Full text of "Medical lexicon : a dictionary of medical science : containing a concise explanation of the various subjects and terms of anatomy, physiology, pathology, hygiene, therapeutics, pharmacology, pharmacy, surgery, obstetrics, medical jurisprudence, dentistry, etc. : notices of climate, and of mineral waters : formulae for officinal, empirical, and dietetic preparations, etc : with French and other synonymes"

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YALE 
MEDICAL  LIBBARY 


HISTORICAL 
LIBRARY 


THE  GIFT  OF 
MRS.  HENRY  KEIL 


DUNGLISON'S 


MEDICAL   DICTIONARY. 


FIFTEENTH    EDITION 


WORKS  BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


I.    (Just    Issukd.) 

HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY: 

EUHj  fife  Jmtoi  ani  ffeirtj-to  $anbsnme  Illustrations  011  |Pjm&, 

EIGHTH   EDITION, REVISED,   MODIFIED,  AND   ENLARGED. 

In  two  large  and  handsome  octavo  volumes,  of  about  1500  pages  ;  leather,  price,  $7. 


Iu  preparing  the  present  edition,  "  no  paius 
have  been  spared  to  make  the  work  a  complete 
expression  of  the  science  of  the  day."  This 
statement  our  own  examination  of  the  work  en- 
ables us  to  confirm ;  every  page  of  it  testifying 
to  the  author's  industry  in  culling  from  various 
quarters  and  sources  all  that  was  valuable  in  the 
physiological  contributions  to  science  of  the  last 
few  years.  The  careful  and  scrutinizing  spirit 
exhibited  by  the  writer  when  investigating  mooted 
questions,  the  extensive  information  he  possesses 


of  general  science  in  almost  every  department, 
and  the  clear  and  happy  style  in  which  he  pre- 
sents his  views,  render  his  Physiology  one  of  the 
most  reliable  and  attractive  works  in  our  language. 
To  the  practitioner  and  general  reader,  we  can 
heartily  recommend  it  as  an  excellent  resume  of 
the  present  state  of  physiological  science.  As  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  we  think  it  has  no  su- 
perior in  our  language,  and  for  this  object  we 
presume  it  was  chiefly,  if  not  expressly  written. — 
Med.  Examiner,  Oct.,  1856. 


II.    (Now   Ready,    July,    185  7.) 

GENERAL  THERAPEUTICS  AND  MATERIA  MEDICA 

ADAPTED  FOR  A  MEDICAL  TEXT-BOOK. 

WITH     ABOUT     TWO     HUNDRED     ILLUSTRATIONS 
SIXTH  EDITION,  REVISED  AND  IMPROVED. 

In  two  very  handsome  octavo  volumes,  of  about  1100  pages  ;  leather,  price  $6. 


The  most  complete  and  satisfactory  exponent 
of  the  existing  state  of  Therapeutical  Science, 
within  the  moderate  limits  of  a  text- book,  of  any 
hitherto  published.  What  gives  the  work  a  su- 
perior value,  in  our  judgment,  is  the  happy  blend- 
ing of  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica,  as  they 
are  or  ought  to  be  taught  in  all  our  Medical 
schools;  going  no  further  into  the  nature  and 
commercial  history  of  drugs  than  is  indispensable 


for  the  medical  student.  This  gives  to  the  treatise 
a  clinical  and  practical  character,  calculated  to 
benefit,  in  the  highest  degree,  both  students  and 
practitioners.  We  shall  adopt  it  as  a  text-book 
for  our  classes,  while  pursuing  this  branch  of 
medicine,  and  shall  be  happy  to  learn  that  it  hns 
been  adopted  as  such  in  all  of  our  medical  insti- 
tutions.—  The  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


III.    (Just    Issued.) 

NEW  REMEDIES: 

WITH  FORMULA  FOR  THEIR  PREPARATION  AND  ADMINISTRATION. 

Seventh.  Edition,  with  extensive  Additions. 
In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  770  pages  ;  leather,  $3.75. 


It  may  be  considered  almost  a  work  of  super- 
erogation to  enter  into  an  elaborate  criticism  of  a 
work  which  has  reached  its  seventh  edition.  The 
public  has  pronounced,  in  the  most  authoritative 
manner,  its  verdict,  and  we  are  certainly  not  dis- 
posed in  the  present  instance  to  dispute  its  de- 
cision. In  truth,  such  books  as  this  will  always 
be  favorably  received  by  the  Profession  of  our 
country.  They  are  labor-saving  productions, 
which,  at  the  expense  of  much  research  and 
reading  to  the  author,  condense  in  a  convenient 


space  the  novelties  and  discoveries  of  the  age. 
The  present  edition  of  this  work  is  considerably 
enlarged  and  improved.  The  author,  with  bis 
accustomed  accuracy,  has  elaborated  and  amplified 
many  of  the  articles  but  casually  or  imperfectly 
treated  of  in  the  former  editions  ;  and  he  has  also 
added  considerably  to  the  list  of  new  remedies. 
About  thirty  new  agents,  or  novel  applications 
of  old  remedies,  are  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the 
reader  in  this  edition.  —  Va.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour., 
Sept.,  1856. 


IV. 

THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE. 

A  TREATISE   ON  SPECIAL  PATHOLOGY  AND  THERAPEUTICS. 

THIRD   AND   REVISED   EDITION. 

In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  about  1500  pages  ;  leather,  $6.25. 

The  student  of  medicine  will  find  in  these  two  that  will  nerve  him  with  courage,  and  faithfully 
elegant  volumes  a  mine  of  facts,  a  gathering  of  direct  him  in  his  efforts  to  relieve  the  physical  suf- 
precepts  and  advice  from  the  world  of  experience,    ferings  of  the  race. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 


BLANCHAUD  AND  LEA,  PHILADELPHIA. 


MEDICAL   LEXICON. 


DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL  SCIENCE 


COSTAIXINQ 


A  CONCISE   EXPLANATION  OF  THE  VARIOUS   SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS   OF  ANATOMY,  TIIYSIOLOGY, 
PATHOLOGY,   HYGIENE,  THERAPEUTICS,   PHARMACOLOGY,   PHARMACY,   SURGERY,   OB- 
STETRICS,  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,   DENTISTRY,   Etc.;   NOTICES   OF  CLI- 
MATE,  AND   OF  MINERAL  WATERS;   FORMULAE   FOR  OFFICINAL, 
EMPIRICAL,  AND  DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS,  Etc.; 


FRENCH  AND  OTHER  SYNONYMES 


BY 

ROBLEY    DUNGLISON,  M.D.,   LL.D., 

PROFESSOR    OF    THE    INSTITUTES    OF    MEDICINE,   ETC., 

IN    THE    JEFFERSON    MEDICAL    COLLEGE 

OF    PHILADELPHIA. 


REVISED  AND  VERY  GREATLY  ENLARGED. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
BLANC  HARD    AND    LEA 

1857. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1857,  by 

BLAxXCHAED   AND   LEA, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

COLLINS,  PRINTER. 


P  E  E  F  A  C  E . 


On  this  new  edition  of  his  "  Jledical  Lexicon,"  the  author  has  bestowed 
more  than  usual  labour.  It  is  not  more  than  four  years  since  a  friendly  re- 
viewer, in  one  of  the  most  learned  of  European  medical  periodicals,  (the 
"British  and  Foreign  Medico- Chir urgical  Reeieic''1  for  July,  1853,  p.  205,) 
in  noticing  a  former  edition,  remarked,  that  the  labour  which  had  been  bestowed 
upon  the  work  had  "been  something  prodigious;"  adding — "the  work,  how- 
ever, has  been  now  done,  and  we  are  happy  in  the  thought,  that  no  human 
being  will  have  again  to  undertake  the  same  gigantic  task.  Revised  and 
corrected  from  time  to  time,  Dr.  Dunglison's  'Medical  Lexicon'  will  last  for 
centuries. " 

Yet,  in  the  present  edition,  not  only  has  the  work  been  "revised  and  cor- 
rected," but  about  six  thousand  subjects  and  terms  have  been  added,  which  are 
not  to  be  found  in  the  one  noticed  by  the  "British  and  Foreign."  Many  of 
these  have  been  introduced  into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the 
progress  of  the  science ;  whilst  others  had  escaped  the  author  in  the  previous 
editions.  These  additions  have  necessarily  required  a  great  amount  of  labour, 
which — as  on  every  former  occasion  of  the  kind — has  been  cheerfully  bestowed, 
in  order  that  the  work  might  be  rendered  still  more  worthy  of  the  vast  favour 
which  it  has  experienced.  It  has  ever  been  the  anxious  desire  of  the  author  to 
make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desirable — if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the 
student  may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been  legiti- 
mated in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science ;  and  the  present  very  carefully 
revised,  greatly  enlarged,  and  accurately  printed  edition  cannot  fail  to  be  more 
extensively  useful,  and  to  offer  stronger  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practi- 
tioner and  student,  than  any  of  its  predecessors. 

The  author  is  grateful  for  the  opportunity  again  afforded  him  of  expressing 
his  acknowledgments  for  the  reception  which  the  Dictionary  has  met  with 
everywhere  from  the  profession. 

ROBLEY  DUXGLISOX. 

Philadelphia,  1116  Gieard  St. 

July,  1857. 

(5) 


EXPLANATION 


If  the  simple  synonymy  of  any  term  be  needed,  a  mere  reference  to  the  term 
may  be  sufficient ;  but  if  farther  information  be  desired,  it  may  be  obtained  under 
the  term  referred  to.  For  example,  the  French  word  Tronc  is  said  to  be 
synonymous  with  Trunk.  This  may  be  sufficient  for  the  inquirer :  should  it 
not,  the  requisite  information  may  be  found  by  turning  to  Trunk. 


ABBREVIATIONS  ARBITRARILY  EMPLOYED. 


Arab. 

Arabic. 

P. 

Portuguese. 

Ch. 

Chaussier. 

Ph.  D. 

Pharmacopoeia 

of  Dublin. 

D. 

Dutch. 

Ph.  E. 

(i 

Edinburgh. 

Da. 

Danish. 

Ph.  L. 

ii 

London. 

E. 

English. 

Ph.  P. 

ti 

Paris. 

F. 

French. 

Ph.  U.  S 

n 

of  the  Uni- 

F. or  Fah. 

Fahrenheit. 

ted    States 

Fam. 

Family. 

of  America. 

G. 

German. 

PI. 

Plural. 

Heb. 

Hebrew. 

Prov. 

Provincial. 

L 

Italian. 

R. 

Reaumur. 

Imp.  meas. 

Imperial  measure. 

S. 

Spanish. 

Ir. 

Irish. 

S.g. 

Specific  Gravity. 

L. 

Latin. 

Sax. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Linn. 

Linnaeus. 

Sc. 

Scottish. 

Nat  Ord. 

Natural  Order. 

Sex.  Syst 

.  Sexual  System 

. 

Old  Eng. 

Old  English. 

Sw. 

Swedish. 

Ord. 

Order. 

Yulg. 

Vulgarly. 

(7) 


DICTIONARY 


OF 


MEDICAL  SCIENCE. 


A 

A,  before  a  consonant;  An  before  a  vowel,  a,  av, 
have,  in  the  compound  medical  terms,  a  privative 
or  debasing  signification,  like  that  of  the  particles 
in.  im,  un,  ir,  in  English.  Thus:  Stheni'a  means 
strength;  Antheni'a,  want  of  strength;  Ancemia, 
want  of  blood,  etc.  Occasionally,  in  compound 
words,  thev  have  an  intensive  meaning. 

AACHEN,  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

A,  or  aa.     See  Abbreviation. 

AANDE,  Breath. 

AARZIIIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A.  is 
in  the  canton  of  Berne,  in  Switzerland.  The 
chief  spring  contains  chlorides  of  calcium  and 
sodium,  sulphates  of  lime  and  soda,  oxyd  of 
iron,  and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

A. \ S.MTS.  Anhelatio. 

ABACII.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  hydro- 
sulphuretted  saline  spring  not  far  from  Ratisbon 
or  Regentsber?,  in  Bavaria. 

ABAISSEMENT,  Depression;  a.  de  la  Cata- 
racte,  see  Cataract — a.  de  la  Matrice,  Prolapnifl 
uteri. 

ABAISSEUR  DE  UA1LE  DU  NEZ,  De- 
pressor aire  nasi — a.  de  Tangle  da  Itvre*,  De- 
pressor anguli  oris — a.  de  la  lecre  in/frii  we, 
Depressor  labii  inferioris — a.  de  la  lanr/ue,  Glos- 
hus — a.  da  la  mtaekoire  infirienre,  Digas- 
tricus — a.  de  Va il.  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

ABALIENATIO  MENTIS,  Insanity. 

ABA  LIEN  A'TUS.  Corrup'hu,  Corrupted;  from 
id,,  and  alienus,  'different.'  Membra  abaliena'ta. 
Limbfl  dead  or  benumbed.  —  Celsus,  Scribonius 
Largos. 

ABANGA.  Name  given  by  the  inhabitants  of 
St.  Thomas  to  the  fruit  of  a  palm  tree,  the  seeds 
of  which  they  consider  very  useful  in  diseases 
of  the  chest,  in  the  dose  of  three  or  four,  two  or 
three  times  a  day. 

ABAPTIST'A.  Ahaptin'tnn  or  Abnptin'tum,  from 
a,  privative,  and  Patrt^nv,  'to  plunge.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  old  trepan,  the  conical  shape  of 
which  prevented  it  from  plunging  suddenly  into 
the  cavitv  of  the  cranium. 

ABAPTISTON,  Abaptista, 

ABAPTI8TUM,  Abaptista. 

ABARBMO  TBMO.  A  Brazilian  tree,  which 
grows  in  the  noon  tains,  and  appears  to  be  B 
mimosa.     Pise  relate*  that  the  decoction  of  its 

hark,  which  is  bitter  and  astringent,  was  applied 
in  that  eonntrj  to  ulcers  of  a  had  character. 
ABARNAHAS,  Magnesia. 

ABARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  and  Synar- 
throsis. 

A  BA  TA  RDTSSEMENT,  Degeneration. 
ABATTEMENT,  Prostration. 

1 


ABBREVIATION 

ABATTIS,  Giblets. 

ABBECOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  spring,  six  leagues  from  Paris,  and 
one  from  Poissy.  It  was  once  much  frequented, 
but  is  now  abandoned. 

ABBEVILLE,  MINER  AL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Abbeville,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Somme,  France. 

ABBREVIATION,  Abbrevia'tio,  Brachj/n'ti*, 
Brachys'mos,  Abbreviatu'ra.  (F.)  Abreviatiou, 
from  brevity  'short.'  Abbreviations  are  chiefly 
used  in  medicinal  formula?.  They  are  by  no 
means  as  frequently  employed  now  as  of  old, 
when  every  article  had  its  appropriate  symbol. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  abbreviations 
which  have  been  or  are  employed  : 

R.  Recipe,  Take. 

A.  aa,  ANA,  (ava)  titriusqne,  of  each. 
ABDOM.  Abdomen. 

Abs.  Febr.  Absente  febre,  In  the  absence  of 
fever. 

An.  or  Add.  Adde  or  addatur. 

Ad.  Lib.  Ad  libitum,  At  pleasure. 

Admov.  Admoveatur,  Let  it  be  applied. 

Ai.tern.  IIor.  Alternif  horix.  Every  other  hour. 

Alt.  Adstiuct.  Alio  adstrictd,  The  bowels 
being  confined. 

Aq.  Aqua,  Water. 

Aq.  Bill.  Aqua  bullicns,  Boiling  water. 

Ay.  Com.u.  Aqua  communis.  Common  water. 

Aq.  Fbbv.  Aqua  fervent,  Hot  water. 

Aq.  Font.  Aqua  fontie,  Spring  water. 

Aq.  Makin.   Aqua  marina,  Sea  water. 

B.  A.   Balneum  arena,  A  sand-bath. 
Bals.  BalsaMUMt  Balsam. 

BB.  BBDS.  Barbadensis,  Barbadoes. 

Bib.  Bib>,  Drink. 

Bis  ind.    Bit  indie*,  Twice  daily. 

B.  M.  Balneum  mariae,  (I*\)  Bain  marie,  A  water 
hath. 

Bo  I..   BnluR. 

Bill.    Bui  Hat,  Let  it  boil. 

Bit.   Butymm,  Butter. 

]:.  Y.    Balneum  vaporie,  A  vapour  bath. 

('.    Congiue,  A  gallon. 

< '  i:iti  1..   CaruU  us,  Blue. 

('  vi'.   Capiat,  Let  him  take. 

C.  C.    ''"run  1  ■>  rri,  Hartshorn. 

C.  C.  U.   Cornu  eervi  upturn.  Burnt  hartshorn. 
C.  M.  Crae  stand,  To-morrow  morning. 
C.  N.   Crat  node,  To-morrow  night, 
C.  V.  Oraeveepere,  To-morrow  evening. 
c.i  hi..   Cochlear* .  A  ppoonfaL 
Cocbl.    A.mim..     Cochleare    amplum,   A    large 
spoonful. 

(17) 


ABBREVIATION 


18 


ABBREVIATION 


Cochl.    Inf.     Cochleare    infantum,    A    child's 
spoonful. 

Cochl.  Mod.  or  Med.    Cochleare  modicum  or 
medium,  A  dessert-spoonful. 

Cochl.  Parv.  Cochleare  jiarvum,  A  tea-spoonful. 
Col.    Cola,  and  Colaturee,  Strain,  and  to  the 
strained. 

Com  P.  Compositw,  Compound. 

Conf.    Confectio,  Confection. 

Cons.   Conserva,  Conserve. 

Cont.   Continuetur,  Let  it  be  continued. 

Coq.    Coque,  Boil. 

Cort.    Cortex,  Bark. 

Crast.   Crastinus,  For  to-morrow. 

CUJ.    Cujus,  Of  which. 

Cujusl.    Cujuslibet,  Of  any. 

Cyath.    Cyathus,  A  glassful. 

Cyath.  The^s,  A  cup  of  tea. 

D.  Dosis,  A  dose. 

D.  et  S.  Detur  et  signetur  {placed  at  the  end 
of  a  prescription). 

D.  D.  Detur  ad,  Let  it  be  given  in  or  to. 

Deaur.  Pil.  Deauretur  ])ilula,  Let  the  pill  be 
gilded. 

Deb.  Spiss.  Debita  spissitudo,  A  due  consist 
ence. 

Dec.  Decanta,  Pour  off. 

Decub.  Decubitus.  Lying  down,  going  to  bed. 

De  D.  in  D.  De  die  in  diem,  From  day  to  day 

Dej.  Alv.  Dejectiones  alvi,  Alvine  evacuations 

Dep.  Depuratus,  Purified. 

Dest.   Destilla,  Distil. 

Det.  Detur,  Let  it  be  given. 

Dieb.  Altern.  Diebiis  alterni's.  Every  other  day. 

Dieb.  Tbrt.  Diebus  tertlis.  Every  third  day. 

Dig.  Digeratur.     Let  it  be  digested. 

Dil.  Dilutus,  Dilute. 

Dim.  Dimidius,  One-half. 

DlV.   Divide,  Divide. 

Donec  Alv.  Solut.  Fuer.  Donee  alvus  soluta 
fuerit,  Until  the  bowels  are  opened. 

Drach.   Drachma,  A  drachm. 

Ejusd.  Ejusdem,  Of  the  same. 

Enem.   Enema,  A  clyster. 

Exhib.  Exhibeatur.  Let  it  be  exhibited. 

Ext.  super  Alut.  Extende  super  alutam,  Spread 
upon  leather. 

F.  Fiat,  Let  it  be  made. 

F.  Pil.  Fiat  pilula,  Make  into  a  pill. 

F.  Venues,  or  F.  VS.  Fiat  veneesectio,  Let  bleed- 
ing be  performed. 

Feb.  Dur.  Febre  durante,  The  fever  continuing. 

Fem.  Intern.  Femoribus  internis,  To  the  insidt 
of  the  thighs. 

Fist.  Armat.  Fistula  arrnafa,  A  bag  and  pip* 
— a  clyster  pipe  and  bladder  fitted  for  use. 

Fl.  Fluidus,  and  Flares,  Fluid,  and  Flowers. 

Frust.  Frustillatim,  In  small  pieces. 

Gel.  Quavis.  Gelatind  qudvis,  In  any  kind  of 
jelly. 

G.  G.  G.    Gummi  gnttaz  Gambias,  Gamboge. 
Gr.    Granum,  A  grain. 

Gt.   Gutta,  A  drop.     Gtt.   Guttce,  Drops. 

Gtt.  or  Gutt.  Quibusd.  Guttis  quibusdam,  With 
gome  drops. 

Gum.   Gummi,  Gum. 

Guttat.   Guttatim,  By  drops. 

Hor.  Decub.  Hord  decubitus.  At  bed-time. 

Hor.  Interm.  Horis  intermediis,  At  interme- 
diate hours. 

H.  S.  Hard  somni,  At  bed-time. 

Inf.  Infunde,  Infuse. 

Ind.  Indies,  Daily. 

Inj.  Enem.  Injiciatur  enema,  Let  a  clyster  be 
given. 

In  Pulm.  In  pulmento,  In  gruel. 

Jul.  Julepus,  A  julep. 

Lat.  Dol.  Lateri  dolenti,  To  the  pained  side. 

Lb.  and  Lib.  Libra,  A  pound  weight. 


Lib.  Llb.  Librae,  Pounds. 

LlQ.   Liquor. 

M.  Misce,  Mix. 

Mac.  Macera,  Macerate. 

Man.  J/aniptlu8,  A  handful. 

Man.  Prim.  Ma ne p ri mo,  Early  in  the  morning. 

Mic.  Pan.  Mica  panis,  Crumb  of  bread. 

Mix.  Minimum,  The  60th  part  of  a  drachm  by 
measure. 

Mitt.  Mitte,  Send. 

Mitt.  Sang.  Mittatur  sanguis,  Let  blood  be 
drawn. 

Mod.  Prescript.  Modo  prascripto,  In  the 
manner  directed. 

Mor.  Sol.  More  solito,  In  the  usual  manner. 

Mnc.  Mncilago,  Mucilage. 

N.  M.  Nux  moschata,  Nutmeg. 

0.  Octarius,  A  pint. 

01.  Oleum,  Oil. 

Ol.  Lini,  S.  I.  Oleum  lini  sine  igne,  Cold-drawn 
linseed  oil. 

Omn.  Bid.   Omni  biduo,  Every  two  days. 

Omn.  Bih.    Omni  bihorio.  Every  two  hours. 

Omn.  Hor.   Omni  hard.  Every  hour. 

Omn.  Man.   Omni  maiie,  Every  morning. 

Omn.  Nocte,  Every  night. 

Omn.  Quadr.  Hor.  Omni  quadrante  horce, 
Every  quarter  of  an  hour. 

0.  0.  0.    Oleum  olivcB  optimum,  Best  olive  oil. 

Ov.    Ovum,  An  egg. 

Ox.    Oxymel. 

Oz.    Uncia,  An  ounce. 

P.   Pondere,  By  weight,  and  Pars,  A  part. 

P.  and  Pug.   Pugi  litis,  A  pugil. 

P.  IE.   Partes  cequales,  Equal  parts. 

Part.  Vic.  Partitis  vicibus,  In  divided  doses. 

Peract.  Op.  Emet.  Peractd  operatione  emetici, 
The  operation  of  the  emetic  being  over. 

Pil.  Pilula,  A  pill.  Pil.  or  Pill.  Pilula, 
Pills. 

Post.  Sing.  Sed.  Liq.  Post  singulas  sedes 
Uquidas,  After  every  liquid  evacuation. 

Pot.  Potio.  A  potion. 

P.  P.   Pu/ris  patrum,  Jesuits'  bark. 

P.  Rat.  jEtat.  Pro  ratione  cetatis,  According 
to  the  age. 

P.  R.  N.  Pro  re  natd,  As  occasion  may  be. 

Pulv.  Pulvis,  A  powder. 

Q.  P.  Quantum  placeat,  As  much  as  may  please. 

Q.  S.  Quantum  sujficit,  As  much  as  is  suificient. 

QuOR.    Quorum,  Of  which. 

Q.  V.  Quantum  volueris,  As  much  as  you  wish. 

Rad.  Radix,  Root. 

Ras.  Rasttrce,  Shavings. 

Rect.  Rcctificatus,  Rectified. 

Red.  or  Redig.  in  Pulv.  Redactus  in  pnlre- 
rem,  or  Redigatur  in  pulverem,  Powdered,  or  Let 
it  be  powdered. 

Reg.  Umbil.  Regio  umbilici,  The  umbilical 
region. 

Repet.  Repetatur,  Let  it  be  repeated. 

S.  A.   Secundum  artem,  According  to  art. 

Sem.   Semen,  Seed. 

Semi-dr.   Semi-drachma,  half  a  drachm. 

Semi-h.  Semi-hora,  Half  an  hour. 

Serv.  Serva,  Keep,  preserve. 

Sesquih.   Sesquihora,  An  hour  and  a  half. 

Sesunc.  Sesuncia,  An  ounce  and  a  half. 

Si  NonVal.  Si  nonvaleat,  If  it  does  not answer. 

Si  Op.  Sit.  Si  opus  sit,  If  there  be  need. 

SiVir.  Perm.  Sivirespermitta>it,  If  the  strength 
will  permit. 

Sing.  Singulorum,  Of  each. 

Solv.   Solre,  Dissolve. 

Sp.  and  Spir.  Spiritus,  Spirit. 

Ss.  Semi,  One  half. 

St.  Stet,  Let  it  stand. 

Sub  Fin.  Coct.  Sub  finem  coctionis,  Towards 
the  end  of  the  boiling. 


ABCtiS 


10 


ABDUCTOR 


Sum.  Sumat,  Let  him  take;  also,  Summitatts, 
The  tops. 

S.  V.  Spirit  us  vini,  Spirit  of  wine. 

S.  V.  11.  Spiritu*  tint  rectificattu,  Rectified 
spirit  of  wine. 

S.  V.  T.  Spiritu*  rini  tenuior,  Proof  spirit  of  wine. 
Syrupue,  Syrup. 

I  BMP.  Dkxt.  Tempori  dtxtro,  To  the  right 
temple. 

T.  0.  Tinctura  opii,  Tincture  of  opium. 

Tit.,  Tit  a.  and  Tim  it.   Tinctura,  Tincture. 

TitiT.    Tritun,,  Triturate. 

V.  0.  S.  or  Vir.  Or.  SoL.  ViUllo  ovi  solutus, 
Dissolve,!  in  tlie  yolk  of  an  egg. 

VS.  Venaseectio,  Venesection. 

Z.Z.  Anciently  myrrh:  now  zinzlber  or  ginger. 

Tb,  Libra,  A  pound,     lib.  Pounds. 

5,   I 'mid.  An  ounce. 

f 5,  Ftuiduneia,  A  Huidounce. 

g.  Drachma,  A  drachm. 

f3Ji  Fluidrachma,  A  tluidrachm. 

►),  ScmpulutHf  A  scruple. 

TTJJ,  Mini  ilium,  A  minim. 

Mutts,  or  half;  iss,  one  and  a  half. 

j.  one;  ij,  two;  iij,  three;  iv,  four,  &c.  See 
Symbol. 

The  same  system  is  not  always  followed  in  ab- 
breviating. The  subjoined  will  exhibit  the  usual 
mode  : 

R 

In/us.  Colomb.  f  ^  iss 

Tinct.  Gent.  comp.  f^i 

Si/r.  Cort.  Aurunt.  f^S 

Tinct,  caps.  gtt.  xl.  M. 

Capt.  coch.  ij.  p.  r.  n. 

This,  written  at  length,  is  as  follows  : 
Recipe 

Infuei  Colombo?  sesqui-fluidunciam. 
Tineturm  Gentianes  Oompoeita  Auidrachmara. 
Syntpi  Corticis  Aurantiorum  seini-fluidraeh- 

main. 
Tinctura  Capsici  guttas  quadraginta. 
Mi  see. 

Capiat  cochlearia  duo  pro  re  nata. 
In  the  United  Suites  the  directions  are  always 
written  in   English. 

ABOBS,  Abscess — a.  Aigu,  see  Abscess. 
ABCES  EN  B0UT0N  DE  CHEMISE,  Shirt- 
button  or  Shirt-stud  Abscess.  A  deep-seated  mam- 
mary abscess,  following  the  septa  of  the  breast, 
and  appearing  under  the  skin,  so  as  eventually  to 
give  rise  to  one  or  more  subcutaneous  abscesses, 
without  losing  the  original  character  of  submam- 
mary suppuration.  A  cavity  exists  between  the 
integuments  and  the  gland — another,  larger,  be- 
tween the  mamma  and  the  chest — the  two  com- 
mnnieating  by  a  passage,  whieh  is  generally  nar- 
row— the  whole  having  the  exact  appearance  of  a 
shirt- stud. — Velpeau. 

ABCES  CHAUD,  see  Abscess — a.  Chronique, 
see  Abscess — o.  par  Congestion,  see  Abe 
a.  Ooneicutif,  Abscess,  metastatic — a.  Diatheei- 
c  Abscess — <i.  Froid,  see  Abscess — a.  Mi- 
taetatique,  Abscess,  metastatic — ".  Retro-uterine, 
see  Retro-uterine — a.  Scro/uleux,  see  Abscess — a. 
8oudnint  see  Abscess. 

ABDO'MEN,  from  abdere,  'to  conceal;'  be- 
cause U  conceals  the  viscera:  by  some,  fancifully 
presumed  to  be  from  abdere,  '  to  conceal,'  and 
omentum,  'the  caul.'  Vromabdo  is  formed  abdo- 
-  from  lego,  legume*.  Etron,  Hypogcu'trion, 
Phyed,  Hypocos' Hum,  Epie'chion,  Lap'ara,  fly- 
pochoi'lion,  Oaett  r,  Hupou'trion,  Nedyt,  Neies'ra, 
Xti'ra,  Abdu' nun.  Venter,  Venter  imue,  Venter 
in'fimue,  Alvus,  tPterue,  The  belly,  (So.)  fCyte, 
Penehe,  Weam.  (Prov.)  Baggie,  II  <g,  Wem,  Pook, 
(F.)  Ventre,  V.  in/erieur.  Bat  ventre.  Tiic  larg- 
est  of   the  three   splauchuic    cavities,   bouuded, 


above,  by  the  diaphragm  ;  below,  by  the  pelvis  ; 
behind,  by  the  lumbar  vertebra'  j  and  at  the  Bldei 
and  fore  part,  by  muscular  expansions.  It  i»  dis- 
tinguished into  three  anterior  regions,  from  abore 
to  below;  ris.  the  epigastric,  umbilical,  and  hypo- 
gastric, each  of  which  is  itself  divided  into  three 
others,  one  middle,  and  two  lateral:  thus,  the 
epigaetrie  region  comprises  the  epigaetrimm  and 
hypochondria  ;  the  umbilical,  the  umbilicu$  and 
jtanlcx  or  lumbar  region*  ,•  and  the  hypogastric, 
the  hypogaetrium  and  iliac  regione.  None  of 
igiODS  has  its  limits  well  defined.  The 
chief  viscera  contained  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdo- 
men, Ca'lia,  ('arum  Abdom' inis,  are  the  stomach, 
intestines,  liver,  spleen,  pancreas,  kidneys,  <tc. 
It  is  lined  by  the  peritoneum. 

AnnoMKN.  Pkmhi.ois,  Physeonia. 

ABDOM'IXAL,  Abdomina'lie,  Ventra'lie,  Ven- 
tral. That  whieh  belongs  to  the  Abdomen,  as 
abdominal  muscles,  abdominal  viscera,  &c. 

ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos- 
copia. 

ABDOMINOSCOP'IA,  Oattroeeop'ia,  Lapa- 
rosco})' ia,  Abdomfinie  Explora'tio.  Abdom'inoe- 
eopy.  A  hybrid  word,  from  abdomen,  'the  lower 
belly,'  and  oKoiriia,  '  I  view.'  Examination  of  the 
lower  belly  as  a  means  of  diagnosis.  See  Aus- 
cultation. 

ABDOMTNOUS,  Vcntrio'sus,  Ventro'sus,  from 
abdomen,  'the  belly.'  Jiiy -bellied,  Jiig-paunched, 
Ventrip'otent.     Having  a  large  abdomen. 

ABDUCENS  LABIORUM,  Levatoranguli  oris. 

ABDUCENTES,  Motor  ocnli  externus. 

ABDUCTEUH  DE  L'(EIL,  Rectus  externus 
oculi  —  a.  de  Foreille,  Abductor  auris  —  a.  du 
gros  ovteil,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis — a.  du  petit 
orteil,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — a.  court  du 
ponce,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis — a.  long  du  ponce, 
Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

ABDUCTION,  Abduc'tio,  from  abdncere,  to 
separate,  (ab  and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  The  move- 
ment which  separates  a  limb  or  other  part  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  word  has  also  been  used  synonymously 
with  Abmj/tio,  Apag'ma,  Apoclas'ma,  a  fracture 
near  the  articular  extremity  of  a  bone,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  fragments. 

ABDUCTOR,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Abducteur. 
A  muscle  which  moves  certain  parts  by  separat- 
ing them  from  the  axis  of  the  body. 

Abductor  Auricularis,  Abductor  auris  —  a. 
Indicts  pedis,  Prior  indicis  pedis,  Posterior  indicis 
pedis  —  a.  Medii  digiti  pedis,  Prior  medii  digiti 
pedis  —  a.  Minimi  digiti,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti  —  a.  Minimi  digiti,  Prior  minimi  digiti — a. 
Oculi,  Rectus  externus  oculi  —  a.  Pollicis  mantis, 
and  a.  Brevis  alter,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

Abductor  Auris,  Abductor  auricula' rie.  (F.) 
Abducteur  de  Voreille.  A  portion  of  the  posterior 
auris,  whose  existence  is  not  constant,  which 
passes  from  the  mastoid  process  to  the  concha. 

Abductor  In'dicis,  Semi-interos'seus  in'dicie. 
A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  os  trapezium  and 
metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  first  bone  of  the  forefinger.  Its  use  is  to 
bring  the  forefinger  towards  the  thumb. 

Audi  (tou  Min'imi  Dk;"iti,  Carpo-phaian'geun 

miu'imi   digiti,    Carpo-plialangieu    du  petit   doigt, 

Exten'eor  ter'tii interna' dii  minimi  digiti — (Dou- 
glas.) Hypoih'enar  minor  metacarpals.  See 
Flexor  parvus.  It  originates,  fleshy,  from  the  os 
pisiforme,  and  from  the  annular  ligament  near 
it :  and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  inner  side 
of  the  base  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  finger. 
Uee,  to  draw  the  little  finger  from  the  rest 

ABDUOTOB    Minimi    Digiti    PnDIS,    Calco-sub- 

phalangeue  minimi  digiti,   Galeaneo-phalangien 

du  petit   orteil.    Parath'enar   major — (I$y   Wins- 

lllow,  the  muscle  is  divided  into  two  portions,— 


ABDUMEN 


20 


ABOMASUS 


Parathenar  major  and  metatarseus.)  Calcaneo- 
sous-phalangien  du  petit  orteil — (Ch.)  (F.)  Ab- 
ducteur  du  petit  orteil.  This  muscle  forms  the 
outer  margin  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  is  im- 
mediately beneath  the  plantar  aponeurosis.  It 
arises,  tendinous  and  fleshy,  from  the  outer  side 
of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis,  and  from 
the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  little  toe, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outer  part  of  the  root  of 
the  first  bone  of  the  little  toe.  Use,  to  draw  the 
little  toe  outwards. 

Abductor  Pol'licts  Brevis,  Abductor  Polli- 
cia  3fanu8,  Scapho-carpo-super-phalangeus  Pol- 
lici8,  Sus-phalangien  du  pouce,  A.  pollicis  manus 
and  A.  brevis  alter — (Albinus.)  (F.)  Abducteur 
court  du  pouce,  Carpo-8U8-phalangien  du  pouce — 
(Ch.)  A  short,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which  arises 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  os  scaphoides  and 
the  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  outside  of  the  upper  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  A  particular  por- 
tion, on  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  is  called,  by 
Albinus,  Abductor  brevis  alter. 

Abductor  Longus  Pollicis,  A.  I.  P.  Mantis, 
Extensor  ossis  metacarpi  pollicis  manus,  Extensor 
primi  internodii  —  (Douglas,)  Extensor  primus 
Pollicis,  Cubito-radi-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce, 
Cubito-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce, —  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Abducteur  long  du  pouce.  A  long,  thin  muscle, 
arising  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna, 
radius,  and  interosseous  ligament,  and  inserted  at 
the  outer  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  first 
metacarpal  bone. 

Abductor  Pollicis  Pedis,  Calco-sub-phalan- 
geus  Pol'licis.  (F.)  Abducteur  du  gros  orteil. 
This  muscle  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  anterior  and 
inner  part  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  tendinous  from  the  same  bone  where  it  joins 
with  the  os  naviculare.  It  is  inserted,  tendinous, 
into  the  internal  os  sesamoideum  and  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  great  toe.  Use,  to  pull  the  great 
toe  from  the  rest. 

The  name  Abductor  has  been  given  also  to  all 
those  interosseous  muscles  of  the  hand  and  foot, 
which  perform  the  motion  of  abduction  on  the 
fingers  or  toes,  and  to  muscles  which  execute  the 
same  function  on  other  parts  of  the  body. 

ABDUMEN,  Abdomen. 

ABEB.E'OS,  from  a,  neg.,  and  (lepaios,  'firm,' 
Infir'mus,  Deb'ilis.     Weak,  infirm,  unsteady. 

ABEILLE,  Bee. 

ABELMELUCH.  One  of  the  names  of  the  Rici- 
nus,  according  to  some  authors. — Prosper  Alpinus 
says  that  a  tree,  which  grows  about  Mecca,  is  so 
called.  Its  seeds,  which  are  black  and  oblong, 
are  said  to  be  a  most  violent  cathartic. 

ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  a. 
Moschatus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABELMUSK,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABENSBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  a  city  of  Bavaria,  where  there  is  a  cold,  sul- 
phureous spring. 

ABERRATIO,  Aberration  —  a.  Lactis,  Galac- 
toplania — a.  Mensium,  Menstruation,  vicarious — 
a.  Menstruorum,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio,  from  aberrare, 
(ab  and  errare,)  'to  stray,'  'to  wander  from.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings. 

1.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  of  the  living  body 
into  an  order  of  vessels  not  destined  for  it.  In 
this  sense  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Error  Loci 
of  Boerhaave. 

2.  The  flow  of  a  fluid  towards  an  organ  different 
from  that  to  which  it  is  ordinarily  directed ;  as  in 
cases  of  vicarious  hemorrhage.  Aberrations  of 
sense  or  judgment  are  certain  errors  in  the  percep- 
tions, or  certain  derangements  of  the  intellectual 
faculties. 

The  word  is  used  in  optics  to  designate  the 


Jdispersion  of  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  through 
a  lens. 

Aberration,  Chromatic,  Aberration  of  Re- 
frangibility. 

Aberration  op  Refrangibil'ity,  Chromatic 
aberra'tion,  (F.)  Aberration  de  Refrangibilite, 
Chromatisme,  exists,  when,  as  in  a  common  lens, 
the  rays  that  pass  near  the  circumference  of  the 
lens  are  decomposed,  so  that  a  coloured  image  is 
observed.  This  aberration  in  the  human  eye  is 
corrected  by  the  iris,  which  does  not  permit  the 
rays  to  fall  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens, 
and  also  by  the  crystalline  lens  itself,  which, 
owing  to  its  structure,  serves  the  purposes  of  an 
achromatic  glass. 

Aberration,  Spherical,  Aberration  of  sphe- 
ricity. 

Aberration  op  Spheric"ity  or  spher'ical  ab- 
erra'tion takes  place,  when  the  rays,  as  in  a  com- 
mon lens,  which  pass  through  the  centre  of  the 
lens,  and  those  which  pass  near  the  circumfer- 
ence, are  unequally  refracted,  so  that  they  do  not 
meet  at  a  common  focus. 

This  aberration  of  sphericity  in  the  human  eye 
is  corrected  by  the  iris  and  lens. 

ABESSI,  Realgar. 

ABEVACUA'TIO,  Apoceno'sis,  from  ab,  and 
evacuare,  '  to  empty.'  An  evacuation.  A  partial 
or  imperfect  evacuation.  By  some  it  is  applied 
to  an  immoderate  evacution. — Kraus. 

ABHAL.  A  fruit  well  known  in  India,  and 
obtained  from  a  species  of  cypress.  It  passes  for 
an  emmenagogue. 

ABIES,  Pinus  picea — a.  Balsamea,  Pinus  bal- 
samea. 

Abies  Balsamifera,  Pinus  Balsamea — a.  Ca- 
nadensis, Pinus  Canadensis — a.  Excelsa,  see  Pinus 
abies  —  a.  Gallica,  Pinus  picea  —  a.  Larix,  Pinus 
larix — a.  Pectinata,  Pinus  picea — a.  Picea,  Pinus 
picea — a.  Rubra,  Pinus  rubra. 

ABIGA,  Teucrium  Chamaepitys. 

ABIOSIS,  Death. 

ABIOTOS,  Conium  maculatum. 

ABIRRITA'TION,  Abirrita'tio,  from  ab,  priva- 
tive, and  irritatio,  '  irritation.'  This  word  strictly 
means  absence  or  defect  of  irritation.  The  disci- 
ples of  Broussais  used  it  to  indicate  a  pathological 
condition,  opposite  to  that  of  irritation.  It  may 
be  considered  as  synonymous  with  debility,  as- 
thenia, &c. 

ABLACTATIO,  Weaning. 

ABLASTES,  Sterile. 

ABLATIO,  Extirpation. 

ABLEPH'ARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  /?Ae- 
<papov, '  eyelid.'     One  who  has  no  eyelids. 

ABLEPSIA,  Caecitas. 

ABLUENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABLUENTS,  Detergents. 

ABLUTION,  Ablu'tio,  Aponip'sis,  Cataclys'- 
mus,  from  abluere,  (ab  and  luere,)  '  to  wash.'  A 
name  given  to  legal  ceremonies  in  which  the 
body  is  subjected  to  particular  affusions.  Ablu- 
tion (especially  of  the  extremities)  with  cold  or 
tepid  water  is  employed,  therapeutically,  to  re- 
duce febrile  heat.  Also,  the  washing  by  which 
medicines  are  separated  from  the  extraneous 
matters  mixed  with  them. 

ABNORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ABNORMITY,  Anomalia. 

ABNOR'MOUS,  Abnor'mis,  Enor'mis,  Abnor- 
mal, (F.)  Anormal,  from  ab,  'from,'  and  norma, 
'rule.'     Not  conformable  to  rule;  irregular. 

ABOLP'TION,  Aboli"tio,  destruction  or  sup- 
pression, from  ab  and  luere  (?)  'to  wash.'  A 
word,  often  employed,  especially  by  the  French, 
to  express  the  complete  suspension  of  any  symp- 
tom or  function.  Abolition  of  the  sight,  e.  g.  is  the 
complete  loss  of  sight. 

ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma'sum,  Enys'tron,  Yentric- 


ABOMINATIO 


tihi/t  iutextina'lia,  Rennet,  (Sc.)  Ruddikin,  (F.) 
e.  The  lowermost  or  fourth  stomach  of 
ruminating  animals. 

ABOMINATIO,  Disgust. 

ABONDANCE,  Plethora. 

ABORSIO.  Abortion. 

ABORSUS,  Abortion. 

ABORTICIDIUJf,  Foeticide. 

ABOBTIF,  Abortive. 

ABORTIFACIBN8,  Abortive. 

ABORTION,  Abor'tne,  Abor'tne,  Abor'sJo,  Dy*- 
:.t.  Paraeye*eie  abortus, 

Ami//')' six,  Amfilo'iim,    Aiiil'lo*  niux,    Ec'bo     . 

bryotoc' \a,  Diapk'tkora,  Ectro'sis,  E.rnmblo'ma, 
Examblo'eie,  Eetroefmoe,  ApopalWeie,  Apopal'*i$, 
Apopk'thora,  Pktkora,  OomvuPeia  u'teri,  Deper- 

.  -<./••-.  .Mi<,-.irri:i'_'o:  t'rrnu 
mi  and  win,  *  to  rise."  Applied  bo  that  which  has 
!i.  The  expulsion  of  the  foetua 
the  seventh  month  of  Otero-gestation,  or 
it  is  viable.  The  causes  of  this  accident 
are  referable  either  to  the  mother,  and  particu- J 
b.rly  to  the  uterus:  or  to  the  ileitis  and  its  de- 
pendencies. The  causes,  in  the  mother,  may  be  : 
—  extreme  nervous  susceptibility,  great  debility, 
plethora,  faulty  conformation.  Ae.  :  and  it  is  fre- 
quently induced  immediately  by  intense  mental 
emotion,  violent  exercise,  Ae.  the  causes  seated 
in  the  fetus  are  its  death,  rupture  of  the  mem- 
branes. Ac.  It  most  frequently  occurs  between 
the  Mh  and  12th  weeks  of  gestation.  The  symp- 
toms of  abortion  are: — uterine  hemorrhage  with 
or  without  Hakes  of  decidua,  with  intermitting 
pain.  When  abortiou  has  once  taken  place,  it  is 
extremely  apt  to  recur  in  subsequent  pregnancies 
ab.mt  the  same  period.  Some  writers  have  called 
abortion,  when  it  occurs  prior  to  three  months, 
Effluxion.  The  treatment  must  vary  according 
to"  the  constitution  of  the  patient  and  the  causes 
giving  rise  bo  it.  In  all  cases,  the  horizontal 
posture  and  perfect  quietude  are  indispensable. 

Abortion  is  likewise  applied  to  the  product  of 
an  untimely  birth. — Abor'tne,  Abor'tne,  Apoble'- 
iii't,  Apob'oli,  Ecblo'ma,  Atnblotkrid'ion,  Ectro'- 
ma,  /'  >f' tu*  immatu'rus,  Abortment,  (F.)  Avor- 
ton,  Avortin. 

TO  ABORT,  Aborx'ri.  To  miscarry.  (F.) 
Ai'i  titer. 

ABOR'TIYE,  AbortVvue,  Bebol'ine,  Amblo'ti- 
'JnthriiCiinn,  Ambol'iene,  Pkthor'iue,  Apo- 
phthor'iiiK,     Ectrot'icus,    Abortifa'ciene,     Acyte'- 
n'm,    Expel' lens,   Phthi  roc' tonus,    Phthoroc' tonus, 
EcboV icux,  Contractor  u'teri,  Accelerator  Partue, 
Parturient,  Partnrifa'eient,  Ecbolie,     (F.)  Abor- 
tif.     A  medicine  to  which  is  attributed  the  pro- 
:'  causing  abortion.     There  is  probably  no 
direct  agent  of  the  kind. 
ABOB  I'M  EXT.  Abortion. 
ABORTUS.  Abortion. 
A  BOUCHEMENT,  Anastomosis. 
ABObl.  \ZA.  a  tree  of  Madagascar,  used,  ac- 
oording  to  Flaeourt.  in  the  practice  of  the  coun- 
try, in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

.1  BOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration. 
ABO  YE  USES,  see  Oonvnleiomnaire, 
ABBA  MAX.    Abratax,    Abraxas.      A    mystic 
term,  expressing  the  number  365,  to  which  the 
Cabalistfl  attributed  miraculous  pro] 

ABRACADA'BRA,  Abraeada'bm,  the  name 
of  i  Syrian  idol,  according  I  i  Belden.  This 
word,  when  pronounced  and  repeated  in  a 
form  and  a  certain  number  of  times,  was  sup- 
:  >  have  the  power  of  earing  fevers  and 
preventing  many  diseases.  It  wm<  figured  on 
amulets  and  worn  suspended  around  the  neck. 


1  ABSCESS 

K31K3Jt"lX3*lM 

3X1X31M 

K1X31M 

1  X  3  "I  X 

2  I  X 

1  M 

M 

ABRACALAN,  A  cabalistic  term  to  which  the 
Jews  attributed  the  same  virtue  as  to  the  word 
Abracadabra. 

ABRASABRA,  Abracadabra. 

ABRASAX,  Abrabax. 

ABRA'SIOX,  (Pror.)  Fleck,  Abra'eio,  Apoeyr'- 
ma,  Apoxye* 'mux,  from  abradere,  [ab  and  l 
'to  rasp.'  A  superficial  excoriation,  with  I 
substance,  under  the  form  of  small  shreds,  in  the 
mucous  membranes  of  the  intestines, — (F.)  /.'"- 
clures  des  Boyaux.  Also  an  ulceration  of  the 
skin,  possessing  similar  characters.  According 
to  Vieq  d'Azyr,  the  word  has  been  used  for  the 
absorption  of  the  molecules  composing  the  various 
organs. 

ABRATIIAX",  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABRAXAS,  Abrabax. 

ABRE,  Abrus  precatorius. 

A  HUE  VIA  T10X,  Abbreviation. 

ABRICOT,  see  Prunus  Armeniaca — a.  Suu- 
vage,  Mammea  Americana. 

AB  RICO  TIER,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ABROSIA,  Abstinence. 

ABROTANUM,  Artemisia  abrotanum  — a. 
Cathsum,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  Mas,  Arte- 
misia abrotanum. 

ABROTOXE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABROTOXI'TES,  (oivos,  'wine,'  understood.) 
Wine  impregnated  with  Artemisia  Abrotanum  or 
Southernwood. 

ABROTOXUM,  Artemisia  Abrotanum. 

ABRUPTIO,  Abduction. 

ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  (from  afoot,  'ele- 
gant.') Liq'orice  Bunk,  Red  Bean,  Love  pea.  1  .  I 
Abre,  Liune  a  riglieee.  A  small  ornamental 
shrub,  found  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  as  well  as  in 
Egypt  and  the  West  Indies  ;  Nat.  Ord.  Legutni- 
Sex.  SyeL  Monadelphia  Enneaudria;  hav- 
ing beautiful  scarlet  seeds  with  a  black  spot.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  sweet  mucilaginous  demul- 
cents. The  seeds  of  the  American  kind  are  con- 
ridered  to  be  purgative  and  poisonous.  They  are 
employed  to  form  rosaries,  and  hence  called,  in 
mockery.  Jumble  beads. 

ABSCESS,  from  abscedo,  (abs,  and  cedere,)  *  I 
depart,'  or  'separate  from.'  Absces'sus.  Abxces' - 
rib,  Apkiete'eie,  A/i'jste'ma,  Bepye'nia,  Ecpye'eie, 
Reces'sua,  Impos'thnme,  Gathering,  (Old  Eng.) 
Apo8temacion,Apost'hume.  (Sc.)  HattreL  (Prov.) 
Coulf  Nunxpoet,  Poetime.  (F.)  Abeee,  DepSL  A 
collection  of  pus  in  a  cavity,  the  result  of  a  mor- 
bid process.     See  Pyogenia,  and  Suppuration. 

The  French  have  various  distinctive  terms  for 
Abseesi 

Ckaud,  Ai<ju,  Soudain,  is  one  which  fol- 
lows violent  inflammation. 

Abces  Emid,  t'/ironique,  Scrofuleu.r,  cold, 
chronic,  or  scrofulous  abscess,  one  which  is  the 
result  of  chronic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

Abc&s par  Congestion,  A.  diathesigue,  a  sympto- 
matic abscess;  one  which  occurs  in  apart  at  a 
distance  from  the  inflammation  by  which  it  is 
occasioned  :  e.  g.  a  lumbar  abeeeee  j  in  which  the 
inflammation  may  be  in  the  lumbar  vertebra.', 
whilst  the  pus  exhibits  itself  at  the  groin. 

Alvkolar,    Parulis — a.    Cold,    see 


ABSCISSIO   PRiEPUTII 


ABSUS 


Abscess,  Metastat'ic,  Absces'sua  metnstat'-  [ 
icux,  (F.)  Abces  metastatique,  A.  consecutif,  an 
abscess  which  forms  suddenly,  and  sometimes ' 
without  any  precursory  signs  of  inflammation,  in 
a  part  of  the  body  remote  from  one  in  a  state  of 
suppuration,  and  without  presenting  a  sufficient 
reason  for  its  development  in  the  place  which  it 
occupies.     It  is  a  consequence  of  phlebitis. 

Abscess,  Perforating  of  the  Lung,  see 
Lung,  perforating  abscess  of  the — a.  Perilaryn- 
geal, see  Perilaryngitis — a.  Psoas,  Lumbar  ab- 
scess— a.  Retropharyngeal,  see  Retropharyngeal 
— a.  Shirtstud,  Abces  en  bouton  de  chemise. 

Abscessus  Capitis  Sanguineus  Neonatorum, 
Cephalajmatoma — a.  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis — 
a.  Gangraenescens,  Anthrax — a.  Gangraenosus,- 
Anthrax — a.  Lacteus,  Mastodynia  apostematosa 
— a.  Lumborum,  Lumbar  abscess — a.  Mammte, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — a.  Metastaticus,  Ab- 
scess, metastatic — a.  Nucleatus,  Furunculus — a. 
Oculi,  Hypopyon  —  a.  Pectoris,  Empyema  —  a. 
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema  —  a.  Renalis,  Ne- 
phrapostasis — a.  Spirituosus,  Aneurism — a.  Tho- 
racis, Empyema — a.  Urinosus,  Urapostema. 
ABSCISSIO  PR.EPUTII,  Circumcision. 
ABSCIS'SION,  Abscis'io,  Abscis'sio,  from  ab- 
scidere  or  abscindere,  '  to  cut  off,'  Apoc'ope, 
Apothrau'sis,  Diac'ope.  Excision  or  extirpation 
of  a  part,  especially  of  a  soft  part. — Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

Fracture  or  injury  of  soft  parts,  with  loss  of 
substance. — Hippocrates. 
,     Diminution,  or  loss  of  voice. — Celsus. 

Sudden  and  premature  termination  of  a  dis- 
ease.— Galen. 

ABSCONSIO,  Sinus. 

ABSENCE  DU  BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

ABSINTHE,  Artemisia  absinthium. 
ABSINTHI'TES,  a^iv^rng,  Apsinthi'tes,  Wine 
impregnated  with  Absinthium  or  Wormwood. — 
Dioscorides. 

ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Artemisia  ab- 
sinthium— a.  Marinum,  Artemisia  maritima — a. 
Maritimum,  Artemisia  maritima — a.  Ponticum, 
Artemisia  pontica — a.  Romanum,  Artemisia  pon- 
tica — a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica — a. 
Vulgare,  Artemisia  absinthium. 
ABSORBANT,  Absorbent. 
ABSOR'BENT,  Absor'bens,  from  absorbere(ab 
and  sorbere,)  '  to  drink,  to  suck  up/  (F.)  Ab- 
sorbant.     That  which  absorbs. 

Absorbent  System  is  the  collection  of  vessels, 
Vasa  absorben'tia  seu  resorben'tia,  and  glands, 
which  concur  in  the  exercise  of  absorption. 

A  medicine  used  for  absorbing  acidity  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  <fcc.  In- 
ver'tens,  Resor'bens,  Sat'urans,  Pracip'itans. 

Also,  any  substance,  such  as  cobweb,  sponge, 
<fcc,  which,  when  applied  to  a  bleeding  surface, 
retains  the  blood,  and  forms  with  it  a  solid  and 
adhesive  compound,  which  arrests  the  hemor- 
rhage. 

ABSORPTIO,  Absorption  — a.  Sanguinis, 
Haemorrhophesis. 

ABSORP'TION,  Absorp'tio,  Resorp'tio,  Inha- 
la'tio,  Imbibit"io,  Anar'rhophe,  Anarrophe'sis, 
Catapino'sis,  Rhoebde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sis,  Ca- 
tar'rhophe;  same  etymon.  The  function  of  ab- 
sorbent vessels,  by  virtue  of  which  they  take  up 
substances  from  without  or  within  the  body.  Two 
great  divisions  have  been  made  of  this  function. 
1.  External  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of  com- 
position, which  obtains,  from  without  the  organs, 
the  materials  intended  for  their  composition ; 
and,  2.  Internal  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of 
decomposition,  which  takes  up  from  the  organs 
the  materials  that  have  to  be  replaced  by  the 
exhalants. 


By  external  absorption  is  meant  not  only  that 
which  takes  place  at  the  external  surface  of  the 
body,  but  also  that  of  the  mucous  membranes  of 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Hence, 
again,  the  division  of  external  absorption  into  cu- 
taneous— resorp'tio  cuta'nea  seu  cutis,  inhala'tio 
cutis, — intestinal  or  digestive,  and  pulmonary  or 
respiratori/. 

Internal    absorption    is    also   subdivided  into, 

1.  Molecular  or  interstitial,  nutritive,  organic,  or 
decomposing,  which  takes  up  from  each  organ  the 
materials  that  constitute  it,  so  that  the  decoinpo- 

I  sition  is  always  in  equilibrio  with  the  deposition. 

2.  The  absorption  of  recrementitial  secreted  fluids, 
such  as  the  fluid  of  serous  membranes,  synovia, 
&c.  As  these  are  constantly  exhaled  on  surfaces 
which  have  no  external  outlet,  they  would  aug- 
ment indefinitely,  if  absorption  did  not  remove 
them  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  in  which 
they  are  deposited.  3.  The  absorption  of  apart 
of  the  excrementitial  jluida,  as  they  pass  over  the 
excretory  passages. 

Absorption  does  not  effect  the  decomposition 
of  the  body  immediately.  It  merely  prepares  the 
fluid  which  has  to  be  eliminated  by  the  secretory 
organs. 

The  great  agents  of  external  absorption  are  the 
veins  and  chyliferous  vessels  ;  of  internal  absorp- 
tion, probably  the  lymphatics.  In  the  chylil'e- 
rous  vessels  and  lymphatics  the  fluid  is  always 
found  to  possess  the  same  general  properties. 
In  them,  therefore,  an  action  of  elaboration  or 
selection  must  have  taken  place.  The  veins,  on 
the  other  hand,  seem  to  exert  no  selection.  Any 
fluid,  possessing  the  necessary  tenuity,  passes 
through  the  coats  of  the  vessel  readily  by  imbibi- 
tion, and  proceeds  along  with  the  torrent  of  the 
circulation.  Watery  fluids  in  this  manner  enter 
the  blo^d  when  they  are  taken  into  the  stomach. 
Substances  that  require  digestion,  on  the  other 
hand,  must  pass  through  the  chyliferous  vessels 
and  thoracic  duct. 

Absorption  of  Composition,  see  Absorption — 
a.  Cutaneous,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Decomposi- 
tion, see  Absorption — a.  Digestive,  see  Absorp- 
tion— a.  External,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Excre- 
mentitial Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a. 
Internal,  see  Absorption — a.  Intestinal,  see  Ab- 
sorption—  a.  Interstitial,  see  Absorption  —  a. 
Molecular,  see  Absorption — a.  Nutritive,  see  Ab- 
sorption—  a.  Organic,  see  Absorption  —  a.  Pul- 
monary, see  Absorption — a.  of  Recrementitial 
Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a.  Respiratory, 
see  Absorption. 

ABSTEME,  Abstemious. 

ABSTE'MIOUS,  Abste'mhts,  Aoi'nos,  from  abs, 
'without,'  and  temetum,  'wine.'  (F.)  Abxteme. 
Used  by  the  ancient  writers,  as  well  as  by  the 
French,  in  the  sense  only  of  its  roots ;  one  who 
abstains  from  wine  or  fermented  liquors  in 
general. 

ABSTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSIVA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSORIA,  Detergents. 

AB'STINENCE,  Abstinen'tia,  from  abs,  'from/ 
and  tenere,  'to  hold/  Abros'ia,  Asit'ia,  Liman'- 
chia,  Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation,  usually 
voluntary,  as  when  we  speak  of  abstinence  from 
j)leasure,  abstinence  from  drink,  &e.  It  is  more 
particularly  used  to  signify  voluntary  privation 
of  certain  articles  of  food.  Fasting  is  a  useful  re- 
medial agent  in  certain  diseases,  particularly  in 
those  of  an  inflammatory  character. 

ABSUS,  a  kind  of  cassia,  0.  Absus,  which 
grows  in  Egypt  and  in  India,  the  seeds  of  which, 
pulverized  and  mixed  with  powdered  sugar,  have 
been  employed  in  form  of  a  dry  collyrium,  in  the 
endemic  ophthalmia  of  Egypt. 


ABULIA 


23 


ACCABLEMENT 


ABU' LI  A;  from  a,  'privative,'  and  (iovhi,  'will.' 
Lees  of  the  will,  or  of  volition. 

A  1! I"' LIC US;  same  etymon.  One  who  has  lost 
the  power  of  will  or  of  volition. 

ABU8  DE  SO  [-ME ME,  Masturbation. 

ABUTA  (a  Guiana  name),  Pareira  hrava. 

ABUTILON  AVICENX.E.  A.  Cor  da' turn,  Si- 
da  Abu'tilon,  Indian  or  Yellow  Mallow,  Velvet 
leaf  j  Order,  Malvaceae,  (from  a,  privative,'  (lovs, 
'  an  OX,'  and  tjAoj,  '  diarrhoea,'  that  is,  '  a  remedy 
for  the  diarrhoea  of  cattle ;')  is  naturalized,  and 
common  in  most  parts  of  the  United  States.  It 
bles  common  mallow  in  its  properties,  being 
mucilaginous  and  demulcent. 

ABVACUA'TIO,  an  excessive  or  colliquative 
evacuation  of  any  kind. 

AC  AC]  A,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Acacia?  gummi — a.  Cate- 
chu. Catechu — a.  False,  Robinia  pseudo-acacia — 
a.  Germanica,  see  Prunus  spinosa — a.  Giraffe,  see 
Acacias  gummi — a.  Horrida,  see  Acaciae  gummi 
— a.  Indies,  Tamarindus — a.  Nilotica,  see  Acacia* 
gummi — a.  Nostras,  see  Prunus  spinosa — a.  Sene- 
gal, see  Senegal,  gum — a.  Vera,  see  Acaciae  guin- 
lui — a.  Zeyloniea,  Hiomato.xylon  Campechianum. 

ACACL.E  GUMMI,  Aca'cia,  from  am,,  'a 
point,'  so  called  in  consequence  of  its  spines,  G. 
Aca'cia  Arab'iccB,  G.  Miino'sa?,  G.  Arab' i cum,  G. 
Acanth'inum,  G.  Leucum,  G.  Theba'icum,  G.  Se- 
mpio'nia,  0.  Lamac,  G.  Senega  or  Seneca,  (see 
Senegal,  gum,)  Gum  Ar'abic.  (F.)  Gomme  Ara- 
bique.  The  gum  of  the  Aca'cia  seu  Mimo'sa 
Nilotica,  Aca'cia  vera,  Spina  sEyyptiaca,  of 
Upper  Egypt,  Nat.  Ord.  Mimoseae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Polygamia  Monoecia.  It  is  in  irregular  pieces, 
colourless,  or  of  a  pale  yellow  colour,  hard,  brittle, 
of  a  shining  fracture,  transparent,  soluble  in 
water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol,  s.  g.  1*4317. 

It  is  mucilaginous ;  but  is  rarely  used,  except 
in  pharmacy.  Sometimes  it  is  administered  alone 
as  B  demulcent. 

Acacia  Horrida  and  A.  Giraffes,  of  South 
Africa,  yield  a  good  gum. 

ACAJOU,  (of  Indian  origin)  Anacardium  oc- 
cidentals. 

Ac  UUBA  Officinalis,  Anacardium occiden tale. 

Ai  u.'vpha  Betuli'na,  Cauda  felia  agrestis, 
(«,  '  privative,' /caAoj,  'beautiful,' and  40*/,  'touch') 
id  employed  by  the  natives  of  India  as  a  stoma- 
chic and  in  cholera.  It  is  given  in  the  form  of 
infusion  of  the  leaves. 

Acalvpha  IIisi'iDA,  Caturus  spiciflorus. 

A<  u/vi'HA  I.N'niCA,  'disagreeable  to  the 
touch.'  Cupameni,  Order  Euphorbiacea?.  A  com- 
mon annual  in  the  gardens  of  India.  An  infusion 
of  the  root,  and  a  decoction  of  the  leaves  are 
cathartic. 

A<  ai/yi'HaVirgin'ica.  Three-seeded  mer' cury . 
indigenous,  flowering  in  August,  is  said  to  have 
expectorant  and  diuretic  properties. 

ACAM'ATUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Kapvw,  'I  la- 
bour.' This  word  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
■  good  constitution  of  the  body.  According  to 
Oaten,  it  means  that  position  in  which  a  limb  is 
intermediate  between  flexion  and  extension  ;  a 
position  which  may  be  long  maintained  without 
fatigue. 

ACAMPSIA,  Contractura. 

ACANOS,  Onopordium  acanthium  — a.  Spina, 
Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTIIA,  Vertebral  column.  Also,  Spinous 
process  of  a  vertebra. 

ACANTHAB'OLUS,  Aean'tkmlut,  VoUel'la, 
from  aKavSa,  'a  spine,'  and  iluWu,  'I  cast  out.' 
A  kin  1  of  forceps  for  removing  extraneous  sub- 
itanees  from  wounds. — Paulas  of  JSgina,  Fabri- 
cius  ab  Aqnapendente,  Soultetus,  Ao. 

ACANTHALZUCA,  Echinops. 


AC  AN  THE  FAUSSE,  Heraclenm  spondy- 
Hum. 

ACANTIIIA  LECTULARIA,  Cimex  lectu- 
larius. 

ACANTHIUM,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTIIULUS,  Acanthabolus. 

ACANTHUS  MOLLIS,  (aiavSa,  'a  spine  or 
thorn,')  same  etymon  as  Acacia.  Melamphyl'- 
lum,  Branca  ursi'na  seu  vera,  Brankur'sine, 
Bear's  Breech.  (F.)  Pied  d'ours.  This  plant  is 
mucilaginous  like  Althaea,  and  is  used  as  a  de- 
mulcent. 

ACAPATLI,  Piper  longum. 

ACAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  icapSia,  'the 
heart.'     The  state  of  a  foetus  without  a  heart, 

ACARDIOILE'MIA.  (F.)  AcardioMtnie,  from 
a,  priv.,  icapdia,  'heart,'  and  aipa  'blood.'  Want 
of  blood  in  the  heart. — Piorry. 

ACARDIONER'VIA,  (F.)  Acardionervie  : 
from  a,  priv.,  KapSia,  'heart;'  and  vivpov,  '  nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  heart  as  indicated 
by  the  sounds  ceasing  to  be  audible. 

ACARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

AC  ABE,  Acarus. 

AC'ARICIDE,  from  acarue,  and  cadere,  'to 
kill.'  A  destroyer  of  acari,  —  as  of  the  acarus 
scabiei. 

ACARICO'BA.  The  Brazilian  name  for  Hy- 
drocot'yle  umbella'tum,  used  by  the  Indians  as 
an  aromatic,  alexipharmic,  and  emetic. 

ACARON,  Myrica  gale. 

ACARP'iE,  from  a,  'privative,'  and  Knpvoq, 
'fruit.'  A  division  of  the  family  of  cutaneons 
diseases  by  Fuchs,  in  which  there  is  no  "  fruit," 
(Gertn.  Frucht,)  or  production  from  the  cutane- 
ous surface  —  tubercles,  vesicles  or  pustules. 
Lentigo,  Chloasma,  Argyria,  and  Pityriasis  be- 
long to  it. 

ACARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Ka\,-/)<;,  'di- 
visible.' (F.)  Acare.  A  minute  insect,  one  spe- 
cies of  which  has  been  noticed,  by  several  obser- 
vers, in  the  itch.     The  Acarus  Scabiei,  see  Psora. 

Acarus  Ciro,  see  Psora  —  a.  Comedonum, 
Acarus  Folliculorum. 

Ac'arus  Cros'sei,  Crosse  mite.  An  insect  sup- 
posed by  Mr.  Crosse,  of  England,  to  have  been 
developed  in  a  solution  of  silicate  of  potassa  when 
submitted  to  slow  galvanic  action,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  obtaining  crystals  of  silex.  It  did  not, 
however,  prove  to  be  a  new  formation. 

Acarus  Folliculo'rum,  A.  Comedo' num,  En- 
tozo'on  seu  De'modex  seu  Simo'nea  seu  Stcatozo'- 
on  folliculo' rum,  Macrogas'ter  platypus.  An 
articulated  animalcule,  discovered  in  the  sebace- 
ous substance  of  the  cutaneous  follicles.  Accord- 
ing to  Professor  Owen,  it  belongs  to  the  Ara- 
chnida. 

Acarus  Scabiei,  Acarus,  see  Psora. 

ACATALEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  icara- 
\afi(Savti>,  'I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty  in  dia- 
gnosis.     Its  opposite  is  Catalepsia. — Galea. 

ACATAP'OSIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kara- 
toitis,  'deglutition.'  Incapacity  of  swallowing. 
Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  difficulty  of  deglu- 
tition. 

ACATASTAT'IC,  Acatastat'icus,  from  a,  priv., 
and  KaSiarripi,  'to  determine.'  An  epithet  given 
to  fevers,  Ac,  when  irregular  in  their  periods  or 
symptoms. — Hippocrates. 

ACATHAR'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  KaSaipifa, 
'  I  purge  ;'  Sordes,  Impurities.  Omission  of  a  pur- 
gative.— Foesius. 

ACATSJAVAL'LI,  a  Malabar  plant,  which  is 
astringent  and  aromatic.  A  bath  of  it  is  need  in 
that  country  in  cases  of  hemicrania.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Citsnytha  filiformit  of  Linnanu. 

ACAWERIA,  Ophioxylum  serpentinum. 

ACCABLEMENT,  Torpor. 


ACCELERATEUR 


24 


ACEPIIALOGASTER 


ACCELERATEUR  BE  L'URIXE,  Accele- 
rator urinae. 

ACCELERATOR  PARTUS,  Abortive. 
Accelerator  Uri'n.e,  Bulbo-cavemo'sus,  Bul- 
bo-uretral — (Ch.),  Ejacula'tor  Sem'inis,  Bulbo- 
syndesmo-caverneux.  (F.)  Accelerateur  de  f urine, 
Bulbo-caverneux,  Ano-caverneux,  from  ad  and 
celer,  'quick.'  A  muscle  of  the  penis,  which 
arises,  fleshy,  from  the  sphincter  ani  and  mem- 
branous part  of  the  urethra,  and  tendinous,  from 
the  crus  and  beginning  of  the  corpus  caverno- 
sum  penis.  In  its  course  it  forms  a  thin,  fleshy 
layer,  the  inferior  fibres  of  which  run  more  trans- 
versely than  the  superior,  which  descend  in  an 
oblique  direction  ;  the  muscles  of  both  sides  com- 
pletely enclosing  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  It  is 
inserted  into  its  fellow  by  a  tendinous  line  run- 
ning longitudinally  on  the  middle  of  the  bulb. 
Its  use  is  to  propel  the  urine  or  semen  forwards. 

ACCENT,  Sonus  vocis,  from  ad  and  canere, 
cantum,  to  sing.  Inflection  or  modification  of  the 
voice,  which  consists  in  raising  or  dropping  it  on 
certain  syllables. 

The  accent  exhibits  various  alterations  in  dis- 
ease. 

ACCES,  Paroxysm. 

ACCES'SION,  Acces'sio,  from  accedo,  (ad  and 
cedere,)  '  I  approach.'  The  invasion,  approach, 
or  commencement  of  a  disease. 

ACCESSOIRE,  Accessory— a.  du  longFlechis- 
seur  commun  des  orteils :  see  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius)  — 
a.de  I'Obturateur  interne,  Ischio-trochanterianus 
— a.  du  Pied  d'  Hippocampe  :  see  Cornu  ammonis 
— a.  du  Sacro-lombaire  :  see  Sacro-lumbalis. 

ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI- 
TORUM  PEDIS;  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — a.  Pedis 
hippocampi: — see  Cornu  ammonis. 

ACCESSORY,  Accesso'rius,  (F.)  Accessoire, 
Annexe,  same  etymon.  A  consequence  or  de- 
pendence on  any  thing;  as  accessory  ligament, 
muscle,  nerve,  &c 

Accessory  op  the  Parot'id  is  a  name  given 
by  HalleF  to  a  small  gland,  which  accompanies 
the  parotid  duct,  and  is  commonly  a  mere  pro- 
longation of  the  parotid  itself.     See  Parotid. 

Accessory  Sciences  to  Medicixe  are  those 
which  do  not  relate  directly  to  the  science  of 
raan  in  a  state  of  health  or  disease;  as  physics, 
chemistry,  &c. 

Accessory  of  the  Par  Vagum,  Spinal  nerve. 

The  term  accessory  is  also  given  to  several 
muscles. 

ACCESSUS,  Coition. 

ACCIDENS,  Symptoma — a.  Consecutifs,  Con- 
secutive phenomena. 

ACCIDENT,  Ac'cidens,  from  accidere,  (ad  and 
cadere,)  *  to  happen.'  A  casualty  ;  an  unforeseen 
event.  The  French  —  like  older  English  writers 
—  use  the  term  in  nearly  the  same  sense  as  symp- 
tom.    It  means  also  an  unexpected  symptom. 

ACCIDEN'TAL,  Adventitious.  That  which 
happens  unexpectedly. 

The  French  give  the  name  Tissus  accidentels 
to  those  adventitious  textures,  that  are  the  result 
of  a  morbid  process. 

ACCIP'ITER,  Hi'erax,  'u/>a|,  'the hawk,' from 
accipere  (ad  and  capio,)  'to  take.'  Menec'ratis 
Accip'iter,  (F.)  Epervier.  A  bandage  applied 
over  the  nose,  so  called  from  its  likeness  to  the 
claw  of  a  hawk. 

ACCLI'MATED,  Clima'ti  assue'tus,  (from  ad 
and  clima.)  A  word  of  recent  introduction  from 
the  French,  which  means  'accustomed  to  a  cli- 
mate.' 

A  CCL IMA  TA  TlOX,  Acclimation. 

A  CCL  MA  TEMEXT,  Acclimation. 

ACCLIMATION,  Seasoning.    (F.)  Acclimate- 


ment,  Accllmatation.     The  act  of  becoming  accli- 
mated or  accustomed  to  a  climate. 

The  constitution  of  a  person,  who  goes  to  live 
in  another  and  a  very  different  climate,  usually 
experiences  changes,  which  are  frequently  of  an 
unfavourable  character,  and  the  study  of  which 
is  of  considerable  importance  in  medicine. 

ACCOMPAGXEMEXT  BE  LA  CAT  A- 
RACTE,  Accompaniment  of  the  cataract. 

ACCOM'PANIMENT,  Adjun'ction.  (F.)  Ac- 
comj)agnement,  (compagnon,  '  an  associate').  That 
which  is  joined  to  any  thing. 

Accompaniment  to  the  cataract,  (F.)  Accom- 
pagnement  de  la  cataracte,  is  a  whitish,  viscid 
substance,  which  sometimes  surrounds  the  opake 
crystalline  lens,  and  remains  after  the  operation 
for  cataract,  causing  a  secondary  cataract. 
ACCOUCHEE,  Puerpera. 
ACCOUCHEMEXT,  Parturition  —  a.  Labori- 
ous, Dystocia — a.  contre  Xature,  see  Presentation, 
preternatural — a.  Laborieux,  Laborious  labour, 
— a.  Prorogue,  see  Parturition. 

ACCOUCHEUR,  (F.)  Adju'tor  Partus,  Ob- 
stet'ricans,  Obstetri"cius,  Maieu'ter,  Maieu'tes. 
He  who  practices  the  art  of  midwifery.  A  physi- 
cian-Accoucheur, a  Surgeon-Accoucheur,  a  Mom- 
midwife,  &c. 

A  CCO  UCHE  USE,  Midwife. 
ACCOUPLEMEXT,  Coition. 
ACCOUTUMAXCE,  Habit. 
ACCRE'TION,  Accre'tio,   from   ad,  'to,'  and 
crescere,  'to  increase.'     Augmentation;  (F.)  Ac- 
croissement ;  also,  increase  by  juxtaposition. 
ACCROISSEMEXT,  Accretion,  Increase. 
ACCUSATIO,  Indication. 
ACE'DIA,    Incu'ria,    from   a,   privative,    and 
KtSos,  '  care.'     "Want  of  care,  neglect.     Also,  fa- 
tigue.— Hippocrates. 
ACELLA,  Axilla. 
ACEOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia. 
ACEOLOGIA,  Materia  Medica. 
ACE P HALE,  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALH^E'MIA,  (F.)  Acephalhimie,  from 
a,  priv.,  K£<pa\r),  '  head,'  and  aifia,  '  blood.'     Want 
of  blood  in  the  encephalon. — Piorry. 
ACEPHALIA,  see  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALIE,  see  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALOBRA'CHUS,    from   a,   privative, 
kc<P<i\ti,  'head,'    and    (Ipa^iM,    'arm.'     A   foetus 
without  head  or  arms. 

ACEPHALOCAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  tK(t>a\r,, 
'  head,'  and  Kapha,  '  heart.'  Monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  absence  of  head  and  heart, 

ACEPHALOCHI'RUS,  from  a,  privative,  «- 
<pa\i),  'head,'  and  %£ip,  'hand.'  A  foetus  without 
head  or  hands. 

ACEPH'ALOCYST,  Aeephalocys'tis,  (F.)  Ace- 
phalocyste,  from  a,  privative,  Kt^a\ri,  'head,'  and 
kvstis,  'bladder.'  A  hydatiform  vesicle,  without 
head  or  visible  organs,  ranked  amongst  the  Ento- 
zoa,  although  possessed  of  few  animated  charac- 
teristics. In  no  organ  of  the  body  are  acepha- 
locysts  so  frequently  found  as  in  the  liver.  Gene- 
rally it  is  the  '  multiple  acephalocyst,'  A.  socia'- 
li8  seu  prolifera,  which  is  met  with.  At  times, 
however,  it  is  the  '  solitary  acephalocyst,'  A. 
eremi'ta  seu  ster'ilis. 

The  acephalocystis  endog"ena  has  a  firm  coat, 
and  is  composed  of  different  layers,  which  have 
numbers  of  smaller  hydatids  within  them,  and 
are  thrown  off  from  the  interior  of  the  parent 
cyst.  This  species  has  hence  been  termed  en- 
dogena,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  A.  exog"ena 
of  ruminant  animals,  in  which  the  young  vesicles 
are  developed  from  the  exterior  of  the  parent 
vesicles. — See  Hvdatid. 

ACEPHALOGAS'TER,  Athnracoceph'alus, 
from  a  privative,  Kz<pa\r),  'head,' and  yuarrjp,  'the 


ACEPIIALOPODUS 


a  i  •  i:  ton  l: 


belly.'  A  name  given  to  monsters  devoid  of  head, 
chest,  and  abdomen;  or  to  those  which  ha\e  an 
abdomen,  but  no  chest  or  head. 

ACEPHALOP'ODUS,  from    a,    priv.,    KcpaXr,, 
'head,'  and  rouj,  roios,  'foot.'    A  monster  devoid 
of  head  and  feet.    The  condition  is  called  -1 
lopod'ia. 

ACKEHALORA'CHIA,  from  a,  priv.,  KcfaXr,, 
'head,'  and  l>a\ii,  'spine.'  Monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  absence  of  bead  and  spine. 

A«  IE  I'll  ALOS'TOM  A,  from  a,  privative.  tcupaXq, 
'  head,'  and  cropa,  '  mouth.'  An  acephalous  foetus, 
«t  the  upper  part  of  which  there  is  an  opening 
resembling  a  mouth. 

ACEPllALOTUORA'CIA,  from  a,  privative, 
KtfaXfi,  '  head,'  and  Suipa!;,  Swpa*oc,  '  thorax.' 
Monstrosity  in  which  there  is  absence  of  head 
and  ohost, 

ACEPIIALOTIIO'RUS,  from  a,  privative, 
KHpaXrj,  •  head.'  and  Swpa£,  '  chest, '  Apectoccph'alus. 
A  monster  devoid  of  head  or  chest. 

ACBPH'ALOUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  KeQaXr), 
'head.'  (F.)  Acephale.  A  monster  born  devoid 
of  head.    The  condition  is  called  Acepka'lia,   (F.) 

A<  ,'jJtnlie. 

ACER,  Acrid. 

Acer  Palmifolium,  A.  Saccharinum. 

Arm     I'knnsvlvan'icim,      Striped      Maple, 

I  Doaicood.     A  decoction  of  the  bark  has 


tripec 


,.,., 


been  used  internally  and  externally  in  cutaneous 
affections  ;  and  a  decoction  of  the  leaves  and  twigs 
U  said  to  relieve  nausea  and  vomiting. 

Aon  Ki'bium,  Red  Maple;  Indigenous.  The 
inner  bark  is  a  mild  astringent.  The  Indians 
use  a  decoction  of  it  for  sore  eyes. 

A<  IS  SacCHARI'mk,  A.  paliuifa'lium.  Maple, 
Sttgar  Maple.  (F.)  Eralle,  0>d.,  Aceraceae.  This 
tree  contains  a  large  amount  of  sweet  sap,  whence 
a  considerable  quantity  of  sugar  may  be  extracted. 
When  purified,  this  sugar  can  scarcely  be  distin- 
guished from  that  obtained  from  the  cane. — See 
Baochamm. 

Acera'tes     Longifo'lia,    Long-leaved    green 
>d;    Order,    Asclepiadacese  ;   indigenous, 
flowering  in  June  and  July;  has  the  properties 
of  the  order.     See  Asclepias. 

ACERATO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kepas, 
Keparof,  '  horn.'  Defective  development  of  the 
corneous  tissue. 

ACERB',  Acer'bm,  Stryphnos,  from  acer, 
'-harp.'  A  savour,  or  taste,  compounded  of  the 
acid,  bitter,  and  astringent;  such  as  is  met  with 
in  unripe  fruits,  Ac. 

ACER'CUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  KtpKos  'a 
tail.'     A  monster  devoid  of  tail. — Gurlt. 

ACE' RIDES,  Acero'des,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kijpos,  'wax.'     Plasters  devoid  of  wax. — Galen. 

ACERODES,  Acerides. 

ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'des,  Pithyri'nus,  from 
a%vpov,  '  chaff.'  Furfura'ceous.  An  epithet  used 
by  Hippocrates  for  the  coarsest  bread,  made  of 
Hour  not  separated  from  the  chaff. — Foesius. 

ACERVULU8  CEREBRI.  See  Pineal  Gland 
— a.  Qlandulus  Pinealis,  see  Pineal  Gland. 

ACES'CENCY,  Aeeeeen'tia,  from  acescere,  'to 
grow  sour,'  (aKit,  'a  point,'  accr,  'sharp.')  A  dis- 
position  to  acidity.  The  humourists  believed  that 
the  animal  humours  are  susceptible  of  this  change. 

ACESIA,  Cure. 

ACE8IN08US,  Curative. 

A1  ESIS,  Curation,  Cure,  Medicament. 

ACESMA,  Medicament. 

ACESMIUS,  Curable. 

ACESMUS,  <'ure. 

ACESODYNES,  Anodyne. 

ACESOPHORUS,  Curative. 

A  ("ESTER,  Physician. 

ACESTIS,  Medicament. 

ACESTOR,  Physician. 


Al  ESTORIA,  Medicine. 
ACESTORIS,  Midwife. 

AC  EST  OS,  Curable. 

ACESTRA,  Needle. 

ACESTRIA,  Midwife. 

ACESTRIS,  Midwife. 

ACESTROM,  Medicament. 

AC  ETA  MEDIC  AT  A,  Aoetica. 

ACETABDLA  1  TEKINA.  Cotyledon* 

ACBTAB'ULUM,  (F.J  AdtaMe,  from  actum, 
' vinegar,'  because  it  reaesablei  the  old  vinegar 
vessel  oxybapk'ion.  A  Dseasore  capable  of  eon- 
taining  the  eighth  part  of  a  modern  pint.  —  Athe- 

iucus.  Qalen.  See  Cotyloid.  According  t" 
Castelli,  the  lobes  or  cotyledons  of  the  placenta 
of  ruminating  animals  have  been  so  called. 

Acktaiu  LtM,  Cotyle,  Cotyloid— a.  Humeri,  sco 
Glenoid — a.  Marinnm,  Umbilicus  marinaa 

A<  KTA'RIA,  same  etymon.  A  salad  or 
pickle. 

ACETAS,  Acetate. 

ACETATE,  Acc'tae.  (F.)  Achate.  A  salt 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  acetic  acid  with  an 
alkaline,  earthy,  or  metallic  base.  The  acetates 
chiefly  used  in  medicine  are  the  acetates  of  am- 
monia, lead,  potash,  and  zinc. 

ACE'TICA,  Ace'ta  Midira'ta.  (F.)  Vinoi</r<* 
Midieinaux.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  of 
vinegar. 

ACE'TICUM  ACIDUM,  Acidum  Ace'timm 
for'tius  seu  forte  seu  purum  seu  f/lacia'le,  Ace' - 
tum  radiea'li,  0xo8,  Ace'tic  Acid,  Strong  Aee'tont 
Acid,  Acidum  Aceto' 'sum  forte,  Jiad'ical  Vin'c/ar, 
Spir'itus  Ven'eris  (when  made  from  verdigris,) 
Spirit  of  Verdigris.  Concentrated  acetic  acid, 
prepared  by  decomposing  an  acetate  and  receiv- 
ing the  acetic  acid  by  distillation,  has  a  very 
pungent  and  grateful  odour,  and  an  acid  and 
acrid  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is  about  1.046,  and  it  is 
very  volatile. 

It  is  stimulant,  rubefacient,  and  escharotic,  and 
is  applied  to  the  nostrils  in  syncope,  asphyxia, 
headache,  Ac.     It  destroys  warts. 

An  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Vinegar,  Ac"idum  Ace'  - 
ticum  Camphora'tum,  A.  aceto'*um  cauijihara'tum, 
is  formed  of  this  strong  acid,  f^x;  Camphor,  ^j  ; 
Alcohol,  f^j. 

A  strong  Acetic  Acid  was  ordered  by  the  Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia,  prepared  from  wood.  It  was 
called  Vinegar  of  wood,  Improved  distilled  Vine- 
gar, f'i/ro/i(/'neou8  Acid,  Acc'tum  Ligncfrnm,  and 
its  strength  was  such,  that  87  gr.  of  crystallized 
subcarbonate  of  soda  should  saturate  100  grains 
of  the  acid. 

Ac"idum  Ace' ticum  Di/u'tum,  A.  A.  fen'ui  seu 
debil'ius,  Ace' turn  deetilla'tvM,  Acidum  ace'ticum, 
Acidum  aceto' sum  dixtilla'tum .  Distil'led  vin'ctjar, 
(F.)  Acide  Acetique  faille,  Vinairjre  dixti/fr.  is 
prepared  by  distilling  vinegar,  until  seven-eightl  B 
have  passed  over.  An  Acidum  acetictttn  dilutum, 
Diluted  acetic  acid,  IS  made  by  mixing  a  pint  of 
the  strong  acetic  acid  w  it h  seven  pints  of  distilled 
water. — Ph.  U.  S.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
of  vinegar. 

Aceticim  Martiai.e,  Ferri  Acetas. 

AOBTOLAT,  (F.)  from  aeetum,  vinegar.     A 

liquid   medicine  resulting  from  the  distillation  of 

vinegar  on  one  or  more  aromatic  vegetable  sub- 

.    and    which    are    formed    of   vinegar  and 

essential  oils,  or  other  volatile  principles. —  Erin'. 

ACBTOLA  TUBE,  same  etymon.     A  tincture, 
Formed  by  digesting  ■  vegetable  substance  orsab- 
|  stances  in  vinegar.  —  BeraL 

ACBTOLB,  Mime  etymon,  OjcSoU.  A  medi- 
cine, formed  of  distilled  vinegar  and  medicinal 
principles  dissolved  in  it. — Eeral. 

AC  h  TO  MEL,  Oxymel. 
J      ACETONE,  Ac"  dun,  from  aeetum,  'vinegar. 


ACETOSA   ALPINA 


26 


ACHILLEA  AGERATUM 


Spir'itus  pyro-ace'ticvs  ligno'sus,  Pyro-ace'tic 
spirit,  Pyro-ace'tic  Ether,  Mesit'ic  Al'cohol, 
Jiihytlrate  of  Mcxit'ylene,  (F.)  Acetone;  errone- 
ously called  Naphtha  and  Wood  Naphtha.  By 
others,  however,  the  terms  are  applied  to  Py- 
roxylic  Spirit.  A  limpid,  colourless  liquid,  hav- 
ing a  peculiarly  penetrating  and  slightly  empy- 
reumatic  odour.  Its  density  in  the  liquid  state, 
is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  alcohol,  0.7921.  Its 
taste  is  disagreeable,  and  analogous  to  that  of 
peppermint.  It  is  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may  be  pre- 
pared by  distilling  a  mixture  of  two  parts  of 
crystallized  acetate  of  lead  and  one  part  of  quick- 
lime in  a  salt-glaze  jar  (gray-beard,)  the  lower 
part  of  the  jar  being  coated  with  fire-clay ;  and 
a  bent  glass  tube,  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
adapted  to  the  mouth  by  a  cork,  so  as  to  form  a 
distillatory  apparatus.  The  jar  is  supported  on 
the  mouth  of  a  small  furnace,  by  which  the  lower 
part  only  is  heated  to  redness,  and  the  vapours 
are  conducted  into  a  Liebfg's  condenser.  The 
product  is  repeatedly  redistilled  from  quicklime, 
until  its  boiling  point  is  constant  at  132°. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis ;  but  evidently  with  un- 
founded pretensions.  It  is  an  excitant,  and  may 
be  serviceable  in  chronic  bronchitis.  The  dose 
is  ten  to  forty  drops  three  times  a  day,  diluted 
with  water. 

ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus  — a. 
Nostras,  Rumex  acetosa —  a.  Pratensis,  Rumex 
acetosa —  a.  Romana,  Rumex  scutatus  —  a.  Ro- 
tundifolia,  Rumex  scutatus  —  a.  Scutata,  Rumex 
scutatus — a.  Vulgaris,  Rumex  acetosa, 
ACETOSELLA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
ACE'TUM,  ofa,  Oxos,  Ace'tum  Vini  seu  Bri- 
tan'nicum  seu  Gal'licnm,  Common  Vinegar,  Aci- 
dum aceto'sum,  A'legar,  Ace'tum  Cerevis'ice,  (F.) 
Vinaigre  ;  from  axis,  'a  point,'  acer,  'sharp.'  A 
liquor  obtained  by  the  acetous  fermentation. 
Vinegar  has  a  pungent  odour,  and  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  One  fluid  ounce  of  the  Acetum  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  saturated  by 
about  35  grains  of  crystallized  bicarbonate  of 
soda.  It  is  refrigerant  in  fevers  ;  antiseptic,  and 
anti-narcotic;  and  externally  is  stimulant  and 
discutient. 

Vinegar  Whey  is  made  by  stirring  a  small 
wineglassful  of  vinegar,  sweetened  with  a  dessert 
spoonful  of  sugar,  in  a  pint  of  milk  ;  boiling  for 
fifteen  minutes,  and  straining.  Like  tamarind 
whey  it  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  febrile  affections. 
Ace'tum  Aromat'icum,  A.  Theriaca'll  seu 
quatuor  furum,  Acidnm  Ace'ticum  Aromat'icum, 
Thieves'  Vinegar,  Vinegar  of  the  four  Thieves, 
Marseilles  Vinegar,  (F.)  Vinaigre  Aromatique, 
V.  des  quatre  voleurs,  (Rorismarin.  cacum.  sice, 
Pol.  Salvia  sing.  t^j.  Lavand.  flor.  sice.  giv.  Ca- 
ryoph.  cont.  gss.  Acid.  Acet.  Oij.  Macerate  7  days, 
and  filter. — Ph.  E.)  Odour,  pungent  and  aroma- 
tic.    Used  as  a  perfume. 

Acetum  Britannicum,  Acetum. 
Ace'tum  Canthar'idis,  Vinegar  of  Cantha- 
rides,  (Cantharid.  in  pulv.  ^iij.  Acid.  acet.  f|jv., 
Acid,  pyrolign.  f,^xv:  Euphorb.  in  pulv.  crass. 
^ss.  Mix  the  acids  ;  add  the  powders  ;  macerate 
for  seven  days ;  strain ;  express  strongly,  and 
filter  the  liquor.— Ph. _E.  The  London  College 
macerates  cantharid.  ^ij  in  acid.  acet.  Oj.  (Imp. 
meas.)  for  eight  days;  expresses  and  strains.)  It 
is  used  as  a  prompt  vesicant. 

Ace'tum  Col'chici,  Vinegar  of  meadow  saffron. 
(Colchic.  rad.  contus.  ^ij  ;  Acid,  acetic,  dilut.  vel 
Acet.  destil/at.  Oij  ;  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.  It  may  also 
be  made  by  displacement.)  It  is  used  as  a  diu- 
retic, and  also  in  gout.     Dose  f^ss.  to  f^iss. 

Acetum  Destillatum;  see  Aceticum  acidum 
— a.  Gallicum,  Acetum  —  a.  Lignorum:  see  Ace- 


ticum acidum — a.  Mulsum  dulce,  Oxyglycus — a. 
Opii,  Guttae  Nigra?  —  a.  Plumbicum  seu  Saturni- 
num,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  —  a.  Quatuor 
furum,  Acetum  Aromaticum — a.  Radicale,  Aceti- 
cum Acidum — a.  Rosatum,  Oxyrrhodinon. 

Acetum  Scill^;,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  Scil/ii'- 
icinn,  Vinegar  of  Squills,  (F.)  Vinaigre  scilli- 
tique,  (ScillcB  contus.  §iv;  Acet.  destillat.  Oij; 
Ph.  U.  S.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.) Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Dose 
f^ss  to  gij  as  a  diuretic  and  expectorant.  It 
may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  displacement. 

Acetum  Theriacale,  Acetum  aromaticum. 

ACEYTE  BE  SAL.  A  remedy  for  broncho- 
cele  used  in  S.  America.  Roulin  found  it  to  con- 
tain a  portion  of  iodine. 

AC  H  AC  ANA.  A  species  of  cactus,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Potosi  in  Peru.  Its  root  is  thick  and 
fleshy,  and  of  a  conical  shape.  It  is  a  good  edi- 
ble, and  is  sold  in  the  markets  of  the  country. 

ACHALYBHEMIE.     See  Chlorosis. 

ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mely  in  Africa.  It  is  used  by  the  natives  as  an 
antisyphilitic. 

ACHAOVAN,  a  species  of  Egyptian  chamo- 
mile.— Prosper  Alpinus. 

ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  The  Egyptian  name 
of  Cineraria  maritima,  used  in  female  diseases. 

ACHAR,  Atchar. 

ACHE,  Pain. 

ACHE,  Apium  graveolens — a.  des  Montagues, 
Ligusticum  levisticum. 

ACHEI'LIA,  Achi'lia,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ^aXo?. 
'lip.'  A  malformation,  consisting  in  a  deficiency 
of  a  lip  or  lips. 

ACHEI'LUS,  Achi'lns:  same  etymon.  One 
who  is  without  lips. 

ACHEIR,  Achir,  De'manns,  from  o-,  privative, 
and  xciP-  'hand.'     One  devoid  of  hands. — Galen. 

ACHEI'RIA,  Achi'ria:  same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  devoid  of  hands. 

ACHEROIS,  Populus. 

ACHIA,  Achiar.  A  name  given  in  India  to 
the  pickled  shoots  of  the  bamboo. 

Achia,  Atchar. 

ACHIAR.  Achia. 

ACHIC'OLUM,  Achit'olns,  Hidrote'rion,  Su- 
da'rium,  Fornix,  Tholus,  Sudato'rium,  Su'datory, 
Stceating-house,  Sweating-bath.  The  ftoeativg- 
room  in  the  ancient  bagnios. 

ACHILLA,  Acheilia. 

ACHILLE,  TENDON  U,  AchiUis  t^ndo. 

ACHILLE'A  AGE'RATUM,  A.  visco'sa,  B„l- 
sami'ta  foemin'ea,  Eupato'rium  mes'ues,  Age'  ra- 
tum,  Cos'tus  horto'rum  minor,  Maudlin,  Maudlin 
Tansey  ;  (F.)  Achillee  Visquense ;  Ord.  Compo- 
site;  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  Super- 
flua, —  has  the  same  properties  as  tansey,  bitter 
and  aromatic,  and  is  used  in  like  affections. 

Achille'a  Atra'ta,  Herba  Geu'ipi  vcri,  (F.) 
Achillee  Noire,  has  similar  virtues. 

Achille'a  Millefolium,  Achille'a  Myritt- 
phyl'lon,  Chrysoc'oma,  Millefolium,  ChiliophyV- 
lon,  Lumbus  Ven'eris,  Common  Yarrow  or  Mil- 
foil. (F.)  J/illefeuille,  Hcrbe  aux  eharpentiers. 
The  leaves  and  flowers  have  an  aromatic  smell, 
and  a  rough,  bitterish,  somewhat  pungent  taste. 
They  have  been  used  in  dyspepsia,  flatulence, 
hemorrhage,  &c.  An  extract  of  the  plant,  made 
with  proof  spirit,  has  been  called  AchiUeV nnm  ; 
and  is  used  by  the  Italians  in  intermittent  fever. 

Achille'a  Moscha'ta,  an  Alpine  plant,  has 
been  esteemed  diaphoretic  and  vulnerary  (?)  A 
volatile  oil  called  Esprit  d'lva.  is  obtained  from 
it  in  Switzerland,  which  is  much  prized  for  its 
musky  odour.  It  is  said,  by  Merat  and  De  Lens, 
to  be  the  Geuipi  of  the  Savoyards,  which  is  usu- 
ally referred  to  Artemisia  rupestris. 

Achille'a  Ptar'mica,  Ptar'mica,  P.  Vulga'- 


AC  HILL  L  E  NOIRE 


ACID 


n't,      Pa> udo  ay' n  thrum,      Pyrethrnm     *>/' 
I),aco   tglvcrtria,    Tarckon    -  Stemofa- 

l"«,     Ih-nruii'cti/in    I'  ■■<■ 

I  P«/'ttl  - ■•//.     [F.)  //    b    i  fti  raver.     The 
Hid  flowers  have  a  hot,  biting  taste,  ap- 
proaahiog  thai   of  pyrethrnm.     Their  principal 
atory  and  Budogogne. 

ACBILLBA   V18OO8A,  A.  Agl  rniuiii. 

ACHILLEE  NOIRE,  Achillea  atrata  — «. 
Visqneute,  Achillea  ageratam. 

A<  HILLEINUM,  see  Aohillea  Millofolium. 

ACHILLE'IS.  A  beautiful  species  of  barley, 
mentioned  by  Theophrastas  and  Galen,  Balled 
laboorer.  The  deooction  was 
used  in  fevers  and  jaundice. — Hippocrates. 

ACHILLBUM,  Telepbeum. 

ACHIL'LIS  TENDO,  funis  Hippoc'ratis, 
sea  Chorda  Hippoc'ba.tis,  Gorda  metgna, 
-  loins,  (P.)  Tendon  d'A,hilie.  The  itrong 
tendoa  of  the  gastroenetnii  muscle-  above  the 
heel:  bo  called,  becaaae  it  was  the  onlj  miner- 
able  part  of  Achilles,  or  because  of  its  strength. 
See  Tendon. 

ACHILUS,  Acheilos. 

ACHIMBASSL  An  arehiater  or  ohief  of  phy- 
sicians. A  name  given,  at  Grand  Cairo,  to  a 
magistrate  who  licenses  physicians. 

ACHIR,  Acheir. 

ACHIRIA,  Acheiria. 

At  ill  rOLUS,  Achicolum. 

AC1II.YS.  Caligo. 

ACHMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella. 

ACHNE.  Lint.  See  Linteum.  Also,  small 
mneoufl  floccoli  seen  in  front  of  the  cornea. — 
Hippocrates. 

ACHOL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ^0X7,  'bile.' 
Deficiency  or  want  of  bile.     Also,  Asiatic  cholera. 

A'CIIOLUS:  same  etymon.  One  deficient  in 
bile. 

ACHOR,  PomgO  larvalis. 

ACHO'RES.  A  term  often  employed  by  the 
ancients  to  designate  both  erueta  lac' tea,  and 
small  superficial  ulcerations  on  the  skin  of  the 
face  and  head.     See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 

ACHOBBS  CAPITIS,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

A C 11 U  R 1 0  N  SCHONLEI N  I.  See  Porrigo  fa- 
\  osa 

ACHORISTUS,  from  a,  prir.,  and  xwpifa  'I 
separate.'  Any  sign  which  oecessarily  accompa- 
nies a  state  of  health  or  disease. 

ACHOD  KOU.  The  Caraib  name  for  a  species 
of  myrtle  used  in  dropsy. 

ACHRAS  AUSTRALIS,  Sapota  —  a.  Sapota, 
Bapota  —  a.  Zapota,  Sapota. 

A  < '  II  1' <  •  I.  Ackromatit'ti,  Achro'matx,  Achro'tni, 
from  <i,  privative,  and  ^pw/za,  'colour.'  Pale  indi- 
vidual-.—  Hippocrates.  It  is  nearly  synonymous 
with  An<i««/iut,  leipha'mi,  persons  without  colour; 
blood  • 

ACIIRO'MA,  Chloasma  album,  Leucopathfa 
partia'lit  acquufita.  Partial  privation  of  colour 
of  the  skin. 

ACHROM  ISIA,  Decoloration. 

ACHROM  \T1.  Achroi 

ACllKo.M  KT'IC,Achromat,icH9 :  same  etymon. 
A  lens,  so  constructed  as  to  correct  the  aberration 
of  refrangibility  of  common  lenses,  is  so  termed. 
The  Crgetnlliue  is  an  achromatic  Lena 

ACHROMATISTI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMA  l  0P81  K,  Achromatop'ty,  Chroma- 
tope*  udop'n'a,  Chromatometablep'eia,  Dytchroma- 
top'eia,  Parachro'ma,  Pteudochro'mia,  Parora'- 
tie,  Ftmis  de'color,  Colour  blindnea*,  Fdiopt'cv, 
Daftonitm,  from  a,  privative,  jymua,  'colour,' 
and  orrofttii,  'I  see.'  incapability  of  distinguish- 
ing colour-:  a  defect  situate  in  the  cerebral  part 
of  the  visual  organ.  Persona  so  circumstanced 
have  been  termed,  by  Mr.  Wbewell,  Idioptt.  See 
Acyanoblepsia  and  Anerythropsia, 


ACHROMI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMODERMIE,  see  Albino. 

ACHROMOTRWHOMIR,  see  Albino. 

A0HRY3TALL0DIAPHANIE,  bos  Cata- 
ract. 

ACHYLCSIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  \v\os, 
'juice,  chyle.'  Detective  ehylosis  or  formation 
Of  clivle. 

AGHYMO'SIS,   from   «,   privative,  and  ^t/zoj, 
'juice,  chyme.'      Detective  chymification. 
'  ACHYRAN'THEfl   KBPENS,  Rlice'brum  po- 
Iy<ji>>i"'id'x,    Forty    Knot  ;    indigcnoos. 
AinaranthacesB.      A    decoction    of  the   plant    u 
drunk  as  a  diuretic  in  dropsy,  ischuria.  Ac. 

ACHYR0DE8,  Aoerosma 

ACHYRON,  Furfur. 

A'CIA,  from  uku,  a  point.  A  word  used  by 
Celsus,  which  has  puszled  commentators, —  some 

believing  it  to   have   meant  a  needle;   other.-    the 

thread:   and    others,   again,    the   kind   of   suture. 

"Ado.  mo//iH,  Hon  iiiutis  torta," — Celsus,  Qalen. 

(Chifllet  thinks  it  meant  the  thread. — Antwerp, 
lfiSS.) 

ACID.  Ac"idun,  Oxys.  (F.)  Acide,  Aiyre,  from 
u*is.  aKiSoi,  'a  point:'  sharp;  sour;  especially  as 
applied  to  odorous  or  sapid  substances.  The 
French  also  use  the  term  aigre,  when  referring 
to  the  voice,  in  the  sense  of  sharp  and  shrill :  — 

as   tun    roi.r  aigre,   VOX  hk/k  rit. 

Acid,  Acetic,  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Acetic,  of 
commerce,  Pyroligneous  acid — a  Acetic,  dilute, 
see  Aceticum  acidum  —  a.  Acetous,  strong,  Ace- 
ticum acidum  —  a.  Aerial,  Carbonic  acid  —  a. 
Antimonious,  Antimonium  diaphoretic-urn  —  a. 
Arsenious,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Auric,  see  Cold 
—  a.  Azotic,  Nitric  acid  —  a.  Benzoic,  Benjamin, 
flowers  of — a.  Bensuric,  Hippuric  acid — a.  Bezo- 
ardic,  Uric  acid — a.  Boric.  Boracic  acid — a.  Cal- 
careous, Carbonic  acid — a.  Calculous,  Trie  acid. 

Acin,    Carbazot'ic,    Ac"idum    CarhoMot'icum, 

Garboni'tric  or  Picric  acid,    Welter's    Bitter,  (F.) 
Acide    Carbazotique.      This    acid    is    frequently 

formed  by  the  acti f  concentrated  nitric  acid 

on  animal  and  vegetable  tubetancee.     It,  as  well 

as  the  carbazotates,  IS  tonic  and  astringent. 

Acin,  Carbonaceous,  Carbonic  acid  —  a  Car- 
bonitric,  Acid  Carbasotio  —  a.  Carbonous,  Oxalic 
acid  —  a.  Caseic,  Lactic  acid  —  a.  Chromic,  Bee 
Chromic  acid — a.  Citric,  Citric  acid — a.  Cro tonic, 
see  Croton  tiglium— a.  Cyanhydrie,  Hydrocyanic 
acid — a.  Cyanobydric,  Hydrocyanic  acid— a.  Ga- 
lactic, Lactic  acid  —  a.  Gastric,  Gastric  juice. 

Acin,  Gallic,  Ac"idum  Gall'icnm.  (F.)  Acide 
Gallique.  This  acid  is  found  in  most  of  the  astrin- 
gent plants  that  contain  tannic  acid  of  the  kind 
obtained  from  galls.  It  is  in  delicate  silky  nee- 
dles, usually  somewhat  yellowish,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  harsh,  somewhat  astringent  taste.  It  dis- 
solves in  one  hundred  parts  of  cold  and  three 
parts  of  boiling  water.  It  is  very  soluble  in  alco- 
hol, and  but  slightly  so  in  ether. 

It  has  been  highly  extolled  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage, especially  from  the  urinary  organs  and 
uterua     Dose  from  ten  to  twenty  grains. 

The  last  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1S51)  directs  it  to  be  made  by  exposing  a  thin 
paste  of  powdered  gall*  and  distilled  water  tor  a 
month,  adding  the  water  from  time  to  time  to  pre- 
serve the  consistence;  expressing  the  paste; 
boiling  the  residue  in  distilled  water;  filtering 
through  animal  charcoal,  and  crystallising. 

Acin,  II  iiti  '  1:  ic.  A'"iduin  Hippu'ricnm,  Uro- 
ben'toic,  Vrino-bento'ic  or  Benxurie  mid.  An 
acid  found  in  the  urine  of  graminivorous  animals. 
It  is  contained  in  human  urine,  especially  after 
benzoic  acid  has  been  taken.      See  Hippuria. 

Acid,  Rtdriod"ic,  Ac"idtm  Hgdriod'icum. 
This  acid  is  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  iodide 
of  potassium  and  tartaric  acid;  filtering  the  liquor 


AC  IDE  ACETIQTJE  FAIBLE      2  8 


ACIDUM  ACETICUM 


to  separate  the  bitartrate  of  potassa,  and  adding 
water  to  make  the  resulting  hydriodic  acid  of 
definite  strength. 

It  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine  in  general,  but  is  rarely  em- 
ployed. 

Acid,  Hydrochloronitric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
— a.  Hydrocyanic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
cyanic, dilute,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
sulphuric,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Hydrothi- 
onic,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted— a.  Igasuric :  see 
Jatropha  curcas. 

Acid,  Iodic,  Ac"idum  Iod'icum,  (F.)  Acide 
Iodique.  This  is  obtained  by  boiling  iodine  with 
nitric  acid ;  or  by  decomposing  iodate  of  baryta 
by  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  a  white,  transpa- 
rent solid,  slightly  deliquescent,  and  very  soluble 
in  water.  It  has  been  given  with  sulphate  of 
quinia  in  hoarseness,  scrofula,  incipient  phthisis, 
chronic  inflammation,  syphilis,  etc.  Dose  three 
to  six  grains,  or  more. 

Acid,  Lactic,  see  Lactic  acid. 

Acid  of  Lemons,  Citric  acid — a.  Lithenic,  Uric 
acid — a.  Lithiasic,  Uric  acid— a.  Lithic,  Uric  acid 
— a.  Marine  Dephlogisticated,  Chlorine — a.  Lac- 
tic, Lactic  acid — a.  Marine  dulcified,  Spiritus 
aetheris  muriatici — a.  Mephitic,  Carbonic  acid — 
a.  of  Milk,  Lactic  acid — a.  Muriatic,  see  Muria- 
ticum  acidum — a.  Muriatic,  dilute,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Nanceic,  Lactic  acid — a.  Nitric,  see 
Nitric  acid — a.  Nitric,  dilute,  see  Nitric  acid — 
a.  Nitro-hydrochloric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  a. 
Nitro-muriatic,  see  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Ni- 
trous, dephlogisticated,  Nitric  acid — a.  Oxysep- 
tonic,  Nitric  acid — a.  Picric,  Acid,  carbazotic 
— a.  Polygalic,  see  Polygala  senega — a.  Prus- 
sic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Pyroligneous,  see  Ace- 
ticum  acidum — a.  Pyrolignic,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Rosacic,  see  Porphyruria — a.  of  Sorrel,  Oxa- 
lic acid — a.  of  Sugar,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sulphhydric, 
Hydrogen  sulphuretted — a.  Sulpho-hydric,  Hy- 
drogen sulphuretted  —  a.  Sulphuric,  see  Sul- 
phuric acid — a.  Tannic,  Tannin — a.  Uric,  Uric 
acid — a.  Urino-benzoic,  Acid,  hippuric — a.  Uro- 
benzoic,  A.  Hippuric — a.  Urous,  Uric  oxide — a. 
Urylic,  Uric  acid. 

ACIDE  ACETIQUE  FAIBLE,  see  Aceticum 
acidum — a.  Azotique,  Nitric  acid — a.  Boracique, 
Boracic  acid — a.  Chromiqne,  Chromic  acid — a. 
Gallique.  Acid,  gallic — o.  Hydrocyanique,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Hydrosulfurique,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted— a.  Iodique,  Acid,  iodic — a.  Lactique, 
Lactic  acid — a.  Nitrique,  Nitric  acid — a.  Phos- 
phorique,  Phosphoric  acid — a.  Prussique,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Pyroacetique,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Pyrolignique,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Sulfa- 
reux,  Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulfurique,  Sulphuric 
acid — a.  Sulfurique  delaye,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
dilutum  —  a.  Tannique,  Tannin  —  a.  Tartrique, 
Tartaric  acid — a.  Lrique,  Uric  acid. 

ACIDITATIO,  Acidities. 

ACID'ITIES,  Aco'res,  Acidita'tio,  Ac"idum 
morbo'sum  seu  prima'rum  via' rum,  Ox'ytes,  Sordes 
ac'idce,  (F.)  Aigreurs.  Sourness  of  the  stomach, 
the  result  of  indigestion,  indicated  by  acid  eruc- 
tations, etc.  The  affection  is  very  common  in 
children,  and  must  be  obviated  by  absorbents, 
as  ma?nesia,  chalk,  etc.,  and  by  regulated  diet. 

ACIDOLOG"IA,  from  ukis,  aicihos,  'a  point,  a 
sharp  instrument,'  and  \oyos,  'a  description/  A 
description  of  surgical  instruments. 

ACIDOM'ETER,  (F.)  Acidometre,  Pese-acide, 
from  acid,  and  iierpov,  'measure.'  A  hydrometer 
for  determining  the  density  of  acids. 

ACIDS,  Ac"ida,  Aco'res,  are  liquid,  solid,  or 
gaseous  bodies,  possessed  of  a  sour,  more  or  less 
caustic  taste,  and  the  principal  character  of  which 
is  the  capability  of  saturating,  wholly  or  in  part, 
the  alkaline  properties  of  bases. 


Acids,  in  general,  are  refrigerant  and  antisep- 
tic. Their  particular  uses  are  pointed  out  under 
the  individual  articles. 

To  ACID'ULATE,  (F.)  Aiguiser,  Aciduler. 
To  render  acidulous,  or  slightly  acid. 

ACID'ULOUS,  Acid'idus,  Suba"cidus,  Oxo'des, 
Oxo'i'des,  (F.)  Acidule,  Aigrelet.  Substances  are 
so  called  which  possess  a  sourish  taste,  as  tama- 
rinds, cream  of  tartar,  etc. 

Acidulous  Fruits.  Oranges,  gooseberries,  etc. 

Acidulous  Waters,  Aquae  AcidulcB.  Mineral 
waters  containing  carbonic  acid  gas  sufficient  to 
render  them  sourish.     See  Waters,  mineral. 

Acidulous  Water,  Simple,  Aqua  Ac"idi  Car- 
bon'ici  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Aqua  a'eris  Jixi  seu  acid'- 
ula  simplex,  Liquor  seu  Aqua  Sodce  efferves'cens, 
Aqua  Carbona 'tis  Soda  acid'ula,  Soda  water,  Mi- 
neral icater,  (F.)  Eau  acidule  sinqile,  is  water 
impregnated  with  fixed  air. 

Water,  so  impregnated,  is  cooling  and  slightly 
stimulating.  It  is  used  beneficially  in  dyspepsia, 
and  in  cases  of  vomiting,  etc. 

ACIDUM  ACETICUM,  Aceticum  acidum— a. 
Aceticum  aromaticum,  Acetum  aromaticum — a. 
Aceticum  camphoratum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — 
a.  Aceticum  dilutum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — a. 
Aceticum  e  Ligno  venale,  Pyroligneous  acid — a. 
Aceticum  einpyreumaticuin,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Aceticum  glaciale,  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Ace- 
ticum Scilliticum,  Acetum  scillse — a.  Acetosella?, 
Oxalic  acid — a.  Acetosum,  Acetum — a.  Allantoi- 
cum,  Allantoic  acid — a.  Amnicum,  Amniotic  acid 
— a.  Arsenicosum,  Arsenious  acid — a.  Arsenio- 
sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsenicum  album — a.  Azoticum, 
Nitric  acid — a.  Benzoicum,  Benjamin,  Flowers 
of — a.  Benzoylicum,  Benzoin,  Flowers  of — a. 
Boracicum,  Boracic  acid — a.  Borussieum,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Carbazoticum,  Acid,  carbazotic — 
a.  Carbonicum,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Citricum,  Citric 
acid — a.  Gallicum,  Acid,  gallic — a.  Hydriodicum, 
Acid,  hydriodic  —  a.  Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic 
acid — a.  Hydrochloricum,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
a.  Hydrocyanicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
cyanicum  dilutum,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a. 
Hydrothionicum  liquidum,  see  Hydrosulphuretted 
water — a.  Iodicum,  Acid,  iodic — a.  Jatrophicum, 
see  Jatropha  curcas — a.  Lacticum,  Lactic  acid — 
a.  Ligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Ligni  pyro- 
oleosum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Lignorum  empy- 
reumaticum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Limonis,  Ci- 
tric acid — a.  Lithicum,  Uric  acid — a.  Marinum 
concentratum,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a.  Morbo- 
sum,  Acidities — a.  Muriaticum,  Muriaticum  aci- 
dum— a.  Muriaticum  dilutum,  Muriaticum  acidum 
—  a.  Muriaticum  nitroso-oxygenatum,  Nitro- 
muriatic  acid  —  a.  Nitri,  Nitric  acid  —  a.  Nitri 
dulcificatum,  Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici — a.  Nitri- 
cum,  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitricum  dilutum,  Nitric 
acid — a.  Nitro-muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — 
a.  Oxalinum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Phosphoricum, 
Phosphoric  acid  —  a.  Picricum,  Acid,  carbazotic 
— a.  Primarum  viarum,  Acidities — a.  Prussicum, 
Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a.  Pyroaceticum,  Pyrolig- 
neous acid — a.  Pyroligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Pyroxylicum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Querci- 
tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Sacchari,  Oxalic  acid — a. 
Saccharinum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Salis,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Salis  culinaris,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
a.  Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Scytode- 
phicum,  Tannin — a.  Septicum,  Nitric  acid — a. 
Succinicum,  Succinic  acid — a.  Sulphuricum,  Sul- 
phuric acid — a.  Sulphuricum  alcoolisatum,  Elixir 
acidum  Halleri  —  a.  Sulphuricum  aromaticum, 
Sulphuric  acid,  aromatic — a.  Sulphuricum  dilu- 
tum, Sulphuric  acid,  diluted — a.  Sulphuris  vola- 
tile, Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulphurosicum,  Sulphu- 
rous acid — a.  Tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Tartari  es- 
sentiale,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Tartaricum,  Tartaric 
acid — a.  Tartarosum,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Uricum, 


ACIDURGIA 


20 


ACONITUM 


Uric  acid— a.  Urolithicum,  Uric  acid — a.  Vitrio- 
licum,   Sulphuric  acid  — a.   Yitriolicum   aromati- 
cum,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromatieum —  a.   \  U 
triolicuui  alcohole  aroiuaticum,  Sulphuricum  aci- 
dum iromationm — a.  Yitriolicum  vinosum,  Elixir 
acidum  Halleri — a.  Zooticum.  Hydrocyanic  acid 
— a.  Eootinicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid. 
ACIDURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 
ACIER,  Chalybs. 
AGIES,  Chalybs— a.  Digitorum  manus,  Pha- 

i  the  fingers — a.  Diuxna,  Heineralopia. 
ACINE,  Acinus. 

A  <' INK'S  I  A,  Acine'aia,  Akinesia,  ImmobiVi- 
tm»,  Quiet,  Requite,  Btquit/tio,  Etytih'ia,  Erem'ia, 
from  m,  privative,  and  mvntif,  'motion,'  kivcu),  'I 
more.'  Rest  Immobility.  Also,  the  interval 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart — 
I'arasi/s'tn/r. 

Under  the  term  Aetaeses,  Romberg  includes 
the  paralytic  neuroses,  or  tbOBfl  tlmt  are  charac- 
terized by  delect  of  motive  power. 

ACINI  OF  MALPIGIII,  Corpora  Malpig- 
hiana. 

ACINIFORMIS  (TUNICA),  Choroid,  Uvea. 
ACINUS,  A.  glandulo'eue,  from  ac"  inns,  'a 
grape-stone,'  (F.)  Acine.     A  glandiform  eorput- 
cle,    in    which    secretion    was    supposed    to    take 
place,  and  the  excretory  radicle  to  arise.     Acini 
are  the  glob'uli  arteria'rum  ter'mini  of  Nichols. 
The  term  ac"ini  glemdulo'ti  has  also  been  given 
to  glands  which,  like  the  pancreas,  are  arranged, 
U  it  were,  in  clusters.     Glands  thus  formed  have 
been  called  glan'dulce  acino'sce.     See  Lobule. 
ACIPENSER,  see  Ichthyocolla. 
ACIURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 
ACLEITROCARDIA,  Cyanopathy. 
ACMAS'TICUS,  from  oKun,  'the  top,' and  craw, 
'I  remain.'     A  fever  which  preserves  an  equal 
degree  of  intensity  throughout  its  course.     It  is 
also  called  Bbmot'onot.     The  Greeks  gave  it  the 
name  of  Epacmat'ticot,  and  Syn'ochos,  when  it 
went  on  increasing,  and  Paracmas'ticos,  when  it 
decreased. — Galen. 

ACME,  Vigor,  Cor'yphe,  Culmina'tio,  Statu*, 
Fa*l!<i"ium.  The  period  of  a  disease  at  which 
the  symptoms  are  most  violent.  Arche,  Apxi,  is 
'the  commencement;'  anab'asis,  avafiaou,  'the 
period  of  increase;'  and  acme,  aKpn,  'the  height,' 
(F.)  E<«t. 

ACMELLA,   Spilanthus  acmella — a.  Mauriti- 
ana,  Spilanthus  acmella. 
ACMON,  Incus. 

ACNE,  Acna,  Ton' thus  varus.  Yam*,  Psydra'cia 
ArftP,  Stone  Pock,  Whelk,  Jiubucle,  (F.)  Acne", 
Dartre  pustuleuse  ditaiminie.  A  small  pimple 
or  tubercle  on  the  face.  —  Gomeus.  Foe'sius 
thinks  the  word  ought  to  be  Acme ;  and,  accord- 
ing to  Cassius,  it  is.  at  all  events,  derived  from 
aKfirj,  'vigour;'  the  disease  affecting  those  in  the 
vigour  of  life  especially. 

Wilkin  and  Bateman  have  adopted  the  term  in 
their  Nosology  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  placed 
it  to  the  order  Tibkrcula.  Acne,  with  them,  is 
an  eruption  of  distinct,  hard,  inflamed  tubercles, 
Sometimes  continuing  for  a  considerable  length 
of  time,  and  sometimes  suppurating  slowly  and 
partially.  They  usually  appear  on  the  forehead, 
temples,  and  chin,  and  are  common  to  both  sexes  : 
but  the  most  severe  forms  are  seen  in  young  men. 
Tbey  require  but  Little  management,  and  consist 
of  four  varieties  :  Atne  indura'ta,  A.  timplex, 
(ffaploiicni),  A»  puneta'ta  (Ion'tkut  vorua  punc- 
ta'tua,  PuhcUb  mueo'ttt,  Crino'ntt,  Comtdo'net 
or  Maggot  Pimple,  (Forms,  Orubt)t  and  A.  rosa'- 
cea. — See  Gotta  Rosea. 

Acmk  Mi;\t\i;i;.i,  Sycosis — a.  Rosacea,  Ghitta 
Rosea  —  a.  of  the  Throat,  Pharyngitis,  follicu- 
lar. 


ACNE'MIA,  Akin'mia,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kvrjfir],  'the  leg.'     Absence  of  legs. 

ACNE,  Acne — a,  MolhuecUde,  Molluscum. 
ACNES'TIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kvactv,  'to 
scratch.'  The  part  of  the  spine  which  extends, 
in  quadrupeds,  from  between  the  shoulders  to  the 
loins.  According  to  Pollux,  the  middle  of  the 
loins.     The  vertebral  column. 

ACNESTOS,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 
ACOK,  Audition,  Ear. 

ACGJ'LIOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Koi\ta,  'belly.' 
Devoid  of  belly.     One  who  is  so  emaciated  as  to 
appear  to  have  no  belly. — Galen. 
ACOEMETER,  Acoumeter. 
ACOEMETRUM,  Acoumeter. 
ACOENOSI,  Aconusi. 
AC0KS1S,  Audition. 
ACOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia. 
ACOLASIA,  Intemperance. 
ACOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 
ACONE,  Mortar. 

ACONIT  A   U HANDS  FLEURS,  Aconitum 
cammarum — a.  Salutaire,  Aconitum  anthora. 
ACONITA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 
ACONITE,  Aconitum. 

ACONITI  FOLIA,  see  Aconitum— a.  Radix, 
sec  Aconitum. 

ACONITIA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 
ACONITIN,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 
ACONITINE,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 
ACONITIUM,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 
ACONI'TUM,  from  Ac'one,  a  place  in  Bithy- 
nia,  where  it  is  common.     Cynoc'tonon,  Parda- 
lian'chee,   Pardalian'chum,    Oanici'da,    Ac'onite, 
Wolfsbane,     Monkshood.       Ord.    Rauunculaceaj. 
Sex.  Sy*t.    Polyandria  Trigynia. 

Aconitum,  Aconite,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  1842,  is  the  leaves  of  Aconi- 
tum napellus,  and  A.  paniculatum.  In  the  last 
edition,  1851,  Aconiti  folia  is  the  officinal  Dame 
for  the  leaves,  Aconiti  radix  for  that  of  the 
root. 

Aconi'tum  An'thora,  A.  Salutiferum  sou 
Nemoro'sum  seu  Candol'lei  sen  Jacqnini  aeu  Eu'lo- 
phum  SOU  Anthoroideum,  An'thora  vulga' ris,  An'- 
thora, Antith'ora,  Sal'utarv  Monkshood,  Whole- 
some Wolfsbane,  Yelloic  helmet  /loicer,  (F.)  Aconit 
salutaire.  The  root  of  this  variety,  as  of  all  the 
rest,  is  poisonous.  It  is  used  as  a  cathartic  and 
anthelmintic.     Dose  ^ss  to  ^j. 

Aconitum  Anthoroidkum,  A.  anthora. 
Aconi'tum    Cam'marum,   A.  panieula'tum,  A. 
macran'thum,     A.     Kusnczo'vii,     (F.)     Aconit     <1 
grands  feura,  resembles  Aconitum   Napellus  in 
properties. 

Aconitum  Candollei,  A.  anthora — a.  Eulo- 
phum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconitum  Ferox,  amostviolentranunculaceous 
poison,  which  grows  in  Nepaul,  and  is  the  Bieh 
or  Bikh  poison  of  that  country.  Its  effects  are 
like  those  of  the  Aconitum  Napellus. 

Aconitum  Jacquini,  A.  anthora — a.  Kusnezovii, 
A.  cammarum — a.  Mrtcranthum,  A.  cammarum. 

Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Aconi'tum  Napel'lve 
verus,  Common  Monkshood  or  Wolfabane,  A.  ff  - 

omonta' Hum,  (F.)  Chaperon  de  Moine.  The  leaves 
are  narcotic,  sudorific,  and  deobstruent  (?)  Thoy 
have  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  scrofula, 
scirrhus,  paralysis,  amaurosis,  etc.  The  active 
principle  is  called  Aeonit'ia,  Aconiti' na,  Aconi'ta, 
Aconit' ium  or  Aconitine.  A  form  for  its  prepara- 
tion is  contained  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1S51).  It  is 
made  by  treating  an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root 
with  dilute  aulphuric  acid;  precipitating  by  solu- 
tion of  ammonin  ;  dissolving  the  precipitate  in 
dilute  aulphuric  acid;  treating  with  animal  ehar- 
U  coal;  again  precipitating  with  solution  of  ammo- 


ACOXUSI 


30 


ACRID 


tiki ;  washing  with  water,  and  drying.  It  re- 
quires 150  parts  of  cold  and  50  of  boiling  water 
to  dissolve  it,  but  is  readily-  dissolved  by  alcohol 
and  ether.  It  neutralizes  the  acids,  and  forms 
with  them  uncrystallizable  salts.  It  has  been 
used  internally,  and  especially  applied  exter- 
nally, in  neuralgic  cases,  iatraleptically  and  en- 
dermically.     Dose  of  Aconitum,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

AcoNiTor  Xemorosum,  A.  anthora — a.  Xeo- 
inuntanuin,  A.  napellus — a.  Paniculatum,  A.  cam- 
marum — a.  Raeemosuin,  Actaaa  spicata — a.  Salu- 
tiferum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconitum  U-vcixa'tum,  Wild  Monkshood,  in- 
digenous, is  said  to  have  similar  virtues  with 
Aconitum  napellus. 

ACOXU'SI,    Acoen'osi,   Acoon'osi,   from   aKon, 
'audition,'  and  vovaos,  'disease.'     Morbi  au'rium 
et  audi'tus.     Diseases  of  the  ear  and  audition. 
ACOOXOSI,  Aconusi. 

AC'OPIS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Pliny 
gives  this  name  to  a  precious  stone,  which  was 
boiled  in  oil  and  used  against  weariness. 

AC'OPON,  from  a,  privative,  and  koxos,  'weari- 
ness.' A  remedy  against  weariness — Foesius,  Gor- 
raeus,  <fec.  Ac'vpum, — Celsus,  Pliny.  SeeAnagyris. 
ACOPRIA,  Constipation. 
ACOPROSIS,  Constipation. 
ACOR  BEXZOIXUS,  Benjamin  — a.  Boraci- 
cus,  Boracic  acid — a.  Succineus,  Succinic  acid — 
a.  Sulphuris,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Tartaricus,  Tar- 
taric acid. 

ACORE  BATARD,  Iris  pseudacorus  —  a. 
Faux,  Iris  pseudacorus  —  a.  Odurant,  Acorus 
calamus. 
ACORES,  Acids,  and  Acidities. 
ACOR'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kopzw,  'I  sa- 
tiate.' An  inordinate  or  canine  appetite. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

ACORI'TES.  A  wine  made  of  Acorns. — Dios- 
corides. 

ACOR'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kopp.os, 
'trunk.'     A  monster  devoid  of  a  trunk. — Gurlt. 

ACORX,  JUPITER'S,  Fagus  castanea  — a. 
Oily,  Guilandina  moringa  —  a.  Sardinian,  Fagus 
cutanea. 

ACORNS.  See  Quercus  alba. 
ACORUS  ADULTERIXUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 
Ac'ORCS  Cal'amcs.  A.  Vents  seu  Brazilien'sis, 
Cal'amus  Aromat'icns  seu  Odora'tus  seu  Vulga'- 
rf*,  Ti/pha  Aromat'  ica,  Clava  Rugo'sa,  Sweet  flag 
or  Ac'orus,  Flagroot,  Sweet  cane,  Myrtle  Flag, 
Sweet  grafts,  Sweet  root,  Sweet  rush.  (F.)  June 
roseau  ou  Canne  aromatique,  Acore  odorant. 
Ord.  Aroidea?  ;  Acoraceae.  (Lindley.)  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  The  rhizoma — Calamus 
(Ph.  U.  S. — is  stomachic  and  carminative,  but  is 
rarely  used.  It  is  regarded  as  a  good  adjuvant 
to  bark  and  quinia  in  intermittents. 

Acorcs  Palustris,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Vul- 
garis. Iris  pseudacorus. 
ACOS.  Medicament 

ACOS'MIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  kocuos,  'or- 
der, ornament.'  Disorder,  irregularity  in  the 
critical  days,  according  to  Galen,  who  uses  the 
word  Koafios  for  regularity  in  those  days.  Others, 
and  particularly  Pollux,  call  bald  persons  qkoouoi, 
because  they  are  deprived  of  one  of  their  most 
beautiful  ornaments. 

ACOU'METER,  Aeou'dm'eter,  Acoem'eter,  Aco- 
em'etrum,  Acu' meter,  Acusim'eter,  (F.)  Acoumi>tre, 
from  aKow,  'I  hear.'  and  utrpov,  'measure.'  An 
instrument  designed  by  ML  Itard  for  measuring 
the  degree  of  hearing. 

ACOUMETRE,  Acoumeter. 
ACOUOPHO'XTA,    Copho'nia;     from    ukovw, 
'I  hear,'  and  ^v^,  'voice,'   "Auscultatory  Per- 
cus'sion."     A  mode  of  auscultation,  in  which  the 


observer  places  his  ear  on  the  chest,  and  analyzes 
the  sound  produced  by  percussion. — Donue. 

ACOUS'MA,  an  imaginary  noise.  Depraved 
sense  of  hearing. 

ACOUS'TIC,  Acus'ticus,  (F.)  Acoustique.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  ear;  as  Acoustic  nerve, 
Acoustic  trumpet. 

Acoustic  Medicine  is  one  used  in  diseased 
audition. 

ACOUSTICO-MALLEEX,  Laxator  tympani. 

ACOUS'TICS,  Acus'tica.  (F.)  Acoustique.  The 
part  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  theory  of 
sounds.     It  is  also  called  Phonics. 

ACOUSTIQUE,  Acoustic,  Acoustics. 

ACQUA  BIXELLI,  Aqua  Binellii  — a.  Broc- 
chieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii  —  a.  Monterossi,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  a.  di  Xapoli,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a. 
della  Toffana,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

ACQUETTA,  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 

ACQUI.  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.  •These 
thermal  sulphureous  springs  are  in  Piedmont. 
Their  temperature  is  167°  Fahr.,  and  they  con- 
tain sulphohydric  acid  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morbi  acquis' iti, 
M.  adcenti'tii,  M.  epicte'ti.  Adventitious  diseases. 
(F.)  Maladies  acquises.  Diseases  which  occur 
after  birth,  and  which  are  not  dependent  upon 
hereditary  predisposition. 

ACRAI'PALA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpama^n, 
'drunkenness.'  Remedies  against  the  effects  of 
a  debauch. — Gorraeus. 

ACRA'LEA,  from  axpus,  'extremity.'  The  ex- 
treme parts  of  the  body,  as  the  head,  hands,  feet, 
nose,  ears,  &c.  —  Hippocrates  and  Galen.  See 
Acrea, 

ACRA'XIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpaviov,  'the 
cranium.'     Want  of  cranium,  wholly  or  in  part. 

ACRA'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  or  'bad,'  and 
Kpaois,  '  mixture.'  Intemperance.  Excess  of  any 
kind.     Surfeit. 

It  has  been  employed  to  denote  debility,  syno- 
nymously with  Acratia;  but  this  may  have  been 
a  typographical  inaccuracy. 

ACRATI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kparos, 
'strength.'     Impotence;  weakness,  fainting. 

ACRATIS'MA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kt^av- 
vu/h,  '  to  mix.'  A  breakfast,  consisting  of  bread 
|  steeped  in  wine,  not  mixed  with  water. — Galen, 
Athenaeus. 

ACRATOM'ELI,  from  aKparov,  'pure  wine,' 
and  ut\i,  '  honey.'     Wine  mixed  with  honey. 

ACRATOPE'GiE,  Akratope'ga>,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, Kparos,  '  strength,'  and  irnyri,  '  a  spring.' 
Mineral  waters  having  no  marked  chemical  qua- 
lities. 

ACRATOPOS'IA,  from  acratum,  and  roan, 
'  drink.'    The  drinking  of  pure  or  unmixed  wine 

A'CRATUM.  aKparov,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kparos,  '  strength.'  Unmixed  wine,  Acratum 
vinum,    Vinnm  merum. 

ACRATURE'SIS,  from  acratia,  'weakness,' 
and  ovprjois,  from  ovpov,  '  urine,'  '  the  act  of  dis- 
charging the  urine.'  Inability  to  void  the  urine, 
from  paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

ACRE.     The  extremity  or  tip  of  the  nose. 

A'CREA,  Acrote'ria,  from  aKpos,  'the  summit.' 
Th  e  extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  feet,  hands, 

■  ears,  &c. 

Also  the  extreme  parts  of  animals  that  are  used 
as  food,  Acroco'lia. 

ACRID,  from  aKf.os,  'pointed,'  or  from  ants,  'a 
j1  point,'  Acer.     An  epithet  for  substances   which 

■  occasion  a  disagreeable  sense  of  irritation  or  of 
|  constriction  at  the  top  of  the  throat. 

Acrid  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur  acre,  is  one  that  causes 
I  a  hot  tingling  sensation  at  the  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Acrid  Poison',  See  Poison. 
I      Acrids,  in  Pathology,  are  certain  imaginary 


ACRIDOPIIAGI 


31 


ACT.EA   CIMICIFUGA 


substances,  supposed  by  the  humourists  to  exist 
in  the  humours,  and  to  cause  various  diseases. 
Bee  Acrimony. 

ACRIDOPH'AGI,froma<cp(f,a*p«W,  'a locust,' 
and  <^uyu>,  '  I  eat,'  Locust-eaters.  Acridophagous 
tribes  are  said  to  exist  in  Africa. — Strabo. 

ACRIMONY,  Acu'iUu,  Am'mo'nia,  from  acer, 
'  acrid,'  olkis,  'a  point.'  Acrimony  of  the  humours. 
An  imaginary  acrid  change  of  the  blood,  lymph, 
Ac,  which,  by  the  humourists,  was  conceived  to 
cause  many  diseases. 

A< 'KIN'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  *.ptvu>,  'I 
separate.'  A  diminution  in  the  quantity,  or  a 
total  suspension,  of  the  secretions. 

A  ORIS,  a  sharp  bony  prominence.  Also,  the 
locust. 

ACRI'SIA,  Acri'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kpian,  'judgment.'  A  condition  of  disease,  in 
which  no  judgment  can  be  formed;  or  in  which 
an  unfavourable  opinion  must  be  given. — Hipp, 
and  Galen. 

ACRISIS,  Acrisia. 

ACRIT'ICAL,  Acrritos,  (F.)  Acritique,  from  a, 
privative,  and   *pi<ns,   'judgment.'     That  which 
takes  place  without  any  crisis,  or  which  does  not 
foretell  a  crisis  ;  as  a  critical  symptom,  abscess,  <fcc. 
ACRITOS,  Acritical. 
ACRIVIOLA,  Tropaeolum  majus. 
ACROBYS'TIA,  Acropos'tkia,  from  aicpos,  'top,' 
and  ,Juu),  '  I  cover.'  The  extremity  of  the  prepuce. 
— Hippocrates.  Rufus. 

ACROBYSTITIS,  Posthitis. 
ACROCHEIR',  Acrochir',  Acrocheir'on,  from 
aicpos,   '  extremity,'   and   xaP>   ' tne  band.'     The 
forearm  and  hand. — Gomeus.     Also,  the  hand. 

ACROCHOR'DON,  from  aicpos,  'extremity,' 
and  x°P?>i>  'a  string.'  A  tumour  which  hangs  by 
a  pedicle.  A  kind  of  hard  wart,  Verru'ca  pens' - 
His. — Aetius,  Celsus. 

ACROCHORIS'MUS,  from  axpog,  'extremity,' 
and  xopcvu,  '  I  dance.'     A  kind  of  dance,  with 
the  ancients,  in  which   the  arms  and  legs  were 
violently  agitated. 
ACROCOLIA,  Acrea. 
ACROCOLIUM,  Acromion. 
ACROD'RYA,    from    a/cpoy,  'extremity,'  and 
tpvs,    'a    tree.'     Autumnal    fruits,    as    nuts,   ap- 
ples, &c. 

ACRODYN'IA,     Erythe'ma     acrod'ynum,     E. 
acrodyn'ia,  Ohiropodal'gia,   (F.)  Acrodynie,  Mai 
de*  pied*  tt  de$  mains,  from  axpos,  'extremity,' 
and  oSvvn,    '  pain.'      A   painful   affection   of  the 
wrists  and  ankles  especially,  which  appeared  in 
Paris  as  an  epidemic,  in  1828  and  1S29.    It  was 
supposed  by  some  to  be  rheumatic,  by  others  to 
be  owing  to  spinal  irritation.    It  appears  to  have 
been  the  same  as   Dengue. 
ACROLENION,  Olecranon. 
ACROMASTItJM,  Nipple. 
A<  KOMI  A,  Acromion. 

A<  UO'MIAL,  Acromia'lis.  Relating  to  the 
Acromion. 

Acromial  Ar'tert,  External  Scap'vlar,  A. 
Arte'ria  Thorac"ica  humera'lis,  Artere  troisiime 
des  Thoraciques, —  (Ch.)  A.  Thoracique  hume- 
rale,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  axillary 
artery,  opposite  the  upper  edge  of  the  pectoral  is 
minor.  It  divides  into  two  branches:  one, ante- 
rior; the  other,  inferior, — the  branches  of  which 
are  distributed  to  the  subclavius,  serratu*  major 
anticus,  first  intercostal,  deltoid,  and  pectoralis 
major  muscles,  as  well  as  to  the  shoulder  joint, 
<fcc.  They  anastomose  with  the  superior  scapular, 
thoracic,  and  circumflex  arteries. 

Ac  it  o  M  i  a  l  X  b  ■  v  i  b,  Nervi  aeromia'lee. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  acromial  region. 


Acromial  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  as 
the  arterv. 

At  KU'MIO-CORACOI'DEUS.  Belonging  to 
the  acromion  and  coracoid  process. 

The  triangular  ligament  between  the  acromion 
and  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula  is  so  called. 

ACRO'MION,  Acro'mium,  Acro'min,  Acro'mis, 
from  axpoi,  'the  top,'  and  wpos,  'the  shoulder.' 
Os  Acro'mii,  Hu' merits  summit*,  Annus  summit*, 
Mucro  hu'meri,  Host  rum  purci'num,  Caput  Seap'- 
uIcb,  Acroco'lium.  The  process  which  terminates 
the  spine  of  the  scapula,  and  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicle. 

ACROMIS,  Acromion. 

ACROMP1IALIUM,  Acromphalon. 

A C  R  0  M'P  H  ALON,  Aerompha'Uum,  from 
axpog,  'the  top,'  and  outputs,  'the  navel.'  The 
extremity  of  the  umbilical  cord,  which  remains 
attached  to  the  fcetus  after  birth. 

ACROMYLE.  Patella. 

ACRO-NARCOTIC,  See  Poison. 

A'CRONYX,  from  axpos,  'the  summit,'  and 
ovv%,  '  the  nail.'     Growing  in  of  the  nail. 

ACROPARAL'YSIS,  from  a^os,  'extremity,' 
and  -napaXvatg,  'palsy;'  Paral' ysis  txtrcmita'tum, 
Palsy  of  the  extremities. — Fuchs. 

ACROPOSTHIA,  Acrobystia. 

ACROPOSTHITIS,  Posthitis. 

ACROPSI'LON,  from  ctKpos,  'extremity,' and 
uVtXof, '  naked.'    The  extremity  of  the  glans  penis. 

ACRORIA,  Vertex. 

ACRORRHEU'M  A,  SheumatWmua  extremUu1- 
tum,  from  axpos, '  extremity,'  audpevua,  'defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  extremities. 

ACROS,  axpos,  'extremity,  top.'  The  strength 
of  the  Athletai,  and  of  diseases  ;  the  prominences 
of  bones  ;  the  extremities  of  the  fingers,  &c.  Bee 
Acrocheir,  Acromion,  &c. 

ACROSTICHUM  POLYPODIOIDES,  Poly- 
podium  incanum. 

ACROTERIA,  Acrea.     See  Extremity. 

ACROTERIASIS,  Acroteriasmus. 

ACROTERIAS'MUS,  Aeroteri'arie,  from  a*po- 
Tnpta,  'the  extremities;'  hence  aKpornpta^itv.  'to 
mutilate.'     Amputation  of  the  extremities. 

ACROTHYM'ION,  from  axpos,  'top.'  and 
Svuov,  'thyme.'  A  kind  of  conical,  rugous,  bloody 
wart,  a  "  moist  wart,"  compared  by  Celsus  to  the 
Mower  of  thyme. 

ACROT'ICA,  from  a*po?,  '  summit.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  excernent  functions  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  body. 

Pravity  of  the  fluids  or  emunctories  that  open 
on  the  external  surface  ;  without  fever  or  other 
internal  affection  as  a  necessary  accompaniment. 

The  3d  order  of  the  class  Eccrit'ica  of  Good. 

ACROTISMUS,  Asphyxia. 

ACT,  Actus,  from  actum,  past  participle  of 
agere,  '  to  do,'  '  a  thing  done.'  The  effective  ex- 
ercise of  a  power  or  faculty.  The  action  of  an 
agent.  Acre  is  used  by  the  French,  to  signify 
the  public  discussion,  which  occurs  in  supporting 
a  thesis; — thus,  soutenir  un  Acte  aux  E coles  de 
Medccine,  is,  'to  defend  a  Thesis  in  the  Schools 
of  Medicine.' 

ACTA,  Gcsta. 

ACT^EA  CIMICIFUGA,  A.  racemosa. 

ActjK'a  Racemo'sa,  A.  Gimieif'uga,  Cimicif- 
iiya  racemo'sa,  Macro' trys  racemo'sa,  Bot'rophis 
Serpenta'ria  (?),  Serpentafria  nigra,  Black enake- 
root,  Richweed,  Cohoeh,  Squaw  mat,  Rattleweed, 

I  JJlack  Cohosh.  (F.)  Avtee  d  grappee,  Serpent  aire 
noire.  Ord.  Ranunculaceao.  Sex.  Sget.  Polyan- 
dria  Pentagynia.  A  common  plant  in  the  United 
States.  The  root,  Cimicif'uga  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  as- 
tringent :  and,  according  to  Barton,  has  been 
successfully  used,  in  the  form  of  a  decoction,  is 
a  gargle  in  putrid  sore  throat.     A  decoction  of 

II  the  root  cures  the  itch.     It  is  aero-narcotic,  and 


ACTE 


32 


ADDUCENS  OCULI 


has  been  used  in  rheumatism,  acute  and  chronic ; 
chorea,  <fcc. 

ActjE'a  Spica'ta,  Christophoria'na  spica'ta, 
Aconi'tum  racemo'sum,  Baneberry,  Herb  Chris'- 
topher.  (F.)  Herbe  St.  Christophe.  A  perennial 
herbaceous  European  plant,  the  root  of  which 
resembles  that  of  the  black  hellebore.  The  root 
is  cathartic,  and  sometimes  emetic,  and  in  over- 
doses may  produce  dangerous  consequences. 

Actce'a  America'na,  of  which  there  are  two 
varieties,  A.  alba  and  A.  rubra, — white  and  red 
cohosh, — is  indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  spicata. 

ACTE,  Sambucus. 

ACTE,  Act. 

AC  TEE  d  GRAPPES,  Actsea  racemosa. 

AC  TIF,  Active. 

ACTIO,  Action,  Function. 

ACTION,  Ac'tio,  Opera'tio,  Energi'a,  Praxis  : 
from  agere,  actum,  '  to  act.'  Mode  in  which  one 
object  influences  another. 

The  animal  actions  are  those  that  occur  in  the 
animal  body :  the  vital,  those  that  are  essential 
to  life  :  the  physiological,  those  of  a  healthy  cha- 
racter :  the  pathological  or  morbid,  those  that 
occur  in  disease,  &c.  The  ancients  divided  the 
physiological  actions  into  vital,  animal,  natural, 
sexual,  particular,  general,  &c.     See  Function. 

ACTIONES  NATURALES,  see  Function. 

ACTIVE,  same  etymon.  Dras'ticus,  Acti'vus, 
Sthen'icus,  Hypersthen'icus.  (F.)  Actif.  This 
adjective  is  used,  in  Pathology,  to  convey  the  idea 
of  superabundant  energy  or  strength.  Active 
symptoms,  e.  g.  are  those  of  excitement.  In  The- 
rapeutics, it  signifies  energetic : — as,  an  active 
treatment.  The  French  use  the  expression  Jle- 
decine  agissante,  in  contradistinction  to  Medecine 
expectante.  In  Physiology,  active  has  a  similar 
signification,  many  of  the  functions  being  divided 
into  active  and  passive. 

ACTON.  A  village  near  London,  at  which 
there  is  a  purgative  mineral  spring,  like  that  at 
Epsom. 

ACTUAL.  Same  etymon  as  active.  That 
which  acts  immediately.  A  term  usually  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron,  or  to  heat  in  any 
form;  in  contradistinction  to  the  potential  or  vir- 
tual, which  is  applied  to  caustics  or  escharotics. 

ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally  a  title  of  dignity 
given  to  the  Byzantine  physicians. 

ACTUS  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 

ACUITAS,  Acrimony. 

ACULEUS  LIGNEUS,  Splinter. 

ACUMETER,  Acoumeter. 

A'CUPUNCTURE,  Acupunctu' ra,  Acupuncta'- 
tion,  Acupunctura'tion,  from  acus,  '  a  needle,'  and 
punctura,  a  puncture,'  A  surgical  operation, 
much  in  use  amongst  the  Chinese  and  Japanese, 
which  consists  in  puncturing  parts  with  a  very 
fine  needle.  It  has  been  employed,  of  late  years, 
in  obstinate  rheumatic  affections,  <fcc,  and  appa- 
rently with  success.  Acupuncture  is  likewise  a 
mode  of  infanticide  in  some  countries  ;  the  needle 
being  forced  into  the  brain  through  the  fonta- 
nelles,  or  into  the  spinal  marrow,  &c. 

ACURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 

ACUS,  Needle — a.  Capitata,  Pin — a.  Invagi- 
nata,  see  Needle — a.  Ophthalmica,  see  Needle — 
a.  Paracentica,  Trocar — a.  Paracentetica,  Trocar 
— a.  Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar — a.  Veneris, 
Eryngium  campestre. 

ACUSIMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACUSIS,  Audition. 

ACUSTICA,  Acoustics. 

ACUSTICUS,  Auditory. 

ACUTE,  Acu'tus,  Oxys,  o^vg,  (aicis,  'a  point.') 
(F.)  Aigu.  A  disease  which,  with  a  certain  de- 
gree of  severity,  has  a  rapid  progress,  and  short 


duration,  is  said  to  be  "acute." — Oxynose'ma, 
Oxyn' osos,  Oxynu'sos. 

Diseases  were  formerly  subdivided  into  Morbi 
acutis'simi,  very  acute,  or  those  which  last  only 
three  or  four  days  :  M.  subacutis'simi,  which  con- 
tinue seven  days :  and  M.  subacu'ti,  or  those 
which  last  from  twenty  to  forty  days. 

The  antithesis  to  acute  is  chronic.  Acute,  when 
applied  to  pain,  sound,  cries,  &c,  means  sharp. 

ACUTENACULUM,  Porte-aiguille. 

ACYANOBLEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  kvovos. 
'blue,'  and  /JXettw,  *I  see.'  Defective  vision, 
which  consists  in  incapability  of  distinguishing 
blue. — Gothe.     See  Achromatopsia. 

ACYESIS,  Sterilitas. 

ACYRUS,  Arnica  montana. 

ACYSTINERVIA,  Cystoparalvsis. 

ACYSTURONERVIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

ACYSTUROTROPHIA,  Cystatrophia. 

ACYTERIUS,  Abortive. 

ADACA.  The  Spheeran'thus  In'dicus,  a  Mala- 
bar plant,  which  is  acrid  and  aromatic. 

ADAC'RYA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Saxpvw,  'I 
weep.'     Defective  secretion  of  tears. 

AD.EMONIA,  Anxiety. 

ADAKO'DIEN.  A  Malabar  plant  of  the  fa- 
mily Apocynea3,  used  in  that  country  in  diseases 
of  the  eyes. 

AD'ALI,  Lip'pia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which 
the  Orientals  regard  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of 
the  naja. 

ADAMANTINE  SUBSTANCE,  Enamel  of 
the  teeth. 

ADAMAS,  Diamond. 

ADAMI'TA,  Adami'tum.  A  very  hard,  white 
calculus. — Paracelsus. 

The  first  word  has  been  used  for  stone  in  the 
bladder :  the  second  for  lithiasis  or  the  calculous 
condition. 

ADAM'S  APPLE,  Pomum  Adami. 

ADANSONIA  DIGITATA,  Baobab. 

ADAPTER,  from  ad  and  a2)to,  'I  fit.'  A  tube 
employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations  for  length- 
ening the  neck  of  a  retort;  or  in  cases  where  the 
opening  of  the  receiver  is  not  large  enough  to 
admit  the  beak  of  the  retort. 

ADAR'CE,  Adar'cion,  Adar'cis.  A  concretion 
found  about  the  reeds  and  grass  in  theiuarshy 
regions  of  Galatia,  and  hiding  them,  as  u  were : 
hence  the  name,  from  a  privative,  and  Sepicd),  'I 
see.'  It  was  formerly  in  repute  for  cleansing  the 
skin  from  freckles,  <fec. 

ADARIGO,  Orpiment. 

ADARNECH,  Orpiment. 

ADARTICULATIO,  Arthrodia. 

AD  CUTEM  ABDOMINIS  (ARTERIA).  The 
superficial  artery  of  the  abdomen, — a  branch  of  the 
crural  or  femoral,  which  arises  at  the  lower  part 
of  Poupart's  ligament,  and  ascends  towards  the 
umbilicus,  being  distributed  to  the  integuments. 

ADDAD.  A  Numidian  plant;  bitter  and  poi- 
sonous. 

ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adephag"ia,  from  aSSrjv, 
'much,'  and  <f>ayuv,  'to  eat.'  Voraciousness. 
Galen  and  Hoffmann  have  given  this  name  to 
voracious  appetite  in  children  affected  with 
worms.  Sauvages  refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also, 
the  goddess  of  gluttony. 

ADDER'S  TONGUE,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ADDISON,  DISEASE  OF,  see  Capsule,  renal. 

ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A  term  once  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Epiphysis.  It  is  now  restricted 
to  the  prolongation  of  two  cranial  sutures,  the 
lambdoidal  and  squamous. 

ADDiTAiMENTUM  Coli,  Appendix  vermiformis 
caeci — a.  Necatum,  Olecranon — a.  ad  Sacro-lum- 
balem,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  a.  Uncatum  ulnae, 
Olecranon  —  a.  Ulnae,  Radius. 

ADDUCENS  OCULI,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 


ADDUCTEUR  DE  L'CEIL 


3  3 


ADEXOXCOSIS 


ADDUOTMUR  I)K  UCETL,  Rectus  inter- 
num ocuti — ".  du  (Jr<>*  urt<  il,  Addoetor  pollicis 
pedis — a.  Premier  ou   Roy**,  Adductor   longaa 

I   i  lii-tor   pollicis    manQs 

— n.  Seeomd  on  petit,  Adductor  brevis — a.  Troi- 
tilme  <>u  grand,  Addoetor  magnna 

ADD1  C'TION,  Addtttftio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 

dm-,,:,  "to  draw.'  Paraao'oi.  The  action  by 
which  parts  are  drawn  towards  tin;  axis  of  the 
bo.lv. 

The  muscles  which  execute  this  function  are 
Boiled  A  Id  c'tort. 

ADDUCTOR  MHDir  DKIITI  PEDIS,   P  - 
teriirr  medii   digit!   podil — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi. 

Adduo'tor  Metacar'pi  min'imi  Dir,"iTr.  Me. 
laeor'j  wetaear,pe»s  min'imi  dig"iti, 

L?  situate  between  the  addoetor  and  flexor,  aezt 
to  the  metoeorpol  bone.  It  arises,  fleshy,  from 
the  unciform  proeeea  of  the  01  nueiforme,  and 
from  ti.  of  the  annular  ligament 

of  the  wrist,  and  ia  inserted,  tendinous  and  fleshy, 
into  the  f.re-part  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the 
little  finger,  from  its  base  to  its  he.nl. 

Addcc'toh  Pol'licts  .Mvm's.  A.  Pol' licit,  A. 
ad  turn' i/iitini  ditj"itum,  Metacar'po-pkalam'geut 
poFlicit — (Cb.)  (F.)  Addueteur  dm  pouce.  A 
muscle  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  almost  the 
whole  length  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  mid- 
dle finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  part  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  thumb. 

Adduc'tor  Pol'ucis  Pedis,  Antitk'enar,  Me- 
%atar*to-tubpkalan' geut  pollicit. — (Ch.)  Tarto- 
tnetatarti-phalangien  du  pouce.  (F.)  Addueteur 
du  grot  ortt  it  Arises  by  a  long,  thin  tendon, 
from  the  under  part  of  the  os  calcis,  from  the  os 
eoboides,  os  enneiforme  externum,  and  from  the 
root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  second  toe.  It 
is  divided  into  two  fleshy  portions,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  external  sesamoid  bone,  and  root  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  great  toe. 

Biehat  has  given  the  general  name,  Adduct- 
ion, to  those  of  the  interosseous  muscles  of  the 
hand  or  foot,  which  perform  the  action  of  ad- 
duction. 

Adductor  Truth  Digiti  Pedis,  Prior  tertii 
digiti  i 

Addi  CTORS  of  toe    thigh.     These  are  three 
in  number,  which  have,  by  Borne  anatomisl  • 
united  into  one  muscle — the   Triceps  Adduc'tor 
fem'orit. 

1.  Adduc'tor  longut  /em'orit,  Adduc'tor /em'- 
orit primut,  Triceps  minor,  Pu' bio-femora' lit — 
(Ch.)  (V.  Premier  on  moyen  addueteur.  Arises 
by  a  strong  tendon  from  the  upper  ami  fore  part 
of  the  os  pubis  and  ligament  of  the  symphysis. 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  pectinalis.  It  runs  down- 
war.  1-  aul  outward--,  and  ia  inserted  by  a  broad, 
flat  tendon,  into  the  middle  of  the  linea  aspera. 

2.  Adduc'tor  brevit,  A.  /em'orit  tecun'due, 
Tricep*  tecun'due,  Sub-p*tbio-/emora'lit  —  (Ch.) 
(F.J  Second  on  petit  Addueteur.  Arises  tendi- 
nous from  the  os  pobis,  at  the  side  ,,f  it-  sym- 
physis, below  and  behind  the  last  muscle."  It 
runs   obliquely  outwards,  and  is    inserted  by  ■ 

short,  flat  tendon  into  the  inner  and  upper  part 
of  the  lines  aspen,  from  a  little  below  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  beginning  uf  the  Insertion 
of  the  adductor  longus. 

3.  Adduc'tor  magnut,  Adduc'tor  fem'orie  Xer1- 
timer  quartut,  Tricept  magnut,  It'ckio-ftmora'- 
lit — (Ch.)  (F.)  Troitiime  an  grand  addueteur,  is 
much  larger  than  either  of  the  others.  It  arises 
from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis,  from  that  of  the 
ischium,  and  from  the  tuber  ischii,  and  ia  inserted 
into  the  whole  length  of  the  linea  aspera, 

the  lower  part  of  the  lines  aspera  it  ia  pierced 
by  a  kind  of  oblique,  fibrous  canal,  through  which 
the  crural  artery  and  vein  i 


ADEC.     The  inner  man. — Paracelsus. 
ADECTA,  Sedatives. 
ADELIPARIA,  Polysomia. 
ADELODAOAM.      A    bitter    Malabar    plant, 
BSed  in  asthma,  catarrh,  and  coiit. 

ADELPHIA,  Bee  Adelpbiaia. 
ADELPHIX'IA,    Adelphix'it;   from   ^Atfoj, 
'brother.'     Consanguinity  of  parti  in  health  or 
:    Frater'nitat,    Fratra'tio.     Hippocrates 

used  the  word  Adel'phia  for  diseases  that  re- 
semble each  other. 

ADELPHIXIS,  Sympathy. 

ADEM03  I  \.  Depression,  Nosta] 

ADEM0S1  Ni:.  Depression,  Nost 

ADEN,  a6nv,  'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgio, 
Adeniform,  Ac. — see  Qland. 

ADENAL'CIA,  Adenodvn'ia,  from  a^rjv,  '& 
gland,'  and  aAyjj,  'pain.'      Qlandolar  pain. 

ADENECTOP'IA,  from  afav,  'a  gland,'  nnd 
CKTurroi,  •  removed  from  its  place.1  .Dislocation 
of  a  gland. 

ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from  ,«V,  '•  gland.' 
and  Cfuppa^ii,  '  obstruction.'  Glandular  obstruc- 
tion. 

A  DENIES,  Adenopathies  angibromiqnet.  Dis- 
:  the  glands  connected  with  the  digestive 
tube. — Piorry. 

ADEX'IFORM,  A  <  U  n  i/o  rm '  it,  A  denoVdet, 
Ad'enoid,  from  Aden,  'a  gland,'  and  Forma, 
'  form  or  resemblance.'  Olan'di/orm,  or  resem- 
bling a  gland. 

ADENITE,  Adenitis — a.  Lumtpkatiquc,  Lym- 
phadenitis. 

ADENI'TIS,  from  aSr,v,  'a  gland.'  and  fa's,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  Phlegmm'tia 
adeno'ta  sen  glandulo'ttu  (F.)  Adinite.  dlandu- 
lar  inflammation. 

Adbxitib  Lymi'hatica,  Lymphadenitis. 

Adbmi'yis  .Mkskntkk'k  a.  Metenter'ic  Gangli- 
on? tit.     Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

Adenitis  PalmbBBABUB  Contagiosa,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

ADEXOCE'LE,  from  uSmv,  <a  gland,'  and  n\n, 
'a  rupture.'  'a  tumour.'  Under  this  term  .Mr. 
Rirkett  includes  tumours  of  the  mamma', 
which  contain  structures  similar  DO,  if  not  identi- 
cal with,  the  normal  secreting  tissue  of  the  gland, 
and  more  especially  the  eysto-sarcoma,  and 
chronic  mammary  tumours  of  surgical  authors. 

ADBNOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA,   from   utnv,   'a 

gland,'  \tip,  i  the  hand,'  anrio,  '  I  lay  hold  of,'  and 
Aoyo?,   'a   description.'      The   doctrine    of    curing 
scrofula  or  the  king's  evil  by  the  royal  touch. 
ADENOCHON'DRIUS,  from  atn\,  'a  gland,' 

and  %oi>6pos,  'a  cartilage.'    Relating  to  gland  and 
cartilage,  —  for    example,  Arthrophjf'ma    adeno- 
chon'drium,  a  tumefaction  of  the  glands  and  car- 
of  joints. 

AD&NODERMJES  SYPHILITIQUE8,  A. 
tymphyotiquet,  from  <;<  mv,  '  a  gland/  and  6ippa. 
'skin.'  Syphilitic  affections  of  the  glands  uf  the 
skin. 

ADENODYNIA,  Adenalgio. 
ADENOQ'RAPHY,  Adt  nogrm'pUia,  fro,,,  „,', , , 

•  a  gland, '  and  ypmpu>,  '  I  describe.'  That  pail  ot 
anatomy  which  describes  the  glands. 

ADENOID,  Adeniform. 
ADENOIDBS,  Adeniform. 
ADENOL'OGY,    Ad*motog"in,   from    nfir>,    'a 
gland,'  and  Xoyos,  '  •*■  description.'      A 

the  glanda 

ADENOMALA'CTA,  from  •***,  's  gland,' and 

un\aKin,    '  Sid'tellillg.'       MollCSCei 

of  a  gland. 

ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno- 
meninjreaL 

ADENONCOSIS,  Adenophyma. 


ADENOXCUS 


34 


ADIPOCIRE 


ADEXOXCUS,  Adenophyma. 

ADEXO-XERVOUS  FEVER,  Plague, 
x  A  DENO  PA  THIES      A  NGIBR  OMIQ  UES, 

Aden  its. 

A  D  E  '  X  O-P  H  A  R  Y  X '  G  E  U  S,  from  ainv, '  a 
gland,'  and  <papvyl-,  cpapvyyos,  'the  pharynx.' 
Some  fleshy  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  con- 
strictor pharyngis  inferior  to  the  thyroid  gland, 
have  received  this  name.  Their  existence  is  not 
constant. 

ADE'XO-PHARYXGFTIS.  Same  etymon. 
Inflammation  of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 

ADEXOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

ADENOPHY'M  A,  Adenon'cns,  Adenonco'sis, 
from  aSrjv,  'a  gland,'  and  (pvfia,  'a  swelling.' 
Swelling  of  a  gland,  or  glandiform  ganglion. 
(F.)  Glandage.  Adenophyma  is  used  by  some  to 
signify  a  soft  glandular  swelling; — Adenoncus, 
one  of  a  harder  character. — Kraus. 

Adenophyma  Inguinalis.     Bubo. 

ADENOSCIR'RHUS,  Adenosclero'sis,  from 
atrjv,  'a  gland,'  and  crKippos,  'induration.'  Scir- 
rhous induration  of  a  gland. 

ADEXOSCLEROSIS,  Adenoscirrhus. 

ADEXOSIS  SCROPHULOSA,  Scrofula. 

ADEXO'SUS,  (Absces'sus).  A  hard,  glandular 
abscess,  which  suppurates  slowly. — M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

ADENOSYXCHITOXITIS,  Ophthalmia  Xeo- 
natorum. 

ADEXOT'OMY,  Adenotom'ia,  from  aSrjv,  'a 
gland,'  and  Trivia,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
glands. 

ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia,  Boulimia. 

ADEPS,  genitive  Adipis,  Adeps  Suilhis,Oxyn'- 
gium,  Pingne'do,  Lar'idum,  Larditm,  Lard. 
(Prov.)  Mart,  Sallis,  Swinesame.  Pig's  flare. 
The  fat  of  the  hog.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  the  pre- 
pared fat  of  Sus  scrofa,  free  from  saline  matter. 

Adeps  Anseri'nus.  Adeps  an'seris  or  Goose 
grease,  (F.)  Graisse  d'Oie,  is  emollient.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  emetic. 

Adeps  Cantharidibus  Medicatus,  Unguen- 
tum  lyttae  medicatum— a.  Cortice  Daphnes  gnidii 
medicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  Daphne 
gnidio — a.  Humanus,  Liquamumia — a.  Hydrar- 
gyro  medicatus.  Unguentum  Hydrargyri — a.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguentum 
oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — a.  Hydrargyri  muri- 
ate oxygenato  medicatus,  Unguentum  muriatis 
hydrargyri  oxygenati  medicatum — a.  Hydrargyri 
nitrate  medicatus,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis 
— a.  Hydrargyri  oxido  rubro  et  plumbi  acetate 
medicatus,  Unguentum  ophthalmicum — a.  Lauro 
medicatus,  Unguentum  laurinura  —  a.  Myristicae, 
see  Myristica  —  a.  Ovilli,  Sevum  —  a.  Papavere, 
hyoscyamo,  et  belladonna  medicatus,  Unguentum 
populeum. 

Adeps  Pr^para'tus,  A.  Suillus  Prcepara'tus, 
Hog's  lard,  Barrow's  grease,  Lard,  Ax'unge, 
Axun'gia,  Axun'gia  porci'na,  (F.)  Graisse  de 
Pore,  Saindonx,  Axonge,  is  prepared  by  melting 
pig's  flare,  and  straining  it.  This  is  called  ren- 
dering the  lard.  Lard  is  emollient,  but  is  chiefly 
used  for  forming  ointments  and  plasters. 

Adeps  Suillus  Pr^eparatus,  Adeps  Praepa- 
ratus — a.  Sulfure  et  ammonia?  muriate  medicatus, 
Unguentum  sulphuratum  ad  scabiem — a.  Sulfure 
et  carbonate  potassae  medicatus,  Unguentum 
sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem  —  a.  Tartaro 
sfcibii  medicatus,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati 
—  a.  Oxido  zinci  medicatus,  Unguentum  oxidi 
zinci  impuri. 

ADEPT,  Alchvmist. 

ADEP'TA  MEDICTXA.  Medicine,  which 
treated  of  diseases  contracted  by  celestial  opera- 
tions, or  communicated  from  heaven. 

Adepta  Philosopuia,  Alchymy. 


ADERMOXERVIA,  Dermataneuria. 

ADERMOTROPH'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  Stppa, 
'skin,'  and  rpoiptj,  'nourishment.'  Extenuation 
or  atrophy  of  the  skin. 

ADFLATUS,  Afflatus. 

ADHyEREXTIA,  Adherence. 

ADHiESIO,  Adherence. 

ADHATO'DA,  Justic"ia  adhato'da.  The  Ma- 
labar Nut  Tree.  (F.)  Noyer  de  Ceylon.  Used 
in  India  for  expelling  the  dead  foetus  in  abortion. 
The  word  is  said  to  convey  this  meaning  in  the 
Ceylonese. 

ADHE'REXCE,  Adhe'sion,  Adhoeren'tia,  Cm- 
cre'tio,  Atre'sia,  Pros'physis,  Prosadle'sis,  Ad- 
hoe' sio,  from  adhcerere,  (ad  and  hcerere,)  '  to  stick 
to.'  These  words  are  usually  employed  synonym- 
ously. The  French  often  use  adherence  for  the 
state  of  union,  and  adhesion  for  the  act  of  ad- 
hering. 

ADHESIOX,  Adherence. 

ADHE'SIVE  LNFLAMMA'TIOX  is  that  in- 
flammation which  terminates  by  an  adhesion 
between  inflamed  and  separated  surfaces,  and 
which  was,  at  one  time,  supposed  to  be  necessary 
for  such  adhesion. 

Adhe'sive  is  also  an  epithet  for  certain  plasters 
which  stick  closely  to  the  skin. 

ADIAXTHUM,  Adiantum. 

ADIAXTUM,  A.  pedatum. 

Adiantum  yETHiop'icuM.  A  South  African 
plant,  Ord.  Filices,  an  infusion  of  which  is  some- 
times used  as  an  emollient  in  coughs,  and  in 
diseases  of  the  chest. 

Adiantum  Album,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  — 
a.  Aureum,  Polytrichum. 

Adian'tum  Capil'lus  Ven'eris,  A.  Coriandri- 
fo'lium  seu  Nigrum,  Capil'lus  Ven'eris,  from  a, 
privative,  and  Siatvo),  '  to  grow  wet,'  from  the 
leaves  not  being  easily  moistened.  Maiden  hair. 
(F.)  Capillaire  de  Montpellier.  A  European 
plant,  of  feeble,  aromatic  and  demulcent  pro- 
perties. It  is  used  for  forming  the  Sirop  de  Ca- 
pillaire or  Capillaire. 

Adiantum  Coriandrifolium,  A.  Capillus  Ve- 
neris— a.  Xigrum,  A.  Capillus  Veneris. 

Adian'tum  Peda'tum,  A.  Canaden'se  seu  Pa- 
tens, Adiantum,  Capil'lus  Ven'eris  Canaden'sis, 
Herba  Ven'eris,  Eilix  Ven'eris,  Canada  Maiileu- 
hair,  American  Maidenhair,  Rochfern,  Siceetfern, 
(F.)  Capillaire  du  Canada,  has  the  same  proper- 
ties. Capillaire  was  once  made  from  this.  See 
Adiantum. 

Adiantum  RuBRUM,Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

ADIAPHANIE  PERICHRYSALTIQUE, 
see  Cataract. 

ADIAPHORO'SIS,  Adiaphore'sis,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, Sta,  'through,' and  cpopog,  'a  pore.'  Defect 
or  suppression  of  perspiration,  Adiapnens'tia. 

ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus,  Indif'erens, 
Neutral.  A  medicine  which  will  neither  do  harm 
nor  good. 

ADIAPXEUSTIA,  Adiaphorosis. 

ADIARRHOE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  liap- 
peiv,  'to  flow.'  Retention  of  any  excretion. — 
Hippocrates. 

ADIATH'ESIC,  Adiathes'icus,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  StaSecris,  'diathesis.'  In  the  system  of 
controstimulism,  adiathesic  diseases  are  such  as 
occur  without  any  antecedent  diathesis. 

A  DICE,  Urtica. 

ADIPATUS,  Fatty. 

ADIPEUX.  Adipose. 

ADIPOCERA,  Adipocire  —  a.  Cetosa,  Ceta- 
ceum. 

ADIPOCIRE,  Adipoce'ra,  from  adeps,  'fat,' 
and  cera,  'wax.'  The  base  of  biliary  calculi, 
called  also  Chol'esterine.  Also,  a  sort  of  soap, 
formed  from  animal  matter  under  certain  circum- 


ADITOCIRE  DE  BALEIXE 


JEDCEOGARGARISMUS 


stances.  (F.)  (Iran  det  Cadaeret,  Grasd<»  Clme- 
t;tre«.  The  human  li<>dy,  when  it  has  been  fo* 
some  weeks  in  water,  assumes  this  appearance; 
and  it  has  been  a  subject  of  legal  inquiry,  what 
length  of  time  is  necessary  to  produce  it.  This 
must,  "t*  oourse,  depend  upon  various  circum- 
stances, a*  climate,  season,  4c 

ADIPOCIRE   BE   BALEINE,  Cetaeeum. 

AD'IPOSE,  Ad'ipont.  Adipo'tnt,  from  «./<;>*, 
'fat'  (F.)  Adipeux.  That  which  relates  to  fat- 
as  Adipote  membrane,  A.  vettelt,  Ac     See  Fatty. 

Ad'iposb  Sabco'm  A  of  A  it' k  i:\kthv.  Empky'ma 
tarco'ma  adipo'tum,  is  stietty  throughout,  and 
enclosed  in  a  thin  capsule  ot  condensed  areolar 
substance,  connected  by  means  of  minute  vessels. 
It  is  chiefly  found  on  the  fore  and  l>;iek  pasta  of 
•  'ink.     See  Sarcoma. 

ADIPOSIS.     See  Polysarcia. 

Adipo'818  IIi.i-  v r'lCAj  Pimelo'tit  seu  tteatoftit 

sen  malax' it  htpafiea,  //<  /«»/•  adipo'tum,,   Fatty 

Fatty  degeneration  <>/  the  liner,  (F.)  Digi- 

■<ce  graitteute  du  Foie.     Fatty  disease  of 

the  liver.  # 

ADIPOSES,  Patty. 

ADIPOUS,  F.tty'. 

AIM  P'S  I  A,  Dipto'tit  expert.   Absence  of  thirst. 

ADIPSON,  AdTp'tutn,  from  a,  privative,  and 
it  Ft.  'thir.-t.'  Any  BUbstance  which  relieves 
thirst.  Applied  to  a  decoction  of  barley  to  which 
owmel  was  added. — Hippocrates. 

ADIPSOS,  Grlycyrrhisa. 

AD'ITUS.  'an  entrance,'  'an  approach;'  from 
"litum,   'to  go  to.'     Prus'udos.     The  en- 
trance to  a  canal  or  duct,  as  Aditut  ad  Aqxtaduc- 
tnm  Fallopiu 

Aditdi  a i)  Infundibi'h  m,  Vulva. 

ADIULIS'TOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  SivXtfa, 
'  I  .-train.'  Unstrained  wine  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes. — (iorrajus. 

ADJUNCT  UM,  Accompaniment. 

ADJUTOR  PARTUS,  Accoucheur. 
\I>'.Il  \  ANT,  Ad'juvant,  from  adjitvare,  'to 
aid.'  A  medicine,  introduced  into  a  prescription 
to  aid  the  operation  of  the  principal  ingredient 
or  basis.  Also,  whatever  assists  in  the  removal 
or  prevention  of  disease. 

ADMIKICULE,  Adminie'tdmm%f  (ad  and  tna- 
vuf,  'a  hand').  A  prop,  a  support.  Anything 
that  aids  the  action  of  a  remedy. 

ADKASCENTIA,  Prosphysis. 

ADNATA   (TUNICA.)  Conjunctiva. 

A  USEE     MEMBRANE,  |  Conjunctiva. 

ADOLES'CENCE,  Adoleeoen'tia,  Jtoen'ta,  Ju- 
te*'tat,  Juven'tut,  JEtat  bona,  Youth;  from  ado- 
leirere,  (ad  and  olencere,)  'to  grow.'  (F.)  Jeuit- 
iHxc-.  The  period  between  puberty  and  that  at 
which  the  body  acquires  its  full  development; 
being,  in  man,  between  the  14th  and  25th  years; 
and.  in  woman,  between  the  12th  and  21st. 

kDOLBS'CENS,  Ju'venit,  Hebc'ten,  Hebe'ter, 
If-  be'tor,  Hypene'tet.  A  youth.  A  young  man 
in  the  period  of  adolescence. 

ADO'LIA.  A  Malabar  plant,  whose  leaves, 
put  in  oil,  form  a  liniment,  used  in  facilitating 
labour. 

A  I '<>I1.  Zei  mays. 

ADORION,  Dancms  carota. 

ADOU01SSANT,  Demulcent 

AD  P0NDU8  OMNIIM.  The  weight  of  the 
whole.  In  a  prescription  it  means,  that  any 
particular  ingredient  shall  equal  in  weight  the 
whole  of  the  others. 

ADRAOANT,  Tragacantha. 

ADRAGANTHE,  Tragacantha. 

ADR  V   RIZ  \.  Aristolochia  clematitis. 

ADROBO'LON,  from  nip*,  'great.'  and  j3wAo?, 
'mass.'  The  bdellium  of  India,  which  is  in  larger 
pieces  than  that  of  Arabia. 


A  I>ROS,  aSpos,  'plump  and  full.'  Applied  to 
the  habH  of  body,  and  also  to  the  pulse. — Hippo- 
crates. 

ADSABIA  PALA.  Dolichos  pruriens. 

ADSPIRATTO,  Aspiration,  Inspiration. 

AD8T  INS,    Prostate. 

AD8TITB8  GLANDULOSI,  Prostate. 

ADSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

AD8TRICT0RIA,  Astringents. 

ADSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents, 

ADULAS'SO.  The  Juttitia  bitalvit.  A  small 
shrill',  used  in  India  as  a  local  application  in  gout. 

ADULT,  see  Adult  age. 

Aim  i.t  Agk,  Amdri'm,  from  adolencerc,  'to 
grow  to,'  [ad  and  olere,  olitum,  'to  grow.')  17- 
rifity,  manhood.  The  age  succeeding  adoles- 
cence, and  preceding  old  age.  In  the  civil  law, 
an  adult  is  one,  who,  if  a  boy,  has  attained  the 
age  of  fourteen  years;  and,  if  a  girl,  of  twelve. 
In  the  common  law,  one  of  full  age.  AdtUt, 
Aduftnt,  is  also  nsed  for  one  in  the  adult  age. 

ADULTERATIO,  Falsification. 

ADULTU8,  see  Adult  age. 

ADUNCATIO  UNGUIUM,  Onychogrvphosis. 

ADURENS,  Caustic. 

ADURION,  Rhus  coriaria. 

ADUST,  Adtu'tut,  from  adurere,  [ad  and 
urere,)  'to  burn.'  The  blood  and  fluids  were 
formerly  said  to  be  adust,  when  there  was  much 
heat  in  the  constitution,  and  but  little  serum  in 
the  blood. 

ADUSTIO,  Adustion,  Burn. 

ADUS'TION,  Adut'tio.  State  of  the  body 
described  under  Adust.  In  surgery,  it  signifies 
cauterization. 

ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES,  Acquired  dis- 
eases. 

ADVENTITIUS,  Accidental. . 

ADYNA'MIA,  Impoten'tia ;  from  a.  privative, 
and  twa/xis,  'strength,'  Adyna'tia,  Adyna'tia. 
Considerable  debility  of  the  vital  powers;  as  in 
typhus  fever.  Some  Nosologists  have  a  class  of 
diseases  under  the  name  Adynamia,  Ec'lyset, 
Morbi  anthen'ici. 

Adynamia  Virtus,  Impotence. 

ADYNAM'IC,  Adynam*ieut,  Hypndynam'ic, 
Hypodynam'icut ;  same  etymon.  Appertaining 
to  debility  of  the  vital  powers. 

ADYNASIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATIA.  Adynamia. 

ADYNATOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATOS,  Sickly. 

JEDCEA,  Genital  Organs. 

jEDGS'AGRA,  from  aiSota,  'genital  organs,' 
and  aypa,  '  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  genitals. 

JRDGSAG'RAPHY,  JEdautgraph'ia,  JEdot- 
og'rapky.  from  aiSota,  'organs  of  generation,'  and 
yoa<l>u),  'I  describe'  A  description  of  the  organs 
of  generation. 

X I  »<E  a  I/OGY,  JEdamlag"ia,AEdaeoPoay,  from 
atiota,  'organs  of  generation,' and  Aoyoj,  'a  de- 
scription.'   A  treatise  on  the  organs  of  generation. 

.EDGOAT'OMY,  JSdceatom'ia,  JEdotoUm'ia, 
^Edceot'omi,  JEdatotfomy,  from  atiota.  'organs  of 
generation,'  and  npvot,  '  I  cut.'  Dissecti  >n  of  the 
parts  of  generation. 

JMHEI'TIS,  JSdmoti'tit,  Medei'tit;  from  at- 
hoiii,  'organs  of  generation,'  and  Hit,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  genital  or- 
gans. 

£D<EOBLENORRH(EA,  Leacorrhma. 

JSDQSODYN'IA,  from  atiota,  'organs  of  gene- 
ration,' and  town,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  genitals. 
Pudendagra. 

KIhKik;aRGALUS,  Masturbation,  Nympho- 
mania. 

X  I)  (E  0  Q  A  B  G  A  R  I  8  M  U  S,  Masturbation, 
Nymphomania. 


^EDCEOGRAPHY 


3G 


AEROMANCY 


JEDCEOGRAPHY,  ^Etloeagraphy. 

iEDCEOLOGY,  .Edoealogy. 

iEDCEOMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

iEDCEOMYCODERMI'TIS,  from  aiSoia,  'or- 
gans of  generation,'  fxvKog,  '  mucus,'  and  Stppia, 
'skin.'  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  genital  organs. 

^EDCEON,  Inguen. 

aEIKEOPSOPHESIS,  iEdceopsophia. 

jEDCEOPSOPH'IA,  sEdwopsophe'sis,  from  ai- 
doia,  '  organs  of  generation,'  and  -<\>o<pziv,  '  to  make 
a  noise.'  Emission  of  wind  by  the  urethra  in 
man,  by  the  vagina  in  woman. — Sauvages  and 
Sagar. 

iErxEOPSOPHiA  Uterina,  Physometra. 

iEDCEOS'COPY,  jEdveoscop'ia,  from  aitoia, 
'organs  of  generation,'  and  (jkokeiv,  'to  view.' 
Exploration  of  the  organs  of  generation. 

^DCEOTITIS,  ^Edoeitis— 33.  Gangrenosa,  Col- 
pocace  —  ae.  Gangraenosa  puellarum,  Colpocace 
infantilis  —  ae.  Gangraenosa  puerperarurn,  Colpo- 
cace puerperarum. 

^EDffiOTOME,  JEdceatomy. 

^DGEOTOMIA,  .Edceatomy. 

JEDO30T0MY,  iEdoeatomy. 

^EDOPTOSIS,  Hysteroptosis  —  33.  Uteri,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri — ae.  Uteri  inversa,  Uterus,  inversion 
of  the — ae.  Uteri  retroversa,  Retroversio  uteri  — 
33.  Vaginae,  Prolapsus  V. — 83.  Vesicae,  Exocyste. 

^EEIG'LUCES,  Aeig'luees,  from  sec,  'always,' 
and  y/Wu?,  '  sweet.'  A  kind  of  sweet  wine  or 
must. — Gorraeus. 

iEGAGROPI'LA,  JEgagropi'lns,  from  aiyaypos, 
'the  rock  goat,'  and  rtAoj,  'hair,'  Bezoar  d'Alle- 
magne,  Pila  Dama'rnm  seu  Rupicapra'rum.  A 
ball  composed  of  hairs,  found  in  the  stomach  of 
the  goat:  once  used  medicinally. 

JEGEIROS,  Populus. 

iEGER,  Sick. 

JE'GIAS,  sEyis,  jEgh'a,  JE' gules,  from  ail-, 
oiyos,  'the  goat;'  why,  is  not  known.  (F.)  Aige 
or  Aigle.  There  is  obscurity  regarding  the  pre- 
cise meaning  of  this  word.  It  was  used  to  desig- 
nate an  ulcer,  or  speck  on  the  transparent  cornea. 
— Hippocrates. 

Maitre  Jean  uses  it  for  a  calcareous  deposit 
between  the  conjunctiva  and  sclerotica. 

JEGIDES,  ^Egias. 

j53'GILOPS,  An'chilops,  An'Icylops,  from  a«£, 
aiyos,  'goat,'  and  u>ip,  'the  eye.'  An  ulcer  at  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye,  which  sometimes  does 
not  penetrate  to  the  lachrymal  sac,  but  at  others 
does,  and  constitutes  fistula  lacrymalis. — Galen, 
Celsus.  Oribasius,  Aetius,  Paulus  of  iEgina,  &c. 

uEGI'RINON.  An  ointment  of  which  the  fruit 
or  flower  of  the  poplar  was  an  ingredient;  from 
aiyeipos,  '  the  black  poplar.' 

JEGLIA,  iEgias. 

JEGOCERAS,  Trigonella  fcenum. 

^IGOLETHRON.  Ranunculus  flammula. 

JEGONYCHON,  Lithospermum  ofiicinale. 

JEGOPHONIA,  Egophony. 

.EGOPHONICUS,  Egophonic. 

JEGOPODIUM  PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum 
podaEjraria. 

^EGRIPPA,  Agrippa. 

JEGRITUDO,  Disease— as.  Ventriculi,  Vomit- 
ing. 

jEGROTATIO,  Disease. 
^IGROTUS,  Sick. 

iEGYP'TIA.  An  epithet  for  several  medi- 
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus  of  ^Egina, 
and  Myrepsus. 

iEGYPTiA  Moschata,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 
JEgyp'tia     Stypte'ria,     Aiyvirrta     GTv-TTipia, 
■^Egyptian  alum.    Recommended  by  Hippocrates. 

iEGYp'TiA  Ul'cera  ;  ^Egyptian  ulcers.  Ulcers 
of  the  fauces  and  tonsils,  described  by  Aretaeus, 
as  common  in  Egypt  and  Syria. 


^GYPTIACUM,  JEgyp'tion,  Ifende'sion,  Mel 
^Egyptiacum,  Phar'  macum  JEgyptiacum.  A  pre- 
paration of  vinegar,  honey,  and  verdigris,  scarcely 
used  now,  except  by  veterinary  surgeons  as  a  de- 
tergent.    See  Linimentum  iEruginis. 

^EGYPTION,  .Egyptiacum. 

uEGYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM  AD 
AURES,  Pharmacum  ad  aures. 

^EGYP'TIUS  PESSUS:  ^Egyptian  pessary. 
A  pessary,  composed  of  honey,  turpentine,  butter, 
oil  of  lily  or  of  rose,  saffron,  each  one  part;  with 
sometimes  a  small  quantity  of  verdigris. 

AEICHRYSON,  Sedum. 

iEIPATHEIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 

AEIPATHIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 

^EMOPTOICA  PASSIO,  Haemoptysis. 

JENEA,  Catheter. 

^EOLECTHYMA,  Variola. 

^EOLLION,  Varicella. 

iEOLLIUM,  Varicella. 

iEON,  aiwv.  The  entire  age  of  a  man  from 
birth  till  death. — Hippocrates,  Galen.  Also,  the 
spinal  marrow.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

^EONESIS,  Fomentation. 

^EONION,  Sedum. 

iEO'RA,  from  aiupzu,  'I  suspend/  Gestation, 
swinging. — Aetius,  Celsus,  &c. 

.EQUALIS,  Equal. 

^EQUA'TOR  OC'ULI.  The  line  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  upper  and  under  eyelid,  when  they 
are  closed.    It  is  below  the  middle  of  the  globe. 

.EQUIVOCUS,  Equivocal. 

AER,  Air. 

AERATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,  Haematosis. 

AERATUS,  Carbonated. 

AERENDOCAR'DIA,  (F.)  Airendocardie, 
from  atjp,  'air/  and  endocardium.  Presence  of 
air  in  the  endocardium  or  lining  membrane  of  the 
heart. — Piorry. 

AERE,  Carbonated. 

AERENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

^REOLUM,  JEreolns,  Ohalcus.  The  sixth 
part  of  an  obolus  by  weight,  consequently  about 
2  grains. 

iE'RESIS,  aipean,  'the  removal  of  any  thing/ 
A  suffix  denoting  a  removal  or  separation,  as 
Aphceresis,  Diceresis,  &c. 

AERETHMIE,  Emphysema. 

AE*RETHMOPNEUMONIE,  see  Emphysema 
of  the  Lungs. 

AERGIA,  Torpor. 

AERH^MATOX'IA,  (F.)  AevMmatorie  j 
from  arjp,  '  air/  aifta,  '  blood/  and  to^ikov,  '  poison.' 
Poisoning  by  the  reception  of  air  into  the  blood- 
vessels. 

AERIF'EROUS,  Aerifer,  (F.)  Airifh-e,  from 
aer,  'air/  and  ferre,  'to  carry/  An  epithet  for 
tubes  which  convey  air,  as  the  larynx,  trachea, 
and  bronchia. 

AERIFLUX'US.  The  discharge  of  gas,  and 
the  fetid  emanations  from  the  sick.  Flatulence. 
— Sauvages. 

AERODERMECTASIA,  Emphysema. 

AERODIAPH'THORA,  from  aVp,  'air,'  and 
hiicpdopa,  'corruption/    A  corrupt  state  of  the  air. 

AERO-ENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

AEROHYDROP'ATHY.  Aerohydropathi'a, 
from  anp,  'air/  vSwp,  'water/  and  xaSos,  'affec- 
tion/ A  mode  of  treating  disease,  in  which  air 
and  water  are  the  chief  agents  employed. 

AEROL'OGY;  Aerolog"ia,  Aerolog"ice,  from 
arjp,  'air/  and  \oyo$,  'a  description.'  That  part 
of  physics  which  treats  of  the  air,  its  qualities, 
uses,  and  action  on  the  animal  economy. 

AEROMAN'CY,  Aeromanti'a,  from  anp,  'air/ 
and  iiavreia,  'divination.'     An  art  in  judicial  as- 


AERO  ME  LI 


37 


.ETHER 


trolngy,  which   consists   in    the   foretelling,   bv 
uf  the  air,  or  substances  found  iu  the  at- 
mosphere. 

AEROMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

ASROpArITONIE,  ie«  Tympanites. 

AKROPHOB'IA,  from  atjo.  'air,'  and  <po(ioi, 
'  fear.'  Dread  of  the  air.  This  symptom  often 
accompanies  hydrophobia,  aud  sometimes  hyste- 
ria and  other  affections. 

AEROPHOB'IQUS,  Airopk'obue;  same  ety- 
mon.    One  affected  with  aerophobia. 

AEROPHOBUS,  Aeropbobicns, 
ROPHTHORA,  Aerodiaphthora, 

AEROPLEURIE,  Pneumothorax. 

A&ROPNEUMONASIE,  see  Emphysema  of 
the  Lungs. 

aJrOPNEITMONECTASIE,  see  Emphy- 
sema of  the  Langs. 

AERORA'CHIA,  from  arjp,  'air,'  and  pa%is, 
'spine.'      Aeeumulation  of  air  in  the  spine. 

AEROSI8,  Pneumatosis,  Tympanites. 

AEROTUORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

JSRUCA,  Cupri  subacetas. 

-  Q'G  IN  OU  S,  JSrvatno'eue,  Io'des,  from 
mrngo,  'verdigris.'  (P.)  Engine**.  Resem- 
bling rerdigris  in  colour;  as  the  bile  when  dis- 
charged at  times  from  the  Btomaeh. 

.EKU'GO,  ioi,  from  azs,  'copper.'  The  rust 
of  any  metal,  properly  of  brass.  See  Cupri  Suba- 
cetas. 

JSrugo  Ferri,  Ferri  subcarbonas — ae.  Plumbi, 
Plumi)i  Babearbonae. 

JSS,  Cuprum. 

1 1  <  >S,  UJtr^o5.    Deformity  of  the  body  gene- 
rallv.  or  of  some  part. — Hippocrates. 

.ES'CULUS  HIPPOCAS'TAXUM,  from  teen, 
1  food,'  [  ?]  Casta' nea  equi'na,  Pavi'nm,  Horse- 
eheetnut,  Buck-eye.  (F.j  M&rronier  ou  Marron- 
fiier  a" hide.  Ord.  Hippocastaneae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Heptandria  Monogynia.  The  bark  has  been 
advised  as  a  substitute  for  cinchona.  Both  bark 
and  fruit  are  astringent.  Externally,  it  has  been 
employed,  like  cinchona,  in  gangrene. 

JgSECAVUM,  Brass. 

Estates,  Epheiides. 

.ESTIIE'MA,  uioOntta,  aioQnparos,  'a  sensa- 
tion, a  perception.'  See  Sensation  and  Sensi- 
bility. In  the  plural,  atthe'mata,  the  apparatuses 
of  the  sensea 

M  ST  HE  M  A  T  0  L'OGY,  JBsthematol»g"ia  ,■ 
from  uioOnpa,  aiadrjparoi  and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse.' 
The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treati-e  on,  the  senses,  or 
on  the  apparatus  of  the  sens''.-. 

JSSTHEM  AT  OX  l"S  r,    JSethematorganouu'H, 
from   aioQiifta,    atadiiftarus,   and    vovaoi,   'diseases.' 
-■•<  affecting  sensation. 
I'll  E  M  A  TUKG  A  X  ONUS  I,     iEsthe- 
matnnusi. 

JSSTHESIOG'RAPHY,  JSutheeiagra'pkia, 

from  <u(j$r)(rts,  '  perception,  sensation,' and  ypa<pn, 
•  ,i  description.'  A  description  of  the  sensorial 
apparatuses. 

iE  S  T  II  E  S  1 0  I/O  G  Y,  .  E»theeiolog"iat  from 

aiaStuLi,    'perception,    sensation,'    and    Aoyoj,   'a 

<i  - u-'.'      The   doctrine   of,   or  a   treatise   on, 

sensation  or  tin-  senses. 

JSSTHE'SIS,     Aisthc'sis,   from    aioSavopai,    'I 

feel.'     The  faculty  of  being  affected  by  a  sensa- 
tion.      Perception.      Sensibility,  as  well  as   the 
senses  themselves.     See  Sense. 
-  rHETERION,  Sensorium. 
.EST  HE  T'ICA,  from  aiaQuvopai,  '  I  feel.'    Dis- 
affecting  the  sensations.     Dulnesa,  depra- 
vation or  abolition  of  one  or  more  of  the  external 
organs  of  sense.     The  2d  order,  class  Neurotica, 
of  Good.      Also,  agents  that  affect  sensation. — 
Pereira. 


.estives.  EstSvaL 

JESTUARIUM,  Stove. 

j;>  II  A  1TO,  Ardor,  Ebullition,  Fermentation. 

^ISTUS,  Ardor. 

yEsTts  Volat'icus.  Sudden  heat,  scorching 
or  Bashing  of  the  face. — Vogel, 

.'ETAS,  Age  —  SB.  Bona,  AdolescenOC — x.  De- 
er.■pita,  Decrepitude  —  BB.  Mala,  Senectus  —  a;. 
Provecta,  Senectus  —  ae.  Senilis,  Senectus. 

jETIIER,  Ether,  from  aiStjp,  '  air,'  or  from  aiSu, 
'  I  burn.'  Naphtha.  Liquor  tBthe'reue,  A  vola- 
tile liquor  obtained  by  distillation  from  a  mix- 
ture of  alcohol  and  a  concentrated  aeid.  See 
JSther  Bulphuricus,  and  Ether. 

^Etheii  Ackticus,  see  iEther  Sulphuricus — ae. 
Chloricus,  Chloroform,  Ether,  chloric. 

JETHBB  HyDRIOD'ICUS,  Hydriod'ic  or  Iodhy'- 
drie  Ether,  Iodide  of  Ethyle.  (F.)  Ether  iodhy. 
drique:  obtained  by  mixing  alcohol,  parts  v.; 
iodine,  parts  x.  ;  and  phosphorite,  one  part,  and 
distilling.      It  is  used  for  iodine  inhalation. 

./Ether  Hydrochloricus;  JSther  muriatiens. 

tEthkr  HvnHocvAN'ict  s,  JS.  Prue'efcue,  Hy- 
drocyan'ic  or  Pruxsic  Ether,  Jlydrory'anate.  of 
Eth' trine,  Cyan'uret  of  Eth'yfr,  (F.)  Ether  Hydro- 
cyauique,  has  been  advised  in  hooping-cough, 
and  where  the  hydrocyanic  acid  is  indicated. 
Dose,  6  drops. 

iETHER  Lignosus,  Acetone  —  ae.  Ifartialis, 
Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  eulfurico-aetbereua  ferri. 

JEther  Muriat'icus,  JE.  Bydroohlo'riciu,  Mu~ 
riat'ic,  Chlorohy'dric  or  Marine  Ether,  Mu'riate 
of  Ether ine,  Chloride  of  Ethyle.  This  ether,  on 
account  of  its  volatility,  can  only  be  kept  in  cool 
places.  It  has  the  properties  of  the  other  ethers, 
and  when  used  is  generally  mixed  with  an  equal 
bulk  of  alcohol.  It  has  been  employed  as  an 
anaesthetic. 

A  Chlorinated  Chlorohydric  Ether,  (F.)  Ether 
Chlorhydrique  More,  formed  by  the  action  of 
Chlorine  on  Chlorohydric  Ether,  has  been  intro- 
duced into  practice  as  a  local  anaesthetic. 

./Ether  Moriaticus  Alcoholicds,  Spiritns 
aetheris  muriaticus — ae.  Nitricus,  see  JSther  Sul- 
phuricus—  a>.  Nitricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus 
aetheris  nitrici  —  ae.  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone  —  83. 
Nitrosue,  see  ./Ether  sulphuricus. 

jEther  Sdlphd'ricds,  JSther  (Ph.  U.  S.),  JE. 
Vitriol' 'iciiH,  Naphtha  Vitriol!  seu  Sulphu'  riea, 
O'leum  ritriole  dnlcc,  Slll'phuric  Ether.  (F.) 
Ether,  Ether  sulfuric  ue,  vitriolinue  ou  hydrati- 
que.  Ether  prepared  from  sulphuric  acid  and 
alcohol. 

Rectified  Ether,  JSther  recti  fica'tus,  prepared 
by  distilling  12  oz.  from  a  mixture  of  sulphuric 
ether,  fjxiv,  fused  potass,  ^ss.  and  distilled 
water,  f^ij,  is  a  limpid,  colourless,  very  inflam- 
mable, volatile  liquor;  of  a  penetrating  and  fra- 
grant odour,  and  hut  pungent  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is 
0.732. 

JSther  Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  Slates  (1S42), 
JSther  of  that  of  1851,  is  formed  from  alcohol, 
Oiv  ;  sulphuric  acid,  <  )j  ;  pataaea,  Jvj  ;  disputed 
water,  fziij  j  distilling  and  redistilling  according 
to  the  process  there  laid  down.  The  specific  gra- 
vity of  this  ether  is  0.750. 

It  is  a  diffusible  stimulant,  narcotic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  is  externally  refrigerant.  Dose, 
gtt.  xxx  to  f/)i-s.  When  ether  is  inhaled,  it  is 
found  to  be  a  valuable  anaesthetic  agent  I  and  is 
employed  with  advantage  in  spasmodic  affections, 
and  in  surgical  operations.      See  Anesthetic 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  an  JSther  ace'ticus, 
Naphtha  Ace'ti,  (F.)  Ether  acelique  ;  an  JSther 
muria'ticux  sell  hyd rocli/o' riCHS,  (V.)   Ether  e/ilnr- 

hydriquej  an  JSther  ni'tricua  seu  nitru'eus,  (F.) 


JE  Til  ERE  A  HERB  A 


38 


AFFUSION 


Ether  nitrique  ou  nitreux  ou  azoteux ;  and  an 
uEther  ph»*phora'tu8.  They  all  possess  similar 
virtues.     See  Anaesthetic. 

JEther  Sulphuricus  Acidus,  Elixir  acidum 
Hiilleri  —  ve.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole,  Spiritus 
uotheris  sulphurici — a?.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole 
aromaticus,  Spiritus  aetheris  aromaticus. 

Mthkr  Terebjxthina'tus,  Terebinth' incited 
ether,  made  by  mixing  gradually  two  pounds  of 
alcohol,  and  half  a  pound  of  spirit  of  turpentine, 
■with  two  pounds  of  concentrated  nitric  acid,  and 
distilling  one-half  the  mixture  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Employed  externally  and  internally  in  biliary 
calculi,  rheumatism,  &e.  Dose  20  to  40  drops, 
in  honey  or  yolk  of  egg. 

^THEREA  HERBA,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

iETHE'REAL,  jEthe'reus,  Ethe'real,  Ethe' - 
reous,  (F.)  Etheree.  An  ethereal  tincture,  (F.) 
Teinture  etheree,  is  one  formed  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  ether,  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  on 
medicinal  substances.  An  ethereal  oil  is  a  vola- 
tile oil.     See  Olea  Volatilia. 

iETHERISMUS,  Etherism. 

JETHERISATIO,  Etherization. 

JETHERISATUS,  Etherized. 

^THE'REO-OLEO'SA(Remedia),from^Me- 
roletiui,  'a  volatile  oil.'  Remedies,  whose  pro- 
perties are  dependent  upon  the  volatile  oil  they 
contain. 

JETHEROLEA,  Olea  volatilia. 

iETHIOP'ICUS  LAPIS,  Ethiopian  stone.  A 
stone  formerly  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  con- 
siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 

JETHIOPIFICA'TIO,  JEthiopopoe'sis,  JZthi- 
opis'mus,  ^Ethiopio'sis,  from  JEthiopa,  ah'cl  facere, 
'to  make.'  The  mummy-like  colouring  of  the 
skin,  induced  at  times  by  the  use  of  mercurial 
ointment:  and  seen  in  bodies  poisoned  by  arsenic. 

^ETHIOPIOSIS,  iEthiopificatio. 

jETHIOPIS,  Salvia  selarea. 

JETHIOPISMUS,  iEthiopificatio. 

^ETHIOPOPOESIS,  JEthiopificatio. 

iE'THIOPS,  from  at$u,  'I  burn,'  and  w^, 
'  countenance.'  A  black  or  burnt  countenance. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  oxides 
and  sulphurets  of  metals,  which  were  of  a  black 
colour. 

JEthiops  Albus,  Albino  —  se.  Alcalisatus,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta — 03.  Animal,  see  Choroid. 

^Ethiops  Martia'lis,  Mar'tial  Ethiops,  Ferri 
Deutox'ydum  nigrum.  The  black  deutoxide  of 
iron  :  once  in  repute  as  a  tonic.  See  Oxydum 
Ferri  nigrum. 

^Ethiops  Minkralis,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — aa.  Narcoticus,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — se.  per  se,  Hydragyri  oxydum  cinereum 
— ae.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatuin — 
33.  Vegetabilis,  see  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

iETHOL'ICES,  from  at$«>,  'I  burn/  Fiery 
pustules  on  the  skin.  Some  have  considered 
them  to  have  been  boils. 

iETHUSA  AMMI,  Sison  ammi. 

yEthu'sa  Cyna'piUM,  Fool's  Parsley,  (F.)Fanx 
Persil,  Petite  Cigne.  Family,  Urabelliferae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  poisonous  plant, 
which  has  been  mistaken  for  true  parslej',  pro- 
ducing nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  giddiness, 
sopor,  and  at  times,  fatal  results.  It  resembles 
conium  in  its  action. 

iErHti'sA  Meum,  Meum,  31.  Athaman'ticum, 
seu  Anethifo'lium,  At  human' ta  Meum,  Ligns'ticnm 
Capi/la'cenm  seu  Meum,  Ses'eli  Meum,  Men,  Spig- 
nel,  Baldmoney.  (F.)  Ethuse,  Meum.  The  root  has 
been  advised  as  carminative,  stomachic,  &o. 

iETTOL'OGY,  JEtiolog"ia,  Etiol'ogy,  Aitio- 
7ug"i>t,  from  airta,  'cause,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  the  causes  of  disease. 


JETI'TES,  or  AETITES,  from  acros,  'an 
eagle.'  Eagle-stone,  Pierre  d'Aigle,  Hydrate  de 
tritoxide  de  fer.  This  stone  was  formerly  sup- 
posed to  facilitate  delivery,  if  bound  on  tiie  thigh  ; 
and  to  prevent  abortion,  if  bound  on  the  arm. 
It  was  also  called  Lapis  Collymus. 

iETOI,  or  AETOI  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins. 

JETOLION,  Cnidia  grana. 

AFFADIL,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

AFFADISSEMENT,  (F.)  horn  fade,  'insipid.' 
That  condition  of  the  digestive  function  in  which 
the  appetite  is  diminished,  the  sense  of  taste 
blunted,  and  the  action  of  the  stomach  enfeebled  ; 
a  state  usually  accompanied  by  general  languor. 

AFFA IBLISSEMENT,  Asthenia. 

AFFAIRES.  Menses. 

AFFAISSEMENT,  Collapsus. 

AFFECTIO,  Affection— a.  Arthritica  Cordis, 
Cardiagra — a.  Hypochondriacs,  Hypochondriasis 
— a.  Hysterica,  Hysteria  —  a.  Sarmatica,  Plica  — 
a.  Tympanitica,  Tympanites. 

AFFECTION,  Affec'tio,  from  officio  or  Hec- 
tare (ad  and  facere,)  'to  move  or  influence.' 
Any  mode  in  which  the  mind  or  body  is  aflected 
or  modified. 

AFFECTION  TYPHOJDE,  see  Typhus  — 
a.  Vaporeuie,  Hypochondriasis. 

AFFECTIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

AFFECTIONS  OF  THE  MIND,  Affec'tus  seu 
Passio'nes  seu  Affectio'ties  seu  Uonqnasxatio' ties 
seu  Confusio'nes  seu  Turbatio'nes  seu  PertHrba- 
tio'nes  an'imi,  (F.)  Affections  de  I'ume  include  not 
only  the  different  passions,  as  love,  hatred,  jea- 
lousy, <fec,  but  every  condition  of  the  mind  that 
is  accompanied  by  an  agreeable  or  disagreeable 
feeling,  as  pleasure,  fear,  sorrow,  &c. 

In  Pathology,  Affection,  Pathos,  Pathe'ma.  is 
synonymous  with  disease:  thus  we  speak  of  a 
pulmonary  affection,  a  calculous  affection,  Ac. 

AFFECTIONS  DE  L'AME.  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

AFFECTIVE.  That  which  affects,  touches,  &c. 
Gall  gives  the  term  affective  faculties,  (F.)  Factd- 
tes  affectives,  to  functions  dependent  upon  the 
organization  of  the  brain,  comprising  the  senti- 
ments, affections,  <fcc. 

AFFECTUS,  Passion  —  a.  Faucium  pestilens, 
Cynanche  maligna — a.  Hyderodes,  Hydrops — a. 
Spasmodico-convulsivus  labiorum,  Neuralgia  fa- 
ciei. 

AF'FERENT,  Af'ferens,  Centrip'etal,  Esod'ic, 
from  affero,  (ad  and  fero,  'to  carry,')  'I  bring.' 
Conveying  inwards,  as  from  the  periphery  to  the 
centre.  The  vessels  which  convey  the  lymph  or 
chyle  to  the  lymphatic  glands,  are  called  afferent, 
vasa  afferen'tia  seu  inferen'tia.  Also,  nerves 
that  convey  impressions  towards  the  nervous 
centres  — nervi  entobcenon'tes. 

AF'FION,  Aff'ium,  Off  urn.  Opium.  The 
Bantamese  thus  designate  an  electuary  of  which 
opium  is  the  basis,  and  which  they  use  as  an  ex- 
citant. 

AFFLA'TUS,  Adfla'tus,  Epipnoi'a,  from  ad, 
'to,'  andy?«»re,  'to  blow.'  Any  air  that  strikes 
the  body  and  produces  disease. 

AF'FLUENCE,  Afflux,  from  ajfluere,  (oc/and 
fluere,  '  to  flow,')  '  to  flow  to.'  A  flow  or  deter- 
mination of  humours,  and  particularly  of  blood, 
towards  anv  part. 

AFFLUXUS.  Fluxion. 

AFFRODILE,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

AFFUSIO,  Affusion— a.  Frigida,  see  Affusion 
— a.  Orbicularis,  Placenta. 

AFFU'SION,  Affu'sio,  Pros' chysis,  Epich'ysis, 
from  ad, '  to,'  and  fundere,  fnsum,  '  to  pour.'  The 
action  of  pouring  a  liquid  on  any  body.  Affu- 
sions, Rhyptolu'sia,  cold  and  warm,  are  used  in 


AFIUM 


39 


AGGLUTIXATIF 


different  disease?.  The  old  affusion,  Affu'sio  II 
seu  Perfu'sio  frig"  i<la,  is  said  to  have  been  bene 
ficial  in  cutting  short  typhus  fever  ami  scarlatina, 
ii  used  during  the  first  days.  It  consists  in  pla- 
cing the  patient  in  a  tab,  and  pouring  cold  water 
over  him  :  then  wiping  him  dry,  and  putting  him 
to  bed.  The  only  precaution  necessary  is,  to  use 
it  in  the  state  of  greatest  heat  and  exacerbation  ; 
not  when  chilliness,  or  topical  inflammation,  is  | 
present. 

A  II  I'M,  Opium. 

AFTER-BIRTH,  Seeundines. 

AFTER-PAINS,  See   Pains,  labour. 

AGACEMENT)  (F.)  from  ani^iv,  '  to  sharpen.' 
The  aetting  «>n  edge. 

Ad. I  ( 'EM  EX T  PES  DEN TS.  A  disagree- 
able senaation  experienced  wlien  acids  are  placed 
in  contact  with  the  teeth.  Tooth-edge.  Setting 
the  teeth  on  edge. 

AQACEMENT  PES  XEEFS.  A  slight  irri- 
tation of  the  system,  and  particularly  of  the 
organs  of  sense  and  locomotion,  corresponding 
nearly  to  the  Bnglisb  fidget*, 

AGA  II,  Intermittent   Fever. 

AGALACTATJO,  Agalactia. 

AGALACTIA,  AgalaSia,  Agalactia,  Agalac- 
ta'tio,  uefee'ttu  lat'tis,  (Jfigaga'lia,  Oligogalac- 
tia, from  •,  privative,  and  yaXa,  'milk.'  Absence 
of  milk  in  the  mamma). 

AGALAXIA.  Agalactia. 

AGAL'LOCIIUM,  from  ayaWu,  '  I  decorate,' 
Calambac,  Calambouk,  Lig'num  Agal'lochi  peri 
seu  Al'o'es  seu  Atpal'athi,  XyloUloit,  Aloes  icood. 
A  resinous  and  very  aromatic  wood  of  the  East 
Indies,  from  Erc&ea'ria  Agal'locha,  Cynome'tra 
Agnl'lochum,  Aloix'jflou  AgaPlochum.  Used  in 
making  pastils,  «tc.  —  Dioscorides,  Oribasius, 
Paulus. 

AGAMOUS,  See  Cryptogamous. 

AG'ARIC,  Agar'icum,  Agar'icus.  A  genus  of 
plants  in  the  Linnaean  system,  some  of  which  are 
edible,  others  poisonous.  It  is  supposed  to  have 
SO  called  from  Agaria,  a  region  of  Sarmatia. 
—  Dioseorides.  Among  the  edible  varieties  of  the 
Boletus,  the  following  are  the  chief: — 1.  The 
Agar1 irnn  edn'lis  seu  Arren'sis  seu  Sylvat'icus 
seu  Cam  pea' triti,  (F.)  Agaric  comestible  et  cham- 
pignon de  couehe,  2.  The  Agar' ieua  odorei'tue, 
i  P.  MnusxrroH.  The  most  common  poisonous 
varieties  are  the  Agar'icus  neea'tor,  (F.)  Agaric 
turn, -trier  j  and,  2.  The  Agaricus  acris,  (F.)  Aga- 
ric acre  ;  besides  the  Aurauite,  a  sub-genus, 
which  includes  several  species.  One  of  the  most 
delicate  is  the  Agaricus  Aurantiacus,  but  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  confound  it  with  the  A. 
Ph  udo-<turo)itincH»,  which  is  very  poisonous. 
The  A.  aurantiacus  is  called,  in  French,  Orange. 
See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

Agaric,  see  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Amadouvier, 
Boletai  laricis — a.  Wane,  Boletus  laricis — a.  de 
Chine,  BolettM  igniarini — a.  Female,  Boletus  ig- 
niarius—  a.  of  the  Oak,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a. 
Odmant,  Daedalea  suaveolens — a.  White,  Boletus 
lar'n  is. 

AGARICtJM,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AGARICUS,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Albus,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  Arvensis,  see  Agaric — a.  Auran- 
tiacus, Amanita',  Bolites  —  a.  Auriculaeforma, 
Pe/i/a  auricula — a.  Campestris,  sec  Agaric — a. 
Chirurgoram,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Igniarius, 
Boletai  igniarini — a.  Laricis,  Boletus  laricis — 
a.  Pseudo-aarantiaens,  Amanitas  —  a.  Quercus, 
Boletai  igniarini  —  a.  Svhaticus,  see  Agaric. 

AGARIPIED,  See  Feverish. 

A I  i  AST  R<  i  \  E  R'V I  A,  ( F. )  Agaetronervie,  from 
a.  privative,  yawn/fa  'stomach,'  and  vcvfjov,  'nerve.'  | 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  stomach. 

AG  ASYLLI8G  ALU  \MM.Bubon  galbanum. 

AGATHLS  DAMARRA,  Piuus  damarra. 


AGATIIOSMA  CRENATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

AGATH0TB8    CIIIRAYITA,   Gentiana  chi- 

ravita. 

AG  A'VE  AMERICA'NA,  A.  Iiamo'aa,  Ameri- 
can Agave,  American  aloe,  Magnry,  from  ayavos, 
'admirable.'  Mat,  Ord.  Bromeliacea*.  8ex.  8y*t. 
Hexandria  Mcnogynia.  This  plant  has  been 
considered  diuretic  and  antisyphilitic.  The  fa- 
vourite drink  of  the  Mexicans — Pulque — is  the 
fermented  juice  of  this  plant 

Agavk  Ramosa,  A.  Americana. 

Agave  Virgin'ica,  Rattlesnake's  master,  False 
aloe, — grows  in  the  Southern  States.  The  root 
is  very  bitter.  It  has  been  used  in  tincture  as  a 
carminative  in  colic;  and  as  a  remedy  for  bites 
of  serpents. 

AGE,  'rjXtKia,  Heli'hia,  sEtas  ; — Of  uncertain 
etymon.  Period  of  life.  Time  that  has  elapsed 
since  birth,  <fcc.  Five  ages  are  often  designated 
in  the  life  of  man  :  1.  First  infancy  (/u/an'tia  ;) 
2.  Second  infancy  (Fueri"tia  y)  3.  Adolescence 
(  Adolt -sceu'tia  ;)  4.  The  adult  age  (Viril'itae ;) 
5.  Old  age,  (Old  Eng.)  Elth,  (Scucc'tus.) 

AGENEIOS,  Imberbis. 

AGEN'ESIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ytvtais, 
'generation,'  (P.)  Agentme,  Imperfect  develop- 
ment of  any  part  of  the  body  ;  as  cerebral  age- 
nesis, i.  e.  imperfect  development  of  the  brain  in 
the  foetus.     See  Monster. 

AGENNESIA,  Impotence,  Sterilitas. 

AGENNESIS,  Impotence. 

AUENOSO'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  yewaw, 
'  I  generate,'  and  owfxa,  '  body.'  A  malformation 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  chiefly 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  urinary  or 
sexual  apparatus  absent,  or  very  rudimentary. 

AGENT,  Agens,  from  agere,  'to  act.'  Any 
power  which  produces,  or  tends  to  produce,  au 
effect  on  the  human  body.  Morbific  agents,  (F.) 
Agens  morbijiques,  are  the  causes  of  disease  ; — 
therapeutical  agents,  (F.)  Agens  therapeutiques, 
the  nieans  of  treating  it. 

AGER  NATURAE,  Uterus. 

AGERA'SIA,  Insotescen'tia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  ynfjaf,  '  old  age.'  A  vigorous  and  green  old 
age. 

AGERATUM,  Achillea  ageratum— a.  Altissi- 
mum,  Eupatorium  ageratoides. 

AGE'RATUS  LAPIS,  AyvpaTos.  A  stone 
used  by  cobblers  to  polish  shoes.  It  was  for. 
merly  esteemed  discutient  and  astringent. — Ga- 
len, Oribasius,  Paulus. 

AGES,  Palm. 

AGEUSIA,  Ageustia. 

AGEUS'TIA,  Aghens'tia,  Ageusia,  ApogeuS- 
tia,  Apogeu'sis,  Dysasthe'sia  gnstato'  ria,Anctsthe'  - 
sia  gus/ato'ria,  J'a ragcu'sis,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
yevaii,  '  taste.'  Diminution  or  loss  of  taste, 
Ana-sthe 'sia  Ungues. — Sauvages,  Cullen. 

AGGLOM'ERATE,  Agg/omeru'tus,  from  ag- 
glomerare,  (ad  and  glomerarc,  '  to  wind  up  yarn 
in  a  ball,')  'to  collect  together.'  Applied  to  tu- 
mours or  glands  in  aggregation. 

AGGLU'TINANT,  Agglu'tinans,  ColUt'fce*, 
Glu'tinans,  from  gluten,  'glue,'  (F.)  Agglutinuut . 
Agg/utinatif,  (jluti)iatif,  Collitique.  Remedies 
were  formerly  so  called,  which  were  considered 
capable  of  uniting  divided  parts. — Paulus. 

Plasters  are  called  agglutinants,  (P.J  aggltiti- 
notifx,  which  adhere  strongly  to  the  skin.  Cer- 
tain bandages  are  likewise  so  termed  ;  (F.)  Fun- 
del  ettes  agglutinative*, 

TO  AGGLUTINATE.  The  French  use  the 
word  ngg/utiuer  in  the  sense  of  'to  reunite;'  as 
agglutinin  l<*  leeres  d'une  jtlaie,  'to  reunite  the 
lips  of  a  wound.' 

AGGL UTINA TIF,  Agglutinant. 


AGGLUTINATIO 


40 


AGRYPXODES 


AGGLUTINATIO,  Coition. 
AGGLUTINATION,     Colic' sis,     Epicolle'sis, 
Proscolle'sis,    Glutina'tio,   from    agglutinare,    '  to 
glue    together.'     The    first  degree   of   adhesion. 
Also,  the  action  of  agglutinants. 
AGGLUTIXER,  To  agglutinate. 

AG'GREGATE,  Aggrega'tns,  from  aggregare, 
[  ad  and  gregare,)  '  to  flock  together,'  'to  assemble 
together.'  Glands  are  called  aggregate  which  are 
in  clusters.  See  Peyeri  Glandulae.  Aggregate 
]jills,  (F.J  Pilules  ag negatives,  signified,  formerly, 
those  which  were  believed  to  contain  the  proper- 
ties of  a  considerable  number  of  medicines,  and 
to  be  able  to  supply  their  place. 

AGHEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

A  GHOUL.  Agul. 

AGIAHA'LID  or  AGIHA'LID  or  AGRA- 
HA'LID.  An  Egyptian  and  Ethiopian  shrub, 
similar  to  Ximenia.  The  Ethiopians  use  it  as  a 
vermifuge.     The  fruit  is  purgative. 

AGIHALTD,  Agiahalid. 

AGISSAXT,  Active. 

AGITATION,  Agita'tio,  Done' sis,  from  agere, 
'to  act.'  Constant  and  fatiguing  motion  of  the 
body,  Tyrbe,  Tyrba'sia,  In'qnies, — or  distressing 
mental  inquietude, — An'imi  Agita'tio. 

AGITATORIUS,  Convulsive. 

AGLOS'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  yXcoo-tra, 
1  the  tongue.'  A  malformation,  which  consists 
in  the  want  of  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOS'TOMA,  from  Aglossia,  and  arojia, 
'mouth.'     A  mouth  without  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossostomo- 
gra'phia,  from  a,  priv.,  yXwaca,  'the  tongue,' 
cTo/xa,  'the  mouth,'  and  ypaQw,  'I  describe.' 
Description  of  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. — Ro- 
land, (of  Saumur.) 

AGLUTI'TION,  AgluW'tio,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
glutire,  '  to  swallow.'  A  hybrid  term,  designa- 
ting impossibility  of  swallowing. — LinnEeus. 

AGMA,  Fracture. 

AGMAT0L0G"IA,  from  ay/ia,  ay/iaTog,  frac- 
ture, and  \oyog,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  fractures.     A  treatise  on  fractures. 

AGME,  Fractures. 

AGMINA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. — a.  Membrana,  Amnios. 

AGMINATED  GLANDS,  Peyer's  glands. 

AGNAIL.  Hangnail. 

AGNA'THIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yvados,  'jaw.' 
A  malformation,  which  consists  in  the  want  of 
the  jaw,  especially  of  the  lower. 

AGNINA  MEMBRANA,  Amnios. 

AGNOI'A,  Agnce'a,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ytvuxTHU), 
'  I  know.'  State  of  a  patient  who  does  not  recog- 
nise individuals. — Hippocrates,  Galen,  Foe'sius. 

AGNUS  CASTUS,  Vitex. 

AGO'GE,  ayuyT}.  The  order  or  condition  of  a 
disease. — Hippoc,  Galen.  Likewise  the  state  of 
the  air. — Hippoc,  Galen,  Gorraeus,  Foe'sius. 

AGOGUE,  ayuyos,  '  a  leader,'  from  aym,  '  I  lead 
or  expel.'  Hence  Cholagogue,  an  expeller  of  bile ; 
Hydragogue,  &c. 

AGOMPHI'ASIS,  Agomplo'sis,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  yofupou),  'I  nail.'  Looseness  of  the 
teeth. — Gorraeus.     See  Gomphiasis. 

AGOMPHOSIS,  Agomphiasis. 

AGON,  Agony. 

AGONE.  Hj'oscvamus. 

AGONIA,  Sterilitas. 

AGON  ISM  A,  Agony. 

AGON  ISM  US,  Agony. 


AGONIS'TICA,  from 


ayuiv,  'a  combat.'     The 


part  of  ancient  gymnastics,  which  had  reference 
to  the  combats  of  the  Athletae. 

Also,  very  cold  water,  given  internally  to  calm 
febrile  heat. — Paulus  of  JEgina. 

AGONIZANS.  Psychorages. 

AG  ON  OS,  Sterile. 


AG'ONY,  Agon'ia,  Agon,  Agonis' ma,  Agonis'  - 
I  mue,  Mockthma,  Mogne,  Psychorag" ia,  Pxycltor- 
!|  rhag"ia,  Anyor,  Throe,  Throw,  (Sis.)  Patient  of 
death,  from  aymv,  'a  combat.'  The  la>t  struggle 
of  life. — Galen,  Gorraeus,  &c.  The  agony,  which 
is  of  longer  or  shorter  duration,  is  characterized 
by  great  change  in  the  features,  gradual  abolition 
of  sensation  and  motion,  loss  of  voice,  dryness  or 
lividity  of  the  tongue  and  lips,  rattling  in  the 
throat,  small  and  intermittent  pulse,  and  coldness 
of  the  extremities.  This  state  is  not  present  in 
those  who  die  suddenly.  See  Facies  Hippo- 
cratica. 

AGOS'TUS,  from  ayu,  '  I  lead.'  The  fore  arm 
from  the  elbow  to  the  fingers.  Also,  the  palm  of 
the  hand. — Gorraeus.     See  Palm. 

AGRA,  aypa,  from  aypeu),  '  I  seize  hold  of.'  A 
seizure,  as  Odoutagra,  a  tooth  seizure,  toothache; 
Chiragra,  Podagra,  &c. 

AGRAFE  DE  VALENTIN.  A  kind  of  for- 
ceps with  parallel  branches,  employed*  by  Valen- 
tin in  the  operation  for  hare  lip,  to  effect  the 
approximation  of  the  edges  of  the  wound. 
AGRAHALID,  Agiahalid. 
AGREGATIYES  PILULES.  See  Aggre- 
gate. 

AGREMIE,  from  agrie,  'gout/  (Piorry,)  and 
aifia,  'blood.'  The  altered  condition  of  the  blood 
in  gout. — Piorry. 

AGRIA,  Herpes  exedens,  Lichen  agrius. 
AGRIAMPELOS,  Bryonia  alba. 
AGRICOCCIMELEA,  Prunus  Spinosa. 
AGRIE,  Gout. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium. 
AGRIMONIA,      Agrimony  —  a.      Eupatoria, 
Agrimony — a.  Odorata,  Agrimony — a.   Officina- 
lis, Agrimony. 

Agrimonia  Paryiflo'ra,  Small- flow1 'ered  or 
Siceet-seented  Agrimony ;  indigenous;  has  simi- 
lar properties  to  A.  Eupatoria.     See  Agrimony. 

AG'RIMONY,  Agrimo'nia,  A.  Eupato'ria  seu 
odora'ta  seu  officinalis,  Caf'al,  Lap'pvla  hepat'- 
ica,  Cockle-bur,  Stielacort.  (F.)  Aigremmne.  Ord. 
Rosaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Digynia.  A 
mild  astringent  and  stomachic.  Dose,  in  powder, 
from  gj  to  gj. 

Agrimony,  Hemp,  Eupatorium  cannabinum — 
a.  Small-flowered,  Agrimonia  parviflora  —  a. 
Sweet-scented,  Agrimonia  parviflora. 

AGRIOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocastanum, 
Lycoperdon  tuber. 

AGRIOCINARA,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 
AGRIORIGANUM.  Origanum  majorana. 
AGRIOSELINUM,  Smvrnum  olusatrum. 
AGRIOTHYM'IA,    from    aypiog,    'ferocious,' 
and  Svfios,  'disposition.'     Ferocious  insanity. — 
Sauvages. 

AGRIPALMA  GALLIS,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 
AGRIP'PA,  jEgrip/pja,  from  ager  partus, 
'difficult  birth:'  or  perhaps  from  aypa,  'taking 
or  seizure,'  and  wovs,  'the  foot.'  This  term  has 
been  given  to  those  born  by  the  feet.  It  is  pre- 
tended that  the  family  of  Agrippa  obtained  their 
name  from  this  circumstance.  Parturition,  where 
the  feet  present,  is  called  Agrippa  partus,  Agrip- 
pi'nus  partus. 

AGRIPPINUS  PARTUS,  see  Agrippa. 
AGRO  DI  CEDRO.  see  Citrus  medica. 
AGROPYRUM  L^EVISSIMUM,  Triticum  re- 
pens. 

AGROSTEMMA  GITHAGO,  Lychnis  githago. 
AGROSTIS,    Bryonia    alba — a.   Yerticillata, 
Andropogon  muricatus. 

AGRUNA,  Prunus  spinosa. 
AGRYPNIA.  Insomnia. 
AGRYPNOCOMA,  Coma  vigil. 
AGRYPNO'DES,    from    aypv-voc,   'sleepless/ 
Characterized  by  sleeplessness.  ;is  Febria  Ayryp- 
nodeSf  a  fever  accompanied  with  sleeplessness. 


AGRYPNOTICUS 


41 


AIRIGXE 


AORYPXOTICUS,  Anthypnotic. 

AQR1  P'Nl'S.  ayov-vos.     Sleepless,  vigilant. 
(  A  DE  VERUGA,  see  Verug 

AGUARDIENTE,  Brandy.     Bee  also  Spirit. 
Bpirit 

A'<'  I  i*.  tr.m  Hothle,  agie,  '  trembling.'  (?)  In- 
tennitif  ut  fever ;  often  need  in  the  same  sense 
m  ehill  or  rigor. 

Aei  i    tun  l*i  \i:u.  Intermittent  ferer. 

Aaoa,  Br  >w,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

A  ■ .  t  K  CAKB,  /'/'('  ■„(,,/,  hri'li*  Ben  tpWnica, 
Phynco'niii    tple'nicn,    Spleui*    Tumor;    (F.)    G&- 

team  fibrile.  A  visceral  obstruction — generally 
in  Ike  spleen — which  follows  agues,  end  is  dis- 
tinctly fell  by  externa]  examination.  To  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  it  u  not  uncommon. 

Ai;i  k,  Dbad,  see  Ferer,  masked. 

Drop,  Ta8tblbsb,  Liquor  arsenicalia. 

A&UB,  Di  mil  see  Fever,  masked  —  a.  Face, 
"Neuralgia,  facial. 

Ai;i  k,  Fin :b,  Laarua  sassafras. 

.  Lbapibo,  see  Leaping  ague  —  a.  Quar- 
tan, Quartan — a.  Tertian,  Tertian  lever. 

Am  ■  Ti'.i.k.  Laurua  sassafras. 

AODB,  THIRO-DAY,  Tertian. 

Ague  Wbbd,  Enpatorium  perfoliatnm. 

AGU'IOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yviov,  'limb.' 
Mutilated  nr  wanting  limbs. — llippucr.  Weak, 
feeble.  —  Galen. 

AG  ILL,  Aghoul,  Alka'gi,  the  Hediea'rum  seu 
''rum   alhagi.     A  thorny  shrub  of  Persia 
and    Mesopotamia,   which   affords   manna.     The 
leaves  arc  purgative. 

AGYK'lAS.  from  ayvpts.  'a  collection.'  Opa- 
city of  the  crystalline. — Ai'tius,  Pare. 

AGYR'TA,  from  ayvpts,  'a  crowd.'    Formerly, 
a  stroller  who  pretended  to  supernatural  powers. 
[Subsequently,  a  quack  or  illiterate  pretender. — 
tarlatan. 

AGYRTIA,  Charlatanry. 

All"  KA.  from   a,  privative,  and   &pa,  'youth.' 
Tardy  development  of  the  organs:  the  opposite 
"to  Hyperho'ra. 

Alio!' A  I.  Thevetia  ahouai. 

AHUSAL,  Orpiment. 

AHYPNIA,  Insomnia, 

AIAULT,  oTarcisBUS  pseudo-narcissus. 

AIDE  (F.),  AtPjutor  mix' inter.  An  assistant 
to  a  surgeon  in  his  operations. 

AID010MANIA,  Nymphomania. 

AIERSA,  Iris  Germaniea. 

AfOE,  -C 

All.  l.K.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near  the 
city  of  this  name,  in  Normandy,  is  the  chaly- 
beate spring  of  St.  Xantin,  much  used  in  the 
lGth  and  17th  centuries. 

AIGLE,  MgUU. 

AIGRE,  Acidulona — '(.  Voix.     See  Acid. 

ATGRELET,  Acidulous. 

AIGRETTE,  Rumex  acetosa,  see  Typha 
latifolia. 

AIGREHOINE,  Agrimony. 

AIGREURS,  Acidities. 

AIGU,  Acute. 

AIGUE8-CAUDES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  Aiguee-chaudee,  Eattx  ehande»,  A</na  eal'- 
idcB.  Sulphurous  springs,  about  six  miles  from 
Bonnes,  Basses  Pyrenees,  in  1'rancc:  live  in 
number,  the  temperature  of  which  is,  respec- 
tively, about  70°.  81°,  92°,  93°,  and  96°. 

AIGUILLE,  Needle — a.  &  Acupuncture,  see 
Needle — <>.  <*  Appareil,  -■  Ne<  lit  •'.  <<  Bee  o\ 
Liivre,  — a.  </   Cataracte,  Bee  Needle 

— ft.  de  Deeehampe,  see  Needle— a.  Eugainte,  Bee 
Needle- — i.  u  Futule,  Bee  Needle — u.  a)  Gaine, 
■edle — n.  d  Ligature,  see  Needle — a.  d 
Manche,  Bee  Need! — a.  d  Siton,  see  Needle — a. 
u  Suturt .  see  Needle. 

A1GUILLON    (F.),    Spina    Hclmon'tii.      A 


term  used  since  the  time  of  Van  Ilelmont  to 
designate  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation. 
According  to  him,  an  inflamed  part  is  in  the 
same  condition  as  if  an  aiguillon  or  thuru  were 
thrust  into  it. 

AIGUISER,  To  acidulate. 

AIL,  Allium. 

All.  /.',  Ala.  Aileron. 

AILERON  (F.).  Extrc'ma  Ala  seu  Pin'nula, 
diminutive  of  (F.J  Aile,  a  wing.  The  extremity 
of  the  wing  of  a  bird,  to  which  the  great  feathers 
are  attached. 

AILERONS  DE  LA  MATRICE.  Three 
folds  at  the  base  of  the  broad  ligaments  of  the  ute- 
rus, which  are  occupied  by  the  ovary  and  its  liga- 
ment, the  Fallopian  tube,  and  the  round  ligament. 

AILING,  Sick.  Sickly. 

AILMENT,  Disease. 

ALMA,  'uifia,  see  llama. 

AIMANT,  Magnet. 

AIMATERA,  Hepatirrboea, 

AIMORRHCEA,  Hsemorrhagia. 

AIMORRHOIS,  Heemorrhois. 

AINE,  [nguen. 

A  I  PATH  IA,  Continent  disease. 

AIPI.  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIMA  COXEKA.  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIPOCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIR,  Acr,  Pneuma,  from  um,  '  I  breathe.' 
Common  Air,  Atmospheric  air,  (F.)  Air  atmoephS- 
riijiii ,  ia  an  invisible,  transparent,  inodorous,  in- 
sipid, ponderable,  compressible,  and  elastic  fluid, 
which,  under  the  form  of  the  atmosphere,  sur- 
rounds the  earth  to  the  height  of  lo  or  Iti  leagues. 

Air  is  essentially  composed  of  two  gases,  oxy- 
gen and  nitrogen,  in  the  proportion  of  20  of  the 
former  to  80  of  the  latter.  Oxygen  is  the  vital 
portion,  but  the  nitrogen  is  necessary  to  dilute  it. 
Air  also  contains  a  small  portion  of  carbonic  acid 
gas,  and  has  always  floating  in  it  aqueous  va- 
pour, different  terrestrial  emanations,  etc.  Its 
effects  upon  the  human  body  vary  according  to 
its  greater  or  less  density,  temperature,  moisture, 
etc.;  hence,  change  of  air  is  found  extremely 
serviceable  in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  certain 
morbid  conditions.    Sec  Climate,  and  Respiration. 

AIR  ACIDE  VITRIOLIQUE,  Sulphurous 
acid — («.  Alcalin,  Ammonia — u.  Atmosphirique, 
Air. 

Am  Bladder,  Swim-bladder,  Swimming-blad- 
der, Tin-  Swim,  (1*.)  Vesrie  natatoire.  An  ab- 
dominal organ  in  many  lishes,  sometimes  com- 
manieating  by  means  of  a  duct,  Ductus  pneu- 
mat'icue,  with  the  alimentary  canal,  at  others, 
not,  which  is  considered  by  some  to  belong  to 
the  respiratory  system.  1 1 >  contents  are  the  ele- 
ments of  atmospheric  air,  but  in  different  propor- 
tions, and  its  chief  and  general  function  appears 
to  lie  to  regulate  the  specific  gravity  of  the  Bab. 

Am  Cells  o?  the  Li  was,  Bronchial  ceils;  see 
Cellule — a.  Chamber,  Folliculus  BBris. 

Am.  Dbphlocmsticated,  Oxygen  —  a.  Empy- 
real, Oxygen. 

All!  '/>/  FEU,  Oxygen. 
Air,  Factitious,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Fixed, 
Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Gati,  Azote  —  a.  Hfpatiqne, 
Hydrogen  sulphuretted — a.  Inflammable,  Hydro- 
gen, Hydrogen  carbnretted  —  a.  Mephitic,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

Aib  Passages,  (F.)  Voiee  uiriennee,  1.  mri. 
fins.     The  larynx,  trachea,  bronchia,  i 
AIR  /'/AM'.  Hydrogen,  Bulpbui 

AlR,    Pi  iik.    0«J  -    lid,    of   Hah-.  Car- 

bonic acid — a.  Vieit,  A/oti — a.  Vital,  Ox] 
AIR  UN,  Bell-metal,  Brass. 

AIRE,  Areola. 

AIRELLE  ANGULEUSE,  Vaecinium  myr- 
tillus — a.  Panetuie,  Vaecinium  vitis  idssa. 
AIRIGNE,  Hook. 


AIRTHREY 


42 


ALBUGINEOUS 


AIRTHREY,     MINERAL     WATERS      OF. 

Airthrey  is  situate  about  two  miles  north  of 
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters  are  saline  ca- 
thartics; containing  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  calcium,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium. 

AfSELLE.  Axilla. 

AISTHESIS,  yEsthesis. 

AITHOMO'MA,  from  aiSos,  'black.'  A  black 
condition  of  all  the  humours  of  the  eye.    A.  Pare. 

AITIA,  Cause. 

AITIOLOGY,  .Etiologia. 

AITION,  Cause. 

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Called  by  the  Germans,  Aachen.  A  ther- 
mal, sulphureous  mineral  water,  which  contains, 
in  1000  grammes,  28.54  cubic  inches  of  sulpho- 
hydric  acid  gas,  18.05  cubic  inches  of  carbonic 
acid  gas,  0.1304  grammes  of  carbonate  of  lime, 
0.0440  grammes  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  0.5444 
grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda,  2.3697  grammes 
of  chloride  of  sodium,  0.2637  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
and  0.0705  of  silica.  The  temperature  is  134° 
Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  water  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  A' qua 
Aquisgranen'sis,  (F.)  Ean  d' Aix-la-Chapelle,  is 
made  by  adding  pure  water  fSjxvijss,  to  hydro- 
sulphuretted  water  f^fiv.,  carbonate  of  soda  gr. 
XX,  chloride  of  sodium  gr.  ix. — Ph.  P. 

There  are  thermal  sulphureous  springs  at  Aix 
In  Savoy  (98°),  and  some  thermal  springs  at  Aix 
in  Provence  (91°). 

AIZOON,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

A'JUGA,  A.  jyyramida'lis,  Consol'ida  me' din, 
Bu'gula,  B.  pyramida'lis,  Teu'crium  pyramida'le, 
Upright  Bugloss,  Middle  Cousound,  (F.)  Bugle 
pyramidale.  This  plant  is  subastringent  and 
bitter. 

Ajuga  Cham.epitys,  Teucrium  chama?pitys. 

Ajuga  Reptans,  Bu'gula,  B.  reptans,  Common 
Bugle.  (F.)  Bugle  rampante,  has  similar  properties. 

AKATALIS,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKATERA,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKERATODIAPHANIE,  see  Caligo. 

AKINESIA,  Acinesia. 

AKNEMIA,  Acnemia. 

AKOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

AKRATOPEG^E,  Acratopegae. 

AKSIS,  Intermittent  Fever. 

ALA,  Pinna,  Pteryx,  'a  wing,'  (F.)  Aile.  A 
term  often  used  by  anatomists  for  parts  which 
project  like  a  wing  from  the  median  line;  as  the 
Al(B  nasi,  Alas  of  the  uterus,  etc.  See  Axilla,  and 
Pavilion  of  the  Ear.     Also,  Pterygium. 

Ala  Extrema,  see  Aileron. 

ALABAMA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Tallahatta  springs  contain  sulphur,  and  salts  of 
iron,  lime,  and  magnesia.  But  the  most  noted 
are  those  of  Bladen.  See  Bladen,  Mineral  Wa- 
ters of.  Bailey's  spring  is  an  acidulo-sulphu- 
reous  chalybeate.  It  is  fourteen  miles  from  Tus- 
cumbia. 

ALABASTER,  Alabas'trum,  (F.)  Albdtre, 
Alabastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact  gypsum ; 
of  which  an  ointment  was  once  made — the  un- 
guen'tum  alabastri'num ;  used  as  a  discutient. 
Alabaster  likewise  entered  into  several  denti- 
frices. 

ALABASTRITES.  Alabaster. 

AL/E  INTERNA  MINORES  CLITORIDIS, 
Nympha? — a.  Magna?,  see  Sphenoid  bone — a.  Ma- 
jorca, Labia  pudendi — a.  Minores,  Nyraphae,  see 
Sphenoid  bone — a.  Muliebres  minores,  Nympbae 
— a.  Nasi,  see  Nasus — a.  Pudendi  Muliebris,  La- 
bia pudendi — a.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo — a.  of 
the  Uterus,  see  Ala — a.  Yespertilionis,  see  Uterus. 

ALAISE.  Alese. 

ALAITER.  from  (F.)  lait,  'milk.'    To  suckle. 

ALALIA,  Mutitas. 


A  LAMB IC,  Alembic. 

ALANFU'TA.  A  name  given  by  the  Arabians 
to  a  vein,  situate  between  the  chin  and  lower  lip, 
which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  opening  in  cases 
of  foetor  of  the  breath. — Avicenna. 

ALAQUE'CA.  The  Hindoostanee  name  of  a 
stone,  found  in  small,  polished  fragments,  which 
is  considered  efficacious  in  arresting  haemorrhage 
when  applied  externally.    It  is  a  sulphuret  of  iron. 

ALARES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

Ala'res  Yen^e.  The  superficial  veins  at  the 
fold  of  the  arm. 

ALARIA  OSSA.  The  wing-like  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

ALA'RIS,  Ala'tus,  Aliform'is;  from  ala,  'a 
wing.'     Wins-shaped,  winded. 

AL AT ERN US,  COMMON,  Rhamnus  alater- 
nus — a.  Latifolius,  Rhamnus  alaternus. 

ALA'TUS,  Pterygo'des,  Homo  ala'tus.  One 
whose  scapulae  project  backwards  like  wings. 

ALBA'DARAN,  Aldabaran.  The  sesamoid 
bone  of  the  metatarso-phalangal  joint  of  the 
great  toe.  The  Rabbis  and  Magicians  attributed 
extraordinary  virtues  to  it. — Arabians. 

ALBAGIAZI,  Sacrum. 

ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBAN,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  French  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department 
of  the  Loire. 

ALBARAS  ALBA,  Lepra  alphoides — a.  Nigra, 
Lepra  nigricans. 

ALBAR/ES,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBAROS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBATRE,  Alabaster. 

ALBEDO  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

ALB IX  D'CECF,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBINISM,  see  Albino. 

ALBINISM  US.  see  Albino. 

ALBI'NO,  'White.'  Leuca'thiops,  sEthiops 
albus,  Doudo,  from  albus,  'white,'  (F.)  Blafard, 
Xegre-blanc.  A  Spanish  word  applied  to  indivi- 
duals of  the  human  race  who  have  the  skin  and^ 
hair  white  (Achromodermie  and  Achromotricho- 
mie. — Piorry);  the  iris  very  pale,  bordering  on 
red;  and  the  eyes  so  sensible  that  thejT  cannot 
bear  the  light  of  day.  This  condition,  which  has 
been  called  Leuccethio'pia,  Alpho'sis  JEthiop'ica, 
Albino'is'mus,  Albinis'mus,  Al'binism,  Kakerla- 
Icism,  Leucopathi'a,  Leuco'sis,  is  seen  more  fre- 
quently in  the  Negro.  Both  sexes  are  exposed 
to  it.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  true  that  there  are 
tribes  of  Albinos  in  the  interior  of  Africa. 

ALBINOISMUS,  see  Albino. 

ALBOR  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

AL'BORA.  A  kind  of  itch  or  complicated 
leprosy. — Paracelsus. 

ALBOT.  Crucible. 

ALBOTIM,  Terebinthina. 

ALBUGINE,  Albuginea,  Albueineous. 

ALBUGIN'EA,  A.  Testis,  Tu'uica  albugiu'ea, 
Perites'tis,  Dura  mater  testis,  Membra'na  capsula*- 
ris  testis.  (F.)  Albugine,  Tiuu'que  albuginee.  A 
strong,  fibrous,  and  resisting  membrane,  which 
immediately  envelopes  the  testicle,  and  has.  at 
its  upper  part,  an  enlargement,  called  corpus 
Highmorianum.  From  its  inner  surface  it  sends 
off"  a  number  of  flat,  filiform  prolongations  or 
septa,  between  which  are  contained  the  semi- 
niferous vessels.  Externally,  it  is  covered  by  the 
tunica  vaginalis  testis. 

ALBUGIN'EOUS,  Albugin'eus,  'white.'  from 
albus,  (F.)  Albugine.  A  term  applied  to  textures, 
humours,  &c,  which  are  perfectly  white. 

ALBUGIN'EOUS  FIBRE,  (F.)  Fibre  albuginee.  A 
name  given  by  Chaussier  to  what  he  considers 
one  of  the  four  elementary  fibres. 

The  albugineous  fibre  is  linear,  cylindrical, 
tenacious,  elastic,  but  little  extensible,  and  of  a 
shining,  satiny  appearance.     It  forms  fascia?  or 


ALBUGIMTIS 


43 


ALCIIEMILLA 


fasciculi,  which  constitute  the  tendons,  articular 
ligaments,  and  aponeuroses;  hence  the  name 
AJbiigineaue  membrane*,  given  by  Chaussier  to 
the  fibrous  membranes. 

Gautbier  considered,  that  the  rote  mueosum 
consists  of  four  layers,  to  two  of  which  be  gives 
the  names  membra' ma  nlbugin'ea  pro/tin' da  and 
membra*  no  albugiu'ea  superfieia'lie,  respectively. 

ALBUGINTTIS,  (F.)  Albuginite,  A  term 
employed  by  some  authors  for  inflammation  of 
the  albagtneotyfl  tissue.  Thus.  p'tit  and  rheu- 
matism are  regarded  as  species  of  the  genus 
albuginitis. 

ALBUGO  OCULORUM,  Leuconia  — a.  Ovi, 
Albumen  ovi. 

ALBl'LA.  Leueoma. 

ALUl'M  CAMS,  Album  graeeum  —  a.  Ceti, 
Cctaeeum. 

ALBUM  Gr.kcum,  Album  Cam's,  C>/noc'oprus, 
Spo'dinm  Oraco'rwm,  St  ere  us  Cani'num  Album. 
The  white  tlim.tr  of  the  dog.  It  consists  almost 
wholly  of  phosphate  and  carbonate  of  lime,  from 
the  bones  used  as  food.  It  was  formerly  applied 
as  a  discutient  gargle  in  quinsies,  and  as  an  anti- 
epileptic;  but  is  now  justly  banished  from 
practice. 

ALBUM  Nigrum.  The  excrement  of  the  mouse. 

Album  Oculi,  see  Sclerotic. 

ALBUM  Rhazis.  A  white  ointment  made  of 
cerusse  and  lard,  prescribed  by  the  Arabian  phy- 
sician Rhazes. 

ALBU'MEX,  Lcuco'ma,  Ooni'ne,  Ozemun,  from 
alius,  'white.'  (F.)  Albumin*.  An  immediate 
principle  of  animals  and  vegetables,  which  con- 
stitutes the  chief  part  of  the  white  of  egg.  It  is 
found  in  the  serum,  chyle,  synovia,  serous  fluids. 
<v.c.  There  is  not  much  difference  in  chemical 
composition  between  animal  and  vegetable  albu- 
men, fihrin  and  casein.  Also,  the  white  of  the 
eye.     See  Sclerotic. 

Albu'men  Ovi,  Ovalbu'men,  Albu'men,  Albu'- 
mor,  Afbu'f/o  seu  Albor  seu  Can'didum  Ovi, 
Clare'ta,  Ovi albus  liquor,  Albumen' turn,  Lac  avis, 
white  of  egg,  (F.)  Blanc  d'auf,  (Old  F.)  A/bin 
d'atuf,  is  used  in  pharmacy  for  suspending  oils, 
Ac,  in  water.     See  Ovum. 

Albumen.  Salivary,  see  Saliva. 

ALBUMINS,  Albumen  — a.  Ceribrale,  Neu- 
rine — a.  du  Cerveau,  Xeurine. 

ALBU'MIXOII),  Albumiuni'de*. from  albumen, 
and  ttSoi;, '  resemblance.'  Resembling  albumen,  as 
fibrin,  casein,  Ac.  It  is  often  applied  to  aliments 
in  the  same  sense  as  proteinous. 

ALBU'MINOSl.  The  soluble  principle  of 
fibrin,  identical  with  the  dominant  principle  of 
the  white  of  e^^. — Bouchardat.  According  to 
others,  the  ultimate  product  of  the  transformation, 
in  the  stomach,  of  albuminoid  matters,  which 
renders  them  fit  for  assimilation  and  nutrition. 
Alhuminose  U  not  ooagulable  by  heat,  and  incom- 
pletely so  by  acids  ;  an  excess  of  acid  dissolving 
the  precipitate.  Robin  and  Verdcil  regard  it  as 
synonymous  with  the  casein  of  the  small  intestine 
of  Tiedemann  and  GmeMn,  the  gelatini/orm  matter 
of  the  intestine  of  Prevost  and  Morin,  and  the 
casein  at"  the  blood  of  Dumas.     See  Peptone. 

ALBUMINO'SLS.  A  condition  of  the  blood, 
in  which  the  ratio  of  albumen  is  increased,  as  in 
abdominal  typhus,  variola,  rubeola,  Ac.  Moser 
attd  Stralil. 

ALBUMINURIA.  A  hybrid  term  from  'alln- 
vkii,'  and  ovpov,  'the  urine.'  A  condition  of  the 
urine  in  which  it  contains  albumen,  the  presence 
of  which  is  indicated  by  its  coagulation  on  the 
application  <>f  adequate  heat.  See  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

ALBUMINURIC,  Albumin** riene,  (F.)  Alim- 
minurique.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  albumi- 
nuria.    One  labouring  under  Albuminuria. 


ALBUMIXURORRHEE,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  <>f  the. 

ALBUMOR,  Albumen  ova. 

AL'CAESTi  A/'raltt'xt,  AFchaeet,  perhaps  from 
(G.)  all.  'all.'  and  geist,  'spirit.'  A  word  in- 
vented by  Paracelsus  to  designate  a  liquor,  which, 
according  to  him,  was  capable  of  removing  every 
kind  of  swelling. 

The  same  word  was  used  by  Van  Helmont  for 
a  fancied  universal  solvent,  capable  of  reducing 
every  bQdy  to  its  elements. 

Alcakst  ok  Glaubbr  is  a  thick  liquor  ob- 
tained by  detonating  nitrate  of  potassa  on  hot 
coals,  which  transforms  it  into  subcarbonate  of 
potassa. 

Alcakst  ok  Rkspour  is  a  mixture  of  potassa 
and  oxvd  of  zinc. 

ALCAHEST,  Alcaest. 

ALOAHOL,  AloohoL 

ALCALES'CENCE,  All-ales' cence,  Alcahscen'- 
tia.  The  condition  in  which  a  fluid  becomes 
alkaline. 

Alcalescenck  op  the  Humours  was  an  old 
notion  of  the  humourists.  It  can  only  occur 
during  the  putrid  fermentation  of  animal  mat- 
ters, which  contain  azote,  and  produce  ammonia. 
Alcalin'ity  is  the  quality  of  being  alcaline. 

AL'CALI  or  Alca'li,  A  I' kali,  from  al  (Arab.,) 
'the,'  and  kali,  the  name  of  the  Salso'la  Soda, 
a  plant  which  contains  a  large  quantity  of  one 
of  the  principal  alkalis — soda.  The  alkalis  are 
substances  soluble  in  water,  possessing  generally 
a  urinous,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste,  turning  the 
syrup  of  violets  green,  and  restoring  to  blue  in- 
fusion of  litmus,  which  has  been  reddened  by 
acids;  reddening  the  yellow  of  turmeric,  and 
having  the  greatest  tendency  to  unite  with  acids, 
whose  character  they  modify,  and  form  salts  with 
them.  In  medicine  we  understand  by  this  term 
Potassa,  Soda,  or  Ammonia. 

Alcalt,  Caustic,  Al'kali  Cans'ticum.  A  pure 
alkali.     One  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid. 

Alcalis,  Fixed,  Soda  and  potassa;  Volatile 
Alcali,  Ammonia. 

Alcali  Ammoniacum  Acetatum,  Liquor  am- 
monia? acetatis — a.  Ammoniacum  fluidum,  Liquor 
ammonias — a.  Fixum  tartarizatum,  Potassa-  tar- 
tras — a.  Minerale  sulphuricum.  Soda,  sulphate 
of — a.  Tartari  aceto  saturatum,  Potassae  acetas — 
a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum.  Potassae 
murias  hyperoxygenatus — a.  Vegetabile  tartari- 
zatum, Potassa)  tartras — a.  Vegetabile  vitriola- 
tuin,  Potassae  sulphas — a.  Volatile  acetatum, 'Li- 
quor ammonias  acetatis  —  a.  Volatile  aeratum, 
Ammoniae  carbon  as — a.  Volatile  ex  sale  ammo- 
niaco,  Ammoniae  carbonas. 

ALCALIGENE,  Azote. 

ALCALINITY.     See  Alkalescence. 

AL'CALOID:  from  alcali  and  ciSog,  'form.' 
A  name  given  to  the  organic  alcalis  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  mineral,  from  which  they  differ  as 
regards  composition  and  general  properties  ; — 
having  nothing  in  common  but  their  basic  pro- 
perties. Prucia,  Emctia,  Morphia,  Strychnia, 
Ac,  are  alcaloids. 

ALCANA,  Anehusa  officinalis. 

ALCANNA  MAJOR  LATIFOLIA  BEXTA- 
TA,  Prinos — a.  Orientalis,  Lawsonia  biennis — a. 
Spuria,  Anehusa  tinctoria — a.  Vera,  Lawsonia 
inermis. 

ALCEA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  JEgyptiaca, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  Indica,  QibisCUS  abel- 
moschus. 

Al'cka  Ro'sk.A,  Common  hol/i/hock,  Hoc,  Hocks. 
Emollient,  like  Althaea. 

ALCHACHENGE,  Pbysalis. 

ALCHACHIL,  Rosmarinus. 

ALCHAEST,  Aloahest. 

ALCHEMIL'LA,  said  to  have  been  celebrated 


ALCHEMY 


44 


ALEIMMA 


with  the  Alchemists  [?],  supposed  by  some  to  be     Halleri — a.  Sulphuris,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — a. 


of    Arabic    derivation. 


ndgc 


Ladies'  Mantle,  Pes  Leo'nis,  Leontopo'dium,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Lion.     Formerly  iu  great  repute  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage. 
ALCHEMY,  Alchvmy. 
ALCHITRAM,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 
ALCHITURA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 
ALCOHOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCHORNEA  LATIFOLIA,  see  Alcornoque. 
AL'CHYMY,  AV chewy,  Alchewi'a,  AlchimV a, 
Adcp'ta  Philoaoph'ia,  from  al,  an  Arabic  par- 
ticle, signifying,  'superiority,  excellence,'  and 
Ohimia,  '  Chymistry.'  This  word  was  formerly 
synonymous  with  Chymistry;  but,  from  the  7th  j 
century,  it  has  been  applied  to  the  mysterious  art 
of  endeavouring  to  discover  a  universal  remedy, 
and  a  mode  of  transmuting  the  baser  metals  into 
gold :  an  operation  to  which  they  gave  the  name 
Opus  wa<jnum,  and  Philosopher's  stone. 

Alchvmy  has  also  been  called  Scien'tia  vel 
Philosoph'ia  Herwet' ica,  from  an  idea  that  Her- 
mes or  Mercury  was  its  inventor. 

Harris  has  well  defined  this  chimerical  art: 
'Ars  sine  arte,  citjus  prtneipium  est  mentiri,  we- 
dium  laborare,  et  finis  mendicare.' 

Al'chymist,  (Old  Eng.)  Alkymistre,  Flatua'- 
rius.  Adept'.  One  pretending  to  alchymy. 
ALCOCALUM,  Cynara  scolymus. 
AL'COHOL,  Al'cahol,  Alchool,  Alkol,  Alcol, 
Al'cool,  Al'lcool.  An  Arabic  word,  formerly  used 
fur  an  impalpable  powder,  and  signifying  '  very 
subtile,  much  divided.'  At  the  present  day  it  is 
applied  to  highly  rectified  spirit  of  wine:  —  see 
Spiritus  rectificatus  or  rectified  spirit,  distilled 
from  dried  subcarbonate  of  potassa.  In  the  Ph. 
U.  S.,  Alcohol  is  rectified  spirit  of  the  specific 
gravity  0.835.  The  Dublin  college  has  a  spiritus 
fortior,  used  in  the  preparation  of  certain  essences, 
whose  specific  gravity  is  .818.  Alcohol,  absolute 
ulcohol,  of  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharma- 
copoeias, is  of  specific  gravity  .797. 

Alcohol  is  an  inflammable  liquor,  lighter  than 
water,  of  a  warm,  acrid  taste,  colourless,  trans- 
parent, and  of  a  pungent,  aromatic  smell.  It  is 
the  product  of  the  distillation  of  vinous  liquors  ; 
is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions,  and  is 
the  direct  solvent  of  resins,  balsams,  &c.  Various 
other  vegetable  principles  are  soluble  in  it,  and 
hence  it  is  used,  in  different  states  of  concentra- 
tion, in  the  preparation  of  elixirs,  tinctures,  es- 
sences, &c. 

Alcohol  acts  on  the  animal  body  as  a  powerful 
stimulus  :  as  such,  in  a  dilute  form,  it  is  used  in 
the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  Its  habitual 
and  inordinate  use  is  the  cause  of  many  serious 
affections,  of  a  chronic  character  especially,  as 
visceral  obstructions,  dropsy,  <fcc. 

Alcohol,  absolute,  see  Alcohol  —  a.  iEthe- 
reus  Ferratus,  A.  Sulfurico-aethereus  ferri  —  a. 
cum  Aloe  perfoliate,  Tinctura  aloes  —  a.  Am- 
monia? et  guaiaci,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata 
—  a.  Ammoniatum,  Spiritus  ammonia?  —  a.  Am- 
Tioniatuui  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonia?  aro- 
maticus  —  a.  Ammoniatum  fcetidum,  Spiritus 
ammoniac  fcetidus  —  a.  Amylicum,  Oil,  fusel — ! 
a.  cum  Aromatibus  sulphuricatus,  Sulphuricum 
ac-idum  aromaticum — a.  cum  Aromatibus  compo- 
situs,  Tinctura  cinnaraomi  composite — a.  Casto- 
riatum.  Tinctura  castorei — a.  cum  Crotone  easca- 
rilla.  Tinctura  eascarillae — a.  Dilutum,  Spiritus 
tenuior — a.  Ferratus,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — 
a.  cum  Sulphate  ferri  tartarisatus,  see  Ferrum  j 
tartarisatum — a.  cum  Guaiaco  officinale  ammo-  j| 
niatus,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  a.  Iodii. 
Tinctura  Iodinae  —  a.  cum  Opio,  Tinctura  opii 
— a.  Methylic,  Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — a.  Pyroxylic 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — a.  Sulphuricatuin,  Elixir 
acidum  Halleri — a.  Sulphuricum,  Elixir  aciduru  j 


Common   [Vim,    Spiritus   rectificatus  —  a.    Wood,    Spiritus 


pyroxvlicus. 

ALCOHOL'IC,  Alcohol'icus,  Spirituo'su*,Spir'- 
ituous.  (F.)  Alcoolique.  Relating  to  or  contain- 
ing alcohol — as  an  alcoholic  drink  or  remedy. 

ALCOHOLISM'US,   Al'coholism,   (F.),    A/co- 
•  ofisme.     The  series  of  morbid    phenomena  pro- 
duced bv  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors. 
ALCOL,  Alcohol. 
ALCOL^l.  Aphthae. 
ALCOL  AT,  Alcoolat. 

ALCOOL,  Alcohol — a.  Cawphre,  Spiritus  cam- 
phora?. — a.  de  Sou/re,  Carbonis  suluhuretum. 

ALCOOLAT,  Spirit.  It  now  generally  signi- 
fies alcohol,  charged,  by  distillation,  with  the  vola- 
tile principles  of  certain  substances,  or  a  distilled 
spirit, — Alcolat  (Codex  med.  of  Paris). 

ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture  — a.  Antiseorbuti- 
cum,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis  —  a.  Carminativum 
Sylvii,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis — a.  de  Croco  coni- 
positum,  Tinctura  de  Croco  composita. 

ALCOOLATURE,  Teinture  avec  les  plantes 
fraiches.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beral  to  certain 
preparations  introduced  by  him,  which  consist  of 
alcohol,  charged,  by  maceration,  with  the  soluble 
principles  of  fresh  plants.     See  Tincture. 

ALCOOLE.    A  name  given,  in  the  new  French 
pharmaceutical    nomenclature,  to  medicines  re- 
sulting  from    the    solvent  action   of   alcohol  on 
different  substances,  or  from  its  admixture  with 
liquids  which  unite  with  it  in  all  proportions. 
See  Tincture. 
ALCOOLE  SUCRE,  Ratafia. 
ALCOOLIQUE,  Alcoholic. 
ALCOOLISER  (F.)  Formerly,  'to  reduce  into 
an  impalpable  powder.'     Xo  longer  used. 
ALCOOLISME.  Alcoholismus. 
ALCOOLOMETER,  Areometer. 
ALCOOMETER.  Areometer. 
ALCORNOQUE  (F.),  Cortex  Alcornoco.    The 
bark  of  Alchor'nea  lati/o'lia,  of  Jamaica,  which 
has  been  considered  capable  of  curing  phthisis. 
It  is  bitter,  tonic,  and  slightly  astringent.     Dose 
I  of  the  powder  "*)\  to  £ss. 

AL'CYON,  Halcyon.     A   swallow  of  Cochin 
I  China,  whose  nest  is  gelatinous  and  very  nutri- 
'  tious.     It  has  been  proposed  in  medicine  as  ana- 
leptic and  aphrodisiac. 

ALCYO'XIUM.  Bastard   sponge.     The  ashes 
I  were  formerly  employed  as  dentrifices  :  they  were 
!  believed  proper  for  favoring  the  growth   of  the 
hair  and  beard,  and  were  used  in  Alopecia. 
ALDABARAX,  Albadaran. 
ALDEHYDE,  see  Anaesthetic. 
ALDER,  AMERICAN.    Alnus    serratula— a. 
Black,  Prinos,  Rhamnus  frangula — a.  European. 
Alnus  glutinosa — a.  White,  Clethra  alnifolia. 
ALE",  Cerevisia. 

Ale,  White.     A  drink,  used  in   Devonshire, 
England,  amongst  the  ingredients  of  which  are 
milk,  spice,  and  spirit. 
ALEACAS.  Glycyrrhiza. 

ALEBERRY.     A  beverage,  formerly  made  by 
boiling  ale  with   spice  and  sugar,  and  sops  of 
bread.     It  was  given  to  invalids. — Palsgrave. 
ALECOST,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
ALECTO'RIUS     LAPIS,    Alecto'ria ;     from 
a>£icrwp,  '  a  cock.'    The  name  of  a  stone,  supposed 
to  exist  in  the  stomach  of  the  cock,  or.  according 
to  others,  in  that  of  the  capon,  four  years  old. 
Many  marvellous  properties  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  it,  which  are  as  groundless  as  its  exist- 
ence.   There  are  no  stones  in  the  stomach,  except 
what  have  been  swallowed. 
ALEGAR.  Acetum. 
ALEHOOF,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
ALEIMMA,  Liniment. 


ALE  IP  II A 


45 


ALIMENT 


ALEIPIIA.  Liniment. 

A  I.  I'll' IK  III  I'M.  from  a\ct<pu>,  'I  anoint." 
The  place  in  the  ancient  gymnasium  where  the 
combatants  anointed  themselves. 

ALEIP'TRON.  Same  etymon.  A  box  for 
containing  ointments. 

ALEM  \.  Farina. 

ALEM'BIC  [Amb.),  Moonhead,  Oapitel'lum, 
Capit'utum,  Am'bieue,  (F.)  Alnmbie.  A  utensil 
ma  le  if  glass,  metal,  or  earthen  ware,  adapted 
for  distillation.     A  etilL     It  consists  of  a  body 

or  cururhit,  (F.)  CUCUrbite,  chand it  re,  to  which  is 

attached  a  head  <>r  capital,  (F.)  ckapiteav,  and 

out  of  this  a  b-  ak  descends  laterally  to  be  inserted 

into  the  receiver,  worm,  condenser,  or  refrigera- 
tor,  1".  terpentin,  n'friji 'rant,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

ALEM'BROTII  (Salt.)  Sal  Alembroth.  The 
alchy  mists  designated  by  this  name,  and  by 
those  of  Sal  xnj,ii ■u'ficr,  Sal  artie,  Sal  vitce  and 
iti(r,  the  product  resulting  from  the  Bub- 
limation  of  a  mixture  of  corrosive  sublimate  and 
sal  ammoniac    It  is  stimulant,  but  not  employed. 

ALJSSE  V.  .  AUte,  Alaiee,  Lin'teum,  from 
eiAt^w.  '  I  preserve,'  A  guard.  A  cloth  arranged 
ral  folds,  and  placed  upon  a  bed,  so  as  to 
guard  it  from  the  lochial  or  other  discharges. 

ALETON,  Farina. 

ALETRIS,  A.  farinosa. 

Al'ktris  (l'h.  V .  >.'.  A.  Farino'na  seu  alba, 
Stargraee,  Stanoort,  Blazing  star,  Aloe-root, 
Hitter-gnus,  Black  rout.  Unicorn  root.  Ague  root, 

,.*,  Colic  root.  Dcril'x  bit.  Mealy  Dtarirurt, 

(trie.     X>it.  Ord.  Asphodelea?.     Sex.  Syst. 

Ifexandria  Monogynia,     This  plant  is  an  intense 

and  permanent  hitter,  and  is  used  as  a  tonic  and 

Stomachic,     It  is  common  in  the  United  States. 

Albtus  alba.  Aletris — a.  Aurea;  indigenous 
— has  similar  virtues. 

ALEURON,  Farina. 

ALEUROTESIS,  see  Cribration. 

ALEXANDERS,  Bmyrnium  ornsatrum. 

ALEXANDRI  ANTIDOTUS  AUREA.  See 
Alexandrine. 

ALEXAN'DRINB,  Bmplae'tnm  Alexan'dri. 
A  garlic  plaster,  invented  by  Alexander,  contem- 
porary of  Mesne.  Other  ancient  preparations 
were  called  'Alexandrine;'  as  the  Alexan'dri 
'<m  au'rea,  used  in  apoplexy;  the  Collyr'- 
ium  eiccuen  Alexandri'nunifOT1  Colly rium  of  King 
Alexander,'  mentioned  by  Aetius. 

ALEXICACUM,  Amuletum,  Alexipharmic. 

ALEXII'HAR'MIC,  Alexiphar'macw,,  Anti- 
phar' a  tea' cue,    Caco-alexite' ria,   Lexi- 

phur' niiiriM,  (F.)  Alexiphariiuu/iie,  from  a\c^civ, 
'  to  repel,'  and  <papnaKov,  '  p<jison.'  A  term  for- 
merly used  for  medicines  which  were  considered 
proper  for  expelling  from  the  body  various  mor- 
bific principles,  or  for  preventing  the  bad  effects 
of  poisons  taken  inwardly. 

ALEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

ALEXIR.  Elixir. 

ALEX1  T  K'  I!  I  A.  Cacalexite'ria,  from  a\^aaSat, 
'to  as.-i>t.'  Originally,  alexiterium  was  used 
synonymously  with  remedy.  In  more  modern 
times  it  has  he*n  applied  to  a  elasi  of  medicines, 
that  counteract  poisons  placed  in  contact  with 
the  exterior  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to 
alexipharmic. 

ALEXITERIUM  CHLORICUM,  see  Disin- 
fection— a.  Nitricum,  see  Disinfection. 

ALEZE,  Aliee. 

ALFUSA,  T.itia. 

ALGA  M  \KI\A.  Pila  marina. 

ALGAL W,  Catheter. 

ALGALIE,  Catheter. 

AL'GAROTH,  Al'garot,  Algaro'thi  Puttie, 
Puhis  Angel' icue,  Ox'idum  seu  Submu'riae  Stib'ii 


prcpcipitan'do  para' turn,  Antimo'nii  Os'i/dnm, 
Oj'idnm    ant  into'  nii   A itro-mtiriat'  ienni,   Ox'idlltH 

Stib'ii  A<"id<>  Muriat'ico  orygena'te  para  tun, 
Mercu'riue  Vitet,  Mereu'riue  Mortis,  Flowere  uf 
Antimony,  (F.)  O.rydt  d' Ant imnine,  so  called  from 

Victor  Algarothij  a  Veronese  physioian  ;  sepa- 
rated from  the  t>  rchloride  e/  antimony  by  pouring 
the  terehloride  into  a  Large  quantity  of  water. 
When  this,  an  OXyobloride,  is  washed  with  abun- 
dance of  water  to  separate  the  muriatic  acid,  and 
afterwards  by  a  solution  of  alkali  to  remove  the 
terehloride,     the    teroxide   of   antimony,    Antimo- 

uii  Oxidum  of  the  Edinburgh  pharmacopoeia  is 

left.  It  was  formerly  much  used  as  an  emetic, 
purgative,  and  diaphoretic. 

ALGE'DO,  from  a\yos,  '  pain.'  Violent  pain 
about  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  occasionally  oc- 
curring in  gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 

A  LOEDOBT,  l'ain. 

ALGEMA,  Pain. 
ALGESIS,  Fain. 

ALGETICUS,  SeeAlgos. 

AL'GIDUS,  from  algor,  '  cold.'  (F.)  Algidk. 
That  which  is  accompanied  by  coldness. 

Al'gida  Fkbkis,  Febrie  horrif'ioa  seu  hor'- 
rida  seu  qner'quera  sen  cry  aw' dee,  Bry'eetue, 
Bry'chetue.  (F.)  Fiivre  algide,  Algid  Fewer.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  by  icy  cold- 
ness, which  is  often  fatal  in  the  second  or  third 
paroxysm, 

ALGOR,  Rigor. 

ALGOS,  aAyoj,  'pain.'  See  Pain.  Hence, 
Alget'ieu*,  'painful.'  as  Epilep'eia  alget'iea.  The 
suffix  al>/i«  has  the  same  Signification  —  as  in 
Cephalalgia,  Pleural-gia,  Neuralgia,  &c. 

ALGOsPAS'MUS,  from  aAyo?,  'pain,'  and 
cvaafxoi,  '  spasm.'  Painful  spasm  or  cramp  of  the 
muscles. 

ALOUE  COMMUNE,  Pila  marina— a.  Marine, 
Pila  marina — a.  des  Verriem,  Pila  marina. 

ALIIAGI,  Agul. 

ALIIANDAL,  see  Cucuinis  colocynthis. 

ALIIASEF,  Sudamina. 

ALHAUNE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 

ALIBILIS,  Nutritious. 

AL'ICA,  Ilal'ica,  Farincfrium,  Chondmo,  from 
alere,  'to  nourish.'  A  grain  from  which  the  an- 
cients made  their  tisanes;  supposed,  by  some,  to 
have  been  the  Tritieum  sprfta.  At  times,  it 
seems  to  have  meant  the  tisane  itself. 

AL'ICBS,  from  aXifa,  'I  sprinkle.'  Spots 
which  precede  the  eruption  of  small  pox. 

ALIENATIO,  Anomalia— a.  Mentis,  Insanity. 

ALIENATION,  MENTAL,  Insanity. 

ALIENATES.  Insane. 

ALll.SK.  Insane. 

AUEXISTi:,  see  Psychiatria. 

ALIEN" IS,  Delirious. 

ALIFORMES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

ALIFORMIS,  Alaris,  Pterygoid. 

ALIGDLUS,  Confection. 

A  LIMA,  Aliment. 

ALIMELL/E,  Parotid. 

AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum,  Al'ima,  Barma'Ua, 
Nntri'men,  Nu'triene,  Suntentac'ulum,  Cibarriu& 
Hroma,  Comie'ti,  Oibue,  Eeca,  Nutri'tue,  Xittri- 
men'tum,  Sitae,  Trophi.  (Prov.)  Belly-timber. 
(F.)  Aliment,  Nourriture,  from  alere,  'to  nourish.' 
Food.  Any  substance  which,  if  introduced  into 
the  system,  is  capable  of  nourishing  it  and  repair- 
ing its  I 

The  study  of  aliments  forms  one  of  the  most 

important    branches  of  hygiene.      They  are    < - 

fined  to  the  organized  kingdom, —  the  mineral 
affording  none. 

As   regards    the    immediate  principles  which 


ALIMENTAL 


46 


ALLENTHESIS 


predominate    in    their    composition,    they   have 
been  classed,  but  imperfectly,  as  follows  : — 


1.  Feculaceous. 


Mucilaginoi 
Saccharine. 


4.  Acidulous. 

5.  Oleaginous 

Fatty. 

6.  Caseous. 

7.  Gelatinous. 

8.  Albuminous 

9.  Fibrinous. 


TABLE  OF  ALIMENTS. 

I  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  rice,  In- 

<  dian    corn,   potato,   sago,   peas, 
(      beans.  &c. 

i  Carrot,  salsify, beet,  turnip,  aspara- 
s.       <      gus.  cabbage,  lettuce,  artichoke, 
(      melon,  &c. 
Sugar,  fig,  date,  raisin,  apricot.  <5rc. 
Orange,  currant,  gooseberry,  cher- 
ry, peach,  strawberry,  raspberry, 
mulberry,    prune,  pear,   apple, 
sorrel,  &c. 
,C  Cocoa,  olive,  sweet   almond,  nut, 
a      <      walnut,  animal  fat,  oil,  butter. 
I      &c. 

Different  kinds  of  milk,  cheese. 
C  Tendon,   aponeurosis,   true   skin, 

<  cellular    texture;   very    young 
f      animals. 

Brain,  nerve,  eggs,  &c. 
Flesh  and  blood. 


Dr.  Prouthas  four  great  classes — the  aqueous, 
saccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous:  —  Dr. 
Pereira,  twelve  —  the  aqueous,  mucilaginous  or 
gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous,  pecti- 
vaceous,  acidulous,  alcoholic,  oily  or  fatty,  pro- 
teiuaceous.  gelatinous,  and  saline. 

Liebig  divides   them   into  two  classes:  —  the 

NITROGENIZED  Or  PLASTIC  ELEMENTS  OF  NUTRI- 
TION, in  which  he  comprises  vegetable  fibrin, 
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable  casein,  flesh  and 
blood  ;  and  the  non-nitrogenized  elements  of 
respiration,  in  which  he  comprises  fat,  starch, 
gum.  cane  sugar,  grape  sugar,  sugar  of  mill',  pec- 
tin, bassorin,  wine,  beer  and  spirits.  The  former 
alone,  in  his  view,  are  inservient  to  the  nutrition 
of  organized  tissue  :  the  latter  are  burnt  in  respi- 
ration, and  furnish  heat. 

The  following  simple  arrangement  is,  perhaps, 
as  little  objectionable  as  any  : — 


1.  Nitrogrnized  Aliments 

(Albuminous,  of  Prout 

2.  Xon-nitrogenized  Aliments, 


4 


Fibrinous  (Glutinous?) 

Albuminous. 

Caseinous. 

Amylaceous. 

Saccharine. 

Oleaginous. 


The  second  division  might  be  still  farther  sim- 
plified, inasmuch  as  amylaceous  aliments  are 
convertible  into  sugar  during  the  digestive  pro- 
cess; and,  from  both,  oleaginous  matter  may  be 
formed. 

ALIMEXTAL.  Xutrimental. 

ALIMENTARY,  Xutriuiental— a.  Tube,  Canal, 
alimentarv. 

ALIMEXTATIOX,  Alimenta'tio.  The  act  of 
nourishing. 

ALIMEXTEUX,  Xutrimental. 

ALIMEXTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

ALIMOS.  Glycyrrhiza. 

ALIXDE'SIS,  from  aXntouai,  'to  be  turned 
about.'  A  species  of  exercise,  which  consisted 
in  rolling  in  the  dust,  after  having  been  anointed 
with  oil. — Hippocrates. 

ALIP^E'NOS,  Aiipa'num,  Alipan'tos,  from  a. 
priv.,  and  Xnraveiv,  '  to  be  fat.'  An  epithet  for- 
merly given  to  every  external  remedy,  devoid  of 
fat  or  moisture :  such  as  powders. — Galen. 

ALIPAXTOS.  Alipsenos. 

ALIP'TA,  Alip'tes,  from  aAei^w.  'I  anoint.' 
He  who  anointed  the  Athleta?  after  bathing. 
The  place  where  this  was  done  was  called  Alip- 
te'rinm. 

ALIPTERIUM,  see  Alipta. 

ALIP'TICA,  same  etymon.  The  part  of  an- 
cient medicine,  which  treated  of  inunction  as  a 
means  of  preserving  health. 

ALTSfER  BLANC,  Crata?gus  aria. 

ALISMA,  A.  plantago,  Arnica  montana  —  a. 


Graminifolia,  A.  plantago  —  a.  Lanceolata,  A. 
plantago. 

Alis'ma  Planta'go,  Alisma,  A.  lanceola'ta  seu 
graminifu'lia,  Planta'go  aquat'ica,  Water  Plan- 
tain, (F.)  Plantain  d'Eau.  Ord.  Alismacea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Polygynia.  The  fresh  root 
is  acrid,  and  the  dried  leaves  will  vesicate.  The 
leaves  have  been  proposed  as  substitutes  for  Uva 
Ursi. 

ALITURA,  Nutrition. 

AL'KALE,  O'lcum  Gtdli'noe.  An  ancient  phar- 
maceutical name  for  pullets'  fat. 

ALKALESCENCE.  Alcalescence. 

ALKALI,  see  Alcali  —  a.  Ammoniaeum  eaus- 
ticum.  Ammonia — a.  Ammoniaeum  spirituosum, 
Spiritus  aminonia? — a.  Minerale  nitratum,  Soda, 
nitrate  of  —  a.  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Soda, 
phosphate  of — a.  Minerale  salinum,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Vegetable,  Potash — a.  Vegetabile  cum 
aceto,  Potassa?  acetas — a.  Vegetabile  fixum  caus- 
ticum.  Potassa  fusa  —  a.  Volatile,  Ammonia  —  a. 
Volatile  causticum,  Ammonia — a.  Volatile,  con- 
crete, Ammonia?  carbonas — a.  Volatile,  mild,  Am- 
monia? carbonas — a.  Volatile  nitratum,  Amraoniae 
nitras — a.  Volatile  tartarizatum,  Ammonia?  tartras 
— a.  Volatile  vitriolatum,  Ammonia?  sulphas. 

ALKAXET,  BASTARD,  Lithospermum  offici- 
nale—  a.  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinetoria  —  a.  Garden, 
Anchusa  officinalis  —  a.  Officinal,  Anchusa  offici- 
nalis. 

ALKAR,  Medicament. 

ALKEKENGI,  Physalis. 

ALKER'MES,  Oonfcc'tio  Allcer'mes,  Alcher'- 
mes.  A  celebrated  electuary,  composed  of  a  mul- 
titude of  substances.  It  was  so  called  from  the 
grains  of  kermes  contained  in  it.  It  was  used 
as  a  stimulant.     Also,  kermes. 

ALKERVA,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

ALKITRAX,  Cedria. 

ALKOL,  Alcohol. 

ALKOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALKYMISTRE,  Alchymist. 

ALLA,  Cerevisia. 

ALLAITEMEXT.  Lactation. 

ALLAMAX'DA,  A.  Cathar'tica  seu  graudi- 
flo'ra,  Ore'lia  grandijlo'ra,  Gal'arips,  Eclii'nus 
scandens,  Apoc"ynum  scandens.  A  shrub,  native 
of  Guiana,  the  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  said  by 
Linna?us  to  be  useful  in  Colica  Pictonum. 

ALLAXTODES,  Allantoic 

ALLAX'TOIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  allanto'icum. 
A  peculiar  acid,  found  in  the  liquor  of  the  allan- 
tois  of  the  cow. 

ALLAXTOIDES,  Allantois. 

ALLAX'TOIS,  Allanto'i'des,  Allanto'dcs,  Mem- 
bra'na  urina' ria,  Jf.  seu  Tunica  Farcimiuu'lis, 
M.  Intestina'lis,  the  Allantoid  Vesicle,  from  aAAcs, 
aWavros,  'a  sausage,'  and  eiSos,  'shape.'  A  sort  of 
elongated  bladder,between  the  chorion  and  amnion 
of  the  foetus,  which  is  thrown  out  from  the  caudal 
extremity  of  the  embryo,  and  communicates  with 
the  bladder  by  the  urachus.  It  is  very  apparent. 
in  quadrupeds,  but  not  in  the  human  species.  As 
the  allantois  is  developed,  its  walls  become  very 
vascular,  and  contain  the  ramifications  of  what 
become  the  umbilical  artery  and  vein,  which,  by 
the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are  brought 
through  the  villi  of  the  chorion,  into  indirect 
communication  with  the  vessels  of  the  mother. 

ALL AXTOTOX'ICUM,  from  aAAas.aAAurroj,  'a 
sausage,'  and  toI-ikov,  'a  poison.'  Sausage  poison 
(G.)  Wurs  tgift.  The  Germans  have  given  this 
name  to  a  poison  developed  in  sausages  formed 
of  blood  and  liver. 

ALLECTUARY,  Electuarium. 

ALLELUIA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

ALLEN'THESIS,  from  aAAoy,  'another.' and 
tvOtcii,   'introduction.'       The    entrance    into,  or 


ALLEVIATOR 


47 


ALLUS    TOLLEX 


presence  of  extraneous  bodies  in.  the  organism. — 
Walt  her. 

ALLE'VIATOR,  from  ad,  'to.'  an-1  Umar*t  'to 
raise/  'a  toother.'  An  instrument  for  raising  in- 
valids, invented  by  Mr.Jenks,  of  Rhode  Island. 
It  consists  of  two  upright  posts,  about  six  feat 
high,  each  supported  by  ■  pedestal;  oftwohori- 
sonta]  bars  at  the  top,  rather  longer  than  a  com- 
mon bedstead;  of  a  windlass  of  the  same  length, 
placed  six  inches  below  the  upper  bar;  ofa  cog- 
wheel and  handle;  of  linen  holts  from  six  to 
twelve  inches  Wide;  pf  Straps  secured  at  one  end 
of  the  windlass;  mid  at  the  other  having  hooks 
attached  to  corresponding  eyes  in  the  linen  belts, 
and  of  a  head-piece  made  of  netting.  The  pa- 
tient lying  on  his  mattress,  the  surgeon  passes 
the  linen  belts  beneath  his  body,  attaching  them 
to  the  hooks  on  the  ends  of  the  straps,  and  ad- 
justing the  whole  at  the  proper  distance  and 
length,  so  as  to  balance  the  body  exactly,  and 
then  raises  it  from  the  mattress  by  turning  the 
handle  of  the  windlass.  To  lower  the  patient 
again,  and  replace  him  on  the  mattress,  the  wind- 
lass  must  be  reversed. 

ALLGOOD,  Chcnopodinm  bonus  Benricns. 

ALLHEAL.  Heracleum  spondylium. 

ALLIA'CEOUS,  AUia'ceue,  (F.)  Alliace.  from 
allium,  'garlic.'  Belonging  to  garlic,  as  alliace- 
ous odour. 

ALIA  AIRE.  Alliaria. 

ALLIA'RIA.  from  allium,  its  smell  resembling 
garlic.  A.  officina'tit,  Eryt'imum  alliqfria  sen 
aril  if'/ Hum,    Sisi/m'brium    al/ia'ria,    Jack-in-the 

hedge,  Slinking  hedge  Mn*tard,  Hedge  Garlic, 
Sauce-alone,  Hes' peris  allia'ria,  {¥.)  AUiaire. 
Or<{.  Crucifera?.  This  plant  has  been  sometimes 
given  in  humid  asthma  and  dyspnoea.  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antiscor- 
butic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  compound  syrup  of 
alliaria.  Simp  d' erysimum  compose,  which  is  used 
in  hoarseness. 

ALLIGATURA,  Fascia.  Ligature. 

ALLIOTICD8,  Alterative. 

AL'LIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  from  oleo,  <I  smell.' 
A.  sati'vuni,  77) eriaca  ruetico'rum,  Ampelop'ra- 
Ktim,  Scor'odon,  Scofdon,  Garlic,  (P.)  Ail.  Ord. 
Liljaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  A 
native  of  Sicily,  but  cultivated  for  use.  The 
bulbs  or  clovet,  Ag'lithea,  have  a  strong,  offensive, 
and  penetrating  odour,  and  a  sweetish,  biting, 
and  caustic  taste.  Internally,  garlic  is  stimulant, 
diuretic,  expectorant,  emmenagogue  (?),  diapho- 
retic, and  anthelmintic.  Externally,  it  is  rube- 
facient, maturative,  and  repellent;  and  a  garlic 
ointment  is  made  by  digesting,  at  a  moderate 
heat,  for  half  an  hour,  two  or  three  cloves  of 
fresh  garlic  in  an  ounce  of  lard,  and  straining. 
It  is  applied  as  a  rubefacient  to  the  chest  in 
croup. 

Dose,  one  to  six  cloves,  swallowed  whole,  or 
from  figs  to  f!Jij  of  the  juice. 

Taylor'*  Remedy  fof  Deafnew,  a  nosfrum.  ap- 
pears to  consist  of  garlic,  infused  in  oil  of  ul- 
mond»,  and  coloured  by  alkanet  root. 

Allium  Ascalor'k  i  m.  Echalotte. 

Ai.iii  M  Canai'Kn'si:.  Meadow  garlic  j  indige- 
nous:  ha>  the  same  properties  as  allium. 

Allium  <'t  pa,  Oepa  VnJga'rie,  Common  Onion, 
fffpul'la,  Crom'myon,  (F.)  Oignnn.  Acrid  and 
Bttmulating,  and  pot  ry  little  nutriment.  ! 

Onions   have   been  used   as   stimulants,  diuretics. 
and  anthelmintics.    The  boiled  or  roasted  onion. 
as  a  cataplasm,    is    emollient    and     maturating. 
The    fresh    root   is    rubefacient.      The    ext 
juice  is  sometimes  used  in  otalgia  and  in  rhcu-  i 
matism. 

Allium  Oalucum,  Portulaca  — a.  Plantagi- 
neuui,  A.  Victoriale. 


Allium  Pobrum,  Porrum,  P.  tati'tmm,  Pra- 

mim,  the  Laic  or Porret {  (Y.)  Poireaa,  Porreau, 

It  possesses  the  same  property  as  the  onion. 

The  virtues  of  the  genus  Allium  depend  upon 
an  acrid  principle,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  acids, 
and  alkalies. 

Allium  Rkdolkns,  Teucrium  scordium 

Allium  Victorja'lb,  A.  ptan tagin'eum,  Cepa 
victoria'lie,  \  ictoria'lit  longa.  The  root,  which, 
when  dried,  loses  its  alliaceous  smell  and  taste, 
is  said  to  be  efficacious  in  allaying  the  abdominal 
spasms  of  pregnant  women  (?) 

ALLOCHETTA.  AUotriocket'ia,  from  mXX*, 
'another,'  and  %i$tiv,  'to  go  to  stool.'  The  dis- 
charge of  extraneous  matters  from  the  bowels. 
The  discharge  of  fseees  by  an  abnormous  opening. 

ALLOOUOOS,  Delirious. 

ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  aAAoj,  'another/ 
and  yo^na,  *  colour.'     A  change  of  colour. 

ALL(EOPATHIA,  Allopathy. 

ALL050PATHIC,  Allopathic. 

ALLCEOSIS.  Alteration. 

ALLCEOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLOIOSIS.  Alteration. 

ALLOIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

A  L  L  ONG  EM  EN  T,  Elongation. 

ALLOPATH,  Alb.pathist. 

ALLOPATHBS,  Allopathic. 

ALLOPATH'IC.  Allopatk'icv*,  AllcropatVic, 
Alfazopatk'icu*,  Allop'athes,  ffeteropath'ic,  from 
uAAoj.  'another,'  and  iruOos,  '  affection.'  Relating 
to  the  ordinary  method  of  medical  practice,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  homoeopathic.  See  Allo- 
pathv. 

ALLOPATH 'IE.  Allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHIST.  Allopath,  same  etymon. 
One  who  follows  allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHY.  AUopatki'a.Allaopathi'a,  By. 
penantio'eie,  Bypennntio'ma,  Cnra'tio  contrario'~ 
rum  per  contra' no,  (F.)  Allopathic  ;  same  etymon. 
The  opposite  to  homoeopathy;  or,  according  to 
Hahnemann,  a  method  of  treatment  in  which 
remedial  agents  are  employed,  the  action  of 
which,  on  healthy  man,  produces  morbid  phe- 
nomena different  from  those  that  are  observed 
in  the  sick  person.  The  ordinary  medical  prac- 
tice is  so  designated  bv  the  homoeopathist. 

ALLOPHASIS.  Delirium. 

ALLOTRIOCHETIA.  Alloehetia. 

ALLOTRIODON'TIA.  from  aWorpioi,  'fo- 
reign,' and  oSovs,  'a  tooth.'  Transplantation  of 
teeth. 

ALLOTRIOEC'CKISIS.  from  aUorptos,  'fo- 
reign/ and  tKKpiois,'  'separation.'  The  separa- 
tion of  extraneous  matters  from  the  body  in  dis- 
ease. 

ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA,  Parageustia. 

ALLOTRIOPHA(HA.  Malaria, 

ALLOTRIOTEX'IS.  from  aWorpios,  'foreign,' 
and  tc£is,  'parturition.'  The  bringing  forth  of 
an  abnormous  to-tus. 

ALLOTKIU'RIA,  from  aWorpios,  'foreign/ 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Admixture  of  foreign  mat- 
ters  with  the  urine. 

AL'LOTROPISM:  (F.)  Allotropie,  from  aAAoj, 
'another,'  and  r^oiroj.  '  a  turn  or  change.  A  term 
recently  introduced  into  chemistry,  the  object  >?' 
which  is  to  express  the  property,  possessed  by 
certain  simple  bodies,  of  SMBming  different  quali- 
ties on  being  subjected  to  certain  modes  af  treat- 
ment. Carbon,  for  example,  furnishes  three 
forms  —  plumbago,  charcoal,  and  diamond. 

ALL-OVERISH,  see  Indisposition. 

ALLSPICE,  see  Myrtui  pimenta  —  a.  Bush, 
Laurus  Benzoin  —  a.  Carolina,  Calycanthus  —  a. 
Wild,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

ALLUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

ALLURE,  Inflnenia. 

ALLUS  POLLEX,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 


ALMA 


48 


ALTERATIVE 


ALMA,  Water. 

ALM  A  R  [A  B,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

ALMEZERION,  Cneoruui  tricoccum. 

ALMOND.  Amygdala. 

Almond  Bloom.  A  liquid  cosmetic,  formed 
of  Brazil  dust  ^j,  water  Oiij  ;  boil  and  strain  ; 
and  add  iehiglwss  ^vj,  gratia  sylcestria  3'J>  or 
cochineal  gij.  alum  t^j,  borax  £ny,  boil  again, 
and  strain  through  a  tine  cloth. 

Almond  Cake,  see  Amygdala — a.  of  the  Ear, 
Tonsil  —  a.  Earth,  Arachis  hypogaea —  a.  Paste, 
see  Amygdala — a.  Powder,  see  Amygdala — a.  of 
the  Throat,  Tonsil. 

ALXL'8,  A.  glutinosa — a.  Communis,  A.  gluti- 
nosa. 

ALNUS  GLUTINO'SA,  Alnus,  A  commit' nis, 
Bet' \ib i  ylutino'ea  seu  emargina'ta,  Europe' an  Al- 
der, (Sc.)  Am,  Efler,  Ord.  Betulaceaa.  A  tree 
which  grows  in  Europe,  in  moist  places.  The 
bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and  bitter;  and 
hence  are  employed  in  intermittents,  and  as  a 
tonic  and  astringent. 

Alnls  Serrat'ula,  American  Alder,  has  simi- 
lar properties. 

Alnus  Nigra,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

ALOCHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Xo^ua,  'lo- 
chia.'    Absence  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ALOEDA'RIUM.  A  compound  medicine,  con- 
taining aloes. — Gorraeus. 

ALOE.  Aloes — a.  False,  Agave  Virginica. 

ALOE  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa. 

AL'OES,  Al.'oe,  Fel  Xatu'rce.  The  inspissated 
juice  of-  the  Aloe.  Ord.  Asphodeleae.  Sex.  Syet. 
Hexandria  Monogynia. 

Aloes  Barbadensis.  A.  hepatica — a.  Bombay, 
A.  hepatica — a.  dcs  Barbadee,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes  Caballi'na,  A.  Guinien'sis,  Horse-aloes. 
Used  chiefly  for  horses.  It  is  collected  in  Spain 
and  Portugal,  and  is  very  coarse. 

ALOES  EN  CALE BASSES,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes.  Cape,  Shining  Aloes;  a  cheap  and  ex- 
cellent form  of  aloes,  collected  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  from  Aloe  ferox,  A.  A/ricana,  A. 
spicata,  and  other  species. 

Aloes.  East  India,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Guini- 
ensis,  A.  Caballina. 

Aloes  Hepat'ica,  A.  vulga'ris,  A.  Barbaden'- 
sis,  Hepat'ie  aloes,  Bombay  aloes,  Barba'does 
aloes,  A.  vttlgtt'ria  e.rtrac'tum,  (F.)  Aloes  en  cafe- 
basses.  A.  des  Barbades.  This  species  has  a  very 
disagreeable  odour,  and  an  intensely  bitter  and 
nauseous  taste.     Properties  the  same  as  the  last. 

Aloes,  Horse,  A.  Caballina  —  a.  Lucida,  A. 
Succotorina  —  a.  Socotrine,  A.  Succotorina  —  a. 
Spicata  extractum,  A.  Succotorina. 

Aloes  Succotori'xa,  Soe'otrine  aloes,  Turkey 
aloes,  East  India  aloes,  Aloes  In'cida,  A.  Zoctori'- 
nia,  A.  spica'ta?  extrac'tum,  An'ima  Aloes,  is  the 
best  species.  Its  odour  is  not  unpleasant  :  taste 
very  bitter,  and  slightly  aromatic;  colour  red- 
dish-brown, Avith  a  shade  of  purple;  mass  hard, 
friable:  fracture  conchoidal  and  glossy;  soluble 
in  dilute  alcohol.  Powder  of  a  bright  cinnamon- 
yellow  colour.  It  is  cathartic,  warm,  and  stimu- 
lating:  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  stoma- 
chic. As  a  cathartic,  it  affects  the  rectum  chiefly. 
Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  v  to  £)j  in  pill. 

Aloes,  Turkey,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Vulgaris, 
A.  hepatica  —  a.  Wood,  Agallochum  —  a.  Zocto- 
rinia,  A.  Succotorina.. 

ALOET'IC,  Aloet'icus.  A  preparation  which 
contain?  aloes. 

ALOEXYLOX.  Agallochum. 
_  ALOGOTROPH'IA,  from  a\oyo?,  'dispropor- 
tionate,' and  rpo<f>r],  'nutrition.'  Irregular  nutri- 
tion. Used  particularly  to  designate  the  irregu- 
lar manner  in  which  the  nutrition  of  bones'5  is 
effected  in  rickety  individuals. 


AL0PECE3,  Psoas. 

ALOPECIA,  from  aXwffr,£,  'a  fox;'  (this  ani- 
mal being  said  to  be  subject  to  the  affection.) 
Capillo'rum  deflu'vium,  Athrix  depi'lis,  Phalac- 
ro'tis,  Depila'tio,  Tiicho'sis  Athrix,  Gangraz'na 
Alope'cia,  Atrich'ia,  Deflu'vium  seu  Lapsus  seu 
Flux  us  Pilo'rum,  Lipsotrich'  ia,  Vitlpis  morbus, 
Pela'da,  Baldness,  (F.)  Pelade.  Falling  off  of 
the  hair  ;  loss  of  the  hair.  When  this  is  confined 
to  the  crown  of  the  head,  it  is  called  calvities,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  synonymously. 
When  congenital,  it  is  called  Atrich'ia  seu  Alope'- 
cia adna'ta.  The  falling  off  of  the  hair  in  old 
age  is  termed  Alope'cia  seni'lis. 

Alopecia  Adnata,  see  Alopecia.  —  a.  Areata, 
Porrigo  decalvans  —  a.  Circumscripta,  Porrigo 
decalvana  —  a.  Partialis,  Porrigo  decalvans  —  a. 
Senilis,  see  Alopeeia. 

ALOUCHE,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALOUCH'I.  The  name  of  a  gum  procured 
from  the  canella  alba  tree. 

ALOUCHIER,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALPAM.  A  shrub  which  grows  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  Certain  parts  of  this,  infused  in  oil, 
form  an  antipsoric  ointment.  The  juice  of  the 
leaves,  mixed  with  that  of  calamus,  is  employed 
against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ALPHEXIC,  Saccharum  candidum. 

ALPHITEDOX,  see  Fracture. 

ALPH'ITOX.  aXfiTov,  Polen'ta,  Fari'na.  Any 
i  kind  of  meal.  Toasted  barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
tes. Polenta  means,  also,  a  food  composed  of  In- 
dian meal,  cheese,  &c.     See  Farina. 

ALPHOX'SIX,  Alphon'sinum.  Akind  of  bul- 
let forceps,  similar  to  a  Porte-crayon,  so-called 
from  the  inventor,  Alphonso  Ferri,  of  Xaples. — 
Scultetus. 

ALPHOS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALPHOSIS  ^THIOPICA,  see  Albino. 

ALPIXIA  CARDAMOM  UM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum  —  a.  Exaltata,  Renealmia  exaltata  — 
a.  Tubulata,  Renealmia  exaltata  —  a.  Galanga, 
Maranta  galanga. 

AL PISTE,  Phalaris  Canadiensis. 

ALSAXDERS,  Smyrniura  olusatrum. 

ALSI'XE  ME'DIA,  A.  avicula' rvm  teuvulgn'- 
ris,  from  aAo-oy,  'a  grove,'  because  growing  abun- 
dantly in  the  woods.  [  ?  ]  Jforsus  Galli'nce.  Holot'- 
teum  Alsi'ue,  Stella' ria  me'dia,  Mouse-ear,  Chick- 
weed,  Chickemcort,  (F.)  Mourqn  des  Oiseaux,  Mor- 
geliue.  Ord.  Caryophyllaceae.  This  plant,  if  boiled 
tender,  may  be  eaten  like  spinach,  and  forms  an 
excellent  emollient  poultice.  It  was  formerly 
regarded  as  a  vulnerary  and  detergent. 

ALTAFOR,  Camphor. 

ALTER  SEXUS,  Sex,  female. 

ALT E  RAX S,  Alterative. 

AL  TERANT,  Alterative;  see,  also,  Alteration. 

ALTERATION,  Altera' tio,  from  alter,  'other,' 
Alloio'sis,  Alloso'sis.  This  word  is  used  in  France 
to  express  any  change  which  supervenes;  for  ex- 
ample, in  the  expression  of  the  countenance  (al- 
teration de  la  face,)  or  in  the  structure  of  an 
organ  (alteration  organique,)  or  in  the  nature  of 
fluids  excreted  (alteration  de  I'urine,  des  larmes, 
du  I  a  it,  rf.-c.) 

Alteration  is  also  used  in  an  entirely  different 
sense,  to  express  intense  thirst  in  disease.  In 
this  case  its  etymology  is  different.  It  comes 
from  haleter,  and  was  formerly  written  haleter- 
ution. 

AL'TERATIVE.  Al'terans,  Alloiot' icus,  Alias- 
ot'icus,  Alliot'icus,  Immu'tans.  An  agent  con- 
sidered to  be  capable  of  producing  a  salutary 
change  in  a  disease,  but  without  exciting  ar.y 
sensible  evacuation.  As  medicine  improves,  this 
uncertain  class  of  remedies  becomes,  of  necessity, 
diminished  in  number.     See  Eutrophie. 

(F.)  Alterant.      The    French     term    likewise 


ALTERCAXGEXON 


49 


ALTEUS 


means,  that  which  causes  thirst,  —  Sitfeulo'eua, 
Dipset'icus.  as  alterer  means  both  to  change.  Mid 
to  cause  thirst.  S'alterer  is  to  experience  a 
ehange  for  the  worse, — (eorrum'pi.) 

A  I.  CBRCANGBNON,  Hvoscyauius. 

ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTERED,  Bee  Oastratos. 

ALTII.E'A.  (rum  a\0uv.  '  to  heal  f  A.  offlcin*'- 

lis,  Molvavie'cwm,  Aristalthcr'a.  IIif>is' rus.  Hi- 
bis'riim,  ll.is'ehus,  Ihis'cha  mt'smal' va,  liismal'va. 
Marsh  mmUow.  (Prov.)  Malice.  (P.)  'ini- 
rnauve.  Ord.  .Malvaceae.  Sex.  Sywt  Ifonadelphia 
Polyandria.  Tho  leaves,  Altha'a  fo'lia,  and 
root,  A/tha'ce  radix,  contain  much  mucilage. 
They  arc  emollient  and  demulcent,  and  are  em- 
ployed wherever  medicines,  possessing  such  pro- 
perties, are  required.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  Althaea 
is  the  root  of  Althaea  officinalis. 

ALTHANAIHA,  Orpiment 

ALTHEUS,  Physician. 

ALTHAXIS,  (Juration. 

ALTHOS,  Medicament. 

ALTILIBAT,  Terebinthina. 

ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel,  Vitrum  suLlimato'rium.  A 
hollow  sphere  of  stone,  glass,  or  earthen  ware, 
with  a  short  neck  projecting  at  each  end,  by 
means  of  which  one  glass  might  be  set  upon  the 
other.  The  uppermost  hail  no  aperture  at  the 
top.  Aludels  were  formerly  used  in  the  sublima- 
tion of  various  substances. 

A'LULA,  diminutive  of  ala,  'a  wing.'  A  little 
win;:. 

ALUM.  Symphytum — a.  Cataplasm,  Coagulum 
aluinino-inn— a.  Egyptian,  JEgyptia  stypteria. 

Ai.r.M,  ROCHE,  Alu'men  de  Rochi,  (F.)  Alun  de 
Roche.  So  called  from  Roecha  in  Syria,  where 
there  was  a  manufactory  of  it.  It  is  in  pieces  of 
the  size  of  an  almond,  covered  with  a  reddish 
efflorescence. 

Com mnn  Roche  Alum,  A.  Rochi  Qallie.  Frag- 
ments of  common  alum  moistened  and  shaken 
with  prepared  bole.     It  is  white  when  broken. 

Alum  Root,  Geranium  maculatum,  lleuchera 
cor tu -a. 

Alum,  Solution  of,  Compound,  Liquor  alumi- 
nis  compositus. 

Alum  Springs  of  Virginia,  see  Virginia,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

ALU'MEN,  (an  Arabic  term,  alum,)  Alum, 
Hjjperaul'phaa  a  In' mines  et  Potas'ses,  Potas'ses 
alu'mino-eulphaa,  Sul'phaa  Alumina  Acid'ulua 
cum  Pota**e&,  Sulpha*  Alu'mina-,  SuVpha*  KaV- 
ieo-alumin'icum,  Sulpha*  alumina'rie,  SuperauV- 
pha*  alu'mina  t\  potat'ta,  Argil'la  aulphu'rica 
mlemliaa'ta,  .1.  vitriola'ta,  Stypte'ria,  SulpereuV- 
pkat  Argil'let  alculisa'tum,  Argilla  Kalisulphu- 
rica.     (F.j  Alun. 

Alumim  Catimum,  Potash  of  commerce — a. 
Fixum.  see  Potash — a.  Kinosatum,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  alumina-  Oompositns. 

Alu'MCR     CoMMU'HB,     Common    aliun,    English 

alum.  Rock  alum,  Atumen  facti"tium,  A.  crystal'- 

liintm.  A.  ru'/niim,  (Y.)  Ahtn  </' AikjI,  terre,  is  the 
Variety  ■easily  employed.  It  is  in  octahedral 
crystals,  but  generally  in  large,  white,  semitrans- 
parent  masses;  has  a  sweetish,  styptic  taste : 
effloresces  in  the  air.  and  Is  soluble  in  lt>  pan-  of 
water  at  60°.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  u 
such  is  u.-ed  internally  and  externally.    Dose,  gr. 

V  to  XV. 

Ali'mkn    Exsicca'tum.    Alu'men    uetum   seu 

ticca' turn  am  oaleiata'tmm,  Sulpha*  alu'mina  fueue, 

Argil' la  aulphu'rica  uwtet,  Burnt  alum,  dried  alum. 

■'a   calcine",   (Alum    melted    in   an    earthen 

vessel  until  ebullition  ceases.)     Escharotic. 

Alu'.mkn  Roma'vum,  Roman  alum,  A.  Ru'ti- 
lum  seu  Rubrum.  (F.)  Alun  de  Rome.  In  erys- 
tals.  which  are  of  a  pale  red  when  broken,  and 
covered  with  a  reddish  efflorescence. 


Alumbn  Siccatum.  Aluraen  exsicentum. 

ALUMINA,  ACETATE  OF,  Alumina  Aeetas 
—  a.  Depurata.  Argills  pura  —  a.  Pura,  Argilla 
pura — a.  Sulphate  of.  Alumina)  Sulphas. 

ALU'MIN.E  ACK'TAS.. irgil'l*. IcStae,  A- ".■- 
fate  of  Alu'mina.  A  delimpieseent  salt,  obtained 
by  the  addition  of  acetate  of  lead  to  sulphate  of 
alumina  and  potassa.  It  possesses  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  sulphate  of  alumina. 

Alu'min.e  et  Potass.e  IIvpi:ksi  i.i'has,  Alu- 
men  —  a.  et  Potassae  supersulphas,  Alumen  —  a. 
Sulphas.  Alumen. 

Am \min\e  Sulphas,  Anji/lo~>  Sulphas-.  Sulphate 
of  Alu'mina.  Simple  sulphate  of  alumina  may 
be  made  by  the  direct  combination  ol  alumina 
and  sulphuric  acid,  and  contains  SO  per  cent,  of 
the  former,  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  latter.  It  is 
a  deliquescent  salt:  and  is  an  excellent  antisep- 
tic and  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  is  chiefly  used  to 
preserve  dead  bodies — a  strong  solution  being 
injected  into  the  arteries. 

Gannal's  Solution  for  preserving  animal  sub- 
stances is  made  by  dissolving  an  ounce  of  acetate 
of  alumina  in  twenty  ounces  of  water. 

Aluxjin.e  Sulphas  Acidulus  cum  Potassa, 
Alumen — a.  Sulphas  fusus,  Alumen  exsiecatum. 

ALUMIM:  FACTICE,  Argilla  pura. 

ALUMINH  OXIDUM,  Argilla  pura. 

AL  UN,  Alumen. 

ALUNSEL,  Gutta. 

ALUS,  Symphytum. 

ALUSIA,  Hallucination  —  a.  Hypochondriasis, 
Hypochondriasis. 

ALUTE*,,  Aludel. 

ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea  glandulosa. 

ALVARAS  NIGRA,  Ichthyosis. 

ALVEARIUM,  Auditory  canal,  external. 

ALVE'OLAR,  Alveola' ris,  from  alveue,  '  a  ca- 
vity.' (F.)  Alveolaire.  That  which  relates  to 
the  alveoli. 

Alveolar  Abscess,  Parulis. 

Alve'olar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  aheolaires, 
are  formed  by  the  margins  or  borders,  Juffa  alveo- 
la'ria,  of  the  two  jaws,  which  are  hollowed  by  the 
Alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Artery,  Supra-metxillary  A.,  Ar- 
tire  sus-macillaire  of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the 
internal  maxillary,  descends  behind  the  tuberos- 
ity of  the  upper  jaw,  and  gives  branches  to  the 
upper  molar  teeth,  gums,  periosteum,  membrane 
of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  buccinator  muscle. 

Alveolar  Border,  Li  ml  us  alveola' ri*.  The 
part  of  the  jaws  that  is  hollowed  by  the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Mkmbhanes  are  very  fine  mem- 
branes, situate  between  the  teeth  and  alveoli,  and 
formed  by  a  portion  of  the  sac  or  follicle  which 
enclosed  the  tooth  before  it  pierced  the  gum.  By 
some  this  membrane  has  been  called  the  alveolo- 
dental  periosteum. 

Alve'olar  Vkin.  This  has  a  similar  distri- 
bution with  the  artery. 

AL  YEOLE,  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLI  DENTIS,  see  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLO-DENTAL  PERIOSTEUM,  see 
Alveolar  membranes. 

AL  VKOLO- LABIAL,  Buccinator. 

ALVE'OLUS,  same  etymon.  Bo'trion,  /?..'- 
thrion,  Odontoboth'rium,  Odontophat'ue, 
{Alve'oii),  Mortariolum,  Hol'mieoe,  Praaepiolum, 
Phatne,  PhaVnion,  Praae'pium,  Patni,  Pathni, 
(P.)  Alveole.  The  alveoli  are  the  aockete  of  the 
teeth,  Alve'oli  d,  ntis,  Mn' nia  sen  Caver'nae  den'- 
tium,  into  which  they  are,  as  it  were,  driven. 
Their  size  and  shape  are  determined  by  the  teeth 
which  they  receive,  and  they  are  pierced  at  the 
apex  by  small  holes,  which  give  passage  to  tho 
dental  vessels  and  nerves. 

ALVEUS,  Auge  —  a.  Ampullosus,  Receptees- 
luui  cbyli —  a.  Ampullescens,  Thoracic  duct  —  a. 


ALVI    EXCRETIO 


50 


AMBLYOPIA 


Communis:  see  Semicircular  canals  —  a.  Utricu- 
losus :  see  Semicircular  canals. 

ALVI  EXCRETIO,  Defecation  —  a.  Fluxus 
aquosus,  Diarrhoea  —  a.  Laxitas,  Diarrhoea  —  a. 
Profluvium,  Diarrhoea. 

ALVIDUCUS,  Laxative. 

ALVINE,  Alci'nus,  from  alvus,  'the  abdomen.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  lower  belly,  as  alvine 
dejections,  alvine  flux,  alvine  obstructions,  <fcc. 

ALVUM  EVACUANS,  Cathartic. 

ALVUS,  Abdomen,  Uterus — a.  Adstricta  seu 
Astricta,  Constipation  —  a.  Cita,  Diarrhoea  —  a. 
Dura,  Constipatio  —  a.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the 
kidney — a.  Tarda,  Constipation — a.  Viridis,  De- 
jection. 

ALYCE.  Anxiety. 

ALYMPH'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  lympha, 
'lymph.'     Want  of  lymph. 

AI/YPON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  \virn,  'pain.'  An 
acrid,  purging  plant,  described  by  Matthiolus. 
By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Globula'- 
ria  alypum  of  botanists. 

ALYSIS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSMUS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSSUM  PLINII,  Galium  mollugo. 

ALYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ALYX'IA  STELLA'TA,  A.  aromat'ica,  (F.) 
Alyxie  aromatique.  A  plant,  of  the  family 
Apocynaceaa,  the  bark  of  which  resembles  canella 
alba,  and  is  used  in  Batavia  in  pernicious  fevers. 

AL'ZILAT.  In  some  of  the  Arabian  writers, 
a  weight  of  three  grains. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

AMABILE,  Lacuna  Labii  Superioris. 

AM  A  DO  (J,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMADOUV1ER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMA1GRIR,  Emaciate. 

AMAIGBISSEMENT,  Emaciation. 

AMAND  (SAINT),  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  Saint-Amaud-les-Eaux.  These  springs,  in 
the  department  Nord,  France,  are  thermal  (77° 
Fahr.),  carbonated  chalybeates  ;  and  are  much 
used  internally,  or  in  the  form  of  bones,  in 
chronic  affections  of  the  digestive  organs  and 
liver,  and  in  rheumatism. 

AMANDES,  see  Amygdala. 

AMANI'TiE,  from  a,  privative,  and  fiavia, 
'madness:'  i.e.  'not  poisonous.'  (?)  A  name 
given,  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  to  the  edible 
champignons.  Amanita  forms,  at  the  present  day, 
a  genus,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others  poison- 
ous. Amongst  others,  it  contains  the  Agaricus 
aurantiacus  and  A.  pseudo-aurantiacus. 

AMARA  DULCIS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient  and  esteemed 
plaster,  containing  several  aromaties,  the  marjo- 
ram, afiapuKos,  in  particular. 

AMARACUS,  Origanum  majorana — a.  Tomen- 
tosus.  Origanum  dictamnus. 

AMARITIES,  Bitterness. 

AMARITUDO,  Bitterness. 

AMAROR,  Bitterness. 

AMARUCACHU,  Polyanthes  tuberosa. 

AMA'RUS,  Picros,  'bitter.'  (F.)  Amer.  The 
bitter  principle  of  vegetables  is  the  great  natural 
tonic,  and  hence  bitters,  as  they  are  termed  col- 
lectively, belong  to  the  class  of  tonics.  Several 
are  used  in  medicine;  the  chief  are,  gentian, 
quassia,  cinchona,  calumba,  dog-wood,  <fec. 

AMASE'SIS,  Amasse'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
finaiKTu,  'mastication.'  Mastication  when  im- 
peded or  impracticable. 

AMATORIUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

AMATORII.  Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

AMATORIUM  VENEFICIUM,  Philter. 

AMATORIUS  MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe- 
rior oculi. 

AMAUROSIS,  Ohfusca'tia,  Offusca'tio.  from 
afinvooi,  'obscure,'  Drop  serene,  Gutta  sere'na, 
Catarac'ta  nigra,  Paroj/sis  amauro'sis,  Immubil'- 


itae  pupil'lcB,  Suffu'sio  nigra,  Black  cat'aract, 
Nervous  blindness,  (F.)  Gontte-sereine,  Cataructe 
noire,  Anopticonervie  (Piorry).  Diminution,  or 
complete  loss  of  sight,  without  any  perceptible 
alteration  in  the  organization  of  the  eye;  gene- 
rally, perhaps,  owing  to  loss  of  power  of  the 
optic  nerve  or  retina — Optic  ancesthe'sia.  Coun- 
ter-irritants are  the  most  successful  remedial 
agents,  although  the  disease  is  always  very  diffi- 
cult of  removal,  and  generally  totally  incurable. 

Amaurosis  Dimidiata,  Hemiopia — a.  Diurnal, 
Nyctalopia — a.  Nocturnal,  Hemeralopia — a.  Im- 
perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 

AMAUROTIC,  Amaurot'icus,  (F.)  Amauro- 
tique  ;  same  etymon.     Affected  with  amaurosis. 

Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galeamauro'sis.  A 
name  given  b}r  Beer  to  an  amaurotic  affection, 
accompanied  by  a  remarkable  change  of  colour 
in  the  pupil,  which  presents,  apparently  in  the 
fundus  of  the  eye,  a  lighter  tint,  yellowish  or 
brownish  yellow,  instead  of  its  natural  clear 
black. 

AMA'ZIA,  from  a.  privative,  and  nafa,  'breast.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is  absence  of  one 
or  both  breasts. 

AMBARUM,  Ambergris  —  a.  Cineritium,  Am- 
bergris. 

AMBE,  from  au(5aivo>,  'I  ascend;'  Ambi.  A 
superficial  eminence  on  a  bone.  Also,  an  old 
surgical  machine  for  reducing  dislocations  of  the 
shoulder  :  the  invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to 
Hippocrates.  It  is  no  longer  used. — -Hippo- 
crates, Scultetus.     See  Crista. 

AMBER,  Succinum  —  a.  Liquid  :  see  Liquid- 
amber  styraciflua. 

AM'BERGRIS,  'gray  amber,'  Ambor,  Ambar, 
Ambra  gri'sea  seu  cinera'cea  seu  ambrosiaca, 
Ambarum,  Suc'cinum  cine'reum  seu  gri'seum, 
Am'bartim  cineri"tium.  A  concrete  substance, 
of  the  consistence  of  wax,  cineritious  colour, 
studded  with  yellow  and  blackish  spots,  and  ex- 
haling a  very  pleasant  odour.  It  seems  highly 
probable  that  ambergris  is  formed  in  the  intes- 
tines of  the  whale,  and  voided  with  its  excre- 
ment. Like  all  aromatic  substances,  ambergris 
is  slightly  anti-spasmodic  and  excitant;  but  it  is 
oftener  employed  as  a  perfume  than  as  a  medi- 
cine. 

AMBIA.  A  liquid,  yellow  bitumen,  the  smell 
and  virtues  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
resin  tacamahaca.  It  is  obtained  from  a  spring 
in  India. 

AMBICUS,  Alembic. 

AMBIDEX'TER,  AmpMdex'ius,  from  ambo, 
'both,'  and  dexter,  'right.'  One  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility.  Celsus  says  the  sur- 
geon ought  to  be  *non  minus  sinistra  quam  dex- 
trd  promptus.'  One  of  the  aphorisms  of  Hippo- 
crates says,  that  a  woman  is  never  ambidexter. 
This  is  a  mistake. 

AMBILiEVUS,  Ampharisteros. 

AMBIOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMBITUS  GENITALIS  MULIEBRIS,  Ves- 
tibulum. 

AMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSMUS.  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDION,  see  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDIUM,  Abortive. 

AMBLOTICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBLUS,  a^0\vi,  'obscure.'     Hence, 

AMBLYAPH'IA,  from  a///?Au?,  'obscure,' and 
(a<t>r„  'feeling.'     Dulness  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

AMBLYOGMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBLYO'PIA,   from    a/jfihvs,    'obscure,'   and 

w\p,  'the  eye.'    Amblyos'mos,  Ambhjog'mos,  Amph- 

j  o'pia  (so  called   by  some,  according  to  Castelli, 

I!  ob  ignorantiam  GrceccB  lingua),  Hebetu'do   cisus, 


AMBLYOSMOS 


51 


A  M  M  I 


ess  0/ tight,  (F. )  Amblyopic,  Vnt  faxble. 

First  degree  of  Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 

Amblyopia  Crbpobcul  iris,  Hemeralopia — a. 
Dissitorum,  Myopia— a.  Meridiana,  Nyctalopia — 
a.  Proslmorum,  Presbytia. 

AMBLYOSMOS,  Amblyopia, 

AMBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBON,  ufiiuv,  'the  raised  rim  of  a  shield  or 
dish.'  from  amJutiw,  'I  ascend.'  The  fibro-oarti- 
laginous  rings  or  oowrrelsts,  which  surround  the 
articular  cavities,  as  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the 
pcapula,  the  acetabulum,  Ac,  have  heen  so  called 
—Galen.     See  Crista, 

AMBOR,  Ambergris, 

AMBRA,  Baeeinum  —  a.  Arubrosiaca,  Amber- 
gris—a. Cineraoea,  Ambergris. 

AMBRAGRISE  \.  Ambergris. 

AM  BEE  BLANO,  Snooinam  (album)  —  a. 
Janm .  Snocinnm. 

AMBEETTE,  Hibiscus  abelmosohus. 

AMBRINA  AMBROSIOIDE6,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides  —  a.  Anthelmintiea,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticum — a.  Botrys,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

AMBROISIE  DU MEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

AMBRO'SIA,    from    a,   privative,   and   Pporos, 
,.'      Food   which    makes   immortal,  or  the 
Food  of  immortals.      Food  of  the  gods  —  Homer. 
•  •,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

Ambrosia  Elatior,  see  A.  Trifida. 

Ambrosia  Mabit'ima,  Ord.  Composites.  A 
plant  which  grows  on  the  shores  of  the  Levant, 
and  has  a  pleasant,  bitter  and  aromatic  taste.  It 
U  given  in  infusion,  SI  a  tonic  and  antispasmodic. 

AMBR08IA  Tkif'ida,  Horseweed,  Richweed, 
lint,  fforsecane,  Bilterweed,  Great  or  Tall 
■  •/,  Wild  IF' in j).  This  indigenous  plant  is 
found  in  low  grounds  and  along  streams,  from 
Canada  to  Georgia,  and  west  to  Louisiana  and 
Arkansas.  It  is  an  annual,  and  flowers  in  Au- 
gust  and  September.  An  infusion  has  been  re- 
Commended  locally  in  mercurial  salivation. 

Ambrosia  Elatior,  Ragweed,  is  said  by  Dr.  R. 
E.  (trifhth  to  have  much  more  developed  sensible 
properties. 

AMBROSIE  DU  MEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

AM  Bl I.  A  NCE  (P.),  from  ambulare,  'to  walk.' 
A  military  hospital  attached  to  an  army,  and 
moving  along  with  it.  Also  called  Hdpital  am- 
bulant. 

AMBULATIO,  Walking. 

AM'BDLATORY,  Am'bulan*,  Ambuiati'vus, 
Am'balntive,  (P.)  Ambulant.  A  morbid  affection 
is  said  to  be  'ambulatory/  (P.)  ambulant,  when 
it  skips  from  one  part  to  another;  as  Erisypiles 
ambulants,  Ac.  when  blisters  are  applied  suc- 
ily  on  different  parts  of  the  body,  they  are 
called    VSsicatoiret    ambulant*. 

AMBULEIA,  Cichorium  intybus. 

AM'BULL  The  Brachmanie  name  for  an  In- 
dian aquatic  herb,  which  appears  to  belong  to 
the  family  Lysimaehim.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
imelL  Its  decoction  has  a  very  bitter 
taste,  and  is  an  excellent  febrifuge.  It  is  also 
taken  in  milk  in  cases  of  vertigo. 

kM'BULO  PLATCLEN'TUa  FT  FURIO'- 
SU8,  Flatus  fmrio'sus,  Vare'ni.  Painful,  mo- 
bile, and  periodica]  tumours  affecting  different 
part-,  which  were  ones  eonsidered  as  the  effect 
of  rery  subtile  vapours  —  Michaelis.  Their  na- 
ture is  by  no  means  clear. 

AMB1   STIO,   Morn. 

AMBD  ll'A.  Pareira  bravs, 

IMBUYA  BMBO.  A  rery  beautiful,  creeping 
aristolochia  of  Brazil,  the  decoction  of  which  is 
exhil    •  fully  in  obstructions.     It  is  also 

in  fumigation  and  in  baths  as  a  tonic. 

.1   'IK.  An; ;na. 


AMELI.  A  Malabar  shrub,  belonging  to  a 
genus  unknown.  The  decoction  of  its  leaves  is 
said  to  relieve  colic.  Its  roots,  boiled  in  oil,  are 
used  U)  repel  tumours. 

AMI- LI  A.  Apathy. 

AM  KM  A.  Ainenorrhcea,  Emmenagogues. 

AMENOMA'NIA  A  hybrid  word,  formed 
from  the  Latin  anainwi,  'agreeable,'  and  ftavta, 
'mania.'      A  gay  form  of  insanity. 

AMENORRHEA,  Param  ' nia  obstruetio'nis, 
Menecryph'ia,  '/•  nosta'sia,  Apopkretx'i*,Arrha  '", 
Defec't ms  sou  Reman' no  <vn  Ueeaa'tie  wten'sium, 
Menstrua'tia  impedi'ta,  hchome'nia,  Ame'niu, 
Ametroka'inia,  from  u,  privative,  n>)v,  'a  month/ 
and  ptu),  'I  flow.'  Suppression  of  the  menses,  (P.) 
Suppression  dn  /lux  menstrual.  This  suppression 
is  most  commonly  symptomatic,  and  hence  the 
chief  attention  must  be  paid  to  the  cause.  Usu- 
ally, there  is  an  atonic  state  of  the  system  ^''lie- 
rally,  and  hence  chalybeates  and  other  tonic-  are 
advisable. 

Two  great  varieties  of  Amenorrhoea  are  com- 
monly reckoned.  1.  A.  Emansio'nis,  Email's;, , 
nn  ii'xittm,  Menis'ehesis,  3fenos/cheeis,  M<  nstrua'tio 
n  tin' ia.  Men' stum  reten'tio,  Retention  of  the  men- 
SS9|  when  the  menses  do  not  appear  at  the  usual 
age  :  and,  2.  Suppres'sio  Men'tn'nm  sen  Menetru- 
atio'nis,  Antenorrhos'a  Suppressiu'nis,  Interrup'tio 
menstruatio'nis,  Menstrua  tio  Buppres'sa,  in  which 
the  catamenia  are  obstructed  in  their  regular 
periods  of  recurrence.  See  Emansio  Mensium, 
and  Menses. 

AmbborrhcRA  Difficilis,  Dystnenorrhoea — a. 
Emansionis,  see  Amenorrhoea — a.  Hymenica,  see 
Ilyraenicus  —  a.  Partialis,  Dysmeuorrhoea  —  a. 
Suppressionis,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

AMENTIA,  Dementia:  see,  also.  Fatuitas,  and 
Idiotism — a.  Senilis,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

AM  Ell,  Amarus  —  a.  de  Bceuf,  Bile  of  tho 
ox. 

AMERICAN,  see  Homo. 

AMERICANUM  TUBEROSUM,  Solanum  tu- 
berosum. 

AMER  TUME,  Bitterness. 

AM'ETHYST,  Amethys'tua,  from  a,  privative, 
and  fjuOvu),  'I  am  drunk.'  A  precious  stone,  to 
which  the  ancients  attributed  the  property  of 
preventing  drunkenness.  It  was  also  nsed  as  an 
anti-diarrbceic  and  absorbent. — Pliny,  Albertus 
Magnus. 

AM  KTH'YSUM,  Amethys'tum,  (remedium.) 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  A  remedy  for  drunk- 
enness. 

AMFT11IA,  Intemperance,  from  a,  privative, 
and  fierpov,  'measure.'  Also,  absence  of  the 
uterus  :  from  a,  privative,  and  pr)Tou,  'the  uterus.' 

AMKTKolLEMIA.  Amenorrhoea, 

AMIAN'THUM  MUSCfiTOX'ICUM.  (auisv- 
roi,  'pure,'  and  avSos,  'a  flower,')  Melan'thium 
museevtox'icum,  Helo'nias  erythrosperm'a,  Fh/- 
poison,  FaU-poison,  indigenous.  Ord.  Melan- 
tbacern.      A  narcotic  poison,  not  Used,  however. 

AMICULF.M.  Amnios. 

.1  \fIDOLIQUE,  from  amidum,  'starch.'  Ap- 
pertaining or  belonging  to  starch.  M.  Feral 
calls  midieaments  amidoliques  those,  which  o^c 
their  general  properties  to  starch. 

AMIDON,    Amvlum  —  a.     lodun     d\    Starch, 
Iodide  of. 
AMIDONNlItRE,  Ammi  maculatum, 

AMIDUM,  Amvlum. 

AM  IN. FA.    \nime. 

AMI.VFT.M  YINUM,  Amine'an  wine,  highly 

esteemed  as  a  st achic.     Virgil  distinguishes  it 

from  the  Falernian.-  Pliny,  M  1  trobius,  Ac 

AMM  \.  Truss. 

AMMI,  Ammi  majus  sen  eieutafo'lium  sen 
„  lulja'rc  tea  /Julia',  Am'mius  murica'ta,  A'pium 


AMMION 


AMMONLE    ACETAS 


ammi,  Bishop's  weed.  The  seeds  of  this  plant 
are  aromatic  and  pungent.  They  are  said  to  be 
carminative  and  diuretic,  and  are  tonic  and  sto- 
machic. 

Ammi  Bolbert,  Ammi  —  a.  des  Boutiques,  see 
Sison  ammi — a.  Cicuta?folium,  Ammi — a.  Majus, 
Ammi — a.  Verum,  see  Sison  ammi — a.  Vulgare, 
Ammi. 

AMMION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

AMMIOS  MURICATA,  Ammi. 

AMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

AMMOCHO'SIA,  Ammocho'sis,  from  appoi, 
'sand,' and  ^tw,  'I  pour.'  Arena'tio.  Putting 
the  human  body  in  hot  sand,  for  the  cure  of 
disease. 

AMMO'NIA,  Ammo'nia  or  Ammoni'acal  gas, 
Volatile  al'kali,  Al'cali  ammoni'acum  caus'ticum, 
A.  volat'ile  caus'ticum,  Ammo'nia  caus'tica  seu 
pura,  Ammoni'acum,  A.  caus'ticum,  Gas  ammo- 
■niaca'le,  Jlephi'tis  urino'sa,  (F.)  Ammoniaque, 
Air  alcalin,  Gaz  ammoniacal.  An  alcali,  so  called, 
because  obtained  principally  by  decomposing  sal 
ammoniac  [muriate  of  ammonia)  by  lime.  This 
gas  is  colourless,  transparent,  elastic,  of  a  pun- 
gent, characteristic  odour,  and  an  acrid,  urinous 
taste.  It  turns  the  syrup  of  violets  green,  and 
its  specific  gravity  is  0-596.  When  inhaled, 
largely  diluted  with  common  air,  it  is  a  powerful 
irritant.  When  unmixed,  it  instantly  induces 
suffocation. 

Ammonia,  Acetate  of,  Solution  op,  Liquor 
ammoniae  acetatis — a.  Arseniate  of,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Benzoate  of,  Ammonia?  benzoas — 
a.  Bicarbonate  of,  see  Ammoniae  carbonas  —  a. 
Caustiea  liquida,  Liquor  ammoniae  —  a.  Chloro- 
hydrate  of.  Ammonia?  murias — a.  Citrate  of,  Am- 
moniae citras — a.  Hydriodate  of,  Ammonium,  io- 
dide of — a.  Hydrocblorate  of,  Ammonia?  murias 
— a.  Hydrosulphuretof,  Ammoniae  sulphuretum — 
n.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — a.  Liniment  of,  strong, 
Linimentum  ammonia?  fortius — a.  Liquid,  Liquor 
Ammonia? — a.  Muriatica,  Ammonia?  murias  —  a. 
Nitrata,  Ammonia?  nitras — a.  Phosphate  of,  Am- 
monia? phosphas — a.  Praeparata,  Ammonia?  car- 
bonas—  a.  Pura  liquida,  Liquor  ammoniae  —  a. 
Solution  of,  Liquor  ammonia?  —  a.  Solution  of, 
stronger,  Liquor  ammonia?  fortior  —  a.  Tartrate 
of,  Ammonia?  tartras. 

AMMO'XIAC,  GUM,  Ammoni'acum  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Gum'mi  Ammoni'acum,  Armoni'  acum,  Jlato'- 
rium,  (F.)  Ammoniac,  Gomme  ammoniaque,  so 
called  from  Ammonia  in  Lybia,  whence  it  is 
brought.  A  gum-resin,  the  concrete  juice  of 
Dore'ma  ammoni'acum,  of  Persia:  a  species  of  a 
genus  allied  to  Ferula;  and  also  the  gum-resin 
of  Fer'ula  tingita'na.  The  latter  is  the  ammo- 
niacum  of  commerce.  It  is  in  irregular,  dry 
masses  and  tears,  yellow  externally,  whitish 
within.  Its  odour  is  peculiar,  and  not  ungrate- 
ful :  taste  nauseous,  sweet,  and  bitter.  It  forms  a 
white  emulsion  with  water:  is  soluble  in  vinegar; 
partially  so  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  solutions  of  the 
alcalies. 

Gum  ammoniacum  is  expectorant,  deobstru- 
ent(?),  antispasmodic,  discutient,  and  resolvent. 
It  is  chiefly  used,  however,  in  the  first  capacity, 
and  in  the  formation  of  certain  plasters. 

Two  varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market, 
GuttcB  ammoni'aci,  the  best;  and  Lapis  ammoni'- 
tici.  the  more  impure. 

AMMONIAC.E  NITRAS,  Ammoniae  nitras— 
a.  Sulphas,  Ammonia?  sulphas. 

AMMOXIACUM,  Ammonia,  Ammoniac  gum 
—a.  Hydrochloratum  ferratum,  Ferrum  ammoni- 
atum — a.  Suecinatum,  Spiritus  ammonia?  foetidus 
— a.  Volatile  mite,  Ammonia?  carbonas. 

AMMONIA  ACETAS,  Liquor  ammonia?  ace- 
tatis— a,  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Ammonia. 


Ammonia  Ben'zoas,  Ben'zoate  of  Ammonia. 
A  salt  formed  by  the  union  of  benzoic  acid  and 
ammonia,  which  has  been  prescribed  for  the  re- 
moval of  gouty  depositions  of  urate  of  soda  in 
the  joints.     It  is  regarded  as  a  good  diuretic. 

Ammonle  Bicar'bonas,  Bicarb'onate  of  Am- 
mo'nia, is  officinal  in  the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  next,  and  is 
more  palatable.    Dose,  six  to  twenty-four  grains. 

Ammonite  Car'bonas,  A.  Subcar'bonas  seu  Ses- 
quicar'bonas,  Salt  of  bones,  Sal  Os'sium,  Sal  Fn- 
lig"inis,  Salt  of  wood-soot,  Salt  of  urine,  Volatile 
Sal  Ammoniae,  Baker's  salt,  Al'cali  volat'ile 
aera'tnm,  A.  volat'ile  ammoniaca'le,  A.  volat'ile 
ex  sale  ammoni'aco,  Ammoni'acum  volat'iie  mite, 
Ammo'nium  carbon'icum  seu  subcarbo'neum,  Car- 
bonas ammo' nice  alkali' nus  seu  incomple'tus  seu 
superammoni'acns,  Hypocar'bonas  ammo' nice.  Fib- 
res salis  ammoni'aci,  Sal  cornu  cervi  volat'ile,  Sal 
volat'  His  sal  is  ammoni'aci,  Concrete  or  mild  volatile 
alkali,  Carbonate  or  Subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
Ammo'nia  prcepara'ta,  Sal  volat'ile,  Smelling  salt, 
(F.)  Carbonate  d' ammoniaque,  Sel  volat i I  d'An- 
gleterre,  (Amnion,  muriat.  fibj  ;  Crete.  Ibiss.  Sub- 
lime—  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  white,  striated,  crystalline 
mass;  odour  and  taste  pungent  and  ammoniacal: 
soluble  in  two  parts  of  water :  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol :  effloresces  in  the  air.  It  is  stimulant,  ant- 
acid, diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  gr. 
v  to  xv. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  at  times  used  to  form 
effervescing  draughts.  One  scruple  saturates  six 
fluidrachms  of  lemon  juice,  twenty-six  grains  of 
crystallized  tartaric  acid,  and  twenty-six  grains 
of  crystallized  citric  acid. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  the  usual  smelling 
salts.  When  a  few  drops  of  Liquor  Ammonia? 
fortior  are  added  to  it  coarsely  powdered,  and 
some  volatile  oil,  it  forms  Preston  Salts. 

Ammonia  Citras,  Citrate  of  Ammo'nia.  Made 
by  saturating  lemon  or  lime  juice,  or  a  solution 
of  citric  acid,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia.  Dose, 
f  j|-ss.  It  may  be  made  extemporaneously,  and 
taken  in  an  effervescing  state.  Seventeen  grains 
of  citric  acid,  or  half  a  fluidounce  of  lemon  juice, 
will  be  sufficient  for  thirteen  grains  of  carbonate 
of  ammonia. 

Ammonite  Ccpro-sulphas,  Cuprum  ammonia- 
tum. 

Ammoni.e  et  Ferri  Murias,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niatum — a.  Ferro-citras,  Ferri  ammonio-citras — 
a.  Hydriodas,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a.  Hydro- 
chloras,  Ammonia?  murias  —  a.  Hydrosulphure- 
tum,  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  —  a.  Hypocarbonas, 
Ammonia?  Carbonas. 

Ammoni.e  Mu'rias  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Mu'riate  01 
Chlorohydrate  of  Ammo'nia,  Hydrochlo 'rate  oj 
Ammo'nia,  Chlorohydrate  of  Ammo'nia  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Sal  Ammoni'acum,  Sal  Ammo'niac,  Sal 
Ammoni'acus,  Ammo'nia  Muriat'ica,  Ammo'nium 
JIuria'tum.  Ammo'nim  Hydrochlo'ras,  Chlorure'- 
tum  Ammo'nicum,  Sal  Armeni'acum,  Salmiac, 
Fuli'go  Al'ba  Philosopho' rum,  J/isadir,  (F.) 
Muriate  d' Ammoniaque,  Sel  Ammoniac  ou  Arme- 
niac.  A  saline  concrete,  formed  by  the  combi- 
nation of  muriatic  acid  with  ammonia.  In  Egypt 
it  is  manufactured  in  large  quantities  by  sublim- 
ing the  soot  formed  by  burning  camel's  dung — 26 
pounds  of  the  soot  yielding  6  pounds.  It  is  also 
prepared,  in  great  quantities,  by  adding  sulphuric 
acid  to  the  volatile  alkali  obtained  from  soot, 
bones,  &c.,  mixing  this  with  common  salt,  and 
subliming. 

Muriate  of  ammonia  is  inodorous,  but  has  an 
acrid,  pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous  taste. 
Three  parts  of  cold  water  dissolve  one.  Solu- 
ble also  in  4*5  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  aperient 
and  diuretic,  but  seldom  used  internally.     Ex- 


AMMO  XI A  QUE 


53 


AMOMUM 


terr.ally.  it  is  employed,  producing  cold  during 
its  solutioa,  in  inflammations!  Ac. 

AmMO'MFJC  Xitkas,  Nitrate  of  Ammonia,  AV - 
Ltili  volat'ili uitra'tum,  Sal  ammoni' aeut  nitro*  tut, 

Aniuin' nin  nitra'ta,  Nitrai  mn moni' ac(B,  Nitrum 
ilammans,   (F.)    Nitrate    d'  Ammouiaque.      A   Bait 

oomposed  of  nitric  acid  and  ammonia.  It  is  diu- 
retic ami  deobstrueat  (f)  Externally,  it  is  dis- 
cutient  and  sialogogue,  X 

AmM"'ni.K  PhoSPSAS,  Amuio'ninm  phoephor'i- 
ciim,  Phosphate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Phoephate 
cP Ammouiaque.  This  salt  lias  been  recommended 
S8  an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and  diseutient.  More 
recently,  it  has  been  proposed  as  a  new  remedy 
for  gout  and  rheumatism,  Sfl  a  solvent  of  one  aeid 
calculus,  and  for  diseases,  acute  and  chronic,  con- 
nected directly  with  the  lithic  acid  diathesis. 

Ammoni  i:  Sbsquicarbomas,  A.  earbonas. 

Ammo'kIjB  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Sulpha*  ammoni'aees,  Ammo'nium  tulphu'rieum, 
Ai'leali  volat'ili  vitriola'tum,  Sal  Ammoni? aeuin 
secre'tuni  Glaubbri,  Sal  eeere'tut Glaubbb^  Vi- 
triolum  ammomiaea  .  1  .  Sulphate  aVAmmoni- 
aquM.  Funned  by  adding  sulphuric  acid  either  to 
sal  ammoniac  or  boammoniacal  Liquor.  Its  proper- 
ties are  like  those  of  the  muriate  of  ammonia. 

Ammo'mjb  Sulphubb'tum,  Sul'phuret  of  Am- 
mo'nia,  Hgdrooul'phuret  of  Ammo'nia,  Ammo'- 
nium Sulf hydra' turn,  llydrosui phot  Ammonias, 
SpiPitu*  Bboui'bi,  Sp.  fuman*  Bkgli'ni,  Sul- 
phure'tum  ammoni'atm,  Sp.  talis  ammoni' act  *»/- 
phura'tue,  Liquor  ammo'nii  hydrothi'odie,  Hydro- 
eulphure'tum  Ammo'nieum,  Hydrotulph.  ammonia- 
'  juo'eum,  Hydrog"eno-oulphure,tum  ammo- 
ni1 acts  liq'uidum,  Spir'itue  eul'phurie  volat'ili*, 
Hepar  tulphurie  oolat'ili,  Boyle's  or  Begtixk's 
fuming  tpirit,  (F.)  Hydroeulphate  sulfure  d'Am- 
moniaque,  Liqueur  fumante  de  Boyle,  Sulfure 
iydrogini  o?  Ammonietque,  Hydrosulfure  d'Am- 
tnoniaque.  Odour  very  fetid:  taste  nauseous  and 
styptic;  colour  dark  yellowish  green.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  sedative,  nauseating,  emetic,  disoxy- 
genizing  (?)  and  has  been  given  in  diabetes  and 
-  of  increased  excitement.     Dose,  gtt.  vij 

to  gtt.  XX. 

Ammo'NUB  Tartras,  Al'kali  volat'ile  tartari- 
.  Sal  Ammoni' acum  tarta'reum,  Tar'tarue 
ammo'nia,  Tartrate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Tartrate 
(T Ammoniaque.  A  salt  composed  of  tartaric  acid 
and  ammonia.  It  is  diaphoretic  aud  diuretic; 
but  not  much  need. 

AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonia — a.  Arseniate  a", 
Arseniate  of  ammonia — 'i.  Hydrotulfure  d',  Am- 
nion isa  sulphuretum — a.  Hydroeulfate  sulfure  d', 
Ammonisa  sulphuretum — a.  Liquide,  Liquor  ain- 
monisa — ".  Pkotphate  d',  Ammonisa  phosphas— 
a.  Sulfure  hydrog£n4  </',  Ammonias  sulphuretum. 

AMMONII  IODIDUM,  Ammonium,  iodide  of 
— a.  [oduretum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

AMM0NI0-CUPRICUS  SUliriULPHAS,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatam. 

AMMO'NION,  from  a/1/105,  'sand.'  An  ancient 
eollyriam  of  great  virtue  in  many  diseases  of  the 
1  which  was  said  to  remove  sand  from 
that  organ. 

AMMONIUM  ARSENICTCUM,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Carbonicum,  Ammonias  earbonas — 
a.  llvdroiudicum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a.  Io- 
flatnm,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

Ammo'biOM,  [oDIDfl  or,  lod'idum  seu  Iodure'- 
luiu  ammonii,  Ammonium  loda'tum  sen  Hydro- 
iod'icnm,  Hydri'oda*  ammo'nia,  Hydri'odate  of 
ammo'nia.  This  salt  is  formed  by  saturating 
liquid  hydriodie  <u-id  wit  1 1  eauetie  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  the  solution.  It  is  applied  in  the 
form  of  ointment  (3J  ad  adipi*  3J)  in  lepra, 
psoriasis,  Ac. 

Ammonii  M  MUBIATIOUM  MARTTATUM  §BV  MAR- 
tiale,  Forrum  ammoniatum — a.  Muriatuin,  Am- 


monias murias  —  a.  Phosphoricum,  Ammonias 
phosphas — a.  Bubearboncnm,  Ammonias  earbonas 
— a.  Snlt'hydratnm,  Ammonia'  sulphuretum — a. 
Salphnricnm,  Ammonia'  sulphas. 

AMNA  ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral,  sa- 
line. 

A  MNBMOSYNE,  Amnesia. 

AMNE'SIA,  Amu' si' in,  Amnemot'yni,  from  a, 
privative,  and  /iv^t?,  'memory.'  Mo'ria 
His  amne'eia,  Obliv'io,  ltecollectio'iiiu  jactu'ra, 
I.  Dysesthesia  inter' na,  Debil'itae  memo' ria,  Me- 
mo'ria  debs' to,  {¥.)  Perte  de  Memoire,  'loss  of 
ij  memory.'  By  some  nosologists,  amnesia  con- 
stitutes a  genus  of  diseases.  By  most,  it  is  con- 
sidered only  as  a  symptom,  which  may  occur  iu 
many  diseases. 

AMNESTIA,  Amnesia, 

AM  NIC,  Amniotic. 

AMNIO  ACID,  Amniotic  acid. 

AMNIITIS,  Amnitis. 

AMNIOCLEP'SIS,  from  amnios,  and  rXnm#, 
'I  steal  or  take  away  clandestinely.'  Premature 
escape  of  the  Liquor  amnii. 

AMXlURlllKE'A,  from  amnios,  and  pcu,  'I 
flow.'  A  premature  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

A  M  '  N  I  0  X,   Am'nioe,   Amnium,   Hym'nium, 
Charta  virgin' ea,  Armatu'ra,  Agni'na  membra' na, 
Pellu'cida  membra' no,  Galea,  Scepar'num,  Indu'- 
n'ttm,   Aiitir'iduui,   Membra' na  foetum   invol'vens. 
]|  The  innermost  of  the  enveloping  membranes  of 
ij  the  foetus: — so  called  because  first  observed  in 
ii  the  sheep  (?),  (a/ivos,  'a  sheep.')    It  is  thin,  trans- 
i  parent,  perspirable,  and  possesses   many  delicate 
(  colourless  vessels,  which  have  not  been  injected. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  produced  by  a 
fold  of  the  external  layer  of  the  germinal  mem- 
brane, rising  up,  and  gradually  enveloping  the 
embryo.     Its  external  surface  is  feebly  united  to 
the  chorion  by  areolar  and  vascular    filaments. 
Its  inner  surface  is  polished,  and  is  in  contaot 
with  the  body  of  the  foetus  and  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMXIOT'IC,  Amniot'icus,  Amnio,  Am'nicus, 
(F.)  Amniotique  ou  Amnique.  Relating,  or  ap- 
pertaining, to  the  amnios. 

AMXIOT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  am'nicum  seu 
iiiiiiiiot'icum.  A  peculiar  acid,  found  by  Yauque- 
lin  and  Buniva  in  the  liquor  amnii  of  the  cow. 

AMNIQUE,  Amniotic. 

AMNI'TIS,  Amnii' tie,  from  amnion  and  ids, 
'inflammation.'     Inflammation  of  the  amnion. 

AMtEXOMA'XIA,  from  amaenu*,  'agreeable,' 
and  mania.  A  form  of  mania  in  which  the  hal- 
lucinations are  of  an  agreeable  character. 

AMOME  FAUX,  Sison  amomum. 

AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM  (Ph.  D.),  A. 
verum,  Alpin'ia  eardamo'mum,  Caro'pi,  Mato'hia 
Cardamo'mum,  Eletta'ria  Cardamo'mum,  I'ania- 
tno'mum  Minus,  Lesser,  True,  or  Officinal  Car'da- 
mom,  (F.)  Oardamome  dc  la  Cote  de  Malabar, 
Cardamome.  Ord.  Zingiberaeem.  The  Bruit  of 
this  East  India  plant — Cardamomum,  (Ph.  I  .  B.), 
C.  Malabar  en' ei  —  has  an  agreeable,  aromatic 
odour,  and  a  pungent,  grateful  taste.  It  U  car- 
minative and  stomachio:  but  is  chiefly  used  to 
give  warmth  to  other  remedies.  It  is  called  Amo- 
mi8.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j. 

The  Amo'mum  Cardamo'mum  of  Linnaeus,  ('/>ix- 
ter  or  Hound  Cardamom  of  Sumatra,  .Java,  and 
other  islands  eastward  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
yields  the  round  Cardamom,  Cardamo'mum  ro- 
tun'dum,  of  the  shops.  The  fruits,  in  their  native 
clusters  or  spikes,  constituting  the  Amo'mum  ro- 
ri-i.io'xitiu,  are  rarely  met  with. 

AMOMUM  CURCUMA,  Curcuma  longa. 

Amomum  Qalamga,  Maranta  galanga. 

Amomum  Obahum  Paradisi,  A.  maafimum, 
Cardamo'mum  majut  %6U  piper  a' turn,  Meleguet'ta, 
Maniguetta.     Greater  cardamom  Beeds — -Qrana 

Paradi'ei,  Grains  of  Paradise,   (F.)  Urainea  d& 


AMOR 


54 


AMULET UM 


Paradis — resemble  A.  cardamoraum  in  properties. 
The}"  are  extremely  hot,  and  not  much  used. 

Amomum,  Great-winged,  Amomum  maximum 
— a.  Hirsutum,  Costus. 

AMOMDM    Max'imum,    Great-xcinged  Amomum, 
yields  the  fruit  known  in  commerce  by  the  names 
Java   or  Nepal   Curdamoms,  Bengal    Cardamoms  j 
of  the  Calcutta  market,  &c. — Pereira. 

Amomum  Montanum,  see  Cassuuiuniar — a.  Pi- 
menta.  see  Myrtus  pimenta — a.  Racemosum,  see 
A.  cardamomura — a.  Sylvestre,  see  Cassuinuniar 
— a.  Zedoaria,  Ksempferia  rotunda — a.  Zerumbet, 
see  Cassumuniar. 

Amomum  Zin'giber,  Zin' giber  officinale  seu  | 
album  seu  nigrum  seu  commu'ne,  Zin'ziber,  Gin- 
ger, (F.)  Gingembre.  The  block  and  white  ginger, 
Zin'ziber  fuscum  et  album,  Zin' giber  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
are  the  rhizoma  of  the  same  plant,  Zin'giber  offi- 
cinale, the  difference  depending  upon  the  mode 
of  preparing  them. 

The  odour  of  ginger  is  aromatic  ;  taste  warm, 
aromatic,  and  acrid.  It  yields  its  virtues  to  alco- 
hol, and  in  a  great  degree  to  water.  It  is  car- 
minative, stimulant,  and  sialogogue. 

Preferred  Ginger,  Zingib'eris  Radix  Condi'ta, 
Radix  Zingib'eris  condi'ta  ex  India  alla'ta,  is  a 
condiment  which  possesses  all  the  virtues  of 
ginger. 

Ginger-Beer  Powders  may  be  formed  of  white 
sugar  %}  and  ^ij,  ginger  gr.  v,  subcarbouate  of 
soda  gr.  xxxvj.  in  each  blue  paper:  acid  of  tar- 
tar ^iss,  in  each  white  paper — for  half  a  pint  of 
•water. 

Oxley's  Concentrated  Essence  of  Jamaica  Gin- 
ger is  a  solution  of  ginger  in  rectified  spirit. 

AMOR.  Love.     '  , 

AMORGE.  Amurca. 

AMORPHUS,  Anhistous,  Anideus. 

AMOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

AMOUR,  Love — a.  Physique,  Appetite,  vene- 
real. 

AMOUREUX,  (muscle.)  Obliquus  superior 
oculi. 

AMPAC,  Amp'acus.  An  East  India  tree,  the 
leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  odour,  and  are 
used  in  baths  as  detergents.  A  very  odoriferous 
resin  is  obtained  from  it. 

AMPAR.  Succinum. 

AMPELOCARPUS.  Galium  aparine. 

AMPELOPRASUM.  Allium. 

AMPELOP'SIS  QUIXQUEFO'LIA,  (a^e\og, 
'the  vine,'  and  o\Ws.  "appearance,')  Virgin' iuu 
Creeper,  American  Ivy,  Fivc-leaced  Ivy,  Woody 
Climber.  An  indigenous  climbing  plant.  Ord. 
Vitacese ;  which  flowers  in  July.  It  has  been 
advised  as  an  expectorant. 

AMPELOS,  Vitis  vinifera — a.  Agria,  Bryonia 
alba — a.  Idaea,  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idaaa — a.  Melasma, 
Tamus  communis — a.  Oinophorus,  Vitis  vinifera. 

AMPIIAMPHOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPHARISTEROS,  Ambilce'vus,  'awkward:' 
from  a/iipi,  and  apiarepos,  'the  left.'  Opposed  to 
ambidexter. 

AMPIIEMERIXOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPIIEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHI,  a/npi,  'both,  around,  on  all  sides.' 
Hence,  a  prefix  in  many  of  the  following  terms. 

AMPHIAM.  Opium. 

AMPIIIARTHRO'SIS,  from  aiKpt,  'both,'  and 
ao^puxn?.  '  articulation.'  A  mixed  articulation, 
in  which  the  corresponding  surfaces  of  bones  are 
united  in  an  intimate  manner  by  an  intermediate 
body,  which  allows,  however,  of  some  slight  mo- 
tion. Such  is  the  junction  of  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrae  by  means  of  the  intervertebral  car- 
tilages. This  articulation  has  also  been  called 
Diarthmse  de  Continuite.  The  motion  it  permits 
is  but  Blight. 

AMPMIBLESTROIDITIS,  Retinitis. 


AMPHIBLESTROTDES,  Reticular. 

AMPUIBLESTROMALA'CIA,  Amphibia- 
tro'idomala'cia,  from  amphiblestro'ides  (membra- 
na),  'the  retina,  and  pakaxia,  'softening.'  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  the  retina. 

AMPHIBRAX'CHIA,  from  apifri,  'around.' 
and  i3pay%ia,  'the  throat.'  Amphibron'chia.  The 
tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHICAUSTIS,  Vulva. 

AMHID'EUM,  from  an<pi,  'around,'  and  Sew, 
'I  bind.'  The  outermost  margin  of  the  cervix 
uteri ;  the  Labium  uteri. 

AMPHIDEXIUS,  Ambidexter. 

AMPillDIARTHRO'SIS,  from  a^t,  'about.' 
and  diapS-puxTis,  '  moveable  joint.'  A  name  given 
by  Winslow  to  the  temporo-maxillary  articula- 
tion, because,  according  to  that  anatomist,  it 
partakes  both  of  ginglvmus  and  arthrodia. 

AMPHIESMA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

AMPHIMERIXA,  Pertussis— a.  Hectica,  Hec- 
tic fever. 

AMPHIMERIXOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPIIIOX.  Maslach. 

AMPHIPLEX,  Perineum. 

A M  PH I PX E DMA,  Dvspnoea. 

AMPHISMELA,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISMILE.  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISPHAL'SIS.  Circumac'tTo,  Circum- 
ductio,  from  a^'pi,  'around,'  and  cr^aAAw,  'I  wan- 
der.' The  movement  of  circumduction  used  in 
reducing  luxations. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AM'PHORA,  per  syncop.  for  nptpt^ootvs,  from 
ap<pi,  'on  both  sides,'  and  0row,  '  I  bear  :'  because 
it  had  two  handles.  A  liquid  measure  among 
the  ancients,  containing  above  seven  gallons. 
Also  called  Quadrant' al,  Cera'mium,  Ceram'nium, 
Cadus. 

AMPHORIC  RESPIRATIOX",  see  Cavernous 
Respiration. 

AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AMPHRODIPLOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPLEXATIO,  Coition. 

AMPLEXUS,  Coition. 

AMPLIFICATIO.  Platynosis. 

AMPLIOPIA,  Amblyopia. 

AMPOSIS.  Anaposis. 

AMPOULES.  Essera. 

AMPUL'LA,  (L.)  'A  bottle.'  A  membranous 
bag,  shaped  like  a  leathern  bottle.  See  Cavitas 
Elliptica.     In  pharmacy,  a  receiver. 

Ampulla  Chylifera  seu  Chyli,  Recepta- 
culum  chvli. 

AMPULLA,  Phlyctamte. 

AMPUTATIOX,  Amputa'tio,  from  ampntare, 
amputation,  (am,  'around,'  and  putare,  'to  cut 
off.')  Apot'ome,  Apotom'ia.  The  operation  of 
separating,  by  means  of  a  cutting  instrument,  a 
limb  or  a  part  of  a  limb,  or  a  projecting  part,  as 
the  mamma,  penis,  &c,  from  the  rest  of  the  body. 
In  the  case  of  a  tumour,  the  term  excision,  re- 
moval, or  extirpation,  (F.)  Resection,  is  more  com- 
monly used. 

Amputation,  Circular,  is  that  in  which  the 
integuments  and  muscles  are  divided  circularly. 

Amputation,  Flap,  (F.)  A.  d  lambeaux,' is 
when  one  or  two  flaps  are  left  so  as  to  cover  the 
stump  when  the  limb  has  been  removed. 

Amputation,  Joint,  Exarticula'tio,  (F.)  A. 
dans  Varticle  ou  dans  la  contiguite  des  me.mbres, 
is  when  the  limb  is  removed  at  an  articulation. 

Each  amputation  requires  a  different  process, 
which  is  described  in  works  on  operative  surgery. 

Amputation,  Spontaneous,  see  Spontaneous. 

AMULET,  Amuletura. 

AMULETTE.  Amuletum. 

AMULE'TUM,  from  amoliri,  'to  remove.'  An 
Amulet,  Periam'ma,  Apotropee'um,  Periap'ton, 
Phylacte'rion,  Apotcles' ma,  Exarte'ma,  Alexica'- 


AMU RCA 


AMYRIS   COMMIPHORA 


cum,  Pr(e*ervati'vum,  Probasca'ninm,  Probascan'- 
Hum,  (F.)  Amulette.  Any  image  or  substance 
worn  about  the  person  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting disease  or  danger. 

AMI   It  CA,  Aninr'ijii,  afiopyn,    from    aptpyw,  'I 

it.'   The  mart  or  grounds  remaining  after 

olives  have   been    crushed   and    deprived  of  their 

oil.    It  has  been  need  u  an  application  to  ulcers. 

AMURGA,  A  in  urea. 

A  V  1  SA,  Bfusa  Paraduriaea. 

A  .M  \  i  K,  Amycha,  Amyx'ia.  Excoriation,  Sca- 
rification. 

AMYCHA,  Amyee, 

AMYCTICA,  from  apvaau),  'I  lacerate.'  Me- 
dicines which  stimulate  aud  veUicate  the  skin. — 

Caditis  Aurelianus. 

A  VTBOLJB,  Fecula. 

AMTDRIASI3,  Mydriasis. 

AMYEL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  /jtuAoj, 
'marrow.'  A  monstrous  formation,  in  which 
there  is  an  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 

AMY  E  L<  IN  KK' V  I A  ;  from  a.  privative,  ^utAoj, 
'marrow/ and  reepev,  'nerve.'  Paralysis  or  de- 
ficient action  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

AMYELOTROPH'IA,  from  a,  privative,  fivcUs, 
'marrow/  and  rpoiprj,  'nourishment.'  Atrophy 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

AMYG'DALA,  same  etymon  as  Amyctica: 
because  there  seem  to  be  fissures  in  the  shell. 
The  Ahum, (I,  of  which  there  are  two  hinds  : 
Amyg'dalm  ama'rce  and  A.  dulces,  (F.)  Amandee 
amiree,  and  A.  douce*,  obtained  from  two  varie- 
ties of  Amyg'dalu*  cotnuiiuii*  or  A.  eati'va,  Al- 
mond tree,  (Old  Eng.)  Amylller,  a  native  of  Bar- 
bery. Onl.  Amygdaless.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria 
Monogynia. 

The  taste  of  Amygdala  dnlcis  is  soft  and  sweet ; 
that  of  A.  amara,  bitter.  Both  yield,  by  expres- 
sion, a  sweet,  bland  oil.  The  bitter  almond  con- 
tain- Prnssic  acid.  They  are  chiefly  used  for 
forming  emulsions. 

Amvg'dal.k  Pasta,  Almond  Paste,  a  cosmetic 

for  softening  the  skin   and   preventing  chaps,  is 

made  of  bitter  almond*,  blanched,  ]|iv,  trkite  of 

;    rune  water,  and  rectified  spirit,  equal 

part-,  or  as  much  as  is  sufficient. 

Amvg'dai.k  Pi.ackn'ta.  Almond  Cake,  is  the 
cake  left  after  the  expression  of  the  oil.  The 
groiutd  Almond  Cake,  Almond  Powder,  Fari'na 
Amygdala' rum,  is  used  instead  of  soap  for  wash- 
ing the  hands. 

AmtobalA,  Tonsil.  Also,  a  lobule  or  promi- 
j  of  the  cerebellum,  so  called  from  its  resem- 

blance to  an  enlarged  tonsil.  This  and  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  form  the  lateral  boundaries 
of  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  valley,  and  are 
in  great  part  covered  by  the  medulla  oblongata. 
The  Amygdala  are  seated  on  either  side  of  the 
uvula,  in  the  fourth  ventricle. 

.1.1/  TO'DALA  TOME,  Amygdalat'omue,  from 
iXij,  'tonsil.'  and  tout),  'incision:'  impro- 
perly Toneillitome, —  Toneil-guiUotine,  (F.)  Se'ca- 
t'lir  dee  Amygdala.  An  instrument  for  Bnrgery 
and  excising  a  portion  of  the  tonsil.  See  Kao- 
tuii'i . 

AMYGDALATUM,  Emulsio  amygdala). 

A  1/  YODALB,  Tonsil. 

AMYG'DALIN,  Amygdali'num,  Amygdali'na, 
Atnyg'daline.  A  principle  contained  in  bitter 
almonds,  which  is  prepared  by  pressing  the 
bruised  almonds  between  heated  plates  to  sepa- 
rate the  fal  oil :  boiling  the  residue  in  alcohol ; 
evaporating,  and  treating  with  ether,  which  pre- 
cipitates the  amygdalin  in  a  crystalline  powder. 
A  weak  Bolution  of  it,  under  the  influence  of  a 
small  quantity  of  emulein  or  tynatapee,  which 
constitutes  the  larger  portion  of  the  pulp  of  al- 
mond-, yields  at  once  oil  of  bitter  almonds  and 
hydrocyanic  acid. 


AMYGDALITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
AMYGDALUS,  see  Amygdala. 

Amvgdai.i  s  COMMUNIS,  see  Amygdala. 

AmTODALDS  Pkk'sica,  Per'sica  vulija'ris.  The 
common  p>,tch-tree,  (F.)  Picker.  The  leaves  and 
-  have  been  considered  laxative.  Th.  y  are 
bitter  and  aromatic,  and  have  been  given  in  he- 
maturia, nephritis,  &c.  The  fruit  is  one  of  the 
pleasant  and  wholesome  Bummer  fruits,  when 
ripe,  The  kernels.  Amyg'dalm  Per'eicm,  as  well 
as  the  flowers,  contain  prassie  acid. 

Peach  Brandy  in  distilled  from  the  fruit,  and 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

AMYGM08,  Scarification. 

A.MYL,  Ainvlimi. 

AMYLA'CEOUS,  Amyla'cene,  (F.)  Amy  lace', 
from  amylum,  'starch.'  Having  the  nature  of, 
or  containing  starch.     Starchy,  starch-like. 

AMTXACSOU8  Bodies.  Corpora  amvlacea. 

AMYLE,  HYDRATED  OXIDE  OF,  Oil.  fusel. 

AMYLBNE,  see  Potato  oil. 

AMYLEON,  Amylum. 

AMYLI  IODIDIM.  Starch,  iodide  of— a. 
loduretum,  Starch,  iodide  of. 

AMYLLIER,  see  Amygdala, 

AMYLOID   BODIES,  Corpora  amvlacea. 

A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Fee'ula,  Amy V eon, 
Amyl'ion,  Am' y Ion,  from  a,  priv.,  and  pvXtj,  'a 
mill,'  because  made  without  a  mill.  Starch,  (Old 
BUg.)  Amyl,  (F.)  Amidnn,  Amylun.  Starch  of 
Wheat,  Fari'na,  Trit' ici  fari' na,  Amyhim  tritic"- 
eum  seu  Trit'ici,  Fee'ula  Amyfa'cea,  is  inodorous 
and  insipid,  white  and  friable.  It  is  insoluble  in 
cold  water  and  alcohol,  but  forms  with  boiling 
water  a  strong,  semi-transparent  jelly.  It  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  used  as  an  emollient  glyster,  and 
as  the  vehicle  for  opium,  when  given  per  auum. 
Starch  is  met  with  abundantly  in  all  the  cereal 
grains,  in  the  stalks  of  many  of  the  palms,  in 
some  lichens,  and  in  many  tuberous  roots,  par- 
ticularly in  the  bulbs  of  the  orchis. 

Amylum  Ambbicahdm,  see  Arrow-root  —  a. 
Cannaceum,  Tous-les-mois — a.  Iodatum,  Starch. 
iodide  of — a.  Manihoticum,  see  Jatropha  manihot 
— a.  Marantaceum,  Arrow-root — a.  Palmaceum, 
Sago — a.  Querneum,  Racahout. 

A'MYON,  from  a  priv.,  and  pvov,  'a  muscle,' 
Emnscula'tus.  Without  muscle.  Applied  to  tho 
limbs,  when  so  extenuated  that  the  muscles  can- 
not be  distinguished. 

AMYOSIS,  Synezizis. 

AJIYOSTHENI'A,  (F.)  Amyoethinie,  from  a, 
priv.,  pvtav,  'a  muscle,'  aud  a^cvof,  'strength.' 
Defect  of  muscular  contraction. 

AM  YOSTHEXIE  CYSTURIQUE, Paralysis 
of  the  bladder. — Piorry. 

AMYRIS  COMMIPHORA,  see  Bdellium. 

Am'vius  Elkmif'era,  (a.  intensive,  and  pvpov, 
'an  odoriferous  ointment,'  because  it  enter.-  into 
the  composition  of  such.)  (F.)  Bateamier  ou 
Baumicr  E/emifere.  Ord.  Terebinthaceae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  whence 
it  has  been  supposed  Gum  Ki.'kmi  is  obtained. 
This  gum  or  resin  is  brought  from  the  Spanish 
Bast  and  West  Indies.  Brazilian  Elemi^nceord- 
ing  to  Dr.  Royle,  is  produced  |,v  Idea  leicaribm  : 
Mexican  Elemi,  by  Bla'pkrium  elemiferum  ;  and 

Manilla  Elemi,  by  ( 'una' rium  coiiimu'iie.  It  is 
sottish,  transparent,  of  a  pale  whitish  colour,  in- 
clining a  little  to  green,  and  of  a  strong,  though 
not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is  only  need  in  oint- 
ments and  plasters,  ami  is  a  digestive. 

Amvkis  ( in  i: ADr.Nsis,  see  A.  opobalsamum. 

Am'ybis  Opobal'samdm,  (P.)  BaUamier  on 
Baumier  dc  la  Meeque,  Hal'sem,  Bal'enmum.  The 
plant  from  which  is  obtained  the  P.ai.sam  OV 
Mecca,  BaFeamum  genui'num  antiquo'rum  sen 
Asiut'icum   seu   Juda'icum  seu   Syriucum  s>eu  e 


AMYRON 


56 


ANESTHETIC 


Jlfeccd   seu   Alpi'ni,   Balsameloe'on,   JSgyptiacum  j 
Bal'eamum,    Coccobal'samum,     Oleum    Bal'sami, 
Opobal'samitm,  Xylobal'samum,  Balsam  or  Balm 
of  Gilead,  (F.)  Baume  Blanc,  B.  de  Constantino-  i 
pie  blanc,  B.  de   Galaad,  B.  da  Grand  Caire,  B.  \ 
Vrai,   Terebinthine  de  Gilead,   T.  d'Egypte,  T.  du  i 
Grand  Kaire,  T.  de  Judee.     A  resinous  juice  ob- 
tained by  making  incisions  into  Amyris  opobal'- 
bamuin  and  A.  Gileaden'sis  of  Linnaeus,  Balsa- 
vtaden'dron  Gileaden'se  of  Kuntb.     The  juice  of 
the  fruit  is  called  Carpobal'samum ;  that  of  the 
wood  and  branches  Xylobal1 samum.     It  has  the 
general  properties  of  the  milder  Terebinthinates. 
Amyris  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 
AMYRON,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
A'MYU.S,  from  a,  privative,  and  ftvs,  'a  mouse, 
a  muscle.'     Weak  or  poor  in  muscle. 

AMYX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  pvl-a,  'mu- 
cus.'    Deficiency  of  mucus. 

AMYXIS,  Amyce,  Scarification. 
ANA,  ava,  a  word  which  signifies  'of  each.' 
It  is  used  in  prescriptions  as  well  as  a  and  aa,  its 
abbreviations.  As  a  prefix  to  words,  it  means 
'in,'  'through,'  'upwards,'  'above,'  in  opposition 
to  cata;  —  also,  'repetition/  like  the  English  re. 
Hence, — 

ANAB'ASIS.  from  avafrvavw,  t I  ascend.'     The 
first  period  of  a  disease,  or  that  of  increase. — 
Galen.     See  Augmentation. 
ANABEXIS,  Expectoration 
ANABLEP'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  PXeiru), 
'  I  see.'     Restoration  to  sight. 

ANABOL.E'ON,  Anabole'us,  from  ava(3a\\u>,  'I 
cast  up.'  An  ointment  for  extracting  darts  or 
other  extraneous  bodies. 

ANAB'OLE,  from  ava,  'upwards/  and  /?aAAw, 
'  I  cast.'  Anago'ge,  Anaph'ora,  Anacine'ma, 
Anacine'sis.  An  evacuation  upwards.  An  act 
by  which  certain  matters  are  ejected  by  the  j 
mouth.  In  common  acceptation  it  includes,  ex- 
spuition, expectoration,  regurgitation,  and  vomit- 
ing. 

ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anabron'chismus,  from 
ava,  'with,'  and  fipo%os,  'a  running  knot.'  An 
operation  for  removing  the  eye-lashes,  for  exam- 
ple, when  they  irritate  the  eye,  by  means  of  a 
hair  knotted  around  them. — Hippocrates,  Galen, 
Celsus,  &c. 

ANABRONCHISMUS,  Anabrochismus. 
ANABROSIS,  Corrosion,  Erosion. 
ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum  telephium. 
ANACAR'DIUM  OCCIDENTA'LE,  (ava  and 
tcapSiu,  'heart/  from  the  resemblance  of  the  fruit 
to  a  dried  heart,)  Acaju'ba  occidenta'lis,  Cassu'- 
vium  pomiferum,  Cashew  (W.  Indies.)   (F.)  Ac'- 
fijou.    Ord.  Terebinthaceae.    Sex.  Syst.    Ennean- 
dria  Monogynia.     The   Oil   of  ib£,   Cashew  Nut, 
O'leum  Anacar'dii,   (F.)   Huile   d' Acajou,   is   an 
active  caustic,  and  used  as  such  in  the  countries 
where  it  grows,  especially  for  destroying  warts, 
&c. 
Anacarptum  Orientals,  Avieennia  tomentosa. 
ANACATHAR'SIS,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
Ka^aipeiv,  'to  purge.'     Purgation  upwards.     Ex- 
pectoration.    See,  also,  Repurgatio. 

Anac^tharsis  Catarkhalis  Simplex,  Ca- 
tarrh. 

ANACATHARTICUS,  Expectorant. 
ANACESTOS.  Incurable. 
ANACHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 
ANACHRON,  Soda. 
ANA  CINEMA,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 
ANACINESIS,  Anabole.  Exspuition. 
ANACLASIS.  Repercussion. 
ANACLINTE'RIUM.    Anaclin'trum,  Recubi- 
to'rium,  from  avajcAu'w,  'I  recline.'     A  long  chair 
or  seat,  so  formed  that  the  person  can  rest  in  a 
reclining  posture. 
ANACLINTRUM,  Anaclinterium. 


ANACOLLE'MA,   from   ava,    'together,    and 
koWuu,  'I  glue.'     A  healing  medicine. 
Anacollkmata,  Frontal  bandages. 
ANACOLUP'PA.     A  creeping  plant  of  Mala- 
bar, the  juice   of  which,  mixed    with  powdered 
pepper,  passes  in  India  as  a  cure  for  epilepsy, 
and  as  the  only  remedy  for  the  bite  of  the  naja. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  Zapa'nia  nodifio'ra. 
ANACOLUTHIE,  Incoherence. 
ANACOMIDE,  Restauratio. 
ANACONCHYLIASMUS,  Gargarism. 
ANACONCHYLISMUS,  Gargarism. 
ANACTESIS,  Restauratio. 
ANACTIRION,  Artemisia. 
ANACYCLEON,  Charlatan. 
ANACYCLUS    OFFICINARUM,  see  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum  —  a.  Pyrethrum,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum. 

ANADESMUS,  Fascia. 

ANADIPLO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again/  and  <5i7tAocd, 
'I  double.'  Epanadiplo'sis,  Epanulep'sis,  Bedu- 
plica'tio.  The  redoubling  which  occurs  in  a 
paroxysm  of  an  intermittent,  when  its  type  is 
double. — Galen,  Alexander  of  Tralles. 
ANADORA,  Ecdora. 

ANAD'OSIS,  from  ava<5i<5w«i,  'I  give  up/ 
Purgation  upwards,  as  by  vomiting.  Congestion 
of  blood  towards  the  upper  parts  of  the  body. 
Anadosis  seems  also  to  have  occasionally  meant 
chylification,  whilst  diadosis  meant  capillary  nu- 
trition,— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

ANAD'ROME,  from  ava,  'upwards/ and  hptfuo, 
'  I  run.'  The  transport  of  a  humour  or  pain  from 
a  lower  to  an  upper  part. — Hippocrates.  Also, 
the  globus  hystericus.     See  Angone. 

ANjEDGT'US,  from  av,  privative,  and  aiooia, 
'organs  of  generation.'  A  monster  devoid  of 
sexual  organs. 

ANiEMATOPOE'SIS,  from  a,  av,  privative, 
'aifia,  'blood/  and  itoieu),  'I  make.'  Impeded  or 
obstructed  hajmatosis. 

ANiEMATO'SIS,  Anhasmato'sis.  from  a,  av, 
privative,  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  Defective  haoma- 
tosis  or  preparation  of  the  blood.     Anaemia. 

ANiE'MIA,  Exce'mia,  Ance'masis,  Anhce'mia, 
AnhcBinato'sis,  Polyanhce'mia,  Ancsmo'sis,  Olige- 
mia, Oligohoe'mia,  HypcB'mia,  Hydroa^'min,  Hy- 
dremia, Ane'mia,  (F.)  Anemie,  Anhemic,  Anhe- 
matosie,Polyanhemie,  Hydrohemie,  Exsaiiguin' ity, 
Blood' lessness :  from  a,  priv.,  and  'ai/.ia,  'blood.' 
Privation  of  blood  ; — the  opposite  to  plethora.  It 
is  characterized  by  every  sign  of  debility.  Also, 
diminished  quantity  of  fluids  in  the  capillary  ves- 
sels : — the  opposite  to  Hyperemia. — The  essential 
character  of  the  blood  in  anaemia  is  diminution 
in  the  ratio  of  red  corpuscles. 

ANjE'MIC,  Anem'ic,  Ance'micus ;  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  or  relating  to  anaemia,  —  as 
an  "ancemic  person."     See  Exsanguious. 

AN^MOCH'ROUS,from  a,  av,  privative,  'aipa, 
'  blood/  and  XP0U>  '  colour.'  Devoid  of  colour, 
pale. 

AN.EMOSIS,  Anaemia. 

ANJEMOT'ROPHY,  AnamotropVia  :  from  av, 
privative,  *aiu«,  '  blood/  and  rpoipo,  '  nourish- 
ment.' A  deficiency  of  sanguineous  nourishment. 
— Prout. 

ANJEMYDRTA,  Anhydraemia. 
ANiESTHE'SIA,  Ancesthe'sis,  Insensibil'itas, 
Analge'sia,  Parap  sis  expers,  (F.)  Anesthesie ; 
from  a,  privative,  and  aioduvoftai,  '  I  feel.'  Pri- 
vation of  sensation,  and  especially  of  that  of 
touch,  according  to  some.  It  may  be  general  or 
partial,  and  is  almost  always  symptomatic. 

Anaesthesia  Gustatoria,  Ageustia —  a.  Lin- 
guae, Ageustia — a.  Olfactoria,  Anosmia — a.  Optic, 
Amaurosis. 

AN^ESTHESIS,  Anaesthesia. 
ANiESTHET'IC,    Anesthet'ic,    Ancesthet'icuB, 


ANESTHETIZATION 


57 


ANATXOE 


(F.)  Anesthetigue  ;  same  etymon,  as  Ana>*thenia. 
Relating  tu  privation  of  feeling,  as  an  "  anaethetit 
agent;"  one  thai  prevents  feeling.  The  term  is. 
now,  almost  restricted  to  agents,  which  produce 
such  effect  by  being  received  into  the  Inngs  in 
the  form  of  vapours  or  gases,  ami  passing  with 
the  blood  to  the  nervous  centres  on  which  their 
action  is  exerted.  Perhaps,  as  a  general  rule, 
the  intellectual  faculties  first  feel  their  influence, 
— a  soil  of  intoxication  supervening,  with  imper- 
fect power  of  regulating  the  movements:  the 
sensory  ganglia  become  afterwards  or  simulta- 
neously affected,  sensation  and  motion  are 
suspended,  and  ultimately,  if  the  quantity  in- 
haled be  sufficient,  the  medulla  oblongata  has  its 
actions  suspended  or  destroyed,  respiration  ceases, 
and  death  is  the  consequence.  Difl'erent  agents 
have  been  used  as  anaesthetics  by  way  of  inhala- 
tion—  sulphuric  ether,  chloroform,  chloric  ether, 
compound  ether,  ohlorohydrio  and  nitric  ethers, 
hisulphuret  of  carbon,  chloride  of  olefiant  gas, 
benxin,  aldehyde,  light  coal-tar  naphtha,  Ac; 
but  the  iir.-t  four  are  alone  employed.  They  have 
been,  and  are,  greatly  used  in  serious  surgical 
operations,  and  during  parturition;  and  in  such 
is  well  as  in  many  diseases,  especially  of  a 
painful  nature,  produce  the  most  beneficial  results. 

AN  .EST  1 1  BT I Z  A'TION.  ( F. )  Anesthitieation  : 
same  etymon.  The  condition  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem induced  by  anaesthetics. 

ANAGAL'LIS,  from  ava,  and  yaXa,  'milk/ 
from  its  power  of  Coagulating  milk.  A.  arven'uis 
A.  I'h'i  nic"ea,  Red  Pim'pernel,  Scarlet  Pimper- 
nel, Skepherd'e  Sun-dial.  Nat.  Ord.  Primulacea?. 
8*  t.  Sj/et.  Pentandria  Bfonogynia.  (F.)  Mouron 
rouge.  A  common  European  plant;  a  reputed 
antispasmodic  and  stomachic. 

Another  species — Anagal'lit  c&ru'lea  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  above. 

An  w;  u.i. is  Aquatica,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

ANAGARGALICTON,  Gargarism. 

AN  \  ■ ;  ARGARISMUS,  Gargarism, 

ANAGARGARISTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGLTPHE,  Calamus  scriptorius. 

ANAGNOSTAKIS,  see  Ophthalmoscope. 

ANAGOGE,  Anabole,  Rejection. 

AN  LGB  \PIIE.  Prescription. 

ANAG'YRIS,  Anag'yrie  fce'tida,  Anag'yrus, 
Ar'npnn.  Stinking  Bean  Trefoil.  (F.)  Anagyre, 
from  mrayu,  '  I  lead  upwards'  [  ?  ].  Native  of  Italy. 
The  leaves  are  powerfully  purgative.  The  juice 
is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  the  seeds  emetic. — Di- 
osoorides,  Panlns. 

ANAGYRU8,  Anagyris. 

ANAL.  Ana' lie.  That  which  refers  to  the 
anus  : — as  Anal  region,  Ac. 

ANAIi'DIA,  (P.)  Analdie;  from  a,  av,  priva- 
tive, and  mXStiv,  '  to  grow.'    Defective  nutrition. 

ANALEM8IA,  Analepsia. 

ANALENTIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'eis,  Analen'tia,  Ann- 
lent'eia,  from  ava,  'fresh,'  and  Xa^iiavtiv ..  (future 
Xri^ou'ii.)  'to  take.'  Restoration  to  strength  after 
den.  A  kind  of  sympathetic  epilepsy, 
originating  from  gastric  disorder.  See  Epilepsy. 
.  the  support  given  to  a  fractured  extre- 
mity :  —  Appen'tio.  —  Hippocrates. 

AN  UJ'.l'SIS.  Convalescence,  Restauratio. 

A  N  A  L  E  P'T  I C  A,  Anapeye'tiea,  PeyeMot'iea, 

Re/ecti'va,   Reficien'tia,    Reetanran'tia,    Analep'- 

tame    etymon.       Reetorative    medicines    or 

food  :  such  U  are  adapted  to  recruit  the  strength 

during  convalescence;  —  as  sago,  salep,  tapioca, 

jelly,  Ac. 
Avalkptig  Pills.  .Iamcs's,  consist  of  Juste*' j 

Poir.th ,-,  (iiiiii  Ammoniaeum,  and  I'ilU  of  Alote 
and  Myrrh,  equal  parts,  with  Tinetur*  of  Cantor, 
sufficient  to  form  a  mass. 


ANALGE'SIA,  Analgia,  from  a,  av,  priv.,  and 
aXyos,  'pain.'  Absence  of  pain  both  in  health 
and  disease.      See  Amvsthesia. 

ANALGIA,  Analgesia. 

AN'ALGGUH,  Anal'oow*;  from  ava,  'again/ 
and  Xvyoi.  'a  description.'  A  part  in  one  orga- 
nized being  which  has  the  same  function  as  an- 
other part  in  another  organized  being. 

A  N  A  U  K30US   T  [88U  BS,  see  Tissues. 

ANA  I, ns  is.  Atrophy. 

ANALTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANALTHES,  Incurable. 

AN  AM  I KT  A  COCCULC  s.  Menispermnm  coo- 

''  cuius — a.  Peniculata,  Menispermnm  COCOUhu. 

ANAMNES'TIO,  Anamnet,tienmt  from  ava, 
'again,'  and  iu/jvijcko),  '  I  remember.'  A  medi- 
cine for  improving  the  memory.  See,  also,  Com- 
memorative. 

ANANAS,  Bromelia ananas — a.  Aculeata,  Bro- 
melia  ananas — a.  Americana,  Bromelia  pinguin 
—  a.  Ovata,  Bromelia  ananas  —  Wild,  broad- 
leaved,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

ANANAZIP'TA.  A  word  formerly  scrawled 
on  amulets  to  charm  away  disease. 

ANANDKI'A,  from  «,  ui\  privative,  and  avvp, 
'a  man.'  Want  of  manliness.  Impotence  in  the 
male.      The  state  and  act,  of  emasculation. 

ANANEO'SIS,  Renova'tio }  from  ava,  ' 'again,' 
and  veos,  'new.'  Renovation  or  renewal. — as  of 
the  blood  by  the  chyliferous  vessels  and  lym- 
phatics. 

ANAPETI'A,  Expan'sio  mea'tunm,  from  ava, 
and  neraoi,  *  I  dilate.'  A  state  opposite  to  the 
closure  of  vessels. — Galen. 

ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,Anaj3AaZanfo/ma,fTom 
ava<pa\avTitis,  '  bald.'  Loss  of  the  hair  of  the  eye- 
brows.    Also,  baldness  in  general. 

ANAPHALANTOMA,  Anaphalantiasis. 

ANAPHE,  Anaphia. 

ANAPH'IA,  Anhaph'ia,  An'apkS,  from  a,  av, 
priv.,  and  'atj>ri,  'touch.'  Diminution  or  privation 
of  the  sense  of  touch. 

ANAPHLASMUS,  Masturbation. 

ANAPHONE'SIS,  from  ava,  *  high.'  and  tpiovrj, 
'voice.'  Exercise  of  the  voice  :  vociferation:  — 
the  act  of  crving  out.      Vociferu'tio,  Clamor. 

ANAPHORA.  Anabole. 

ANAPHRODIS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  A0po- 
AiTT),  '  Y enus,'  Defec't us  Vcn'eris.  Absence  of  the 
venereal  appetite.  Sometimes  used  for  Impotence 
and  Sterility. 

ANAPHRODISIAC,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANAPUROMELI,  Mel  despumatum. 

ANAP'LASIS,  Anaplatm'tu,  from  avazXacau), 
'  I  restore.'  Confirma'tio,  Repo»i"tio.  Restora- 
tion. Union  or  consolidation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANAPLASMATIO,  Anaplastic. 

ANAPLASMUS,  An  aplasia. 

ANAPLAS'TIC,  Anaplae'ticue ;  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  art  of  restoring  lost 
parts  or  the  normal  shape. — as  'Anaplastic  Sur- 
gery.' See  Morioplastiee.  Also  an  agent,  that 
increases  the  amount  of  plastic  matter — fibrill- 
in the  blood;   Anaplaemat'ie. 

ANAPLERO'SIS,  from  avazXrjpou),  (ava.  and 
nXjjpow,)  '  I  fill  up.'  Repletion.  That  part  of 
surgical  therapeutics  whose  object  is  t<>  supply 
parts  that  are  wanting.  Also,  Appoeition  or 
Proeifn 

ANAPLEROTICU8,  Incarnans. 

ANAPLEU'SIS,  Fluetua'tio,  Fnnata'tio,  from 

avaxXciv,  (ava  and  jrAea)),  '  to  swim  above.'  The 
looseness  or  Shaking  of  an  exfoliated  bone  ;  or  of 
a  carious  or  other  tooth,  Ac. — Hippocrates, 
Paulus. 

AN  iPLOSIS,  Growth. 

AN  kPNEU8IS,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOE,  Respiration. 


ANAPNOENUSI 


58 


ANATOMY 


AXAPXOEXU'SI,  from  anapnoe,  'respira- 
tion.' and  vovaos,  disease.'  Diseases  of  the  re- 
Bpiratory  organs. 

ANAPNOMETER,  Spirometer. 

AN  A  POD  LS  IS   UTERI.  Retroversio  Uteri. 

ANAPODISMUS   UTERI.  Retroversio  Uteri. 

AXAPODOPHYLLUM  CAXADEXSE,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. 

AXAP'OSIS,  Am'posis,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
r.oais,  'drink.'  A  recession  of  humours  from  the 
circumference  to  the  centre  of  the  body. — Hippo- 
crate?. 

AXAPSE,  Auailte. 

AXAPSIA.  Caecitas. 

AXAPSYCTICA.  Analeptiea, 

AXAPTYS1S.  Expectoration. 

ANAPTYXIS,  Growth. 

AXARCOTIXA.  Xarcodne. 

AXARRHEGXU'MIXA.  from  avappvyvvpu,  'I 
break  out  again.'  Fractures  are  so  called  when 
they  become  disunited;  as  well  as  ulcers  when 
they  break  out  afresh. 

AXARRHI'XOX,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
piv,  '  the  nose.'  That  which  returns  by  the  nose. 
— Gorra?us. 

According  to  others,  that  which  issues  by  the 
skin  :  from  ava.  and  pivog,  '  the  skin.' 

ANARRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

AXARRHOZ'A.  Anar'  rho'e,Anarrh<>'  pia,  Anas' - 
tasia,  from  ava,  '  upwards,'  and  pzu>,  'I  flow.  Af- 
flux of  fluid  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 

AXARRHOPIIE.  Absorption. 

A  X  A  R  R  II  U  P  H  E  X  U'S  I,  from  anarrhophe, 
1  absorption,'  and  vovoos,  '  disease.'  Diseases  of 
the  absorbents. 

AXARRHOPHESIS.  Absorption. 

AXARRHOPIA,  Anarrhoea. 

AXAR'THRUS,  from  av,  priv.  and  apSpov,  'a 
joint.'  Without  a  joint.  One  who  is  so  fat  that 
his  joints  are  scarcely  perceptible. — Hippocrates. 

ANASAR'CA,  from  ava,  '  through,'  and  oap$, 
aapKos.  'the  flesh.'  Anasnrch'a,  Catasar'en, 
Aqua  intercua  seu  inter  cutem,  Hyposar'ca,  Hy- 
drops cellula' ris  tot i' us  cor'poris,  H.  Anasar- 
ca seu  inter' cua  seu  subcuta' neus  seu  cellulo'sns  seu 
cut'i' neus  seu  tela?  cellulo'scB,  Katasar'ca,  Episar- 
cid'ium,  Hy'deros,  Hydaton'cus,  Hyderon'cus, 
My d ran' city,  Hydrosar'ea.  Hydroder' ma,  Hydrop'  - 
isis  vera,  Sar' cites,  Polyfym'phia,  Hyposarcid' ins, 
Leucophlegma'tia,  General  dropsy,  Dropsy  of  the 
cellular  membrane,  (F.)  Anasurque.  Commonly, 
it  begins  to  manifest  itself  by  swelling  around  the 
ankles:  and  is  characterized  by  tumefaction  of 
the  limbs  and  of  the  soft  parts  covering  the  ab- 
domen, thorax,  and  even  the  face,  with  paleness 
and  dryness  of  the  skin,  and  pitting  when  any 
of  these  (especially  the  ankles)  are  pressed  upon. 
Like  dropsy  in  general,  Anasarca  ma}'  be  active 
or  passive  ;  and  its  treatment  must  be  regulated 
by  the  rules  that  are  applicable  to  general  dropsy. 
At  times,  the  symptoms  are  of  an  acute  character, 
and  the  effusion  sudden,  constituting  Derma- 
toch'ysis,  Hydroj)*  Anasar'ca  acu'tus,  CEde'ma 
cal'idum,  (E.  acu'tum,  (E./ebri'le  of  some.  See 
Hydrops. 

Anasarca  Hystericus-,  Anathymiasis  —  a. 
Pulmonum  Hydropneumonia,  OZdema  of  the 
Lun^  —  a.  Serosa,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

AXASARCIIA.  Anasarca. 

ANASA  A' QUE,  Anasarca. 

AX  AS  ISM  US,  Concussion. 

AXASPADIA,  see  Anaspadiseus. 

AXASPA'DIAS,  Epispa'dias,  from  ava,  'up- 
wards,' and  aKau),  '  I  draw.'     One  whose  urethra 
opens  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  penis. 
AXASPADISIS.  see  AnaspadiaMis. 

AXASPAD  ISM  US.  see  Anaspadiams. 

AXAS'PASIS.  Ana  spasm' us.  from  avaa-aw,  'I 
contract.'    Eetrac'tio.    Contraction,  especially  of 


the  bowels.     The  condition  is  called  Anaspa'd in, 
An"-}>ad'isis,  and  Anaspadis'mus. — Hippocrates. 

ANASPASMUS,  Anaspasis. 

AXASSA.  Bromelia  ananas. 

AXASTALTICA,  Styptics. 

AXASTASIS,  Anarrhoea.  Also,  restoration 
from  sickness.     Convalescence. 

AXASTCECHEIO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
GToi%tiov,  'element.'  Peelernenta'tio.  Resolu- 
tion of  a  body  or  its  parts  into  their  elements. — 
Galen. 

AXASTOMO'SIS,  from  ava,  'with,'  and  cropm, 
'a  mouth.'  Inosada'tio  seu  Reu'nio  vaso'rnm, 
Exanastomo'sis,  Concur'sus,  (F.)  Abouchement, 
Communication  between  two  vessels.  By  con- 
sidering the  nerves  to  be  channels,  in  which  a 
nervous  fluid  circulates,  their  communication  like- 
wise has  been  called  Anastomosis.  By  means  of 
anastomoses,  if  the  course  of  a  fluid  be  arrested 
in  one  vessel,  it  can  proceed  along  others. 

Anastomosis  Aneurism atic a.  Telangiectasia 
— a,  Jacobson's,  see  Petrosal  ganglion. 

AXASTOMOTTC,  Anastomot'icus,  (F.)  Anan- 
tomotique.  Same  etymon  as  anastomosis.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  anastomosis. 

AS ASTOXOTICS,  Anastomot'ica.  Same  ety- 
mon. Certain  medicines  were  formerly  so  called, 
which  were  believed  to  be  capable  of  opening  tho 
mouths  of  vessels,  as  asperients,  diuretics,  etc. 

AXASTOMOTTCUS  MAGNUS  (RAMUS), 
(F.)  Artere  collaterale  interne,  A.  collaterale  du 
coude,  is  a  branch  of  the  brachial  artery,  which 
comes  off  a  little  above  the  elbow,  and  bestows 
branches  to  the  brachialis  internus,  to  the  under 
edge  of  the  triceps,  and  to  the  muscles,  ligaments, 
etc,  about  the  elbow  joint.  See,  also,  Articular 
arteries  of  the  knee. 

AXASTROPHE  UTERI,  Inversio  uteri. 

AX  AT  AS  TS.  Extension. 

AXATHEMA.  Tabula  votiva. 

ANATHERIUM  MURICATUM,  Andropogon 
muricatus. 

AXATHOMIA.  Anatomy. 

ANATHYMIAMA,  Amuhvuiiasis. 

AXATHYMI'ASIS,  Anathymiama,  from  svc, 
'upwards,' and  Bvpta,-  'fumigation.'  (Ede'ma  fu~ 
gax,  (Ede'ma  spas'ticum,  (Ede'ma  hyster'icum, 
Anasar'ca  hyster'icum.  An  uncertain  and  tran- 
sient swelling  or  inflation,  said  to  have  been  ob- 
served at  times  in  nervous  and  hysterical  per- 
sons. It  also  means  Exhalation,  Fumigation,  and 
Hypochondriasis. 

AXATOLE  UNGUIUM,  see  Xail. 

AXATOME,  Anatomy  —  a.  Animata,  Physio- 
logy. 

AXATOMIA,  Anatomy — a.  Animalis,  Zootomy 
— a.  Comparata,  Zootomy — a.  Comparativa,  Zo- 
otomy— a.  Viva.  Physiology. 

AXATOJIIE,  Anatomy — a.  Chirurgicale,  see 
Anatomy — a.  des  Regions,  see  Anatomy. 

AXAT'OMISM,  Anatomism' us.     Same  etymon 
|  as  Anatomy.     The  doctrine   of  those  who   look 
into  the  arrangement  of  parts,  to  explain  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  organism. 

AXAT'OMIST,  Anatom'icu8.     One  who  occu- 
1  pies  himself  with  anatomy.     One  versed  in  ana- 
tomy. 

AXAT'OMY,  Anat'ome,  Anatom'ia,A?iathom'ia, 
Prosec'tio,  from  ava,  and  rtpvttv,  'to  cut,'  (F.) 
Anatomic  The  word  Anatomy  properly  signifies 
dissection ;  but  it  has  been  appropriated  to  the 
1  study  and  knowledge  of  the  number,  shape, 
situation,  structure,  and  connection — in  a  w<>H, 
of  all  the  apparent  properties  of  organized  bodies. 
Anatomy  is  the  science  of  organization.  Some 
have  given  the  term  a  still  more  extended  accep- 
tation, applying  it  to  every  mechanical  decom- 
position, even  of  inorganic  bodies.  Thus,  Crys- 
|  tallography    has    been   termed    the  Anatomy   of 


ANATON 


59 


AXCUBITUS 


crystallized  minerals.  Anatomy  has  also  been 
called  MorphoVogy,  Somatology,  Somatotomy, 
Organology,  etc.  It  assumes  different  names, 
according  as  the  study  is  confined  to  one  organ- 

Lng,   or   to  a   species    or   class   of  beings.  | 
Thus,  Androt'omy,  or  Anthropotomy,  or  Anthro 
pog'raphy,  or  AuthropoeomatoVoay,  is  the  Ana- 
Sfan;  Zootomy,  that  of  the  other  Bpeoies 
of  the  animal  kingdom:  and  Veterinary  Anat- 
omy is    the    anatomy   of  domestic    animals;    but 
when   the  word   is  used   abstractly,  it  means  //</- 
man    Anatomy,    and    particularly    the    study    of 
the  organs   in  a  physiological  or  healthy  state. 
Phy*iolog"ical  Anatomy  is  occasionally  used  to 
signify   the   kind   of  anatomy  which   investigates 
structure  with  a  special   view  to  function.     The 
Anatomy  of  the   diseased   human   body   is  called 
Patholog"ical  or  Morbid  Anatomy,  and  when  ap- 
plied to  Medical  Jurisprudence,  For  en' tic  Anat- 
omy.    Several  of  the  organs   possessing  a  simi- 
larity of  structure,  and  being  formed  of  the  same 
tissues,  they  have  been  grouped  into  Systems  or 
Genera  of  Organs:  and  the  study  of,  or  acquaint- 
ance with,  such  systems,  baa  been  called  0*  neral 
Anatomy,  Hittol'ogy,  or  Morphot'omy,  whilst  the 
stii'ly  of  each  organ  in  particular  has  been  termed 
Detcriptivt  Anatomy,  Anthropomorphol'ogy.    Hit- 
is,    however,  more   frequently    applied   to 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Tittuet,  which  is  called,  also, 
Tex'tural    and    Microacop'ic   Anatomy,  Micrano- 
tom'ia,  see  Histology.     Descriptive  Anatomy  has 
been   divided  into  Skeletol'ogy,  which  comprises 
Ottcol'ogy  and  Syndetmol'ogy  j  and  into  Sareol'- 
ogy,  which  is  subdivided  into  Myol'ogy,  NeuroV- 
ogy,  Angiol'ogy,  Adenol'ogy,  Splanchnology,  and 
1>.  rmol'ogy.  Sur'gical  Anatomy, Medico-Chirnrgi- 
col  Anatomy,  Topograph1 'ical  Anatomy,  Rc'gional 
Anatomy,  (F.)  Anatomic  Ghirurgicale,  A.  dee  J!t:- 
giont,  is  the  particular  and  relative  study  of  the 
bones,  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  £tc,  with  which 
it  is  indispensable  to  be  acquainted  before  per- 
forming  operations.      Comparative   Anat'omy   is 
the  comparative  study  of  each  organ,  with  a  view 
to  an  acquaintance  with  the  modifications  of  its 
structure  in  different  animals  or  in  the  different 
-  ofanimals.    Transcendent' al  or  Philocoph'- 
ical  Anatomy  inquires   into   the    mode,  plan,  or 
model  upon   which  the  animal  frame  or  organs 
arc  formed :  and  Artifi'cial  Anat'omy  is  the  art 
of  modelling  and   representing,  in  wax   or  other 
substance,  the  different  organs  or  different  parts 
of  the  human  body,  in  the  sound  or  diseased  state. 
Phytotomy   is   the   anatomy  of  vegetables,  and 
Picto'rial   Anatomy,   anatomy   artistically   illus- 
trated. 

Anatomy,  see  Skeleton — a.  Artificial,  see  Ana- 
tomy— a.  Comparative,  see  Anatomy,  Zootomy — 
a.  Descriptive,   see  Anatomy  —  a.  Forensic,   see 
Anatomy — a.  General,  see  Anatomy — a.  Human, 
Bee  Anatomy — a.  of  Man,   see  Anatomy — a.  Me- 
dico-Chirurgical,   see  Anatomy — a.  Microscopic, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Morbid,  see  Anatomy — a.  Path- 
ological, see  Anatomy — a.  Pathological,  micros- 
eopic,  see  Histology — a.  Philosophical,  see  Ana- 
tomy— a.  Physiological,   see  Anatomy — a.  Picto- 
rial, see  Anatomy — a.  Practical,  see  Dissection — 
a.  Regional,  see  Anatomy — a.  Surgical,  see  Ana- 
tomy— a.  Textural,   see   Anatomy — a.    Topogra- 
phical,   see   Anatomy  —  a.    Transcendental,    see 
Anatomy — a.  Veterinary,  see  Anatomy. 
ANATON,  Boda. 
AN  \  rREPSI8,  Restauratio. 
AN"  \  rRESIS,  Perforation,  Trepanning. 
A.\  ITRIBE,  Friction. 
ANATRIPSIS,  Friction. 
ANATRIP80I/0GY,    Anatriptolog"ia,   Ana- 
triptolog"ia,  from  ai  irpufif,  'friction,'  and  Xoyoi, 
'a  discourse.'     A    treatise    on  friction   as   a  re- 
medy. 


AXATRIPTOLOGIA,  Anatripsology. 
A  N  A  T  R  0  X  ,_X  a  t r u  m,  Soda. 
AXAT'ROPE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  rptiru, 
'I    turn.'      Subversion.      A  turning  or  subver- 
sion  or  inverted  action  of  the  stomach,  charac- 
terized by   nausea,   vomiting,   etc.  —  Galen.      Wo 
still  speak  of  the  stomach  turning  against  any 
thing. 
ANAUDIA,  Catalepsy,  Mutitas. 
AN  AX  YK  IS.  Rumez  acetosa. 
ANAZESI8,  Ebullition. 
ANAZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 
ANC1IA.  Haunch. 
ANCHILOPS,  yEgilops. 
ANCHONE,  Angone. 
AXCHORALIS  PROCESSUS.  Coracoid. 
ANCHUSA    ANGUSTIFOLIA,  A.   Officinalis 
— a.  Inoarnata,  A.  Officinalis — a.  Lyoopsoides,  A. 
Officinalis. 

Anciu'sa  Officinalis,  A.  Anguatifo'Ha  scu 
Tncarna'ta  seu  Lycoptoi'dee,  Alca'na,  Li  nana 
Bavin.  Buglot'sum  tylvet'tri,  Oj)h-"inal  or  Garden 
Al'kanet  or  Bnglots,  (Old  Eng  )  Langdebe/j  Ord. 
Boraginesa.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Pcntandria  Monogynia. 
(F.)  Bugloee.  A  native  of  Great  Britain.  The 
herb  was  formerly  esteemed  as  a  cordial  in  me- 
lancholia and  hypochondriasis;  but  it  is  now 
rarely  used.  It  is  also  called  Buglot'ea,  Bugfo*'- 
siun  anguetifo'lium  majus,  B.  vulya're  majus,  B. 
nut  i'  nun. 

ANCHU'SA  TlNCTO'RIA,  Alcnn'na  spn'ria,  Dyers 
Bug/o88,  Ane'binm,    Buglae'sum    Tineto'mm,    Li- 
thosper'mum    villo'xum,  Dyer's  Al'kanet,   (F.)  Or- 
canette.     A  European  plant.     The  medical  pro- 
perties are  equivocal.     It  is  used  to  give  a  beau- 
tiful red  colour  to  ointments. 
ANCHYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 
AXCISTROX,  Hamulus. 
AXCLE.  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 
AXCLER,  Malleolus. 
AXCLET,  Malleolus. 
ANCLIFP,  Malleolus. 
ANCLOWE,  Malleolus. 
AX  CO  LIE,  Aquilcgia  vulgaris. 
AXCOX,  Elbow,  Olecranon. 
AXCOXAD,  see  Anconal  Aspect. 
AXCOXAGRA,  Pechyagra. 
AXCO'XAL,  from  ayKuv,  'the  elbow.'     Rela- 
ting, or  appertaining  to  the  elbow  or  the  olecranon. 
Anconal  Aspect.    An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ancon  or  elbow  is  situated. — Bar- 
clay.    Aneo'nad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  ad- 
verbially, to  signify  'towards  the  anconal  aspect.' 
ANCON&,  Anconeus. 

AXCOXE'US,  from  «y*wv,  'the  elbow.'  A  term 
once  applied  to  every  muscle  attached  to  the  ole- 
cranon. Winslow  distinguished  four — the  greatt 
external,  internal,  and  small;  the  first  three  being 
portions  of  the  same  muscle,  the  tricejts  brachia- 
ls. The  last  has,  alone,  retained  the  name.  It 
is  the  Ancone'ns  minor  of  Winslow,  the  Aneont  '«* 
seu  Cnbita'li9  Riola'ni  of  Douglas,  the  Epicon- 
dylo-Qubita'lis  of  Chaussier,  the  Brevit  Cu'biti, 
(F.)  Anrone.  and  is  situate  at  the  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  fore-arm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  posterior  edge  of  the  upper  third  of  the  ulna. 
Its  use  is  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 
Anconeus  Exterhds,  see  Triceps  extensor 
cubiti — a.  Interims,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— a.  Major,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

ANCTE'RES..  Fibula  or  Clan*  by  which 
the  lips  of  wounds  were  formerly  kept  together. 
— Celsus,  Galen. 

AXCT  BR]  A  8 M  US,  Infibulation. 
ANCU'BITUS,   Petri/ac'tio.     An  affection  of 
the  eye,  in  which  there  is  a  sensation  as  if  sand 
I  were  irritating  the  organ. 


AXCUXXUEXT.E 


60 


A  NE  M  0  XE  DES  BO  IS 


ANCUXXUEX'TJE.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  menstruating  females. 

ANCUS,  Aniens,  from  ay<wv,  'the  elbow.'  One 
who  cannot  extend  his  arms  completely. 

Also,  the  deformity  resulting  from  a  luxation 
of  the  humerus  or  fore-arm. — Hippocrates. 

AXCYLE.  Ankylosis. 

ANCYLOBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 

AXCYLO  CHE  ILIA,  Ankvlocheilia. 

ANCYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia. 

ANCYLOOORE,  Ankvlocore. 

AXCYLODERE,  Torticollis. 

ANCYLODERIS,  Torticollis. 

AXCYLODOXTIA,  Ankylodontia. 

ANCYLOGLOSSIA,  Ankvloglossia. 

AXCYLOMELE.  Ankvlomele. 

ANCYLOMERISMUS,  Ankylomerismus. 

AXCYLORRHIXIA,  Ankvlorrhinia. 

AXCYLOSTS.  Ankylosis. 

AXCYLOTIA.  Ankylotia. 

ANCYLOTOMUS,  Ankylotomus. 

ANCYRA,  Hook. 

AXCYROID  CAVITY.  Dieital  cavity. 

AXCYROIDES  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

AXD,  Breath. 

AXDA.     Xative   name   of  a  tree   of  Brazil —  ! 
Anda    Gotne'sii   seu   Brasilien'sis   seu    de  Pison,  j 
Andassu,   Anda-acu,  Joanne' sin  prince])s.      Ord. 
Euphorbiacea?.      Sex.  St/st.    Monoecia  Monadel- 
phia.     An  oil  —  Oil  of  Anda —  is  obtained  from 
the  seeds  by  pressure,  50  to  60  drops  of  which 
act  as   a  cathartic.     The   fruit  is   an   oval    nut,  I 
containing  two  seeds.     These  have  the  taste  of 
the   chestnut;    but   are    strongly   cathartic,   and 
even    emetic.     The    shell    is    astringent,   and   is 
used  as  such  in  diarrhoea,  etc. 

AXDE,  Breath. 

AXDELY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An- 
dely  is  in  France,  near  Gysore,  and  eight  leagues 
from  Rouen.  The  water  is  cold,  and  a  weak  cha- 
lybeate. It  is  used  in  chlorosis  and  abdominal 
obstructions. 

AXDERSOX'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  Aloes  et 
Jalapa?. 

AXDIRA  IBAI,  Geoftnea  Yermifuga— a.  In- 
ermis,  Geoffraea  inermis — a.  Racemosa,  Geoffraea 
inermis — a.  Surinamensis,  Geoffraea  Surinamen- 
sis. 

AXDRACHAHARA.  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

AXDRACHXE,  Arbutus  unedo,  Portulaca. 

ANDRALOGOMELE,  from  avnp,  avSpos,  'a 
man/  a,  priv.,  \uyos,  'reason.'  and  pr)\ov,  'a  do- 
mestic animal.'  A  name  given  by  Malacarne  to 
a  monster  in  which  he  supposed  the  presence  of 
the  body  of  a  man  with  the  limbs  of  a  brute. 

AXDRAXATOM'IA,  Andrannt'ome,  Andro- 
tom'ia,  Androt'ome,  Anthropot'omy,  from  avnp, 
genitive  avtpos,  'a  man/  and  tejivuv,  'to  cut.' 
The  anatomy  of  man. 

AXDRI'A.     Adult  age.     Manhood. 

ANDRl'A  Mu'lier.  Midler  Hermaphrodit'ica. 
A  female  hermaphrodite. 

AXDR.OGEX'IA.from  avrjp.avSpog,  'a  man/ and 
yzvsois.  'generation.'  The  procreation  of  males. 
— Hippocrates. 

AXDROG"YXUS,  from  avvo,  avbpoq,  'a  man,' 
and  ywrj,  'a  woman.'  A  hermaphrodite.  An 
effeminate  person. — Hippocrates. 

AXDROLEPSIA,  Conception. 

AXDROMAXIA,  Xvmphomania. 
AXDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA.  Sorrel  Tree, 
Sour  Tree,  &»tr  Wood,  Elk  Tree,  Elk  Wood, 
Sorrel  Wood,  Sour  Leaf,  (F.)  Andromede,  Andro- 
medier.  A  small  indigenous  tree ;  Ord.  Erica- 
ceae. Sex.  Si/st.  Decandria  Monogynia ;  found  in 
the  Alleghany  mountains  and  the  hills  and  val- 
leys diverging  from  them,  as  far  as  the  southern 
limits  of  Georgia  and  Alabama;  but  seldom  north 
of  Virginia.    The  sour  leaves  are  refrigerent  and 


astringent,  and  have  been  used  to  make  a  kind 
of  lemonade,  which  has  been  given  in  fevers. 

ARDROMEDA  Maria'na,  Broad-leared  Moor- 
wort,  Kill-lamb,  Lamb  Killer,  Sta<j<j<  rbush.  A 
decoction  of  this  American  plant  is  said  to  have 
been  successfully  employed  as  a  wash,  in  a  dis- 
agreeable affection — not  uncommon  amongst  the 
slaves  in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States 
— called  the  Toe  Itch,  and  Ground  Itch. — Barton. 

Andromeda  Xit'ida,  Souricood,  Sorrel  tree, 
indigenous ;  has  properties  similar  to  those  of 
A.  arborea. 

ANDROPOGOX"  BICORXIS,  Junctus  odoratus 
— a.  Calamus  aromaticus,  see  Oleum  graminis  In- 
dici — a.  Citratus,  Junctus  odoratus — a.  Citriodo- 
rus,  Junctus  odoratus,  Xardus  Indica. 

Andropo'gon  Murica'tus,  (avnp,  avtipos,  'a 
man/  and  -rrwyiiiv,  'a  beard.')  A.  squarro'sus, 
Phal'aris  zizanoi'des,  Agros'tis  verticill a' ta.  Aaa- 
the'rum  murica'tum,  Vetive'ria  odora'ta,  Vittie- 
vnyr,  Cuscus.  Khns-Khus ;  Nat.  Ord.  Graminese. 
The  root  of  this  plant,  from  Bombay,  is  aromatic 
and  bitterish.  It  is  used  as  a  perfume.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

Andropogon  Xardus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus, 
Xardus  Indica — a.  Schoenanthus,  Junctus  odora- 
tus— a.  Squarrosus,  A.  Muricatus. 

AXDROSACE,  Umbilicus  marinus— a.  Mat- 
thioli,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

AXDROS^EMUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

AXDROTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

AXDRUM.  An  East  India  word,  latinized 
by  Kaempfer,  signifying  a  kind  of  elephantiasis 
of  the  scrotum,  endemic  in  southern  Asia. 

ANEANTISSEMENT  (F.),  Yir'ium  extiuc'- 
tio.  This  word  is  often  employed  hyperbolically, 
by  patients  in  France,  to  signify  excessive  fatigue, 
debility  or  syncope. 

AXEBIUM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

AXEBUS.  Impuber. 

AXECPYE'TUS,  from  av,  for  avtv,  'without/ 
and  wm,  'I  promote  suppuration.'  That  which 
does  not  suppurate,  or  is  not  likely  to  suppurate. 

AXEGER'TICA,  from  avtyeipw  (ava  and  tyeipw), 
'I  awaken/  The  art  of  resuscitating  the  appa- 
rently dead. 

AXEILE'MA,  Aneile'sis,  from  avti\et>  (ava  and 
cjAew),  '  I  roll  up/  Applied  particularly  to  the 
motion  of  air  in  the  intestines  and  the  tormina 
accompanying  it. — Hippocrates. 

AXEILESIS,  Aneilema. 

AXEMIA,  Anaemia. 

AXEMO'XE,  Wind  Flower:  from  avtfios,  'the 
wind/  because  it  does  not  open  its  flowers  until 
blown  upon  by  the  wind. 

ANEMONE  DES  BOIS,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Anemone  Collina,  A.  Pulsatilla — a.  Hepatica, 
Hepatica  triloba — a.  Intermedia,  A.  Pulsatilla. 

Anemone  Ludovictana,  A.  patens. 

Anemo'ne  Xemoro'sa,  Ranun'culus  a/bus  seu 
nemero'sus,  Wood  Anemo'uy,  (F.)  Anemone  dea 
bois.  Ord.  Ranunculaeeae.  The  herb  and  flowers 
are  poisonous,  acrid,  and  corrosive.  They  have 
been  used  as  rubefacients. 

Anemo'ne  Patens,  A.  Ludovicia'na,  Pulsatil- 
la patetis;  indigenous:  from  Illinois  and  Wis- 
consin to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  supposed  to 
possess  similar  properties. 

Anemo'ne  Praten'sis,  A.  Sylves'tris,  Pulsatil- 
la nigricans  seu  praten'sis.  This  plant  has  si- 
milar properties  with  the  last.  It  is  also  called 
Meadow  Anemony,  (F.)  Pulsatille  noire,  P.  des 
pres. 

Anemo'ne  Pulsatilla,  A.  Colli'na  seu  Inter- 
me'dia  seu  Praten'sis  seu  Rubra,  Pulsatilla 
vidgaris,  Herba  ventis,  Nola  culina'ria,  Pasqne 
flower,  (F.)  Coquelourde,  possesses  like  properties. 

Anemone  Rubra,  A.  Pratensis— a.  Rue-leaved, 


AXEMOXY 


61 


ANEURISM 


Pra- 


Thalietrum  anemonoides — a.  Sylvestris,  A 
tensis. 

ANEMONY,  Anemone  hepatiea  —  a.  Meadow, 
Anemone  pratensis — a.  Wood,  Anemone  neinorosa. 
ANEMOS,  Win .1. 

ANENCBPHALIA,  see  Aneneephalus. 
A  N  1  ■:  X  C  E 1'  1 1 A  L  0 II M '  M I A .  from  a  v,  privative, 
tyictfaXtt,  '  enoephalon,'  and  aipa,  '  blood.'     De- 
fect ut  blood  in  the  brain.     Syncope. 

ANENCEPH  ALONE  U'RIA,       Anencephalo- 
.  from  av,  priv.,   tyKt&alos,  '  encephalon,' 
and  vevpov,   '  nerve.'     Want  of  nervous  action  in 
the  enoephalon. 

AXEXCKPHALOTROPH'IA,  from  av,  priva- 
tive, tyesje&oc,  '  the  encephalon,' and  rpotprj,  'nou- 
rishment.'    Atrophy  of  the  encephalon. 

INCEPH'ALUS,  from  av,  privative,  and 
cyKt<^a\oi,    'brain.'     A    monster  devoid  of  brain. 
— Bonetus.  (i.  St.  Hilaire.     Also,  one  that  has  a 
part  only  of  the  brain; — Paraceph'alus.  The  con- 
dition has  been  called  AnencephaV ia.     A  weak, 
sill v  person. — Hippocrates. 
ANENERGESIA,  Debility. 
ANENERGIA,  Debility. 
A  XEX  TEE  OXER  VIE    SA  TCRXIXE,    see 
Palsy,  lead. 

ANEPISCHESIS,  Incontinentia, 
ANEPITH YM'IA,  from  a*,  priv.,  and  nitvuta, 
'desire.'     Many  nosologists  have  used  this  word 
for  a  loss  of  the  appetites,  as  of  those  of  hunger, 
thirst,  venery,  «tc. 

Aneimthymia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis. 
AXER.  aviip,  genitive  avtpos.     A  man. 
AXERKT  IIIS'IA.    Inirritabil'itas,    from    av, 
priv.,  and  spurns,  'irritability.'    Defect  of  irrita- 
bility.— Swedianr. 

ANER  V  ISM  IE,  Paralvsis. 
AXERYTIIROP'SIA,  from  av,  priv.,  tpvSpos, 
'red.'  and  in/as,  'vision.'    Defective  vision,  which 
consists  in  an  incapability  of  distinguishing  red. 
AXES  IS.  Remission. 
AXES  HIES  IE,  Anesthesia. 
AXES  T1LESIE  EXT  A  TIQ  UE.     The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  of  impaired  feeling  produced 
especially   by   the   manipulations  of  the   animal 
magnetizer. — Andral. 

ANESTfl  ETIC,  Anaesthetic. 
A XES THE'SIQ I'E,  Anesthetic. 
ANESTHETIZATION,  Anesthetization. 
ANESON,  Anethum. 
AXES  I'M.  Pimpinella  anisum. 
AXET.  Anethum. 
AXE'J'Jf,  Anethum  graveolens. 
ANE'THI *M,  Ane'son,  Ane'ton,  Ane'thum  Fce- 
nic'uhim   sen   Sege'tum  seu  Piperi'tum,  Foenic'u- 
lum,  F.  Dulci  seu  Officinale  seu  vubja're.  Ligus'- 
■  i  nic' iilum,  Fan'eulum,  Fennel  or  Finckle, 
Mar'athrum,  Anet,  Sweet  Fennel.  (Prov.)  Spingel, 
(F.)  Fenouil  on  Arm  doux.     Ord.  Umbellifere. 
Sex.  Syxt.  Pentandria  Digynia.     The  fruit,  Fce- 
nic'ulum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  an  aromatic  odour,  and 
warm,  sweetish  taste.    It  is  carminative.    The  oil 
— Oleum  Fatnicfuli — ib  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  pectoral  and  diuretic. 
Anethtm  Imenicii.um,  Anethum. 
Anethum  GraVKOLENS,  Anethum,  A.  horten'ae, 
Paetina'ca  Anethum  .-eu  Qraveolene,  Fer'ula  Ora- 
r,  hill,  (F.)  Am  ifi,  Fenouil  puant.     A  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.     The  seeds  are  sti- 
mulant  and   carminative.       A   distilled   water  — 
Aqua  ane'thi,  Dill-water — is  officinal  in  the  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias.     Dose,  gr. 
xv  to  3J. 

Oleum  Ane'thi,  Oil  of  DM.  (F.)  Huile  d'Aneth, 
posses-'-  the  carminative  properties  of  the  plant 
Ankthim  Pastiraca,  Pastinaca   Bativa  —  a. 
Piperitnm.  Anethum — a.  Segetum,  Anethum. 
ANETICUS,  Auodyue. 


AXETOX",  Anethum. 

ANETUS,  Intermittent  fever  —  a.  Quartanus, 
Quartan  —  a.  Quotidianus,  Quotidian  —  a.  Tertia- 
nue,  Tertian  fever. 

ANEUBAL'GICON,  from  a,  privative,  vcvpov, 
'nerve,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  A  name  given  by  L»r. 
C.  T.  Downing  to  an  instrument  used  by  him  to 
allay  pain  in  nerves.  It  is  a  kind  of  fumigating 
apparatus,  in  which  dried  narcotic  and  other 
herbs  are  burnt,  the  heated  vapour  being  directed 
to  any  part  of  the  body. 

ANEURIA,  Paralysis. 

AN'EURISM,  Aneurys' ma, Aneurys' mus,  Aneu- 
ris'ma,  Cetlma,  from  avtvpvvtiv,  (ava,  and  cvpvvrn,) 
'  to  dilate  or  distend.'  Dilata'tia  Arteria'rum, 
Ecta'sia,  Emburys' am,  Exangi'a  aneurWma,  Ar- 
terieurys'ma,  Artereurya'ma,  Ilautatoce'le  arte- 
rio'aa,  Absces'sus  spirituo'sua,  Arteriec'taaia,  (F.) 
Anevryame,  Aneuriame.  Properly,  Aneurism  sig- 
nifies a  tumour,  produced  by  the  dilatation  of  an 
artery  ;  but  it  has  been  extended  to  various  lesions 
of  arteries,  as  well  as  to  dilatations  of  the  heart. 

There  are  various  kinds  of  aneurism.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  chief: 

I.  When  the  blood,  which  forms  the  tumour,  is 
enclosed  within  the  dilated  coats  of  the  artery. 
This  is  the  true  Aneurism,  Aneurya'ma  verum, 

Hernia  Arteria'rum,  (F.)  Anevryame  vrai. 

II.  When  the  blood  has  escaped  from  tho 
opened  artery,  it  is  called  spurious  or  false 
Aneurism,  Aneuris'ma  apu'rium,  Ruptu'ru  Arte'- 
ricB,  Arteriorrhex'is,  Arteriodial'yaia,  Ecchytm/- 
ma  arterio'aum,  (F.)  Anevryame  faux.  The  latter 
is  divided  into  three  varieties  : 

1.  Diffused  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anevryame 
faux,  primitif,  diffua,noncirconscrit  ou  par  infil- 
tration, which  occurs  immediately  after  the  divi- 
sion or  rupture  of  an  artery,  and  consists  of  an 
extravasation  of  blood  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  part. 

2.  Circumscribed  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Aniv- 
rysme  faux  consecutif,  circonacrit  ou  par  ipanche- 
ment,  enkysteoxx.  aacciforme,  tumeur  hSmorrhagiale 
circonscritc,  in  which  the  blood  issues  from  the 
vessel  some  time  after  the  receipt  of  the  wound, 
and  forms  itself  a  sac  in  the  neighbouring  areolar 
membrane. 

3.  An'eurism  by  Anastomo'ais,  Yar'icose  or  Cir- 
coid  An'eurism,  Phlebarteriod ial' ysia,  Aneurys'- 
ma  veno'so-arterio'aum,  A.  varico'aum,  (F. )  Auev- 
rysmc  par  anastomose  ou  variuueux,  A.  pur  ero- 
sion, A.  de  Pott,  A.  dee  phi*  j,etitfx  artiree, which 
arises  from  the  simultaneous  wounding  of  an  ar- 
tery and  vein;  —  the  arterial  blood  passing  into 
the  vein,  and  producing  a  varicose  state  of  it. 

III.  Mixed  Aneurism,  (Y.)  Anevryame  mixte,  is 
that  which  arises  from  the  dilatation  of  one  or  two 
of  the  coats,  with  division  or  rupture  of  the  other. 
Some  authors  have  made  two  varieties  of  this: 

1.  .Mixed  external  Aneurism,  where  the  internal 
and  middle  coats  are  ruptured,  and  the  areolar  is 
dilated. 

2.  Mixed  internal  Aneurism,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal coat  is  dilated,  and  protrudes,  like  a  hernial 
sac,  through  the  ruptured  middle  and  outer  coats. 
This  variety  has  been  called  Aneurys' ma  ffer'niam 
Arte' rice  siatena. 

Aneurisms  have  been  termed  trauma tric  or  ex- 
o'j" ' i  none,  and  eponta'neoue, according  as  they  may 
have  been  caused  by  a  wound,  or  have  originated 
spontaneously.  The  latter,  when  originating  from 
lesions  of  the  inner  coats  of  arteries,  have  been 
termed  endoy"enoua.  They  have  also  been  di- 
vided into  internal  and  external. 

The  internal  aneuriama  are  situate  in  the  great 
splanchnic  cavities,  and  occur  in  the  heart  and 
great  vessels  of  the  chest,  abdomen,  <tc.  Their 
diagnosis  is  difficult,  and  they  are  often  inacces- 
sible to  surgical  treatment. 


ANEURISMA 


62 


AXGEIOPLANIA 


The  external  aneurisms  are  situate  at  the  exte- 
rior of  the  head,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
combated  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat. 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  laminae  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Aneurisms  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'chi,  Car- 
dieurys'ma,  (F.)  Anevrysmes  du  co?ur,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
commonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Hypertrophy 
of  the  heart  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  aneurism,  Cardiec'tasis,  on  the  contrary, 
is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  the  heart  are  the 
following : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  auscultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slight^  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The  im- 
pulse is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  are  widely 
transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not  much 
fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of  origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  Heart — Cardi- 
ec'tasis partialis,  Aneurys'ma  consecuti'vum  cor- 
dis— is  sometimes  seen  ;  rarel}-,  however. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  Heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  by  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor  —  a. 
Circoid,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Endogenous,  see 
Aneurism,  and  Endogenous  —  a.  Exogenous, 
see  Aneurism,  and  Exogenous  —  a.  External, 
see  Aneurism  —  a.  False,  see  Aneurism  —  a. 
False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  external, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism 
■ — a.  Spontaneous,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISMA,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurys'mal,  Aneurismat'ic, 
Aneurysmal icus,  Aneurisma'lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sac  or  Cyst,  (F.)  Sac  ou  Kyste 
anevrysmal,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  is  con- 
tained. 

AXEURISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

AXEURYSMA,  Aneurism — a.  Cordis  activum, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the  —  a.  Herniam  arterias 
sistens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurium,  see  Aneurism 
—  a.  Varicosum,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Venoso-arte- 
riosum,  see  Aneurism — a.  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

AXEURYSME,  Aneurism. 

AXEURYSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

AXEVRIA,  Paralysis. 


ANEYRYSME,  Aneurism  — a.  de  VAortc, 
Aorteurysma  —  a.  de  Pott,  see  Aneurism — a.  des 
plus  petitcs  Arteres,  see  Aneurism — a.  Circonsoit, 
see  Aneurism  —  a.  Diffus,  see  Aneuri?m — a.  En- 
hyste,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Faux,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Faux  consecutif  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixte,  see 
Aneurism — a.  })ar  Anastomose,  see  Aneurism — a. 
par  Epanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.  par  Erosion, 
see  Aneurism — a.  par  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Primitif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Sacciforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.  Vrai, 
see  Aneurism. 

AXEYS,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

AXFIOX,  Maslach.  ,      „ 

ANFRACTUOSITES  CEREBRALES,  An- 
fractuosities,  cerebral  —  a.  Ethmo'idalts,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

AXFRACTUOS'ITY,  Anfrac'tus,  Sulcus,  from 
am,  'around,'  and frungere,fractum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.     These 

Anfractuosities,  Cerebral,  Anfrac'tus  Cer'- 
ebri,  (F.)  Anfractuosites  Cerebrales,  are  always 
narrow,  and  deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
brain  than  at  its  base;  and  are  lined  by  a  pro- 
longation of  the  pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
fractuosites elhmo'idales. 

AXFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities, (cerebral.) 

AXGECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

AXGEIAL,  Vascular. 

AXGEIECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

AXGEIECTASIS,  Angiectasis. 

AXGEIECTOMA,  Angiectasis. 

AXGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angioy'raphy,  Angeio- 
graph'ia,  from  ayyeiov,  '&  vessel,'  and  ypacpn,  'a 
description.'     The  anatomv  of  the  vessels. 

AXGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'- 
raphy,  Angeiondrog' raphy,  Angeiohydroyrn' phia, 
Hydrangiograph'  ia,  from  ayyctov,  'a  vessel,'  'tulw/j, 
'water,'  and  ypa<po>,  'I  describe.'  A  treatise  on 
the  lvmphatics. 

ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrot'omy, 
Augeiondrot'  omy,  Angeiohydrotom'  ia,  Hydran- 
giotom'ia,  from  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel,'  'vSwp,  '  water,' 
and  reuveiv,  'to  cut.'  Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

AXGEIOLEUCI'TIS,  Angioleuci'tis,  ' Angio- 
lymphi'tis,  Lymphange'i'tis,  Lymphangi'tis,  Lym- 
phangio'i'tis,  Hydrange'i'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lymph a  - 
ti'tis,  Inflamma'tio  vaso'rum  lymphatico'rum,  from 
ayyeiov, '  a  vessel,'  Acvkoj,  '  white,'  and  itis,  inflam- 
mation. (F.)  Inflammation  des  vaisseaux  lympha- 
tiques  ou  des  tissus  blancs.  Inflammation  of  the 
lymphatics;  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflamma- 
tion. 

AXGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angeiolog"  ia, 
from  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ~Xoyos,  'a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  ArterioV ogy ,  Phlebol'ogy, 
and  Angeiohydrol'ogy. 

AXGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia,  from 
ayyeiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  paXaKia,  '  softening.'  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  vessels. 

AXGEIOMYCES,  Hsematodes  fungus. 

AXGEIOX,  Vessel. 

AXGEIOXDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

AXGEIOXDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

AXGEIOXOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

AXGEIOXUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

AXGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  Angeion'- 
ohus,  Angeionu'sus,  Angio'sis,  from  ayyeiov,  '  a 
vessel,'  and  xados,  'a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
vessels. 

AXGEIOPLA'XIAjAH^'o^rVni'a,  from  ayyctov, 


ANGEIOPLEROSIS 


6  3 


AN  G 1 N A 


'a  vessel,'  and  xXavn,  'error.'     Anomaly  in  the  | 
structure  ami  distribution  "I  v< 

ANGEIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 

ANGBI0P1  K A.  Synoeha. 

ANG  EIORRHAG  I  A.  Bsemorrhagia  ectiva. 

ANGBIORRHCE'A,  Angiorrhir'a,  (F.)  A*- 
geiorrktei  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  />tw,  'I 
U . ■  w . '     Passive  hemorrhage. 

ANGEIOSI8,  Angi 

EH  >STEG  NOBIS,  Angiemphrazia. 

ANG  1.1'  >S  rENOSIS,  Angiemphrazia. 

ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  Angioeto'tu  from  ayytiov, 
i    l  uonuiaii,  ' ossification.'     0* 

tiol)   Of   vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 
ANGEIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 
ANGEIOT'OMY,    Angiofomy,    Angeiotam'ia, 

from    ayytiov,    'a     v.  ~-cl,'   and    rtfutiv,    'to    cut.' 

Diaa  ction  ojf  vessels. 

ANGBI'TIS,  Angit'tit,  Angioi'tit,  Inflamma'- 
tt'u  vato'rum,    I  , from  ayyau.  'a  vessel, ' 

and  itts,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  vessel-  in  general. 

ANGEL-BREAD.  A  kind  of  purgative  cake, 
formerly  made  of  spurge.,  ginger,  ilour  and  oat- 
meal.—  llalli  well. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  lueida, 

ANGEL'ICA,  Angel'iea  ArehangeVica  sen 
Bitpa'na  sen  Sati'na,  ArchangeFica  offidna'lie, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Angiliqne,  Racine  de  Saint 
Eeprit,  Bo  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tu. -.  Qrd.  UmbellifersB.  Sex,  Syet.  Pentandria 
Digynia.  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots,  stalk. 
.  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carminative. 
A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  root,  which  is 
agreeable. 

Ahobuca  Abchazgbuca,  Angelica. 

Angelica  Atbopcbpu'bba,  Angelica  (Ph. 
Mast,  rwot  f.  An  indigenous  species, grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Am.:  ins.  Lkvisticim.  Ligustieum  levisticum. 

AhobLICA  Lu'crDA,  Angel' ie  root,  Bellyache 
root,  Nendo,  Whit*  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  bitterish,  subacrid,  fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic.  Also,  Ligustieum 
aetseifolium. 

Angki.ica  Nbzdo,  Ligustieum  actaeifolium. 

A\>.i:i.k'a  Officinalis,  [mperatoria — a.  Palu- 
dapifolia,  Ligustieum  levisticum — a.  Sativa,  An- 
gelica. A.  sylvestris. 

IZOBLIOA  Svi.vks'this.  A.  tati'va,  Seli'nvm 
Sgloee'tri  seu  Angel' ica  sen  Pubescent,  Impera- 
to'ria  Sylvee'trit  seu  Angelica,  Wild  Angel' ica, 
i  ]•'.  Angiliqne  tauvage.  Possesses  .similar  pro- 
perties  to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.    The 

s 1-.  powdered  and   put   into  the  hair,  are  used 

to  destroy  lice.    Also.  Ligustieum  podagraria. 

Am. i  i  [<   v  TBBB,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ANGELFN2E  CORTEX.  The  Lark  of  a 
Gl  >nada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic. 

ANOELTQUE,  Angelica— a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS,  Myrobalanos. 

ANGEMPHRAXIS,   Lngiemphraxis. 

ANQIAIRHYDRIE,  Asphyxia  by  submer- 
lion. 

ANQIARHEMIE,  Hsetno] 

ANGfARRHAGlE,  Haemoptysis. 

ANQ1BROMELMINTHIE,  '  Worms  (intes- 
tinal). 

ANGTCHOLOUTHE,  Calculi,  biliary. 

ANGIDIECTA81  \.  Triehangiectasia. 

ANGLDIOSPONfHS,  ILematudes  fungus. 


ANGIECTAS1  \  7EN08  \.  Variz. 

ANG  1  ECTAS18,  Angt  feel  i'mo,  At  g  ■  ta'ria, 
Angii  urge' ma,  Angeieeto'nia,  Angiodiat'tnaie,  from 
ayyeiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  txTuois,  '  dilatation.' Dila- 
tation of  vessels. —  Grift  and  AliberU  Bee 
Tt  langit  ctaiia. 

ANGIEMPHRAX'18,   Angemphrax'ie,  A 
oeteno'eie,  Angeioetegno'eie,  from  ayytiov,  'a   ves- 
sel,' and  tpjpa^ts,  'obstruction.'     Obstruction  of 

ANGIEURY8MA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitis. 
ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  Febri*  Angino'ea,  hthmi'tie,  Qiu'n- 
*y  or  Sore    Throat  ;    from    angere,    '  to    choke.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  pa- 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the   term  to  every  dis- 
ease in   which    deglutition    or  respiration,   sepa- 
rately or  united,  wa.-  effected,  provided  that  such 
affection  was   above  the  stomach  and    tut 
Boerhave  speaks  of  the  angina  of  the  moribund, 
which   is   nothing  more   than   the    dysphng 
difficult    deglutition    preceding  death.     See   Cy- 
nanche. 

AhOIZA  APBTHOSA,  Aphtha  —  a.  AqUOSB,  GCde- 
ma  of  the  glottis — a.  Lronchialis,  Bronchi! 
Canina,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Cordis,  Angina 
pectoris — a.  cum  Tumore,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris — 
a.  Epidemica,  Cynanche  maligns  —  a.  Epiglot- 
tidea,  Epiglottitis — a.  Erysipelatous,  Erythranche 
a.  Ezsudatoria,Cynancbe  trachealis — a.  Externa, 
Cynanche  parotidses  —  a.  Faueium,  1st hinit is — a. 
Fancium  Maligna,  Cynanche  maligns — a.  Folll- 
eulosa  of  the  pharynx.  Pharyngitis,  follicular — 
a.  Gangrenosa,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  llumida, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Inflammatoria,  Cynan- 
che, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Laryngea,  Laryn- 
gitis— a.  Laryngea  (Edematosa,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis — a.  Lingnaria,  Glossitis — a.  Maligna.  An- 
gina pellicularis,  Cynanche  maligna.  Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanche  parotidsea 
—  a.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Mitis,  Isthmitis. 

Anoi'na  Nasa'LIS,  Naai'tis  potti'ca.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Schnei- 
derian  membrane  lining  the  nose.  Also,  Cory/a. 
Amji'na  G\i>kmato'sa,  (F.)  Angine  adima- 
teuve,  QSdhne  de  /<<  <Hott< .  An  edematous  swell- 
ing of  the  glottis,  the  effect  of  chronic  cynanehe 
laryngea.     See  G*)dema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Hyperoitis — a.  Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia — a.  Parotidaja  Externa,  Cynan- 
che parotidsea, 

Anm'na  Pec'tokis,  A.  cordi*.  Sternal' gia, 
Anthma  tpattico-arihrit'icttm  incon'ttant,  Aethma 
diaphragntat'ieum,  Arthri'tia  diephragmatica, 
Orthopna'a  <<trd l'a<<t,  Sternodyn'ia  eyncop'tica 
et  pal'pitane,  S.  tyncopa'lie,  Curding' mu*  cordi* 
tinit'tri,  Attheni'a  pectora'lit,  Angor  pec'torii, 
Sh  noear'dia,  Diaphragmatic  gout,  Aethma  eon- 
mlxi' rum.  Asthma  arthriticnm,  Cardionenral'gia, 
A*«  ural'gin  brachiothorac"ica,  /////"  rasetht  '*"i 
plexue  eardi'aci,  A.  dolorifienm,  Syncopi  angi- 
ii  angene,  Oardiod'ynl  tpaemod'ica  inter, 
mit'tene,  Pnigopho'bia,  Prunel'la,  Snepir'ium 
cardi'acnw,  Pnenmonal'gia,  SnjffPacatict  BreaH- 
pang,  (F.)  Angine  <!<■  Poitrine,  Sivron  du 
A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of  which  if  lo't 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  arc.  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms,  anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and  scum'  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  and  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
condition  of  the  heart.  It  appears  to  be  i, 
thic.  and  has  been  termed  Neuralgia  of  tht  Heart. 
Some,  however,  employ  this  la-t  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  In  art, 
;  which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris  more 


ANGINE   GUTTURALE 


64 


ANGONE 


in  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts  which  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  appropriate  treatment.  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re- 
quired during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pellicula'ris,  A.  malig'na,  Dipthe- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  Aphtha;, 
Tracheitis,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
niform  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Angina  Perniciosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Pestilentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic — a.  Poly- 
posa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Polyposaseu  Mem- 
branaeea,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Pseudo-mem- 
branosa,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic  —  a.  Pulposa, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Sanguinea,  Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 

Angina  Sicca,  (F.)  Angine  Seche,  is  a  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  pharynx,  with  a  distressing 
sense  of  dryness  and  beat,  in  chronic  diseases  of 
the  stomach  and  lungs.     See  Pasdanchone. 

Angina  Simplex,  Isthmitis. 

Angina  Squirro'sa,  (F.)  Angine  squirreuse, 
consists  in  difficulty  of  deglutition,  caused  by 
scirrhous  disorganization  of  the  pharynx  or  oeso- 
phagus, or  by  enlarged  tonsils. 

Angina  Strangulators,  Cynanche  trache- 
alis— a.  Strepitosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Suf- 
focatoria,  C3rnanche  trachealis  —  a.  Synochalis, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — a.  Thyreoidea,  Thyreoids 
—  a.  Tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  a.  Tra- 
chealis, Cynanche  trachealis  —  a.  Ulcerosa,  Cy- 
nanche maligna  —  a.  Uvularis,  Staphyloedema, 
TJvulitis  —  a.  Vera  et  Legitima,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINE  GUTTURALE,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris—  a.  Laryngee,  Laryngitis  —  a.  Laryngee  et 
tracheale,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Laryngee  cede- 
mateuse,  (Edema  of  the  glottis — a.  (Esophagi  enne, 
Oesophagitis — a.  Pharyngee,  Cynanche  parotidaea 
— a.  de  Poitrine,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Seche,  An- 
gina sicca — a.  Simple,  Isthmitis — a.  Squirrense, 
Angina  Squirrosa — a.  Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINEUX,  Angino.e. 

ANGINO'SE,  Angino  su*,  (F.)  Anginenx.    Re 
lating  or  appertaining  tt  angina;  as  Scarlati'na 
angino' sa. 

ANGIOCARDI'TIS,  from  ayyaov,  'a  vessel/ 
and  carditis,  '  inflammation  of  the  heart.'  In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  great  vessels. 

ANGIODIASTASIS,  Angiectasis. 

ANGIOGRAPHY,  Angiography. 

ANGIOHEMIE.  Hyperemia. 

ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
pby. 

ANGIOHYDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGIOITIS.  Angeitis. 

ANGIOLEUCITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

ANGIOLOGY,  Angeiology. 

ANGIOLYMPHITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

ANGIOMALACIA,  Angeiomalacia. 

ANGIOMYCES,  Haeinatodes  fungus. 

ANGIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPATHIA,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPLANIA.  Angeioplania. 

ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 

ANGIOPYRA,  Synocha. 

ANGIORRHAGIA,  Haeroorrhagia  activa. 

ANGIORRIKEA,  Angeiorrhcea. 

ANGIOSIS,  Angio'pathia. 

ANGIOSTEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIOSTOSIS,  Angeiostosis. 


ANGIOSTROPHE.  see  Torsion. 

ANGIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANGIOTEN'IC,  Angeioten'ic,  Angioten'icun 
seu  Angeioten'icu8,  from  ayyziov,  'a  vessel,'  and 
tuvuv,  'to  extend.'  An  epithet  given  to  inflam- 
matory fever,  owing  to  its  action  seeming  to  be 
chiefly  exerted  on  the  vascular  system. 

ANGIOTOMY,  Angeiotomy. 

ANGLE,  An'gulu8,  from  ayKv\og,  '  a  hook.' 
The  space  between  two  lines  which  meet  in  a 
point. 

Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out  by  Camper,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  two  lines,  one  of  which 
is  drawn  from  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
forehead  to  the  alveolar  edge  of  the  upper  jaw, 
opposite  the  incisor  teeth — the  facial  line — and 
the  other  from  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  to 
the  same  point  of  the  jaw.  According  to  the 
size  of  the  angle  it  has  been  attempted  to  appre- 
ciate the  respective  proportions  of  the  cranium 
and  face,  and,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  degree  of 
intelligence  of  individuals  and  of  animals.  In 
the  white  varieties  of  the  species,  this  angle  is 
generally  80°;  in  the  negro  not  more  than  70°, 
and  sometimes  only  65°.  As  we  descend  the 
scale  of  animals,  the  angle  becomes  less  and  less  ; 
until,  in  fishes,  it  nearly  or  entirely  disappears. 
Animals  which  have  the  snout  long,  and  facial 
angle  small,  such  as  the  snipe,  crane,  stork,  &c, 
are  proverbially  foolish,  at  least  they  are  so 
esteemed;  whilst  intelligence  is  ascribed  to  those 
in  which  the  angle  is  more  largely  developed,  as 
the  elephant  and  the  owl.  In  these  last  animals, 
however,  the  large  facial  angle  is  caused  by  the 
size  of  the  frontal  sinuses : — so  that  this  mode  of 
appreciating  the  size  of  the  brain  is  very  inexact, 
and  cannot  be  depended  upon. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  angle  in  man 
and  certain  animals  : 

FACIAL  ANGLES. 

Man from  68°  to  88°  and  more. 

Sapajou 65 

Orang-Utang 56  to  58 

Guenon  57 

Mandrill 30  to  42 

Coati 28 

Pole-Cat  31 

Pug-Dog 35 

Mastiff 41 

Hare 30 

Ram 30 

Horse 23 

Angle,  Occipital,  of  Daubenton,  is  formed 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
foramen  magnum  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
orbit,  and  another  drawn  from  the  top  of  the 
head  to  the  space  between  the  occipital  condyles. 
In  man,  these  condyles,  as  well  as  the  foramen 
magnum,  are  so  situate,  that  a  line  drawn  per- 
pendicular to  them  would  be  a  continuation  of 
the  spine;  but  in  animals  they  are  placed  more 
or  less  obliquely ;  and  the  perpendicular  is  ne- 
cessarily thrown  farther  forward,  and  the  angle 
rendered  more  acute. 

Angle,  Optic,  (F.)  Angle  optique,  is  the  angle 
formed  by  two  lines,  which  shave  the  extremities 
of  an  object,  and  meet  at  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

ANGNAIL,  Hangnail. 

ANGOISSE,  Angor. 

ANGOLAM.  A  very  tall  Malabar  tree,  which 
possesses  vermifuge  properties. 

AN'GONE,  properly  An'chone,  from  ay^w,  'I 
choke.'  Anad'rome,  Hysterapopni.x'is,  Hys'tero- 
pni.r,  Praefoca'tio  Fau'cium  seu  Uteri'na  seu 
Matri'cis,  Strangula'tio  uteri'na,  Suffoca'tio  ute- 
ri'na seu  hyster'ica,  Globus  seu  Nodus  hyster'icns, 
Orthopnce'a  hyster'ica,  Dyspha'gia  globo'sa  seu 
hyster'ica,  Nervous  Quinsy.  A  feeling  of  strangu- 
lation, with  dread  of  suffocation.     It  is  commoa 


AXGOR 


A  N  I  M  A  L 


in  hysterical  females,  ami  is  accompanied  with  a 
in  as  if  a  ball  arose  from  the  abdomen  to 
the  throat 

ANGOR,   Anguish,   (P.)   A  Extreme 

anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful  constriction 
at  the  epigastrium,  ami  often  with  palpitation 
and  oppression.  It  is  frequently  an  unfavour- 
able symptom. 

_  my.  Orthopnea — a.  Faueium,  Isth- 
miti- — a.  Pectoris,  Angina  pectoris. 
IOS,  Buho,  Uterus,  Vessel 
ANQOSTURE  VRAIE,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 
ANGOURION,  Cucumis  sativua. 
:  ent 
WISH,  Angor. 
i-n.  Fbbbilb,  Ang  *r  Febri'ttt,   The  com- 
bination of  weariness,  pain,  anxiety,  ami  weak- 

_■  the  bead  and  neck,  which  js 
nerallv  observed  at  the  commencement  of  fever. 
ANOULAIRE  DE  L'OMOPLATE,  Levator 
scapulas. 

AN'GULAB,    Aixjutit'ri*,    from    anrjuhtx,    'an 
(F.)  Angulaire.     That  which    relates  to 
an  angle. 

LAB  ARTBBY  and  Vein.     A  name  given, 

1.  to  the  termination    of   the    facial   artery  and 

vein,  because  they  pass  by  the  greater  angle  of 

:    and,    2.   to   the   facial   artery  and  vein 

because  they  pass  under  the  angle 

of  the  jaw.     See  Facial. 

ABO  CI  \i:  Nkhvk  is  a  filament  furnished  by 
the  inferior  maxillary,  which  passes  near  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye. 

Akoi  lab  PaoCBBBEfl  of  the  frontal  bone  are 
seated  near  the  angles  of  the  eyes.     See  Orbitar. 

AN '<;  11.  IRIS,  Levator  scapula3. 

ULI-  SCAP I  rL  0  -  HUMERAL,     Teres 
major. 

ANGULUS  COST.E,  see  Costa  — a.  Ocularis, 
Canthus. 

ANGURIA,  Cucurbits  citrullus. 

ANGUSTATIO,  Arctatio— a.  Cordis,  Systole— 
a.  Intestini  recti  vel  Ani,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

ANGUS'-TIA,  Angutta'tio,  Stenoeho'ria.  Anx- 
iety, narrowness,  strait,  constriction. 

Amm-m\  Abdomib  w.is,  Pelvis,  (Brim)  —  a. 
Perinsealis,  Pelvis,  (Outlet.) 

ANG1  STURA,  Cusparia  febrifuga — a.  False, 
Bruoea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnos  nux  vo- 
mica—  a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and 
Btrychnos. 

A  X>,  I  ST/'/;/:,  FAUSSE,  Brucea  antidysen- 
terica —  'i.   Ferrugim  use,  Brucea  antidysenterica 
— a.   Vraie,  Cosparia  febrifuga. 
USTURINE,  Lrucine. 

ANHiEMATOSIA,  Asphyxia,  Anaemia. 

AN'll.KMlA.  Anmrnia. 

AMI  \  I'll  I  \.  AnaphUv 

ANHELA'TIO,  from  ankelo,  'I  pant.'    An- 
Aat'mua,  Panting,  Qaeping,  Ankelation, 
Heck,   Hegh,  (1'rov.i   Oitn,   itawing,  Pech- 
ouffli  mint.     Short  and  rapid  breath- 
ing.    B(  e  Dyspnoea. 

Anhelatio  is  sometimes  employed  synony- 
mously a  itb  asthma. 

AN  HE  LIT  US,  Breath. 

AN  HE*  MA  TOSIE,  Anaemia,  Asphyxia. 

AMI  EM  IF,  Anaemia. 

AN  11  [STOUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  \oto<;, 
'organic  texture/  'Anorganic'  Awtor'pktu.  The 
tuni'M  decidna  uteri  i.-,  termed  by  Yelpeau  the 
OMBlSfOMS  nn  mhrn in  . 

AHHUIBA,  Laorua  sassafras. 

AXH  Y  IMLK'.M  I  A,  Anetmyd'ria,  from  a  v,  pri- 
vative, 'vdup, '  water/  and  'aiua,  '  blood.'  A  con- 
dition of  the  blood  in  which  there  is  a  diminution 
in  the  quantity  of  the  serum. 

AXIIVDUOMYEL'TA,   from    av,  priv.,   'vb»p, 


'water,'  and   itvc\o;,   'marrow.'     Deficiency  or 
I,  in  the  spinal  cavity,  of  the  ecphalo-spi- 
nal  fluid. 

LNICE'TON,  Aiu'ii'tiiiii,  Metia'muan,  from  «, 
privative,  and  11*77.  'victory.'  '  invincible.'  A 
plaster  much   extolled   by  th«   ancients    ii. 

of  achores.     It  was  formed  of  litharge,  i 

thus.  alum,  turpentine,  white  pepper,  and  oil. 

AN  [/DE1  B,  from  av,  privative,  and  ti£o<;. 
'shape.'  Amm], hit*.  A  monster  devoid  of  Bhape. 
— .i.e.  St.  Hilaire. 

ANTDRO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  'i5po)t, 
Sudo'ria  nul'liUu  vel  priva'tio.  Ab- 
sence of  sweat.  Deficiency  of  perspiration. — 
Hippooi 

ANILEMA,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILESI8,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILITAS,  Bee  Dementia. 

A  XI  MA.  An' i  1, my,  M.  „■<,  Payeki.  The  mind, 
breath,  A.c,  from  avefjtoi,  'wind  or  breath.'  (F.) 
Ante.     The  principle  of  the  intellectual  and  moral 

manifestations.     Also,  the  principle  of  lift the 

life  of  plants  being  termed  An'ima  vegetati'va, 
,  (F.)  Ante  vigitative  ;  that  of  man,  An'ima  aenei- 
j  ti'va,  (F.)  Ante  aeusitive. 

The  Anii/in  of  Stahl,  An'ima  Stahlia'na,  was  a 
fancied  intelligent  principle,  which  he  supposed 
to  preside  over  the  phenomena  of  life,  —  like  the 
Archaut  of  Van  Helmont. 

Under  the  term  Antma  mvndi,  the  ancient  phi- 
losophers  meant  a  universal  Spirit,  which  they 
supposed  spread  over  every  part  of  the  uni- 
verse. 

The  precise  seat  of  the  mind  in  the  brain  has 
given  rise  to  many  speculations.  The  point  is 
unsettled. 

With  the  ancient  chemists,  Anima  meant  the 
active  principle  of  a  drug  separated  by  some 
chemical  management. 

Anima  Aloes  :  see  Aloes  Succotorinn — a.  Ar- 
ticulorum,  Ilermodactylus — a.  Hepatis,  Perri  sul- 
phas—  a.  Pulmonum,  Crocus  —  a.  Khei.  Inlusum 
rhei  —  a.  Stahliana,  see  Anima  —  a.  Vegetative, 
Plastic  force. 

AN'IMAL,  Zo'dn.  A  name  given  to  every 
animated  being.  Most  animals  have  the  power 
of  locomotion;  some  can  merely  execute  par- 
tial movements,  such  as  contraction  and  dila- 
tation. In  other  respects  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  difficulty  to  determine  what  is  an  animal 
characteristic  The  study  of  animals  is  called 
Zool'ogy. 

An'imai,,  Anima'li*.  That  which  concerns,  or 
belongs  to,  an  animal. 

Abimal  Beat,  Calor  anima'lia  sen  nati'vva, 
Cal'idum  anima'li  sea  inna'tum,  Siolyek'nion, 
Flam'mnla  vita' lit,  Therma  em'phytum,  Thermwn 
em'pkytnm,  /</nis  anima'lia  seu  natura'lia  sen 
vita'lia,  (V.)  Ckalenr animate,  is  the  caloric  con- 
stantly formed  by  the  body  of  a  living  animal. 
by  virtue  of  which  it  preserves  nearly  the  same 
temperature,  whatever  may  be  that  of  the  in- 
dium in  which  it  is  placed.  This  formation 
serin-  to  take  jdace  over  the  whole  of  the  body, 
and  to  be  connected  with  the  action  of  nutrition. 

The  following  are  the  natural  temperatures  of 
certain  animals;  that  of  man  being  98°  or  100°. 

Animals.  Ttmj 

.Arctic  Fox 103 

Arctic  Wolf )  nrt, 

Bqnlrrel }         105 

5"J t         104 

\N  bale ) 

Arctomys  dtUlns,  «ihZ— in  summen 103 

Do.                  when  torpid v 

fioat 1":; 

Bat,  in  sumnicr >  .     , 

Husk )  J    " 

Marmots  bobao— A6oc 101  nr  102 

mouse 101 


ANIMALCULA 

Animals. 
Arctoniys  marmota,  marmot, — in  summer, 

Do.  '    when  torpid 

Kabbit 

Polar  Bear , 

Dos; 

Cat 

Swine 

.Sheep 

Ox 


66 


AXISOTACHYS 


Temperatur  . 
..  V.  1  or  102 

43 
..  1  0  to  104 

100 


Guinea-pig 

Arctomys  glis 

Shrew „ 

Young  wolf 

Fringilla  artica,  Arctic  finch 

Rubecola,  redbreast 

Fringilla  linaria,  lesser  redpoll 

Falco  palumbarius.  goshawk 

Caprimulgus  Europaeus,   European  goat- 

sucker 

Emberiza  nivalis,  snow-bunting 

Falco  lanarins,  lanner 

Fringilla  carduelis,  goldfinch 

Corvus  corax.  raven 

Tardus,  thrush,  (of  Ceylon,) 

Tetrao  perdix.  partridge 

Anas  clypeata.  shoveler 

Tringa  pugnax,  ruffe 

Scolopax  limosa,  lesser  godwit 

Tetrao  tetrix,  grouse 

Fringilla  brumalis,  winterfinch 

Loxia  pyrrhula 

Falco  nisus,  sparroiohawk 

Yultur  barbatus 

Anser  pulchricollis 

Colymbus  auritus.  dusky  grebe 

Tringa  vanellus,  lapwing,  wounded 

Tetrao  lagopus,  ptarmigan , 

Fringilla  domestica.  Jiouse  sparrow 

Strix  passerina.  little  owl 

Haematopus  ostralegus,  sea-pie 

Anas  peuelope,  widgeon 

Anas  strepera.  gadwall 

l'elecanus  car  bo 

Falco  ossifragus,  sea-eagle 

Fulica  atra.  coot 

Anas  acuta,  pintail<luck 

Falco  milvus,  kite,  (wounded,) 

Merops  apiaster,  bee-eater 

Goose 

lien 

Dove 

Duck 

Ardeastellaris 

Falco  albicollis 

Picus  major 

Cossus  ligniperda 

Shark 

Torpedo  marmorata - 


Animal  Kingdom,  (F.)  Regne  Animal,  com- 
prises all  animated  beings. 

Animal  Layer,  see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  a. 
Magnetism,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

AXIMALCULA  SEMIXALIA,  Spermatozoa 
— a.  Spermatica.  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMAL'CULE,  Animal' culum ;  diminutive 
of  animal.  A  small  animal.  An  animal  well 
seen  only  by  means  of  the  microscope. 

AXIMALCULES,  SEMIXAL,  Spermatozoa— 
a.  Spermatic,  Spermatozoa. 

AXIMALCULISM,  Spermatism. 

AXIMAL'CULIST,  An'imalixt.  One  who  at- 
tempts to  explain  different  physiological  or  pa- 
thological phenomena  by  means  of  animalcules. 
One  who  believes  that  the  embryo  is  formed  from 
the  so-called  spermatic  animalcules  —  sperm' atist, 
sem'inist. 

A  X I M  A  L'C  U  L  0  V I S  M,  Animalculovism'- 
?<s,  from  animalculum  and  ovum.  The  doctrine, 
now  universal,  which  maintains  that  the  new 
being  is  formed  by  the  concourse  of  the  sperma- 
tic animalcule  or  spermatozoid  with  the  ovum. 

AXIMALCULUM,  Animalcule. 

AXIMALIST,  Animalculist. 

AXIMAL'ITY,  Animal'itas,  (F.)  Animalite. 
The  aggregate  of  qualities  which  distinguish  that 
which  is  animated.  That  which  constitutes  the 
animal. 


100  to  103 

100  to  102 
99 
98 
96 

111 

110  or  111 

100 

109  to  110 

109 


108 

107 
107  to  111 

106 

105 
104 

103  to  107 


103 

to  91 

83 

74 


A  X  IMALIZA'TIO  X,  Animalisa'tio.  The 
transformation  of  the  nutritive  parts  of  food  into 
the  living  substance  of  the  body  to  be  nourished. 
Assimilation. 

To  AXTMATE,  Anima' re.  To  unite  the  liv- 
ing principle  with  an  organized  body.  The 
French  use  it  in  the  sense  of, — to  excite  or  render 
active;  as,  animer  un  vesicatoire  :  to  excite  a 
blister  to  suppurate. 

AXIMATIO,  Animation— a.  Foetus,  see  Quick, 
ening. 

AXIMA'TIOX,  Zoo' sis,  Anima' tio,  from  anima, 
'the  soul  or  mind.'  The  act  of  animating.  The 
state  of  being  enlivened. 

Animation,  Suspended,  Asphyxia. 

AX'IME,  Gum  an'ime,  Amince'a,  Gummi  an'- 
ime, Can'camum,  Can'camy.  A  resin  obtained 
from  the  trunk  of  Hymen'cea  cour'baril.  Ord. 
Fabacese.  It  has  been  given  as  a  cephalic  and 
uterine.  It  is  not  used.  The  plant  is  also  called 
Cour'baril. 

AXLUE,  (F.)  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
countenance,  when  florid,  in  health  or  disease. 

AXUMELL.E,  Parotid. 

ANIMI  CASUS  SUBITUS,  Syncope— a.  De- 
liquium,  Syncope — a.  Pathemata,  Passions. 

ANIMISM,  see  Animist. 

AN'IMIST,  from  anima,  'the  soul.'  One  who, 
following  the  example  of  Stahl,  refers  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  animal  ecomony  to  the  soul, 
An'imism. 

The  soul,  according  to  Stahl,  is  the  immediate 
and  intelligent  agent  of  every  movement,  and  of 
every  material  change  in  the  body.  Stahl  there- 
fore concluded,  that  disease  is  nothing  more 
than  a  disturbance  or  disorder  in  the  government 
of  the  economy,  or  an  effort  by  which  the  soul, 
attentive  to  every  morbific  cause,  endeavours  to 
expel  whatever  may  be  deranging  the  habitual 
order  of  health.     See  Stahlianism. 

AXIMUS,  Anima,  Breath. 

AXIRIDTA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ipts,  iptSos  'the 
iris.'     Absence  of  the  iris. 

AXIS,  Pimpinellaanisum — a.  Aigre,  Cuminum 
Cyminum — a.  de  la  Chine,  Ulicium  anisatum — a. 
Doux,  Anethum — a.  Etoile,  Ulicium  anisatum. 

AXISA'TUM,  from  Anisum,  '  Anise.'  A  sort 
of  medicated  wine,  formerly  prepared  with  honey, 
wine  of  Ascalon,  and  aniseed. 

AXTSCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

AXISCHURIA,  Enuresis. 

AXISE,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Star,  Ulicium 
anisatum,  I.  Floridanum  —  a.  Tree,  Florida,  Uli- 
cium Floridanum — a.  Tree,  yellow-flowered,  Uli- 
cium anisatum. 

AXISEED,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

AXISEMA  DRACOXTIUM,  Arum  dracon- 
tium. 

AXISI  SEMIXA,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

AXISO'DUS    LU'RIDUS,   Xican'dra   anom'- 

ala,  Phy' sails  stramo'nium,   Whitley' a  stramo'ni- 

folia.     A  plant   of  Xepal,  possessed   of  narcotic 

properties,  and  resembling  belladonna   and   to- 

■  bacco.     It  dilates  the  pupil,  and  is  used  in  dis- 

!   eases  of  the  eye  like  belladonna.     It  is  given  in 

alcoholic    tincture    (dried    leaves  t^j    to    alcohol 

\  f^  viij ).    Dose,  20  drops  internally  in  the  24  hours. 

AXISOPHYLLUM  IPECACUAXHA,  Eu- 
'  phorbia  Ipecacuanha. 

AXISOS'THEXES,  Incequa'li  rob' ore  pollens. 
That  which  is  unequal  in  strength :  from  av, 
|!  priv.,  icos,  'equal,'  and  o$cvos,  'strength.'  Au 
|i  epithet  applied  particularly  to  the  muscular  con- 
J;  tractility  which,  in  the  sick,  is  sometimes  aug- 
:  mented  in  certain  muscles  only, — in  the  flexors, 
ij  for  example. 
I      AXISOT'ACHYS,  from  av,  priv.,  icos,  '  equal,' 


A  N  I  S  D  M 


A  N  N  U  L  A  R 


and   ra^vs,   'quick.'     An  epithet  f<>r  the  pulse, 
when  quick  and  unequal. — Gumeus. 
ANI8UM,   Pimpinella  enisoaa — a.  Africanum 

Bubon  Qalbanum — a.  FmtioosuiB  Lril- 
baniferum,  Bubon  Qalbanum — a.  Officinale,  Pim- 
pinella anisum — a.  Sinense.  Illicium  anisatum — 
a.  Stellatutn,  Illicium  auisatum — a.  Yulgare,  Pim- 
pinella  anisum. 

ANKLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANKLEY,  Malleolus. 

ANKUS,  Aneus. 

ANKYLOBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon, 
Palpebra'rum  coal'itue,  from  ayKvXrj,  'a  bridle,' 
am!  fooyioov,  'eyelid.'  A  pre!  rnatural  union 
between  tin  |  f  the  eyelids.     Likewise 

.•ailed  Symbleph'aron,  Symblepharo'eie,  ami  /'  otf- 

Also,  union  between  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
b. — Ae'tlus. 

ANKYLOCHEI'LIA,  Ancylochei'lia,  (F.)  An- 
kgdochilie,  from  aygvXos,  '  crooked,' and  %ti\os, 
•  up.'     Accidental  onion  of  the  lips. 

ANKYLOCH&LIE,  Ankyloeheilia, 

ANKYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia, 

ANKYLOCORE,  Coreclisis. 

ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  ay*vAo?,  'crooked,' 
and  u?ov$,  oSovros,  'a  tooth.'  An  irregular  posi- 
tion  of  the  teeth  in  the  Jaws. 

ANK1  LOGLOS'SI  \.   Aneylogloe'eia,  Conere'- 

tin   Ungues,   from   ay>cv\ri,   '  a  bridle,'  and   yAwenra. 

'  the  tongue.'     Impeded  motion  of  the  tongue  in 

of  adhesion  between  its  margins  and 

ims :  <>r  in  consequence  of  the  shortness 

of  the   frsenutn  :    the    later  affection  constituting 

He,     (Hopho'nia     lin'gua:    fr&na'ta.       It 

merely  requires  the  fraenuui  to  be  divided  with  a 

pair  of 

AXKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM,  from  anhylogloa- 
-  'a,  •  t  mgue-tie,'  and  ro/tn,  '  incision.'  An  instru- 
ment Qsed  in  the  operation  for  tongue-tie. 

ANKYLOME'LE,  Ancylome'fe,  from  ayKv\os, 
'  crooked,'  and  nnXrj,  '  a  probe.'     A  curved  probe. 

<i:' 

A  N  KY  LOM  K R  [S'M US,  Ancylomeria'mua,  from 
ayKvXn,   'a  bridle,'  and  /u/>oj,  'a  part.'     Morbid 
p  irts. 
ANKYLOPS,  figilops. 

ANKYLORRHIN'IA,    Ancylorrhin'io,    from 

ayKv\tj,  'a  bridle,'  anil  ptv,   'the  nose.'     Morbid 

union  of  the  parietes  of  the  nose. 

ANKYLOSED,  Bee  Ankylosis. 

ANKYLO'SIS,    Aneglo'aia,    Anchylo'n$,  An'- 

-■  if  ./>>i,it,  from    ayKvXog,    'crooked.'      An 

!i.  in  which  there  is  great  difficulty  or  even 

•  ility   of  moving  a   diarthrodial   articula- 

tinn.    It  is  so  called,  because  the  limb  eouunonly 

remains  in  a  constant  state  of  flexion,  and  a  joint 

:  !<  Baid  to  be  ankglo'eed.     Anohylo- 

laid  to  be  complete  or  true,  when  there  is  an 

intimate  adhesion  between  the  synovial  surfaces, 

with    union    of   the   articular   extremities    of  the 

In    the    incomplete   or  /alee   anchylosis, 

■;ire    motion,    but    the    fibrous   parts 

around  the  joint  are  more  or  less  stiff  and  thick  - 

i.     In  the  treatment  of  this  last  state,  the 

joint  most  be  gently  and  gradually  exei 

:  sing  applications  be  assiduously  cm- 

Asktlosis  Spuria,  Rigiditas  articulorum. 

ANKYLO'TIA,  AxcgU/tia,  from  ay<vXrj,  'a 
bridle,'  and  ovs,  uros,  'the  ear.1  Morbid  union 
of  the  parietes  of  the  car. 

A  N'K  YLOT'OM  U8,Ancylot'omue,  from  ay<rv>o?, 
'crooked,'  and  rt/nvtv,  'to  cut.'  Any  kind  of 
curved  knife. — Paulus.  An  instrument  for  di- 
viding the  tranu'ii  lingUSB. — Scultetus. 

ANNEAU,  Ring  -a.  Crural,  ("rural  canal — a. 
Diaph  ragmaticring — a.  I',',,,., 


ralf  Crural  canal — a.  hgujuaal,  Inguinal  ring — a. 
Ombilical,  Umbilical  1 

ANNEXE,  .  Appendix. 

ANN!  CRITICI,  Climaeterici  (anni)— a.  De- 

eretorii,  Climaeterici   (anni) — a.  1'atales,  Ciimac- 

terici  (anni)— a,  Qenethliaci,  Climaeterici  (anni) 
— a.  Grradarii,  Climaeterici  (anni) — a.  Hebdoina- 
dici,  Climaoterioi  (anni) — a.  Seroici,  Climaeterici 

(anni) — a.  Xatalitii,  Climaeterici   (annii — a.  Sca- 
imacterid  (anni) — a.  Scansiles,  Climaete- 
rici (anni). 

ANNOTA'TIO,  J  .      Under  this  term 

some  have  included  the  preludes  to  an  at;  1 
intermittent  fever — as  yawning,  stretching,  som- 
noleney,  chilliness,  a  e. 

ANNOTTO,  see  Terra  Orleans* 

AN'NUAL  DISEASES,  Morbi  an'nui,  M.  an- 
t'rii,    (F.)    Maladie*    annuellee.     A    name 
given,   by   some,   to    diseases   which    recur   every 
year  about  the  same   period.      Febria  annua,  (F.) 
annuelU,  is  a  term  used  for  a  fancied  in- 
termittent of  this  type. 

ANNUENS.  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

ANNUIT"IO,  Nodding,  from  ad,  'to,*  and 
mttnx,  'a  nod.'  A  gesture,  denoting  assent  in 
most  countries.  Also,  the  state  of  somnolency, 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  erect  or  silting 
posture,  with  the  head  unsupported,  in  which 
the  power  of  volition  over  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  head  is  lust,  and  the  head  drops  forward. 

AN'NULAR,  Annula'ria,  Anula'ria,  OricoVdea, 
(F.)  Aunulaire,  (annus,  'a  circle.')  Any  thing 
relating  to  a  ring,  or  which  has  the  shape  or  ful- 
fils the  functions  of  a  ring;  from  annulue,  'a 
ring.' 

AvNfi.AH  Finger,  Ring  Finger,  Ring  man, 
Dig"itua  annula'ria,  Param'eaoe.  The  fourth 
finger,  so  called  from  the  wedding  ring  being 
worn  thereon.  See  Digitus.  Of  old.  it  was  be- 
lieved, that  there  is  a  medium  of  direct  commu- 
nication between  the  ring  finger  and  the  heart. 

AlfKOLAB  Ganglion,  see  Ciliary  ligament. 

Awn.Ait  Lig'a.mknt,  Transverse  ligament, 
Crucial  ligament.  A  strong  ligamentous  hand, 
which  arches  across  the  area  of  the  ring  of  the 
atlas,  from  a  rough  tubercle  upon  the  inner  sur- 
face of  one  articular  process,  to  a  similar  tubercle 
on  the  other.  It  serves  to  retain  the  odontoid 
process  of  the  axis  in  connexion  with  the  ante- 
rior arch  of  the  atlas. 

An'ni  l.vu  Lig'amknt  of  Tilt:  Ra'diub,  is  a  very 

Btrong  fibro-eartilaginous  band,  which  form-,  v.  Lth 

jser  Bigmoid  cavity  of  the  cubitus,  a  kind 

of  ring,  in  which  the  head  of  the  radius  turns 

with   facility. 

An'ni  i, a r  Lic/aments  op  tite  Carpus,  Ar- 
mil' la  manua  membrano'ea,  are  two  in  number. 

The  one,  anterior,  hi  a  broad,  fibrous,  quadri- 
lateral band,  extending  transversely  before  the 
carpus,  and  forming  the  gutter,  made  by  the 
wrist,  into  a  canal.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  trapezium  and  scaphoides  :  and  internally 
to  the  os  pisitorme  and  process  of  the  unciforme. 
It  keeps  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles,  me- 
dian nerve,  Ac.  applied  against  the  carpus. 

The  poaterior  ligament  is  situate  transversely 
behind  the  joint  of  the  hand,  and  covers  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons,  which  pass  to  the  back 

Of  the    hand.       Its    fibres    are   white    and    shining, 

and  are  attached,  externally,  to  the  inferior  and 

outer  part  of  the  radius;  internally  to  the  ulna 
and  os  pisiforme. 

An'ni  1.  \k  I.ig'vments  of  the  TaMCI  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior  Is  quadrilateral,  and 
extends  transversely  above  the  instep,  it  ii  at- 
tached to  the  superior  depression  of  the  os  ealeis, 
and  to  the  malleolus  internum     It  embraces  the 

tendons  of  the    extensor    muscles  of  the  toes,  the 

tibialis  antic ue,  and  peroneua  onticue.    The  iuttr~ 


ANNULARIS 


68 


ANOSMIA 


nal  is  broader  than  the  last.  It  descends  from 
the  malleolus  iuternus  to  the  posterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  os  calcis,  with  which  it  forms  a  kind 
of  canal,  enclosing  the  sheaths  of  the  tendons  of 
the  tibialis  posticus,  flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis, 
and  F.  longus  pollicis  pedis,  as  well  as  the  plantar 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Annular  Vein,  Vena  anmda'ris,  is  situate 
between  the  annular  finger  and  the  little  finger. 
Aetius  recommends  it  to  be  opened  in  diseases 
of  the  spleen. 

ANNULARIS,  Cricoid  :  see  Digitus — a.  Ani, 
Sphincter  ani. 

ANNULI  CARTILAGINEI,  see  Trachea— a. 
Cartilaginosi  Trachea?,  see  Trachea. 

AX'XULI  FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI,  "  Fi- 
hro-caitilayinous  or  festooned  rings."  Tough 
tendinous  tracts  in  the  heart,  two  of  which,  an- 
terior, are  situate  on  the  right  and  left  of  the 
aortal  opening;  and  one  posterior,  which  runs 
backwards  from  the  aorta  to  the  border  of  the 
auriculo-ventricular  septum,  where  it  splits  into 
two  slender  crura. 

A  XX  UL  I-  TEXD INO-PHALANGIENS, 
Luuibricales  manus. 

ANNULUS,  Dactylius,  Vulva — a.  Abdominis, 
Inguinal  ring — a.  Al'oidus,  see  Ciliary  (ligament) 
—  a.  Cellulosus,  Ciliary  ligament  —  a.  Ciliaris, 
Ciliary  ligament  —  a.  Fossae  ovalis :  see  Ovalis 
fossa  —  a.  Gangliformis,  see  Ciliary  (ligament)  — 
a.  Repens,  Herpes  circinatus  —  a.  Umbilicalis, 
Umbilical  ring — a.  Ventriculi,  Pylorus — a.  Vieus- 
senii.  see  Ovalis  fossa. 

ANO,  avo>.     A  prefix  denoting  'above,  up.' 
AXO-CAVERXEUX,  Accelerator  urinaa. 
AXOCHI'LUS,  from  avu>,  'above/  and  ^aXo?, 
'lip.'     The  upper  lip.     Also,  one  who  has  a  large 
upper  lip. 

AXOCCELIA,  Stomach. 
ANOCCELIADELPHTJS,  Cceliadelphus. 
ANO'DIA,   from    av,    priv.,   and   wSrj,    'song.' 
An  unconnected  or  dissonant  mode  of  speech. 

ANODTC,  Anod'icus,  from   avu,  'above,  up,' 
and  'oSos,  'a  way.'     Tending  upwards.     An  epi- 
thet applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  an  ascend- 
ing course  of  nervous  action. 
ANO  DIN,  Anodyne. 

ANODIXTA,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  uStv, 
'a  labour  pain.'     Absence  of  labour  pains. 
AXODMIA.  Anosmia. 
ANODUS.  Edentulus. 

AX'ODYXE,  Anod'ynus,  Antod'ynus,  Antid'- 
ynous  (improperly),  Parrgor'icus,  Anet'icus,  Ant- 
al'gicus,  Acesod'ynes,  (F.)  Anodin  ou  Anodyn, 
from  av,  privative,  and  utvvr),  'pain.'  Anodynes 
are  those  medicines  which  relieve  pain,  or  cause 
it  to  cease;  as  opium,  belladonna,  &c.  They  act 
by  blunting  the  sensibility  of  the  encephalon,  so 
that  it  does  not  appreciate  the  morbid  sensation. 
AXODYX'IA,  Indolen'tia.  Cessation  or  ab- 
sence of  pain.  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  a 
genu?  of  diseases,  characterized  by  a  cessation 
of  pain,  and  the  exasperation  of  other  symptoms  ; 
as  we  see  in  gangrene. 

AXODYXUM  MIXERALE,  Potassae  nitras 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

AXffi'A,  Anoi'a,  from  a,  privative,  and  voos, 
'mind.'  Delirium,  imbecility.  See  Dementia 
and  Idiotism. 

AXOESIA,  Dementia  —  a.  Abstricta,  Melan- 
cholv. 

AXOIA,  Anoea. 
A  XO  Mi  1  L .  A  n  o  m  al  ou  s . 
ANGMALES,  Anomalous. 
AXOMA'LIA,  from  av,  privative,  and  oua\og, 
'regular.'      Abnor'mitas,    Aliena'tio.      Anomaly, 
abnormity,  irregularity.     In  Pathology,  anomaly 
means  something  unusual  in  the  symptoms  pro- 


per to  a  disease,  or  in  the  morbid  appearances 
presented  by  it. 

Anomalia  Nervorum,  Nervous  diathesis. 

AXOMALIE  PAR  CLOISOXXEJ/EXT,  see 
Cloisonnement. 

AXOMALOTROPHIES,  from  av,  privative, 
ojxaXos,  'regular,'  and  rpo<f>n,  'nourishment.'  A 
class  of  diseases,  which  consist  in  modifications 
in  the  nutrition  of  organs. — Gendrin. 

ANOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alus,  Anom'alis ;  the 
same  etymon.  Irregular ;  contrary  to  rule.  (F.) 
Anomal.  In  Medicine,  a  disease  is  called  ano- 
malous, in  whose  symptoms  or  progress  there  is 
something  unusual.  Affections  are  also  called 
anomalous,  which  cannot  be  referred  to  any 
known  species. 

ANOMALOUS,  Irregular. 

ANOMMATUS,  Anophthalmus. 

ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv.,  vofiog, 
'rule,'  and  Kt.<pa\r),  'head.'  One  whose  head  is 
deformed. — Geoffroi  Sain t-Hil aire. 

AXOMOSPLEXO  TOP  IE,  Splenectopia. 

AXOMOTOP1E,  Ectopia. 

ANOM'PHALUS,  from  av,  priv.,  and  op.cpa\og, 
'the  navel.'  One  devoid  of  navel.  Many  writers 
have  endeavoured  to  show  that  Adam  and  Eve 
must  have  been  avop<pa\oi,  as  they  could  not  have 
had  umbilical  vessels. 

AXTONA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

ANO'NA  TRIPET'ALA.  A  tree  of  the  family 
Anoneae  or  Anonaceas;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria 
Polygynia,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  high,  na- 
tive of  South  America,  which  bears  a  delicious 
fruit  called  Chirimoya.  Both  the  fruit  and  flowers 
emit  a  fine  fragrance,  which,  when  the  tree  is 
covered  with  blossom,  is  almost  overpowering. — 
Tschudi. 

ANONIS,  Ononis. 

ANONYCH'IA,  from  av,  privative,  and  owl-, 
ovu^o?,    'a  nail.'     Want  of  nails,  —  a  rare  con- 
genital defect. 
"  ANONYME,  Innominatum. 

ANON'YMOUS,  Anon'ymus,  Innomina'tus,  (F.) 
Anonymc,  from  av,  privative,  and  ovopa,  'name.' 
That  which  has  no  name. 

The  word  has  been  applied  to  many  parts  of 
the  body:  —  to  the  Anonymous  bone  or  Os  inno- 
minatum : — the  Anonymous  foramen  or  Foramen 
innominatum,  &c. 

ANOPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANOPIITHAL'MUS,  Anom'matus,  from  av, 
privative,  and  otpdaXfios,  'an  eye.'  One  who  is 
devoid  of  eyes. 

ANOPS'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  wt//,  'the  eye.' 
A  case  of  monstrosity  in  which  the  eye  and  orbit 
are  wanting. 

ANOPTICOXERYIE,  Amaurosis. 

ANOR'CHIDES,  from  av,  priv.,  and  op^is,  'a 
testicle.'  They  who  are  without  testicles. — For- 
tunatus  Fidelis. 

ANOREXTA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ope^ig,  'ap- 
petite.' Inappeten'tia,  Lima' sis  ex])ers,  (F. )  Perte 
d'apqyetit.  Absence  of  appetite,  without  loathing. 
Anorexia  or  want  of  appetite  is  symptomatic  of 
most  diseases.     Also,  Indigestion,  Dyspepsia. 

Anorexia  Exhausto'rum,  Frigidity  of  the 
stomach — a.  Mirabilis,  Fasting. 

ANORGANIC,  see  Anhistous,  and  Inorganic. 

ANORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ANORTHOPTA,from  a, priv., opZos,  'straight.' 
and  oxpis,  'vision.'  Vision  in  which  persons  are 
unable  to  judge  when  objects  are  not  parallel  or 
not  symmetrical. 

ANOS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  vocros^  'disease.' 
Health.     Freedom  from  disease. 

AN  OS 'MI  A,  from  av,  privative,  and  ocpv, 
'odour.'  Loss  of  smell.  Diminution  of  the  sense 
of  smell.  Called,  also,  Auosphre'sia,  Anosphra' - 
sia,  Anophre'sia,  Paros'mia,  Anod'mia,  Anosmo'- 


AN  OS  MOST  A 


C9 


ANTHELMINTIC 


sin,  Ol/actiU  amis' aio  an  defl 

olfaci  t'tua  de- 

per'dihu,  i  P.     P 

ANOSMOSIA,  A:.  Bmia. 
3PHB  ^Sl  v.  Anosmia. 

ANOSPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANO'Tl  S,  from  in',  privative,  and  ov$,  wroj, 
'the  ear.'     A  monster  having  no  oars. 

A.XnXEMli:.   ! 

ANS  V  INTKSTIX  LLIg,  A  m  .'■<'■  ttinale). 

AJfSE   V.  .  Ana*  (L.),  signifies,  properly,  the 
handle  of  certain  vessels,  usually  of  an  arched 
form.     By  analogy,  it  has  been  applied  to  that 
which  is  curved  in  the   t'onn   of  such   handle. 
Thus,  the  French  speak  nf  Ante  inteetinaU — Ansa 
,-u*  intettina'lu  —  to  signify  a  portion  of 
intestine,  supported  by  its   mesentery,  and  de- 
scribing a  curved  line: — also,  of  Aims  nerveme, 
t  laetomotiq* 
'/<.  ///  is  used,  in  Surgery,  to  designate  a 
thread,  curved  in  the  form  of  an  Ante. 

ANSERINA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

A  NSBRINE,  Chenopodinm  ambrosioides — a. 
Antkeimintique,  Chenopodinm  anthelmintionm — 
Henri,  Chenopodinm  Bonus  Henricns — a. 
Botryt,  Chenopodinm  Botrys— a.  Fitide,  Cheno- 
podinm  vulvaria  —  a.  Vermifuge,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticnm. 

ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids,  Antiac"ida,  Inver- 
ted tia,  from  (inti,  'against,' and  acida,  'acids.' 
lies  which  obviate  acidity  in  the  stomach. 
They  are  chemical  agents,  and  act  by  neutralizing 
the  acid.  Those  chiefly  used  are  ammonia,  calcis 
carV.onas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesia?  carbonas, 
bicarbonas,  p.  carbonas,  soda? 
bicarbonas,  and  s.  carbonas.  They  are,  of  course, 
only  palliatives,  removing  that  which  exi- 
preventing  the  formation  of  more. 

ANTAG'ONISM,  Antagonit'miu,  Antis'tasis, 
from  aiTt,  'against,'  and  ayajn^o/iat,  'to  strive.' 
Action  in  an  opposite  direction.  It  applies  to  the 
action  of  muscles  that  act  in  a  contrary  direction 
to  others.  In  estimating  the  force  of  muscles, 
this  antagonism  must  be  attended  to. 

ANTAG'ONIST,  Antagonit'ta.  A  muscle 
whose  action  produces  an  effect  contrary  to  that 
of  another  muscle.  Every  muscle  has  its  anta- 
gonist, because  there  is  no  motion  in  one  direc- 
tion without  a  capability  of  it  in  another. 
ANTALG1  lyne. 

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC,  Antaphrodit't'c,  Anta- 
phroditiacut,  Anaphrodieiaeut,  Anaphrodit'iac, 
Anterot'icue,  from  avri,  '  against,' and  u<ppo5iaiai<os, 
'aphrodisiac'  A  Bnbstance  capable  of  blunting 
the  venereal  appetite. 

ANTAPHRODITIC,  Antaphrodisiac 

AN  X  V  P(  '!>'<  ISIS,  from  airano6t6u)fn,  'I  return 
in  exchange.'     T;  a  and  return  of  the 

febrile  periods.— Hippocrates. 

-A  vi  ^POPLEI  Til  i  S,  Antiapoplectic 

ANTARTHRITIC,  Antiarthritic 

ANTASTHENICUS,  Tonic. 

A  NT  A  ST  1 1  M  AT  1 1 !  IS.  A  nt  iasthmatic. 

ANTATKol'irrc,  Antatroph'ieut,  Antat'ro- 
]>hnx.  Antiatroph'icut,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
i.  'atrophy.'  A  remedy  opposed  to  atro- 
»r  consumption. 

ANTEBB  \<  III  \I,  see  Antihrachial. 

A  N  '1  E  G  E  I)  B  N  '  T  I  A  .  The  precursory  or 
warning  sympton  :-.■. 

ANTEFLEXIO  Ul  I  -ion. 

AN  1  E LA' HI  A.  Prochei'la,  from  ante,  'before,' 
and  labia,  'the  lips.'     The  extremity  of  the  lins. 

ANTELOPE,  Antilopus. 

ANTEMBALLQMENUM,  am. 

ANTEM'BASIS,  from  avri,  and  tu&aivo,  'I 
enter.'  Mu'tuut  iiif/rea'sus.  The  mutual  recep- 
tion of  bones. — Galen. 


ANTEMETIC,  Antiemetic. 
ANTENDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

i  ENDIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENEAS'MUS,   from    am,    'against.'  and 

vzav,  'audacious;'  or  rather,  perhaps,   from   tun, 

and    ream,    'I    extend    or  stretch.'     One   furious 

against    himself.      Mania,    in    which    the    patient 

attempts  his  own  life. — Zacchias. 

ANTENNA'RIA  DIOI'CA,  Qnapha'li 
oi'cum,  Uitpid'ula,  /'<  i  eati,  Eli' chry turn  monta'- 
num,  Dios'ciovt  Everlatt'ivg,  Cattfoot,  (F.)  Pied 
de  chat.  Order,  Compositse.  A  common  Euro- 
pean plant,  which  has  been  advised  in  hemor- 
rhage, diarrhoea,  Ac. 

An  u:\variv      Margaritacea,      Gnaphalium 
margaritacenm. 

As  I  INN  ARIA     Pl.ANTAGI.NIFo'l.IA,     Gliajjut' I  ilim 

plan tngini/o' Hum  sen  plantagin'eum  sen  dioi'eum 
variety  plantagini/olium,  Plantain   Li/e-everlatt- 
iiKj.  Cudweld,  indigenous,  has  similar  properties. 
ANTEPHIALTIC,  Antiephialtic. 
ANTEPILEPTIC,  Antiepileptic 
ANTEPONENS,  Anticipating. 
AX  rEREI'SIS,  from  am,  'against,'  and  cpet- 
6d),   'I  support.'     The  resistance — the  solidity — 
of  bones. — Hippocrates. 

ANTjflRIEUR    DU    MARTEAU,    Laxator 
tympani — a.  de  V Oreille,  Anterior  auris. 

ANTE'RIOR,  Anti'cut,  from  ante,  'before.' 
Situate  before.  Great  confusion  has  prevailed 
with  anatomists  in  the  use  of  the  terms  be/ore, 
behind,  etc.  Generally,  the  word  (interior  is  ap- 
plied to  parts  situate  before  the  median  line,  the 
body  being  in  the  erect  posture,  with  the  face 
and  palms  of  the  hands  turned  forwards,  and 
'  the  feet  applied  longitudinally  together. 

Ahtk'riob  At'ris  {Muscle),  Auricula' rit  ante'. 
rior,At'trahent  auric' ulam,  (F.)  AurictUaire  anti- 
rieur,  Anterieur  de  I'oreille,  Zygomato-oriculaire. 
A  small  muscle,  passing  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  zygoma  to  the  helix.  Use,  to  draw  the  ear 
forwards  and  upwards. 
Anterior  Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 
ANTEROTICUS,  Antaphrodisiac. 
ANTEUPHORBIUM,  Cacalia  anteuphorbinm. 
ANTEVER'SION,  Antever'sio,  Antrover'aio, 
from  ante,  'before,'  and  latere,  vertum,  'to  turn." 
Displacement  of  the  uterus,  in  which  the  fundus 
is  turned  towards  the  pubes,  whilst  its  orifice  is 
towards  the  sacrum.  It  may  be  caused  by  extra- 
ordinary size  of  the  pelvis,  pressure  of  the  viscera 
on  the  uterus,  etc.;  and  is  recognised  by  exami- 
nation per  vaginam.  A  simple  forward  inclina- 
tion of  the  body  of  the  uterus,  without  the  os 
uteri  being  carried  much  backwards,  is  termed 
Ante/lex' ion  of  the  u'terus,  Ante  flex' io  u'tt  ri.  Not 
unfrequently,  however,  it  is  used  synonymously 
with  Retroversion  of  the  Uterus.  See  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

A  N  I II M  MOPT T'lC U  S,  A nHhamoptyxeue, 
from  avri,   'against,'  and   heemoptytit,   'spitting 
of  blood.'     Against  spitting  of  blood.     A  remedy 
for  spitting  of  blood — antihamoptylcwn  (reme- 
dium). 
ANTELffiMORRHAGICUS,  Antihemorrhagic. 
ANTHBCTICUS,  Ant. hectic. 
A  N  I II  E  L  I  T '  R  A  G  D  8,  ( P.  I  AnthtUtragii  „. 
One   of   the   proper  muscles   of   the   pavilion  of 
the   ear. 

ANT'HELIX,  Anti-helix,  from  avri,  'before,' 
and  't\t$,  'the  helix.'     An  eminence  oo  the  car- 
i    the   ear,  in   front  of  the   helix,  and  ex- 
tending  from    the   concha  to  the  groove  of  the 
helix,  u  here  it  bifur 

A  N  T  11  E  L  M  I  N'T  I  C,  Antihelmin'tiem,  Am;. 
eeol'ieut,  Anthelmin'thicut,  Antiteolet'ieut,  H<1- 
min'thicut,  ll>  Iminthago'gut,  Antivermino'eue, 
Vermifugue,  Ver'mifuge,  from  avri,  'against,' 
and   'iXynvi,    'a   worm.'     A   remedy    which    de- 


ANT  HEM  A  ERUPTIO 


70 


ANTHRAX 


stroys   or  expels  worms,  or  prevents  their  for-  II 
mation    and    development.      The    chief    anthel- 
mintics are,  Chenopodium,  Mucuna,  Oleum  ani- 
male  Dippelii.  Oleum  Terebinthinte,  Sodii  Chlo- 
ridum.  Spigelia,  and  Pulvis  Stanni.    See  "Worms. 
ANTHBMA  ERUPTIO,  Exanthem. 
AN'THEMIS  COT'ULA,  from  avdeo,  'I flower.' 
A.  fc'tida  seu  Xoveboracexi'sis,  Cot'ula,  C.  fce'tida, 
Gota,    Cynan'themis,    Chamceme'lum  fve'tidutn  seu 
Chamomil'la  spu'n'a  sen  fce'tida,  Maru'ta  Cot'ula, 
Mayflower,  Mayweed,  Stinking  Chamomile,   Wild  j 
Cham'omile,  Dog's  fennel,  Dilly,  Dihceed,  Field- 
weed,  Pissxceed.      Ord.   Compositae  Corynibiferaj. 
S        s   it.   Syngenesis  Superflua.     (F.)  Maroute,\ 
Gamomille  fetide,  Camomille  puante. 

This  plant  Cot'ula,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  a  very  dis- 
agreeable smell,  and  the  leaves  have  a  strong, 
acrid,  bitterish  taste.  It  is  reputed  to  have  been 
useful  in  hysterical  affections. 
Anthemis  Fcetida,  A.  cotula. 
An'themis  Xo'bilis,  An'themis,  A.  odora'ta, 
Chamceme'lum,  Ch.  Xo'bile  seu  odora'tum,  Cha- 
momil'la stoma' no,  Euan'themon,  Lexicon' themum, 
(F.)  Gamomille  Romaine.  The  leaves  and  flowers. 
'  -:mis,  Ph.  U.  S. — have  a  strong  smell,  and 
bitter,  nauseous  taste.  The  flowers  are  chiefly 
used.  They  possess  tonic  and  stomachic  proper- 
ties, and  are  much  given  as  a  pleasant  and  cheap 
bitter.  A  simple  infusion  is  taken  to  produce,  or 
to  assist  vomiting.  Externally,  they  are  often 
used  in  fomentations. 

The  O'leum  Anthem' idis  possesses  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  plant,  but  not  the  bitter  and 
tonic.  Consequently,  the  'Chamomile  Drops,'  as 
sold  by  the  druggists,  must  be  devoid  of  the  lat- 
ter qualities.  They  are  made  by  adding  01. 
anthem,  f^j.  to  Sp.  vini  recti/'.  Oj. 

Anthemis  Xoyeboracencis,  A.  cotula  —  a. 
Odorata,  A.  cotula. 

An'themis  Py'rethrem,  Py'rethrum,  P.  verum, 
Anacyc'lus  pyrethrum,  BxiphthaV mum  Cre'ticum, 
Denta'ria,  Herba  saliva' ris,  Pes  Alexandri' nus, 
Spanish  Chamomile,  Peilitory  of  Spain,  (F.)  Py- 
rethre,  Rncine  soli  voire.  Soli voire,  Pied  cT Alex- 
andre. The  root,  Pyrethrum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  hot 
and  acrid,  its  acrimony  residing  in  a  resinous 
principle.  It  is  never  used  except  as  a  mastica- 
tory in  toothache,  rheumatism  of  the  face,  pa- 
ralysis of  the  tongue,  etc.  It  acts  as  a  powerful 
sialogogue. 

The  Peilitory  of  the  shops  in  Germany  is  said 
to  be  derived  from  Anacyc'lus  ojficina'rum y  a 
plant  cultivated  in  Thuringia  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

An'themis    Tincto'ria,    Buphthal'mi    Herba, 
Dyer's  Chamomile,  a  European  plant,  has  a  bitter 
and  astringent  taste,  and  has  been  regarded  as 
stomachic   and   vulnerary.     (F.)    Camomille   des 
Teinturicrs.  CEil  de  Basuf. 
Anthemis  Vulgaris,  Matricaria  Chamomilla. 
AXTHE'RA,  from  avQrjpog,  so  called  from  its 
'florid'  colour.    A  remedy  compounded  of  several 
substances — myrrh,  sandarac,  alum,  saffron,  etc. 
It  was  used  under  the  form  of  liniment,  colly- 
rium,  electuary,  and  powder. — Celsus,  Galen. 
AXTHEREOX,  Mentum. 
AXTHORA,  Aconitum  anthora  —  a.  Vulgaris, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

AXTHORIS'MA,  from  mm,  'against,'  and 
opicrna,  'boundary.'  Tumor  dijfu'sus.  A  tumour 
without  any  defined  margin. 

AXTHOS,  see  Rosmarinus — a.  Sylvestris,  Le- 
dum svlvestre. 

AXTHRA'CIA,  from  avSpa?,  avOpaKos,  'coal.' 
Carbun'cular  Exan'them.  An  eruption  of  tumors, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  with  indurated  edges, 
and,  for  the  most  part,  a  sordid  and  sanious  core. 
A  genus  in  the  order  Exanthematica,  class  Htema- 
tica  of  Good,  and  including  Plague  and  Yaws. 


Anthracia,  Anthracosis — a.  Pestis,  Plague — 
a.  Rubula.  Framboesia. 

AXTHRACIOX,  see  Anthrax. 
AX'THRACOID,   Anthraco'des,    from    avS-pal. 
avdpaKos,    'coal,'   and   ciSog,   'resemblance.'     (F.j 
Charbonneux.     As  black  as  coal.     Accompanied 
by  or  resembling  anthrax. 
ANTHRACOMA,  Anthrax. 
AXTHRACOXECROSIS,  see  Sphacelus. 
AXTHRACOPHLYCTIS,  see  Anthrax. 
AXTHRACOSIA.  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACO'SI8,  Anthra'eia,  Carbo  Palpe- 
brarum, from  av<?pu!-.  avOptiKos,  'a  coal.'  A  spe- 
|  cies  of  carbuncle,  which  attacks  the  eyelids  and 
globe  of  the  eye. — Paulus  of  ^Egina.  Also,  a 
carbuncle  of  any  kind.  It  has  been  used  for  the 
"black  lung  of  coal  miners,"  which  is  induced 
by  carbonaceous  accumulation  in  the  lungs  : 
Pseudo-xnelonot'ic  formation,  (Cars well.)  Matter  e 
noire  des  Poumons,  Charbon  pulmonaire.  When 
ulceration  results  from  this  cause,  blade  phthisic, 
(F.)  Phthisic  avec  Jlelanose,  exists.  See  Mela- 
nosis. 

Anthracosis  Pelmontm.  see  Melanosis. 
AXTHEACOTYPHUS.  Plague. 
AXTHRAKOK'ALI,  LithanthroJcoJc'ali,  from 
avQpa^,  avOpaKOi,   'coal,'  and  kali,  'potassa.'     An 
article  introduced  as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  dis- 
eases.    It  is  formed  by  dissolving  carbonate  of 
potassa  in  10  or  12  parts  of  boiling  water,  and 
adding  as  much  slacked  lime  as  will  separate  the 
potassa.     The  filtered  liquor  is  placed  on  the  fire 
in  an  iron  vessel,  and  suffered  to  evaporate,  until 
neither  froth  nor  effervescence   occurs,  and  the 
liquid  presents   a   smooth   surface  like  oil.     To 
this,  levigated  coal  is  added  in  the  proportion  of 
!  160  grammes  to  192  grammes  of  potassa.     The 
mixture   is   stirred,  and   removed  from  the  fire, 

I  and  the  stirring  is  continued,  until  a  black  homo- 
geneous powder  results.  A  sulpihuretted  anthra- 
hohali  is  made  by  mixing  accurately  16  grammes 
of  sulphur  with  the  coal,  and  dissolving  the  mix- 
ture in  the  potassa.  as  directed  above.  The  dose 
of  the  simple   and  sulphuretted   preparations  is 

II  about  two  grains  three  times  a  day. 

AXTHRAX,  axBoa^   'a  coal,'  Antrax,   Carbo, 

I  Rubi'nus  verxts,  Codesel'la,  Erythe'ma  gangrceno'- 

'•.  sum,  Grantris'tum,  Prima,  Per'sicus  Ignis,  Pyrv, 

,  Granatris'tum,    Phyma    Anthrax,    Erythema    an- 

i   thrax,    Carbun'cxilus,  Anthraco'sia,  Anthraco'ma, 

Absces'sus  gangrcenes'cens  seu  gangrceno'  svs,  Fu- 

run' cuius  malig'nus.  F.  gangrceno'sus,  Carbuncle, 

(F.)  Charbon.    An  inflammation,  essentially  gan- 

I  grenous,  of  the  cellular  membrane  and  skin, 
which  may  arise  from  an  internal  or  external  cause. 
In  the  latter  case  it  is  called  Anthra'cion,  Yesic'- 
ula  gangrcenes'cens,  Anthracophlyc'tis,  (F.)  Pus- 
tule maligne ;  Boxtton  d'Alcp,  Feu  Persiaue  (Per- 
sian fire).  Malvat,  Bouton  malin,  Puce  malignc,  and 
is  characterized  at  the  outset  by  a  vesication  or 
bleb  filled  with  a  sero-sanguinolent  fluid,  under 
which  a  small  induration  is  formed,  surrounded 

;:  by  an  areolar  inflammation,  which  becomes  gan- 
,  grenous.  It  has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  in- 
||  duced  altogether  by  contact  with  the  matter  of 

II  the  carbuncle  of  animals,  or  of  the  exuvia?  of 
the  bodies  of  such  as  had  died  of  the  disease, 
but  it  is  now  known  to  arise  primarily  in  the 
human  subject.  This  form  of  carbuncle  has  re- 
ceived different  names,  many  of  them  from  the 

j!  places  where  it  has  prevailed:  —  Carbun'eulux 
coxitagio'sus  seu  Gal'licus  seu  Hunga'ricxis  seu 
!|  Polon'icus  seu  Scptentriona'lis,  Jf orbits pustulo'sus 
\  Fin'nicus.  Pus' tula  gongrcenosa  seu  Liv'ida  Es- 
1  tho'nicB,  Pemphigus  Hungar'icus,  Puce  de  Bour- 
gogne. 

Anthrax  is  a  malignant  boil,  and  its  treatment 
i  is  similar  to  that  which  is   required  in  case  of 
gangrene  attacking  a  part. 


A  N  T  li  II I  S  C  U  8  C  i:  R  E  F  0  L I  U  M 


ANTICOMMA 


Antmhax  Pulmoxuv,  Necropnenmonia. 

9RIBC1  -  I  BREFOLIUM,  Scandix  ee- 
refuliam — a.  Humilia,  ChsBropbyllnm    Bylvestre 
— ;i.  Procerus,  Chsrophyllum  Bylvestre. 
ANTHROPE,  Cutis.  " 

ANTHROP1  VT'IIk'A  (MEDICINA),  from 
,  'man/  and  lurpoi,  'a  physician.'     Me- 
applied    to    man,    in    contradistinction    to 
uniii: 

.  HROPOCHEMIA,  Chymiatry  (human). 
HROPOCHYMY,  Chymiatry  (human), 
AN  rHROPOGBN'IA,    Anthropogen'eaie,    A"~ 
in'thropy,  from  avvptawos,  'man/ 
and  yartwts,  'generation.'   The  knowledge,  orstudy, 
or  phenomena  of  buman  generation. 

A.N  T  H  RO  POG'RAPHY,  An«Aropoyra»A'ui, 
from   iuiJuu)-oi,  'man.'  and  ypa<pt).  'a  description.' 

Antbr  lescription  of  the  human  body. 

AN'THROPOID,  AiKAropot'des,  from  avBpunos, 
'  man.'  and  uios, '  resemblance.'  Resembling  man : 
— as  thi 

ANTHROPOL'ITHUS,  from  avflpwrros,  'man/ 
and  Aitfo?,  'a  stone.'  The  petrifaction  of  the 
human  body  or  of  any  id'  its  parts.  Morbid  con- 
cretion* in  the  human  body. 

l  HROPO  L'O  QY,Anthropolog"iatftom 
fivc-pWTos,  'man,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
■  on  man.  By  some,  this  word  is  used  for 
the  science  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  the 
human  body.  Frequently,  it  is  employed  synony- 
mously with  Natural  History  and  Physiology  of 

'  ANTHBOPOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism, 
animal. 

ANTHROPOMANCY,  Anthropomanti'a,  from 
•  ->-,  'a  man."  and  pamia,  'divination.'      Di- 
vination by  inspecting  the  entrails  of  a  dead  man. 
ANTHROPOM'ETRY,  from  u^wtoj.  'a  man.' 
and  ficrpov,  'measure.'     Measurement  of  the  di- 
mensions of  the  different  parts  of  the  human  body. 
DHROPOMOBPHOLOGY,    Anatomy  (de- 
scriptive). 

BROPOMORPHUS,  Atropa  mandragora. 
ANTHROPON'OMY,    Anthroponotn'ia,    from 
aicnuj-oi,  'man,'  and  vo/ioj,  'law.'      A   kno 
of  the  Bpecial   laws  which  preside  over  the  func- 
tion- of  the  human  body  in  action. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGUS,  P.)  Anikropophage, 
from  aiSoojToy,  'a  man,'  and  0ayc»,  'I  eat.'  A 
name  given  to  one  who  eats  his  own  species. 

ANTHROPOPH'  IQY,  Anthropopha'gia,  same 
etymon.      The  custom  of  eating  human  tlesh.     A 
in  which  there  is  great  desire  to  eat  it. 
ANTHROPOS,  Homo.' 
ANTHROPOSCOPIA,  Physiognomy. 
A N T HRO P( >TOMY,  Andranatomia. 
ANTHUS,  Plos. 

ANT  1 1  V  PNOriC,    Anthypnot'icue,   Antihyp- 
Agrypnotfic,    from    avn,    'against,'   and 
itnpefj  ing.'     A  remedy  for  stupor. 
ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,    Anthypochondri'- 
iii  mn,  'against,' and  'v-o^ov6riaKog,  'hy- 
pochondriac'    A  remedy  for  hypochondriasis. 
\N  CHYSTER'IC,   Antihytter'ic,    Antihytter'- 
in  -Jin.   'against,'  and  'vonoa,  'the  ute- 
I  remedy  for  hysteria. 
ANIL  ,irn,  as  a  prefix,  in  composition,  gene- 
rally means  'opposition.1 
AN  II  tf)ES,  Tonsils. 
AN  l  [ADITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
AN  11  \  1  > « > n  i  i  B,  from  avriala,  'the  tonsils.' 
and  oyKOi,  'tumour.'      A  f  the  tonsils. 

— Swediaur.     Anti'ager  ha-  a  similar  meaning. 

Ami  LDONC1  B  I  mi.am.ma  iuun  S,  Cj  nan eh r  ton- 
sillaris. 

A  N  1  I  A  IMjpLEC'TIC,  Antiapopl, 

tieue,  Apoplec'ticu*,  from  am,  'against,' 
and  utot)^ici,  'apoplexy.'  A  remedy  lor  apo- 
plexy. 


ANTIARIS  TOXIC  Mil  \.  see  CTpaa. 

riARTHRIT'IC,     AntarthnYie,     Antiar. 

thrit'iciix,    Antipodagfric,    from    avn,    'against,' 
and  apSpins.    'the  gout,'    (F.)  Antigouttt 
remedy  for  -out. 

AN  CIASTHBN'IC,  Antiatthen'icm,  from  avn. 
'against,'  and  aoQivua,  'debility.1  A  remedy  for 
debility. 

AN  II  LSTHMAT'IC,  Antiasthmatic**,  Ant- 
asthmat'icue,  from  avn,  'against,1  and  aoS/jia, 
•asthma.'      A  remedy  for  asthma. 

AN  II  LTROPHICUS,  Autotrophic, 
will:  ILL0MEN1  M,  Buocedaneum. 

ANTIBDELLA,  Antlia  sanguisu 
LNTIBECHIC1  8,  Expectorant 

A  N  T  I  1'.  R  A'CH  I  A  L.  Antibrachia'lie.  That 
which  concerns  the  fore-arm. — Uichat.  .1.  Clo- 
quet  Suggests  that  the  word  should  he  written  an- 
tebrachial, from  ante,  'before.'  and  brachium, 
'the  arm' — as  antebrachial  region,  antebrachial 
aponeurosis,  <fec. 

Awtbbra'chial  Aponetro'sis,  (F.)  Aponftf- 
Mibraehiale,  is  a  portion  of  the  aponeurotic 
sheath  which  envelops  the  whole  of  the  upper 
limb.  It  arises  from  the  brachial  aponeurosis, 
from  ;i  fibrous  expansion  of  the  tendon  of  the 
biceps  muscle,  front  the  epioondyle,  epitrocblea, 
and,  behind,  from  the  tendon  of 'the  triceps  bra- 
chials. Within,  it  is  inserted  into  the  cubitus. 
etc:  and,  below,  is  confounded  with  the  two  an- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus.  It  is  cov<  red  by 
the  skin,  by  veins,  lymphatics,  and  by  filaments 
of  superficial  nerves  ;  it  covers  the  muscles  of  the 
fore-arm,  adheres  to  them,  and  sends  between 
them  several  fibrous  septa,  which  serve  them  for 
points  of  insertion. 

ANTIBRACIHUM,  Fore-arm. 

ANTIBRO'MIC,  An«t6ro'»tcus>  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  Ppw/iog,  'foetor.'  A  Bco'dorizer. 
An  agent  that  destroys  offensive  odours  — as 
chloride  of  zinc,  simple  sulphate  of  alumina.  ,v.-. 

AN  TICACHEC'TTC,  Anticachec'ticue,  Antica- 
cochym'ic,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  Ka^ia,  'ca- 
chexy.'    A  remedy  against  cachexy. 

ANTICACOCHYMIO,  Antieachectic. 

AXTK'AX'CEROUS,  Anticancero'nu,  AnH- 
eancro'sus,  Anticareinom'atous,  Antiachir'roue, 
from  inn,  'against,  ami  KapKivwfta,  'cancer,'  car- 
cinoma.    Opposed  to  cancer. 

ANTie  LNCROSUS,  Anticanceroue. 

ANTICARCINOMATOUS,  Anticancers. 

ANTICARDITJM,  FossetU  du  eatur,  Serobicu- 
lus  cordis. 

ANTICATAR'RIIAL,  Antioatarrha'lis,  Anti- 
catarrho'ictu,  from  avn,  'against.'  and  Karappof, 
'catarrh.'     A  remedy  for  catarrh. 

ANTICAUSOD'IC,  Anttcatuofic,  Antieau- 
eod'icuB,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  icavoos,  'a  burn- 
ing fever.'  A  remedy  for  causus  or  inflammatory 
fever. 

ANTICAUSOTIC,  Lnticausodic 

ANTICHEIR,  Pollex,  see  I)i 

ANTICIKERADICUS,  A nti scrofulous. 

ANTICHOL'ERIC,  Anticholer'icus,  from  am, 
'against,' and  cholera.  A  remedy  against  cho- 
lera. 

A.NTICIIOLERICA,  Sophora  beptapbylla. 

ANTICIPATING,  Antic"ipans,  Ante] 
Prolept'icu*,  (P.)  Anticipant.     An  epithet 
periodica]  phenomenon,  recurring  at   pro 
ively  shorter   interval-.     An   anticipating  inter- 
mittent IS  one  iii  which  the'  interval.-  between  the 
parox  \  -in-  beoome  progri  ssiv(  1 1 

ANTICNEMIUM,  Shin. 

AXTH  <i:i  /,'.  Scrobioulue  cordis. 

AN'ITCOL'IC,  Anticol'icue,  from  am,  'against,' 
and  ku>\ikos,  'the  colic.'     That  which  is  opposed 

to  colic. 

ANTICOMMA,  Contre-ooup. 


ANTICOPE 


72 


ANTIMOINE 


AXTICOPE,  Contre-coup. 

AXTICOPOSCOPIUM,  Pleximeter. 

AXTICRUSIS,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICRUSMA,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICUS,  Anterior. 

ANTIDA  R  THE UX,  Antiberpetic. 

AXTIDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

AXTIDIARRHCE'IC,  Antidiarrhoe'icus.  A 
remedy  for  diarrhoea.     Opposed  to  diarrhoea. 

ANTIB'INIC,  Antidin'icus,  Din'ic,  Diu'icus, 
fvomavTi,  '  against/  and  Stvos,  'vertigo.'  Opposed 
to  vertigo. 

AN'TIBOTAL,  Antidota'lis,  same  etymon  as 
antidote.  Relating  to  an  antidote;  possessed  of 
the  powers  of  an  antidote. 

ANTIBOTA'RIUM,  from  avnhorov,  'an  anti- 
dote.' A  dispensatory.  A  pharmacopoeia  or  for- 
mulary. Ax'tidotary  was  used  formerly  for  any 
composition  that  had  the  properties  of  an  anti- 
dote. 

ANTIBOTARY,  see  Antidotarium. 

ANTIDOTE,  Antid'ot urn,  from  avn,  'against, 
and  <3«5w/u,  'I  give.'  Originally,  this  word  signi- 
fied an  internal  remedy.  It  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  counter-poison,  antiphar'macum,  (F.) 
Contre-poison,  and  signifies  any  remedy  capable 
of  combating  the  effect  of  poison. 

A  List  of  reputed  Antidotes. 


1.  Metals. 
Iron  Filings. 
Zinc  Filings. 

2.  Acids. 
Tannic  Acid. 
Acetic  or  Citric  Acid. 

3.  Salts. 
Alkaline   or    Earthy  Sul- 
phates. 

Chloride  of  Sodium. 
Hypochlorite  of  Soda   or 
of  Lime. 

4.  Alkalixes. 
Ammonia. 

Carbonates  of  Ammonia. 
Carbonates  of  Soda. 
Masnesia. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia- 
Lime  Water. 


Chalk. 
Soap. 

5.  Sllphcrets. 
Sulphuretted    Hydrogen, 

dissolved  in  water. 
Sulphuret  of  Potassium. 

6.  Haloids. 
Chlorine. 

7.  Metallic  Oxides. 
Hydrated  Sesqui-oxide  of 

Iron. 
Mixed  Oxides  of  Iron. 

8.  Organic  Substances. 
Albuminous     Substances, 

(Albumen,  Casein,   and 

Gluten.) 
Starch. 
Oil. 


Animal  Charcoal. 


ANTLDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar- 
macos — a.  Mithridatium,  Mithridate. 

ANTIDYNAMTCA,  Debilitants. 

ANTLDYNOUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTIDYSENTER'IC,  Antidysenter'icus,  from 
7.vti,  'against,'  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  evrepov, 
'intestine.'     Opposed  to  dysentery. 

AN  TIE  MB  T'l  C,  Antemet'ic,  Antiemet'icus, 
from  avn,  'against,'  and  tnzTiKos,  'emetic'  A 
remedv  for  vomiting. 

ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  AXTEPHIAL'TIC, 
Antipphial'ticus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  z^iaXrns, 
'  nightmare.'     A  remedy  for  nightmare. 

AXTIEPILEP'TIC  or  AXTEPILEP'TIO, 
Antiepilep'ticus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  em- 
\ndia,  'epilepsy.'     A  remedy  for  epilepsy. 

ANTIFEBRILES,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIGALACTIC,  Antiyalac'ticus,  Antilac'- 
teus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  ya\a,  yaXaicTog, 
'milk.'  (F.)  Antilaiteux.  Opposed  to  the  secre- 
tion of  milk   or  to  diseases  caused  by  the  milk. 

ANTIG'OXI  COLLYR'IUM  NIGRUM,  Black 
collyrium  of  Axtig'oxus.  It  was  composed  of 
cadmia,  antimony,  pepper,  verdigris,  gum  Arabic, 
and  water. 

ANTIGUA,  see  West  Indies. 

AXTIHLEMOPTYICUS,  Anthaamoptyicus. 

AXTIHEC'TIC,  Antihec'ticus,  Anthec'ticus, 
from  avn,  'against/  and  '*:£<?,  '  habit  of  body.' 


The  Antihec'ticum  Pote'rii  is  the  white  oxyd  of 
antimony;  also  called  Biaphoret'icum  Jociu'le. 

ANTIHELIX,  Anthelix. 

AXTIHELMIXTICUS,  Anthelmintic. 
_  ANTIHEMORRHAG'TC,  Antihaimorrhag" '- 
icu8,  Anth(Bmorrhag"icus,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  'aipoppuyia,  'hemorrhage.'  That  which  is 
against  hemorrhage;  an  antihemorrhagic  re- 
medy. 

AXTIHEMORRHOID'AL,A/if/7^wo?-r7(oV^«'- 
lis,  from  avn,  'against/  and  'ai/xoppoices,  'hemor- 
rhoids.'    A  remedy  for  hemorrhoids. 

AXTIHERPET'IC,  Antiherpet'ivus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  'ep-es,  'herpes.'  (F.)  Antidartreux. 
A  remedy  for  herpes. 

ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  Antihydrophob'icus, 
Antilys'sus,  Alys'sus,  from  avn,  'against/  'vSup, 
'water/  and  >po(ios,  'dread.'  A  remedy  for  hydro- 
phobia. 

AXTIHYDROPTC,  Antihydrop'icus,  Hydrop'- 
icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  evSpu)\p, '  dropsy.'  A 
remedy  for  dropsy. 

AXTIHYPXOTIC,  Anthvpnotic. 

AXTIHYSTERIC,  Anthysteric. 

ANTI-ICTERIC,  Anti-icter'icus,  Icter'icus, 
from  avn,  i  against/  and  innpos,  'jaundice.'  A 
remedy  for  jaundice. 

AXTI-IaIPETIGEXES,  SOLOAIOX'S,  see 
Liquor  Hydrar^yri  oxymuriatis. 

AXTILABIUM,  Prolabium,  see  Antolabia. 

ANTILACTEUS,  Antigalactic. 

ANTILAITEUX,  Antigalactic. 

AXTILEP'SIS,  Appreheu'sio,  from  avn\a/x- 
i3acw,  '  I  take  hold  of.'  The  mode  of  attaching  a 
bandage  over  a  diseased  part,  by  fixing  it  upon 
the  sound  part?. — Hippocrates.  The  mode  of 
securing  bandages,  &c,  from  slipping.  Treat- 
ment by  revulsion  or  derivation. 

AXflLETHAR'GIC,  AntiletJwr'f/icus,  from 
avn,  'against/  and  XijdapyiKos,  'affected  with 
lethargy.'     A  remedy  for  lethargy. 

ANTILITH'ICS,  Antilith'ica,  Lith'ica,  from 
avn,  'against/ and  At0o?,  'a  stone.'  A  substance 
that  prevents  the  formation  of  calculi  in  the  uri- 
nary organs. 

The  chief  antilithics — according  as  the  calculi 
are  lithic  acid  or  phosphatic  —  are  alkalies  or 
acids ;  with  revellents,  especially  change  of  air ; 
tonics,  as  diosma  crenata  [?],  and  uva  ursi  [?]. 

AXTILLY,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  French  medicinal  spring,  near  Meaux, 
in  France.  The  waters  have  not  been  analyzed; 
but  astonishing  and  chimerical  effects  have  been 
ascribed  to  them. 

AXTILOBIUM,  Antitragus,  Tragus. 

AXTILOI'AIIC,  Antiloi' miens,  Antiloe'mic,  An- 
tipestilentia'lis,  from  avn,  '  against/  and  Xoipos, 
'the  plasue.'     A  remedy  for  the  plague. 

AXTILO'PUS.  The  An' telope.  (F.)  Gazelle, 
from  avQoi,  'a  flower,'  and  w\p,  'the  eye'  —  so 
called  from  its  beautiful  eye.  An  African  animal, 
whose  hoofs  and  horns  were  formerly  given  in 
hysteric  and  epileptic  cases. 

AXTILYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC,  Antimclancnol'icus, 
from  avn,  'against/  and  /xcXay^oXia,  'melan- 
cholv.'     A  remedy  for  melancholy. 

AXTIaIEPHIT'IC,  Antimephit'icus,  from  avn, 
'against/  and  mepliitic.  A  remedy  against  me- 
phitic  or  deleterious  gases. 

ANTIMIASMAT'IC,  Antimiasmat'icus,  from 
avn,  'against/  and  piaapta,  piaapiarog,  'miasma.' 
A  remedy  against  miasmatic  affections. 

ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium  —  a.  Beurre  d\ 
Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Chlorure  d',  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxide  d',  Algaroth — a.  Oxide 
blanc  d',  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  Soufre 
dore  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  pra?cipitatum  — 
a.  Sulfure  d',  Antimonium — o.  Sulfure,  liydrosul- 


A XTIM 0 X  I  A L 


ANTIMONIUM 


phure  rouge  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 
— a.  Verre  >(',  Antimonii  vitrum. 

ANTIMO'Nl  VL, Antinonia' li$,Stibia'li;  from 
antimonium,  'antimony.'  A  composition  into 
which  antimony  enters.  A  preparation  of  anti- 
mony. 

Am  imo'ni  vi.  Powdeb,  Pulria  antimonia'lis, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  cum  phot'phati  calcia,  Phos- 
pkaa  ealcis  ttibia1tus  sen  cal'cicum  ttibia'tum, 
Pul'vit  -■  a  ttibia'tus  sou  dephos'phate 

■  i  ttib'ii  eompositue,  Factitious  James's 
-,  Schwanbbbq's  Fever  Powder,  Chene- 
VTX's  Antitnonial  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  antimo- 
mpoeie  ou  dt  James.  A  peroxide  of  an- 
timony combined  with  phosphate  of  lime.  (Take 
of  common  tulphurei  of  antimony,  thj  ;  hartehorn 
thavingt,  Ibij.  Roast  in  an  iron  pot,  until  they 
form  a  irra v  powder.  Put  this  into  a  l< 
with  a  small  hole  in  the  cover.  Keep  it  in  a  red 
heat  for  two  hours,  and  grind  to  a  fine  powder.) 
This  preparation  has  long  been  esteemed  as  a 
febrifuge:  but  it  is  extremely  uncertain  in  its 
action.     The  ordinary  dose  is  6  or  8  grains. 

ANTIMONIALE  CAUSTICUM,  Antimonium 
muriatum. 

ANTIMONIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  prmcipitatum —  a.  Tartar,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum*. 

ANTIMONII  BUTTRUM,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Calx.  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a. 
1  i,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  et  Po- 

tasssa  tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a.  Mu- 
rias.  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Oleum,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxydulum  hydrosulphuratum 
aurantiacum,  Antimonii  Bulphuretum  prsecipita- 
tum — a.  Oxydum,  see  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum  auni- 
tum.  Antimonii  sulphuratum  prsscipitatum  —  a. 
Oxydum  nitro-muriaticum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum 
cum  Bulphure  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum  —  a. 
Oxydum  sulphuretum  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vi- 
trum— a.  Oxysulphuretum,  A.  sulphuretum  praeci- 
pitatum — a.  Potassio-tartras,  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum— a.  Regulus  medicinalis,  Antimonium  me- 
dicinale  —  a.  Sal,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  a. 
Sulphur  auratum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  pr»- 
eipitatum  —  a.  Sulphur  praecipitatum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  praecipitatum —  a.  Sulphuretum, 
Antimonium. 

Antimo'nii  Sdxphube'tum  Pb^CIPITA'tum, 
Sulphur  antimonia'tum,  Hydroaulphure'tum  ati- 
bio'aum  cum  tul'phure,  Oxo'des  ttib'ii  tulphura'- 
tum,  0.ri/(l'  ul it  in  antimo'nii  hydrosnlphura'tum 
auranti'acum,  Ox'ydum  aura' turn  antimo'nii,  Sul- 
phiire'liim  ttib'ii  oxydula'ti,  Hydro-eulf are' turn 
In'/,  urn  o.r' i/ili  atib'ii  tulfura'ti,  Sulphur  antimo'- 
nii prcsdpita'tum,  Sulphur  aura' turn  antimo'nii, 
Golden  Sulphur  of  Antimony. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphur e' turn  Praecipitatum,  A.Ocy- 
tnlphuretnm,  (P.J  Sou/re  dori  d'Antimoine,  of  the 
Lou. Ion  Pharmacopoeia,  is  nearly  the  same  as  the 
ol  1  Kerme*  or  Chermet  Mineral.  It  is  a  powder 
of  an  orange  colour,  of  a  metallic,  styptic  taste. 
It  is  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  cathartic,  according 
to  the  dose;  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  and  in  cutaneous  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  [t. 

Antimonii  Sulphuretum  Praecipitatum,  of  the 
i  is  Pharmacopoeia,  is  made  by  boiling 

r  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  in  fine  powder. 
Solution  of  Potatta,  and  distilled  water  ;  strain- 
ing the  liquor  while  hot,  and  dropping  into  it 
Diluted  Sulphuric  Acid  so  long  as  it  produces  a 
precipitate. 

Antimo'nii  SulPHUBE'tuM  RuBBtTM,J?ed  Sul'- 
phuret  of  Antimony,  Hydroeulfure'tum  ttib'ii 
rubrum,  Sub-hydrosul'fas  ttib'ii,  Hydro- tulphun  '- 
turn  rubrum  ttib'ii  tulphura'ti,  Pulvit  Carthusia- 
iio'ritiii,  Kermet  or  Chermet  mineral,  (P.J  Hydro- 
sulfure  rouge  d'Antimoine  tulfuri,   Vermilion  de 


ce.    Properties  the  same  as  the  last.   Dose, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  It. 

An  riMONii  TaBTBAS,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Tartras  el  Potasssa,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Vitrum  byacinthinnm,  Antimonii  vitrum — a. 
Tersulphuretum,  Antimonium. 

Antimo'nii  Vitbum,  Glass  of  Antimony,  Anti- 
mo'nii ox'ydum  tulphure'tum  vitrifac'tnm,  Ox'- 
ydum ttib'ii  xt  in  i  rit' ri  a  hi.  Antimo'nium  vitrifac'- 
tiim,  Ox'ydum  antimo'nii  cum  tul'phure  vitrifac'- 
tuiu,  ]~itruni  ttib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum  A 
thinum,  Oxyd'ulum  atib'ii  vitrea'tum,  I 
d'Aiitiimiiin .  (Formed  by  roasting  powdered 
common  antimony  in  a  shallow  vessel,  over  a 
gentle  fire,  till  it  is  of  a  whitish  -ray  colour,  and 
emits  DO  fumes  in  a  red  heat  ;  then  melting  it.  on 
a  quick  fire,  into  a  clean,  brownish  red  glass.) 
It  has  been  used  for  preparing  the  tartarized 
antimony  and  antitnonial  wine. 

ANTIMONIOUS  ACID,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

ANTIMO'NIUM,  of  unknown  derivation;  by 
some  supposed  to  be  from  am,  'against,'  and 
povos,  'alone;'  i.  e.  not  found  alone:  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and  n 
monk;'  because,  it  is  asserted,  certain  monks 
Buffered  much  from  it.  Stibi,  Stib'ium,  Reg'ulus 
Antimo'nii,  Minera'lium,  Gynesce'um,  Ma 
Satur'ni,  Marcati'ta  plum'bea,  Platyophthal'mon, 
Stim'mi,  Aurum  lepro'sum,  Antimo'nium  crudum, 
Antimo'nii  tulphure'tum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  A.  Tersul- 
phure'tum,  Sulphure'tum  atib'ii  nigrum,  C 
or  Crude  Antimony,  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  (F.) 
Antimoine,  Sulfure  d'Antimoine.  Sulphuret  of 
antimony  is  the  ore  from  which  all  the  prepara- 
tions of  antimony  are  formed.  In  Pharmacy,  it 
is  the  native  sesquisulphuret  of  antimony,  puri- 
fied by  fusion.  When  prepared  for  medical  use, 
by  trituration  and  levigation,  it  forms  a  powder, 
Antimo'nii  tulphure'tum  prapara'tum,  (Ph.  D.) 
of  a  black,  or  bluish  gray  colour,  which  is  inso- 
luble. It  is  slightly  diaphoretic  and  alterative, 
and  has  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  cuta- 
neous diseases,  <tc. 

Antimonium  Album,  Bismuth — a.  Calcinatum, 
Antimonium  diaphoreticum. 

Antimo'nii-m  Diapbobbt'icttm,  Diaph 
Antimony,  Antimo'nious  Acid,  Min'eral  li>  . 
Antimo'nium  Oalcina'tum,  Mineral  Diaphoretic, 
Matiire  perlie  de  Kbbkbing,  Peroxide  of  Anti- 
mony, Calx  Antimo'nii,  Antimo'nium  diaphoret'- 
icuni  latum,  Cerus'sa  Antimo'nii,  Calx  Antimo'nii 
elo'ta,  Oxo'des  xtih'ii  album,  Ox'ydum ttibio'tum, 
Ox'ydum  atib'ii  album  median'ti  vitro  con 
Potassa  biantimo'niat,  Deutoxide  of  Antimony, 
(F.)  O.cide  llaiic  d'Antimoine  pripari  j.o,-  fa 
moyen  du  nitre,  [Common  antimony,  Ibjj  purified 
nitre,  tbiij. — Throw  it  by  Bpoonfuls into  a  red-hot 
crucible:  powder  and  wash.  The  flowers  that 
stick  to  the  side  of  the  crucible  must  be  carefully 
Beparated,  otherwise  they  render  it  emetic.) 
Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

ANTIMONIUM  Bmbticum,  A.  tartarizatum. 

Antimo'nium  Mrdicina'lr,  Reg'ulus  Antimo'- 
nii Medicina'lis,   Medic"inal   Reg'nlut  <■ 
mom/.     (Antimon.    tulphur.  It    Potass, 
t^i  Sodii  chlorid.  jjjiv.     Powder,  mix.  and  melt, 
when  cold,  separate  the  soorise  at  top,  | 

the  mass,  and  wa.-h  it  well.)      It    is   conceived    to 
be  more  active  than  common  antin. 

Amimo'niim  Muria'tum,  Antimo'nii  Mu'riat, 
Chlor'uret  of  An'timony,  Chlorure'tum  ttib'ii, 
Spuma  trium  draeo'num,  l><  uto-mvrias  ttib'ii 
tublima'tus,  Butter  of  Antimonii,  Muriatt  of  An- 
timony, Ohloridi  of  Antimony,  Bitty'rum  Antimo'- 
ttib'ii,  O'letim  Antimo'nii,  Cavt'ticum  anti- 
monia'li,  Antimonium  tali'tum,  (P.)  Chlorvre 
d'Antimoine,  Beurre  d'Antimoine.     (Common  an- 


A  X  T 1  M  0  X  Y 


4 


AXTIPHYSICAL 


timony  and  corrosive  sublimate,   of  each   equal 
parts  :  grind  together,  and  distil  in  a  wide-necked  ; 
retort,  and  let  the  butyraceous  matter,  that  comes 
over,  run,  in  a  moist  place,  to  a  liquid  oil.)     A  i 
caustic,  but  not  much  used  as  such.     Sometimes 
taken  as  poison. 

Ahtimokidm  Sai.iti  m.  Antimonium  muriatum. 

AvnMo'NirM  Tartaiuza'tlm.  Tartraa  anti- 
mo'rtii,  Tartraa  Autimo'nii  et  Potas*ce,  Antimo'- 
vii  et  Potassce  Tartraa  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Antimo'nii 
potaa'aio-tartraa,  Tartria  Antimo'nii,  Tartar  An- 
ti mania' turn,  Sal  Antimo'nii,  Tartraa  Potas'scB 
atibio'atta  seu  atibia'lia,  Tartria  lixiv'iat  stibia'tus, 
Deato-tartrafi  potas'sce  et  stib'ii.  Tar' tarns  emet'- 
icus  seu  stibia'tus,  Tar'tarum  emet'icum,  Antino'- 
nium  emet'icum,  Tar'tart'zed  An' timony,  Tartrate 
of  Antimony  and  potas'sa,  Potasaio-tarfrate  of 
Antimony.  Emet'ic  Tartar,  Tartar  Emetic,  (F.) 
Tartre  stibie,  Tartre  Emetique,  Emetique;  in\ 
some  parts  of  the  United  States,  vulgarly  and 
improperly  called  Tartar:  (Made  by  digesting 
sidphuret  of  antimony  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and 
muriatic  acids  with  the  aid  of  heat;  filtering  the 
liquor,  and  pouring  it  into  water:  freeing  the  |i 
precipitate  from  acid,  by  washing  and  drying  it: 
adding  this  powder  to  bitartrate  of  potassa  in 
boiling  distilled  water;  boiling  for  an  hour,  and 
after  filtering  the  liquor  while  hot.  setting  it 
aside  to  crystallize. — Ph.  IT.  S.)  Tartarized  an- 
timony is  emetic,  sometimes  cathartic  and  dia- 
phoretic. Externally,  it  is  rubefacient,  and  in 
the  form  of  ointment,  more  especially  unguent  urn 
anti'monii  is  used  to  cause  pustulatiou.  Dose,"  as 
an  emetic,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iv  in  solution:  as  a  dia- 
phoretic, gr.  one-sixteenth  to  gr.  one-quarter. 

The  empirical  preparation,  called  Norris's 
Drops,  consists  of  a  solution  of  tartarized  anti- 
mony in  rectified  spirit,  disguised  by  the  addi- 
tion of  some  vegetable  colouring  matter. 

Antim  OSTIUM  Yitrifactum.  Antiuionii  vitrum. 

ANTIMONY.  Antimonium  — a.  Butter  of, 
Antimonium  muriatum  —  a.  Chloride  of,  Anti- 
monium muriatum  —  a.  Chloruret  of,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum  —  a.  Common,  Antimonium  — 
a.  Crude,  Antimonium  —  a.  Deutoxide  of,  Anti- j 
monium  diaphoreticum — a.  Flowers  of,  Alga- 
roth — a.  Glass  of,  Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Golden 
sulphur  of,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praacipitatum  j 
— a.  Medicinal  regulus  of,  Antimonium  medici- 
nale — a.  Muriate  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — a. 
Peroxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  —  a. 
Potassio-tartrate  of,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — 
a.  Sulphuret  of,  red.  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — a.  Tartarized.  Antimonium  tartarizatum — 
a.  Terchloride  of,  see  Algaroth  —  a.  Teroxide  of, 
see  Algaroth — a.  Yegetable,  Eupatorium  perfoli- 
atum. 

Antimont  axd  Potassa,  Tartrate  of,  Anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 

AXTIXEPHRIT'IC,  Antinephret'ic,  Antine- 
phret'icua,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  vtcppins,  'ne- 
phritis.' Aremedy  for  inflammation  of  the  kidney. 

AXTIXEUROPATHIC,  Xervine. 

ANTINEUROTIC,  Xervine. 

AXTIXIAD,  see  Antinial. 

AXTIXTAL,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  iviov, 
'  the  ridge  of  the  occiput.'  An  epithet  for  an 
aspect  towards  the  side  opposite  to  the  inion,  or 
ridge  of  the  occiput. — Barclay.  Antiniad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  antinial  aspect.' 

AXTI'OCIII  II  PER  A.  A  preparation  ex- 
tolled by  the  ancients  in  melancholy,  hydropho- 
bia, epilepsy,  etc.  It  was  formed  of  germander, 
agaric,  pulp  of  colocynth.  Arabian  stoechas,  opo- 
ponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristolochia,  white 
pepper,  cinnamon,  lavender,  myrrh,  honey.  <fcc 

Axtiochi  TheriacA.  A  theriac  employ.  1  by 
Antiochus  against  every  kind  of  poison.     It  was 


composed  of  thyme,  opoponax,  millet,  trefoil, 
fennel,  aniseed,  nigella  sativa,  &c. 

AXTIODOXTAL'GIC,  Antodontal'gic,  Anto- 
dontaVgicus,  Odontalgic,  Odont'ic,  Antiodontal'- 
gicus,  from  avn  '  against,'  and  o&ovTa\yia,  '  tooth- 
ache.'    A  remedy  for  toothache. 

AXTIORGAS'TIC,  Antiorgae'tieua,  from  avn, 
'against,' and  opyau),  'I  desire  vehemently.'  A 
remedy  for  orgasm  or  erethism,  and  for  irritation 
in  general. 

AXTIPARALYT'IC,  Antijmralyt'icus,  from 
avri.  'against,'  and  -apaXvats,  'palsy.'  Opposed 
to  palsv. 

ANTIPARASITIC,  Antiparasit'icus,  Anti- 
phtheiriacus,  Phthi' rius,  Parasit'icide ;  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  -apaotros,  'a  parasite.'  An  agent 
that  destroys  parasites,  as  the  different  vermin 
that  infest  the  body.  The  chief  antiparasitics 
are  CoccuJus,  Staph isagria,  Veratrum  album,  and 
certain  of  the  mercurial  preparations. 

AXTIPARASTATI'TIS,  from  avn,  'opposite/ 
and  TrapauTaTiji,  '  the  epididymis  :'  also,  '  the  pros- 
tate.' and  ftt»,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  Cowper's  glands. 

AXTIPATHI'A,  from  avn.  'against,'  and  zaOog, 
'passion,  affection.'  Aversion.  A  natural  re- 
pugnance to  anv  person  or  thing. 

AXTIPATH'IC,  Antipath'icus,  (F.)  Antipa- 
thique.  Belonging  to  antipathy.  Opposite,  con- 
trary.— -as  humeurs  anfipathiques;  humours  op- 
posed to  each  other.     Also,  palliatives. 

AXTIP'ATRI  THERIACA,  Theriac  of  Ax- 
tip'ater.  A  farrago  of  more  than  40  articles  : 
used  as  an  antidote  against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ANTIPERlOD'ICr  Antiperiod'icus,  Antityp'- 
icus,  from  avn.  'against,'  and  -rrcpiotios,  'period.' 
A  remedy  which  possesses  the  power  of  arresting 
morbid  periodical  movements  ; — e.  g.  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  in  intermittents. 

AXTIPERISTAL'TIC,  Antiperistal'ticus.  An- 
tirermic'ular,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  xcciotcWu), 
'  I  contract.'  An  inverted  action  of  the  intestinal 
tube. 

AXTIPERI3'TASIS,from  avri,  'against,' and 
jTtpicTaarig,  'reunion,  aggregation.'  A  union  of 
opposite  circumstances  :  the  action  of  two  con- 
trary qualities,  one  of  which  augments  the  force 
of  the  other.  The  peripateticians  asserted,  that 
it  is  by  Antiperistasis,  that  fire  is  hotter  in  winter 
than  in  summer.  Theophrastus  attributes  the 
cause,  which  renders  man  more  vigorous,  and 
makes  him  digest  more  readily  in  winter,  to  the 
augmentation  of  heat  caused  by  Antiperistasis. 

AXTIPER'XIUS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
Pernio,  'a  chilblain.'  A  remedy  against  chil- 
blains:— as  Ungnen'tum  antiper'nium,  an  oint- 
ment for  chilblains. 

AXTIPERTUSSIS,  see  Zinci  sulphas. 

AXTIPESTILEXTIALIS,  Antiloimic. 

ANTIPHARMACUS.  Alexipharmic. 

AXTIPHLOGIS'TIC,  Antiphlogis'ticus,  Phlo- 
go'gus,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  0A£ya>,  '  I  burn.' 
Opposed  to  inflammation;  as  Antiphlogistic  re- 
medies, A.  reqimen,  &c 

AXTIPHTHEIRIACA,  Antiphthiriaca,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  (pSttpiaw,  'I  am  lousy.'  A 
remedy  used  to  destrov  lice. 

AXTIPHTHISTCAL,  Antiphthis'icns,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  (j>$kjis,  'consumption.'  Op- 
posed to  phthisis. 

AXTIPHYSETICS,  Carminatives. 

AXTIPHYSICA,  Carminatives. 

AXTIPHYS'ICAL,  Antiphys'icus,  from    avn, 

•  against,' and  <pv<rau,  'I  blow.'  An  expeller  of 
wind  :  a  carminative. 

It  has  also  been  used  for  any  thing  preterna- 
tural ;  here,  the  derivation  is  from  avn,  '  against,' 
and  (pvcts,  'nature.'     The  French  sometimes  say, 

•  Un  gout  antiphysique,'  'an  unnatural  taste.' 


A  N  T  I  ?  L  A  a  r  I  C 


ANT  R 0 M 


ANTNTPLAS'TIC,    J  Hilyt'ie, 

PtattHi/t'icus,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  r>tiart«:of, 

'formative.'  Antiformative,  An  agent  that 
diminishes  the  quantity  of  plastic  matter — fibrin 
— in  the  bl 

AXTIPLKrUIT'IC.  Antij.lsuret'icu*,  Antl- 
pJeitret'ir.    from    aire.    •  against/    and    irXevpms, 

4  plem  ■  pleurisy. 

AN  riPNEUMON'IC,  Autism  union' icm,  from 
airi,  'against/  and  rrvcvfiuvia,  'disease  or  inflam- 
mation of  the  Inn,'-.'     A  remedy  for  disx 
inflammation  of  the  In: 

[POD  LGRIC,  Antiarthritic. 
ANTIPRAX'IS,    from    urn,    'against,'    and 
rpaacu),  '  I    act.'     A  contrary  state    of    different 
part.-   in   the   same  patient  :   8.  g.  an   increase  of 
lieat  in  one  organ,  and  diminution  in  another. 

ANTIPSOR'IC,  Antipeo'  fens,  Antieea'bioue, 
from  mm,  'against,'  and  ^w,/<i.  'the  itch.'  (F.) 
Antign  '  i  the  itch. 

A  \  CIPUTRID,  Antiseptic. 
A.N  riPY'IO,  Antipy'ieme,  from  a\Ti,  'against,' 

:.  'pus.'     Opposed  to  suppuration. 
ANTIPYRETIC,  Febrifuge. 
AN  riPYROT  I  >'ieu«,    from    avn, 

'against,'  and  -m,  'tire.'     Opposed  to  burns  or 
-  -. 
ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Antiquar'tium.    A 
remedy  formerly  used  against  quartan  fever. 
AN  riQUUS,  Chi 

ANTIRHACHIT'IC,  Antirkaekit'ieut,  from 
nirt.  'against,'  and  rachitis.  Opposed  to  rachitis, 
or  rie' 

A  NTIRHEQ  M  AT'IC,  Autirrheumaficuej  from 
am,   '  against,' and  femprn,  'rheumatism.'     A  re- 
For  rheumatism. 
ANTIRHINUM  ACUTANGULUM,  A.  Lina- 
ria — a.  Aurioulatum,  A.  Blatine. 

AlfTTKHl'vUll    Ei.ati'nk.  A.  auricula'tum,  Ela- 
!.'.  haeta'ta,  Lina'ria  elati'ne,  Oymbala'ria 
elati'ni,  FlnelUn  or  Female    s  as  for- 

merly  need  against  seurry  and  old  ulcerations. 

Antikiiintm  HBDlKAClUlf,  A.  Linaria — a. 
Hedersafolium,  A.  Linaria. 

AvriiiHr.vrM     Lina'kia.    A.    hedera'ceum    seu 
-    t    aeutan'gulum,    Lina' 
tndga'ri*    seu    eymbala'ria,    Elati'ne    cymbalo' - 
.•'■I,    Cymbala'ria    mura'lie,    Oey'rie,    Urina'ria, 
Linaire,    Ord.  Scrophu- 
res  bars  a  bitterish  taste.  They 
wd    cathartic.     An 
ointment  made  from  them  has  been  extolled  in 
hemorrl 
ANTISCABIOUS,  Antipsoric. 

rTISCIRRHOUS,  Anticancerous. 
ANTIS    OLBTICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

helmintie. 
ANTISCORBU'TIC,     Anti—orfrttiau,    from 
ui-i,  •  against,'  and  scorbutus,  'the  scurvy.'     Op- 

rvv. 
fF'ULOUS,    AntiHc.roph'ulon*.   An- 

Uietrvmo'etu,    Antiehatrad'ieue. 
scrofula. 

A  N  T  I  B  E  P'T  1  C,  AntUep'ticue,   Antipn'trid, 
from  uiTt,  'against,'  and  o-j/Troy,  'putrid.'     Anti- 
limo'eu*.     Opposed    to    putrefaction.    The 
chief  .  internally   or  externally  em- 

ployed, are  Acidum   Muriatieum,  Acidum   Ifitri- 
Aeidum     Sulphurieum,    Alumina',    tulphat, 
Carbo  Ligni,  Calx  Chlorinate,  Ohlorin'ium,  Cin- 
ive  prineipl  .  Dauei 

i  Chlorinata, 
and  Zinci  Ckloridum. 

H)  CIS1  LL'AGOGUE,  Antuialagt/gut,  Anti- 

si'n/us,  from  avn,  ' against,' and  aiaXov,  'saliva.' 

A  remedy  again  si  ptyalism. 

AN  HSPA8I8,  Derivation,  Bemlsion. 

ANTISPASMODIC,  Anti  -.  Anti. 

■iii,  from  avn,  'against,  and  c-au,  'I  con- 


traet.'    Oppi  -  tn.    The  whole  operation 

of  antispasmodies   is   probably  revulsive.     The 

following  are   the   chief  reput     I  modios. 

./.'///»;•  Sulphurieum,  Ama/atida,  Camtoreum,  Dra- 
eontium,  Momehum,  Oleum  Animal*  Dippelii,  and 
Valeriana — with  the  mental  antispasmod* 

.-traction,  powerful  emotion-,  fear,  Ac.  Of  direct 
antispasmodics,  we  have  no  example. 

ANTISPASTICUS,  Antis]  asmodie,  Deriva- 
tive. 

ANTISQUA'MIC,  Amimqua'micum  j  from  anti, 
-■.'  and  tquama,  'a  .-■  ale.'  A  name  given 
by  .Mr.  Headland  to  a  medicine,  which,  I » % 
on  the  blood,  removes  cutaneous  affection-.  The 
name  is  inappropriate,  as  the  true  scaly  diseases 
— lepra  and  psoriasis — arc  not  the  only  ones  that 
require  the  use  of  eutrophics. 

ANTISTASIS,  Antagonism. 

AN  1  [8TBRYO/MA,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
oTripvyiia,  '  a  support.'  A  fulcrum,  support,  crutch. 
— Hippocral 

ANTISTBR'NUM,  from  am,  'against,'  and 
orepvov,  'the  sternum.'     'J'he  back. — Rufns. 

ANTISTRUMOUS,  Antiscrofulons. 

A  N  TT8YPHILTT'IC,    Antieyphilifieum,    from 
avn,   'against,'   and  myphilia,   'the   venereal  dis- 
the  venereal  di- 

ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension. 
ANTITHENAR,  Opponena  pollieis,  Adductor 

pollicis  pedis. 

AXTITHERMA,  Refrigerants. 

ANTITIIORA.  Aconitum  authors. 

ANTITRAG'ICUS,  Antitra'geum,  (F.)  Mumele 
de  VAmitrague,  M.  antitragien. — (Oh.)  Belong- 
ing to  the  antitragus.  A  small  muse!. 
called,  the  existence  of  which  is  not  constant. 
It  occupies  the  space  between  the  antitragus  and 
anthelix. 

A  A  77  77?  A  GIEX,  Antitragicus. 

ANTIT'RAGUS,  from  mm,  'opposite  to/ and 
rpayog,  'the  tragus,'  Antilo'bium,  Oblo'bium.  A 
conical  eminence  on  the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  op- 
posite the  tr; 

ANTITYP'IA,  from  avTi,  'against/ and  tv-tu>, 
'I  strike.'  Resistance.  Hardness.  Repercus- 
sion. 

ANTITYPICU8,  Antiperiodio. 

ANTIVENE'REAL,  Antivene'reue,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  Venttt,  'Venus.'  The  same  as  An- 
tisyphilitic  Formerly  it  was  need  synonymously 
with  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTIVERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic. 

ANTIVBRMINOSUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANT'LIA    or   ANTLI'A,    from   avr\ttv,  'to 

pump  out.'     A  syringe;   a  pump.     Henee,  Antlia 

Lactitu'gium,  a  breast-pump;  and  Antlia 

tanguien'ga,  Antibdel'la,  Hiru'do  artiju  in'lis,  tho 

exhau-tini:  syringe  used  in  cupping. 

Anti  i  \  1 1  3tomach-pump. 

ANTODONTALGIC,  Antiodontalgie, 

ANT0DYNU8,  Anodyne. 

ANTRAX,  Anthrax. 

ANTRE,  Antrum  —  a.  d'Hyghmore,  Antrum 
of  Highmore. 

ANTROVERSIO,  Ant  rersio. 

ANTRUM, 'a  cavern,1  .   Bar' a  thrum, 

(P.)  Antre.      A  name  given  to  certain  cavities    in 
the  entrance  to  which  is  smaller  than  the 
bottom. 

AltTRDN  Arms,  Tympanum — a.  BoccinOSUm, 
Co, -hi. 'a.  Labyrinth — a.  Dentals,  see  Tooth  —  a. 
Pylori,  .-ee  Stomach. 

Antim  m    of    HlQHVORK,   Antrum   ffigkmorta'- 
i  maxilla' rl  Ben  maxil'la  eupe- 
rio'rix,    Qenyan'trum,   Onathan'trum,    ifax'iflary 
Sinn*.  \  oituita'riua,  i  P. )  Antrt  fl  i 

Sinnt   Maxillaire.     A  deep   cavity  in   tho 
substance  of  the  superior  maxillary  bon< 
municating  with  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose. 


ANTSJAR 


7G 


APERIENT 


It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane. 

ANTSJAR,  Upas. 
ANULARIS,  Annular. 
ANULUS,  Fossette. 
ANURESIS,  Ischuria. 
ANURIA,  Ischuria. 
ANUROCRINIE,  see  Ischuria. 
ANURORRHEE,  see  Ischuria. 
ANUS,  'a  circle,'  Podex,  Potex,  Mol'yne,  Mo- 
lyn'ie,  Dactyl'ios,  Cath'edra,  Cyr'ceon,  Cys'saros, 
Cysthos,    Aph'edra,  Aph'edron,    Hedru,    Proctos, 
Archos,  Sedes,  Cuius,  Cu'leon.     The  circular  open- 
ing situate  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  rectum, 
by  which  the  excrement  is  expelled.    The  funda- 
'iient.     The  body.     The  seat,  (F.)  Siege,  Fonde- 
ment. 

Anus  also  signifies  the  anterior  orifice  of  the 
Aqueduct  of  Sylvius.  By  some,  this  Anus,  called, 
also,  Fora'men  commu'ne  poste'rius,  has  been 
supposed  to  form  a  communication  between  the 
back  part  of  the  third  ventricle  and  the  lateral 
ventricles.  It  is  closed  up,  however,  by  the  tela 
choroidea,  and  also  by  the  fornix,  which  is  inti- 
mately connected  with  this.  The  foramen  is 
situate  between  the  commissura  mollis  of  the 
optic  thalami  and  the  pineal  gland. 

Anus,  Artificial.  An  opening  made  artifi- 
cially, to  supply  the  place  of  the  natural  anus.  The 
term  is  often  used  to  include  preternatural  anus. 
Anus  Cerebri,  see  Aquaeductus  Sylvii. 
Anus,  Contract'ed,  (F.)  Anus  retreci.  A  state 
of  the  anus  when,  from  some  cause,  it  is  con- 
tracted. 

Anus,  Imperforate.  A  malformation,  in 
which  there  is  no  natural  anus.  See  Atresia  ani 
adnata. 

Anus,  Preternat'urAL,  (F.)  Anus  contre  na- 
ture, A.  anormal.  An  accidental  opening  which 
gives  issue  to  the  whole  or  to  a  part  of  the  faeces. 
It  may  be  owing  to  a  wound,  or,  which  is  more 
common,  to  gangrene  attacking  the  intestine  in 
a  hernial  sac. 

This  term  is  also  employed,  as  well  as  Anus 
devie,  de'vious  anus,  to  the  case  where  the  anus,  in- 
stead of  being  in  its  natural  situation,  is  in  some 
neighbouring  cavity,  as  the  bladder,  vagina,  etc. 
ANXIETAS,  Anxiety — a.  Praecordiorum,  see 
Anxiety. 

ANXFETY,  Anxi'etas,  Anxi'etude,  Adaemo'- 
nia,  Dyspho'ria  anxi'etas,  Alys'mus,  Al'yce,  AV - 
ysis,  Ase,  (F.)  Anxiete,  from  angere,  Gr.  ay-^ziv, 
'to  strangle,  to  suffocate.'  A  state  of  restlessness 
and  agitation,  with  general  indisposition,  and  a 
distressing  sense  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium, 
Anxi'etas  prcecordio'rum.  Inquietude,  anxiety, 
and  anguish,  represent  degrees  of  the  same  con- 
dition. 

ANYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AOCHLE'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  o^\os,  ' dis- 
turbance.'    Tranquillity,  calmness. 

AOR'TA,  Arte'ria  magna  seu  crassa  seu  max'- 
ima,  HcBinal  Axis,  of  Owen,  (F.)  Aorte.  This 
name  was  given  by  Aristotle  to  the  chief  artery 
'of  the  body.  It  may  have  been  derived  from 
aoprcofiai,  'I  am  suspended,'  as  it  seems  to  be 
suspended  from  the  heart;  or  from  arjp,  'air/  and 
Tt]pe(i),  'I  keep,'  because  it  was  supposed  to  con- 
tain air.  It  is  probable  that  Hippocrates  meant 
by  aopTtii.  the  bronchia  and  their  ramifications. 
The  aorta  is  the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of 
the  body.  It  arises  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the 
heart,  about  opposite  to  the  fifth  dorsal  vertebra, 
passes  upwards  {ascending  Aorta),  forms  the  great 
arch  of  the  Aorta,  and  descends  along  the  left 
of  the  spine  {descending  Aorta),  until  it  reaches 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  lumbar  vertebra, 
where  it  bifurcates,  to  give  origin  to  the  common 
iliacs.     The  aorta  is  sometimes  divided  into  the 


Thoracic  or  Pectoral,  and   the  Abdominal.     For 
the  arteries  which  arise  from  it,  etc.,  see  Artery. 
AOR TASTE,  Aorteurysma. 
AORTECTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 
AORTEURYS'MA,    from    ao^rr,,    'the    aorta,' 
and  evpv$,  'dilated.'    Aneurism  of  the  Aorta,  (F.) 
Anevrysme    de    V Aorte,    Aortectasie,    Aortasie. — 
Piorry.     By  carefully  auscultating  over  the  dor- 
sal vertebrae,  a  bellows'  sound,  with  a  deep  and 
not  always  perceptible  impulse,  may  be  detected. 
AOR'TIC,  Aor'ticus.     Relating  to  the  Aorta. 
The  Aortic  ventricle,   (F.)   Ventricule  Aortique,  is 
the  left  ventricle.  •  The  Aortic  valves  are  the  sig- 
moid valves  at  the  origin  of  the  Aorta,  etc. 

AORTI'TIS,  Inflamma' tio  Aor'tce,  from  Aorta, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  aorta. 

AORTRA,  Aortron.  A  lobe  of  the  lungs.— 
Hippocrates. 

AO'TUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ovg,  wroj,  'an 
ear.'     A  monster  devoid  of  ears. — Gurlt. 

APAG'MA,  Apoclas'ma,  Apocecaulis'nienon, 
from  tmo,  'from,'  and  ayu,  'I  remove.'  Separa- 
tion, abduction.  Separation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Galenus,  Foesius. 

APAGOGE,  Defecation,  Inductio. 
APALACHINE,  Ilex  vomitoria— a.  d  Feuilles 
de  Prunier,  Prinos — a.  Gallis,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

APAL'LAGE,   Apallax'is,   from    anaXaTru),    'I 
change.'      Mutation,    change.      It   is    generally 
taken  in  a  good  sense,  and   means   the   change 
from  disease  to  health. — Hippocrates. 
APALLAXIS,  Apallage. 

APALOT'ICA,  from  a^aXo-ms,  'softness,  ten- 
derness.' Fortuitous  lesions  or  deformities  affect- 
ing the  soft  parts.  The  first  order  in  the  class 
Tychica,  of  Good. 
APANTHESIS,  Apanthismus. 
A  PAN  T  HIS  'M  US,  Apanthe'sis,  from  aro, 
'from,'  and  avOeoy,  'I  flower.'  The  obliteration 
of  parts  previously  inservient  to  useful  purposes, 
as  of  the  ductus  venosus  and  ductus  arteriosus, 
which  are  essential  to  foetal  existence,  but  are 
subsequently  unnecessary.     See  also  Stuprum. 

APANTHRO'PIA,  from  otto,  'from,'  and  av- 
•&/3wrroy,  'man.'  Detestation  of  man;  desire  for 
solitude. — Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symptoms 
of  hypochondriasis. 

APAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 
APARACH'YTUM   VINUM.    from    a,    priv., 
and  TTapaxvu),  'I  pour  over.'     The  purest  wine: 
that  which  has  not  been  mixed  with  sea-water. — 
Galen. 

APARINE,  Galium  aparine — a.  Hispida,  Ga- 
lium aparine. 

AP ARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 
AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a,  Ameli'a,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  na&os,  'affection.'  (F.)  Apathie.  Ac- 
cidental suspension  of  the  moral  feelings.  It 
takes  place  in  very  severe  diseases,  particularly 
in  malignant  fevers. 

APECHE'MA,  from  ano,  'from,'  and  nx°s> 
'sound.'  Properly  the  action  of  reflecting  sound. 
In  medicine,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Latin 
Contrafissura,  a  counter-fissure,  a  counter-blow. 
— Gorraeus,  Celsus. 

APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus. 
APEL'LA,  AppeVla,  Leipoder'mos,  Recuti'tus, 
from  a,  priv.,  and  pellis,  'skin.'  One  whose  pre- 
puce does  not  cover  the  glans. —  Galenus,  Lin- 
naeus, Vogel.  Retraction  or  smallness  of  any 
other  soft  appendage. — Sagar.  One  who  is  cir- 
cumcised. 

APEPSIA,  Dyspepsia. 

APE'RIENT,  Ape'riens,  Aperiti'vus,  from  ape- 
rire  (ab  and  pario),  'to  open.'  Res'erans.  A 
laxative.  (F.)  Aperitif.  A  medicine  which 
gently  opens  the  bowels.  The  term  had  for- 
merly a  much  more  extensive  signification,  and, 


APERISTATON 


APIASTRUM 


like  Catalyt'icum,  was  given  to  a  substance  sup- 
post  1  to  nave  the  power  of  opening  any  of  the 
.  and  i'vi'u  the  blood-vessels. 

APERIS'TATON,  Aperis'tatum,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  xtpuTTtint,  ' I  surroand.'  An  epithet 
f.-r  an  ul  er  Dot  dangerous  nor  considerable  nor 
surrounded  by  inflammation. 

APERITIF,  Aperient. 

APERITIVUS,  Aperient. 

APERTOR   OCULI,   Levator  palpebral  supe- 

APERTO'RIUM,  from  aperio,  'I  open.'  An 
instrument  for  dilating  the  OS  uteri  during  labour. 

APERTURA,  Mouth— a.  Anterior  rentriouli 
rebri,  Vulva  (cerebri) — a.  Pelvis  superior, 
'vis. 

APED  rHYSMENOS,  Rectum. 

APEX,  Macro.  The  point  or  extremity  of  a 
part. — as  the  apex  of  the  tongue,  nose,  etc. 

APB  X   LlNGO  B,   Progl 

AlMLi;i;i:<lS.  Apheresis,  Extirpation. 

APHALANQI'ASIS,  from  a.  'intensive."  and 
6a\ay^,  'phalanx.'  The  fourth  stage  of  Oriental 
.  which  is  recognised  chiefly  by  a  gangre- 
nous condition  of  the  tii 

APB  iSSOM'ENOS,  from  a<?aaau>,  'I  touch,  I 
feel.'  The  touching  of  the  parts  of  generation 
of  the  female  as  a  means  of  diagnosis. — Hippo- 
crates.     8ee  Bsaphe. 

APHEDRA,  Anus. 

APHEDRIA,  Menses. 

APHEDRON,  Anus. 

APHELI'A,  a<pe\T)$,  'simple.'  Simplicity. 
The  simple  manners  of  the  sect  of  Methodists  in 
teaching  and  practising  medicine. 

APHELX'IA,  from  a<pc\Kw,  'I  abstract.'  Vo- 
luntary inactivity  of  the  whole  or  the  greater 
part  of  the  external  senses  to  the  impressions  of 
surrounding  objects,  during  wakefulness.  Re- 
tery,  (P.  Riverie.  Dr.  Good  has  introduced 
this  into  his  Nosology,  as  well  as  Aphel 
cors  or  absence  of  mind — .1.  inten'ta  or  attrac- 
tion of  mind:  and  A.  otio'sa,  Stu'dium  ina'ne, 
tpu'dia,  brown  study  or  listless  muting. 

APHEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

APHEPSIS,  Decoction. 

APHE'RESIS,  Apha' resis,  from  a<paipcw,  'I 
take  away.'  An  operation  by  which  any  part  of 
the  l".  lv  ia  separated  from  the  other.  Hippo- 
crates, according  to  Foesius,  uses  the  expression 
Aphce'n  tii  San'guinis  for  excessive  hemorrhage; 
and  Sennertus,  to  express  the  condition  of  an 
animal  deprived  both  of  the  faculties  of  the  mind 
and  of  the  mind  itself. 

APH'ESIS,  from  atpmyn,  'I  relax.'  A  remis- 
sion. This  word  expresses  sometimes  the  dimi- 
nution or  cessation  of  a  disease;  at  others,  lan- 
guor and  debility  of  the  lower  extremities.  See 
Languor,  and  Remission. 

A  PHI  LAN'THROPY,  Aphilanthro'pia,from  a, 
privative,  $i\t»,  'I  love,'  and  av$pu>nos,  'a  man.' 
Dislike  to  man.  Love  of  solitude.  Vogel  has 
given  this  name  to  the  first  degree  of  melancholy. 

APHTSTESlS,  Abscess. 

APHODEUMA,  Excrement. 

APIl'MM  S,  Excrement. 

APHONETUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NIA,  Liga'tio  lingua,  Loque/la  abol'ita, 
De/ee'tus  loque'Us,  Dyspho'nia,  (of  some.)  Aph'- 
!  .i  Aphonic,  Perte  de  la  \'<>i.r,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  0uH»;.  'voice.'  Privation  of  voice,  or 
of  the  sounds  that  ought  to  be  produced  in  the 
glottis.  When  aphonia  forms  part  of  catarrh  or 
i.'  it  is  commonly  but  of  little  consequence; 
but  when  produced  by  causes  acting  on  the  ner- 
vous Bystem,  as  by  some  powerful  emotion,  or 
without  any  appreciable  le.-ion  of  the  vocal  appa- 
ratus, i  Laryngo-paralysis,)  it  frequently  resists 
all  remedies. 


Aphonia,  Catalepsy  —  a.  Surdorum,  Mutitas 
.nirdorum. 

APHONICUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NUS,  Apko'nicuB,  Apho'neluaj  same 
ety.non.     Relating  to  aphonia. 

APHONY,  Aphonia. 

APH0R1  V.  Bterilitas. 

AFUOllICUS.  Sterile. 

APHORUS,  Sterile. 

APHOR'ME,  u+opfit},  'occasion.'  The  exter- 
nal and  manifest  cause  of  any  tiling.  The  occa- 
sional cause  of  a  disease. — Hippocrates. 

APHRO'DES,  'frothy,'  from  a<pPos,  'foam,' 
and  ci&os,  'resemblance.'  Applied  to  the  blood 
and  the  excrements.  —  Hippocrates. 

APIIRODISIA,  Coition,  Puberty. 

APHRODIS'IAC,  Aphrodisiacus,  from  A$po- 
Sittj,  'Venus,'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaque.  Medicine 
or  food  believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  to  the 
pleasures  of  love;  as  ginger,  cantharideSj  &c. 
They  are  generally  stimulants. 

APIIRODISIACUS,  Venereal. 

APHRODISIASMUS,  Coition. 

APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from AtppoSirn,  'Ve- 
nus,' and  ypa<pw,  'I  describe.'  Etymologically, 
this  term  means  a  description  of  the  pleasures  of 
love,  but  it  has  been  placed  at  the  head  of  a  work 
describing  the  venereal  disease. 

APHRODITIC,  Venereal. 

APHROG'ALA,  from  a<Ppos,  'foam,'  and  ya\a, 
'milk.'  Lac  spumo'sum.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  milk  rendered  frothy  by  agitation. 

APIIRONIA,  Apoplexy. 

APIIRONITRUM,  Xatrum,  Soda. 

APHROSYNE,  Delirium,  Insanity. 

APHTHAE,  AphtcB,  Aptha,  from  a*™,  'I  in- 
flame." Thruah  or  sore  mouth.  Aphtha  laetu'ci- 
men  seu  Infan'tum,  Laetu'citnen,  Lactucim'ina, 
Lactu'mina,  Al'colce,  Em'phlyaia  aphtha,  Ulcera 
serpen' tia  oris,  Pus' tula  oris,  FebHs  aphtho'sa, 
Angi'na  aphtho'sa,  Vesie'ula  gingiva' rum,  Sto- 
moti'tis  exsudatt'va  seu  vesiculosa  infan'tum,  Sto- 
map'yra,  S.  aphtha,  Prunel'la,  White  Thrush, 
Milk  Thrush.  Aphtha?  consist  of  roundish,  pearl- 
coloured  vesicles,  confined  to  the  lips,  mouth. 
and  intestinal  canal,  and  generally  terminating 
in  curd-like  sloughs.  In  France,  the  Aphtha)  of 
children,  Aphthes  des  En  fans,  is  called  Muguet, 
Millet,  Blanehet,  Catarrhs  buccal  and  Stomatite 
cremeuse  pultacee,  Pultaceous  inflammation  of 
the  Mouth;  and  generally  receives  two  divisions 
— the  mild  or  discreet,  (F.)  Muguet  binin  ou  dis- 
cret,  and  the  malignant,  (F.)  Muguet  malin  ou 
confluent,  the  Black  Thrush.  Common  Thrush  is 
a  disease  of  no  consequence,  requiring  merely 
the  use  of  absorbent  laxatives.  The  malignant 
variety,  which  is  rare,  is  of  a  more  serious  cha- 
racter, and  is  accompanied  with  typhoid  symp- 
toms,—  Typhus  aphthotdeus. 

APHTHA  Adultorum,  Stomatitis,  aphthous — a. 
Praoputii,  Herpes  prajputii — a.  Serpentes,  Cancer 
aquations. 

APH'THAPHYTE,  Aphthaph'yton :  Oul'ium 
alb' icons,  Champignon  du  Muguet,  from  a<pdat, 
'aphtha','  and  <pvroi>,  'a  vegetable.'  A  parasitic 
vegetable  growth  observed  in  aphtha). 

APHTHE  (;.\.\<;i:KXi:rX,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

APHTHES  DES  /.'X/'AXS,  Aphtha). 
APHTHEUX,  Aphthous. 

APHTHO'DES,  Aphtholdes,  Aphthotdeus,  from 
aphtha',  and  uius,  'resemblance.'  Aphthous-like. 
Resembling  aphtha*. 

APH'THOUS,  Aphtho'ius,  (F.)  Aphtheux.   Be- 
j   longing   to   aphthse;    complicated   with   aphtha;; 
as  Aphthous  Feet  r. 

,      APIASTRUM,  Melissa. 


APICES 


S 


APOGALACTOS 


APICES  CRURUM  MEDULLA  OBLON- 
GATA, Corpora  striata  —  a.  Digitoruin,  Pu- 
pulae. 

APILEPSIA,  Apoplexy. 

A'PIOL,  Apio'lum,  Parsley  oil,  from  apium, 
'parsley,'  and  oleum,  'oil.'  A  yellowish  oily 
liquid,  obtained  from  opium  petroselinum  or 
parsley,  which,  in  the  dose  of  15  grains,  has 
been  used  as  an  antiperiodic. 

APIONTA,  see  Excretion. 

APIOS,  Pyrus  communis. 

APIS,  Bee. 

API'TES,  from  a-niov,  ' a  pear.'  Perry. — Gor- 
rseus. 

APIUM,  A.  graveolens —  a.  Ammi,  Ainmi  —  a. 
Anisuin,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  a.  Carvi,  Carum. 

A'pium  Graveolens,  Apium,  Pallida' pium, 
Jieli'num,  Ses'eli  graveolens,  Slum  graveolens  seu 
apium,  Smallage,  (F.)  Ache.  Ord.  Umbelliferoe. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  plants, 
roots,  and  seeds  are  aperient  and  carminative. 
Selery  is  a  variety  of  this. 

Apium  Hoiitense,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Monta- 
num,  Athamanta  aureoselinum  — a.  Paludapium, 
A.  Graveolens — a.  Petrasurn,Bubon  Macedonicum. 

Apium  Petroseli'num,  Apium  Horten'se  seu 
vulga're,  Eleoseli' num.  [  ?  ],  Grielum,  Petroseli'- 
vum,  Common  Parsley,  (F.)  Persil.  The  root — 
Petroselinum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — and  seeds  are  diuretic 
and  aperient.     See  Apiol. 

Apium  Sium,  Sium  nodiflorum — a.  Vulgare,  A. 
graveolens. 

APLAS'TIC,  Aplas'ticus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  *A«<Td-a),  '  I  form.'  That  which  is  not  capable 
df  forming  ;  or  is  not  organizable. 

Aplastic  Element;  one  which  is  unsuscep- 
tible of  any  farther  amount  of  organization. — 
Gerber. 

APLESTIA,  Ingluvies,  Intemperance. 

APLEU'ROS,  from  a,  privative,  and  it^tvpov, 
'  a  rib.'  One  without  ribs,  or  pleurae. — .Hippo- 
crates, Galen. 

APLOT'OMY,  Aplotom'ia,  from  an\oos,  'sim- 
ple,' andrenvu),  'I  cut.'     A  simple  incision. 

APNEE,  Apncea. 

APNEUMATOSIS,  see  Atelectasis. 

APNEU'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  TTvtvjiwv,  'lung.' 
A  monstrosity  in  which  there  is  absence  of  lungs. 

APNEUMONER'VIA,  Apneumoneu'ria,  from 
a,  priv.,  7rv£ujuo>v,  '  lung,'  and  vcvpov,  '  nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  lungs. 

APXEUSTIA,  Apncea,  Asphyxia. 

APNCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  kvzw,  '  I  re- 
spire.' (F.)  Apnee,  Absenee  of  respiration,  Re- 
ipira'tio  abol'ita  ;  or  insensible  respiration.  Also, 
Urthopnoea.     See  Asphyxia. 

Apncea  Infantum,  Asthma  Thymicum. 

APNCEASPHYXIA,  Asphyxia. 

APNUS,  axvoos,  same  etymon.  One  devoid  of 
respiration.  An  epithet  applied  by  authors  to 
cases  in  which  the  respiration  is  so  small  and 
slow,  that  it  seems  suspended. — Castelli.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  word  was  always  ap- 
plied to  the  patient,  not  to  the  disease. 

APO,  ano,  a  prefix  denoting  '  from,  of,  off,  out.' 
Hence — 

APOBAMMA,  Embamma. 

APOBAINON,  Eventus. 

APOBESOMENON,  Eventus. 

APOBIOSIS,  Death. 

APOBLEMA,  Abortion. 

APOBOLE,  Abortion. 

APOBRASMA,  Furfur. 

APOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 

APOCATASTASIS,  Considentia,  Restauratio. 

APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis. 

APOCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

APOCECAULISMENON,  Apagma. 


APOCENO'SIS,  Aposceno'sis,  from  ano,  'out,' 

and  kevuois,  'evacuation.'     A  partial  evacuation 

|  according  to  some,  in  opposition  to  Cenosis,  whicl 

signifies  a  general  evacuation. — Cullen  and  Swe 

diaur  apply  it  to  morbid  fluxes. 

Apocenosis,  Abevacuatio — a.  Diabetes  melli 
tus,  Diabetes — a.  Ptyalismus  mellitus,  see  Saliva 
tion — a.  Vomitus  pyrosis,  Pyrosis. 

APOCHOREON,  Excrement. 

APOCHREMMA,  Sputum. 

APOCHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

APOCH'YMA,  from  a^oy^o),  'I  pour  out.'  A 
sort  of  tar,  obtained  from  old  ships,  which  is  im- 
pregnated with  chloride  of  sodium.  It  was  used 
as  a  discutient  of  tumours.  —  Aetius,  Paulus, 
Gorrams. 

APO  GIN  GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apocynum  an 
drosaomifolium. 

APOCLASMA,  Abduction,  Apaguia. 

APOCLEISIS,  Asitia,  Disgust. 

APOCOPE,  from  ano,  and  Konreiv,  'to  cut.' 
Abscission.  A  wound  with  loss  of  substance. 
Fracture  with  loss  of  part  of  a  bone.    Amputation. 

APOCOPUS,  Castratus. 

APOCRISIS,  Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre- 
tion. 

APOCROUS'TIC,  Apocrous'tica  seu  Apocrus' - 
tica,  (remed'ia,)  from  aito,  'out,'  and  Kpovu),  'I 
push.'     An  astringent  and  repellent. — Galenus. 

APOCRUSTICA,  Apocroustic. 

APOCYESIS,  Parturition. 

APOCYN,  see  Apocynum  Cannabinum. 

APOCYNIN,  see  Apocynum  Cannabinum. 

APOCYNUM  ANDROSJEMIFO'LIUM,(Ph. 
U.  S.)  from  airo,  and  kvwv,  'a  dog,'  because  es- 
teemed, of  old,  to  be  fatal  to  dogs.  Dog's  Bane, 
Bitter  Bog's  Bane,  Milkweed,  Bitterroot,  Honey- 
bloom,  Catchfly,  Flytrap,  Ip 'ecac.,  Amer'ican  Ipe- 
cac., (F.)  Apocin  gobe-mouche,  A.  amer.  Ord. 
Apocynaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  found  from  Canada  to 
Carolina.  Thirty  grains  evacuate  the  stomach 
as  effectually  as  two-thirds  of  the  amount  of 
Ipecacuanha,  by  which  name  it  is  known  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  Eastern  States.  It  is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Apocynum  Cannab'inum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Indian 
Hemp.  This  American  plant  possesses  emetic, 
cathartic,  diaphoretic  and  diuretic  properties,  has 
been  strongly  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
has  been  given  in  decoction, — gij  of  the  rcct 
boiled  in  three  pints  of  water  to  two.  A  wine- 
glassful  for  a  dose.  An  active  principle,  Apocyn 
or  Apocynin,  has  been  extracted  from  the  root. 

Apocynum  Hypericefo'lium,  a  variety  of  A, 
cannabinum,  which,  as  well  as  A.  androsgemifo- 
lium,  abounds  in  a  milky  juice.  This,  when  ap- 
plied to  the  skin,  produces  a  troublesome  erup- 
tion resembling  flea-bites  :  hence,  the  plants  have 
been  termed,  by  the  voyageurs  in  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory,  Herbes  a  la  puce. 

Apocynum  Nov^e  Anglic  Hirsutum,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa — a.  Orange,  Asclepias  tuberosa — a. 
Scandens,  Allamanda. 

APODACRYT'ICUS,  Belachrymati'vus,  from 
ano,  'from,'  and  Aaicpvu),  'I  weep.'  A  substance, 
supposed  to  occasion  a  flow  of  the  tears,  and  then 
to  arrest  them. — Columella,  Pliny,  Galenus. 

APODEMIALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

APOD'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ttovs,  toSos, 
'afoot.'  Want  of  feet;  hence  Apous  or  Apus, 
one  who  has  no  feet. 

APODYTE'RIUM,  Coniste'rium,  Spoliato'- 
rium,  Spolia'rium,  from  cnroSvw,  'I  strip  off.'  The 
ante-room,  where  the  bathers  stripped  themselves 
in  the  ancient  gvmnasia. 

APOGALACTISMUS,  Weaning. 

APOGALACTOS,  Exuber. 


APOGEL 


APOPLECTIC 


APOGEUSIS,  Ageustia. 

APOQEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

APOQ  LAI  COSIS,  Glauc 

APOGON,  Imberbia, 

APOG'ONUM,  from  uto,  and  yivo/mt,  'I  exist.' 

A  Living  foetus  in  atero. — Hippocrates, 

APOLEPISIS,  Desquamation. 

APOLEPISMUS,  Di  Bquamation. 

APO  I.  E  P  8  1  B,  Ap  )tep'sia,  Apotij/sis,  from 
aroXa^Jaio),  '  I   retain.'      Retention,   suppression. 

—  I!  Lsphyxia. 

APOLEX'IS,   from   a-o\nyo>,   'I  cease.'      Old 

ecrepitude. 
APOLINO'818,  from  aro,  and  Xivov,   'a  flaxen 
The  mode  of  operating  for  fistula  in 
thread  of  Homolinon  or  Li n  urn 
crudnm. — Hippocrates,  Pattlus. 
APOLIPSIS,  Apolei  - 

APOLLINARIS  ALTBRCUM,  Hyoscyainus. 

APOL1   PICA,  Cieatrisantia. 

A  i'<  ILYS'  I  A.  Apol'ysis,  from  aroXuu, '  Iloosen.' 

Solution.     Relaxation.     Debility  of  the  limbs  oj 

bandages. — Brotian.     Expulsion  of 

•us  and  its  dependencies.      Termination  of 

a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Cialen. 

APOMATHE'MA,  Apomathe'sis,  from  a-o,  and 
nt,  '  I  learn.'   Forgetfulnessof  thiugs  taught. 
— Hippocrates. 

APOM'ELT,  from  aro,  'of.'  and  ^uXt,  'honey.' 
An  oxymel  or  decoction  made  of  honey.— Galen, 
Paulus,  Ac. 
APOMEXI8,  Munotio. 

APOMYLE'NAS,  from  cnropvXAaiiw,  'I  make 
a  wry  mouth.'  One  who  pushes  his  lips  forwards, 
pressing  them  against  each  other.  Occasionally 
a  symptom  of  nervous  fever. — Galen,  Erotian. 

APOMYTHO'SIS,  Apomytto'sis,  from  arop.vo-<T(Dt 

•  I  sn>re.'     A  disease  in  which  there  is  stertor. — 

Sauvages,  Bagar. 

APOMYXIA,  Nasal  mucus. 

A  PON  BUROG'RAPHYj      Aponeurogra'phia, 

from  a-ovtvpu<Tts,    an   'aponeurosis,'  and    ypa<pn, 

-  a  description.'      A  description  of  the  Aponeu- 

APONEURO  L'O  G  Y,  Aponeurolog"ia,  from 
awevesptsetf,  'an  aponeurosis,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  dis- 
Aponeurosiol'ogy.     The  anatomy  of  the 
aponeur 
'  APONEUROSIOLOGY,  Aponeurology. 

A  PON  E  U  RO 'S  I  S.  Aponevro'sis,  from  aro, 
'from.'  and  vtvpov,  'a  nerve.'  Pronerva'tio,  De- 
■'".  Bnerva'tio,  Expan'sio  nervo'sa,  (F.) 
ApofH  urose,  AponSvrose.  The  ancients  called 
every  white  part  vtvpov,  and  regarded  the  Apo- 
neurosis as  a  nervous  expansion.  The  Aponeu- 
ire  white,  shining  membranes,  very  resist- 
iuir.  and  eomposed  of  fibres  interlaced.  Some 
ir<'  continuous  with  the  muscular  fibres,  and  differ 
only  from  tendons  by  their  flat  form.  They  are 
called  Aponeuroses  of  ineertion,  (F.)  Aponivroses 
d'insertum,  when  they  are  at  the  extremities  of 
muscles,  and  attach  them  to  the  bone: — A 
nuten  <>f  intersection,  (P.)  Aponivroses  d'i 
lion,  if  they  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the  mus- 
cle, and  are  continuous  on  both  sides  with  mus- 
cular fibres.  Others  surround  the  muscle,  and 
preretft  its  displacement :  they  an-  called  ,„•;/,, j,. 
in>i  Aponeuroses,  (V.)  Aponivroses  cPenveloppe. 

APOmUBOBlS,   l'a-ria — a.  ('rural.   PasCia   lata  — 

a.  Femoral,  Pasoia  lata — a.  Iliac,  Fascia  iliaca. 

AP0NEUR0SPTI8,  from  aponeurosis,  and 
itis,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
an  aponeurosis. 

APONEUROTIC,  Aponeurot'ieu*.  What  re- 
lates to  Aponeuroses: — thus,  ire  say  Aponeurotic 
cxpmiitum.  Aponeurotic  muscle,  Ac. 

APONEUROT'OMY,  Aponeurotom'ia,  from 
a^ovivputan,  '  aponeurosis,'  and  rc^vo),  '  I  cut.' 
Anatomy  of  aponeuroses. 


Aponeurotomy  ha-,  also,  been  proposed  for  the 
division,  [debridement)  of  filaments,  Ac,  in  apo- 
neurotic openings,  and  for  the  section  of  fascia). 

APONSVROSE     PjSDrEUSE,      see      Pedal 
Aponeurosis — ".  SuperfidelU  </<.■  CAbdomei 
.  l  i     ia  Buperficialia. 

APONEVROSIS,  Aponeur 

APON'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Toroj,  - 
i  i  from  pain. 

APONIPSIS,  Ablution. 

APOPALLE'818,  ApopaVsis,  from  arorra>Acj, 
'I  throw  off.'  Expulsion.  Protrusion. — Hippo- 
crates.    Also,  Abortion. 

APOPATE'MA,   Apop'athos,  Apop'atue.     The 
excrement,  and  the  place  where  it  is  deposited. — 
rides,  Brotian. 

APOPED  \SIS.  Luxation. 

AP0PHLEGMATI8ANS  PEB  XAKI 
rhine — a.  per  <  ►s,  Sialog 

APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA,  Apopklegmati- 
son'ta,  Apophlegmatis'mi,  from  arro,  'out,'  and 
<p\cyp.a,  'phlegm.'  .Medicines  which  facilitate  the 
upward  expulsion  of  mucus  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  digestive  or  air  ps 
gargles,  mastioatori< 

APOPHLEG'MATISM,     Apophlegmati 
The  action  of  Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 

APOPHLEGM  \  l'I-.MI,  Apophlegmatisantia. 

APOPH'RADES,    from    mtsQaas,    'unlucky.' 
An  epithet    applied  to  unlucky  days,  [dit 
fundi.)      Days    on   which  a  favourable    change 
is  not  expected  to  occur  in  a  disease. — A.  Lau- 
rentius. 

APOPIIRAXIS.  Amenorrhoea. 

APOPHTHAR'MA,AnopA'«Wa,  from  «*>,  and 
<p$tiau,  '  I  corrupt.'  Abortion,  as  well  as  a  medi- 
cine to  procure  abortion. 

APOPHTHOllA.  Abortion. 

APOPHTHORIUS.  Abortive. 

APOPHY'ADES,   from  ano,   'from,'  and   <pvu, 
'I  spring.'     The  ramifications  of  veins  and 
ries. — Hippocrates. 

APOPHYSE  BASILAIRE,  Basilary  i 
— a.  Engainante  ou  vaginale,  Vaginal  pr< 
a.  Pyramidale,  see  Temporal   Bone  —  a.  I'ttrCc, 
see  Temporal  Roue. 

APOPHYSES  E* PINE  USES,  Spinous  pro- 
of  the  vertebra. 

APOPH'YSIS,  from  arc,  'from,'  and  4>vw,  'I 
rise,'  Ec'physis,  Proces'sus,  Appendix,  Protninen'- 
tia  08818  contin'ua,  A  process  of  u  bone.  When 
the  apophysis  is  yel  Si  |  mated  from  the  body  of 
the  bone  by  intervening  cartilage,  it  is  called 
Epiph'ysis.  The  apophyses  or  processes  are,  at 
times,  distinguished  by  epithets,  expressi 
their  form  :  as  A.  styloid,  A.  coracoid,  Ac.  Others 
are  not  preceded  by  the  word  apophysis  j  as  Tro- 
chanter,  Tuberosity,  Ac. 

Ai'oi'ii'vsis  OF  [ngras'biaS  is  a  term  applied 
to  the  lesser  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Apophysis  Mamvillaris,  .Mastoid  prw 

Apophysis  o»  Rau,  '/.-."<   apophyet  du  Mar- 
teatt  :   see  Malleus. 
Apophysis  Zyoomatica,  Zygomatio  proi 

APOPIBS'MA,    from    aro-nu^,     'I    compress.' 

Hippooratee  asea  the  term  to  signify  a  fancied 
expression  or  forcing  out  of  humours  by  the 
application  of  bandages  in  wounds  and  frac- 
tures. 

APOPLANESIS,  Error  loci. 

APOPLEi  'TIC,  ApopUtfticus.  Referring  to 
Apoplexy.     This  word  has  various  significations. 

It    is    applied.    1.    To    individuals    laboring    under 

apoplexy  :  2.  To  remedies  proper  for  combating 

apoplexy  :  3.  To  the  constitution,  temperament, 
or  make,  Architectu'ra  apoplec'ticn,  Hnb'itut 
apoplecfticus  sen  fptadra'tus  sen  toro'sus,  which 
predisposes  to  it.  and,  -1.  To  the  symptoms  which 
'characterize  apoplexy;   as   Apoplectic  sleep,    1. 


APOPLECTICUS 


80 


APOSTASIS 


stroke,  A.  stertor,  &c.  The  jugular  veins  have 
also,  by  some,  been  called  Apoplectic  veins,  Vena 
apoplec'ticce. 

Apoplectic  Cell.  Focus  apoplec'ticus.  A 
cavity  remaining  in  the  encephalon,  after  the 
effusion  of  blood  and  its  subsequent  absorption. 
APOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic,  Apoplectic. 
APOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy— a. Catalepsia,  Cata- 
lepsia — a.  Cerebralis,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Cerebri, 
see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Cordis,  Haemocardiorrhagia — 
a.  Hepatica,  Hepatorrhagia — a.  Hydrocephalica, 
Hydrocephalus  internus — a.  Interarachnoidealis, 
Apoplexy,  meningeal — a.  Intermeningealis,  Apo- 
plexy, meningeal — a.  Medullaris,  Apoplexia  mye- 
litica— a.  Menihgaea,  Apoplexy,  meningeal. 

Apoplexia  Myelit'ica,  A.  Medulla' ris  seu 
Spina' lis  seu  Rachia'  lis,Hamor'  rhaehis,  Myelor- 
rhag"ia,  Myelapoplex' ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie  de  la 
Moelle  epiniere,  Hemorrhagic  de  la  Mobile  epi- 
niere, Hemato-myelie,  Hemo-myelorrhagie,  Hema- 
torrhacliie.  Hemorrhage  into  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

Apoplexia  Nervosa,  Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a. 
Nervosa  traumatica,  Concussion  of  the  brain — a. 
Oculi  Haeuiophthalniia —  a.  Pituitosa,  see  Apo- 
plexy— a.  Pulmonalis,  see  Haemoptysis — a.  Pul- 
monum,  see  Haemoptysis — a.  Renalis,  Apoplexy, 
renal — a.  Rachialis,  A.  myelitica — a.  Sanguinea, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Serosa,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Sim- 
plex, Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a.  Spasmodica,  Apo- 
plexy, nervous — a.  Spinalis,  Apoplexia  myelitica 
— a.  Temulenta,  see  Temulentia. 

APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIRE,  Mollities  cere- 
bri—  a.  Cerebrate,  Apoplexy,  Hemorrhagic  cere- 
brate— a.  du  Cceur,  Haemocardiorrhagia. 

APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYANTE,  'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy.'  A  form  of  apoplexy,  which 
is  intense  and  rapidly  fatal. 

APOPLEXIE  MENIXGEE,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal—  a.  de  la  Moelle  Epiniere,  Apoplexy, 
spinal. 

AP'OPLEXY,  Apoplex'ia,  (Sc.)  Poplesy,  from 
aroir^TTeiv,  'to  strike  with  violence.'  At  the  pre- 
sent day,  the  term  apoplexy  is  employed  by  many 
writers  to  signify  interstitial  hemorrhage,  (F.)  He- 
rnorrhagie  interstitielle,  or  every  effusion  of  blood, 
which  occurs  suddenly  into  the  substance  of  an 
organ  or  tissue.  Hence,  we  speak  of  cerebral 
apoplexy,  pulmonary  apoplexy,  &c.  &c.  For- 
merly it  was  always  —  and  still  is  by  many  — 
used  in  a  restricted  sense,  to  signify,  in  other 
words,  the  train  of  phenomena,  which  charac- 
terize cerebral  apoplexy.  This  disease,  Hcemor- 
rha'gia  Cer'ebri,  Aphro'nia,  Cams  Apoplex'ia, 
Coma  Apopjlex'  ia,  Apoplex'ia  cer'ebri  sanguin'ea 
seu  cerebra'lis,  Encephalorrhag" ia,  San'guinis 
ictus,  H&matenceph'alum,  Pulpez'ia,  Sidera'tio, 
Apileps'ia,  Morbus  atton'itus,  Gutta,  Theophle'  gia, 
Theoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie,  A.  cerebrate,  Hema- 
toencephalie,  Coup  de  sang,  is  characterized  by 
diminution,  or  loss  of  sensation  and  mental  ma- 
nifestation :  by  the  cessation,  more  or  less  com- 
plete, of  motion  ;  and  by  a  comatose  state, — cir- 
culation and  respiration  continuing.  Tt  generally 
consists  in  pressure  upon  the  brain ;  either  from 
turgescence  of  vessels,  or  from  extravasation  of 
blood :  hence  the  terms  Hamenceph'alus,  Hemor- 
rhagic cerebrate,  and  Hemoencephalorrhagie,  ap- 
plied to  it  by  some.  The  general  prognosis  is 
unfavourable  :  especially  when  it  occurs  after  the 
age  of  35.  When  Apoplexy  is  accompanied  with 
a  hard,  full  pulse,  and  flushed  countenance,  it  is 
called  Apoplex'ia  sanguin'ea,  Cataph'ora  Coma; 
when  with  a  feeble  pulse  and  pale  countenance, 
and  evidences  of  serous  effusion,  Apoplex'ia  se- 
ro'sa,  A.  pituito'sa,  Serous  Apoplexy,  Cataph'ora 
hydrocep/ial' ica,  Encephaloch'ysis  seni'lis,  Hydro- 
cephalus   acu'tus    senum,    Hydrocnccphalorrhee, 


(Piorry,)  Hydropisie  cerebrate  suraigue,  Hydror- 
rhagie. 

In  Nervous  Apoplexy,  Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  seu 
spasmod'ica,  A.  simplex,  Simple  apoplexy,  no  le- 
sion whatever  may  be  perceptible  on  dissection  ; 
although  the  patient  may  have  died  under  all  tho 
phenomena  that  are  characteristic  of  apoplexy. 

Apoplexy,  Heat,  see  Coup-de-Soleil  —  a.  of 
the  Heart,  Haemocardiorrhagia. 

Apoplexy,  Meninge'al,  Apoplex'ia  menin- 
gce'a  seu  intermeni ngea' lis  seu  interarachno'idea' - 
lis,  (F.)  Apoplexie  meningee,  Hemorrhagic  me- 
ningee.  Hemorrhage  from  the  meninges  of  the 
brain  or  spinal  marrow,  generally  into  the  great 
cavity  of  the  arachnoid. 

Apoplexy,  Nervous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Pul- 
monary, see  Haemoptysis — a.  Simple,  A.  Nervous. 

Apoplexy,  Renal,  Apoplex'ia  rena'lie.  A 
condition  of  the  kidney,  characterized  by  knotty, 
irregular,  tuberculated  eminences,  some  of  a  deep 
black  colour.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  substance 
of  the  kidney. 

Apoplexy,  Serous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Spinal, 
Apoplexia  myelitica. 

APOPNEUSIS,  Exhalatio. 

APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation. 

APOPNOE,  Exspiratio. 

APOPNCEA,  Exspiratio. 

APOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APOPTO'SIS,  from  cnro^To,,  'I  fall  down.' 
A  relaxation  of  bandages. — Erotian. 

APORRHOE,  Aporrhcea. 

APORRH(E'A,  Apor'rhoe,  Ajior'rhysis,  Dejtu'- 
vium,  from  anopptu,  'I  flow  from.'  An  emana- 
tion, effluvium,  contagion. — Moschion.  A  falling 
off  of  the  hair,  according  to  some. 

APORRHYSIS,  Aporrhoea. 

APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep>'sis,  from  a-oaKtzw, 
'I  lie  down,  I  direct  myself  towards.'  Afflux  of 
fluids  towards  a  part.  Metastasis.  The  first 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  excrements. — Hip- 
pocrates, Galen. 

APOSCENOSIS,  Apocenosis. 

APOSCEPARNIS'MUS,  Deascia'tio,  from  airo 
and  aKtirapvov,  'a  hatchet.'  Wound  of  the  cra- 
nium, by  a  cutting  instrument,  in  which  a  piece 
of  the  bone  has  been  cut  out,  as  with  a  hatchet, 
— Gorraeus. 

APOSCEPSIS,  Aposcemma. 

APOS'CHASIS,  Aposchas'mus,  from  aTtoa^a^u), 
'I  scarify.'  Scarijica'tion.  A  slight  superficial  in- 
cision in  the  skin.     Also,  blood-letting. — Hippoc. 

APOS'IA,  Sitis  defec'tus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  7TOO-I?,  '  drink.'  Want  of  thirst,  absence  of 
desire  for  liquids. 

APOSI'TIA,  from  aizo,  'from,'  and  cirog,  'food.' 
Aversion  for  food. — Galen.     See  Disgust. 

APOSIT'IC,  Ajiosit' icus ;  the  same  etymology. 
Any  substance  which  destroys  the  appetite,  or 
suspends  hunger. 

APOSPAS'MA,  from  awoo-Truo),  'I  tear  or  lace- 
rate. (F.)  Arrachement.  A  solution  of  continu- 
ity, especially  of  a  ligament ;  Rhegma  ligamen- 
ta're,  Lacera'tio  ligamenta'ria. 

APOSPHACEL'ISIS,  Aposphacelis'mus,  from 
ano,  and  cfyaiceXos,  '  mortification.'  Ganatene  in 
wounds  and  fractures,  owing  to  the  bandages 
being  too  tight. — Hippocrates. 

APOSPHINX'IS,  aizootpiyfc,  constriction,  com- 
pression. The  action  of  a  tight  bandage. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

APOSPONGIS'MUS,  the  act  of  sponging  for 
any  purpose. — Gorraeus. 

APOSTALAG'MA,  Apostag'ma,  from  a-o, 
'from,'  and  oraAa£w,  'I  drop.'  The  ancient  name 
for  the  saccharine  liquor  which  flows  from  grapes 
when  not  yet  pressed. 

APOS'TASIS,  from   a-o,  and  igtvjxi,  '  I  stop.' 


APOSTAXIS 


SI    APPAREILS    DE   FORMATION 


The  ancients  had  different  significations  for  this 

word.    It  wu  most  commonly  need  for  an  eb- 

paratlon  of  a  fragment  of  bone  by 

fracture.    Removal  of  rtinoaai)   by  soma  excre- 

ti.>n,  A  ■■. 

APOSTAX'IS,   from   anoorafa  '  I  distil  from.' 
The  defluxioo  of  any   humour,  as  of  i 
blood  from  the  D080. — HippOOl 

APOSTE'MA,  from  ■»•,  'from,'  and  lanjpu,  'I 
settle/ or   from    apiarr^pi,  '  I  recede  from.'     This1 

by  the  amients  somewhat  vaguely. 
It  meant  an  affection  in  which  parte,  previously 
in  001  '  arated  from  eaeh  other  by  a 

fluid  collected  between  them.     The  moderns  re- 
gard it  a-  synonymous  with  Abeeetm.  Son, 
of  the  moderns,  nave  applied  it  to  any  watery 
tumour,  to  tumours  in  general. 

A.P0ST1  m  \  Cerebri,  Eneephalopyosis — a.  Em- 
pyema, Empyema — a.  Parulis,  Parulis — a.  Pba- 
i.  Foureh — a.  Psoatieum,  Lumbar  abscess. 

APOSTEMACION,  Al 

APOSTERIG'MA,    from     mroaTvpifa,   'I  pup- 
port.'     Anything  that  supports  a  diseased  part, 
as   a    cushion,   a.    pillow,    Ac. — (ialen.     A    deep- 
nid  inveterate  disease  of  the  intestines. — 
Hippocrates. 

APOS'THIA,  Leipoder'mia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  KocOia.  'prepuce.'     Want  of  prepuce. 
APOSTHUME,  Abac 
APOSTOLUS,  Eztraetum. 
APOSTOLO'Rl  M    DNQUENTTJM,  DoaTeca- 
pkcur'maeum,  Ointment  of  the  Apostle*.  So  called, 
because  as  many  solid  ingredients  entered  into 
mposition   as  there  were  apostles.     It  con- 
tained several  resins  and  gum-resins,  yellow  wax, 
oil,  vinegar,  verdigris,  Ac,  and  was  formerly  em- 
mlnerary. 
APOSTROPHE,  from    a*o,   and   arpc^u,  'I 
turn.'    An  aversion  or  disgust  for  food. — Paulus. 
Also,   the  direction  of   humours    towards    other 
parts. 

APOSYRM  \.  Abrasion,  Desquamation. 
APOTELES'MA,  from  airo,  and  rcXtcfxa,  'com- 
pletion.'    The  result  or  termination  of  a  disease. 
ilso,  Amuletum. 
AP0THANA8IA,  see  Death. 
A  I'1 '  1  11  EM  'AfPharmace'um,  Pharmacopo'lium, 
from  a™,  and  riOrjfii,  'to  place.'   Any  place  where 
-  ;ire  kept,  and  therefore  'a  shop,'  and  par- 
ticularly a  wine  cellar.   A  place  or  vessel  wherein 
medicines  arc  kept.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHECARIES' HALL.  The  Hall  of  the 
Corporation  or  Society  of  Apothecaries  of  Lon- 
don, where  medicines  are  prepared  and  sold 
under  their  direction,  &c.  This  Company  ob- 
tain'.] a  charter  of  incorporation  in  the  loth  year 
of  James  the  First  No  general  practitioner  can 
establish  himself  in  England  or  Wales,  without 
having  obtained  a  license  from  the  Court  of  Ex- 
aminers of  the  Company. 

A  P(  i  1  II  'E(  A  U  Y.  Apotheea'rhttf  Dinpen»a'tar, 
Pharm  Pharmacopar'ue,    Pkarma'ceue, 

Pkarmaceu'ta,  Pigmenta'riue,  RhitoPomm,  My- 
ropo'let,  Myropo'lut,  Pharmacter,  Pbarnureur'- 
gietUj  Pharmaeur'gus,  Pharmaeevftfsi,  same  deri- 
vation, (Prov.  Pot'ecary,  (Be.)  Pottingar,  V. 
Apothicaire,  Pharmacien,  Pharmacopole*  In 
every  country  •  \  pi  Qreat  Britain,  it  means  one 
who  sells  drugs,  makes  up  prescriptions,  Ac.  In 
addition  to  these  offices,  which,  indeed,  they 
rarely  exercise,  except  in  the  ease  of  their  own 
patients,  the  Apothecaries  in  England  form  a 
privileged  class  of  practitioners  —  a  kind  of  sub- 
physician.     Bee  Burgeon-apothecary. 

APOTHERAPEl'A,  ApotherapTa,  Apothera- 

peu'tie,  from  mwoSepartvti,  [awe  and  Ocpazevu),)  'I 

cure.'    A  perfect  euro. — Hippoo.     In  the  ancient 

Gymnastics,  it  meant  the  last  part  of  the  exer- 

:  —the  friction,  inunction,   ami  bathing,  for 


the  purpose   of  obviating  fatigue,  or  curing  dis- 
ease.— (ialen.  Gorraius. 

AP0THERAPE1  BIS,  Apotherapeia. 

APOTHER'MUM,  from  .,-<,.  and  $lpt,v,  'heat.' 
A  pickle  made  of  mustard,  oil,  and  vinegar. — 
Galen. 

APOTH'ESIS,    from    evert&pi,    'I    r. tj 

lition    proper  to  be  given  to  a  fractured 
limb,  after  reduction. 

APOTHICAIRE,  Apothecary. 

APOTHIC AIR  ERIE  (P.),  from  im&V,,  'a 
warehouse,  shop.'    The  same  as  Apothecaj 
a  gallipot.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHLIM'MA,   from   a-o,    and    5>i/3«,   'I* 
press   from.'      Anciently,    the    dregs,   ami 
times  the  expressed  juii    . 
plants. —  <  torrseus. 

APOTHRAU'SIS,  from  airoSpavw,  'I  break.* 
Fracture  of  a  bone,  with  spicula  remaining.  Ex- 
traction of  a  spiculum  of  bone. — Gorrajus.  Also, 
Abscission. 

AP0TILM08,  Evulsion. 

APOT'OKOS,  from  avo,  and  tiktu,  'I  bring 
forth.'     An  abortive  foetus. — Hippocrates. 

APOTOME,  Amputation. 

APOTOMIA,  Amputation. 

APOTROP.El'M.  Amuletum. 

APOTROPE,  Aversion.  Also,  deviation  —  as 
of  a  limb — l'u nit' rope. 

APOXYSMUS,  Abrasion. 

APOZEM,  Decoction. 

APOZESIS,  Decoction. 

APPARA'Tl  S.  Pareuceu%  from  ad  and  par 
rare,  '  to  prepare.'  This  word  signifies  a  collec- 
tion of  instruments,  &c,  for  any  op-eration  what- 
ever.    (F.)  Appareil. 

In  Surgery,  it  means  the  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  instruments  and  objects  nee 
for  an  operation  or  dressing.  By  extension,  the 
French  give  the  name  Appareil,  Cap*a  chirur'- 
gica,  to  the  case  or  drawers  in  which  the  appara- 
tus is  arranged. 

Apparatus  has  likewise  been  applied  to  the 
different  modes  of  operating  for  the  stone.  See 
Lithotomy. 

In  Physiology,  Apparatus,  (F.)  Appareil,  is  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  organs,  all  of  which  work 
towards  the  same  end.  A  system  of  organs  com- 
prehends all  those  formed  of  a  similar  texture. 
An  apparatus  often  comprehends  organs  of  very 
different  nature.  In  the  former,  there  is  analogy 
of  structure;  in  the  latter,  analogy  of  function. 

Apparatts  Altus,  see  Lithotomy. 

APPARATUS  Immov'able  (F.),  Appareil  immo- 
bile, Immovable  Bandage,  Pcrmauent  Bandage. 
An  apparatus  for  fractures,  which  is  generaJly 
formed  by  wetting  the  bandages  in  some  sub- 
stance, as  starch  or  dextrin,  which  becomes  solid, 
and  retains  the  parts  in  situ. 

Apparatus    Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  a. 

Major,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Minor,  see  Lithotomy. 

APPAREIL,  Apparatus,  Bottier —  ".  TJiap. 
nogene,  see  Perspiration  —  a.  Grand,  see  Litho- 
tomy—  or.  If'titt,  see  Lithotomy  —  a.  Immobile, 
Apparatus,  immovable — u.  Laerymal,  sec  Lachry- 
mal passages  —  a.  LateralisS,  see  Lithotomy  —  ". 
NevrothOe,  see  NivrothUe  —  </.  Petit,  Bee  Litho- 
tomy— a.  Pigmental,  Pigmental  apparatus. 

APPAREILS  DE  FORMA  TIONCB.).  Gall 
admits,  in  the  brain,  two  kinds  of  fibres;  the 
one,  divergent,  proceeding  from  the  cerebral 
peduncles  to  the  convolutions,  and  constituting 
what  he  calls  appareils  de formation:  the  other, 
convergent,  and  proceeding  from  the  convolutions 
to  the  centre  of  the  organ,  constituting  what  be 
calls  appareils  de  riunion.  The  first,  gj  a  whole, 
Conn  the  organs  of  the  mental  faculties  j  the  h,ti,  ,- 
are  commissures,  which  unite  parts  of  the  organ 
that  are  double  and  in  pairs. 


APPAUVRI 


APYROMELE 


APPAUVRI,  Impoverished. 

APPENDICE,  Appendix  —  a.  Coecal,  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  caeei — a.  Digital,  Appendix  ver- 
miformis caeci  —  a.  Sous-sternale,  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage—  a.  Su8-8phendidale  du  cervcau,  Pituitary 
gland — a.  Xiphvide,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

Appendices  Coli  Adipose,  Appendicular  epi- 
ploicae — a.  Epiplo'iques,  Appendiculae  epiploicae. 

APPEXDICULA  CEREBRI,  Pituitary  gland 
—  a.  Vermiformis  caeci,  see  Appendix  —  a.  Epi- 
ploica,  Epiploic  appendage. 

APPENDICULAE  PiXGUEDIXO'S^J,  A. 
-  Epiplo'icce,  Epip'loic  append' ages,  Appen'dices 
coli  adipo'sce,  Eim'brice  carno'scs  coli,  Supplemni'- 
ta  epiplo'ica,  Oinen'tula,  (F.)  Appendices  Epi^ 
plo'iques.  Prolongations  of  the  peritoneum  be- 
yond the  surface  of  the  great  intestine,  which 
are  analogous  in  texture  and  arrangement  to 
omenta. 

APPEX'DIX,  Epiphysis,  from  appendere,  (ad 
and  peudere,  'to  hang,')  'to  hang  from/  Any 
part  that  adheres  to  an  organ  or  is  continuous 
with  it : — seeming  as  if  added  to  it.  An  append- 
age ;  an  apophysis,  (F.)  Appendice,  Annexe. 

Appendix  Auriculae,  see  Auricles  of  the 
Heart — a.  Cerebri,  Pituitary  gland  —  a.  ad  Cere- 
brum, Cerebellum  —  a.  Cutanea  Septi  Xarium, 
Statica  Septi  Xarium — a.  to  the  Epididymis,  Vas- 
culum  aberrans — a.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum. 

Appendix  Vermifor'mis,  Appendic'ula  Ver- 
mifor'mis  Cce'ci,  Tubus  Vermicula'ris  Cceci,  Ec'- 
phyas,  Additamen'tum  Coli,  Appen'dix  Cceci,  (F.) 
Appendice  vermiforme,  A.  ccecal  ou  digital.  A 
vermicular  process,  the  size  of  a  goose-quill, 
which  hangs  from  the  intestine  caecum.  Its 
functions  are  unknown. 

Appendix  Vesicae,  see  Bladder,  sacculated. 

APPEXSIO,  see  Analeptia. 

AP'PETEXCE,  Appeten'tia,from  appetere,  (ad 
and  petere,)  'to  desire.'  An  ardent,  passionate 
desire  for  anv  object. 

APPETIT,  PERTE  D\  Anorexia. 

AP'PETITE,  Appeti'tus,  Appeten'tia,  Appeti"- 
tia,  (ad  and  petere,)  'to  seek,'  Cujn'do,  Orex'is, 
Orme  :  same  etymology  as  the  last.  An  internal 
sensation,  which  warns  us  of  the  necessity  of  ex- 
erting certain  functions,  especially  those  of  diges- 
tion and  generation.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called 
venereal  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  venerien:  in  the 
former,  simply  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  ou  Appeti- 
tion.  If  the  desire  for  food,  occasioned  by  a  real 
want,  be  carried  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  called 
hunger,  when  solid  food  is  concerned;  thirst,  when 
liquid.  Appetite  and  hunger  ought  not,  how- 
ever, to  be  employed  synonymously:  they  are 
different  degrees  of  the  same  want.  Hunger  is 
an  imperious  desire  :  it  cannot  be  provoked,  like 
the  appetite.  It  is  always  allayed  by  eating  :  but 
not  so  the  appetite;  for.  at  times,  it  may  be  ex- 
cited in  this  manner.  They  are  very  generally, 
however,  used  synonymously. 

Appetite,  Morbid,  Limosis. 

Ap'petite,  Vene'real,  Venereal  desire,  (F.) 
Le  genesique.  Amour  physique,  Sens  genital.  The 
instinctive  feeling  that  attracts  the  sexes  towards 
each  other  to  effect  the  work  of  reproduction. 

APPETITUS  CAXIXUS,  Boulimia— a.  Defi- 
cient, Dvsorexia. 

APPLE,  ADAM'S,  Pomum  Adami— a.  Bitter, 
Cucumis  coloeynthis  —  a.  Curassoa,  Aurantium 
curassaventium — a.  Dead  Sea,  see  Quercus  infec- 
toria — a.  Eye,  see  Melon — a.  of  the  Eye,  Pupil 
— a.  Mad,  see  Quercus  infectoria — a.  May,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum  —  a.  of  Peru,  Datura  stramo- 
nium— a.  Root,  Euphorbia  corollata — a.  of  Sodom, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

Apple  Tea,  Apple  water.  Slice  two  large,  not 
over-ripe  apples,  and  pour  over  a  pint  of  boiling 


water.     After  an  hour,  pour  off  the  fluid,  and,  if 
necessary,  sweeten  with  sugar. 

Apple  Tree,  Pyrus  malus. 

APPLICA'TA,  from  applicare,  (ad  and  plicare, 
'to  fold/)  'to  apply/  A  word,  unnecessarily  in- 
troduced into  medical  language,  to  express  the 
objects  which  are  applied  immediately  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  body,  as  clothes,  cosmetics,  baths,  tic. 
—Halle. 

APPLICA'TrOX,  Applica'tio,  (same  etymon,) 
in  a  moral  signification,  is  synonymous  with  at- 
tention. Also,  the  act  of  applying  one  thing  to 
another ;  as  the  application  of  an  apparatus,  of 
a  bandage,  blister,  &c. 

APPREHEX'SIO,  from  ad  and  prehendere, 
'to  take.'  This  word  is  employed  in  various 
senses.  It  means  catalepsy  or  catoche.  —  Paul 
Zacchias.  A  kind  of  bandage  for  securing  any 
part.     Also,  a  therapeutical  indication. 

APP ROCHE,  Coition. 

APPROXIMA'TIOX,  Apprvxima'tio,  from  ad 
and  proximus,  'nearest.'  Ettmuller  gave  this 
name  to  a  pretended  method  of  curing  disease, 
by  making  it  pass  from  man  into  some  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  the  aid  of  immediate  contact. 

APRAC'TA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  -rrpacau).  'I  act.' 
Without  action.  An  epithet  for  the  parts  of  ge- 
neration, when  unfit  for  copulation  or  generation. 

APRICATIO,  Insolation. 

APRICOT,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

APROCTUS,  see  Atretus. 

APROXIA,  Tamus  communis. 

APROSO'PIA,  Triocephal'ia,  from  a,  priv., 
and  irpoauTTov,  'the  face.'  A  malformation,  which 
consists  in  the  face  being  deficient. 

APROSOPUS,  Microprosopus. 

APSIXTHIA'TUM,  from  a^u^cov,  'worm- 
wood.' A  sort  of  drink  made  of  wormwood. 
— Ae'tius. 

APSIXTHITES,  Absinthites. 

APSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APSYCHISME,  Idiotism. 

APSYCHY,  Syncope. 

APSYXIA,  Syncope. 

APTH.E,  Aphthae. 

APTYS'TOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ttvu>,  'I  spit.' 
Devoid  of  expectoration.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  pleurisies,  in  which  there  is  no  expectora- 
tion.— Hippocrates. 

APUS,  see  Apodia. 

APY'ETOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Ttvov,  'pus/  An 
external  affection,  which  does  not  end  in  suppu- 
ration. 

APYTQUE,  Apyros. 

A'PYOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ttvov,  'pus.'  (F.) 
Apyique.     That  which  does  not  afford  pus. 

APYRECTIC,  Apyretic. 

APYREXOMELE,  Apyromele. 

APYRET'IC,  Apyret'icus,  Apyrec'tic,  Apyrec'- 
ticus,  Ap>yr'etus,  from  a,  priv.,  and  -nvp,  'fire, 
fever.'  Without  fever.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
days  in  which  there  is  no  paroxysm  of  a  disease, 
as  in  the  case  of  an  intermittent,  as  well  as  to 
some  local  affections  which  do  not  induce  fever. 
Urticaria  is  sometimes  called  an  apyretic  exan- 
ihem. 

APYREX'IA,  A'pyrexy.  The  same  etymology. 
Absence  of  fever;  Dialem'ma,  Dialeip'sis,  Dio- 
lip'sis,  Tempus  intercala're,  Interval' lum,  Inter- 
mis' sio.  Apyrexia  is  the  condition  of  an  inter- 
mittent fever  between  the  paroxysms:  the  dura- 
tion of  the  apyrexia  consequent^  depends  on 
the  type  of  the  intermittent.  Occasionally,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  the  cessation  of  the 
febrile  condition  in  acute  diseases. 

APYROME'LE,  Apyrenome'le,  from  a,  priv., 
-vpnv,  'a  nut,'  and  ^A??,  'a  sound.'  A  sound  or 
probe,  without  a  button  or  nut.    It  is  the  Melo'tie, 


AQUA 


A  Q  0  A   8  A  L  U  B  B  I  8 


Specif  lam  auricula' rium  or  Auricular  sound  of 
Galen. 

\.  (Trine!  Water —  a.  Aoidi  earbonioi, 
Acidulous  water  —  a.  Acidula  hydrosulpburata, 
Naples  water  (factitious) —  a.  Anna  tixi.  A.-idu- 

a.  Alkalina  oxymuriatica, 

Eau  (le  Javelle —  a.  Aluminis  composite,  Liquor 
aluminis  eompositua — a.  Alomi  ana,  Li- 

qnor  aluminu  oompositus — a.  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammonia — a.  Liquor  ammo- 

etatis —  a.  Ammonia  earbonatis,  Liquor 
ammonia  subcerbonati —  a.  Ammonia  caustics, 
Liquor  ammonia — a.  Amoii,  Liquor  AmniL 

AQD  V    A.MVUHAl     .  ,  A.   d»ll/- 

dola' rum  omora' rum,  (F.)  Lou  d' Am  I 

of  bitter  almond*.    Made  by  bruising  well 

unds   of  Litter  almonds ;   adding,  whilst 

triturating,  tea  pounds  of  tpring  water,  and  four 

pounds  ol  alcohol j  letting  the  mixture  rest  in  a 

well-el  ;nd  then  distilling  two  pounds. 

-t.ad  of  the  Aqua  Laurm-era.-i,  and  the 
Hydrocyanic  acid.  It  must  be  given  with  great 
caution. 

An    Aqua    a    yg'daloi   ama'ra>,   Hitler  Almond 

n  introduced  into  the  Last  edition 

of  the  ;.    (OL   amygdaL   amor. 

TT^  xvj  ;  Magnet.  Carbon.  3J  )  Aqua:  Uij.)     Lose, 

Ayt'.v  Anbtbi,  see  Anethum  graveolens —  a. 
Aniai,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  a.  Anisi  Portia, 
Spiritua  aniai  —  a.  Aquiegranensis,  see  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  —  a,  Auditoria,  Cotaanius,  Liquor  of — 
a.  Aurantii.  see  Cit*is  aurantium  —  a.  Azotica 
nii  protoxydi — a.  Balsa- 
miea  arterialis,  Aqua  Binellii — a.  Bareginensis, 
a  water  —  a.  Baryta  Muriatis,  sec  Baryta, 
muriate  of — a.  BeUilucana,  Balaruc  waters  —  a. 
Benediota,  Liquor  eeleu —  a,  Benediota  oompo- 
sita. Liquor  caleia  eompositua — a.  Benediota  Ku- 
landi,  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati. 

,  LiNKi.'i.n,  A'-'/ua  BineUi,  Aqua  H 

i-U.i's  ttyptie,  (F.)  Ban  dc  Bi- 
.     A  celebrated  Italian  bamoatatie,  invented 
BinellL     Its  composition  is  unknown,  but 
its   virtues   have   been   ascribed  to   creasotc  :    al- 
though there  is  reason  for  believing  it  to  | 
no  more  activity  than  cold  water.     Aqua  Monte- 
1'.)  Eon  d-    Momterotti,  appears  to  be  of 
mposition. 
Aoi  v     BOBVOVBXSIS,     Bourbonne-les-Baines, 
mineral  waters  of — a.  Briatoliensia,  Bristol  water. 
Aqua  Bbocchib'rIi,  Aequo   Broeekieri,  Broc- 
i .  irt  watt  r,   Brocchit  /<"> 

til  '<•    Broeekieri,  Eau  ttyptique  de  Broe- 
ekieri.    A  supposed  styptic,  which  made  much 
me  time.     It  is  devoid  of  effi- 
I>r.  Paris  found  nothing  in  it  but  water 
me  vegetable  essence. 

r.  Liquor  oaleis — a.  Cal- 

;uor  Oaleis — a.  Calois  composite,  Liquor 

tmpoaitua  —  a.  Camphora,  Misture  earn- 

phora; — a.  Oamphorata,  1  Cupri  sulphas 

lula,    Acidulous    water. 

simple  —  a.  Carui,  see  Oarum  Carui —  a.  C 

tapnltarnsn,  Arquebmeadt, 

eon  ft — a.  Chlorini.  see  Chlorine. 

'an,    Cinnamon     wad  >•,    (Sc.) 
Cannel  ir,i>, ,-.  Distilled  water  of  Cinnamon  Bark. 
Prepared  also  in  the  following  manner.     OL  Oin- 
nom.  fzsa;  Magnet.   Oarbon.  Q  ]  Aq.  »'■ 
Oij.      Rul)   the    oil    and    carbonate  of    mag 

add  the  water  gradually,  and  filter,     (l'h.  U.  S.) 

-   iritua  Cinnamomi 

— a.  Coloeetrensis,  Colchester,  mineral  waters  of. 

\  Colora'ta,  '  coloured  water.'    A  name 

given  to  a  prescription  in  which   simple  OOloared 

water  ia  contained.    Used  in  hospital  east 
I  illy,  where  %  placebo  ia  demanded. 

AUjSa  Ol  PBU  AmMOSIATA,  Liquor   c.  a. — a.  Cu- 


pri vitriolati  composite,  Liquor  cupri  snlphatia 
oompoeita — a.  inter  Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Destil- 
lata.  Water,  distilled. 

i'i:i  m.  'Water  of  Smiths.'  Water  in 
which  hot  iron  has  been  quenched.  A  feeble 
ohalyl 

AQUA  Fi.oki  m  Am:amii,soo  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  Fluviatilis.  Water,  river. 

Aon  Fcksic'i  i.!.  Fennel  water.  The  distilled 
water  of  fennel  seed.  It  may  be  prepared  also 
like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Water,  spring — a.  Perl 
trie  acid — a.  Gtoulardi,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutua  —  a.  liepatica,  Hydrosulphuretted  water 

—  a.  Bordeata,  Deooctnm  hordei  —  a.  Imbrium, 
Water,  rain — a.  Infernalis,  see  Toddy — a.  Inter- 
ests, Anasarca  — a.  Inter  Cutem.  Anasarca  —  a. 
Jnniperi  oompoeita,  Bpiritus  juniperi  oompositna 
— a.  Kali,  Liquor  potassa  subcarbonatis — a.  Kali 
oaustici,  Liquor  potasese — a.  Kali  praparati, 
Liquor  potassa  subcarbonatii — a.  Kali  puri, 
Liquor  potassa  —  a.  Kali  subcarbonatis,  ! 
potassa  subcarbonatis — a.  Labyrinthi,  Cotunnius, 
liquor  of — a.  Lactis.  Serum  lactis- — a.  ex.  Lacii, 
Water,  lake — a.  Lauro-cerasi.  see  Pntnus  Lauro- 
eerasus — a.  Lithargyri  aeetati  composite,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  a  piritUS 
ammonia'  sueeinatus — a.  Marina,  Water,  sea — a. 
Medicate,  Water,  mineral. 

AQ€  a  Mi:m  :i.::  I'ipi:!;;' t  r.  Peppermint    ■ 
The  distilled  water  of  peppermint.     It  may   be 
prepared  like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Mbhth^  Pipbbitidis  Sptjutuosa,  Spi- 
ritus  mentha  piperita — a.  Mentha  pub  _ 
Mentha  pulegium — a.  Mentha  riridis,  Spearmint 

water,  see  Aqua  mentha  piperita' — a.  Mentha 
vulgaris  spirituosa,  Bpiritus  mentha  \iiidis — a. 
Mineralis,  Water,  mineral — a.  Mirabilis,  Bpiritus 
pimenta  —  a.  Monteroeei,  see  Aqua  Binellii  —  a. 
Mulsa,  Ilydromeli  —  a.  Natri  Oxymuriatici,  Li- 
quor sodce  chlorinata  —  a.  Neapolitans,  Naples 
water,  (factitious)  —  a.  Nephritica,  Bpiritus  my- 
ristiea. 

Aqta  Xitkogkn'ii  PitoTox'vni,  Protox'ide 
■or/en  Water,  Aqua  azot'ica  oxygx 
Seqrle't  patent  oxgg"enous  aerated  water.  A  pa- 
tent solution  of  protoxide  ol  said  to 
contain  five  times  its  own  bulk  of  - 
been  recommended  as  a  nervine,  and  excitant  in 
nervous  conditions,  dyspepsia,  Ac.  It  has  also 
been  used  in  cholera,  and  to  counteract  the  evil 
consequences  of  drunkenness.  The  dose  is  fxvj, 
or  §viii,  two  or  three  times  a  day:  or,  in  dys- 
pepsia, as  a  beverage  between  meals. 

Aqua  Xivata.  Water,  sm.w — a.  Nuoia  mosohe- 
tae,  Spiritus  myristieie — a.  Ophthalmica,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora — a.  Palndosa, 
Water,  marsh — a.  Pedum,  Urine  —  a.  Pericardii, 
see  Pericardium  —  a.  Phagedenica,  see  Bydrar- 
gyri  Ozymnrias — a.  Pioea,  see  Pinus  sylvestria — 

a.  Picis,  see  Pinus  sylvestri r.  Pimenl 

Myrtns  Pimenta  —  a.  Plumbi,  Liquor  Plumbi, 
.-ubaeetatis  dilutus — a.  IMuvialis.  Water,  rain  —  a. 
Potassa,  Liquor  potassa — a.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha 
pulegium — a.  Pulegii  Bpirituoea,  Spiritua  > 
— a.  Puteelia,  Water,  well — a.  ex  Poteo,  \^  aicr, 
well — a.  Kabelli.  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a.  Rapir- 
ani  oompoeita,  Spiritus  armoracia  eompositua  — 
a.  Regie,  Nitromuriatio  acid. 

Aqua  Rosae,  /.'■•-'   Water,  Rhodottag'ma, 
centi/oL  Ibviij :  A<ju(p  eong.  ij.  M.  Distil  a 

—  l'h.  U.  S.) 

\  Bah  p.. ms.  Water,  mineral—*.  Bambuei, 
see  Sambucu — a.  Bappbarina,  Liquor  eupri  am- 
moniata — a.  Batumi,  Liquor  plumbi  subi 
dilutus — a.  Sclopetaria,  Arquebutade  '"»  (/" — a. 
Beminnm  anisi  oomposita,  Spiritus  anisi — a.  S<  mi- 
num  carui  fortis.  Bpiritus  carui       i.  S 

■ 


AQUJE    ACIDULJE 


84 


AQUIPAROUS 


mineral — a.  Stygia,  Nitro-rauriatic  acid — a.  Styp- 
tica,  Liquor  cupri  sulphatis  composita —  a.  Sul- 
phurata  simplex,  Hydrosulphuretted  water  —  a. 
Sulphured  ammonia),  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  —  a. 
Thediana,  Arqucbusade  eau  d' — a.  Theriacalis 
Bezoardica,  Chylostagma  diaphoreticum  Minde- 
reri  —  a.  Tofana,  Liquor  arsenicalis —  a.  Tosti 
panis.  Toast  water  —  a.  Traumatica  Thedenii, 
Arquebusade  eau  d' — a.  Vegeto-rnineralis,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  a.  Yiciensis,  Vichy 
water  —  a.  Vitriolica  camphorata,  Liquor  zinci 
sulphatis  cum  camphora —  a.  Vitriolica  caerulea, 
Solutio  sulphatis  cupri  composita — a.  Vulneraria, 
Arquebu8a.de  eau,  d'  —  a.  Zinci  vitriolati  cum 
camphora,  Liquor  zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora. 

AQTLE  ACIDUL.E,  Acidulous  waters  — a. 
Badigure,  Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Badizae, 
Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Bathoniae,  Bath, 
Mineral  waters  of — a.  Buxtoniensis,  Buxton,  Mi- 
neral waters  of — a.  Calida?,  Aigues  caudes  —  a. 
Cantuarienses,  Canterbury,  waters  of — a.  Chaly- 
beate, Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate. 

Aqu.E  Destilla'tje,  Hydrola'ta,  Distilled 
Waters,  (F.)  Hydrolats.  These  are  made  by 
putting  vegetable  substances,  as  roses,  mint, 
pennyroyal,  &c,  into  a  still  with  water,  and 
drawing  off  as  much  as  is  found  to  possess  the 
aromatic  properties  of  the  plant.  To  every  gallon 
of  the  distilled  water,  5  oz.  of  spirit  should  be 
added  to  preserve  it.  The  simple  distilled  waters 
are  sometimes  called  Aqua  stillatit"ia  sim'plices  : 
the  spirituous,  Aquce  stillatit' ice  sjiirituo'sa?,  but 
more  commonly  Spir'itus. 

Aqujs  Ferros.e,  Waters,  mineral,  chabybeate. 

Aqc-e  Martiales,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate. 

Aqvje  MbdICA'tjs,  Medicated  u-aters  include,  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  prepara- 
tions consisting  of  waters  impregnated  with  some 
medicinal  substance,  which  arenotarrangedin  any 
other  class.  Among  these  are  the  "  Waters,"  and 
"Distilled  waters"  of  the  British  pharmacopoeias. 

Aqu.e  Metes,  Hydrophobia — a.  Minerales  aci- 
dulae — a.  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous — a.  Minerales 
ferruginosa?,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate — a.  Mi- 
nerales sulphureae,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous 
— a.  Stillatitia?,  Aquae  destillatae — a.  Solis,  Bath, 
mineral  waters  of. 

AQUJ3DUCTUS,  Aq'ueduct,  from  aqua,  'wa- 
ter,' and  ducere,  ductum,  '  to  lead.'  (P.)  ,Aque- 
duc.  Properly,  a  canal  for  conducting  water 
from  one  place  to  another.  Anatomists  have 
used  it  to  designate  certain  canals. 

Aqujeductus  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — a.  Cotunnii,  Aquaeductus  vestibuli. 

Aqu^educ'tus  Coch'le.e,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  Li- 
macon  ;  —  a  very  narrow  canal  which  proceeds 
from  the  tympanic  scala  of  the  cochlea  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  pars  petrosa. 

Aqt.educ'tus  Fallo'pii,  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii, 
Canal  spiro'ide  de  I'os  temporal  of  Chaussier,  (F.) 
Aqueduc  de  Fallope.  A  canal  in  the  pars  petro- 
sa of  the  temporal  bone,  which  extends  from  the 
meatus  auditorius  internus  to  the  foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum,  and  gives  passage  to  the  facial 
nerve.  The  opening  into  this  aqueduct  is  called 
Hia'tus  Fallo'pii,  H.  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  Fissu'- 
ra  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  For  a' men  Tari'ni,  F. 
anon'}/ mum  Ferrein'ii. 

Aqu.educ'tus  Syl'vii,  Cana'lis  eminen'tice 
quadrigem'inee,  Iter  ad  quartum  ventric' ulum  seu 
d  ter'tio  ad  quar'tnm  ventric1  ulum,  Cana'lis  me'di- 
vs,  (F.)  Aqueduc  de  Sylvius,  Canal  intermediare 
des  veufricules  of  Chaussier.  A  canal  forming  a 
communication  between  the  third  and  fourth 
ventricles  of  the  brain.  The  ventricular  opening 
is  termed  anus  cer'ebri. 

Aqu.educ'tus  Vestib'uli,  Aquceductus  Cotun'- 
nii,  Canal  of  Cotun'nius,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  vestibule 
ou  Aqueduc  de  Cotugno.     This  begins  in  the  ves- 


tibule, near  the  common  orifice  of  the  two  semi- 
circular canals,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  pars  petrosa. 

AQUALIC'ULUS,  from  aqualis,  '  a  water-pot.' 
That  part  of  the  abdomen  which  extends  from 
the  umbilicus  to  the  pubes.  See  Hypogastrium. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  the  stomach  or  intes- 
tinal canal. 

AQUAS'TER.  A  word  used,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  express  the  visions  or  hallucinations  of  pa- 
tients. 

AQUEDUC,  Aqueduct — a.  de  Cotugno,  Aqua1- 
ductus  vestibuli — a.  de  Fallope,  Aquaeductus  Fal- 
lopii  —  a.  du  Limacon,  Aquaeductus  cochleae  —  a. 
de  Sylvius,  Aquaeductus  Sylvii — a.  du  Vestibule, 
Aquaeductus  vestibuli. 

AQUEDUCT,  Aquaeductus. 

A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aquo'sus,  Hydato'des. 
Hydro' des,  from  aqua,  'water/  (F.)  Aqueux, 
Watery.  The  absorbents  or  lymphatics  are 
sometimes  called,  in  France,  Conduits  ou  Canaux 
aqueux. 

Aqueous  Humour  of  the  Eye,  Humor  aquo'- 
sus, Ooei'des,  Oo'des,  Hydato'i'des,  Hydato'des, 
Ova'tus  seu  Ovifor'mis  humour,  Albugin'eous  hu- 
mour, (F.)  Humeur  aqueuse.  The  limpid  fluid 
which  fills  the  two  chambers  of  the  eye,  from  the 
cornea  to  the  crystalline,  and  which  is,  conse- 
quently, in  contact  with  the  two  surfaces  of  the 
iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6  grains :  s.  g.  1.0003.  It 
contains  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  phos- 
phate of  lime  in  small  quantity;  and  is  enveloped 
in  a  fine  membrane  : — the  membrane  of  the  aqueous 
humour,  Tunica  p>ropria  seu  Vagi'na  seu  Mem- 
bra'na  seu  Cap'sula  humo'ris  a'quei  seu  J/etu- 
bra'na  Demui  ia'na  seu  Descemet'ii,  Jlembrane 
of  Demours  or  of  Descemet ;  although  these  last 
terms  are  by  some  appropriated  to  a  third  layer 
of  the  cornea. 

AQUEUS,  Aqueous. 

A  QUID  UC  A,  Hydragogues. 

AQUIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium  — a.  Foliis 
deciduis,  Prinos. 

AQUILA,  Hydrargyri  submurias,  Sulphur. 

The  alchymists  used  this  word  for  sublimed 
sal  ammoniac,  precipitated  mercury,  arsenic,  sul- 
phur, and  the  philosopher's  stone.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri Submurias,  and  Sulphur. 

Aq'eila  Ccelest'is  ,•  a  sort  of  panacea,  of 
which  mercury  was  a  constituent. 

Aq'uila  Lach'rym^e;  a  liquor  prepared  from 
several  ingredients,  especially  from  calomel. 

Aq'uila  Philosopho'rum.  The  alchymists, 
whose  terms  were  always  mysterious,  called  mer- 
cury thus,  when  reduced  to  its  original  form. 

Aq'uila  Vex'eris  ;  an  ancient  preparation, 
made  by  subliming  verdigris  and  sal  ammoniac. 

AQUILiE  VEN.E,  Temporal  veins. 

AQUILE'GIA,  A.  vulga'ris  seu  sylves'tris  seu 
A/pi'na,  Common  Colombine  or  Columbine,  (F.) 
Ancolie.  Order,  Ranunculaceae.  From  aquila, 
'the  eagle,'  owing  to  some  fancied  resemblance  of 
the  spurs  to  talons.  The  seeds,  herb,  and  flowers 
were  formerly  used  in  jaundice  and  cutaneous 
diseases.  They  are  still  retained  in  many  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe. 

Aquilegia  Alplxa,  Aquilegia. 

Aqgilegia  Canadensis,  Wild  Columbine,  is 
indigenous,  and  flowers  in  April  and  June.  The 
seeds  are  said  to  be  tonic. 

Aquilegia  Sylvestris,  Aquilegia  —  a.  Vul- 
garis, Aquilegia. 

AQUILIC'IA  SAMBU'CINA,  from  aqua, 
'water,' and  elicire,  'to  attract,'  because  it  grows 
in  moist  places.  [?]  An  East  Indian  plant,  the 
decoction  of  whose  root  is  used  in  indigestion  to 
allay  heartburn. 

AQUIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Aquipare,  from  aqua, 
'water/  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'     An  epith°t 


AQUO-CAPSULITIS 


66 


AIIANEOSUS 


Lids  which,  like  the  parotid,  secrete  much 
water,  in  contradistinction  to    the   submaxillary 
glands,  which  are  muciparous. 
AQUO-C  LP8ULITIS,  Aquo-membranitte. 
AQDO  MEMBRANFTI8,  Keratolri'ti»,Aqw>- 
Hydromeningi'tie.     Inflammation    of 
the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye.     A  badly  com- 
pounded term,  denoting  inflammation  of  the  cap- 
Mile  or  membrane  of  the  aqueous  humour. 

ULA,  Ceratocele,  Hydatid,  Hydroa  — a. 

mnius.  liquor  of. 
i  \    Ben    Aqua   Mom;  \(;\ir.     The  minute 
portion  of  water  which  escapes  when  an  opening 
is  made  into  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline. 

ULA  VITREA  AUDITIVA,  Vitrineau- 

AKA  PARVA,  a  small  altar:— a  kind  of  band- 
age invent)  i  by  Sostratus,  which  represents  the 
corners  "fan  altar. — Gtalen. 

AR'ABE  :  a  wound,  a  blow. — Erotian. 

Ai;  \:;i''A  ANTID'OTUS  HEPAT'IC 
An'tidote.     A  powder  com] 

myrrh,  costus,  white  pepper,  <fcc.  It  was  admi- 
nistered in  new  wine. 

ARAB'ICUS  LAPIS.     A  sort  of  white  marble, 
analogous  t<>  alabaster,  found  in  Arabia.      It  was 
regarded  as  absorbent  and  desiccative,  and  was 
•yed  in  hemorrhoids. 
ARAB18  BARBAREA,  Erysimum  barbarea, 
AR'ABIS    MALAGKMA.      An    antiscrofulous 
medicine,  composed   of  myrrh,  olibanum,  wax, 
sal  ammoniac,  iron  pyrites,  &o. — Cclsus. 
ARABISTS,  see  Arabs,  medicine  of  the. 
AR'ABS,   MEDICINE    OF    THE.      The   Ara- 
bians kept  the  torch  of  medical   science   illumi- 
nated during  a  dark  period  of  the  middle  ages. 
Before   the  year  of  the  Hegira.  they  had  schools 
of  medicine;    but    these    were    most    flourishing 
:   the    10th,  11  th.  and  iL'rh  centuries.      The 
chief  additions  made  by  them  to  medical  science 
Merc  in  the  departments  of  pharmacy  and  in  the 
description  of  diseases.     Their  principal  writers 
\  i  ieenna,  Serapion,  Averrhoes,  Kali  Abbas, 
Maiinonides.  Avcnzoar.  Rhaz.es,  Albucasis, 
I  ;ie  disciples  of  the  Arab  school  were  called 

Ai'n' 

ARACACHA,  Conium  mosohatum. 

ARACHIS  AFRICANA,  A.  hypogea— a.  Ame- 
ricana. A.  Bypogea. 

Ab'achis  Hypoge'a,  A,  America'na  sen  Afri- 
c  i'h'i,  Araehni'da  hypogea.  Ground  nut,  I'ca  nut. 
almond,  (>.)  Mane;  erroneously  called 
Pistachio  nut,  in  the  South;  Pindar  a  of  the  West 
Ord.  LeguminoSflB.  Cultivated  in  the 
Southern  States.  The  seeds  are  oily,  and  are 
eaten.  A  kind  of  inferior  chocolate  may  be 
made  of  them. 

ARACH'NE,  nna-^vTi,  'a  spider,'  'a  cobweb.' 
Hence,  Arachnitis,  4c. 

Ai:  \ci!XiDA   BYPOGEA,  Arachis  hypogea. 

AK  LCHNI'TIS,  more  properly  Arachnoldi'ti*, 
Arachnodei'tit,  Inflammation  of  tlte  Arachnoid. 
A  variety  of  phrenitts. 

ARACHNODEITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACU'NOID,  Arachnoid*  ne,  Arachno'd* ". 
from  apa^ir],  'a  cobweb,'  and  tiUq,  'form,'  resem- 
blance.'    Resembling  a  spider's  web. 

ArAOXHOID   ('ana  I.,  see  Canal,  arachnoid. 

ARACHNOID  ok  Tin-:  STB.  The  lining  mein- 
brane  of  a  cavity,  supposed  by  some  to  exist  be- 
tween the  BOlerotic  and  choroid. 

Ai:  vi  n'voii)  Mimbhanb,  Meninx  mtfdia  sou 
i.  Tu'nica  ara'nea  sen  cryttal'lina,  M<- 
nin'gion,  A  name  given  to  several  membranes, 
which,  by  th.dr  extreme  thin:  ble  spi- 

der-webs. Cclsus  and  Oaleti  called  thus  the 
membrane  of  the  vitreous  humour, —  the  tunica 
hyaloidea.  The  moderns  use  it  now  lor  one  of 
the  membranes  of  the  brain,  situate  between  the 


dura  mater  and  pia  mater.  It  is  a  serous  mem- 
brane, and  composed  of  two  layers;  the  external 
being  confounded,  in  the  greater  part  of  its  extent, 
with  the  dura  mater,  and,  like  it,  lining  the  inte- 
rior of  the  cranium  and  spinal  canal  ;  the  other 
being  extended  over  the  brain,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  pia  mater,  without  passil 
the  rinuoBities  between  the  convolutions,  and 
penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the  bruin  by  an 
opening  at  its  posterior  part  under  the 
callosum.     It  forms  a  part  of  ibe  investing  .-heath 

of  the    nerve.-,  as    they  pass    flora  the   encephalic 

cavities.     Its  chief  uses  seem  1  DVelop, 

and,  in  some  measure,  protect  the  brain,  and  to 
secrete  a  fluid  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it  in  a 
state  best  adapted  for  the  proper  performance  of 
its   functions. 

ARACHNOIDITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACK',  Arroc/r  ;  (East  Indian.)  A  spiritu- 
ous liquor  made  in  India  in  various  way-,  often 
from  rice,  sometimes  from  BUgar  ferment  d  along 
with  the  juice  of  the  cocoa  nut;  frequently  from 
toddy,  the  juice  which  flows  from  the  cocoa-nut 
tree  by  incision,  and  from  other  substances.  It 
is  a  strong,  heating  spirit 

ABACK,  .Mock,  is  made  by  adding  ^U  of  Ben- 
zoic acid  to  a  quart  of  rum.  The  celebrated 
Vauxhall  punch  is  made  with  such  arack. 

ARACOUCHINI,  fcica  aracouchini. 

ARA0U8  AROMATICUS,  Vanilla. 

AR'ADOS,  Apatos.  The  agitation  excited  in 
the  stomach  by  the  coction  of  aliments  of  differ- 
ent nature. — Hippocrates.  Likewise,  the  motion 
produced  by  cathartics. 

AK.KHM'a,  Interstice. 

ARAEOMETER,  Areometer. 

AU.EOT'ICA,  from  a^mou.  <  I  rarefy.'  Medi- 
cines supposed  to  have  the  quality  of  rarefying 
the  humours.     See  Rarefaciens. 

ARAEI,  see  Spirit. 

ARALIA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quinquefo- 
lium. 

Ara'i.ia  His'pida,  Dwarf  Elder,  Ord.  Aralia- 
cea?,  is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  has  been  recom- 
mended, in  decoction,  in  dropsy. 

Ara'i.i  a  NtDKAt'i  is,  Nardut  America' nue, 
Small  Spikenard,  Wild  Liq'uorice,  Sweet  root, 
False  or  Wild  Sareaparil' la,  (F.)  Petit  uard. 
This  American  plant  is  said  to  he  a  mild  simu- 
lant and  diaphoretic,  and  lias  been  recommended 
as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla.  It  is  used,  also, 
as  a  tonic.  It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Ara'lia  Racexo'sa,  American  8pikenard,haa 
the  same  properties  as  A.  Nudii  .in:-. 

Ara'lia  Spino'sa,  Angel' ica  Tree,  Prickly 
Ath,  Toothach  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickly 
Elder,  Shotbuah,  Pigeon  Tree.  Its  properti 
not  clear.  The  berries,  and  a  tincture  of  them, 
have  been  employe. 1,  it  is  said,  successfully  in 
toothoeh,  A  spirituous  infusion  has  also  been 
used  in  colic.  The  bark  is  officinal  in  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States. 

A  RAM-:  A,  Araneee  Tela  —  a.  Tarentula,  see 
Tar  en  tula. 

ARA'NEA  TELA,  Ara'nea,  Ara'neum,  Coo- 
.!  ToiU  d'Araignie.  Formerly,  this  -ub- 
Btance  was  mucb  employed,  and  BUppofi  'd  to  pog- 
\t  inordinary  virtues,  especially  when  ap- 
plied to  the  wrists.  Ii  ha-  heeii  recently  used 
again  in  intermittent.-.  The  spider  itself,  soft- 
ene  1  into  a  plaster  and  applied  to  the  forehead 
and  temples,  IS  said  by  Dioscorides  to  prevent 
ague.  Cobweb  is  a  mechanical  styptic,  and  is  so 
applied  at  time-. 

ARANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A  term  applied  to 
the  urine  when  loaded  with  filaments,  like  oob 
welis. 

AUANEO'SUS  (PULSUS);   a  term  employed 


ARANEUM 


6 


ARCIIIATER 


to  express  extreme  weakness  of  pulse  ;  when  the 
movements  resemble  those  of  a  delicate  net  raised 
by  the  wind. 

ARANEUM,  Araneae  Tela. 

Ara'neum  Ulcus,  Astakil'los.  A  name  given 
by  Paracelsus  to  a  malignant,  gangrenous  ulcer, 
extending  from  the  feet  to  the  legs. 

A  KARA,  Myrobalanus  citrina. 

ARASCON,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

A  RAT  RUM,  Vomer. 

ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYI,  Dombeya  excelsa. 

AilBOISE,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBOL  DE  LEGHE,  Galactodendron  utile. 

ARBOR  BENIVI,  Benjamin— a.  Indica,  Lau- 
rus  cassia — a.  Maris,  Coral — a.  Thurifera,  Juni- 
perus  Lycia  —  a.  Uteri  Vivificans,  Palmae  uteri 
plieatae. 

Arbor  Vit;e,  (F.)  Arbre  de  vie.  A  name 
given  to  an  arborescent  appearance,  observed  on 
cutting  the  cerebellum  longitudinally;  and  which 
results  from  the  particular  arrangement  of  the 
white  substance  with  the  cineritious.  Also,  the 
Thuya  occidentals. 

Arbor  Vit^e,  American,  Thuya  occidentalis — 
a.  Vita?  Uterinus,  Palmse  uteri  plieatae — a.  Vitae 
of  the  Uterus,  Palinae  uteri  plieatae. 

AR'BORES.  A  morbid  alteration  of  the  skin, 
which  precedes  its  ulceration.     Ruland. 

ARBORIZA'TION,  Arhorisa'tio,  (F.)  Arbori- 
sation, from  arbor,  arboris,  'a  tree.'  The  figure 
or  appearance  of  a  tree  or  plant.  The  capillary 
vessels,  when  injected,  as  in  inflammation,  fre- 
quently appear  under  the  form  of  Arborizations. 

ARBOUSIER,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBRE  DE  VIE,  Arbor  Vitae. 

ARBUSCULA  GUMMIFERA  BRAZILIEN- 
SIS,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

ARBUTUS,  A.  Unedo  — a.  Trailing,  A.  Uva 
ursi,  Epigaea  repens. 

Ar'butus  Uva  Ursi,  Arctostaph'ylos  Uva  itrsi, 
Maira'nia  uva  ursi.  Ord.  Ericaceae.  Sex  Syst. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Busserolle  ou  Rai- 
sin d'Ours.  The  leaves  —  (  Uva  Ursi,  Ph.  U.  S.) 
• — of  this  plant  are  tonic  and  astringent,  and  have 
been  employed,  chiefly,  in  diseases  of  the  urinary 
organs,  and  also  as  a  parturifacient.  Dose  of  the 
powder  from  gr.  xv  to  gss.  The  English  names 
are  Trailing  Ar'butus,  Bear's  Whortleberry  or 
Bearberry,  Mountain-box,  Redberry,  Upland 
Cranberry,  Foxberry,  Checlcerberry,  (Sc.)  Braw- 
lins. 

Ar'butus  Une'do,  Ar'butus,  Andrach'ne,  Une'- 
do,  U.  papyra'cea,  Ko/xapog,  (F.)  Arbousier,  Ar- 
boise.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves  is  astringent, 
and  has  been  used  in  diarrhoea. 

ARC,  Arch,  Arcus,  (F.)  Arc,  Arcade  (diminu- 
tive). Any  part  of  the  body  resembling  an  arch 
in  form;  as  the  Arch  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Arc  du 
colon, — the  transverse  portion  of  that  intestine : 
■ — Arch  of  the  Aorta,  Arcus  aor'tcB,  (F.)  Crosse 
de  I'Aorte,  &c,  the  turn  which  the  aorta  takes  in 
the  thorax. 

ARCA  ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum— a.  Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 

ARCADE,  see  Arc  —  a.  Anastomotique,  Arch, 
anastomotic — a.  Crurale,  Crural  arch — a.  Ingui- 
nale, Crural  arch — a.  Orbitaire,  Orbitar  arch — 
a.  Pubienne,  Pubic  arch — a.  Zygomatique,  Zygo- 
matic arch. 

ARCADES  DENTAIRES,  Dental  arches  — 
a.  Palmaires,  Palmar  arches. 

A  R  CADI-  TEMP  OR  O-MAXILLAIRE,  Tem- 
poralis. 

ARCiE'US  or  ARCCE'US,  BALSAM  OF,  (F.) 
Baume  d'Arcosus.  A  kind  of  soft  ointment  used 
in  sores,  contusions,  &c.  It  is  made  by  melting 
two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  part  of  hog's  lard : 


turpentine  and  rosin,  each  one  part  and  a  half: 
straining  and  agitating  till  cold. 
ARC  AN  SON,  Colophonia. 
ARCA'NUM,  from  area,  <a  chest.'  A  secret, 
a  nostrum,  a  quack  or  empir'ical  med'icine,  (F.) 
Arcane.  A  remedy  whose  composition  is  kept 
secret;  but  which  is  reputed  to  possess  great 
efficacy.  \ 

Arcanum  Corallinum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  a.  Duplicatum,  Potassae  sulphas— *a. 
Tartari,  Potassae  acetas. 

ARCEAU,  Arculus,  Cradle. 

ARCEUTHOS,  Juniperus  communis. 

ARCH,  ANASTOMOTIC,  (F.)  Arcade  Anasto- 
motique, is  the  union  of  two  vessels,  which  anas- 
tomose by  describing  a  curved  line.  The  vessels 
of  the  mesentery  anastomose  in  this  manner. 

Arch  of  the  Aorta,  see  Aorta — a.  Crural,  see 
Crural  arch  —  a.  Femoral,  see  Crural  arch  —  a. 
Gluteal,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis — a.  Haemal,  see 
Haemal  arch — a.  Inguinal,  see  Crural  arch — a.  Or- 
bital, see  Orbitar  arch — a.  of  the  Palate,  see  Palate 
bone — a.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Pubic  arch — a.  Subpu- 
bic, see  Subpubic  arch — a.  Superciliary,  see  Su- 
perciliary arches — a.  of  a  Vertebra,  see  Vertebrae — 
a.  Zygomatic,  see  Zygomatic  arch. 

Arches  of  the  Palate.  These  are  two  in 
number  on  each  side  of  the  throat,  one  of  which 
is  termed  anterior,  the  other  posterior. 

The  anterior  arch  arises  from  the  middle  of 
the  velum  palati,  at  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  is 
fixed  to  the  edge  of  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

The  p>osterior  arch  has  its  origin,  likewise,  from 
the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  passes  downwards  to 
be  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  pharynx.  The 
anterior  arch  contains  the  circumflexus  palati, 
and  forms  the  isthmus  faucium.  The  posterior 
arch  has  within  it  the  levator  palati,  and  be- 
tween the  arches  are  the  tonsils. 

ARCHiE'US,  Arche'us,  from  apxv>  'commence- 
ment,' (F.)  Archee.  A  word  invented  by  Basil 
Valentine,  and  afterwards  adopted  by  Paracelsus 
and  Van  Helmont.  The  latter  used  it  for  the 
internal  principle  of  our  motions  and  actions. 
This  archaeus,  according  to  Van  Helmont,  is  an 
immaterial  principle,  existing  in  the  seed  prior 
to  fecundation,  and  presiding  over  the  develop- 
ment of  the  body,  and  over  all  organic  pheno- 
mena. Besides  this  chief  archaeus,  whose  seat 
Van  Helmont  placed  in  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  he  admitted  several  of  a  subordinate 
character,  which  had  to  execute  its  orders;  one, 
for  instance,  in  each  organ,  to  preside  over  its 
functions ;  each  of  them  being  subject  to  anger, 
caprice,  terror,  and  every  human  feeling. 

ARCHANGEL,  NEW,  MINERAL  SPRINGS. 
About  twenty  miles  to  the  north  of  New  Arch- 
angel, Sitka  Island,  on  the  N.  "W.  coast  of  North 
America,  are  some  thermal  sulphureous  waters, 
the  temperature  of  one  of  which  is  upwards  of 
153°  of  Fahr.  They  are  much  celebrated. — Sir 
Geo.  Simpson. 

ARCHANGELICA,  Lamium  album— a.  Offici- 
nalis, Angelica. 

ARCHE,  apx>),  Inifium,  Princip'  ium,  Primor'- 
dium,  Ori'go,  lnva'sio.  The  first  attack  of  a  dis- 
ease. 

ARCHECPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCHEE,  Archaeus. 

ARCHELL,  CANARY,  Lichen  roccella. 

ARCHELOG"IA,  from  apyjn,  'beginning,'  and 
\oyog,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  fundamental 
principles — of  medicine,  for  example. 

ARCHEN'DA.  A  powder  of  the  leaves  of  the 
ligustrum,  used  by  the  Egyptians  after  bathing, 
to  obviate  the  unpleasant  odour  of  the  feet. — 
Prosper  Alpinus. 

ARCHIA'TER,     Archia'trus,     Protomed' icust 


A  RCHIGENI  MORBI 


- 


AREXATIO 


Protia'troe,   from   ap\u>.   'I  am   first,'  and  larpos' 
'physician.'    The   original   signification  of  this 
word  i>  a  matter  of  dispute.    Borne  oonsider,  with 
talis,  that  it  meant  physician  to  a  prince, 
,   . :  others,  « ith  ('.  Hoffmann,  ap- 
ry  physician  who,  by  his  situation, 
1  above  b  -  The  former  opi- 

nion  seems    to   have   prevailed  —  Archiatr*  dvn 
J.'"it  a  og  applied  to  the  ohief  physi- 

•  l  he  kings  of  France. 
HIG"ENJ  MORBL     Acute  diseases-  be- 
they  hold  the  first  rank:  from  ap^n,  'be- 
ginning,'  and  yivopcu,  '  I  am.' 
i!M  \:A  \,  Chymistry. 
ARCHINGEAY,   MINERAL   WATERS  OF. 
Archingeay  is  situate  in  France,  three   Leagues 
from  St.  Jean  d'Angely.     The  waters  are  prised 
in  all  :u  to  contain  carbonate 

<>f  lime,  a  little  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
I  some  bitumen. 
ARI  .11  IT   Tl  RA     APOPLECTICA,     Apo- 
• 

CHITrS,  Proctitis,  Rectitis. 
ARCHOCELE,  Proctocele. 
ARCUOPTOMA,  Procl 

IOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 
ARCHORRHA'ttIA,  from  <,pXos,  'the  anus,' 
and  pr«j.  '  I   flow.'     Arehorrhoe'a.     Hemorrhage 
the  amis. 

ARCHORRH(EA,  Archorrhagia. 
AR(  HOS,  Areus,  Rectum. 
A  RCHl  1ST  BG  N 1 1 M  A,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 
-  I  BGNOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 
ARCHOSTENOSrS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 
ARCHOSYRINX,  Fistula  in  ano. 

AR'CIFORM,     Arcifnf'  mis,     from     nr.r. 

or  ridge,'  and  forma,  "shape.'  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  fibres,  Fibra  arcfform'ee, 
of  the  anterior  pyramids  of  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  take  a  curved  course  around  the  in- 
ferior extremity  of  each  corpus  olivare  and  ascend 
towards  the  cerebellum. 

ARCT  'il'IO,  Arctitu'do,  from  arcto,  'I  make 
narrow;'   Angueta'tio,   Ooarcta' tio,  (F.)  /,', 

raction  of  a  natural  opening  or  of  a 
canal,  and   especially  of  the  vulva,  of  the  orifice 
of  the  uterus,  or  of  the  intestinal  canal.     Consti- 
pation, 3     gnosis.)     Rennion  by  suture  or 
infibulation.  —  Scribonius    Largus,    Paul     Zac- 
chias, 
ARCTITUDO,  Arctatio. 
ARCTIUM,  A.  lappa — a.  Bardana,  A.  lappa. 
Arctium    Lappa.     The  root  and  seed  of  the 
.  Barda'na,  kcxtiov,  Arctium,  A.  barda'.na 
sen   majue  sea  mi  mix   seu   tomento'eum,   riaphie, 
Lappa  glabra,  Lxppn  major  seu  pereona'ta,  Per- 
eola'ta,    Pereolla'ta,    Pereoln'ta,    Burdock,    (Old 
.   Cuckold,   (F.)  Bardane,  Olouteron, 
I.  Composite 
Syngenesis  sequalis.     Boot,   Lappa  (Ph.  r.  §.), 
diuretic;   teed,  cathartic.     It   has   been   used    in 
ises  of  the  -kin  and  in  syphilis. 
PI1  m  .M  \.m  s,  A.  lappa — a.  .Minn-.  A.  lappa 
— a.  Tomentosum,  A.  lappa. 

'1  -  BCHINA'TUS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant.  Ord.  Umbel liferas,  which  is  demnloeni 
ami  diur*  bi  •.  somewhat  approaching  sarsaparilla. 
The  decoction  of  the  root  is  employed  in  syphilis, 
lepra,  and  chronic  outaneous  affections  of  all 
kinds. 

CAPHYLOS  IV A  URSI,  Arbutus 
uva  a 

ARl  TU'RA,  from  arcto,  •!  straighten.'    The 
of  a  nail  grown  into  the  flesh,  Aretu'ra 

Onychogryp 
■  r  ■■.  Dnoi  ii  m.    The  growing  in  or  inver- 
sion of  tbe  nn  Onychogryphoaif. 

ARCDA'TIO,  Concava'tio.     An  anterior  gib- 
r  projection  of  the  sternum. 


ARCUEIL,  MINERAL  WATER8   OF.     Ar- 

cueil  is  about  one  league  south  of  Paris.  The 
water  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  aud  some 
deliquescent  salts. 

■  brated  society  held  it-  meetings  at  this 
village,  of  which  Berthollet,  Humboldt,  La  Place, 
&c,  were  members. 

ARCDLA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

ARCUL.fi.  The  Orbitar  Fossa):  rro^cj. — 
Rnfuj  of  Kphesus. 

ARC'ULUS,  diminutive  of  arcus,  'an  arch.'  A 
small  arch:  a  cradle,  (F.)  Arceau,  Archet.  A 
semicircular  box  <,r  basket  used  for  preventing 
the  bed-clothes  from  coming  in  contact  with  in- 
jured or  diseased  parts.  An  ordinance  Of  the 
Qrand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade  mothers  I 
with  an  infant  near  them,  unless  it  was  put  under 
a  solid  cradle. 

ARCUS  MEDULLARIS,  Fornix— a.  Senilis, 
Q-erotoxon — -a.  Subpubicus,  Subpubic  arch — a. 
Superciliaris,  Superciliary  arches — a.  Unguium, 
see  Nail — a.  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

ARDALOS,  Excrem 

ARDAS,  Excrement. 

ARDENT,  Ardene,  from  ardere,  'to  burn.' 

Ardent  Fever,  (F.)  Fiivre  ardente.  Caueue, 
Synocha,  or  inflammatory  fever. 

Ardent  or  Inflamed  Eyes,  (F.)  Teux  ardene. 
The  eyes  are  so  called  when  injected  red. 

Ardent  Urine,  (F.)  Urine  ardente.  Urine  of 
a  deep  red. 

ARDESIA  HIBERNICA,  Ilibcrnicus  lapis. 

ARDEUR,  Ardor— a.  dn  Coeur,  Cardialgia— 
".  d'Estomae,  Ardor  ventrieuli,  Pyrosis  —  a,.  de 
la  Fiivre,  Ardor  Fcbrilis  —  a.  d' Urine,  Ardor 
UrinsB. 

AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardenr.  Heat.  A  feeling  of 
burning,  of  violent  heat;  sEstns,  JSstua'tio,  Cau- 
eo'ma. 

Ardor  Febri'lis,  (F.)  Ardenr  de  la  Fiivrc. 
The  hot  period  of  fever. 

Ardor  Stomachi,  Pyrosis. 

Ardor  Uri'n.s,  (F.)  Ardeur  oVUrine.  A  scald- 
ing sensation  occasioned  by  the  urine  in  passing 
over  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  of  the  ure- 
thra, or  over  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ardor  VenereuS,  Heat. 

Ardor  Vehthic'uli,  EbulWio  Stom'achi, 
Heartburn,  (Sc.)  Heartmxee,  Heartecald,  Hereket, 
(F.)  Ardeur  d'Eetomac.  See  Cardialgia  and 
Pyrosis. 

A'REA,  'a  void  place,'  'an  open  surface.'  A 
Latin  word  used  by  some  authors  to  designate  a 
variety  of  Alopecia,  in  which  the  hair  changes 
colour,  but  does  not  fall  off;  also,  Porrigo  de- 
oalvans. 

Area  Germtnativa,  Tache  embryonnaire. 

Area  Pbllu'cida.  An  elliptical  depression  in 
the  ovum,  filled  with  a  pellucid  fluid,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  which  is  the  germ. 

Aria  Vasculo'sa,  see  Circulus  vem 

ARE'CA.  The  fruit — Are'ea  nut,  Betel  nut — 
of  Are'ea  Cat'echu  sen  Fau/el,  Caun'ga;  Ord. 
Palmes;  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia;  I. 
Aree,  is  astringenl  and  tonic,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  Betel,  the  great  masticatory 
of  the  Orientals. 

Areoa  Catechu*,  see  Arcca  —  a.  Faufel,  see 
Areca. 

A  R  BF  IC'TION,  Are/ac'tio,  A'<  ran'sw,  (noarais , 
from  are/aeere,  'to  make  dry,'  [arere,  'to  dry,' 
and  facere,  'to  make.')  The  process  of  drying 
substances,  prior  to  pulverization. 

ARENA,  see  OraveL 

ARENAMEN,  Pole  Armenian. 

ARENA'TIO,    Tnhuma'tio,    Gliosis,    Sand    or 


ARENGA  SACCHARIFERA 


88 


ARGEMONE    MEXICANA 


Earth   Bath;    from   arena,  'sand:'    Saburra'tio.  | 

The  application  of  hot  sand  to  the  body.     Pedi- 
lu'via  [?]  of  sand  were  formerly  used  in  Ascites. 
ARENGA  SACCHARIFERA,  see  Toddy. 
ARENO'SA   URI'NA,    Sandy    Urine.      Urine 
when  it  deposits  a  sandy  sediment. 

ARENO'SUS,  Sabulous.    Also,  one  who  passes 
sandy  urine. 
ARENULA,  see  Gravel. 

ARE'OLA.    A  diminutive  of  Area,  (F.)  Aire. 
Anatomists    understand    by   Areolae,    the   inter- 
stices   between  the  fibres  composing  organs,  or 
those  existing  between  laminae,  or  between  ves- 
sels which  interlace  with  each  other. 

Areola  is   also   applied  to  the  coloured  circle 
Halo,  Halos,  which  surrounds  the  nipple,  Are'- 
•>la  papilla'rie,  and  which  becomes  much  darker 
during  pregnancy;  as  well  as  to  the  circle  sur- 
rounding  certain  vesicles,  pustules,  &c,  as   the 
pustules   cf  the   small-pox,  the  vaccine  vesicle, 
&,c.     Chaussier,  in  such  cases,  recommends  the 
word  Aure'ola,   (F.)  Aureole. 

Areola  Papillaris,  see  Areola — a.  Tubercles 
of  the.  see  Mamma. 

ARE'OLAR,  Areola' ris.     Appertaining  to  an 
areola. 

Areolar  Exhalations  are  those  recremen- 
titial   secretions   which    are    effected    within    the 
organs   of    sense,    or  in    parenchymatous    struc- 
tures— as  the  aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous 
humours,  &c. 

Areolar  Tissue,  Cellular  Tissue. 
AREOM'ETER,  Arceom'eter,   Gravim'eter,  Al- 
coblom'eter,  Alcoom'eter,  Aerostat'ic  Balance,  from 
apaius,  'light,'  and  jxtrpov,  'measure:'  i.  e.  'measure 
of  lightness.'     An    instrument 
0  so    called    because    first    em- 

ployed to  take  the  specific  gra- 
:r-~--  -  .      vity  of  fluids  lighter  than  water. 
The  Areometer  of  Baume,  which 
3iZT11"       is  the  most  used  in  Pharmacy, 
_i\17r;:       particularly  in  France,  consists 
------        of    a    tube    of    glass,    largely 

ILL"'™  expanded  towards  its  inferior 
..~y.ll  extremity,  and  terminating  be- 
low by  a  small  ball,  containing 
mercury  or  lead.,  which  serves 
it  as  a  balance,  so  that  it  may 
remain  upright  in  the  fluid. 
This  tube  is  furnished  with  a 
graduated  scale.  If  the  fluid 
into  which  the  Areometer  is 
plunged  be  heavier  than  water, 
the  instrument  rises ;  if  lighter, 
it  sinks.  There  are  various 
Areometers,  as  those  of  the 
Dutch,  of  Fahrenheit,  Nichol- 
son, &o.  The  Areometer  is  also 
called  Hydrom'eter,  (F.)  Areo- 
metre,  Pese-liquevr. 

There  are  some  hydrometers 
which  have  a  general  applica- 
tion for  determining  the  spe- 
cific gravities  of  liquids  —  as 
Fahrenheit's,  Nicholson's,Guy- 
ton  de  Morveau's,  and  the  com- 
mon glass  hydrometers,  inclu- 
ding Baume's,  Cartier's,  Twad- 
dle's, Zanetti's,  and  the  spe- 
cific gravity  beads;  others  in- 
tended for  special  application 
—  as  for  estimating  the  com- 
parative strength  of  spirits;  the 
Baume's  Hydro-  comparative  densities  of  sy- 
meter.  rups,  oils,   <£c. —  as    Gay  Lus- 

sac's,  Sikes's,  and  Dicat's  hy- 
drometers, and  the  saccharometer,  urinometer, 
and  elaeometer. 


scale  op  baume's  hvdrometer,  with  corre- 
spondixg  specific  gravities. 

1.   Ascending   Scale  for  light  liquids. 


Scale  of 

Specific 

Baume. 

Gravities. 

70 

700 

66 

715 

60 

742 

50 

782 

48 

792 

42 

8191 

827  } 

40 

36 

847 

33 

863 

32 

868 

30 

878 

1 

2G 

900  j- 

25 

J 
906  ) 
915  j 

«] 

923  r 

23 

Id. 

22 

Id. 

IcU 

20 

935  y 

IS 

948j 

13 

980 

12 

986 

11 

993 

10 

1000 

Subsl.i 


Pure  hydrocyanic  acid. — Gay  Lus- 
sac. 

Very  pure  sulphuric  ether. 
The  same  concentrated. 

Equal  parts  of  idcohol  and  ether. 
Very  pure  alcohol  for  pharmaceu- 
tical purposes. 
Pure  alcohol.     Naphtha. 
Alcohol  of  commerce. 
Essential  oil  of  turpentine. 

Hydrocyanic  acid  of  Scheele  and 
pure  hydrocyanic  acid,  mixed 
with  an  equal  portion  of  water. 
— -Robiquct. 

Acetic  ether. 

Nitric  ether. 
Muriatic  ether. 
Liquid  ammonia. 
Olive  oil. 


Brandy. 

Burgundy  wine. 

Bordeaux  wine. 
Distilled  water. 


2.   Descending  Scale  for  heavy  liquids. 


Scale  of 

Specific 

Baume. 

Gravities. 

0 

1000 

1 

1007  7 
1009  j" 

2 

1014 

l\ 

1032 

10 

1075") 
1091/ 

12 

20 

1161 

21 

1180  | 
1210  S 

25 

30 

1261 

35 

1321} 

40 

1384) 

41 

i39s  y 

45 

1454) 

Id. 

Id. 

50 

1532 

60 

1714 

66 

1847 

70 

1946 

Substances. 


Common  distilled  water. 
Distilled  vinegar. 
Common  vinegar. 
Cow's  milk. 

Concentrated  acetic  acid. 

Liquid  hydrochloric  acid. 

Boilins  svrup. 
Cold  Syrup. 
Common  nitric  acid. 

Concentrated  nitric  acid. 

Phosphoric  acid  for  medical  use. 


Very  concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 
Very  concentrated  phosphoric  acid 


ARES.  A  term  invented  by  Paracelsus  to  de- 
signate the  principle  on  which  depends  the  form 
of  mercury,  sulphur,  and  salt.  These  the  alehy- 
niists  regarded  as  the  three  bodies  that  give  birth 
to  every  other. 

AR'ETE,  aptTT),  'virtue.'  Mental  or  corporeal 
vigour. — Hippocrates. 

ARETHU'SA.  A.  bulbo'sa;  indigenous.  Order, 
Orchidaceee.  The  bruised  bulbs  are  used  in 
toothache  ;  and  as  cataplasms  to  tumours. 

A'REUS.  A  pessary  mentioned  by  Paulus  of 
iEgina. 

ARGEL.  Cynanchum  oleoefolium. 

AR'GEMA,  Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemus,  from  apyos, 
1  white.'  Fos'sula,  (F.)  Encavvre.  A  white  spot 
or  ulceration  of  the  eye.  —  Hippocrates.  See 
Leu  com  a. 

ARGEMO'KE,  MEXICA'NA,  Thorn  Poppy, 
Prickly  Poppy,  Yellow  Thistle.  A  native  of 
Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most  parts  of  the 
world.  Ord.  Papaveraeeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Monogynia.     The  juice  resembles  gamboge, 


ARGENSON 


89 


AUHILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA 


and  has  been  used  m  a  bydragogue,     Th< 

are  employed  in  the  West  Indies  as  a  substitute 
for  ipecacuanha.  Tiicy  are  also  used  as  a  ca- 
thartic. 

ARGENSON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  situate  at  ArgensOQ  in  Dauphiny  : 
used  in  cases  of  obstruction,  jaundic 

ARGENT,  Argentam — a.  Cklorure  </',  see  Ar- 
gentuiu — a.    Cyanure  d',    Me    Argentam —  a.   it 
antra  </',   sec  Argentam  — a, 
Jodun  gentum —  a.  Oxide  </',  Bee  Ar- 

gentam— <j.  Petit,  Platinum  —  a.  Roe,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

I  ENTERI  \.  Potentilla  anserina. 
ARGEN  ll  OHLORIDUM,  see  Argentam— a. 
et  Ammonin  ohloridam,  see  Argentam  —  a.  et 
Ammonia  ohloruretum,  see  Argentam  —  a.  Cya- 
niJuin.  Bee  Argentam  —  a.  Cyanaretam, 
gentutn — a.  Iodidum,  see  Argentam  —  a.  Iodure- 
tum.  see  Argentum. 

s  ii    N1TBA8,    Argen'tum    Nitra'tum    seu 
Nit'rieum,  Sal  argen'ti,  (F.)  Nitrate  on 

rate  of  Silver.     This  preparation  is 
tics   kept  in   crystals,   the  Nitrae  ArgenHi 
in  crystal' lot  eonere'tue,  Nitrate  d' Argent  cryetal- 
the  Codes  of  Paris,  Luna  potab'ilit,  Orye- 
talli  Luna,  Argen'tum  nit'rieum  cry stalliea' turn, 
Nitrae  argenti  crystal' linue,  Nitrum  luna're,  Hy- 
1.     Generally,  however,  it  is  in 
the  fused  state  :   and  it   is  this  which  is  admitted 
into  most   Pharmacopoeias,  and  which,   besides 
the  name  Nitrae  Argenti,  is  called  Ni'trae  argen'ti 
seu  fusum,  Oaue'ticum  luna're,  Lapis  infer- 
na'lix,    Argen'tum    nit'rieum    fusum,    and    lunar 
caustic,  (F.J  Nitrate  d' argent  fondu,  Pierre  in- 
fernal >-. 

In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it 
is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Take  of 
in  .-mall  pieces,  ^j  ;  nitric  arid,  f^vij, 
distill- <l  water,  f^ij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the 
water,  and  dissolve  the  silver  in  the  mixture  in 
a  .-and  bath  ;  then  crystallize,  or  gradually  in- 
crease the  bea^  so  that  the  resulting  salt  may  be 
dried.      Melt  this  in  a  crucible  over  a  gentle  lire, 

ntinue  the  heat    until    ebullition    1 
then  immediately  pour  it  into  suitable  moulds. 

The  virtue*  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  tonic,  and 
eschar.';;.-.  It  is  given  in  chorea,  epilepsy,  A.'.: 
locally,  it  is  used  in  various  eases  as  an  escha- 
rotic.  Lose,  gr.  1-S  to  gr.  1-4.  in  pill,  three  times 
a  day. 

When  silver  is  combined  with  iodine,  it  is  said 
to  have  the  Mime  effect  as  the  nitrate,  and  not  to 
produce  the  Blate  colour  of  the  surface,  which  is 
apt  to  follow  the  protracted  use  of  the  latter. 
Augment]  Oxrouir,  see  Argentam. 
ARGENTILLA  VULGARIS,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

AR'GENTINE,  Argcnto'sus,  same  etymon  as 
ct.      Pertaining  to  silver:  as  an  'argentine 
solution.'  or  solution  of  a  salt  of  silver. 
.  Potentilla  anserina. 
ARGEN'TUM,  Ar'gyrue,  from  apyos,  'white.' 
Silver,  /.una,  Dia'na.  (F.)  Argent.    A  Bolid  metal 
lining  white  appearance  j  insipid;  inodor- 
ous;   highly    sonorous:    malleable    and    ductile; 
I  at  hard;   erystalli/.able  in   triangular  py- 
ramids :    fusible    a   little    above   a  red   heat,   and 
volatil  10,4.       No1    used   in    medicine, 

ii  -  .111.;  places  fur  Bilveriog  pills.     SlLTER 
Argen'tum  folia' turn,  is  the  state  in  which 
it  is  used  f..r  this  par] 

A1..1.SHM  Ihvi'si  \i,  metallic  si/rer,  in  v.-ry 
fine  powder,  has  been  recommended  internally  in 
syphilis. 

The    Cbxoridi  (Argen'ti   chlo'ridum,  Arrjen'- 

tmm    muriat'ieum    sen    cklora'tum    sen   tali' turn. 

Ohlorure'tum  Argen'ti,  Chlor'urei  or  Mu'riate  <>f 

.  (F.)  Chlorure  d' Argent);  the  Cyanuket; 


the  Iodide  (Argen'ti  To'didum,  Argen'tum  loda'- 
tunt,  lodure'tum  Argen'ti,  lod'uret  of  Silver,  (F.) 

lodurc  d'Aryeiit  :)    the  OxiDl    (Argen'ti   OX1 iditm, 

Argen'tum  oxyda'tum,  (F.)  Oxide  a* Argent), »>na 
the  Chloride  «'t'  Ammonia  and  Bilveb  (Argen'ti 
et  Ammo'nia  chlo'ridunx,  Argen'tum  muriat'ieum 
ammonia' turn,  Ohlorure'tum  Argen'ti  <t  Ammo'- 
nicE,  Chlo'ruret  of  Silver  and  Ammonia,  Ammo- 
nio-chloride  <</  Silver,  ( F. )  Ohlorure  d"Ai 

d'Ammnniaqu--  .have  be.  11  u.-cd  in  Byphilis.  At 
first,  these  different  preparations  were  adminis- 
tered iatraleptically  on  the  gums  ;  the  chloride, 
the  cyanide  and  the  iodide  in  the  dose  of  l-ll'th 
of  a  grain;  the  chloride  of  silver  and  ammonia 

in  the  dose  of  1-1  1th  of  a  grain,  and  the  oxide  of 
silver  and  divided  silver  in  the  do.-e  of  1-Mh  and 
l-4th  of  a  grain.  M.  Scire,  of  Montpellier,  who 
made  many  trials  with  them,  soon  found  that 
these  doses  were  too  small:  lie  therefore  rai.-ed 
that  of  the  chloride  to  1-1 0th,  and  of  the  iodide 
to  1  -St h  of  a  grain,  without  any  inconvenience 
resulting.  The  dose  of  the  other  preparations  was 
likewise  increased  in  a  similar  ratio.  M.  Serre 
extols  the  preparations  of  silver — used  internally 
as  well  as  iatraleptically  —  as  antisyphilitics,  but 
they  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  Cyanuret  or  Cyanide  of  Si/rer,  Argen'ti 
Oyanure'tum  seu  Cyan'idum,  Argen'tum  eyanoge- 
na'tnm,  (F.)  Cyanure  d' argent,  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1S42.)  Argent, 
Nit.  <£xr,  Acid  Hydrocyan.,  Aq.  aestillat.  aa  Oj. 
Saving  dissolved  the  nitrate  of  silver  in  the 
water,  add  the  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  mix  them. 
Wash  the  precipitate  with  distilled  water  and  dry 
it.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
(1851,)  it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — 
Nitrate  of  Si/rer,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is 
put  into  a  tubulated  glass  receiver :  Ferocyanuret 
of  Potassium,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is  put 
into  a  tubulated  retort,  previously  adapted  to  the 
receiver.  Dilute  Sulphuric  Acid  is  added  to  the 
solution  in  the  retort;  and.  by  means  of  a  sand- 
bath  and  a  moderate  heat,  distillation  is  carried 
on  until  the  liquid  that  passes  over  no  longer 
produces  a  precipitate  in  the  receiver.  The  pre- 
cipitate is  then  washed  with  distilled  water,  and 
dried. 

The  Oxide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti  Ox'idum,  has 
been  introduced  into  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  (1S51).  It  is  made  by  precipitating  a  solu- 
tion of  the  Nitrate  of  Silver  by  solution  of  J'o- 
tassa,  drying  the  precipitate. 

Argentum  Chloratl'm,  see  Argentum — a. 
Cyanogenatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Fugitivum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  a.  Fusum,  Hydrargyrum  —  a. 
lodatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Liquidum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum—  a.  Mobile,  Hydrargyrum  —  a.  Aluriati- 
cum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Muriaticum  Ammonia- 
tum,  see  Argentum — a.  Oxydatum,  see  Argentum 
— a.  Salitum,  see  Argentum — a.  Vivum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

ARGIL,  PURE,  Argilla  pura. 

ARQILE  OOHREl  SE  PALB,  Bolus  Alba.  ' 

ARGILLA  ROUS  FLAVA,  Terra  Lemnia— 
a.  Rolus  rubra.  Hole  Armenian  —  a.  FerruiJiiea 
rubra,  Role  Armenian — a.  Kalisulphuriea,  Alu- 
nien — a.  Pallida,  Bolus  alba. 

Argilla  Pura,  Terra  Alu' minis  seu  bolofris, 
sou  argilla' cea  pura  Ben  depura'ta  sen  hydra' ta, 

A/ii'mina  juifi  sell  d< jtura'ta,  Ox'idum  a/umiu' ii, 

pure  Argil  or  Alumina,    (F.)    Alumint     ' 
This  substance,  which  is  prepared  by  drying  alum 

a&d  exposing  it.  for  twenty  or  twenty-live  mi- 
nutes, to  a  red  heat,  until  the  sulphuric  acid  is 
driven  off,  has  been  recommended  in  indigestion 
as  antacid,  as  well  as  in  vomiting  and  diarrhoea 
accompanied  with  acidity.  The  dose  to  a  very 
young  ehild  is  from  ~}<±  to  £j  >  to  older  children 
from  3J  to  3ij. 


ARGILL^E  ACETAS 


00 


ARMOUR 


Arc  ill  A  Sulphurica  Alcalisata,  Alumen  — 
a.  Sulphmrica  usta.  Alumen  exsiceatnm —  a.  Su- 
persulphas  alcalisatum,  Alumen  —  a.  Yitriolata, 
Alumen. 

ARGILL2E  ACETAS,  Aluminas  acetas  —  a. 
Bnlphas,  Alumina?  sulphas. 

ARGOL,  RED.  Potaasae  snpertartras  impurus 
— n.  White.  Potassae  supertartras  impurus. 

ARGUMENTUM  INTEGRITATIS.  Hymen. 

ARGY'RIA,  from  apyvpog,  'silver.'  The  dis- 
coloration of  the  skin  occasioned  by  the  internal 
use  of  nitrate  of  silver. 

ARG  Y  K  0  OHJETA .  Matricaria. 

ARGYROPH'ORA,  from  apyvpos,  'silver/  and 
<bzpu>,  'I  bear.'  A  name  given,  by  Myrepsus,  to 
an  antidote  which  he  regarded  as  extremely  pre- 
cious. 

ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger. 

ARGYRUS,  Argentum. 

ARHEUMAT'IC,  Arheumat'icus,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  pevfia,  'fluxion  or  rheumatism.'  One 
without  fluxion  or  rheumatism. 

ARIA,  Crataegus  aria — a.  Cattiva,  see  Miasma. 

ARICI'XA,  Aric"ia,  Cus'conin,  Cusco-Cincho'- 
nia,  so  called  from  Arica  in  South  America,  the 
place  where  it  is  shipped.  An  alkaloid  found  in 
Cusco  Bark,  which  is  very  similar  in  many  of  its 
properties  to  Cinchonia.  Cusco  was  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Incas. 

ARIC'YMOX,  from  apt,  an  intensive  particle, 
and  Kvuv,  '  to  conceive.'  A  name  given  to  a 
female  who  conceives  readily. — Hippocrates. 

ARIDE'XA.  A  Latin  word  employed  to  de- 
signate the  leanness  of  any  part.  —  Ettmuller, 
Sauvages. 

ARID'ITY,  Arid'itas.  (F.)  Aridite,  from  orere, 
'to  grow  dry.'  The  French  use  the  word  A ri- 
dite  to  express  the  dryness  of  any  organ,  and 
particularly  of  the  skin  and  tongue,  when  such 
dryness  is  so  great  as  to  render  the  organ  rough 
to  the  touch.  Aridite  also  means  the  lanuginous 
appearance  of  the  hair  in  some  diseases  in  which 
it  seems  covered  with  dust. 

ARIDU'RA.  Wasting  or  emaciation  of  the 
whole  or  of  any  part  of  the  body ;  Marasmus, 
Atrophy. 

Ariduea  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the  —  a. 
Hepatis,  Hepatrophia. 

ARIKA,  see  Spirit. 

ARISES  MA  ATRO-RUBEXS,  Arum  triphyl- 
lum. 

ARISTALTPUEA,  Althaea. 

ARISTOLOCHI'A,  from  aptaros,  'very  good,' 
and  Xo^tia,  'parturition;'  so  called,  because  the 
different  varieties  were  supposed  to  aid  parturi- 
tion. Birthicort,  (F.)  Aristoloche.  Ord.  Aris- 
tolochiaceae.     Several  varieties  were  once  in  use. 

Aristolochia  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Clemati'tis,  Aristolochi' a  Vul- 
garis seu  Cre'tica  seu  ten'uis,  Adra  Riza  (F.) 
AristoJoche  ordinaire,  Upright  Birthicort.  The 
root  has  been  considered  stimulant  and  emmena- 
gogue,  and  as  such  has  been  used  in  amenorrhcea, 
chlorosis,  and  cachexia. 

Aristolochia  Cretica,  A.  Clematitis — a.  Fa- 
bacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa  —  a.  Hastata,  see  A. 
serpentaria — a.  Hirsuta,  see  A.  serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Loxga,  and  A.  Rotux'da,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  longue  et  ronde,  Long  and  Bound 
Birthicort.    Virtues  the  same  as  the  preceding. 

Aristolochi'a  Pistolochi'a, Pistolochi'a  Aris- 
tolochi'a, Pohjrrhi'za.  This  variety  has  an  aro- 
matic odour,  and  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  (F.) 
Aristoloche  crtnelee. 

Aristolochia  Reticulata,  see  A.  serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Serpexta'ria,  Serpenta'ria,  S. 
Virginia' na,  Vipera'ria,  Yiperi'na  Virginia' na, 
Colubri'na  Virginia'na,  Contrayer'va  Virginia'- 
na,  (F.)  Serpentaire  et  Aristoloche  serpentaire  de 


Virginie,  Culuvrine  ou  Couleuvree  ou  Viperine  de 
',  Virginie,  Virginia  Snakeroot,  Snakeroot  Birth- 
i  wort,  Snakeiceed,  Snagrcl.  Virtues  of  the  root, 
|  /Serpenta'ria,  tonic,  stimulant;  and  as  such,  em- 
i  ployed  in  debility,  intermittents,  <tc.  Aristo- 
j  lochi'a  Hirsu'ta,  A.  Hasta'ta  and  A.  Retictt- 
la'ta;  indigenous,  are  employed  indiscriminately 
with  A.  Serpentaria  under  the  name  Serpentaria 
!;  or  Virginia  Snakeroot. 

Aristolochi'a  Sipho,  Dutchman's  pipe,  and 
A.  Tomexto'sa;  indigenous,  have  virtues  like 
those  of  A.  Serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Tenuis,  A.  Clematitis — a.  To- 
mentosa,  see  A.  sipho — a.  Trifida,  A.  Trilobata. 

Aristolochi'a  Triloba'ta,  A.   trifida,  (F.) 
Aristoloche   trilobee.      A  plant   of   Surinam  and 
|  Jamaica;    possessing  the  general  virtues  of  the 
|  Aristolochiaceae.     The  other  varieties  of  Aristo- 
lochia have  similar  properties. 

Aristolochi'a  Vulgaris  Rotunda,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

ARISTOLOCH'IC,  Aristoloch'icus.  Same  ety- 
mology. An  old  term  for  remedies  supposed  to 
have  the  property  of  promoting  the  flow  of  the 
lochia. — Hippocrates,  Theophrastus,  Dioscorides, 
&c. 

^  ARIS'TOX  MAGXUM,  and  ARISTOX  PAR- 
YUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given  to 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used  in  phthisis, 
tormina,  and  fever. — Avicenna. 

ARISTOPHAXEI'OX.  A  sort  of  emollient 
plaster,  prepared  with  four  pounds  of  pitch,  two 
of  apochyma,  one  of  wax,  an  ounce  of  opoponax, 
and  half  a  pint  of  vinegar.  —  Gorraeus.  Xot 
used. 

ARK  AX'S  AS,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF. 
About  5  miles  from  the  "Washita  river,  and  about 
a  quarter  of  a  degree  north  of  the  Louisiana  line, 
there  are  about  70  of  those  springs: — Ouachita 
or  Washitau  Springs.  They  are  thermal,  vary- 
ing from  138°  to  150°  Fahrenheit,  and  are  em- 
ployed in  rheumatism,  cutaneous  affections,  &c 

ARK-BEIX,  Pubis  os. 

ARKEIOX.  Arctium  Lappa. 

ARLADA.  Realgar. 

ARLES,  MIXERAL  \VATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal sulphureous  springs  in  the  department  of 
Pyrenees  Orientales,  France.  Their  temperature 
is  103°  to  145°  of  Fahr.,  and  they  contain  sul- 
phohydric  acid. 

ARM,  Brachium. 

ARMA.  Penis— a.  Ventris,  Penis. 

ARMAMENTARIUM,  Arsenal  — a.  Chirurgi- 
cum,  see  Arsenal — a.  Portabile,  see  Case. 

ARMATORY  UXGUEXT,  Hoplochrysma. 

ARMATURA,  Amnios. 

A R ME,  from  aput,  'I  adapt.'  Any  physiolo- 
gical or  mechanical  junction  or  union  of  parts. — 
Hesychius.  A  suture,  as  of  the  cranium. — Galen. 

ARMEXIACA  EPIROTICA,  Prunus  Armani- 
aca — a.  Mains,  Apricot,  see  Prunus — a.  Vulgaris, 
Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ARMEXIAX  STOXE,  Melochites. 

ARMEXITES,  Melochites. 

ARMILL.E  MAXUS  MEMBRAXOS.E,  An- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus. 

ARMOISE  BLANCHE,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— a.  Commune,  Artemisia  vulgaris — a.  Estragon, 
Artemisia  dracunculus — a.  Ordinaire,  Artemisia 
vulgaris. 

ARMOXIACUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

ARMORA'CIA,  from  Armorica,  where  it  was 
largely  cultivated.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  the  fresh  root  of  Cochlearia  arnio- 
ra'eia. 

Armoracia  Rusticaxa,  Cochlearia  armoracia 
— a.  Sativa,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

ARMOUR,  Condom. 


ARM U RE  DBS  J  A  JIBES 


01 


ARROW    ROOT 


ARMURB  DBS  JAMBES,  see  Curnu  am- 
munis. 

All. MI'S.  Humerus — a.  Summus,  Acromion. 
A  1;  \.  Alnus  glutinosa. 

ARNALD'IA,    Arualdie.  which 

g   to   bare  prevailed  in    England  at   one 
time,  but  whose  origin  and  nature  are  unki 

apanied  with  loss  Of  hair;  and,  by 
sumo,  is  supposed  to  have  been  Syphilis.  "  Deinde 
uterque  Hex  inoidit  in  Bgritudinem,  quam  Ar- 
naldiam  vocant,  in  qua  ipsi  usque  ad  mortem 
labor  antes,  capillos  buos  deposuerunt." — Rogenu 
il  nus.  in  Ricardo  L,  cited  by  Da  I 

AR'NICA    MONTA'NA.      Derivation   uncer- 
tain,    irrn'i  •  Bane,  Doron'icwn  Oer- 
11  Oppoeitifo'lium   sou   Plantag"inia 
Ai'iiirn     !  Alt*' ma,    Ae"yrue, 
Diuret'ica,  Panace'a  lapeo'rum,  Ptar'mioa  »o»- 
Caltha    sen    Calen'dula    Alpi'na,   Narrlus 
Cel'tica  al'tera,     F.     Arnique,  BStoine  on  Tabac 

.  abac  ou  Bt- 
.  /■  ronic  oV Allemagne,  Plan- 
tain ou  s  ft.  Syngenesis 
Polygamia  superflua.  Ord.  Composite.  The 
plant  and  fl  i,  Ph.  I'.  8.  |  are  consi- 
dered, or  have  been  considered,  narcotic,  stiinu- 
:  and,  as  such,  have  been 
given  in  amaurosis,  paralysis,  all  nervous  affec- 
tions, rheumatism,  gout,  chlorosis,  Ac.  Dose. 
gr.  v  to  x,  in  powder.  In  large  doses  it  is  dele- 
terious. 

\    NoDlCAULia   and  A.  Mollis  are  sup- 
I  to  have  medical  virtues  like  the  last 
ARNIC  \  PLAUEXSIS,  Arnica  niontana — a.  Spuria. 
Inula  dysenterica  —  a.   Suedenaia,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

A  BNIQ  I '  B.  Arnica  niontana. 
ARNOGLOSSUM,  Plantago. 
ARNOTT'S  DILATOR,  see  Dilator,  Arnott's. 
ARNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 
ARO'MA,  Ar'tyma,  'perfume:'  {apt,  intensive, 
and  oafirj  or  oiptn,  'odour,'  or  from  apu>,  'to  make 
fitting    or    agreeable.')      Spir'itm    Rector,   (P.) 
The  odorous  part  of  plants.     An  ema- 
nation—  frequently  imponderable — from  bodies, 
which  acts  on  the  organ  of  smell,  and  varies  with 
the  body  exhaling  it. 
AROMATE,  Aromatic 

AROMAT'IC,ArotNO<'ieu0,  (F.)  Aromate.  Any 
odoriferous  buI  stance  obtained  from  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  contains  much  volatile  oil,  or  a 
Kghl  and  expansible  resin.  Aromatics  are  used 
Fumes,  in  seasoning,  and  embalming.  In 
medicine  they  are  employed  as  stimulants.  Gin- 
,  iiaiaun,  cardamoms,  mint,  <ic,  belong  to 

i.v-. 

AR'OMATIZE,  (F.)  Aromatiser.  To  add  to  a 
mixture  or  potion  some  aromatic,  to  mask  its 
r  render  it  mure  agreeable.  Such  mix- 
ture is  then  -aid  to  he  aromai 

AROMATOPO'LA,  from  apwfia,  'an  odour,' 
and  t:oj>!w,  '  I  sell.'  An  apothecary  or  druggist. 
One  who  sells  spices. 

ARON,  Arum. 

AROPH.     A  barbarous  word,  which  had  vari- 

gnificationfl  with  the  ancients.     Paracelsus 

employed  it  to  designate  a  lithonthriptio  remedy. 

The    mandragora,  according  to  some.      Ala  >.  a 

mixture  of  bread,  saffron,  and  wine. — Van  Hel- 

Ululit. 

LSI,  Ferrum   atnmoniatum. 
■  '  BBUSADE,  EAV  1>\  Aqua  traumat- 
ica Thede'nii  sen  Thedin' no  sen  telopeta! 

ttapnlta'rum,  Mittu'ra  xndnera'- 

ria  ac"ida.     A  ><>rt  of  vulnerary  water,  distilled 

from    ;i    !';irra_r"   of  aromatic    plants.      Rosemary, 

mille/oil,  thyme,  each  tbss;  Proof  spirit,  2 

gallons — distil  a  gallon.     This  is  one  form. 

ARR,  Cicatrix. 


ARRABON,  Arraphon, 
ARRACMEMENT  (P.),   from   arrael 
tear  out,1  Apoepae'ma,  Abrup'tio,  Avul'eio.     Art 

of  separating  a  part  >>i'  the  body  by  tearing  it  from 

the  bonds  connecting  it  with  others.     Evulsion. 
ition. 
Arrackement  \<  applied  to  certain  operations, 
as  t<>  the  extraction  of  a  tooth,  the  extirpation  of 

a  pi< 

ARB  \*K.   Lraok.     See  Spirit. 

AB  RAPHON,  Ar'rabon,  from  a.  priv.,  and 
pa^,  'a  suture,'  —  'without  suture.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  cranium  when  it  presents  no 
sutures. 

ARRECTIO,  Erection. 

ARRED,  Bee  Scar. 

ARREPTIO,  [nsanity. 

ARRESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spin< 

ARRET  VH1LDAN,  Remora  Hildani. 

ARRJSTE-BGBUF,  Ononis  Bpinosa. 

ARRHGS'A,  from  a.  priv.,  and  peu,  'I  flow.' 
The  suppression  of  any  flux.     Amenorrheas* 

ARRHOSTEMA,  Dia< 

ARRHOSTENIA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTIA,  Disease,  Infirmity. 

ARR1I V  T  HMD  B,  Cacorrhythmus. 

ARRIBA,  Geoffraea  vermifuga. 

ARRI&RE-BOUCHE,  Pharynx  — a.  -Bent, 
see  Dentition — a.  -Eaix,  Secundines. 

ARRIJZRE-GOUT  (P.),  'after  taste'  The 
taste  left  by  certain  bodies  in  the  mouth  for  some 
time  after  they  have  been  swallowed,  owing  per- 
haps to  the  papilhe  of  the  mouth  having  imbibed 
the  savoury  substance. 

ARR  IB  BBS  MARINES,  Xares,  posterior. 

ARROCHE,  Atriplex  hortensis  —  a.  Puant, 
Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ARB OSEMENT,  Aspersion. 

ARROWHEAD,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  LEAF.  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  POISON.  This  differs  with  different 
tribes  of  Indians.  By  some,  the  poison  capsicum, 
and  infusions  of  a  strong  kind  of  tobacco,  and  of 
euphorbiaceaa  are  mixed  together,  with  the  poi- 
i  sonous  emmet,  and  the  teeth  of  the  formidable 
serpent,  called,  by  the  Peruvian  Indians.  Miua- 
murn  or  Jergon — Lachenis  pieta  of  Tschudi. 

ARROW  ROOT,  Fee'ula  Maran'ta,  Am'ylum 
maranta'ceum  sen  America'num.  The  fecula  of 
the  rhizoma  of  Maran'ta  Arundina'eea,  Maranta 
(Ph.  U.  S.J,  Ord.  Marantacee,  which,  like  all 
feculsa,  is  emollient  and  nutritive,  when  prepared 
with  water,  milk,  etc. 

Dr.  Carson  has  shown,  that  Florida  arrow  root 
is  derived  from  Za'mid  integrifo'lia  or  Z.pu'mila, 
Sugar  pine,  Ord.  CycadaeesBj  Bermuda  arrow 
root  being  obtained  from  Maranta  arundi 
Florida  arrow  root,  as  well  as  the  farina,  is  known 
in  the  Southern  States  under  the  name  Goonti  or 
Coontie. 

According  to  Dr.  Ainslie,  an  excellent  kind  of 
arrow  root,  is  prepared  in  Tra van  core  from  the 
root  of  Curcuma  anguetifolia,  Ord.  Zingibei 

Arrow  root  mucilage  is  made  by  rubbing  arrow 
root  powder  with  a  little  cold  ir,,t<  r,  in  a 
by  means  of  the  back  of  a  spoon,  until  if  is 
pletely  mixed  with  the  water;  then  pouring  boil- 
ing  water  over  it.  stirring  assiduously  until  a  BOft, 
gelatinous,  tenacious  mucilage  is  formed;  and, 
lastly,  boiling  for  live  minutes.     A  tablespoonful 

of  arrow  root  powder  is  sufficient  to  make  a  pint 

of  mucilage.     It  may  be lerately  sweetened; 

and  wine  or  lemon  juice  may  be  added. 

With  milk  also  it  forms  a  bland  and  nutritious 
article  of  diet. 

Arrow  Root,  Brazilian.     The  fecula  of  Ju- 
[t  tropha  Manihot, 


ARROW   WEED 


92 


ARSENICUM 


Arrow  Root,  Common,  see  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

Arrow  Root,  East  India*.  The  fecula  of  the 
tubers  of  Curcuma  angustifolia,  or  narrow-leaved 
Turmeric. 

Arrow  Root,  English,  Arrow  root,  common. 

ARROW  Root,  Tahi'ti,  Tacca  starch,  Otahei'te 
Sale  p.     The  fecula  of  Tacca  Oceanica. 

ARROW  WEED,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  WOOD,  Euonyinus,  Viburnum  den- 
tatum. 

ARS  CABALISTICA,  Cabal— a.  Chymiatrica, 
Chymiatria — a.  Clysmatica  nova,  Infusion  of  me- 
dicines—  a.  Coquinaria,  Culinary  art — a.  Cosrue- 
tica,  Cosmetics  —  a.  Culinaria,  Culinary  art  —  a. 
Empirica,  Empiricism — a.  Formulas  medicas  con- 
cinandi,  see  Prescription — a.  Hermetica,  Chymis- 
try— a.  Iloinoeopathica,  Homoeopathy — a.  Hydria- 
trica,  Hydrosudotherapeia — a.  Infusoria,  Infu- 
sion of  medicines  —  a.  Machaonia,  Medicina — a. 
Majorum.  Chymistry  —  a.  Medica,  Medicina  —  a. 
Obstetricia,  Obstetrics — a.  Sanandi,  Art,  healing 
■ — a.  Separatoria,  Chymistry — a.  Signata,  Cabal 
— a.  Spagyrica,  Chymistry — a.  Sphyginiea,  Sphyg- 
mologia — a.  Veterinaria,  Veterinary  Art — a.  Zoia- 
trica.  Veterinary  Art. 

ARSALTOS,  Asphaltum. 

ARSATUM,  Nymphomania. 

ARSECOCKLE  (Sc),  synonymous  with  Teut. 
aers-bleyne,  tuberculus  in  ano.  Originally,  a 
hot  pimple  on  the  hips.  Now,  in  Scotland,  a 
similar  pimple  on  the  face  or  any  part  of  the 
body. — Jamieson. 

ARSENAL  (F.),  Chirapothe'ca,  Armamenta- 
rium. A.  Chirur'gicum.  A  collection  of  surgical 
instruments.  A  work  containing  a  description 
of  surgical  instruments.  Armamenta'rium  ob- 
stet'ricum  has  the  same  significations  in  regard  to 
obstetrics. 

ARSEN'IATE,  Arsen'ias,  (F.)  Arseniate,  from 
cpanv,  'robust.'  A  salt  formed  by  a  combination 
of  arsenic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Arseniate  op  Ammonia,  Arsen'ias  Ammo'nia, 
Ammo'nium  Arsen'icum  seu  Arsenic'icum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  d' Ammoniaque.  This  preparation  is 
highly  extolled  in  cutaneous  diseases.  A  grain 
of  the  salt  may  be  dissolved  in  an  ounce  of  dis- 
tilled water,  and  20  to  25  drops  be  commenced 
with  as  a  dose. 

Arseniate  op  Iron,  Arsen'ias  Ferri,  Ferritin 
Arsenia'tum  seu  Arsenic'icum  oxydula'tum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  de  Fer.  This  preparation  has  been 
applied  externally  to  cancerous  ulcers.  An  oint- 
ment may  be  made  of  £ss  of  the  arseniate,  gij  of 
the  phosphate  of  iron,  and  Jvj  of  spermaceti 
ointment.  The  arseniate  has  also  been  given 
internally  in  cancerous  affections,  in  the  dose  of 
one-sixteenth  of  a  grain. 

Arseniate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium, 
Proto-arsen' iate  of  Potas'sium,  Arsen'iate  of  Po- 
tassa,  Arsen'ias  Potassce  seu  Kali,  (F.)  Arseniate 
de  Potasse,  Sel  arsenical  de  JIacquer.  Proper- 
ties the  same  as  those  of  arsenious  acid. 

Arseniate  of  Quinia,  Quinioe  Arsenia?. 

Arsen'iate  of  Soda,  Sodce  arsen'ias,  (F.)  Ar- 
seniate de  Sonde.  Made,  according  to  the  Codex 
of  Paris,  by  mixing  and  heating  to  redness  arse- 
nious acid  and  nitrate  of  soda;  dissolving  the 
salt  in  water;  adding  carbonate  of  soda  until 
there  is  an  alcaline  reaction;  filtering,  evapora- 
ting, and  crystallizing.  It  is  the  basis  of  Pear- 
son's Solution,  which  is  formed  of  one  grain  of  the 
crystallized  arseniate  to  one  fluidounce  of  distilled 
water.  Dose,  gtt.  xx.  Meinecke's  Solution  con- 
sists of  the  arseniate,  gr.  vj  :  peppermint  icater, 
f  3 iiss  :  icine  of  cinnaman,  f  |jss  ;  laudanum,  f  ^j- 
Dose,  forty  to  fifty  drops. 

ARSE XI A  TE  DE  SO  UDE.  Arseniate  of  Soda. 

AR'SENIC,  Arsen'icum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)     A  solid 


metal ;  of  a  steel-gray  colour  :  granular  texture  j 
very  brittle;  volatilizing  before  melting;  very 
combustible  and  acidifiable.  It  is  not  dangerous 
of  itself,  and  only  becomes  so  by  virtue  of  the 
facility  with  which  it  absorbs  oxygen. 

ARSENIC  1JLAXC.  Arsenicum  album. 

Arsenic,  Iodide  of,  Arsen'ici  Io'didum  seu 
Teriod'idum  seu  Iodure'tum.  Arsen'icum 
turn,  Hydri'odas  arsen'ici,  formed  by  the  combi- 
nation of  arsenic  and  iodine.  This  preparation, 
applied  externally,  has  been  highly  extolled  in 
various  cutaneous  affections.  An  ointment  may 
be  made  of  three  grains  of  iodide  to  £j  of  lard. 
It  has  also  been  given  internally  in  the  dose  of  a 
tenth  of  a  grain  in  similar  affections.  It  is  offici- 
nal in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  1851. 

Arsenic,  Oxide  of,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Ox- 
ide of,  White,  Arsenicum  album — a.  White.  Arse- 
nicum album. 

Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of,  Hydrar'- 
gyri  et  Arsen'ici  Io'didum,  Double  1'odide  of 
Jler'cury  and  Ar'senic,  Iodo-arsenite  of  Mer'cury. 
A  compound,  which  has  been  proposed  as  more 
efficacious  than  either  the  iodide  of  arsenic  or 
the  iodide  of  mercury.  It  is  made  by  tritura- 
ting 6'0S  grains  of  arsenic;  14-52  grains  of  mer- 
cury; 49  of  iodine,  with  a  fiuidrachm  of  alcohol, 
until  the  mass  has  become  dry,  and  from  being 
deep  brown  has  become  pale  red.  Eight  ounces 
of  distilled  icater  are  poured  on,  and,  after  tritu- 
ration for  a  few  moments,  the  whole  is  trans- 
ferred to  a  flask:  half  a  drachm  of  hydriodic 
acid,  prepared  by  the  acidification  of  two  grains 
of  iodine,  is  added,  and  the  mixture  is  boiled  for 
a  few  moments.  When  the  solution  is  cold,  make 
the  mixture  up  to  f^viij  with  distilled  water. 
This  is  called  by  Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer, 
Liquor  Arsen'ici  et  Hydrar'gyri  Iv'didi,  each 
drachm  of  which,  by  measure,  consists  of  water, 
£j ;  arsenious  acid,gr.  1-Sth ;  peroxide  of  mercury, 
gr.  l-4th;  iodine,  converted  into  hydriodic  acid, 
gr.  3-4ths.  In  the  last  edition  of 'the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  directed  to  be  made  of  Arsenici  lodidum 
and  Hydrargyri  lodidum  rubrum.  each  gr.  xxxv; 
and  Aqua  destiUata,  Oss;  dissolving  by  rubbing, 
heating  to  the  boiling  point,  and  filtering. 

The  dose  of  Donovan's  Solution  is  from  Tr^x 
to  f  gss,  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

It  has  been  used  successfully  in  inveterate  cu- 
taneous diseases. 

ARSEN'ICAL,  Arsenica'lis,  (F.)  Arsenical. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  containing,  ar- 
senic. 

Arsen'ical  Paste,  (F.)  Pate  Arsenicale. 
This  application  to  cancers  is  formed  of  70  parts 
of  cinnabar,  22  of  dragon's  blood,  and  S  of  arse- 
nious acid ;  made  into  a  paste  with  saliva,  when 
about  to  be  applied. 

Arsenical  Powders  of  Frere  Come,  and  op 
Justamond,  see  Powder,  Arsenical. 

Arsenical  Solution,  see  Arseniate  of  Soda, 
and  Liquor  Arseniealis. 

ARSENICI  HYDRIODAS,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of 
— a.  lodidum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a.  Ioduretuui, 
Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a.  Teriodidum,  Arsenic,  Io- 
dide of. 

ARSENICISMTS,  Intoxica'tio  Arsenica'lis. 
Poisoning  bv  arsenic. 

ARSENICUM,  Arsenic. 

Arsen'icum  Album,  White  Ar'senic,  Oxide 
of  Ar'senic,  Ratsbane,  Arsen'ici  ox'i/dum  al- 
bum, Calx  Arsen'ici  alba,  Ac"iaum  Arsenico'sum 
seu  Arsenio'sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsenious  acid,  White 
oxide  of  arsenic,  (F.)  Arsenic  blcmc.  An  avid 
which  is  met  with  in  commerce,  in  compact,  white, 
heavy,  fragile  masses:  of  a  vitreous  aspect,  opake, 
and  covered  with  a  white  dust ;  of  an  acrid  and 
nauseous  taste  ;  without  smell  when  cold  :  vola- 
tilizable  by  heat,  and  exhaling  the  odour  of  gar- 


ARSENIS    POTASS-E 


93 


ARTE  RE 


labia  in  water,  alcohol,  and  oil;  erystal- 
lisable  in  regular  i  .It  is  this  that  is 

meant  by  the  name  arsenic,  M  commonly  used. 

ArSRH'iCUM  ALBUM  SuBLXMA'TUMj  Sublimed 
Oxidi  is  the  one  employed  in   medi- 

cine. It  is  tciiiie  and  escharotie,  and  is  the  most 
virulent  of  mineral  poisons.  It  is  used  in  inter- 
mittents.  periodical  headachs,  nouros. ■-.  I  .  1'  -  . 
gr.  one-tenth  to  one-eighth,  in  pill.    See  Poisons, 

Arsenicum  Iodatum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a. 
Rubrum  factitium,  Realgar. 

ARSENIS  POTASS.fi,  Arsenite  of  protoxide 
of  potassium — a.  Potasses  aquosus,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis — :i.  Potasasa  liquidus,  Liquor  arsenicalia. 

AR'SENITB,  Ar'senis.  A  ealt,  formed  by  a 
combination  of  the  arsenious  acid  with  a  salifi- 
able i    - 

mti:  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Pro- 
\ite  of  Potas'sium,  Ar'tenUe  of  Potasea, 
Ar'aen  An   uncrystallizable  and  co- 

lourless salt,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the  liquor 
arsenical  i«,  which  see. 

!\[.v.  Quinisa  arsenis. 
3B-SMART,  BITING,  Polygonum  hydro- 
• 

.'.  HEALING,  Art  Sanan'di,  Jlcdici'na. 
The  appropriate  application  of  the  precepts  of 
the  best  physicians,  and  of  the  results  of  experi- 
ence to  the  treatment  of  disease. 
Art.  Veterinary,  Veterinary  art. 
AR'TABE,  apTaJri.  Name  of  a  Persian  mea- 
sure fur  dry  substances,  in  use  with  the  ancients, 
equal  at  times,  to  5  modii :  at  others,  to  3;  and 
at  others,  again,  to  7. — Galen. 

ABTANTHE  ELONGATA,  see  Matieo. 
AR'TBLSHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
German  waters  have  been   much   recom- 
mended   in     hysteria,    gout,    palsy,    <!tc.     Their 
physical   or  chemical  properties   have  not  been 
described. 

ARTEMIS'IA,  Anacti'rion.  Ord.  Composite. 
Called  after  a  queen  of  the  name,  who  first  em- 
ployed it:  or  from  Aprt^?,  'Diana;'  because  it 
-  of  women,  over 
whom  she  presided.  The  Gauls  called  it  Bricu- 
mum. 

Artemis'ia  ABROT'ANUM,  Abrot'anum,  Abrot'- 
anum, Abrot'anum   Oathsum  seu  Mas,  Abrathan, 
South' ernwood,   Oldman,   Slovenwood,  (F.)  Abro- 
'■  i row,  Aurone  male,  Aurone  dea  jardins, 
itronelle.     Supposed  to  be  poc 
of  stimulant  properties. 

/  Southernwood,   O'leum  Abrot'ani,  (F.) 
|  ossesses  the  aromatic  proper- 
ties of  the  plant. 

Artemis'ia  ABSiN'Tmor,  Absinthium,  A.  vul- 
Apsin'thium,  Barvpi'cron,  Common  Worm- 
Absinthe.     Properties: — tonic 
and  anthelmintic.    The  Oil  of  Wormwood,  O'leum 
Abain'thii,   (P.)  Huile  d?  Absinthe,   contains   the 
aromatic  virtues  of  the  plant. 

ARTEMISIA  \ri:\.a  South  African  species,  is 
tonic,  antispasmodic  and  anthelmintic;  and  baa 
been  used  in  debility  of  the  Btomaoh,  riseeral  ob- 
structions, jaundice  and  hypochondriasis.  It  is 
taken  in  infusion,  decoction  and  tincture.  A 
strong  infusion  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  as 
a  eollyrium  in  weaknesa  of  the  eyesj  and  the 
pounded  leares  and  stalks  are  employed  as  dis- 
cutients  in  oedema  and  angulations. 

Artemisia  Alba,  A.  Sautonica — a.  Balsamita, 
A.  Pontic*. 
Artemisia  Bien'nis, Biennial  Wormwood;  in- 

Artkmisia    Botrys,    Chenopodium    ambrosi- 

ArTEMIB'IA    CaMPES'tRIS,  Field  Southernwood, 


(P.)  Aurone  dea  Champa.  This  possesses  the 
Bame  properties  a-  .1.  Abrot'anum, 

ARTEMISIA  CAMADEHBIB,  l';ui;ui;i  Wurmwood— 
a.  Candata;  indigenous. 

Artemisia  Ciienouuimum,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trvs. 

ArTKMISIA  Ciiinen'sis,  A.  In'diea,  A.  Mosca. 
From  this  the  Chinese  form  their  moxas. 

Artrmisia    Contu.v    grows    in    Persia,    Asia 

Minor,  and  other  parts  of  the  Ka.-f. 

Artrmisia  Dracun'cut.ub,  Tar'ayon,  (F.)  Ar- 
moiae tetragon,   Estragon.     Virtues:  —  the   same 
as  the  last.     The  leaves  are  much  used  to 
food,  especially  in  the  form  of  Es'tragon  vin'egar. 

Autkmis'ia  CiI.ACIa'lis,  Silky   Wormin 

Artkmisia  Indica,  Artemisia  Chinensis,  A. 
Bantonioa : 

ARTRMISIA  Juda'icA,  grows  in  Palestine,  Ara- 
bia, China,  Cochin  China,  and  Northern  Africa. 

Artrmisia  Lbptophtlla,  A.  Pontioa; 

Artemisia  Marit'ima,  Absin'tkium  Mari'num 
seu  Marit'imum,  Sea  Wormwood,  Maritime  South- 
ernwood  j 

Artemisia  Moxa,  A.  Chinensis; 
and 

Artemis'ia  Pon'tica,  A.  Roma'na  seu  Tenuu 
fo'lia  seu  Balaami'ta  seu  Leptophyl'la,  Absinthi- 
um Pon'ticum  seu  Roma'nuiu,  Roman  Wormwood, 
Leaser  Wormicood,  possess  like  virtues; — as  well 
as 

Artemisia  Romara,  A.  Pontica; 

Artemisia  Rubra,  A.  Santonica;  and 

Artemis'ia  Ruprs'tris,  Creeping  Wormwood, 

Gen'ipi  album,  (F.)  Armoiae  blanc,  Genipi  blanc. 
This  variety  has  aromatic  virtues,  and  is  used  in 
intermittent^,  and  in  amenorrhcea. 

Artemis'ia  Santon'jca,  Santon'ieum,  Canni 
Herba,  Ghamaeedris,  Chamaey pari*' sue,  Absiu'- 
thium  Santon'ieum,  Sementi' na,  Xantoli'na,  Sche- 
ba  Ar'abum,  Sina  seu  Cina  Levan'tica,  Tartu'  rian 
South' ernwood,  (F.)  Barbotine.  From  this  and 
other  species  of  absinthium  is  obtained  the  so- 
called  Semen  contra  vermes  seu  Contra  seu  Zedo' 
a'ricB  seu  Santon'ici  seu  Cina?,  Hagiosperm'um, 
Sanctum  Semen,  W'ormaeed,  which  do  not  consist 
of  seeds,  but  of  broken  peduncles.  Virtues:  — 
anthelmintic  and  stimulant.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to  £j 
in  powder.  Its  active  principle  is  San'tonin,  the 
dose  of  which  is  from  2  to  5  grains  in  the  day, 
for  a  child  six  or  eight  years  of  age. 

Artrmisia  Tenuifolia,  A.  Pontica. 

Artemis'ia  Vui.ga'ris,  Artemis'ia  rubra  >t 
alba,  Cin'gulum  Saneti  .Joan' nix,  Mat<r  Jlerba'- 
rum,  Bereniseeum,  Bubasteeor' dium,  Canapa'eia, 
Mugtoort,  (F.)  Armoiae  ordinaire,  A.  Commune, 
fferbe  de  Saint  Jean,  Ceinture  on  Couronne  dc 
Saint  .Jam.  This,  as  well  as  Borne  other  varie- 
ses  the  general  tonic  virtues  of  the 
Artemisia.1.  Artemisia  vulgaris  has  been  highly 
extolled  by  the  Germans  in  cases  of  epilepsy. 
;   the  powder,  in  the  '21  hours,  from  5ss  to 

3J- 

ARTE  RE,  Artery— «.  Brachiale,  Brachial  ar- 
tery— a.  Braehio-cephalique,  Innominate  srteria 
— a.  Bronchique,  Bronchial  artery—".  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  artery  —  a.  Ctitorientie  :  see  Clitoris  —  a. 
Ccecalc  :  see  Colic  arteries  —  a.  Collaterals  dn 
eonde,  Anastomotieus  magnua  ramus — a.  Collate. 
ml,  ezterne,  Arteria  profunda  humeri — or.  Colla- 
terals interne,  Anastomotieus  magnns  ramus — ". 
Coronain  des  leoree,  Labia]  artery — ".  Coronaire 
Stomachique,  Coronary  artery — a.  Crural,,  (rural 
artery- — a.  l><  uziime  </<*  thoraciques,  Arteria  tho- 
raoica  externa  inferior — a.  Kpineuse,  Meningeal 
artcry.middlt — <<.  Femoro-poplitit  ,Isehiatic  artery 
-  a.  Fes  Ore,  Glateal  srterj — ".  Gastrique  droite, 
petite,  Pyloric  artery  — a.  Gutturo-maxillaire, 
Maxillary  artery,  internal— a.  Hontt 
Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Honteusi   interne,  Pu- 


ART  ER 1 A 


94 


ARTERITIS 


die,  internal,  artery — a.  Humerale  profonde,  Ar- 
teria  profunda  humeri — a.  Iliaque  primitive,  Iliac 
artery  —  a.  Innominee,  Innoruinata  arteria  —  a. 
Irienne,  Ciliary  artery — a.  lachio-penienne  :  see 
Pudie,  internal,  artery  —  a.  J/cdiane  anterieure, 
Spinal  artery,  anterior  —  a.  Medicine  posterieure 
du  ruchis,  Spinal  artery,  posterior  —  a.  Meningee 
moyenue,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Mining- 
ienne posterieure.  Prevertebral  artery — a.  Jlcnton- 
niere,  Meutal  foramen — a.  Jlesocephalique,  Basi- 
lary  artery  —  a.  Meaocolique:  see  Colic  artery  — 
a.  Muaeulaire  du  bras,  Arteria  profunda  humeri 
— a.  Muaeulaire  du  bras,  grande  :  see  Collateral 
arteries  of  the  arm — a.  Muaculaire  grande  de  la 
cuisse,  Arteria  profunda  femoris — a.  Opiathogaa- 
trique,  Cceliac  artery  —  a.  Orbitairc,  Ophthalmic 
artery  —  a.  de  VOcaire,  Spermatic  artery  —  a. 
Pelci-crurale,  Crural  artery  —  a.  Pelii-crurale, 
Iliac  artery — a.  Pehienne,  Hypogastric  artery — 
o.  Premiere  des  thoraciques,  Arteria  thoracica 
externa  superior  —  a.  Prevertebrale,  Preverte- 
bral artery  —  a.  Radio-carpienne  transversnle 
pjahnaire.  Radio-carpal  artery — a.  Scrotale,  Pu- 
die, external,  artery  —  a.  Sous-clauiere,  Subcla- 
vian artery  —  a.  Sous-jiubio-femorale,  Obturator 
artery — a.  Sous-jiubienne,  Pudic,  internal,  artery 
— a.  Sous-sternal,  Mammary,  internal— -«.  Sphe- 
no-epineuse,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Stomo- 
gaatrique,  Coronary  artery  —  a.  Sus-carpienne : 
see  Sus-carp>ien —  a.  Sus-ma.rillaire,  Alveolar 
artery  —  a.  Sus-maxillaire,  Buccal  artery  —  n. 
Sus-metatarsienne.  Metatarsal  artery  —  a.  Sus- 
jjubienne,  Epigastric  artery  —  a.  Testiculaire, 
Spermatic  artery — a  Thoracique  humerale,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Trachelocervical :  see  Cerebral 
arteries  —  a.  Trochanterienne,  Circumflex  artery 
of  the  thigh — a.  Troisieme  des  thoraciques,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Tympanique,  Auditory  artery, 
external — a.  Uveale  :  see  Ciliary  artery — a.  Vul- 
vaire.  Pndic.  external,  artery. 

ARTERIA.  Artery — a.  Ad  Cutem  Abdominis, 
see  Ad  Cutem  abdominis,  (arteria) — a.  Anonyma, 
Innominata  artery — a.  Aspera.  Trachea — a.  Ce- 
rebralis,  Carotid,  internal — a.  Cervicalis.  Basilary 
artery  —  a.  Coronaria  dextra.  Pyloric  artery  —  a. 
Crassa,  Aorta  —  a.  Cruralis,  Crural  artery  —  a. 
Externa  Cubiti,  Radial  artery — a.  Dorsalis  meta- 
eurpi.  Metacarpal  artery — a.  Dura?  matris  media 
maxima.  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Encepha- 
lica.  Carotid,  internal  —  a.  Gastrica  superior, 
Coronary  artery — a.  Ileo-colica  :  see  Colic  arteries 
— a.  Iliaca  interna,  Hypogastric  artery — a.  Iliaca 
posterior,  Hypogastric  artery  —  a.  Magna.  Aorta 
— a.  Magna  pullicis,  Princeps  pollicis — a.  Malleo- 
laris  externa :  see  Tibial  arteries — a.  Malleolaris 
interna:  see  Tibial  arteries  —  a.  Mammaria  ex- 
terna, A.  Thoracica  externa  inferior — a.  Maxima, 
Aorta 

— a.  Meningaea  media,  Meningeal  artery,  middle 
—  a.  Muscularis  femoris.  A.  Profunda  femoris  — 
a.  Pharyngea  suprema,  Pterygoid  artery — a.  Pro- 
funda cerebri:  see  Cerebral  arteries — a.  Pudenda 
communis,  Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Pudica, 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Ramulus  ductus 
Pterygoidei,   Pterygoid  artery  —  a.   Spheno-spi 


ARTE'RL£  ADIPO'SJ?.  The  arteries  which 
secrete  the  fat  about  the  kidneys  are  sometimes 
so  called.  They  are  ramitications  of  the  capsular, 
diaphragmatic,  renal,  and  spermatic  arteries. 

Arteria  Apoplectics,  Carotids— a.  Capitales, 
Carotids — a.  Ciiiares,  Ciliary  arteries — a.  Corporis 
callosi  cerebri,  Mesolobar  arteries — a.  Jugulares, 
Carotids — a.  Letbargicaa,  Carotids — a.  Mesolobi- 
C33,  Mesolobar  arteries  —  a.  Prseparantes,  Sper- 
matic arteries — a,  Sornniferae,  Carotids — a.  Sopo- 
||  rales,  Carotids  — a.  Soporariaa,  Carotids  — a.  Ye- 
nosce,  Pulmonary  veins. 

ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arterio'sus.  Be- 
longing to  arteries. 

Arterial  Blood,  (F.)  Sang  arteriel.  Red 
blood  is  so  called  because  contained  in  the  arte- 
ries. The  pulmonary  veins,  however,  also  con- 
tain red  blood  :  hence  the  name  arterial  veins, 
(F.)   Veines  arterielles,  applied  to  them. 

Arterial  Constitution,  Plethora  arteriosa. 

Arte 'rial  Duct,  Cana'lis  arteriosus,  Ductus 
arteriosus  seu  Botal'lii,  (F.)  Canal  arteriel,  ft 
Pulmo-aortique,  is  the  portion  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  which  terminates  in  the  aorta  in  the  foetus. 
When  this  duct  is  obliterated  after  birth,  it  is 
called  Arte'rial  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  arterio'- 
sum,  (F.)  Ligament  arteriel. 

Arterial  System  includes  all  the  arteries, 
from  their  origin  in  the  heart  to  their  termina- 
tion in  the  organs.     See  Vascular  System. 

ARTERIALIZATIOX  OF  THE  BLOOD, 
Hteniatosis. 

ARTERIARCTIE,  from  aprrjpia,  'artery/  and 
arcto,  'I  straiten.'     Contraction  of  an  artery. 

ARTERIECTASIS.  Aneurism. 

ARTERIECTOP'IA,  from  aprrjpia,  'artery,' 
and  tK-o-oi,  'out  of  place.'  Dislocation  of  an 
artery. 

ARTERIEFRYSMA.  Aneurism. 

ARTERIITIS,  Arteritis. 

ARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 

ARTERIOGRAPHY,  Arteriogra'phia :  from 
aprrjpia,  'artery,'  and  ypacpn,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  arteries. 

ARTERIOLA.     A  small  artery. 

ARTERIOL'OGY,  Arteriolog" ia  ;  from  aprrj- 
pia. 'artery,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise 
on  the  arteries. 

ARTERIO-PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Bloodletting. 

ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  vessels  which  creep  along  the  interior  of 
the  nostrils. — Ruysch. 

ARTERIORRHEXIS.  see  Aneurism. 

ARTERIOS'ITAS,  Arterios'ity,  from  arteria, 
'an  arterv.'     A  conditio'n  of  the  blood  in  which 


nosa.  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Spinales,  Spi- 


'  it  preserves  in  the  veins  the  arterial  character. — 
.  ||  The  opposite  to  Yenositas.  m 

Arteriositas  Sanguinis,  Praedominmm  san- 
guinis arteriosi. 

AR  TE R 10 STE IE,  from  aprrjpia,  'artery,' and 
I  oareov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  an  artery. — 
!  Piorrv. 

ARTERIOSTEXO'SIS,  from  aprrjpia,  'artery,' 
i1  and  ctevos,  'contracted.'     Contraction  or  oblite- 
ration of  an  artery. 

ARTERIOT'OMY,  Arteriotom'ia.  from  aprrjpia, 

'an  artery/  and  repvw,  'I  cut.'     This  word  has 

been   used  for  the  dissection  of  arteries.     Most 

|!  commonly,  however,  it  means  a  surgical  opera- 

[■  tion,   which    consists    in    opening  an    artery,    to 

draw  blood  from  it.     Arteriotomy  is  chiefly  used 

in  inflammatory  affections  of  the  head,  when  the 

blood  is  generally  obtained  from  the   temporal 

i  artery.     See  Bloodletting. 

ARTERI'TIS,  Arterii'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Arte- 
['  ria'rum,  (F.)  Artirite,  Inflammation  des  arterea ; 
!  from  aprripia,  'an  artery,"  and  it  is,  a  termination 
||  denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of  an  ar- 


nal  arteries  —  a.  Spinalis,  A.  Profunda  humeri  — 
a.  Sternalis,  Mammary,  internal — a.  Supra-orbi- 
taiis.  Frontal  artery — a.  Sylviana:  see  Cerebral 
arteries — a.  Thoracica  axillaris  vel  alaris,  Scapu- 
lar artery,  inferior  —  a.  Thoracica  humeralis, 
Acromial  artery  —  a.  Transversalis  colli:  see 
Cerebral  arteries — a.  Transversalis  humeri,  Sca- 
pular artery,  superior — a.  Ulnaris,  Cubital  artery 
—  a.  Uterina  hypogastrica,  Uterine  artery  —  a. 
Yasta  posterior,  A.  Profunda  femoris. 

ARTE'RIAC,  Arteri'acus.  A  medicine  pre- 
scribed in  diseases  of  the  windpipe.  Also  arte- 
rial. 


ARTERY 


ARTERY 


tery.      Inflammation    of   the   inner   coat   of  an 
artery   is    termed    End  -  fcmar- 

;    of  the   outer,  Exo-arteri'tia   or   Ewar- 
I 

AR'TBRY,  ArWria,  (P.)  Art,  re,  from  avp, 
'air.'  and  ttjuciv,  ';  .'  quasi,  'receptacle 

of  air,'  because  the  ancients  believed  that  it  eon- 
.  e  the  name  Art,  rjf 
to  the  tra  -hea.  aoTspia  rpagcta,  because  it  is  tilled 
with    air:    and    afterwards    they   used    the    same 

term  f>r  the  arteries,  properly  go  ealle  1.  probably 

commonly  found  them  empty  in  the 

dead  i  and,  also,  fksfiss  to  designate 

the  arteries,  called  by  the  Latins   Wmr  mioan'tes 
tth  the  moderns,  signify 
the  order  of   vessels,   whieh   arise  from   the   two 
ties  of  the   heart,  and   have  valves  only  at 
their   origin.      They    are    cylindrical,    firm,    and 
elastic  canals  :  of  a  yellowish  white  eolour  ;   little 
dilatable :  easily  lacerable;  and  formed,  1.  Of  an 
external,   laminated,   or  areolar  membrane,  Tu'- 
terna  sen  adventWia  sou  ccllulu'ri*,  Va- 
gina eeUula'ris,  of  a  dense  and  close  character. 
1'.  Of  a  middle  coat,    Tu'nica  me'dia   seu  elas'- 
tmposed  of  fibres,  which  do  not,  however, 
contract  on  the  application  of  the  galvanic  stimu- 
rmed  chiefly  of  elastic  tissue,  and  also  of 
smooth   muscular  fibres,   and    eminently  elastic; 
and.   3.   Of   an    inner   coat.     Tu'nica    in'tima   seu 
glabra,  which  is  thin,  diaphanous,  reddish,  and 
ie<L 
use  of  the  arteries  is  to  carry  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  the  various  parts  of  the  system. 
It  will  be  obvious,  however,  that  they  cannot  all 
conrey  arterial  blood.     The  pulmonary  artery, 
imple,  is    destined    to   convey    the  venous 
I  >  the   lungs,  there  to   be  converted  into 
' :    whilst   the    pulmonary   veins    convey 
arterial  blood  back  to  the  heart. 

TABT.E  OF  TIIE  PRINCIPAL  ARTERIES  OP  THE  BODY. 

All  the  arteries  take  their  rise  from  the  Pul- 
monary Artery,  or  the  Aorta ;  and  the  names 
generally  indicate  the  parts  to  which  they  are 
distrii  a 

I.  Arteria  Pulmonalis. 
The  Pulmonary  Artery  arises  from  the  right 
ventri'  a  divides  into  a  right  and  left 

branch,  one  of  which  is  distributed  to  each  lung. 

II.  Arteria  Aorta. 
The  Aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle.     It  is 
the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the  body, 
and  may  be  divided  into  five  portions. 

riet  furnished  by  the  Aorta  at  its  origin. 

1.  A.  Cardiacs  or  coronaria  anterior. 

2.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  posterior. 

b.  Arteries  furnished  by  the  Aorta  at  its  arch. 

The  arch  of  the  Aorta  gives  off,  to  the  left,  two 
considerable  trunks — the  Arteria  carotidea  pri- 
nt itiva,  and  A.  $ubclavia;  and.  to  the  right,  a 
single  trunk,  which  is  larger — the  .1.  innominata, 
or  Brachio-cephaliea,  which  divides  into  the  pri- 
i  and  subclavian* 

A.  Artekia  Cako- f Divides  into  A.  Carotidea  externa, 
tldlv  i'itiMiiivv.1     and  a.  Carotidea  rat 

f  trurnishes,  i.  ,i.  Thuroidea  superior. 

•j.  ,i        ■  ■  •     ,  which  gives  off  the  A.  dor- 

[nguai  and  A.  sublingualis. 
3.  A.  faciatit    Tel   -1-    Mamtlaru 

which  furnishes  the  A.  palatini  inte- 
rior, the  A.  submental!*,  and  A.  coro- 
aaria  superior  and  inferior. 
L  ipitalis,   which  gives  off   the   A. 

mastoldea  posterior, 

which  gives  off 
Hmastoldea. 
6.  .1.  ■  '  rior. 


externa. 


The  external  carotid  ultimately  divides  into  the  tem- 
poral artery  and  internal  maxillary. 

•  '  famishes  -t.  transwertalit  faciei,  A.  auricw- 
laria  anterior,  and  A.  temporalis 


ralis. 


2.  A 
Mux, Ha- 
ter iia. 


h.  A.Ca- 
rotidea 

interna. 


T?.  Air 

TKKIV 
VIA. 


I.  Axil- 
laris. 


A.  Bra- 
chialis. 


l.A.Ba- 

dialis. 


■2.  A.  Cu- 

bitalis. 


Furnishes  13  branches,  viz. — A.  m.ningca 
medi  ■.    i.  '■*''/-.  .1.  temi 

mda    posten  I 

.    '. 
fiiw  borbi- 

taris,   A.   vidi  i  a,   A.    / 
pftaryngea 

and  .1.  spht  nopalati.no. 
Furnishes,  1.   A.  ophthalmica,  which 
off  A.  lacrymalis,  A.  centralis  ratio 
supraorbitaria  vel  superciliaris.  A..: 

teriores,  A.  clliares  tongas,  A.  museu- 
laris  superior  et  inferior,  A.  ethmoidalis 
••  rior  et  anterior.  A.  palpebralis  supe- 
rior et  inferior,  A.  nasalis,  and  A.  fronta- 
lis. 2  A.  communicans  WiUesiL  3.  A. 
choroid, n.    4.  A.  cerebratis  anterior.    i>.  A. 

Furnishes,  1.  A.  oeriebrdUs,  which  p'wes  off 
A.  spinalis  anterior  et  posterior,  A.  cere- 
bellosa  inferior,  and  forms— by  uniting  it- 
self with  that  of  the  opposite  side — the  A. 

aria,  divided  into  A.  cerebellosa  su- 
perior and  A.  oerebralifl  posterior.  2.  A 
thyroidal  inferior,  which  gives  oil  A.  eer- 
vicalis  aseendeiis.  3.  .1.  mammary 
tema,  which  gives  off  the  a.  mediasUna 
anterior  and  A.  diaphragmatica  superior. 
4.  A.  tut-  /■  ■  <■<<•(- 

lis  transversa.    0.  A.  scapularis  suj 
7.   A.    <■•  /  '/•    vel  profunda. 

Farther  on,  the  subclavian  artery  conti- 
tinues  its  progress  uuder  the  name  -1.  axil- 
laris. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  acromialis.  2.  A.  thoracica 
riar.  3.  A.  thoracica  infi  rior  vel  longa 
vel   maun.'  4.  A.  scapularis 

\ •■!   communis.    5.  A.  cirri'. 
posterior.     6.  A.  cirewnfi  Far- 

ther on,  the  axillary  artery  continues  un- 
der the  name  A.  brachiulis. 

'Furnishes  A.  humerdUs  profunda  vel  crillate- 
rulis  externa,  2.  A.  cdUateralis  interna, 
It  afterwards  divides  into  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries. 
dives  off  A.  recurrens  radiedis,  A.  dorsalis 
carpi,  A.  dorsalis  metacarpi,  A.  d</rsalis 
poUicis,  and  terminates  in  forming  the 
Arcus  palmaris  profundus. 

'Gives  off  A.  recurrens  cubitalis  anterior  and 
posterior:  A.  tnlerossea  anterior  and  pos- 
t.  rior.  whieh  latter  furnishes  .1  n 
radial  is  post.  rior.  It  terminates  in  form- 
ing the  super)  r  arch,  which 
gives  off  A.  cdBaterales  diaitorum. 


Arteries  cjiven  off  by  the  Aorta  in  the  Thorax. 


Time 

arteries 

are, 


1.  .1.  Bronchica,  dextra  et  sinistra. 

2.  A.  asophmjaa  (to  the  number  of  four, 

five,  or  six). 

iastina  post  i 
4.  .1.    intercostales    inferiores    vel    aorticce 
(to  the  number  of  eight,  nine,  or  ten). 


d.  Arteries  furnished  by  the  Aorta  in  the  Abdomen. 


Tluse     C 

brunches! 

are,     (. 


2.    A 
Caliaca. 


1.    The    A.   diaphragmatica  vel   pkrenica, 
xistra. 
Which  divides  into  three  branches,  1.  A.  to- 
uli.    2.  A.  Bepatica,  which 

'_:\ iT  A.    pylorica,   A.  gaatro-epiploica 

dextra.  and  A.  cystica ;  and.   lastly,  the   .1. 
which    :-\\>-<    ofl    L.  ;r:t~tro-epiplo- 
lca  sinistra  and  Vasa  brevia. 

Which   .rives  off   at  its  concavity  the  A.  rn- 

xtra  superior,  media  et  nth  rior.  and 

at   its  convex  part  from  Lfi  to  'JO  Kami  in- 

testinales. 


3.  .1 
/.  rica 

sup.  nor. 

4.  .1 

o.  The    I    '  •'  (to  the  number  of  two  on 

each  Side  '. 

'des. 
7 .  .1.  Spermatica . 
B.  A.  Lumbares  (to  the  number  of  four  and  five  on 

each  side). 


Which    L'ives    off    A.   oolica   tuptri 

and   infsrior,  and  divides  into  A.  basmor- 

rhoidales  Buneriores. 


ARTETISCUS 


9G 


ARTHROLOGY 


a.  A.  II 
iaca  ir 
terna 


b.  A.  II 

iaca  ex- 
terna. 


A.  Cru 

ralis 


A.  Pop- 
litasa. 


2.  A.  Ti-  I 

bialis    <J 
postica 


e.  Arteries  resulting  from   tlte   Bifurcation  of  the 
Aorta. 

The  Aorta,  a  little  above  its  Bifurcation,  gives  off 
the  A.  sacra   media,  and  divides  into  A.  iliacoz  primi- 
tives. 
A.  Jhaca  (j^viAea  jat0  A.  Iliaca  interna  and  A.  lliaca 

iari  ""'""■ 

Furnishes,  1.  A.  ilw-lumbaris.  2.  A.  sacra 
lateralis.  3.  A  glutea  vel  iliaca  posterior. 
4.  A.  umbilicalis.  5.  A.  vesicalis.  6.  A. 
obturatoria.  7.  A.  hcemorrhoidea  media. 
8.  A.  uterina.  9.  A.  vaginalis.  10.  A. 
iscJiiatiea.  11.  A.  pudenda  interna,  which 
gives  off  the  A.  hemorrhoidales  inferiores. 
A.  of  the  septum,  A.  transx-ersa  perinei, 
A.  corporis  caoemosi,  and  A.  dorsalis  penis. 
Furnishes.  1.  A.  epigastrica,  2.  A.  iliaca  an- 
terior vel  circumjlexa  ilii,  and  is  continued 
afterwards  under  the  name  of  Crural  Ar- 
tery. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  subcutanea  abdominalis.  2. 
A.  pudenda  superficialis  and  pro/ unda.  3. 
A.  muscularis  superficialis.  4.  A.  muscu- 
taris  profunda,  which  gives  off  the  A.  cir- 
cumflexa  externa  and  interna,  and  the 
three  Perforantes,  distinguished  into  su- 
perior, middle,  and  inferior.  Farther  on, 
the  crural  artery  continues  under  the  name 
A.  Poplitaia. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  Articulares  superiores,  in- 
terna, media,  et  externa.  2.  A.  Gtmellm. 
3.  A.  Articularts  inferiores,  interna  et  ex- 
terna. 4.  A  tibialis  antica,  which,  at  the 
foot,  takes  the  name  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  and 
gives  off  the  tarsal  and  metatarsal  arte- 
ries. In  the  leg,  the  popliteal  artery  di- 
vides into  the  peroneal  and  posterior 
tibial. 

1.  A.  Pe-  \  Divides  into  A. per oncea  antica  and  A. peron&a 
ronasa.    )      postica. 

( Divides  into  A.  plantaris  interna  and  A. 
plantaris  externa.  The  latter,  by  anasto- 
mosing with  the  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  forms 
the  plantar  arch,  whence  arise  Rami  su- 
periores vel  perforantes  pGstici,  B.  Inferi- 
ores postici  et  antici,  which  give  off  Rami 

l_     perforantes  antici. 

Artery,  Angular,  Facial  artery — a.  Articu- 
lar, Circumflex  artery — a.  Brachiocephalic,  Inno- 
minate arteria — a.  Central  of  the  retina,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina — a.  Central  of  Zinn,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina  —  a.  Cephalic,  Carotid  —  a. 
Cerebral  posterior,  Vertebral — a.  Cervico-scapu- 
lar,  see  Cervical  arteries — a.  Coronary  of  the  lips, 
Labial  artery — a.  Crotaphite,  Temporal  artery — 
a.  Fibular,  Peroneal  artery  —  a.  Gastric  inferior, 
G-astro-epiploic  artery — a.  Gastro-hepatic,  see 
Gastro-epiploic  artery — a.  Genital.  Pudic  (inter- 
nal) artery — a.  Guttural  inferior,  Thyroideal  A. 
inferior — a.  Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal  A.  su- 
perior— a.  Humeral,  Brachial  artery — a.  Iliac 
posterior,  Gluteal  artery — a.  Iliaco-muscular, 
Ileo-lurnbar  artery — a.  Labial,  Facial  artery — a. 
Laryngeal  superior,  Thyroideal  artery,  superior 
— a.  Maxillary  internal,  Facial  artery — a.  Median 
of  the  saerum,  Sacral  artery,  anterior — a.  Xasal, 
lateral,  large,  Spheno-palatine  artery — a.  Palato- 
labial,  Facial  artery  —  a.  Pericephalic,  Carotid 
(external)  —  a.  Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo- 
palatine artery — a.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  ar- 
tery— a.  Posterior,  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebral  ar- 
teries— a.  External  scapular,  Acromial  artery — 
a.  Spinal,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Subcla- 
vian right,  Innominata  arteria — a.  Subscapular, 
Scapular  artery,  inferior — a.  Superficial  of  the 
abdomen,  Ad  cutem  abdominis  (arteria) — a.  Su- 
pramaxillary.  Alveolar  artery  —  a.  Suprarenal, 
Capsular  artery — a.  Thoracic,  internal,  Mammary 
internal — a.  Urethro-bulbar,  Transverse  perineal 
artery  —  a.  Vesico-prostatic,  Vesical  artery  —  a. 
Vidian.  Pterygoid  artery. 

ARTETIS'CUS,  from  artus,  'a  limb.'  One  who 
has  lost  a  limb. 

ARTEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 

ARTHAXI'TA,  from  aprog,  'bread;'  the  Cyc'- 


lamen  or  Sowbread.  It  was  formerly  made  into 
ointment,  Unyuen'tum  Arthani'tce,  with  many 
other  substances,  and  was  employed  as  a  purga- 
tive, being  rubbed  on  the  abdomen. 

Arthanita  Cyclamen,  Cyclamen. 

ARTHETICA,  Teucrium  chanifepitys. 

ARTHRAGRA,  Gout— a.  Anomala,  Gout,  an- 
omalous— a.  Genuina,  Gout,  regular — a.  Legiti- 
ma,  Gout,  regular — a.  Normalis,  Gout,  regular — 
a.  Vera,  Gout,  regular. 

ARTHRALGIA,  Arthrodynia,  Gout.  See  Lead 
rheumatism. 

ARTHRELCO'SIS,  from  ap&pov,  'a  joint,'  and 
f£>xwo-iff,  'ulceration.'     Ulceration  of  a  joint. 

ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     The  reduction  of  a  fracture  or  luxation. 

ARTHREM'BOLUS,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint,' 
tv,  'in,'  and  (5a\\u,  'I  cast.'  An  ancient  instru- 
ment used  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations. 

ARTHRETICA,  Teucrium  chamaapitys. 

ARTHRIT'IC,  Arthrit'icus,  Gouty,  from  ap&pov, 
'a  joint.'  (F.)  Arthritique,  Goutteux.  That  which 
relates  to  gout  or  arthritis,  as  arthritic  symptoms, 
&c.     See  Podagric. 

ARTHRITICUS  VERUS,  Gout. 

ARTHRITIF'UGUM,  from  arthritis,  'gout/ 
and  fugare,  'to  drive  away.'  A  remedy  that 
drives  away  gout.  Heyden  terms  cold  water, 
internallv.  the  arthritif'ugum  magnum. 

ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  Arthrophlogosis,  Arthro- 
sia — a.  Aberrans,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Acuta, 
Gout  (regular) — a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism, 
chronic — a.  Asthenica,  Gout  (atonic) — a.  Atonic, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pec- 
toris— a.  Erratica,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Hydrar- 
thros,  Hydrarthrus — a.  Inflammatoria,  Gout  (re- 
gular) — a.  Juvenilis,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — a, 
Maxillaris,  Siagonagra — a.  Nodosa,  Gout  (with 
nodosities) — a.  Planetica,  Gout  (wandering) — a. 
Podagra,  Gout — a.  Rheumatica,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute — a.  Rheumatismus,  Rheumatism,  acute — 
a.  Retrograda,  Gout  (retrograde). 

ARTHROC'ACE,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint,'  and 
KaKoq,  'bad.'  Disease  of  the  joints;  and  espe- 
cially caries  of  the  articular  surfaces.  Spina 
ventosa. 

Arthrocace  CoxARmr,  Coxarum  morbus. 

ARTHROCACOLOG"IA,  from  arthrocacia— 
according  to  Rust,  a  chronic  disease  of  the  joints; 
and  \oyog,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on  chronic 
diseases  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROCARCINO'MA,  from  ap$pov,  'a 
•joint,'  and  Kapmvwua,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHRO  CHONDRITIS,  from  a/^yv,  'a 
joint,'  ^ovSpog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cartilages 
and  joints. 

ARTHRO'DIA,  from  ap$pov,  'a  joint.'  Adar- 
ticula'tio,  (F.)  Enfoncnre,  Enfonceure.  A  move- 
able joint,  formed  by  the  head  of  a  bone  applied 
to  the  surface  of  a  shallow  socket,  so  that  it  can 
execute  movements  in  every  direction.  Arthro'- 
dium  is  'a  small  joint;'  diminutive  of  Arthrodia. 

ARTHRODYX'IA,  Arthronal'gia,  Arthralgia, 
from  ap&pov,  'a  joint,'  and  oSvvn,  'pain.'  Articu- 
lar pain.  Pain  in  the  joints.  See  Rheumatism, 
chronic. 

Arthrodynia  Podagrica,  Gout. 

ARTHROGRAPHY,  Arthrograph'ia,  from 
apSpov,  'a  joint/  and  ypa^w,  'I  write.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  joints. 

ARTHROGRYPOSIS,  from  aptpov,  'a  joint,' 
and  ypvnou),  'I  incurvate.'  Malposition  of  the 
joints,  especiallv  of  the  hands  and  feet. 
ARTHROHYDRIXE,  Synovia. 
ARTHROL'OGY,  Arthrolog"ia,  from  apSpov, 
'a  joint.'  and  \oyos,  'a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  the  joints.     The  anatomy  of  the  joints. 


ARTIIROMBOLE 


- 


ARTIFICIAL 


ARTHROMBOL3,  from  ■*£»•»,  and  tfaXAw, 
»]  •  lion,  i    Uicti.'ii.     Reduction  of 

a  lux:it>'il  or  fractured  I 

HROM KN I NGITIS,  Meninirarthroeace. 
ARTHRON,  'a  joint. '     The  ancients  Mad  the 

word  Arthron   for  the  articulation   of  bones  with 
in   to  8wmpkusis,  or  articula- 
tion without  motion. 

[RON  VLGIA,  Arthrodynia. 

throphm'ma,  from  aotyov, 
'a  joint,'  an.l  syne,  'a  swelling.'  Tumefaction 
of  a  joint. 

HRONEMPYESIS,  Arthropj 
AR  rB.KOP'ATRYfArthropathi'a,  (ramap&pov, 
'a  joint,'  and  *a$os,  'affection.'     A   Lisease  of  the 

AR  rHROPHLOGO'SIS,  from  ea&sav,  «a  joint,* 

yu,     'l     bum:'     Arthri'tis,    (JsUirthro'sis. 

Inflammation  of  the  joints. 

.  HROPHLi  .  tfOVLALIS, 

i 

•I1YMA      ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
see  Adi  noctmndrius. 

ARTHROPYO'SIS,    Arthronempye'sis,    from 
apSpoi,  'a  joint.'  and  nvsv,  'pus.'     Suppuration 
the  joints. 
.  HRO-RHEUMATISMUS,     Rheumatism 
(acute  . 

ARTHRO'SIA,  from  mf&se**,  'I  articulate.' 
Arthritis,  (of  some).  Inflammation,  mostly  OOn- 
Cik'.I  to  ti:'  isionally 

extending  to  the  Burrounding  muscles.     A  genua 
of  diseases  in  tl  i  od,  including 

Gout,  Articular  inflammation,  Joint- 
acke,  Ac. 

ABTHR08IA     ACUTA,    Rheumatism,    acute  —  a. 
Chronica,  Rheumatism,  chronic — a.  Lumborum, 
Lumbago — a.   Podagra,  Goat — a.  Podagi 
pKcata,  _      iej — a.  Podagra   larvata, 

Gout  .  Podagra  regularis,  Gout  (re- 

gular . 

ARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ARTHROS  3,   from    ao?oov,  'a  joint,', 

and  c-  '"ge.'     A  white,  fungous  tu- 

mour 

ARTHROTRAU'MA,  from  a^pov,  'a  joint,' 
and  t,..-...i.  'a  wound.'      A  wound  of  a  joint. 

thic  lu  sy- 
nonymous with  aprtipia;  others  use  it  synony- 
mously with    Triir},.  ,i. 

'CffAUT,  Cynara  Bcolymus. 
Alt  I  [CHOKE,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICLE,    Articulation — a.    of    Death,    see 

P:-v 

AB  rnara  scolymus. 

ARTICULAR,  ArticuWris,  (F.)  Artieulaire, 
from  artns,  's  joint;'  articulus,  'a  small  joint.' 
That  which  the   articulations— as   the 

•  OF  THI  Ai:m,  Circumflex 
arteries  of  the  arm. 

A  i:  r  i.  ' i  i  a  i:  Au'teriks  OF  tite  Knee  arise 
from  the  popliteal  artery,  and  surround  the  til.io- 
.1  articulation.  Although  of  a  small  size. 
they  are  important,  as  they  furnish  blood  to  the 
lower  extremity  after  the  operation  for  popliteal 
aneurism.     They  are  distinguished  into  superior 

/trior.     The    superior   articular  arteries, 
popliteal  articular  arteries,  are  oommonly  three 
in  number;  one  of  which  is  internal,  another  «.<■- 
mother  mi  t'vgous  artic'- 

ular.  The  first,  Ramus  anastomot'ieus  magnus, 
snastomos<  b  by  one  branch  with  the  external  cir- 
cumflex, and  by  another  with  the  external  BOpe- 
rior  articular.     The*""/"/  anastomoses  with  the 

il  circumflex,  the  Superior  internal  arti- 
cular, and  the  inferior  external  articular;  and 
the  third  is  distributed  within  the  joint. 

articular  arteries  are  two  iu  number  :  an 

7 


internal  end  external.  The  former  annstomoses 
with  the  internal  superior  articular  and  the  ex- 
ternal inferior  articular.  The  latter  anastomoses 
with  the  recurrent  branch  of  the  anterior  tibial, 
and  the  external  superior  articular.  To  each 
articular  artery  tin  re  is  an  articular  /, 

i'    are     the     cot.'   | 
.  by  means  of  which   the  bones  are  arti- 
culated. 

Ai:ti. ft. Alt  P»0 

Akth'i  i.au    \'i:ins     of    the    knee    follow   the 
same  course  as  the  art. ■• 

ARTICULATED,  Articula'tus,  (F.)  ArrieuU, 
same  etymon  as  Articulation.     Provided  with,  or 
united  by.  articulations  :  as  an  'articulated 
ton.'     See  Skeleton,  articulated;  and  Voioe,  ar- 
ticulated. 

ARTICULATIO,  Articulation— a.  Artificial'^, 
Pseudarthrosis — a.  Notha,  Pseudartbi 

ARTICULA'TION,    Joint,    Articula'tio, 
■ir' ulus,  Junctu'ra, 
Con junc' tio,     Nodus,     <  ■ 
Syntax' is,  Har'mus,   Vertic'ula,   1  ertic'ufa 
tic'ulmn,  (F.)  Articulation,  Article.     By  I 

at  and  anatomists, 
restricted  more  particularly  to  a  movable  articu- 
lation.     Same  etymon.     The  union  of  bon< 
each  other,  as  well  as  the  kiud  of  union. 

TABLE    OP    ARTICULATION'S. 

Articulations  are  generally  divided  int 
thmees    or   movable    articulations,    aud    Synar- 
throses or  immovable. 

1.  Amphiarthroeia 

•J.  Diarthro.-is,  orlicu-  (Ennrthrosis. 

lar  iii-iii.'.  {  Artbn  .lia. 

3.  Alternative   or    Ginglymus,   which 

admits  of  varieties. 
1.   Suture. 
■1.   Harmony. 
3.  Qompbosiiti 
[  4.  |3chindj 

The  articulations  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
8,  which  are  generally  somewhat  severe. 
These  may  be  physical,  as  wounds,  sprains,  luxa- 
tions, <tc.  :  or  they  may  be  organic,  as  ankylosis, 
extraneous  bodies,  caries,  rheumatism,  gout,  hy- 
drarthroses, arthro] 

AitTii  t  i.atiox  means  also  the  combination  of 
letters  which  constitute  words.      See  Voice. 

Articulation,  1  .  Artic*- 

uhii  fiil-xitn.   (F.)  A.  fansse,  A.  accidentelle,  A. 

.  A.anormale,    A  false  joint,  formed 

d  fragments  of  bone,  that  have  remained 

ununited:    or    between  a  luxated   bone  and  the 

surrounding  parts. 

ARTICl  I.ATloX    SURNUME'RAIRE, 

Pseu  [arthrosis — </.  <  u  Charniere,  Ginglymus — a. 

-femoral  articulation. 

AB  PIC1   I.I    DIG!  rORUM  .MAM  S.  Phalan- 

the  linger- — a.  Liigitoruui  pedis,  Phalanges 

of  the  • 

ARTH  11."    MORT] 


Diarthroses. 


Synarthroses. 


ipinal 


iemispinalis  colli. 


A  l:in  I  LUS  N0V1  s.  Pseudarthrosis  — a. 
Praeternaturalis,  Pseudarthrosis  —  a.  Spuriuf, 
Psendai  tl  i 

ARTIFK     I  \I„  Artiftcia'lis,    A\)    A\ 
from    ors,  artis,    'art.'   and  facere,    'to    make.' 
That  a  hiefa  is  formed  by  art. 

Arttpii  hi  !.i  i  -  are  usually  made  of  ennmo1, 
and  re]  rt  of  hollow  bemis]  here,  a  bicb 

is  applied  beneath  the  eyelids,  when  tl. 
tost 

Arttfii  LAI  Ti  KTn  are  made  of  I 
lain. 

Prices   d*Anatomit   Artificielles,  are  prepara- 
•  i  anatomy,  modelled  in  wax,  pit 
per,  Ac. 


ARTISCOCCUS   LiEVIS 


ASARUM 


ARTISCOCCUS  L^EVIS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTIS'CUS,  from  apros,  'bread.'  See  Tro- 
chiscus.  A  troch  of  the  shape  of  a  small  loaf. 
Also,  and  especially,  a  troch  made  of  vipers. 

ARTOCARPUS.  The  Bread-fruit  Tree,  (F.) 
Jaqnier,  from  apros,  'bread,'  and  Kapnog,  'fruit.' 
A  Polynesian  tree,  so  called  because  the  fruit, 
which  is  milky,  and  juicy,  supplies  the  place  of 
bread  to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows  to  the  height 
of  40  feet. 

Artocarpus  Integrifolia,  Caoutchouc. 

ARTOC'REAS,  from  aprog,  'bread,'  and  Kptag, 
'flesh.'  A  kind  of  nourishing  food  made  of  va- 
rious aliments  boiled  together. — Galen. 

ARTOG'ALA,  from  apros,  'bread,'  and  yaka, 
i  milk.'  An  alimentary  preparatiou  of  bread  and 
milk.     A  poultice. 

ARTOM'ELI,  from  apros,  'bread/  and  peAi, 
'honey.'  A  cataplasm  of  bread  and  honey. — 
Galen. 

ARTUS,  Membrum. 

ARTYMA,  Aroma,  Condiment. 

ARUM,  A.  maculatum,  and  A.  triphyllum — a. 
Americanum  betae  foliis,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

Arum  Dracon'tium,  Arisa'ma  dracon'tium, 
Green  Dragon;  indigenous,  has  probably  the 
same  medical  properties  as  A.  triphyllum. 

Arum  Dracun'culus,  A.  •polyphyl'lurni  Dra- 
cnn'culus  polyphyl'lus,  Colubri' na  Dracon'tia, 
Erva  de  Saneta  Maria,  Giy'arns  serpenta'ria, 
Serpenta' ria  Gtdlo' rum.  Family,  Aracese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  The  roots  and  leaves 
are  very  acrimonious.  The  plant  resembles  the 
„4.  macula' turn  in  its  properties. 

Arum  Esculen'tum,  Cala'dium  esculen'tum, 
Taro,  Kalo.  The  foliage  and  roots  possess  acrid 
qualities,  which  are  dissipated  by  baking  or  boil- 
ing; in  which  form  it  is  used  as  food  by  the 
people  of  Madeira,  the  Polynesians,  <fec. 

Arum  Macula'tum,  Aron,  Arum  (of  the  older 
writers),  A.  vulga're,  Cuckow  Pint,  (Prov.)  Cocky- 
baby,  Barba,  Aaro'uis,  Serpenta'ria  minor,  Zin'- 
yiber  German'icum,  Sacerdo'tis  penis,  Wake 
llobin,  Priest's  pintle,  (F.)  Gouet,  Pied  de  Veau, 
Pied  de  lievre,  Picotin,  Giron,  Amidomiiere.  The 
fresh  root  is  stimulant  internally.  Dose,  ^j.  of 
the  dried  root.  Externally,  it  is  very  acrid. 
From  the  root  of  this  Arum  a  starch  is  prepared, 
which  is  called  Portland  Island  Sago,  Gersa  ser- 
penta'  ri(B,  Cerus'sa  serpenta' rice,  Fec'ida  a.ri 
viatula'ti. 

Arum,  Three-Leaved,  Arum  triphyllum. 

Arum  Triphyl'lum,  Arisen' ma  atrorubens, 
Three-leaved  arum,  (F.)  Pied  de  Veau  triphylle, 
Indian  Turnip,  Dragon  Boot,  Dragon  Turnip, 
Pepper  Turnip.  This  plant  grows  all  over  the 
United  States,  and  is  received  into  the  Pharma- 
copoeia under  the  title  Arum,  The  recent  root, 
or  Cormus— Arum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  very  acrimo- 
nious, and  has  been  employed  in  asthma,  croup, 
and  hooping-cough.  Boiled  in  lard,  it  has  been 
used  in  tinea  capitis,  and  in  milk  in  consumption. 
Arum  Virginicum,  Peltandra  Virginica —  a. 
"Vulgare,  A.  maculatum — a.  Water,  Calla  palus- 
tris. 

ARUMARI,  Caramata. 

ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo  — a.  Brachii 
major,  Ulna  —  a.  Brachii  minor,  Radius  —  a.  In- 
dlea,  Sagittarium  alexipharmacum —  a.  Major, 
Tibia  —  a;.  Minor,  Fibula  —  a.  Saccharifera,  see 
Saecharuin. 
ARVA,  Ava, 

ARVUM,  Vulva — a.  Naturae,  Uterus. 
ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS,   Arytenoidgeus  — a. 
Epiglotticus,  Arytamo-epiglotticus. 

ARYTvE'NA,  apvrniva,  '  a  ladle.'     Hence, 
ARYT^'NO-EP IGLOT'TICUS,  Aryta'no. 
epiglottidcB' 'us,  Ary-epiglot'ticus.    That  which  be- 
longs to  the  arytenoid  cartilages  and  epiglottis. 


Winslow  gives  this  name  to  small,  fleshy  fasci- 
culi, which  are  attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  the 
arytenoid  cartilages,  and,  by  the  other,  to  the  free 
edge  of  the  epiglottis.  These  fibres  do  not  al- 
ways exist.  They  form  part  of  the  arytenoid 
muscle  of  modern  anatomists. 

ARY'T'ENOID,  Arytano'i'des,  Aryteno'idce'us, 
from  apvTcuva,  'a  ladle,'  and  tidos, '  shape.'  Ladle- 
shaped. 

Arytenoid  Car'tilages,  Cartilag"ine8  aryte- 
noi'des  seu  guttura'les  seu  gutturi'ncB  seu  gutturi- 
for'mes  seu  trig'  uetrcs,  Guttur'nia,  are  two  carti- 
lages of  the  larynx,  situate  posteriorly  above  the 
cricoid,  which,  by  approximation,  diminish  the 
aperture  of  the  glottis.  Their  upper  extremities 
or  cornua  are  turned  towards  each  other,  and  are 
now  and  then  found  loose,  in  the  form  of  appen- 
dices, which  are  considered,  by  some,  as  distinct 
cartilages,  and  termed  cuneiform  or  tuberculated 
Cartilages,  Comic' ula  Laryn'yis. 

Arytenoid  Glands,  Gland'ulce  Arytenoids' <b, 
are  small,  glandular,  whitish  bodies,  situate  an- 
terior to  the  A.  cartilages.  They  pour  out  a  mu- 
cous fluid  to  lubricate  the  larynx. 

ARYTENOID^'US,  (F.)  Arytenoidien.  A 
small  muscle,  which  passes  from  one  arytenoid 
cartilage  to  the  other,  by  its  contraction  brings 
them  together,  and  diminishes  the  aperture  of 
the  glottis.  Winslow  divided  the  muscle  into 
three  portions; — the  Arytenoids' us  transfer' sus, 
or  Ary-arytenoidce' us,  and  two  Arytenoids'  i  ob- 
li'qui. 

ARYTHM,  Aryth'mia,  from  a,  privative,  and 
pvO/jtoi,  'rhythm,'  'measure.'  Irregularity.  This 
word  is  applied  chiefly  to  the  pulse. 

ASA,  Asafoetida.  See  Assa  —  a.  Dulcis,  Ben- 
jamin. 

ASAFCETI'DA,  Assafas'tida  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Assa- 
fet'ida,  Stercus  diab'oli,  Cibus  Deo' rum,  Asa, 
Devil's  dung,  Food  of  the  Gods.  A  gum-resin  — 
the  concrete  juice  of  Ferula  Assafce'tida,  JS'ar- 
thex  Assafoetida.  Order,  Urnbelliferee.  It  is  iu 
small  masses  of  a  whitish,  reddish,  and  violet 
hue,  adhering  together.  Taste  bitter  and  suba- 
crid  :  smell  insupportably  alliaceous.  The  Asi- 
atics use  it  regularly  as  a  condiment. 

Its  medical  properties  are  antispasmodic,  sti- 
mulant, and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx,  in 
pill. 

ASAGRiEA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Veratrina. 

AS'APES,  Asep'ton,  properly,  not  putrid,  from 
a,  privative,  and  aaitw,  or  on™,  'I  corrupt.'  A 
term  applied  by  Hippocrates  to  the  sputa,  or  to 
other  matters  evacuated,  which  do  not  give  signs 
of  coction. 

ASAPH'ATUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aacpris, 
'clear.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions in  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin,  which 
may  be  pressed  out  like  little  worms,  with  a  black 
head.     See  Acne. 

ASAPHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  ceteris, 
'  clear.'  Dyspho'nia  immodula'ta  palati'na,  Pa- 
rapho'nia  guttura'lis  seu  jialati'na.  Defective 
articulation,  dependent  upon  diseased  palate. — 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

ASARABACCA,  Asarum— a.  Broad-leaved, 
Asarum  Canadense. 

ASAR'CON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  cap%,  'flesh.' 
Devoid  of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the  term  for  the 
head  when  it  is  but  little  fleshy,  compared  with 
the  chest  and  abdomen. 

ASARET,  Asarum  —  a.  du  Canada,  Asarum 
Canadense. 

ASARI'TES,  from  carapov,  'the  asarum.'  A 
diuretic  wine,  of  which  asarum  was  an  ingredient. 
— Dioscorides. 

AS'ARUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aaiptiv,  'to 
adorn  :'  because  not  admitted  into  the  ancient 
coronal  wreaths    [?],    As' arum  EurojHB'um    seu 


ASBESTOS   SCALL 


99 


ASCLEPIAS    ALBA 


ojfflcina'li,  Narchu  Mbnta'na  sen   RuaPica,   AV- 

|  .    Atari  I  on   Cohan  t,  Azarum   < 
Oreille  (Thomme,  OreiVette,  Girard-Roussin,  Nard 
Sauvage.       Order,    Aristolochiacea), 

indria   Monogynia.     The   plant,   used    in 
medicine,  is  the  As'arum  Europa)'umtAsarabac'- 

■  I   of  this   the   leaves.     They  are  emetic, 
cathartic,  and  errhioe,  but  are  hardly  ever  em- 

,.  except  for  the  last  purpose. 

Aft  ARUM  CaHADEN'sI,  A.  <  '<in>h'iii<i'ini»i,  Oa- 
Inakeroot,  Wild  Ginger,  Golf*  Foot, 
leaf  Asarabacea,  Indian  Ginger,  Heart  Snake- 
irei  du  Canada.  The  rout  At1  arum, 
I  Ph.  U.  S.)j  j<  used  as  a  substitute  for  ginger,  and 
i<  said  to  act  as  a  warm  stimulant  and  dia- 
phoretic 

Asaruv  Cabolikiahuic,  A.  Canadense  —  a. 
Europseum,  bos  Asarum  —  a.  Hypocistis,  Cytinua 
hypocisti — a.  Officinale,  see  Asarum. 

ASB1  UiL,  see  Ecsema  of  the  hairy 

scalp. 

ASC AIN,  MIN 1- 11 A 1.  W  AT E  R  S  OF.     A Boain 
is  a  village,  situate  about  a  league  from  St.  Jean- 
i,  in  Fiance.     The  water  is  a  cold  chaly- 
beate. 

LRDAMYC'TES,  from  a,  privative,  and 
CKapSafji'TTw,  '  I  twinkle  the  eyes.'  One  who  stares 
with   I  without  moving  the  eyelids. — 

Hippoc 

Ml!«  IIDA  ANTHELMINTICA,  Verno- 
nia  anthelmintica. 

ASC  ABIDE   Ll'MBRICOIDE,  Ascaris  lum- 

bricoides — c    Vermicnlaire,  Ascaris  vcrmioularis. 

AS'CARIS,  pL  ASCAR'IDES,  from  awa^to, 

'I  leap.'     A  genus  of  intestinal  worms,  charao- 

i  by  a  long,  cylindrical  body,  extenuated 

at  the  extremities  :  and  having  a  mouth  furnished 

wita  three  tubercnles,  from  which  a  very  short 

tobe  ia  sometimes  seen  issuing.     Formerly,  there 

«  ere  reckoned  two  varieties  of  the  Ascaris  —  the 

As'caris  lumbricoVdea  Ben  gigaa  hom'inia,   Lum- 

i,   L.  teree  hom'inia,    Scolex,  (F.)  Lombri- 

ide    lombricotde,    Lotnbrie,    or   long 

round   worm:    and    the    Aa'caria    Vermieula'ria 

—  the  Ascaria  proper — the  thread  worm  or  mmo 

The    former    is    alone    included    under 

;n-.  at  present — a  new  genus  having  been 

1  of  the  A.   vermicularie,  under  the  name 

Oxyuris.     It  is   the  Oxyu'ria  sen  Fusa'ria  rar- 

aride,  A.  vermiculaire,  Oxyure 

•  ire. 

of  entozoa  has  been  found  by 
Dr.  Bellingham,  the  Aa'caria  ala'ta. 

Ascaris  Alata.  Bee  Ascaris — a.  Qigas  hominis, 
pee  Ascaris  —  a.  Lumbricoides,  Bee  Ascaris  —  a. 
Renalis,  Btrongylua  gigas — a.  Trichuria,  Tricho- 
cephalus — a.  Vermicularia,  see  Ascaris — a.  Vdsee- 
r  a  lis.  Strongylus  •_• 

A8'CELES,  As'keles,  Carene  cru'ribns,  from  a, 
privative,  and  <tkc\os,  'a  leg.'  One  who  has  no 
Legs. 

ELLA,  \  villa. 
ASCEN'DENS,  from  aseendere,  («d  and  acan- 
dere,)  'to  ascend.'  (F.)  Ascendant.  Parts  are 
thus  called,  which  are  supposed  to  arise  in  a  re- 
gion lower  than  that  where  they  terminate.  Thus, 
Aorta  aacendene  is  the  aorta  from  its  origin  to  the 
arch:  Vena  cava  aacendene,  the  large  vein  which 
carries  the  blood  from  tin;  inferior  parts  to  the 
heart:  Obliqnus  ascendent  [mtiecle),  the  lessor 
oh!i<i'">  mnsclo  of  the  abdomen,  &c. 

ASCEN'SUS  MORBL  The  period  of  increase 
of  a  disi 

HERSONIAN  VESICLES,  see  Vesicles, 
Aschersonian. 

ASCESI8,  Exerciae. 

A8CHIL,  Scilla. 

ASCHIST0DACTYLU8,  8yndae'tyl»»,  from 
a,   privative,    o^icro;,  'cleft/   and    ('u\nXoj,    'a 


finger.'     A  monster  whose  finders  are  not  sepa- 

aother. — Qnrlt 

AS'CIA    an  axe  ,  Axini .  .  D  I'abra, 

'$.    Name  of  a  bandage  mentioned 

by  the  ancients,  and  figured  by  Scultetus,  in  tho 

shape  of  an  axe  or  hatchet — Galen.   See  Uoloire. 

ASCILLA,  Axilla. 

ASCITE,  Ascites — «.  Peritoniale,  Ascites. 
ASCI'TES,    from    ugkos,    'a    leathern    sack,    a 

large  bellj  :' 

Hydrops   Abdom'inia  sen  Ascites,    Hydrogas'ter, 

Hydroperi tone' urn,  Hydrocoe'lia,  Hydrt  'tru 

Calioch'ysis,  Dropsy  of  tin  lower  belli/, 
Dropsy  of  the  Peritone'um,  |  F. )  Ascite,  A.  j 
niale,  Hydro-piritonie,  Hydropish  du  Bas-ventre 
on  du  piritoine,  A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  abdomen.  Ascites  proper  is  dropsy  of  tho 
peritoneum;  and  is  characterised  by  inci 
Bize  of  the  abdomen,  by  fluctuation  and  the  gene- 
ral Bigns  of  dropsy.  It  is  rarely  a  primary  dis- 
ease; but  is  always  dangerous,  and  but  little  sus- 
ceptible  of  cure.  Most  generally,  it  is  owing  to 
obstructed  circulation  in  some  of  the  viscera,  or 
to  excitement  of  the  vessels  of  the  abdominal 
The  treatment  is  essentially  the  same 
as  that  of  other  dropsies.  Paracentesis,  when 
had  recourse  to,  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  pal- 
liative. 

Dropsy  of  the  peritoneum  may  also  be  saccateel 
or  in  cysts,  and  occasionally  the  fluid  accumulates 
exterior  to  the  peritoneum.  Hydrepigas'triuou 
When  in  cysts  it  is  termed Hydroeye'tia,  Hydrops 
abdom'inia  sacca'tus  sou  cyv'ilcus  and  A 
8acca'tu8. 

Ascites  IIepato-Cystictts,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
culae  fellese — a.  Ovarii,  Hydrops  ovarii — a.  Puru- 
lentus,  Pyoeoelia  —  a.  Bacoatus,  see  Ascites,  Hy- 
droarion,  and  Hydrops  ovarii. 

ASCITIC,  Aacificus,  (F.)  Ascitique.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to,  or  affected  with,  ascites. 

ASCLEPI'ADiE,  Asclepi'adea,  from  AokXtjttios, 
'JBscnlapius.'  The  priest  physicians,  who  served 
in  the  ancient  temples  of  JEsculapius,  and  who 
took  their  name  from  being  his  descendants. 

ASCLEPIADE,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

ASCLEPIAS  ALBA,  A.  vincetoxicum —a. 
Apocynum,  A.  Syriaoa  —  a.  Asthmotica,  Tylo- 
phora  asthmatica  —  a.  Cornuti,  A.  Syriaca  —  a. 
Crispa,  Gomphocarpus  orispus. 

Asclepias  Cukassav'ica,  Bastard  Ipecacu- 
anha, Redhead,  Bloodweed,  The  leaves  are 
emetic  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  scruples.  It 
is  the  Ipecacuanha  blunc  of  St.  Domingo. 

Asci.kim  ls  Diet  m'iu.ns:  the  root.  Escharotic, 
cathartic,  sudorific,  diuretic. 

pia8,  Flesh-coloured,  A.  Incarnate  — 
a.  Qigantea,  Mudar. 

Ascle'pias  Ltcarna'ta,  A.  pulchra,  Flesh- 
coloured  or  ewanip  asclepias  or  silktceed.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  and  is  officinal  in  the  Ph.  1.  S., 
has  the  same  virtues  as  A.  Syriaca,  and  A.  tube- 
rose* 

Asclepias  Obotata,  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Proc"era  [?],  Beidelossar,  Bex* 
debar.  An  Egyptian  plant,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  made  into  a  plaster,  and  applied  to  indolent 
tumours.  The  milky  juice  is  caustic,  and  is  used 
as  such. 

Asclepias  Pseudobarsa,  Hemidesmus  Indi- 
ana—  a.  PubescenS,  A.  Syriaca  —  a.  Puhdira.  A. 
inearnata. 

A-  i.i  pias  Btriaca,  A.  ptubes'cmns  Beuapoc"y- 
iii', ,i  Ben  obova'ta  sen  tomento'sa  Ben  Cornn'ti, 
Common  Silkweed,  Milk  Weed,  (V.)  Herbe  d  la 
houette.  'I'll'*  cortical  part  of  the  root,  officinal 
in  the  Ph.  U.  B.,  has   been   given,  In  powder,  in 


ASCLEPIASMUS 


100 


ASPHYXIA 


asthmatic    and   pulmonic  affections   in  general, 
and,  it  is  said,  with  success. 

Ascle'pias  Suelivan'tii,  Smooth  Ifilkioeed, 
Silk  weed:  indigenous,  possesses  the  same  virtues 
as  the  next. 

Asclkpias  Tomentosa,  A.  Syriaca. 
ASCLE'PIAS  Tubero'sa,  Butterfly  Weed,  Pleu- 
risy Root,  Flux  Root,  Wind  Root,  Wind  Weed, 
White  Root,  Orange  Swallow  Root,  Silk  Weed, 
Canada  Root,  Orange  Apoc'ynum,  Tuberous 
Booted  Steal' low  Wort.  Said  to  have  been  first 
recommended  by  the  Asclepiades.  In  Virginia 
and  the  Carolinas,  the  root  of  this  plant — officinal 
in  the  Ph.  U.  S. — has  been  long  celebrated  as  a 
remedy  in  pneumonic  affections.  It  is  sudo- 
rific, and  the  powder  acts  as  a  mild  purgative. 
Its  chief  powers  are  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and  febrifuge.  It  is  occasionally  given 
to  relieve  pains  of  the  stomach  from  flatulency 
and  indigestion. 

Asclepias  Vixcetox'icum,  A.  Alba,  Cynan'- 
chum  Vincetox'icum,  Vinceto.r'icum,  V.  Officinale, 
Hirundlna'ria,  Apoc"ynum  Nova  An'g/ice  hirsu'- 
tum,  etc.,  Swallow- Wort,  White  Swallow- Wort, 
(F.)  Asclepiade,  Dompte-venin. 

The  root  is  said  to  be  stimulant,  diuretic,  and 
emmenaw^ue,  but  is  hardly  ever  used. 
ASCLEPIASMUS,  Hgeniorrhois. 
ASCLITES,  Ascites. 

ASCCKMA,  from  aaxos,  'a  bottle.'     The  emi- 
nence of  the  pubes  at  the  period  of  puberty  in 
females. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 
ASE.  Anxiety. 
ASELLI.  Onisci  aselli. 
ASELLUS,  Oniscus. 

ASE'MA  CRISIS,  kuhtis  aorjua,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  ori^a,  '  a  sign.'  A  crisis  occurring  unex- 
pectedly and  without  the  ordinary  precursory 
signs. 

ASEPTOX.  Asapes. 

ASH.  BITTER,  Quassia  — a.  Blue,  Fraxinus 
quadrangulata —  a.  Mountain,  Sorbus  acuparia 
—  a.  Mountain,  American,  Sorbus  Americana 
— a.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  elava 
Herculis — a.  Prickly,  shrubby,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxineum  —  a.  Stinking,  Ptelea  trifoliata  —  a. 
Tree,  Fraxinus  excelsior  —  a.  White,  Fraxinus 
Americana. 

ASIALORRHOE'A,  (F.)  Asialorrhee,  from  a, 
priv.,  oia\av,  'saliva,'  and peo>,  'to  flow.'  Diminu- 
tion in  the  flow  of  saliva. 

ASIMIXA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 
ASIT"IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  airos,  'food.' 
Abstinence  from  food.     Want  of  appetite, — Fas- 
tid'ium  eibo'mm,  Apoclei'sis. 
ASIUS  LAPIS,  Assius  Lapis. 
ASJAGAX,   As'jogam.     An    Indian   tree,   the 
juice   of    whose    leaves,    mixed   with    powdered 
cumin  seeds,  is  employed  in  India  in  colic. 
ASJOGAM,  Asjagan. 
ASKELES,  Asceles. 
ASKER.  Eschar. 
ASKITES,  Ascites. 

ASO'DES,  Asso'des,  from  aan,  'disgust,'  'sati- 
ety.' A  fever  accompanied  with  anxiety  and 
nausea  :  Fe'bris  aso'des  vel  azo'des. 

ASPALASO'MUS,  from  aairaXa^,  'a  mole,' and 
cd)fj.a,  'a  body.'     A  genus  of  monsters  in  which 
there  is  imperfect    development  of  the  eyes. — 
I.  G.  St.  Hilaire.     Also,  a  malformation,  in  which 
the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  chiefly  upon 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  urinary  ap- 
paratus, genitals  and  rectum  opening  externally 
by  three  distinct  orifices. — Vogel. 
ASPALTUM.  Aspbaltum. 
ASPARAGIXE,  see  Asparagus. 
ASPAR'AGUS,    Acnrapayos,  Aspar'agus    offici- 
nalis, Common  Asparagus,  Spar'agus,  Sper'agus, 
Sparrow    Grass,    Grass,   Sperage.       Ord,  Aspho- 


deleae.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  As- 
par'agi  officinalis  Turio'nts,  (F.)  Asperge.  The 
fresh  roots  are  diuretic,  perhaps  owing  to  the  im- 
mediate crystallizable  principle,  Asparagine, 
which  is  said  to  be  sedative  in  the  dose  of  a  few 
grains.  The  young  shoots  are  a  well  known  and 
esteemed  vegetable  diet.  They  communicate  a 
peculiar  odour  to  the  urine.  A  syrup  made  of 
the  young  shoots  and  an  extract  of  the  roots  has 
been  recommended  as  a  sedative  in  heart  affec- 
tions. 

ASPA'SIA.  A  ball  of  wood  soaked  in  an  in- 
fusion of  galls,  and  used  by  females  for  constring- 
ing  the  vagina. 

ASPEN,  AMERICAN,  Populus  tremuloides— 
a.  European,  Populus  tremula. 
ASPERA  ARTERIA,  Trachea. 
ASPERGE.  Asparagus. 

ASPERITAS  ARTERIA  ASPERSE,  Rau- 
cedo.      ,  ,  v 

ASPERTTE  DES  PAUP1ERES,  Trachoma. 
ASPERITUDO,  Trachoma. 
ASPERTTY,   Asper'itas,  roughness.     Asperi- 
ties are    inequalities    on  the  surfaces    of  bones, 
which  often    serve    for  the   insertion  of  fibrous 
organs. 

ASPERMATIA.  Aspermatismus. 
ASPERMATIS'MUS,  Asper'mia,  Aaperma'tia, 
from  a,  privative,  and  cnrepua,  'sperm.'     Reflux 
of  sperm  from  the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  dur- 
ing the  venereal  orgasm. 

ASPERMIA,  Aspermatismus. 
ASPERSIO,  Catapasma,  Fomentation. 
ASPER'SIOX,  Asper'sio,  from  aspergere  (ad 
and    spargere),    'to    sprinkle,'    (F.)    Arrosemeut. 
Act  of  sprinkling  or  pouring  a  liquid  guttatim, 
over  a  wound,  ulcer,  &e. 

ASPERULA,  Galium  aparine. 
Asper'ulA    Odora'ta,   (diminutive    of  asper, 
'rough,'  the  seeds  being  rough),  Ga'lium  odora'- 
tum,   Matrisyl'va,   Hepat' ica  stella'ta,  (F.)  Aspc- 
rule    odorante    ou    Muguet    des    bois,    Hepatiqne 
etoilee.      Ord.  Rubiacea?.      Sex.  Syst.  Tetranuria 
Monogynia.      Sweet-scented    Woodroof.     Said  to 
be  diuretic,  deobstrueut,  tonic,  and  vulnerary. 
ASPER  CLE  ODORANTE,  Asperulaodorata. 
ASPHALTI'TES.  Ncphri'tes,  Nephri'tis,  Pri- 
ma Vertebra  lumba'ria,  same  etymon  as  asphal- 
tum.    A  name  given  by  some  to  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra. — Gorra^us. 

ASPHAL'TUM.  Nep'ta,  Arsal'tos,  Asphal'tum, 
from  aaipaXifyiv,  '  to  strengthen,'  being  used  as 
a  cement.  [?]  With  the  Greeks,  this  word  signi- 
fied any  kind  of  bitumen.  It  is  now  restricted 
|  chiefly  to  the  Bitu'men  of  JeDjE'a,  B.  Juda'- 
\  ictim,  A.  sol'idum,  Jews'  Pitch,  Karabe  of  Sodom, 
(F.)  Asphalte,  Bitume  de  Judee,  Poix  minerale 
scoriacee,  Bitume  de  momie  ou  des  funiraillea.  It 
is  solid,  friable,  vitreous,  black,  shining,  inflam- 
mable, and  of  a  fetid  smell.  An  oil  is  obtained 
from  it  by  distillation.  It  enters  into  the  compo- 
sition of  certain  ointments  and  plasters. 

It  is  collected  on  the  surface  of  the  water  of 
the  Dead  Sea  or  Lake  Asphaltites,  in  Juda?a. 
ASPHARIXE.  Galium  aparine. 
ASPHOD'ELUS,  Aat}>oh\os,  A.  Ramo'sus  seu 
Alius  sen  Maris,  Has' tula  Regis,  (F.)  Lis  osplnj- 
clele.  The  bulbs  of  this  southern  European 
plant  have  an  acrimony  which  they  lose  in  boil- 
ing water.  They  contain  a  fecula  with  which 
bread  has  been  made,  and  have  been  considered 
diuretic.  They  have  been  used  as  a  succedaueum 
for  the  squill. 

ASPHYCTOS,  Pulseless. 

ASPIIYX'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  ando-0t>£?,  'pulse.' 
Defec'tus  Pulsus,  Acrotis'mus,  Sidera'tio,  Sydera'- 
tio,  (F.)  Anhematosie.  For  a  long  time,  Asphy- 
xia was  confined  to  the  sense  of 'suspension  of 
circulation  or  syncope;'  Pulselessness.      It  now 


ASPIIYXIAL 


101 


ASSIDENTIA   SIGXA 


generally  means  tnepended  animation,  produced 
by  the  noneonversion  of  the  venous  blood  of  the 

■.  Apnos- 
axphyr'iti,  Ankmn  t&umo-eardi'- 

Piorry.  Owing  to 
the  supply  of  air  being  eut  off,  the  unchanged 
venous  blood  of*  the  pulmonary  artery  passes  into 
the  minute  radicles  <>f  the  pnlmonary  vein-,  bat 
their  peculiar  excitability  requiring  arterial  blood 
Its  them,  stagnation  tab  the  pul- 

monary radicles,  and  death  occurs  chiefly  from 
this  cans.-.  —  not  owing  to  venous  blood  being 
distributed  through  the  system,  and  'poisoning* 
of  Bichat  Oanu  aephyx'ia, 
Hurt  apparent,  More  pntatVva,  Peeudothan'atoe, 
Apparent  death,  (P.)  Mart  apparente,  is  charac- 
terized by  suspension  of  respiration,  of  tl 
i>ral  functions,  4c  Sereral  varieties  of  Asphyxia 
have  i  ited. 

1.  Asphtx'la  or  tiik  Nkw-Borx,  A.  neonate' - 
rnm.     This  is  often  dependent  upon  the  feeble 
condition  of  the  infant,  not  permitting  respiration 
stablished. 

I  i\  BTNoxiona  Tn-hala'tion,  or  in- 
halation of  gases,  some  of  which  cause  death  by 
producing  a  .re   of  the    glottis; 

athers  by  the  want  of  oxygen;  and  others  are 
■ly  deleterious  or  poisonous. 

3.  Asimiyx'ia  BT  StranGULA'tTOK,  OT  Suffoca'- 

produced    by  mechanical   impediment  to 
respiration,  as  in  hanging. 

4.  Asphtx'la  nv  Bcbubr'siow,  A.  by  drown- 

reo'rum,  Angiairhydrie  (Piorry),  as 
-  in  the  drowned,  who  perish  in  consequence 
of  the  medium  in  which  they  are  plunged,  being 
unfit  for  respiration.     See  Submersion. 

Mr.  Chevalier  has  used  the  term  Aephyx'ia 
Tdiopath'iea,  for  fatal  syncope  owing  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Suffocation. 

vx'tv  Immki'sorim.  A.  l.y  submersion— 
ingrene — a.  Neonatorum,  A.  of 
the  new-born  — a.  Pestilenta:  —  see  Cholera  — a. 
Pestilential : — see  Cholera. 

HVX'IAL.   Aepkyx'ic      Relating   to  as- 
•  aephyrial  phenomena.' 
ASPHYXIB   DES  PARTIES,   Gangrene— 
•  </<■*  nouveau-nee,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular r  • 

ASPHYX'IE  D.  Aepkjpfialed,  Aepiyxia'hu, 

tymon.     In  a  state  of  asphyxia. 
ASPIC,  Aspis,  Lavandula  spica. 
ASP1  DISC*  >S,  Sphincter  ani  externum. 
ASPID'IUM  A  X  II  a  M  A  N'T  I  C  D  M,  from 
small  shield.'  diminutive  of  a<TTif,  'a 
shield.'      A    South    African    fern,    Ord.    Fiiices, 
which    is    possessed    of   anthelmintic    properties'. 
in    the   form  of  powder,  infusion,  or 
n   found  excellent  in  helmin- 
thiasis, and  especially  in  tapeworm. 

!l"  M    Coriaobu*,    Calagualas    radix  — a. 
turn,  Polypodium  GHz  mas— a.  Discolor,  see 
lalse  radix  — a.  Brosum,  Polypodium  filix 
tina,  Asplenium  filix  faemina— 
lagoalss  radix  — a.  Filix 
mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 
ASPIRATIO.  Inspiration. 
ASPIRATION,  Adepira'tio,  Aepira'tio,  from 
aepirare   [ad   and   epirare),  'to  breathe.'     The 
French  sometimes  use  the  term   synonymously 
with  inspiration.      It  also  means  theactof  attract- 
racking  like  a  pump.     Imbibition.     Also, 
the  pronunciation  of  a  rowel  with  a  full  It 

A8PIS,  am*     A  nam-  given  by  the  ancients 
t  i  a  venomous  serpent— the  JBgyptian  i 
Lac€pi  y  dangerous, 

""ll  ir  ■■  ii  the  reptile whioh 

Cleopatra  used  for  her  destruction. 

A.8PLE'NI1  M,  Atpte'num,  from  a.  prir.,  and 
9v\r}v,  '  the  spleen.'     A},/. .  nwort,  Milt  waste. 


AsPLBinun  At/rbcw,  A.  eeteraeh. 

AbPLB'NIUM  Cit'ki:  \.  it,  A.  <m'r,um  sen  lati- 
fo'linm,  Qymnogram'mt  eeteraeh,  Doradil'la. 
Bleehnum  tqnettno'ettm,  Seolopen' dria,  Athyr'ion, 
•ach  qffieina'rum  sen  Oanarien'eie,  Qrammi'- 
■ii./,  sen ati'rea,  Gymnop'terie  eeteraeh,  \'it- 
ta'ria  eeteraeh,  (P.)  Uoradille.  Ord.  . 
Supposed  to  be  subastringent  and  mucils 

and  has  been  recommended  as  a  pectoral.     It  has 

ten  given  in  calculous  i 
Asi-i.i:'mim  Fii.ix  Imk'mina,  Potypo'dinm  JUix 
I    nolle  sen  denta'twm  sen  inei'eum  sen 
tri/'idum,  Aepidium  filix  /amino,  Athyr'ium  filix 
fosmina  sen  moUi  seu  ova'tum  sen  tri/'idum,  Pte- 
rin palun'tris,  Female  fern,  Spleentoort,  i  E 
ptre  femtlle.     The  root  of  this   plant   resembles 
that  of  the  male  fern,  and  is  said  to  | 
lar  anthelmintic  virtues.     The  name  /emale  fern 
is  also  given  to  Pteris  aquilina. 

Asplenium  Latifolilm,  A.  eeteraeh  —  a.  Mu- 
rale,  A.  ruta — a.  Obtusum,  A.  ruta  muraria. 

Asii.k'.mim  Ruta  Mdra'ria,  A.  mura'li  seu 
ohtn'sum,  Paronychia,  Phylli'tit  ruta  mura'ria, 
Seolopen' drium  ruta  mura'ria,  Wallrue,  White 
Maidenhair,  Tenttoort,  Adian'tum  album,  Ruta 
mura'ria,  Sal'ria  Vitce,  (F.)  Rue  dee  muraillee, 
Same-vie.     Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last. 

Abplb'hidk  Scolopen'dkhm.  Scolopendrium 
qffieina'rum  seu  lingua  seu  phylWtia  seu  vulga'- 
re,  Seolopen1 'dra,  Seolopen' dria,  J/art'S  Tongue. 
Spleenwort,  Phylli'tie,  Lingua  eervi'na,  Bleehnum 
ligni/o'lium,  (F.)  Seolopendre,  Langue  de  cer/. 
Properties  like  the  last. 

AsPLK'nIOI     TRICHOMAXOi'nF.S,    A.     Trichom'- 
anes,  Phylli'tis  rotundi/o'lia,  CalyphyV lu\ 
chom'anee,  T.  crena'ta,  Adian'tum  rubrum, 
mon    Maidenhair,    Polyt'riehum   commit' ne,   (F.) 
Polytric.     Properties  like  the  last. 
AS  PLENUM.  Asplenium. 
ASPREDO,  Trachoma  — a.  Miliacea,  Miliary 
fever. 

ASPR&LE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
ASPRITUDO,  Trachoma. 
ASSABA.     A  Guinea  shrub,  whose  leaves  are 
considered  capable  of  dispersing  buboes. 
ASSACOU,  Hura  Brasilient 
ASSA  DOUX,  Benjamin — a.  Dulcis,  Benjamin 
— a.  Odorata,  Benjamin. 

LFETIDA,  Asafostida, 
ASS  IFCBTIDA,  Asafoetida, 
ASSAIERET.     A  compound  of  bitter,  stoma- 
chic, and  purgative  medicines  in  the  form  of  pill. 
— Avioenna. 

ASSAINISSEMENT  (F.),  from  ad,  'to,' 
and  tanare,  'to  make  healthy.'  The  act  of  ren- 
dering healthy,  as  by  the  draining  of  marshes, 
the  disinfection  of  the  air.  <tc. 

A8SAIS0NNEMENT,  Condiment. 

ASSAKUR,  Saocharnm. 

ASS  \L A.  see  Mvristica  moschata. 

ARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 
ASSA'TIO,  OpU'tit.     The  boiling  of  food  or 
medicines  in   their  own  juice,  without   the  addi- 
tion of  any  liquid.     Various  kinds  of  cooking  by 
heat. — Galen. 
ASSELLA,  Axilla. 

A   preparation  of  opium, 
-    me  narcotic,   used   by   the    Turks  as  an 
excitant. 

ERCULUM,  Splint 

A  3SERVATION,  Conservation. 

ASSES'  .MILK,  see  Milk,  i 

AssfM1  Milk,  Artificial,  see  .Milk,  asses'. 

AS'Sl  DENS,  fr-.m  „,/,  *  to,*  and  tedere,  '  to  he 
seated.'  That  which  accompanies  or  is  concomi- 
tant. An  epithet  applied  to  the  accessory  symp- 
toms, Aeeiden'tia  *i<jna,  and  general  phenomena 
of  dist 

ASSIDENTIA  SIGN  A,  see  Assidens. 


ASSIMILABLE 


102 


ASTHMA 


ASSIM'ILABLE,  Aasimilab'ilis.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Assimilation.  That  which  is  susceptible 
of  assimilation. 

ASS  [MMLATING-,  Asmm'ilatory,  Assimilato'- 
rius,(F.)As*imilateur.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
That  winch  effects  assimilation,  as  an  assimilating 
or  assimilatory  organ. 

ASSmiLA'TIOX,A89imila'tio,gimila'tio,Ap- 
propria'tio,  Exomoio'sis,  Homoio'sis,  Threpeis, 
Threp'tice;  from  assimilare,  (ad  and  similare,) 
'to  render  similar.'  The  act  by  which  living 
bodies  appropriate  and  transform  into  their  own 
substance  matters  with  which  they  may  be  placed 
in  contact.  The  reverse  action  —  that  of  separa- 
ting and  eliminating  matters  already  assimilated, 
in  the  act  of  nutrition — is  termed,  by  the  French, 
JJesassimilation. 

ASSIS,  Asserac. 

AS'SIUS  LAPIS,  A'sius  Lapis.  A  -sort  of 
stone  or  earth,  found  near  the  town  of  Assa  in 
the  Troad,  which  had  the  property  of  destroying 
proud  flesh. 

ASSOCIATED  MOYEMENTS,seeInstinctive. 

ASSODES.  Asodes. 

ASSOUPISSANT,  Somniferous. 

ASSO  UPISSEMENT,  Somnolency. 

ASSOURON,  see  Myrtus  Pimenta. 

ASSUETUDO,  Habit. 

ASSULA,  Splint. 

ASSU-LTUS,  Attack. 

ASSUMPTIO,  Prehension. 

ASTACI  FLUVIATILIS  CONCREMEXTA, 
Cancrorum  chela?. 

ASTACUS  FLUVIATILIS,  Crab. 

ASTAKILLOS,  Araneum  ulcus. 

ASTARZOF.  An  ointment,  composed  of  li- 
tharge, frog's  spawn,  Ac.  Also,  camphor,  dis- 
solved in  rose  water. — Paracelsus. 

ASTASIA,  Dysphoria. 

ASTER  ATT1CUS.  Bubonium. 

Astku  Cordifouus,  Heart-leaved  Aster,  A. 
Punic'ets,  Rough-stemmed  Aster,  and  other 
indigenous  species,  Order  Conipositae,  possess 
aromatic  properties. 

Aster  Dysentericus,  Inula  dysenterica  —  a. 
Heart-leaved,  A.  cordifolius — a.  Helenium,  Inula 
Helenium — a.  Inguinalis,  Eryngium  campestre — 
■ — a.  Officinalis,  Inula  Helenium  —  a.  Rough- 
stemmed,  A.  Puniceus — a.  Tortifolius,  Serieocar- 
pus  tortifolius — a.  Undulatus,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ASTE'RIA  GEMMA,  Aste'rius,  Astroi'tes,  As'- 
trios,  Astrob'uhts.  The  ancients  attributed  ima- 
ginary virtues  to  this  stone,  —  that  of  dispersing 
jS'ceri  Materni,  for  example. 

ASTERIAS  LUTEA,  Gentiana  lutea. 

ASTER'XIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  onpvov, 
'the  sternum.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is 
absence  of  the  sternum. 

ASTEROCEPHALUS  SUCCISA,  Scabiosa 
succisa. 

ASTHENES,  Infirm. 

ASTHENI'A,  Vis  imminu'ta,  from  a,  priv., 
and  (x&evos,  'force/  'strength.'  Want  of  strength, 
debility.  (F.)  Affaiblissement.  Infirmity.  A 
word  used  in  this  sense  by  Galen,  and  employed, 
especially  by  Brown,  to  designate  debility  of  the 
whole  economy,  or  diminution  of  the  vital  forces. 
He  distinguished  it  into  direct  and  indirect:  the 
former  proceeding  from  diminution  of  stimuli; 
the  latter  from  exhaustion  of  incitability  by  the 
abuse  of  stimuli. 

Asthenia  Deglutitioxis,  Pharyngoplegia — a. 
Pectoralis.  Angina  Pectoris. 

ASTHEX'IC,  A-sthen'icns,  (F.)  Asthenique. 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  Relating  or  belonging 
to  asthenia. 

ASTHENTCOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHEXICOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 


ASTHENIQUE,  Asthenic. 

ASTHEXO'PIA,  held' has  seu  Hebetu'do  vi- 
sas, (F.)  Affaiblissement  de  la  Vuc,  from  a,  priv., 
odevos, '  strength,'  and  wi£,  'the  eye.'  Weakness 
of  sight :    Weak-sightedness. 

ASTHENOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic,  Typhus. 

ASTHENOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHMA,  from  aodpa,  'laborious  breathing;' 
from  aw,  'I  respire.'  A.  spas' ticum  adnlto'rum 
seu  bronchia' le  seu  senio'rum  seu  convulsi'vum  seu 
j  spas'ticnm  intermit' feus,  Spas' mus  bronchia' lis, 
Dyspnoe'a  et  orthopnea  couvulsi'va,  Malum  Ca- 
1  du'cum  pulmo'num,  Broken-windedness,  Nervous 
asthma,  (F.)  Asthme,  A.  nerveux.  Ditficulty  of 
breathing,  recurring  at  intervals,  accompanied 
with  a  wheezing  sound  and  sense  of  constriction 
in  the  chest;  cough  and  expectoration. 

Asthma  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  not  curable  with 
facility.  Excitant  and  narcotic  antispasmodics 
are  required. 

There  are  no  pathognomonic  physical  signs  of 
asthma.  In  some  cases,  the  respiration  is  uni- 
versally puerile  during  the  attack.  In  the  spas- 
modic form,  the  respiratory  murmur  is  very  feeble 
or  absent  during  the  fit;  and  in  all  forms  percus- 
sion elicits  a  clear  pulmonary  sound.  The  disease 
generally  consists  in  some  source  of  irritation,  and 
occasionally,  perhaps,  in  paralysis  of  the  pn eu- 
ro ogas  trie  nerves,  BronchoparaV ysis,  Paral'ysis 
nervi  vagi  in  parte  thorac" ica,  more  frequently 
of  the  former  —  all  the  phenomena  indicating 
constriction  of  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifica- 
tions. The  treatment  is  one  that  relieves  spasmo- 
dic action  —  narcotics,  counter-irritants,  change 
of  air,  &g. 

Asthma  Aco'tum,  of  Millar,  A.  spas'ticnm  in- 
fan'tum,  Cynan'che  Trachea' lis  spasmod' ica,  (F.) 
Asthme  aigu.  Probably,  spasmodic  croup  [?]. 
See  Asthma  Thymicum. 

Asthma  Aerium,  Pneumothorax  —  a.  Aerium 
ab  Emphysemate  Pulmonum,  Emphysema  of  the 
Lungs  —  a.  Arthriticum,  Angina  Pectoris  —  a. 
Bronchiale,  Asthma. 

Asthma,  Car'diac,  (F.)  Dyspnee  ou  Asthme 
Cardiaque,  Dyspnoea  dependent  upon  disease  of 
the  heart. 

Asthma  Coxvulsivum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a. 
!  Diaphragmaticum,  Angina  Pectoris  —  a.  Dolo- 
rificum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 

Asthma,  Grinders',  Grinders'  Rot.  The  ag- 
gregate of  functional  phenomena,  induced  by  the 
inhalation  of  particles  thrown  off  during  the  ope- 
ration of  grinding  metallic  instruments,  &c.  The 
structural  changes  induced  are  enlargement  of 
the  bronchial  tubes,  expansion  of  the  pulmonary 
tissue,  and  phthisis. 

Asthma  Gypseum,  A.  pulverulentum — a.  Hay, 
Fever,  hay. 

Asthma  Hu'midum,  Humid,  Common,  or  Spit- 
ting asthma,  is  when  the  disease  is  accompanied 
with  expectoration.  It  is  also  called  A.  humo- 
ra'le,  A.  flatulen'tum,  A.  pneumon'icum,  L'lenno- 
tho'rax  cliron'icus,  &c. 

Asthma  Infantum,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a. 
Infantum  Spasmodicum,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Kop- 
pian,  A.  Thymicum  —  a.  Laryngeum  Infantum, 
A.  Thymicum — a.  Montanum,  A.  pulverulentum 
— a.  Nervous,  Asthma — a.  Nocturnum,  Incubus. 

Asthma  Pulverulen'tum,  A.  gyp'seum,  A. 
monta'num.  The  variety  of  asthma  to  which 
millers,  bakers,  grinders,  and  others  are  subject. 

Asthma  Siccum,  so  called  when  the  paroxysm 
is  sudden,  violent,  and  of  short  duration;  cough 
slight,  and  expectoration  scanty;  spasmodic  con- 
striction. 

Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Ixcoxstaxs, 
Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Spasticum  Infantum,  A. 
Thymicum. 


ASTHMATIC 


10: 


ATAVISM 


T.  Kop'pii,  Asthma 
ifan'tnm  spasmo'dicum 
t-u  intermittens  infan'- 


/"' 


irttlll      (Kit' tit  III, 


Asthma    Thv'micch.  A 

in   in  fit  n't  ii  in  seu   i 
8CU  I'tii/ii'/p'iiin  infnn'tttin  s 

a  <i>  utii -n't in m   sou 
Thymasth'ma,  Cynan'chi  true  nd'ica 

w  glot'tidis,  Koppian  Asthma,  Thymic 
mi  vti  i<l'  it  fit.*,  Laryngo-spas- 
i  infan'tnm,  S/i-isiit  of  thr  larynx  or 
r}l.,tti*.  Crouprlike  inspiration  of  infants, 
crowing.  Spasmodic  croup,  Pseudo-croup,  Spu'ri- 
ons  nr  Cer'ebral  croup,  Phreno-glot'tism,  Suffo- 
cating nervous  catarrh,  (V.)  Laryngite striduleuse, 
i  lo-croup  in  t  if>-  In 

tin  Thorax.     A  disease  of  infants,  cha- 
racterised by  suspension  of  respiration  at  inter- 
vals ;  great  difficulty  of  breathing,  especially  on 
waking,  swallowing,  or  crying;  ending  often  in 
a  lit  of  suffocation,  with  convulsions.  The  patbo- 
the  disease  ha s  boon  supposed  to  consist 
in  an  enlargement  of  the  thymus  gland,  or  of 
the  glands  of  the  neck  pressing  on  the  pnenmo- 
gastric  nerve;:  ['.'}.     The  ear.  by  auscultation,  at 
a  distance  from  the  chest,  detects  an  incomplete, 
acute,  bissing  inspiration,  or  rather  oryj  whilst 
ration  and  voire  are  oroupal,  both  at  the 
I  termination  of  the  paroxysm.    The 
heart's  action  has  been  observed  to  be  distinct 
and  feeble. 

These  symptoms    are   often    accompanied    by 
rigidity  of  the  fingers  and  toes  ;  the  thumb  being 
tly  drawn  forcibly  into  the  palm  of  the 
clenched   hand,   whence    the    name    Carpo-pedal 
.  applied,  at  times,  to  the  dis< 
MA   TTPICOTf.     Asthma  characterized  by  I 
periodicity. 

Asthma   Uteri,  Hysteria  —  a.  Weed,  Lobelia' 
Inflata. 

[MAT'IC,    Atthmaficus,    Pnoocolyt'icva,  \ 
thmatique.     Affected  with  asthma.     Rela- 
ting to  asthma. 
ASTHME  AIGU,  Asthma  acutum— a.  Cardi- 
Utbma,  cardiac — nr.  Nerveux,  Asthma. 
[G'MATISM,  Astigmatism' us,  from  a.  pri- 
vative, and   anyua.  aTiyftaroi,  "a  point.'      A  Btate 
of  irregular  refraction  in  the  eye.  in  which  the 
r  '   brought  to  one  focus,  but  converge 

at  different  distances,  so  as  to  form  two  linear 
i  it  right  angles  to  each  other. 

OMUS,   from    a,  privative,   and  gtojiu,  'a 
BBOUth.'  One    without    a    mouth. 

Pliny  speaks  of  a  people  in  India  without  mouths, 
who  live  mill'  iiitn  1 1  <wi 

TRAGALE  COL  l>\  Colluin  astragali. 
ASTRAGALOIDES    SYPHILITICA,  Astra- 
galus exscapus. 

EtAG'AHJS,   Talus,  the   Ankle,  Qua' trio, 

Quar'tio,  Quater'nio,  Diab'ebos,  Peza,  Cavic'ula, 

Cavil' la,    Tetro'ros,    As'trion,    0%    Ballist'a   seu 

./?,  from  aerrpayaXog,   'a  die,'  which  it  has 

been  considered  to  resemble [?].     A  short  bone, 

situate  at  the  superior  and  middle  part  of  the 

where  it  la  articulated  with  the  tibia.     It 

is  the  onkl<    bone,  sling  bone,  or  first  /><>iie  of  the 

fun!.     The  anterior  surface  Is  convex,  and  has  a 

well-marked  prominence,  supported  by  a  kind  of 

■  11  called  the  head  of  the 

lus.     The  astragalus  Is  developed  by  two 

points  of  ossification. 

A1b»  bra  of  the  neck. 

Abtrag'alus    Bx'si  ipus,    AstragaloVdes  sy- 
plili''  -   9f ilk-vetch,  (F.)   Astragals  d 

'       .  I.    | 
delphia   Decandria.     The  root  is  said  to  have 
mfirmed  syphilis. 

A81   :  -'.'  LLUB  TH  IGAC  LHTH1  -  ICanth. 

\<:'\u  s  Vsans,  Spina  hirci,  Astrag'alus 
thorn,  Milk-vetch.     Th< 
which    affords   Gum    Trag'acanth.      See   Traga- 

caut:.a. 


ASTRANTIA,  Imperatoria — a.  Diapensia,  Sa- 
nicula. 

ASTRA  BE,  Corusca'tio,  Vulgar,  Fulmen, 
Lightning,  Galen  reckons  it  amongst  the  re- 
cuses of  epil 

A81  RI<    riON,  ic'tio, 

CoHStric'tio,  from  astringere,  [ad  and  strimgere,) 
•  to  eonstringe.'     Action  of  an  astringent  sub- 

stance  on  the  animal  economy. 
ASTB  [CTOB  I  A,  Astringents. 
ASTRINGENT    ROOT,   Ooraptonia   aepleni- 

folia. 


ASTRIN'GENTS,  Astringen'tia,  Adstncto'ria, 
Adstringen'tia,  Stryphna,  Cutastal'tica,  Conttrin- 
gen'tia,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica,  Syncrit'iea, 
Astricto'ria.  Same  etymon.  Medicines  which 
have  the  property  of  eonstringing  the 
textures.      External   astringents  are  called  Styp- 

The  following  are  the  chief  astringent! 
diiin  Bulphurioum,  A.  Tannicum,  Alumen,  Ar- 
genti  Nitras,  Catechu.  Creasoton,  Cupri  Sulpha.-, 
Tinet.  Ferri  Cbloridi,  Liquor  Perri  Nitratis, 
Perri  Sulphas,  Gallm,  Hssmatoxylon,  Kino,  Kra- 
meria,  Liquor  Calcis,  Plumbi  Acetas,  Quercus 
Alba,  Quercus  Tinctoria,  Zinci  Sulphas. 

ASTRION,  Astragalus. 

ASTRIOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

AS'TROBLES,  from  hot^ov,  'a  star.' and/?a»w, 
'I  strike.'  One  struck  by  the  Btars,  ridera'tus.) 
One  who  is  in  a  state  of  sideration —  in  an  apo- 
plectic state. — Gorrseus. 

ASTROBLESIA,  A.-trobolismus. 

ASTROBOLIA,  Astrobolismus. 

ASTROBOLIS'MUS,  Astrobol'ia,  Astrol '  ft '  -, 
II,  li'asis,  Helio'eis.  Same  etymology.  Sidera'- 
tion,  or  action  of  the  stars  on  a  person.  Apo- 
plexy.— Theophrastus,  Gorrseus, 

ASTROBOLOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROITIS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROLOGER,  see  Astronomy. 

ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolog"ia,   from   aarpov,   fa 

star,'  and   \oyog,  'a  discourse.'     The  art  of  divi- 

|  ning  by  inspecting  the  stars.      Tiiis  was  formerly 

|  considered    to   be  a  part  of  medicine:  and  was 

called  Judicial  Avtrolotji/,  to  distinguish   it  from 

astronomy. 

ASTROX'O^I  Y,  Astronom'ia,  from  acrfjov,  'a 
star,  and  vofxos,  'a  law,'  'rule.'  A  science  which 
makes  known  the  heavenly  phenomena,  and  the 
laws  that  govern  them.  Hippocrates  places  tins 
and  astrology  amongst  the  necessary  studies  of 
a  physician.  In  the  earlier  English  writers, 
Astronomer  is  often  used  in  the  sense  of  Astro- 
loger. 

AS  YSTOLTE,  from  a,  privative,  and  avaro'Xrj, 
'systole.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beau  to  a  period, 
in  diseases  of  the  heart,  in  which  the  systole  is 
incomplete  :  or,  at  hast,  is  insufficient  to  free  the 
ventricles  from  the  blood  in  them. 

ASTRUTHIUM,  Imperatoria. 

ASTYPHIA,  Impotence. 

A8TYSIA,  Impotence. 

ASUAR,  Myrobalanus  Indica. 

AS1    LCI,  I. apis  lazuli. 

ASYNODIA,  Impotence. 

ATACTOS,  Erratic. 

ATAB  \<'T  IPOIE'SIA,  AtaractopSe'sia^  from 

a,  privative,  rapasrot,  'troubled,'  and  wotuv,  '  to 

make.'    Intrepidity,  firmness;  a  quality  of  which, 

according  to  Hippocrates,  the  physician  ought  to 

in  the  high< 

ATARAX'IA,  from  n.  privative,  and  raoa£<v, 
'trouble.'  'emotion.'  Moral  tranquillity,  peace 
of  mind. 

AT'AVISM,  Atavism' us,  from  atavus,  'an  old 

grandsire  or  ancestor  indefinitely.'    The  case  in 

u  which  an  anomaly  or  disease,  existing  in  a  family, 


ATAXIA 


104 


ATLAS 


is  lost  in  one  generation  and  reappears  in  the 
following. 

ATAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ra^ig,  'order.' 
Disorder,  irregularity.  Hippocrates  employs  the 
word  in  its  most  extensive  acceptation.  Galen 
applies  it,  especially,  to  irregularity  of  pulse; 
and  Sydenham  speaks  of  Ataxia  Spiritmua  for 
disorder  of  the  nervous  system.  Ataxia,  now, 
usually  means  the  state  of  disorder  that  charac- 
terizes nervous  fevers,  and  the  nervous  condition. 

Ataxia  Spirituum,  Nervous  diathesis.  See 
Ataxia. 

ATAX'IC,  Atax'icus  ;  same  etymon.  Having 
the  characters  of  ataxia. 

ATCHAR,  A'chia,  Achar.  A  condiment  used 
in  India.  It  is  formed  of  green  fruits  of  various 
kinds  —  garlic,  ginger,  mustard,  and  pimento  — 
pickled  in  vinegar. 

ATECNIA,  Sterilitas. 

ATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis,  from  ars\vs, 
'imperfect,'  'defective,'  and  zktciois,  'dilatation.' 
Imperfect  expansion  or  dilatation  ;  as  in 

Atelec'tasis  Pulmo'num,  Pneumonatelec'ta- 
sis,  Pneumatclec'tasis.  Imperfect  expansion  of 
the  lungs  at  birth,  giving  rise  to  Cyano'sis  pul- 
mona'lis.  A  similar  condition  is  observed  in 
lungs  which  have  received  air,  and  in  a  distinctly 
1  ibnlar  form.  This  is  regarded  by  Dr.  W.  T. 
(xairdner  as,  in  all  probability,  a  secondary  le- 
sion, and  dependent,  in  the  majority  of  instances, 
on  a  catarrhal  condition  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 
It  is  called,  by  him,  pulmonary  collapse,  or  col- 
lapse of  the  lung,  and  has  received  the  name 
apnenmoto' 'sis  from  Fuchs. 

AT'ELES,  aTsXtjg,  'imperfect,'  'defective.' 
Hence 

ATEL'IA,  (F.)  Atelie.  A  monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  a  want  of  some  members. 

ATELOCHEI'LIA,  from  arcUg,  'imperfect,' 
and  x^Aos,  'lip.'  A  malformation  which  consists 
in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  lip. 

ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,  from  ar^ns,  'imper- 
fect,' and  tyKt(pa\ov,  'the  encephalon.'  State  of 
imperfect  development  of  the  brain. — Andral. 

ATELOGLOS'SIA,  from  areXqs.  'imperfect,' 
and  yXwaaa,  'tongue.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the 
tongue. 

ATELOGNA'THIA,  from  areXijs,  'imperfect,' 
and  yvados,  'the  jaw.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  jaw. 

ATELOMYEL'IA,  from  art\r,g,  'imperfect,' 
and  nvtXus,  'marrow.'  State  of  imperfect  deve- 
lopment of  the  spinal  marrow. — Beelard. 

ATELOPROSO'PIA,  from  areXns,  'imperfect,' 
and  7rpoCTW77ov,  'the  face.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  imperfect  development  of  the  face. 

ATELORACHIDIA,  Hydrorachis. 

A  T  E  L  0  S  T  0  M '  I  A,  from  areXi??,  'imperfect/ 
and  croixa,  'mouth.'  One  whose  mouth  is  im- 
perfectly developed. 

ATER  SUCCUS,  Atrabilis. 

ATHAMAN'TA,  from  Athamas,  a  place  in 
Thessaly.     A  genus  of  plants. 

Athamanta  Annua,  A.  Cretensis. 

Athaman'ta  Aureoseli'num,  Oreoseli'nnm, 
0.  legit' imum  sen  nigrum,  Seli'num  oreoseli'nnm, 
Peuced'anum  oreoseli'nnm,  Apium  monta'num, 
Black  Mountain  Parsley,  (F.)  Persil  de  3Ion- 
tagne ;  Orel.  Umbelliferae.  The  plant,  seed,  and 
roots,  are  aromatic.  It  has  been  considered 
attenuant,  aperient,  deobstruent,  and  lithontriptic. 
The  distilled  oil  has  been  used  in  toothache. 

Athaman'ta  Creten'sis  seu  Cre'tica,  A.  an'- 
iiua,  Libano'tis  annua  seu  Creten'sis  seu  hirsu'ta, 
Daucus  Creticus  seu  Candid' nun,  Jfyrrhis  an'nua, 
Candy  Carrot.     The  seeds  of  this  plant  are  acrid 


and  aromatic.  They  have  been  used  as  carmina- 
tives and  diuretics. 

Athamanta  Macedonica,  Bubon  Macedoni- 
cum — a.  Meum,  _<Ethusa  meum. 

ATHAXASIA,  Tanacetura. 

Athana'sia,  from  a,  privative,  and  Savaros, 
'death.'  An  antidote  for  diseases  of  the  liver, 
jaundice,  gravel,  <fec.  It  consisted  of  satfron, 
cinnamon,  lavender,  cassia,  myrrh,  juncus  odo- 
ratus,  honey,  &c,  and  was  esteemed  to  be  sudo- 
rific. 

ATHARA.  Athera. 

ATHELAS'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  0,7X17, 
'a  breast  or  nipple.'  Impracticability  of  giving 
suck;  from  want  of  nipple  or  otherwise. 

ATHELXIS,  Sucking. 

ATHE'NA.  Name  of  a  plaster,  recommended 
by  Asclepiades,  and  composed  of  oxide  of  copper, 
sublimed  oxide  of  zinc,  sal  ammoniac,  verdigris, 
gall  nuts,  and  a  variety  of  resinous  and  other  in- 
gredients.— Oribasius,  Aetius,  and  P.  iEgineta. 

ATHEXIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A  pill, 
composed  of  myrrh,  pepper,  castor,  and  opium; 
used  to  allay  coughing.-— Celsus. 

ATHE'RA,  Atha'ra,  from  aOnp,  'an  ear  of 
corn.'  A  kind  of  pap  for  children  ;  also,  a  kind 
of  liniment. — Dioscorides,  Pliny. 

ATHERAPEUTUS,  Incurable. 

ATHERO'MA,  from  a$rjpa,  'pap  or  pulp,'  Em- 
phy'ma  encys'tis  uthero'ma,  Molina' cum,  Pulta'tio. 
A  tumour  formed  by  a  cyst  containing  mattei 
like  pap  or  Bouillie,  or  plaster. 

ATHEROMATOUS,  Atheromato'des.  Having 
the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

ATHLE'TA,  from  a$\os,  'combat.'  Athlete, 
(F.)  Athlete.  Athletae  were  men  who  exercised 
themselves  in  combat  at  the  public  festivals. — 
Vitruvius. 

ATHLET'IC,  Athlet'icus,  (F.)  AthUtiqm  ;  con- 
cerning Athletce.  Strong  in  muscular  powers. — ■ 
Foesius. 

ATHOL  PORRIDGE,  see  Mahogany. 

ATHORACOCEPHALUS,  Acephalogaster. 

ATHRIX,  At'richus,  Calvus,  (F.)  Chaave ; 
from  a,  privative,  and  Qpil;,  rpi^oj,  'hair.'  Bald, 
(Sc.)  Beld,  Bellit.     One  who  has  lost  his  hair. 

Athrix  Depilis,  Alopecia. 

ATHYM'IA,  An'imi  defcc'tus  et  anxi'etas  sell 
demis'sio,  Tristit"ia,  Masror,  Lype,  from  a,  priv., 
and  $vnos,  'heart,'  'courage.'  Despondency.  The 
prostration  of  spirits  often  observable  in  the  sick. 
—  Hippocrates.  Melancholy.  —  Swediaur.  See 
Panophobia. 

Athvmia  Pleonectica,  see  Pleonectica. 

ATHYRIOX,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

ATHYRIUM  FILIX  F03MLNA,  Asplenium 
filix  foemina — a.  Filix  mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas 
— a.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — a.  Ovatum, 
Asplenium  filix  foemina — a.  Trifidum,  Asplenium 
filix  foemina. 

ATLAXTAD,  see  Atlantal. 

ATLAN'TAL;  same  etymon  as  Atlas.  Rela- 
ting or  appertaining  to  the  atlas. 

Atlantal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
region  where  the  atlas  is  situated. — -Barclay. 
Atlantad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  to  signify 
'towards  the  atlantal  aspect.' 

Atlantal  Extremities.     The  upper  limbs. 

ATLAXTION,  Atlas. 

ATLAS,  Atlan'tion,  Astrag'alus,  from  arXao), 
'  I  sustain.'  The  first  cervical  vcr'tebra ;  so 
called  from  its  supporting  the  whole  weight  of 
the  head,  as  Atlas  is  said  to  have  supported  the 
globe  on  his  shoulders.  Chaussier  calls  it  At- 
lo'ide.  This  vertebra  in  no  respect  resembles  the 
others.  It  is  a  kind  of  irregular  ring,  into  which, 
anteriorly,  the  processus  dentatus  of  the  second 
vertebra  is  received.  Posteriorly,  it  gives  pas- 
sage to  the  medulla  spinalis. 


ATLODIDYMUS 


in-, 


ATRIPLEX   F(ETIDA 


ATLODID'YMUS  «*,  (T.)  At' 

fr  'Mi   Atlas,  'the   first   bone  of  the  neck*'  and 

cu'vpo^,    -;i    twin.'      A    monster    which    is    simple 
nil   double    above.     M.    [aid.    Geoftroy 

Saint-IIilaiie    applies    this    term    to    a    monster, 
which  bas  a  single  body,  with  two  distinct  heads 
supported  on  one  neck. 
LOlDB,  A' 

ITLOI  D'O-AXOID,  (F.)  Atlordo-aroidien. 
Relating  to  both  the  Atlas  ami  the  Axis 
tebra  Dentata. 

iioo-AXOin  ARTicrLATrov.     The  articula- 
ti  ui  between  tin-  tir>t  two  cervical  vertebras. 

Atloido-axoid  Lio'avbxts.  These  are  two 
in  number;  one  anterior  and  another  posterior, 
passing  between  the  two  vertebras. 

ATLOID'O-OCCIPTTAL.  Relating  to  the 
atlas  and  occiput  The  Atloido-oecip'ital  Arti- 
cnla'tion  is  formed  by  the  condyles  of  the  oeci- 
pital   hone  and  the  superior  articular  snrt  . 

pital  muscle  is  the 
•  •us  minor. 

A  TLOfDO  SOUS-MASTOlDTEN,   Obliquus 
r  OCuli — a,  Soiis-uccijjitdlc,  Rectus   capitis 
lateralis. 

ATMI  LTRI'A,  Atmidiat'rice,  from  arpos,  'va- 
p  uir,'    and    tarpeta,    'treatment.'     Treatment    of 
•  by  fumigation. 

ATMrDI  ^TRICE,  Atmiatria. 

ATMISTERION,  Vaporarium. 

ATM >>S.  Breath. 

AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmotpha'ra,  from  untos, 
'vapoc.r.'  and  trQaipa,  'a  sphere;' — as  it  were, 
{pours.  The  atmosphere  is  a  sphe- 
rioal  mass  of  air.  surrounding  the  earth  in  every 
part  :  the  height  of  which  is  estimated  at  15  or 
16  leagues.  It  presses  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  and  this  pressure  ha-,  necessarily,  sensible 
on  organized  bodies.  The  surface  of  the 
human  body  being  reckoned  at  15  square  feet,  it 
is  computed  that  a  pressure  of  33,000  pounds  or 
more  exists  under  ordinary  circumstances;  and 
this  pressure  cannot  he  increased  or  diminished 
materially,  without  modifying  the  circulation  and 
all  the  function-;. 

ATMOSPHERIZATIOff,  Ihematosis. 

ATOC1  \.  Steriiitas. 

ATOL'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  roXpa,  'confi- 
dence.' Want  of  confidence;  discouragement. 
A  state  of  mind  unfavorable  to  health,  and  in- 
jurious in  disease.  It  is  the  antithesis  of  Eu- 
tol'mia. 

ATOMY.  Skeleton. 

ATONIA.  Atony — a.  Ventriculi,  Gasterasthe- 
nia. 

AT'ONTC  Aton'icuM,  (P.)  Atoniqut.  Wanting 
tone.  Same  etymon  a-  tin'  next.  Also,  a  modi- 
cine  capable  of  allaying  organic  excitement  or 
irritation. — Schwilgue. 

Ad"' 'XV.  Aton'ia,  Infir'mittu  ei  Remit' tie  r!'- 
ritim.  Languor,  Lax'itcu,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rovus, 
•force.'     Want   of   tone.     Weak i 

every  organ,  ami  particularly  of  fchoee  that  ate 
eon 'rac tile.  Violent  gastritis  bas  been  described 
by  Beribonius  LargUS  under  a  similar  name. 
Arui">r,   Afnii'iii. 

AIT,  LBIL'IARY,  AtrabiViovt,  AtrabUia'n'x, 
AtrabiHo'ene,  (P.)  Atrabilaire,  Atrabileux,  from 
■  lack.'  and  bt'lia,  'bile.'  An  epithet  given 
ancients  to  the  melancholic  and  hypo- 
chondriac, because  they  believed  the  Atrabilis 
to  predominate  in  such. 

An:  wm.i  utv  CAPStTLES,  ArtTKttiK^  and  Vkivs. 
Th<-  renal  08 psnles,  arteries  and  veins;  the  for- 
mation of  Atrabilis  having  been  attributed  to 
them. 

ATRABI'LIS,  same  etymon.  Afer  mirrvn. 
Black   Bile   or  melancholy,   (F.)   Atrabilc.     Ac- 


cording to  the  ancients,  a  thick,  black,  acrid 
humour,  secrete!,  in  the  opinion  of  some,  by  tho 
pancreas:   in    that  of  others,  by    the   Mima  renal 

capsules.  Hippocrates,  Galen.  Aetius,  and  .others, 
ascribe  great  influence  to  the  Atrabilis  in  the 

production    of  hypochondriasis,  melancholy,  and 
mania.      There    is   really    no    such    humour.      It 
was  an  imaginary  creation. — Aretssus,  Rufua  of 
Ephesus,  &o. 
ATRACHB'LOCEPH'ALUS,    from    a,    priv., 

rpa^riXoi.  'nee!;,'  and  Kt$a\n,  'head.'      A  m<  niter 

whose  neck  is  partially  or  wholly  deficient. 

All;  LCHE'LUS.  Same  etymon.  One  who  is 
very  short-necked. — Galen. 

ATRAC'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Car'dmu 
pi'neiu,  Ixi'n?,  Qummy -rooted  Atraetylia,  Pi  is 
Tkittle.  Ord.  Compositse.  The  root,  when 
wounded,  yields  a  milky,  viscid  juice,  which 
concretes  into  tenacious  masses,  and  is  .-aid  to 
be  chewed  with  the  same  views  as  mastich. 

ATRAC  KM:.  Clematis  vitalba. 

ATRAMEN'TUM,  A.  Snto'rium,  Tnk,  Chcdcan'- 
thion,  (F.)  Em-re.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  as  an  external  application  in  her- 
petic affections. 

AtrahBNTUN  SuTOUIUM",  Fcrri  sulplias. 

ATRE'SIA,  (P.)  Atr&rie,  Adherence,  Imperfo- 
ration.     Same  etymon  as  Atretus.     See  .Monster. 

Atrb'sta  Am  Adn.v'ta,  Amu  Tmperfora'hn, 
Fmperfora'tio  am',  Atretocys' la,  (F.j  Imperfora- 
ti'mi  <li-  I'lduif.  Congenital  imperforation  of  the 
intestinal  canal. 

ATRETELYTRTA,  Colpatresia. 

ATRETrSMUS,  Imperforation. 

ATRETOCEPH'ALUS,  from  arpvros,  'imper- 
forate,' and  Ktipa\rj,  'head.'  A  monster,  in  which 
some  of  the  natural  apertures  of  the  head  are 
wanting. — Gurlt. 

ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from  arp;ro?,  'imperfo- 
rate, and  kophos,  'trunk.'  A  monster  in  which 
the  natural  apertures  of  the  trunk  are  wanting. — 
Gurlt. 

ATRETOCYSTA.  Atresia  ani. 

ATRETOMETRIA,  llvsteratresia. 

ATRETOPSIA,  Coreclisis. 

ATRETOSTOM'IA.  from  arpr,^,  'imperfo- 
rate,' and  cropa,  'mouth.'  Imperforation  of  the 
mouth. 

ATRETURE'TIIRIA,  from  arpvros.  'imperfo- 
rate,' and  ovpr)df.a,  'urethra.'  Imperforation  of 
the  urethra. 

ATRE'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rpaoy,  'I  per- 
forate.' Imperforaftua,  Imperforate.  One  whoso 
anus,  or  parts  of  generation,  are  imperforate 
[aproc'tue). 

ATRIA,  Auricles  of  the  heart  —  a.  Mortis,  seo 
Death. 

AT'RICES.  Small  tumours,  which  appear  oc- 
casionally  around  the  anus.  Some  commentators 
consider  the  word  to  be  synonymous  with  con- 
dylomata.—  Forestus. 

ATRICHIA,  Alopecia — a.  Adnata,  see  Alope- 
cia— a.  Senilis,  see  Alopecia. 

ATRICHUS,  Athrix. 

AT'RICI.  Small  sinuses  in  the  vicinity  of  tho 
anus,  not  penetrating  the  rectum. 

ATRIO-VENTRICUL  VR.  Auriculo-ventrieu- 
lar. 

ATRIPLEX  P(ETIDA,Chenopodiumvulvaria. 

AtRTPLBX  BoRTBN/8I8,  A.  Sati'vn,  (F.)  Ar- 
roche,  Bonne  Dame,  Follette.  Ord,  Cbenopodia- 
ce;c.  The  herb  and  seed  of  this  plant  have  been 
exhibited  as  antiscorbutics. 

Afriplex  nl'imue,  A.  PortvlacoVdt  "■.  and  A. 
Pnt'iilit.  are  used  as  pickles,  and  have  similar 
properties. 

AtRIPLVX  IjACINIATA,  A.  patula— a.  Mexicans, 

Ohenopodium  ambrosoidei  -a.  Odorata,  cie  no- 
podium  botrys — a.  Olida,  Chcnupodium  vulvaria. 


ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER 


106 


ATTRITION 


Atkiplex  Pat'ula,  A.  lacinia'ta  seu  Pur- 
thia'na,  Spreading  Orache;  indigenous;  Family, 
Ghenopodiaceee.  The  expressed  juice  is  said  to 
be  cathartic.  It  has  been  used,  in  place  of  gam- 
boge, in  dropsy  and  asthma. 

Atkiplex  Purshiana,  A.  patula. 

ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER,  Sinus  dexter 
eordis —  a.  Cordis  sinistrum,  Sinus  pulmonalis  — 
a.  Vaginae,  Vestibulum. 

AT'ROPA,  from  Arpojrof,  'immutable,'  'the 
goddess  of  destiny;'  so  called  from  its  fatal 
effects. 

Atropa  BellADOn'nA,  Belladon'na,  B.  bac- 
cif'era  seu  trichot'oma,  Deadly  Nightshade,  Com- 
mon Dwale,  (Sc.)  Mekilwort,  Sofa' nit m  letha'le 
seu  horten'se  nigrum,  Sola'num  mani'aeum  seu 
furio'sum.  seu  melanocer' anus,  (F.)  Belladone, 
Morelle  furien-se,  Belle  Dame.  Ord.  Solanaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves — 
Belladonna  (Ph.  U.  S.) — are  powerfully  narcotic, 
and  also  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  They  are 
occasionally  used  where  narcotics  are  indicated. 
Sprinkling  the  powdered  leaves  over  cancerous 
sores  has  been  found  to  allay  the  pain  ;  and  the 
leaves  form  a  good  poultice.  Dose,  gr.  J  to  gr.  j 
of  the  powdered  leaves. 

Atropa  Man'drag'ora,  Mandrag'ora,  M.  ver- 
na'lis  seu  officinalis  seu  acau'lis,  Circa'a,  Anthro- 
pomorph'us,  Malum  terres'tre.  Mandrake,  The 
boiled  root  has  been  used  in  the  form  of  poultice 
to  indolent  swellings. 

ATROPHIA,  Atrophy,  Tabes  — a.  Ablactato- 
rum,  Brash,  weaning — a.  Cerebri,  Phrenatrophia 
— a.  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the — a.  Glandula- 
ris, Tabes  mesenterica  —  a.  Hepatis,  Hepatatro- 
phia  — a.  Infantum,  Psedatrophia,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— a.  Intestinorum,  Enteratrophia. 

Atrophia.  Lactan'tium,  Tabes  nutri'enm  seu 
lac'tea.     The  atrophy  of  nursing  women. 

Atrophia  Lienis,  Splenatrophia  —  a.  Mesen- 
terica, Tabes  mesenterica— a.  Testiculi,  Orchida- 
trophia — a.  Unguium,  Onychatrophia. 

A  TPOPHIE,  Atrophy— a.  Mesenterique,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

AT 11  OP HIE  MUSCULAIRE  PROG  RES- 
SI  YE,  Paralysie  musculaire  atrophiqne,  Atrophie 
m  it  sen  la  ire  primitive  ou  idiopathique  ou  avec 
transformation  graisseuse.  A  rare  malady,  in 
which  the  muscles  become  so  greatly  atrophied 
that  they  cannot  perform  their  functions. 

ATROPHIED,  see  Atrophy. 

AT'ROPHY,  Maras'mus  Atro'pTiia,  Atro'phia 
Maras'mnS,  Marau'sis,  Ma'cies,  Gontabescen'tia, 
Tabes,  Marco'res,  A>ialo'sis,  from  a,  privative, 
and  rpo<i>ri,  'nourishment.'  (F. )  Atrophie,  I)es- 
sechement.  Defective  nutrition,  Hypotrophy.  Pro- 
gressive and  morbid  diminution  in  the  bulk  of 
the  whole  body  or  of  a  part.  Atrophy  is  gene- 
rally symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or  organ  thus 
affected  is  said  to  be  at'rophied. 

Atrophy  of  the  Heart,  see  Heart,  atrophy 
of  the. 

ATROPIA,  Atropine — a.  Sulphate  of,  Atropia? 
sulphas. 

ATROP'LE  SULPHAS,  Sulphate  of  Atrop'ia 
(Ph.  L.).  Formed  by  dissolving  atropia  in  dilute 
sulphuric  acid;  evaporating,  and  crystallizing. 
Virtues,  the  same  as  those  of  Atropia. 

ATROPINE,  Atropi'na,  Atrop'ia,  Atrnp'iym, 
Atropi'nitm,  liellitdon' nin,  (F.)  Atropine.  The 
active  principle  of  Atropa  Belladonna,  separated 
by  Brandes,  by  a  process  similar  to  that  for  pro- 
curing morphia.  A  single  drop  of  a  solution,  of 
one  grain  in  f^i^  °f  distilled  water  with  a 
few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  applied  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  lower  eyelid,  causes  dilatation  of 
the  pupil,  in  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes.  A  grain 
to  a  drachm  of  lard  is  an  application  in  neu- 
ralgia. 


ATTACHE,  Insertion. 

ATTACK,  Tnsul'tus,  Assul'tus,  Irrep'tio,  Tnra'- 
8i'o,  E is' bole,  Lepsis,  (Prov.)  Take,  (F.)  Attaqve. 
A  sudden  attack,  invasion  or  onset  of  a  disease. 
A  seizure.  One  attacked  or  affected  with  severe 
disease  is  often  said,  in  the  United  States,  to  be 
"taken  down,"  or  to  be  "down"  with  it. 

ATT  A  GAS,  Attagen. 

AT'TAGEN,  At'tagas,  the  Fran'colin.  Cele- 
brated with  the  ancients  both  as  food  and  medi- 
cine.— Martial,  Aristophanes. 

ATTANCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  mineral  water  in  France,  at  Attancourt,  in 
Champagne  ;  about  three  leagues  north  of  Join- 
ville.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  contains 
sulphate  of  lime.     In  large  doses  it  is  purgative. 

ATTAQUE,  Attack  —  a.  des  Nerfs,  Nervous 
attack. 

ATTAR  OF  ROSES,  see  Rosa  centifolia. 

ATTELLE,  Splint. 

ATTENOTING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
in  Bavaria.  The  water  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  iron  and  alum. 
It  is  much  used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula,  old  ul- 
cers, calculi,  and  hemorrhoids. 

ATTEX'UANTS,  Attenuan'tia,  Leptun'tica, 
(F.)  Attennants,  Leptontiques,  from  tennis,  'thin.' 
Medicines  which  augment  the  fluidity  of  the 
humours. 

ATTENUA'TION,  Attenua'tio ;  same  etymon. 
Thinness,  emaciation.  A  term  used  by  the  ho- 
moeopathists,  in  the  sense  of  dilution  or  division 
of  remedies  into  infinitesimal  doses. 

ATT/RANT,  Attrahent, 

ATTITUDE,  Situs  Cor'poris.  Low  Latin, 
aptitudo  ;  from  Latin  apt  are,  'to  fit.'  Situation, 
position  of  the  body.  The  attitudes  are  the  dif- 
ferent postures  which  man  is  capable  of  assum- 
ing. In  General  Pathology,  the  attitude  will 
often  enable  the  physician  to  pronounce  at  once 
upon  the  character  of  a  disease,  or  it  will  aid  him 
materially  in  his  judgment.  In  St.  Vitus's  dance, 
in  fractures,  luxations,  &c,  it  is  the  great  index. 
It  will  also  indicate  the  degree  of  nervous  or 
cerebral  power;  hence  sinking  down  in  bed  is 
an  evidence  of  great  cerebral  debility  in  fever. 
The  position  of  a  patient  during  an  operation  is 
also  an  interesting  subject  of  attention  to  the 
surgeon. 

ATTOL'LENS  AUREM,  A.  Auric'idas,  Lcra'- 
tor  Ann's,  Stipe' rior  Anris,  Attol'lens  Auric' ttlam, 
Auricula' ris  supe'rior,  (F.)  Attricultiire  superienr, 
Temporo-auricitlaire.  A  muscle  of  the  ear,  which 
arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinous,  from  the 
I  tendon  of  the  occipito-fron talis,  and  is  inserted 
|  into  the  upper  part  of  the  ear,  opposite  to  the 
anti-helix.     It  raises  the  ear. 

Attollexs  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi  —  a. 
Oculum,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

A  TTOUCHEMENT,  Masturbation. 

ATTRACTION  OF  AGGREGATION,  Cohe- 
sion, force  of. 

ATTRACTIVUM,  see  Magnet. 

ATTRACTIVUS.  Attrahent. 

ATTRACTORIUS.  Attrahent, 

ATTRAHENS  AURICULAM,  Anterior  auris. 

ATTRAHENT,  At'trahens,  Attract!1 ens.  At- 
tracto'rius,  from  ad,  vto,'  and  traho,  'I  draw.' 
(F.)  Attractif,  Attiraut.  Remedies  are  so  called, 
which  attract  fluids  to  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied,  as  blisters,  rubefacients,  &c. 

ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT  (F.).  A  bistoury 
invented  by  a  French  surgeon,  called  Biennalse, 
j  and  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  See  Bis- 
touri  cache. 

ATTRITA.  Chafing. 

ATTRITIO.  Attrition.  Chafing. 

ATTRITION,    AttrV'tio,    Ecthlim'ma,    from 


ATTRITUS 


107 


A  U  R  A  X  T  I U  M 


ad,  and  trrcre,  'to  bruise.'     Friction  or  br 

eardialgia. — 
Senoertus.     Likewise,  a  violent  contusion. 
ATTEITUS,  Chafing. 

ATYF'IC,  Atyp'iem,  Afypoe,  (F.)  Atypique, 
.  privative,  and  mwos,  'type.'    Thai  which 
type.     Irregular.     Chiefly  applied  to  an 
irregular  intermittent) — Febrie  atyp'ien, 
ATYPOS,  Kit;. tic. 

AUAN'TE,  from    avnratg.    '  d- 

tlon.'     Eippocrates  gave  this  name  to  a  disease, 
the  principal  symptom  ofwhioh  was  emaciation. 

Atrm 
A  I  BE-  VIONE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

M  I'.El'l.Xi:.  Mespilua  oxyacantha. 
Al  BEHGINE,  Solanom  Melongena. 
AUBIFOIN,  Centaurea  eyanns,  Cyanus  sege- 
tum. 

AUCHEN,  folium. 

UIEUMA.  Torticollis. 
S,  from  <ir,Y'/i'.  'the  neck.'   One 
affected  with  stiff  neck  or  torticollis. 
11. MM  S,  Autumn. 
AUDE,  Voice. 

AUDINAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
dinao  U  Bituate  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
1  .The  water   contains  a  Bmall   quantity 

of  sulphohy dric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  carbonates  of  lime  and  iron, 
and  a  bituminous  substance.  Temp.  G7°  Fahr. 
lr  is  mneh  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  herpes, 
scrofulous  diseases,  Ac 
At' J > /'/ 'IF.  Auditory. 

AUDIT"I0N,  from  audire,  aiidituni.'tohenr ;' 
Audit"io,  Audi'tun,  A'coe,  Aeoi'*ia,   Aeu't 
i >■    ■.   Hearing.     The  act  of  hearing.     The  sen- 
sation  arising  from  an   impression   made  on   the 
auditory  nerves  by  the  vibrations  of  the  air.  pro- 
duced by  a  sonorous  body.     The  physiology  of 
Audition  is  obscure.      It  probably  takes  place:  — 
1.   By   the   vibrations   being  communicated   from 
the  membrana  tympani  along  the  chain  of  small 
to  the  membrane   of  the  foramen  ovale. 
-  of  the  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, the  membrane  of  the  foramen  rotundum 
3.  The  transmission  may  be  made 
by  means  of  the  bony  parietes.     In  these  three 
ways  the  vibrations  produced  by  a  sonorous  body 
may  reach  the  auditory  nerve.    Audition  may  be 
benoe   the   difference   between 
g  and  simply  hearing. 
AU'DITORY,  Auditu'rius,  Avditi'vne,  Awh'- 
I'.,  Audit  if.     That  which   relates  to  audi- 
tion. 

Auditory  Artbmeb  and  Yi::ns,  are  vessels 
Which  enter  the  auditory  canals,  and  are.  like 
them,,  di.-tinguished  into  internal  and  external. 
]  tternal  auditory  artery,  A.  Tympanique— 

D  oil'  by  the  styloid,  a  branch  of  the 
external  carotid:  the  internal  is  a  branch  of  the 
basilar;  artery,  which  accompanies  the  auditory 
tributed  to  it.     The  Auditory 
empty  into   the  internal  and  external  ju- 
gulars. 

Auditor*  Cakal,  External,  Men' tne  audita' - 
ter'nue,  Atvea'rium,  Scapha,  Seaphue,  \'.' 
Conduit  auditif  externe,  Com', tit  anriculaire, 
aces  at  the  bottom  of  tin'  concha,  at  the 
For  a' men  audit  i'vnm  externum,  passes  inwards, 
forwards,  and  a  little  downwards, and  terminates 
ai  tin-  membrana  tympani.     It  is  partly  cartila- 

!!.-.  and  partly  fibrous. 

;  .  Is  1 1  rn  \i..  .)/<  a'tus  audito'. 

■I<  t'ltiot,    PortU    sell     SinUS    <"  iis'tirui,    ('//or, 

mduit  auditif  interne,  C.  labyrinthique,  is 
situate  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 

•  the  temporal  bone.  From  the  Fora'men 
auditi'vum    inter' num.    where    it    commences,    it 


forwards  and  outwards,  and  terminates 
by  a  kind  of  cui-de-eac,  mae'ula  erihro'ett,  perfo- 
rated by  many  lode.-,  one  of  which  is  the  oritico 
of  the  Aquae  ductus  Fallopii ;  and  the  others  com- 

munieate  with   the  labyrinth. 

A  i  i.  emu  audito' riut  sea 

labyrinthique  —  (Ch.),  is   the  Portia 

Mollis  of  ,  ;h   pair.      li    ail  OS   from   the 

corpus  restiforme,  from  the  floor  of  the  fourth 

ventricle,  and  bj  means  af  white  stria'  from  the 
Bides  of  the  calamus  BCriptoriue.  A.-  it  leaves  the 
eneephalon,  it    tonus    a  Hath  ned    cord,  and    pjo- 

ith  the  facial  nerve  through  the  f! 
auditivum  internum,  and  as  tar  as  the  botl 
the  meatus,  where    it   .separates    from    the    facial, 
and  divides   into    two   branches,  one  going  to  the 
cochlea,  the  cochlear;  the  other  to  the  vestibule 
and  semi-circular  canal.-,  the  vestibular. 

AUCE,  Al'veu*.  Some  of  the  older  anatomists 
gave  this  name  to  a  reservoir,  into  which  liquids 
tiow  in  an  interrupted  manner,  so  that  it  is  alter- 
nately full  and  empty.  Such  are  the  ventricles 
and  auricles  of  the  heart. 

AUGGERE,  Intermittent  Fever. 

AUGMENTATION,  from  auger*,  anctum,  'to 
increase;'  Augmen'tum,  fneremen'tum,  Anab'aeie, 
Auc'tio,  Auatis,  Progree'eio,    Progree'eu*,   . 

.  I    Augment.     The   stage    of   a  disease    in 
which  the  symptoms  go  on  increasing. 

AULISCUS,  Canula.     See  Fistula. 

AULOS,  Canula,  Fiitula.  See  Vagina,  and 
Foramen. 

AIM  ALE.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
male  is  a  town  of  Upper  Normandy,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Caux.  Several  springs  of  ferruginous 
mineral  waters  are  found  there,  whose  odour  is 
penetrating,  and  taste  rough  and  astri 
They  are  tonic,  and  employed  in  debility  of  the 
viscera,  <kc 

AUMURE,  Parietaria, 

AUNE  NOIRE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

AUNEE,  Inula  helenium  — ".  Dytevtiriqne, 
Inula  dysenterica — «.  Officinale,  Inula  helenium. 

AURA,   PnoS.      A   vapour  or   emanation   from 
any   body,   surrounding  it    like    an    atmos 
Van   Belmont  regarded   the  vital   princij 
gas  and  volatile    spirit,    which    he    called  Aura 
vitalie. 

In  Pathology,  Aura  means  the  sensation  of  a 
light  vapour,  which,  in  some  diseases,  appears 
to  set  out  from  the  trunk  or  limbs:  and  to  rise 
towards  the  head.  This  feeling  has  been  found 
to  precede  attacks  of  epilepsy  and  hysteria,  and 
hence  it  has  been  called  Aura  Epilep'tica,  and 

A.   hi) ntcr' int. 

ACRA  EPILEPTICA,  see  Aura — n.  Hysterica,  see 
Aura. 

\i  ra  Sak'gutnt8.  The  odour  exhaled  by  blood 
newly  drawn.     See  Gaz  Sanguinis. 

AURA  Sem'ikis,  A.  aemina'lie,  Spir'itua  geni- 
ta'lie:  —  A  volatile  principle  fancied  to  exist  in 
rm,  and  i  igarded  by  some  as  the  fecun- 
dating agent.     Such  is  not  the  case. 

Aura  Vi  pa  lis,  Vital  principle. 

AURAL  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY, 
Otiatria. 

AURANCUM,  see  Ovum. 

AURA  SITE,  see  Agaric 

All;  \.\TI  A  CURASSAVEtf'TIA,  A.  r„ra*- 
sm/ica,  Curaeeo'a  apple*  ><r  orangee.  Immature 
oranges,  ehcck.-d,  by  aocideot,  in  their  growth. 
They  are  a  grateful,  aromatic  bitter,  devoid  of 

acidity.      Infused  in  wi ,r  brandy  they  make  a 

gOO  I  Btomaohie.  Tiny  are  also  used  for  issue 
jjcix.      See  Citrus  aurantium. 

AURANTI3  CORTEX,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  I'loris  Aqna,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

A  I  RANTIUM,  Citrus  aurantium. 


AURELIANA   CANADENSIS       108 


AUTEMESIA 


AURELIANA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quin- 
quefoliura. 

AUREOLA.  Areola. 

AURI  CHLORETUM  CUM  CHLORETO 
NATRII,  see  Gokl — a.  Chloricluui,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Chloretum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Cyanidum, 
see  Gold — a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Gold — a.  Iodidum, 
see  Gold  —  a.  Iodr.retum,  see  Gold  —  a.  et  Natri 
chlora  return,  see  Gold — a.  Marias,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Nitro-murias.  see  Gold  —  a.  Oxidnm,  see 
Gold  —  a.  Terchloridum,  see  Gold  —  a.  Tercyani- 
dum,  see  Gold — a.  Teroxidum,  see  Gold. 

AURICHALCUM.  Brass. 

AURICLE,  Auric'ula,  (F.)  Auricule,  Oricule. 
Diminutive  of  nun's,  an  ear.  The  pavilion  of 
the  ear.     See  Pavilion. 

Auricles  of  the  Heart,  Auric'ulcE,  A'tria, 
Cavita'tes  innomina'tce,  (F.)  Oreillettcs,  are  two 
cavities,  one  right,  the  other  left,  each  communi- 
cating with  the  ventricle  of  its  side.  These  two 
cavities  receive  the  blood  from  every  part  of  the 
body.  Into  the  right  auricle,  the  two  venae  cavae 
and  coronary  vein  open  :  into  the  left,  the  four 
pulmonary  veins.  Chaussier  calls  the  former  the 
Sinus  of  the  VencB  Cava1.:  —  the  latter,  the  Sinus 
of  the  Pulmonary  Veins.  The  foliated  or  dog's 
ear  portion  of  each  auricle  is  called  Appen'dix 
auric' uIcb.     See  Sinus. 

Auricula  Jud.e,  Peziza  auricula  —  a.  Muris, 
Hieracium  Pilosella — a.  Muris  major,  Hieracium 
murorum. 

A  URICULAIRE,  Auricular,  see  Digitus  —  a. 
Posterieur,  Retrahens  auris — a.Superieur,  Attol- 
lens  aurem. 

AURICULAR,  Auricula'ria,  Oric'vlar,  (F.) 
Anricnlaire,  from  auricula,  'the  ear.'  That 
which  belongs  to  the  ear,  especially  to  the  ex- 
ternal ear. 

AURIC'ULAR     Ar'tERIES     AND     VEINS,     OriCU- 

laires — (Ch.),  are  divided  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. The  anterior  are  of  indeterminate  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  temporal  artery,  and 
are  distributed  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  to  the  pavilion  of  the  ear.  The  posterior 
auricular  is  given  off  by  the  external  carotid, 
from  which  it  separates  in  the  substance  of  the 
parotid  gland.  When  it  reaches  the  inferior  part 
of  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  it  bifurcates;  one  of  its 
branches  being  distributed  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  pavilion,  the  other  passing  over  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  being  distributed  to  the  tempo- 
ral and  posterior  auris  muscles,  &c.  Before  its 
bifurcation  it  gives  off  the  stylo-mastoid  artery. 
The  Anterior  and  Posterior  Auricular  Veins  open 
into  the  temporal  and  external  jugular. 

Auricular  Finger,  (F.)  Doiyt  aurieuktire,  is 
the  little  finger,  so  called  because,  owing  to  its 
size,  it  can  be  more  readily  introduced  into  the 
meatus  auditorius. 

Auricular  Nerves  are  several.  1.  The  au- 
ricular branch,  Zygomato-auricular,  is  one  of 
the  ascending  branches  of  the  cervical  plexus. 
It  ramifies  and  spreads  over  the  two  surfaces  of 
the  pavilion.  2.  The  auricular  or  superficial 
temporal,  Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.),  is  given  off 
from  the  inferior  maxillary.  It  ascends  between 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw  and  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  sends  numerous  filaments  to  the  meatus 
and  pavilion,  and  divides  into  two  twigs,  which 
accompany  the  branches  of  the  temporal  artery, 
and  are  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the 
head.  There  is  also  a  posterior  auricular  fur- 
nished bv  the  facial. 

AURICULARIA  SAMBUCI,  Peziza  auricula. 

AURICULARIS  ANTERIOR,  Anterior  auris 
— a.  Superior,  Attollens  aurem. 

AURWCLE.  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR,  A'trio-ven- 
tric'ular,    A'trio-ventricula'  ris,    Auric' ulo-ventri- 


cula'ri8,  (F.)Auriculo-ventriculaire.     That  which 
belongs  to  the  auricles  and  ventricles  of  the  heart. 

I  The    communications  between   the  auricles  and 
ventricles  are  so  called.     The  Tricuspid  and  Jli- 

',  tral  Valves  are  auriculo-ventricular  valves. 

AURI'GA.  A  species  of  bandage  for  the  ribs, 
described  by  Galen.     See,  also,  Liver. 

AURIGO,  Icterus  —  a.  Neophytorum,  Icterus 
Infantum. 

AURIPIGMENTUM,  Orpiment— a.  Rubrum, 
Realgar. 

AURIS.  Ear. 

AURISCALPIUM,  Earpick. 

AURISCOP'IUM.  Au'riscojje,  from  auris,  'the 
ear,'  and  oKonew,  'I  view.'  An  instrument  for 
exploring  the  ear. 

AURIST,  Otia'ter,  Otia'trus,  Par-doctor,  Ear- 
surgeon;  from  auris,  'the  ear.'  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  chiefly  with  the  diseases  of  the  ear 
and  their  treatment. 

AURIUaI  FLUCTUATIO,  Bombus  — a.  Mar- 
morata,  Cerumen — a.  Sibilus,  Bombus — a.  Soni- 
tus,  Bombus — a.  Sordes,  Cerumen — a.  Susurrus, 
Bombus. 

A  UROXE,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  des 
Champs,  Artemisia  campestris  —  a.  des  Jardins, 
Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  Male,  Artemisia  abro- 
tanum. 

AURUGO,  Icterus. 

AURUM,  Gold  — a.  Chloratum,  Gold,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Chloratum  natronatum,  see  Gold — a. 
Foliatum,  Gold  leaf — a.  in  Libellis,  Gold  leaf — a. 
Leprosum,  Antimonium  —  a.  Limatum,  see  Gold 
— a.  Muriaticum,  see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum  natro- 
natum, see  Gold. 

Aurum  MCSI'VUV,  Aurum  J/osa'icum,  Sulph'- 
uret  of  Tin,  Deutosulphuret  or  Persuljjhuret  of 
tin.  (Quicksilver,  tin,  sulphur,  sal  ammoniac, 
aa,  equal  parts.  The  tin  being  first  melted,  the 
quicksilver  is  poured  into  it,  and  then  the  whole 
are  ground  together,  and  sublimed  in  a  bolthead. 
The  aurum  musivum  lies  at  the  bottom.)  It  is 
used  in  some  empirical  preparations. 

Auruji  Oxydatum,  see  Gold — a.  Oxydulatum 
|  muriaticum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Nitro-muriati- 
;  cum,  see  Gold — a.  Salitum,  Gold,  muriate  of. 

AUS'CULTATE,  from  auscultare,  'to  listen.' 
|  To  practise  auscultation.  'To  auscult'  is  at  times 
j  used  with  the  same  signification. 

AUSCULTATION,  Ausculta'tio,  Echos'cope, 
I  act  of  listening.  Buisson  has  used  it  synony- 
!  mously  with  listening.  Laennec  introduced  aus- 
cultation to  appreciate  the  different  sounds  which 
can  be  heard  in  the  chest,  and  in  the  diagnosis 
j  of  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs,  &c.  This  may 
i  be  done  by  the  aid  of  an  instrument  called  a  ste- 
I  thoscope,  one  extremity  of  which  is  applied  to  the 
ear,  the  other  to  the  chest  of  the  patient.  This 
j  mode  of  examination  is  called  Mediate  Ausculta- 
tion, (F.)  Auscultation  mediate, — the  application 
of  the  ear  to  the  chest  being  immediate  ausculta- 
tion. 

The  act  of  exploring  the  chest  is  called  Stetho- 

II  scop'ia,  and    Thoracoscop'ia ;    of   the  abdomen, 
.   Abdominoscop'ia. 

AUSCULTATORY,  Auscultato'rius  ;  Axis' cul- 
\\  tory,  Auscul'tic,  (with  some.)  Belonging  or  hav- 
|  ing  relation  to  auscultation. 

Auscultatory  Percussion,  see  Acouophonia. 

AUSTERE',  Auste'rus.  Substances  which  pro- 
duce a  high  degree  of  acerb  impression  on  the 
organs  of  taste. 

If  CSTR  UCHE,  Imperatoria. 

AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial, 
Pleurodynia — a.  Pruriginosa,  Itching — a.  Vertigo, 
Vertigo. 

AUTARCI'A,  from  avros,  'himself,' and  apictu), 
'I  am  satisfied.'     Moral  tranquillity. — Galen. 

AUTEMESTA,  from  avros,  'self,'  and  t/uo-ij, 


AUTEMPRESMUS 


109 


AY  EN  A 


'  vomiting.'    Spontaneous  or  idiopathic  vomiting. 
—Alii 

AUTEMPRESMUS,  Combustion,  human. 

AUTHE'MERON.  A  medioine  which  cures 
on  the  day  of  its  exhibition j  from  avros,  'the 
Btme,1  and  '>>/<cpa,  '  day.1 

AUTHY61  ^NSIS,  Via  medicatrix  natnrm. 
.  I  m  HIR,  An/nc/ii'riii,  SuieCda,  from  uutoj, 
'himself,' and  \uo.  'hand.     One  who  lias  com- 
mitted suicide.     A  self-murderer  or  suicide. 
POCHIRIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOCINE'SIS,    Mohu    volunta'rrut,    from 
'self,'  and  niveau,  'motion.'     Voluntary 
motion. 

A  I'TOC'R  A  S  Y,  Autoerati'a,  Autoerato'ria, 
from  avros,  'himself,'  and  Kfatros,  '  strength.'  Iu- 
dependent  force.  Action  of  the  vital  principle, 
or  of  the  instinctive  powers,  towards  the  preser- 
vation of  the  individual.  See  Vis  Medicatrix 
Naturae.     Also,  the  vital  principle. 

AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Vis  Medicatrix 
Natni 

Al'TOCRATORIA,  Autocrasy— a.  Physiatrice, 
Vis  medicatrix  natures. 

AUTOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOG"ENOUS,  from  ovtos,  'self/  and  ytv- 
NW,  '  I  generate.'  A  term  applied  by  Mr.  Owen 
to  parts  or  elements  that  are  usually  developed 
from  distinct  and  independent  centres;  as  in  the 
case  of  the  different  parts  or  elements  that  form 
a  vertebra. 

AUTOGONIA,  Generation,  equivocal. 

AUTOLITHOT'OMUS,  from  eeroy,  'himself,' 
Xc3oj,  "a  stone.'  and  repvetv,  'to  cut.'  One  who 
operates  upon  himself  for  the  stone. 

AUTOMATIC,  Automafieus,  Autom'atus,  (F.) 
Automatique,  from  avrofiaroi, '  spontaneous.'  That 
which  acts  of  itself.  Those  movements  are  called 
automatic  which  are  executed  without  volition  : — 
involuntary  motions,  motua  automat' id  seu  an- 
tom'ati  sen  involunta'rii. 

AUTOMNAL,  Autumnal. 

AUTONOM'IA,  Vis  medica'trix  natu'ra.  The 
word  Autonomic  is  occasionally  employed  by  the 
French  and  Germans  for  the  peculiar  mechanism 
of  an  organized  body.  Thus,  although  indivi- 
duals of  the  same  species  may  differ  in  outward 
conformation,  their  mechanism  or  instinctive 
lutonamia)  may  be  the  same. 

AUTONYCTORATIA,  Somnambulism. 

AUTOPEP'SIA,  from  avroi,  'self/  and  irtrru), 
'I  concoct.'  Self-digestion, — as  of  the  stomach 
after  death. 

AUTOPHIA,  Autopsia, 

Al'  rOPrPONY,  Amtopho'nia,  (F '.)  Autnjyhome, 
Retentissement  antophonique,  from  avroi,  'self/ 
and  (f>(j)vfi,  'voice.'  An  auscultatory  sign  pointed 
out  by  M.  Hourmann,  which  consists  in  noting 
the  character  of  the  observer's  own  voice,  while 
he  speaks  with  his  head  placed  close  to  the  pa- 
tient's sheet  The  voice,  it  is  alleged,  will  be 
modified  by  the  condition  of  the  subjacent  organs. 
The  resonance,  thus  heard,  he  terms  retentisee- 
1,11  nt  autophoniqtte.  This  diagnostic  agency  Dr. 
R.  G.  Latham  proposes  to  term,  heautophon' tea. 

AUTOPHONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOPHOSPpORUS,  Phosphorus. 

AUTOPLASTIC.  Autoplaa'ticm,  from  auro?, 
'self/  and  tXeoruos,  *  formative.'  Relating  to 
an  topi  as  ty  or  plastic  sur 

AUTOPLASTICE,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOPLA8TY,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOP'SIA,  Au'topau,  from  avros,  'himself/ 
anil  o^<(,  'vision.'  Autoph'ia,  Autoscop'ia.  In- 
spection; examination  by  one's  self;  Belf-inspec- 
tion.     Often  improperly  used  for  the  following: 

AUTOP'SIA  Cadaveh'ica,  i  I".  i  Autopgie  on  Ou- 
tttrture  cadavirique.  Attentive  examination  after 
death, — Examination  pout  mortem,  Sectio  Vadav' - 


errs,    Dissection,  Xcc'roscojn/.   Xn', 

"inj/ in,   Necrop'tia,  Necrop'rit,  —  pi 

the  purpose  of  investigating  the  onuses  and  >e.a 

of  an  affection  of  which  a  person  may  have 
died,  ifec. 

Al    lor'SIA  CADAVEn'lCA    LkOa'i.IS,    S.<'tio    SOU 

Obdue'tio  lega'li*,  is  the  examination  alter  death 
for  medico-legs]  purposes. 

Al  TOPYROS,  Svncomistos. 

AUTOSCOPIA,  Autopsia, 

AU'TOSITE,  from  avros,  'self/  and  oitos, 
'nourishment.'     A  single   monster,  capable  of 

deriving  nourishment  from  its  own  proper  or- 
gans, in  contradistinction  to  Omphalosite. 
AUTOTHERAPIA,  Vis  medicatrix  natune. 
AUTUMN,  Autum'nue,  Anctum'nv*,  from  au- 
ge  re,  auction,  'to  increase'  [?j,  Phthiropu'ron,  (F.) 
Automne.  One  of  the  seasons  of  the  year,  betw  een 
the  23d  of  September  and  the  21st  of  December. 
In  all  climates,  the  Autumn  or  Fall  is  liable  to 
di.-ease :  a  combination  of  local  and  atmospheric 
causes  being  then  present,  favourable  to  its  pro- 
duction. 

A I  TUM'NAL,  Autumn  a' lit,  (F.)  AutomnaL 
Relating  to  Autumn;  as  Autumnal  Fruit*,  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  &c. 

Autumnal  Petbb  generally  assumes  a  bilious 
aspect.  Those  of  the  intermittent  kind  are  much 
more  obstinate  than  when  they  appear  in  the 
spring. 

AUXESIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AUXIL'IARY,    Anxilia'ria,    from    auo, 
'aid.'     (F.)  Auxiliaire.     That  which  assists,  or 
from  which  assistance  is  obtained. 

Arxn.iARY  Medicine  is  one  which  assists  the 
principal  medicine  or  basis.  It  is  synonymous 
with  Adjuvant. 

Auxiliary  Muscles  are  those  which  concur 
in  the  same  movement.  Some  anatomists  have 
applied  the  term  to  several  ligament.-,  as  well  as 
to  the  fleshy  fibres,  which  hang  from  the  aacro- 
spinalis  muscle. 

AUXILIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament. 

AUXIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AVA,  Arva,  Kara.  An  intoxicating  riareotic 
drink,  made  by  chewing  the  Piper  metbistioum. 
It  is  much  used  by  the  Polynesians. 

AVA  I  L  LPS,  WATERS  OF.  A  small  village 
in  France.  13  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of  Poitiers,  nt 
which  there  is  a  cold  saline  chalybeate.  It 
contains  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  sul- 
phate and  subcarbonate  of  soda,  in> 

AVANT-BOUCHE  (F.),  Oa  anti'cum.  This 
name  has  been  applied  by  some  to  the  mouth, 
properly  SO  called  —  in  contradistinction  to  the 
Arriin:  bouche  or  Pharynx. 

A  VANT-BRAS,  Fore-arm. 

.1  VANT-GCEUR,  Scrobieulus  cordis. 

AVANT-QOUT  (F.),  Pragutta'tio.  A  fore- 
taste  :  prsegustation. 

AVANT-MAIN  (F.),  Adver'sa  Manut.  The 
inside  of  the  hand,  when  extended. 

A  VANT-PIED  (F.).  The  most  advanced  part 
of  the  foot. 

.1  VART-POIQNET  (F.).  The  anterior  part 
of  the  wrist. 

A  VELINE,  Corylus  avellana,  (nut.) 

AVELLANA,  Corylus  avellana — a.  Cathartics, 
Jatropha  ourcas. 

AVE'NA,  Bromoa,  Oats,  (Prow,  North  of  Eng- 
land) Aits.     The  seeds  of  Ave'nn  sati'm. 
QraminesB.     Sex.  Syat.  Triandria  Digynia.     (F.) 
Af',iii>-.      Oats  are  ased  BS  food    for   man   n 

parts,  particularly  in  the  North  of  England  and 
Scotland.  When  deprived  of  the  busks, 
form  Croats.  Reduced  to  meal — Arena  Fari'na, 
Oatmeal,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  they  are  applied  as  cata- 
plasms to  promote  suppuration.  The  dry  meal 
is  sprinkled  over  erysipelatous  parts. 


AYENJE   FARINA 


110 


AXOID  O-A  TLOIDIEN 


Oatmeal  gruel,  Water  gruel,  is  prepared  as  fol- 
lows : —  Take  of  oatmeal,  ~jij  :  soft  water,  Oiss. 
Rub  the  meal  in  a  basin,  with  the  back  of  a  spoon, 
in  a  moderate  quantity  of  the  water,  pouring  off 
the  fluid  after  the  grosser  particles  have  subsided, 
but  whilst  the  mUkiness  continues;  and  repeat 
the  operation  until  no  more  milkiness  is  commu- 
nicated to  the  water.  Put  the  washings  in  a  pan, 
after  having  stirred  them  well,  in  order  to  sus- 
pend any  fecula  which  may  have  subsided;  and 
boil  until  a.  soft,  thick  mucilage  is  formed. 

It  is  a  good  demulcent,  and  is  used  also  as  a 
vehicle  for  clysters. 

Avena  Excorticata,  Groats. 

AVENiE  FARINA,  see  Avena. 

AVENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avenheim  is  three  leagues  from  Strasburg:  near 
it  is  an  aperient  mineral  water. 

AVENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avennes  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  He- 
rault,  in  France :  near  it  is  a  saline  spring,  the 
temperature  of  which  rises  to  84°  Fahrenheit. 

AVENS,  COMMON,  Geum  urbanum— a.  Pur- 
ple, Geum  rivale  —  a.  Water,  Geum  rivale  —  a. 
White,  Geum  Virginianum  —  a.  Yellow,  Geum 
urbanum. 

AVERICH,  Sulphur. 

AVERRHO'A  BILIWBT,  Bit im'bi,  Bilimbing 
teres.  Ord.  Oxalideas  :  called  after  Averrhoes. 
An  Indian  tree,  which  has  a  fruit  that  is  too  acid 
to  be  eaten  alone.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment, 
and  in  the  form  of  syrup  as  a  refrigerant. 

Averrho'a  Caraji'bola,  Malum  Coen'se,  Pru- 
ftttin  stella' turn,  Tam'ara,  Conga,  Caram'bolo. 
An  Indian  tree,  whose  fruits  are  agreeably  acid. 
The  bark,  bruised,  is  employed  as  a  cataplasm, 
and  its  fruit  is  used  as  a  refrigerant  in  bilious 
fever  and  dysentery. 

AVER'SION,  Aver'sio,  Apot'rope,  from  aver- 
tere,  (a  and  vertere,)  'to  turn  from.'  Extreme 
repugnance  for  anything  whatever. 

A  VERSION  (F.)  also  means,  in  therapeutics, 
the  action  of  medicines  which  turn  the  afflux  of 
fluids  from  one  organ,  and  direct  them  toothers; 
being  synonymous  with  counter-irritation,  or 
rather,  revulsion  or  derivation. 

AVERTIN  (F.).  A  disease  of  the  mind, 
which,  according  to  Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa- 
tient obstinate  and  furious. 

AVEUGLE,  CcBcus. 

AVEUGLEMEXT,  Ceeeitas  —  a.  de  Jour, 
Nyctalopia — a.  de  Nuit,  Hemeralopia. 

AVICEN'NIA  TOMENTO'SA,  A.  Africa'na 
seu  resinif  era  seu  nit'ida,  Bon'tia  ger'minans  : 
called  after  Avicenna.  Ord.  Verbenacete.  The 
plant  which  affords  the  Jfalac'ca  Bean  or  Ana- 
car'dium  Orienta'le  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  Seme- 
ear'pus  Anacar' dium.  The  oil  drawn  from  the 
bark  of  the  fruit  is  a  corrosive  and  active  vesica- 
torv,  but  it  is  not  used. 

AVICULA  CIPRIA,  Pastil— a.  Margaritifera, 
see  Pearl. 

AVOIN,  Avena, 

AVON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Avon 
Springs  are  in  the  State  of  New  York,  on  the 
eastern  branch  of  the  Genesee  river,  18  miles 
from  Rochester.  There  are  three  sulphureo-saline 
and  one  iodine  spring.  They  are  applicable  to 
the  same  set  of  onses  as  the  Sharon  Springs. 

AVORTEMEXT,  Abortion— a.  Provoque,  see 
Parturition. 

AVORTER,  to  Abort. 

AVORTfX,  Abortion. 

AVORTOX,  Abortion. 

AVCLSIO,  Arrachement. 

AVULSION,  Evulsion. 

AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ax  is  a 
small  town  in  the  department  of  Arriege,  France; 
where  there  are  several  sulphurous  springs,  the 


temperature  of  which  varies  from  77°  to  162°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

AXE,  Axis— or.  de  V  CEil,  Axis  of  the  eye. 

A  X'E  A  C  0  M  M I S  S  U  '  R  A,  Trochoi'des.  A 
pivot-joint.     See  Trochoid. 

Axen    Kb'rper,  Corpuseula  tachls. 

AXES,  Intermittent,  Paroxysm. 

AXILE  BODIES,  Corpuseula  taetus. 

AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Ascel'la,  Ansel' la,  Ascil'la, 
Acel'la,  Cordis  emuncto'  rium,  Male,  Hypo' mi  a, 
Fo'vea  axilla'ris,  Mas'chale,  Mas'ehalis,  (Sc.  and 
Prov.)  Oxtar,  Oxter,  (F.)  Aisselle.  The  cavity 
beneath  the  junction  of  the  arm  with  the  shoulder; 
the  armpit;  (F.)  Crcuxdel'Aisselte.  It  is  bounded, 
anteriorly,  by  a  portion  of  the  pectoralis  major  ; 
posteriorly,  by  the  latissimus  dorsi.  It  is  covered 
with  hair,  contains  much  areolar  membrane,  lym- 
phatic ganglions,  important  vessels  and  nerves, 
and  numerous  sebaceous  follicles,  furnishing  an 
odorous  secretion.  In  consequence  of  such  secre- 
tion, the  ancients  called  it  emuncto' rium  cordis. 

AX'ILLARY,  Mascholice'us,  (F.)  Axillaire, 
from  axilla,  '  the  armpit.'  Belonging  to  the 
armpit. 

Axillary  Artery,  Arte'ria  axilla' ris ;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  subclavian,  extending  from  the 
passage  of  the  latter  between  the  scaleni  muscles 
as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis  major, 
when  it  takes  the  name  of  Brachial. 

Axillary  GLAxnsare  lymphatic  glands  seated 
in  the  armpit;  into  which  the  lymphatic  glands 
of  the  upper  extremity  open. 

Axillary  Nerve,  Cir'cumflex  X.,  Scap'ulo- 
hu'meral  (Cn.),  Xerf circonfexe,  Artic'ular  nerve: 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  brachial 
plexus,  particularly  from  the  last  two  cervical 
pairs  and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  chiefly  distri- 
buted to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  deltoid. 

Axillary  Vein,  Vena  Axilla'ris,  Vena  Snba- 
la'ris.  This  vein  corresponds  with  the  artery: 
anterior  to  which  it  is  situate.  It  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  brachial  veins  ;  and,  at  its  termina- 
tion, assumes  the  name  Subclavian. 

AXINE,  Ascia. 

AXIRNACH.  An  Arabic  word,  used  by  Al- 
bucasis  to  designate  a  fatty  tumour  of  the  upper 
eyelid,  observed  particularly  in  children. 

AXIS,  Axon,  (F.)  Axe.  A  right  line  which 
passes  through  the  centre  of  a  body. 

Axis,  Cerebro-Spixal,  see  Encephalon  —  a. 
of  the  Cochlea,  Modiolus — a,  Cranio-Spinal,  see 
Encephalon  —  a.  Cylinder  of  Nerve,  see  Nerve 
fibre  —  a.  Coeliac,  Cceliac  artery. 

Axis  of  the  Eye,  (F.)  Axe  de  Vceil,  called 
also,  Vis'ual  Axis  and  Optic  Axis,  is  a  right  line, 
which  falls  perpendicularly  on  the  eye,  and  passes 
through  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

Axis,  Haemal,  Aorta  —  a.  Neural,  see  Ence- 
phalon. 

Axis,  is  also  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck, 
Axon,  Epistrojjh'eus,  Epis'trophus,  Jfaschalister  : 
Ver'tebra  Denta'ta,  (F.)  Essieu.  So  called,  be- 
cause it  forms  a  kind  of  axis  on  which  the  head 
moves.  Chaussier  calls  it  Axo'ide,  from  ufwv, 
'axis,'  and  uhog,  'shape.' 

AXLE  TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 

AXOIDE,  Axis — a.  Occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
posticus  major. 

AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS.  What  refers  to  both 
the  axis  and  atlas,  a?Axoido-otloidean  articulation. 

The  lesions  of  the  Axoido-atloidean,  are,  1. 
Fracture  of  the  Proces'sus  Denta'tus.  2.  Rupture 
of  the  odontoid  ligament,  and  consequently  pas- 
sage and  pressure  of  the  process  behind  the  trans- 
verse ligament :  and,  3.  The  simultaneous  rupturo 
of  the  odontoid  and  transverse  ligaments.  These 
different  accidents  are  fatal. 

AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEX,  Obliquus  inferior 
capitis. 


AXON 


11  1 


B  A  CCII I A 


AXON,  Axis. 

AXONOE,  Adeps  prasparataa. 

AX l  NGE,  Adeps  prssparatua. 

AX1  X<;IA.  Pinguedo-— a.  Gadi,  Oleum  Jeeoris 
Atelli  —  a.  de  Momia,  Marrow  —  a.  Artibularia, 
Synovia — a.  Piscina  Marina,  <  Ileum  Jeeoris  Aselli 
— a.  Poreina,  Adeps  prmparatus. 

A  V  I'X  I  A,  Insomnia. 

AZALEA    PROCUMBBN8,   Loiseleuria  pro- 

OQOlbeDI. 

AZ  \KXKT.  Orpiment 
AZAKI  \i.  Asarum — a.  Cabaret,  Aearum. 
AZEDARACH,  Metis  Asedarmeh. 
AZED  \K  \<li  A  AMCENA,  Melia  Asedaraen. 
AZO'IC,  Aso'ieut,  same  etymon  as  Azote.    De- 
life.     The  u Azoic  /»  n* 
is  that  hefore  any  living  being  appeared. 

AZOODYNA'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  fan.  'life.* 
;i  , 'strength.'     Privation  or  diminution 

of  the  vital  powers. 

RES,    CLIMATE   OF.     The 
\  a  [glands  are  said  to  afford  one  of  the  best 

is  of  a  mild,  humid,  equable  climate,   to 

•  with  in  the  northern  hemisphere.  It  is 
slightly  colder  and  moister  than  that  of  Madeira, 
but  even  more  equable.  Sir. Tames  (Mark  thinks, 
that  a  change  from  the  Azores  to  Madeira,  and 
thence  to  Teneriffe — one  of  the  Canaries — would 
prove  more  beneficial  to  the  phthisical  valetudi- 
narian than  a  residence  during  the  whole  winter 
in  any  one  of  those  islands. 

AZOTAS  BYDRARGYRICUS  LIQUIDUS, 
eeo  Hydrargyri  nitras — a.  Hydrargyroso — ammo- 
nicus,    see    Hydrargyri   oxydum    oinereum —  a. 

Hydrargyrosus,  Hydrargri  nitras — a.  Potassiums, 

OTATE,    Nitrate  —  a.    0? Argent,     .'• 
nitras — ud*     "  Hydrargyri   nitras — a.  de 

Mercure  et  d! amnion iaque,  Bee  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum oinereum  —  a.  de  Plomb,  Pluinbi  nitras  —  a. 
(/.   Potatti .  Potasses  nitras. 

A'ZOI  E,  Azo't  a  hi,  from  a.  priv..  and  £w»7,  'life.' 
azo'tieum,     Nitro- 
gen'ium,  Septon,  (F.)   Azote,  Nitrog&ne,   Mofettef 
Air  gal  _i~  which  is  unlit  tor  re- 

spiration.     It    is    not    positively   deleterious,   but 

•  fatal  owing  to  the  want  of  oxygen.  It  is 
one  of  th<-  constituents  of  atmospheric  air,  and  a 

_  lishing  principle  of  animals.  Vegetables 
have  if   nol   generally  diffused,  whilst  it  is  met 

•1  most   animal   substances.     It  has  been 

variously  called,  pklogittie  air,  vitiated  air,  <tc.  ; 

has   been  looked  upon  as   Bedative,  and  recom- 

1  to  be  respired,  when  properly  diluted,  in 

diseases  of  the  che;t. 


Azote,  Photoxihk  or.  Nitrogen,  gaseous  ox. 
ide  of. 

AZO  TB,  Nitrogenised. 

AZOTBD,  Nitrogenised. 

AZOTENLSES,  from  asofe,  and  noos,  'die- 

by  the 
predominance  ofaiote  in  the  body. —  BaUl 
I  [0  ACID,  Nitric  acid. 

AZOTIZED.  Nitrogeniied. 

AZ<'TI  RIA,  see  I  .inc. 

AZTEC  CHILDREN,  see  N 

AZ1  i:.  Coral,  Smalt. 

AZ1  KM  M.  A  compound  of  two  parts  of 
mercury,  one-third  of  sulphur,  and  one-tout  ih  of 
sal  ammoniac, — Albertus  .Magnus. 

AZ'YGES,  Aa'ygoe,  Az'ygout,  tine  part,  from 
a,  jiriv.,  and  £»y*f,  'equal.'  Unequal.  The 
Bpkenoid  bone,  because  it  has  no  fellow. 

ttrum  tphenoida'lS, 
projecting  from  under  the  middle  and  forepart 
of  this  bone. 

AZYOOS  GANGLION,  see  Trisplanchnio 
Nerve. 

AZYGOUS  ARTICULAR  ARTERY,  iee  Ar- 
ticular arteries  of  the  skull. 

AZVGOI  s  Must  L.B,Azygot  1''rul<r.  is  the  small 
muscle  which  occupies  the  substance  of  tin.-  uvula. 
—  Morgagni.  The  name  i.-.  however,  inappro- 
priate, a-  there  are  two  distinct  fasciculi.  |  I 
along-side  each  other,  forming  the  Pal'ato-eta- 
phyli'ni,  Staphyli'ni  or  Epittapkyli'ni  muscles, 
Staphyli'ni  me'dii  of  Winslow. 

>l  s     Pjmx  Bgs,    o»     1  iif.    Sphenoid,   seo 

A'/Vges. 

Azvoors  Vfix,  Vena  Azygot,  Veine  Prelombo- 
thoracique — (Ch.),  Vena  tine  j><ni.  Vena  pari 
arena,  (F.)  Veine  tans  Pa  ire.  This  vein 
called  by  Galen.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  1'.  ruin  inferior  and  V.  eava  tuperior, 
permitting  the  blood  to  pass  freely  between  the 
two.  It  rises  from  the  vena  cava  inferior,  or 
from  one  of  the  lumbar  or  renal  veins.  1 
through  the  diaphragm,  ascends  along  the  spine 
to  the  right  of  the  aorta  and  thoracic  duct,  and 
opens  into  the  V.  cava  superior,  where  it  pene- 
trates the  pericardium.  On  the  left  side,  the 
sk.mi- Az'YGOS,  Left  bron'chial  or  left  tuperior  in- 
tereot'tal  vein,  Vona  demi-azygot,  V.hemi-i 
Veine  petite  pre"  lombo-thoraciqut — (Cb.),  presents, 
in  miniature,  nearly  the  Berne  arrangement. 

AZYMIA  HUMORUM,  Crudity  of  the  hu- 
mours. 

AZ'YMUS,    from  a,  priv.,  and  ^u/117,  cl< 
Azymous  bread  is  unfermented,  unleavened  bread. 

ii      AZZLE-TEETII,  Molar  teeth. 


B. 


BABEURRE,  Puttermilk. 
B  \BILLEMEMT,  Loquacity. 
BABUZIC  \K!  US,  Incubus. 

B  IC'ARIS,  Bach'arit.  A  nnme  given  by  the 
ancients  to  an  ointment,  described  by  Galen 
under  the  name  Ointment  of  Lydiau  It  was 
sometii  the  womb. — 

Hippocrates. 

BACC.fi  BERMUDENSES,  Bapindua  snpo- 
nnria — b.  sen  Grana  actes,  see  Bambucus  ebulus 
— b.  Jujuhip,  Jujube — b.  Myrtillorum,  see  Vacci- 
nium  myrtillus  —  b.  NorlandicSBj  Rubui  arcticus 


— b.  Piporis  Clabri.  see  Piper  Oubeba — b,  Pisca- 
torisB,  Bee  Menispermum  cocculus  —  b.  Zi 
see  Jujnbe. 

BACCAR,    Bae'earu,    Batfeharit.      An    herb 
need  bj  i;  •■  ancients  in  their  garlands,  to 
enchantment.     Perhaps,  the  Digitalit  purpurea. 
Some  authors   have   erroneously  thought   it  to  ho 

■rum. 

BACCH  LRI8,  Baeear. 

I'.  \<  V11  mis  j  1  m  1  mi  to' 1.1  \,  Oroundtt  I  tret  ;  Or- 
</•  v,  Composites  j  indigenous;  it  nsed  a  ■  :i  demul- 
allay  cough,  in  the  form  of  deco<  I 
BACCHI' A,  from  Baechu*,  ' the  god  ol  wine*' 


BACCHIC  A 


112 


BALANORRHAGIA 


A  name  applied  to  the  red  or  pimpled  face  of  the 
drunkard.     See  Gutta  rosea. 

BACCHICA,  Hedera  helix. 

BACCIV'OROCS,  Bacciv'orus,  (F.)  Baccivorc, 
from  bacca,  'a  berry,' and  voro,  'I  devour.'  Liv- 
ing on  1  terries. 

BACHARIS,  Bacaris. 

BACHELOR'S  BUTTONS,  see  Strychnos  nux 
vomica. 

BACIIER'S  TONIC  PILLS,  Pilulge  ex  Helle- 
boro  et  Myrrh  a. 

BACILE,  Crithraum  maritimum. 

BACILLAR  LAYER  OF  THE  RETINA, 
Tunica  Jacobi. 

BACIL'LUM,  Bacillus,  Bac'ulus,  Bac' cuius  : 
* a  stick.'  This  name  has  been  applied  to  a  kind 
of  troch,  composed  of  expectorants,  and  having 
the  shape  of  a  stick.  Also,  a  suppository.  Baeil- 
lum  was  used  by  the  ancient  chemists  for  several 
instruments  of  iron. 

BACK,  Dorsum. 

BACK-ACH  ROOT,  Liatris. 

BACKBONE,  Vertebral  column. 

BACKSIDE.  Nates. 

BACKS PRENT,  Vertebral  column. 

BACKSTROKE  OF  THE  HEART,  Impulse, 
diastolic. 

BACOBOTRYS  PICTA,  Saoria. 

BACOVE.  Musa  sapientum. 

BACT YRILOBIUM  FISTULA,  Cassia  fistula. 

BACULUS,  Bacillum. 

BAD,  Sick. 

BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baden 
is  a  town  six  miles  from  Vienna.  Here  are  12 
springs,  containing  carbonates  of  lime  and  mag- 
neisa;  sulphates  of  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
soda;  and  chlorides  of  sodium  and  aluminum. 
The  water  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  skin,  rheu- 
matism, &c. 

There  are  two  other  towns  of  the  same  name ; 
one  in  Suabia,  and  the  other  in  Switzerland, 
about  12  miles  from  Zurich,  where  are  mineral 
springs.  The  waters  of  the  last  two  are  thermal 
sulphureous. 

BADEN-BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  thermal  springs,  situate  about  a  league 
from  the  high  road  to  Basle  and  Frankfort.  Their 
temperature  varies  from  130°  to  154°  Fahrenheit. 
Their  situation  is  beautiful,  and  they  are  much 
frequented. 

BADENWELLER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
B.  is  in  Baden,  about  a  league  to  the  westward 
of  Miillheim.  The  waters  are  thermal  (87°  of 
Fahr.),  and  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulpburet 
and  chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium. 

BADER,  Bather. 

BADIAGA.    A  kind  of  sponge,  sold  in  Russia, 
the  powder  of  which  is  said  to  take  away  the  livid 
marks  from  blows  and  bruises  in  a  few  hours. 
Its  nature  is  not  understood. 
BABTAXE,  Illiciuin  anisatum. 
BADJSIS,  Walking. 
BADLY,  Sick. 

BADUKKA.  Capparis  badukka. 
BAG,    DUSTING,    see    Dusting-bag  — b.   of 
Waters,  see  Liquor  Amnii. 
BAGEDIA,  Pound. 
BAGGIE,  Abdomen. 

BAGNERES-ADOUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bagneres-Adour  is  a  small  town  in  the  de- 
partment of  Hautes  Pyrenees,  having  a  great 
number  of  mineral  springs;  some,  cold  chaly- 
beates ;  others,  thermal  salines;  but  the  greatest 
part  sulphureous  and  warm. 

BAGNERE8  DU  LUCHON  is  a  small  town 
in  the  department  of  Haute  Garonne,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Spain.     It  has  been  for  a  long  time 


famous  for  its  numerous  sulphureous  springs, 
the  temperature  of  which  is  from  69°  to  148°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

BAG  NIGGE  WELLS.  A  saline  mineral  spring 
of  London,  resembling  the  Epsom. 

BAGNIO,   Baignoire. 

BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bagnoles  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Orne. 
The  water  resembles  that  of  Baqneres  de  Luchou. 

BAGNOLS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bag- 
nols  is  a  village,  two  leagues  from  Blende,  in  the 
departtnemt  of  Lozere.  The  waters  are  liydro- 
sulphurous  and  thermal :  109°  Fahrenheit. 

BAGOAS,  Castratus. 

BAGUEXAUBIER,  Colutea  arborescens. 

BAHA'MA  ISLANDS,  CLIMATE  OF.  The 
climate  of  the  Bahamas  is  not  considered  to  be 
well  adapted  for  consumptive  patients,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapid  alternations  of  temperature, 
and  the  prevalence  of  winds,  often  of  a  dry,  cold 
character.  Still,  the  phthisical  valetudinarians 
from  most  portions  of  the  United  States  might 
derive  advantage  from  a  residence  there  during 
the  winter  months.  The  accommodations  are 
not,  however,  good,  or  numerous. 

BAHEL,  Colum'nea  longi/o'lia.  A  labiated 
plant  of  Malabar,  whose  leaves,  bruised,  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  suppurating  tumours. 

Bahel  Schitlli,  Genista  spinosa  Indica. 

BAIGNEUR.  Bather. 

BAIGXOIBE,  (F.)  Bapfiste'rium,  a  Bathing 
tub,  Bagnio,  So' Hum,  Pisci'na.  The  vessel  or 
place  in  which  bathing  is  performed.  Baignoire 
oculaire,  an  eye-lath, — a  small  vessel  for  bathing 
the  eyes.     See  Scaphium  oculare. 

BAILEY'S  SPRING,  see  Alabama.  Mineral 
Waters  of. 

BAILLEMEXT,  Yawning. 

BAILLOX,  Speculum  oris.  ^ 

BAIX,  Bath  —  b.  Chaud,  Bath,  hot— b.  Elec- 
trique,  Bath,  electric,  see  Electricity  —  b.  Entier, 
Bath,  general — b.  de  Fauteuil,  Bath,  hip  —  b. 
Frais,  Bath,  tepid — b.  Froid,  Bath,  cold — b.  Hy- 
gienique,  see  Bath — b.  Marie,  Bath,  water  —  b. 
Medicinal,  Bath,  medicated  —  b.  de  Mer,  Bath, 
sea  —  b.  de  Pied,  Bath,  foot,  Pediluvium —  b.  de 
Sable,  Bath,  sand  —  b.  de  Siege,  Bath,  hip  —  b. 
Simple,  see  Bath  —  b.  Tempere,  Bath,  tepid,  B. 
Temperate  —  b.  de  Tete,  Bath,  head  —  b.  Tiedc, 
Bath,  tepid  —  b.  Tres  froid,  Bath,  cold  —  b.  de 
Vapeiir,  Bath,  vapour. 

BAINE,  Bath. 

BAINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
are  situated  at  Plombieres,  department  of  the 
Vosges.  They  are  said  to  be  saline  and  thermal 
by  some;  others  deny  them  any  medical  pro- 
perties. 

BAIRN.  Infans. 

BAIRNWORTS,  Bellis. 

BALAMPULLI.  Tamarindus. 

BALANCE,  AEROSTATIC,  Areometer. 

BAL'ANCEMKNT,  Compensation,  from  (F.) 
balance,  'a,  balance,'  itself  from  bis,  'twice.'  ami 
lanx,  'a  dish.'  A  law  of  teratogeny.  as  main- 
tained by  GeofFroy  St.  Hilaire,  by  which  exube- 
rance of  nutrition  in  one  organ  is  supposed  to 
involve,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  total  or 
partial  atrophy  of  some  other,  and  conversely. 

BALANDA.  Fa^us  Sylvatica. 

BALANEUM.  Bath. 

BALANISMUS,  Suppositorv. 

BALAXITE  COXTAGIEUSE,  see  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

BALANITIS,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

B  AL  AN  OB  LENN  OR  RHGEA,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium  Bulbocasta- 
num. 

BALANORRHAGIA,  see  Gonorrhoea. 


I5ALAX0HRII<EA 


113 


BALSAM 


BALANORRHCBA,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

B  LLANOS    PH03NICOS,  Date. 

BA'L  \  N  I  S,  iA.uus,  'glans,'  'an  acorn.'  The 
glans  penis.  Henee,  Balanoblennorrhae'a,  Blen- 
norrhea of  the  glans ;  and  Balani'tis,  [nflamma- 
timi  of  the  glans.  Suppositories  and  pessaries 
were  called  Bal'ani. 

Balaxos,  Qlans,  Suppository — b.  Myrepsioa, 
Quilandina  moringa. 

BALARUO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
larao  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  Herault, 
in  France.  The  waters  are  saline  and  thermal. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid]  carbonate  of  lime, 
earbonate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium,  cal- 
cium, and  magnesium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a 
little  iron.  They  are  considered  tonic,  and  are 
used.  Their,  temperature  is  about  11S° 
Fahrenheit. 

Balaruo  Water,  Factit"ioitsi  (F.)  Eau  de 
Balarue  ;  Aqua  Belliluca'na  is  made  of  simple 
acidulous  water  (containing  twice  its  bulk  of  car- 
bonic acid)  t'^.wss;  chloride  of  sodium,  glssj 
chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  xviij  :  chloride  of  mag- 
mesium,  gr.  hi:  carbonate  <>/'  magnesia,  gr.  j. 

BALA  rRO,  Bambalio. 

BALAl  STINE  FLOWERS,  see  Punica  gra- 
natum. 

B  ALB  IS,  3a\pi$.  'a  foundation.'  Any  oblong 
cavity. — Galen.  Hippocrates,  in  bis  treatise  on 
the  joints,  gives  the  name  Balbito'des  to  the  ole- 
cranon cavity  of  the  humerus. 

B  A  LBUS,  (F.)  Bigue.  One  habitually  affected 
with  Btammering.     A  stammerer. 

BAL  BU  TIEMENT,  Bulbuties. 

BALBU'TIES,  PeeUWmua,  PscVlotee,  Blce'- 
eitas,  Baryglos'sia,  Jj/jt/fi'lia,  MogiUx'lia,  Jseho- 
pho'nia,  Battaris'mus,  Bamba'lia,  Hasita'tio, 
Loque'la  1  •  <•'-".  Tituba'tio  Lingual,  (F.)  Balbu- 
tiement,  Bigaietnent,  Bigayement,  Stuttering, 
Stammering,  Hammering,  (Prov.)  Tutt'ering, 
St.  Vitus's  Donee  of  the  Voice,  (6c.)  Hab'bering, 
Hobbling.  Also,  vicious  and  incomplete  pronun- 
ciation, in  which  almost  all  the  consonants  are 
replaced  by  the  letters  B  aud  h;   Traulis'mus. 

BALCHUS,  Bdellium. 

B  \LI».  Atbrix. 

BALDMONEY,  .Ethusa  mourn. 

BALDNESS,  Alopecia,  Calvities— b.  Limited, 
Porrigo  decalvans — b.  Partial.  Porrigo  decalvans. 

BALLS'  \S.  Leviathan  penis. 

BALIMBA60,  Hibiscus  populous. 

BALINKATOR,  Bather. 

BALINEUM,  Bath. 

BALL,  Pila— b.  of  the  Eye,  Pupil. 

BALLISMUS,  Chorea. 

BALLISTA,  Astragalus. 

BALLOCK-GRASS,  Orchis  mascula. 

BALL  OX,  Receiver. 

BA  L  L  ONNEMENT,  Tympanites, 

BALLO'TA  Fffi'TIDA,  B.  vxdga'ris  sen  nigra, 
Jtdrru'bium  nigrum,  Black  Horehound,  Stinking 
11..  (F.)  Marrube  noir,  Ord.  Labiatss.  Sex. 
Syet.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant  is 
esteemed  to  be  antispasmodic,  resolvent,  and 
detersh 

Ballots  Lana'ta,  Leonvlrue  lana'tiu,  (F.) 
Ballote  cotonneuee.  A  plant  which  grows  in 
Siberia.  The  whole  plant,  with  the  exception  of 
the  root,  has  been  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
in  rheumatism  and  gout,  as  a  diuretic.  Tt  is 
usually  given  iu  decoction  (£sa  to  =jj  to  f.^viij 
of  watt 

BALLOTE  G0T0NNEU8E,  Ballota  lanata. 

BALLOTTEMENT,(B.)  Mouvcment  de  Bal- 
lottement,  Agita'tion,  Succtu'eion,  Repercue'eion, 
means  the  motion  impressed  on  the  foetus  in 
ntero,  by  alternately  pressing  the  uterus  by 
means  of  the  index  finger  of  one  hand  intro- 
duced into  the  vagina  j  the  other  hand  being 
8 


•  applied  on  the  abdomen.     It  is  one  of  the  least 
equivocal  signs  of  pregnancy. 

BALLS.  DEER,  Blaphomyoei  granulatus, 
BALLSTON  SPA.     This  village  is  situate  in 

Saratoga   County,  New  York.      The   spring   Sans 
Souoi    belongs   to   the   class   of  Acidulous    Chaly- 

It  contains   iodide- of  sodium.      There  Is 

also  a  Bulphur  Bpring. 

BALM,  Melissa  —  b.  Apple,  Momordiea  bnl- 
Bamina — b.  Bastard,  Melitie  Melissophyllum — b. 
of  Qilead,  Solomon's,  see  Tinctura  cardnmomi — 
b.  of  Qilead,  Poplar.  Populus  eandicans — b.  of 
Qilead  tree,  Drucooepbalum  Canariense — b.  In- 
dian, Trillium  latifolium — b.  Mountain.  Monarda 
COCcinea — b.  Bed,  Monarda  coecinea — b.  Scarlet 
rose.  Monarda  coecinea —  b.  Stinking.  Hedeoma. 

BALMONY,  Chelone  glabra, 

BALNEA  C03N0SA,  Boue  de«  eaux. 

BALNEARI1  M,  Hypoeaustum. 

BALNEA  BUS,  Bather. 

BALNEATOR,  Batl 

BALN  BOG'RAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from 
fiaXavtiov,  'a  bath,'  and  yp<i(p>i,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  baths. 

BALNEOL'OGY,  Balneolog"ia,  from  (3a\a- 
vaov,  'a  bath,'  and  hoyos,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  baths. 

LA  LNEOTIIERAPI'A,  from  QaXavtiop,  «a 
bath/  and  Oc^a-cia,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
disease  by  baths. 

BALNEUM,  Bath— b.  Acidum,  Bath,  acid  — 
b.  Alkaiinum,  Bath,  alkaline — b.  Animale,  Bath. 
animal  —  b.  Antipsoricum,  Bath,  antipsoric — b. 
Anti-sypbiliticum,  Bath,  antisyphilitic — b.  Are- 
D89,  Bath,  sand — b.  (lelatinosuin.  Bath,  gelatinous 
— b.  Maria'',  Bath,  water — b.  Marinum,  Bath,  sea 
— b.  Maris,  Bath,  water — b.  Medicatum,  Bath, 
medicated — b.  Sulphuris,  Bath,  Bulphur. 

BALSAM,  Bal'samum,  Bal'samus,  Bol'eson, 
Bel'eson,  (F.)  Bourne.  This  name  is  given  to 
natural  vegetable  substances,  concrete  or  liquid, 
but  very  odorous,  bitter,  and  piquant:  composed 
of  resin,  benzoic  acid,  and  sometimes  of  an  es- 
sential oil — which  allow  benzoic  aeid  to  be  dis- 
engaged by  the  action  of  heat:  readily  dissolved 
in  volatile  oil,  ab-ohol,  and  ether:  and,  when 
treated  with  alkalies,  afford  a  soluble  benzoate, 
and  throw  down  resin.  We  know  of  only  live 
balsams — those  of  Peru,  and  Tolu,  Benzoin,  solid 
Styrax  or  S  to  rax,  and  liquid  Sty  rax.  (See  those 
different  words.)  There  are.  however,  many  phar- 
maceutical preparations  and  resinous  substances, 
possessed  of  a  balsamic  smell,  to  which  the  name 
balsam  has  been  given  :  but  they  differ  essentially 
in  composition  and  properties:  hence  the  dis- 
tinction of  balsams  into  natural  and  artificial. 
The  natural  balsams  include  the  live  before  men- 
tioned; the  artificial  the  remainder. 

Balsam.  Acoi  s'tic.  Bal'samum  Aeons' ti cum, 
(F.)  Baume  acoustique.  A  mixture  of  fixed  and 
essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures  of  fetid 
gums.  Used  in  cases  of  atonic  dcati 
into  the  car.  The  acoustic  balsam  of  Dr.  Hugh 
Smith  is  made  by  mixing  three  drachms  of  ox- 
gall,  with  one  drachm  of  balsam  of  ! 

\  m.  Amebic  \n.  Bee  Mj  roxylon  Peruiferum 
— b.  Anodyne,  Bates's,  Ljnimentum  Baponis  M 
opii. 

BALSAM,  Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum  Apoplec'ti- 
cUm,  Bal'samus  Apnplec'ticus,  (F.)  Baume  Apo- 
plectiqve.  A  meduine  composed  of  several  />"/- 
mmiH  properly  so  called,  resins,  and  volatile  oils. 
It  is  of  a  stiff  consistence,  is  worn  in  ivory 
boxes  aboui  the  person,  and  is  stnelled  at  in 
headaches,  «tc. 

Balsam  Applm,  Momordiea  balsamina. 

B  LLfl  \m  'T  Arcos'i  ^,  Bal'samum 
guen'tum  El'emi,  (F.)  Baume  d'Arccetu.     A  soft 
ointment ;    sometimes  employed    in  wounds,  ul- 


BALSAM 


114 


BALSAM 


cers,  &c.  It  is  made  by  melting,  with  a  gentle 
heat,  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  of  lard,  one 
and  a  half  of  turpentine,  and  as  much  resin. 
Balsam,  Calab.v,  see  Fagara  oetandra. 
Balsam,  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b.  Ca- 
nary, Dracocephalum  Canariense —  b.  Capivi, 
Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Cakpa'thta,  B.  Carpa'ikian,  Bal'- 
samum Garpath'ieum,  (F.)  Baume  de  Cm-path ic. 
The  resin  of  the  Pinus  Cembra,  a  tree,  which 
grows  in  Switzerland,  Libya,  and  the  Krapac 
mountains  in  Hungary. 

Balsam,  Chaly'beate,  Bal'samum  Chalybea'- 
tttm,  (F.)  Btinme  d'acier  ou  d'aiguilles.  A  mix- 
ture of  nitrate  of  iron,  alcohol,  and  oil,  prepared 
by  dissolving  needles  in  nitric  acid.  It  was  for- 
merly employed  in  friction  in  pains  of  the 
joint?. 

Balsam.  Commander's,  Tinctura  benzoini  cora- 
posita — b.  for  Cuts,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 
Balsam,  Cor'dial,  of  Senn^r'tes,  Bal'samum 
Cordia'le  Senner'ti,  (F.)  Baume  eordiale  de  Sen- 
nert.  A  stimulant  medicine,  composed  of  the 
essential  oils  of  citron,  clovres,  and  cinnamon,  of 
musk,  and  ambergris.     Dose,  6  to  15  drops. 

Balsam  of  Fierabras.  A  celebrated  Spanish 
vulnerary  balsam,  mentioned  by  Cervantes  ; -the 
composition  of  which  was  oil,  rosemary,  salt,  and 
wine.  (?) 

Balsam,  Spir'ituofs,  of  Fioraventi,  Bal'- 
samum Fioraven'ti  sjjirituo'sum,  (F.)  Baume  de 
Fioraventi  spiritueux.  Different  products  of  the 
distillation  of  resinous  and  balsamic  substances, 
and  of  a  number  of  aromatic  substances,  pre- 
viously macerated  in  alcohol,  have  been  thus 
called.  The  Spirituous  Balsam  of  Fioraventi, 
the  only  one  now  used  in  friction,  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  is  the  first  product  of  the  distillation 
from  a  sand-bath.  It  is  entirely  alcoholic.  The 
Oily  Balsam  of  Fioraventi  is  obtained  by  re- 
moving the  residue,  and  distilling  it  in  an  iron 
vessel,  at  a  white  heat.  It  has  the  appearance 
of  a  citrine-coloured  oil.  The  Black  Balsam  of 
Fioraventi  is  the  black  oil,  obtained  when  the 
temperature  is  sufficient  to  carbonize  the  sub- 
stances in  the  cucurbit. 

Balsam  of  Fir,  see  Pinus  balsamea. 
Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  of  Laborde,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Fourcroy  ou  de  Laborde.  A  kind  of 
liniment  composed  of  aromatic  plants,  balsams, 
resins,  aloes,  turpentine,  theriac.  and  olive  oil. 
Used  in  chaps  of  the  skin  and  nipples. 

Balsam,  Friar's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 
Balsam  of  Genevieve,  (F.)  Baume  de  Gene- 
vieve.    An  ointment  composed  of  wax,  turpen- 
tine, oil,  red  saunders,  and  camphor.     Used  in 
contused  wounds,  gangrene.  &c. 

Balsam  of  Honey  (Hill's).  A  tincture  made 
of  tohi,  honey  (5a  tbj)  and  spirit  (a  gallon).  A 
pectoral,  used  in  coughs.  The  committee  of  the 
New  York  College  of  Pharmacy  recommend  the 
following  formula  —  (Gum  Benzoin.  !|v,  Bals. 
Tolut.  !§j,  Mellis  5viij,  Alcohol.  Oiij— ' digest  for 
]0  days  and  filter).  See  Mel. 

Balsam  of  Horehoend  (Ford's).  A  tincture 
of  horehound,  liquorice-root,  camphor,  opium, 
benzoin,  dried  squills,  oil  of  aniseed,  and  honey. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  above.  See 
Marrubiurn. 

Balsam,  Httngariaw,  see  Pinus  muehos. 
Balsam,  Hypnot'ic,  Bal'samum  Hypnot'icum, 
(F.)  Baume  Hypnotique.  A  preparation  of  which 
opium.  hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and  some  other 
sedative  substances,  form  the  basis.  It  is  used 
externally  in  friction,  to  provoke  sleep. 

Balsam,  Hyster'ic,  Bal'samum  Hyster'icum, 
(F.)  Baume  Hysterique.  A  preparation  made  of 
opium,  aloes,  asafcetida,  castor,  distilled  oils  of 
rue,  amber,  Ac.     It  is  held  to  the  nose,  applied 


to  the  navel,  or  rubbed  on  the  hypogastrium  in 
hysterical  cases. 

Balsam,  Indian,  see  Myroxylon  peruiferurn. 
BALSAM,  Iod'dRBTTED,  Bal'samum  iodurct'um, 
(F.)  Baume  hydriodatc,  B.  iodure,  Gelee  contre 
le  goitre.  A  balsam  used  in  the  way  of  friction, 
in  goitre,  at  Lausanne,  in  Switzerland.  It  may 
be  made  as  follows — animal  soap,  GU  ;  iodide  of 
potassium,  42;  alcohol  at  S5°,  500;  essence  of 
lemon,  4  parts.  The  iodide  is  dissolved  in  the 
alcohol,  which  is  added  to  the  soap  melted  in  a 
water-bath.  The  whole  is  then  filtered,  and  put 
into  bottles. 

Balsam  of  Leictoure,  of  Condom  or  Vince- 
geere,  Bal'samum  Lectoren'se.  A  strongly  sti- 
mulant and  aromatic  mixture  of  camphor,  saffron, 
musk,  and  ambergris,  dissolved  in  essential  oils. 
The  ancients  burnt  it  for  the  purpose  of  purifying 
the  air  of  a  chamber,  when  infected  with  a  dis- 
agreeable odour. 

Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoff'mann,  Bal'samum 
Vita  Hoffman' ni,  (F.)  Baume  de  Vie  d' Hoffmann. 
A  tincture,  composed  of  essential  oils  and  amber- 
gris, employed  internally  and  externally  as  a 
stimulant.  A  mixture  of  essential  oils  without 
alcohol  constitutes  the  Saxon  Balsam,  Bal'samum 
apoplcc'ticum.  B.  aromat'icum,  B.  cephal'  icnm,  B. 
Saxon'ienm,  B.  ncrvi'uum,  B.  Scherzeri,  B.  Sto- 
mach'icum.    Employed  in  friction  as  a  stimulant. 

Balsam  of  Life,  Decoctum  aloes  compositum 
— b.  of  Life,  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita. 

Balsam  of  Locatel'li  or  Lecatel'li,  Bal'- 
samum Lucatel'li,  (F.)  Baume  de  Lucatel.  A  sort 
of  ointment,  composed  of  wax,  oil,  turpentine, 
sherry,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  coloured  with  red 
saunders.  It  was  once  administered  in  pulmo- 
nary consumption. 

Balsam  of  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Mexican,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferurn  —  b. 
Natural,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferurn. 

Balsam,  Green,  of  Metz,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide 
Jfeteji'sium,  B.  Vir'ide,  (F.)  Baume  vert  de  Metz, 
Baume    de   Fcuillet,  Huile   verte,    O'leum    ox'ydi 


cupri  v> r  i 


de.     This  is  composed  of  several  fixed 


oils,  holding,  in  solution,  subcarbonate  of  copper, 
sulphate  of  zinc,  turpentine,  aloes,  and  the  es- 
sential oils  of  cloves  and  juniper.  It  is  green 
and  caustic,  and  is  employed  to  hasten  the  cica- 
trization of  atonic  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Xethrit'ic,  of  Fuller,  Bal'samum 
Xephrit'icum  Fulleri.  A  liquid  medicine,  com- 
posed of  oils,  resins,  and  balsams,  which  have 
experienced  an  incipient  state  of  carbonization 
from  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  It  was  given 
in  the  dose  of  15  to  30  drops  in  certain  affections 
of  the  kidneys. 

Balsam,  Xervoes,  Bal'samum  Xervi'num, 
(F.)  Baume  nervin  ou  nerval.  A  kind  of  oint- 
ment, composed  of  fatty  bodies,  volatile  oils, 
balsam  of  Peru,  camphor,  &c.  It  is  employed 
in  friction  in  cases  of  sprains  and  rheumatic 
pains. 

Balsam,  Paralyt'ic.  of  Mynsicht.  A  sort 
of  liniment  or  soft  mixture  of  the  essential  oils 
of  different  aromatic  plants,  oils  of  turpentine 
and  amber. — Lemery. 

Balsam  of  Parei'ra  brava,  Bal'samum  Pa- 
rei'ra?  brava?.  A  soft  mixture  of  balsam,  resin, 
muriate  of  ammonia,  and  powder  of  the  root  of 
Pareira  brava.  It  is  given  internally,  to  excite 
the  urinary  secretion. 

Balsam,  Percvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rurn— b.  of  Peru,  red,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — ■ 
b.  of  Peru,  white,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferurn. 

Balsam  of  Rackasi'ra  or  of  Rakasi'ri.  This 
substance  is  of  a  yellowish-brown  colour  :  semi- 
transparent:  fragile,  when  dry,  but  softening  by 
heat:  adhering  to  the  teeth,  when  chewed.     It 


BALSAMADEXDRON 


115 


BAMBOO 


b-asasmeUshsHlartothatof  tl  ofTolu,  ties   of   balsams.  r  — a   sweet, 

[t  is  brought  from  India  faint,    and   slightly   nauseous   rmell.     BaUamie 

ird  shells,  and  has  boon  employed  in  die-  »i«©e#a«oe.— one  resembling  the  balsam 8  in  pro- 

.:'  the  urinary  and  genital  |  •  rty 


wi,  Riga.     Prepared  from  the  sfa 

Fir,  macerated  in  spirit  of  wine,  /"- 
ternally,  stimulant  and  diuretic;  txtemeilly,  a 
vulnerary.     See  Pinos  Cembra. 

gAl  .  >i,utm   Sntur'ni.     A 

Bolntion  o\  ead  in  spirit  of  turpentine, 

ntrated  by  evaporation ;  to  which  eamphor     oacetum  balsamita 
i.     This   balsam  was  applied  to 
hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

B  \i  -  im  Of  thi    E  »>e  dm 

A    sort    of  liniment,  prepared   by 
boiling  together,  at  a  gentle  heat,  equal  i 

and  oil.  It  i^  said  to  have  been  the  oint- 
ment used  by  the  Samaritan  of  the  Gospel  to 
cure  a  patienl  covered  with  ulcers. 

bam,  -  \\  >»,  Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoffmann. 
i  Si  i .rut  it.  Bal'tamum  8*P}fkvri*, 
ition  of  sulphur  in 
oil.— A  tulph.  anien'tum,  |  F. |  /.'.  rf<  S 
A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of  aniseed; 
given  as  a  carminative.  —  li.  Sulph.  tneciun'tum, 
I  p.    /;.        -  \  solution  of  sulphur 

in  oil  of  amber.  —  H.  Sulphurit  terebintkina'tnm, 
F.  |  B.  de  Sou/re  tirtbin- 
thini.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of 
turpentine,  administered  as  a  diuretic. — The  Bal- 
'  Sulphur  of  Rulahd  is  a  solution  of  sul- 
phur in  linseed  oil  or  nut  oil. 

Balsam  op  Btm'patht,  Balaam um  Syvtpath'- 
iciuii,  (F.l  Baumt  de  Sympathie.   A  balsam,  used 
in    the   days    when    sympathetic   influei 
strongly  believed  in.     It  was    composed  of  the  I 

_--  of  a  human  skull,  blood,  and  human  fat. 
ami   was  applied  to    the    instrument  which  had  ; 
inflicted  the  wound. 

Ihiiiut'?.      A    tincture    of  myrrh. 
\'s  blood,  flowers  of  St.  John's  wort, 
and  Chio  turpentine.    Internally,  diuretic  ;  exter- 
nally, vulnerary. 
Balsam  op  Tolu,  see  Toluifera  Balsamum. 
bam,    Tranquil,    Bal'aamum   tranquil'lum 


BALSA  If  TEH  ELEMIFERE,  Amyris  elemi- 
fera — /'.  d>  I  •  .'/•  eque,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

BALSAMINA,  Momordioa  balsamina. 

BALSAMINE,  Moinordica  balsamina. 

BALSAM  imic 

BALSAMITA  FCEMINE  \.  Achillea  ageratam 
— b.  Major.  Tan  ace  turn  balbamita — b.  lis 


B  ilsami1  pa    Bu  I  \  B.    odor  '' ■  ■ 

'.ci/' /(•'/  ,-ou  Roma'na.  Ord. 
Composites.  Sex.  Syet.  Syngenesis  Polygamia 
Buperflua.  A  jtlant.  common  in  the  south  of 
France,  and  cultivated  in  the  gardens;  where  it 
bears  the  names  of  Menthe  coqbxx  romaine,  Grand 
banme,  Baume  eoq  ou  Cottu*  dee  Jardint.  Its 
smell  is  Strong  and  aromatic,  and  taste  hot.  It 
is  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  taiisey,  i.  e.  as  a 
stimulant,  veiniitu. 

BALSAMITA    SuAVEOLEHS,    Tanacetum    balsa- 
mita — b.  Vulgaris,  Tanacetum  balaamita. 

BALSAMO-SACCHARUM,  Elsso-Saccharum. 
BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam,  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  JSgyptiacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Album,  Bee  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  b, 
Alpini,  Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  Alpini, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Anodynum,  Lini- 
mentum  Baponis  et  opii — b.  Apoplecticum,  Balsam 
of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Aromaticum,  Balsam  of 
life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Asialieum,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum—  b.  Brazilien8C,  Copaiba  —  b.  Calaba, 
octandra  —  b.  Canadense,  see  Pinna 
balsamea — b.  Catholicum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eom- 
posita—  b.  Ceph alien m,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoff- 
mann— b.  Copaibas,  Copaiba — b.  Genuinnm  anti- 
>  quorum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Hyperici 
simplex,  see  Hypericum  perforatum — b.  lodure- 
timi.  Balsam,  ioduretted — b.  Judaicum,  see  Amy- 
balsamum — b.  Libani,  see  Pinus  cembra — 
b.  Marias,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  b.  e  Mecca.  B6C 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  1'.  Mercuriale,  I  i 
turn  hydrargyri  nitratis  —  b.  Nervinum,  Balsam 
of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Nucistss,  Bee  Myristica — 
b.  Opodeldoc,  Linimentum  saponis  campboratum 
b.  Ophthalmioum  rubrum,  Unguentum  hyihar- 
gyri  nitrico-oxydi — b.  Persicum,  Tinctura  benxo- 
Bita  —  b.  Peruvianum,  see  Myroxylon 


seu    tranquil'lane,  (V.)   II.  tranquille.     A  liquid 
medieine   employed,  externally,  in    the   shape   of 
friction  :  it  is  prepare!  by  macerating  and  boil- 
ing, in  olive  oil.  nsreotio  and  poisonous  plants, —  Un  compositi    —  b.  reruviai 
belladonna,  mandragora,  byoscyamus,  Ac— and  Peruiferum— b.  Batnrninum,  Unguentum  plumbi 
infusing,   in    the    filtered   decoction,  Buperacetatis  —  b.  Bcherzeri,  Balsam   of  life  of 
■it  aromatic  plants.     It  was   employed  as  Hoffmann — b.  Stomachicum,  Balsam  of  life  of 
an  anodyne.  Hoffmann — b.  Btyracis,  Styrax — b.  Styracis  ben- 
Balsam,  Titki-y.  Dracocephalum  Canariense  zoini,  Benjamin— b.  Succini,  see  Succinum  —  b. 
— b.   Turlington's,   see    Tinctura    Benzoini    com-  Bulphuris  15arbader.se,  Petroleum  snlphuratum — 
posita.  b.  Bulphuris  Bimplex,  Oleum   Bulphuratum —  b. 

LM    OP   Tir'rr.NTlM:.  Duicl    Drape,  BnV- 
tamum    Terebin'thinm.     Obtained    by    distilling 

oil    of    turpentine   in   a  glass    retort,    until   a   red 
balsam  i.-  left.      It   ;  16  properties  of  the 

turpenl 

BALSAM,  Ykrvain's.  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 


B  LEY,  OP  Mimu -im  'it--.  Ba  "- 

tnmnm  vulnera'rium   Mindere'ri,  i  F. )   />'.   vnlnf- 

rain    de  MlNDERER.     A   kind  of  liniment,  eom- 

!' turpentine,  resin  eb-mi,  oil  of  St.  John's 

ad  wax.     Employed  in  friction,  an 
-  to  wounds. 

tiens  fulva. 
Ivv  -  -  v  ••  w,.i  \m.  Tinctnra  Benzoini  eomposita. 
BA  L6AM  A  DBK  DRON    GILEADEN8E, 
Amyris  Qileadensis — b.  Myrrba,  Bee  Myrrha. 

BALfi  LMARIA  LNOPHYLLUM,  see  Fagara 
octandra. 

B  M  SAMELjEON,  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 
BALSAM'IO,    Baleam'icne,    (P.)   BaUamiqne, 
from  (iaXaafioi,  'balsam.'    Possessing  the  quali- 


Syriacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Toluta- 
tanum,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  Tranquillana 
seu  Tranquillum,  Balsam,  tranquil  —  b.  Trauma- 
ticum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eomposita — b.  Univer- 
sale, Unguentum  plumbi  superac<  tatis — b.  Viride, 
Balsam,  (?reen,  of  Metz;  Bee  Fagara  octandra. 

BALSAMUS,  Balsam.— b.  Palustris,  Mentha 
aquatica 

!'.  \  1  8 EM,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

BAMBA,  Baml 

B  \  M  I: A  I.I  A.  Balbuti 

BAMBA'LIO,  Ban,' halo,  Bala'tro,  from  0ap- 
(jai\u,*l  Ppeah  inarticulately.'  One  who  stam- 
-.  or  utters  inarticulate  sounds.  A  - 
cording  to  Kracbe,  one  who  Bpeaks  as  if  be  bad 
pap  in  hi^  mouth,  or  a.s  if  hie  tongue  were  para* 
Ij  Bed. 

BAMBOO,  (T.)  Bambov,   Bambu.     Fam.  Gra- 

minese.     Sex.  Syet.  Hexandria  Monogynia.    The 

yonng  Bambot  arundina'cea,  Aran' no 

bambnt,    Bambu'ea  arundina'cea,  and  of  Jlmnlue 

contain  a  saccharine  pith,  ol 


BAMBOS   ARUNDINACEA 


116 


BANDEAU 


the  people  of  both   the   Indies   are   very  fond. 
They  are  sometimes  made  into  a  pickle. 

BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo  — b. 
Verticillata,  Bamboo. 

BAMBUSA  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo. 

BAMIX  MOSCHATA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BAM  MA,  from  (3ar:ru>,  'I  plunge,'  'a  paint;  a 
dye.'  Anciently,  liquids  were  so  called,  in  which 
certain  bodies  were  plunged,  to  moisten  or  soften 
them.  In  the  case  of  tea,  for  instance,  into  which 
bread  is  dipped,  the  tea  would  be  the  bamma. 

BANANA,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANA.NIER,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAUSIA,  Charlatanry. 

BANG  U  HIPP  OCR  ATE,  Bathron. 

BANCAL,  (F.)  One  who  has  deformed  legs. 
It  includes  the  valgus,  compernis,  and  varus, 
which  see. 

BANCROCHE,  (F.)  A  vulgar  epithet  for  a 
rickety  individual. 

BAND,  PRIMITIVE,  see  Nerve  Fibre. 

BAN'DAGE,  Desma,  Syndes'mus,  Hi/podes'- 
mis,  Hijpodesma,  Hi/podes'mus,  (the  last  three 
signify  properly  an  under  bandage.)  A  binder, 
from  Sax.  b  hid  an,  'to  bind.'  This  word,  with 
the  French,  is  generally  used  to  express  the  me- 
thodical application  of  rollers,  compresses,  &c, 
Ban'daging,  Syn'desis,  to  fix  an  apparatus  upon 
any  part, — corresponding  to  the  words  deliga'tio, 
fascia'tio,  fascia'rum  applica'tio,  epid'esis.  "With 
us  the  noun  is  usually  applied  to  the  result  of  the 
application,  or  to  the  bandage  itself: — a  sense  in 
which  the  French  employ  the  word  Bande.  Ban- 
dages are  simple  or  compound.  The  simple  ban- 
dage is  equal,  if  the  turns  are  applied  circularly 
above  each  other;  unequal,  if  the  turns  are  not 
accurately  applied  upon  each  other.  If  each  turn 
of  the  bandage*  be  only  covered  one-third,  it 
forms  the  doloire  of  the  French;  if  the  edges 
touch  only  slightly,  it  is  the  mousse  ;  if  the  turns 
are  very  oblique  and  separated,  it  is  the  spiral 
or  creeping,  (F.)  rampant;  if  folded  upon  each 
other,  it  is  termed  the  reversed,  (F.)  renverse. 
By  uniting  various  kinds  of  bandaging,  we  have 
the  compound. ;  and  these  compound  bandages 
have  received  various  names  expressive  of  their 
figure,  or  of  the  parts  to  which  they  are  applied, 
as  capistrnm,  spica,  &c.  Bandages  are  divided, 
also,  as  regards  their  uses,  into  unit  inn,  dividing, 
retaining,  expelling,  compressing,  &c. 

Bandage  on  B^oller,  Fas'cia,  Tce'nia,  Epides'- 
mos,  Vin'odum,  the  Bande  of  the  French.  It  may 
be  made  of  linen,  flannel,  or  other  stuff  capable 
of  offering  a  certain  resistance.  The  two  extre- 
mities of  a  bandage  are  called  tails,  (F.)  chefs, 
and  the  rolled  part  is  termed  its  head,  (F.)  globe. 
If  rolled  at  both  extremities,  it  is  called*  a  double- 
headed  roller  or  bandage,  (F.)  Bande  a  deux 
globes. 

BANDAGE  A  BANDELETTES  SE PA- 
RE ES,  Bandage  of  separate  strips. 

Bandage,  Body,  Manti'le,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Corps,  is  used  for  fixing  dressings,  &c,  to  the 
trunk.  It  is  formed  of  a  towel,  napkin,  or  some 
large  compress,  folded  three  or  four  times;  the 
extremities  of  which  are  fastened  by  pins.  This 
is  again  fixed  by  means  of  the  scapnlary  bandage, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  an  ordinary  ban- 
dage, stitched  to  the  anterior  and  middle  part 
of  the  napkin,  passing  over  the  clavicles  and 
behind  the  head,  to  be  attached  to  the  back  part 
of  the  napkin. 

Bandage,  Compound,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage,  Compressing,  or  Roller,  Fascia 
compressi'va  seu  convolu'ta,  (F.)  Bandage  com- 
pressive ou  roule,  is  the  simple  roller  with  one 
head;  and  is  employed  in  cases  of  ulcers,  varices, 


&c,  of  the  limbs.  Whenever  this  roller  is  applied 
to  the  lower  part  of  the  limbs,  it  is  carried  up- 
wards by  the  doloire  and  reversed  methods  above 
described. 

Bandage,  Compressive,  see  Bandage,  com- 
pressing— b.  de  Corps,  see  Bandage — b.  Dividing, 
see  Bandage  —  b.  Din'sif,  Dividing  bandage  —  b. 
ddi.r-huit  Chefs,  Bandage,  eighteen-tailed — b.  en 
Doloire,  Doloire  —  b.  Double-headed,  see  Baud- 
age. 

Bandage,  Eighteen-tatled,  Fas'cia  octod'- 
ecim  capit'ibus,  (F.)  Bandage  d  dix-huit  chefi. 
This  bandage  is  made  of  a  longitudinal  portion 
of  a  common  roller;  and  with  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  transverse  pieces  or  tails,  to  cover  as  much 
of  the  part  as  is  requisite.  It  is  a  very  useful 
bandage,  inasmuch  as  it  can  be  undone  without 
disturbing  the  part. 

Bandage,  Expelling,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage,  Galen's,  B.  for  the  Poor,  Fas'cia 
Gale'ni  seu  Pau'pernm,  (F.)  Bandage  de  Galu  n 
ou  des  Pauvres,  Ga'lea,  is  a  kind  of  cncul/us  or 
hood,  (F.)  Couvrechef,  divided  into  three  parts 
on  each  side ;  of  which  Galen  has  given  a  de- 
scription.    See  Cancer  Galeni. 

Bandage  op  Genga,  Bandage  of  Theden — b. 
Hernial,  see  Truss  —  b.  Immovable,  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

Bandage,  In'guinal,  Fas'cia  ingvina'lis.  A 
bandage  for  keeping  dressings  applied  to  the 
groin.  It  consists  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  triangular  compress,  adapted  for  cover- 
ing the  groin.  To  the  lower  extremity  of  this, 
one  or  two  bandages  are  attached,  which  pass 
under  the  thigh,  and  are  fixed  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  cincture.  This  bandage  may  be  either 
simple  or  double. 

Other  bandages  will  be  found  described  under 
their  various  names. 

BANDAGE  DES  PAUVRES,  Bandage, 
Galen's — b.  Permanent,  Apparatus,  immovable— 
b.  of  the  Poor,  see  Bandage,  Galen's,  and  Cancer 
Galeni — b.  Rampant,  see  Bandage — b.  Renverse, 
see  Bandage — b.  Roule,  see  Bandage — b.  of  Scul- 
tetus,  Bandage  of  separate  strips. 

Bandage  of  separate  Strips,  or  B.  of  Scttl- 
TE'TUS,  Fas'cia  fasci'olis  separa'tim  dispos'itis 
seu  Sculte'ti,  (F.)  Bandage  a  bandelettcs  separees 
ou  de  Scultet.  This  is  formed  of  linen  strips, 
each  capable  of  surrounding  once  and  a  half  the 
part  to  which  they  have  to  be  applied,  and  placed 
upon  each  other,  so  as  to  cover  successively  one- 
third  of  their  width.  It  is  used  chiefly  for  frac- 
tures, requiring  frequent  dressing. 

Bandage,  Simple,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage  of  Theden,  B.  of  Genga.  A  band- 
age employed,  at  times,  in  brachial  aneurism, 
which  commences  at  the  fingers,  and  extends  to 
the  axilla. 

Bandage,  Under,  Hypodesmis  —  b.  Unequal, 
see  Bandage — b.  Unissant,  Uniting  bandage — b. 
Uniting,  see  Bandage,  and  Uniting  bandage. 

BANDAGING,  see  Bandage— b.  Doctrine  of, 
Desmaturgia. 

BAN'DAGIST,  (F.)  Bandagiste.  One  whose 
business  it  is  to  make  bandages,  and  especially 
those  for  hernia. 

BANDE,  Bandage.  The  word  Bande,  in 
anatomy,  is  used  by  the  French  for  various  nar- 
row, flat,  and  elongated  expansions. 

BANDE  A  DEUX  GLOBES,  see  Bandage. 

BANDE  D' HE L 10  DO  RE,  a  kind  of  bandage 
for  supporting  the  mamma?. 

BANDEAU,  (F.)  A  kind  of  simple  bandage, 
which  consists  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  folded  four 
times,  and  applied  round  the  head.  There  is 
also    the  Bandeau    ou    Mouchoir  en   triangle    or 


BAXDELETTE 


117 


BARII    CHLORIDUM" 


triangular  bandage,  a  kind  of  eouvrecbef,  made 

tare  piece  <a'  oloth,  or  of  a  handkerchief, 

folded  diagonally,  and  applied  round  the  head. 

BANDELETTE,   |  F.  I    Diminutive   of    IfofMfa 

..    '/\t  in'  ■/•>.    \:>i  i  :   a   narrow  bandage, 

snip,  it  fillet     Also  Ta  nia  Bemicircolaris. 

/; . i .v /> a- /, e r /•  /: s  . ; o o i. \ ' //.v.i ri I '/■:>•. 

Small   .-trips,   covered   with    a    glutinous   plaster. 

agglntinan'tee.     See  Agglutinant. 

'  OELETTES  BtCOUPtS,  are  strips 
of  linen,  notched  on  one  edge,  and 

I  -.  with  ointment.  Tiny  are  applied  to 
wounds  to  pr  (Tent  the  lint  from  sticking,  and  the 
laceration  of  the  cicatrix. 

BANDELETTE  SEMICTRCULATRE,  Tae- 
nia Bemicircularis — 1>.  dee  Cornea  cTammon,  Corpus 
fimbria  turn — b.  dee  Eminence*  pyriformee,  Tenia 
Bemicircularis — 1>.  (L;  I'Hippoeampe,  Corpora  fiui- 

BANDURA,  Nepentha  destillatoria, 

B  \N  DY-LEGGED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 

BANEBERRY,  Actsea  Bpicata. 

BANG!  E,  Bhang,  Bang,  Bangi  or  Beug,  Sed- 
ilieves  this  to  be  the  Ne- 
of  the  ancients.     The  largest  leaves  and 
capsules  without  the  stalks  of  Can' nobis  In'dica, 
invre  Indien,  Indian  hemp,  probably  iden- 
tical with  C.  tativa.    Family,  UrticeaB.  Sex.Syst. 
i    Pentandria.     The   leaves  and  flowers  of 
Cannabis  are  narcotic  and  astringent.      They  are 
Chewed   and   smoked.      The    seeds,    mixed   with 
opium,  areca.  and  sugar,  produce  a  kind  of  intoxi- 
cation, and  are  used  lor  this  purpose  by  the  peo- 
ple of  India.     An  alcoholic  extract  of  the  plant. 
Churrvs — Extrae'tum  Can'nabis  (Ph.  U.  S.) — has 
been  used  in  India,  and  since  then  in  Europe  and 
in  this  country,  as  a  narcotic  and  anti-convulsive, 
in  the  dose  of  from  half  a  grain  to  ten  or   more. 
It  requires,  however, great  caution  in  its  adminis- 
Btration.     The  pure  resin —  Cannabine,  Haeehie- 
ehim — is  active  in  the  dose  of  two-thirds  of  a 
grain. 

The  dried  plant,  which  has  flowered,  and  from 
which  the  resin  has  not  been  removed,  called 
Gutijah,  Gaujak,  Guaza,  and  Guazah,  Ilnschisch, 
Haechiek,  Baehieeh,  Hashish,  or  Chasehieeh,  of 
the  Arabs,  Consists  of  the  tops  and  tender  parts 
only  of  the  plant,  collected  immediately  after  in- 
nee,  and  simply  dried. 

BANICA,  Pastinaca  sativa. 

DAM  LAS.  Vanilla. 
II. LA.  Vanilla. 

BAKILLOES,  Vanilla. 

BANISTE'RIA  AX<;ULO'SA.  This  plant, 
in  Brasil  and  the  Antilles,  passes  for  a  powerful 
sudorific,  and  an  antidote  to  the  poison  of  ser- 

BANK8IA  ABY8SINI0A,  Hagenia  Abyssi- 
niea — b.  Speciosa,  Costus. 

BANNIERES,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Bannieres  is  a  village  in  Quercy,  diocess  of  Ca- 
non, France.     The  waters  are  probably  chaly- 
They  are  celebrated   in  ameuorrhoea,  ca- 
chexia, jaundice,  &c. 

BA'OBAB,  Adaueo'nia  digita'ta,  of  Africa. 
y,>t.  i),, I.  Bombacece.  One  of  the  larg 
ductions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  It-  fruit  is 
called,  in  the  country,  Pain  dt  tinge.  The  pulp 
rish,  and  agreeable  to  .  ;it .-  and  a  refreshing 
drink  is  made  from  if,  which  is  used  in  t'>'vrv~. 
Prospero  Alpini  and  Dr.  L.  Frank  think  that  the 
Terra  Lemnia  was  prepared,  in  Egypt,  from  the 
pulp.  All  the  parte  of  the  Baobab  abound  in 
mucilage.  The  hark  has  been  given  as  a  substi- 
tute for  cinchona. 

BAPTISIA  LBUCANTHA,  see  Sophora  tinc- 
toria — b.  Tinotoria,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

BAPTISTER1UM,  Baegm 


BAPTORRHCEA,  see  Gonorrhoea. 

//.  1 fi . I  Q  I  i:  T TE  ( F. ).  A  name  given  by  Ra- 
sous.  physician  at  NUmes,  in  France,  to  a  catar- 
rhal epidemy,  which  occurred  there  in  1761.  See 
Influenza. 

BARATHRON,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BARATHRUM,  Antrum. 

BA  1!  BA,  Beard— b.  Aaronis,  Arum  maculatum 
pros,  Bpirssa  ulmaria — 1>.  Hi] 
gon — b.  Jovis,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BARBADOES,  see  West  Indies  — b.  Leg,  see 
Elephantiasis. 

BARBAREA,  Erysimum  barbarca—  b.  Stricta, 
Erysimum  barbai 

BARBAROS'SJE  PIL'UL.E,  Barbaros'sa's 
Piltx.  An  ancient  composition  of  quicksilver, 
rhubarb,  diagridium,  musk,  Ac.  It  was  the  first 
internal  mercurial  medicine  which  obtained  any 
real  credit. 

BARBE,  Beard — b.  de  Bone,  Tragopo. 

BARBEAU,  Centaureo  cyanus,  Cyanus  segc- 
tum. 

DARRER-CIHRUR'GEONS.  A  Corporation 
of  London,  instituted  by  King  Edward  IV.  The 
barbers  were  separated  from  the  Burgeons,  by  18 
Geo.  II..  c.  1J;  and  the  latter  were  erected  into  a 
Royal  College  of  Surgtons  at  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century. 

P.ARDERS,  ARMY,  see  Bathers. 

BARBE  RIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  mineral  waters  are  half  a  league  from 
Nantes.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
carbonates  of  magnesia,  lime,  and  iron.  They  are 
used  as  ohalybeates. 

BARBERRY,  Oxycantha  Galeni— b.  Ameri- 
can, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BARBIERS.  A  variety  of  paralysis  chiefly 
prevalent  in  India  :  and  by  many  considered  to 
be  the  same  as  Beriheri.  Beriberi  is  commonly 
an  acute  disease.     Barbiers  is  generally  chronic. 

BARBITIUM,  Beard. 

BAR-DONE.  Pubis,  os. 

BARDOTINE,  Artemisia  Santonica. 

BARBULA  CAPRINA.  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

BARCLAY'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilulce 
antibilioss. 

DARDADIA,  Pound. 

BARD  AN  A,  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Minor,  Xan- 
thium. 

I',  MID  AXE  PETITE.  Xanthium. 

BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bareges  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Hautes 
Pyrenees,  near  which  are  several  springs.  They 
are  sulphureous  and  thermal,  the  heat  varying 
from  ^°to  112°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  chlo- 
rides of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphates  of  mag- 
nesia and  lime,  carhonate  of  lime,  sulphur.  Ac. 
These  springs  have  long  enjoyed  a  high  reputa- 
tion, and  are  daily  advised  in  cutaneous  and 
scrofulous  affections,  Ac.  A  nitrogenized  matter 
was  first  found  in  these  waters,  and  afterwards  in 
Other  sulphureous  springs,  to  which  Longchamp 
gave  the  name  Barfgine, 

!-,   riTioua  BarIobb  Water,   Aqua   B 

ieu   Baretginen'sis,  (F.)  Eau  de  Bariges, 
is  made  by  adding hydroeulphuretted  '■'/,/•,  f-iv, 
to  ],ur>  water,  f]$x.v\j*B,carbonaU  of  soda, gr. xvj, 
chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  bs.     Dottle  closely. 
BAREGINE,  see  Bai 

BARGADA,  Convolvulus  pes  eaprse. 

BARGOU.  An  alimentary  preparation  formed 
of  ground  oats,  boiled  to  aproper  consistence  with 
water. 

BARIGLIA,  Sol:,. 

BARII  CHLORIDUM,  Baryta,  muriate  of— 
b.  Iodidum,  Baryta,  hydriodato  of. 


BARILLA 


118 


BARYTA 


BARILLA,  Soda— b.  Alicant,  Soda  — b.  Car- 
thagena,  Soda—  b.  Turkey,  Soda. 

BARILLOR,  Soda. 

BA'RIUM,  Ba'ryum,  Baryt'inm,  Pluto'nhim, 
from  (3apvs,  'heavy.'  The  metallic  base  of  ba- 
ryta, so  called  from  the  great  density  of  its  com- 
pounds. 

Barium,  Chloride  op,  Baryta,  muriate  of  — 
6.  Cklorure  de,  Baryta,  muriate  of — b.  Iodatum, 
and  Iodide  of,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of— b.  Protox- 
ide of.  Baryta. 

BARK,  Cinchona — b.  Arica,  see  Cinchona?  cor- 
difoliae cortex — b.  Ash,  see  Cinchona — b.  Bitter, 
Pinckneya  pubens — b.  Bogota,  see  Cinchona — b. 
Calisaya,  Cinchona?  cordifoliae  cortex  —  b.  Cali- 
saya,  spurious,  see  Cinchona?  cordifoliae  cortex — 
b.  Carabaya,  see  Cinchona?  cordifoliae  cortex  — b. 
Caribbean,  Cinchona?  Caribsese  cortex — b.  Cartba- 
gena,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Coquetta,  see  Cinchona 

—  b.  Crown,  Cinchona?  lancifolia?  cortex  —  b. 
Cusco,  see  Cinchona?  cordifolia?  cortex  —  b. 
Doom,  Sassy-bark — b.  Elk,  Magnolia  glauca — b. 
Essential  salt  of,  see  Cinchona — b.  Florida, 
Pinckneya  pubens — b.  Fusagasuga,  see  Cinchona 

—  b.  Georgia,  Pinckneya  pubens  —  b.  Gray,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Huamilies,  sec  Cinchona — b.  Hua- 
nuco,  see  Cinchona — b.  Indian,  Magnolia  glauca 

—  b.  Iron,  see  Kino — b.  Jesuit's,  Cinchona  —  b. 
Jaen,  see  Cinchona — b.  Lima,  see  Cinchona — b. 
Loxa,  Cinchona?  lancifolia?  cortex — b.  Pale,  Cin- 
chona? lancifolia?  cortex — b.  Maracaybo,  see  Cin- 
chona— b.  Ordeal,  Sassy-bark — b.  Peruvian,  Cin- 
chona— b.  Pitaya,  Cinchona?  Caribaea?  cortex,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Red,  Cinchona?  oblongifolia? cortex 
— b.  Royal,  Cinchona?  cordifolia?  cortex — b.  of  St. 
Ann,  see  Cinchonas  cordifolia?  cortex  —  b.  Saint 
Lucia,  Cinchonas  Cariba?a?  cortex — b.  Santa  Mar- 
tha, see  Cinchona  —  b.  Sassy,  Sassy-bark — b. 
Seven,  Hydrangea  arborescens  —  b.  Silver,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Yellow,  Cinchona?  cordifolia?  cortex. 

BARLERIA  BUXIFOLIA,  Cara  schulli. 

BARLEY-BREE.  Cerevisia. 

Barley-Corn,  Cerevisia. 

Barley,  Pearl,  see  Hordeum  —  b.  Scotch, 
Hordeum 

B  a  rl  by-Water,  Decoctum  hordei. 

BARM.  Yest. 

BARN,  Infans. 

BAR.NET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barnet 
is  not  far  from  London.  The  water  is  of  a  purg- 
ing quality,  like  that  of  Epsom,  and  about  half 
the  strength. 

BAROMACROM'ETER,  Padobaromacrom'- 
eter,  P adorn' eter,  from  fiapoq,  i  weight/  naicpoq, 
'long,'  and  pzrpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument 
invented  by  Stein  to  indicate  the  length  and 
weight  of  a  new-born  infant. 

BAROM'ETER,  Baroseop'ium,  Ba'roscope, 
from  (3apo$,  'weight,'  and  ptrpov,  'measure.'  (F.) 
Bnromitre.  An  instrument  which  measures  the 
weight  of  the  air.  A  certain  degree  of  density 
in  this  medium  is  necessary  for  health.  When 
we  ascend  high  mountains,  great  inconvenience 
is  experienced,  owing  to  the  diminished  density. 
Changes  of  this  character  are  indicated  by  the 
Barometer  or  weather-glass. 

BA'ROS,  (iapos,  'heaviness.'  Employed  by  the 
Greek  physicians  to  designate  the  feeling  of  las- 
situde and  heaviness  observable  in  many  diseases. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BAROSCOPE.  Barometer. 

BAROSMA  CRENATA,  Diosma  crenata. 

B A  ROTE,  Baryta. 

BAROTES  SALITUS,  Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BAR  HAS,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

BARRE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barre  is 
a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  Strasburg.  The 
waters  are  thermal,  and  contain  much  iron,  cal- 
careous salt,  Ac.     They  are  diuretic  and  tonic. 


BABRE  (F.),  Barrure,  Vara,  'a  bar.'  A  pro- 
jection or  prolongation  of  the  symphysis  pubis, 
— a  deformity  rendering  delivery  difficult. 

BARREE  (F.).  A  term  applied,  in  France,  to 
a  female  whose  pelvis  has  the  deformity  described 
under  Bar  re. 

BARRES  (DENTS,),  Barred  Teeth.  The 
molar  teeth,  when  the  roots  are  spread  or  tortu- 
ous, so  that  they  cannot  be  extracted  without 
being  broken  ;  or  without  a  portion  of  the  alveo- 
lar arch  being  removed. 

BARREL  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

BARREN,  Sterile. 

BARRENNESS,  Sterilitas. 

BARROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BARRURE,  Barre. 

BARTON'S  FRACTURE,  see  Fracture  of  the 
Radius,  Barton's. 

BARYCOCCALON,  Datura  stramonium. 

BARYCOITA,  Baryecoia. 

BARYECOl'A,  Barycoi'ta,  Bradyeeoi'a,  Pa- 
racusia obtu'sa,  Disecoi'a,  Dysecoe'a,  Audi'tus 
dijjlc'ilia,  A.  gravis,  A.  immiuu'tus,  Obaudi'tio, 
Obaudi'tus,  Hypocopho'sia,  ffypoehyro'eia,  (F.) 
Durete  d' Oreille,  Dysfvee,  from  fiapvs,  'heavy,' 
and  aKot],  'hearing.'  Hardness  of  hearing,  in- 
complete deafness.     See  Cophosis,  and  Deafness. 

BARYGLOSSIA,  Balbuties,  Baryphonia. 

BARYI  HYDRAS  IODATI,  Baryta,  hydrio- 
date of. 

BARYLALIA.Baryphonia. 

BARYOD'YNE,  from  /3apu$,  'heavy/  and  oSvvrj, 
'pain.'     A  dull,  heavy  pain. 

BARYPHO'NIA,  Baryglos'si",  Baryla'lia,  Lo- 
que'la  impedi'ta,  from  (Sapvs,  'heavy/  and  (piovrj, 
'  voice.'     Difficulty  of  voice  or  speech. 

BARYPICRON,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

BARYSOMATIA.  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

BARYSOMATICA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

B  A  R  Y  '  T  A,  from  fiaov<;,  '  heavy/  papvrns, 
'weight.'  rTerra  pondero'sa,  Bary'tes,  Protox'- 
ide  of  Ba'rium,  Heavy  Earth,  Ponderous  Earth, 
(F.)  Baryte,  Barote,  Terre  pesante.  This  earth 
and  its  soluble  salts  are  all  highly  corrosive  poi- 
sons. It  is  never  employed  in  medicine  in  the 
pure  state.  When  externally  applied,  it  is  caus- 
tic, like  potassa  and  soda. 

Bary'ta,  Carbonate  of,  Barytas.  Car'bonas, 
(Ph.  U.S.),  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Baryte,  Crate  baro- 
tique,  is  only  used  officinally  to  obtain  the  mu- 
riate. 

Baryta,  Hydri'opate  of,  Baryta  Hydri'odas, 
Baryta  Hydriod'iea,  Hydras  Baryi  Ioda'ti : — 
(in  the  dry  state,  Iodide  of  Barium,  Barii  Iod'- 
idum,  Ba'rium  Ioda'tum,)  has  been  given  in  scro- 
fulous and  similar  morbid  conditions.  It  may 
be  administered  internally  in  the  dose  of  one- 
eighth  of  a  grain  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and 
be  applied  externally  to  scrofulous  swellings,  in 
the  form  of  ointment,  (gr.  iv  to  Jj  of  lard.) 

Baryta  Hyoriodica,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

Baryta,  Mu'riate  or  Hydrochlorate  of, 
Bary'ta  mn'rias,  Chlo'ride  of  Ba'rium,  Ba'rii 
Ghlo'ridxim  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Chlo'rttret  of  Ba'rium, 
Terra  p>ondero'sa  sali'ta  seu  muria'ta,  Sal  muri- 
at'icum  barot'icum,  Baro'tes  sali'tus,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure  de  barium,  is  the  combination  chiefly  used. 
The  Muriate  of  Baryta  may  be  formed  as  follows  : 
Baryt.  Carbon,  in  frustulis,  ibj  ;  Acid.  J/uriat. 
f^xij;  Aqua  Oiij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the  water, 
and  gradually  add  the  Carbonate  of  Baryta.  To- 
ward the  close  of  the  effervescence,  apply  a  gentle 
heat,  and,  when  the  action  has  ceased,  filter  the 
liquor,  and  boil  it  down  so  that  Crystals  may  form 
as  it  cools.— Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  given  in  the  form  of  the  Solu'tio  3/uria'tis 
Baryta,  Liquor  Barii  Chlo'ridi,  Ph.  U.  S.,  Aqua 
baryta    muria'tis,    (F.)    Solution  de  Muriate   de 


BARYTi: 


1  1  9 


BASSIA   BUTYRACEA 


Bari/te,   'Muriate  of  Baryta,  one  part ;   distill  d 
i  iree  parts.)  and  is  employed  in  sci 

■v  .nil-,  a i i <  1  cutaneous  diseases.  Exter- 
nally, to  fungous  ulcers  and  to  specks  on  the 
cornea. 

OF,  Baryta  sui/,has,  (F.) 

&  .  is  used  in  pharmacy,  like  the 

i  ate,  to  obtain  the  ohloride  of  barium. 

i  i.k  Cabbohas,  Baryta,  carbonate  <»t' — b. 

Baryta,  bydriodate  of — b,   Murias, 

ta,  muriate  of — b.  sulphas,  mlphate 

of. 

BAR  YTK,  Baryta— 6.  Carbonate  de,  Baryta, 
earbonate  of — b.  sulfate  d- .  Baryta,  sulphate  of. 
BAR!  I'll  MIA.  Melancholy. 
B  LRYTIUM,  Barium, 
BAR!  IM.  Barium. 
B AS- FOND,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 
BAS  LASS&  Stocking  laced. 
.  Abdomen. 
-  IAL.     The   name   of  an   Indian   tree,  the 
n  of  whose  leaves,  in  water,  with   » 

j  of  the  fauces.     The 
kernels  of  the  fruit  are  vermifuge. 

BASANAS  rilA'C.ALA, from fJamvos,* torture,' 
antl  utrr^ay.iXoj,  '  the  astragalus.'  Tain  in  the  ankle 
joint ;  gout  in  the  foot. 

BASANIS'MOS,  from  0atavt$etv,  'to  explore.' 
ch-stone.'     Investigation  or  examination. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

ii  jaivto,  'I  proceed,'  '  I  rest/ 
'  I  -  port  myself.'  Thatwhioh  serves  as  a  foun- 
dation or  support.  That  which  enters,  as  a  prin- 
cipal matter,  into  a  mixture  or  combination.  In 
anatomy,  it  is  employed  in  the  former  sense,  as 
'  the  Cram' Km,  Base  of  the  Brain  —  Basis 

imen'tum  ccre'bri  ;  Base  of  a  process,  <£<?., 
r*  ///';  heart — Basis  vel  coro'na  cordis.  In 
dentistry,  it  menus  a  metallic,  ivory,  or  hippopo- 
tamus plate,  which  is  used  as  a  support  for  arti- 
ficial teeth.  In  the  art  of  prescribing,  Basis  is 
the  chief  suhstance  which  enters  into  a  compound 
formula. 

BASE  BORN,  Illegitimate. 

BASEMENT    MEMBRANE,  see  Membrane, 

j;  V.SIATIO,  Tuition. 
BA31  ITOR,  Orbicularis  oris. 
BASIL,  BUSH,  Ocymum  caryophyllatum — b. 
Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Common,  Ocy- 
mum basilicum  —  b.  Small,  Ocymum  caryophyl- 
latum— l).  Wild,  Chenopodium  vulgare — b.  Wild, 
Cunila  mariana  —  b.  Wild,  Pycuanthemum  in- 
eanum. 

J;  \SILAD,  see  Basilar  Aspect. 
BAS'ILAR,   Basiba'ris,   I;,s'ilarij,  (F.)  Basi- 
That    which   belongs    to    the    base,  from 
(5'iots,  'base.'     This  name  has  been  given  to  seve- 
ral parts,  which   seem  to  serve  I  others. 
.  srum  and  sphenoid  have  been  SO  called. 
Basilar  Abtert,  A.  bomla'rie  sen  eertica'lis, 
■  u  Trone  basilaire,  A.  misociphalique 
(Ch.)     The  union  of  the   two  vertebral  arteries. 
Is  along  the  middle  groove  on  the  infe- 
rior inrl  lee  of  the  tuber,  and  is  supported,  be- 
i                           Fossa  basilaris.     It  terminates  in 
■  rior  cerebral  art 

il  towards  the  base 
of  the  head.  —  Barclay.  Basil, id  is  need  adverb- 
tally  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'towards  the 

1»  isil  lr  Possa,  (P.)  Oouttiire  on 

ipper  surface  of  the  basilary  p] 
—      tailed  because  it  is  channeled  like  a  Fomta 

Or  (rut/,  r.       Til"'    Till, <:r  annul  i  I    it. 

Bash  lb    Process,   Procee'eu*  basila'ris  ossis 

■  ij/itie,   (F.) 
-'•  Basilaire,  Prolongement  sous-occipital, 

Cuneiform  Process,  is  the  bony  projection,  formed 


by  the  inferior  angle  of  the  os  occipitis,  which  is 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid. 

BASILAB  Sims,  Sinus  transver-us. 

Basilar  Bdbfacb,  (F.)  Surface 
the  inferior  surface  of  to  It  is  covered 

by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx. 

ai:  Ykktkuka.     The  last  vertebra  of  the 
loins. 

BASIL'IC,  Basil' iens,  (F.)  Basilique,  from 
fiaoiXtxos,  'royal.'  This  name  was  given,  by  the 
ancients,  to  parts  which  they  conceived  to  play 
an  important  part  in  the  animal  economy. 

I! ash  ro  Vein,  Vena  >'■  i  eu'biti  inte- 

rior, (F.)  Veine  Basiliq  .  i  •  cubitale  cuta- 
>"'■  of  Chaussier.  This  vein  is  one  of  ti. 
which  the  operation  of  bloodletting  is  per, 
It  is  situate  at  the  internal  part  of  the  fold  of  the 
elbow,  in  front  of  the  humeral  artery,  and  is 
formed  by  the  anterior  and  posterior  cubital 
veins,  and  by  the  median  basilic.  It  terminates, 
in  the  arm-pit,  in  the  axillary  vein.  The  an- 
cients thought-,  that  the  basilic  of  the  right  arm 
had  some  connexion  with  the  liver,  and  hence 
.lied  it  hepatic.  The  vein  id'  the  left  arm, 
for  a  similar  reason,  they  called  splenic.  The 
Median  Basilic  Vein,  (P.)  Veine  midiam 
li']ne,  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  preceding 
vein.  It  joins  the  median  cephalic  at  an  acute 
angle,  or  rather  by  a  transverse  branch,  and  re- 
ceives some  branches  of  the  deep  radial  and  cu- 
bital veins,  and  a  considerable  subcutaneous  vein 
— the  common  median. 

BASIL  10  COM  MUX,  Ocymum  basilicum— b. 
Sauvai/e,  grand,  Chenopodium  vulgare. 

BASIL'ICON,  Basil'icum.  'Royal,'  or  of 
great  virtue.  An  ointment,  composed  of  yellow 
wax,  black  pitch,  and  resin,  of  each  one  part, 
olive  oil,  four  parts.  Hence  it  was  called  I  ■■- 
guen'tum  Tetraphar'macum,  (reTpa'papfiaKa,  'four 
drugs.') — Celsus.     Scribonius  Largus. 

Lasilicox,  Basilicum,  of  the  Parisian  Codex, 
is  the  Omjuent  de  Poix  et  de  Circ.  In  most  Phar- 
eias,  it  is  represented  by  the  Unguen'tum 
or  Cera' turn  Resi'itce.  It  is  used  as  a  stimulating 
ointment.  See  Ceratum  Resinae,  and  Unguen- 
tum  Resinee  Nigra. 

BASILICUM,  Basilioon,   Ocymum  Basilicum 

—  b.  Citratum,  Ocymum    basilicum  —  b.  Majus, 
Ocymum  basilicum. 

BASILIQUE,  Basilic. 

BASILISCUS,  Syphilis. 

B  A  S  l  0  -  C  E  11  A T  U  -CIIOXDRO-GLO.—  T-. 

I88US. 

B  \SI0-CER'AT0-GL0S3US,  from  /W?, 

'base,'  Kspas,  'cornu.' and  yXuaoa,   'tongue.'     A 

name  given  to  a  part  of  the  hyogfossus,  which  is 

I  into  the  cornu  of  the  os  byoides  and  base 

of  the  tongue. 

HASIOCES'TRUM,    from    /Wis,    'the 
and  KtaTpa,  'a  dart.'     An  instrument  for  opening 
the  head  of  the  fcetus  ill  utero,  invented  by  Mes- 
ler,  a  German. 

BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS,  Ili/psehr/los'sus,  Hyoba- 
sioglossus,   Ypseloglos' sus,  from  0aai{,  '  bas 
y\u>aaa,  'the  tongue.'     A  name  formerly  given  to 
the  portion  of  the  hyoglossus  which  is  i 
into  the  base  of  the  .,-  hyoi  les. — Riolan,  '1 
Bartholin e.     See  Lingual  Muscle. 

BASIO  l'HARYNil.K'lS,  from  0afftS,  'base,' 
and  0upuy£,  'the  pharynx.'  A  name  given  tc 
some  (ibres  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis   medius. 

—  Winslow. 

I.  ISIS,  -■■•>  Prescription — b.  Cerebri,   1'. 
tin'  Brain — b.  Cordis,  Radix  cordis — b.  Corporis, 

Sub'. 

I'.ASSI-COL'ICA.    Name  of  a  medicine  cora- 
of    aromatics     and    honey.  —  Scribonius 
Largus. 
BASSIA  BUTYRACEA,  see  Spirit,  (Arrack.) 


HAS  SIN 


120 


BATH 


BASSTN,  Pelvis — b.  Oculaire,  Scaphium  ocu- 
lare. 

BASSINEB,  Fove're,  to  foment. 

BASSINET,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney,  Ranunculus 
bulbosus. 

BAS'SORA,  GUM.  A  gum,  obtained  from  a 
plant  unknown,  which  came  originally  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Bassora,  on  the  Gulf  of  Per- 
sia, whence  its  name.  It  is  in  irregularly  shaped 
pieces,  white  or  yellow,  and  intermediate  in  its 
transparency  between  gum  Arabic  and  gum  tra- 
gacanth.  Only  a  small  portion  is  soluble  in 
water.  The  insoluble  portion  is  a  peculiar  prin- 
ciple, called  Basaorin,  It  is  not  used  in  medi- 
cine ;  but  bassorin  enters  into  the  composition  of 
several  substances. 

BASSORIN,  see  Bassora  gum. 

BASSWOOD,  Tilia  Americana. 

BASTARD,  Illegitimate. 

BATA,  Musa  Paradisiaca. 

BATATA  DE  PURGA.  The  Brasilian  and 
commercial  name  of  the  purgative,  feculent,  and 
gum-resinous  roots  of  two  plants  of  the  family 
Convolvulaceae,  the  one  called  Jeticucn,  Meehoa- 
can,  Cuti vol' villas  mechoacan'na,  the  Piptoste'gia 
Piso'm's  of  Von  Martiusj  the  other  Con  vol' villus 
opercula'tus,  the  Ipom&'a  seu  Piptoste'gia  oper- 
cula'ta  of  Von  Martius. 

BATA'TAS.  The  inhabitants  of  Peru  gave 
this  appellation  to  several  tuberous  roots,  espe- 
cially to  Convolvulus  Batatas  or  Sweet  Potato. 
Our  word,  Potato,  comes  from  this.  See  Solanum 
tuberosum. 

BATEMAN'S  PECTORAL  DROPS,  see  Pec- 
toral Drops,  Bateman's. 

BATERION,  Bathron. 

BATES'S  ALUM  WATER,  Liquor  aluminis 
compositus  —  b.  Anodyne  Balsam,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii  —  b.  Camphorated  Water,  Lotion, 
camphorated,  of  Bates — b.  Collyrium,  see  Lotion, 
camphorated,  of  Bates. 

BATH,  Anglo-Saxon  baS,  Bal'neum,  Bala- 
ne'um,  Baline'um,  Loutron,  (Old  Eng.)  Baine, 
(F.)  Bain.  Immersion,  or  stay,  for  a  longer  or 
shorter  duration,  of  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the 
body,  in  some  medium,  as  water.  Act  of  plung- 
ing into  a  liquid,  sand,  or  other  substance,  in 
which  it  is  the  custom  to  bathe,  Plunge  Bath. 
Also,  the  vessel  in  which  the  water  is  put  for 
bathing.  Also,  a  public  or  private  establishment 
for  bathing.  The  common  water-bath,  used  for 
h}'gienic  as  well  as  for  therapeutical  purposes,  is 
the  Bain  sitn])le  ou  hygienique  of  the  French. 

In  Pharmacy,  a  vessel,  placed  over  a  fire,  and 
filled  with  any  substance,  into  which  another 
vessel  is  placed,  containing  matters  for  digestion, 
evaporation,  or  distillation.. 

Bath,  Acid,  Bal'neum  ac'fidum  (Acid,  muriat. 
Ibij  ;  Aquce  cong.  lxvi.  One  half,  one  third,  or 
one  fourth  the  quantity  of  acid  is  more  frequently 
employed.) 

Bath,  Acid,  Scott's,  see  Scott's  Acid  Bath  — 
b.  Air,  hot,  see  Bath,  hot  —  b.  Air,  warm,  see 
Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Al'kaline,  Bal'neum  alkali' num.  This 
may  be  made  of  half  a  pound  or  a  pound  of  pearl- 
ash  or  of  carbonate  of  soda,  to  sixty-six  gallons 
of  water. 

Bath,  An'imal,  Balneum  anirna'le,  consists  in 
wrapping  an  animal  recently  killed,  or  its  skin, 
around  the  body,  or  some  part  of  it. 

Bath,  Antipsor'ic,  Bal'neum  antipso'ricum. 
Recommended  in  cases  of  itch  and  other  cuta- 
neous diseases.  (Potass,  sulphur  et.  £iv,  Aquce 
cong.  lx.) 

Bath,  Antisyphilit'ic,  Bal'neum  antisyphilit'- 
icum,  llercu'  rial  bath.  Made  by  dissolving  from 
two  drachms  to  an  ounce  of  the  corrosive  chloride 
of  mercury  in  sixty  gallons  of  water. 


Bath,  Arm,  Brachilu'vium.  A  bath  for  the  arm. 

Bath,  Cold,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Cool,  see  Bath, 
hot. 

Bath,  Dry,  is  one  made  of  ashes,  salt,  sand, 
&c.  The  ancients  used  these  frequently  for  the- 
rapeutical purposes. 

Bath,  Earth,  Arenatio. 

Bath,  Elec'tric,  (F.)  Bain  elcctrique,  consists 
in  placing  the  person  upon  an  insulated  stool, 
communicating,  by  a  metallic  wire,  with  the 
principal  conductor  of  the  electrical  machine  in 
action.  The  Electric  Bath  produces  general  ex- 
citement of  all  the  functions,  and  especially  of 
the  circulation  and  secretions. 

Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Pied, 
a  bath  for  the  feet. 

Bath,  Gelat'inous,  Bal'neum  gelatino'sum. 
Made  by  dissolving  two  pounds  of  gelatin  or  glue 
in  a  gallon  of  water.  A  gelatino-sulphurous  bath 
may  be  made  by  adding  a  pound  of  glue,  previ- 
ousl)''  dissolved  in  water,  to  the  sulphur  bath. 

Bath,  General,  (F.)  Bain  Entier,  is  one  in 
which  the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the 
head;  in  contradistinction  to  the  partial  bath, 
Merobalane' um,  MerobaV  neum. 

Bath,  Half,  Semicu'pium,  Excathis'ma,  lu- 
ces'sio,  Inces'sus,  is  one  adapted  for  half  the  body. 
One,  for  receiving  only  the  hips  or  extremities,  is 
also  so  called. 

The  Sitz-bath,  (G.)  Sitzbad,  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  tub  of  cold  water,  in  which  the  patient 
sits  for  a  variable  period. 

Bath,  Hand,  Manulu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Main 
ou  Manuluve,  is  a  bath  for  the  hands. 

Bath,  Head,  Capitilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Tete 
ou  Capitiluve,  a  bath  for  the  head. 

Bath,  Hip,  Coxcelu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Fau- 
teuil,  Bain  de  Siege,  is  one  in  which  the  lower 
part  of  the  trunk  and  upper  part  of  the  thighs 
are  immersed. 

Bath,  Hot,  Balneum  Cal'idum,  Zestolu'sia, 
(F.)  Bain  chaud,  is  a  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  98°  and  upwards;  the  Warm  Bath 
from  92°  to  98°;  the  Tepid  Bath,  (F.)  Bain 
Tiede,  Balneum  tep'idnm,  from  85°  to  92°  ;  the 
Temperate  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  tempere,  from  75° 
to  85°;  the  Cool  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  frais,  from 
60°  to  75°;  the  Cold  Bath,  Balneum  frig' idnm, 
Frigida'rium,  (F.)  Bain  froid,  Bain  tres  froid, 
(of 'some,)  from  30°  to  60°;  and  the  Vapour 
Bath,  Balneum  vapo'ris,  (F.)  Bain  de  Vapeur, 
Etuve  Humide,  from  100°  to  130°,  and  upwards. 
See  Vaporarium.  A  Warm  Air  Bath,  or  Hot 
Air  Bath,  consists  of  air  the  temperature  of 
which  is  raised. 

Bath,  Med'icated,  Balneum  Medica'tum,  (F.) 
Bain  medicinal,  is  a  bath,  formed  of  decoctions 
or  infusions  of  vegetable  substances,  or  of  any 
ingredient,  introduced  into  the  water  for  thera- 
peutical purposes. 

Bath,  Mercurial,  Bath,  antisyphilitic —  b. 
Nitro-muriatic  acid,  Scott's  acid  bath — b.  Plunge, 
see  Bath. 

Bath,  Sand,  Balneum  Are'nce,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Sable,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  sand,  and 
placed  over  the  fire.  Into  this  vessel,  the  one  is 
put  which  contains  the  substance  to  be  evapo- 
rated.    See  Psammismus. 

Bath,  Sea,  Balneum  mari'num,  (F.)  Bain  de 
mer.     A  sea-water  bath. 

Bath,  Shower,  Implu' 'vium,  Hydroco'ninm,  is 
one  in  which  the  water  is  made  to  fall  like  a 
shower  on  the  body.     See  Douche. 

Bath,  Sitz,  see  Bath,  half. 

Bath,  Steam,  may  be  formed  by  introducing 
steam  into  a  properly  closed  vessel  in  place  of 
water,  as  in  the  water  bath. 

Bath,  Succession,  Transit" ion  bath.    A  term 


CAT  II 


121 


EAURAC 


applied  to  the  rapid  succession  or  transition  from 
a  cold  to  a  warm  or  hot  bath,  or  conversely. — 
Bell. 
Hath.  Sulphite,  Bal'neum  Sulph'uria,  & 

A  bath  much  used  in  psora,  and 

oilier  rhronia  cutaneous  affections.     It  may  be 

Composed  of  two  ounces  of  diluted  sulphuric  aeid. 

and  eight  ounce*  of  solphnret  of  potassium  added 

:   or  simply  of  the  sulphurct  of  po- 

l   .     •    'Mil. 

.  Sclphub  Vapour,  see  Sulphuroo 

:.  Tan.  Ail  astringent  bath,  prepared.  ;it 
times,  by  bulling  two  or  three  handfuls  ol 
oak. bark, — such  as  is  nsed  by  tanners  —  in  two 
or  three  quarts  of  water,  for  half  an  hoar,  and 
:  the  decoction  to  the  water  of  the 
Lath. 

Bath,   TbmpbrJlTB,  see  Bath,  hot  — h.  Tepid. 
.  Transition,  Bath,  succession  — 
8    Bath,  hot,  and  Vaporarium  —  b. 
Warm,  Bee  Bath, 

.   Water,    Balneum  Mar*ia  sen    Maria, 
tin  Marie,  in  chemistry,  consists  of  a  ves- 
sel filled  with   boiling   water,  or  salt   water,  in 
which  the  vessel  is  placed,  that  contains  the  sub- 
Btance  to  be  evaporated. 

Bathing  is  much  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
The   cold   hath,  especially  the   cold   sea 
bath,  is  a  sedative  and   indirect  tonic:    the  warm 
relaxant;  and  the  hot  hath  a  stimulant. 
regular  use  of  the  hath  is  extremely  con- 
ducive to  health  :  hut  if  too  much  indulged  in,  i: 
injurious  effie  ■■  -. 
BATH     VLU  M    B  l>  11 1  N  (i  S,   see  Virginia. 
Miner:.!  Wal 

I  H.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Aqua 
Batko'nia  vel  Bad'iza,  Aqua  Solia,  Aqua  Bad'- 
igua.  Celebrated  thermal  springs  at  Bath,  in 
England.  They  contain  hut  little  impregnation, 
and  are  chiefly  indebted  to  their  temperature, 
from  11J°  to  117°  Fahrenheit,  for  their  utility. 
The  main  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
lime,  protoxide  of   iron,  free  carbonic   acid  and 

rs  are  employed  in  the  most  hetc- 
rogene  rviceable  where  the 

simple  thermal  Bprings  are  indicated,  as  in  rheu- 
matism, paralysis, 

BATB    SPRINGS,   in   Berkley  County.   Vir- 
ginia, irbonated  water:  temperature 
r.     It  i<  a  useful  bath  in  cutaneous  affec- 
■  ■  contain  some  of  the  - 
linn-  and  magnesia. 

BA'THER,  same  etymon;   Balnea'riue,  Bali- 

•■  a'tor,    |  F.)    Baigneur.      One    who 

bathes.     Anciently,  the  name  was  given  to  those 

that   administered   baths   to  the  diseased,-— the 

the   French.      At  the  present  day.  in 

remote  districts  in  Germany,  the  country  people 

call  their  medical  practitioners  B&der  or  'bath- 

h  eeren  or  'army  bar 

Hath. 

BATHMIS,    lint),,,,,;-.  '.port.'      The 

cavity  of  a  b  me,  which  receives  the  eminence  of 

another;  and  especially  the  two  Foaaettea  at  the 

inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  into  which  the 

i  •  s  of  the  ulna  are   received,  during  the 

flexion  and  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

BATHRON,   Unthn mi  Hippoc'rati*,  Scamnum 
Hippnc' rati*,   Bate' Hon,   'a  Btep,  a  ladder. 
lh,„<  d'Hlppocrate.     An  instrument,  used  for  the 
extension  of  a  limb,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion.    The  des  'ription  of  it  is  found  in  I 
Oribn  \\n >tus,  with  a  figure. 

BATHRUM   HIPPOCRATIS,  Bathron. 
BATIA,  Retort. 
BATLSSE,    MINERAL   WATERS   OF.    Ba- 


three  leagues  from  Clermont,  in  France. 
The    water   is    tepid,  and    contains    subcai 
and  sulphate  of  so, la.  Milphatcs  of  lime  and  iron, 

muriate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

B  '.  i  OS,  Rubus  rdseus. 

BATRACH1  S,  Ran u la. 

B  '.  1  rALISM'US,  Battarie'mue,  from  fiamot- 
£a»<.  'to  Btammer.'    Balbuties.    Stammerii 
incapacity  t->  pronounce  I 

BATT'ALUS,  Bat'tarva,  same  etymon.  A 
stammerer,  a  stutterer. 

BATTARISMUS,  Battalismus. 
!  MM "S.  Battalus. 

BATTATA  VIRGINIANA,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

BATTE3fENS  DOUBLES,  see  Bruit  du 
Caur  foetal 

BATTEMENT,  Pnlsation. 

BAUDRICOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Baudricourt  is  a  town  of  Fiance,  two  leagues 
and  a  half  from  Mirecourt.  The  waters  are  sul- 
phureous. 

BAUDRUCHES,  Condom. 

BAUHIN,  VALVE  OP,  Valve  of  Tui/pius, 
V.  of  Fallo'ph  s.  F.  of  Varo'i  tus, 
Valve,  Ileo-colic  Valve,  Val'vula  llei,  Val'vula 
Goli,  V.  Gad,  Operculum  llei,  Sphincter  lUi. 
This  name  is  given  to  the  valve  situate  trans- 
versely at  the  place  where  the  ileum  open.-  into 
im,  and  which  Bauhin  says  be  discovered 
at  Paris,  in  1759.  It  had.  however,  been  pre- 
viously described  by  several  anatomists;  as  by 
Vidus  Vidius,  Postius,  etc. 

BAUME,  Balsam— 6.  d'Ader,  Balsam,  chaly- 
beate—  b.  d'AiguilUa,  Balsam,  chalybeate  —  b. 
(TAmirique,  see  Toluifera  balsamum  —  b.  Apo~ 
plectique,  Balsam,  apoplectic — b.  d'Areoua,  Ar- 
CSBUS,  balsam  of;  see,  also,  Balsam  of  An 
i>.  (/'Arc' us,  Unguentum  elemi  com posi turn  — 
A.  Aromatique,  Balsam,  aromatic  — o.  Benjoin, 
Benjamin — b.  Blanc,  see  Amyris  Opobalsamum — 
b.  du  BrSeil,  Copaiba — b.  de  Canada,  Bee  Pinus 
balsamea  —  b.  de  Oannelle,  Lauras  oinnamomnm 
—  b.  de  Carpathie,  Balsam  of  Carpathia —  b.  de 
Carthaglne,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  • 
etantinople  blanc,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b. 
dt  Copahu,  Copaiba — b.  Cor di ale  de  Sennerte, 
Balsam,  cordial,  of  Sennertus— b.  d'Eau  d  /'- millea 
ridiea,  Mentha  crispa— 6.  de  Feuillet,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Meta — b.  de  Fioraventi  apiritueuae,  Bal- 
sam.  spirituous,  of  Fioraventi — b.  de  Fourcroy  on 
de  Laborde,  Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  Laborde  —  b. 
dee  Funeraillea,  Asphaltum  —  b.  de  Galaad,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  tic  Geneviive,  Balsam 
of  (ienevicve  —  b.  Grand,  Tanacetum  balsamita 
— b.  du  Grand  ('aire,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
— b.  Hydriodate",  Balsam,  ioduretted — b.  11 
que,  Balsam,  Hypnotic  —  /,.  Hyatirique,  Balsam, 
hysteric— 6.  dea  hides,  see  Myroxylon  Peraiferam 
—b.  fodurS,  Balsam,  ioduretted  —  //.  dea  .hud l,,*, 
.Mentha  viridis— 6.  de  Lneatel,  Balsam,  Lucntelli's 
— b.  Ma  andra — b.de  Mot 

phaltum— 6,   Nervin,    Balsam,    nervous  —  b.  de 
Perou,aee  Myroxylon  Peraiferam— 6.  rf<    - 
Thomas,  see  Toluifera  balsamum—/,.  du  Soman- 
tain,  lJalsam  of  the  Samaritan — b.  Saxon,  !.. 
Saxon  — 5.  de  Suufre,  Balsam  of  Bulpl  ur 
Sympathie,  Balsam  of  .sympathy—/,.  TranquilJe, 
Balsam,    tranquil  —  b.  de     To  dfera 

balsamum  —  b.  de  Vanille,  Vanilla- 
Fagaraoctandra— 6.  Vertdt  Metx,  Balsam, green, 
;.    •    Vu   tt Hoffmann,  Balsam  of  Life, 
:ann  —  b.  de    Vu    de  Leliivre,  Tinctura 

mposita  — O.    Vrai,    see    Amyris    opobal- 
samum—//. Vulnerairt  de  Minderer,  Balsam,  vul- 
nerary,  of  Mindereras. 
'7/7,'.  Bali 
BA1  !;'■'.  (Arab.)    Nitre,  or  salt  in  general. 
From  this  word  comes  Borax. 


BAURIN 


122 


BEDFORD 


BAURIN",  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baurin 
is  a  village  four  leagues  from  Roye,  department  of 
Sera  roe.     The  waters  are  strongly  chalybeate. 

BA  VE  (¥.),  Sali'va  ex  orefluena,  Spuma,  Hu- 
mor Sali'vita.  Frothy,  thick,  viscid  saliva,  issu- 
ing from  thy  mouth.  This  drivelling  or  slaver- 
ing,  we  see  in  children,  old  people,  Ac.  The  term 
is,  also,  applied  to  the  frothy  liquid,  which  flows 
from  the  mouth  of  rabid  animals.  Sauvages  uses 
it  synonymously  with  salivation. 

JIA  VEUX,  Baveuse,  an  epithet,  occasionally 
applied  by  the  French  to  the  spongy  flesh  of  a 
wound,  which  suppurates,  and  exhibits  but  little 
tendency  to  heal. 

BAY,  CASTOR,  Magnolia  glauca  — b.  Rose, 
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum  —  b.  Rose,  Ame- 
rican, Rhododendron  maximum — b.  Sweet,  Lau- 
rUs  —  b.  White,  Magnolia  glauca  and  M.  macro- 
phylla. 

BDALSIS,  Sucking. 
BOELLA.  Hirudo. 

BDEL'LTUM,  My-rrha  imperfecta,  Bolchon, 
Madeleon,  Balchux.  A  gum- resin,  brought  from 
the  Levant  and  India,  and  supposed  to  be  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  Amyris,  little  known. 
It  is  solid,  brittle,  of  a  deep  brown  colour,  of  an 
acrid  and  bitter  taste,  and  sweet  odour.  It  was 
much  vaunted  by  the  ancients,  but  is  now  little 
employed.  Two  different  gum-resins  have  been 
in  the  shops,  distinguished  by  the  names  Indian 
and  African  bdellium.  Dr.  Royle  was  informed 
that  the  former  was  obtained  from  Am'yris  Com- 
miph'ora,  growing  in  India  and  Madagascar. 
The  latter  is  said  to  be  from  Heudelo'tia  Afri- 
ca'na,  which  grows  in  Senegal. 

BDELLOM'ETER,    from    /?<kAXa,    'a   leech,' 
(fitieWu),  '  I  suck,')  and  ytcTpov,  '  measure.'    An  in- 
strument, proposed  as  a  substitute  for  the  leech  ; 
inasmuch  as  we  can  tell  the  quantity  of  blood  ob- 
tained by  it,  whilst  we  cannot  by  the  leech.     It 
consists  of  a  cupping-glass,  to  which  a  scarifica- 
tor and  exhausting  syringe  are  attached. 
BDELLUS.  Fart. 
BDELYGMIA,  Fart. 
BDELYGMUS,  Fart. 
BDESMA,  Flatulence. 
BDOLUS,  Fart. 

BEAD  TREE,  Melia  Azedaraeh. 
BEAL.  Phlegmon,  to  Suppurate. 
B HALING,  Pregnant. 

BEAN,  CARTHAGENA,  Habilla  de  Cartha- 
gena — b.  Egyptian,  Nymphrea  nelumbo  —  b. 
French,  Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Garden,  com- 
mon, Vieia  faba — b.  Indian,  Catalpa — b.  Kidney, 
Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Malacca,  Avicennia  to- 
mentosa  —  b.  Pontic.  Nymphaea  nelumbo — b. 
Red,  Abrus  precatorius  —  b.  Sacred,  Nelumbiurn 
luteum  —  b.  St.  Ignatius's,  Ignatia  amara —  b. 
Tonka,  Dipterix  odorata  —  b.  Tree,  Catalpa  —  b. 
Tree,  white,  Crataegus  aria. 

Bkan  Trkfotl  Tree,  see  Cytisine. 
B BARBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 
BEARD.    (Sax.)  bearit),    (G.)  Bart.,  Barba, 
Pogou,   Genei'on,  Barbi'tiam,   (F.)  Barbe.     The 
hair  which  covers  a   part  of  the  cheek,  the  lips, 
and  chin  of  the  male  sex,  at  the  age  of  puberty. 

BEAR'S  BREECH,  Acanthus  mollis— b.  Foot, 
Helleborus  foetidus  —  b.  Fright,  Heptallon  gra- 
veolens — b.  Grass,  Yucca  filamentosa — b.  Whor- 
tleberrv.  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BEAR  WE  ED,  Veratrum  viride. 
BEASTINGS,  Colostrum. 
BEASTLINGS,  Colostrum. 
BEATING  OF  THE  HEART,  see  Heart. 
BEAUGENCY,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Beaugency  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Orleans. 
The  waters  contain  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron, 
magnesia,  and  lime.    They  are  tonic  and  aperient. 


BEAUMONT  ROOT,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

BE AUVA1S,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  chalybeate.  Beauvais  is  in  Picardie, 
France. 

BEAVER,  Castor  fiber—  b.  Wood,  Celtis  occi- 
dentalis,  Magnolia  glauca  —  b.  Tree,  Magnolia 
glauca,  M.  macrophvlla. 

BEBEERIA,  see  Bebeeru. 

BEBEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BEBEERU,  Stpeeri.  A  tree  of  British  Gui- 
ana, which  yields  two  alkalies — Bebeeriue,  Bebee'- 
rina,  Bebee'iia  or  Biberine,  and  Sipeerine ;  and 
in  its  properties  resembles  the  Cinchonas.  It  has 
been  referred  to  Nectan'dra  Rodiei.  Ord.  Lau- 
rineaa.  The  timber  of  the  tree  is  known  to  ship- 
builders by  the  name  bibiru  or  green -heart.  The 
Sulphate  of  Bebeeria  has  been  employed  in  inter- 
mittents.  Warburg's  Fever  Drops,  Tinctii'ra  au- 
tifebri'lis  Warbur'gi,  an  empirical  antiperiodic 
preparation,  have  by  some  been  considered  to  be 
a  tincture  of  the  seeds  of  the  Bebeeru,  but  this  is 
questionable. 

BEG,  (F.)  Rostrum,  Beak.  This  name  has  been 
applied  f>  various  parts. 

BEG  GORACO'JDIEN,  (F.)  Cor'acoid  beak,  is 
the  end  of  the  coracoid  process. 

BEG  BE  CUILLER,  Ham'uUut.  An  instru- 
ment used  for  the  extraction  of  balls.  It  consists 
of  an  iron  rod,  7  or  S  inches  long,  having  at  one 
extremity  a  small  cavity,  into  which  the  ball  is 
received  to  be  drawn  outwards.  See  Cochleari- 
formis. 

BEG  DE  GRUE  MUSQUE,  Geranium  Mos- 
chatum — b.  de  Grue  Robertin,  Geranium  Roberti- 
anum — b.  de  Lievre,  Harelip. 

BEG  DE  LA  PLUME  A  ECRIRE  (F.), 
Beak  of  the  Calamus  Scripfo'rius,  is  a  small  cavity 
at  the  superior  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
which  forms  part  of  the  4th  ventricle. 

BEC,  (Le.)  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bee 
is  six  leagues  from  Rouen,  in  Normandy.  The 
water  is  strongly  chalybeate. 

BECCABUNGA,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

EECHiESTHE'SIS,  from  M,  $r,Xos,  'cough/ 
and  atcrGnaig,  'sensation.'  The  excitement  or  de- 
sire to  cough. 

BECHIA,  Tussis. 

BECHIAS,  Tussis. 

BE'CIIICS,  Be'chicn,  Beclict,  Bec'chiea,  Bef- 
chita,  from  /?>;£,  0r)X°s>  '  cough,'  (F.)  Bechiques. 
Medicines  adapted  for  allaying  cough. 

BECHITA,  Bechic. 

BECHIUM,  Tussilago. 

BECHORTHOPNCEA,  Pertussis. 

BECUIBA,  Ibicuiba, 

BED,  HYDROSTATIC,  Water  bed — b.  Water, 
Arnott's,  see  Water  bed. 

BED'EGAR,  Bedeguar,  Bedeguard,  Spon'gia 
Cynos'bati,  Fungus  Rosa' rum,  F.  Cynos'bati,  (F.) 
Pomme  mousscuse,  Eponge  d'eglautier.  An  ex- 
crescence, which  makes  its  appearance  on  dif- 
ferent species  of  wild  roses,  and  which  is  pro- 
duced by  the  puncture  of  a  small  insect, —  Cy- 
nips  Roscb.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a 
lithontriptic  and  vermifuge,  but  is  not  now  used. 
It  was  slightly  astringent. 

BEDFORD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bed- 
ford is  a  village,  situate  on  the  great  Western 
Turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg,  a 
few  miles  east  of  the  chief  elevation  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  The  "  Springs"  are  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  from  the  village.  They  are  saline 
and  sulphureous.  The  most  celebrated  —  the 
"  Mineral  Spring"  or  "  Anderson's  Spring" — con- 
tains carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  chlo- 
rides of  sodium  and  calcium,  and  carbonate  of 
iron,  but  none  of  these  articles  in  great  quan- 
tity j  hence,  the  main  action  of  the  waters  is  diu- 


BEDLAM 


1  2  3 


BELL   METAL 


retic.     At  some  distance  from  the  - 
u  a  chalybeate  water:  and  about  10  mil 
of  Bedford,  at  Milliken's  >ng  sulphure- 

ous Bpring.     The  olimate  of  Bedfoi 

tie.     During   the    heat   of   sumta 
nights  ol.     In   the  mon 

July  1  \,  1853,  the  author  marked  the  thermome- 
ter, at  the  o'cl      ..  A.M.,  at  4,'>°.     Three  days 
•  er,  it  was  at  7t)°  at  the  same  hour. 

BEDL  \M.  M  irotrophium. 

BEDLAMITE,  I 

BEDSTRAW,  Galium  Terum— b.  Ladles, 
neater,  Qalium,  mollago,  Galium  veruin —  b. 
Rough,  Galium  asprellum — b.  Ladies,  rough, 
Galium  asprellum. 

'.  Melifta,  (P.)  AbeilU.     This  ins 
formerly  exhibited,  when  dried  and  powdered,  as 
a  diuretie. 

Bee  in  tiii:  lluwr.r,  see  Insanity. 

BEEBREAD,  Pr 

BEECH,  Fagua  sylvatica— b.  Drop.Orobanohe 
Virgin iana — b.  Drops,  false,  Hypopitya  lanugi- 

r  >spora  Andromedea. 

Bl  -vlvatica. 

BEEDY'S  V.\  ES,  Viola  tricolor. 

BEEF  !>  Beef  tea. 

Beef  Tux,  Jma  boot' hhtu.  An  infusion  of  beef, 
much  used  in  debilitating  maladies,  and  in  oon- 
nce.  It  may  be  made  as  follows:  Take 
two  pounds  and  a  half  of  lean  bee/:  cut  it,  in 
small  pieces,  into  three  parts  of  water  in  an  earthen 
pipkin  :  let  this  simmer,  hut  never  boil,  until  the 
liquor  is  consumed  to  a  pint  and  a  half:  then 
strain    carefully.      It  ought  to    he   entirely  free 


tonic    and 

- 


from  fat  or  grease.— Dr.  E.  J.  Seymour, 

beef— tut  it  has  been  called— may  be 

made  by  putting  a  pound  of  good  beef,  freed  from 
fat.  and   cut   into  small  pieces,  into  a  porter-bot- 
tle, corking  lightly.     The  bottle  must  be  put  into 
_  water,  and  kept  there  until  the  water  has 
g  at  lea.-t  half  an   hour.     As  the  boil- 
.    the   cork   may  be   inserted    a   little 
more  tightly,  to  retain  the  contents  of  the  bottle, 
are   thus  separated,  and 
.'  which   may  lie  seasoned 
to  r-"    taste.      I-  contains  much  nutriment. 
BEEN,  Centaurea  lichen. 

BEER,  (Yrevisia  —  b.  Blaok,  see  Falltranck— 
Chowder  —  b.  Pipsissewa,   see 
Pyroia  umbcllata. 

Beer,  Jews',  See  Pinus  pylvestris— b.  Springs, 
see  Water.  Mineral  (gaseous.) 

Beer,   Sp  -,;h>   may  be 

prepared  as  follows.  Take  of  /.'-..  ,, ,  of  Spruce, 
half  a  pint;  Pimento,  bruised:  Ginger,  bruised; 
Hppe,  of  each,  four  ounci  three  gallons! 

Boil   for  five  or  ten    minutes;   strain,  ami 

•    gallons;   yeast,  a  pint:  mohxa- 
pints.  Mix  and  allow  to  ferment  fortwenty 
hours.      Used  as  an  agreeable  drink  in  summer.' 
.  T  vii,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Nostrum. 
STINGS,  Colostrum. 
BEBTLEWEED,  Galas  uphylla. 
BE  ,  UEMENT,  Balbuties. 

I'.l/.M  I.— according  to  some,  Bregma, from 

expectorate  after  oough- 
lu--  Coughing;  also,  the  ,-putum  or  expecto- 
rated matti  r.— Hippocn 

BEGO'Nl  \.      'I  a  grandiflo'ra  and 

•  have  astringent  roots,  which  are 
used  in  Peru  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  scurvy,  low 
fevers,  " 

BEiJUK,  Pal  bus. 


BEHEN  ABIAD,  Centaurea  behen  —  b.  Al 
bum,  Centaurea  behen—//.  Officinarum,  Cucu< 
balus  behen  —  b.  Rouge,  Statioe  limonium  —  b 
Vulgaris,  Cucubalus  behen. 

BEHMEN  ACKMAR,  Static*  limonium. 

BB1  IHALALEN,  Sempervivaoj  teetorum. 

BEIDELSAR,  Asclepias  procer*. 

BEIST,  Colostrum. 

BEISTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEISTYN,  Colostrum. 

BEJUIO,  Hal, ilh.  de  Carth  i 

BELA-AYE    ..r    BE-LAHE,      A 
astringent  bark  of  a  Madagascar  I 
Thonars   and  Sonnerat  think  it  may  be  substi 
tuted  for  the  Simarouba. 

BELADAMBOC.    A  -volvulus  of 

the  Malabar  coast,  which  contains  an  acrid  milkv 
juice.  From  this  a  liniment  is  formed  with  oil 
and  ginger,  which  is  used  against  the  bites  of 
rabid  animals. 

BE-LAHE,  Bela-aye. 

BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind  of  Scrfvola  of  the 
Malabar  coast,  the  haves  of  which  are  considered 
diuretie  and  emmenagogue. 

BELANDBE,  (F.)  A  litter,  surrounded  with 
curtains,  in  which  patients  are  sometimes  carried 
to  hospitals. 

BELCHING,  Eructation. 

BELD.  Athrix. 

BELEMNOID,  Belenoid. 

l.KbEMXOILESPllOCESSUS,  Styloid  pro- 

BEL'ENOID,  BEL'OXOID.  BEL'EMNOID 
orBEL'OID,  BeUnoVdea  or  BelemnoVdea  Pro- 
eee'ana,  from  jh\o;,  'an  arrow,'  and  urns,  'shape.1 
This  name  has  been  jriven  to  styloid  processes 
in  general — Proceanta  beleno'i'dea, 

BELESME,  see  Bellesme. 

BELESON,  Balsam,  Mussssnda  frondosa. 

BELILLA,  Mussssnda  frondosa. 

BELINUM,  Aidum  (Jraveolens. 

BELI  0CULU8,  Belloculus. 

BELL,  CANTERBURY,  Campanula  trache- 
Hum. 

BELLADONE,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADON'NA,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  the  officinal  name  of  the  leaves 
of  Atropa  Belladonna.  ' 

Pi:u..yi>onna  BACCIPBRA,  Atropa  belladonna— 
b.  Trichotoma,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADONNIN,  Atropine. 

BELLE-BLOME,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

BELLE  DAME,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLEGU,  Myrobalanus. 

BELLEREGI,  Myrobalanus. 

P  E  L  L  E  S  M  E,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Bellesme  is  about  three  leagues  from  Montague, 
in  Franco.     The  waters  are  chalybeate 

BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
waters  at  Belley,  department  of  Ain,  in  France, 
are  saline  aperients. 

BELLFLOWER,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus 

PELLIDOIDES,    Chrysanthemum    leueanthe- 
|  mum. 

BELLIS,  Bellua,  (<  pretty/)  Bettia  per  en' via 
sen  minor  sen  korten'aie,  Sym'phytum  min'imwn. 
wort,  Common  Dai  ay,  (So.)  Ewe-goumn, 
(Prow)  Baimworta,  (F.)  Paquerette  vivace,  petite 
Marguerite,  Ord.  Composites.  The  leai 
flowers  are  rather  aorid.  They  were,  al  onetime, 
considered  to  oure  different  species  of  wounds! 
mitopsis  asteriseoides. 

Bellis  Ib.iMi  sms  Bellis— b.  Major.  Chrysan- 
themum  leucan  them  urn  —  b.  Minor.   Bellis b. 

Perennis,  BeUis  —  b.  Pratenaia,  Chrysanthemum 
leucan  themum. 

BELLIT,  Athrix. 

BELL  METAL,  CVWo*,  (F.)  Airain,  Mital 
dc*  ciochc*.     An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin,  and  a 


BELLOCULUS 


124 


BEUBERIS 


small  quantity  of  antimony,  used  for  making 
bolls.  The  mortars  of  the  apothecary  are  often 
formed  of  this  material.  They  require  to  be  kept 
clean,  to  avoid  the  formation  of  verdigris. 

BELLOCULUS,  Beli  Oo'ulua.  A  kind  of  gem, 
which  the  Assyrians  considered  efficacious  in  the 
cure  of  many  diseases.  They  imagined  that  the 
figure  of  an  eye  could  be  seen  in  it,  and  hence  its 
name,  Bel's  Eye,  from  the  god  Bel. 

BELLON,  Colic,  metallic. 

BELLOTAS,  see  Ilex  major. 

BELLOWS'  SOUND,  Bruit  de  soufjlet  —  b.  s. 
Encephalic,  see  Bruit  de  soufflet. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Funic,  a  single  murmur  of 
the  bellows  kind,  synchronous  with  the  first  sound 
of  the  heart;  heard  by  some  observers,  and  re- 
ferred by  them  to  diminished  calibre  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  either  by  pressure  or  stretching 
of  the  funis,  or  both. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Placental,  Bruit  placen- 
taire. 

BELLWORT,  SMALLER,  Uvulariaperfoliata. 

BELLY,  Venter,  from  Ir.  bolg,  'the  belly,  a  bag 
or  pouch'  [?].  At  the  present  day,  the  abdomen. 
Formerly,  all  the  splanchnic  cavities  Were  called 
bellies  ;  —  the  lower  belly,  venter  in'fimus,  being 
the  abdomen;  the  middle  belly,  venter  me'dius, 
the  thorax  ;  and  the  upper  belly, venter  supre'mus, 
the  head.     Also,  the  womb.     See  Venter. 

BELLY-ACII,  Colica, 

Belly-ach,  Dky,  Colica  metallica. 

Beley-ach  Root,  Angelica  lucida. 

BELLY-BAND,  Belt,  Russian. 

BELLY-BOUND,  Constipated. 

BELLY-GOD.  Glutton. 

BELLY-HARM,  Colic. 

BELLY,  POT,  Physconia. 

BELLY-THRA.  Colic. 

BELLY-TIMBER,  Aliment. 

BE LLY-W ARK,  Colic. 

BELMUSCIIUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BELNILEG,  Myrobalanus. 

BELOID,  Belenoid. 

BELOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  processes. 

BELONE,  Needle. 

BELONODES,  Styloid. 

BELONOID,  Belenoid. 

BEL'S  EYE,  Belloculus. 

BELT,  RUSSIAN,  Ventra'le  —  vulgarly,  Belly  - 
band, — Abdominal  supporter.  Abroad  bandage 
applied  to  the  abdomen,  so  as  to  support,  and  make 
methodical  pressure  upon  it.  Different  forms  have 
been  termed  obstetric  binders,  utero-abdominal 
supporters,   &c. 

BELUL'CUM,  from  fcAo?,  'a  dart,'  and  'tA™, 
'I  draw  out.'  An  instrument  used  for  extracting 
darts  or  arrows.  Many  instruments  of  this  kind 
have  been  noticed  by  surgeons. —  Ambrose  Pare, 
Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente. 

BELZOE.  Benjamin. 

BELZOIM,  Benjamin. 

BELZOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BEN,  Guilandina  moringa — b.  of  Judaea,  Ben- 
jamin— b.  Nut,  Guilandina  moringa. 

B EX ATH,  Pustule. 

BENED1CTA  SYLVESTRIS,  Geum  rivale. 

BENEDICT  UM  LAXATIVUM,  Confectio 
sennas. 

BENEFICE  DE  LA  NATURE,  Beneficium 
natunc — b.  de  Ventre,  see  Beneficium  naturae. 

BENEFICIUM  NATU'R/E,  (F.)  Benefice  de 
hi  nature.  This  term  is  used  by  the  French  pa- 
thologists for  cases  in  which  diseases  have  got  well 
without  medical  treatment.  With  them,  Benefice 
de  nature,  or  B.  de  venire,  is  synonymous  also  with 
Alvi Projlu'vium  ; — a  spontaneous  diarrhoea,  often 
acting  favourably  either  in  the  prevention  or  cure 
of  disease. 

BENEL,  Croton  racemosum. 


BENEOLENS,  from  bene,  'well/ and  olere,  'to 
smell.'  Euo'des,  Snaveolens.  A  sweet-scented 
medicine,  as  gums,  &c. 

BENG,  Bangue. 

BENGALE  INDORUM,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGAL  ROOT,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGI,  Hyoscyamus. 

BENIGN',  Benig'nus,  Enctli'cs,  (F.)  Benin, 
Binigne.  Diseases  of  a  mild  character  are  so 
called  :  as  well  as  medicines  whose  action  is  not 
violent,  as  a  Benign  Fever,  Febris  benig'na  impu'- 
tris,  &o. 

BENIN,  Benign. 

BEN'JAMIN,  corruption  of  Ben'zoin,  Benzo'- 
inum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  B.  verum,  Assa  odora'ta  seu 
dulcis,  Benjui,  Benjuin,  Asa  or  Ben'jaoy,  Beujo'- 
inum,  Be/zoe,  Belzoim,  Ben'zoe,  Sty'racis  Bcnzo'- 
ini  Bal'samum,  Liquor  Cyreni'acus,  Croton  Ben- 
zol, Ben  of  Judce'a,  Acor  Benzo'inus,  Std  Ac"  idum 
seu  essentia'le  seu  volat'ile  Benzols,  (F.)  Benjoin, 
Baume  Benjoin,  Assa  donx.  A  resinous,  dry, 
brittle  substance,  the  concrete  juice  of  Styrotx 
Benzoin,  Arbor  Benivi,  Laurits  Benzoin,  of  Su- 
matra. The  odour  is  extremely  fragwnt,  and 
taste  slightly  aromatic.  It  is  principally  used 
for  the  preparation  of  the  acid  which  it  contains. 
It  is  also  employed  in  some  vulnerary  tinctures, 
and  as  an  expectorant.  Benzoic  Acid,  Ac" idum. 
Benzo' icum,  is  obtained  from  it  by  sublimation. 
The  purest  Benjamin  is  in  amygdaloid  masses: 
hence  called  (F.)  Benjoin  amygdalo'ide. 

Benjamin  Bush,  Laurus  benzoin. 

Benjamin,  Flowers  op,  Ben'zoic  Acid,  Ac"~ 
idum  Benzo' icum  seu  Benzoylicum,  Flores  Benzols 
seu  Benzo'ini,  Ac"idum  Benzo'ienm  per  sublima- 
tio'nem,  (F.)  Acide  Benzoique,  Fleurs  de  Benjoin. 
This  acid  exists  in  all  the  balsams,  but  chiefly  in 
Benzoin,  from  which  it  is  obtained  by  sublima- 
tion. It  is  in  vanilla,  canella,  the  urine  of  in- 
fants, and  of  herbivorous  animals.  Its  odour  is 
aromatic  and  fragrant;  taste  hot,  slightly  acidu- 
lous, and  agreeable.  The  crystals  consist  of 
white,  satiny  flakes,  slightly  ductile.  It  is  pro- 
bably stimulant;  and  has  been  used,  as  such,  in 
chronic  catarrh;  but  it  has  little  efficacy. 

BENJAOY,  Benjamin. 

BENJOIN,  Benjamin. 

BENJOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BENJUI,  Benjamin. 

BEN  MOENJA.  A  Malabar  tree.  An  alexi- 
pharmic  decoction  is  made  of  its  roots,  in  the 
country,  which  is  much  praised  in  cases  of  malig- 
nant fever.  Its  bark,  boiled  with  Calamus  aroma- 
ticus  and  salt,  forms  a  decoction  used  in  bites  of 
poisonous  serpents. 

BENNE,  Sesamum  orientale. 

BENNET,  HERB,  Geum  urbanum,  and  G. 
Virginian  urn. 

BENOITE,  Geum  urbanum  —  b.  Aquaiique. 
Geum  rivale  —  b.  des  Buisseaux,  Geum  rivale  — 
b.  de  Virginie,  Geum  Virginianum. 

BENZENE,  Benzole. 

BENZIN,  Benzole,  see  Anaesthetic 

BENZOATE  OF  AMMONIA,  Ammonia;  ben- 
zoas. 

BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

BENZOENIL,  Vanilla. 

BENZOIN,  Benjamin — b.  Odoriferum,  Laurus 
Benzoin. 

BEN'ZOLE,  Benzin,  Benzene,  Phene,  Hy'dru- 
ret  of  Phen'yle.  A  constituent  of  coal-gas  tar, 
obtained  by  distilling  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a  co- 
lourless, oleaginous  liquid,  of  agreeable  odour. 
Sp.  gr.  0*85.  The  vapour,  when  inhaled,  acts  as 
an  anaesthetic. 

BERBERINE,  see  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

BERBEKIS,  Oxyacantha  Galeni  —  b.  Cana- 
densis, see  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 


BERBIXE 


12o 


BEZOAR 


BERBINE,  Verbena  officinal*. 
BERCE,  Eleracleum  spondylium. 
BKB  EN  D  IROS,  Ocyinum  basUioum. 
BERENII  !•:.  Succinum. 
BERENK  l  I'M.  Potasses  i 
BE I  M,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BERGAMOT',    Berg  imot'ta,  (FA 

A  small  ora 
n  1  peculiar  odour.     From  its  rind  an  oil, 
iii  :  I'll.  I  lined,  which 

b  employed  as  a  perfume,  and  sometimes 
in  medicine.     See  Citrus  mella  r  sa. 

BER'IBERI,   Berih  'ria,  Syn'clonue    B 
ri<t.    FiiduMtf n' clonu*,   Paral'yeie    Ber'iberi,    from 
!  Singhalese  Is  I dch  signifies 

it  weakness.' 
This  w  said  to  be  Hindusthaai 

,  :l  theep. — Bontius.  1 1 v- ri  1  >^-r i  is  an  In- 
dian disease,  little  known  in  Europe.      1 

debility  and  tremors  of  the  Limbs, — some- 
times, indeed,  of  the  whole  body;  with  painful 
numbness  of  the  affected  parts,  4c: — the  patient 
walking  doubled,  and  imitating  the  movements 
of  sheep!     Some  authors  have  esteemed  it  rheu- 
matic; others,  paralytic;  others,  to  be  a  kind  of 
chorea.    It  is, almost  always,  incurable;  is  rarely 
and  is  treated  by  exercise,  stimulant  fric- 
times     called 
.     ut  this  would  seem  to  be  a  different 

COCCE,  Prunus  armeniaca. 

BERKLEY  SPRINGS,  see  Bath  Springs. 

B  Eli  1.  E  NO  VIFL  o  R  A'.  Sium. 

BERLUE,  Metamorpbopsia. 

tMU'DAS,  ( 'LI. MATE  OF.  Pulmonary 
invalids  are  occasionally  sent  to  Bermuda,  but 
the  principal  objection  to  a  winter  residence 
ther-'.  is  the  prevalence  of  strong  winds:  espe- 
cially of  the  dry,  sharp,  and  e<>ld  north -west 
winds,  during  the  winter  and  spring.  Still,  it 
affords  a  good  winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical, 
from  any  part  of  the  United  States,  provided  due 
care  be  selected  in  choosing  a  suitable  locality. 
The  neighbourhood  of  Hamilton  has  been  strongly 
recommended  with  this  view. 

BERN  \KI>  THE  HERMIT,  Cancellus. 

BERRIES,  INI'I  \X.  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culiir- — -b.  Turkey,  yellow,  see  Piper  cub 

BERS.     A  sort  of  electuary,  composed  ofpep- 
d  of  the  white hyoscyamus,  opium, euphor- 
bium.  saffron,  Ac.     The  Egyptians  used  it  as  an 
excitant. —  Prospero  Alpini. 

BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Beru  is 
in  Champagne,  France.  The  waters  are  slightly 
chalybeate. 

BERUL  \.  Siurn  nodiflorum  —  b.  Augustifolia, 
Sium  nodiflorum. 

BE  3  VS  \.  Ruta. 

BESICLES,  Spectacles. 

BESO/N,  Want—/.,  de  Reepirer,  see  "Want— 
-  i  rv  of  life. 

BESSANEM.  A  word  used  by  Avicenna,  for 
redn<  sa  of  the  skin,  limbs,  and  face,,  produced  by 
the  action  of  cold. 

BESSON, 

BESSONNE, 

BETA.     ]  SYc'ufo,  (P.)  Bette,  Bctte- 

Family,  Cheni  p<  Pentan- 

dria  Digynia.     A  genus  of  plants,  of  which  the 
following  are  the  chief  variel 

Bl  v  Hv'miiiiA.  Root  of  Scarcity.  Root  red, 
Outside;  white,  within.  Very  nutritive;  yields 
SiiLrar. 

Hi  tv  Vuloa'ris  Alba,  White  Beet.  The  root 
yields  Bugar,  and  the  !•  itea  a*  a  sub- 

stitute for  spinach. 

Hi  'v  Vulga/ris  Rubra,  Red  Beet.     B 
and  nutritive;  vields  a  small  quantity  of  sugar. 

BETAYN  E,  Betonica  officinalis. 


See  Gemellus 


BETEL,  Piper  B>t,l,  Chavica  betle.  A 
of  pepper,  cultivated  in   several  parts  of  India. 
The   East   [ndiana  are  in  the  habit  of  chewing 

the  have.-  with  lime  and  areca;  and  they  give 

the  name  Betel  to  this  preparation.     It  18  used  in 
all  the  equatorial  countries  of  Asia.    Betel  is  said 
to  be  tonic  and  astringent  It  is  also  called 
Bitrt .  />'■  tit .     See  Arena. 

BETHROOT,  Trillium  latifolium  —  b.  Broad- 
leaf,  Trillium  latifolium. 
/>/.".  Dementia. 

BJSTOINE,  Betonica  officinalis  — 6.  dee  Won- 
.  Arnica  m  on  tana — b.  (/<.«  Savoyai 
nica  montana. 

/;/•:'/'/ .V.  Colostrum. 

BETONICA  AQUATICA,  Scrophularia  aqua- 

Bbton'ica    Officii* a'i.is.    B.   pvrpu'rea,  Vet- 

ton'ica,    Ceetron,    Bet'ony,     Wood    Betony,  (Old 

Bng.)    Betayne,   Peychot'rophum,   Veroni'ca  pur- 

-   ./.  /•,   Labial.' 

Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  Betony  was  in  much 
esteem  amongst  the  ancients,  who  employed  the 
.  in  decoction,  in  gout, sciatica, 
cephalalgia,  4c.  It  was  so  called,  according  to 
Pliny, from  being  in  great  repute  among  the  Vet- 
tones  or  Bettones,  an  ancient  people  of  Spain. 
Antonius  Musa  is  said  to  have  written  a  volume 
in  praise  Of  it:  recommending  it  in  no  less  than 
■17  different  diseases.  It  has.  however,  lit 
no  virtue.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  aperient, 
and  the  root  emetic. 

IHICA  PAULI,  Veronica. 

BETONY,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  Paul's,  Ly- 
oopus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus,  Veronica  — 
b.  Water,  Scrophularia  aquatica — b.AVood,  Beto- 
nica officinalis. 

BETRE,  BeteL 

BETTE,  l 

BETTERA  YE,  Beta. 

BET'ULA  ALBA,  Si^uoVi.  The  Birch,  (Sc) 
Birk,  (P.J  Bouleau  cotntnitn.  Order,  Betulacess. 
The  young  1  slightly  odorous,   astrin- 

gent, and  bitter.  They  are  applied  to  wounds 
and  ulcers.  They  have  been  regarded  as  anti- 
scorbutic and  anthelmintic.  The  tree  furnishes 
a  saccharine  juice,  which  is  considered  antiscor- 
butic and  diuretic. 

Bbti  i. a  Emaroinata,  Alnus glutinosa — b.  Glu- 
tinosa,  Alnus  glutinosa. 

Betula  Lenta,  Sweet  Birch,  Black  Birch, 
Cherry  Birch,  3 fountain  Mahogany,  is  an  Ame- 
rican speciQ8,  the  bark  and  leaves  of  which  have 
the  smell  and  taste  of  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
An  infusion  is  sometimes  madeof  them, and  used 
as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic.  The  volatile  oil 
is  marly,  if  not  wholly,  identical  with  that  of 
Gaultheria. 

BEURRE,  Butter— 5.  de  Bambouc,  Butter. of 
banibouc  —  b.  de  Cacao,  Mutter  of  cacao  —  1>.  de 
utter  of  cocoa — b.  VigitaU,  Persea  gratis- 
sima. 

BEUVRIGNY,    MINERAL    WAT!'.: 
Beuvrigny  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Bayeux,  in  Nor- 
mandy.    The  water  is  chalybeate. 

BEVERAGE,  Drink. 

JlKYIi:.  Diplopia. 

BEX,  Tussis  b.  Convulsive,  Pertussis — b.  Hii- 
mida,  Expectoration — b.  Theriodes,  Pertui 

BEXIS,  T 

BEXD'GO.  Under  this  name,  a  purgative 
root  was  formerly  introduced  into  Europe  from 

Peru.  It  it  supposed  to  have  been  the  root  of  a 
Hippocratea. 

BE-Z'OAR,  Beu'aar,  Bet'ehard,  Pa'zahar,  from 
Persian  Pa,  'against,'  and  ;.<i/i>ir.  poison.  Lapis 
Bezoar'dicue,  Cal'cuiua  Bez'oar,  Enterot  ithuiBe- 
aoar'dut,  Bernard.   A  calculous  concretion,  found 


BEZOARD  D'ALLEMAGXE    126 


BICHO 


in  the  stomach,  intestine?,  and  bladder  of  ani-  ' 
mals.     Wonderful    virtue?    wore    formerly   attri- 
buted to  these  Bezoars.     There  were  two  great  j 
varieties:  the  Bez'oar  or ienta'le,  An'imal  Bezoar'-  , 
ticum  orienta'le,  formed  in  the  fourth  stomach  of  | 
the  gazelle  of  India  [Gazel'la  Tn'diea,  or  rather 
Antilo'pna  cervica'pra:)  and  the  Bez'oar  occiden- 
ta'le.  Animal   Bezoar' 'ticum  occidenta'le,  found  in 
the  fourth  stomach  of  the  wild  (/oat  or  chamois 
of  Peru.     These  substances  were  esteemed  to  be 
powerful  alexipharmies  :  but  the  former  was  the 
more  valued.      It  was  believed   that  no  poison, 
and  no  eruptive,  pestilential,  or  putrid  di.-ea?e. 
could  resist  its  influence.      As  so  many  virtues  J 
were  ascribed  to  it,  other  animal  concretions  were 
substituted  for  it;  and  factitious  Bezoards  were 
made  of  crabs'  eyes  and  claws,  bruised  and  mixed  j| 
with  musk,  ambergris,  &c. 

Bez'oar  Bovi'xum,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Bceuf,  Be-  \\ 
zoard  of  the  beef.     A  concretion  formed  in  the  || 
fourth  stomach  of  beeves ;  also,  a  biliary  calcu- 
lus found  in  the  gall-bladder. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Deer,  B.  of  the  Lach'rymal 
Fossa  of  the  Deer,  Deer's  Tears.  A  moist,  highly 
odorous,  fatty  matter,  found  below  the  anterior 
canthus  of  the  orbit  of  the  red  deer — Cervus  el'e- 
phas.  It  has  been  used,  like  castor,  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic, in  the  dose  of  from  5  to  15  grains,  two 
or  three  times  a  day. 

Bezoar  Equixum,  Bezoard  of  the  horse  —  b. 
Hystricis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine. 

Bez'oard  of  Cavmax.  This  was  once  much 
prized.     It  is  now  unknown. 

BEZOARD  D'ALLEJIAGXE,  .Egagropila. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Chamois,  and  B.  of  the  j 
Horse,  Bezoar  equi'num,  Hippol'ithus,  &c,  exhi-  I 
bit  their  origin  in  the  name. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Indian  Por'cupixe,  Bez'oar  ' 
Hus'tricis,  Lapis  Porci'nus  seu  Jfalncen'sis,  Petro  : 
del  Porco,   (F.)  Bezoard  de  Pore-Epic,  was  for-  ! 
merly  the  dearest  of  all  the  Bezoards.  and  was 
sold  at  an   enormous  price  in  Spain  and  Porta- 
gal. 

Bez'oard,  Mixeral,  Antimonium  diaphoreti-  ! 
cum — b.  Vegetable,  see  Calappite. 

BEZOAR'DIC,  Bezoar'dicus,  (F.)  Bezoardique; 
concerning  the  bezoard.  Bezoardic  medicines  are 
those  supposed  to  possess  the  same  properties 
with  the  bezoard:  as  antidotes,  alexiteria,  alexi- 
pharmics.  cordials. 

BEZOARDICA  RADIX,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva. 

BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'XI.  A  pharma- 
ceutical preparation,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as 
antihysteric.  It  was  formed  of  protoxide  of  lead, 
butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum    Huma'num.      Urinary    calculi 
were   formerly    employed   under   this   name    as  ! 
powerful  alexipharmics. 

Bezoar'dicum  Jovia'le.  A  sort  of  greenish 
powder,  used  as  a  diaphoretic,  and  formed  of  an- 
timony, tin,  mercury,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Luxa're.    A  medicine  formerly 
regarded  as  a  specific  in  epilepsy,  convulsions, 
megrim.  &c.     It  was  prepared  of  nitrate  of  sil-  , 
ver.  and  butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Martia'le.     A  tonic  medicine, 
used  by  the  ancients  in  diarrhoea.     It  was  pre- 
pared from  the  tritoxide  of  iron  and  butter  of  j 
antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum    Mercuria'le.      A    medicine,  > 
formerly  vaunted  as  an  antisyphilitic,  and  pre- 
pared from  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  butter 
of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Mixera'le  ;  the  deutoxide  of 
antimony ;  so  called  because  its  properties  were  j 
supposed  to  resemble  those  of  animal  bezoard. 

Bezoar'dicum  Sola're.    A  diaphoretic  medi- 


cine, prepared  of  gold  filings,  nitric  acid,  and 
butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicim  Yex'eris.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  employed  in  lepra,  diseases 
of  the  brain,  &e. :  which  was  made  from  filings 
of  copper,  butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

BHANG,  Bangue. 

BI,  as  a  prefix  to  words,  has  the  same  signi- 
cation  as  Di. 

BIAIOTIIAXATI,  Biothanati. 

BIBERIXE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BIB  IK  U,  Bebeeru. 

BIBITORIUS.  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BIBLIOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  from  (Si,3\iov, 
'a  book,'  and  ypadw,  'I  describe.'  A  description 
or  history,  or  skill  in  the  knowledge,  of  medical 
books.  The  most  distinguished  medical  biblio- 
graphers have  been:  J.  A.  Van  per  Linden, 
Amstelod.  1662,  octavo,  (L.)  M.  Lipemus, 
Francf.  ad  Mcex.  1679,  fol.  (L.)  G.  A.  Mepxk- 
leix.  Xorimb.  1686,  (L.)  J.  J.  Maxget.  Genev. 
1695  to  1731,  (L.)  Tarix  (anatomical).  Paris, 
1753,  (F.)  A.  vox  Haller,  Zurich,  1774.  <vc, 
(L.)  Vigiliis  vox  Cruetzenfeld  (surgical), 
Vindob.  1781,  (L.)  C.  G.  Kuhx,  Lips.  1791,  (L.) 
C.  L.  Schweikard  fanat..  phvs.,  and  legal  medi- 
cine), Stuttgard,  1796  to  1  S00.*(L.)  G.  G.  Plouc- 
quft.  Tubing.  1S0S  to  1S14,  (L.)  C.  F.  Bcrdach, 
Gotha,  lSl(fto  1S21,  (G.)  J.  S.  Ersch.  (since 
1750V  Leipz.  1S22,  (G.)  Th.  Ch.  Fr.  Enslix, 
(of  Germany,  since  1750.)  Berlin,  1S26,  (G.) 
J.  B.  Moxtfalcox,  Paris,  1327,  (F.)  J.  Forbes, 
M.D.,  F.R.S.,  London,  1835.  A.  C.  P.  Calli- 
sex.  Copenhagen,  1S45,  (G.)  E.  Morwitz,  Leip- 
zig. 1S49.  (G.) 

^BrCAUDALI?.  Retrahens  auris. 

BICAUDA'TUS.  Couda'tus,  from  hi,  and  cauda, 
'a  tail;'  'double-tailed.'  A  monster  having  two 
tails. 

BICEPHA'LIUM,  Dicepha'lium.  A  hybrid 
word,  from  hi  and  KtifxiXri,  'head.'  Sauvages  ap- 
plies this  epithet  to  a  very  large  sarcoma  on  the 
head,  which  seems  to  form  a  double  head. 

BICEPHALUS,  Dicephalus. 

BICEPS,  from  hi,  and  caput,  'head.'  That 
which  has  two  heads.  This  name  has  been  par- 
ticularly given  to  two  muscles :  one  belonging  to 
the  arm,  the  other  to  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Exter'xus  Mus'culus.  The  long  por- 
tion of  the  Triceps  Braehia'lis. — Douglas. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cruris.  B.  Cruris,  Biceps, 
(F.)  Biceps  Crural,  Biceps  Fern' oris,  Is'chio-fem'- 
oro-perouier — (Ch.)  A  muscle  on  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh  :  one  head  arising  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium,  and  the  other  from  a 
great  part  of  the  linea  aspera.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  fibula.  It  serves  to  bend  the  leg 
on  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cu'biti,  Biceps,  B.  Bra'chii 
seu  manus  seu  inter' nus  seu  inter' nus  hu'meri, 
Cor'aco-radia'lis,  (F.)  Scajjulo-radial,  (Ch.) — 
Biceps  Brachial.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior and  internal  part  of  the  arm:  extending 
from  the  edge  of  the  glenoid  cavity  and  from  the 
top  of  the  coracoid  process  to  the  tuberosity  of 
the  radius.  It  bends  the  fore-arm  upon  the  arm. 
,  BICHE  DE  MER,  Sea  Slug.  A  molluscous 
animal,  belonging  to  the  genus  Holothuria.  which 
is  caught  amongst  the  islands  of  the  Feejee  group, 
Xew  Guinea,  &c,  and  when  prepared  finds  a 
ready  sale  in  China,  where  it  is  used  as  an  ingre- 
dient in  rich  soups. 

BICHET,  Terra  Orleana. 

BICHICH'LE,  probably  corrupted  from  /?>/£, 
prjxog,  'cough.'  Pectoral  medicines,  composed 
of  liquorice  juice,  sugar,  blanched  almonds,  <kc. 
— Rhazes. 

BICHIOS,  Dracunculus. 

BICHO,  Dracunculus — b.  di  Culo,  Proctocace. 


Bicnos 


1  27 


bindwi:i;i> 


BICTIOS.     A  Portuguese  name  for  the  worms 
that  penetrate  the  I  >ple  in  the  I 

and  which  are  destroyed  by  the  oil  of  the  cashew 
nut. 

I  P'lTAL,  from  bicepa  (bi  an  1  caput),  'two 
bended.'     Relating  to  the  bi 

Bicii  lists  oo  Qouttilrt 

bicipital*,  Coulieee  kntnirale,  (Ch.,)  is  a  I 
dinal  groove,  litnate  between  the  tuberosities  of 
humeri,  which  Lodges  the  long  head  of  the 

biceps. 

p'lTAL    Tu'BBRCLB,    Bicipital    tuberoe'itu, 
,  ibirorili  l>iri/,;ru/.- .-   u   prominen 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius,  to  which  the 
of  the  biceps  is  attaehed. 
Bh  :  /'/:.  DitraehyceroB. 

S'Pl  l».  Bieuepida'tH*,  from  ///and  ctupie, 
•:.'     That  which  has   two  points  or  tuber- 

Bn  rs'pin    TbetB,    /'  tpida'ti,    (F.) 

The  small  molares.  See  Molar. 
BIDDY,  Pediculus. 

BIDENS  ACMELLA,  Spilanthua  acmeila, 
BIDET,     1".     Bidet;  pronounced  beeday.    A 

small    horse  formerly  allowed  to  each  trooper  for 
carrying  bis  Hence,  perhaps,  applied' 

to  a  chamber  bathing  apparatus,  which  has  to  be 
bestridden.     It  is  a  useful  arrangement,  in  ease 
of  hemorrhoids,  prolapsus,  ani,  affections  of  the 
sexual  orgai 
BIECHO,  Bische. 

WERE,  Cerevisia — I.  Midicinale,  see  Ccrevi- 
sia. 
BIESTIN  brum. 

BIFJiMORO-CALCANIEN,  GastrocnemiL 
BIFURCATION,    Bifurcn'tio,    from    bi    and 
furea,   «a   fork.'     Division    of  a   trunk   into    two 
branches ;    as    the    bifurcation   of   the    trachea, 
morta,  itc. 

BIG  Ml  \T>E,  see  Citrus  aurantiurn. 
BIG  ^8TBR,  Digastricus. 
BIGBBLLIBD,  Abdominous. 
BIG   BLOOM,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIGBONE,  see  Kentucky,  .Mineral  Waters  of. 
BIGP  PUNCHED,  Abdominous. 
BIGEMINAL  BODIES,  Quadrigemina  tuber- 
cul.i. 

HI'! CAR.     A  disease  of  Bengal,  remarkable 
for    the    intensity    and    danger    of    the    cerebral 
Ens.  —  Twining. 
BIG   I.I'  \F.  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIOLES,  see  Strabismus. 
BIGNO'Nl  \  CAPREOLA'TA,  /?.  erncig"era; 
indigenous.    The  root  and  plant  are  employed, 
irilla,  in   infusion   and   decoction,    in 
syphilis,  ehronic  rheumatism,  and   in   cachexia) 
ral. 

CATALPA,  Catalpa — b.  Crucigera,  B. 
oapre 

\iv  LVmCA.     The  leaves  are  employed 
i.  as  emollients,  to  ulcers. 

B,  Trumpet  tree.  A  South 
Ameri  of  whieh  is  the  surest  an- 

■  -•  the  manohineel. — Schleiden. 
;:  v  i .  i  *  -  im,  Teeoms  radieans — b.  Sem- 
. inum  oitidum. 
BIJ< >N.  see  Finns  syh 
i         [,  /     i   "imi  ferox. 
1Mb  \  i  1'  OF  ><>!>  \.  Picromel. 
BILATERAL  BYMMETRY,  see  Symmetry. 
BILAZAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  <>F.     Bila- 
uiee,  two  leagues  from  Thouar, 


!  Deux  Bdrres,  near  srb 


ther- 


i         ilphureous  spring.    Temperature  about  77° 
Fabrei 

BILBERRY,   Vaocinium    myrtillus— 1 .. 
Vaecinium  vitis  ids  a. 

BILE,  BUitk  Felt  Chol'oa,  Chole,  ChoUr,  (F.) 


Bile,  Fi>7.  A  yellow,  greenish,  riscid,  bitter, 
nauseous  flu  .  by  the  lii  er.     \ 

tinguished  into  hepatic  and  cyatic;  according  as 

it  flows  immediately  into  the  duodenum  from  the 
iiv'-r   or  from    the   gall-bladder.      It  cot, tain-,  ac- 
cording   to    Muratori,    water;    a    peculiar   fatty 
matter;  colouring  matter    Cholepyr'rhin  ■ 
jilicr'iii,   Mai  la  Bile 

combined  with  so, la;  picromel  or  bilin; 
of  flesh,  mucus;  soda,  phosphate  oi 

phate  of  lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

The  use  of  the  bile  i-  to  remove  from  ti 
superfluous  bydro-carbon ;  and  it  is  probably  in- 
at  to  useful  purposes  in  digestion. 

BlLB,    Furunculus —  b.  Black.  Atrabilis —  b.  de 

/Inn/,    see    Bil< /'.    L'> /,'int/n,  ,    l,-t-'l'US. 

Bll  I   01  i  BI  Bl  \!:.  Qall  of  !  I  Urai, 

was  thought  to  be  anti-epileptic:  and  that  of  the 
Eel,  t'-l  anguil'la,  to  facilitate  labour. 

BlLB  of  mi:  <>x.  Gall  of  th,  Ox,  0  Qall,  /'</ 
Tauri  sen  Bovie  seu  Bovi'num,  (P.)  Bile  ou  Fiel 
on  Aster  de  /;■,  m/,  was  once  reputed  oosmetia  and 

rt.   anti-otalgic    and   « mmei 
well  as  to  possess  the  power  of  facilitating  labour. 
It   has   also  been  given  as  a  bitter  stomachic  and 
anthelmintic;    and   as  a  tonic  and   laxative,  in 
deficiency  of  the  biliary  secretion. 

Bn.K  09  Tin:  Swim:.  Bilia  porci'na,  inspic 
has   been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  bile  of 
the  ox. 

BIL'IARY,    Bilia'ris,    Bih'a'riue,    Fel'leue, 

(P.)  Biliaire.      That  which  relates  to  Idle. 

BlL'lABY  ApPARA'TDS,   /!.  organ;   ll.   /, 
The  collection  of  parts   that  concur  in  th< 
tion   and   excretion   of  bile  —  viz..  the   liver,  pori 
biliari   or   tnbuli   biliferi;    hepatic,   cystic,   and 
choledoch  ducts,  and  gall-bladder. 

Bll/lARY  CONCRE'TIONS  are  concretions  found 
in  some  parts  of  the  biliary  apparatus. 

Biliary  Pitts.  Fori  biliarii. 

BILIEUX,  Bilious. 

BILIA'TION,  Bilia'tio;  from  bilit,  'bile.' 
The  excretion  of  bile;  as  urination  means  the 
excretion  of  urine. 

BILIPUL'VLNEj  from  bilia,  'bile/  and/W- 
tnu,  'reddish  yellow.'     The  colouring  matter  of 
of  the  ox. — Berzelius. 

BILIMBI,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIMBING  TERES,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIN,  Picromel. 

BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'aue,  Chol'icva,  Chol'ine,  FeU 
lin'eua,  Epich'oloa,  Picroch'oloa,  Fel'leua,  (F.) 
Bilieux;  from  bilia,  'bile.'  That  which  relates 
to  bile,  contains  bile,  or  is  produced  by  bile.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  constitutions  and  disi 
which  are  believed  to  be  the  effect  of  superabun- 
dance of  the  biliary  secretion;  as  Bilious  tempe- 
rament, B.  eymptoma,  />'.  fever. 

BI  LIP  IFF.  IX.  Bee  Bile. 

BILIS   FLUXIO,  Cholera  morbus. 

BILITICUS,  Cholagogue. 

BILITERD'IN,  from  bilia,  'bile,'  and  viridia, 

'green.'  On  adding  an  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
yellow  colouring  matter  of  bile,  a  precipitate  of 
green  flocouli  takei  place,  which  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  chlorophyll,  or  the  green  colouring 
matter  of  leaves.     This  U  the  biliverdin  of  Ber- 

zelius. 

BILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  >.     Pflllna, 
BILOCUL  \i;.  see  Unilocular. 
BILUMB]  BITING-BING,  Mains  Indies. 
HI   MAN  US,    from    bi    and    inn  mi",    'a    hand.' 
Hue  that  baa  two  bands.     A  term  applied  only 

to  man.  because  he  is  the  tnle  maminiferous   ani- 
mal thai  bands. 
BINDER,  Bandage. 

BINDERS,  OBSTETRIC,  see  Belt,  Rust 
BINDWEED,   Polygonum  aTiculare— b.  Fid- 
dledcaved,   Convolvulus  panduratus  —  b.   Great, 


BIXDWOOD 


128 


BISMUTH 


Convolvulus    senium —  b.    Hedge,    Convolvulus 
sepia m  —  b.  Lavender-leared,  Convolvulus  Cau- 
tabrica — b.  Sea,  Convolvulus  Boldanella — b.  Vir- 
ginian. C  mvolvulus  pandnratus. 
BINDWOOD,  Hedera  helix. 
BINKOHUMBA,  Phyllantbus  urinaria. 
BINOCULAR,  Binocula'ris:  same  etymon  as 
the  next.     Relating  to  or  affeetinjr  both  eyes — as 
'binocular  vision' — vision  with  both  eyes;  or  from 
impressions  made  upon  both  retina?,  which  are 
amalgamated  into  single  vision. 

BINOC'ULUS,  Bin'ocU,  Diophthnl'mica  Fas'- 
eta,  O'-'nlis  duplex,  from  hi  and  oculus,  "an  eye.' 
(F.)  (Eil  double.  A  bandage  applied  over  both 
eyes.  It  was  also  formerly  called  Diophthal'- 
run*. 

BIN'SICA.     A  Rabbinical  term   for  disorder 
of  the   mind.     According   to  Tax  Helmoxt,  an 
atropbv  of  the  organ  of  imagination. 
BIOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  vitaL 
BIOD.  Vis  vitalis. 

BIODYNAM'ICS,  Biodynam'ica,  Biodynam'- 
ice,  Biosoph'ia,  from  fiios,  'life.'  and  twa/jug, 
'power.'  'force.'  The  doctrine  of  the  vital  ac- 
tivity or  forces. 

BIO^AMTA,  Magnetism,  animal. 
BIOL'OGY.  from   Siog.  'life,'  and  \oyog,  'a  de- 
scription.'    The  doctrine  of  life  or  of  living  bo- 
dies.— Physiology.     "Biological  phenomena"  are 
those  presented  hy  living  bodies. 

BIOLYCH'NIO  JS,Biolyeh 'n turn,  from  Piog, 
'life/  and  Au^i'tov,  'a  lamp.'  Innate  heat,  vital 
heat,  animal  heat.  Lych'nium,  Lychnid'ium, 
Thermvm  em'phytum,  Flamma  seu  Flam'mula 
vitn'lis  seu  cordis.  Also,  a  secret  preparation  of 
which  Bronx  and  Burgrave  make  mention. 
BIOLYSIS,  see  Biolvtic. 

BIOLYT'IC,  Biolyficus;  from  piog.  'life,' and 
).v<Tis,  'solution.'  Relating  to  the  destruction  of 
life.  A  'biolytic  agent'  is  one  that  tends  to 
hiol'ysis,  or  destruction  of  life.  A  depressing 
agent. — Sehultz. 

BIOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 
BIONOMY,  Physiology. 
BIOPH.EXOMEXOLOGIA,  Physiology. 
BIOS.  )Stog.    Life.    Also,  what  is  necessary  for 
the  preservation  of  life. 

BIOSOPHIA,  Biodvnamics. 
BIOSTATICS.  Statistics,  medical. 
BIOTAX'Y,  Taxon'omy,  from  (Jiog,   'life,'  and 
ra^ig,  'order,  arrangement.'    The  arrangement  or 
co-ordination  of  living  organisms,  according  to 
their  external  characters. 
BIOTE.  Life. 

BIOTHAN'ATI,   Biaiothan'ati,  from  (3iog, 
'life,'  and  Savares,  'death.'     Those  who  die  of  a 
violent  death  very  suddenly,  or  as  if  there  was 
no  space  between  life  and  death. 
BIOTIC.  Vital. 
BIOTICS,  Physiology. 
BIOTOMIA.  Vivisection. 
BIOTOS.  Life. 

BIPARI'ETAL,  Biparieta'lis,  (F.)  Biparie- 
tal,  from  bi  and  parietale  (os).  'the parietal  bone.' 
An  epithet  for  the  diameter  of  the  cranium  from 
one  parietal  fossa  to  the  other. 

BIPARIETAL  SUTURE.  Sagittal  suture. 
BIPIN'NA,    from    bi,    and    pinna,    'a   wing- 
feather.'     A    term   used   by  the    ancients   for  a 
diminutive    penis,    not    exceeding   in    size    two 
quills. 

BIR.  Thorax. 
BIRA.  Orevisia. 

BIRCH.  Betnla  alba— b.  Black.  Betula  lenta— 
b.  Cherrv.  Betula  lenta — b.  Sweet,  Betula  lenta. 
BIRD?'  BREAD.  Sedum  acre. 
BIRDS'  NEST,  Hvpopitvs  lanuginosa. 
BIRK.  Betula  alba. 
BIR  III,  Parturition — b.  Cross,  Presentation, 


preternatural — b.  Live,  see  Born  alive — b.  Plural, 
see  Multiparous. 

B1RTHW0RT,  Aristolochia— b.  Snakeroot, 
Aristolocbia  serpen taria. 

BISCHE,  Biecho.  A  malignant  kind  of  dy- 
sentery, which  often  prevails  in  the  island  of 
Trinidad. 

BISCUIT.  Biscoe'tns;  lis,  'twice,'  and  coctus, 
•baked.'  (F.)  bis  and  cv.it,  'twice  baked.'  A 
kind  of  dry,  hard  bread,  or  cake,  which  is  va- 
riously made  :  and,  when  without  eg-*  or  butter) 
is  easy  of  digestion.  It  was  formerly  called  L)i- 
pyri'tes,  and  Di'pyros.  Medic"inal  or  Mkd'i- 
CATED  Biscuits.  (F.)  Biscuits  Mfdieinaux,  Jlasse- 
pains,  Macarons,  are  occasionally  made  by  add- 
ing to  biscuit  paste  a  medicinal  solution  or 
powder,  and  baking  the  mass. 

BISCUIT,  MEAT.  An  alimentary  prepara- 
tion, proposed  by  Mr.  G.  Borden,  Jr.,  of  Texas, 
which  consists  in  combining  the  matters,  ex- 
tracted from  meat  by  boiling,  with  flour,  so  as  to 
form  biscuits :  which  keep  well,  and  are  of  course 
nutritive. 

BISCUITS  ME  DTCIXAUX,  see  Biscuit. 

BISERMAS,  Salvia  schirea. 

BISFERIENS,  Dicrotus. 

BISH.  Aconitutn  ferox. 

BISHOP'S  MEED,  Ammi. 

BISLINGUA,  Ruscns  hypoglossum. 

B  ISM  ALVA,  Althaea. 

BISMUTH.  Autimo'nium  album,  Chal'citas, 
Luna  i  mperfec'  to ,  Stan  n  um  glacia'le  sen  due' renin, 
Bismu'thum,  Wismu'thum,  Reg'vlus  of  Bis'muth; 
Marcasi'ta,  Tin  glass,  (F.)  Etnin  oris,  E.  de 
Glace.  A  metal,  in  spicular  plates,  of  a  yel- 
lowish-white colour;  s.  gr.  9.S22  ;  fusible  at  4*00° 
Fahrenheit,  and  volatilizable  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture. It  is  used  only  in  the  preparation  of  the 
subnitrate. 

Bismuth,  Nitrate  of,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of 
— b.  Oxide  of.  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of — b.  Oxide 
of.  white,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of — b.  Regulus  of, 
Bismuth. 

Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of,  Bismn'thi  subni'tras 
seu  A  itras,  Marcasi'ta  alba,  Plumbum  cine'rcum, 
Magiste'rium  Marcasi'ta  seu  Bismuthi,  Bismu'- 
thv.m  Xit'ricum  seu  Subnit'ricum,  Nitras  Subbis? 
mu'thicum,  Calx  Vismn'thi,  Bismu'thum  oxydula'- 
tum  album.  Bismuth  urn  album,  Subaz'otas  bismu1- 
ticus.  Oxide  of  Bismuth,  Nitrate  of  Bismuth, 
White  Bismuth,  Trisuitrate  of  Bismuth.  White 
Oxide  of  Bismuth.  3Iao"istery  of  Bismuth,  Pearl 
White,  Spanish  White.  (F.)  Sousnitrate  ou  sous- 
azotate  de  bismuth,  Oxide  blanc  de  B..  Blanc  de 
fard,  Blanc  de  perle.  (Bismuth,  in  frustulis,  Jrj. 
Acid  nitric,  f^'j-  -^q.  dc-still.  q.  s.  Mix  a  fluid- 
i  ounce  of  distilled  water  with  the  nitric  acid,  and 
dissolve  the  bismuth  in  the  mixture.  When  the 
solution  is  complete,  pour  the  clear  liquor  into 
three  pints  of  distilled  water,  and  set  the  mixture 
by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Lastly,  having 
poured  off  the  supernatant  fluid,  wash  the  sub- 
nitrate of  bismuth  with  distilled  water,  wrap  it 
in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  considered  to  be  tonic  and 
antispasmodic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in 
gastrodynia. 

Bismuth,  Trisxitrate  of,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate of. 

Bismuth,  Vai.e'riaxate  of,  Bismn'thi  valeri- 
a'nas,  Bismu'thum  vdtrian'icum.  Prepared  by 
mixing  a  neutral  solution  of  oxide  of  bismuth  in 
nitric  acid,  with  valerianate  of  soda  ;  washing, 
and  drying  the  precipitate.  Used  in  gastrodynia, 
chronic  gastralgia,  neuralgia,  and  chronic  palpi- 
tation, as  a  nervine.  Dose.  \  a  grain  to  2  grains, 
three  or  four  times  a  day.  in  pill. 

Bismuth,  Mhite,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 


BISMUTIII   XITRAS 


1  29 


BL.ESOPODES 


BISMUTHI    NITRAS,    Bismuth,   subnitrate 
of— i..  Valeriana*,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 

BISMU  HUM.  i;i>mutli— h.  Album,  Bismuth! 
aubnitras — b.  Nitrioum,  Biamath,  subnitrate  of— 
b.  Oxydulatum  album,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of— 
aitrieum,  Bismuth,  rabnitrate  of— b.  Vale- 
rian ieum,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of 
BISPIRUS,  Dipnoos. 
BISS1   M.  Hydrangea arboreecens. 
BISTORT,  OFFICINAL,  Polygonum  bistorta 
— b.  \  irginian,  Polygonum  rirginianum. 
BISTOB  :  \.  1".  rgonum  bistorta. 
BISTORTE,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

1TORT/BR,  (F.)   ,\    name   given   by  the 
Pkan  ■  wooden    pestle   at 

reducing  soft  substances  to  powder,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  electuaries. 

B18T0URI,  {¥.)  Piitorien'rit  aWdima,   \ 
Pel'}^-  .   BUfi  m  ■:.     A  small  cutting- 

knife,  used  in  surgery. — so  called,  aeeording  to 
Huet,  from  the  town  of  Pistori,  which  « 
merly  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  those 
instruments.  A  bistoury  has  the  form  of  a  small 
knite,  and  is  composed  of  a  blade  and  a  handle. 
The  blade,  which  is  most  commonly  movable  in 
the  handle,  may  he  fixed  by  a  button.  Bpri 
When  fixed  in  the  handle,  the  bistouri  is  called 
by  the  French.  /;.  ,y  lame  fixe  ou  dormaute. 

The  chief  bistouries  are:  —  1.  The  STRAIGHT  B. 
(F.  B.  droit,  in  which  the  blade  and  cutting 
edge  are  straight,  the  point  being  fine,  round,  or 
square.  2.  The  convex  B.  (F.)  B.  convexe  ;  the 
blade  of  which  is  convex  at  the  cutting  edge, 
concave  at  the  back.     8.   The  CONCAVE  B.     i". 

•he  blade  of  which  is  concave  at  it's 
edge,  and  convex  at  the  back.  4.  Blurt-pointed 
B.  (F.)  B.  boutonni;  the  blade  of  which  has  a 
button  at  its  extremity.  5.  The  BLURT  or  probb- 
poirted  Bistoury  of  Pott;  concave  at  its  cut- 
ting edge,  and  its  point  blunt;  so  that  it  can  be 
carried  on  the  palmar  surface  of  the  index  fineer 

»n     ilii-;.l..     i! :     . •  .  .       .  ~  .      ' 


to  divide  the  stricture,  in 


"i.  Menyanthes  verna  —  b.  Sweet  night- 
shade, Solanum  Dulcamara— h.  Sweet  \ 
]lU^!"}>;l"m-h-  W*lfcer'«.  Add,  carbasotic. 
I'll  WB>1*BS8,Amaritu'jdo,Amaririe;A*,a'- 
ror,  Pteria,  (F.J  Aster-tame.  A  particular 
wh.ch  belongs  to  many  substances.  In  some 
B  there  is  a  sense  of  bitterness  fell  i„  the 
mouth. 

BITTERS,  COLUMBO,  Tinctura  Calumba- 
n.  Spirit,  Tmctura  gentiana  oomposita— b.  Wine 
\  mum  gentians  compositum. 

BITTERSWEET,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

BITTBRWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

BITTERWOOD  TREE,  (»•  . 

1:1  CTOa  A  disease,  in  which  the  chief  symp- 
tom is  an  acute  pain  in  the  anus.— Chomel 

BITUME  />/;  .Ul>f:i:.  Asphaltum. 

BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum- 
b.  Judaicnm,  Asphaltum— b.  of  Judsea    Isnhal 
torn— b.  Petroleum.  Petrolaum— b.  .Malta  Pissn* 
phaltum— b.  Salt  of,  Bitnoben-b.  Solidum,  As- 
phaltum. 

BIVENTER,  Digastrieus-h.  Cerricis,  Com- 
plexus  musculus— b.  Maxilla,  Digastricus 
BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF  THE    CEREBEL- 

Ll  M,  see  Lobe,  bi ventral 

BIXA  AMERICAN  \.  see  Terra  Orleana-b. 
Orleana,  see  Terra  Orleana-b.  Orellana,  see 
Terra  Orleana. 

I 'I-  M'.K.  Wound. 

BLACCLE,  Rubeola. 

BLACIA,  Debility. 

BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  .ee  Ruhus 
frnticosus— b.  High  or  Standing,  see  Rubus  fru- 
boosns.— b.  Low,  Rubus  trivialN 

™i™  £2J2LE'  see  Infusum  Senn*- 
BLACK  DOSE,  see  Infusum  Senna. 

BLACK  DRAUGHT,  see  Infusum  Senna. 

BLACK  DROP,  Gutta  nigra. 

BLACK   LION.      A  term  given  to  a  sloughing 


modification  of  this,  to  avoid  wounding  the  intes- 

ould  it  come  in  contact  with  the  ■ 
the  knife.  His  Bistoury  bas  an  edge  of  not  more 
than  eighl  lines  in  length,  situate  about  five  lines 
from  the  point.  6.  BlBTOOBJ  a  LA  LIVE,  (F.)  is 
a  straight  bistoury;  the  blade  fixed  in  the  handle 
the  extremity  with  a  button,  and  the  edge  made 
with  a  file.  [|  is  chiefly  used  for  dilating  parts 
■  I",  i  A  Bistouri  used  in  ope- 
rating upon  Louis  XIV..  for  fistula  in  ano.  S. 
Ri  G  18TRIQDB,  f  P.)  A  complicated  instru- 
ment, in  rented  by  Morand.  for  dilating  wounds 
of  the  abdo„ic„.  (i.  BlBTi  .  B.  herniaire, 

ou  AUrape-lourdaud  de   Biennaite,   Forcer*   de- 
V  curved  bi.touri.  the  blade  of  which 
1  in  a  canula,  whence  it  issues  on  pressing 


.touted   „,,;„.     fyvu,Utie\,{;:'-L^  "S/'ZBritVbTffi 

•ommended    a    impAiI      <,,fla^«,i  1_  •      „     .         .  1ULU  ^oiuieis 


c;       ,     ,         ,.      '      '    '""""u,"ai1    nernia.      .\vptiilitic  ucer,  under  whic 

'"V^  DM  recommended   a  useful     suffered  greatly  m  Portugal 

modification  of  th  a.  to  avniri  .»..j;..  h...  :„...„    H       *,T   .  J^ZrJJB  rortlif?<H 


a  spring. 

The  word   Butonri  is  u<ed  by  the  French,  at 
tunc-,  where  we  would  employ  knife 

BITCH-DAUGHTER,  Incubus. 

BITNOBBN,  Salt  of  Bitn'men,  Padnoon,  So„- 
cherlooti.  K\ala  mimue.  A  white,  saline  sub- 
stance, which  i,  a  Hindoo  preparation  ol 
antiquity,  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Sal 
Ofpkalti'ttt  and  Sal  Sodome'ntu  of  the  ancients 
It  [fl  used  by  th-  Hindoo  in  the  prevention  or 
cure  ol  almost  all  discs 

BITHNIMAL'CA,  GaSteranaz.   Twonnmean- 
Ing  words,  used  by  Dolaus,to<  „  .•„.,„,. 

principle  supposed  to  have  it-  seat  in  the  stomach, 
a"'1  I  er  chymiflcation,  Ac 

BITIOS   DE  KI8,  Proctoei 

BITTER,  Amarus- b.  Bark,  Pinckneys  pu- 

hens  —  b.   Bloom,  Chironia  angnlaris— b.  Holy 

II, era  piora— b.  Redberry,  Cornus   Florida— b! 

Koot,    Apocynum    wdrosamiftdium,    Qentiana 

y 


BLACK    ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Pterocaulon 
pyenostachyum,  Leptandria  purpurea. 
BLACKWATER,  Pyrosis. 
BLACTI.fi,  Rubeola. 
BLADD  \.  Buttermilk. 
BLADDER,  Urinary  Bladder. 

BL  a  DO  .:  R,  F  a  8  CIC '  OL  AT  K  D.  A  condition 
of  the  bladder  m  which  the  interior  of  the 
organ  is  marked  by  strong  reticulated  ridges  or 
columns.  ° 

Bladder,  0  alt,,  see  Gall  Bladder  — b.  Irrita- 
ble. Cysterethismus. 

BLADDER,  Sac'coLATBO.  A  condition  of  the 
Wadder,  in  which  the  mucous  coat  protrudes 
through  the  muscular,  so  as  to  produce  a  hernia. 
which  may  go  on  increasing,  so  as  to  form  a 
pes  \eal9atfeul»$  or  appen'dix  veti'ca 

Bladder,  Swik,  Air  bladder-b.  Urinary,  see 
I  nnaiv  Bladder. 

BL  LDEBONE,  Scapula. 

BLADOCH,  Buttermilk. 

m.ADnx    SPRINGS.     Mineral   springs    in 

Alabama,  about  85  miles  fro,,.  .Mobile,  which  ar- 

Baid  to  be  similar  in  composition  to  those  ofSe^ 

-r.>p,.  ami  .^p,(-hape.le,  of  Europe. 

BLAEBERRY,  Vaecinium  myrtfllua. 

'■I-  l.  M  l  \*,w,rsn  ihi.jnn.  Someautbors hare 
used  this  word  as  synonymous  with  stamn 

•  ravages   understands   by  it  a 
aeftd  in  pronunciation,  which  consists  in 
tutingsoft  consonants  for  those  that  are  hard; 
as  the  a  for  8,  the  ,,,;„.,,  .,,,.  s  for  o  and  j,  Ac. 

'    '.  ■■,'■.  ";    I   -    '    OMftVail/S,    Trau'loUx,  (F. 
Me,  l>i<    '  parlt  /•) 

BLuESOPODES,  see  KyU. 


BL.ESOPUS 


130 


BLENNOGENOUS 


BLJ3SOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 
BLJ5SUS.  A  distortion;  especially  the  out- 
ward distortion  of  the  legs.  Also,  a  stammerer. 
ULAFA11D,  (F.)  Pal' li due,  Pallid' ulus.  This 
epithet  is  sometimes  given  to  the  skin,  when  pale 
ami  dull  ;  but,  most  frequently,  to  the  flesh  of  a 
wound,  when  it  has  lost  its  colour,  and  become 
white.  The  word  is,  also,  sometimes  used  syno- 
nymously with  Albino. 

BLAIX.  (Sax.)  ble5ene,  Bleine.  A  pustule;  a 
botch  ;  a  blister.  In  Scotland,  a  mark  left  by  a 
wound  :  the  discolouring  of  the  skin  after  a  sore. 
— Jamleson. 

BLAK  OF  THE  EIE,  Pupil. 
BLANC  D' ARGENT,  Piumbi  subcarbonas— 
b.  de  Balti ne,  Cetaceum  —  b.  de  Cerueae,  Piumbi 
subcarbonas  —  b.  de  Crems,  Piumbi  subcarbonas 
—  !>.  de  Fard,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — b.  de 
Kremnitz,  Piumbi  subcarbonas  —  b.  de  Krems, 
Piumbi  subcarbonas  —  b.  de  I'CEil,  Sclerotic  —  b. 
d'CEiif,  Albumen  ovi — b.  de  Perle,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate  of — b.  de  Plomb,  Piumbi  subcarbonas — b. 
de  Zinc,  Zinci  oxvdum. 

BLANC-MANGER  (F.),    Cibus   albas,  Leuco- 
pha'gium,  Leticoph'agnni,  Argyrotrophe'ma.     An 
animal  jelly,  so  called  on  account  of  its  colour, 
combined  with  an  emulsion  of  sweet  almonds,  to 
which  sugar  has  been  added,  and  some  aromatic. 
It  is  sometimes  prescribed  as  a  nutriment  in  con- 
valescence and  chronic  diseases. 
BLAXC-RAISIX,  Blanc  Rhazis. 
BLAXC  RHAZIS,  Blanc-raisin.    An  ointment 
composed  of  cerusa,  white  wax,  and  olive  oil. 
BLAXCA,  Piumbi  subcarbonas. 
BLAXCH,    from    (F.)    blanchir,    'to    whiten, 
to  bleach.'     To  whiten  by  depriving  of  the  outer 
rind:  as  'to  blanch  almonds:'  i.e.  to  peel  them. 
BLANCHE T,  (F.)  A  blanket.     A  term  given 
by    the    French     Pharmaciens    to    the    woollen 
strainer    through    which    they  filter    syrup    and 
other  thick  fluids.     See,  also,  Aphthae. 

BLAXCHIXG,  Etiolation  — b.  of  the  hair, 
Canities. 

BLAXCXOX  ORIBASII,  Polypodium  filix 
mas. 

BLAS  An  unmeaning  term  invented  by  Van 
Helmont  to  designate  a  kind  of  movement  in  the 
body  :  at  times,  local, — at  others,  under  extrane- 
ous influence.  Thus,  he  speaks  of  the  Bias  mete- 
oros  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  Bias  huma'- 
num,  that  which  operates  in  man. 
Blas  Alterativum,  Plastic  force. 
BLASE,  (F.)  'cloyed.'  An  epithet  given  to 
one  whom  the  abuse  of  enjoyment  has  prevented 
from  any  longer  deriving  satisfaction  or  pleasure 
from  it. 

BLAST,  Conta'gio,  (Sax.)  blarr,  (G.)  bias  en, 
'to  blow.'  The  infection  of  any  thing  pestilen- 
tial.    The  stroke  of  some  sudden  plague. 

BLASTE'MA,  Blaste'sis,  (F.)  Blasteme,  from 
jSXnoTuvw,  •'  I  bud.'  A  germ.  The  sense  of  this 
word,  which  is  often  used  by  Hippocrates,  is  ob- 
scure. Castelli  thinks  it  means  the  eruption  of 
some  morbific  principle  at  the  surface  of  the  body. 
Also,  the  matrix  or  general  formative  element  of 
tissues. 

Br.ASTEAfA  Pili,  see  Hair. 

BLAS'TEMAL,  Blastema'lis.    Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  a  blastema, — as  'blastemal  forma- 
tion?,' those  that  are  formed  from  a  blastema. 
BLASTOCARDIA,  see  Molecule. 
BLASTODERMA,  see  Molecule. 
BLATTA  BYZAX'TIA,  Unguis  odora'tus,  (F.) 
Blatte  de  Byzance.     This  name  seems,  formerly, 
to  have  been  given  to  a  marine  production  from 
some  of  the  Conchylia.     It    had*  an    agreeable 
smell,  a  reddish  tint,  and  the  shape  of  a  nail.     It 
was  prescribed  in  epilepsy,  hysteria,  and  hepatic 
obstructions.     Rondelet  affirms,  that  it  was  the 


production  of  the  shell-fish  murex  or  purpura  ; 
and  that  the  name  Blatta  is  derived  from  the 
Greek  (iXarroi,  'purple.' 

BLA  VELLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLA  VEOLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLA  VEROLLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLAWIXG,  Swelling. 
BLAWORT,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLAZIXG-STAR,  Chamaalirium   luteum,  Li- 
atris. 

BLE,  Bladnm.  This  word  answers,  in  France, 
to  the  word  Com  in  England;  i.  e.  any  kind  of 
grain  employed  for  making  bread.  Wheat  being 
most  commonly  used  for  this  purpose,  Ble  is 
sometimes  restricted  to  this.  Ble  meteil  is  a 
mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BLE  CO R NU,Er got— b.  d'Espagne,  Zea  mays 
—  b.  d'ltalie,  Zea  mays  —  b.  Meteil,  see  Ble  — 
b.  Noir,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  —  b.  de  Turquie, 
Zea.  mays. 

BLE  (PARLER,)  Bltesitas. 
BLEABERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 
BLEACHIXG,  Dealbation— b.  Liquid,  Eau  de 
javclle. 

BLEAREDXESS,  Lippitudo. 
BLEAR-EYE.  Lippitudo. 
BLEAR-EYED,  Lippus. 
BLEAR-EYEDXESS,  Lippitudo. 
BLEB.  Bulla. 

BLECHXOX,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 
BLECHXUM     LIGXIFOLIUM,    Asplenium 
Scolopendrium  —  b.  Squamosum,  Asplenium  ce- 
terach. 

BLECHROPYRA,  see  Blechros. 
BLECHROPYRUS,  Typhus  mitior. 
BLECHROS,    p\r)Xpos,    'weak,    feeble,    slow.' 
An   epithet  applied   to   different   affections,   and 
particularly  to  fevers.     Hence  Blechrop'yra,  'a 
slow  fever:'  Blechrosphyg'  mia,  'a  slow  pulse.' 
BLECHROSPHYGMIA,  see  Blechros. 
BLED,  Corn — b.  Avorte,  Ergot — b.  Farouche, 
Ergot. 

BLEDOCH.  Buttermilk. 
BLEEDIXG,  Bloodletting,  Haamorrhagia. 
BLEEDIXG   FROM  THr]  XOSE,  Epistaxis. 
BLEEDIXG  HEART,  Cypripedium  luteum— 
b.  Boist.  Cupping  glass. 
BLEIB,  Bulla. 
BLEJXE,  Blain. 

BLEME,  (F.)     This  word  has  nearly  the  same 
signification  as  Blafard.     Generally,  however,  it 
includes,  also,  emaciation  of  the  countenance. 
BLENC YSTORRHEE,  Cystirrhcea. 
BLEXXA,  Mucus — b.  Xarium,  Xasal  mucus. 
BLEXXADEXFTIS,    from    QXsvva,    'mucus,' 
aSrjv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  mucous  follicles. 

BLEXXELYT'RIA,  from  (3\ewa,  'mucus/  and 
eXvrpov,  'a  sheath.'  A  discharge  of  mucus  from 
the  vagina.     Leucorrhcea. — Alibert. 

BLEXXEM'ESIS.       Blenno'em'esis,     Yom'itm 
pituito'sus,    from     jiXivva,    'mucus,'    and     ejects, 
'vomiting.'     Vomiting  of  mucus. 
BLEXXEXTERIA,  Dysentery. 
BLEXXISTH'MIA.from  fiXtwa,  'mucus,' and 
ivSfios,    '  the    gullet.'     Increased    flow  of  mucus 
from  the  pharynx  and  larynx. — Alibert. 
BLEXXOCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  mucous. 
BLEXXOCYSTIDES,  Bursas  mucosas. 
BL  EN  NO  C  YS  Tl  TE,  Cystirrhcea. 
BLEXXODES,  Muciform. 
BLEXXOEMESIS,  Blennemesis. 
BLEXXOG"EXOUS,  Blennog"enus,  Mucific, 
Jfucif'icus,  from  liXcvva,  'mucus,'  and  ytwcm),  'I 
II  form.'    Forming  or  generating  mucus.     Breschet 
I  and  Roussel  de  Yauzeme  describe  an  apparatus 


BLENN0IDE3 


131 


BLIGHT   IN   THE    EYE 


of  this  kind  for  the  secretion  of  the  mucou?  mut- 
ter tli. it  constitutes  the  cuticle,  composed  of  a 
glandular  parenchyma  <>r  organ  ofseeretion  situ- 
ate in  the  Bubatanee  of  the  true  skiii,  tad  of 
excretory  duets,  which  issue  from  the  organ, 
nnd  deposits  the  mucous  mutter  between  the 
papilla?. 

BLENN0IDE8,  Unciform. 

BLENNOIDEUS,  Muciforra. 

BLENNOMETRITIS,  see  Leaeorrl 

BLENNOPHTH ALMTA,  Ophthalmia,  (puru- 

BLENNOP'TYSIS,  from    .iXevva,  and  Trrvw,   'I 

iteration  of  mucus.     Catarrh. 
BLENNOP'YRA,  BUnnopy'ria,  from   (SXewa, 
and  *vp,  Mire.'    Aiibert  has  classed,  under  this 

bead,  various  fevers  with  mucous   complications; 
•,  Adeno-meningeal  fever,  Ac. 

BLENNORRH  LGIA,  Gonorrhoea— b.  Genita- 
lium.  Leucorrhoea — b.  Notha,  Gonorrhoea  spuria 
— h.  Spuria,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHAG"IC,  Blenmorrkag"ictu,fi.) 
rrhagiqne,     from     fiXtvva,      'mucus.'     and 
pirywfii,  'I  break  forth.'     Relating  or  appertain- 
blennorrhagia  or  gonorrhoea. 

Blbxnorrhagic  Epididymitis,  Hernia  humo- 
ral is. 

BLENNORRHAGIE  FAUSSE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria — b.  (In  Gland,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BL  ENNORRHE'E,  Blennorrhoea. 

BLENNORRHINIA,  Corysa, 

ENNORRHOE'A,    Blennor'rkoi,    BUnnor- 

rli<iij"i<t,  Phlegmorrhus'a,  Phlegmorrhag"ia,  (F.) 

.   from   (iXtvva,   'mucus,'  and  pcm,  'I 

flow.'     Inordinate  secretion  and  discharge  of  mu- 

CU8.     Also,  Gonorrhoea. 

Blknhorrhoba  Chronica,  (gleet,)  see  Gonor- 
rhoea  —  b.  Genitalium,  Leucorrhoea  —  b.  Luodes, 
Gonorrhoea  impura — b.  Nasalis,  Corysa — h.  Oculi, 
see  Ophthalmia — h.  Oculi  gonorrhoica,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— b.  Oculi  neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — 
b.  I  >«■  ul i  purulenta,see  Ophthalmia — h.  Urethralis, 
Gonorrhoea,  Cystorrhoea— b.  Ventriculi,  Gastror- 
b.  Vesicae,  Cystorrhoea. 

BLENNG'SES,  from  $Xtwa,  'mucus.'     Aflec- 
•  the  mucous  membranes. — Aiibert. 

BLENNOTHORAX,  Catarrh,  Peripneumonia 
notha — 1).  Cbronieus,  Asthma  humidum. 

BLENNOTORRHQJA,  Otirrbcea. 

BLENNURETHRIA,  Gonorrhoea. 

BLENNURIA,  Cystorrhoea. 

BLEPHARADENITIS,  ophthalmia  Tarsi. 

BLEPHARANTJBRACO'SIS,  Blephari'- 
tft  gangrano' na,  Carbnncula' tio  Oc'uli.     Gangre- 
'. (lamination  of  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHARELOSIS.  Entropion. 

BLEPHARIDES,  Cilia, 

BLEPHARIDOPLA8TIC  B,  Blepharoplastice. 

BLEPHARISMUS,  Nictation. 

BLEPHAB  LTIS,  (inflammation  of  the  eyelids,) 
Ophthalmia  tar.-i  —  b.  Gan gram osa,  Blepharan- 
tbrac 

BLEPHAR0BLENN0RRHO3A,  Ophthalmia, 
purulenl  —  b.  Neonatorum,  see  ophthalmia  (pu- 
rulenta  infantum,  i 

BLEPH'ARO  <  0NJTJNCT1TFTIS,  Blepha- 
roeyndeemi'tie,  from  liXtdtapov,  'an  eyelid,'  con- 
junctiva, and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  Oph- 
thalmia affecting  the  conjunctiva  and  eyelids. 

BLEPHARODY8CHRQ2'A,  from  p\i<papov,  the 
.*  cv;,  'with  difficulty,'  and  XP°a>  * <-<>!< >m r.* 
•ration  of  the  eyelid.     Nsbvui  of  the  eye- 
lid.— Von  Amnion. 

BLEPHAROSDEMi  AQTJOSUM,  Hydroble- 
pharon. 

BLEPHARON,  Palpebra— b.  Atoniaton,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

BLEPHARONCO'SIS,     BlepUron'au,     /:'■ 
pkarvphy'tna,  Pulpebra'ntm   Tumor,  froua  fiXcfa-  \ 


pov,  'eyelid,'  and  oyKt>s,  'tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  eyelid. 

BLEPHARONCUS,  Blepharoncosis. 

BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS,  from  pXs+apw,  'the 
eyelid.'  and  ftpvt,  "a  cord.'  Congenital  diminu- 
tion of  the  space  between  the  eyelids. — Amnion. 

Bee    l'.lepharostenosis. 

BLEPHAROPTB  U.MIA.  Ophthalmia  tar.-i 
— b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  l'urulcnta, 
Blopharopyorrheea. 

BLEPHAROPHTB  LLMITIS  GLANDULO- 
BA,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

BLEPHAROPHYMA,  Blepharoncosis, 

BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE,.BJ«>AanaWoViiVf1 


Tnnit" in  Cilio'mm,  Bleph'aroplanty,  from  @Xupa- 
j,dv.  'the  eyelid,'  and  rAMTtirvf,  'forming,'  •  form- 
ative.'   The  formation  ofa  new  eyelid. 

BLEPHAROPLEGIA,  Blepharoptosis. 

BLEPHAROPTO'SIS,  BUphuropWgia,  Cant* 
pal'pebra  euperio'rie,  Delop'mt  sen  Prolap'eu* 
sen  Propto'sie  sen  Pto'tit  pal'pebra,  Atoniaton 
blepharon,  from  (iXtQapov,  'the  eyelid,'  and  ttwoi;, 
'fall.'  A  falling  down  of  the  upper  eyelid  over 
the  eye,  caused  by  a  paralysis  of  the  Levator 
palpebra  euperiorit  muscle.  This  paralysis  is 
an  unfavorable  symptom,  as  it  is  generally  con- 
nected with  a  state  of  the  brain  favouring  apo- 
plexy or  palsy. 

BLEPHAR0PTO8I8  EcTBOPIOTf,  Ectropium  —  b. 
Entropion,  Entropion. 

BLEPHAROPYORRHCE'A,  BlepharophthaV- 
mia  purulen'ta,  Pyorrhos'a pal'pebra,  from  ,3Aty- 
apov,  'eyelid/  nvov,  'pus,'  and  peu),  'I  flow.'  Se- 
cretion of  pus  from  the  eyelids. 

BlbpharopyorrhogA  NEONATORUM,  see  Oph- 
thalmia (purulenta  infantum.) 

BLEPHARORRHCE'A,  from  (3Xt<papov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  mucus 
from  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS,  from  (iX^apov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  airaoftus,  'spasm.'  A  spasmodic  action 
or  tic  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  muscle. 

BLEPHAROSTENO'SIS,  from  (3\e<papoV,  'the 
eyelid,'  and  arcuijots,  'contraction.'  Accidental 
diminution  of  the  space  between  the  eyelids. — 
Amnion.     Pee  Blepharophimosis. 

BLEPHAROSYNDESMITIS,  Blepharocon- 
junctivitis. 

BLEPIIAROTIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — b.  Glan- 
dularis contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia. 

BLEPHAROTITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

BLEPHAROTOSIS,  Ectropinm. 

1!  L  E  PH  A  K  0  X  Y  S'TUM,  Blepharoxye'trum, 
from  rjXi^auov,  'eyelid.'  and  (>ju,  'I  scrape.'  An 
instrument  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  removing 
callosities,  which  made  their  appearance  in  tho 
affection  called,  by  the  Greeks,  rpa^wpa. — Paulufl 
of  JSgina,  Gorrseus. 

BLEPHIL'IA  HIRSU'TA,  Ohio  Hortemint, 
Hairy  Horsemint,  from  (iXtipupn,  'an  eyelash,'  in 
reference  to  its  hairy  fringed  hracts.  An  indi- 
genous plant  of  the  .Mint  family,  LflbiatSB,  which 
has  the  aromatic  properties  of  the  Mints. 

HI.KSITK.  Blsesitas. 
BLESSED  HERB,  Geum  urbanum. 
BLESSi  /:/:.  Abortion,  Wound. 
BLESTRIS'MUS.    Restlessness  of  the  sick.— 
Bippocrates. 

BLETA.     A  Word,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  white 

or  milky  urine,  arising  from  diseased  kidneys. 
Biota  "ion  has  the  same  meaning. 

BLEX  hi:  BERLIN,  Prussian  blue  — o.  de 
Prutee,  Prussian  blue. 

BLEUET  DES  MOISSONS,  Cyanus 
turn. 

BLEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  of.  VA6- 
ville  is  a  village  about  two  miles  from  Havre. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeate. 

LLICUIT  IN  Till]  EYE,  Ophthalmia, 


BLIGHTS 


132 


BLOOD-LETTING 


rhal.     Palsy  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  and  '! 
muscles   of  the   eyebrow  is  also  vulgarly  called 
blight. 

BLIGHT?,  see  Lichen  urticatus. 
BLINDNESS.  Ca-citas —  b.  Colour,  Achroma- 
topsia— b.  Day,  Nyctalopia — b.  Nervous,  Amau- 
rosis  —  b.    Night,    Hemeralopia  —  b.   Snow,    see 
Snow  blindness. 

BLISTER,  Vesicato'rium,  Emplas'trnm  Vesica- 
to'riniit  seu  Lyttce,  Epispas'ticum,  Ves'icant,  Blis- 
ter plaster,  (F.)  Vesieatuire,  Vesicant.  Any  sub- 
stance which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  irritates 
it.  and  occasions  a  serous  secretion,  raising  the 
epidermis,  and  inducing  a  vesicle.  Various  arti- 
cles produce  this  effect,  as  cantharides,  mustard, 
garou,  eupkorbium, garlic, ammonia,  &c.  Blisters  ; 
are  used  as  counter-irritants.  By  exciting  a  dis-  ! 
ease  artificially  on  the  surface,  we  can  often  re- 
move another  which  may  be  at  the  time  existing 
internally.  A  perpetual  blister  is  one  that  is 
kept  open  for  a  longer  or  a  shorter  time  by  means 
of  appropriate  dressings. 

Blister  or  vesication,  (Prov.)  Ercle,  also  means 
the  reside  produced  by  vesicatories  or  other 
causes. 

Blister,  Fever,  see  Fever  blister. 
Blister.  Mag"istp.al,  (F.)  Vesicatoire  magis- 
tral. A  prompt  means  of  producing  vesication 
recommended  by  M.  Valleix.  It  is  prepared  as 
follows — Take  powdered  cantharides  and  wheat- 
flour,  of  each  equal  parts  ;  vinegar,  a  sufficient 
quantity  to  form  a  soft  paste. 

Blister  Beetle,  Cantharis  —  b.  Fly,  Cantha- 
ris— b.  Plaster,  Blister. 

BLISTERWEED,  Ranunculus  acris. 
BLISTERING  FLY,  Cantharis— b.  Paper,  see 
Sparadrapum  vesicatorium — b.  Tissue,  Sparadra- 
pum  vesicatorium. 

BLISTERS.  WHITE.  Rupia  escharotiea. 
BLITUM    AMERICAN  UM,    Phytolacca    de- 
can  dra. 

BLOOD,  Anglo-Saxon,  blo»,  from  ble^an,  'to 
bleed.'  Sanguis,  Crnor,  Lapis  anima'lis,  Haema. 
'aifta,  (Old  Eng.)  Blede,  (F.)  Sang.  An  animal 
fluid  formed  chiefly  from  the  chyle  ;  acquiring 
important  properties  during  respiration  ;  entering 
every  organ  through  the  circulation  :  distributing 
the  nutritive  principles  to  every  texture,  and  the 
source  of  every  secretion.  The  blood  is  white  in 
the  molluscous  and  inferior  animals,  which  have 
been,  hence,  called  trhite-blooded,  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  red-blooded,  which  class  includes 
the  mammalia,  birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes.  Hu- 
man blood  is  composed  of  water,  albumen,  fibrin, 
an  animal  colouring  substance,  a  little  fatty  mat- 
ter— heematelce'um — and  different  salts:  as  chlo- 
rides of  potassium  and  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  lime,  magnesia,  oxide  of 
iron,  and  lactate  of  soda,  united  with  an  ani- 
mal matter.  Arterial  blood  is  of  a  florid  red 
colour,  strong  smell :  s.  g.  1.049.  Venous  blood 
is  of  a  brownish  red;  s.  g.  1.051.  The  differ- 
ence in  colour  has  given  occasion  to  the  first 
being  called  red  blood;  the  latter,  black.  The 
former,  which  is  distributed  from  the  heart,  is 
nearly  the  same  through  its  whole  extent :  the 
latter  is  the  remains  of  the  arterial  blood  after 
the  different  elements  have  been  taken  from  it  in 
nutrition,  and  probably  differs  in  composition. 
It  likewise  contains  different  substances  absorbed. 
Venous  blood,  taken  from  a  vessel  and  left  to 
itself,  becomes  solid,  and  separates  into  two  dis- 
tinct parts,  —  the  serum  or  watery  supernatant 
fluid  :  and  the  cruor,  coag'ulum,  crassamen'tum, 
hepar  seu  ]jlacen'ta  san'guinis,  placen'ta  cruo'ris, 
in'sula.  thrombus,  or  clot.  The  serum  is  chiefly 
water,  holding  albumen  in  solution  and  the  salts 
of  the  blood.  The  clot  contains  the  fibrin,  co- 
louring matter — hcematosin,  a  little  serum,  and  a 


small  quantity  of  salts.  If.  Le  Canu  found  the 
blood  to  be  composed — in  1000  parts — of  water. 
785.590;  albumen,  69.415;  fibrin,  3.565  ;  colour- 
ing matter,  119.626;  crystallizable  fatty  matter, 
4.300;  oily  matter,  2.270;  extractive  matter  so- 
luble in  alcohol  and  water,  1.920  ;  albumen  com- 
bined with  soda,  2.010;  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
potassium ;  alkaline  phosphates,  sulphates,  and 
subcarbonates,  7.304;  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron, 
peroxide  of  iron,  1.414;  loss,  2.5S6.  The  four 
principal  components  of  the  blood  are  fibrin, 
albumen,  corpuscles,  and  saline  matter.  In  the 
circulating  blood  they  are  thus  combined — 


Fibrin, 
Albumen, 

Salts, 


In  solution  forming  Liquor  Sangui- 
n  is. 


Red  Corpuscles  —  suspended  in  the  Liquor  San- 
guinis. 

In  coagulated  blood  they  are  thus  combined : 

Fibrin,  1  Forming  the  crassamentum  or 

Red  Corpuscles,  J       clot. 

Albumen,    1  Remaining     in     solution,     forming 
Salts,  J       serum. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  computations 
of  different  physiologists  regarding  the  weight 
of  the  circulating  fluid — arterial  and  venous. 

Harvey,  lbs. 

Lister, 

Moulins, 

Abildguard, 

Blumenbach. 

j  Lobb,  ^ 10 

Lower,  j 

Sprengel 10  to  15 

Gunther 15  to  20 

Blake 16±tolSJ 

Miiller  and  Burdach 20 

Wagner-... 20  to  25 

Quesnai. 27 

F.  Hoffmann 28 

Haller 28  to  30 

Young 40 

i  Hambertrer SO 

.  Keill  ....7. 100 

The  proportion  of  arterial  blood  to  venous  is 
,  about  4  to  9. 

Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  varying 
condition  of  the  blood  in  disease.  The  average 
1  proportion  of  each  of  the  organic  elements  in 
<  1000  parts  of  healthy  blood  is  as  follows,  aecord- 
-  ing  to  Le  Canu.  and  MM.  Andral  and  Gnvarret: 
'!  — fibrin,  3;  red  corpuscles,  127;  solid  matter  of 
!   the  serum,  80  ;  water,  790. 

Dried  human  blood  was.  at  one  time,  consi- 
■  dered  to  be  anti-epileptic;  that  of  the  goat,  dried, 
!  Sanguis  hirci  sicca'tus-,  sudorific  and  antipleu- 
i|  retic.  The  dried  blood  of  the  ox  —  Extrac'tnm 
I  San'guinis  Bovi'ui — and  the  dried  red  corpuscles 
have  been  given  as  analeptics,  especially  where 
■\  there  was  a  deficiency  of  red  corpuscles. 

Blood,  Arterial,  see  Blood  —  b.  Black,  see 
Blood  —  b.  Black,  vascular  system  of,  see  Vas- 
cular. 

Blood,  Caseix,  Globulin — b.  Corpuscles,  Glo- 
;  bules  of  the  blood  —  b.  Disease,  Haeinatonosus — 
;  b.  Disks,  Globules  of  the  blood. 
i  Blood,  Dried,  see  Blood — b.  Loss  of,  Haemor- 
■\  rhagia  —  b.  Menstrual,  see  Menses  —  b.  Red,  see 
!  Blood — b.  Red,  system  of.  see  Vascular — b.  Spit- 
ting of,  Haemoptysis — b.  Venous,  see  Blood — b. 
Vomiting  of,  Ha?matemesis — b.  White,  Lymph. 

BLOOD  CRYSTALS,  Ha?matoidin. 

BLOODING.  Blood-letting. 

BLOODLESSNESS.  Anaemia. 

BLOOD-LETTING.  MUrio  seu  Detrae'tio 
Jl  San'guinis,  Hcemax'is,    Cutaschas'mus,  Blooding, 


BLOODLIKE 


133 


BOE 


Jilrrdinrj,    (F.)     Saignie,     Emission    singuine.      A 

discharge  of  a  certain  quantity  of  blood  prodaeed 
by  art :  an  operation  which  consists  in  making 
■n  opening  into  a  Teasel  to  draw  or  let  blood  from 
1  on  an  artery, it  is  called  Ar- 
teriot'omy ;  i>n  a  vein,  Phlebotomy,   Vena 
:  and  on  the  capillar; 
llary,  in  contradistinction  to  the  former, 
which  is  termed  general.     Blood-letting  is  need 
both  during  the  existence  of  a  disease,  as  in  in- 
flammation, and  in   the  way  of  prophylaxis.      It 
is  employed  to  fulfil  various  indications.     1.  To 
diminish  the  actual  mass  of  blood  :  —  when  it  is 
termed,  by  the  French  pathologists,  Saigm 

In  such  ease,  fluids  ought  not  to  he  al- 

I  iwe  1  too  freely  afterwards.     2.  To   diminish  the 

ence  in  any  particular  organ  —  (F.)  Saig- 

blood-letting  ot  bleeding, 

t'ria,  when  performed  far  from 

-    dirivative,  when 

liminisfa  the  consistence  of  the  blood, 

tpofiatioe.      The  immediate  effects 

d-letting  are:   diminution   of  the  mass  of 

tnd  of  beat;  retardation  of  the  pulse,  and 

sometimes  syncope.    Blood-letting  from  the  veins 

— j, lift  hut'i  1111/ — is  practised  on   the  subcutaneous 

:  the  neck,  the  face,  the  fore-arm.  and  the 

-    metiines    on  those   of   the  hand  or  foot. 

The  necessary  apparatus  consists  of  a  bandage 

or  riband,  a  compress   of  rag,  and  a  lancet  or 

phleam. 

The  veins  selected  for  the  operation,  are,  1.  In 
the  foil  of  tint  win,  tive; — the  cephalic,  basilic. 
the  two  median,  and  the  anterior  cubital.  2.  In 
/,  the  cephalic  and  salvatella.  3.  In  the 
font,  the  great  and  little  saphena.  4.  In  the  neck, 
the  external  jugular.  5.  In  the  forehead,  the 
frontal.  6.  In  the  mouth,  the  ranine.  The  ope- 
ration of  phlebotomy  in  the  limbs  is  performed 
by  tying  a  circular  bandage  round  the  limb,  in 
hat  the  subcutaneous  veins  may  become 
turgid  by  the  course  of  the  blood  being  ob- 
1:  the  bandage  not  being  so  tight,  how- 
erer,  as  to  compress  the  arteries  of  the  limb.  A 
puncture  is  made  into  the  vein,  and  the  desired 
quantity  allowed  to  How.  The  ligature  is  now 
r  moved,  and  a  compress  and  retaining  bandage 
applied.  Capillary  or  local  blood-letting,  arte- 
rio -phlebotomy,  is  practised  on  the  skin  or 
tnucuous  membranes,  by  meaus  of  leeches,  the 
lancet,  "r  cupping. 

>D-itBTnno,  Capillary,  see  Blood-lctfing 
—l>.  Derivative, see  Blood-letting — b.  Bvacuative, 
id-letting  —  b.  General,  see  Bloodletting 
— b.  Local,  see  Blood-letting— —b.  Revulsive,  see 
Blood-letting — b.  Spoliative,  see  Bloodletting. 
BLOODLIKE,  Sanguine. 
BLOOD  LIQUOR,  Liquor  Sanguinis. 
BLOODROOT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 
BLOODSHOT,  Hypersemie. 
BLOODSTONE,  Haematites. 
BLOODSTROKE,   Conp-de-eartg. 
BLOOD  VESICLE,  Globule  of 'the  blood. 
BLOOD  VESSEL,  (P.)   Vaieeeau  tanguin.     A 
destined  to  contain  and  convey  blood. 

Blood  Vcsssl,  breaking,  blksting,  ruptu- 
ring or  \.     Hsemorrhs  i 

BLOODWEED,  Asclepias  curassaviea. 

BLOODWORT,  Hieraoium  venosuin,  Sangui- 
naria Canad 

BLOol»Y.  Sanguin'eue,  Cruen'ttu,  Sangnin'- 
eaue,  (V.)  Sanguin.  Having  the  character  of 
1.     Relating  to  blood.     See  Sanguine. 

BLOODY   FLUX,  Dysentery. 

BLOOM,  HONEY,  Apocynum  androsacmifo- 
lium. 

BLOSSBURG  MINERAL  SPRINGS.  The 
town  of  Blossburg  is,  in  Tioga  County,  133  miles 


north  of  Ilarrisburg.  They  contain  pure  sulphu- 
ric aeid:   and  arc  astringent  and  tonic. 

BLOSSOM,  see  Grog-blossom. 

BLOTA  ALBA,  Bleta, 

BLOTCH,  |  Prov.)  Splavin,  Sprote.    A  pustule; 

more  commonly,  an  eruption  of  a  large  kind. 

BLOW.   /<  F.)   Coup,   '  Effect  pro- 

dnced  by  one  body  striking  another.     The  im- 

D    made   by  any  body  which  strikes  us,  or 

against  which   we  strike:  —  a  common   cause  of 

wounds,  contusions,  fractures,  Ac. 

BLOWING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Souffle  —  b.  s. 
Diffused,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

BLUE-BELLS,  Gentiana  oatesbaL 

BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides, 
Lantana — b.  Low,  Vacoinium  Penneylvanioum. 

BLUE-BONNETS,  Cetaurea  cyan  us. 

BLUE-BOTTLE,  Centaurea  oyanus,  Cyanus 
segetum. 

BLUE  LICKS,  see  Kentucky, MineralWatereo£ 

BLUE  STONE,  Cupri  sulphas. 

BLUET,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLUET  DBS  MOISSONS,  Cyanus  segetum. 

BLUITER,  Borborygmus. 

BLUSH,  see  Flush. 

Bli  sh,  Cutankous,  see  Efflorescence — b.  In- 
flammatory,  Ervthema. 

BL UTTER,  Borborygmus. 

BOA,  Boia.  An  eruption  of  red,  ichorous  pim- 
ples.— Pliny.     See,  also,  Hidroa  and  Sudainina. 

Boa  Upas,  Upas. 

BOIE,  Syphilis. 

BOALA,  see  Scherlievo. 

BOBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BOCHE,  Swelling. 

BOCCHOE,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOCHET,  Bochetum. 

BOCHE'TUM,  (E.)  Bochet.  A  term  formerly 
applied  to  the  second  decoction  of  the  sudorific 
woods.    The  French  word  has  been  lately  revived. 

BOCIIIl  M.  Bronchocele. 

BOCHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOCIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCK.  Vomiturition. 

BOCKIXG,  Eructation,  Vomiting. 

BOOKLET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Bocklet,  in  Bavaria,  are  acidulous 
ohalybeates. 

BODY,  Corpus,  Soma,  (F.)  Corps;  from  Teu- 
tonic boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.'  [?]  The 
human  body,  (F.)  Oorpt  humain,  (Old  E.)  Liche, 
is  the  collection  of  organs  which  compose  the 
frame.  At  times,  however,  body  is  used  synony- 
mously with  trunk.  We  say,  also,  body  of  the 
femur,  of  the  aphenoid,  Ac,  to  designate  the  shaft 
or  middle  portion  of  those  bones;  body  of  the 
uterus,  <tc.  Likewise,  any  distinct  portion  of 
matter  perceived  by  the  senses.  Also,  the  rectum. 

Boot,  Comae  down  of  tiik,  Proctocele. 

BoDT-SlARCHBR,  8eorcher.  One  who  formerly 
examined  the  bodies  of  the  dead  to  report  as  to 
the  cause  of  death.  In  the  time  of  the  plague 
this  was  done  by  "the  chirurgeons,"  who  were 
allowed  "twelve  pence,"  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
goods  of  the  party  searched,  If  able;  otherwise, 
by  the  parish.  Until  of  late,  this  office  wi 
CUted    in    England    by    two    old    women  —  called 

'searchers':  and  hence  the  imperfections  of  the 

Hills  of  Mortality.  In  plague  times,  the  office 
wai  an  important  one;  and.it  is  stated,  that  a 
noted  searcher,  named  Snacks,  finding  his  busi- 
ness increase  so  much,  that  he  could  not  transact 
it  alone,  offered  to  any  one  who  would  join  him 

in  its  hazards  half  the  profits;  and  they  who 
joined  him  were  said  to  "  go  With  Snacks." 
Hence,  the  saying  "to  go  Snacks,"  or  to  divide 
its. — Wadd. 

BODY-SNATCHER,  Resurrectionist. 

BOE,  Cry. 


BOELLI 


134 


BOXDUE 


BOELLT,  Intestines. 
BOET1IEMA,  Medicament. 
BOG-BEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 
BO  HON  UPAS,  Upas. 
BOIA,  Boa. 

BOIL,  Furunculus — b.  Blind,  see  Furunculus — 
b.  Gum,  Parulis — b.  Malignant,  see  Furunculus — 
b.  Wasp's  nest,  see  Furunculus. 

BOIS  A3IER,  Quassia  —  b.  de  Camptche, 
ILvmatoxylum  Campechianum — b.  de  Cerf,  Cornu 
cervi —  b.  de  Chypre,  Rhodium  lignum  —  b.  de 
Couleuvre,  see  Strychnos  —  b.  Doux,  Glycyrrhiza 
—  b.  de  Marais,  Cepbalanthus  occidentals — b. 
de  Plumb,  Dirca  palustris — b.  Puant,  Prunus  pa- 
dus  —  b.  de  Rose,  Rhodium  lignum  —  b.  de  Sap- 
pan,  Caesalpinia  sappan  —  b.  Sudorifique,  Wood, 
sudorific. 

BOISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
■waters  are  situate  about  half  a  league  from  Fon- 
tenay-le-Compte,  in  France.  They  are  purgative, 
aud  seem  to  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

BOISSON,  Drink. 

BOIST,  Swelling. 

BOITE,  (F.)  A  box  or  case,  Capsa,  Pyxis. 
An  apparatus  for  the  reception  of  any  matters 
"which  it  may  be  desirable  to  preserve.  In  Sur- 
gery and  Anatomy,  JJoltes  a  dissection,  B.  a  am- 
putation, B.  d  trepan,  B.  d  cataracte,  &c,  mean 
the  cases  containing  these  various  instruments. 
Boite  du  Crane  is  the  bony  case  which  receives 
the  brain.  Boite  is,  also,  the  portion  of  the 
stem  of  the  trephine  which  receives  the  pyra- 
mid or  centre-pin.  Boite  de  Petit  is  a  machine, 
invented  by  M.  Petit,  to  retain  the  fractured  por- 
tions of  bone  in  apposition,  when  the  leg  has  been 
fractured  in  a  complicated  manner.  Boite  is,  also, 
a  kind  of  case  put  before  an  artificial  anus  to  re- 
ceive the  faeces,  which  are  continually  being  dis- 
charged. The  vulgar,  in  France,  give  the  name 
Boite,  to  various  articulations, — B.  de  genou,  B. 
de  la  hanche;  "knee-joint,  hip-joint." 

BOITE  ME  NT,  Claudication. 

BOITERIE,  Claudication. 

BOIT1ER,  (F.)  Apjmreil,  Cap'sula  unguenta'- 
ria,  Capsa'rium.  A  dressing-case.  A  box,  con- 
taining salves  and  different  apparatus,  used  more 
particularly  by  the  dressers  in  hospitals. 

BOK,  Vomiturition. 

BOKKING,  Eructation,  Vomiting. 

BOL,  Bolus — b.  d'Armenie,  Bole,  Armenian — 
b.  Oriental,  Bole,  Armenian  —  b.  Blanc,  Bolus 
alba — b.  Rouge,  Bole,  Armenian. 

BOLA,  Mvrrha. 

BOLCHON,  Bdellium. 

BOLE,  Bolus,  (F.)  Bol,  Terre  bolaire,  meant, 
"with  the  older  writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used 
as  an  absorbent  and  alexipharmic.  The  various 
boles  had  different  forms  given  to  them,  and  were 
stamped,  or  sealed,  hence  called  Terrce  sigillata?  ; 
as  in  the  following  : 

Bole  Arme'niax,  Bole  Arme'ninc,  B.  Ar'tne- 
nic,  Argil' la  ferrugin'ea  rubra,  A.  Bolus  rubra, 
Sinapisis,  Arena'men,  Bolus  Orienta'lis  seu  Ar- 
meniaea  seu  Arme'nice  seu  rubra,  (F.)  Bol  d'Ar- 
menie ou  oriental  ou  rouge.  A  red,  clayey  earth, 
found  not  only  in  Armenia,  but  in  several  coun- 
tries of  Europe,  —  in  Tuscany,  Silesia,  France, 
&c.  It  was  once  esteemed  a  tonic  and  astringent, 
and  was  applied  as- a  styptic.  It  is  now,  scarcely, 
if  ever,  used.  It  consists  of  argil,  mixed  with 
lime  and  iron. 

BOLESIS,  Coral. 

BOLESON,  Balsam. 

BOLET  ODORANT,  Dsedalea  suaveolens. 

BOLETUS  AGARICUS,  B.  Laricis— b.  Albus, 
Boletus  laricis  —  b.  Cervinus,  Elaphomyces  gra- 
nulatus — b.  Discoideus,  Dredalea  suaveolens. 


Bole'tus  Esculen'tus,  (F.)  Morelle.  Ord. 
Fungi.  An  eatable  mushroom,  found  in  the 
woods  in  Europe,  and  much  admired  by  Gastro- 
nomes. It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  aphro- 
disiac. 

Boletus  Fulvus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Hippocrepis, 
B.  igniarius. 

Bole'tus  Igxia'rius.  The  systematic  name 
for  the  Afj'aric,  Agar'icus,  Ayar'icum  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'icus  Ghirnrgo'ntm  seu 
Quercits  seu  ignia'rins,  Polyp'orus  ignia'rins, 
Js'ca,  Bole'tus  uugula'tus  seu  fulvus  seu  hipjtn- 
crepisseu  obtu'sus,  Spunk,  Am'adou,  Punk,  (Prov.) 
Funk,  Fungus  Jgnia'rius,  Fungus  Qiierci'  nns, 
Agaric  of  the  Oak,  Touchwood,  Touchwood  Bole- 
tus, Female  Agaric,  Tinder,  (F.)  Agaric  de  cheue, 
Amadouvier.  It  was  formerly  much  used  by 
surgeons  as  a  styptic. 

Bole'tus  Lar'icis,  B.  Larici'nns^seu  pvrgatoa 
seu  albus  seu  agar'icus  seu  officinalis.  Fuu'gns 
Lar'icis,  Polyp'orus  officinalis,  Agar'icus  ulbna 
seu  Lar'icis,  A.  Albus  op'timns,  White  Agaric, 
(F.)  Agaric  blanc,  A.  Amadouvier.  On  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe  it  has  been  given  as  a  cathartic 
and  emetic,  as  well  as  to  moderate  the  sweats  in 
phthisis. — De  Haen.     Externally,  styptic. 

Boletus  Obtusus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Officinalis, 
B.  laricis — b.  Purgans,  Boletus  laricis — b.  Salicis, 
Dsedalea  suaveolens  —  b.  Suaveolens,  Daedalea 
suaveolens — b.  Touchwood,  Boletus  igniarius. 

BO  LI  MARTIS,  Ferrum  tartarisatum. 

BOLISMOS.  Boulim'ia. 

BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom;  perhaps  the 
Agar'icus  Aurantiacus.  —  Pliny,  Martial,  Seuto- 
nius,  Galen.  It  was  so  called,  in  consequence 
of  its  shape. — from  Bolus. 

BOLLYNGE,  Swelling. 

BOLNING,  Swelling. 

BOLT.  Used,  at  times,  for  to  swallow  without 
chewing, — as  to  "  bolt  one's  food." 

BOLUS,  |3wAo?,  Buccell'a,  a  morsel,  a  mouth- 
ful, a  bole,  (F.)  Bol.  A  pharmaceutical  prepa- 
ration, having  a  pilular  shape,  but  larger;  capa- 
ble, however,  of  being  swallowed  as  a  pill. 

Bolus  Alba,  Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Argil' la  pal- 
Ud'ior: — called  sigilla'ta,  from  being  commonly 
made  into  small  cakes  or  flat  masses,  and  stamped 
or  sealed  with  certain  impressions.  (F.)  Bol 
blanc,  Terre  Sigillee,  Argile  och reuse  pale.  It 
was  used  like  Bole  Armenian,  and  was  brought 
from  Etruria.     See  Terra. 

Bolus,  Alimen'tarv,  Bolus  Aliment  a' 'ri 'us.  The 
bole  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  undergone 
mastication  and  insalivation  in  the  mouth  ;  and 
been  collected  upon  the  tongue  prior  to  degluti- 
tion. 

Bolus  Orienta'lis.  A  kind  of  bolar  earth, 
only  distinguished  from  Bole  Armenian  in  being 
brought  from  Constantinople.  See  Bole,  Armenian. 

Bolus  Rubra,  Bole  Armenian. 

BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.  The  inhabitants 
of  Chili  use  this  plant  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  given 
in  infusion  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

BOMBAX,  Gossypium. 

BOMBEMENT,  Bombus. 

BOMBITATIO,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

BOMBUS,  Au'rium  jiuctua'tio,  A.  Sib'ilvs,  A. 
Son'itus,  A.  Susur'rus,  (F.)  Bombement.  A  kind 
of  ringing  or  buzzing  in  the  ears; — characterized, 
according  to  Sauvages,  by  the  perception  of 
blows  or  beating  repeated  at  certain  intervals. 
Also,  Borborygmus.  See  Fart,  Flatulence,  and 
Tinnitus  Aurium. 

BOMBYX  MORI,  see  Sericum. 

BON,  Coffea  Arabica. 

BONA.  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BONANNIA  OFFICINALIS,  Sinapis  alba. 

BONA  FEVER,  see  Fever,  Bona. 

BONDUE,  Gymnoclaclus  Canadensis. 


BONE 


1  8  •"> 


BORACIC    ACID 


BONE.   0*.   Ot%  i,  (F.)   0*. 

bun.       I  •    :ire  the  solid   ami   hard   parts, 

which  form  the  basil  of  the  bodies  of  animals 
of  the  superior  classes;  and  the  union  of  which 
con? til  human   bodj  has. 

at  the  ;i  .'i  I  age,  -  without  inelading 

the  32  te<  Lh,  the  ossa  Wormiana,  and  tfa 
moid  hones.  Anatomists  diride  them,  from  their 
shape,  into  1.  Long  bonetf  which  form  pnrt  of  the 
limi's.  and  represent  columns  tor  supporting  the 
of  the  body,  or  levers  of  different  kinds 
f»r  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  2.  Ftatbonet,  which 
form  the  parietes  of  Bplanchnic  cavities;  and.  3. 
Short  borne;  met  with  in  parts  of  the  body  where 
solidity  and  some  mobility  are  necessary. 

ned  of  two  different  textures  :  "/'""'J'/  and 
compact.  They  afford,  on  analysis,  much  phos- 
phate snd  carbonate  of  lime,  a  little  phosphate 
of  magnesia,  phosphate  of  ammonia,  oxides  of 
iron  and  manganese,  some  traces  of  alumina  nnd 
silica,  gelatin,    fat.  and    wafer.      The   uses   of  the 

..re  mentioned  nnder  each  hone.  They 
give  shape  to  the  body,  contain  and  defend  the 
Viscera,  and  act  as  levers  to  the  muscles. 

TABLE    OF    TIIK    BONES. 

I  Frontal 1 

Parietal 2 


THE 
1 1  LAD. 


Bones  of 

THE 

Think. 


of  the 
Cranium  or- 
SkuU 


Parietal. 

Occipital 1 

Temporal - 

Ethmoid 1 


t  iphenoid 

|  Superior  Maxillary. 

Jngal  or  Cheek.....*.. 

Nasal 

Bones  of  the  J  Lachrymal 


Acs. 


Denies, 


'    Palatine 2 

Inferior  Spongy 2 

Vomer 1 

Inferior  Maxillary 1 

Incirores 8 

-  Onspidati 4 

Molaree 20 


void  . 


; 

nit:  Dp- 

TKEM1IY. 


Teeth. 

Bone  of  the  J  it. 
Tongue.    \  ">' 

(Malleus 2 

Bones  of  the  \  Incus 2 

Ear.        ^Orbiculare 2 

(  Stapes 2 

(  Cervical 7 

:  12 

(Lumbar 6 

M  1 

ugi* 1 

„,,      n (Sternum 1 

The  Thorax.  |  mu M 

The  Pdris Innoininatum 2 

™<*""''-{sX:;!;;::::::::::::::::::::  ! 

The  Arm Humerus 2 

2 


Fore-arm. 


J  Ulna.. 
(  Radius 


I 

K.Xl  HE- 
WHY. 


Carpus, 

or 


f  Naviculars 2 

Lunaro 2 

Cuueiforme 2 

Orbieolare 2 

Trapezium 2 

Trapeaotdes 2 

Magnum 2 

I'ntiforinc 2 

U 10 

Phalange* 28 

The  Thigh rVmnr 2 

f  Patella 2 

The  Leg.     -;  Tibia 2 

iFibula 2 

IsOs 2 

Partus,   |   latragalus 2 

or       -j  CuboUes 2 

p,    I  Naviculars 2 

[Cuneifonne 8 

10 

r/iatanyes 2s 


Total. 


'J  Jo 


The  hones  of  the  ox,  B<. 
in  pharmacy. 

B    <:-:-Acn,  Osteocopus  ■ 


Taurus,  are  employed 
-  b.  Ague,  Osteocopus. 


Boite,Back, Vertebral  column — b.Bar,Pubis,o?. 

Boars  r.uv<  k.  see  Oarbe  aaisaalis. 

ipula  —  h.  Boat-like,  0s  sea- 
phoides — b.  Breast,  Sternum — b.Crupper,  < 

Bona  Earth,  see  Coma  nstum  —  b.  Fevei 
Inflammation. 

Bone,  BaUNCH,  Ilion — b.  Interparietal.  Inter- 
parietal bone. 

Boss  Phosphatsj  of  Limk.  see  Cernu  nstam. 

Bona,  K'Mi',  Coccyx  —  b.  Share,  Pubis.  —  b. 
Splinter.  Fibula. 

BONEBINDER,  Oateoeolla. 

BONE-DOCTOR,  Renoueur. 

BON  B-M  1  PPBRS,  OtfuVenm,  7"  nae'ula,  from 
iiif",  'I  hold.'  (F.)  Tenaille  incisive.  An  in- 
strument u.-ed  for  cutting  off  splinters  and  car- 
It  is  a  kind  of  forceps,  the  handles  of 
which  are  stronjr,  and  the  edges,  which  touch 
each  other,  cutting. 

BONESET,  Eupatorium  perforatum  —  b. 
Rough,  Eupatorium  teucrifolium —  b.  Upland. 
Eupatorium  se- si  folium. 

BONE-SETTER,    A',  ROWear. 

BONE-SB  AVE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea. 

BONES,  BRITTLENES8  OF  THE,  Fragilitas 
ossium — b.  Friability  of  the.  Fragilitas  ossium — 
b.  Salt  of,  Ammonia'  earbonas —  b.  Softening  of 
the.  Mollities  ossium. 

BONHOMME,  Verbascum  thapsua. 

BONICLATTER,  Bonnyclabber. 

BONIFACIA,  Rosens  hypoglossum. 

BONITHLOBBER,  Bonnyclabber. 

BONNE  DAME,  Atriplex  bortenais. 

BONNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bonnes 
is  a  village  six  leagues  from  Pan.  in  the  depart' 
ment  Basses  Pyrenees,  France.  Here  are  several 
thermal  springs.  They  were  celebrated  as  early 
as  the  time  of  Francis  I.,  under  the  name  Eaux 
qV  Arquebusade.  They  contain  chlorides  of  sodium 
and  magnesium,  sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime, 
sulphur,  and  silica.  The  temperature  is  from  78° 
||  to  98°  Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  Eau  df  Bonnes  is  made  of  H\j- 
drosidphuretted  water,  f^iv  :  pare  water,  <>j.  and 
f.V~  :  chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  xxx ;  sulphate  of 
magnttia,  srr.  i. 

BONNET,  Reticulum. 

BONNETl  DE IX  GLOBES,  Bonnet  d'Hip- 
poerate. 

BONNET  LVHIPPOCRATB,  Cap  of  Hip- 
poe'ratee,  Mitra  ffippocrat'ica,  Fas'eia  capita' lie, 
Pi' leu*  Hippoerat'icue.  A  kind  of  bandage,  the 
invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to  Hippo. -rates. 
||  It  consists  of  a  double-headed  roller,  passed  over 
the  head,  so  as  to  envelop  it  like  a  cap.  The 
French  also  name  it  Bonnet  a  deux  globes,  Cape- 
line  de  la  ti'fi . 

BONNYCLABBER.  Clabber,  from  Irish, haiue, 
'milk.'  and  clabar,  'mire.'  In  Ireland,  sour  but- 
termilk. In  this  country,  the  thick  part  of  sour 
milk.  Boniclatter  nnd  Bonithlobber,  also,  meant 
cream  or  "good  milk  gone  thick.' —  Halliwell. 

BONPLANDIA  ANGUSTTJRA,  Cusparia  fe- 
brifaga — b.  Trifoliate,  Cusparia  febrifuge. 

BONTIA  OERMLNANS.Avioennia  tomentoaa. 

BONUS  GENIUS,  Peucedanum— b.  Henrico*, 
Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

BONY,  Oet 

BOOCim.  Diosma  orenata. 

BOON  UPAS,  Dps* 

BOONA,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

B00T1  V  VULQ  VK1S.  Saponaria. 

BOOTIKIN.  A  glove  with  a  partition  for  the 
thumb,  but  no  separate  ones  for  the  fingers — like 
an  infant's  glove — made  of  oiled  silk. —  Dr.  B.  J. 
Seymour.  Horace  Walpole  speaks  in  raptures  of 
the  benefit  be  derived  from  bootikins  iii  gout. 

BORACIC  ACID,  Ae"idwn  Borae"icum,  Sal 
tedati'vu*    HoarBEB'ei,   Boric  A<;,l,  (F.J   AeitU 


BORAGE 


BOTHRION 


boracique.  An  acid  obtained  from  borax,  which 
was  once  looked  upon  as  sedative.  It  was  also 
called  Acor  Borac"icua,  Sal  vitrioli  narcot'icum, 
Sal  volat'ile  Bora' da,  and  Florea  Boru'cis. 

BORAGE,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORA'GO  OFFICINALIS,  Buglos'sum  re- 
rum  seu  lati/u'lium,  JBorra'go,  Oorra'go,  Bo- 
rago horten'aiti,  Borage,  Burragc,  (F.)  Bourrache. 
Ord.  BoragineaB.  Sex.  St/at.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  have  been  con- 
sidered aperient. 

BORAS  SUPERSODICUS,  Borax. 

BORATHRON,  Juniperus  Sabina. 

BORAX,  Boras  Soda  seu  aupersat'urus  soda? 
seu  alcalea'cens  seu  alcali'num  seu  auperao'difiua, 
Soda?  Bibo'raa,  Subboraa  Soda  seu  na'tricutn, 
Soda  Boraxa'ta,  Chryaocol'la,  Capis'trum  auri, 
Subborate  of protox'  ide  of  So'  dium,Subprotobo'  rate 
of  Sodium,  Borax  Ven'etus,  Borax' trion,  Nitrum 
facti"tium,  &c,  Subbo'rate  or  Bibor ate  of  Soda, 
Borate  of  Soda,  (F.)  Borate  ou  Sous-borate  de 
Sonde,  Borate  sursature  de  sonde.  It  is  found  in 
an  impure  state  in  Thibet  and  Persia.  It  is  in- 
odorous ;  taste  eool,  and  somewhat  alkaline; 
soluble  in  12  parts  of  water.  Borax  is  seldom 
used  except  as  a  lotion  in  aphthae. 

Borate  of  Mercury  has  been  recommended 
as  an  antisvphilitic. 

BORAXTRION,  Borax. 

BORBON'IA  RUSCIFO'LIA.  A  small  South 
African  shrub,  used  in  asthma  and  hydrothorax. 
In  decoction,  it  is  given  as  a  diuretic. — Pappe. 

BORBORUS,  Fimus. 

BORBORYG'MUS,  from  (Soppopvfa,  'I  make  a 
dull  noise.'  Murmur  seu  Bombus  seu  3/otus  In- 
testino'rum,  Anile' ma,  Anile' sis,  Cofliopsoph'ia,  In- 
tona'tio  intestina'lis,  Murmur  ventris  seu  intesti- 
i  (,'le,  Bor'borygm,  (Sc.)  Bluiter,  Blatter,  (Prov.) 
Crolling,  Crawling,  (F.)  Gargouillement,  Grouille- 
ment.  d'Entrailles.  The  noise  made  by  flatus  in 
the  intestines.  This  happens  often  in  health, 
especially  in  nervous  individuals. 

BORD  (F.),  Margo,  Edge,  Margin.  Anato- 
mists have  so  named  the  boundaries  of  an  organ. 
Thus,  the  bones,  muscles,  &c.  have  bords  as  well 
as  bodies.  The  'free  edge,'  bord  libre,  is  one  not 
connected  with  any  part;  the  'adhering  edge,' 
bord  adherent,  one  that  is  connected;  and  the 
bord  articufaire,  or  'articular  margin  or  edge/ 
that  which  is  joined  to  another  bone. 

BORD  CI  LI  AIRE,  Ciliary  margin. 

BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Near  this  great  city,  in  the  south-west  of  France, 
is  a  saline,  chalybeate  spring.  It  contains  oxide 
of  iron,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  and 
sulphate  of  magnesia. 

BORE.  Boron. 

BORE-TREE,  Sambucus. 

BORGNE  (F.),  Codes,  Unoc'ulus,  Luscus, 
Luseio'sus.  One  who  has  only  one  eye,  or  sees 
only  with  one.  The  word  has  been  used,  figu- 
ratively, for  blind,  in  surgery  and  anatomy.  See 
Caecus. 

BORIUM,  Boron. 

BORRHAUSENIA  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

BORN,  past  participle  of  bear,  (F.)  ne.  Brought 
forth  from  the  womb. 

Born  Alive.  It  has  been  decided  by  English 
judges,  that  'to  be  born  alive,'  means,  that  acts 
of  life  must  have  been  manifested  after  the  whole 
body  has  been  extruded;  and  that  respiration  in 
transitu  is  not  evidence  that  a  child  was  born 
alive.  It  must  be  'wholly  born  alive;'  hence 
respiration  may  be  a  sign  of  life,  but  not  of  live 
birth. 

BORON,  Bo'rium,  Borum,  (F.)  Bore.  A  simple 
substance,  the  basis  of  boracic  acid  ;  obtained,  by 
heating  potassium  with  boracic  acid,  as  a  dark, 


olive-coloured  powder,  devoid  of  taste  and  smell. 
Heated  in  the  air  or  in  oxygen,  it  is  converted 
into  boracic  acid. 

BOR'OSAIL,  Zael.  ^Ethiopian  names  for  a 
disease,  very  common  there,  which  attacks  the 
organs  of  generation,  and  appears  to  have  con- 
siderable analogy  with  syphilis. 

BORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORRT,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORRIBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Borse  is 
a  village  in  Beam.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BORUM,  Boron. 

BOSA.  An  ./Egyptian  name  for  a  mass,  made 
of  the  meal  of  darnel,  hemp-seed,  and  water.  It 
is  inebriating. — Prospero  Alpini.  At  the  present 
day,  it  is  applied  to  a  kind  of  acidulated  and, 
sometimes,  fermented  scherbet.  In  its  common- 
est form,  it  is  made  by  fermenting  an  infusion  of 
millet-seed.  A  more  agreeable  Bosa  is  prepared 
by  the  Eg3Tptians  from  tamarinds  and  honey; 
and  by  the  Greeks  from  the  fruit  of  Solanum  Ly- 
copersicum.  This  last  is  called,  by  them,  Apoata- 
tikov,  Drosis'ticon. 

BOSCHESJESMANSTHEE,  Methystophyl- 
lum  glaucum. 

BOSOM,  see  Mamma. 

BOSSA,  Plague  token. 

BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance  —  b.  Kasale, 
Nasal  protuberance. 

BOSSU,  see  Hump. 

BOSWELLIA  SERRATA,  see  Juniperus  lycia 
— b.  Thurifera,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  Fora'menJBota'le  seu 
Botal'lii,  Fora'men  Ova'le,  (F.)  Trou  de  Bo- 
tal,  Trou  ovale.  A  large  opening  which  exists 
in  the  foetus  in  the  partition  between  the  two 
auricles  of  the  heart;  and  by  means  of  which 
the  blood  passes  from  one  to  the  other.  Its 
discovery  is  generally  attributed  to  Leonard  Bo- 
tallus,  Botal,  or  Botalli,  who  wrote  in  15C2.  It 
was  spoken  of,  however,  by  Vesalius,  and  even 
by  Galen. 

BOTANE,  Herb. 

BOTANICAL  DOCTOR,  Herb-doctor. 

BOTAN1QUE  MEDIC  ALE,  Botany,  medical. 

BOT'ANY,  MEDICAL,  Botan'ica  Med'ica, 
Medici'na  Botan'ica,  Phytolog"ia  Jlcd'ica,  from 
j3oravn,  'an  herb,'  (F.)  Botanique  Medicale.  The 
knowledge  of  the  properties,  characters,  &c.  of 
those  vegetables  which  are  used  in  medicine. 

B0TA1VG0,  (F.)  Botargue.  A  preparation 
made  in  Italy  and  the  south  of  France,  with  the 
eggs  and  blood  of  the  Mugilceph'alus  or  Mullet, 
strongly  salted,  after  it  has  become  putrescent. 
It  is  used  as  a  condiment. 

BOTARGUE,  Botargo. 

BOTCH,  (I.)  Bozza.  Of  old,  a  swelling  of  the 
skin.     A  phlegmon.     A  large  ulcerous  affection. 

BOTHOR.  An  Arabic  term  for  abscess  in  the 
nares.  It  means,  also,  a  tumour  in  general; 
especially  those  which  are  without  solution  of 
continuity. 

BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  B.  lotus,  Bothrio- 
ceph' alum, from  ffodpiov,  'a  small  pit,'  and  KccpaXij, 
'head.'  Botrioceph'alua,  Diboth'rium  latum, 
Ta?'nia  lata  seu  vnlga'ris  seu  os'culis  lateral' ibus 
gem'inis  seu  grisea  seu  membrana'cea  seu  tenel'la 
seu  denta'ta  seu  hnma'na  iner'mia  seu  prima  seu 
os'culis  lateral' ibus  solita'riis  seu  aceph'ftla  seu 
oscidis  superficial' ibus,  Lumbri'cus  latvs,  Plate'a, 
Haly'sis  membrana'cea  seu  lata,  (F.)  Tenia  d  an- 
neaicx  courts  ou  von  arme,  Ver  solitaire,  Broad 
Tape-worm.  Common  in  Switzerland,  Russia, 
and  some  parts  of  France.  It  inhabits  the  intes- 
tines of  man,  and  extends  to  an  enormous  length. 
A  broken  specimen  has  been  obtained  60  yards 
long. — Goeze. 

BOTH'RION,  Both'rium,  from  QoSpiov,  'a  small 


BOTHRIUM 


137 


BOURBOX-LANCY 


pit.  cavity.'  fto,  An  alueolut,  or  snail  fo--i.  A 
Hiall,  ID   the   cornea. — Galen,  Paulus 

of  Mg il  Mette. 

BOI  HRIUM.  Bothrion,  Foesette. 

I',"  rHROS,  Fovea. 

B0T1  N.  T.reliinthina. 

BOTIUM,  Bronehoeen. 

BOTOTHINUM.      An   obscure   term,   D8«d   by 

Paracelsus  to  denote  tlie  most  striking  symptom 
of*  disease: — the  Floe  norbi. 

BOTOU,  Pareira  brava. 

BOTRIOCEPB  \LI'S.  Bothrioeephalus. 

BOTRION,  Alveolus. 

BOTROPHIS  BERPENTARIA,  Actaea  race- 

BOTRYS.  Chenopodium  botrys,  see  Yitis  vini- 
fera  —  b.  Ambrosioides,  Chenopodium  ambrosio- 
ides—  b.  Americana,  Cbenopodiom  ambrosioides 
— b.  Anthelmintica,  Cbenopodium  anthelminti- 
cum — b.  Mexicana,  Cbenopodium  ambrosioides, 

A  thin  boot  or  buehin,  > 
h'vior.     An  instrument  which  resembles  a  small 

1 t.  furnished  with  springs,  straps, buekl 

and  used  to  obviate  distortions  of  the  lower  ex- 
tremities in  children. 

BO  !  I  i.;'  NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOTTLE-STOOP.  Co  Pharmacy,  an  arrange- 
ment for  giving  the  proper  inclination  to  a  bottle 
containing  a  powder,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  con- 
tents  being  readily  removed  by  the  knife,  in  dis- 
pensing  medicines.  It  consists  of  a  block  of 
w I  with  a  groove  in  the  upper  surface,  to  re- 
ceive the  bottle  in  an  oblique  position. 

BOTTOM,  Nates. 

BOTTRY-TREE,  Sambueua. 

BOUB  ILIOS,  Mouiordica  elaterium,  Vulva. 

BOUBON,  Bubo. 

BOUCAGE  A  NTS,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  b. 
Mttjeur,  Pimpinella  magna  —  b.  Mineur,  Pimpi- 
nella saxi  frags — !>.  Petit,  Pimpinella  Bazifraga. 

BOUC  II  !■:,  Mouth  —  b.  Pdteme,  Clammy 
mouth. 

BOUt  'I.  KM  EXT,  Tnfibulation. 

BOUE,  see  Corruption. 

/,''//'/-:  &PL&NIQUE.  The  altered  blood  ex- 
travasated  into  the  splenic  cells  has  been  so 
called. 

B0UE8  DES  i:\rx  (P.),  Bouee MiniraUt, 
BaVnea  Camo'ea.     The   mud   or   swamp,  formed 
near  mineral  springs,  impregnated  with  the  Bub- 
•  uned   in   such   springs,  ami  conse- 
quently j  similar  properties.   TheBouee 

are  applied  generally  and  topically,  in  France,  at 
the  springs  of  St.  Amand.  Pa-.rneres'  de  Luchon, 
.  and  Bareges;  in  the  United  States,  at 
the  wiiite  Sulphur  in  Virgini  i 

BOUES  MINORA  LES,  Boue*  de*  mux. 

BOUFFE,  (F.)  The  small  eminence,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  two  lips. — Delaurens. 

Jioti  i  k.  Kructation. 

BOUFF&E  DE  CHALEUR,  Flush. 

BOUFFISSUBE,  Puffineaa. 

BOUGIE,   (F.)     A   wax   candle:    OandeVula, 

•  ieu  mediea'ta,  Ce'reum  medi- 

ea'tum,  ('i  ,->',, lux  (Thirurgo'rwn,  Da'dion,  SpeciV- 

htm  <  -f'm  i  hi,  Virga  ee'rea,  i  '•  re'olue.     A  flexible 

cylinder,  variable  in  sise,  to  be  introduced  into 

the  urethra.  OSSOphagUS,  rectum,  4c,  lor  the  jmr- 

poae  of  dilating  these  canal-,  when  contracted. 
A  Simple  Bougie  is  composed  of  .-olid  and  inso- 
luble substances;  as  plaster,  elastic  gum,  gutta 
percha,  catgut  —  {Bougie  <l<-  ('mil,-  d  boyaUf)  «tc. 
It  act-  of  course  only  mechanically. 

Bougtb,  Mkh'k  \ti  d,  (V.)  B.  Midicamenteuee, 
has  the  addition  of  so escharotio  or  other  sub- 
stance to  destroy  the  obstacle;  as  In  the  CauMie 
Bougie,  F.  B.  eautirieante,  B.  armte,  B  emplae- 
tique,  which  has  a  small   portion   of  Lunar  Caut- 


tie  or  Common  Cauelie  inserted  in  its  extremity. 
l»uc. imp  bas  recommended  s  Bougie,  which  swells 
out  near  it-  extremity,  for  the  better  dilating  of 
the  urethra.  This  be  calls  B.  i  ventre.  The 
metallic  Bougie,  invented  by  Smyth,  is  a  compo- 
sition of  metal,  allowing  of  great  flexibility;  and 
a  hollow  Bougie  is  one  with  a  channel  running 
through  it.  to  be  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
catheter,  or  other*  ISC. 

Boi  QIB,  UTKitiNK.  Sound,  uterine. 

BOUILLIE,  (F.)  Pultie'ula,  Pap,  from  (F.) 
bouittir,  'to  boil.'  Flour,  1. eaten  ami  boiled  with 
milk.      It  is  a  common  food  for  infant-. 

BOUILLON,  (F.)  from  bouillir,  'to  boil/  Jut, 
Sorbit"io.  A  liquid  food,  made  by  boiling  the 
flesh  of  animals   in  water.      The  OSmazODV 

tin.  and  soluble  salts  dissolve;  the  fat  melts, and 
the  albumen  coagulates.  Bouillon  is  nourishing, 
owing  to  the  gelatin  and  osmazome.  The  Ju*  de 
Viande  is  a  very  concentrated  Bouillon,  prepared 

of  beef,  mutton,  veal,  Ac. 

TLLON,  in  common  language,  iii  France, 
means    a    round    fleshy    excrescence,    sometimes 
:i  the  centre  of  a  venereal  ulcer. 
BOUILLON  BLANC,  Verbaacum  nigrum. 
BOUILLONS    MtDlCINAUX  on    I'UAR- 
MACEUTIQUES,    Medicinal   or    Pharmaceutic 
Bouillons,  contain  infusions  or  decoctions  of  me- 
dicinal herbs.     The  Bouillon  cruas  herben  is  gene- 
rally composed  of  eorrel  or  beet. 

BOUILLON  <T OS,  il-\)  Bouillon  from  bone* 
is  obtained  by  treating  bones  with  muriatic  acid, 
in  order  to  dissolve  the  earthy  parts.  The  gela- 
tin, which  remains,  is  then  boiled  with  a  little 
meat  and  vegetables. — D'Arcet.  Bouillon,  how- 
ever, can  be  easily  obtained  from  the  bones  of 
roast  meat  bv  simple  coction. 
BO  f  If.  I.  ONNEMENT,  Ebullition. 
BOUIS,  Buxus. 

BOULK  I)'. [i HER,  Ferrum  tartarizatura— 6. 
de  Mare,  Ferrum  tartari/.atum  —  b.  de  Moleheimt 
Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  b.  de  Nancy,  Ferrum  tar- 
tari/.atum. 

BOULEAU  COMMUN,  Betula  alba. 
BOULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BOULIM'IA,  Bulim'ia,  71, dh,,'!,,*,  Bu'limue, 
Bou'limoe,  Bulimi'aeie,  Bolie'moe,  Eclim'ia.  Fame*, 
eani'na  sen  bovi'na  sen  lupi'na,  Appeti'tue  i-mii- 
hus,  Appeten'tia  eani'na,  Adepha'gia,  Oynorex,iat 
eyno'dee,  Bupi'na,  Bupei'na,  Phages' na, 
Phagedena,  from  (3o»f,  'an  ox,'  and  Ai/io?, 
•  hunger  ;'  or  from  0ov,  augmentative  particle,  and 
A/^oj,  'hunger,'  (F.)  Boulimie,  Faim  can 
divorante,  Polyphagie.  An  almost  insatiable 
hunger.  A  canine  appetite.  It  is  sometimes 
seen  in  hysteria  and  pregnancy;  rarely  under 
other  circumstan 

BOULIMIE,  Boulimia. 
BOULOGNE,     MINERAL     WATERS     OF. 
Boulogne  is  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais, 
France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 
BOUNCING  BET,  Saponaria. 
BOUND,  Costive. 
BOUNTREE,  Sambuous. 
BOUQUET  ANATOMIQUE  UK  RTOLAN, 
(F.)  from  bouquet,  a  collection  of  flowers  or  other 
sub-tanccs  tied  together.    A  name  given,  by  some 
anatomists,  to   the  collection  of  ligaments  and 

muscles,  inserted   into   the  styloid  process  of  tho 

temporal  bone. 

Boi  "i  i  i  Phvbr,  Dengue. 
BOURBIl  LON,  see  Furunculus  (core). 
BOURBON  LANCY,    MINER  VL   WATERS 
OF.     Bourbon-Lancy  Is  s  small  village   io   tho 

department     of    Saonecl    Loin.     I'rai :     where 

there  are  thermal  saline  springs,  containing  ear- 
acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 

iiloride  of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  iron, 


BOURBON   L'ARCHAMBAUT        138 


BRACHIOCYLLOSIS 


and    silica.     Their   heat   is    from   106°    to   135° 
Fahrenheit. 

BOURBOX  L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  This  town  is  in  the  department 
of  Allier,  si*  leagues  west  from  Moulins,  and 
has  heen  long  celebrated  for  its  thermal  chaly- 
beate waters.  They  contain  sulphohydrie  acid, 
sulphate  of  soda,  magnesia,  and  lime,  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  silica.  Their  temperature  varies 
between  136°  and  145°  Fahrenheit. 

BOURBOXXE-LES-BAIXS,  MINERAL 
"WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  seven  leagues 
from  Langres,  department  of  Haute  -Marne, 
France.  They  are  thermal  and  saline,  and  have 
been  long  celebrated.  Temperature  from  106° 
to  133°  Fahrenheit.  The  Factitious  renter,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Bourbonne-les- Bains,  Aqua  Borvonen'sis, 
is  composed  of  renter,  containing  twice  its  bulk 
of  carbonic  acid,  f^xxss;  chloride  of  sodium, 
f  3J'  chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  x,  etc. 

'bOURBOULE.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  near  Mont  d'Or,  where  there  are  two 
thermal  saline  springs. 

BOURDAINE,  Rba m n us  frangul a, 

BOURDONNEMENT,  Tinnitus  annum. 

BOURDONNET,  Pulcil'lns,  P.  e  linamen'tis 
confec'tus  seu  rotun'dus,  Dossil.  A  term  in  French 
surgery  for  charpie  rolled  into  a  small  mass  of 
an  olive  shape,  which  is  used  for  plugging  wounds, 
absorbing  the  discharge,  and  preventing  the 
union  of  their  edges.  In  cases  of  deep  and  pene- 
trating wounds,  as  of  the  abdomen  or  chest,  a 
thread  is  attached  to  them  by  which  they  may 
be  readily  withdrawn,  and  be.  prevented  from 
passing  altogether  into  those  cavities. 

BOURGEXE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURGEOX,  Granulation,  Papula— b.  Char- 
nu,  Granulation. 

BOURGEOXXEVEXT,  see  Generation. 

BOURGEOXS.  Gutta  rosea. 

BOURGUEPIXE,  Rhamnus. 

BOURRACHE,  Borago  officinalis. 

BOURRELET  (F.)  A  Pad,  a  Border.  A 
fibrocartilaginous  border,  which  surrounds  cer- 
tain articular  cavities,  such  as  the  glenoid  cavity 
of  the  scapula  and  the  acetabulum  ;  by  which  the 
depth  of  those  cavities  is  augmented.  See  Cor- 
pus Callosum. 

BOURRELET  ROULE.  Cornu  ammonis. 

BOURSE  &  BERGER,  Thlaspibursa—  b.  d 
Pasteur,  Thlaspibursa. 

BOURSES  (LES),  Scrotum—  b.  Mucilacji- 
neuses,  Bursae  mucosae  —  b.  JIuqueuses,  Bursae 
mucosae. 

BOURSOUFLURE,  Puffiness. 

BOURTREE,  Sambucus. 

BOUSSOLE,  Glossanthrax. 

BOUT  DE  SEIX  (F.),  'End  of  the  breast,' 
'nipple.'  An  instrument  of  caoutchouc  or  ivory 
to  place  over  the  nipple  when  the  infant  sucks, 
soon  after  delivery,  or  where  the  nipple  is  in  a 
morbid  condition. 

BOUTOX,  Papula— b.  d'Alep,  see  Anthrax— 
b.  Malin,  see  Anthrax  —  b.  d'Or,  Ranunculus 
acris.  v 

BOUTOXXrERE  (F.),  Fissu'ra,  Incis'io.  A 
long  incision  made  into  the  urethra  to  extract  a 
calculus  from  the  canal,  when  it  is  too  large  to 
be  discharged. 

Also,  a  small  incision  or  puncture,  made  in  the 
peritoneum,  or  above  the  pubis,  to  penetrate  the 
bladder  in  certain  cases  of  retention  of  urine. 

BOVACHEVO.  Datura  sanguinea. 

BOVILL.E.  Rubeola. 

BOVISTA.  Lvcoperdon. 

BOWEL.  Intestine. 

BOWLEGGED,  see  Cnemoscoliosis. 


BOWMAN'S  CAPSULE,  see  Kidnev. 

BOWMAN'S  ROOT,  Euphorbia  corollata,  Gil- 
lenia.  trifoliata,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BOXBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

BOX,  MOUNTAIN,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BOX  TREE.  Buxus,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOXWOOD,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOY  All,  Intestine— b.  Pollinique,  see  Pollen. 

BRABYLOX,  Prunuin  Damascenum. 

BRACIIERIOLUM,  Truss. 

BRACHERIUM.  Truss. 

BRACHIA  COPULATIVA,  see  Peduncles  of 
the  Cerebellum. 

BRACHIA  POXTIS,  see  Peduncles  of  the 
Cerebellum. 

BRACHLEUS,  Brachial  — b.  Internus,  Bra- 
chialis  anterior. 

BRA'CHIAL,  Brachia'lis,  Brachia>'us,  from 
Brachium,  '  the  arm.'     What  belongs  to  the  arm. 

Brachial  Apoxeuro'sis.  An  aponeurosis, 
formed  particularly  by  expansions  of  the  tendons 
of  the  latissimus  dorsi,  pectoralis  major,  and  del- 
toides  muscles,  and  which  completely  envelops 
the  muscles  of  the  arm. 

Brachial  Artery,  Arte'ria  brachia'lis.  ITu'. 
meral  Artery,  (F.)  Artere  ou  Tronc  brachial. 
The  artery,  which  extends  from  the  axilla  to  the 
bend  of  the  elbow  ;  where  it  divides  into  A.  cnbi- 
talis  and  A.  radialis.  It  passes  along  the  inter- 
nal edge  of  the  biceps,  behind  the  median  nerve 
and  between  the  accompanying  veins.  Under 
the  name  Brachial  Artery,  Chaussier  includes 
the  subclavian,  axillary,  and  humeral,  the  last 
being  the  brachial  proper. 

Brachial  Muscle,  Anterior,  Mwt' cuius  Bra- 
chia'lis Ante' rior,  Brachia'lis  interims  seu  anti'- 
cii8,  Braehim'us,  B.  intermts,  (F.)  Muscle  brachial 
interne,  Humero-cubital —  (Ch.)  This  muscle  is 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
arm,  and  before  the  elbow-joint.  It  arises,  fleshy, 
from  the  middle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  Use,  To 
bend  the  fore-arm. 

Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus  Brachia'lis,  is  a 
nervous  plexus,  formed  by  the  interlacing  of  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  cervical  pairs 
and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  deeply  seated  in  the 
hollow  of  the  axilla,  and  extends  as  far  as  the 
inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  gives 
off  the  thoracic  nerves,  supra  and  infra  scapular, 
and  the  brachial  (which  are  six  in  number),  the 
axillary,  cutaneous,  musculo-cutaneous,  radial, 
cubital,  and   median. 

Brachial  Yeixs  are  two  in  number,  and  ac- 
company the  artery,  frequently  anastomosing 
with  each  other:  they  terminate  in  the  axillary, 
Under  the  term  Brachial  Veins,  Chaussier  in- 
cludes the  humeral,  axillary,  and  subclavian. 

BRACHIALE.  Carpus. 

BRACHIAL'GIA,  Xeural'gia  Brach ia'lis, 
from  /fya^wv,  'the  arm,'  and  aAyoj,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  arm.  neuralgia  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIALIS,  Brachial— b.  Anticus.  Brachial 
muscle — b.  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— b.  Internus,  Brachial  muscle. 

BRACHIERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHILE.  Truss. 

BRACHILUVIUM,  Bath.  arm. 

BRACHIO-CEPHALIC  ARTERY,  Innomi- 
nata  arteria — b.  Veins,  Innominatae  vena?. 

B  R  A'C  II I O-C  U'B  I T  A  L,  Brach  io-cubita'lis. 
That  which  belongs  both  to  the  arm  and  cubitus. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  internal  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint;  because  it  is  at- 
tached to  the  os  brachii  or  os  humeri  and  to  the 
cubitus  or  ulna. 

BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS,  from  |SWt»v,  'thd 
arm,'  and  KvWuoig,  'the  act  of  making  crooked.' 


BRACIIION 


130 


BXAS 


Curvature  of  the  arm  inwards.  Paralysis  or  loss 
r  from  curvature  of  the  arm. 

BRACHION,  Brachinm. 

BRACHION'CCS,  from  frag***  'the  arm.' 
ing.'     A  tumour  .if  the  arm. 

BRA'i  HIO-RA'DIAL,fli-«eihWaaVa'Kt.  That 
which  belongs  i"  the  brncbium  ami  radius.  Thia 
name  lias  been  applied  t>>  the  external  lateral 
ligament  of  die  elbow-joint,  becanae  it  is  attaohed 
to  the  humerus  and  to  the  radius.  See  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

BRACHIORRHEU'MA,  RkmaunntiJwm  bra'- 
chit',  from  /ipi^icoi',  "the  arm,'  and  utv/Ki.  'detlux- 
ion.  rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIOT'OMY,  Bmekiotom'ia*  from  fipa- 
Xiidv.  'arm.'  and  tvjh),  'incision.'    Amputation  of 

tin'  arm. 

ICHIROLUM,  Truss. 
BRA'CHIUM,  Bru'ckion,  Lmcer'Ut*,  (FA  Bra*, 

'the  arm.'    The  arm  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist, 

or  the  part  between  the  shoulder  and  elbow.    See 
Humei 

r>i:\VmiM     Ahte'riuS.     A    rounded    pt 
Which   passes   from   the  anterior  pair  of  the  cor- 
pora   quadrigemina    (Hates)   obliquely   outwards 
into  the  thalamus  opticus. 

hum  MoVBVS  Qv.utTrs.  Latissimus  dorsi. 

Pi:  \Vmr\i  IV'sti.'imi  s.  A  rounded  process, 
whiefa  passes  from  the  posterior  pair  of  the  qua- 
drigemina  (teatea)  obliquely  outwards  into  the 
optie   thalamus. 

BRACHUNA,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

BRACHYAU'CHEN,  from  3p«Xvs,  'short/ and 
Deck.'      One  who  has  a  short  neck. 

BR  ACHYC  EP 1 1 '  A  LM  |  *  I  entes ),  •  short  heads.' 
from  ,ori\i>,  '.-hurt,'  and  KeQakq,  'head.'  In  the 
classification  of  Retzius,  those  nations  of  men 
whose  cerebral  lobes  do  not  completely  cover  the 
lum — as  the  Slavonians,  Fins,  Persians, 
Turks.  Tartars,  Ac. 

BRACHYCHRONTUS,  from  0paXvs,  'short,' 
and  XJtovos,  'time.'  That  which  continues  but  u 
short  time.  A  term  applied  to  diseases  which 
are  of  short  duration. — Galen. 

BRACHYGNA'THUS,  from  PpaXvs,  'short,' 
and  3  vaBos,  'the  under  jaw.'  A  monster  with  too 
Short  an  under  jaw.  —  Gurlt. 

BRACHYNSIS,  Abbreviation, 

BR  VCHYPNCBA,  Dys] 

PPA<  HYP'OTI,  from  (ionXvq,  'short/  and 
TroT77s.  'drinker.'  They  who  drink  little,  or  who 
drink  rarely.     Hippocrates,  Galen,  Foesiua 

BB  \<  IIYRIIYVCHIS.  from  tya*»s,  'short,' 
v»;,  'snout*'    A  monster  with  too  short  a 

BB  ICHYSMOS,  Abbreviation. 
BR  ICING,  Corroborant, 
BB  \<  KPN".  Pteris  aquilina. 

BB  \|)Y.F.STHK'SIA.  from  foaSvf,  'difficult/ 
and  in  mtion.'      Impaired  sensation. 

BB  U>YBOLISMUS,  Bradyspermatismu*. 
BB  \\>\  ECOIA,  Deafness. 
BRADYLOG"IA,  Dysla'lia  ;  from  0pa6vS, '  diffi- 
cult.' and  X03  .-.■.'  Difficulty  of  speech. 
liilA  ]»^  M  ^.SE'SIS,    Brady  maaae'aie,     impro- 
perly    Bradymaate'tia,     Jfanduca'tio     diffic"ilia, 
from    (Jpaivs,    'difficult,'    and    uaoTHtif,    'maatioa- 
Difficult  mastication.     See  Dysmasesis. 
BB  VDYM  \>'I  i:sis.  Bradyn 
BRADYPEP'SIA,  Tarda  eibo'rum  coneoe'tio, 
'slow,'  and  nirrw,  "I  digest.'     Slow 
Dyspepsia. 
1:1:  ^DYSPERM  AT  I S '  M  1  S.    Bradi/bohVmu; 
1            I'tin  hi  hi' mix  impedi'ta,  Dy*permati*Jmua, 
from  (ipaivg,  'slow,'  and  cnpfia,  '.-perm.'     A  slow 
■••  of  sperm. 
BRADYSU'RIA,    Tenesmus  veai'ca,  (P.)   Ti- 
I                      '  ,  from  ppuevs,  '  difficult/  and  ovpuv, 


'to   pass   the  urine.'      Painful   evacuation   of   the 

urine,  with  perpetual  desire  to  void  it.    Dysnria. 

BRADYTOCIA,  Dystocia, 

BRAG'GET,  Braggart,  Bragwort,  A  name 
formerly  applied  to  a  tisan  of  honey  and  water, 
B(     ll\  dromelL 

BRA1  LIQUIDS,  see  Pinus  sy lrestris  —  6. 
lolophonia, 

BRAIN,  Cerebrum — b.  Fag,  see  Nervous  dia- 
thesis. 

Pi:  un.Fitti.i:,  Cerebellum. 

Brain  Pan,  Cranium — b.Sand,  see  Pineal  gland. 

BRAINE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Braine 
is  a  small  village,  three  leagues  from  Soissons, 
France,  which  has  purgative  waters  similar  to 
those  of  Passy, 

BRAIRETTE,  Primula  veris. 

BRAKE,  COMMON,  Pteris  Aquilina— h.  Pock, 
Polypodium  rulgare,  Polypodium  incanum. 

Brake  Root,  Polypodium  rulgare. 

BRAKING,  Vomiting,  Vomiturition. 

BRAMBLE,  AMERICAN  HAIRY,  see  Rubos 
fruticosus — b.  Common.  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRAMBLE-BERRIES,  Bee  Rubua  fruticosus. 

BRAN,  Furfur. 

BRANC-URSINE  BATARLK,  Heracleum 
spondylium, 

BRANCA  GERMANICA,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium—  b.  TJrsina,  Acanthus  mollis  —  b.  Vera, 
Acanthus  mollis. 

BRANCH,  from  (F.)  Branehe,  originally,  pro- 
bably, from  0/>a;g(tty,  'an  arm,'  [?]  because  branches 
of  trees,  Ac,  go  off  like  arms.  A  term  applied, 
generally,  to  the  principal  division  of  an  artery 
or  nerve.  The  word  is  commonly  used  synony- 
mously with  Ramus;  but  often,  with  the  French, 
Branehe  signifies  the  great  division; — Rameau, 
Pat.  Ram.ua,  the  division  of  the  branches  ;  and 
Ramtutoulea,  Lat.  Ramuaculi,  the  divisions  of 
these  last. 

The  French,  also,  speak  of  the  branches  of  the 
pubis  for  the  Rami  of  that  bone,  branchea  of  the 
ischium  for  the  rami  of  the  ischium,  «fec. 

BRANCHES  BE  LA  MOBILE  ALLON- 
QEE  (PETITES),  Corpora  restiformia, 

BRANCH!,  Branch*.  Swellings  of  the  ton- 
sils, or  parotid,  according  to  some; — of  the  thy- 
roid gland,  according  to  others. 

BRAN'CIIIA,  (Gr.)  HpayXta.  The  gills  or  re- 
spiratory organs  of  fishes,  corresponding  to  tho 
lungs  of  terrestrial  animals. 

BRANCH1  S,  (ipayXos,  Rauce'do.  A  catarrhal 
affection  of  the  mucous,  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
trachea,  &o. — Galen.     Hoarseness, 

BRANCI,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris. 

BRANCIA,  Vitrum. 

BRANDWINE,  Brandy. 

BRANDY,  (G.)  Branntwein,  Dutch, 
Brand wijn,  'burnt  wine/  (Old  Fug.)  Brand- 
wine.  Vinum  adus'tum  sen  crema'tiim,  Aqua 
Vita.  (F.)  Spir'itus  vini  Gall' id,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Spir'itua  GaWicua,  Eau  da  vie,  (S.)  Aguardiente. 
The  first  liquid  product  obtained  by  distilling 
wine.  It  18  composed  of  water,  alci.hu],  and  an 
aromatic  oily  matter,  which  gives  it  it-  flavour. 
Brandy  is  a  powerful  and  diffusible  stimulant, 
and  m  such  is  used  in  medicine.  P  has  be<  a 
also  called  Liquor  A<]iti/i'</itiK.      See  Spirit. 

BuANDY,  Ai'i'u:,  sec  Pyrus  malus — b.  Fgg,  see 
Ovum. 

Bravdt  Bottles,  .-re  Nymphsaa  lutea, 

Pi:  wov-Fack.  Gutta  rosea 
Pi:  INKS,  Cynanehe  parotides. 
BRANKURSINE,  Acanthus  mollis. 

BRANNTWEIN,  Brandy. 
BRAS.     SeeOrysa. 

BRAS,  Brachinm — I.  da  CerveUt,  Corpora  res- 
tiformia. 


BRASDOR'S   OPERATION        140 


BREGMA 


BRASDOR'S     OPERATION    FOR    ANEU-  I 
RISM.     An  operation  by  ligature,  proposed  by  j 
Brasdor,  which  consists  in  the  application  of  the 
ligature  on  the  distal  side  of  the  tumour. 

°BRASEGUR,   MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Brasegur  is  a  place  in  the    diocese  of   Rhodez, 
where  there  are  cathartic  waters. 
BRASENIA,  B.  Hydropeltis. 
Brase'nia   Hydropel'tis,   Brase'nia,   B.  Pel- 
t'i'tK,  Hydropel'tis  purpu'rea,  Gefatina  ttquat'ica, 
Frogleaf,  Little   Water  Lily,   Water  Jelly,  Water 
shield,    Water  target,   Decrfood.     An  indigenous 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae,  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
andria  Polygynia,  flourishing  from  Kentucky  to 
Carolina  and  Florida;  and  covering  the  surface 
of  ponds,  marshes,   Ac.     The   fresh   leaves    are 
mucilaginous,  and  have  been  used  in  pulmonary 
complaints,  dysentery,  &c,  like  Cetraria. 
Brasenia  Peltata,  B.  Hydropeltis. 
BRASH,    (Sc),   of  uncertain    etymology.     A 
transient  attack  of  sickness.     A  bodily  indispo- 
sition.— Jamieson.     A  rash  or  eruption.  (Prov. 
West  of  England.) 

Brash,  Water,  Pyrosis, 

Brash,     Weaning,     (Sc.)     Speaning     brash, 
Atroph'ia    Abl aetata' rum.       A    severe     form     of 
diarrhoea,  which  supervenes  at  times  on  weaning. 
The  Maladie  de  Cruveilhier  appears  to  be  a  simi-  I 
lar  affection. 

BRASILETTO,  see  Caesalpinia. 
BRASIUM,  Malt. 
•  BRASMOS,  Fermentation. 

BRASS,  Sax.  bnar,  Welsh,  pres.  Aurichal'- 
eum,  properly,  Orichal'cum,  ('mountain  brass,' 
from  ooos,  'a  mountain,'  and  xa\icos,  'brass.') 
Chrysochal'cos,  Chalcns,  Esecavum,  (F.)  Airain. 
A  yellow  metal,  formed  by  mixing  copper  with 
calamine.  The  same  general  remarks  apply  to  it 
as  to  copper.     See  Cuprum, 

BRAS'SICA,  Crambe,  B.olera'cea  seu  capita'- 
ta  seu  cuma'na  of  the  old  Romans.  The  Cab- 
bage, (F.)  Chou  potager.  Order,  Cruciferae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  Cato  wrote  a 
book  on  its  virtues.  It  is  a  vegetable  by  no 
means  easy  of  digestion  when  boiled;  when  raw, 
it  appears  to  be  more  digestible.  When  forming 
a  solid  globular  mass,  like  a  head,  it  is  the  B. 
Capita' ta,  (F.)  Chou-Cabus,  Chou  Pomme. 

Brassica  CARINA,  Mercurialis  perennis — b. 
Capitata,  Brassica — b.  Cumana,  Brassica. 

Bras'sica  Eru'ca,  B.  his'pida,  Eru'ca,  E.foz'- 
tida  seu  sati'ra,  Sina'pis  eru'ca,  Sisym'briiun 
erucas'trum,  Garden  Rocket,  Roman  Rochet, 
Shinlock,  &C,  (F.)  Chou  Roquette,  Roquette. 
This  was  considered  by  the  Romans  an  aphrodi- 
s;ac-  —  Columella.  The  seeds  were  ordinarily 
used. 

BRAS'SICA  Flor'ida, —  Bras'sica  Pompeia'na 
of  the  ancients — the  Cauliflower,  Caulis  Flor'ida, 
(F.)  Chou-Jleur,  is  a  more  tender  and  digestible 
variety. 

The  Broc'coli,  B.  Sabel'lica  of  the  Romans,  B. 
Ital'ica,  belongs  to  this  variety. 

Brassica  Hispid  a,  B.  eruca  —  b.  Italica,  B. 
Florida — b.  Marina.  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Bras'sica  Napus,  Napm  Syh-estris,  Bu'nias, 
B ape,  (F.)  Xavette.  The  seed  yields  a  quantity 
of  oil. 

Brassica  Nigra,  Sinapis  nigra — b.  Oblonga, 
j}.  rapa  —  b.  Oleracea,  Brassica  —  b.  Pompeiana, 
B.  Florida. 

Bras'sica  Rapa,  Rapa  rotun'da  seu  oblon'ga 
seu  napus,  Rapum  majiis,  Sina'pis  tubero'sa, 
Turnip,  (F.)  Chou  navet,  Navet,  Race.  The  tur- 
nip is  liable  to  the  same  objection  (but  to  a  less 
extent)  as  the  cabbage. 

Brassica  Sadellica,  B.  Florida. 
BRATHU,  Juniperus  sabina. 
BRATHYS,  Juniperus  sabina. 


BRAWLINS,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Vaccinium 
vitis  idaea. 

BRAWN,  Muscle. 
B HAVER,  Truss. 

BRAYERA  ANTIIELMINTICA,  Hagenia 
Abyssinica. 

BRAZIL  WOOD,  Caesalpinia  echinata. 
BREAD,  see  Triticum. 

Bread,  Gluten.  Bread  made  of  wheat  dough 
deprived  of  the  chief  portion  of  its  starch  by 
washing.  Bread,  made  of  gluten  only,  cannot 
be  eaten,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and  tough- 
ness ;  hence  one-fifth  of  the  normal  quantity  of 
starch  is  allowed  to  remain,  and  in  this  form  the 
bread  is  said  to  be  tolerably  light,  eatable,  and 
moderately  agreeable. 

Bread,  Household,  Syncomistos. 
BREADBERRY,  Pap.  4 

BREAD-FRUIT  TREE,  Artocarpus. 
BREAKBONE  FEVER,  Dengue. 
BREAST,  Thorax,  Mamma— b.  Abscess  of  the, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa  —  b.  Pigeon,  see  Lor- 
dosis. 

BREAST-GLASS,  Milk-glass.  A  glass  applied 
to  the  nipple  to  receive  the  milk  when  secreted 
copiously  by  the  mamma. 

Breast,  Irritable,  Neuralgia  mammae. 
BREAST-PANG,    SUFFOCATIVE,    Angina 
pectoris. 

BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia  Lactea. 
BREASTWEED,  Saururus  cernuus. 
BREATH,  Sax.  bpase,  (Old  Eng.)  Aande, 
and  Ande,  Hal'itus,  Anhel'itus,  An'imus,  Spir'- 
itus,  At'mos,  (F.)  Haleine.  The  air  expelled  from 
the  chest  at  each  expiration.  It  requires  to  be 
studied  in  the  diagnosis  of  thoracic  diseases  espe- 
cially.    See  Respiration. 

Breath,  Offensive,  Factor  Oris,  Catostoma- 
tosphre'sia,  Hal'itus  oris  fee' tidus,  Oze.  An  offen- 
sive condition,  which  is  usually  dependent  upon 
carious  teeth,  or  some  faulty  state  of  the  secre- 
tions of  the  air  passages.  The  internal  use  of  the 
chlorides  may  be  advantageous. 

Breath,  Saturnine,  see  Saturnine — b.  Short, 
Dvspncea. 

BREATHING  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
Breathing,  Difficulty  of,  Dyspnoea. 
BRECHET,  (F.)  The  Brisket.     This  name  is 
given  in  some  parts  of  France  to  the  cartilago 
ensiformis,  and  sometimes  to  the  sternum  itself. 
BRECHMA,  Bregma. 
BRECHMUS,  Bregma. 

BREDISSURE  (F.),  Trismus  Capistra'tus. 
Incapacity  of  opening  the  mouth,  in  consequence 
of  preternatural  adhesion  between  the  internal 
part  of  the  cheek  and  gums;  often  occasioned  by 
the  abuse  of  mercury. 

BREDOUILLEMENT  (F.),  Tituban'tia.  A 
precipitate  and  indistinct  mode  of  utterance,  in 
which  a  part  only  of  the  words  is  pronounced, 
and  several  of  the  syllables  viciously  changed. 
This  defect  is  analogous  to  stuttering,  but  differs 
from  it  in  being  dependent  on  too  great  rapidity 
of  speech  ;  whilst  stuttering  is  characterized  by 
continual  hesitation,  and  frequent  repetition  of 
the  same  syllables. 
BREE,  Supercilium. 
BREED,  Race. 

BREEDING,  Generation,  Pregnant. 
Breeding,  Cross.    The  act  of  raising  or  breed- 
ing from  different  stocks  or  families. 

Breeding-in-and-in.     The  act   of  raising   or 
breeding  from  the  same  stock  or  family. 
BREELLS,  Spectacles. 

BREGMA,  Brechma,  Brechmus,  from  (3p£%civ, 
'to  sprinkle;'  Foutanel'la,  Sin'ciput.  The  top 
of  the  head  was  thus  called,  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  humid  in  infants;  and,  according  to 


BREGMATODYMIA 


141 


BROMINE 


gome,  because  it  was  conceived  to  correspond  to 
the  most  hatnid  part  <>f  the  brain. 

BREGMATODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 

BRENNING,  Burning. 

BREPIIOCTONON,  Conyxa  squarrosa. 

BREPHOTROPHB'UM,  Ecthelobrepkotrophe'- 
„„,,  frur  '«  Dew-born  child,'  and  rpiQtiv, 

«to  nourish.'     A  foundling  hospital. 

]tl! KS! I.LI-yr,  Csesalpina  sappan. 

BRE'VIA  YASA,  Short  Vt—eU.  This  name 
n  given  to  BeTeral  branches  of  the  splenic 
arteries  and  veins,  which  arc  distribnted  to  the 
great  enl-dssae  of  the  stomach. 

BB  EYIS  CUBITI,  see  Anconeus. 

BRICK,  (F.)  Brique.  1 1  <  ►  t  bricks  are  some- 
time- used  to  apply  heat  to  a  part,  aa  to  the  ab- 
domen in  colic,  or  after  the  operation  for  popli- 
teal aneurism  :  or.  reduced  to  very  fine  powder, 
and  mixed  with  fat,  as  an  application  to  herpetic 
and  psorio  affections. 

Brii  k^.  Forna'eea  Testa  or  Tile*  were  for- 
merly bruised  in  vinegar,  and  the  liquid  was  used 
•  in  cutaneous  affections.  They  en- 
tered, hIso,  into  a  cerate  used  for  scrofulous  hu- 
mours, Ac.  To  the  Terra  Forna'cum,  or  Brick 
.  the  same  virtues  were  assigned. 

BRTCKLIKE  SEDIMENT,  see  Lateritious. 

BRICUMUM,  Artemisia. 

BRIDE  (P.).  'a  bridle.'  Frenulum,  Reti- 
nae'vlunt.  This  term  is  given,  in  the  plural,  to 
membranous  filaments,  which  are  found  within 
deep-seated  wounds,  and  which  pre- 
vent the  exit  of  pus.  The  term  is,  also,  applied 
to  preternatural  adhesions,  which  occur  in  cica- 
trices of  the  skin,  in  the  urethra,  or  in  inflamed 
serous  of  synovial  membranes. 
BRIEF,  B 

BRIER,  WITT).  Rosa  Oanina. 
BRIGHT'S    DISEASE   OF  THE    KIDNEY, 
see  Kidney.  Bright' a  disease  of  the. 

BRIGHTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  air  of  this 
fashionable  watering-place,  on  the  south  coast  of 
England,  is  dry.  elastic,  and  bracing.  Its  cli- 
mate appears  to  the  greatest  advantage  in  the 
autumn  and  early  part  of  the  winter;  when  it  is 
somewhat  milder  and  more  steady  than  that  of 
Hastings.      Accordingly,   it    is   adapted   for   all 

',  which  a  dry  and  mild  air  at  thi- 
of   the    year    proves    beneficial.     In    the    spring 
months,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of,  and   its   ex- 
to,  north-east  winds,  the  climate  is  cold, 
harsh,  and  exciting  to   the  delicate.     It  is  well 
adapted  for  convalescents,  and  for  all  who  require 
a  dry  and  bracing  sea  air. 
BRIMSTONE,  Sulphur. 
BRINE,  Muria. 

BRINTON   ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 
BRTON.  Corallina. 
BRIQUE,  Brick. 

BRIQUEBEO,    MINERAL    WATERS     OF. 
This  town  is  three  leagues  from  Cherbourg,  in 
France     The  water  contains  chloride  of  iron. 
BRIQUETE,  Lateritious. 
BRISE-COQUE  (F.),  from  briter,  'to  break 
to  pieces,' and  eoqne,  'a  shell.'     An  Instrument 
I   by  Heurteloup  for  breaking  to  pieces 
a  vesical  calculus,  after  it  has  been 
hollowed  by  his  mandrin  &  virgnle. 

BRISE-PIERRE  ARTICULE*  (P.),  from 
brieer,  'to  break  to  pieces,  and  pierre,  'a  Btone.' 
An  instrument  invented  by  Jacobson  for  crash- 
ing the  -tone  in  the  bladder. 

BRISTOL  BOT  WELL,   Brietolien'eii  Aqua. 
is    about    thirteen   miles   from   Bath,  in 
England.     The  water  is  an  almost  pure  thermal; 
y    aoidulated.      It    contains    chlorides   of 
lium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 


oxygen  and  azote.  Temperature,  71°  Fah.  The 
IL.i  Well  has  been  long  celebrated.     Its  action 

is   like   that  of  thermal  waters   in   general      The 

climate  id'  Bristol  is  mild,  and  hence  the  watt  r 

has  been  celeb  rated  for  the  cure  of  incipient  pul- 
monary  consumption.      See  Clifton. 

BRIZOCERAS,  Ergot. 

BROAD,  Sax.  bjian.  Lotus,  (F.)  Large.  Any 
body  IS  SO  termed  whose  transverse  extent  is 
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The 
Broad  Bone*,  such  as  the  frontal,  parietal,  occi- 
pital, iliae,  aid  in  forming  the  parietes  of  splanch- 

nic  cavities.     Broad    khtteUi   generally  occupy 

the  parietes  of  cavities,  and  especially  those  of 
the   chest  and  abdomen.     The  epithet  has  also 

been  applied  to  other  parts— BUS  to  the  broad  liga- 

m>  ntt  of  the  womb,  Ac. 

BROCCOLI,  Brassies  sabellica. 

BROCHOS,  $pox°s.  La'qucns.     A  bandage. 

BROCHT,  Vomiting. 

BROCn'THUS,  faox$os,  Gula.  The  throat. 
Also,  a  kind  of  small  drinking  vessel. —  Hipp. 

BROCHUS.  Pfjoxog.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  one  who  has  a  very  prominent  upper  lip, 
According  to  others  it  means  one  whose  teeth 
project  in  front  of  the  mouth. 

BRO'DIUM.  A  synonym  of  Jut  or  JWcuZum. 
Broth,  or  the  liquor  in  which  any  thing  is  boiled. 
Bro'dium  »<i(in — a  decoction  of  salt. 

BROIEMENTy  see  Cataract,  Laceration  —6. 
de  la  Pierre,  Lithotrity. 

BROKELEAK.  Rumex  bydrolapathum. 

BROKEN  DOSES,  see  Doses,  broken. 

BROKEN-WINDEDNESS,  Asthma. 

BROMA,  Aliment,  Bromine. 

BROMATOECCRISIS,  Lienterv. 

BROMATOG'RAPHY,  Bromatograph'ia,  Bro. 
mog'raphy,  Bromograph'iat  from  0pmua,  'food,' 
and  YfitKpn,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  ali- 
ments. 

BROMATOL'OT.Y.  Bromatolog"ia,  Sitiol'ogy, 
from  /fyw^n,  'food,'  and  Xuyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  food. 

BROME,  Bromine. 

BROMEGRASS,    Bromus    ciliatus  — b.    Soft, 

BromuS    ciliatus. 

BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Glaus 
Bromel.  a  Swede.  Oar1  duns  Braaih'a'nue,  Ano1- 
nat  ova'ta  sen  acttlea'ta,  Anat'sa,  Capa-Iaink'kn, 
Aua'udi  or  Pine  Apple,  Sour  sop.  Order,  Bro- 
meliacem.  A  West  India  tree,  which  produces 
the  most  delicious  of  fruits. 

Bromb'lia  Pingdin,  Ana'naa  America' na,  Pin- 
t/iiin.  Broad-leaved  utild  Ana'naa,  Ac.  The  West 
India  plant,  which  affords  the  Pinguin  fruit.  The 
fruit  is  refrigerant,  and  the  juice,  when  ri; 
austere.  It  i~  used  t<>  acidulate  punch.  A  wii  e 
is  made  from  the  Pinguin,  which  is  very  intoxi- 
cating, and  has  a  good  flavour. 

BROMIC,  Bro'mictu;  same  etymon  as  Bro- 
mine    Containing  bromine. 

BROMIDE  OF  IRON,  Bee  Bromine  —  b.  of 
Mercury,  see  Bromine  —  b.  of  Potassium,  Bee 
Bromine. 

BROMIDRO'SIS,  from  /Wo?,  'stench,'  and 
'lipux;,  '-went.'     Offensive  sweat. 

BROMINE,  ffro'miHttui  (Ph.  V.  S.,  1842),  Bra* 
min'ium  ils.">h,  Broma,  Bromin'eum,  Bro'minm, 
Bro'mina,  Bromum,  ilu'rina,  Muride,  l!r<>m<. 
A  simple  body,  of  a  very  volatile  nature,  and 
highly  offensive  and  suffocating  odour,  whence 
its  name,  from  /fyw/ioj,  'a  stench.'  It  i-  met  with 
chiefly  in  sea-water,  and  in  many  animal  an  1 
Vegetable  I". dies  that  live  therein.  It  has  like- 
wise been  found  in  many  mineral  waters  of  this 
and  other  countries.  In  its  chemical  relations, 
it  may  he  placed  between  chlorine  and  iodine. 
With  oxygen  it  forms  an  acid — the  Bromic,  and 
with  hydrogen  another — the  JlydroLroiuiv. 


BROMIUM 


142 


BRONCHITIS 


Pure  Bromine;  Bromide  of  Iron,  FerriBro'- 
midum,  Ferrum  broma'tum,  (F.)  Br'omure  de  Fer, 
in  solution,  Hydrobromate  of*  Iron,  Fern  hydro- 
bro'mas,  Ferrum  hydrobro' rrticum  oxyda'tum, (dose, 
gr.  i  or  ij,);  and  Bromide  of  Potassium,  Potas'sii 
bro'midum,  (F.)  Bromure  de potassium,  have  been 
used    medicinally,   and  chiefly   in   scrofulosis  — 
internally,  as  well  as  applied  externally.     Bro- 
mine may  be  dissolved  in  forty  parts  of  distilled 
water,  and   six  drops   be  commenced  with  as  a 
dose.    Bromides  of  Mercury  {Hydrar'gyri  Bro'- 
mida,  (F.)  Bromures  de  Mercure),  have  been  given 
in  syphilis.     The  protobromide  and  the  bibromide 
are  analogous  in  composition  and  medicinal  pro- 
perties to  the  corresponding  iodides  of  mercury. 
Chloride    of    Bromine,  Bromin'ii  cldo'ridum 
— made  by  passing  chlorine  through  bromine,  and 
condensing  the  resulting  vapours  by  cold,  has  been 
prescribed   internally,  as  well   as   externally,  in 
cancer;   but  chiefly  in  the   latter  mode,   in   the 
form  of  a  caustic  paste,  either  alone  or  with  other 
chlorides — as  those  of  zinc,  antimony,  and  gold. 
BROMIUM,  Bromine. 
BROMOGRAPHY,  Bromatography. 
BROMOS,  /Jpwjuoj.     One  of  the  cerealia,  sup- 
posed, by  some,  to  be  oats.     See  Avena. 
BROMOSUS,  Fetid. 
BROMUM,  Bromine. 

BROMURE  DE  FER,  see  Bromine- b.  de 
Mercure,  see  Bromine  —  b.  de  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMUS  CILIA'TUS,  B.  purgans,  Brome 
grass;  indigenous:  Order,  Graraineae  ;  is  said  to 
be  emetic,  and  anthelmintic  [?],  cathartic  and 
diuretic.     It  purges  cattle. 

Bromus  Glaber,  Triticum  repens. 
Bromus  Mollis,  Soft  Brome  Grass.    The  seeds 
are  said  to  cause  giddiness   in   man,  and  to  be 
fatal  to  poultry. 

Bromus  Purgans,  B.  ciliatus — b.  Temulentus, 
Lolium  temulentum. 

BRONCHARCTLA,  Bronchiostenosis. 
BRONCHECTASIS,   Bronchia,    dilatation   of 
the. 

BRONCHES,    Bronchia  —  b.    Ganglions    lym- 
phatiques  des,  Bronchial  glands. 
BRONCHI,  Bronchia. 

BRON'CHIA,  Bron'chicp.,  Bronchi,  from  (3poy- 
Xos,  'the  throat.'  The  Latins  used  the  term 
Bronchus  for  the  whole  of  the  trachea ;  whilst 
they  called  its  ramifications  Bronchia.  Bronchia, 
Bronchia,  and  Bronchi,  (F.)  Bronches,  now  mean 
the  two  tubes,  with  their  ramifications,  which 
arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea,  and 
carry  air  into  the  lungs — Can'nulce  pidmo'num, 
Syria'yes  seu  Cana'le*  aerif'eri. 

Bronchia,  Dilatation  of  the,  Dilated  Bron- 
chia, Bronchec'tasis,  Bronchiectasis,  Dilatatio 
bronchia' 'rum.  The  physical  signs  of  this  condi- 
tion are  the  following:  Percussion  usually  clear, 
but  not  unfrequently  less  so  than  natural,  although 
very  seldom  quite  dull.  A  uscultation  detects  coarse 
mucous  or  gurgling  rhonchi,  increased  by  the 
cough,  combined  with,  or  replaced  by,  bronchial 
or  cavernous  respiration,  which  is  often  effected 
as  if  by  a  sudden  puff  or  whiff.  The  resonance 
of  the  voice  is  increased,  but  it  seldom  amounts 
to  perfect  pectoriloquy.  The  most  common  situa- 
tions for  dilated  bronchia  are  the  scapular,  mam- 
mary, or  lateral  regions.  They  are  almost  always 
confined  to  one  side. 

Bronchia,  Obliteration  or  Compression  of 
the.  The  inspiratory  murmur  on  auscultation 
is  weaker  or  wholly  suppressed  over  a  limited 
portion  of  the  chest;  the  expiration  is  generally 
more  distinct  and  prolonged :  all  the  other  con- 
ditions are  natural. 
BRONCHIiE,  see  Bronchia. 


BRON'CHTAL,  Bronchic,  Bronchia'lis,  Bron'- 
ehicus,  (F.)  Bronchial,  Bronchiuu.c.  That  which 
relates  to  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Arteries,  (F.)  Arteres  Rronchiques. 
These  are  generally  two  in  number,  one  going  to 
each  lung.  They  arise  from  the  thoracic  aorta, 
and  accompany  the  bronchia  in  all  their  ramifi- 
cations. 

Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellules  bronchiques. 
The  Air-cells ;  the  terminations  of  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Cough,  (F.)  Toux  bronchique,  T. 
tubaire.  This  generally  accompanies  bronchial 
respiration.  They  both  indicate  obstruction  to 
the  entrance  of  air  into  the  air-cells. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Glan'dulce  Vesalia'ncs, 
Glands  of  Vesa'lius,  (F.)  Glandes  bronchiques, 
Ganglions  lymphatiques  des  bronches,  are  nume- 
rous glands  of  an  ovoid  shape;  of  a  reddish  hue 
in  the  infant,  and  subsequently  brown  and  black, 
seated  in  the  course  of  the  bronchia.  Their  func- 
tions are  unknown.  The  bronchial  glands  may 
be  presumed  to  be  affected  by  scrofulosis,  when, 
in  addition  to  the  existence  of  tumours  in  the 
neck,  percussion  gives  a  dull  sound  under  the 
upper  and  central  part  of  the  sternum,  whilst 
there  is  no  appreciable  lesion  of  the  lungs. 

Bronchial  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  bronchiques, 
are  furnished  by  the  two  pulmonary  plexuses. 

Bronchial  Phthisis,  see  Phthisis  bronchial — 
b.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

Bronchial  Veins  arise  from  the  last  divisions 
of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name,  and  pass,  on 
the  right  side,  into  the  vena  azygos ;  on  the  left, 
into  the  superior  intercostal. 

BRONCHIC,  Bronchial. 

BRONCHIECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation  of 
the. 

BRONCHIITIS,  Bronchitis. 

BRON'CHIOLE,  Bronchiolum,  Bronchiolus  ; 
diminutive  of  Bronchium  or  Bronchus.  A  minute 
bronchial  tube. 

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA,  Bronchopneumo- 
nia. 

BRONCHOSTENOSIS,  Bronchiarc'tia,  from 
Pp°YX°s>  <a  bronchus,'  and  arevwais,  'contraction.' 
Contraction  or  narrowness  of  the  bronchi. 

BRONCHITE  CONVULSIVE,  Pertussis— b. 
Pseudomembranetise,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BRONCHI'TIS,  Bronchii'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
bronchio'rum,  Catar'rhus  Pidmo'num  seu  bron- 
chia'rum,  Pleuri'tis  hu'mida  seu  bronchia'lis, 
Bronchos' ta si 8,  Angi'na  bronchia'lis,  Pul'monary 
Catarrh,  (F.)  Inflammation  des  Bronches.  In- 
flammation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  bron- 
chial tubes.  This  is  always  more  or  less  present 
in  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  ;  and  is  accompa- 
nied by  cough,  mucous  expectoration,  dyspnoea, 
and  more  or  less  uneasiness  in  breathing.  The 
acute  form  is  accompanied  with  all  the  signs  of 
internal  inflammation,  and  requires  the  employ- 
ment of  antiphlogistics  followed  by  revulsives. 
The  chronic  form,  Tussis  seni'lis,  Catar'rhus  seni'- 
lis,  Rheuma  catarrha'le,  Peripneumo'nia  notha, 
Bronchorrhoz'a  acu'ta,  Winter  Cough.  Chronic 
Catarrh,  may  be  confounded  with  phthisis;  from 
which  it  must  be  distinguished  mainly  by  the 
absence  of  hectic  fever  and  of  the  physical  signs 
that  are  characteristic  of  the  latter,  as  well  as 
by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration,  which  is  ge- 
nerally mucous,  although  at  times  muco-purulent. 
When  the  expectoration  is  little  or  none,  the  bron- 
chitis is  said  to  be  dry,  dry  catarrh,  (F.)  Gatarrhe 
Sec. 

When  bronchitis  affects  -the  smaller  tubes,  it  is 
termed  capil'lary  bronchi'tis,  bronchi'tis  capilla'- 
ris,  bronchoc'ace  infantilis  [?],  and  is  often  fatal 
to  children.  Vesic'ular  bronchitis  is  the  term 
proposed  by  M.M.  Rilliet  and  Barthez  for  the 
vesicular  pneumonia  of  children. 


BRONCIIIUS 


1  1 1        BRUIT  DE  CRAQC  E  M  E  X  T 


BBoncHim,  Catarrh — b.  Asthenic*,  Peripneu- 
ni(ini;i  Doiha  —  b»  Capillary,  see   Bronchitis —  b. 
Chronic,  Be«  Bronchitis —  b.  Crouposa,  Polypus 
broncbialis-— b.  Convulsive,  Pertussis — I  • 
dativa,  Polypus  broncbialia, 

schitis,  Mbchak'k  vi..  Inflammation  of 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  air-tabes,  induced  by 
the  inhalation  of  irritating  par 

BaoxcHiTifl  Mkmbrakacba,  Polypus  bronehia- 
lii — h.  Plastic,   Polypus  bronohialis — b.  Pseudo- 
membranous, Polypus  bronohialui —  b.  Bummer, 
Fever,  bay — 1>.  Vesicular,  see  Bronchitis. 
BRONCH  [US,  Sterno-thyroideua. 
BRONCHLRM  M  I T 1 S,  Polypus  broncbialia. 
BRONCHOCACE,   Peripneumonia  notba  — b. 
Infantilis,  see  Bronchitis. 

BRONCHO-CATARRHUS,  Catarrh. 
BRONCHOCE  'LB,  from  (ipoyxos,  *  a  bronchus,' 
and  Kr,\r;.  'tumour.'  An  inaccurate  name  for  the 
affection  which  is  called,  also,  Bo'ekium,  Botium, 
Boeium,  Hernia  gut'turit  sen  guttura'lie  sen  bron- 
ehia'lie,  Guttur  tu'midum  sen  globo'tum,  Trqche- 
lophy'ma,  Thyroee'li,  Thyreooe'li,  Trachi 
Track*  loce'le,  Thyremphrax'it,  Thyreophrax'ia, 
Thyrophrax'ia,  Tkyreon'cue,  Thy ron' cut,  Deiron'- 
-iiui.  Qo'tium,  Exechebron'chue, 
Gongro'ua,  Struma,  titan*.  Tuber  gutturo'mum, 
GutUfria,  Sn\.  the  Derbyshire  w  ck,  Swelled  //<<•/,•, 
]\.  a.  Goitre,  <fcc,  (F.)  Goitre,  Gouitre,  I 
fropkie  'lu  Corp*  ThyroWde,  Groeee  Gorge,  Grot 
i 'mi.  Tins  is  no  rupture,  but  consists  of  an  en- 
largement of  the  thyroid  gland.  It  is  common 
at  the  base  of  Lofty  mountains  in  every  part  of 
the  world;  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  the  drinking  of  snow-water,  but  it  occurs 
where  there  is  no  snow.  The  tumour  is  some- 
times very  extensive.  Iodine  has  great  power 
over  it,  and  will  generally  occasion  its  absorp- 
tion, when  the  case  has  not  been  of  such  dura- 
tion as  to  have  ended  in  a  cartilaginous  condition. 
BRONCHOCEPHALITIS,  Porta 
BR0NCH0PARALY8IS,  Asthma. 
BRONCHOPHONY,  Resonance— b.  Pectorilo- 
quons,  Pectoriloquy^b.  Strong,  Pectoriloquy. 

BRONCHI  >PLAS'T  1 1  J,  Brouchoplae'ticwt,  from 
(ipo-y^us.  'a  bronchus,'  and  t\hoow.  '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  closing  fistula: 
in  the  trachea  :  Bron'choplaety. 

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA,      Bron'cki 
mo'nia,  from  ^oy^of.  "a  bronchus,'  and  Pneumo- 
nia.    Inflammation  of  the  bronchia  and  lungs. 

BRONCHORRHCB'A,  (F.)  Bronckorrhte,  Co- 
tan-In'  pituiteuXfPhlegmorrhagie  pulmonaire,Flux 
hromckique,  from  i3poy\oi.  'bronchus,'  and  ptio,  'I 
How.'  An  increat  i  secretion  of  mucus  from  the 
air  pa--  mpanied  or  not  by  inflammation, 

—  a  gleet,  a-  it  were,  of  the  pulmonary  mucous 
membrane.     When  excessive,  it  may  constitute 
Phtkitie  pituito'ea  sen  mnos'so,  Myeo-pkthi'eie. 
BROHCHORRBOSA  AODTA,  Bronchitis  (chronic). 
BRONCHOSTASIS,  Bronchitis. 
BRONCHOTOME,  Bronckot'omue,  from  0Poy- 
%os,  and  TCfiiciv,  'to  cut.'      A  kind  of  lancet,  with 
■  blunt  and  rounded  point,  mounted  "ti  a  handle, 
and  fitted  to  a  canula,  which  passes  in  along  with 
it.  and  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  spelling   n.a-f 
in  the  trachea. 

BRONCHO!  OMY,  Bronelotom'ia,  (P.)  Bron- 

ch<it<<ni"\    Same  etymology.    A  surgical  operation, 

which  consists  in  making  an  opening  either  into  the 
trachea,!  Tracheotomy:)  into  the  larynx,  I  Laryn- 

t  into  both,  i  Traehea-laryugot 
extract  torei<_m  bodies  or  to  permit  the  passage  of  air 
to  the  lungs.  Thesedifferenl  parts  are  divided  trans- 
■  or  rertieally.  according  to  circumstances. 

BR0NCH0-VESIC1  I.  LB  RESPIRATION, 
see  Respiration. 

BRONCHUS,  see  Bronchia,  Trachea. 

BKOOKLIME,  Veronica  bcccabttOga, 


BROOM,  Sophora   tinetoria,  Spartium    - 
rium — b.  Butcher's,  Rueeus — b.  Clover,  Sophora 

tinetoria  —  b.  [ndigo,  Sophora  tinetoria — b.  Rape, 
of  Virginia,  Orobanche  Virginians — 1>.  Spanish, 

Spartium  junceiim —  b.  Yellow.  Sophora  tinetoria. 

BROSSARDIERE,     MINERAL     WAT  Kits 
n|.     Broesardiere  is  a  chateau  in  Bas-Poitou, 

Prance.      The  waters   contain   carbonates   of  iron 
and   lime,   chloride   of    sodium,   and    sulphate   of 

lime.     They  are  aperient. 
BR08SE,  Brush. 
BROTH,  CHICKEN,  see  Chieken  Broth. 

BROTH,  VbGBTABI  S.  'fake  two  potatoes,  a  rnr- 
roi,  and  an  ONION,  all  cut  tine:  boil  in  a  quart  of 
water  for  an  hour,  adding  more  water  from  time 
to  time,  so  as  to  keep  the  original  quantity  :  fla- 
vour with  salt,  and  a  small  quantity  of  potherb*  j 
strain.  A  little  mushroom  catchup  improi 
flavour. 

BROTHER,  UTERINE,  see  Uterine. 

BROUILLARD,  Caligo. 

BROUS'SAIST.    One  who  is  a  believer  in.  and 
r  of.  the  physiological  and  pathological 
opinions    of  BroussaU.     The  system   itself  was 
called    Bboossaism,    or    the  Phyeiologieal  Doc- 
trine 

BROW,  Front — b.  Ague,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

BROWN  RED,  Colcotbar. 

BROWN'IAN,  Broumo'nian,  Brnno'nian.  Re- 
Iating  to  the  system  or  opinions  of  John  Brown. 

1'.  R  ii  W  X  I  S  M,  Bru'nonietn,  Bruno' nianiem. 
The  doctrines  of  Brown. 

BROWNIST,    Browno'nian,    Bruno' nian.      A 

follower  of   the  s\>telil   of    Brown. 

r.i:  i"C'EA  ANTI-DY8ENTER'ICA.  Called 
after  Bruce,  the  Abyssinian  traveller.  B.  ferru- 
gin'ea,  Anguttu'ra  npu'ria,  (F.)  Fausse  Angus- 
ture,  A.  Ferrugineuee.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant  whence  was  obtained — it  was  supposed 
— false  Angustura  or  false  Cueparia  Hark.  It 
is  really  the  bark  of  Strvchnos  nux  vomica. 

BRUCIA,  Brucine. 

BRUCINE,  Bru'cia,  Bruci'na,  Bruci'num, 
Bru'cium,  Pseudangusturi'nutn,  Canirami'num, 
Canira'mium,  Vom'icine,  Angus'twine,  An  orga- 
nic, salifiable  base,  discovered  in  the  false  angus- 
tura — Iirm-t a  anti-dysentt  r'ica,  and  obtained  from 
Strychnot  nux  vom'ica.  Jr  is  of  a  pearly  white; 
crystallizes  in  oblique  prisms  with  a  parallelo- 
grammatic  base;  IS  very  bitter,  slightly  acri<l 
and  styptic,  and  BOluble  in  Water,  but  more  BO  in 
alcohol.  Brucia  is  a  less  active  poison  than 
strychnia.  Jt  resembles  it,  however,  and  may 
be  need  as  B  substitute  for  it  and  for  the  extract 
of  nux  vomica.      Dose,  half  a  grain. 

BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  spring-  are  in  Bavaria,  and  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  iron. 

.  BRUCOURT.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Brueourt  ia  three  leagues  and  a  half  from  Caen. 
in  Normandy.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda,  much 
sulphate  »>f  lime,  Ac 

BRUICE,  Pnrunculus. 

BRUISE,  Contusion, 

BRUISE-ROOT, Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

BRUISEWORT,  Bellis  Baponaria.  ' 

BRUISSEMENT  I"  .  Frem'ifus.  This  word 
has  much  the  same  signification  as  Bourdonm  ment, 
as  well  a<   limit. 

BR  I ' I  T  i  1'.  .  •  sound.'  A  French  term,  applied 
to  various  sounds  heard  on  percussion  and  aus- 
cultation, viz.  : 

B  mi  r  DEORA  Q  i  ■  /; '/ 1:  s  r,  n.  a\  nra  n  tr- 
im at,   limit  ill  mi,-  in  iif.  t'ri  </<   mir.    '  sound   of 

oraokling,  or  bursting,  or  of  new  leather.'    A 

■OUnd  produced  by  the  friction  of  the  pericar- 
dium, when  dried  and  rougheucd  by  inflamma- 
tion. 


BRUIT  DU   C(EUR    FCETAL      144 


BRUSH 


BRUIT  DU  CCEUR FOETAL,  Battemens  dou- 
bles, Double  bruit  du  Coeur  da  F<£tus.  The  pul- 
sations of  the  foetal  heart  heard  in  auscultation 
in  the  latter  half  of  utero-gestation. 

BRUIT  DE  CUIR  NEUF,  Bruit  de  craque- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  DIABLE,  Ronflement  du  Liable, 
Bruit  de  souffle  d  double  courant,  'noise  of  the 
diable.  or  humming-top.'  Venous  hum.  A  high 
degree  of  Bruit  de  soufflct,  heard  on  auscultating 
the  arteries  or  veins — probably  the  latter — of  the 
neck;  in  chlorosis.  It  denotes  an  impoverished 
state  of  the  blood. 

BR U! TLO UB IE  LU  CCEUR  LU FCETUS, 
Bruit  du  Catur,  foetal —  b.  eP 'Expansion,  pulmo- 
nale, see  Murmur,  respirator}- — b.  de  Frolement, 
see  Frolement  —  b.  de  Froissement  pulmonaire, 
see  Froissement  pulmonaire  —  b.  de  Frolement 
pSrieardique,  see  Frolement  pericardique. 

BR  I  'IT  DEFRO  'ITEM  EXT  ASCENDANT 
ET  DESCENDANT,  'sound  of  friction  of  ascent 
and  descent.'  Sounds  produced  by  the  rubbing  of 
the  lung  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest,  as  it 
rises  and  falls  during  inspiration  and  expiration. 
They  are  distinctly  heard  in  pleuritis,  when  the 
pleura  has  become  roughened  by  the  disease. 
Friction  sounds,  Rubbing  sounds,  To-and-fro 
Sounds  are  also  heard  in  pericarditis  and  perito- 
nitis. 

BRUIT  HUMOR  10  UE,  B.  Hydropneuma- 
tique.  The  sound  afforded  on  percussion  when 
organs  are  filled  with  liquid  and  air. 

BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit 
humorique  —  b.  de  Jappement,  see  Sifflement  mo- 
dule— b.  de  Lime  a  bois,  see  Bruit  de  Scie. 

BRUIT  DE  MOUCHE  (F.),  'fly  sound.'  A 
sound  analogous  to  the  Bruit  de  diable — so  called 
from  its  likeness  to  the  buzzing  of  a  fly  —  heard 
on  auscultating  the  neck  in  chlorotic  cases. 

BR  UIT  M USCULAIRE.  The  sound  accom- 
panying the  first  sound  of  the  heart,  referred  by 
some  to  muscular  contraction.  Called,  also, 
Bruit  rotatoire,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  thought  to  resemble  the  rumbling  of  dis- 
tant wheels. 

BRUIT  MUSICAL,  Sifflement  module.. 

BRUIT  DE  PARCH E MIX.  'parchment 
tone.'  A  sound  as  if  produced  by  two  sheets  of 
parchment  applied  to  each  other.  It  is  said  to 
be  produced  by  thickening  and  rigidity  of  the 
valves  of  the  heart. 

BRUIT  DE  PIAULEMEXT,  see  Sifflement 
module". 

BRUIT  PLACEXTAIRE.  B.  de  souffle  pla- 
centaire  ou  uterin,  Souffle  uterin  ou  placentaire, 
Placental  bellows'  sound,  Utero-placen'tal  mur- 
mur, Uterine  murmur.  The  bellows'  sound  heard 
on  auscultating  over  the  site  of  the  placenta  in  a 
pregnant  female.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  ow- 
ing to  the  placental  vessels;  but  to  the  uterine 
tumour  pressing  upon  the  large  vessels  of  the 
mother. 

BRUIT  BE  POT FELE,  'sound  of  a  cracked 
vessel.'  Cracked  pot  sound.  A  sound  heard  on 
percussion,  when  a  cavern  in  the  lungs  is  filled 
with  air.  and  has  a  narrow  outlet.  It  is  not  diag- 
nostic, however. 

BRUIT  DE  RACLEMEXT,  'sound  of  scrap- 
ing.'   A  sound  produced  by  the  scraping  of  hard,  I 
solid  membranes,  as  the  pericardium,  against  each  [ 
other,  very  analogous  to  Bruit  de  eraquement. 

BRUIT  DE  RAPE,  'sound  of  a  rasp.'  A| 
sound  heard  during  the  contraction  of  either  the  [ 
auricles  or  ventricles.  It  is  constant:  and  the  I 
contraction  of  the  cavity  is  more  prolonged  than  ; 
natural,  and  emits  a  hard,  rough,  and — as  it  were 
-  -stifled  sound. 


It  indicates  contraction  of  the  valvular  orifices 
by  cartilaginous  deposits,  or  ossification,  and  is 
better  heard  near  the  apex  of  the  heart,  if  the 
auriculo-ventricular  valves  be  concerned, — near 
the  base,  if  the  semilunar  valves  be  the  seat  of  the 
disease. 

BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE,  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

BRUIT  ROTATOIRE,  Bruit  musculaire. 

BRUIT  LE  SCIE,  or  'saw  sound.'  and  Bruit 
pe  lime  a  bois,  or  '  file  sound,'  resemble  the  Bruit 
de  Rape.  v 

BRUIT  LE  SOUFFLE  A  DOUBLE  COU- 
RANT. Bruit  de  Diable. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET,  Bruit  de  Souffle, 

'bellows'  sound,'  'blowing  sound.'    A  sound  like 

that  of  a  bellows,  heard  occasionally  by  the  ear 

applied  to  the  chest  during  the  contraction  of  the 

ventricles,  auricles,  or  large  arteries.    It  coexists 

with   affections  of  the  heart,  but  is  heard,  also, 

without  any  disease  of  that  organ, — whenever, 

l|  indeed,  an  artery  is  compressed.    An  Encephalic 

Ij  bellows'    sound.  (F.)  Bruit   de  souffle    eephaiiquc, 

J  has  been  described  by  Drs.  Fisher  and  Whitney. 

,:  It  is  heard  on  applying  the  ear  to  the  occiput  or 

to  the  top  of  the  head;  and  is  considered  to  indi- 

|!  cate    turgescence    of    vessels,    or    inflammation. 

J  When    such    turgescence   exists,  the   vessels  are 

I'  compressed,  and   the  compression  gives   rise  to 

,!  the  sound  in  question.  [?] 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  CEPHALIQIE.  see 
Bruit  de  soufflet  —  b.  de  Souffle  placentaire, 
Bruit  placentaire  —  b.  de  Souffle  uterin,  Bruit 
placentaire — b.  de  Tiraillement,  Bruit  de  eraque- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUP  APE,  'valvular  or  flap- 
ping noise.'  A  sound  heard  in  respiration,  when 
a  foreign  body  is  in  the  air  passages.  It  some- 
what resembles  the  flapping  of  a  valve;  hence  its 
French  name. 

BRUIT  DE  TAFFETAS,  'sound  of  taf- 
feta.' 'Sarcenet  sound.'  A  respiratory  sound, 
so  named,  by  M.  Grisolle,  from  its  resembling  the 
sound  caused  by  the  tearing  of  a  piece  of  taffeta  : 
and  which  he  considers  to  indicate  hepatization  of 
the  lung,  limited  to  the  surface,  in  pneumonia. 

BRUIT  TYMPANIQUE,  'tympanic  sound.' 
The  clear  sound  afforded  by  percussing  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines  when  containing  air. 

BRUIT  UTERIN,  B.  placentaire. 

BRUITS  DU  CCEUR,  see  Heart. 

BR  UK,  Furunculus. 

BRULURE,  Burn. 

BRUXELLE.  Prunella. 

BRUNNER'S  GLANDS,  Brunneri  Glan'dula?, 
G.  Brunnerta'ua  seu  solita'rim,  Solitary  gland* 
or  follicles.  Second  pan'creas.  Compound  muci- 
parous follicles,  seated  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats  of  the  stomach,  along  the  two 
curvatures  of  that  organ,  and  in  the  duodenum  ; 
so  called  from  their  discovery  having  been  gene- 
rally attributed  to  Brunner.  The  solitary  intes- 
tinal follicles  are  often  known,  at  the  present 
day.  as  the  glands  of  Brunner,  although  Brunner 
restricted  the  latter  term  to  the  glands  of  the 
duodenum. 

BRUNONIAN,  Brownian. 

BRUNONIANISM,  Brownism. 

B  RUN  US.  Ervsipelas. 

BRUSCUS,  Rosens, 

BRUSH,  Scop'ula,  (F.)  Brosse.  A  well-known 
instrument,  used  in  medicine  chiefly  for  the  fol- 
lowing purposes: — 1.  To  clean  the  teeth.  2.  To 
remove  the  saw-dust  which  adhere?  to  the  teeth 
of  the  trephine,  during  the  operation  of  trephin- 
ing. 3.  To  rub  the  surface  of  the  body,  for  the 
purpose  of  exciting  the  skin,  and  favouring  trans- 
piration.     Westring,  a  Swedish    physician,  has 


BRUT  A 


14 


BUB0X0REXI8 


recommended  metallic  brushes  for  the  purpose 
of  conveying  galvanism  to  a  part.  These  brushes 
consisl  of  i  plate  of  ebony  fitted  tit  another  of 
gold,  in  which  threads  of  the  same  metal  are 
fixed:  —  the  brash  being  connected  with  one  of 
the  pol  i  ilvanic  pile. 

Bri  ■:.  Excutia  ventriculi. 

BRUTA,  Juniperus  sabins. 
BRU'Tl  \.   Asortof  thick  pitch,  obtained  from 
Brutia.  in  Italy.     From  Pix  Brutia  was  obtained 
the  O'/iimi  Pici'num. 
Brutia,  Instinct. 

BRUTINO,  Terebinthina, 

BR  I 

BRUXANELLI.  A  Malabar  tree,  the  bark 
and  leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  smell,  and  are 
astringent  On  the  coast  of  Malabar,  its  juice, 
mixed  with  butter,  is  applied  to  boils.  Its  hark 
eined  to  he  diuretic,  and  its  roots  anti- 
arthri' 

BRUTERE  VULGAIRE,  Erica  vulgaris. 

BRUYERES,  .MINK  HAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bruycr.  <  is  a  small  village.  7}  leagues  from 
Luneville.  The  waters  are  acidulous  and  chaly- 
beate. 

BRYCETfK.  see  Algidus, 

BRYCHETHMOS,  Rugitus. 
ridua. 

BRYGMA,  Bryqmua,  Trieit,  Prixix,  Prixmus, 
Odonti  'dor  Den'tium,  (F.)  Grincement 

des  Dent*.  Grinding  of  the  teeth.  A  common 
symptom,  in  children,  of  gastric  or  other  derange- 
ment, but  often  present  when  there  is  no  reason 
to  suspect  any. 

BR  YONE,  Bryonia  —  b.  d'Amerique,  Convol- 
vulus Mechoacan. 

BRYO'NIA  AFRICA'XA,  African  Bry'ony, 
from  i3,,vto,  'I  bud  forth.'  A  South  African 
plant,  common  amongst  the  Hottentots,  which, 
in  the  form  of  decoction,  acts  simultaneously  as 
an  emetic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  by 
the  natives  tn  cutaneous  diseases,  dropsy,  and 
syphilis.  The  tincture  is  a  powerful  emetic  and 
cathartic. — Tbun 

Brto'hia    Alba,     White    Bry'ony,    Vitiz    nlha 

Am'peloe 
a'gria,  .    Bryo'nia     tu'pera    seu    J)i- 

Ohelido'nium,  Labrue'ca,  Me- 
W  thrum,  Ophroetaph'ylon,  Peilo'thmm.  Ord. 
Cueurl  Sy*t.  Afonoecia  Monadelphia. 

(F.)  Co  .    V.  blanche,  Navel 

dn  diabli  on  galant.  The  root  is  large  and  suc- 
culent, and  has  an  acrid,  bitter,  and  disagreeable 
It  is  ■  drastic  cathartic.  Externally,  it 
has  been  applied,  in  form  of  cataplasm,  in  gout 
"When  repeatedly  washed,  a  good  starch  is  ob- 
tained from  it.  The  active  principle  has  been 
separated  from  it.  and  called  Bry'onine. 

BRYONIA  M  BOAOAK9A  NIGRICANS,  Convol- 
vulus jahipa —  b.  Nigra,  Tamus  communis  —  b. 
Peruviana.  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

BRYONINE,  see  Bryonia  alba. 

BRYONY,  BLACK,  Tamus  communis— b. 
White,  Bryonia  ali.n — b.  Wild,  Syoios  angulatus. 

BRYT1  \.  Marc  of  grapes. 

BR  YTOLA  TURE,  see  Cerevisia. 

BRYTolK.  see  Cerevisia. 

BRYTON,  Cer< 

BU,  0ov,  abbreviation  of  ;3ovs,  'an  ox.'  in  com- 
|  greatness.'      Hence 

Bui! in  us,  Buphthalmia, 

BUI  RDIUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BUBE,  Pustule. 

BUBO,  ($ov(3uv,  Pano'chia,  Panun  inguina'lie, 

Adenophy'i    i    inguina'lie,    Bubonopa'mte,   Bubo- 

non'cun,    Bubon'cue,    Gambit' ca,   Angtu,    Boubon, 

'la,  (F.)  Bubon,  Poulain.     In 

the  works  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  this  word 

10 


sometimes  signifies  the  groin — hirjurn  ;  at  other", 
the  inguinal  glands;  and  at  others,  again,  swell- 
ing or  inflammation  of  these  parts.  The  moderns 
apply  the  term  to  an  inflammatory  tumour 
in  the  groin  or  axilla,  and  they  generally  distin- 
guish— 1.  Simjile  or  Sympathetic  Bubo,  which  is 
independent  of  any  virus  in  the  economy.  2. 
Venereal  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  venirien,  which  is  oc- 
casioned by  the  venereal  virus.  :;.  /'■  ttilemtinl 
Bubo,  or  B.  symptomatic  of  the  Plague.  The  last 
two  have  by  some  been  called  malignant  Bubo, 
(F.)  Bubon  vinfin. 

Primary  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  primitif,  shows  i*. 
sclf  with  the  first  symptoms  of  syphilis:  the  con- 
secutive not  till  afterwards. 

BUBON,  Bubo,  Inguen— b.  Gummiferum,  see 
Ammoniac  gum. 

BUBON  l/KMBLEE  (F.).  An  enlargemenr 
and  suppuration  of  one  or  more  of  the  inguinal 
glands,  not  preceded  by  any  other  of  the  more 
common  forms  of  venereal  disease,  nor  by  any 
other  syphilitic  symptom. 

Bi-bon  Gal'banum.  The  systematic  name  of  t 
plant  which  has  been  supposed  to  afford  galbn- 
num:  Meto'pion,  MaU/rium.  The  plant  is  al-o 
called  Fer'ula  Africa' na,  OreoeeU'num  Africa'- 
Rum,  Ani'eum  frutieo'eum  galbaniferum  sen  Af- 
rica'num.  frutee'eene,  Seli'num  Galbanum,  Agaeyl'- 
lis  gal'banum,  The  long-leaved  or  lovage-leaved 
Gal'banum.  Ord.  Umbellifera?.  The  plant  can 
j  scarcely,  however,  be  considered  to  he  determined. 
:  By  the  Dublin  College,  it  is  referred  to  Oj 

Galbanif'era,   Ord.  Umbelliferae.      Galbanum  is 
;  the  gummi-resinous  juice.    Its  odour  is  fetid,  and 
taste  bitter  and  acrid:  the  agglutinated  tears  are 
of  a  white  colour,  on  a  ground  of  reddish-brown. 
,  It  forms  an  emulsion  when  triturated  with  water, 
I  and  is  soluble  in  proof  spirits  of  wine,  and  vine- 
gar:  sp.  gr.  T212.    It  has  been  given  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic and  expectorant,  in  pill  or  emulsion. 
Dose,  from  gr.  10  to  60.    Externally,  it  is  applied 
as  a  cataplasm. 

Bubon  galbanum  is  a  South  African  plant;  and 
is  reputed  to  be  an  excellent  diuretic,  under  the 
name  of  Wild  Celery.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves 
is  given  in  dropsy  and  gravel.  According  to 
Pappe,  the  resinous  matter,  which  exud< 
the  stem,  differs  in  appearance,  smell,  and  in 
every  respect,  from  Gummi  Galbanum. 

Bubon  Macedon'icuit,  Athaman'ta  Macedon'- 
iea,  Petroeeli'num  Macedon'icum,  A'pium  petra'- 
um,  Petra'pium,  (F.)  Pemil  de  Macidoine,  Mace- 
do' nian  Partley.  Its  properties  are  similar  to 
those  of  common  parsley,  but  weaker  and  less 
grateful.  The  seeds  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
celebrated  compounds,  Mithridate  and  Theriac 

BUBONA,  Nipple. 

BUBONALGIA,  from  fafav,  'the  groin,'  and 
aXyoi,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  groin. 

BUBONCUS,  Bub,,. 

BrBn'Xir.\l..Uvr.W7/Y»«,  Cobhn  Star  wort. 
A  plant  anciently  supposed  to  be  efficacious  in 
diseases  of  the  <rrojn,  from  j3oi(]iov,  'the  groin.' 

BUBONOCE'LE,  from  ftou&uv,  'the  groin,' an  I 
107X17,  '  tumour,'  'rupture.'  Her'nia  i>i<j< 
In'guinal  Hernia,  Rupture  <•/  the  Groin.  V 
Ilernie  inguinale.  Some  surgeons  have  con  fiat  i 
this  terin  to  hernia  when  limited  to  the  Lrroin. 
and  have  called  the  same  affeotion,  when  it  has 
led  to  the  scrotum,  Oecheoce'le,  Scrotal 
Hernia.  The  rupture  passes  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring:  and.  in  consequence  of  the  greater 
size  of  the  opening  in  the  male,  it  is  more  fre- 
quenl  in  the  male  sex. 

BUBONONCUS,  Bubo. 

BUBONOPANUS,  Bubo. 

BUBONOREX'IS,  from  /JoujW,  'the  groin.' 
and  pii^s,  'a  rupture.'  A  name  given  to  bubono- 
cele when  accompanied  with  a  division  of  the  pe- 


BUBONULUS 


146 


BULBOCODIUM 


ritoneum,  or  when,  in  other  words,  it  is  devoid 
of  a  sac. 

BUBON'ULUS,  Bubun'eulus.  A  diminutive 
of  Bubo.  A  painful  swelling  of  the  lymphatics 
of  the  penis,  extending  along  the  dorsum  uf  that 
organ  to  the  groin.  It  is  an  occasional  accom- 
paniment of  gonorrhoea. 

BUBUKLE.  A  word  used  by  Shakspeare  for 
a  red  pimple  on  the  nose. 

BUBUNCULUS,  Bubonulus. 

BUCAROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BUCCA,  Gnathos.  The  mouth.  The  cheek 
and  hollow  of  the  cheek.     Also,  the  vulva. 

BUCCAC'RATON,  from  Bucca,  and  Kpau,  'I 
mix.'  A  morsel  of  bread  sopped  in  wine,  which 
served  of  old  for  a  breakfast. — Linden. 

BUCCAL,  Bucca' lis,  from  Bucca,  'the  mouth,' 
or  rather  '  the  cheek.'  That  which  concerns  the 
mouth,  and  especially  the  cheek. 

Buccal  Artery,  Artere  Sus-maxiUaire,  (Ch.) 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  or  from  some 
of  its  branches,  as  the  Temporalis  profunda  an- 
tica,  or  the  Alveolar.  It  distributes  its  branches 
to  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  to  the  buccal  mem- 
brane. 

Buccal  Glands,  3folar  Glands.  Mucous  fol- 
licles, seated  in  the  buccal  membrane,  opposite  the 
molar  teeth.  They  secrete  a  viscid  humour,  which 
mixes  with  the  saliva,  and  lubricates  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Membrane,  (F.)  Membrane  Buccale. 
The  mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  interior 
of  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Nerve,  Buccina'tor  Nerve,  Buccola- 
bial — (Ch.),  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary. 
It  sends  its  branches  to  the  cheek,  and  especially 
to  the  buccinator  muscle. 

Buccal  Vein  follows  the  artery. 

BUC'CEA,  Buccel'la.  The  fleshy  excrescence 
of  nasal  polj'pus,  so  called  because  it  was  believed 
to  proceed  from  the  mouth. — Paracelsus.  Also, 
a  mouthful. 

BUCCELA'TON,  Buccela'tus.  A  loaf-shaped 
cathartic  medicine;  made  chiefly  of  scammony. 
— Ae'tius,  Paulus  of  iEgina. 

BUCCELLA,  Bolus,  Buccea. 

BUCCELLA'TIO.  A  mode  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage, by  applying  a  pledget  of  lint  to  the  bleed- 
ing vessel. — Avicenna,  Fallopius. 

BUCCINA,  Turbinated  bones. 

BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare,  'to  sound 
the  trumpet.'  The  Buccina'tor  Muscle,  Retrac'- 
tor  An'guli  Oris,  Bucco- Alt  eolo-maxill  aire,  Alce- 
olo-labial  —  (Ch.),  Manso'rius,  is  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  cheeks.  It  extends  between  the 
posterior  portions  of  the  alveolar  arches  of  the 
two  jaws  and  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  draws  backward.  It  assists  in  mastication,  by 
pushing  the  food  back  towards  the  teeth;  and, 
if  the  cheeks  be  distended  by  air,  its  contrac- 
tion forces  it  out. 

BUCCO.  One  who  is  blub-cheeked,  or  wide- 
mouthed.     In  composition,  the  mouth. 

B UCCO-AL  VEOL O-MAXILLAIRE,  Bucci- 
nator. 

BUCCO-LABIAL  NERVE,  Buccal  nerve. 

BUCCO  PHARYNGEAL,  Bucco-Pharynge'- 
us,  (F.)  Bucco-Pharyngien.  Belonging  to  the 
mouth  and  pharynx.  The  Bucco-pharynge'al 
Aponeurosis  or  Intermax'  illary  Liy'ament,  ex- 
tends from  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower  alveolar 
arch,  and  affords  attachment,  anteriorly,  to  the 
buccinator,  and,  posteriorly,  to  the  constrictor 
pharvngis  superior. 

BUC'CULA,  from  Bucca,  'the  mouth.'  A 
small  mouth.  The  fleshy  part  beneath  the  chin. 
— Bnrtholine. 

BUCERAS,  Trigonella  fcenum  —  b.  Foenum 
Grsecmn,  Trigonella  foenum  Grrecum. 


BUCHU,  Diosraa  crenata — b.  Leaves,  Diosma 
crenata. 

BUCKBEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata— b.  Ame- 
rican, Menyanthes  verna. 

BUCK  BERRY,  Vaccinium  stamineum. 

BUCKET  FEVER,  Dengue. 

BUCKEYE,  iEsculus  hippocastanum. 

BUCKHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKTHORN,  PURGING,  Rhamnus. 

BUCKU,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  — b. 
Plant,  eastern,  Polygonum  divaricatum. 

BUCNEMIA,  see  Elephantiasis  —  b.  Tropica, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

BUCTON,  Hymen. 

BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Corium  phlogis- 
ticum. 

BUFFY  COAT,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

BUG,  (BED,)  Cimex. 

BUGANTIA,  Chilblain. 

BUG'GERY,  Sod'omy,  Sodom'ia,  Co'itus  So- 
domit'icus,  (I.)  Bugarone.  Said  to  have  been 
introduced  by  the  Bulgarians :  hence  the  name. 
A  carnal  copulation  against  nature,  as  of  a  man 
or  woman  with  any  animal ;  or  of  a  man  with  a 
man,  or  a  man  unnaturally  with  a  woman.  The 
unnatural  crime. 

BUGLE,  Prunella  —  b.  Common,  Ajuga  rep- 
tans — b.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga — b.  Rampante,  Aju- 
ga reptans  —  b.  Water,  Lycopus  Virginicus  —  b. 
Weed,  Lycopus. 

BUGLOSE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSS,  DYER'S,  Anchusa  tinctoria  — b. 
Garden,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Upright,  Ajuga. 

BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSSUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM  MAJUS, 
Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Latifolium,  Borago  offici- 
nalis—  b.  Sativum,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Syl- 
vestris,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Tinctorum,  An- 
chusa tinctoria  —  b.  Verum,  Boracic  acid  —  b. 
Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGRANDE  EPINEUSE,  Ononis  spinosa. 

BUGRANE,  Ononis  spinosa — b.  des  Champs, 
Ononis  arvenis. 

BUGULA,  Ajuga  —  b,  Chamrepitys,  Teucrium 
chama^pitys — b.  Pyramidalis,  Ajuga  —  b.  Rep- 
tans, Ajuga  reptans. 

BUIS,  Buxus. 

BUISARD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bui- 
sard  is  two  leagues  from  Chateau-Thierry,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  calcium 
and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BULB,  Bulbus,  (F.)  Bulbe.  A  name,  given 
by  anatomists  to  different  parts  which  resemble, 
in  shape,  certain  bulbous  roots.  The  Bulb  of  the 
Aorta  is  the  great  sinus  of  the  Aorta.  Bulb  of  a 
Tooth ;  the  vascular  and  nervous  papilla  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  The  Bulb  or 
Root  of  the  Hair  is  the  part  whence  the  hair 
originates.  The  Bulb  of  the  Urethra  is  the 
dilated  portion  formed  by  the  commencement 
of  the  Corpus  spongiosum  towards  the  root  of 
the  penis.  We  say,  also,  Bulb,  for  Globe,  of  the 
eye. 

Bulb  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye — b.  of  the  Female, 
Bulbus  vestibuli  —  b.  Rachidian,  see  Medulla 
oblongata. 

BULBE,  Bulb  —  b.  Rachidien,  see  Medulla 
oblongata- — b.  du  Vagin,  Bulbus  vestibuli — b.  de 
la   Voute  a  trois  Pilicrs,  Mamillary  tubercles. 

BULBI  FORNICIS,  Mamillary  tubercles— b. 
Priorum  Crurum  Fornicis,  Mamillary  tubercles. 

B  U  L  B  0  C  A  S  T  A  N  E  U  M,  Bunium  bulbucas- 
tanum. 

BULBO-CA  VERNE UX,  Accelerator  urime. 

BULBO-CAVERNOSUS,  Accelerator  urina^ 
b.  Syndesmn-carerneux,  Accelerator  uriuaj  —  b. 
Urethral,  Accelerator  urinae. 

BULBOCODIUM,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 


BULBONACn 


147 


BURNT    HOLES 


RULBOXAC1I,  Lunaria  rcdiviva. 
BULBUS,  Kulk 

mlemt  Bulb: 
a  particular  kind,  so  denominated  by  the  an- 
cients.     It  is  supposed   to    have   been   thi 
n'tea. — Dioseoridee,  Celsus,  Pliny,  Ae. 
Bri.ui  I     Blai  Proventriculus —  b. 

Medulla1   spinalis.  Medulla  oblongata  —  b.  Oeuli, 
.  Olfaotorius,  Bee  Olfactory  Nerves  — 
b.  Pili.  see  Hair — b.  Raehidicus.  see  Medulla  ob- 
i — h.  Vagina),  15.  vestibeli. 
1W  :  i  i.!,   B.   Vagi'nm,  Plexus  reti- 

form'ia   seu    retieula'ria  iea   eaoerno'aua,  Orura 
clitor'idia    inter'na,  Bulb  or  Semi-bulb  of  i 

'In    Vagin,      A    close-packed 
•  of  intricately  anastomosing  veins,  inclosed 

in  a  fibrous  investment,  —  being  an  immediate 
continuation  and  extension  of  the  pars  intt  rmedia, 

xrapying  the  spaoe  between  the  beginning 
or  vestibule  of  the  ragina  and  the  rami  of  the 
pubic  arch  on  each  ride.  It  u  regarded  by 
Lauth.  Taylor,  saorgagni  and  Kobelt  as  the  ana- 

f  the  male  bulb. 

.<  -  VoHTro'RIUS.     A  plant,  said  l>y  Dios- 

-  to  be  emetic  and  diuretic  It  is  the 
ifuek-grape  flower,  according  to  Kay, — the  Bya- 
einthua  ifuecari, 

BULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BULGA,  Vulva. 

BULIMIA,  Boulimia, 

BU'LITHOS,   from  iJovs,   'an   ox,'  and  XtSo?, 
.'     A  bezoar  or  stone,  found  in  the  kid- 
gall-bladder,  or  urinary  bladder  of  an  ox 
or  COW. 

BULLA,  (F.)  Bnlle.  A  Bleb,  (Sc.)  Blcib.  A 
portion  of  the  cuticle,  detached  from  the  skin  by 
the  interposition  of  a  transparent,  watery  fluid. 
It  forms  the  4th  order  in  Willan's  and  Bateman's 
arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  includes 
erysipelas,  pemphigus,  and  pompholyz.  By 
Bulla  has  been  used  synonymously  with 
Pemphigue.     Bee,  also,  Hydatid. 

BULLACE    PLUM,  Primus  in  Sitia. 

UULL/K    ROTUND.fi   CBRVICIS    UTERI, 
Nabotbi  glandules. 

BULLDOG,  Tabanus. 

BULL-FISTS,  Lycoperdon. 

BULLOUS,    Bullo'aue,  (F.)   BuJleux.     Having 

relation  to  a  bulla  or  bleb,  u  B  '  ballon*  eruption.' 

Pemphigus    has    been    designated  Maladie    bul- 

and  Fitvre  buUeuse,  when  accompanied  by 

fever. 

BULL8EGG,  Typha  latifolia. 

BUMBLERITES,  see  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BUMELLIA.  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

BUM-GUT,  Rectum. 

BUNA,  Coffee  Arabic*. 

BUNCOMBE,  WARM  AND  Hot  SPRINGS 
I    irolina,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

l:i  NDURH,  Corylus  eveUana. 

BUNBWAND,  Heraoleom  spondyUum. 

BUN  1  AS,  Brassies  nanus. 

BUNIOID,  Napiform. 

BUNION,  Bunyon. 

BUNI'TES   VINUM.     A  wine,   made  by  in- 
tbe  /Jiiiiiiim  in  must.      It  is  stomachic,  but 
;  used. 

BUNIUM    C AKVL  ('arum. 

P. i  'mi  m    P.n.io.i  \s'tanim,   Bowiov,  so  called, 
if  ha*  been  supposed,  from  growing  on  bills,  from 

.  'a  hill.'  or  from  the  tuberosity  of    • 
/>.  mintte,  lido  iioniH1  id  hum.  Slum  bulbocaetanum, 
Scandex    bulbocaetanum,    Carutn    bulbocaetanum. 
.  Umbellifera?.     The  systematic  name  of  a 
plant,  whose  root  is  called  Pig-nut,  Agri\ 
Hum,  Nu'cula  Bulbocae'tanum  main*  et 

.    Earth-nut,   Hunk-nut,    Kipper-nui 
Aruut,  (P.)    Terre-noix.     The  root   is   tuberous, 
and  is  eaten  raw  or  roasted.     It  has  been  sup- 


posed to  be  of  use  in  strangury.  It  is  not  cm- 
ployed  in  nudicine. 

BUNNIAN,  Bunyon. 

BUNWEED,  Seneoio  Jacol 

BUN'YON,  Bun' ion,  Bun'ttiam,  from  (Jowoc, 
'an  eminence.'  [?]  An  enlargement  and  in- 
flammation of  the  bursa  muooSS  at  the  inside  of 
the  ball  of  tin'  great  toe. 

BUOPHTHALMIA,  Buphthaimia. 

BUPEINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPHTHALM1  HERBA,  Anthemis  tinotoria. 

BUPHTHAL'MIA,  Buophthal'mia,  BupktkaV- 
phantom'nta,  from  puvs,  'an  o.\.'  and  o<p- 
Sn^pos,  'an  eye.'  Ox-eye.  Under  this  nam-', 
the  generality  of  authors  have  designated  tho 
first  Btage  of  bydrophthalmia.  Others,  with  Sa- 
batier,  mean  by  it,  turgescence  of  the  vitreous 
humour,  which,  by  pushing  the  iris  forwards, 
forms  around  the  crystalline  a  sort  of  border. 

BUPHTHALMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis 
Pyrethrum  —  b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum  leucau- 
themum. 

BUPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia,  Semper- 
vivum  tectorum. 

BUPINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPLEUROIDES,  Bupleurnra  rotnndifolium. 

BUPLEU'RUM  R0T1  NTDIFO'LIUM,  Bu~ 
pleu'ron,  BupleuroVdee,  from  (hv,  augmentative, 
and  irlcvfjov,  'side.'  (P.)  Buplivre,  Percefeuille, 
Round-leaved  ffare'e  Ear,  Thorounoax. 
Umbelliferse.  The  herb  and  seeds  arc  slightly 
aromatic.  It  was  formerly  celebrated  for  curing 
ruptures,  being  made  into  a  cataplasm  with  wine 
and  oatmeal. 

Ill' I' Lis V BE,  Bupleurum  rotnndifolium. 

BUR  AC.  Borax.  Also,  any  kind  of  salt. 
(Arabic.) 

BURBOT,  see  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli. 

BURDOCK.  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Lesser,  Xan- 
thium — b.  Prairie.  Silphium  terebinthaceuni. 

BURIAL  ALIVE.  Zoothapsis. 

BURIS,  Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous 
tumefaction;  or,  perhaps,  a  scirrhous  tumour 
only. — Avicenna. 

BURN.  Sax.  bepnan  or  bynnan,  'to  burn  or 
bren.'  Ua'tio,  Ambua'tio,  Adua'tio,  Treaia  ' 
Erythe'ma  Ambua'tio,  Cauaia,  Encau'aia,  Pyri- 
cnua'tum,  Oombuatu'ra,  Cataeau'ma,  Combua'tio, 
(F.)  Brulure.  An  injury  produced  by  the  action 
of  too  great  heat  on  the  body.  Barns  arc  of 
greater  or  less  extent,  from  the  simple  irritation 
of  the  integument  to  the  complete  destruction  of 
the  part.  The  consequences  are  more  or  less 
Bevere,  according  to  the  extent  of  injury,  and  the 
part  affected.  Burns  of  the  abdomen,  when  ap- 
parently doing  well,  are  sometimes  followed  by 
fatal  results.  Their  treatment  varies, — at  times, 
the  antiphlogistic  being  required;  at  others,  one 
more  stimulating. 

BURNEA,  see  Pinna  Sylvestris. 

BURNET,  CANADA.  Sanguisorba  Cana- 
densis. 

Pi  RNETT'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID  or 
FLUID.  A  solution  of  chloride  of  sine,  first 
used  by  Sir  William  Burnett  for  preserving  tim- 
ber,  canvass,  Ac.,  from  dry  rot,  mildew,  4c,  and 
afterwards  as  an  antibromic  aud  antiseptic, 
cially  in  the  case  of  dead  bodies.  The  Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia  has  a  /.in<-i  Cfdo'ridi  Liquor,  So- 
lution o/ Ckloridt  of  Zinc,  which  is  not  near  so 
strong  as  Sir  William's  preparation. 

l.l   UNIX1!,    Brenning.     A  rationed 

by  old  historians,  from  which  authors  have  un- 
successfully endeavoured  to  demonstrate  the  an- 
tiquity of  syphilis. — Parr. 

BURNING  OF  THE  FEET,  -  I  t,  burn- 
ing of  the. 

Bl  l:.\T  HOLES.  \  variety  of  rupia,  popu- 
larly l.n  tWD  In  Ireland  under  thi-  name  ;  and  not 


BURR 


148 


BUXUS 


unfrequent  there  amongst  the  ill-fed  children  of 
the  poor.     See  Rupia  escharotica. 

BURR,  Rotacismus. 

BURR  AGE.  Borago  officinalis. 

BUR-REED,  GREAT,  Sparganium  ramosum. 

BURR II,  Rotacismus. 

BURRHI  SPIR'ITUS  MATRICA'LTS.  The 
Spirit  of  Burrhus  for  diseases  of  the  Womb.  It 
is  prepared  by  digesting,  in  alcohol,  equal  parts 
of  myrrh,  olibanutn,  and  mastic.  Boerhaave  fre- 
quently prescribed  it. 

BURSA  CORDIS,  Pericardium— b.  Omentalis, 
see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic — b.  Pastoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — b.  Testiuin,  Scrotum — b.  Virilis,  Scrotum. 

BURS/E  MUCILAGLXOS.E,  B.  mucosa. 

BURSJE  MUCO'SiE,  B.  viuco'sm  vesiculates, 
Bursal  seu  Cap' sides  synovia'les,  Blennoeys' tides, 
Sacci  muco'si,  Vesi'ccp,  unguino'acB  ten'dinum, 
Vagi'nas  Synovia'les  seu  mucilagino'sce,  Syno'vial 
Crypts  or  Foll'icles,  (F.)  Bourses  Synuviales  ou 
muqueuses  ou  mucilagineuses.  Small  membranous 
sacs,  (from  fivpira,  '  a  bag,  a  purse,')  situate  about 
the  joints,  particularly  about  the  large  ones  of 
the  upper  and  lower  extremities,  and,  for  the 
most  part,  lying  under  the  tendons.  They  are 
naturally  filled  with  an  oily  kind  of  fluid,  the  use 
of  which  is  to  lubricate  surfaces  over  which  the 
tendons  play.  In  consequence  of  bruises  or 
sprains,  this  fluid  sometimes  collects  to  a  great 
extent.  The  bursas  are,  generally,  either  of  a 
roundish  or  oval  form,  and  they  have  been  ar- 
ranged under  two  classes,  the  spherical  and  the 
vaginal. 

Burs.e  Synoviales,  Bursae  mucosa?. 

BURSAL,  Bursa' lis.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  bursae. — as  a  'bursal  tumour.' 

BURSALIS,  Obturator  internus. 

BURSERA  ACUMINATA,  B.  gummifera. 

Burse'ra  Gummif'era,  B.  acumina'ta,  Tere- 
binth'us  r/innmif'era,  Jamaica  Bark  Tree.  Or- 
der, Terebinthaceaj.  A  resin  exudes  from  this 
tree,  which,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  is  solid 
externally  ;  softish  internally  ;  of  a  vitreous  frac- 
ture ;  transparent;  of  a  pale  yellow  colour ;  tur- 
pentine smell,  and  sweet,  perfumed  taste.  It  has 
been  used  like  balsams  and  turpentines  in  gene- 
ral, and  is  called,  by  the  French,  Cachibou,  Chi- 
bou,  and  Re  sine  de  Gomart. 

BURSITIS,  see  Synovitis. 

BURST,  Hernia,  Hernial. 

BURSTEX,  see  Hernial. 

BURSULA.  Scrotum. 

BURTHISTLE,  Xanthium. 

BUR  TREE,  Sambucus. 

BURUNHEM,  Monesia. 

BURWEED,  Xanthium. 

BURWORT,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUSH,  JEW,  Pedilanthus  tithvmaloides. 

BUSSAXG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bus- 
sang  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Vosges, 
France.     The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeates. 

BUSSEROLLE,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BUS'SII  SPIR'ITUS  BEZOAR'TICUS,  Be- 
zoar'dic  Spirit  of  Bussins.  A  preparation,  re- 
garded as  sudorific,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic ; 
obtained  by  distilling  subcarbonate  and  muriate 
of  ammonia,  amber,  oil  of  cedar  or  juniper,  &c. 

BUTE,  ISLAND  OF,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
island  is  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  about  18  miles 
below  Greenock.  The  climate  is  mild  and  equa- 
ble, but  rather  moist ;  and,  as  a  winter  residence, 
it  holds  out  advantages  for  those  only  that  ap- 
pear to  demand  such  a  condition  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. The  climate  resembles,  in  character, 
that  of  the  S.  W.  of  England  and  France,  and 
the  Channel  islands;  although  its  temperature  is 
lower. 

BU'TEA  FRONDO'SA,  Erythri'na  monosper'- 


ma,  Rudolph'ia  frondo'sa,  see  Kino.  A  tree, 
common  in  Bengal,  and  in  the  mountainous  parts 
of  India;  Nat.  Ord.  Legurninosae  ;  from  which 
gum  butea  flows.  Dr.  Pereira  found  this  gum  to 
be  identical  with  a  specimen  marked  gummi  ru- 
brum  astringens — the  gomme  astringente  de  Omm- 
bie  of  M.  Guibourt.  By  some,  this  gum  has  been 
confounded  with  kino. 

BUTIGO,  Gutta  rosea. 

BUTOMOX,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

BUTTER,  from  ,6ovTvpov;  itself  from  (lovs,  'ox,' 
and  rvpos,  'any  thing  coagulated.'  Buty'rum, 
Pice' r ion,  (F.)  Beurre.  A  sort  of  concrete  oil, 
obtained  from  the  cream  that  forms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk  furnished  by  the  females  of  the 
mammalia,  especially  by  the  cow  and  the  goat. 
Fresh  butter  is  very  nutritious,  whilst  the  rancid 
is  irritating.  The  ancient  chemists  gave  the 
name  Butter  to  many  of  the  metallic  chlorides. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  vegetable  substances, 
which  resemble,  in  some  respects,  the  butter  ob- 
tained from  milk.  The  essential  fatty  matter  in 
it  is  bu'tyrin  or  bu'tyrate  of  glyc" erin. 

Butter  of  Antimony,  Antimonium  muriatum. 

Butter  of  Bamrouc  or  Bamboc,  (F.)  Beurre 
de  Bambouc  ou  Bambuk.  A  vegetable  oil  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  almond,  and  used  in 
Senegal  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatismal  pains. 

Butter  of  Ca'cao,  Oil  of  Ca'cao,  Oleum  Ca- 
cao spissa'tum,  0.  Thcobro'mas  Cacao  expres'sum, 
(F.)  Beurre  de  Cacao,  Huile  de  Cacao.  A  fat 
substance,  of  a  sweet  and  agreeable  taste,  ob- 
tained from  the  Theobroma  cacao  or  chocolate 
nut.  Owing  to  its  firmness  and  fusibility,  it  is 
well  adapted  to  serve  as  the  constituent  of  sup- 
positories. 

Butter  of  Cocoa,  (F.)  Buerre  de  Coco.  A 
fatty,  concrete  substance,  which  separates  from 
the  milk  of  the  cocoa  nut.  It  is  sweet  and 
agreeable. 

Butter  and  Eggs,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus 
— b.  Kokum,  see  Garcinia  purpurea  —  b.  of  Nut- 
megs, see  Mvristica. 

BUTTERI3UR,  Tussilago  petasites. 

BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R. 
bulbosus. 

BUTTERFLY-WEED,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

BUTTERMILK,  (Prov.)  Chum-milk,  Kern- 
milk,  Whig,  (Sc.)  Btadoch,  Bledoch,Bladda,  Kirn- 
milk,  Sourmilk,  (F.)  Babeurre,  Lait  de  Beurre. 
The  thin,  sour  milk,  separated  from  the  cream  by 
churning.  It  contains  caseum  and  a  little  butter. 
It  is  a  refreshing  drink  when  newly  made. 

BUTTERTEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

BUTTER  WEED,  Erigeron  Canadense, 

BUTTERWORT,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

BUTTOCK-HUMP,  Steatopyga. 

BUTTOXBUSH,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

BUTTONWOOD  SHRUB,  Cephalanthus  occi- 
dentalis. 

BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

BUTYRATE  OF  GLYCERIN,  see  Butter. 

BUTYRIX,  see  Butter. 

BUTYRUM,  Butter  — b.  Amygdalarum  dul- 
cium,  Confection  (almond) — b.  Saturni,  Unguen- 
tum  plumbi  superacetatis  —  b.  Zinci,  Zinci  chlo- 
ridum. 

BUVEUR,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BUXTOX,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF,  Bux- 
[  tonien'ses  Aquce.  Buxton  is  a  village  in  Derby- 
shire. The  springs  are  thermal,  and  about  82° 
|  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  sulphate  of  soda, 
J  chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
i|  of  magnesium,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
II  and  azote.  They  are  used  in  cases  in  which 
i  thermal  springs,  in  general,  are  recommended. 
J|  They  contain  little  or  no  mineral  impregnation. 

BUXUS,  Buxus  sempervi'rens.      The  Box-tree, 
[,  (F.)  Bids  ou  Bonis.     The  leaves  are  bitter  and 


B  Y  N  E 


149 


CACHECTIC 


aromatic,  ami,  a?  such,  have  been  used  in  me  li- 
cine,  in  OUM  of  worms,  dyspepsia,  A:c.,  in  the 
form  of  decoction.  They  are  BOmetimes,  also, 
added  to  beer.  The  seed  was  anciently  called 
Onrthi  ''/'<». 

BYNE,  Malt 

BY'RETHRCM.  A  sort  of  cap  or  Cnnrrechef, 
filled  with  eepbalie  substances. — Porestus. 

BYRON  ACID  or  BOUH  SPRINGS.  These 
Springs  are  in  the  town  of  Byron,  Genesee  coun- 
ty. New  York.  The  water  is  a  nearly  pure  dilute 
sulphuric  acid.  They  are  powerfully  astringent 
and  tonic. 

BYRSA,  iivoaa.  A  leather  skin  to  spread 
plasters  upon. 

BYRSODEP'SICON.  A  tan  Bfcuff,  with  which 
C.klils  JSuBBLLUTUfl  sprinkled  wool,  which  he 


applied  in  certain  cases  to  the  umbilical  region  ; 
from  (Ivpau.  '  leather/  and  istfrsu,  '  I  tan.' 

BYRSOD  EPS  [CUM    PR  I  NCI  PIUM,  Tannin. 

BYSAU'CHEN,  from  (3™,  'I  stop   np, 
av%rivt   'the  neck.'       A    morbid  stillness    of  the- 
neck.     One  with  a  short  neck, — Simotraei 

BYSSOS,  Vulva. 

BYSSUS,  Byaaum.  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  several  vegetable  Bubstanoes, 
used  for  the  fabrication  of  stud's  prised  for  their 
fineness,  colour,  and  rarity  of  material.  It  is 
now  chiefly  applied  to  the  filaments,  by  the  ai  1 
of  which  the  acephalous  mollusea  attach  their 
shells  to  the  rucks.  BysstU  was  formerly  kit  » 
applied  to  the  female  pudendum. 

BYTHOS,  0v$oS,  '  depth.'     An  epithet  used  by 
Hippocrates  for  the  fundus  of  the  stomach. 


C.  This  letter  in  the  chemical  alphabet  sig- 
nifies nitre.  It  is  also  sometimes  used  in  pre- 
scriptions for  calx. 

CAA-AP'IA,  Dorete'nia  Brazilien'sis  seu  cor- 
difo'lia  seu  placenta*' dee  sen  vitel'la.  Order, 
Urticese.  The  root,  according  to  Piso,  is  employed 
as  emetic  and  anti-diarrhoeic. 

CAA-ATAY'A.  A  plant  of  Brazil,  supposed 
to  be  a  species  of  gratiola.  It  is  very  bitter, 
and  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  indigenous 
cathartics. 

CAACICA.  Euphorbia  capitata. 

CAA-GHIYU'YO,  Frutex  bae'ei/er  Brazilien'- 
ei*.  A  shrub  of  Brazil,  whose  leaves,  in  powder, 
are  considered  detersive. 

CAAOPIA,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

CAAPEBA,  Pareira  brava,  Pothomorpha  pel- 
tate  and  P.  umbellata. 

CAAPONGA,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CAAROBA.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  leaves, 
in  decoction,  promote  perspiration.  See  Cera- 
tonia. 

CABAL,  Cab' a  la,  Cnbal'la,  Col'bala,  Caba'lia, 
Sjab'ala,  OabaUa.  This  word  is  from  the  He- 
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by 
tradition.  Paracelsus  and  several  authors  of  the 
16th  and  17th  centuries  have  spoken  much  of 
this  species  of  magic,  which  they  distinguished  in- 
to Juda'ie  or  theolo'yian,  and  Hermetic  or  medic" - 
nuil  ;  the  latter  being,  according  to  them,  the 
art  of  knowing  the  most  occult  properties  of 
-  by  an  immediate  communication  with 
spirits, — the  knowledge  being  thus  acquired  by 
inspiration,  and  incapable  of  inducing  error.  It 
was  also  called  Ars  eabaUt'tica  seu  «iyna'ta,  'ca- 
balistic art.' 

CABAL'HAU.  A  plant  of  Mexico,  according 
to  Dalcchamps,  which    passes   for  an   antidote  to 

white  hellebore,  and  ye(  is  used   lor  poisoning 

arrows.      It  is  unknown  to  botanists. 

CAB'ALIST,  Cabal  in' ta.  One  instructed  in 
the  Cabal. 

CABALLATION,  Cynoglossum. 

CABARET,  Asa  rum. 

CABBAGE,  Brassioa — o.  Cow,  Nymphaa  odo- 
rata — c.  Irish,  Dracontium  foetidum  —  c  Skunk, 
Dracontium    fOBtidum  —  c.   Swamp,    Dracontium 

foetidum — a  Water,  Nymphaa  odorata— o.  Tree, 
Geoffrass  inermis — o,  Bark  tree,  Geoffnea  inermis. 

C  kBB  IGIUM,  Geoffrssa  inermis. 

CABOTZ,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

CABUREIBA,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 


CABUREICIBA,   see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CACvE'MIA,  Cucha'mia,  from  kokos,  'bad,' 
and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A  faulty  or  morbid  condition 
of  the  blood. 

CACESTHE'SIS,  CacaoBxthe'sis,  Caco&sthe'- 
sis,  from  kcikos,  '  bad,'  and  aiadrjais,  '  feeling.' 
Morbid  sensation.  Morbid  general  feeling.  In- 
disposition. 

CACAFERRI,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'ytts,  Cac'cagogne,  Cac- 
cago'gus,  from  KaKKn,  'excrement,'  and  aytiv,  'to 
expel.'  An  ointment,  composed  of  alum  and 
honey;  which,  when  applied  to  the  anus,  pro- 
duced an  evacuation. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CACALEXITEKIA.  Alexiteria. 

CACA'LIA  ANTEUPHOR'BIUM,  Antett- 
phor'binm.  Ord.  Compositae.  A  plant,  which 
Dodoens  and  others  considered  to  be  capable  of 
tempering  the  caustic  properties  of  euphorbium. 
It  is  also  called  Klein' ia. 

Many  varieties  of  the  Cacalia  are  used,  in  dif- 
ferent countries,  chiefly  as  condiments. 

CA'CAO,  Ca'coa,  Caca'vi,  Quakoil,  Cacava'ta. 
The  cocoa  or  chocolate  nut;  fruit  of  Theobro'ma 
Cacao,  Co'coa  Cacavi/'era,  Ca'cao  minor  seu 
eati'va,  Cacao  theobro'ma,  (F.)  Cacaoyer  ou  Ca- 
caotier  ordinaire.  Family,  Malvaceae.  Sex. 
Syet.  Polydelphia  Pentandria. 

CACAOTI1-U  ORDINAIRE,^*  Cacao. 

CACAOYER  ORD  IX  A I  RE,  see  Cacao. 

CACATION,  Defecation. 

CACATORIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CAC'ATORY,  Cacato'riue,  from  caeare,  'to  go 
to  stool.'  Febri8  cacato'ria;  a  kind  of  intermit- 
tent fever,  accompanied  by  copious  alvine  evacua- 
tions.— Sylvius. 

CACAVATA,  Cacao. 

CACAVI,  Cacao,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CACCAGOGUE,  Cacagogue. 

CACCE,  Excrement. 

CACCION'DE.  A  sort  of  pill,  chiefly  formed 
of  catechu,  recommended  by  Baglivi  in  dysentery. 

CACEPHSBOTE'SIA,  from  koto;,  'bad,'  and 
£0t/?orv?,  'puberty.'  Morbid  puberty.  Dbea.-e 
occurring  at  the  period  of  puberty. 

CACHALOT,  see  Cetaceum. 

CACHANG-PARANG.  A  sort  of  bean  of  Su- 
matra,   mentioned   by  Marsden,    whose  seeds  are 

given  in  pleurisy.  Jussieu  considered  it  to  be  the 
Mimo'ea  tcandetu. 

CACHECTIC,  Cachec'te$,  Cachec'ticxu,  (F.) 
Oachectique,  same  etymon  as  Cachexia,     One  at- 


CACIIELCOMA 


150 


CACOSIS 


tacked  with  cachexia.  Belonging  to  cachexia. 
Cachec'tica  remed'ia  are  remedies  against  ca- 
chexia. 

CACIIELCOMA,  Helcocace. 
CACHEN-LAGUEN,  Chironia  Chilensis. 
CACHET  (F.),  'a  seal.'  A  stamp  or  medicine 
stamp,  used  by  the  ancient  Romans  for  marking 
their  drags,  especially  those  prescribed  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eyes;  and  hence  called,  by  some, 
oculist  stomps.  Some  of  those  more  lately  dis- 
covered amongst  Roman  antiquities,  have  been 
described  by  MM.  Sichel  and  Duchalais,  and  by 
Prof.  Simpson,  of  Edinburgh. 

CACHEX'IA,  from  kukos,  'bad,'  and  'ti-is, 
*  habit.'  Status  cachee'ticits,  Cach'exy,  Dysthe'sis, 
(F.)  Gachexie.  A  condition  in  which  the  body 
is  evidently  depraved.  A  bad  habit  of  body, 
chiefly  the  result  of  scorbutic,  cancerous,  or  ve- 
nereal diseases  when  in  their  last  stage.  Hence 
we  hear  of  a  Scorbutic  Cachexia,  Cancerous  Ca- 
chexia, &c.  Snuvages  and  Cullen  have  included 
under  this  head  a  number  of  diseases — consump- 
tions, dropsies,  <fce.  Cachexia  has  been  some- 
times confounded  with  diathesis.  Cachexia  Ic- 
ter'ica  is  jaundice  or  icterus  itself,  or  a  disposition 
thereto.  Fluor  albus  is  sometimes  called  Ca- 
chexia Uteri'ua. 

Cachexia  Africana,  Chthonophagia — c.  Cal- 
culosa,  Lithia — c.  Cancerous,  see  Cancer — c. 
Chlorotic,  Chlorosis — c.  Dysthetica,  D3'scrasia. 

Cachexia,  Gaol.  The  deteriorated  organic 
actions  induced  by  confinement  in  prisons,  which 
is  so  often  the  precursor  of  scrofula. 
Cachexia  Icterica,  Icterus. 
Cachexia  Londinen'sis.  The  paleness  and 
other  evidences  of  impaired  health  presented  by 
the  inhabitants  of  London.  A  similar  cachexia  is 
seen  in  those  of  other  crowded  cities. 

Cachexia,  Lymphatica  Farcimixosa,  see 
Equinia. 

Cachexia,  Marsh,  (F.)  Cachexie  2>aludeenne, 
ou  palustre.  The  state  of  cachexy  observed  in 
malarious  districts. 

Cachexia,  Saturnixa,  Saturnismus — c.  Scor- 
butic, see  Purpura — c.  Scrophulosa,  Scrofula. 

Cachexia  Sple'xica.  The  state  of  scorbutic 
cachexia,  which  often  accompanies  diseases,  es- 
pecially enlargement  of  the  spleen,  Splenal'  gia 
Mengalen'sis,  in  India. 

Cachexia  Venerea,  Syphilis — c.  Venous,  Ve- 
nosity — c.  Virginura,  Chlorosis. 

CACHEXIE,  Cachexia — e.  Iodee,  see  Iodine 
—  c.  Paludeenne,  Cachexia,  marsh  —  c.  Palustre, 
Cachexia,  marsh. 

CACHEXY.  Cachexia. 
CACHfUOU.  see  Bursera  gummifera. 
CACHINLAGTJA,  Chironia  ehilensis. 
CACHINNA'TIO,    from    caehinno,    <I   laugh 
aloud.'     A  tendency  to  immoderate  laughter,  as 
in  some  hysterical  and  maniacal  affections. 

CACHIRI.  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in  Cay- 
enne, from  a  decoction  of  the  rasped  root  of  the 
manioc.     It  resembles  perry. 

CACHLEX.  A  small  stone  or  pebble,  found 
on  the  sea  shore.  One  of  these,  when  heated  in 
the  fire,  and  cooled  in  whey,  communicates  an 
astringency  to  the  liquid,  so  that  it  was  anciently 
esteemed  to  be  useful  in  dysentery. — Galen. 

CACHOS.     An  oriental  fruit,  apparently  of  a 
Solanum,  which  is  esteemed  lithontriptic. 
CACHOU,  Catechu. 

CACHRYS  LIBAXO'TIS.  An  umbelliferous 
plant  which  grows  in  Africa  and  the  south  of 
Europe.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent.  Its  seeds 
are  extremely  acrid. 

Cachrys  Maritima,  Crithmum  maritimum. 
CACHUN'DE.     An    Indian    troch    or   pastile 
composed    of   amber,  mastic,    musk,   cinnamon, 
aloes,  rhubarb,  galanga,  pearls,  rubies,  emeralds, 


garnets,  &e.     It  is  regarded  by  the  people  of  In- 
dia as  an  antidote,  stomachic  and  antispasmodic. 
CACO,  kuko,  properly  only  an  abbreviation   of 
KaKog.     In  composition  it  means   something  de- 
fective :  as  in  the  following  words  : 
CACOyESTHESIS.  Cacaesthesis. 
CACO-ALEXITERIA,  Alexipharmic. 
CACOCHOL'IA,  from  «a<coj,  'bad,'  and  xn^Vt 
'bile.'    Diseases  induced  by  a  depraved  condition 
of  the  bile. 

CAC'OCHROI,  Cac'ochri,  from  teams,  'bad,' 
and  XPoa>  'colour.'  Diseases  in  which  the  com- 
plexion is  morbidly  changed  in  colour. 

CACOCHYL'IA,  from  kukos,  'bad/  and  XvXos, 
'chyle.'     Depraved  chylitication. 

CACOCHYM'IA,  Kakochym'ia,  Corrup'tio 
Humo'rum,  from  kclkos,  'bad.'  and  y^o?,  'juice.' 
'humour.'  Cacocli'ymy.  Depravation  of  the 
humours. 

Cacochyjiia  Plcmbea,  Lead  poisoning  —  c. 
Scorbutica,  see  Purpura  —  c.  Scrophulosa,  Scro- 
fula—  c.  Venerea,  Svphilis. 

CACOCH'YMUS,  'Cavochym'icus.  One  attacked 
with  cacochymia.     Belonging  to  cacochyima. 

CACOCNE'MUS,  Cacocne' 'miens,  Mails  suris 
pradi'tus;  from  kukos,  'bad,'  and  Kvrjp.T},  'the 
leg.'     One  who  has  bad  legs. 

CACOCORE'MA,  from  kukos,  'bad,'  and  Kopt<o, 
1 1  purge,  or  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  purges 
off  the  vitiated  humours. 

CACODyE'MON,  from  kukos,  'bad.' and  6ai^v, 
'a  spirit.'  An  evil  spirit,  to  which  were  ascribed 
many  disorders.     The  nightmare. 

CACO'DES,  from  kukos,  'bad,'  and  o^eiv,  'to 
smell' — male  olens.  Having  a  bad  smell;  Caco'- 
dia,  Caeos'mia. 

CACODIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CACOETR'BS,Cacoeth'icns,  (F.)  Caeofrhe,  from 
kukos,  'bad,'  and  cSos,  'disposition,  habit/  <fcc. 
Of  a  bad  or  vitiated  character,  as  ulcus  cacoeth'es, 
an  ulcer  of  a  malignant  character. 
CACOETHICUS,  Cacoethes. 
CACOGALAC'TIA,  Cacogn'lia,  from  kukos, 
'bad,'  and  yu\a,  gen.  yaXaKjos,  'milk.'  A  bad 
condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALAC'TICA.  Same  etymon  as  the  last. 
One  who  suffers  from  a  bad  condition  of  the  milk. 
CACOGALIA,  Cacosjalactia. 
CACOGEN'ESIS,  (F.)  Cacogenese,  from  kukos, 
'bad,'  and  ytvcais,  'generation.'     A  morbid  for- 
mation.    A  monstrosity. 

CACOMORPHIA.  Deformation. 
CACOMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 
CACOPATHI'A,    Pas'sio   Mala,    from    kukos, 
'bad,'  and  iraS-os,  'affection.'     A  distressed  state 
of  mind. — Hippocrates. 

CACOPHO'NIA,  from  kukos,  'bad/ and  ^vrj, 
'voice/  vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition  of 
voice. 

CACOPLAS'TIC,  Cacoplas'ticus,  DysjAasmat'- 
ic ;  from  kukos,  'bad/  and  irAao-o-u),  'I  form.'  Sus- 
ceptible of  only  a  low  degree  of  organization,  as 
the  indurations  resulting  from  low  or  chronic 
inflammation,  fibro-cartilage,  cirrhosis,  &o. 

CACOPRA'GIA,  Cacoprax'is,  from  kukos, 
'bad/  and  tzpuTTu>,  'I  perform.'  Depraved  con- 
dition of  the  organic  functions. 
CACOPRAXIS,  Cacopragia. 
CACORRHACHI'TIS,  from  kukos,  'bad/  and 
pa%ts,  'the  spine.'  Cacor'rhachis,  Caeo*-'hachi«, 
Cacorhachi'tis,  Spondylalgia.  Deformity  of  the 
spine.  Disease  of  the  spine.  Spontaneous  luxa- 
tion of  the  vertebrae  and  ribs  dependent  upon 
internal  causes. 

CACORRHYTH'MUS,  An-hyth'mus,  from  ku- 
kos, 'bad/  and  pv^pos,  'rhythm/  'order.'  Irre- 
gular. 

CACO'SIS.     Mala  disposit"io}   (F.)  Vice.     A 


CACOSITIA 


151 


CJECTM 


bad  condition  of  body. — Hippocrates.    Ad. 
c o 1 1 ■  i ■  ■  ■•  'ii  in  general. 

[A,   from   *<uoi,  'bad/   and   oitiov, 
'aliment.'      l>i-,'U.-t   t>r  aversion   for  food — Fas- 
tid'ium  eibo'rnnu 
C  \.C  >SM  1  V.  Bee  Cac 

ilTM.  from  taxes,  'bad,'  anil  au>^a, 
'the  body.'  An  hospital  for  leprosy,  and  incura- 
ble affi  eraL 

:M  i'Sl  L,    '"'    mperma'tia,    I 
from  Ktucos,  'bad,'  and  a-c^fta,  'sperm.' 
A  be  I  '•  mdition  of  the  .-perm. 

ISPBTX'IA,    from     i   •  1/    and 

■pulse." — Yiliu'tsuti  jjut'sus.      Bad   .-late  of 

—Galen. 

►SPLANCH'NIA,  from  race*  '  bad/  and 

•  a   viscus.'     Indigestion.     The  ema- 

ciaiiou    dependent  upon  imperfect  digestion. — 

Biebenbanr. 

BUS,  from  k.iko<.  'bad/  and 
i"   st  imaeh.1     Whai   disagrees   with 
the  b!  im  ich.     indigestible. — Gorraeus. 

'•!  \  rOSPHBBSIAj    Breath,   offen- 

I8T0MUS,  from  ram*  'had.'  and  crop*, 
'a  mouth.'  Having  a  bad  mouth,  or  a  bad 
bre:ith. 

I    m  II  \\  ISIA,  see  Euthanasia. 
CACOTHYM'IA,   Vifium  A  n't  mi,  from  ™<of, 
n«l  fapofc  '  mind,'  •  disposition.'     A  vicious 
I. — Linden. 
C  tCOTRIBULUS,  Centaurea  ealcitrapa. 

rTBICH'IA,  from  *a«x,  '  bad/ and  0p«& 
TPtX°i-  'hair.'     Disease  of  the  hair. 

'  rROPB'IA,  from  KaKoi,  -bad,' and  rpo^n, 
'nutrition.' —  Vitio'ta  mitrit" io  • — disordered  nu- 
trition. — Galen. 

'0(1,  Cagot,  Catechu. 

i  C0<  CIN'EA,  Coucin'ea,  Coc- 
ciit'<<i.  Sehoutba'a  .  Tikimma.    A  peren- 

nial  twining  shrub  of  South  America,  the  plant 
of   which,  as  well  as  the  fruit,  is   possessed  of 
-cathartic  properties. 
GACTIER,  (actus  opuntia. 
3,  Cynara, 

OPUNTIA,  Opan'rto,  0.  vulga'ri: 
The   Indian  Fig,  .  Raquette,  Figuier 

cTLkU.  This  plant   grows  in 

,  E   sin,  Italy,  Ac.    Its  fruit,  which 
has  the  shape  of  the  t\x.  is  of  a  sweetish  taste, 
he  urine  red  when  eaten.    Its  leaves 
are  considered  refrigerant. 

The   fruits   of  different  species  of  cactus  are 

Calb'd    Tumi*. 

CADA'BA,  A  genus  of  the  family 

'  ,  natives  of  India  and  Arabia.     The 

shoots  of  the  Cada'ba  farino'ea  are  consi- 

to  be  an  antidote  against  venomous  bites. 

CADA'VEB,   Ptema,  Neeron.      A  dead  body, 

-   .     Corp  :    a  tnojeet ;   a  carcase, 

idnore.     The  word  has  been  sup] 

'  T   fall  ;'   and   by  some   to  be  a 
eon 'ra<-t: on  from  earo  <l<itn  eermibue,  'flesh  given 
worms.'  [?] 
CADAVKBIC,  Cadaverous. 
c  \D  IV  EBOUS,     Ca .).,,-■. 

•   idavin  n  r,    i  'adavtriqw  .     Be- 
longing to  the  dead  body;  as  eadaverou*  tmell. 
■  {av'erouM  or  Hippoerat'ie  face,    n  ■■  Pace  . 
m favourable  sign  in  disease,  and  generally 
den"'  rmination. 

Lv'BBona  or  Cadat'ibio  HrpBBJs'viA. 
The  hypostatic  hyperemia  observed  in  depend- 
ing I    Hi-  of  the  dead  bodv. 

CADDY  [NSE<  /.oa. 

'.  .1  aniperus  ozycedrus. 
[NDI,  Malabatbrum. 
CADKL-AV  \.\  MT.  Oroton  ti-lium. 
CADIA.      An    Egyptian,    leguminous    plant. 


.it tribute  to  its  fresh  leaves  the  power 
of  relie\  in lt  colic 

CADIVA  [NS  \MA.  Bpfl.  • 

CADMIA,  Calamina,  Tutia. 

CADMI'l  SULPHAS,  Cadmi'um  eulphn'rieum, 
Sulpha*  Cadmi'cue,  M-'i'iii  Sulpha*,  Klapro'thii 
Sulpha*,    Klapro'thium     Sulphu'ricum,    Melinnm 

Sn/jjliii'riru.u,    Sulphate    of   Cinl'iiiiiiiii.       I 

Bpots  on  the  cornea,  and  in  chronic  torpid  in- 
flammation ttf  the  conjunctiva,  in  the  quantity 
of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain  to  the  ounce  oi 
It  docs  not  differ  materially  in  its  properties  from 
sulphate  of  zinc.      The  nitrate,  in  the  dot 
of  s  grain,  induces  vomiting  and  purging. 

CADMIUM  SULPHUBICUM,  Cadmii  Sul- 
phas. 

CADRE  DU  TTMPANt  Tympanal  The 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone  which  supports  the 
membrane  tympani. 

CADTCHU,  Catechu. 

CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua  — c  Passio, 
Epilepsy. 

CADU'CITY,  Tmbecil'litae,  Debil'itat,  Cadu'- 
citat,  from  eadere,  'to  fall.'  The  French  use  the 
word  ( 'adueiti  for  the  portion  of  human  life  whieh 
is  comprised  generally  between  70  and  80  year-. 
The  age  which  precedes  decrepitude.  It  is  bo 
termed  in  consequence  of  the  limbs  not  usually 
ing  sufficient  strength  to  support  the  body. 
The  precise  age  must  of  course  vary  in  indivi- 
duals. 

CADVQUE,  Decidua  membrana — e.  /.' 
see  Decidua  membrana — c.  Uterine,  Decidua — e. 
Vraie,  Decidua  membrana, 

CADUBCUS,  Vulva. 

CADUS,  Kudos.  A  Greek  measure  equal  to  ten 
gallons  English. — Pliny.     Amphora. 

CJEC\  POBAM'IN'A  (ANTEBIUS  BT  POS- 
TEBIUS)  are  situate  at  the  fore  and  back  parts 
of  the  tuber  annulare  of  the  brain,  and  at  the 
extremities  of  the  depression  made  by  the  verte- 
bral artery.  The  former  is  placed  between  the 
nerves  of  the  third,  and  the  latter  between  tlioso 
of  the  sixth  pair. 

CJECJE  II^EMORRHOI'DES,  Blind  Pile*, 
(F.)  Himorrhoide*  aveugles,  are  those  unaccom- 
panied by  any  disch 

CECAL,  Caca'li*.  Belonging  to  the  Crecum, 
from  deem,  'blind,  hidden.'  The  Cheat  arterie* 
and  vein*  are  the  branches  of  the  Arteria  ■ 
colicce  dextra  inferioree,  distributed  to  the  osacum. 
The  Gacal  or  blind  extremity  of  a  duct  is  its 
closed  termination.     See  Csbcus. 

CICATRIX,  Cicatrix. 

Cfi'CITAS,  Ces'citae,  Cateitu'do,  AbUp'eia, 
Obeaea'tio,  Occaca'tio,  Anap'eia,  Tg'phlote*, 
Typhlo'ei*,  Ce'oity,  Blindne**,  (P.)  Aveuglement, 
Cieiti,  Peru  de  la  rme.  Csscitas  may  be  depend- 
ent upon  many  different  diseases — as  upon  amau- 
rosis, specks,  hypopyon,  cataract,  glaucoma,  oph- 
thalmia, atrophy  of  the  eye,  &c. 

CjBOitAS  Cbupuscularis,  Hemeralopia  —  p. 
Diurna,  Nyctalopia  —  o.  Nooturna,  Hemeralopia. 

CjECITE,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

CiBCITUDO,  CsMitas. 

i,  Inteeti'num  rat-inn,  Monam'- 

flrh',11,       Mniitmi'iiriiin,       Mminrn' l,,,l,       M  iiimril' I  mil , 

Typhlo'teron  monoeo'lon,  Typhlot'erum,  Typhlo- 
in'termn,  InW'ium  inteeti'ni  eraeti,  8accut  Inte*- 
tini  eratei  sen  Colt,  Caeum  ('npnt  eoli,  Caput eoli, 
Prima  eella  eoli,  Init"ium  extn'berant  eoli,  from 
cacti*,  'blind.'  The  Blind  Out,  so  called  from 
its  being  open  at  one  end  only.  That  por- 
tion of  the  intestinal  canal  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  termination  of  the  ileum  and  com- 
mencement of  the  colon  ;  ami  which  fills,  almost 
wholly,  the  ri.Lrht  iliac  fossa;  where  the  perito- 
neum retains  it  immovably.  lis  length  IS  about 
three  or  lour  lingers'    breadth.     The  Jlcu-cacal 


CiECUS 


152        CALADIUM   ESCULENTUM 


valve  or  Valve  of  Bauhin  shuts  off  all  communi- 
cation between  it  and  the  ileum  ;  and  the  Appen- 
dix vermiformia  cceci  is  attached  to  it. 

Cecum  Fora'men  of  the  frontal  bone  is  a  small 
cavity  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  internal 
coronal  crest  or  crista.  —  Fronto-ethmoidal  fora- 
men, (F.)  Trou  aveugle  ou  borgne.  Morgagni  has 
Liven  the  same  name  to  the  small  cavity  in  the 
middle  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  tongue,  near 
its  base;  the  sides  of  which  are  furnished  with 
mucous  follicles — Lacunes  de  la  langue — (Ch.) 

Cjecvm,  Phlegmonous  Tumour  op  the,  Ty- 
phlo-enteritis. 

CECUS.  'Blind.'  One  deprived  of  sight, 
Typhlop8,  (F.)  Aveugle,  Borgne.  In  anatomy,  it 
is  used  to  designate  certain  holes  or  cavities, 
which  end  in  a  cul-de-sac;  or  have  only  one 
opening.     See  Caecal. 

Blind  Ducts  of  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Conduits 
aveugles  de  Vurethre,  are  the  Mucous  Lacu'noB 
of  the  Ure'thra. 

C^ILA-DOLO,  Torenia  Asiatica. 

CEMENTUM,  Lute. 

CiERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian 
blue — c.  Borussicum,  Prussian  blue. 

CERULOSIS  NEONATORUM,  Cyanopathy. 

CJESALPI'NIA,  G.  sappan,  Sappan  or  Samp- 
fen  -wood,  (F.)  Bresillet,  Bois  de  Stippan.  Ord. 
Leguminosa?.  Called  after  Caesalpinus.  A  small 
Siamese  tree,  the  wood  of  which  is  used  in  de- 
coction, in  cases  of  contusion. 

Brazil  wood,  Pernambuco  or  Fernambuco  wood, 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent,  is  the  wood  of 
C.ksalpix'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper 
Brazil  wood  ;  but  another  variety  in  commerce  is 
the  Brasiletto  from  C&salpinia  Brasiliensis  and 
C.  crista,  which  grow  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  Nicaragua  or  Peach-wood  is  analogous  to 
this,  and  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  species  of 
Caesalpinia. 

The  kernel  of  Cesalpix'ia  Boxpucell/a,  the 
seed  of  which  is  called  in  India  Kutkuleja  and 
Kutoo  Kurunja,  is  given  as  a  febrifuge  tonic. 
Dose,  ten  grains. 

CESA'REAN  SECTION,  Ccesa'rean  opera- 
tion, Tomotoc'ia,  Ccp.sa'rea  sectio,  Partus  cassa'- 
reits,  Opera'tio  ccesa'rea,  Jletrotom' ia,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration Cesarienne,  from  ccedere,  ccesum,  '  to 
cut.'  An  incision  made  through  the  parietes 
of  the  abdomen  and  uterus  to  extract  the 
foetus.  In  this  manner,  Julius  Caesar  is  said 
to  have  been  extracted.  —  Pliny.  It  is  also 
called  Hysterotom'ia,  Hysterotomotoc'ia,  Gastro- 
v.tetrotom'  ia,  Gasterhysterot'omy,  Gastrometrot'- 
ome,  Gastroh  ysterot'  omy.  An  incision  has  been 
made  into  the  uterus  through  the  vagina,  consti- 
tuting the  Vaginal  Cesarean  Section,  Gastro- 
elytrotom'ia,  Gastrelytratom' ia,  Gastrocolpotom'ia, 
Laparacolpotom' ia,  Laparoelytrotom' ia,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration cesarienne  vaginale.  The  Caesarean  sec- 
tion may  be  recmircd  when  the  mother  dies 
before  delivery ;  when  there  is  some  invincible 
obstacle  to  delivery  from  the  faulty  conformation 
of  the  pelvis ;  or  when  the  child  has  passed  into 
the  abdominal  cavity  in  consequence  of  rupture 
of  the  uterus. 

CE3ARIES,  Capillus,  Scalp. 

CESIUS,  Glaucoma. 

CE'SONES,  Cce'sares.  Children  brought  into 
the  world  by  the  Caesarean  operation. 

CJESU'LI/E.     They  who  have  gray  eyes. 

CAESURA,  Cut. 

CETCHU,  Catechu. 

CAP,  Camphor. 

CAFAL,  Agrimony. 

CAFAR,  Camphor. 

CAFF,  Coffea. 

CAFF  A  LA  SULTANE.    This  name  has 


been  given  to  an  infusion  or  decoction  of  the  ground 
coques  or  pericarps  which  surround  the  coffee. 

CAFF  CITRIN.  The  aqueous  infusion  of  un- 
roasted  coffee,  so  called  on  account  of  its  yellow- 
ish tint. 

CAFEIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFF  IFF  and  CAFF Y FR,  Coffea  Arabica, 

CAFFA,  Camphor. 

CAFFEIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFIFR,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFUR,  Camphor. 

CAGAS'TRUM.  The  principal  or  germ  of  dis- 
eases which  are  communicable. — Paracelsus. 

CAGNFUX,  Cagot.     See  Kyllosis. 

CAGOSANGA,  ipecacuanha. 

CAGOTS{¥.).  A  name  given  to  deformed  and 
miserable  beings,  met  with  in  the  Pyrenees.  Bern, 
and  Upper  Gascony,  in  France,  where  they  are  also 
called  Capots.  In  other  districts  they  are  called 
Gezits,  Gezitains,  Cretins,  Gahets,  Capons,  Coli- 
berts,  Cacous,  Cagneux,  &c.  See  Cretin.  The  word 
Cagot  is  supposed  to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Cania 
Gothus,  '  Dog  of  a  Goth.' 

CAGUE-SANGUE,  Caqnesangne. 

CAHINCE  RADIX,  Caincae  radix. 

CAFEPUT  OIL,  Caj'eput  oil,  Kyapnt'ty,  Ca- 
jnpu'ti  O'leum.  The  volatile  oil  of  the  leaves  of 
Melaleu'ca  Cajupu'ti,  Ord.  Myrtaceae,  a  native 
of  the  Moluccas.  The  oil  has  a  strong,  fragrant 
smell,  like  camphor;  taste  pungent  and  aromatic. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  useful  where  the  essential  oils 
in  general  are  employed.  It  has  also  been  called 
Oil  of'Witneben,  from  the  person  who  first  dis- 
tilled it. 

CAIK,  Pleurodynia. 

CAIL-CEDRA,  Swietenia  Senegalensis. 

CAILLE,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

CAILLE,  see  Curd. 

CAILLE AU,  Lantana. 

CAILLEBOTTE,  see  Curd. 

CAILLE-LAIT,  Rennet  —  c.  Blanc,  Galium 
mollugo — c.   Vraie,  Galium  verum. 

CAILLETTE,  Abomasus. 

CATLLOT,  Coagulum. 

CAINANyE  RADIX,  Caincae  radix. 

CAIN'CJl  RADIX,  Radix  Chiococ'cm,  R. 
Caina'nm  seu  Caninance  seu  Cahincce  seu  Ka- 
hinccB  seu  Serpcnta'ria?  Brazilien'sis,  Cainca  Root. 
The  bark  of  the  roots  of  Chiococc'a  anguif'uga 
seu  densifo'lia,  and,  perhaps,  Ch.  racemo'sa,  a 
plant  of  the  Order  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia,  of  Linnaeus.  It  is  bitter, 
tonic,  and  diuretic,  but  has  not  been  long  intro- 
duced.    Dose  of  the  powder,  from  £)j  to  gss. 

Dr.  John  H.  Griscom,  of  New  York,  considers 
there  is  a  remarkable  analogy  between  the  Cain- 
ca and  the  Apocynura  cannabinum. 

CAINITO,  Chrysophyllum  Cainito. 

CAIPA  SCHORA.  A  cucurbitaceous  Malabar 
plant,  the  fruit  of  which  has  a  pyriform  shape. 
The  juice  is  drunk  in  that  country  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arresting  hiccough.  The  fruit,  when  un- 
ripe, is  emetic. 

CAISSE,  Case — c.  du  Tambour,  Tympanum — 
c.  du  Tympan,  see  Tvmpanum 

CAITCHU,  Catechu. 

CAJAN,  Phaseolus  creticus 

CAJUPUTI.  Caieput. 

CAKES,  WORM,  STORY'S.  These  were  com- 
posed of  calomel  and  jalap,  made  into  cakes,  and 
coloured  with  cinnabar.  , 

CALABASH-TREE,  NARROW-LEAVED, 
Crescentia  Cujete. 

CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Arum  esculen- 
tum. 

Cala'ptum  Segtji'ntjm,  Nat.  Ord.  Araceae.  A 
plant  of  India,  whose  acrid  juice  has  been  given 


C  A  L  A  F 


1  :.  8 


CALCENOS 


there  in  goat  and  rheumatism,  and  as  an  anaphro- 
disiac  to  women.  The  tincture  ha<  been  prescribed 
in  pruritus  vulv;e. 

OALAF,   Salix  JSgyptiaoa.      A  large-Ieared 
Egyptian  willow,  oalled,  also,   Baa.      The    dis- 
of   the    flowers,  oalled  Maeakale/t 
in  that    country,  for   an    ezeellent    ant- 
aphrodisiac.      It    i-   1 1 1 < o   Deed   us   an    antiloiinio, 
antbeptio,  and  cordial. 

CALAOl   ILA,  see  Calaguato  radix. 
,:i.  Vernon ia  anthelmintic*. 
<   \  l.  \«i  1  K  Ml.  Vernonia  anthelmintic*. 
CALAGUA'L^    RADIX,   Calague'l*  Radix. 
.  [  of  Polypn'dium  Oalagua'la  seu  adianti- 

fui'mr    gen    <<>ria'eenm    SOU    ammi/o'li  urn    sea    ar- 

<j<u't>it  i  M-ii  pol'itum,  Aspid'ium  eoria'a 

i    die' color,   Tecta'ria   calahuala 

•  /     '",    (  'u/afiua/a.       Order, 

o  exhibited  in  Italy  in  dropsy, 
.  contasiol  s,  Ac.     Its  proper- 

lies  are  not,  however,  clear. 
OAL  \!i!'  \1-  V.  see  Calaguala  radix. 
CALAM  \.\!>KI\'A.  Tenerium  ehanuedrya. 
C  M-  lMBAC,  Agalloehnm. 
CALAMB  H  K,  Agallochum, 
CALAM K  DON,  from  r«Aap«* 'areed.'     This 
word  has  had  various  significations.     Some  have 
used  it    for  an   oblique  fracture  of  a  bone;  the 
■    1  portions  having  the  shape  of  the  nib 
of  a  pen.     Others  have  used  it  for  a  Longitudinal 
fracture;  and   others,  again,  for  one  that  is  coin- 
minul 

CALAMENT,  Melissa  ealamintha. 
OALAMI'NA,    Calamine,    from    calamus,    'a 
lied    from   its  reed-like    appearance. 
',  C.  lapido'sa  aSro'ea  sen  foe'silis.  Lapis 
tlatnina'rit,  Calamina'rie,  Car'- 
b"nnx  Zinei  impu'rue,  Cathmir,  (F.)  Pierre  cala- 
minaire.  Native  impure  carbonate  of  sine.    Cala- 
mine is  chiefly  used  for  pharmaceutical  purposes 
in   the   form  of  the   CalAMINA    PB-SPARA'tA  (Ph. 
imina'ris  prapara'tue,  Car'bo- 
ua*  zin'i  impu'rue  prespara'tue,  Zinei  ear1  bona* 
prespara'tue,  Prepared  Calamine: — Calamine  re- 
■"  an  impalpable  powder  by  roasting  ami 
in.       In    this    state    it    is     sprinkled     or 
dusted   on   excoriated  parts,  or  to  prevent  exco- 
riation 

VINA  HIS,  Calamina. 
CALAMINT,  Melissa  Calamintha — c  Field, 
.  nepeta — c.  Mountain,  Melissa  grandiflora 
. .  M<  lissa  ii'peta. 
CALAMINTA    HUMILIOTl,  Glecoma  hede- 
raoea, 

CALAMINTHA,  Melissa  <"'.  —  c.  Anglica,  Me- 
-<-.  Breota  Virginiana,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana—  c   Sederacea,    Glechoma    hederacea —  c 
grandiflora  —  c.  Montana, 
Melis.-a  grandiflora — o. Nepeta,  Melissa  nepeta— 
e.  Parviflora,  Melissa  nepeta  —  o.  Pulegii  odore, 
nepeta — c.  Trichotoma,  Melissa  nepeta. 
CAL'AMUS,  KaXapos,  'the  reed.'    In  the  l'har- 
..  the-  rhizoma  of  aeorus 
ealani 

"i-  \u.\  wi-im'm  s.  Celsus  has  thus 
i  medicine,  which  was  long  confounded 
with  Calamus  Aromatieue.  It  is  not  a  root, 
however,  but  the  Btalk  of  a  plant  of  India  and 
Egypt,  probably  the  Andropo'gon  Nardue.  It 
I  into  the  theriaca,  and  has  been  regarded 
a~  antihysterio  and  enunenagogue  j — Calamus 
turomaticus  rents. 

9,  Acorns  calamus  —  c. 
Aromaticua  veins,  Calamus  Alezandrinus  —  o. 
Draco,  C.  rotang — c  [ndious,  sec  Saccharum — c. 
•ii»,  Aeorus  calamus,  Juncus  odoratus. 
Calamus  RoTAita,  C.  Draco.  Order,  Palmss. 
The  systematic  name  of  a  plant,  whence  Dragon's 
Blood,  Sanguis  Draco' nit,  Cinnab'aris  Qratco  rum. 


Dracontha'mn,  ('FA  Sang-Dragon,  is  procured.  Tt 
is  the  red,  resinous  juice,  obtained,  in  India,  from 
wounding  the  bark  of  the  Calamut  Motamg.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhage.-,  &«.; 

hut  u  now  rarely  emploj  sd. 

Ca]  IMI  s  SCRJFTO'an  B,  Anag' typhi,  'a  writing 
pen/  (1.     /    n    •■    angulaire  </n   quatriin 

tricule.  A  small,  angular  cavity,  situate  at  tho 
superior  extremity  of  the   medulla,  in  the  fourth 

ventricle  of  the  brain,  which  has  been,  bj  Bomej 
supposed  to  resemble  a  pen. 

CALAMUS  Vl  LOARI8,  Aeorus  calamus. 
CALAPPITE.    Rumphius  bas given  this  name 

to  calculous   concretions,  found  in  the  interior  of 

certain  cocoa-nuts.   The  cocoa-tree  itself  tl 

lays   call    Calappa.      These    .-tones    are,    likewise, 

termed  Vegetable  Beeoards.  The  Malays  attri- 
bute potent  virtues  to  them,  and  wear  them  as 
amulets. 

CALASAYA,  Cinchona?  cordifolise  cortex. 

CALBALA,  Cabal. 

CALBIA'NUM.  The  name  of  a  plaster  in 
Myrepsus,  the  composition  of  which  we  know 
not. 

CALCADINUM,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCAIRE,  Calcareous. 

CALCA'NEAL,  Calca'neut,  from  calx,  'the 
heel.'  Having  relation  to  the  calcaneum,  as 
'  calcaneal  arteries.' 

calcanMo-phalangien  du  petit 

ORTEIL,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis  —  c 
Phalanginien  commun, Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis  —  c.  Soue-phalangettien  commun,  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  c.  Soue-Phulanginien 
commun.  Flexor  brevis  digitomm  pedis — c.  Soue- 
phalangien  du  petit  orteil,  Bee  Abductor  minimi 
digiti  pedis  —  c.  Sue-phalangettien  commun,  Ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

CALCA'NEUM,  from  calx,  'the  heel'  Galea'. 
in  a*.  Culcar,  Cal'cia,  Ichnue,  0*  Calcis,  Ptema, 
Pter'nium.  The  largest  of  the  tarsal  bones  :  that 
which  forms  the  heel.  It  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  foot;  is  articulated 
above  and  a  little  anteriorly  with  the  astragalus; 
anteriorly,  also,  with  the  os  euboides.  Its  poste- 
rior surface —  called  Heel,  Talus,  Calx,(9.)  Ta- 
lon—  gives  attachment  to  the  tendo-aehUlis :  the 
lower  has.  posteriorly,  two  tuberosities,  to  which 
the  superficial  muscles  of  tin'  solo  of  the  foot  are 
attached.  The  small  Apoph'y  sis  or  lateral  Apoph- 
ysis of  the  Galea' neum,  \V.\  Petit  Apop)  i 
Apophyse  latirale  du  Caleanium,  is  a  projection 
at  the  upper  surface  of  this  hone,  on  which  is 
formed  the  posterior  portion  of  the  cavity  that 
reoeives  the  astragalus.     The  great  Apoph'ysie, 

anterior   Apoph'ysis    of    the     Culea' neum,    is    the 

projection  which  corresponds,  on  one  side,  with 
the  euboides;  and  on  the  other  forms  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  facette  which  receives  the  astra- 
galus. 

I  ALCAR,  Calcaneum,  J-Jnjot — e.  Avis,  Hippo- 
campus minor. 

CALCA'UEOFS,   Calva'naix,    ('aha' this,   from 

ea/.r,  '  lime.'  (P.)  Calcaire.  Containing  lime s — 
as  calcareous  concretions,  C.  depositions,  &,c. 

<•  UjCAREUS  CARB0NA8,  Creta. 

CALCARIA  CHLORATA,  Calcis  ehloridum— 

0.  Chlorica,  Calcis  (diloridum  —  e.  PhoSphorioa, 
BOS  I  "rnu  eervi — c.  1'ura,  Calx  —  e.  Pura  lhpiida, 
LiqUOT  cabis. 

c  \I.'   \KI.K  CHLORUM,  Calcis  ehloridum. 

c  iU  ATAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCATREPPOLA,  Centaurea  ealcitrapa, 

CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON,  CALCENO  M  \, 
CALCINO'NIA.  Words  employed  by  Paracel- 
lesignate  the  concretions  of  tartrate  of  lime 
which  form  in  the  human  body. 

CALCENOS,  Calcetus. 


CALCEOLARIA 


ilceoli 


154 


CALCULI 


a   small 


CALCEOLA'RIA,    from 
slipper  ;'   SHpperioort. 

Calceola'ria  Primata  is  used  in  Peru  as  a 
laxative. 

Calceola'ria  Trif'ida  is  esteemed  to  be  febri- 
fuge. 

CALCE'TUS,  Calceno'niwt,  Calce'nos.  That 
which  abounds  in  tartrate  of  lime.  An  adjective 
used  bj  Paracelsus  in  speaking  of  the  blood; 
Sanguis  calce'tus.  Hence  caoie  the  expression, 
Cal'cined  blood,  San (j  calcine. 

CALCEUM  EQUINUM,  Tussilago. 

CALCHOIDEA  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CALCIA,  Caleaneurn. 

CALCIFEROUS  CANALS,  Canaliculi  calci- 
feri. 

CALCIFICATION,  see  Cretefaction. 

CALCIGEROUS  CELL,  see  Tooth. 

CALCIG'RADUS,  Pternob'ates,  from  calx, 
( the  heel,'  and  gradus,  'a  step.'  One  who  walks 
on  his  heels. 

CALCII  CHLORLDUM,  Calcis  murias  —  c. 
Chloruretum,  Calcis  murias — c.  Oxychloruretum, 
Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Oxydum,  Calx  viva  —  c. 
Protochloruretum,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Sulphu- 
retum,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

CALCINA'TION,  Calcina'tio,  Calci'non.  Con- 
erema'tio,  from  calx,  'lime.'  The  act  of  submit- 
ting to  a  strong  heat  any  infusible  mineral  sub- 
stance, which  we  are  desirous  of  depriving  either 
of  its  water,  or  of  any  other  volatilizable  sub- 
stance that  enters  into  its  composition  ;  or  which 
we  wish  to  combine  with  oxygen.  Alum  is  cal- 
cined to  get  rid  of  its  water  of  crystallization  ; — 
chalk,  to  reduce  it  to  the  state  of  pure  lime,  by 
driving  off  the  carbonic  acid;  and  certain  metals 
are  subjected  to  this  operation  to  oxidize  them. 

CALCINATUM  MAJUS  POTERII,  Hydrar- 
gyrum ptaecipitatum. 

CALCENONIA,  Calcena. 

CALCIS  BICHLORURETUM,  Calcis  chlori- 
dum'—  c.  Carbonas,  Creta  —  c.  Carbonas  durus, 
Creta,  Marmor — c.  Carbonas  friabilis,  Creta. 

Calcis  Car'bonas  Pr^ecipita'tus,  Preeip'- 
itatcd  Car'bonate  of  Lime,  Precipitated  Chalk. 
This  preparation,  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  Liq.  Calcii  Chlorid.  Ovss;  Sodce 
Carbonaf.fbvy}  Aquce  destillat.  q.  s.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  of  soda  in  six  parts  of  distilled  water; 
heat  this  and  the  solution  of  chloride  of  calcium, 
separately,  to  the  boiling  point,  and  mix.  Wash 
the  precipitate  repeatedly  with  distilled  water, 
and  dry  on  bibulous  paper.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  creta  praeparata,  and  is  preferred  to  it 
in  certain  cases, — for  example,  as  an  ingredient  in 
tooth  powders,  owing  to  its  freedom  from  gritty 
particles. 

Calcis  Chlo'ridum,  Chlo'ride  or  Chlo'ruret  or 
Hypocltlo'rite  or  Chlorite  or  Oxymu'riateof  Lime, 
Calx  chlorina'ta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Oxymuriat'ica, 
Protoxichlor'  uret  of  Calcium,  Calca'ria  chlora'ta 
seu  Chlorica,  Chlorum  seu  Chloretum  Calca'rice, 
Oxychlorure'tum  seu  Protochlorure'tum  Calcii, 
Chlorure'tum  Oxidi  Calcii,  Bichlorure'tum  seu 
O.rymu'rias  Calcis,  Calcis  Hypochlo' ris,  Bleach- 
ing or  Tennant.'s  Powder,  (F.)  Protoxichlorure 
de  Calcium,  Chlorure  d' Oxide  de  Calcium, 
Gklorure  ou  Oxichlorure  ou  Bichlorure  ou  Oxi- 
muriate  ou  Muriate  suroxigene  ou  oxigene  de 
Chaux,  Poudre  de  Blanchement,  P.  de  Tennant. 
A  compound  resulting  from  the  action  of  chlorine 
on  hydrate  of  lime.  Chloride  of  lime  is  a  most 
valuable  disinfecting  agent,  (see  Disinfection,) 
when  dissolved  in  the  proportion  of  one  pound  to 
six  gallons  of  water.  It  has  likewise  been  em- 
ployed both  internally  and  externally  in  various 
diseases,  as  in  scrofula,  foetor  oris,  foul  ulcers, 


Calcis  Hepar,  Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Hy- 
dras, see  Calx — c.  Hypochloris,  Calcis  chloridum. 
Calcis  Mu'rias,  M uriate  of  Lime,  Calx  sali'ta, 

Calcii  Chlorure'tum  seu  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of 
calcium,  (F.)  Chlorure  de  calcium,  Muriate  ou 
Hydrochlorate  de  Chaux.  This  salt  has  been 
given,  in  solution,  as  a  tonic,  stimulant,  &c,  in 
scrofulous  tumours,  glandular  obstructions,  irene- 
ral  debility,  &c.  A  Solu'tio  Muria'tis  Caleb, 
Liquor  Calcis  Muria'tis,  Solution  of  Muriate  of 
Lime,  Liquid  Shell,  may  be  formed  of  Muriate 
of  Lime,  fij  ;  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  f^iij. 
The  Liquor  Cal'cii  Chlo'ripi  or  Solution  of  Chlo- 
ride of  Calcium,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  prepared  as  follows:  —  Marble, 
in  fragments,  t^ix,  Muriatic  acid,  Oj  ;  Distilled 
water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  acid  with 
a  half  pint  of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the 
marble.  Towards  the  close  of  the  effervescence 
apply  a  gentle  heat,  and,  when  the  action  has 
ceased,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor  and  evaporate  to 
dryness.  Dissolve  the  residuum  in  its  weight  and 
a  half  of  distilled  water,  and  filter.  Dose,  from 
gtt.  xxx  to  f  5Jjj  in  a  cupful  of  water. 

Calcis  Oxymurias,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c. 
Phosphas,  see  Cornu  cervi  —  c.  Phosphas  praeei- 
pitatum,  see  Cornu  ustuin. 

Calcis  Sulprure'tum,  Cal'cii  sidphurr'tum, 
Hepar  Calcis,  Sul'phuret  of  Lime,  S.  of  Cal'cium, 
Hudrosulphate  of  Lime,  (F.)  Proto-hydrosulfate 
de  Calcium,  Hydrosulfate  de  chaux.  Principally 
used  in  solution,  as  a  bath,  in  itch  and  other 
cutaneous  affections. 

CALCITEA,  Ferri  sulphas, 

CALCITEOSA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

CALCITHOS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa,  Del- 
phinium consolida — c.  Hippophaestum,  Centau- 
rea calcitrapa — c.  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CALCIUM,  CHLORIDE  OF,  Calcis  murias— 
c.  Chlorure  de,  Calcis  murias — c.  Chlorure  d'oxide 
de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Protohydrosulfate  de, 
Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Protoxichlorure  de,  Cal- 
cis chloridum  —  c.  Protoxiehloruret  of,  Calcis 
chloridum  —  c.  Protoxide  of,  Calx  —  c.  Sulphuret 
of,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS  MINIMI  DI- 
GITI,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.  Subpha- 
lan^eus  pollicis,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis. 

CALCOCOS,  Bell-metal. 

CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula,)  Cuneiform  bones. 

CALCOTAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCUL,  Calculus. 

CALCULEUX,  Calculous. 

CALCULI,  see  Calculus  —  c.  Articular,  see 
Calculi,  arthritic  ;  and  Concretions,  articular. 

Calculi,  Alternating,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Calculi,  Arthrit'ic,  Tophi,  Tuber' cula  ar- 
thrit'ica,  Calculi  arthrit'ici  seu  podag'rici, 
Chalk-stones,  Gout-stones,  Nodes,  (F.)  Pierres 
crayeuses,  Calculs  arthritiques,  Xoeiuh.  Concre- 
tions, which  form  in  the  ligaments,  and  within 
the  capsules  of  the  joints,  in  persons  affected  with 
gout.  They  are  composed  of  uric  acid,  soda,  and 
a  little  animal  matter;  very  rarely,  urate  of  lime 
and  chloride  of  sodium  are  met  with.  Similar 
calculi  are  found  in  other  parts  beside  the  joints. 

Cal'culi,  Bil'iary,  Cal'culi  bilio'si  seu  fell' ei 
seu  bilia'rii,  Bil'iary  Concre'tions,  (Jail-stones, 
Cholol'ithus,  Cholel'ithns,  (F.)  Calculs  biliaires, 
Pierres  an  fid,  Angichololithe, —  Piorry.  Some 
of  these  contain  all  the  materials  of  the  bile,  and 
seem  to  be  nothing  more  than  that  secretion 
thickened.  Several  contain  Pieromel ;  and  the 
gseater  part  are  composed  of  from  8S  to  94  parts 
of  Gholesterin,  and  of  from  6  to  12  of  the  yellow 
matter  of  the  bile.  Biliary  calculi  are  most  fre- 
quently found  in  the  gall-bladder :  at  other  times, 


CALCULI 


1  5  6 


CALCULI 


in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  in  the  brat 

ts,  t>r  in  the  Ductus  Communis 
Choledoehus.     The    first   are   called    Cgstiej    the 
■.  sometimes,  Hepa- 
The  causes  which  pre  rise  to  them  are 
very  obscure.     Often  they  occasion    do    nnoasi- 
:  timea  the  symptoms  may  i>e 

eonfoanded  with  t )i •  •  ~.^  of  hepatitis.     At  times, 
they  art-  rejected  by  the  month,  or  by  the  bowels, 
along  with  a  eonsi  lerahle  quantity  of  bile,  which 
had  accumulated    behind  them  :    at  other  times 
tlu-y  occasion  violent   abdominal    inflammation, 
»ses,  ami  biliary  fistulse,  rnptnre  of  the  gall- 
bladder, and  fatal  effusion  into  the  peritoneum. 
The  passage  of  a  gall-atone  is  extremely  painful  : 
yet  the  pulse  i-  not  at  Brat  affected.     Antiphlo- 
.  when  there  is  inflammatory  action,  and 
strong   doses   of  opinm,  to  allay  the    pain  and 
ipasm,  with  the  warm  hath,  are   the   chief  reme- 
Solvents   are    not    to   be  depended  upon. 
They  cannot  reach  the  calculi. 

•it.  Box«    BARTH,  see   Calculi,  urinary — 
Calculi,  urinary — e.  Cystic,  see 
Calculi,  urinary. 

C  u.Vri.i  of  Tin:  Bars,  (P.)  Caleuls  de  POreiUe. 

Hard,  light,  and  inflammable  concretions,  which 

occur  in  the  meatus  auditorius  externue,  and  are 

.rumen.     They  are  a  frequent 

They  can  be  easily  seen,  and 


are  usually  formed  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  ani- 
mal matter. 

Cal'culi,  Sal'iyart,  Cal'culi  ealiva'b  .  5  - 
lol'ithi,    (F.)    Caleuls    talivaires.      Conen 

usually  formed  of  phosphate  of  lime  and  animal 
matter,  which  are  developed  in  the  substai 
the  salivary  glands  or  in  their  excretory  dootA. 
In  the  first  ease,  they  may  he  mistaken  for  a 
simple  swelling  of  the  gland  ;  in  the  second,  th-  y 
letected  by  the  touch.  They 
may  he  extracted  by  incision  in  the  interior  of 
the  mouth.  The  calculus  developed  in  the  sui>- 
lingual  ducts  has  been  called  Cal'eulus  subliu- 
gua'lis  and  Ran'nla  f<tjji'/<  '<r. 

Cal'culi,  Spbrmat'ic,  1".  I  Calcuh  sperma- 
tiquee.  These  have  been  sometimes  found  in  the 
vesiculss  seminales  after  death.     They  cannot  le 

1  during  life.    No  analysis  has  been 
of  them. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Stomach  and  Ibtbb'tthes, 
Enterol'ithns,  E.  Cal' cuius,  Copr&l'ithus,  Concre- 
tio'nes  alvi'nee,  (F. )  Cdleuls  da  Veetomac,  C.  in- 
teatinaux  on  stercoraux,  Pierrea  stercoral 
cr4tions  inteatinale*.  Calculi  of  the  stomach  are 
rare,  and  have  almost  always  been  carried  thither 
by  the  antiperistaltic  action  of  the  intestines.  The 
symptoms  occasioned  by  them  are  those  of  chronic 
gastritis.  It  has  been  imagined  that  t!  • 
tinned  use  of  absorbent  powders,  as  magnesia, 


may   be   extracted   by   appropriate   forceps,   after      will  give  occasion  to  them. 


I  been  detached  by  injections  of  soap   and 

Calculi  Fbllel  Calculi,  biliary  —  c.  Fusible, 
iculi.  urinary. 

.    Lach'rymal,    (F.)    Caleuls    lacry- 


Intestinal  concretions,  (F.)  Calcuh  intestinaux, 
are  not  uncommon  in  animals  (see  Bbzoard  :) 
but  they  are  rare  in  man.  The  causes  which 
(five  rise  to  them  are  little  known  :  sometimes  n 
biliary  calculus    affords  them  a  nucleus.     Their 


Concretions   sometimes,  but   rarely,  form      composition   varies.      They  are   light,  hard. 


in   the   lachrymal    passages,  where  they  occasion 
1   fistula,   which   do   not   Ileal  until 
they  are  extra  :t<  i.     No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 
Calculi,  Lime,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 
Cal'culi   or  thb    Mamm.k.  (F.J    Calcuh  des 
MameUes.     Halter  gives  a  case  of  a  concretion. 
of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  which  had  the  shape 
of  one    of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  having  been  extracted   from    an    i 
I  in  that  organ. 
t  u.  MULBBRRY,  sec  Calculi,  urinary. 
i-i.i  of  tiik  Pan'crbas,  (F.)  CaleuU  a*u 
are    but    little  known.      Ana- 
u    indued    a  belief  that   they  resemble 
vary.     Some  bai  .  that  certain 

traii-parent     calculi,    rejected     by    Vomiting,    or 
suation8,  have   proceeded   from 
the  pancreas,  hut  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  for 
this  belief. 


fetid,  and  not  inflammable.  They  are  ! 
ordinarily,  between  the  valvules  of  the  small  in- 
testines, or  in  the  cells  of  the  large,  and  some- 
times in  old  hernia?.  Whilst  they  do  not  ob- 
struct the  passage  Of  the  alimentary  mass,  they 
produce  no  unpleasant  symptoms.  At  tin. 
movable  tumour  which  they  form  may  be  felt 
through  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen.  They  are 
generally  evacuated  />'-/•  anvm. 

CAL'CULI  or  TBB  Tonsils.  Calculous  concre- 
tions, which  sometimes  form  in  the  tonsils.  (F  ) 
Calcuh  <!<«  Amygdales.  They  are  easily 
nised  by  the  Bight  and  touch  :  sometimes  they 
are  discharged  by  spitting,  either  alone  or  with 
the  pus  of  an  abscess  occasioned  by  their  pre- 
j  sence.     They  have  not  been  analyzed. 

Calculi,   Triple,   see    Calculi,    urinary— c. 

Trie,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,    D'rwarv,    Urol'ithi,   (F.)    Calcuh 
urinaires,  Pierre*  urinaires.     Concretions  which 


Cal'(  i  it  opthb  Pirb'ai  Glawd,    F.)  Caleuls     forin  fro,n   *•  erystallisable  substance.-  in  the 


Gla-ndt    Pin4ale.     These    have    been    fre- 
quently  met  with.   No  Bymptom  announces  their 
iring    life.     They   are    composed    of 
phosphate  of  lime. 

CALCULI  PoDAGRICI,  Calculi,  arthritic. 
Cal'culi  opthb  Prostate,  Prostatic  cal'culi. 
are   not   very  rare.      They    have   generally 

opposition  as  the  preceding, 
usually  present  the  symptoms  common  t  i 

:  times  those 
of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 

'eula    pulmo- 

■•■  vry  frequently 

h  in  the  dead  body,  without 

have  produced  unpleasant  symptoms  during  life. 

At  other  times,  they  an-  accompanied  with  all 

thisis,  Lithn-phthisis,  Phthisis 

taleuleuse,  of  Bayle.     See  Litbiasis  pulmonum. 

At   tim<  i    expectorated    without    the 

supervention  of  any  nnpleasant  symptom.    They  ||  by  Dr.  Paris 


urine,  and  which  are  met  with  not  only  in  ttio 
whole  course  of  the  urinary  passages,  but  in  fis- 
tulous openings  wherever  the  urine  Btagnates 
naturally  or  accidentally.  Their  OAUSes  are  but 
little  known.  They  are  more  common  at  the  two 
extremities  of  life  than  at  the  middle,  and  more 
so  in  some  countries  and  districts  than  in  others. 
At  times,  a  clot  of  blood,  a  portion  of  mucus, 
Ac, form  the  nucleus.  The  symptoms  and  treat- 
ment vary  Recording  to  the  seat  of  the  calculus. 
There  is  no  such  thing  probably  as  a  medical 
solvent.      See  Frinary  Calculi. 

Chymista     have     demonstrated     the     exist- 

ral    components    of    urinary    calculi, 

\  Is.,    Lithie    Acid,    Phosphate   of   Lime, 
niaoo-Magnesian    Phosp)  ■    of    Lime, 

Cystic  Oxide,  and  Xanthic  Oxide,  with  sn 
animal  cementing  ingredient     The  rarietiei  of 

Calculi,  produced  by  the  combination  or  inter- 
mix Mire  of  these  Ingredients,  are  thus  represented 


CALCULIFRAGUS 


156 


CALCULS  Bill  AIRES 


A   TABULAR   VIEW    OP    DIFFERENT    SPECIES    OF    URINARY    CALCULI. 


SPECIES  OF  CAL- 
CULI. 

EXTERNAL  CHARACTERS. 

CHYMICAL  COMPOSITION. 

HKMAl'.lCS. 

1.  lithic  or 

URIC. 

Form,  a  flattened  oval.    S.  G. 
generally  exceeds  1.500.    Colour, 
brownish  or  fawn-like.    Surface, 
smooth.     Texture,  laminated. 

It  consists  principally  of  Lithic 
Acid.    When  treated  with  nitric 
acid,  a  beautiful  pink  substance 
results.    Tins  calculus  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  abundantly  so 
in  the  pure  alkalies. 

It    is    the    prevailing 
species  ;  but  the  surface 
sometimes  occurs    fine 
ly  tuberculated.     It  fre- 
quently constitutes  the 
nuclei  of  the  other  spe- 
cies. 

2.    MULBERRY. 

(F.)  Calculs 
muruux. 

Colour,  dark  brown.     Texture, 
harder  than   that  of  the  other 
species.  S.  G  from  1.428  to  1.976. 
Surface,  studded  with  tubercles. 

- 

It  is  oxalate  of  lime,  and  is  de- 
composed in  the  flame  of  a  spirit 
lamp  swelling  out  into  a  white 
efflorescence,    which     is    quick- 
lime. 

This  species  includes 
some  varieties,  which 
are  remarkably  smooth 
and  pale-cob. ured,  re- 
sembling hempserd. 

3.  BONE  EARTH 

Colour,   pale   brown   or  gray ; 
surface,   smooth    and    polished  ; 
structure,  regularly   laminated  ; 
the    lamina;    easily    separating 
into  concrete  crusts. 

Principally  phosphate  of  lime. 
It  is  soluble  in  muriatic  acid. 

4.  TRIPLE. 

Colour,   generally    brilliant 
white.    Surface,  uneven,  studded 
with  shining  crystals,  less  com- 
pact than  the  preceding  species. 
Between  its  lamina;  small  cells 
occur,  filled  with  sparkling  par- 
ticles. 

It  is  an  ummoniaco-magnesiati 

phosphate,  generally  mixed  with 
phosphate  of  lime.     Pure  alka- 
lies decompose  it,  extracting  its 
ammonia. 

This  species  attains  a 
larger  size  than  any  of 
the  others. 

5.  FDSIBLE. 

Colour,  grayish  white. 

A  compound  of  the  two  fore- 
going spocips. 

It  is  very  fusible, 
melting  into  a  vitreous 
globule 

6.  CYSTIC. 

Very  like  the  triple  calculus, 
but  it  is  unstratified  and  more 
compact  and  homogenous. 

It  consists  of  cystic  oxide.    Un- 
der the  blowpipe  it  yields  a  pe- 
euliarly  fetid  odour.     It  is  solu- 
ble  in    acids,    and    in    alkalies, 
even  if  they  are  fully  saturated 
with  carbonic  acid. 

It  is  a  rare  species. 

7.  ALTERNA- 
TING. 

Its   section   exhibits  different 
concentric  lamina;. 

Compounded    of  several    spp- 
cies.  alternating  with  each  ether. 

8.  COMPOUND. 

No  characteristic  form. 

The  ingredients  are  separable 
only  by  chymical  analysis. 

1.  Renal  Calculi,  (F.)  Calculs  renaux.  These 
have  almost  always  a  very  irregular  shape : 
at  times,  there  is  no  indication  of  their  pre- 
sence :  at  others,  they  occasion  attacks  of  pain 
in  the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with 
bloody  or  turbid  urine.  Often,  they  cause  in- 
flammation of  the  kidneys,  with  all  its  unplea- 
sant results.  They  are  generally  formed  of  uric 
acid,  animal  matter,  and  oxalate  of  lime,  with, 
sometimes,  phosphates.  The  treatment  will  have 
to  vary,  according  to  the  absence  or  presence  of 
inflammatory  signs,  —  relieving  the  irritation  by 
opiates.  A  surgical  operation  can  rarely  be  ap- 
plicable. 

2.  Calculi  of  the  Ureters,  (F.)  Calculs  des 
Uriteres.  These  come  from  the  kidneys,  and  do 
not  produce  unpleasant  effects,  unless  tbey  are 
so  large  as  to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  urine, 
and  to  occasion  distension  of  the  whole  of  the 
ureters  above  them  ;  or  unless  their  surface  is  so 
rough  as  to  irritate  the  mucous  membrane,  and 
occasion  pain,  hemorrhage,  abscesses,  &c.  The 
pain,  during  the  passage,  is  very  violent,  extend- 
ing, at  times,  to  the  testicle  of  the  same  side 
in  the  male  :  and  occasioning  a  numbness  of  the 
thigh  in  both  sexes.  The  treatment  consists  in 
general  or  local  blood-letting,  warm  bath,  and 
opiates. 

3.  Calculi,  Vesical  ;  Stone  in  the  Bladder, 
Lith'ia  Yesica'lis,  Lithi'asis  cys'fica  seu  vesica' lis, 
C'/sto-lithi'asis,  Dysu'ria  calculo'sa  seu  irrita'ta. 
Oil' cuius  vesi'ece,  (F.)  Calculs  visfcaux.  These 
are  the  most  common.  Sometimes,  they  proceed 
from  the  kidneys:  most  commonly,  they  are 
formed  in  the  bladder  itself.  Sense  of  weight  in 
the  perinamm,  and  sometimes  of  a,  body  rolling 
when  the  patient  changes  his  position;  pain  or 
itching  at  the  extremity  of  the  glans  in  men  ; 
frequent  desire  to  pass  the  urine ;  sudden  stop- 
page to  its  flow ;  and  bloody  urine — are  the  chief 


signs  which  induce  a  suspicion  of  their  existence. 
We  cannot,  however,  be  certain  of  this  without 
sounding  the  patient.  Sometimes,  when  of  a 
small  size,  they  are  expelled  :  most  commonly, 
they  remain  in  the  bladder,  the  disorganization 
of  which  they  occasion,  unless  removed  by  a  sur- 
gical operation. 

4.  Calculi,  Ure'thral.  These  almost  always  pro- 
ceed from  the  bladder.  The  obstruction,  which 
they  cause  to  the  passage  of  the  urine,  the  hard 
tumour,  and  the  noise  occasioned  when  struck 
by  a  sound,  indicate  their  presence.  They  are 
removed  by  incision. 

5.  Calculi  of  Fis'tulous  passages.  These  arise 
when  there  is  some  fistulous  opening  into  the 
urethra.  They  can  be  readily  recognised,  and 
may  generally  be  extracted  with  facility.  (F.) 
Calculs  places  hors  des  voies  urinaires.  See  Uri- 
nary Calculi. 

Cal'culi  OF  the  U'terus,  (F.)  Calculs  de 
V  Uterus.  These  are  very  rare.  The  signs,  which 
indicate  them  during  life,  are  those  of  chronic 
engorgement  of  the  uterus.  Their  existence,  con- 
sequents, cannot  be  proved  till  after  death. 

CALCULIFRAGUS.  Lithontriptic. 

CAL'CULOUS,  (F.)  Calculeux,  Grarelenx. 
That  which  relates  to  calculi,  especially  to  those 
of  the  bladder. 

Calculous  Oxyd,  Oxyd,  cystic. 

CALCULS  (F.).  pi.  of  Calcul,  a  calculus. 

CALCULS  BILI AIRES,  Calculi,  biliary  — 
c.  de  VEstomaCy  Calculi  of  the  stomach — c.  de  la 
Glande  Pineale,  Calculi  of  the  pineal  gland  —  c. 
Intestinaux,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and  intestines 
—  c  Lacrymaux,  Calculi,  lachrj'mal  —  c.  des  Ma- 
melles.  Calculi  of  the  mammae  —  c.  Muraux,  see 
Calculi,  urinary  —  c.  de  V Oreille,  Calculi  in  the 
ears — c.  du  Pancreas,  Calculi  of  the  Pancreas — • 
c.  Places  hors  des  voies  urinaires.  Calculi  of  fis- 
tulous passages — c.  Pulmonaires,  Calculi,  pulnio- 


CALCULUS 


157 


CALLIBLEPHARUM 


nnry  —  e.  Rinaux,  C:il«-uli.  renal —  e.  Salioairea, 
Calculi,  salivary — c.  Spermatiquea,  Caloali,  sper- 
matic— c.  1SV1  -  >e  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines — <•.  Urinairea,  Calculi,  urinary — c. 
des  UrStirea,  Calculi  of  the  ureters  —  c.  <l,  PUti- 
rue,  Calculi  of  the  uterus  —  c.  Visieauu;  Calculi. 
vesical. 

CAL'CULUS,    Lapis,    Litho8.     A    diminutive 

of   cake,    a    lime-stone.      (F.)     Caleul,    Pierre. 

Calculi  arc  concretions,  which  may  form  in  every 

the  animal  body,  but  are  most  frequently 

found  in  ;';.  •  organs  that  act  as  reservoirs,  and  in 

the  excretory  canals.     They  are  met  with  in  the 

tonsils  joints,  biliary  ducts,  digestive  passages, 

reas,  pineal  gland, 

J i vary,  spermatic  and  urinary 

.    -.  ami  in   the  uterus.     The  causes  which 

give  rise  to  them  are  obscure. 

Those  that  occur  in  reservoirs  or  ducts  are 
Supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  deposition  of  the 
substances,  which  compose  them,  from  the  fluid 
as  it  pas>es  along  the  duct;  and  those  which 
occur  in  the  sub  stance  of  an  organ  are  regarded 
as  the  product  of  some  chronic  irritation.  Their 
general  effect  is  to  irritate,  as  extraneous  bodies, 
the  parts  with  which  they  are  in  contact;  and  to 
produce  retention  of  the  fluid,  whence  they  have 
been  formed.  The  symptoms  differ,  according  to 
the  sensibility  of  the  organ  and  the  importance 
of  the  particular  secretion  whose  discharge  they 
impede.  Their  solution  is  generally  impracti- 
cable: spontaneous  expulsion  or  extraction  is  the 
only  way  of  getting  rid  of  them. 

Calculus  Bezoar,  Bezoard  —  c.  Dentalis, 
Odontoliths— 0.  Encysted,  Caleul  chatonne  —  e. 
Sublingualis,  see  Calculi,  salivary  —  c.  Vesica?, 
Calculus,  vesical. 

CALDAS.  WATERS  OF.  Caldas  is  a  small 
town,  ten  leagues  from  Lisbon,  where  are  mineral 
springs,  containing  carbonic  and  hydrosulphuric 
acid  gases,  carbonates  and  muriates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  sulphuret 
of  iron,  silica,  and  alumina-  They  are  much 
atonic  gout  They  are  thermal.  Tem- 
perature  93°  Fahrenheit. 

CALDE'RUB  ITALTC.E.  Warm  baths  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Ferrara,  in  Italy,  much 
employed  in  dysuria. 

CALEBASSES,  Cucurbita  lagenaria. 
CALEDO'NIA  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Penn- 
sylvania, fifteen  miles  from  Chambersburg.     The 
waters  are  pure;   temperature  52°  Fahr. 

Caledonia  Springs,  see  Canada,  mineral 
Waters  of. 

CALEFA'CIEXTS,  Calefacien'tia,  Therman'- 
ft'ea,  from  cal idua,  'warm,'  and  faeio,  'I  make.' 
(F.)  Kchauffant*.  Substances  which  excite  a  de- 
gree of  warmth  in  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied,  a-  mustard,  pepper,  Ac.  They  belong 
to  the  elass  of  stimulants. 

CALEFACTIO,  tehauffement. 
C  A  L 1 :  X  DULA  ALPINA,  Arnica  mon  tan  a. 
Calen'dila  Akvkn'sis,   Caltha  Aroen'aia  seu 
officinalis,     Wild     Mar1  i gold,    (F.)     Souei    des 
Champa.  .    I  Tin--    is,    some- 

times, preferred  to  the  next,  [ts  juiee  baa  been 
given,  in  the  .lose  of  from  f^j  to'f^iv,  in  jaun- 
dice and  racl 

Calen'dula  Officixa'lis,  0.  Sati'va,  Ohry. 
san't/n  muni,  Sponaa  aolie,  Caltha  vulga'riaj  1  ■ 
ruca'ria,  Single  or  Garden  Marigold,  (Prov.) 
Oolding,  (F.)  Souei,  8.  ordinaire,  Fleur  de  tout 
Family,  Synantberese,  Syngenesis  ne- 
i,  Linn.  So  called  from  flowering  every 
ealend.  The  flowers  and  have.-  have  been  exhi- 
bited a~  aperients,  diaphoretics.  Ac,  and  have 
been  highly  extolled  in  cancer. 


CALENDULJB  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatum. 

CALEXTU'RA,  Cal'enture,  from  calere,  'to  be 
warm.'    The  word,  in  Spanish,  signifies  fever.    A 

species  of  furious  delirium  to  which  sailors  are 
subject  in  the  torrid  zone  :— a  kind  of  phrenitis, 
the  attack  of  which  comes  on  suddenly  alter  a 
broiling  day,  and  seems  to  be  characterized  by  a 
desire  in  the  patient  to  throw  himself  into  the 
It  is  only  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

CALENTUBA  CONTIHUA,  Synoeha. 

CALENTU'RAS  :  /Wo  de  Cal,  ntu'raa.  Poract 
and  Lemery  say.  that  these  words  are  .sometimes 
applied  to  cinchona.  Camelli  says,  th<  v  mean, 
also,  a  tree  of  the  Philippine  Isles,  the  wood  of 
which  is  bitter  and  febrifuge. 

CALF  KNEE,  Entogonyancon — c.  of  the  Leg, 
Sura.  ° 

CALTCE,  Calix. 

CAUCUS  HEX  ALES,  see  Calix. 

CALICO  BUSH,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

CALIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

CALIDUM  ANIMALE,  Animal  heat  —  c.  In- 
natum,  Animal  heat. 

CALIFORNIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  mineral  Bprings  exist  in  California,  near 
40°  N.  Lat.  and  404°  longitude  west  of  Wash- 
ington, directly  upon  the  California  trail,  leading 
from  the  sink  of  Humboldt  river  to  Pyramid 
lake.  Their  temperature  varies  from  cold  to 
almost  boiling.  They  ebb  and  flow  at  irregular 
intervals;  have  not  been  analyzed:  but  some 
have  the  taste  of  a  strong  solution  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia.  They  have  had  the  singular  el 
inducing  blennorrhceal  symptoms,  both  in  man 
and  animals. 

CALIGATIO,  Dazzling. 

CALI'GO.  'A  mist.'  Achlys,  (F.)  Eromllard. 
An  obscurity  of  vision,  dependent  upon  a  speck 
on  the  cornea:  also,  the  speck  itself ;  Calfgo  >■„,■'- 
nea>  seu  &  Nephel'io  seu  <?  Leuco'mate,  Mae'ula 
cornea  seu  aemipellu'cida,  Phtharma  caligo,  11. . 
betu'do  viaua,  Neb'ula,  Opake  cornea,  R 
Web,   Pin-and-Web,  (F.)  Nonage  <■■  ' 

Taie  ou  Taije,  Obseureisxement  de  la    me,  Akira- 
todiaphanie, — Piorry. 

CALIGO  Lkntis,  Cataract  —  c.  Pupilla?,  Syne- 
zisis  — c.  Synizesis,  Synezisis  —  c.  Tenebrarum. 
Hemeralopia. 

CALIIIACILA  CAXELLA.  Laurus  cassia. 

CALISAYA  BARK,  Cinchona)  cordifuliae  cor- 
tex. 

CALISTIIEX'I CS,  Calliethi  n'ice,  Caliatheni'a, 
Calliatheni'a,  (F.)  Calliathinie,  from  koXos,  'beau- 
tiful, and  odevos,  'strength.'  The  art  of  promoting, 
by  appropriate  exercises,  strength  of  body,  and 
grace  of  movements. 

CALIX,  Calyx,  Infnndib' ulum,  from  itaAuf,  'a 
cup,'  \i  flower  cup.'  (F.)  Oaliee,  Entonnoir. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  small  eun- 
like  membranous  canals,  which  BUrround  the 
papilla;  of  the  kidney,  and  open  into  its  pelvis, 
whither  they  convey  the  urine  :—( ;,r ;,-.  ,  ,-,  na'le*\ 
Cylind'ri  membrana'cei  I',  mm,,  FiWtula  ure'fe7 
mm  renwn,  Ganalee  membra'nei  Renum,  Tn'buli 
pelvie  renum.  Their  number  varies  from  6"  to  12 
in  each  kidney. 

CAJ  i\  VoMITORIA,  Goblet,  emetic. 

C M.I. A  PALUS'TRIS,  Water  Arum  .-  Indige- 
nous, <),<!.  AraeeSB  :  has  similar  virtues  to  those 
of  the  Arums. 

Cut. a  VlROIHIOA,  Peltandra  Virginica. 

CALLEUX,  Callous. 

CALLIBLEPH' ARUM, from  *aA>0f,  'beauty,' 
and  0\t<papoV,  '  eyelid.'  A  remedy  for  beautify- 
ing the  eyelids. 


CALLICANTHUS 


158 


CALUMBA 


CALLICANTHUS,  Calycanthus. 

CALLICAR'PA  AMERICA'NA,  French  Mul- 
berry; indigenous.  Order,  Verbenaeeae.  Used 
as  a  eutrophie  in  cutaneous  diseases.  Said  to  be 
useful  in  dropsy. 

CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

CALLICREAS.  Pancreas. 

CALLIOMARCHUS,  Tussilngo. 

CALLlPiE'DIA,  from  KaWog,  'beauty,'  and 
-rrais,  *-a«<5oj,  'a  child.'  The  art  of  begetting  beau- 
tiful children.  This  was  the  title  of  a  poem  by 
Claude  Quillet,  in  1655;  "Oallipcedia  sive  de  pul- 
ckrce  prolis  habendum  ratione."  The  author  ab- 
surdly supposes,  that  the  beauty  of  children  is 
affected  by  the  sensations  which  the  mother  ex- 
periences during  her  pregnancy. 

CALLIPERS  OE  BAUDELOCQUE,  see  Pel- 
vimeter. 

CALLIPESTRIA,  Cosmetics. 

CALLIPHYLLUM,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
noidcs. 

CALLIP'YGOS,  from  kgWos,  'beauty/  and 
■jvyv,  'buttocks.'  A  cognomen  of  Venus,  owing 
to  her  beautiful  nates. 

CALLISTHENICS,  Calisthenics. 

CALLITRICHE  AQUATICA,  C.  Verna— c. 
Heterophylla,  C.  Verna — c.  Intermedia,  C. 
Verna. 

Callit'riche  Verna,  (kol\os,  'beautiful,'  and 
Spit;,  t[jix<)s,  'hair,'  from  its  capillary  and  tufted 
stems,)  C.  aquat'ica  seu  interme'dia  seu  hetero- 
phyl'la,  Water  chickweed,  Water  staricort :  indi- 
genous ;  Order,  Callitrichaceae  ;  is  diuretic,  and 
used  in  dropsy,  in  the  form  of  tincture  or  of  de- 
coction. 

CAL'LITRIS  ECKLO'NI.  A  South  African 
tree,  Ord.  Coniferae,  from  the  branches  and  cones 
of  which  a  <rum  exudes,  that  resembles  Gum 
Sandarac  This  is  successfully  used  in  the  form 
of  fumigations  in  gout,  rheumatism,  cedematous 
swellings,  &c. 

Callitris  Cupressoides,  a  common  shrub  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cape  Town,  exudes  a  simi- 
lar substance. 

CALLOSITAS,  Induration  —  c.  Palpebrarum, 
Scleriasis — c.  Vesicae,  Cystauxe. 

CALLOS'ITY,  Callos'itas,  Seyros,  Tyle,  Tylus, 
Tylo'ma,  Tylo'sis,  Dermatosclero'sis,  Dermatoty- 
lo'ma,  Dermatutylo'sis,  Dermatot'ylus,  Poms,  Ec- 
phy'ma  Callus.  Hardness,  induration,  and  thick- 
ness of  the  skin,  which  assumes  a  horny  consist- 
ence in  places  where  it  is  exposed  to  constant 
pressure.  (F.)  Durillon.  Also  the  induration, 
which  is  observed  in  old  wounds,  old  ulcers,  fis- 
tulous passages,  <tc. 

CALLOUS,  Callo'sus,  Ochtho'des,  from  callus, 
'hardness.'  (F.)  Calleux.  That  which  is  hard 
or  indurated.  A  Callous  Ulcer  is  one  whose  edges 
are  thick  and  indurated. 

CALLUNA  ERICA,  Erica  vulgaris  —  c.  Vul- 
garis, Erica  vulgaris. 

CALLUS,  Cains,  Callum,  Osteot'ylus,  (F.)  Cat. 
The  bony  matter,  thrown  out  between  the  frac- 
tured extremities  of  a  bone,  which  acts  as  a  ce- 
ment, and  as  a  new  bony  formation.  The  words 
are.  likewise,  used  occasionally  in  the  same  sense 
as  Callosity. 

Callus,  Provisional.  When  the  shaft  of  a 
long  bone  has  been  broken  through,  and  the  ex- 
tremities have  been  brought  in  exact  juxtaposi- 
tion, the  new  matter,  first  ossified,  is  that  which 
occupies  the  central  portion  of  the  deposit,  and 
thus  connects  the  medullary  cavities  of  the  broken 
ends,  forming  a  kind  of  plug,  which  enters  each. 
This  was  termed  by  M.  Dupuytren  the  provi- 
sional Callus. 


CALMANTS,  Sedatives. 

CALME,  (F.)  The  interval  that  separates  the 
paroxysms  of  an  acute  or  chronic  disease.  "When 
the  type  is  intermittent,  the  word  intermission  is 
used. 

CALOMBA,  Calumba. 

CAL'OMEL,  from  Ka\og,  'good/ and  //tXaj, 
•black.'  A  term,  formerly  applied  to  iEthiops 
mineral.  By  some,  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury 
is  said  to  have  been  so  called  by  Sir  Theodore 
Turquet  de  Mayerne,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  prepared  by  a  favourite  black  servant,  or, 
according  to  others,  because  it  was  a  good  remedy 
for  black  bile.  It  is  now  applied  to  the  mild 
chloride  of  mercury  only.  See  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A  term  applied  to  the 
green,  spinach-like,  evacuations  occasioned  by 
the  internal  use  of  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 

CALOMEL'ANOS  TURQUE'TI,  Hydrargyri 
submurias.  A  name,  also,  given  by  Riverius  to 
purgative  pills,  prepared  with  calomel,  sulphur, 
and  resin  of  jalap. — Dictionaries. 

CALOMELAS,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

CALO'NIA,  KaXwvta.  An  epithet  formerly 
given  to  myrrh. — Hippocrates.     See  MjTrha. 

CALOPHYLLUM  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa- 
gara  octandra. 

CALOR,  Heat  —  c.  Animalis,  Animal  heat  — 
c.  Nativus,  Animal  heat. 

CALORICITE,  (F.)  Caloric" Has,  The  faculty 
possessed  by  living  bodies  of  generating  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  caloric  to  enable  them  to  resist 
j  atmospheric  cold,  and  to  preserve,  at  all  times 
and  in  every  part,  a  temperature  nearly  equal. 
See  Animal  Heat. 

CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorif'iant,  Calorifa'- 
ciens,  Caloriji' ans :  from  color,  'heat,'  and  facere, 
'to  make.'  Having  the  power  of  producing  heat. 
Relating  to  the  power  of  producing  heat. 

CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorifica'tio,  from  ca- 
lor,  'heat,'  and^er?,  'to  be  made.'  The  function 
of  producing  animal  heat. 

CALORINESES,  from  calor,  'heat.'  The 
name  under  which  M.  Baumes  proposes  to  ar- 
range all  diseases  characterized  by  a  sensible 
change  in  the  quantity  of  animal  heat.  The  Ca- 
lorineses  form  the  first  class  of  his  Nosology. 

CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA,  Mudar— c.  Mu- 
darii,  Mudar. 

.  CALOTTE,  (F.)  Pile'olum.  Anatomists  some- 
times give  the  name,  Calotte  aponevrotiqne,  to 
the  aponeurosis  of  the  occipito-frontalis  muscle, 
which  covers  it  externally ;  and  that  of  Calotte 
du  crane  to  the  scull-cap. 

Calotte  is  also  applied  to  an  adhesive  plaster, 
with  which  the  head  of  a  person  labouring  under 
tinea  capitis  is  sometimes  covered,  after  the  hair 
has  been  shaved  off.  This  plaster  is  pulled  sud- 
denly and  violently  off,  in  order  to  remove  the 
bulbs  of  the  hair.  It  means,  also,  a  sort  of  coif 
made  of  boiled  leather,  worn  by  those  who  have 
undergone  the  operation  of  trepanning,  <tc. 

CALOTTE  D' ASSURANCE,  Condom. 

CALTHA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana— c.  Ar- 
vensis,  Calendula  arvensis  —  c.  Marsh,  C.  Palus- 
tris — c.  Officinalis,  Calendula  arvensis. 

CALTHA  Palus'tris,  Marsh  Jfar'igohl,  Mtrtih 
Caltha,  Cowslips.  Order,  Ranunculacea?  :  indi- 
genous. A  syrup  prepared  from  it  is  a  popular 
cough  remedy. 

Caltha  Vulgaris,  Calendula  officinalis. 

CALTROPS,  see  Trapa  natans. 

CALUM'BA,  Colom'bo,  Calom'ba,  Colom'ba, 
(Ph.  U.  S.);  Columbo,  Radix  Columbce,  (F.)  Ca- 
lumbe  ou   Columbe.     The  root  of  Menisper'  t.ium 


call-  a 


15  9 


CAMPHENE 


pahna'tnm,    Coc'cuIm*   palma'tu*.      Order,    Mciii- 
spermaceaB:    indigenous    in    Mozambique.      It- 

ti.l.mr  u  slightly   aromatic:   ta>te  unpleasantly 
Litter.      It  ia   tunic  and  antiseptic.     Bus?,  gr.  10 

to  3J  iu  powder. 

Calumba,    Amkukax.    Fraw'ra  Walteri    sou 

Oarolinen'eie    sea    Ojficina'lie    sou  verticil' lata, 

•  (    difform'it  can    or 

'umbo,  Indian    Lettuce,    ¥<!(■>, r    (?eM- 

\f eado to  pride,  Pr/r' amid.    The 

root    /'••/•(      I'll.   I'.  S.J   is    used    in    the    .•;u;io 
as  the  true  Caluuiba. 

CAL1    S,   Callus. 

I      LiV  \,  Cranium. 

Calva,  I'-ilvn' ,-ia.  The  eraniuin  :  the  upper 
part  especially;  the  skull-cap; — the  Vault  a/the 
Crania 

CALVARIA,  Cranium. 

CALVA'TA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Surgical  in- 
struments, which  have  a  head  or  button. 

CALVIT'IES,  ChdvW'tom,  PkaVaera,  Phaja- 
.  Glabrit"iee,  Ophi'aeie,  Depila'tio  Cap'- 
itie,  Phalacro' ma,  Madaro'*ia,Lipaotrich'ia,  Bald- 
Old  Eng.)  Balledneeee,  Cal'vity,  do.,  from 
ealvus,  'bald,'  (P.)  Oalvitie,  Chauveti.  Absence 
of  hair,  particularly  at  the  top  of,  and  behind, 
the  head. 

Cai.vit"ies  Palpebrarum  is  loss  of  tbe  eye- 
lashes. 

CALVUS,  Athrix. 

CALX,  Lime,  Ca'rium  Terra,  Prota.r'ide  nf 
Cal'cium,  Calea'ria  pura,  (F.)  Ghaux.  Tbe  lime, 
employed  in  pharmacy,  should  be  recently  pre- 
pared by  calcination.  When  water  is  sprinkled 
over  caustic  lime,  we  have  flaked  lime,  hydrate 
of  lime, — the  Calcis  Hydras  of  the  London  phar- 
niacopceia. 

Calx,  see  Calcaneum  —  c.  Bismuthi,  Bismuth, 
■ubnitrate  of — c.  Cblorinata,  Calcis  chloridum — 
c.  Cum  kali  puro,  Potassa  cum  calce  —  c.  Salita, 
Calcis  murias  —  c.  Oxymuriatica,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum. 

I  ■  TESTIS;  lime  prepared  from  shells. 
It  has  probably  no  medicinal  advantages  over 
that  prepared  from  marble. 

CALX  Viva.  C.  recens  seu  usta,  Calx  et  Calx 
viva,  Ox'idum  CaVeii,  Finnan*  nix,  Lime  or 
Quicklime,  (F.)  Chaux  vive.  The  external  ope- 
ration of  calx  viva  is  eseharotic,  but  it  is  rarely 
used.  Lime  is  a  good  disinfecting  agent.  It  is 
employed  internally  in  the  form  of  Liquor  Calcis. 

CALYCANTH'US,  C.Ftor'idtu,  Callican'thue, 
[?]  Carol  i' na  Allepice,  Sweet-ecented  shrub,  Sweet  I 
shrub,  from  ea/i/.r,  'a  flower-cup,' and  avdos,  'a 
flower.'  An  indigenous  plant;  Order,  Calycan- 
:  with  purplish  flowers,  of  strong,  agree- 
able odour,  which  appear  from  March  to  June. 
The  root  ifl  possessed  of  emetic  properties. 

CALYPT  B  A  NTHES  CARYOPHYLLATA, 
Myrtus  caryophyllata. 

CALYSTEQIA  SEPIUM,  Convolvulus  sepium 
— c  Boldanella,  Convolvulus  soldanclla. 

C  MAX,  Calix. 

CAMAB  \.  Calva. 

CAMAREZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 
mares  is  a  small  eanton  Dear  Sylvanes,  in  the 
department  of  Areyron,  France,  where  there  are 
acidulous  chalybeates. 

CAMARO'818,    Camaro'ma,   from   K<iu.<ipa,   'a 
vault,'   Camera'tio,  Teetudina'tio  Cra'nii.  A  spe- 
rraeture  of  the  skull — eam'erated  frac- 
ture— in  which  the  fragments  arc  placed  so  as  to 

form  a  vault,  with    its    base   resting   mii    ti 

—Galen,  Paulus  of  JSgina. 
CAMBIE-LEAF,  Nympheaa  alba  et  Intea. 
C  LMBING.     A  tree  of  tbe  Molucca  Island*, 

from  the  bark  of  which  a  kind  of  gum  resin  cx- 


■rhich   has  been   highly  extolled   h 
tery.     It  appears  ku  hare  some  resemblance  to 

the  si  in  a  rou  I  >a — Humph  ins. 
C  LMBIUM,  •  Excham 


A   name  formerly 
given    to   a    fancied    nutritive    juice,    which    was 

supposed  to  originate  in  the  bl 1.  to  repair  tbe 

;  every  organ,  and  produce  their  inci 
— Sennertus. 

CAMBO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A  Til- 
lage   in     the    department     of     Basses     Pyi 

France,    where    there    are   tw ineral    Bprings; 

the  One  an   acidulous   Chalybeate,    the   other  sul- 
phureous.     Temperature,  C>2°  to  69°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMBODIA,  Cambogia. 
CAMBO'GIA,  from  Cambodia,  in  the  East  In- 
dies, where  it  is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise,  its 
names  Combo1  dia,  Cambo'gium,  Oambo'gia,  Gam- 
bo'gium,Gambu'gium,Gamboi'dia.  It  is  called. also, 
Gutta,  Guttagamba  seu  Gamandra,Gummi  Gutta, 
Catagau'na,  Cattagau'ma,  Chry'eopue,  Laxuti'vva 
fnd'icue,  Gummi  Bo'gia  Beugaman'dr&seu  dt  Goa 
seu  de  Jemu  sen  ad  Pod'agram,  Chitta  jemoco, 
Camboge  or  Gamboge,  (F. )  Gomme  Gutte.  Ord. 
GuttifersB.  A  yellow  juice  obtained  from  Hebra- 
dendron^Cambogio'i'des,  and  other  plants  of  the 
natural  family  Guttiferm,  but  it  is  not  known 
from  which  of  them  the  officinal  camboge  is  ob- 
tained. It  is  inodorous,  of  an  orange  yellow 
colour;  opake  and  brittle;  fracture,  glassy  :  is  a 
drastic  cathartic,  emetic  and  anthelmintic  ;  and 
is  used  in  visceral  obstructions  and  dropsy,  and 
wherever  powerful  hydragogue  cathartics  are  re- 
quired. Dose  from  gr.  ij  to  vi,  in  powder,  united 
with  calomel,  squill,  <fcc. 

Cambogia  Gutta,  Garcinia  cambogia. 

CAMBU'CA,  Cambuc'ca  membra' ta.  Buboes 
and  venereal  ulcers,  seated  in  the  groin  or  near 
the  genital  organs. — Paracelsus.     See  Bubo. 

CA  MELEE,  Cneorum  tricoccurn. 

CAMERA,  Chamber,  Fornix,  Vault— a  Cordis, 
Pericardium— c.  Oculi,  Chamber  of  the  eye. 

CAMERATIO,  Camarosis. 

CAMFOROSMA,  Camphorosma, 

CAMINGA,  Canella  alba. 

CAMISIA  FCET0S,  Chorion. 
M180LE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

CAMMARUS,  Crab. 

CAMOMILE  FETIDE,  Anthemia  cotula— 
c.  Puante,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  Romaine,  Anthe- 
mia nobilis — e.  dea  Teinturiera,  Anthemis  tincto- 
ria — c.   Vulgaire,  .Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CAMOSIERS,  WATERS  OF.  Camosiera  is 
a  eanton,  two  leagues  from  .Marseilles,  where  are 
two  springs  containing  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phur, chloride  of  sodium,  Ac  They  are  purga- 
tive, and  used  in  skin  complaints. 

CAMOTES,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

CAMPAGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Campagne  is  in  the  department  of  Aude,  France. 
The  waters  contain  sulphate  and  chlorofa vdratc 
of  magnesia.     Temperature,  S0°  Fahrenheit 

CAMPAN'ULA.     Diminutive  of 
bell. 


campana,    a 


Campanula  Tkache'lium,  Canterbt 


Bi  il 


Throatwort,  was  formerly  used,  in  decoction,  in 

relaxation  of  the  fauces.     It  is,  also,  call. 
vica'ria. 

CAMPE,  Flexion. 

C  LMPHENE.    The  radical  of  camphor,  which, 

■"" fdiog  to  Duma  -  of  oamphi 

one  equivalent  of  Oxygen.  Camphcnc  or  <„,„- 
plane  is  represented  by  pur.'  oil  of  turpentine. 
That  which    ia   u-ed  for  burning  in  lamps,  and  is 

occasionally  employed  therapeutically,  ia  oil  of 
turpentine  purified  by  distillation  from  a  solution 

of  caustic  pot  . 


CAMPHIRE 


160 


CAXAL   DE  PETIT 


CAMPHIRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  from  Arab.  Ca'phur  or  Kam'- 
phur,  Cam'phora,  Caphnra,  Cajfa,  Caf,  Cafur, 
Caphora,     Altafor,     Campkire,     (F.)     Gamphre. 

A  concrete  substance,  prepared,  by  distillation, 
from  Laurus  Cam'phora,  Per'sea  Cam'fora,  Gam- 
phora  ojpZcinarum,  an  indigenous  tree  of  the  East 
Indies.  Order,  Laurineie.  Its  odour  is  strong 
and  fragrant :  it  is  volatile,  not  easily  pulveriza- 
ble ;  texture  crystalline.  Soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  oils,  vinegar,  and  slightly  so  in  water.  Its 
properties  are  narcotic,  diaphoretic,  and  sedative. 
Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j.  Dissolved  in  oil  or  alcohol,  it 
is  applied  externally  in  rheumatic  pains,  bruises, 
sprains.  &C 

Camphor  Water,  Mistura  Camphoras. 
CAMPIIORA'CEOUS,  Camphora'ceus.     Rela- 
ting to  or  containing  camphor  ; — as  a  '  camphor- 
aceous  smell  or  remedy.' 

CAMPHOR  AT  A  HIRSUTA,  and  C.  MOX- 
SPELIENSIUM,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPH'ORATED,  Camphora'tus,  (F.)  Gam- 
phre.  Relating  to  camphor;  containing  cam- 
phor ;  as  a  camphorated  smell,  a  camphorated 
draught. 

CAMPHOROS'MA  MOXSPELIACA,  C.  Pe- 
ren'nis,  from  Camphor, and 00/117,  'odour.'  Sela'go, 
Camphora'ta  hirsu'ta  seu  Monspelien' rium,  Hairy 
Gamphoros'ma,  (F.)  Gamphree  de  Montpellier. 
Order,  Chenopodiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  This  plant,  as  its  name  imports,  has 
an  odour  of  camphor.  It  is  regarded  as  diuretic, 
diaphoretic,  cephalic,  antispasmodic,  &c.  It  is 
also  called  Chamcepen'ce  and  Stinking  Ground 
Pine. 

Camphorosma  Perennis,  C.  Monspeliaca. 
CAMPHRE.  Camphor. 
GAMPHBE,  Camphorated. 
GAMPHREE  DE  3IOXTPELLIEE,   Cam- 
phorosma Monspeliaca. 

CAMPIOX,  ROSE,  Lychnis  githago. 
CAMPOMAXE'SIA  LIXEATIFO'LIA.  A 
tree,  twenty  to  thirty  feet  high,  which  grows  in 
Peru,  and  whose  fruit — palillo  —  of  a  bright  yel- 
low colour,  and  as  large  as  a  moderate-sized  apple, 
has  an  exceedingly  agreeable  scent,  and  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  making  the  perfumed  water 
called  mistura. — Tschudi. 

CAMPSIS.  Flex'io,  Curva'tio,  Inflex'io.  Bone 
or  cartilage,  forcibly  bent  from  its  proper  shape, 
without  breaking. — Good. 

Campsis  Depressio,  Depression. 
C  A  M  P  Y  L  0  R  '  R  H  A  C  H I S ;  from  KoproAos, 
1  crooked,'  and  pa%is,   '  spine.'    A  monster  whose 
spine  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLORRHI'XUS;  from  «a/xiruAos, 
'crooked/  and  piv,  'nose.'  A  monster  whose 
nose  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLOTIS,  Cataclasis. 
CAMPYLUM,  Cataclasis. 

CAMUS,  (F.)  Simus,  Resi'mus,  Simo,  Silo,  Si- 
his.  One  who  has  a  short,  stumpy  nose.  The 
French  speak  of  Xez  earn-as,  'short  nose.' 

C  AX  AD  A  BURXET,  Sanguisorba  cana- 
densis. 

CAX'ADA,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.  St. 
Catherine's,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Welland  Canal,  12  miles  from 
Niagara  Falls,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, has  a  mineral  spring,  much  frequented, 
which  Dr.  Chilton,  of  Xew  York,  analyzed  and 
found  to  contain  chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium, 
sodium,  and  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  bromide  and  iodide  of  mag- 
nesium, silica  and  alumina. 

Tuscarora  Acid  Sjjring  is  in  the  township  of 


Tuscarora,  about  20  miles  north  of  Pass  Dover. 
It  contains  a  large  amount  of  free  sulphuric  acid  : 
beside  sulphates  of  the  alkalies,  lime,  magnesia, 
alumina  and  iron. 

Charlotteville  Sulphur  Spring  is  a  few  mile? 
from  Dover,  on  Lake  Erie.  It  contains  an  un- 
usual quantity  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

The  Caledonia  Springs — a  well  known  water- 
ing place — are  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Ottawa 
river,  and  40  miles  from  Montreal.  There  are 
various  sources ;  one — the  Gas  Spring — discharg- 
ing carburetted  hydrogen;  a  Saline  and  a  Sul- 
phur Spring;  besides  an  Intermitting  Spring, 
which  discharges  large  quantities  of  carburetted 
hydrogen  ;  and  in  which  iodine  and  bromine  have 
been  detected. 

CAXAL,  Cana'lis,  Ductus,  Jlea'tus,  Poros, 
Och'etos,  ^F.)  Conduit.  A  channel  for  affording 
passage  to  liquids,  or  solids,  or  to  certain  organs. 
Canal,  Alimen'tary,  C.  Diges'tive,  Cana'lis 
seu  Ductus  ciba'rius  seu  dicjesti'vus  seu  alimen- 
ta'rius,  Tubus  alimeuta'rius  seu  intestine' rum, 
Diges'tive  Tube,  Aliment' ary  Duct  or  Tube.  The 
canal  extending  from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Canal,  Arach'noid,  Cana'lis  Biehat'ii,  Canal 
of  Bichat.  A  canal,  formed  by  the  extension  of 
the  arachnoid  over  the  transverse  and  longitudi- 
nal fissures  of  the  brain,  which  surrounds  the  ver.a 
magna  Galeni.  The  orifice  of  the  canal  has 
been  termed  the  Foramen  of  Bichat. 

CANAL  ARTERIEL,  Arterial  duct  —  c.  de 
Bartholin,  Ductus  Bartholinus  —  c.  of  Bichat, 
Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Bullular,  of  Petit,  Godronne 
canal  —  c.  Carotidien,  Carotid  canal  —  c  Chole- 
doque,  Choledoch  duct — c.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  canal 
— c.  of  Cotunnius,  Aquaeductus  vestibuli — c.  De- 
ferent, Deferens  vas — c.  of  Fontana,  Ciliary  canal 
—  c.  Goudronne,  Godronne  canal  —  c.  Hepatique, 
Hepatic  duct. 

Canal  of  Hugcter.  A  small  canal  at  the 
inner  side  of  the  fissure  of  Glaser,  through  which 
the  chorda  tympani  nerve  leaves  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum. 

Canal,  Hy'alotd.  A  cylindrical  passage,  de-  ' 
scribed  by  M.  J.  Cloquet  as  formed  by  the  reflec- 
tion of  the  hyaloid  membrane  into  the  interior 
of  the  vitreous  body  around  the  nutritious  artery 
of  the  lens.  M.  Cruveilhier  has  never  been  able 
to  see  it. 

Canal,  Inci'sive,  see  Palatine  canals — c.  Infra- 
orbitar,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Injlexe  de  Vos  tem- 
poral, Carotid  canal — c.  Intermediare  des  veutri- 
cules,  Aquaeductus  Sylvii. 

CANAL,  Intes'tinal,  Cana'lis  seu  Ductus  intes- 
ti)ia'lis.  The  portion  of  the  digestive  canal  formed 
by  the  intestines. 

Canal  of  Jacobson,  Canal,  tympanic. 
Canal,  Med'ullary.     The  cylindrical  cavity 
in  the  body  or  shaft  of  a  long  bone,  which  con- 
tains the  marrow. 

Canal,  Xasal,  Lachrymal  canal. 
Canal  of  Xcck.     A  cylindrical  sheath  formed 
around  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  by  a 
prolongation  of  the  peritoneum  into  the  inguinal 
canal. 

CAXAL  DE  PETIT,  Godronne  canal—  c. 
Pulmo-aortique,  Arterial  duct  —  c.  Rachidian, 
Vertebral  canal. 

Canal  of  Schlemm.  A  minute  circular  canal, 
discovered  by  Professor  Schlemm,  of  Berlin.  It 
is  situate  at  the  point  of  union  of  the  cornea  and 
sclerotica. 

Canal,  Spinal,  Vertebral  canal — c.  Spiro'ide 
de  Vos  temporal,  Aquaeductus  Fallopii — c.  de  Ste- 
non,  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  c.  Thoracique, 
Thoracic  duct  —  c.  Veineux,  Canal,  venous  —  c. 
Vulvo-uterine,  Vagina  —  c.  de  Warthon,  Ductus 
salivalis  inferior. 


CANALS  9   A  E  11 1  F  E  R I 


1G1 


CANCER 


Cw  vi..  Tym'iwv 

inal  which  opens  on  the  lower 
of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  between  the  carotid  canal  and  the  - 
for  the  internal  jugular  vein.      It  contains  Jacob- 
Bun'.-  nerve. 

.  Tube,  Fallopian. 

Can  a  i .  V-  n  Ductus  v*  ao'tvi 

sou   D.  v.  Aran' tit,  [V.)  Canal  A  canal 

which  exists  only  in  the  foetae.  It  extends  from 
the  bifurcation  of  the  umbilical  vein  to  the  vena 
cava  inferior,  into  which  it  opens  below  the  dia- 
phragm.  At  times,  it  ends  in  one  of  the  infra- 
wins.  It  pours  into  the  cava  a  part  of 
the  blood,  which  passes  from  the  placenta  by  the 
Umbilical  vein.  After  birth,  it  becomes  a  fibro- 
Cellular  cord. 

CANAL  Or  T  e  Pancreas. 

c  \\  U.ES  AF.RIFERI,  see  Bronchia. 

C  \\  \\.\:<  BRBSCHET'L  Canals  in  tbe 
diploe  for  I  if  veins;  so  called  after 

u 

CAKAI  3  ClRCULABES,  Semicircular  canals — c. 
fj  :    the  cochlea — e.  Lacrymales, 

Lachrymal  ducts — c  Membra nei  rennm,  see  Calix 
— c.  Tubseformes,  Semicircular  canals. 

CAN  LLICl  LATED,  Grooved. 

CAN  ILICULATUS,  Oanneli,  Grooved. 

CANALICULUS,  Grooved. 

OANALIOUL  ES  CAH  irki:  ES,  Canalionli 
calciferi. 

CANALICULI,  plural  of  Canaliculus— c.  Bili- 
feri.  Pori  biliarii  —  c.  of  Bone,  see  Lacunae  of 
Bone. 

CANALICULI     CALCIF'ERI,     Oalciferou* 

Minute  ca- 
nalionli,  observed  with  the  microscope,  in  the 
cartila.  -.  which  are  full  of  calcareous 

salts. 

CANALICULI    BAVERSIANI,  Canals,   nu- 

tritlVf c.    Lacrymales,    Lachrymal    dints  —  c 

Limacum,    Lachrymal   dints  —  c  Semicirculare-, 
Semicircular  canals  —  c.  Seminales.   see   Testicle 
ainiferi,  see  Testicle — c.  Yasculosi,  Canals, 
nutritive. 

CANALICULUS,  diminutive  of  canalis,  'a 
Channel.'      A  small  channel.      See  Canaliculi. 

LLIS,  Meatus  —  c.  Alimentarins,   Canal, 
alimentary  —  C.    Arteriosus.     Arterial     duet  —  c. 

Bicbatii,  (.'anal,  arachnoid — c.  Canaliculatus,  Gor- 
get— c.  Caroticus,  Carotid  canal — c.  Cervicis.  -ee 
Uterus —  e.  Deferens,  Deferens  vas — c  Eminen- 
uinsa,  Aqumductus  Bylvii — c.  Fallo- 
pii,  Aqua;  luctus  Fallopii — e.  Entestinorum,  fntes- 

tinal  tui .  Lacrymalis,   Lachrymal  or  nasal 

duct —  \  ilia-' luctus  Sylvii— c. MedullsB 

bral  colnmn — o.  Nervous  fistu- 
losus  rennm,  Ureter — c  Orbits  nasalis,  Lachry- 
mal or  nasal  duet  —  o.  Scalarnm  communis,  [n- 
fnndibulum  of  tbe  ooohlea — e.  Bemiciroularis  bo- 
risonts  mieircnlar  Canals  —  o.  Semicir- 

enlaris  rerticalis  postei  licircular  Ca- 

nals  —  c.  Semicircularis  rerticalis  superior,  see 
rcular  ean-d- — •<•.  Tympanicns,  ("anal,  tym- 
-c.  Urinarius,  Urethra  —  o.  Vidianns,  Pte- 

:  'anal. 

CANALS  OF  HAVERS,  Canals  nutritive  — 
c.   Haversian,  Canals,  nutritive. 

~.   \  i  1 1:1  rirn,   Cana  Uritfon 

ctu»  mitrit" ii.  Cannlic'uli  pa 

ten  //  i ml*  of 

II  ■  i  du  Nutrition 

■ui/x  nourriciert  on  nutriciert.     The 

through  which    the  n  to   the 

v  arc  lined  DJ  a  very  line  lamina  of 

11 


compact  texture,  or  are    formed  in    the  texture 
itself.      There    i.-,  generally,   one   large   nutritious 
canal  in  a  long  hone,  situate  towards  its  middle. 
CAN  \1>  Ml  \,  Artemisia  mlj 

C  INARIES,  C LIMA  1  B  OP.  The  climate 
of  the  Canaries  greatly  resembles  that  of  Ma- 
deira. That  of  the  latter,  however,  is  more 
equable,  and  the  accommodation  for  invalids 
much  superior. 

CANARIUM  COMMUNE,  see  Amyris  elemi- 
fera. 

LRY-SEED,  Phalaris  Canari 

CANATJX  AQUEUX,  see  Aqneons — .  i 
Otreulairet,  Semicircular  cana  -  'ateunt, 

Ejaculatory  ducts — e,  Nourricien,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c  {!<•  Nutrition  de$  o»,  Canals,  nutritive. 

CANAUX  DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord- 
ing to  Bichat,  the  bony  canal-  intendt  d  to  give 

to  I  easels  and  nerves  going  to  par;  ■ 
or  less  distant — as  the  I 'nun' I  is  CarofictU,  A  ••. 

CANAUX  VEINEUX,  Venoue  Canalt.  The 
canals  situate  in  the  diploe,  which  convey  venous 
blood. 

CAN'CAMUM.  A  mixture  of  several  gums 
I  and  resins,  exported  from  Africa,  where  it  is  used 
to  deterge  wounds.  Diosoorides  calls,  by  the 
name  Kayxauov,  the  tears  from  an  Arabian  tree. 
which  are  similar  to  myrrh,  and  of  a  d 
able  taste.  lie  advises  it  in  numerous  dU 
This  name  is  given,  also,  to  the  Anime. 

CANCAMY,  Anime. 

CAN  'CELL  ATED,  CaneeUa'tue,  (F. 
from    Canoelli,   'lattice-work.'     Formed    of   can- 
oelli,  as  the  'cancellated  structure  of  bone.' 

CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'  The  Cellular 
or  Spongy  Texture  of  Unites,  (F.)  Tissu  celluleux; 
consisting  of  numerous  cells,  communicating  with 
each  other.  They  contain  a  fatty  matter,  analo- 
gous to  marrow.  This  texture  is  met  with,  prin- 
cipally, at  the  extremities  of  long  bones:  and 
some  of  the  short  bones  consist  almost  wholly  of 
1  it.  It  allows  of  the  expansion  of  the  extremities 
of  hones,  without  adding  to  their  weight,  and 
deadens  concussions. 

CANCEL'LUS,  from  cancer,  'a  crab.'     A  spe- 
crayflsh,  called  the  Wrong  Heir,  an 
ttm-tl  the  Hermit:   which   is  said  to  cure  rheuma- 
tism, if  rubbed  on  the  part. 

CANCER,  'a  crab.'  Car'cinoe,  Lupus  eancro'- 
shs.     A  disease,  SO  called  either  on  account  of  the 

bideous  appearance  which  the  ulcerated  cancer 

present-,  or  on  account  of  the  great  veins  which 
surround  it.  and  which  the  ancients  compared  to 
the  claws  of  the  crab:  called  also  Careino'ma. 
It  consists  of  a  scirrhous,  livid  tumour,  inter- 
sected by  linn,  whitish,  divergent 
occurs  chiefly  in  the  secernent  glands.  The 
pains  are  acute  and  lancinating,  and  often  extend 
to  other  parts.  The  tumour,  ultimately,  termi- 
nates in  a  fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer, —  Ulcvi 
lint.  It  is  distinguished,  according  to  it< 
.  into  occult,  Cancer  oceul'tue,  and  opt  n.  < '. 
aper'tue;  the  former  being  tbe  scirrhous,  the 
latter  the  ulcerated  condition.     At  times,  there  is 

a  simple  destruction  or  erosion  of  the  organ,  »t 
otle-r-,   an    encephaloid   or  cerebriformj   and,   at 
bgain,  a  colloid  degeneration. 
For  its  production,  it  reqaii  .ir  dia- 

or  cachexia.     The   following  table,  from 
I»r.  Walsh e,  exhibits  the  characters  »1  thi 
species  of  carcinoma : 

The  use  of  irritants   in    oanoerOUS   all'ections   is 

strongly  to  be  deprecated.     When  tl 
bo  situate  thai    excision   can   be  practised,  and 
the  constitution  does  not  exhibit  great  contami- 
nation, the  sooner  it  is  removed  the  better. 


CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE  1 


CAXCER  DE  GAL  I  EN 


Enceji  haloid. 

Resembles  lobulatod  cerebral 
run  t  tor. 

I>  commonly  opake  from  its  ear- 
liest formation. 

Is  of  a  dead  white  colour. 

Contains  a  multitude  of  minute 
vessels. 

Is  less  hard  and  dense  than  scir- 
rhus. 

Is  frequently  found  in  the  veins 
issuing  from  the  diseased  mass. 

The  predominant  microscopical 
elements  are  glob  ilar.  not  always 
distinctly  cellular,  and  caudate  cor- 
puscula. 

Occasionally  attains  an  enor- 
mous hulk. 

Has  ben  observed  in  almost 
every  tissue  of  the  body. 

Very  commonly  co-exists  in  se- 
veral parts  or  organs  of  the  same 
subject. 

Is  remarkable  for  its  occasional 
vast  rapidity  of  growth. 

Is  frequently  the  seat  of  insterti- 
tial  hemorrhage  and  deposition  of 
black  or  bistre-coloured  matter. 

When  softened  into  a  pulp,  ap- 
pears as  a  dead  white  or  pink  ojiake 
matter  of  creamy  consistence. 

Subcutaneous  tumours  are  slow 
to  contract  adhesion  with  the  skin. 

Ulcerated  encephaloid  is  fre- 
quently the  seat  of  hemorrhage, 
followed  by  rapid  fungous  develop- 
ment. 


The  progress  of  the  disease  after 
ulceration  is  commonly  very  rapid. 

It  is  th*  most  common  form  un- 
der which   secondarv  cancer  exhi- 
;  bits  itself 

Is  the  species  of  cancer  most  fre-  i 
!  quently  observed  in  young  subjects,  j 


Scirrhus. 

Resembles  rind  of  bacon  tra- 
versed by  cellulo-fibrous  s  pta. 

Has  a  semi-transparent  glossi- 
ness. 

Has  a  clear  whitish  or  bluish 
yellow  tint. 

Is  comparatively  ill-supplied  with 
vessels. 

Is  exceedingly  firm  and  dense. 


Has  not  been  distinctly  detected 
in  this  situation. 

The  main  microscopical  consti- 
tuents are  juxtaposed  nuclear  cells  ; 
caudate  corpuscular  do  not  exist 
in  it. 

Rarely  acquires  larger  dimen- 
sions than  an  orange. 

Its  seat  as  ascertained  by  obser- 
vation, is  somewhat  more  limited. 

Is  not  unusually  solitary. 


Ordinarily  grows  slowly. 

Is  comparatively  rarely  the  seat 
of  these  changes. 

Resembles,  when  softened,  a  yel- 
lowish brown  semitransparent  ge- 
latinous matter. 

Scirrhus  thus  situate  usually  be- 
comes adherent. 

Scirrhous  ulcers  much  less  fre- 
quently srive  rise  to  hemorrhage ; 
and  fungous  growths  (provided 
they  retain  the  scirrhous  charac- 
ter) are  now  more  slowly  and  less 
abundantly  developed. 

There  is  not  such  a  remarkable 
change  in  the  rate  of  progress  of  the 
disease  after  ulceration  has  set  in. 


Is  much  less  common  before  pu- 
berty. 


Colloid. 

Has  the  appearance  of  particles  of 
jelly  inlaid  m  a  regular  alveolar  bed. 

The  contained  matter  is  sink 
irmly  transparent. 

Greenish  yellow  is  its  predomi- 
nant hue. 

Its  vessels  have  not  been  suffi- 
ciently examined  as 

The  jelly-like  matter  is  exceed- 
ingly soft  ;  a  co||<  i,|  mass  is,  how- 
ever, firm  and  resisting. 

The  pultaceous  variety  has  been 
detected  in  the  v.  ins. 

Is  composed  of  shells  in  a  state 
of  eniboltcment. 


Observes  a  mean  in  this  respect. 

Has  so  far  been  seen  in  a  limited 
number  of  parts  only. 

Has  rarely  been  met  with  in  more  \ 
than  one  organ. 

Grows  with  a  medium  degree  of 
rapidity. 


Undergoes  no  visible  change  of 
the  kind. 


Has  so  far  been  observed  in  adults 
only. 


CAXCER  ALVEOLAIRE,  Colloid  — c.  Al- 
veolaris,  Colloid — c.  Apertus,  see  Cancer. 

Cancer  Aquat'icus,  Gan'grenous  stomati'tis, 
Cancrum  Oris,  Ganyranop'sis,  Canker  of  the 
mouth,  Gan'grenous  sore  mouth,  Gan'grenous  ero'- 
sion  of  the  cheek,  Sloughing  Phagedena  of  the 
mouth,  Water  Canker:  called,  also,  Aphthm  ner- 
pen'tes,  Gangrce'na  Oris,  Noma,  Nome,  Nonius, 
Pseudocarcino'  ma  la'bii,  Stomac'ace  gnngrceno' sa, 
Chciloc'ace,  Uloc'ace,  Uli'tis  sep'tica,  Cheiloma- 
la'cia,  Scorbu'tus  Oris,  Stomatomala'cia  pu'trida, 
Stomatosep' 'sis,  Stoinatowcro'sis,  Carbnn' cuius 
labia1  rum  et  gena'rwn,  (F.)  Cancer  aquatiqne, 
Stomatiie  gangreneuse,  S.  Charbonneitse,  Gangrene 
on  Sphacele  de  la  Bouche,  Fegarite,  Aphthe  gan- 
ureneux.  Certain  sloughing  or  gangrenous  ulcers 
of  the  mouth  —  so  called,  perhaps,  because  they 
are  often  accompanied  with  an  afflux  of  saliva. 
The  disease  is  not  uncommon  in  children's  asy- 
lums, and  demands  the  same  treatment  as  hospi- 
tal gangrene  —  the  employment  of  caustics,  and 
internal  and  external  antiseptics. 

CANCER  AQUATIQUE.  Cancer  aquations, 
Stomacace — c.  Areohiire,  Colloid — c.  Astaeus,  see 
Caneroram  chelae — c.  Black,  Cancer  melanotic — 
c.  of  the  Breast,  Mastocareinoma — c.  Camina- 
riorutn,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  Cellular, 
Encephaloid — c.  CSrSbriforme,  see  Encephaloid. 

Cancer,  Chimney-sweepers',  Sootwnrt,  Can- 
cer inn nd ito' rum  seu  purgato'ris  infumic'idi  seu 
caminario'rum.  Cancer  seu  carcino'ma  scroti,  0*- 
cheocarciiio'ina,  Oschocarcino'nia,  (F.)  Cancer 
de.s  Ramoneurs.  This  affection  begins  with  a 
superficial,  painful,  irregular  ulcer,  with  hard  and 
elevated  edges,  occupying  the  lower  part  of  the 


scrotum.  Extirpation  of  the  diseased  part  is  the. 
only  means  of  effecting  a  euro. 

CAXCER  COLLOIBE,  Colloid. 

Cancer,  Davidson's  Remedy  for,  see  Conium 
maculatum. 

CAXCER  DUR,  Scirrhus. 

t '.  1 XCER  EB  URXE.  A  kin d  of  wa xy  d ege- 
neration  of  the  breast,  so  called  by  M.  Alibert.  hut 
which  appear*  to  be  in  no  way  allied  to  cancer. 

CANCER  EXCEPHALOTDE,  Scirrhus  — c. 
Epithelial,  see  Epithelial — c.  Fibreux,  Scirrhus — > 
c.  Fibrous,  Scirrhous — c.  du  Foie,  Hepatosarcomie. 

Cancer  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Cancer  de  Galicn.  A 
bandage  for  the  head,  to  which  Galen  gave  the 
name  cancer,  from  its  eight  heads  resembling:, 
rudely,  the  claws  of  the  crab.  It  is  now  sup- 
plied by  the  bandage  with  six  chefs  or  heads, 
which  is  called  the  Bandage  of  Galen  or  B.  of 
the  Poor. 

CANCER  DE  G ALIEN,  Cancer  Galeni  — c. 
Gelatiniform,  Colloid — c.  Gelatinous,  Colloid — c. 
Gommeux,  Colloid — c.  Hard,  Scirrhus — c.  Intes- 
tinorum.  Enteropathia  oancerosa — c.  des  Intestine, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa — c.  of  the  Lung,  Phthisis, 
cancerous  —  c.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  c.  Mastoid,  see 
Mastoid  cancer — c.  Medullaris,  Encephaloid— c. 
Melaeneus,  Cancer,  melanotic — c.  Nelane,  Cancer, 
melanotic — c.  Meranodes,  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Cancer.  Melanotic,  Cancer  melano'des,  Car- 
cino'ma vie/ano'des  seu  melanot'icwn  seu  melce'- 
ueus,  Fungus  vielano'dcs,  Me/'ano-careino'ma, 
Black  or  Mel'anoid  Cancer,  (F.)  Cancer  Jlelanc. 
A  combination  of  cancer  and  melanosis. 

Cancer,  Miltlike,  see  Miltlike. 


caxci:reux 


in  3 


CANITIES 


r  w  :eh    y  phaloid  —  a.    Vow, 

Enoepbaloid — e.  Muaditoram,  Caneer,  chimney- 

.  Nephroid,  see  Nephroid— a 

lt  —  c.  Oculi,  Scirrhophthalmus —  c. 

Spina  ventoss —  c 

Phnryi  .  Laemoscirrhus —  e.  Pal- 

I   illoid  —  e.  Purgatoria  infamieoli,  C 
ehimn 

chimin  '  —  e.  Scirrhosus,  Scirrhua —  c 

Scroti,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — i.  Soft,  II. i  - 

Solenoid  —  c 
.  Scirrhua — c.  of  the  Stomach,  Gas- 
ir.ii.ua  et  pylorica — c.  Uteri,  Metro- 
.  una. 

Cancerous. 
(   INI  BB  ROOT,  Orobancbe  Virginiana,  Phy- 
i  decaodra — o.  Weed,  Goodyera  pubescens, 
Salvia  lyrata. 

•  BROMA,  Carcinoma. 
1  E2R0I  S,    Cancro'aua,    Carcinopaua,   (F.) 
ting   tu    cancer;    as    Canceroua 
«//<•-  r,  (  ancerou*  diatht 

<  II  \l.  \t.l  A.  Cbironia  Chil 
NCRENA,  Gangrene. 
I   INCRODES,  Cancroid. 

«    \N  •  ROID,  Kankroid,  Cancro'dee,  Cancrox'- 
.   <  \uicro%d\    r, 
ami  cteog,  '  form.'     That  which  assumes  a 
eanceroua  appearance.    Cancroid  is  a  name  given 
to  certain  cutaneous  cancers  by  Alibert :  called 
keloid  or  Keloid,  Ckel"oi$,  Can'croi*,  Ke- 
lt (x^vi,  'a  tortoise,' and  ubs,  -1,:- 
or  from  spot  or  stain/ and  a6o;,  '  like- 

»,  from  their  presenting  a  flattisfa 
raised  patch  of  integument,  resembling  the  .-hell 
of  a  tortoise. 

Rom  of  the  Skin,  Bee  Epithelial 
CANCROIS,  Bee  Cancroid. 
CANCROMA,  Carcinoma. 
CANCRO'RUM  CHEL.ZB,  Oe'uli  Ben  Lap' ides 
sen    Lapil'li    Cancro'rum,    Coneremen'ta    At'tacx 
j/nriiit' i/ix.    Crab's    stout*    or    eyes,     i  V.)    Yeux 
'tee,  Pierrt  tTEcreviate.  Concretions  found, 
narticularly,  in  the  Cancer  At'tacu*  or  Cray-fish. 
They  consist  of  carbonate  and  phosphate  of  lime, 
and   p088e88   antacid   virtu.'-.   but   not   more   than 
chalk. 

c  INCROSUS,  Canc<  rous,  CJUwcretis*. 
CANCRUM    ORIS,    Cancer   Aquaticus,    Sto- 

DELA,   Bougie  —  e.  FumaJis,  Pastil  —  o. 
Bfedicata,  Bough  um  nigrum. 

CANDELAR]  \.  Verbascum  Digram. 
CANDI,  Candutn,    Cauthum,    Oau'tion,   fmn/i/, 
from  eandidua — 'white,  bleached,  purified.'     Pu- 
tnd  crystallized  sugar.     See  Saccharum. 
CANDIDUM  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 
CANDLE,  Pupil. 

LB,  .Mi !B(  i  'RIAL.      A  candle  made  of  wax 
mtilion  for  mercurial  fumigation. 
Cak  Parmentiera  cerifera. 

«   \M>Y.  Candi. 
CANDYT1  1  1.  BITTER,  rberia  amara. 

•i.irum  —  c.    - 
i  calamus. 
CANEFICIER,  Cassia  fistula. 

C  1  A/.'/..!.  Nectandra  einnamomoides. 

'■  1  \ /:/./'.  Grooved. 

■  l.l.i.  \.  -  •   Canella  alba. 

I .'i  \  A  :  ■  \,  diminutiv(  i  r I.' 

:     S    '  - 

rynia.     Ii  i-   so  Bailed 
I  ark  i-  r-.llcd   up  1 
i'iiiix  epu'riua,  Canella  Cnba'na   n 
mm    a lt> no  . 

.    CoHtiu  cartico'tu*,    Cn- 
tlla  (Ph.  U.  S  i.  Canella   Bat 


Winter,  Ecorce  Cariocoetin* j   Ord.  Guttiferse,  is 

a   pungent   aromatic      It-   virtues   arc   pai 

by  water;  entirely  by  alcohol,     it  is  a 

Stimulant)  and  is  added  to  hitters  and  cathartics. 

Cartops  vi. t.  \t a.  Asyrtus  oaryophyl- 

lata — C.  (uhana.  ('.  alba,  baurus  cassia — 0.  Mala- 
bariea  et  Javensis,  Lauras  cassis. 
(A  N  BLLI  FERA  MALABARICA,  Lauras 

CANEP1N,  (F.)  A  fine  lamb's  skin  or  goat's 
skin,  used  for  trying  the  quality  of  lancets. 

c  LNICACEODS,  Furfurac. 

[<  .1".  .Meal,  in  which  there  is  much 
bran.  Also,  coarse  bread  j  or  bread  in  which 
there  is  much  bran  —  Panit  Cornea'* 

CANICII)  \.  Aconitum. 

i  \.\l'"l  LA;  the  Dogetar,  from  cants,  *  a  dog  f 
^cifjioi.  Sinus,  [P.J  Oanieule.  This  star,  which 
gives  its  name  to  the  Dogdaye,  Die*  canieula'ree, 
because  they  commence  when  the  sun  rises  with 
it,  was  formerly  believed  to  exert  a  powerful  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy.  The  Dogdays 
occur  at  a  period  of  the  year  when  there  Li 
rally  great  and  oppressive  heat,  and  therefore — 
it  has  been  conceived — a  greater  liability  to  dis- 

CANIF,  Knife. 

CANIN,  Canine. 

CANINAN.fi  RADIX,  Cain  ess  radix. 

CANINE,  Cam' mi* t  Cyn'ictt*,  from  eanit,  'a 

dog.'  (F.)  C'uiiu.     That  which  has  a  resemblance 
to  the  structure,  etc.,  of  B 

Canine  Fossa,  Fo**a  Caui'na,  Tnfra-orbitnr or 
Suborbital  fo*ta%  (F.)  Fo**t  Canine.  A  small 
depression  on  the  superior  maxillary  bone, above 
tiie  (/<  hi  caninua,  which  gives  attachment  to  the 
eaninut  or  U  rator  anguli  oris  muscle. 

Canine  Laugh,  Sardon'ic  laugh,  Riau*  CanV- 
iins  sen  Sardon'icu*  sen  Sardo'  wins  sen  Sarduuio* 
seu  de Sardo' nia  sen  involunta'ria*  sou  apaa'ticua, 
Toriu'ra  seu  Diator'tio  Oris,  Gelaa'mua,  Sardi'- 
Tri*mii*  Sardon'icu*  seu  cyn'- 
icu*,  Spasmus  musculorum  faciei  seu  cyn'icus,  Pro- 
aopoapae'mtu,  (F.)  Hi*  canin,  11.  Sardonique,  R. 
Sardonien,  R.  moqueur.  A  sort  of  laugh,  the  facial 
expression  of  which  is  produced  particularly  by 
smodio  contraction  of  the  Caninu*  muscle. 
Probably,  this  expression,  as  will  as  Cynic  Spaam, 
Spaamu*  cani'nu*  seu  cyn'icua,  Convul'aio  cani'nar 
Triamu* cyn'icu*,  may  have  originated  in  the  re- 
semblance of  the  affection  to  certain  movement! 
in  the  upper  lip  of  the  dog.  The  Riau*  Sardon'- 
icu* is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from  similar 
symptoms  having  been  induced  by  a  kind  of 
Ranunculus  —  R.  acelera'tu* — that  grows  in  Sar- 
dinia. 

Canine   Trkth,  Dente*  Cani'ni  seu  Lania'rii 
Beu  nngula'res  seu  cuapida'ti sen  columella' 
ocula're*  sen   morden'tee,  Cynodon'tee,  Eye  Teeth, 

/'ill/   Teeth,    (F.)  /'ill's   run;, us   ell    //I  u  in  i  lis   nil  illl- 

gulaire*  oxxocufaire*  on  aeillerea  ouconoUde*.  Tho 
teeth  between  the  lateral  incisors  and  Bmall  mo- 
each  jaw; —  so  named   because  tiny  rc- 
Bemble  the  teeth  of  the  dog. 

CANINUS,    Levator  anguli    oris  —  c.    St  mis, 

I  ianine  Laugh. 
C  W  IR  \.M.  Strvchnos  nus  vomica. 
CANIR  V.MIM'M.  Bracine. 
CANIRUB1  S,  R«  -a  oanina. 
CAMS  [NTERFECTOR,  Veratram  sabadilla 
— o.  Ponticus,  ' lastor  \\>  er. 

.fills,  from  cniiiis,  'white.'    Blanching, 
Whitenea*  or  groyne**  nf  the  hair,  and  especially 
of  that  of  the  bead —  Trichon'oai*  polio' ai*.       1  ,) 
When  occurring  in  consequence  of  old 
age,  it  i  Sometimes  it  bn\ 

suddenly,  and  apparently  in  coi 

emotion.      The    causes,    however,  arc    not 

clear.    B 


CANKER 


164 


CAPBERN 


CANKER,  Stoniacace  — c.  of  the  Mouth,  Can- 
cer aquaticus. 

CANKER- RASH,  see  Cynanche  maligna. 

CANKER,  WATER,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

C  A  N  N  A,  see  Tous-lea-Mois,  Cassia  fistula, 
Trachea — c.  Brachii,  Ulna — c.  Domes tica  cruris, 
Tibia — c.  Edulis,  ^ova-lea- Moi a — c.  Fistula,  Cas- 
sia fistula  —  c.  I.idica,  Sagittariuin  alexipharma- 
cum — c.  Major,  Tibia — c.  Minor,  Fibula,  Radius 
— c.  Solutiva,  Cassia  fistula — c.  Starch,  Tous-les- 
Jlois. 

CANNABIN,  Bangue. 

CANNAB'INA,  from  Kawafiis,  'hemp.'  Reme- 
dies composed  of  Cannabis  Indica. — Pereira. 

Cannabina  Aquatica,  Eupatorium  canna- 
binum. 

CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.  See,  also, 
Churrus. 

Can'xabis  Sati'va,  (F.)  Chanvre,  Ghambrie. 
The  seed  of  this — Hempseed,  Sem'ina  Can' nobis, 
(F.)  Chinevis —  is  oily  and  mucilaginous.  The 
decoction  is  sometimes  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

CANNACORUS  RADICE  CROCEA,  Curcuma 
longa. 

CAXXA3IELLE,  see  Saccharum. 

GANNE  AROMATIQUE,  Acorus  calamus  — 
c.  Congo,  Costus  —  c.  de  Riviere,  Costus  —  c.  a 
Sucre,  see  Saccharum. 

CAXXEBERGE,  Yaccinium  oxycoccos  —  c. 
Ponctnee,  Vaccinium  vitis  idsea. 

CANNEL,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

CANNEL-BONE,  Clavicle. 

CANNEL-WATER,  Aqua  cinnamomi. 

CAXXELE  ou  CAXELE  (F.),  from  canalis, 
'a  canal.'  Sulca'tus,  Stria' tus,  Canalicula'tus. 
Having  a  canal  or  groove  —  as  31 u  scle  cannele 
(Lieutaud),  the  Gemini;  Corps  canncles  ou  atrUa, 
the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde  cannelee,  a  grooved 
sound,  &c.     See  Grooved. 

CANNELL  BAYNE,  Clavicle. 

C A  X N E  L  L  E,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Blanche,  Canella  alba  —  c.  de  la  Chine,  Laurus 
cassia  —  c.  de  Coromandel,  Laurus  cassia  —  c. 
Fausse,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Girojlee,  Myrtus  cary- 
ophyllata  —  c.  des  hides,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  de 
Java,  Laurus  cassia — c.  de  Malabar,  Laurus  cas- 
sia— c.  Matte,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Officinale,  Lau- 
rus cinnamomum  —  c.  Poivree,  see  Wintera  aro- 
matica. 

CANNULA,  Canula. 

CANNULA  PULMONUM,  Bronchia. 

CANOPUM,  see  Sambucus. 

CANOR  STETHOSCOPICUS,  Tintement  ?n6- 
tallique. 

CANQUOIN'S  CAUSTIC  PASTE,  Pasta  zinci 
chloridi. 

CANTABRICA,  Convolvulus  Cantabrica. 

CANTABRUNO,  Furfur. 

CANTARELLUS,  Meloe  proscarabams. 

CANTATIO,  Charm. 

CANTEL,  Vertex. 

CANTERBURY,  WATERS  OF,  Aqua  Can- 
tuarien'ses.  The  waters  of  Canterbury,  in  Kent, 
England,  are  impregnated  with  iron,  sulphur, 
and  carbonic  acid. 

CANTERIUM,  Cantherius. 

CAX  THAR  IDE  T ACHE  TEE,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHARIDINE,   see  Cantharis. 

CAN'THARIS,  from  xavSapos,  'a  scarabceus.' 
C.  vesicato'ria,  Musca  Hispanica,  3/el'oe  vesica- 
to'rius,  Lytta  vesicato'ria,  Blis'tering  Fit/,  Blister- 
Jly,  Blisterbeetle,  Spanish  Fly,  Fly,  (F.)  Cantha- 
rides,  Mouches,  31.  d' 'Espagne.  This  fly — Order, 
Coleopterae  —  originally,  perhaps,  a  native  of 
Italy  and  Spain,  is  now  found  in  France,  Ger- 
many, Hungary,  Russia,  Siberia,  and  England. 
It  is,  however,  rare  in  the  last-named  country. 
It  is  found  in  species  of  01eaeea3 —  as  the  ash, 
privet,  and  lilac;  and  of  Caprifoliacese  —  as  the  II 


elder  and  lonicera.  It  is  much  employed  in  me- 
dicine, and  is  the  most  common  vesicatory. 
Given  internally,  and  even  when  absorbed  from 
the  skin,  it  affects  the  urinary  organs,  excitino- 
strangury.  This  may  be  prevented,  in  eases  of 
blisters,  by  interposing  between  the  blistering 
plaster  and  skin  a  piece  of  tissue-paper.  Dilu- 
|  ents  relieve  the  strangury.  Dose,  half  a  grain 
to  one  grain.  If  kept  dry,  the  flies  will  retain 
their  activity  for  many  years.  Their  active  prin- 
ciple —  Con'tharidin,  Cantharidi'na  —  has  been 
separated  from  them. 

Cantharis  vesicatoria  is  the  ordinary  blistering 
insect  used  in  Europe. 

Cantharis  seu  Lytta  vitta'ta,  (which  see,)  and 
C.  atra'ta,  C.  margina'ta,  and  C.  cine'rea,  of 
America;  C.  atoma'ria,  of  Brazil;  C.  ru'Jieeps, 
of  Sumatra  and  Java;  C.  gigas,  Lytta  cceru'lea, 
of  Guinea  and  the  East  Indies;  C.  viola'cca, 
Lytta  gig*<s  mas,  of  the  East  Indies;  C.Syr'iaca, 
Lytta  seg'etum,  of  Arabia;  3/y/a'bris,  3f.  pune- 
ta'ta,  31.  pnatula'ta,  and  3f.  cicho'rii,  of  China 
and  the  East  Indies;  3feloe  proscarab&'us,  and 
31.  maja'lis  or  True  3Iayworm  —  possess  similar 
properties. 

CANTHE'RIUS,  Cante'rium.  The  cross-piece 
of  wood  in  the  apparatus  used  by  Hippocrates  for 
reducing  luxations  of  the  humerus. 

CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of  the  canthus 
of  the  eye. 

CANTHIUM  CORONATUM,  Randia  dume- 
torum. 

CAXTH.OPLAS'TIC~E,Oan'thoplasty,CF.)Can- 
thoplastie,  from  KavSos,  •'  the  angle  of  the  eye,'  and 
irXaariKoi,  ' formative.'  The  formation,  by  plastic 
operation,  of  the  angle  of  the  eye.  An  operation 
proposed  by  Ammon,  when  the  eyelids  are  not 
sufficiently  cleft. 

CANTHUM,  Candi. 

CANTHUS,  Epican'this,  An'gulus  ocula'ris, 
Fons  lacryma'rum.  The  corner  or  angle  of  the 
eye.  The  greater  canthus  is  the  inner  angle, 
Hircus,  Hir'quus,  Rhauter ;  the  lesser  canthus, 
the  outer  angle,  TParop'ia,  Pega. 

CANTIA'NUS  PULVIS, 'Kent  Powder.'  A 
cordial  powder,  known  under  the  name  'Countess 
of  Kent's  Powder,'  composed  of  coral,  amber, 
crabs'  eyes,  prepared  pearls,  &c.  It  was  given 
in  cancer. 

CANTrON,  Candi. 

CAN'ULA,  Cau'nula,  Au'liscus,  Aulas.  Di- 
minutive of  Canna,  'a  reed;'  Tu'bulus,  (F.)  Co- 
nnie ou  Cannule.  A  small  tube  of  gold,  silver, 
platinum,  iron,  lead,  wood,  elastic  gum,  or  gutta 
percha,  used  for  various  purposes  in  surgery. 

CA'OUTCHOUC.  The  Indian  name  for  In- 
diun  Rubber,  Elas'tic  Gum,  Gum  Elastic,  Gnmmi 
elas'ticum,  Cauchuc,  Resi' '  na  elas'tica  seu  Cay  en - 
nen'sis,  Cayenne  Resin,  Cautchuc,  (F.J  Gomme 
elastique,  Resine  elastique  ou  de  Cayenne.  A 
substance  formed  from  the  milky  juice  of  Hce'vea 
seu  Hevea  Guianen'sis,  Jat'ropha  elas'tica,  Si- 
pho'nia  Cahuchu,  S.  elas'tica,  Seringue  Tree,  and 
of  Fious  Indica,  and  Artocar'pus  integrifo'lia  : — 
South  American  trees.  It  is  insoluble  in  water 
and  alcohol;  but  boiling  water  softens  and  swells 
it.  It  is  soluble  in  the  essential  oils  and  in  ether, 
when  it  may  be  blown  into  bladders.  It  is  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  catheters,  bougies,  pessaries, 
&c. 

CAP,  PITCH,  see  Depilatory. 

CAPACITY,  LUNG,  see  Vital  Capacity  — c. 
Pulmonic,  see  Vital  Capacity. 

CAPA-ISIAKKA,  Brome'lia  ananas. 

CAPBERN,  WATERS  OF.  Capbern  is  in 
the  department  Hautes-Pyrenees,  France.  The 
waters  contain  sulphates  and  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium.  Tem- 
perature, 75°  Fahrenheit.     They  are  purgative. 


CAPE LET 


1  6  5 


CATSICUM 


C  APPLET.  Mvrtu?  earophyllata. 
CAPELI'NA,    Cap,  Ut  tpeline.     A 

-  If.it.  in  French;  Capia'trum,  from  ea/ntf, 
.\  tori  of  bandage,  whieh,  in  shape,  re- 
sembles *  riding-hood.     There  are  several  kinds 
— 1.  That  of  the  bead,  C.  dt  la  ttte, 
i  eapitu'lie,    See  Bonnet  a?  Hippoerate.     ('. 
,,f  ih-  clavicle,  employed  in  fractures  of  the  acro- 
mion, clavicle,  and  Bpine  of  the  scapula.    0.  of  an 
•  '.'I  limb — the   bandage  applied  round  the 
stomp. 

PELLINA,  Capelina. 
CAPER  BUSH,  Capparis  spinosa, 
CAPER  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
CA  •'  ■   ipparis  spinosa. 

<  .\  PE  lis,  [mperforation. 
C  IPHORA,  Camphor. 
(  APHURA,  Camphor. 

C  [PIL  L  A  1  R  E,  Capillary,  see  Adiantum 
oapillu8  veneris  —  c  du  Canada,  Adiantum  pe- 
datnm — c.  de  Montpellier,  Adiantum  oapillus 
veneris. 

CAPILL  LMEN'TUM,  from  capiUue,  'a  hair.' 
'  'iiim.     Tricho'ma,    Trichoma' tion.      Any 

or  hairy  covering.     Also,  a  small  fibre  or 
fibril. 

CAPILLARY,  Cupilla'rie,  CapiUa'eeue,  from 
enpiUua,  'a  hair.'  (F.)  CapiUaire*  Hair-like; 
small. 

Cap'iixary   Vkssei.s.    Va«a  eapUla'ria,   Mi- 

erangi'a,  Trichangi'a,  (F.)  Vaiteeaux  eapillaires, 

Capillicvlee,  are  the  extreme  radieles  of  the  ar- 

n:d   veins,  which   together  constitute   the 

capillary,    intermediate,   or  peripheral    vascular 

— ■  the  metha'mata  or  meth&matou*  blood- 

ohannels  of  I>r.  Marshall  Hall.     They  possess  an 

action  distinct  from  that  of  the  heart,  but  not  one 

of  rhythmic  contraction  and  dilatation.   Formerly, 

it  was  conceived  that  white  vessels — Vasa  sero'sa 

—  or  vessels  BO  minute  as  not  to  admit  red  cor- 

-,  were  distributed  to  the  tissues  which  do 

ii •  > t  receive  red  blood. 

CAPILLATIO,  Triehismus. 
CAPILLATUS,  [mpuber. 
CAPILL1CULES,  Capillary  vesse.s. 
CAPILLITIUM,    Capillamentum,    Entropion, 
Scalp. 

CAPILLORUM  DBFLUVIUM,  Alopecia. 
CAPIL'LDS,  quasi  Oapitie  Pihu,  Coma,  Chcete, 
Crinit,  Pilot,  Thrix,  Caea'rieo,  (F.)  Cheveu. 
This  term  is  generally  applied  to  the  hair  of  the 
head,  I'iH  SOU  //"nor  eap'itit,  the  characters  of 
which  rary  according  to  tares,  individuals,  &c. 
Hairs  arise  in  the  areolar  membrane,  where  the 
bulb  is  placed,  and  are  composed  of  two  parts — 
sternal,  transparent,  and  of  an  epidermoid 
oharacter;  the  other,  internal  and  rat  generie, 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  some,  communicates  to 
them  their  colour.  The  hair  is  insensible,  and 
grows  from  the  root. 

mis  Vbnbbis,  Adiantum  oapillus  veneris 
— c.  v.  Canadensis,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

CAPIPLE'NIUM,  CapitipWnium,  from  caput, 
'the  load,'  &nd plenum,  'full.'  A  word  employed 
with  different  significations.  A  variety  of  catarrh. 
—  Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder  in  the 
iommon  at  Rome,  like  the  Kapnfiapiat  Care- 
baria,  of  the  Greeks.—  Baglivi. 

OAPISTRATIO,  Phin 
•   CAPISTRUM,  CapeUne,  Cheveatre,  Trismus— 
c.  Auri,  Borax. 

Capib'tbum,  Phimoa,  Cemoa,  kvhos,  'a  halter.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  Several  bandages 
for  the  bead.     Bee  Cap*  line,  Che* 

CAPITAL1A  BEMEDIA,  Cephalic  remedies. 
CAPITALIS,  Cephalic. 
CAPITELLUM,  Alembic,  sec  Caput 
0AP1TEUX,  Heady. 


CAPTTILC'VI  I'M.  from  caput,  'the  head,'  and 
lar, ;/•-.  •  to  wash.'      A  hath  for  the  head. 

CAPITIPLENIUM,  Capiplenium. 

CAPITIP1  RGIA,  Caput  purgia. 

CAPITIT'RAHA,  from  caput,  'the  head,' and 
trahcrc,  'to  draw.'      I  nstniinetits  which,  like  the 
.  draw   down   the   head  of  the  foetus  when 
impacted  in  the  pelvis. 

CAPITO'NES,  from  caput,  *  the  head.'  Macro- 
ceph'ali,  Proceph'ali.  Foetuses  whose  leads  are 
bo  large  as  to  render  labour  difficult.  The  con- 
dition is  called  Maerocepha'lia. 

CAPITDLUM,  Alembic,  Condyle,  see  Caput 
— e.  CostSB,  see  Costa — c.  Laryngis,  Cornieulum 
laryngis  —  c  Martis,  Eryngium  campestre  —  c. 
Santorini,  Corniculum  laryngis. 

CAPITULUVIUM,  Bath  (head). 

CAPNISMOS,  Fumigation. 

CAPNITIS.  Tutia. 

CAPN0IDE8  CAVA.  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNORCHIS,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNOS,  Fumaria. 

CAPON,  Cagot. 

CAPON  SPRINGS.  A  pleasant  summer  re- 
treat, situated  in  a  gorge  of  the  North  Mountain, 
in  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  2'A  miles  W.  of  Winchester. 
The  waters  in  the  vicinity  are  sulphurous  and 
chalybeate  j  —  those  at  the  springs  alkaline  and 
diuretic. 

CAPOT,  Cagot. 

CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'parie,  Cappar, 
Oa'pria,  Prickly  Caper  />ux/t,  \  F. )  Cdprier,  Ord. 
Capparidese.  Sex.  Si/st.  Polyandria  Monogynia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  and  the  buds  have  been  es- 
teemed astringent  and  diuretic.  The  buds  are  a 
well-known  pickle — Capers,  (F.)  Cdpres. 

Capparis  Baduc'ca,  Baduk'ka.  A  species  of 
caper,  cultivated  in  India  on  account  of  the  beauty 
of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  a  liniment  with 
its  juice,  with  which  they  rub  pained  parts.  The 
flowers  are  purgative. 

OAPPONE,  WATERS  OF.  At  Cappone,  in  the 
isle  of  Ischia,  are  waters  containing  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
Temp.  100°  Fahr. 

CAPREOLA'RIS,  from  capreolus,  <a  tendril.' 
Cisso'i'dea,  Elico'i'des,  (F.)  Caproolaire.    Twisted. 

Capbboxa'bia  Vasa.  Some  have  called  thus 
the  spermatic  arteries  and  veins,  on  account  of 
their  numerous  contortions. 

CAPREOLUS,  Helix. 

CAPRES,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIA,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRICORNUS,  Plumbum. 

CARRIER,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIFOLIA,  Lonicera  pcriclymenum. 

CAPRIFOLIUM  DISTINCTUM,  Lonicera  pe- 
riclymenum — c.  Pcriclymenum,  Lonicera  pcricly- 
menum— cSempervivens,  Lonioerasempervivens, 
— c.  Bylvatioum,  Lonicera  perielymenum. 

CAPRILOQUIUM,  Egophony. 

CAPRIZANS  PULSUS,  see  Pulse,  caprizant. 

CAPSA,  lioite,  Capsule,  Case — c.  Cordis,  Peri- 
cardium. 

CAPSARIUM,  BoUier. 

CAP6ELLA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

CAPSICUM,  see  Capsicum  annuum. 

Cap'bioum  An'ni  i  m.  C.  Hiapan'ieum,  from 
K<i-ru>.  '  I  bite.'  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant 
whence,  in  part,  Cayenne  Popper  is  obtained, — 
Piper  [n'dicum  sen  Hiepan'icum  sen  Braxilia'- 
u  a  in  sen  Ouineen'ai  Ben  Calecu'tieum  sen  Twr'ci- 
iu/,1  sen  Lueitan'ieum,  Sola'num  went,  Siliauaer- 
inim  Plin'ii,  Cayenne  or  Guinea  <>r  OhiUi Pepper, 
Garden  Ginger,  j  F.)  Ptment,  Poion  of  bide,  Poiorn 
dt  Quinie,  Corail  dee  Jardina.  Order,  Solanesa. 
The  pungent,  aromatic  properties  of  Baooal  Cap. 


CAPSIQUE 


166 


CAR ANN A 


sici,  Cap'sicum  Berries,  Capsicum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
yielded  to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  They  are 
highly  stimulant  and  rubefacient,  and  are  used  as 
a  condiment.  Their  active  principle  is  called 
Capsiein. 

Capsicum  Hispanicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPS 'QUE,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPSULA,  Boitier —  c.  Articularis,  Capsular 
ligament — c.  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  c.  Dentis, 
Dental  follicle  —  c.  Humoris  aquei,  see  Aqueous 
humour  of  the  eye — c.  Lentis,  see  Crystalline — c. 
Nervorum,  Neurilemma  —  c.  Sequestralis,  see 
Sequestrum. 

CAPSULiE    SEMINALES,  Vesiculse  S.  —  c. 
Syr o vial ea,  Bursa?  mucosas. 
"  CAPSULA  IRE,  Capsular. 

CAP'SULAR,  Caps ula' rie,  (F.)  Capsulaire. 
Relating  to  a  capsula  or  capsule. 

Capsular  Arteries,  Suprare'nal  Arteries  and 
Veins.  Vessels  belonging  to  the  suprarenal  cap- 
sules. They  are  divided  into  superior,  middle, 
and  inferior.  The  first  proceed  from  the  inferior 
phrenic,  the  second  from  the  aorta,  and  the  third 
from  the  renal  artery  The  corresponding  veins 
enter  the  phrenic,  vena  cava,  and  renal. 

Capsular  Cataract,  see  Cataract. 

Capsular  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  capsida're, 
Cap'sula  articida'ris,  Artic'ular  or  Fibrous  cap- 
sule, (F.)  Ligament  capsulaire,  Capsule  articu- 
laire,  Capsule  fibreux,  &c.  Membranous,  fibrous, 
and  elastic  bags  or  capsules,  of  a  whitish  consist- 
ence, thick,  and  resisting,  which  surround  joints. 

CAPSULE,  Cap'sula,  Capsa,  a  box,  or  case, 
(F.)  Capsule.  This  name  has  been  given,  by  ana- 
tomists, to  parts  bearing  no  analogy  to  each  other. 

Capsule,  Bowman's,  see  Kidney — c.  Cellular, 
of  the  Eye,  see  Eye — c.  Fibrous,  Capsular  liga- 
ment. 

Capsule,  Gelat'inous,  Cap'sula  gelat'inee, 
(F.)  Capsule  gelatineuse,  Capsule  of  gelatin.  A 
modern  invention  by  which  copaiba  and  other 
disagreeable  oils  can  be  enveloped  in  gelatin  so 
as  to  conceal  their  taste. 

Capsule  of  Glisson,  Cap'sula  Glisso'xit  seu 
cornmu'nis  Glisso'nh,  Yagi'na  Partes,  V.  GliS- 
So'nii.  A  sort  of  membrane,  described  by  Glis- 
son, which  is  nothing  more  than  dense  areolar 
membrane  surrounding  the  vena  porta  and  its 
ramifications  in  the  liver. 

Capsule  of  the  Heart,  Pericardium — c.  Ocu- 
lar, see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Renal,  Suprare'nal  or  Atrabil'- 
iary  C ,  Renal  Gland.  Glan'dula  suprarena'lis, 
Cap'sula  rena'lis  seu  suprarena'lis  seu  atrabilia'- 
r*8,  Ren  snecenturia'tus,  Nephrid'ium,  (F.)  Cap- 
sule surrenale  ou  atrabiliaire.  A  flat  triangular 
body,  which  covers  the  upper  part  of  the  kidney, 
as  with  a  helmet.  A  hollow  cavity  in  the  interior 
contains  a  brown,  reddish  or  yellowish  fluid.  The 
renal  capsules  were  long  supposed  to  be  the  secre- 
tory organs  of  the  fancied  atrabilis.  They  are 
much  larger  in  the  foetus  than  in  the  adult. 
They  are  probably  concerned  in  lymphosis. 

A  singular  condition  of  cachexia,  the  leading 
characteristics  of  which  are  anaemia,  general  lan- 
guor and  debility;  remarkable  feebleness  of  the 
heart's  action  ;  irritability  of  the  stomach,  and  a 
peculiar  bronzed  skin,  was  first  described  by  Dr. 
Thos.  Addison,  of  London,  as  connected  with  a 
diseased  condition  of  the  supra-renal  capsules. 
It  has  been  proposed  to  call  it  the  Disease  of  Ad- 
dison. (F.)  Maladie  d"  Addison. 

Capsule,  Sem'inal,  Cap'sula  semina'lis.  Bar- 
tholine  thus  designates  the  extremity  of  the  vas 
deferens,  which  is  sensibly  dilated  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  vesiculae  seminales.  Some  anatomists  ap- 
ply this  name  to  the  vesieulas  themselves. 

Capsule,  Syno'vial,  Capsula  Synovia'lis.    A 


membranous  bag.  surrounding  the  movable  arti- 
culations and  canals,  which  gives  passage  to  ten- 
dons. Synovial  capsules  exhale,  from  their  arti- 
cular surface,  a  fluid,  whose  function  is  to  favour 
the  motions  of  parts  upon  each  other.  See  Bursa 
mucosa,  and  Synovia. 

CAPSULE'  SURRENALE  ou  ATRABI- 
LIARE,  Capsule,  renal. 

CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAP UC HON,  Trapezius. 

CAPUCINE,  Tropasolum  majus. 

CAPULIES,  Prunus  capulin. 

CAPULUS,  Scrotum. 

CAPUT,  '  the  head.'  Also,  the  top  of  a  bone 
or  other  part,  (F.)  Tete.  The  head  of  small 
bones  is  sometimes  termed  capit/ulum,capitell'um, 
cephalid'ium,  ccph'alis,  cephal' ium.  Also,  the 
glans  penis. 

Caput  Asperse  Arteri.e,  Larynx  —  c.  Coli, 
Caecum — c.  Gallinaceum,  see  Gallinaginis  caput 
— c.  Gallinaginis,  see  Gallinaginis  caput — c.  Ge- 
nitale,  Glans — c.  Lubricum,  Penis— c.  Major,  see 
Epididymis  —  c.  Minor,  see  Epididymis  —  c.  Mo- 
nachi,  Leontodon  Taraxacum — c.  Obstipum,  Tor- 
ticollis— c.  Penis,  Glans. 

Caput  Pur'gia,  Capitipnr'gia.  Remedies, 
which  the  ancients  regarded  as  proper  for  purg- 
ing the  head  : — errhines,  sternutatories,  apophleg- 
matisantia,  &e.  Prosper  Alpinus  makes  the  caput 
pnrgio  to  be  the  same  as  errhines  ;  and  the  npo- 
phlegmatismi  the  same  as  the  inastica*ories  of 
the  moderns. 

Caput  Scapulae,  Acromion. 

Caput  Succepa'neum.  A  term  sometime?  used 
for  the  tumefied  scalp,  which  first  presents  in 
certain  cases  of  labour. 

Caput  Testis,  Epididymis. 

CA  Q  UE-SANG  UE,  Cague-sangue.  Old  Fren  eh 
words  which  signifyaBfoorfy  evacuations,  (F.)  De- 
jections sanguinoloites.  They  come  from  caeare, 
'to  go  to  stool,'  and  sanguis,  'blood.'  Under 
this  term  was  comprehended  every  affection  in 
which  blood  is  discharged  from  the  bowels. 

CARA  SCHULLI,  Frutex  In'dicus  spino'sus, 
Barle'ria  bu.rifo'lia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  is  maturative«and  resol- 
vent. The  decoction  of  its  root  is  used,  in  the 
country,  in  ischuria. 

CARABAC'CIUM.  An  aromatic  wood  of  In- 
dia, of  a  yellowish  colour,  and  a  smell  like  that 
of  the  clove.  Its  decoction  and  infusion  are 
given  as  stomachics  and  antiscorbutics. 

CAR'ABUS.  A  genus  of  coleopterous  insects. 
Two  species,  the  ehrysoceph'alus  and  ferrugin'eus 
have  been  recommended  for  the  toothach.  They 
must  be  pressed  between  the  fingers,  and  then 
rubbed  on  the  gum  and  tooth  affected. 
CARACTERE,  Character,  Symbol. 
CARAGNA.  Caranna. 

CARAMATA,  Arumari.  A  tree  in  the  inland 
parts  of  Pomeroon.  It  furnishes  a  febrifuge  bark, 
which  Dr.  Hancock  says  may  be  used  in  typhoid 
and  remittent  fevers  where  cinchona  is  either 
useless  or  pernicious. 

CARAMBOLO,  Averrhoa  carambola. 
CARAMEL,  Sac'charum  prrcoc'tum  seu  tos- 
tum.  Sugar  subjected  to  the  action  of  heat,  until 
it  is  partly  decomposed,  deliquescent,  of  a  brown 
colour,  and  a  strong,  agreeable  and  empyreumatic 
odour. 

CARAN'NA,  Caragna,  Tacamalia'ca,  Caragna, 
Caran'nai  Gummi,  G.  Brel'isis,  Gum  Caran'naf 
(F.)  Caragne,  Gomme  Caragne  ou  Carane.  A 
gum-resinous  substance,  which  flows  from  a  large 
tree  in  New  Spain,  and  is  obtained  from  South 
America  in  impure  masses.  It  preserves  its  soft- 
ness for  a  long  time,  has  an  aromatic  smell,  and 
a  slightly  acid  and  bitter  taste.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  a  vulnerary  and  in  plasters. 


CAR  A  W A  Y 


167 


CARCINOMA 


CAR  \W.\Y,  Carom. 

\\v  w  SBEDS,  sec  faruin. 
BASA,  Linteum. 
c  \  RB  V.SUS,  Linn  urn. 

(  IRBO,  Carbon,  1'.  Carbon*.  An  elemen- 
tarv  body,  extensively  distributed  in  nature:  but 
of  which  the  two  following  forma  are  officinal  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  Doited  States,  also, 
a  eoali  charooaL 

c  x  i :  it  i  Liein,   '  Ckarbon,     Freeh 

Charcoal  i-  antiseptic.     It  isused  to  improve  the 

.  <•  organa  in   rases  of  worms,  dyspepsia, 

is  a  cataplasm    t<>   gangrenoua    and    fetid 

tin<  a.  a  c,  and  forma  a  good  tooth-] 

■  jr.  x  to  J5j.     Also,  Anthrax. 

i   Amm  v'i  \<.  '  .         —.   Anil, ml  charcoal, 
arbon  animal,  usually  prepared  by  suh- 
jecting  bonea  to  a  red  heat  in  close  vessels.     The 
result  is  Bone  black,  commonly  oalled  Ivory  black. 
|  r.     A'-//-  animal  on  </'<>*.     It  ia  given   in   the 
i-  Car  bo  I.  i'/n  i,  ami  has  been  extolled 
3  to  gr.  iij. 
The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  Stat 
tains  a   formula    for  the   preparation   <>f  Carbo 
Amm  Ci.i>   Pi  rifica'tob,  Purified  anitnai  char- 
Baal  (Carbon,  animal.   ibj :    Acid  muriaU, 
ua  fzxij).      Pour  the  muriatic  acid,  previously 
mixed  with  the  water,  gradually  upon  the  char- 
Coal,  ami    digest  with  a  gentle   heat  lor  two  (lays, 
nal'iv  stirring  the    mixture.      Saving  al- 
lowed the  undissolved   portion  to  subside,  pour 
off  the  Bupernatant  liquor,  wash  the  charcoal  fre- 
quently with  water  until  it  is  entirely  free  from 
acid,  ami  lastly  dry  it. 

•  -'sn.is,  Litlianthrax,  Stone  coal. 
<'  \::n  i  Hi  ma'.m  m.     The  human  excrement. — 
I  Laos. 

;  i  Lh;m,  Carbo  —  o.  Mineralis,  Qraphitea 
—  a.  Palpebrarum,  Anthraooais — c.  Spongiae, 
B] 

C  LRBON,  Carbo — c.  Sesqui-iodide  of,  Carbonis 
sesqui-iodidum — c  Bisulphuret  of,  Carbonia  -ul- 
phuretum — c  Sesquichloride  of,  Carbonis  trichlo- 
ridum — o.  Sulphide  of,  Carbonia  Bulphuretum — c. 
Bolpburet  of,  Carbonia  Bulphuretum — c.  Terchlo- 
ride  of.  Carbonis  trichloridum,  see  Chloroform. 
CAR'BONAS  or  CARBONAS.  h  carbonate, 
irbonatc.  A  salt,  formed  by  the  combina- 
tion of  carbonic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

('  irbos  \^  N  at  it  i<  i  m.  Sodaa  oarbonaa — o.  Plurn- 
bico8,  Plumbi  aubcarbonas. 

CARBONATE  PAMMONIAQUE,  Ammo- 
nia- carbonas. 

CAR'BONATBD,  Carbona'tue,  Aera'tu*.  (F.) 
Oarboni,  A  •  '.  That  which  is  impregnated  with 
carbonic  arid. 

CARBONS,  Carbon— c  Tricklorur*  de,  Car- 
bonis trichloridum. 

CARBONS',  Carbonated. 

CARBONKUM  I  HLORATUM,  Chloroform. 

<  ARBON'IC    ACID,    Ac"tdu»i    Carbon'ieum, 

f   //"/<••,   Factitious  or   Fixed   Air, 

I  m'ceoue  or  Calca'reoui  or  Airial  or  Mephit'- 

l,   Mephifie  Air,  Spir'ittu   letka'lie,   (P.) 

Carbonique.     This  gas,  which  neither  sup- 

i  respiration    nor   combustion,  is  not   often 

n  i lioine.     It  ia  the  main  agent  in  effer- 

.  fermenting  poull 

upying  the  lower  parts  of  mines 

—  when  it  ia  called  the  choke  >/<n,if,  —  cavern-, 

tombs,  wells,  brewers'  vats,  Ac.  and  not  nnfre- 

j    baa    been    tbe    cause   of  death.      Lime 

thrown  into  such  places  soon  abaorba  tDC  acid. 

CAR]  SQDICHL0RID1  M,  Carbonia 

loridum. 
CARBO'NIS  SESQUI-IOD'IDUM,  0.   - 

Seequi-Podide  or  Seequi- lod' urtt  of 

made  l>y  mixing  concentrated 

alcoholic  solutions  of  iodine   and  potassa,  until 


the  former  loses  its  colour  ;  a  solution  is  obtained 
from  which  water  throws  down  a  yellow  precipi- 
tate—  the  sesqui-iodide  of  oarboa.     It  hai 

BBCd  in  enlarged  glands  and  in  some  cutaneous 
affections,  applied  externally,  (.Jss  to  :jvj  of 
cerate).      See  Iodoform. 

Carbo'his  >t  i.i-iit  hk'tim.  Sulph'uri*  Carbu. 
re' turn,  Sulphure'tnm  sen  Sul'/idum  Carbo'nii, 
Carbo'nium  Sulphura'tum,  Al'cohol  Sul'phuri*, 
Bieu/phure'tum  Carbo'nii,  Sulphuret,  Sulphide  or 
Bienlphuret  of  Carbon,  Carburet  Iff  Sulphur,  i  F.) 
Stiff  are  de  <  arbone,Carbure  de  Sou/rt , 
burf,  Alcool  de  Sou/,'-.  This  transparent,  colour- 
less fluid,  which  baa  a  very  penetrating,  disa- 
greeable  odour,  and   a   taste  which   is   < ling  at 

firat,  but  afterwarda  acrid  ami  Bomewbat  aroma- 
tic, i,s  u  diffusible  excitant.  It  is  diaphoretic, 
diuretic,  and  has  been  said  to  have  pi'" 
menagogne.  It  ia  also  need  in  nervoue  diseasea 
a-  an  antispasmo  lie.  Dose,  one  drop  to  four, 
repeated  frequently. 

It  is  used  externally,  where  a  cooling  influence 

ha-  to  he  rapidly  exerted,  and    has    been    inhaled 

as  an  anaesthetic. 

CARBO'NIS  TRICBXO'RIDUM,  0.  Seequi-chlo'ri- 
(fiim.  Terchloride  or  Seequichloride  <>/'  Carbon, 
i  F. )  Trichlorure  on  Seequichlrtrure de  Carbone,  ia 
formed  by  the  action  of  Chlorine  <>n  Chlorohy- 
dric  ether,  under  the  influence  of  sun -light.  It  has 
been  given  in  cholera,  ami  applied  to  correct  the 
fetor  of  foul  ulcers.     Dose,  four  grain 8  or  more. 

CARBONIUM  BULPHURATUM,  Carbonis 
Bulphuretum. 

CARBUNCLE,  Anthrax. 

Carbuncle,  Fohgous,  Terminthns. 

Cakbinci.r  of  tiii.  TnM.i  k,  Glossantbrax — c. 
Berry,  Terminthns. 

CARBUNCLED  PACE,  Gotta  rosea, 

CARBUNCULAB  EXANTHEM,  Antbracia. 

CARBUNCULATIO  OCULI,  Blepharanthra- 
cosis. 

CARBUNCTJLUS,  Anthrax  —  e.  Anginosna, 
Cynanche  maligna — o.  Contagiosns,  Bee  Anthrax 
'!  — c.  Gallicus,  see  Anthrax  —  e.  Hungarians,  Bee 
Anthrax — c.  Lahiorum  et  genarum,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticua — c  Polonicns,  see  Anthrax — e.  Pulmonum, 
Necropneomonia — <■.  Beptentrionalis,see  Anthrax. 

I  \  RBI  N'i  ii  B  H  i  Bl'HI  &  A  red,  shining,  ami 
transparent  .-tone,  from  the  [ale  of  Ceylon:  for- 
merly employed  in  ux  dicine  as  a  preservative 
against  Beveral  poisons,  the  plague,  Ave. 

Carbuhoolus  Ulcusculosus,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

CARBURE  DE  SOUFBE,  Carbonis  Bulphu- 

retuiu. 

CAR'CAROS,  from  KapK'upw,  'I  resound,'  'I 
tremble.'  A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  lias  a 
general  tremor,  accompanied  with  an  unceasing 
noise  in  the  ears. 

CARCINODE8,  Cancroid,  Chancreuee. 

C  MM  IINOIDES,  "'aneroid. 

CARCINO'MA,  Karkin&ma,  Oaneero'ma,  (y/n>- 
cro'ma,  from  napKivep,  'a  crab.'  Son,,'  authors 
have  thus  called  indolent  tumours  different  from 
cancer;  others,  incipient  cancer;  and  others, 
again,  the  apooies  of  cancer  in  which  tbe 
structure  assumes  the  appearance  of  cerebral  .-ui>- 
stance;  bat  tbe  majority  of  authors  use  Carcino- 
ma in  th,  same  sense  a-  Cancer. 

Caroikoma  Alvbolarb,  Colloid— c.  Epitbeli- 
Epithelial  Cancer  —  c.  Pibrosum,  Bcirrhua 

—  e.  Ibeinatodes,    Ihematodes  fuBgUB — C.    I !  1 1  <  •  -  J  i  - 

Dorum,  ESnteropatbia  sanoerosa — o.  LingusB,  Qlos- 
Bocaroinoma — o.  of  the  Liver,  Hepatoscirrhoa — c. 
Medullare,   Encepbaloid  —  <•.  sfelanodes,  Cancer, 

melanotic — <•.  lielanoticum,  Cancer,  melanotic — ■ 
c.  Simplex,  Bcirrhua  —  <•.  Bpongiosura,  Bncepha- 
loiii,  Hsematodoa  fungus — o.  Scroti.  Cancer,  chim- 
ney-sweepers'— c.  Uteri,  Metrocarcinoma,  .Metro- 


CARCINOMATOUS 


1G8 


CARDIECTASIS 


scirrhus — c.  Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus  ;  see  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica. 

CARCINOMATOUS,  Careinomato'sua,  (F.) 
Careinomateux.     Relating  to  Carcinoma. 

CA  RGINOME  MO  U  ET  SP0NG1EUX,  En- 
cephaloid—  c.  Sanglant,  Encephaloid,  Haeina- 
todes  fungus. 

CARCINOS,  Cancer. 

CARCINO'SES,  (G.)  Karcinosen,  from  Kap- 
kivos,  '  a  crab.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs ;  which  embraces 
the  different  forms  of  Cancer. 

CARCINOSUS,  Cancerous. 

CARCINUS,  SPONGIOSUS,  Encephaloid. 

CARDAMANTICA,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Le- 
pidium  Iberis. 

CARDAMINDUM  MAJUS,  Tropseolum 
majus. 

CARDAMINE  FONTANA,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium— c.  Nasturtium,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

Cardami'ne  Praten'sis,  Cardami'ne,  Carda- 
man'tica,  Nastur'tium  Aquat'icum,  Car'damon, 
ddi  fios,  Tbe'ris  soph'ia,  Nastur'tium  praten'se, 
Ladies-smock,  Cuckoo-flower,  Common  Bitter 
Cress,  Meadoio  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  elegant  ou  des 
pres,  Passerage  sauvage.  Ord.  Cruciferee.  The 
flowers  have  been  considered  useful  as  antispas- 
modics, in  the  dose  of  gj.  to  ^ij.  They  are  pro- 
bably inert. 

CARDAMOM,  Cardamo'mum  (F.)  Cardamome. 
The  name  of  the  fruit  of  various  species  of 
Amomum  and  Elettaria,  respecting  the  botanical 
history  of  which  there  has  been  much  confusion. 

Cardamom,  Bengal,  Amomum  maximum — c. 
Cluster,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c.  Greater, 
Amomum  Grana  Paradisi —  c.  Java,  Amomum 
maximum  —  c.  Lesser,  Amomum  cardamomum — 
c.  Nepal,  Amomum  maximum — c.  Round,  Amo- 
mum cardamomum. 

CARDAMOME,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
de  la  Cote  de  Malabar,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum  grana 
paradisi  —  c.  Minus,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
Piperatum,  Amomum  grana  paradisi — c.  Rotun- 
dum,  Amomum  cardamomum — c.  Wild,  Fagaras- 
trum  Capense. 

CARDAMON,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CARDAMUM  MAJUS,  Tropaeolum  majus. 

CARDERE,  Dipsacus  sylvestris — c.  Cultivi, 
Dipsacus  fullonum. 

CARDIA,  Kapha,  'the  heart.'  Stom'achus, 
Orific"ium  sinis'trum  seu  Ingres'sus  supe' rior 
sen  Ostium  oesophage' 'um  ventric'uli.  The  supe- 
rior or  oesophageal  orifice  of  the  stomach.  Also, 
the  Heart. 

GAR'DIAC,  Cardi'acus,  from  Kapha,  'the 
heart ;'  or  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.  (F.) 
Cardiaque.  Relating  to  the  heart,  Carditic, 
Car'dial,  (F.)  Cardiaire,  Carditique, —  or  to  the 
upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.     A  cordial. 

Cardiac  Ar'teries,  Cor'onary  arteries,  (F.) 
Arteres  cardiaques  ou  coronaires,  are  two  in 
number.  They  arise  from  'the  aorta,  a  little  above 
the  free  edge  of  the  sigmoid  valves,  and  are  dis- 
tributed on  both  surfaces  of  the  heart. 

Car'diac  Gan'glion,  Gan'glion  cardi'acum, 
situated  beneath  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  to  the 
right  side  of  the  ligament  of  the  ductus  arteriosus. 
It  receives  the  superior  cardiac  nerves  of  opposite 
sides  of  the  neck,  and  a  branch  from  the  pneu- 
mogastric,  and  gives  off  numerous  branches  to 
the  cardiac  plexuses. 

Cardiac  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  cardiaques.  These 
are  commonly  three  on  each  side;  a  superior, 
middle,  and  inferior,  which  are  furnished  by  cor- 
responding cervical  ganglia.  Commonly,  there 
are  but  two  on  the  left  side ;  the  upper  and  mid- 
dle, which  draw  their  origin  from  the  last  two 
cervical   ganglia.     Scarpa   calls   the   superior — 


Cardi'acus  super -ficia 'lis  ;  the  middle — C.  profun- 
dus seu  magnuH  ;  and  the  inferior — C.  parvM 
seu  minor.  There  are,  besides,  Cardiac  jil'aments, 
(F.)  Filets  cardiaques,  furnished  by  the  par  va- 
gum  or  pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which  become 
confounded  with  the  above. 

Cardiac  Plexus,  Plexus  cardi'acus.  There 
are  three  cardiac  plexuses.  1.  The  great  cardiac 
plexus  is  situated  upon  the  bifurcation  of  the  tra- 
chea. It  is  formed  by  the  convergence  of 
the  middle  and  inferior  cardiac  nerves  ;  and  by 
branches  from  the  pneumogastric,  descendens 
noni,  and  first  thoracic  ganglion.  2.  The  anterior 
cardiac  plexus  is  situated  in  front  of  the  ascend- 
ing aorta  near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  fila- 
ments from  the  superior  cardiac  nerves ;  from 
the  cardiac  ganglion  ;  and  from  the  great  cardiac 
plexus.  Filaments  from  this  plexus  ac-company 
the  left  coronary  artery,  and  form  the  anterior 
coronary  plexus.  3.  The  p>osterior  cardiac  plexus 
is  seated  upon  the  posterior  part  of  the  ascending 
aorta  near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  numerous 
branches  from  the  great  cardiac  plexus.  It 
divides  into  two  sets  of  branches,  which  together 
constitute  the  posterior  coronary  plexus. 

CARDIAC  Veins,  Coronary  Veins,  (F.)  Veinea 
Cardiaques,  are  commonly  four  in  number ;  two 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  They  open  into  the 
right  auricle  by  one  orifice,  which  is  furnished 
with  a  valve,  and  is  called,  by  Portal,  Sinus  coro- 
naire  du  Coeur. 

CARDIACA  CRISPA,  Leonurus  cardiaca  — 
c.  Passio,  Cardialgia  —  c.  Trilobata,  Leonurus 
cardiaca  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 

CARDIACUS,  Cordial,  Stomachal. 

CARDIAGMUS,  Cardialgia. 

CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio  arthrit'ica  cordis; 
from  Kapha,  'the  heart,'  and  aypa,  'seizure.' 
Gout  of  the  heart,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'jyhia,  from 
Kapha,  'the  heart,'  and  ypatyn,  'a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAIRE,  see  Cardiac. 

CARDIAL,  see  Cardiac. 

CARDIAL' GIA,  Cardi'aca  Passio,  Col'ica 
Ventric'uli,  Spasmus  Ventric'uli,  Perodyn'ia, 
Cordo'lium,  Cardilce'a,  Dys])epsodyn'ia,  Dyxpep- 
siodyn'ia,  Dyspeptodyn'ia,  Peratodyn'ia,  Car- 
diod'yne,  Gastrodyn'ia,  Gastral'gia,  G aster al' gia, 
GastrocoVia,  Gastrod'yne,  Pas'sio  Cardi'aca, 
Stomachal' gia,  Stomacal'gia,  Cardi'acus  Morbus, 
Cardiog'mus,  Cardial' gy  ;  from  Knphia,  '  the  car- 
diac orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.' 
Pain  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Douleur  de  V Estomac, 
D.  nevralgique  de  V Estomac.  Also,  Heartburn, 
(F.)  Cardialgie,  Ardeur  d'Estomac,  A.  du  Cceur. 
Impaired  appetite,  with  gnawing  or  burning  pain 
in  the  stomach  or  epigastrium, — Morsus  seu  ardor 
ventric'uli,  Morsus  stom'achi,  Soda,  Limo'sis  car- 
dial'gia  mordens,  Rosio  Stom'achi  seu  Ventric'- 
uli :  —  a  symptom  of  dyspepsia. 

Cardialgia  Inflammatoria,  Gastritis  —  c. 
Sputatoria.  Pyrosis. 

CARDIALOG'TA,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  heart. 

CARDIAN  A  STROPHE,  Ectopia  cordis. 

CARDIARCTIE,  Heart,  concentric  hypertro- 
phy of  the.  Contraction  of  the  cavities  of  the 
heart. 

CARDIA'RIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name 
given  to  a  worm,  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
heart  or  pericardium. 

CARDIATOM'IA,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart/ 
and  TEfjtvziv,  'to  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  heart. 

CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

CARDIAUXE,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CARDIECTASIS,  Dilatation  of  the  heart,  see 
Aneurism  of  the  heart  —  c.  Partialis,  Aneurism 
of  the  heart. 


CARDIELCOSIS 


1  G9 


CARIES 


CARDIELCOSIS:  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  'iXxof,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  beard 

CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS,  -  -      rdis. 

CARDIE1   K.YSMA,  Aneurism  of  the  heart. 

CAB  •  ardialgia. 

CARDIM  ELECH,  from  KaP8ia,  'the  heart." 
and  17*3  •  Meiek,  (Hebr.,)  *a  governor.'  A  sup- 
posititious aetive  principle  seated  in  the  heart, 
and  governing  the  vital  functions. — Dolsens. 

CARDINAL  FLOWER,  Lobelia  oardinalis— 
c.  f.  Bine,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

tDIN  \L   PL  \.\ T.  Lobelia  eardinalie, 

OMENTUM,  Ginglymos,  Qomphosis. 
HOBOT  \X!  M.  Centaarea  benedict*. 

OARDIOCB'LE,  from  smeita,  «the  heart.'  and 
KriXtj,  'rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  heart,  especially 
into  the  abdominal  eavitv. 

CARDIOCLASFB,  CarcHorrhexia. 

OARDIOD'YNE,  Cardiodyn'ia  ;  from  Kapha, 
'the  hearr.  the  stomach,'  ami  shown,  'pain.'  Tain 
in  the  heart.     Alao,  Oardialgia. 

Oardiodtne  Spasmodic  a  Inti:i:MITTKNS,  An- 
gina }><  ctoris. 

c  LRDIOG'MUS.  Hippocrates  employed  this 
word  K<ip&iu>y;io<;.  syaon ymousl y  with  eardialgia. 
In  the  tune  of  Qalen  it  was  need,  by  Borne  writers, 
for  certain  pulsations  of  the  heart,  analogous  to 
palpitations.  Sauvages  nnderstood  by  Cardiog- 
snns  an  aneurism  of  the  heart  or  great  vessel.-. 
when  still  obscure.     Also.  Angina  pectoris. 

toowua  Corois  Bihistri,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDIOM  \LATIA.  Malaoo'sis  sen  Mala' da 
lea  Malax'is  sen  Mollit"ies  Cordis,  (P.)  Ramol- 
.  from  Ka,j6ia,  '  the  heart.'  ami 
maXaxta,  '  Boftneas.'  Boftening  of  the  heart,  caused 
by  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  a  consequence 
of  some  lesion  of  the  function  of  nutrition. 

CARDIOM'ETRY,  Cardiometrria,  from  Kapha, 
'heart,'  and  ueraev,  'measure.'  Measurement  of 
the  heart,  as  by  percussion  and  auscultation. 

CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIONCHI,  see  Aneurism. 

CA  RDION  EUR  A  LOIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDION'OSUS,  Morbus  cordis,  from  Kapha, 
'  heart.'  and  voeos,  *  disease.'  Disease  of  the  heart. 
Heart   list 

C  IRDIOPALMUS,  Oardiotromus. 

CARDIOPERICARDITI8,  Bee  Pericarditis. 

CARDIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatia'nn*  cordis  .• 
from  to  bia,  'the  heart,  and  pevun,  'defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  heart. 

LDIORRHEX'IS,    Oardiociasie,  (Piorry,) 
Rmptufra  cardie,  (P.)    Rupture   du    Carur,  from 
•the  heart,' and  pntts,  '  laceration.'    Lace- 
ration of  the  heart. 

CARDIOSCLEROSIS,  (Piorry),  from  Kapha, 
'the  heart.'  and  <r/cA^p0?,  'hard.'  (P.)  Endurcisse- 
mtmi  du  Catur.  Induration  of  the  heart. 
^  CARDIOBTENO'818,  Stenoear'dia,  from  Kap- 
hu,  'the  heart,  and  artvuierig.  'contraction.'  Con- 
traction of  the  openings  of  the  heart. 

DIOTRAU'M  \.  from  tapita,  'the  heart,' 
Ml  I  "  i,  •  i  wound.'      A  wound  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROMUS,  PaJpita'tio  Cordis  trep'- 
idans,   Caniiopal'mtts,    Trepida'tio    Cordis,  from 
■the   heart,'  and  rpofiog,  '  tremor.'     Rapid 
ble  palpitation  or  Buttering  of  the  heart. 

C  ^RDIOT'ROTUS,  from  eapiia,  'the  heart,' 
ami  nrpwKu,  '  I  iround.'  One  affected  with  a 
wound  of  the  loart. — Galea* 

CARDIPERICARDITIS,  Bee  Pericarditis. 
CARDfTE,  Carditis. 

CARDITIC,   Cardiac     Also,  relating  or  be- 

.'  to  carditis. 

C  \  RDI'TIS,  from  taoii  i,  '  the  heart,  and  the 

termination    Ms,      Inflammation    of   the   Seshy 

:    the    heart.     /  ardi'tis, 

Jnfiamma'tio  Cordis,  I.  Cardi'tis,  Cauma   Cnrdi'- 

tis,  Myocardi'tis,   Cardi'tis  Museula'rio,  (F.)  /„. 


/lammarion  dm   Oatur,  Cordite.      The  symptoms 

of  this  affection  are  by  M  meant  clear.  They 
are  often  confounded  with  those  of  pericarditis, 
er  inflammation  of  the  membrane  investing  the 
heart.  Carditis,  indeed,  with  many,  includes 
both  the  inflammation  of  the  external  investing 
membrane  and  that  of  the  interior  of  the  heart. 
Pericarditis,  and  Endocarditis. 

CARDITIS  L\ni:\\.  Pericarditis  —  c.  Interna, 
Endocarditis — o.  Afusoularis,  Carditis  —  e.  ftfem- 
branoaa,  Pericarditis — o.  Polyposa,  Polypi  of  the 
heart — e.  Serosa,  Pericarditis. 

C  \!1Im).  Ginglymus. 

CARDOPATIUM,  Cariina  acanlis. 

c  LRDOPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDD1  S  ALT  I  LIS.  Cynara  scolymus  — c. 
r.enedictus.  Centaurea  henedicta — c.  Lra/.ilianus, 
Bromelia  ananas  —  c.  Domesticus  capita  majori, 
Cynara  scolymus  —  e.  Hemorrhoidalis,  Cirsinm 
arvense. 

Car'Duus  Maim  Cms,  C.  Ma' rim  seu  lac'teua, 
Si/'ybum,  S.  Maria'num  seu  maeula'tum,  Car'tha- 
mus  macula' t us,  Gir'siutn  maeula'tum,  Spina  alba, 
Common  Milk  Thistle,  Ladies'  Thistle,  (F.) 
Chardon-Marie.  Ord.  CompositSB.  The  herb  is 
a  hitter  tonie.  The  seeds  are  oleaginous.  It  is 
not  used. 

Card cua  Parana,  Atractylis  gummifera  —  c. 
Bativus,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sativus  non- 
spinosus,  Cynara  scolymus  —  c.  Solstitialis,  Cen- 
taarea ealoitrapa —  c.  Btellatus,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa — e.  TomentoSUS,  Onopordium  acanthium — 
c.  Veneris,  Dipsacus  fullonum. 

C  \lM:i:  TRESIS,  Carebaria, 

OAREBA'RIA  or  OAREBARI'A,  Car  char  J- 
sis,  from  Kaprj.  'the  head,'  and  (ia^og,  'weight.' 
Scordine'ma,  Oereba'ria,  Scordinis'tntts,  Cording** 
ma.    Heaviness  of  the  head. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CARE'XA.  Kare'na.  The  twenty-fourth  part 
of  a  drop. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

CARE-TAKER,  Nurse. 

CARE  UAL  Carom. 

CA  R  E  X  ARENARIA,  Saroaparittn  Qermanioa. 

OARIACOU.  A  beverage,  used  in  Cayenne, 
and  formed  of  a  mixture  of  cassava,  potato,  and 
sugar,  fermented. 

CAR'ICA,  from  Carta,  where  the  fig  was  culti- 
vated.    See  Ficus  cariea. 

Car'icv  PaiCya.  Papau  tree,  Pawpaw,  (F.) 
Papui/cr.  Ord.  Cucurbitaceae.  A  native  of 
America,  India,  and  Africa.  The  fruit  has 
somewhat  of  the  flavour  of  the  pumpkin,  and 
is  eaten  like  it.  The  milky  juice  of  the  plant 
and  the  seed  and  root  have  been  regarded  as 
anthelmintic. 

The  papau),  of  North  America,  belongs  to  the 
order  Anonaeea?,  (Ano'na  sen  Asi'mina  Ben  Por- 
eel'ia  seu  Uva'ria  tri'loba,  Ficus  fn'dica,  Orchi~ 
docar'pum  arieti'num,)  Custard  Apple  Family. 

CAR'ICUM.     Said  to  have  been  named  after 
its    inventor    Caricus.      Car'yeum,     A   di  I 
application    to   ulcers:   compose. 1    of  black    helle- 

1m, re,  Bandaaraoh,  oopperj  lead,  sulphur,  orpiment, 
oantharides,  and  oil  of  cedar. — Hippocrat 

0  \/'//'.  Caries— e.  </<»  Dents,  Dental  gangrene. 

I'M! IK.  Carious. 

OA'RIES,  Nigrit"ies  Os'sium.  An  ulceration 
of  bone,  Osteohelco'sis, — -Necrosis  being  death  of  a 
hone,  it  resembles  the  gangrene  of  Bofl  parts. 
B  it  baa  been  termed   Caries  gangrajno'sa, 

(I'aii'/ra'mi  Oa'riesBeu  Os'sium,  Tere'do,  Arro'siOf 
Euros,  iV.)  Carte.  It  is  recognised  by  the  swell- 
ing of  the  bone  which  precedes  and  accompanies 
it ;  by  tin-  abscesses  it  occasions  :  the  Qstulsa 
which  form  :  the  Banious  eharaoter,  peculiar  odour 
and  quantity  of  the  Bnppuration,  and  by  tin  <\  \- 
deaee  afforded  by  probing.     The  most  common 

Causes    of    caries   are    blows,    the    action    oi 
virus,  and  morbid  dituhe.-es.    VYhen  dependent  on 


CA  R  IE  UX 


170 


CAROTA 


any  virus  in  the  system,  this  must  be  combated 
by  appropriate  remedies.  When  entirely  local,  it 
must  be  converted,  where  practicable,  into  a  suite 
of  necrosis  or  death  of  the  affected  part.  For 
this  end,  stimulants,  the  actual  cautery,  <fcc,  are 
applied. 

Caries,  Dexticm.  Dental  gangrene — c.  Puden- 
dorum,  see  Chancre — c.  of  the  Vertebra?.  Verte- 
bral disease — c.  Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

CARIEUX,  Carious. 

CARIM  CURIXI,  Justitia  ecbolium. 

CAR1XA.  'a  ship's  keel.'  The  vertebral  co- 
lumn, especially  of  the  foetus.  Also,  the  breast- 
bone bent  inwards.  Hence,  Pectus  carina' turn  : 
— the  chest  affected  with  such  deformity. 

C A'lllOUS.  Cario'sus,  Euro'des,  (F.)  Carie, 
Odrieiuc.      Affected  with  caries. 

CARIUM  TERRAS,  Calx. 

CARIVE.  Myrtus  pimenta. 

CARIVILLANDI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

CARLIXA,  'Carline  Thistle.' 

Carli'na  Acaui/is,  C.  ehamce'leon,  Chamce'- 
Jeon  album,  Cardopa'tium,  (F.)  Cnrline  sans  tige. 
Ord.  Composites,  which  grows  in  the  Pyrenees, 
and  on  the  mountains  of  Switzerland,  Italy,  &c, 
has  been  recommended  as  a  tonic,  emmenagogue, 
an  1  sudorific. 

Carlina  Cham.eleon.  C.  acaulis. 

CARLINE  SANS   TIGE.  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARLISLE  SPRIXGS.  These  are  about  five 
miles  from  the  town  of  Carlisle,  in  Pennsylvania. 
The  water  is  mildly  sulphureous. 

CARLO  SAXCTO  RADIX.  'St.  Charles's 
Root :'  found  in  Mechoachan  in  America.  The 
bark  is  aromatic,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  sudorific,  and  to  strengthen  the 
gums  and  stomach. 

CARLSBAD.  MIXER AL  WATERS  OF. 
Carlsbad  is  a  town  in  Bohemia,  24  miles  from 
Egra,  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.  The  water 
contains  about  47  parts  iu  the  100  of  purging 
salts.  It  is  a  thermal  saline:  temperature  121° 
to  167°  Fahrenheit.  The  constituents  are — car- 
bonic acid,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  ehloride  of  sodium. 

GARMANTItfE,  Justitia  pectoralis— c.  Pecto- 
ral'-. Justiria  pectoralis. 

CARMEX.  '  a  verse.'  An  amulet.  A  charm, 
•which,  of  old,  often  consisted  of  a  verse.  See 
Charm. 

CARMINANTIA,  Carminatives. 

C A R  M 1XATIVA.  Carminatives. 

CARMIX'ATIVES,  Carminan'tia  seu  Carmi- 
nati'va,  from  carmen,  'a  verse,'  or  'charm.'  An- 
tiphys'ica,  Phyxago'ga,  Xan'tica,  AntipJnjset' ics, 
(F.)  Cnminati'fs.  Remedies  which  allay  pain, 
'like  a  charm,'  by  causing  the  expulsion  of 
flatus  from  the  alimentary  canal.  They  are  gene- 
rally of  the  class  of  aromatics. 

The  Foer  Greater  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  eal'ida  majn'ra  carminati'va, 
were,  of  old,  anise,  carui.  cummin,  and  fennel. 

The  Four  Lesser  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  eal'ida  mino'ra,  were  bishop's 
weed,  stone  parsley,  smallage,  and  wild  carrot. 

CARMOT.  A  name  given,  by  the  alchymists, 
to  the  matter  which  they  believed  to  constitute 
the  Philosopher's  stone. 

CARNABADIA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CARNABADIUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CARNATIO,  Svssarcosis. 

CARNATION,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

CARNELTAN,  Cornelian. 

CARNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

CAR'NEOUS,  Camo'sus,  Sarco'dea,  Inearna'- 
tns.  from  earn,  carnis,  'flesh,'  (F.)  Ckarnu. 
Consisting  of  flesh,  or  resembling  flesh. 

Carneoes  Columns,  Fleshy   Columns,   Colum'- 


n<B  Camece,  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Colonnes  charnuen, 
are  muscular  projections,  situate  in  the  cavities 
:  of  the  heart.  They  are  called,  also,  Mutfeuli 
Papilla'  res. 

Carnrous  Fibres,  Fleshy  Fibres,  Jfns'cular 
Fibres,  (F.)  Fibres  charnues  ou  musculo  ire*,  are 
fibres  belonging  to  a  muscle. 

CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM,  Ischio-trochan- 
terianus. 

CARXIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  caro,  carnis, 
'flesh.'     The  sum. — Fallopius. 

CARNIFICA'TIO,  Camification  —  c.  Pulmo- 
num.  Hepatisation  of  the  lungs. 

CARXIFICA'TIOX,  Carnijica'tio,  from  cam, 
carnis,  'flesh,'  and  fieri,  'to  become.'  Trans- 
formation into  flesh.  A  morbid  state  of  certain 
organs,  in  which  the  tissue  acquires  a  consistence 
like  that  of  fleshy  or  muscular  parts.  It  is  some- 
times observed  in  hard  parts,  the  texture  be- 
coming softened,  as  in  Osteo-sareoma.  When  it 
occurs  in  the  lungs,  they  present  a  texture  like  that 
of  liver.     Such  is  the  condition  of  the  foetal  lung. 

CARXIFOR'MIS  ABSCESSTS.  An  abscess, 
which  ordinarily  occurs  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  articulations,  and  whose  orifice  is  hard,  the 
sides  thick  and  callous. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

CARNIVOROUS,  Camiv'oru*.  Sarcoph'a- 
gns,  Creatoph'agus,  Creoph'agus,  Zooph'agoun, 
Creatoph'agous,  Creoph'  agous,  Kreatoph 'ngnun, 
(F.J  Carnivore;  from  caro,  carnis,  'flesh.'  and 
voro,  'I  eat.'  That  which  eats  flesh.  Any  sub- 
stance which  destroys  excrescences  in  wounds, 
ulcers.  &c. 

CARXOSA  CUTIS,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

C  ARN  OS'  IT  AS,  (F.)  Carnosite,  from  caro, 
carnis.  'flesh.'     A  fleshy  excrescence. 

CARXOS'ITIES  OF  THE  URE'TIIRA.  Car'- 
uncles  in  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Carnosites  ou  Caron- 
j!  cules  de  I'uretre.  Small  fleshy  excrescences  or 
''  fungous  growths,  which  were,  at  one  time,  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  the  male  urethra,  whenever 
retention  of  urine  followed  gonorrhoea. 

M.  Cullerier  uses  the  term  Carnosite  venerienne 
for  a  cutaneous,  cellular,  and  membranous  tu- 
mour, dependent  upon  the  syphilitic  virus.  See, 
il  also,  Polvsarcia. 

CARNOSUS,  Carneous. 

CARO,  Flesh — c.  Aecessoria,  see  Flexor  longus 
j  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (accesso- 
rius)  —  c.  Excreseens,  Excrescence  —  e.  Fungosa, 
|i  Fungosity —  c.  Glandulosa.  Epiglottic  gland  —  c. 
•  Luxurians.  Fungosity — c.  Orbicularis,  Placenta — 
;  c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma — c.  Quadrata, 
!  Palmaris  brevis — c.  Quadratus  Sylvii,  see  Flexor 
|l  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (ac- 
cessorius) — c.  Viscerum,  Parenchvma. 

CAROB  TREE.  Ceratonia  siliqua. 

CAROBA  ALXABATI,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARGOES,  Carotic. 

CAROLI,  see  Chancre. 

CAROLI'XA,  XORTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  In  the  counties  of  Warren,  Montgomery, 
Rockingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and  Rowan, 
there  are  mineral  springs.  They  belong  gene- 
rallv  to  the  sulphureous  or  acidulous  saline. 

CAROLINA,  SOUTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  They  are  numerous.  Pacolet  Springs,  on 
the  west  bank  of  Pacolet  River,  contain  sulphur 
and  iron.  Many,  with  similar  properties,  but  not 
held  in  estimation,  are  scattered  about  the  State. 

CARONCULE,  Caruncle — c.  Lachrymale,  Ca- 
runcle. 

CAROXCULES  MTJtTIFORMES,  Carun- 
cula?  myrtiformes — c.  de  I'Uretre,  Carnosities  of 
the  urethra. 

CAROXCULEZX,  Carunculous. 

CARO  PI,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CAROSIS,  Somnolency. 

CAROTA,  see  Daucus  carota. 


CAROTIC 


171 


CARRF.A  U 


CAROT'ir.  On  t'idu*. 

from     Kapoi, 
'stupor,'  (F.)  Care  to  stupor  or 

earus —  :  — ur  to  the  earbti  I 

Li— a    Ganglion, 

-C  Nerve,  Carotid  Nerve  —  0. 
n  e. 
c  OROTIC  \.  Narcotics. 
CARO  riCUS,  Carotic. 
<•  LR01  1  0, 

C  kROTIDJEl  S,  Carotic. 
ROTIDIEN,  Carotic 
CAROT'IDS,  Carot'ide;  Carotica,  Omrotidea, 
Capita' It  i,  .In  i  a  in'  /••  i,  S'tpora'li  s,  Supora' 
j  .  [poplec'tiea,  LetkaFgicet 

■  ,r).  Carat' id  Ar'teriee,  Cephal'ic  Arteries, 
..  •  stupor,'  [?]. 
of  tiio  oeck,  which  carrj 
tt>  the  bead.     They  are  divided  into,  1.  Primitive 
or  common  ;    the  left  of  which  arises  from  the 
aorta,  and  the  right  from  s  trunk,  common  to  it 
nnd  the  subclavian.   2.  External  or  perieepkal'ic, 
branch  of  the  primitive,  which  extends  from  the 
the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw; 
an  '1.    3.    Inter  Hal,    Arte'ria    cerehra'lie   vel    ence- 
phal'ica,  another  branch  of  the  primitive,  which, 
be  external,  enters 
the  cranium,  and  terminal  •>  on  a  level  with  the 
.in>,  dividing  into  several  branches. 
■  ic  Canal,  <  ana'lu  Carot'ieue, 
1  in/fare  de  Voe  temporal — (Ch.),  Canal  earo- 

tidien,  is  a  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  through 
which  the  carotid  artery  and  several  nervous 
filaments  |. 

>nc  Fob  \m'i\  v.  Forawf 
.  (F.)  Trims  earotidiene,  are  distinguished 
•  rnal  and  external.      They  are  the  foram- 
acfa  extremity  of  the  Canalii  Carotieue. 
CAROTID  GaXOLIOX,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

iii)  Nbrvb,  Oarot!ic  nerve,  Nervut  earot'- 
A  branch  from  the  superior  cervical  gan- 
glion of  the  great  sympathetic,  which  ascends  by 
the  side  of  the   internal   carotid.      It  divides  into 
two  portions,  which  enter  the  carotid  canal,  and, 
r  communication  with  each  other  and  the 
I   branch   of  the  vidian,   form  the  carotid 
They  also  frequently  form  a  small  gan- 
gliforni   swelling  on  the  under  part  of  the   artery 
— the  carotic   or  carotid  or  cavernoiu  ganglion, 
;  m  of  Laumonier. 

'  arutid  nerve, 
''.t  li<  >  TTE,  Daucus  oarota. 
CARO  DA,  Carum  (seed). 
CAROUBIER,  Ceratonium  Biliqua. 
ROUGE,  Bee  Ceratonium  Biliqua. 
LPAL,  Carpa'lit;  from  kuo-u^,  '  the  wrist.' 
E         ?hig  or  relating  to  the  carpus  or  wrist. 
CfcRP  \s  \.  Cai 

CARPA'SIDM,  .    and    Carpe'aium. 

I  ides,  Pliny,  Galen,  Ac,  have  given  these 

.  and   thai   of  Carpneoa,  to  a  plant,  which 

rtniued,  and  whose  juice,  called 

:  >t   a  violent, 

narcotic  poison,  and  was  confounded  with  uiyrrh. 

Pinui  eembra, 

OARPE,  Carpus. 

(  LRPBNTARIA,  Achillea  millefolium. 
CARPENTER'S  LE  \F.  Galax  aphylla 
CARPESIUM,  Carpasinm. 

CARPHO  1>!!S,  i  'arphol'dt  t,  from  K(i(,rpoi,  '  flnr- 
cultix.'    and  Floooulent, 

Bocoulent    or 

CARPHOLOG"!  \.  TUmnv,  Oarpofog"ial 

'  .ii/i/ih'  iiiiih,  fin i  in' rum  ri  an  'tin,  /'/,„■- 

a.  Tricholog" ia,  Croeidix'ie,  Floceila' tion, 
t'tion,  from  Kap<pos,  'Jloc'oulu*,'  and  Xiyu, 


'  I  collect.'  or  'pluck,'  (F.)  Carphologie.  Action 
of  gathering  floeeuli.  A  delirious  picking  of  the 
bed-clothes,  as  it'  to  seek  some  substance,  or  to 
pull  the  Hocculi  from  them.  It  denotes  great 
cerebral  irritability  and  debility,  and  is  an  un- 
favourable Bign  in  fo\  ers,  i  a. 

■  PHOS,  Trigonella  foenum. 

CARPIA,  Linteum. 

(AKlM.Kls.  Palmaria  brevis. 

CAR'PIAL,   CaFpiam,  Curpiafnue,  Carpia'lie, 
Belonging  to  the  Carpus. 

Car'pial  Lio'ambs  B,  1  Ligament*  Carpiene, 
are.  1.  The  GbrOUS  fascia),  which  unite  the  bones 
of  the  carpus;  ami,  2.  The  annular  ligaments, 
anterior  and  posterior. 

CARPIAN,  CarpiaL 

CARPIEN,  CarpiaL 

CARPISMU8,  Carpus 

CAKPO  BALSAM  I'M.  bcn  Amyris  opobal 
Bamum. 

CARPOLOGIA,  Carphologia— c  Spasmodica, 
Subeultus  tendinum. 

CA  RP< )  M  ETACA  R  PEUS  M I N  I M I  DIGITI, 
Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti — e.  UStaear- 
pien  'in  petit  d<>i<jt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti  — 
c.  Sfitacarpien  du  pottee,  Opponens  pollicis  —  <*. 
Phalangeus  minimi  digiti,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
—  e.  Phalangien  du  petit  doigt,  Abductor  minimi 
digiti,  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti — c.  Phalangien 
du  ponce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus — c.  Su*- 
phalangien  du  ponce,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

CARPO-PEDAL,  from  carput,  'the  wrist."  an  1 
lie,  'the  foot.'     Relating  to  the  wrist  and 
foot 

Carpo-pedat.  Spasm,  OeFebralspaemod'ic 
croup.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  chest  and 
larynx  in  young  children,  accompanied  by  gene- 
ral or  partial  convulsions.  The  disease  commonly 
occurs  between  the  third  and  ninth  month,  and 
is  characterized  by  excessive  dyspnoea,  accompa- 
nied by  a  loud  croup;  noise  on  inspiration  ;  the 
thumbs  being  locked,  and  the  hands  and  feet 
rigidly  bent  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The 
seat  of  the  disease  is  evidently  in  the  cerebro- 
spinal axis,  primarily  or  secondarily:  generally, 
perhaps,  it  is  owing  to  erethism  seated  elsewhere, 
but  communicated  to  the  eerebro-spinal  centre, 
and  reflected  to  the  respiratory  and  oilier  muscles 
Concerned.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  dental 
irritation  :  and  consequently,  in  the  treatment, 
inch  is  the  case,  the  gums  should  be  freely 
divided;  after  which,  cathartics  and  revulsive-;, 
with  the  use  of  narcotics  and  appropriate  diet, 
will  generally  remove  the  affection;   tor  although 

extremely  alarming,  it  i.«  often  not  attended  with 
i,rreat  danger.     See  Asthma  thymioum. 

CARPOS,  Fruit. 

I    \!:l»0T'ICA,  from  Kapxos,  'fruit.'     Du 
affecting   impregnation.      Irregularity,   difficulty 
or  danger   produced    by    parturition  :  —  the  3d  or- 
der, class  Oenetiea,  of  Good. 

CARPUS,    Carpie'mue,    Brachia'li,    /,'■■ 
/in st.  'tu,  Raecha,  Jin-' 'ta,  Ram  t'ta,  Wriet, (Prov.j 
ffand-wriet,  Shackle,     F.     Carpe,   /'        et.     The 
part    between    the    tore-arm    and    hand. 

;ompose  it  (in  two  rows).  In  the  superior 
row  there  are,  from  without  to  within  —  the  Sen- 
phoidee  or  navicula'ri,  Luna'ri  or  >< ,  iluna're, 
CuneifoFmi,  and  Orbicula'ri  <>r  pieifor'mi.  In 
the   lower  row — Trape'zium,  Trapezox  dee,  Mmj- 

iiuiii,   and    I  'ini/or' mi  . 

C  tRRAGEEN  Moss,  Fnous  orispua. 
CARRE,  Quadrates —  <•.  -/'   la  I 

morii  —  &  dm  l.i, ml*'*,  Qaadratus    lum- 
borum  —  r.  du  ktenton,  Depressor  labii  in! 

Pied,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 
CAEREAU,  Tabes  mesenteries. 


CARRE E 


172 


CARYOCOSTINUS 


CARREE,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis 
profundus  perforans  (accessorius). 

GARRELET,  (F.)  Acua  triangularis.  A 
straight  needle,  two  or  three  inches  long,  the 
point  of  which  is  triangular;  and  which  the 
ancients  used  in  different  operations.  Also,  a 
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth 
through  which  different  pharmaceutical  prepara- 
tions are  passed. 

CARROX  OIL,  Linimentura  aquae  calcis. 
CARROT,  CANDY,  Athamanta  cretensis— c. 
Deadly,  Thapsia. 

Carrot  Plant,  Daucus  carota. 

CARTHAGENA  BARKS,  see  Cinchona. 

CARTHAMUS  MACULATUS,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

Car'thamus  Tincto'rius,  Am'yron,  Cnicus, 
Crocus  German'icus  seu  Saracen' icus,  Oar'tha- 
mum  officina'rum,  Car'duus  sati'vus,  Safra'num, 
Srffron-flower,  Safflower,  Safflow,  Bastard  Saf- 
fron, Dyer' 8  Saffron,  (F.)  Carthame,  Safran 
bdtard,  Carthame  des  Teinturiers.  Ord.  Com- 
positse.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequa- 
lis.  The  seeds  are  aromatic,  cathartic,  and  diu- 
retic; yet  to  the  parroquet  they  are  an  article  of 
food:  hence  their  name,  Graines  de  Parroquet. 
The  flowers,  Car'thamus  (Ph.  TJ.  S.),  are  employed 
as  a  cosmetic,  and  are  a  reputed  diaphoretic.  [?] 

CARTHEGON,  see  Buxus. 

CARTILAGE,  Chondros,  Car'tilago,  Gristle, 
(Sc.)  Girsle,  (F.)  Cartilage.  A  solid  part  of  the 
animal  body,  of  a  medium  consistence  between 
bone  and  ligament,  which  in  the  foetus  is  a  sub- 
stitute for  bone,  but  in  the  adult  exists  only  in 
the  joints,  at  the  extremities  of  the  ribs,  <fec. 
Cartilages  are  of  a  whitish  colour,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  very  elastic,  and  some  of  them 
apparently  inorganic.  They  are  composed,  ac- 
cording to  J.  Davy,  of  .44  albumen,  .55  water, 
and  .01  phosphate  of  lime. 

CARTILAGE  AXONYME,  Cricoid,  (carti- 
lage)— c.  Epiglottic,  Epiglottis — c.  Mucrone,  Xi- 
phoid Cartilage — c.  Supra-arytenoid,  Corniculum 
laryngis — c.  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Cartilages,  Articular,  Obdu'cent  Car'tilages, 
invest  bony  surfaces,  which  are  in  contact;  hence 
they  are  called  investing  or  incrusting  cartilages, 
(F.)  Cartilages  de  revetement  ou  d'encroutement. 

Cartilages,  Cuneiform,  of  the  Larynx,  see 
Cuneiform. 

CARTILAGES  EBURNES,  see  Eburnifica- 
tion. 

Cartilages,  Interarticular,  Jfenis'ci,  are 
such  as  are  situate  within  the  joints,  as  in  the 
knee  joint. 

Cartilages,  Intervertebral,  see  Interverte- 
bral. 

Cartilages  of  Ossifica'tion  are  such  as,  in 
the  progress  of  ossification,  have  to  form  an  in- 
tegrant part  of  bones;  as  those  of  the  long  bones 
in  the  new-born  infant.  They  are  termed  tem- 
porary ;  the  others  being  permanent.  All  the 
cartilages,  with  the  exception  of  the  articular, 
are  surrounded  by  a  membrane  analogous  to  the 
periosteum,  called  Pen'chon'drium. 

Cartilages  of  the  Ribs  are.  in  some  respects, 
onl}'-  prolongations  of  the  ribs.  Those  of  the  nose, 
of  the  meatus  auditorius,  and  Eustachian  tube, 
present  a  similar  arrangement.  Other  cartilages 
resemble  a  union  of  fibrous  and  cartilaginous  tex- 
tures ;  hence  their  name  Fibro-cartilages. 

Cartilages  of  Santorini,  Corniculum  La- 
ryngis—  c.  Semilunar,  see  Semilunar  —  c.  Sig- 
moid, Semilunar  cartilages  —  c.  of  Wrisberg, 
Cuneiform  Cartilages  of  the  Larynx. 

CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte- 
noid cartilages — c.  Semilunares,  Semilunar  car- 
tilages— c.  Sigmoidea?,  Semilunar  cartilages. 


Cartilaginis  Arytenoid^e^e  Capitulum,  Cor- 
niculum laryngis. 

CARTILAG"IXOUS,  Cartilagin'eus,  Cartila- 
gino'sus,  Chondro'des,  Chondro'i'des,  (F. )  Curti- 
lagineux.    Belonging  to,  or  resembling  cartilage. 

Cartilaginous  Tissue,  see  Tissue. 

CARTILAGO,  Cartilage— c.  Clypealis,  Thy- 
roid cartilage — c.  Ensiformis,  Xiphoid  cartilage 
— c.  Gutturalis,  Arytenoid  cartilage — c.  Innoniu 
nata,  Cricoid — c.  Mucronata,  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
c.  Peltalis,  Thyroid  cartilage,  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
c.  Peltatus,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  c.  Scutiformis, 
Thyroid  cartilage — c.  Uvifer,  Uvula — c.  Xiphoi- 
des,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

CARUM,  from  Caria,  a  province  of  Asia. 
A'pium  seu  Bu'nium  seu  Ligus'ticum  seu  Ses'eli 
carvi  seu  carum,  Sium  carvi,  Ca'reum,  Caruai 
car'vi,  Carvi,  Cumi'num  pratcn'se,  Carus,  Car'non, 
the  Car'away,  (F.)  Carvi,  Cumin  des  pres.  Order, 
Umbelliferaa.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digyuia. 
The  seeds,  Caraway  seeds,  (Prov.)  Carry  seeds, 
Carnaba'dia,  Car'oua,  Carum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ij,  swallowed  whole 
or  bruised.  The  oil,  Oleum  Car'u'i,  (F.)  Huile  de 
carvi,  has  the  properties  of  the  seeds.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj.  Aqua  Car'ui,  Car'away  Water,  is  offi- 
cinal in  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London  and 
Dublin. 

Carum  Bulbocastanum,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num. 

CAR'UNCLE,  Camn'cula,  diminutive  of  caro, 
'flesh.'  A  small  portion  of  flesh,  Sar'cium,  Sar- 
cid'ium.  A  fleshy  excrescence, — Ecphy'ma  car- 
un'cula,  (F.)  Caroncule. 

Caruncle,  Carnositas. 

Caruncles  in  the  Urethra,  Carnosities. 

CARUN'CULA  LACRYMA'LIS,  (F.)  Caroncule 
lacrymale.  A  small,  reddish,  follicular  body, 
situate  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.  It  secretes 
a  gummy  substance. 

Caruncula  Seminalis,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

CARUNCUL.E  CUTICULARES,  Nymphaa. 

Caruncula  Mammilla'res.  The  extremities 
of  the  lactiferous  tubes  in  the  nipples.  The 
olfactory  nerves  have  been  so  called  by  some. 

CaruncuLjE  Myrtifor'mes,  C.  Yagina'les, 
Glan'didae  myrtifor'mes,  (F.)  Caroncules  myrti- 
formes.  Small,  reddish  tubercles,  more  or  less 
firm,  of  variable  form,  and  uncertain  number, 
situate  near  the  orifice  of  the  vagina,  and  formed 
by  the  mucous  membrane.  They  are  regarded 
as  the  remains  of  the  hymen. 

Caruncula  Papillares, Papillae  of  the  kidney. 

CARUX'CULOUS,  Caruncular,  (F.)  Caroncu- 
leux.     Relating  to  caruncles  or  carnosities. 

CARUON,  Carum. 

CARUS,  Kapos,  Sopor  caro'ticus,  Profound  sleep. 
The  last  degree  of  coma,  with  complete  insensi- 
bility, which  no  stimulus  can  remove,  even  for  a 
few  instants.  Sopor,  Coma,  Lethargia.  and  Ca- 
ries, are  four  degrees  of  the  same  condition. 

Carus  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c.  Asphyxia, 
Asphyxia — c.  Catalepsia,  Catalepsy — c.  Ecstasis, 
Ecstasis  —  c.  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus — c.  ab  Insolatione,  Coup  de  soleil — c.  Le- 
thargus,  Lethargy — c.  Lethargus  cataphora,  Som- 
nolency—  c.  Lethargus  vigil,  Coma  vigil  —  c. 
Paralysis,  Paralysis  —  c.  Paralysis  paraplegia, 
Paraplegia — c.  Veternus,  Lethargy. 

CARVI,  Carum. 

CARVY  SEEDS,  see  Carum. 

CARYA,  Hickory,  Juglans  regia  —  c.  Basilica, 
Juglans  regia. 

CARYDION,  Corvlus  avellana. 

CARYEDOX  CATAGMA,  see  Fracture. 

CARYOCOST'INUS,  Caryocostinum.  An  elec- 
tuary prepared  of  the  costus  and  other  aromatic 
substances,  &c.  It  was  cathartic.  See  Confectio 
scammoniaa. 


CARYOX 


1  7  S 


CASSUMUNIAR 


CARTON,  _ia— c.  Ponticon,  Corylus 

avellalia    I  I 

c  IRYOPHYLLA,  Geum  nrbamun. 

c  ^R1  OPHYLLATA   AQUATICA,  Geum  ri- 

vale — ,-.  Xutaiis,  Cum  rivals — 8.  Urbana,  (ieum 

urbanutn — e.  Vulgaris,  Geum  urbanum. 

1  OPHI  LLUM  RUBRUM,  Diantbus  ca- 
llus. 

k'OPHYLLUS   LMER1  b  Myr- 

mati  -u-.  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
.  il.piini.-is.   Dianthus  oaryophyllus —  c 
Pimenta,  Myrtua  Pimenta  —  c  Vulgaris,  Geum 
urban  um. 
CARYO'TI.     Thebeel  kind  of  dates,— Galen. 
CAS  RA  RES    !'•  .  R  This  term  is 

.  the  French,  tor  pathological  tacts,  which 
vary  from  whal  is  usual    Sees  oelebrated  article 
ander  this  head  in  the  Dietionnairt  flies  Science* 
Vol.  IV. 
CAS  \M!M.  Cyclamen. 
i     -  \: MIX  A 11.  Cassumuniar. 

•    \lii\i;.  Vomiting. 

CASM    \i.  [L'LA.     Spanish  words, 

which  signify  bark  and  little  bark,  under  which 

appellations  the  bark  (Cinchona J   is   known    in 

Peru.     They  are  now  applied  to  the  bark  of  Cro- 

i.     The    bark-gatherers    are    called 

fit  rnx. 

ARILLA,  Cascara,  Croton  cascarilla  —  c. 
Caraba;  nehonaa  eordifoliss  cortex  —  c 

da,  ('inch nn ;f  oblongifoliss  cortex — c. Roxa, 
Cinchonas  oblongifoliss  cortex. 

VRILLEROS,  see  Cascara. 
I      5<  ii'C.  Catechu. 

I  5E,  Capea,  Tkeea,  (P.)  Caieee.  This  name 
■rvation  of  instru- 
ments, or  of  medicines  necessary  in  hospital  or 
other  service.  We  say.  c.  g.  —  .1  case  of  ampu- 
tating, or  of  trepanning  instrument*.  A  poeket 
lenta'rium  portab'ili,  (F.)  ZVoueee, 
contain-  the  smaller  instruments  in  constant  use 
with  the  aurgeon. 

us,  from  cadere,  saeum,  'to  fall.' 
The  condition  of  a  patient:  —  as  a  eaee  of  fever, 
,     .  rfioa.     Also,   the   history   of  a 

Mill's.  Cheesy. 

CA'SEIN,  I'eeum,  Oalaetine,  Tyrine, 

ii'men,   Caseou*  matter,  (P.)  CasSine,  Ma- 

.   from   caeeus,   'cheese.'     The  only 

nized  constituent  of  milk.      It  is  identical 

aposition    with    the    chief   constituents   of 

blood, — fibrin  and  albumen,  all  being  compounds 

of  protein.    A  similar  principle  exists  in  th 

or  /. < 'in' miii,   Veg"etabh 
i  It  i-  chiefly  fonnd  in  Leguminous 

ntils.     Like  vegetable  albnmen, 
liable  in  water;  and  the  solution  is 
i  -.  beat. 

I  odd  Globulin — o.  of  the  Saliva,  see 
Saliva — 0.  of  the  Small  intestine,  Albuminose. 

3E0DS  MATTER,  Casein. 
in. 
CASE1  S,  '        -• — c.  Equinns,  Ilippace. 

mux,  <  b< 

CASH  EW,  An  icardium  occidentals. 

<  kSHOO.     An  aromatic  drug  of  llindoostan, 
paid  to  pi  .I  virtues. 

■  ho. 
CAS1  \.  Lauras 
('ASM  I  X  \.  Cassumuniar. 
vm\  \it.  Cassumuniar. 

..ax. 

>T,  Jatropha  manfhot. 

<  ASSAVA,  BITTER,  Jatropha  manihet— o. 

ropba  man,: 

[ROMATIQUE,  Lauras  cassia— c. 
en  Baton*,  Cassia  fistula— c.  ea  Bote,  Lannu  cas- 


sia—  r.   des   Boutiques,  Cassia  fistula  —  c.  Sent, 
senna. 
CASSE-LUNETTE,  Centaurea  oyanus,  Oya- 
nii-  segetum,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
:  i.\  \.  Ilex  vomitoria. 
CA8SEN0LES,  see  Quereus  infectoria. 

3IA,  Lauras  cassia — o.  Absus,  Absus  —  c. 
Aoutifolia,  C.  senna  —  e.  JSgyptian,  C.  senna  — 
ndrina,  0.  fistula  —  c.  Bonplandiana,  C. 
fistula. 

Cassia  Cii  \m  i  cims't  \,  Prairie  tenua,  Par- 
tridge Pea,  Wild  s.  una,  an  indigenous  plant, 
L  ignminoBSB,  which  (lowers  iii  August.  It. 
resembles  Cassia  ftfarilandica  in  properties. 
Cassia  ci\s\momi:v.  Lauras  cassia  — 
ryophyllata,  Blyrtus  caryophyllata  —  o.  Canella, 
Lauras    cassia  —  c.    Egyptian,    Cassia  senna  —  c. 

Bxcelsa,  0.  fistula. 

\  I'i-'ii  i.\,  i'.  nigra  sen  fietula'rit  seu 
Alexandri'na  sen  excel' $a  sen  Bonplandia'na, 
Canna,  C.  eoluti'va  sen  fietula,  Cathartoear'pue, 
Baetyrilo'biumfi*' tula,  Purging  Caste 

Ganificier,  Canifieier  on  en  Bdtons  on  dee  Bou- 
tique*. The  pulp  of  Cassia  Fis'tula  or  Catharto- 
car'pu*  Fistula,  Pudding  pipe  tree  ;  Fam.  Legu- 
minossBj  Sea:.  Syat.  Decandria  Bfonogynia,  /'"/pa 
Cassia  Aramen'tum,  Ca**ieB  Fixtnlce 
Pulpa,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  is  obtained  in  long 
pods,  is  black,  bright  and  shining;  sweet,  Blightly 
acid,  and  inodorous.  It  is  laxative  in  the  dose 
of  5fiv  to  5j. 

Cassia  Lanceolata,  C.  senna — c.  Lignea, 
Lauras  cassia  —  c.  Lignea  Malabariea,  Lauras 
cassia. 

Cassia  Matutlan'otoa,  Senna  Amerioa'na, 
Amerioan  or  Wild  Senna,  Locust  plant,  (F.)  S6n4 
(PAmirique.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  arc  similar, 
in  virtue,  to  those  of  cassia  senna.  They  are, 
however,  much  inferior  in  strength. 

Cassia    Xm;i:a.    0.    fistula  —  c.    Officinalis,    C. 
senna — c.  Orientalis,  C  senna — c.  Purgin 
sia  fistula. 

:\  Si:\v\,  C.  laneeola'ta  sen  aeutifo'Ua 
sen  orienta'lis  sen  offieina'U*.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  senna.  It  is  yielded,  how- 
ever, by  several  species  of  the  genus  cassia.  The 
leaves  of  senna.  Senna  Folia,  Senna  Alexandria 
na  Ben  Ttal'ica,  Sena,  Senna  or  JEgyptian 
I  V. )  Si' in',  Oasse  Sine",  have  a  faint  smell,  and 
bitterish  taste.  The  active  part,  by  Some  called 
Cathartin,  is  extracted  by  alcohol  and  water. 
Their  activity  is  injure. 1  by  boiling  water.  They 
are  a  hydragogue  cathartic,  and   apt   to 

:  the  powder,  J^j  to  3J-     Infusion  is  the 
■  tin. 

The  varieties  of  senna,  in  oommeroe,  are  77//- 
nivelly  Senna,  Bombay  or  Co»*inon  India  Senna, 
Alexandrian  Senna,  Tripoli  Senna,  and  Aleppo 
St  a  a  'i. 

<  ISSLffl  \K  OMENTUM,  Bee  Cassia  Bstula— 
e.  Fistulas  pulpa,  see  Cassia  fistula  —  c.  Floras, 
see  Lauras  oinnamomum. 

CASSIALA,  Hyssopus. 

C  \SS1D  \  GALERICULATA,  Scutellaria  ga- 
lericulata. 

CASSIDE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria  galerioulata. 

SIN  \.  Ilex  vomitoria! 

C  V.SSINE  C  \i:<>UXI  \XA.  Eles  paraguensis 
— e.  Evergreen,  Ilex  vomitoria — cPeragua,  Qez 
paraguensis. 

CASSIS,  Kibe-  nigrum, 

c  LSSITEROS, 

0ASS1  Mi  'XI  \  l:.  Casamu'nar,  C  monar, 
Zerumbet,  Catmina,  Ri'sagon,  Ben' gall  Indo'rum, 
Bengal  Root,  (P.)  Raeim  <!<■  Bengale.  A  root, 
obtained  from  the  East  Indies,  in  Irregular  slices 
of  various  forms;  Boms  eu1  transversely,  others 

longitudinally.      It   is   an    aromatic    bitter,  and  Is 

consequently  tonic  and  stimulant.    It  was  onco 


CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM    174 


CATAGOGLOSSUM 


considered  a  panacea,  and  has  been  referred  to 
Zingiber  Cassumuniar,  Z.  Clifford' ia  sea  pur pu'- 
reum,  Amo'mum  monta'nnm,  and  to  Zingiber  Ze- 
rumbet  seu  spu'rium,  Amo'mum  Zerumbet  seu  syl- 
ves'tre. 

CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM,  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

CAS'SYTA  FTLTFORM'IS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat  Ord.  Laurinese,  which  is  employed 
by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  wash  in  scald  head, 
and  as  an  antiparasitic. 

CAST,  Contortion,  Caste  —  c.  in  the  Eye,  see 
Strabismus. 

CASTALIA  SPECIOSA,  Ny mph sea  alba. 

CASTANEA,  Fagus  eastanea:  see,  also,  Fagus 
castanea  pumila — c.  Equina,  iEsculus  Hippoeas- 
tanum — c.  Pumila,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CASTE,  Cast,  from  (P.)  Casta,  'race  or  lineage.' 
A  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese  in  India,  to 
classes  of  society,  divided  according  to  occupa- 
tions, which  have  remained  distinct  from  the 
earliest  times.  Hence  a  separate  and  fixed  order 
or  class.     See  Half-caste. 

CASTELLAMARE  DI  STABIA,  WATERS 
OF.  Castellamare  di  Stabia  is  a  town  in  Naples, 
in  the  Principato  Citra,  15  miles  S.  S.  E.  of  Na- 
ples. There  are  two  springs,  the  one  sulphu- 
reous, the  other  chalybeate. 

CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  near  Acqui,  in  Italy,  are 
sulphureous. 

CASTERA-YIYENT,  WATERS  OF.  Cas- 
tera-Vivent  is  a  small  village  in  the  department 
of  Gers,  near  which  is  a  cold  acidulous  chaly- 
beate, and  another  which  is  sulphureous  and 
thermal.     Temp.  84°  Fahrenheit. 

CASTIGANS,  Corrigent. 

CASTIGLIO'NIA  LOBA'TA,  Pinoncillo  tree. 
A  tree,  which  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Peru, 
and  grows  wild  in  abundance.  Its  beautiful  fruit, 
when  roasted,  has  an  agreeable  flavour.  When 
an  incision  is  made  into  the  stem,  a  clear  bright 
liquid  flows  out,  which,  after  some  time,  becomes 
black  and  horny-like.  It  is  a  very  powerful 
caustic. 

CASTILLON  POWDERS,  see  Powders,  Cas- 
tillon. 

CASTING,  Yomiting. 

CASTJOE,  Catechu. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  WATERS  OF.  A  sulphu- 
reous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  celebrated 
for  the  cure  of  cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

CASTOR  BAY,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Car.is  Pon'ticus,  the 
Beaver.  [~F.)  Castor.  It  furnishes  the  Castor. 
Rondelet  recommends  slippers  made  of  its  skin 
in  gout.  Its  blood,  urine,  bile,  and  fat,  were  for- 
merly used  in  medicine. 

Castor  Oil  Plaxt,  Ricinus  communis. 

CASTO'REUM,  Oisto'rium,  Castor,  Castoreum 
Ros'sicum  et  Canaden'se,  from  Kaarup,  '  the  bea- 
ver,' quasi  yaorwp,  from  yaarrjo,  '  the  belly,'  be- 
cause of  the  size  of  its  belly.  [?]  A  peculiar 
matter  found  in  the  follicles  of  the  prepuce  of  the 
beaver,  Castor  fiber.  Its  odour  is  strong,  unplea- 
sant, and  peculiar;  taste  bitter,  subacrid  ;  and 
colour  orange  brown.  It  is  antispasmodic,  and 
often  emploved.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

CASTORINA,  from  Castoreum,  'castor.'  Me- 
dicines containing  castor. 

CASTRANGULA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

CAST  RAT,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TION,  Castra'tio,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia, 
Evira'tio,  Excastra'tio,  Etesticula'tio,  Extirpa'tio 
testiculo'rum,  Detesta'tio,  Exsec'tio  viril'ium,  Eu- 
nuchis'mus,  Orchotom'ia,  Oreheot'omy,  Orchidot'- 
omy,  Gelding,  Spaying,  (F.)  Chatrure.  The 
operation  of  removing  the  testicles.  Sometimes 
the  term  is  employed  for  the  operation  when  per- 


formed on  one  testicle ;  hence  the  division  into 
complete  and  incomplete  castration.  Castration 
renders  the  individual  incapable  of  reproduction. 

The  term  Spaying  is  usually  restricted  to  the 
removal  of  the  ovaries. 

CASTRATO.  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TUS,  (I.)  Castro' to,  Ertom'ins, 
Emascula'tus,  Ecira'tus,  Exsec'tus,  Dcsec'tus,  Ex- 
testicula'tus,  Ex  maribus,  Inteatab'ilis,  Infcsta'tus, 
Spado,  Apoc'opus,  Bago'as,  from  enstrare.  l  to 
castrate.'  (F.)  Castrat,  Chat  re.  One  deprived 
of  testicles.  In  the  Southern  States  an  animal 
thus  situated  is  said  to  be  al'tered.  This  priva- 
tion has  a  great  influence  on  the  development  of 
puberty.  It  is  practised  to  procure  a  clearer  and 
sharper  voice  ;  and  in  the  East,  the  guardians  of 
the  harem,  for  the  sake  of  security,  are  converted 
into  Castra'ti  or  Eu'nuchs,  evvovxoi.  Eunuchs 
have  generally  both  testes  and  penis  removed. 

CASUS,  Prolapsus,  Symptom  —  c.  Palpebrae 
superioris,  Blepharoptosis — c.  Uvulge,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 

CAT  FOOT,  Gnaphalium  polycephalum.      . 

CAT  TAIL,  Typha  latifolia. 

CATA,  Kara,  'downwards.'  'after,'  applied  to 
time  :  at  times,  it  gives  additional  force  to  the 
radical  word.     A  common  prefix,  as  in — 

CATAB'ASIS,  from  Karafiaivw,  'I  descend.' 
An  expulsion  of  humours  downwards.  Also,  a 
descent,  Descen'sus,  Descen'sio,  —  as  of  the  tes- 
ticles, Descen'sus  testicnlo' rum. 

CATABLE'MA,  Karaj3\Wa,  (Kara  and  ffakXup,) 
'anything  let  fall,  as  a  curtain,'  Epible'ma,  Pe- 
rible'ma.  The  outermost  bandage  which  secures 
the  rest. 

CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA,  from  KaraP'Bia- 
fios,  '  submersion,'  and  /xavia,  '  mania.'  Insanity, 
with  a  propensity  to  suicide  by  drowning. 

CATACASMUS,  Cupping,  Scarification. 

CATACAUMA,  Burn. 

CATACAUSIS,  Combustion,  human— c.  Ebri- 
osa,  Combustion,  human. 

CATACERAS'TICUS,  from  KaraKspavvvpi,  'I 
temper,'  'I  correct.'  The  same  as  Epicerattticus. 
A  medicine  capable  of  blunting  acrimony  of  the 
humours. 

CATACHASMOS,  Scarification 

CATACHRISIS,  Inunction. 

CATACHRISTON,  Liniment. 

CATACH'YSIS,  Effn'sio,  Per/u'sio.  from  Kara- 
X£oo,  'I  pour  upon.  Affusion  with  cold  water.  — • 
Hippocrates.     Decantation. 

CATAC'LASIS,  from  KaraK\a^,  'I  break  to 
pieces.'  Cam'pylum,  Campylo'tis.  Distortion,  or 
spasmodic  fixation  of  the  eyes  ;  spasmodic  occlu- 
sion of  the  eyelids.  Also,  fracture  of  a  bone. — ■ 
Hippocrates.  Vogel. 

CATACLEIS',  from  Kara,  'beneath,'  and  *-Anj, 
'the  clavicle;'  'a  lock  or  fastening,'  tcaraicXsia 
(Kara  and  k\£iu),  I  lock  up.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  many  parts,  as  to  the  first  rib,  the 
acromion,  the  joining  of  the  sternum  with  the 
ribs,  &c. 

CATACLEI'SIS,  same  etymon.  A  locking  up. 
Theactof  lockingup.  Morbidunion  of  the  eye-lids. 

CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclys'ma,  L'ata'clysis, 
from  KaTaic\v$£iv,  'to  submerge,  inundate.'  A 
Clyster. — Hippocr.  Others  mean,  by  the  terra,  a 
shower-bath,  or  copious  affusion  of  water;  Catee- 
one'sis.     Ablution,  Douche. 

CAT^EONESIS,  Catantlema,  Cataclysmus. 

CATAGAUNA,  Cambogia. 

CATAGLOSSUM,  Glossocatochus. 

CATAGMA,  Fracture — c.  Fissura,  Fissure,  see 
Contrafissura — c.  Fractura,  Fracture. 

CATAGMAT'ICS,  Catagmat'ica  remed'ia,  from 
Karayna,  'fracture.'  Remedies  supposed  to  be 
capable  of  occasioning  the  formation  of  callus. 

CATAGOGLOS'SUM,  from  Karayuv,  'to  draw 


CATAGIIAIMIOLOGIA 


175 


CATAPLASM A 


down,'  and  y\u)ooa,  'the  I  D  instrument 

for  pressing  down  the  tongue.     See  (iloasocato- 
ehus. 
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA,Pharmaoocatagrapho- 

CA  TAIRE,  X«  I 

•  u:.\  l'l  \.     Epilepsy,  ur  soma  i 

resembling  it  — Paracelsus. 
CATAEEPSIA  SPURIA,  I 
CATALEP'SY,   Catalep'sia,   Catalep'eie,  Cat'- 
it'oeha  Oale'ni,  iforbus  attmi'- 
itus  Celsi,  Hyste'ria  eatalep'tica,  Congela'tio,  De- 
ft n'tio,Encatalep' sis,  Aphonia — (  Hippoer.,  )Anau'~ 
ttia  —  (Antigenes,)   Apprekem'sio,   Conti  mpla'tio, 
Stupor  vig"ilan»,  Prehen'eio,    • 
Oppree'eio,  <  'omprt  hen'sio — (Cad.  Aurelian, 

.,  Apoplex'ia  <  'atalep'sia,from  KaTaXaiiJavu, 
*  I  seise  hold  of     Tranee\?]    (¥.)Catalepi 

in  which  there  is  sudden  suspension  of 
don  of  the  senses  and  of  volition:  the 
limbs  and  trunk  preserving  the  different  positions 
given  to  them.  It  is  a  rare  sffeotion,  but  is  Been, 
at  times,  as  a  form  of  hysteria.  Some  of  the 
(niters  have  used  the  word  in  its  true  ac- 
ceptation of  a  *'  izure,  surprise,  etc. 

CATALEPTIC,  CataUp'ticm  eptique. 

Same  etymon.      Relating  to  catalepsy.      Affected 
with  catal.  | 

Catai.ki''th'  Mbthod,  Meik'odtu  Catalep'tica. 
The  administration  of  external  agents  when  in- 
ternal agents  are  inapplicable. 

CATALOT'IC,  Catalot'tCOM,  from  Karaloau),  'to 
break  or  grind  down.'  A  remedy  which  removes 
unseemly  cicatrices. 

CATAL' PA,  C.  Arbo'rea  seu  Cordifo'lia  sou 
Arhorttfeene  sea  BignonioVaes  Beu  Syringafo'lia, 
Bigno'nia  Catal' pa,  Catavo'ba  tree.  Bean  tree, 
Indian  Bean.  A  decoction  of  the  pods  of  the 
Catalpa,  an  American  tree,  of  the  Order  Bigno- 
niaoess,  Didynamia  Angiospermia,  has  been  re- 
commended in  chronic  nervous  asthma. 

Catalpa  Abborea,  Catalpa — c.  Bignonioides, 
Catalpa — c.  Cordifolia,  Catalpa— c.  Syringiofolia, 

Catal] 

(' A TAL'YSIS,  Paralysis,  from  Kara,  and  Avoj, 
1 1  dissolve  or  decompose.'  77/e  action  of  pre- 
sence in  producing  decomposition  :  as  when  a 
body  which  possesses  what  has  been  termed  ca- 
talytic force  —  (F.)  Force  eatalytique  —  resolves 
other  bodies  into  new  compounds  by  mere  con- 
tact <>r  presence,  without  itself  experiencing  any 
modification. 

I  ATA  LYTIC,    Catal;//' ia*.       Same    etymon. 
A  medicine,  which  is  presumed  to  act  by  the  de- 
struction or  counteraction  of  morbid  agencies  in 
the  blood. — Headland.     See  Catalysis, 
CATALYTIC  FORCE,  see  Catalysis. 
CATAMENIA,  Menses — e.  Alba,  Leu corrhoea. 
CATAMK'M  \h.     Catamenia'lis,    Men'etruml, 
>ni",    Men'struoue,    (P.)    Menetruel,    from 
■  ■!  unv,  'a  month.'     Appertaining  or  rela- 
ting to  the  catamenia. 

CATAMBNIORUM  FLUXUS  LMMODICUS, 
Menorrhagia. 
C  ITANANCE,  Cichorium  intybus. 

^NGELOS,  Rosens. 
CATANTLE'MA,      Catantle'sie,     from      Kara, 
'upon.'    and   airAnw.    'I   poor.'      Cateone'sis  and 
Ahlution  with   warm  water.      A  fo- 
bion,  Mareellus  Bmpiricus. 
CATAPAS'MA,  from    cararanw,   '  I  sprinkle.' 
is'tum,     Cousper'sio,     Epipas'ton,     Patina, 
Empas'ma,  Diapas'ma,  Xer'ion,  As- 
,,.!•' tun i,  1'iihix  nxp, rso'ritts.  A  com- 
pound medicine,  in  the  form  of  powder,  employed 
by  the  ancients  to  sprinkle  on  aloers,  absorb  per- 
spiration, Ac. — Paulus  of  .l'_ritia. 

CATAPH'ORA,  «a  fall,'  from  rarnfspes,  'I 
throw  down.'     A  state    resembling   sleep,   with 


'  privation    of    feeling    and    voire.       Somnolency. 
According  to  other.-,  Cataphora  is  sim] 
found   sleep,  which  it  is  difficult  to  rouse    from — 
in  this  sense  being  Syn  mymous  srith  Sopor. 

Cataphoba  Coma,  see  Apoplexy  —  c.  Hydro- 
cephali  pl*xv  —  <•.  Cymini,  Tberiaea 

Londinensis — c.  Magnetica,  Bomnambulisn  . 
netic 

CATAPHRACTA,  Cataphrac'tes,  B  Cuirass, 
from  KaTiKpfjaaau),  'I  fortify. '  A  name  given  by 
Galen  to  a  bandage  applied  round  the  thorax 
and  shoulders     L  was  also  called  Qnadri'ga. 

c  VIA  I'll. sis.  Depression. 

CATAPIN0SI8,  Absorption. 

CATAP'LASIS,     from      Kum^'Xacau),     ': 
smear.'      The    act    of    besmearing    or    overlaying 
with  plaster. 

C  A  I  'A  PL  A  8  M,  CatapIaSmo,  Epiptae'- 
!■>■',  Poultice,  /'ii/fisc,  (Prov.)  Pufeey,  from 
KaTarXaaoLti',  (vara  anil  n\a<tativ,  'to  form  or 
mould.')  'to  besmear.'  (F.)  Gataplasi  ■ 
medicine  applied  externally,  under  the  form  of  a 
thick  pap.  Cataplasms  are  formed  of  various  in- 
gredients, and  for  different  objects.  Tiny  may 
no r,  emollient,  tonic,  antiseptic,  irritating^ 
etc.  A  simple  poultice  acts  only  by  virtue  of  its 
warmth  and  moisture.  Mealy,  fatty  substances, 
of  plants,  certain  fruits,  crumb  of  bread, 
A--.,  are  the  nm.-t  common  bases.  The  chief  poul- 
tioes which  have  been  officinal  arc  tin'  following: 
—  Anodyne  —  c.  Cicntse,  e.  Digitalis.  Antiseptic 
— o.  Carbonis,  o.  Dauei,  c.  Fermenti,  c.  A 
c.  Curaini.  Emollient — e.  Lini,  c.  Panis,  o.  MaH 
maturi.  Irritating — e.  Sinapis,  o.  Sodii  chloridi, 
c.  Quercfis  MarinL  Touie  and  Astringent  —  c. 
Alum,  c.  Goulard,  c.  of  1 

The  Parisian  Codex  had  some  other  officinal 
cataplasms  : — -1.  Cataplaa'ma  anod'ynumf  i 
poppyand  hyosoyamus.  2.  Cataplas'maemoUiens, 
made  of  meal  and  pulps.  .*>>.  Cataplaa'ma  ad  sup- 
puratio'nem  prontoven'dam,  of  pulps  and  basilicon. 
1.  Cataplaa'ma  rubefa'ciens  vel  antiplenrit'icum, 
formed  of  pepper  and  vinegar. 

The  <>nly  cataplasms,  the  preparation  of  which 
it  is  important  to  describe,  are  some  of  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Cataplasm,  Ai.cm,  Coagulant  Aluminosnm  — 
I  c.  of  Beer  grounds,  see  Cataplasms  Fermenti  — 
c.  Carrot.  Cataplasms  Dauci— c.  Charcoal,  Cata- 
plasms carbonis  ligni  —  e.  of  Chlorinatt  I 
Cataplasms  Soda'  chlorinates — o.  Flaxseed,  Cata- 
plasma  Lini — o.  Hemlock,  Cataplasms  Conii — c. 
[ce  —  e.  Linseed,  Cataplasms  Lini  —  c. 
Slippery  Blm,  Catapla.-ma  Ulmi— c.  Yeast.  Cata- 
plasms Fermenti. 

CATAPLASM  A.  Cataplasm— a  Bynes, 

Fermenti. 

Catapi. as'm  \  Carbo'ihs,  Ohareoal  Cataplasm 
or  poultice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  an  charbon.  Made 
by  adding  powdered  charcoal  to  a  common  cata- 
plasm.    Used  as  an  antiseptic  to  foul  ah 

C  v  I  \pi  ks'M  \  Coni'i,  Hemlock  Cataplasm,  made 
fading  sofi  Kit  nut  of  Hemlock  on  a  flax- 
seed poultice.  Used  in  malignant  painful  ulcers. 
plas'ma  Dauci,  Carrot  Cataplasm  or 
poultice.  Made  by  boiling  the  root  of  the  Carrot 
until  it  ugh  t"  form  ,-i  poultic  .     Used 

in  fetid  ulcers. 

('  \  :  \i'i   !  •  ■'  \    F  ]  I  i  i    i     -  |  .   p,  r. 

menti. 

C\  rAFLAt'l  I    l'i      '"  •  i  ':.'  ! 
Cataplasm  or  poult  iplasme  dt   I. 

Take  of  wheaten  flour,  ftjj  yeast  and  water,  55, 
t^v.     Expose  U   ■■>  -'title  heat.  |     It  i-  si  tiseptic, 
good  application  to  bruises.     A  Cataplasm 
of  Beer  Grounds,  Catania sma  Fa'cula  Cer< 
(\  Bynes,  \<  used  in  the  same 

Catapi  ls'ma  Lnn,  Linseed  or  Flaxseed  Cata- 
plasm, (F.)  Cataplasmt    >!•  farine  • 


CATAPLASME 


CATARACT 


plasme  commun,  made  by  mixing  boiling  water 
with  linseed  meal,  is  an  excellent  emollient. 

Cataplas'ma  SlN A' PIS,  C.  Sina'jjeos,  Sin'a- 
pism,  Mustard  Cataplasm,  poultiee  or  plaster,  (F.) 
Gatapfasme  de  Moutard  ou  Sinapisme.  (Mustard 
and  linseed  meal  or  meal,  aa,  equal  parts:  warm 
vinegar  or  water,  q.  s.)  A  rubefacient  and  stimu- 
lant applied  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  in  coma,  low 
typhus,  etc.,  as  well  as  to  the  pained  part  in  rheu- 
matism, &c. 

Cataplas'ma  Sod^e  Chlorina'tjE,  Cataplasm 
of  Chlo'rinated  Soda.  Made  by  adding  solution  of 
chlorinated  soda  to  a  common  flaxseed  catajilasm. 
Applied  to  foul,  offensive  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  Ulmi,  Slippery  Elm  poultice,  is 
made  by  adding  boiling  water  to  the  powdered 
bark  of  Ulmusfulva,  stirring  constantly.  It  is  a 
light,  agreeable  cataplasm. 

CATAPLASME,  Cataplasm  —  c.  an  Charbon, 
Cataplasma  carbonis  ligni — c.  de  Purine  de  Lin, 
Cataplasma  lint. 

CAT  APLEX'IS,  Stupor,  from  Kara,  and  nXnaau, 
1 1  strike.'  The  act  of  striking  with  amazement. 
Appearance  of  astonishment,  as  exhibited  by  the 
eyes  in  particular.     See  Haemodia. 

CATAPOSIS,  Deglutition. 

CATAPOTIA,  Pilula. 

CATAPOTION,  Pilula. 

CATAPSYX'IS,  from  (cara^/D^w, 'I  refrigerate.' 
Peripsyx'is.  Considerable  coldness  of  the  body, 
without  rigor  and  korripihttio. — Galen.  Perfric'- 
tio.  Coldness  in  the  extreme  parts  of  the  limbs. 
— Hippocrates. 

CATAPTO'SIS,  Decideyi'tia,  a  fall.  This  word, 
at  times,  expresses  the  fall  of  a  patient,  attacked 
with  epilepsy  or  apoplexy;  at  others,  the  sudden 
resolution  of  a  paralytic  limb. 

CATAPULTA  VIRILTS,  Penis. 

CATAPUTIA  MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
Ricinus  communis. 

CAT'ARACT,  Catarac'ta,  Catarrhac'ta,  Suffu'- 
sio  Oc'uli,  S.  Lentis  crystaWincs,  Phtharma  cata- 
rac'ta, Cali'go  lentis,  Gutta  oj)a'ca,  Hypoc'hyma, 
Ho'poc'ltysis,  Hopopk'ysis,  Phacoscoto'nia,  Parop'- 
sis  catarac'ta,  Glauco'ma  11  oulhou'si,  from  tcara- 
patraav,  (Kara  and  paaauv,)  'to  tumble  down.'  A 
deprivation  of  sight,  which  comes  on  as  if  a  veil 
fell  before  the  eyes.  Cataract  consists  in  opacity 
of  the  crystalline  lens  or  its  capsule,  which  pre- 
vents the  passage  of  the  rays  of  light,  and  pre- 
cludes vision.  The  causes  are  obscure.  Diag- 
nosis. —  The  patient  is  blind,  the  pupil  seems 
closed  by  an  opake  body,  of  variable  colour,  but 
commonly  whitish  :  —  the  pupil  contracting  and 
dilating.  Cataracts  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  spurious  and  genuine.  The  former,  where 
the  obstacle  to  vision  is  between  the  capsule  of 
the  lens  and  the  uvea:  the  latter,  where  it  is  in 
the  lens  or  capsule.  A  lenticular  cataract  is 
where  the  affection  is  seated  in  the  lens : — a  cap- 
sular or  membranous,  in  the  capsule.  The  cap- 
sular is  divided  again,  by  Beer,  into  the  anterior, 
posterior,  and  complete  capsular  cataract.  Allien 
the  capsule  is  rendered  opake,  in  consequence 
of  an  injury,  which  cuts  or  ruptures  any  part  of 
it,  it  thickens,  becomes  leathery,  and  has  been 
called  Catarac'ta  arida  siliquo'sa.  Catarac'ta 
Morgagnia'na  lactea  sen  purifor'mis  is  the  milky 
variety,  in  which  the  crystalline  is  transformed 
into  a  liquid  similar  to  milk,  (F.)  Cataracte  lai- 
teuse  ;  or,  as  generally  defined,  in  which  there  is 
opacity  of  the  fluid  situate  between  the  lens  and 
its  capsule.  The  cap' sulo-lentic' ular  affects  both 
lens  and  capsule,  (Achrystallodiaphanie,  Adia- 
phanie  pirichrystaltiqne — Piorry,)and  Beer  con- 
ceives the  liquor  Morgagni,  in  an  altered  state, 
may  contribute  to  it.  Cataracts  are  also  called 
hard,  soft  (Phacomala'cia,),  stony,  (F.  pierreuse,) 
milky  or  cheesy  {laiteuse  ou  caseuse,),  Galactocata- 


rac'ta,  Catarac'ta  lactic'olor,  according  to  their 
density  :  —  white,  pearly,  yellow,  brown,  gray, 
green,  black,  (F.)  blanche,  perlee,  jaune,  brune, 
grise,  verte,  noire,  according  to  their  colour:  — 
fixed  or  vacillating  —  catarac'ta  capsulo-lenticn- 
la'ris  fixa  vel  trem'ula,  (F.)  fixe  ou  branlante, 
according  as  they  are  fixed  or  movable  behind 
the  pupil.  They  are  likewise  called  Catarac'ta 
maruwra'cicB,  fenestra' tee,  stella'tce,  puncta'tce, 
dimidia'tas,  &c,  according  to  the  appearances 
they  present. 

They  may  be  simjjle,  or  complicated  with 
adhesion,  amaurosis,  specks,  &c. ;  and  primary 
or  primitive,  when  opake  before  the  operation; — 
secondary,  when  the  opacity  is  the  result  of  the 
operation. 

The  following  classification  of  cataracts  is  by 
M.  Desniarres : — 

Class  I. —  True  Cataracts. 


f 


a.  Lenticular 
Cataracts. 


Hard. 


Soft. 


f  Green. 
J  Black. 
1  Osseous. 
[  Stony  or  chalky. 
fStriated-etiolated, 
barred,     dehis- 
cent, with  three 
branches,  &c. 
-j  Disseminated,  or 
dotted. 
Congenital. 
Traumatic. 
Glaucomatous. 
Morgagnian,     or 
interstitial. 
I  Cystic,  purulent, 


Liquid. 

(_    "fetid. 
Other    varie-  (  Shaking,  or  float- 
ties,  soft, hard,  I       inar. 


_  or  liquid. 


Luxated. 


b.  Capsular 
Cataracts. 

c.  Capsulo- 
ventricular 

Cataracts. 

d.   Secondary 
Cataracts. 


{Pyramidal 
getant. 
Arid  siliqui 


Anterior. 

Posterior. 

(^  Arid  suiquose. 

All  the  varieties  of  lenticular  and 

capsular  Cataracts. 

{Lenticular. 
Capsular. 
Capsulo-lenticular. 


Class  II. — False  Cataracts. 

Fibrinous. 
Purulent. 

Sanguineous. 
Pigmentous. 

Cataract  is  commonly  a  disease  of  elderly  indi- 
viduals, although,  not  unfrequently,  congen' ital. 
It  forms  slowly :  objects  are  at  first  seen  as 
through  a  mist;  light  bodies  appear  to  fly  before 
the  eyes,  and  it  is  not  until  after  months  or  years 
that  the  sight  is  wholly  lost.  No  means  will  ob- 
viate the  evil  except  an  operation,  which  consists 
in  removing  the  obstacle  to  the  passage  of  the 
light  to  the  retina.  Four  chief  methods  are  em- 
ployed for  this  purpose.  1.  Couching  or  Depres- 
sion, Hyalonix'is,  Hyalonyx'is,  (F.)  Abaissement, 
Deplacement  de  la  Cataracte.  This  consists  in 
passing  a  cataract  needle  through  the  sclerotica 
and  subjacent  membranes,  a  little  above  the 
transverse  diameter  of  the  eye:  and  at  about  two 
lines'  distance  from  the  circumferance  of  the 
transparent  cornea,  until  the  point  arrives  in  the 
posterior  chamber  of  the  eye.  AA'ith  this  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  to  the  outer  and  lower 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  where  it  is  left. 
2.  By  absorption,  —  by  the  French  termed  broic- 
ment  or  bruising.  This  is  performed  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  former;  except  that,  instead  of 


C  A  T  A  R  A  C  T  A 


177 


CATARTISMUS 


turning  the  crystalline  from  the  axis  of  the  visual 
is    divided  by  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
.  and    its   fragment*  are  scattered  in  the 
humours  of  the   ej  ■■■  m  her  i  they  are  a*  - 

bich  consists  in  opening, 
a  particular  kind  of  knife,  the  transparent  cornea 
and  the  anterior  }>« » rt i« •  n  of  the  oap8Ule  of  the 
crystalline  ;  and  causing  the  lens  to  Issue  through 
tare.  Bach  of  the  processes  bas  its  ad- 
.'.'1  all  are  ui 
surgeons,     l-  S  >me,  again,  pass  a  cataract  needle 

l  the  transparent  cornea  ami  pupil   to   the 

-  absorption. 

This  i»  called  Ceratonyxis.  See,  also,  Reclination. 

tACT,    BLACK,    Amaurosis  —  e.    Capsular. 

see  Catai  >  I       .  Capsulo-lenticular,  see  Cataract 

tradiaphanes  —  c  Cheet 
Cataract — c.  Congenital,  see  Cataract — '••  Com- 
i  I  lataraet  —  c  Fix<  uract  — 

c.  Genu  tract  —  e.  Hard,  see  Cataract 

—  e.  Lenticular,  see  Cataract — e.  Membranous, 
see  Cataract— C  Milky,  see   Cataract  —  e.  Opake, 

tract— C,  Primary,  see  Cataract. — c.  l'rimi- 
tivc.  .-■  ■  '  itaracl — c.  Secondary,  see  Cataract— 
o.  Simple.  Bee  Cataract  -      -  Cataract — c. 

Spurious,  see  Cataract— c.  Stony,  see  Cataract— 
c.  Vaci  lating,  see  « lataraet 

CATAR  \.    1  A.   Cataract  — c.   Ar'ula  siliquosa, 
aract— c.  Capsulo-lenticularis,  see  Cata- 
ract—  c.  Centralis,  Centradiap'uanes  —  c.  Dimidi- 
;  act  —  e.  Fenestrate^  see  Cataract  — 
c.  Glaitea,  Glaucoma — c.  Laotioolor,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Liquida,  Bygrocataraota  —  e.  Marmoraoea, 
see  Cataract  — c.  Morgagniana,  Bee  Cataract  —  c. 
Nigra,  Amaurosis — c  Punctata,  see  Cataract — c. 
Stella)  tract 

CA  TARACTE,  ABATSSE  VENT  DE  LA,  see 
Cataract  — c.  Blanche,  see  Cataract — c.  Braulante, 
see  Cataract — c.  Brune,  see  Cataract — c.  Caeittse, 
see  Cataract — <■.  Diplacemeni  de  la,  see  Cataract 
— c.  t  tract — c.  Grise,  see  Cataract — 

c.  Juii  i  .  SOS    Cataract 

—  r.  Noire,  A  a  ataract — c.  PerUe, 

-c.  Pierreueef  see  Cataract — c  !•     e, 
see  Cataract 

CATARACTE  V..  Catarac'tue,  Catarac'td 
vitiu'r.  rith  cataract  The  French 

use  this  term,  both  for  the  eye  affected  with  cata- 
ract and  the  patient  himself. 

C  \'l  \  R  I  \  Nepeta— o.  Vulgaris,  N 

CATARRH',  Catar'rhm,  Catar1 rhopue,  Catar- 
rheu'tim,  Rhi  uma,  Deflux'io,  Cataetag'ma,  Phleg- 
Wtatorrhag''ia,Phlegmatorrha  '",  from  rara,  'down- 
ward-,'  and  pew,  '  I  flow.'     A  discharge  of  Quid 
from  a  mu  uus  membrane.     The  ancient-  oonsi- 
i  simple  flux,  and  not  as  an  in- 
flammation.    Generally  it  partakes  q£  this  eha- 
.    however.      Catarrh    is,    with    us,   usually 
restrict.  I  to  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
if  the  air-passages :  the  French  extend  it 
to  that   of  all    mucous    membranes;    (F.)  Flux 
muqueux,  Fluxion  catarrhale. 

Catarrh,  in  the  English  Bense,  Broncho  oatarf. 

rfiui,    Pul'monary     Catarrh,     Lung    fever    (vul- 

*till<i'ti<>   Pec'toria, 

rhus    Pec'torie,   C.   Pulmo'nunt,   C.   Pulmo- 

Blennop'tyeie,    Tut 
I'lin    simplex,    Grave' do   (of    D   I 
Catarrhn'lii,    Ulennotho' rax,  Bronchi' tie,  Catar1' 
rh,iH  d   Fri'gore,  a   Cold,  I  .     Co- 

tarrh<  irrhaU .  I'' 

i  tiei.il  inflammation  of  the  mu- 
oous  follicles  of  the  trachea  and  bronchi  It  is  com- 
monly .in  affection  of  but  litt'e  consequence,  bat 
apt  to  relapse  and  become  ehronie.     It  is  cbarae- 

i    by  cough,   thir.-t,    la--  .   watery 

of  m  icus  from  the 
nir-p:'  tiphlogistio   regimen    and 

time  is  re  it.     Sometimes,  the  intlaui- 

12 


mation  of  the  bronchial  tubes  is  so  great  as  to 
prove  fatal. 

Catarrh,  A<  i  re,  oi  m  (Jtbri  b,  see  .Metri- 
tis—  e.  Chronic,  Bronohitis,  (ohronio) —  e.  Dry, 

Bronchitis  —  o.  Pulmonary,   Bronohil 
tarrh—  ver,  hay — c  Suffocating  ner- 

Asthma   Tbymicum — c  Summer.   I 
hay. 

lrrh',  Epidbm'ig,   Catar1  rhu*  epidem'icue, 


a  d 


couta  gio, 


Rhi 


epidi  m'icnm.     Catarrh 


prevailing  owing  to  some  particular  Conetitutio 
md  affeoting  a  whole  country, — In,  ' 

C  \T  \Ki:i!  LCTA,  Cataract 

c  LTAR'RHAL,  Catarrka'lie,  Catarrko'icue, 
Catarrhoit' icus,  Catarrhal  icue.  Relating  to 
catarrh, — as  Catarrhal  Fever. 

CA  TARRHE  AIGUh    DE  LTTi':i:i 
Metritis — c.    Buceai,    Aphtha  —  e.    Contii 
Bronchitis — <■■  Gaetrique,   GaBtritis — e.   Guttural, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  e.  Tnteetinal,  Diarrl 
o.   Laryngien,   Laryngitis  —  c   Natal,   Cory f a    - 
c.   Oculaire,  Ophthalmia  —  <•.  de   VOreille,  Otir- 
rlfoea — c.  Pharyngien,  Cynanche  parotides  —  e. 
Pituiteux,   Bronohorrboea  — <•.   Pulmnnai\ 
tarrh — e.  Sec;  see  Bronchitis — c  Stomacal,  Gas- 
trorrhoea  —  c,  UUrin,  Leucorrhcsa —  c.   !■ 
Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHEC'TICA,    from    Karapprtyvvpi,    •  I 
break   down.'     Remedies    considered  pr< 
evacuating;  —  as  diuretics,  cathartics,  Ac — Hip- 
pocrates. 

i  ATARRHEUMA,  Catarrh. 

CA  TARRHEUX  (F.)  Gatarrko'eut.  One  sub- 
ject to  catarrh  :   affected  with  catarrh. 

CATARRIIKX'IA,  Catarrhex'ie ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Catarrheetieu.  The  action  of  Catarrh  ec- 
tioa.     Also,  effusion;  evacuation  of  the  bowels. 

CATARRHEXIS,  Catarrhaxia,  Excrement— c. 
Vera,  Hmmatochezia. 

OATARRHffiA,  Rheumatism. 

CATARRIIOKT'ICUS,  from  Karappw,  'I  flow 
from.'  An  epithet  for  disease  produced  by  a 
discbarge  of  phlegm;  catarrhal. 

CATAR'RHOPA   PHY'MATA,  from  Kurapoo- 
roj,  Karappoxns,  'sloping  downwards.'    Tul 
tending  downwards,  or  with   their  apices  down- 
ward s. 

CATARRHOPHE,  Ihsorption. 
c  \T  IRRH0PHE8IS,  Absorption. 
CATARRHO'PIA,    Catar'rhyeie,    from    Kara, 

'downwards,' and  oonn,  'inclination.'     An  afflux 

of  fluids    towards    the    inferior  parts,  and    especi- 
I  ally  towards   the   viscera   of  the  abdomen.      The 
Greek  word  amooo-ui  expresses  an  opposite  phe- 
nomenon, or  B  tendency  towards  the  upper  parts. 

C  kTARRHOPUS,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHOS'CHESIS,  from  Karappoc,  'ca- 
tarrh,' and  ax_'an,  'suppression.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  mucous  discharge. 

C  LTARRHTJS,  Defluxion,  Tussis— o.  £sttvns, 
fever,  hay  —  c.  Bellinsulsnus,  Cynanche  paroti- 
d;ea  —  c.  l.ronch ial is.  Catarrh — •  c  Bronchiorum, 
Bronchitis  —  <•.  a  Contagio,  [nfluenza  —  <-.  Epi- 
demicus,  [nfluenza,  Catarrh,  epidemic  —  c. 
talium,  Leucorrhoen  —  c.  Gonorrhoea,  Gonorrhoea 
—  o.  Intestinalis,  Diarrhoea  —  o.  Laryngeus,  La- 
ryngo-catarrhus — <•.  :)d  Nares,  Coryza  -c. 
lis,  Coryza — •<•.  Pulmonalis,  Catarrh  —  c.  Pultno- 
num,  Bronchitis,  Catarrh — c.  Senilis,  Bronchitis, 
(chronic)  — e.  Suffocativus  Borbadensis,  C.  trache- 
alis — o.  Trachealis,  Lary  ago- ch  tarrh  us  —  c.  l  - 
thne,  Gonorrhoea  pura— c.  Crethralis,  Gouor- 
rhcea — c.  V(  hoea. 

(  LTARRHYSIS,  Catarrhopia,  Defluxion. 

C  LTARTISIS,  (Jatartismus. 

0ATARTIS'MU8,  Catar'tieie,  from  raraprc<«r, 
•  to  re|  air.  replace.'    The  coaptation  of  a  I  i 
or  fractured  hone,  or  hernia. 


C AT AS ARC A 


CATOCIlE 


OATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

CATASGEUE,  Structure. 

CATASCHASMUS,  Bloodletting,  Scarification. 

CATASTAGMUS,  Catarrh,  Coryza. 

CATASTALAGMUS,  Coryza,  Distillation. 

CATASTALTICA,  Hasina tostatica,  Sedatives, 
Styptics. 

CATAS'TASIS,  from  KaSiortini,  'I  establish.' 
The  constitution,  state,  condition,  Ac,  of  any 
thing.  —  Hippocrates.  Also,  the  reduction  of  a 
bone.      See  Constitution,  and  Habit  of  Body. 

CATAT'ASIS,  from  Karareivu),  'I  extend.'  Ex- 
tension. The  extension  and  reduction  of  a  frac- 
tured limb. — Hippocrates. 

CATATHLIPStS,  Oppression. 

CATAWBA   TREE,  Catalpa. 

CA TAXIS,  Fracture. 

CATCH  FLY,  Apocynum  androsaenrifolium, 
Silene  Yirginica. 

CATCHING,  see  Contagious. 

CATCHUP,  Ketchup. 

CAT'ECHU.  The  extract  of  the  wood  of 
Aca'cia  sen  Mimo'sa  Cat'tchu,  Cacet'chu,  and  of 
the  leaves  of  Nau'clea  seu  Unca'ria  gambir,  ori- 
ental trees.  The  drug  is  also  called  Extruc'tum 
Catechu,  Terra  Japoii'ica,  Japan  Earth,  Cascheu, 
Cadtchu,  Cashow,  Caitchtt,  Can/joe,  Co  can,  Cute, 
Kanth.  Cnti,  ditch,  Cairet,  Succits  Japon'icus, 
Gambir,  (F.)  Cachua.  It  is  a  powerful  astringent, 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemorrhage, 
&a.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  gss,  in  powder. 

Catkchu,  Square,  see  Nauclea  gambir. 

CATEIAD'ION,  from  Kara,  and  eia,  'a  blade  of 
grass.'  A  long  instrument  thrust  into  the  nostrils 
to  excite  hemorrhage  in  headach. — Aretams. 

CATENAE  MUSCULUS,  Tibialis  anticus. 

CATEONESIS,  Catantlema, 

CATGUT,  Galega  Yirginiana. 

CATHiE'RESIS,  Kadatpeais,  'subtraction,  di- 
minution.' Extenuation  or  exhaustion,  owing  to 
forced  exercise.  —  Hippocrates.  The  action  of 
catheretics. 

CATILERETICTJS,  Catheretic. 

CATHARETICUS,  Cathartic. 

CATHARISMOS,  Depuration. 

CATHAR'MA,  Purgament'um,  The  matter 
evacuated  by  a  purgative,  or  by  spontaneous 
purging  :  also,  a  cathartic. 

CATHAR'MUS.  Same  etymon  ;  a  purgation. 
■ — Hippocrates.  Also,  the  cure  of  a  disease  by 
magic.  &c. 

CATHAR'SIS,  from  xaS-atpav,  {tend'  and  aiptiv, 
'to  take  away,')  'to  purge.'  Purga'tio,  Apoea- 
thar'sis,  Coprojihu'ria,  Coprophore'sis.  A  natu- 
ral or  artificial purgati  om  of  any  passage; — mouth, 
anus,  vagina,  &c. 

CATHAR'TIC,  Cathar'ticus,  Cathare'tictis, 
Cathar'ma,  Goprocrit'icum,  fJoprago'gum,  Lustra- 
men'tum,  Purgans  medicament' um,  Triehilium, 
Dejecta' ri inn  Remed'ivim,  Eccathar'ticns,  Hi/paeti- 
ciiif,  Hypochoret'icus,  Alvum  evac'uans,  Hypel'atu*; 
Lapac'ticus,  Apocathar'ticvs.  Same  etymon.  (F.) 
Cathartique.  A  medicine  which,  when  taken  in- 
ternally, increases  the  number  of  alvine  evacua- 
tions. Some  substances  act  upon  the  upper  part 
of  the  intestinal  canal,  as  calomel  and  eolocynth ; 
others,  on  the  lower  part,  as  aloes;  and  some  on 
the  whole  extent,  as  saline  purgatives.  Hence  a 
choice  may  be  necessary.  Cathartics  are  divided 
into  purgatives  and  laxatives.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  chief  cathartics  : 

Aloe,  Cassia  Marilandica,  Colocynthis,  Elate- 
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  ChJoridum  mite, 
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,  Hydrarg.  cum 
•Magnesia,  Jalapa,  Juglans,  Magnesia,  Magnesias 
Carbon  as,  Magnesias  Sulphas.  Manna,  Mannita, 
Oleum  Euphorbias  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Pacini, 
Oleum  Tiglii,  Podophyllum,  Potassae  Acetas,  Po- 
tassae Bitulphas,  Potassae  Sulphas,  Potassae  Bi- 


tartras,  Potassae  Tartras,  Rheum,  Scammonium, 
Senna,  Sinapis,  Sodae  et  Potassae  Tartras,  Sodas 
Phosphas,  Sodse  Sulphas,  Sodii  Chloridum,  Sul- 
phur, Veratria,  Aquaa  Minerales  Sulphureae  et 
Salinoe,  Enemata,  Suppositoria. 

CATHARTIN,  see  Cassia  Senna,  and  Con- 
volvulus jalapa. 

CA  THA  R  TIQ  UE,  Cathartic. 

CATHARTOCARPUS,  Cassia  fistula. 

CATHEDRA,  Anus. 

CATHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 

CATIIEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

CATHERET'IC,  Cathceret'icus,  Ectylot' icue, 
Sarcoph'agus,  from  KaSaipew,  'to  eat,'  'destroy.' 
Substances  applied  to  warts,  exuberant  granula- 
tions, &c,  to  eat  them  down.     Mild  caustics. 

CATH'ETER,  from  kg^it,^  (KaB\  and  iVpt,  'to 
send,')  'I  explore.'  JEne'a,  Al'galie,  Alyalic, 
Cathete'ris,  Demissor,  Ennuis' sor.  A  hollow  tube, 
introduced  by  surgeons  into  the  urinary  bladder, 
for  the  purpose  of  drawing  off  the  urine.  Cathe- 
ters are  made  of  silver  or  elastic  gum.  See  Bougie. 
The  French  generally  use  the  word  catheter  for 
the  solid  sound  or  staff ;  and  alyalie  and  sonde 
fur  the  hollow  instrument. 

Catheter,  Nasal.  An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Gensoul,  of  Lyons,  for  catheterizing  the 
ductus  ad  nasum.  It  is  hook-shaped;  the  extre- 
mity, bent  at  a  right  angle,  is  about  an  inch  in 
length,  suited  to  the  distance  of  the  lower  orifice 
of  the  duct  from  the  nostril,  and  likewise  to  the 
length  and  form  of  the  duct,  with  a  slight  spiral 
turn. 

CATHETERIS.  Catheter. 

CATHETERISIS,  Catheterismus. 

CATHETERIS'MUS,  Cathete'risis,  Catheteri- 
sa'tia,  Cath' eteriam,  Catheterization,  Immis'sio 
Cathete'ris,  same  etymon.  The  introduction  of  a 
catheter  or  sound  into  a  natural  passage,  as 
through  the  urethra  into  the  bladder  or  into  the 
Eustachian  tube,  larynx,  &c.  Also,  probing  a 
wound.     Melosis. 

CATHETERIZATION,  Catheterismus. 

CATH'ETERIZE.  To  perform  the  operation 
of  catheterism, — in  other  words,  to  introduce  the 
catheter:  to  probe  or  sound  a  cavity. 

CATHID'RYSIS,  from  KaStdpvu,  'I  place  to- 
gether.' Reduction  of  a  part  to  its  natural  situation. 

CATHMIA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-vitreum. 

CATHMIR,  Calamina. 

CATH'ODIC,  Cathod'icus;  from  *a0',  'down- 
wards,' and  hSog,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  downward  course  of  ner- 
vous action. 

CATH'OLIC  HUMOURS,  (F.)  Humeure  Ca- 
thoUqy.es,  are  the  fluids  spread  over  the  whole 
body. 

CATHOLICON,  Panacea. 

Cathol'icon  Duplex.  An  ancient  purging 
!  electuary,  chiefly  composed  of  cassia,  tamarinds, 
\  rhubarb,  senna,  &c. 

CATIL'LIA.     A  weight  of  nine  ounces. 

CATILLUS.  Cup. 

CATINUS  FUSORIUS,  Crucible. 

CATLING,  Knife,  double-edged. 

CATNEP,  Nepeta  Cataria. 

CATO,  kutu),  'below,'  'beneath.'  ^.'his  word, 
in  the  writings  of  Hippocrates,  is  often  used  foT 
the  abdomen,  especially  the  intestines.  When  he 
advises  a  remedy  kotu,  he  means  a  purgative; 
when  <ivu>,  'above  or  upwards,'  an  emetic.  As  a 
prefix,  Cato  means  'beneath,'  as  in 

CATOCATHA  R'T  I  C,  Catocaihar'ticusSrom 
Kar(t>,  'downwards,'  and  xaSatpu),  'I  purge.'  A 
medicine  which  purges  downwards.  One  that 
produces  alvine  evacuations.  The  antithesis  to 
Anacathartic. 

CATOCHA_GALENI,  Catalepsy. 

CAT'OCHE,  Cat'ocheis,  Cat'ochus,  from  /tarr^u, 


CATOCIIUS 


179 


CAULORB  II  AG  I A 


'I  retain.'  '  I  hold  fast.'    This  word  1ms.  bj 

used   synonymously    with    Catalepsy;    by 
others,  with  Coma  vigil;  by  others,  with  Tetanus. 
GATOCHUS.  Catoehe,  Best  rvinus, 

Tetanus — o.  Holotonicus,  Tetanus — c.  Infantum, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tiasue. 
CATOMIS'MOS,   from   wru,   'beneath,'  and 
'shoulder;'  Subhumera'Ho.     A    mode  with 
the  ancients  of  reducing  luxation  of  the  humerus 
tig  the  body  by  the  arm. — Paulus  of  JSgins. 
rOPTER,  Speculum. 
CATOPTRIC,  Catop'tricm,  (F.)  Gatontrique, 
from  KuTurTfJii  or  Karowrpov,  'a  mirror.'      Relating 
or  appertaining  to  Catoptrics  or  the  reflection  of 
light 

CATOn'Titii'  V.x  AMiNATMN  of  Tin:  Kvk.  'When 
b  lighted  candle  is  held  before  the  eye,  the 
pupil  of  which  has  been  dilate. 1  by  belladonna, 
three  images  of  it  are  seen  —  two  erect,  end 
one  inverted: — the  former  owing  to  reflection 
from  the  comet)  and  anterior  surface  of  the  crys- 
talline :  the  latter  owing  to  reflection  from  the 
posterior  layer  of  the  crystalline  inverted,  ami 
i  the  other  two.  This  mode  of  examining 
ha-  been  proposed  as  a  means  of  diagno- 
sis between  cataract  and  amaurosis.  In  the  latter, 
ull  the  images  ere 

CATOPTROMANCY,  from  Karozrpov,  (Kara. 
and  u-Tofuu  i,  'a  mirror.'  and  uarrua,  'divination.' 
A  kind  of  divination  by  means  of  a  mirror. 

CATOPTRON,  Speculum. 

CATORCHFTBS.  A  kind  of  sour  wine,  pre- 
pared with  the  orchis  ami  black  grape,  or  dried 
ftgs.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  diuretic  and 
tmmenagogue. — Dioscorides.  Called,  also,  Syei'- 
ti*. — Qalen. 

CATORETICUS,  Purgative. 

1CAT0TERICUS,  Purgative, 

CATO'TICA,  from   Kan*,  'beneath.'     Diseases 

infecting  internal  surfaces.     Pravity  of  the  fluids 

or  emunctories,  that  open  on  the  internal  surfaces 

ins.     The  second  order  in  the  class  Eetri- 

li'it    Of    (i 1. 

CATOX'YS,  Peraeu'tue,  from  turn,  'an  inten- 
sive,' and  sfvr,  'acute.'     Highly  acute:  as  Morbus 
-.    '/.  Peracu'tue,  a  very  acute  disease. 
CATS'    BYE.      A   name,  under  which    several 
morbid  conditions  of  the  eye  would  appear  to 
have  I'ccii  confounded  —  all  agreeing,  however,  in 
•i!ii_r  an  opalescent  appearance  of  the  pupil 
<t  of  the  bottom  of  the  eye;  those  parte  reflect- 
ligbt  in  various  colours,  or.  at    least,  with 
various   degrees   ,,f  intensity,  according  to   the 
direction  in  which  the  eye  is  turned.     This  ap- 
pearance  was  compared  by  Beet  t«i  the  reflection 
from    the   tapetum   of  the   eye   of  the   eat. — BiaO- 

Cat's  i  yk.  Am  HXROTIC,  see  Amaurotic. 

Cat's  poor,  Antennaria  dioica. 

<'  \  r>  pi  in.  /', ,'  „,\s,  ,„,,,/  Cataire. 

CATT  IQ  \r.M.\.  Cambogia, 

(A  l  riTEROS,  Tin. 

C  \  ni.Ml  [CA,  Cicatrisantia, 

CAI  D'RUS  BPICI1  LO'RUS,  (swttb,  Catue, 
'a  cat,'   and    ovo-i,   'tail,')    Cauda  felt*,  from   the 

sha| f  it«  flowers.     Acal'ypha    hii'pida.     An 

Baal  Indian  shrub,  Order,  EupborbiaoesB ;  used 
in  it>  native  country,  in  decoction,  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery. 

c  \T1    TRIPALT,  Piper  longum. 

CAUCALIS  CAR01  v.  Daucue  earota—- «.  8a- 
n tenia,  Sanicula. 

CAUC  kLOIDES,  Patella. 

CAI  <'  \>l  \N.  see  Homo. 

CAUCHEM  !/,'.  [ncubus. 

C  1 1  'Hi:  Villi  I.!.!',  [ncul  as. 

C  \l<  me.  Cnoutol 

(A  i  DA, 


CAUDA  Fyn'vv.  The  spinal  marrow,  at  its 
termination,  about  the  second  lumbar  vertebra, 
gives  off  a  considerable  number  of  nerves,  which, 
when  unravelled,  resemble  a  horse's  tail;  hence 

do-  name;    (P.)   Queue  <l<    Clnra/,  Q.  dc  la  Muillc 

Epiniere.     See  .Medulla  Spinalis. 

t'\t  n\  Fi.i.is.  Caturus—  e. f.  Agrcstis,  Acalypha 
betulina. 

c  \ i  da  8aj  \\.  Penis. 

( '  \  1  DAL,  ( 'audati .  '  huda'lit,  Cauda' tu$;  from 
cauda,  -a  tail.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  a, 
tail.  Having  a  tail  or  tail-like  appendage: — 
as  ' caudal  or  caudate  cells  or  corpuscles'  —  cells 
or  corpuscles  having  a  tail-like  appendage,  as  iu 
cancerous  growths. 

<\i  DATE,  Caudal. 

CAI  DATIO,  Clitorism. 

c  \1  DATUS,  Bicaudatus. 

CAUDEX  CEREBRI,  Pedunoles  of  the  hrain. 

CAI  DIEZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Gau- 
dies is  a  small  town,  nine  leagues  from  Perpig- 
nan.  in  France,  where  there  is  a  thermal  Spring, 
containing  a  little  sulphate  id'  soda  and  iron. 

I  \l  DLE,  Cdwdel,  (F.)  Chaudeau,  from  chaud, 
'warm  or  hot.'  A  nourishing  grind  given  to  wo- 
men during  the  childbed  state.  The  following  is 
a  form  for  it  :  Into  a  pint  of  tine  gruel,  not  thick, 
put,  whilst  it  is  boiling  hot,  the  yolk  of  an  egg 
beaten  with  sugar,  and  mixed  with  a  large  >|mh,ii- 
tul  of  eold  water,  a  glass  of  wine,  and  nutmeg. 
Mix  the  whole  well  together.  Brandy  is  .some- 
times substituted  for  the  wine,  and  lemon  peel 
or  capillaire  added.  It  is  also  sometimes  made 
of  gruel  and  heer.  with  sugar  and  nutmeg. 

CAUL,  from  (L.)  cawfa,  'a  fold.'  Pilue,  /W- 
olus.  Go' lea,  Yitta,  (F.)  Coeffe,  (hiffe  —  (Eire  ve 
eoiffi — 'to  he  born  with  a  caul. 'J  The  English 
name  for  the  omentum.  When  a  child  is  horn 
with  the  membranes  over  the  face,  it  is  said  to 
have    been  *6oril  with  a  caul.'      In    the   catalogue 

of  superstitions,  this   is   one   of  the  favourable 

omens.  The  caul  itself  is  supposed  to  confer 
privileges  upon  the  possessor;  hence  the  mem- 
branes are  dried,  and  sometimes  sold  for  a  high 
price.      See  Fpiploon. 

CAULE'DON,  Cicye'don,  from  k«uXoS,  'a  stalk.' 
A  transverse  fracture. 

C  lU'LIFLOWER,  (G.)  Kohl,  'cabbage,' and 
flower  [?],  Prassica  Florida. 

(  \  i  i  ihi.ow  ki:  EXCKBSCEKCB,  (F.)  Chon/hur. 
An  excrescence,  which  appears  about  the  origin 
of  the  mucous  membranes,  chiefly  about  the  anus 
and  vulva,  and  which  resembles,  in  appearance, 
the  head  of  the  cauliflower.  It  is  often  syphilitic 
in  its  character. 

CAI  mi  tow  i, i;  Kxriirsn-.NCR  OF  the  Uti  i:rs, 
Metrobot' rytee.  A  morbid  growth  from  a  part, 
or  the  whole,  of  the  circumference  of  the  os 
Oteri  ;  and,  at  times,  from  the  surface  of  iho 
cavity  of  the  uterus.  It  is  doubtful  whether  its 
progress  can  he  arrested  except  by  excision. 

('  \U.IS.  Penis  -C.  Florida.  Brsssioa  Florida. 

I    \  i   LOPHYL'LUM  THALICTROI'Dl  8, 

.  *a  stalk  or  stem,'  and  cM>A,W.  '.a  leaf:'  so 
called  because  the  leaf-stalks  appear  like  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  stem.)  Leon'tici  thalictnti'dee, 
Blueberry  Cohoeh,  Cohoeh,  Cohueh,  IU„v  Cohoeh, 
Blueberry,  Papooee  Root,  Squaw  Root,  Blm  <iiu- 
*<//'/.  }'» Ihar  Qineeng,  a  plant  of  the  Family  Ber- 
beridese  :  Ser.  Syet.  rlexandria  Monogynia,  which 

grow  -  all  over  the  Tinted  State<,  (low  ering  in  .M  a  V 

and  dune.  The  infusion  of  the  root  is  much  osed 
by  tie  Indians  in  rations  diseases.  To  it  nro 
ascribed  emmenagogue  and  diaphoretic  virtues.   * 

<•  M  LOPLE'GIA,  from  KavXos,  'the  male  or- 
gan/and  wXnyn,  'a  wound,'  or  'stroke.'  An  in, 
jury  or  paralysis  of  the  male  organ. 

CAULORRHAQIA,  Sttmatosrs— c.  Ejaculate- 


CAULORRHCEA  BENIGNA 


1  80 


rin,  Spermato-cystidorrhagia — c.  Stillatitia,  Ure- 
throrrhagia. 

CAULORRHCEA  BENIGNA,  Gonorrhoea 
para. 

CAULUS,  Penis. 

CAUMA,  Kav/xa,  '  a  burnt  part,'  from  Kaiu>,  'I 
num.'  Great  heat  of  the  body  or  atmosphere. 
Synoeha,  Empresma. 

Cauma  Bronchitis,  Cynanehe  trachealis — c. 
Carditis,  Carditis  —  c.  Enteritis,  Enteritis  —  c. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — c.  Haemorrhagicum,  Haemor- 
rhagia  activa  —  c.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis  —  c.  Oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmia — c.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis 
—  c.  Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  c.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis 
— c.  Podagricum,  Gout — c.  Rheumatismus,  Rheu- 
matism, acute. 

CAUMATO'DES,    Gaumate'rus,    from    Kavpa, 
'fire,  heat.'     Burning  hot     Febris  caumato'des, 
F.  causo'des.     Inflammatory  fever.     Synoeha. 
CAUNGA.  Areca. 

CAUSA  CONJUNCTA.  Cause,  proximate— c. 
Continens,  Cause,  proximate. 

CAUSAE  ABDITiE,  Causes,  predisponent  or 
remote — c.  Actuales,  Causes,  occasional — c.  Prae- 
incipientes,  Causes,  procatarctic — c.  Proegume- 
nse,  Causes,  predisponent. 

CAUSE,  Can'sa,  Ai'tia,  Ai'tion.  An  act  which 
precedes  another,  and  seems  to  be  a  necessary 
condition  for  the  concurrence  of  the  latter.  The 
causes  of  disease  are  generally  extremely  ob- 
scure :  although  they,  sometimes,  are  evident 
enough.  The  predisponent  and  occasional  causes 
are  the  only  two  on  which  any  stress  can  be 
laid;  but  as  authors  have  divided  them  differ- 
ently, a  short  explanation  is  necessary. 

Cause,  Ac'cessory,  (F.)  Cause  Accessoire. 
One  which  has  only  a  secondary  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

Causes,  Accident'al,  Common  Causes,  (F.) 
Causes  Accidentelles,  are  those  which  act  only 
in  certain  given  conditions  :  and  which  do  not 
always  produce  the  same  disease.  Cold,  e.  g., 
may  be  the  accidental  cause  of  pneumonia,  rheu- 
matism, etc. 

CAUSES  CACHE ES,  C.  occult— c.  Common, 
C.  accidental — c.  Exciting.  C.  Occasional — c.  Es- 
sential, C.  Specific — c.  Determinantes,  C.  Specific 
— c.  Eloiijnees,  C.  Predisponent. 

Causes.  External,  (F.)  Causes  externes,  are 
such  as  act  externally  to  the  individual;  as  air, 
cold,  &e. 

CAUSES  FORMELLES  (F.),  are  such  as 
determine  the  form  or  kind  of  disease.  They 
differ  from  the  Causes  materielles,  which  are 
common  to  a  set  of  diseases ;  as,  to  the  neuroses, 
phlegmasia?,  &c. 

Causes,  Hidden,  C.  Occult — c.  Immediate,  C. 
essential. 

Causes,  Intern'al.  (F.)  Causes  Internes,  are 
those  which  arise  within  the  body;  as  mental 
emotions,  <fcc. 

Causes,  Mechan'ical,  (F.)  Causes  mecaniques, 
are  those  which  act  mechanically,  as  pressure 
upon  the  windpipe  in  inducing  suffocation. 

Causes,  Negative,  (F.)  Causes  negatives,  com- 
prise all  those  things,  the  privation  of  which 
may  derange  the  functions; — as  abstinence  too 
long  continued.  They  are  opposed  to  positive 
causes,  which,  of  themselves,  directly  induce  dis- 
ease ; — as  the  use  of  indigestible  food,  spirituous 
drinks,  <fcc. 

Causes,  Obscure,  C.  Occult. 
Causes,  Occa'sional,  Exci'ting  Causes,  Causes 
aetua'lcs,  (F.)  Causes  occasionelies,  are  those 
which  immediately  produce  disease.  The  occa- 
sional causes  have  been  divided  into  the  cogniz- 
able and  non-cognizable. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 


Exciting 
Causes 

of 
Disease. 


CAUSTICITY 

I.  Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Mechanical. 

2.  Chemical. 

3.  Ingesta. 

4.  Bodily  exertion. 

5.  Mental  emotion. 

6.  Excessive  evacuation. 

7.  Suppressed  or  defective  evacua- 
tion. 

8.  Defective  cleanliness,  ventilation, 
and  draining. 

9.  Temperature  and  changes. 

II.  Non-Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Endemic.      ~) 

2.  Epidemic.      >  Poisons. 

3.  Infectious.    J 

Causes,  Occult',  Hidden  causes,  Obscure  causes^ 
(F.)  Causes  occultes  ou  cachees  ou  obscures.  Any 
causes  with  which  we  are  unacquainted;  also, 
certain  inappreciable  characters  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, which  give  rise  to  epidemics. 

Causes,  Phys'ical,  (F.)  Causes  Physiques, — 
those  which  act  by  virtue  of  their  physical  pro- 
perties;  as  form,  hardness,  &c.  All  vulnerating 
bodies  belong  to  this  class. 

Causes,  Physiolog"ical,  (F.)  Causes  Physio- 
logiques,  those  which  act  only  on  living  matter ; 
— narcotics,  for  example. 

Causes,  Predispo'nent,  C.  predispo'sing,  Re- 
mote causes,  Causae  proegu'mence,  Causa  ab'ditcc, 
Causa?  remo'ta •;  (F.)  Causes  predisponantes, 
Causes  eloignees, — those  which  render  the  body 
liable  to  disease.  They  may  be  general^  affecting 
a  number  of  people,  or  particular,  affecting  only 
one  person. 

Causes,  Prin'cipAL,  (F.)  Causes  principahs, 
— those  which  exert  the  chief  influence  on  the 
production  of  disease,  as  distinguished  from  the 
accessory  causes. 

Causes,  Procatakc'tic,  Causes  procatarc'tica;, 
Causce  prceiucipien'tes,  from  izpOKUTapKTiKos,  '  the 
origin  or  beginning  of  a  thing,'  {npo,  'before,'  and 
Karap^b).  '  M>egin.')  These  words  have  been  used 
with  different  significations.  Some  have  em- 
ployed them  synonymously  with  predisponent  or 
remote  causes;  others  with  occasional  or  exciting 
causes. 

CAUSE  PROCHATNE,  C.  proximate. 

Cause,  PROx'ntATE,  Causa  prox'ima  seu  con'- 
tinens  seu  eonjttne'ta.  (F.)  Cause  contitieute  ou  pro- 
chaitie,  may  be  the  disease  itself.  Superabundance 
of  blood,  e.  g.,  is  the  proximate  cause  of  plethora. 

Causes,  Bemote,  C.  predisponent.  • 

Causes,  Specif'ic,  Essen'tial  or  Imrne'diate 
causes,  &c,  (F.)  Causes  specifiques,  C.  esseutielles, 
C.  determinantes ; — those  which  produce  a  deter- 
minate disease. 

CAUSIS,  Burn,  Ebullition,  Fermentation,  In- 
cendium.  Ustion. 

CAUSOMA,  Inflammation. 

CAUS'TIC,  Caus'ticus,  Cauteret'icus,  Diceret'- 
icus,  Ero'dens,  Adu'rens,  Urens,  Pyrot'icus,  from 
Kaiu),  'I  burn,'  Kavaos,  'heat.'  (F.)  Caustique. 
Bodies  which  have  the  property  of  causticity; 
and  which,  consequently,  burn  or  disorganize 
animal  substances.  The  word  is  also  used  sub- 
stantively. The  most  active  are  called  Escharot'- 
ics.     Caustics  are  also  termed  'corrosives.' 

Caustic  Bearer,  Porte-pierre — c.  Paste,  Can- 
quoin's,  Pasta  Zinci  ehloridi. 

CAUSTICA  ADUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

CAUSTICITY.  Caustic"itas,  from  k<iv<ttikos, 
'that  which  burns,'  (xaiut,  'I  burn.')  The  impres- 
sion which  caustic  bodies  make  on  the  organ  of 
taste ;  or,  more  commonly,  the  property  which 
distinguishes  those  bodies. 


CAUSTic'OPIIOUrM 


181 


CAVERNOUS 


man  Caustic,    Cant'  'riu 

i  ><s' tir u m   cnmetu'ni 


CAUSTIOOPHORTJM,  Porte-pier*. 

CAUS'TICUM  fiTHIOP'ICUM,  Ungutn'tnm 
Melan'ieum  caua'ticunu  A  sort  of  paste,  made  by 
nibbing  powdered  saffron  with  concentrated  nU- 

jJnirir  ii<-i,!,  reeommended  by  \<  Ipeau  aa  a  caus- 
tic in  eases  of  gangrenous  ami  carcinomatous  ul- 

I 'he  acid   is   the  caustic:    the  saffron,   the 

constituent  merely. 

CAusncuN  Ai.kai.i.vim,  Potassa  fusa— e.  Ame- 
ricanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla  —  c.  Antimoniale, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 

Caubticdh  Commu'ne,  Poten'titU  Cautery,  Com- 
potentia'li,  Lapis  sep'- 
mit'ius.  This  con- 
lists  of  quicklime  and  black  soap,  of  each  equal 
pans. 

Causucvm  Cowvvvr,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Com- 
mune acerriniuin,  Potassa  fuss —  c.  Commune  for- 
tius, Potassa  cum  calce — c.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras 
—  c.  Potentiale,  Potassa  fusa  — a  Salinum,  PoT 
kasea  fusa — c.  Viennense  fusum  Filhos,  see  Pow- 
der. Vienna. 

CAUSTIQUE,  Caustic— r.  Filhot,  see  Powder, 
Vienna — e.  de  Vienne,  Powder,  Vienna. 

CAI'Sl'S.  from  Katu,  '  I  burn,'  Kavaog,  'heat.' 
A  highly  ardent  fever;  Deu'rens.  Pinel  regards 
it  as  a  complication. of  bilious  and  inflammatory 
fever:  Broussais,  a-^  an  intense  gastritis,  accom- 
panied with  bilious  Bymptoms.     See  Synocha. 

80S,     EnDEHIAL,     OF     THE      Wkst      INDIES, 

Fever,    Yellow  —  c.  Tropicus   endemicus,  Fever, 
Yellow. 
('  LUTER 


Cauterium. 

OAUTERE,  Cauterium,  Fonticulus  —  c.  Inhe- 
rent, Inherent  cautery. 

C  LUTERETICUS,  Caustic. 

CAUTERETS,  MINERAI  WATERS  OF. 
Cauterets  i<  n  botirg  seven  leagues  from  Bar6ges 
(ffantes-PyrSnies,)  France.  The  waters  are  hy- 
nrosulphurous  and  thermal — temperature  123°  P. 
They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  BunVes 
water.  ° 

CAUTERTASMUS,  Cauterization. 

CAUTE'RIUM,  C.actua'le,   Canter,   Cau'tery, 
fnusto'rium,    Rupto'rium,    Tgnie    actua'lis,    from 
Kfttu),  'I  burn/  Kavrqp,  'a  burner.'     (F.)  Cautere, 
tuel.     A  Bubstanoe,  used  for  'firing,'  burn- 
ing or  disorganizing  the  parts  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied.     Cauteries    were    divided    by   the  ancients 
int.,  actual  and  potential.     The  word  is  now  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot   iron  :   or  to  positive  burn- 
It  was.  formerly,  much  used  for  preventing 
hemorrhage  from  divided  arteries;  and  also  with 
the  tame  views  as  a  blister.     The  term  Potential 
t'.mtrr,,.  fant.', -nun  potentia'li,  Ignis potentia'li*, 
1    u  potentiel,  was  generally  applied   to  the 
causticum  commune,  but  it  is  now  used  Bynony- 
mously    with    caustic    in    general.      Cautire   also 
-  an  issue. 

c\,  mmmim  Ai  iTu.!-,  Cauterium. 

CAl  TERIZA'TION,  Oauterisa'tio,  Cauteria*'- 

»»««.  Exue'tio,  Tnm'tio,  Cau*'tica  Adut'tio.   Firing. 

'I  he  effect  of  a  cautery  or  caustic.      The    French 

amongst  whom  cauterization  is  much  used   dial 

tinguisbed  five  kinds:   1.  Cautiritation  Inhirente 

which  consists  in  applying  the   actual   cautery 

lively,  and  w,th  a  certain  degree  of  forci 

to   disorganize    deeply.     2.    Cautiritation   trant 

■■.  which  consists  in  passing  tin-  edge  of 

■  ttire  cultellaire,  or  the  point  of  the  Cautire 

coniqme  lightly,  so  a-  not  to  disorganise  deeply. 

::.   CanUrisation  r<r  pointet,  which   consists  in 

■pplying   on   the   skin,  here  and    there,  the  hot 

'he  conical  cautery,  with  sufficient  force 

toeauteme  the  ^hole  thicki of  the  .-kin      | 

':"""'"'"'""  /'-'"'-.  'low  cauterization,  by  means 
oi  the  moxa.     6.   Oomtiruation  objective,  which 


or    caverns,  —  i 


consist*  in  holding  the  cautery  at  some  distance 
from  the  part  to  be  acted  upon  by  it. 

Cau'tehize;    Oamtioo  adurert }   (P.)  Can- 
To  apply  a  cautery  or  caustic      To  bum 
with  a  cautery  or  oaostic 

C  \  I  TERY,  Cauterium — c  Galvanic,  see  Moxa 
— e.  Potential.  Causticum  commune,  Cauterium. 
<■  AV  A.  Vulva. 

Cava  Ve.va,   Vena  hepati'te*.     The  hollow  or 
seated    vein.      (F.j     Veine    care.       A     name 
given  to  the  two  great  veins  of  the  body,  which 
meet  at  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart.      The  txna 
cava    superior,    tkorac"ica    sen    descen'dens,    is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Bubclaviansj  and' re- 
ceives successively,  before  its  termination  at  the 
upper  part  of  the   right  auricle,  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, right  internal  mammary,  superior  diaphrag- 
matic, muygoe,  &c.     The  vena  cava  in/e'rior,  ab- 
domina'lie  seu  aeeen'dene,  arises  from   the  union 
of  the  two  primary  Mace,  opposite  the  fourth  or 
fifth  lumbar  vertebra,  receives  the  middle  moral, 
lumbar,  right  spermatic,  hepatic,  and  i„j\  rior  dia- 
phragmatic*, and  opens  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior part  of  the  right  auricle. 
CAVATIO,  Cavity. 
CAVEA,  Cavity — c.  Nariuin,  Nares. 
CAVER'NA,  Antmm.     'A  cavern.'    This  term 
has  been  used  for  the  female  organs  of  generation. 
See  Cavity,  and  Vulva, 
CAVERNA  Naricm.  Xares. 

Cavkhn.e  Dentii.m,  Alveoli  dentium  —  c. 
Frontis,  Frontal  Sinuses. 

CA  VERNEUX,  Cavernous. 
CAVERNOUS,   Oaverno'eus,  (F.)   Cavemewe. 
Filled    with    small   cavities 
sponge. 

CAVEBHOUa  Bodies,  Cor'pnra  Cavernosa  of  the 
penis,  Cor'pora  nervo'sa  seu  Ner'veo-epongio'm 
Penis,  (F.)  Corp*  Caverneux,  The  corpus  caver- 
nosum  is  a  kind  of  cylindrical  sac.  composed  of 
cells:  separated,  through  its  whole  extent,  by  a 
vertical,  incomplete  septum.  Septum  peetinifor'- 
me,  Trabec'ulcB  cor'pornm  cavernosa' rum,  and 
forming  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  penis.  The 
corpus  cavernoaum,  on  each  side,  arises  from  the 
ascending  portion  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates 
obtusely  behind  the  glans.  The  arteries  of  tho 
corpora  cavernosa  come  from  the  internal  pudic. 
See  Helicine  Arteries.  Nerves  are  found  on  the 
surface  of  the  outer  membrane,  but  they  do  not 
appear  to  penetrate  the  substance,  and  the  smooth 
muscular  fibre  has  been  traced  into  the  fibrous 
panetes  of  the  cells,  as  in  the  case  of  all  ere.  tile 
tissues. 

J.  Miiller's  researches  have  led  him  to  infer, 
that  both  in  man  and  the  horse,  the  nerves  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  are  made  up  of  branches  pro- 
ceeding from  the  organic  as  well  as  the  animal 
system,  whilst  tho  nerves  of  animal  life  alone 
provide  the  nerves  of  sensation  of  the  penis. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora  Cavernosa  of  the 
I'lit'oris,  are  two  hollow  crura,  forming  the  clit- 
oris. 

Cavbrwooj  Body  ok  the  Vaoi'wa,  Corpus  Ca- 
verno'sum  Vagi'na>,  /'/cms  retiform'is,  is  a  sub- 
stance composed  of  blood-vessels  and  cells,  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  which  covers 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  ragina,  on  each  side. 

It  serves  to  contract  the  entrance  to  the  vagina 
during  coition. 

Cwihno.s  Gangliov,  see  Carotid  or  Carotio 
Nerve. 

CaVBRICOUB  BEBPIRA'TIOlf.  When  a  cavity 
exists  in  the  InngS,  and  one  or  more  ramifications 

ot  the  bronchia  terminate  in  it.  a  loud  tubal  noise 

18  emitted,  provided  the  cavity  he  not    tilled   with 

fluid,  which  is  called  cavemou*  respiration.  ln 
this  condition,  the  cough  is  cavernous  likewise, 
(F.)  Toux  Cavcnuuxc.      When  the  capacity  of  the 


CAYERNULOUS   RIIOXCHUS       182 


CELANDINE 


cavern  is  very  great,  the  sound  of  the  respiration 
is  like  that  produced  by  blowing  into  a  decanter, 
with  the  mouth  at  a  little  distance  from  the  neck. 
This  kind  of  cavernous  respiration  has  been  called 
amphoric,  from  amphora,  'a  flask;'  (F.)  Respi- 
ration amphorique,  Souffle  amphorique,  S.  metal- 
lique. 

The  Veiled  Puff,  (F.)  Souffle  voile,  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  cavernous  respiration,  in  which, 
according  to  Laennec,  *'a  sort  of  movable  veil 
interposed  between  the  excavation  and  the  ear" 
seems  to  be  agitated  to  and  fro.  It  is  a  sign 
■which  is  not  attended  to. 

Cavernous  Rhonchus,  see  Cavernous  Respi- 
ration, and  Gurgling. 

Cavernous  Sinus.  Sinus  Cavemo'sus  seu  poly- 
pior'pkus  seu  sphenoida'lis,  Receptac'nlum  sella 
equi'ncB  lat'cribus  appos' itum,  (F.)  Sinus  caver- 
iieux.  The  Cav'ernous  Si'nuses  are  venous  cavi- 
ties of  the  dura  mater,  filled  with  a  multitude  of 
reddish,  soft  filaments,  intersecting  each  other; 
and,  as  it  were,  reticulated.  They  commence 
behind  the  inner  part  of  the  sphenoid  fissure, 
pass  backwards  on  the  sides  of  the  fossa  pitui- 
taria,  and  terminate  by  opening  into  a  cavity. 
common  to  the  superior  and  inferior  petrosal 
sinuses.  They  receive  some  meningeal  veins,  the 
ophthalmic  veins,  &c.  The  anterior  extremity 
of  each  cavernous  sinus  has  been  named  the 
ophthal'mic  sinus. 

Cavernous  Texture  or  Tissue,  Tela  caver- 
nosa, (F.)  Tissti  cavemeux.  The  spongy  sub- 
stance which  forms  the  greater  part  of  the  penis 
and  clitoris.  It  seems  to  consist  of  a  very  com- 
plicated lace-w<»rk  of  arteries  and  veins;  and, 
probably,  of  nervous  filaments,  with  small  fibrous 
plates,  which  form  by  their  decussation  numerous 
cells  communicating  with  each  other.  This 
spongy  texture  produces  erection,  by  dilating  and 
swelling  on  the  influx  of  blood  ;  and  probably, 
also,  by  virtue  of  some  property  inherent  in  it. 

Cavernous  Whisper.  A  blowing  sound,  heard 
over  cavities  when  words  are  whispered. — A. 
Flint. 

CAYERNULOUS  RHOXCHUS,  see  Gurgling. 
C  AVI  ALE.  Caviare. 

CAVIARE',  Caviar,  Caviale,  Kaviac,  A  culi- 
nary preparation,  much  used  by  certain  people, 
and  made,  on  the  shores  of  the  Black  and  Caspian 
Seas,  from  the  roe  of  the  sturgeon,  mixed  with 
salt  and  other  condiments. 

CAVIC'ULA,  Cavil'la,  from  cavus,  'hollow.' 
The  ankle  or  space  between  the  malleoli.  Some 
have  given  this  name  to  the  os  cuneiforme.  See 
Astragalus. 

CAYICULiE  PEDIS  NODUS,  Tarsus. 
CAVILLA,  Astrasalus,  Cavicula. 
CAVITAS  ANTROSA  AURIS,  Tympanum— 
c.  Buc-cinata.  Cochlea — c.  Cochleata,  Cochlea — c. 
Digitata  ventriculi  lateralis,  Cornu  posterius  ven- 
triculi  lateralis. 

Cav'itas  Ei.uip'tica,  Awpul'la.  Sinus  ampul- 
la'eettx.  A  dilatation  at  one  end  of  the  semicir- 
cular canals  of  the  ear. 

Cavitas  Humeri  Glenoides,  see  Glenoid  —  c. 
Narium,  Nares — c.  Oculi,  Orbit — c.  Oris,  Mouth 
— c.  Pulpa?,  see  Tooth. 

CAVITATES  CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — c.  Dura?  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater 
— c.  Innominata?,  Auricles  of  the  heart — c.  Inter- 
scapulars, see  Interscapularis. 

CA  VI TE,  Cavity— c.  Dentaire,  Dental  cavity— 
c.  des  Epiploons,  see  Peritona?uin — c.  du  Tympan, 
Tyiripanum. 

CAVITY,  Cav'itas,  Cavutn,  Cce'lotes.  Coelon, 
Ca'vca,  Caver'na,  Cava'tio,  (F.)  Cavite.  The 
hollow  of  anything,  as  of  the  cranium,  mouth, 
nasal  fossa?.  &c. 


Cavities,  Splanchnic,  (F.)  Cavites  splancli- 
piques,  are  those  which  contain  the  viscera. 
They  are  three  in  number  : — the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen.  The  cavities  of  bones,  connected 
with  joints  or  otherwise,  are  described  under 
their  particular  denominations. 

CAYUM.  Cavity— c.  Abdominis,  see  Abdomen. 
Cawm  Cra'nii,  Venter  Supre'iuus.     The  cavity 
formed  by  the  proper  bones  of  the  cranium. 

Cavum  Dentis,  see  Tooth  —  c.  Alediastini,  see 

Mediastinum — c.  Narium.  Nasal  fossa?,  Nares — c. 

Oris,  Mouth — c.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium — c. 

Thoracis,  see  Thorax — c.  Tympani,  Tympanum. 

CAYAN,  Phaseolus  Creticus. 

CAZABI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CEANOTHOS,  Cirsium  afvense. 

CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS,  Celastrus— c. 
Trinervis,  Celastrus. 

CEAR.  Heart. 

CEASMA.  Fissure. 

CEBI  GALLI'N.E.  The  liver  of  the  fowl, 
bruised. — Castelli. 

CEBIP  ARA.  A  large  Brazilian  tree,  whose 
bitter  and  astringent  bark  is  used  in  making  anti- 
rheumatic baths  and  fomentations. 

CEBOCEPHALE,  Ceboceph'alus,  from  kti(3os, 
'an  ape,'  and  K£<paXrj,  'a  head.'  A  genus  of  mon- 
sters, in  which  the  nose  does  not  project,  and  the 
interocular  region  is  narrow  and  plane,  so  as  to 
give  the  physiognomy  a  striking  resemblance  to 
that  of  the  American  ape. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CECES,  see  Quercus  alba. 

CECITE,  Ca?citas. 

CECITY,  Ca?citas. 

CEDAR,  RED,  Juniperus  Virginiana  —  c. 
White,  Cupressus  thvoides. 

CEDEIA.  Embalming. 

CEDMA,  Aneurism,  Varix. 

CED'MATA,  KeSjiara.  Rheumatic  pains  of  the 
joints,  especially  of  the  hips,  groin,  or  genital 
organs.     A  form  of  gout  or  rheumatism. 

CEDRAT,  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRELA  FEBRIFUGA,  Swietenia  febri- 
fuga. 

CEDRELE'UM,  from  KcSpos,  'the  cedar,' and 
e\aiov,  'oil.'     The  oil  of  cedar. — Pliny. 

CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drinum,  Cedri  lac'- 
ryma,  Alkitran.  The  oil  or  resin  which  flows 
from  the  cedar  of  Lebanon.  It  was  supposed  to 
possess  great  virtues.  —  Hippocrates,  Foe'sius, 
Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  has  been 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  pyroligneous 
acid.     See  Pinus  Svlvestris. 

CE'DRINUM  VINUM,  Cedar  Wine.  A  wine 
prepared  by  steeping  half  a  pound  of  bruised 
cedar  berries  in  six  French  pints  of  sweet  wine. 
It  is  diuretic  and  subastringent. 

CEDRI'TES,  from  iceSpos,  'the  cedar.'  A  wine 
prepared  from  the  resin  of  cedar  and  sweet  wine. 
It  was  formerlv  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  <ic. 

CEDRIUM,  Cedria. 

CEDROMELA,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRON.  see  Simaba  cedron. 

CEDRONELLA,  Melissa  — c.  Triphylla,  Dra- 
cocephalum  canariense. 

CEDROS.  Juniperus  lycia. 

CEDROSTIS,  Brvonia  alba. 

CEDRUS  BACCIFERA,  J«uniperus  sabina  — 
c.  Mahogani,  Swietenia  mahogani. 

CEINTVRE,  Cingulum,  Herpes  zoster  —  c 
Blanche  de  la  choro'ide,  Ciliary  ligament — c. 
Dartreuse,  Herpes  zoster  —  c.  de  Hildane,  Cin- 
gulum Hildani  —  c.  de  Saint-Jean,  Artemisia 
vulgaris  • —  c.  de  Vif  Argent,  Cingulum  mer- 
curiale. 

CELANDINE,  Impatiens— c.  Common,  Cheli- 
donium  majus — c.  Lesser,  Ranunculus  ficaria — c. 
Poppy,  Stylophorum  diphylluiu. 


C  EL  AST  Kl'S 


1  6 


CELOLOGIA 


LS'TRUS,  ''<  las'tus,  Cenncfthus  Ai  i 
< 

Tki  de  Jersey.  [Joed  by  the  Amerioao  Indians, 
in  the  same  manner  as  lobelia)  for  the  eure  of 
syphilis.  It  u  slightly  bitter  and  some w bat  as- 
tringent A  strong  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
□amended  in  aphthm,  and 

■  tie  in  scarlatina. 

bing  Staffl 
climbing  American  shrub,  the  hark  ol  which  is 
said  i  aetic,  diaphoretic,  and  □ 

CBLATION,   (P.)    Concealment,   from   eelare, 
A  word  nsed  by  Prench  medico- 
legal writers  for  eases  where  there  has  been  con- 
cealment of  pregnancy  or  delivery. 

•  •,  'a  tnmonr,  protrusion,  or  rupture;' 
a  very  common  suffix,  as  in  hydrocele,  bubouo- 
rnia. 
CEL'ERY,    i  '.    The  English  name foj 

a  variety  of  A  pi  urn  grat  ■ 

■    v.  Wild,  Bubon  galbanum. 
1"  \.  ?ee  Hernial 
CELIA,  Cerevista. 
CELIAQUE,  Coaliac. 
CELINE,  Melissa, 
CELIS,  *',\ij,  'a  spot,  a  stain.'     A  macula,  or 

n  the  skin. 
CEL1  A  small  cavity.     The  same  Big- 

nification  as  cellule.  Also,  a  vesicle  composed 
qf  a  membranous  cell-wall,  with,  usually,  liquid 
eon  tents.  The  whole  organized  bod;  may  be  re- 
garded _  ties  of  cells  baring  different 
endowments,  each  set  being  concerned  in  special 
acts,  connected  with  absorption,  nutrition,  and 
secretion,  wherever  an  action  of  selection  or  ela- 
boration has  to  be  effected.  These  cells  are  gene- 
rally termed  primary,  elementary,  or  primordial. 
When  they  give  rise  to  other  cells,  they  are.  at 
times,  termed  parent  or  mother  cells;  the  result- 
i;_-        -  being  termed  daughter  eelln. 

Apoplectic  cell — c.  Bone, 
i  of  bone  —  c.  Bronchio,  Cellule,  bronchic 
—  0.  Calcigerous,   see   Tooth  —  c.    Daughter,   see 
Cell — c.  Elementary,  see  Cell. 

I  me  or   Kimthe'i.iai..     The  cells 

or  corpuscles  tlrat  cover  the  tree  membranous  sur- 
•  the  body,  and  whiob  form  the  epidermis 
ami  epithelium,  are  termed  'epidermic  or  epithe- 
1  bey  are  developed  from  germs  fur- 
nished by  the  subjacent  membrane. 

Cell,  Epithelial,  Cell,  epidermic — c.  Fat,  see 
Fatty  vesicles. 

CELL    Force.     The  plastic  or  formative  force 
in  a  cell,  by  the  agency  of  which  the  dif- 
ferent developed.     See  Cell  Life. 

irATiov,  Cytogeny  —  o.  Genesis,  Cy- 

-c.  Germ,  Cytoblast,  see  .Molecule  —  c. 

Germinal,  see  Cytoblast — ai  Nucleated,  see  Cyto- 

Lm.       The  life   which   is  possessed   by 
irate  cells  that  form  the  tissues,  ami  by 
whieh  the  nutrition  of  the  tisauet  is  presumed  to 
ted. 

.  Mother,  see  Cell  — c.  Osseous,  Lacuna 
of  bone — c.  Parent,  see  Cell. 

Pigment  colli  are  mingled 

with  the  epidermic  cells,  and  are  most  manifest 

in  the  coloured  races.    They  are  best  seen  on  the 

rurface  of  tbe  choroid  of  the  eye,  where 

•  rin  the  pigmentunt  nigrum. 

Cell,  Primary,  Bee  Cell  —  e.  Primordial,  see 

Cell-  in — c.  Wall,  see  Cell. 

CELLA,  C<  11—  o.  of  the 

Brain— e.  Turcica,  Bella  Turcica. 

.  badly  compounded  from 


md   ufa,   'resemblance.'      Resembling  a 

cell  or  cellule. 

CELL  17 LA,  Cellule. 

CELLULiE  t  nhi.  bm  Colon— c,  Across,  Cel- 
lules, bronchic  —  c.  BronchicSB,  see  Cellule  —  c. 
Mastoideso,  Mastoid  cells  —  c.  Medullai 
Medullary  membrane  —  c.  Pulmonales,  Cellules 
bronchic,  see  Pulino — c.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of 
the  blood. 

CEL'LUL  Ml.  Cellula'ris,  Cellulo'sus,  (I     I 
lulnirc.     Composed  of  cells  or  cellules,  fr<  DO 
or  cellula,  '  a  cell.' 

•  ii'inu:  Membrane,  Membra'ua   cellulo'ea 

seu   Cellula'ris, —  M.  adipo'sa  sen  pinguedino'sa, 

"t    some.     Pannic'ulus     adipo'eue,  —  Membrane 

formed  of  cellular  tissue,  ([•'.)  Membrane  cellu- 

Generally  used  for  the  tissue  itself. 

Cellular  System.     The  whole  of  the  cellular 

tissue  of  the  human  body. 

Cellular  Tissue,  Tela  cellula'ris  sen  cellulo'- 
sa  sea  Hippoc' ratis cribro'sa,  Eth'myphi,  Corttex'- 
tns  ceUulo'sus,  Reticula' ted, filamentous,  laminated, 
crib'riform,  porous,  are'olar,  connec'tive,  and 
mucous  Tissue,  Hetic'ular  or  cellular  substance, 
.]■ .  Tiesu  cellulairty,  riticuU,  lamineux,  cribleux, 
/!•■!■<  hx,  ariolaire,  muqueux,  conjonctif,  Kthmose  of 
Piorry,  Sn-..  is  the  moat  common  of  all  the  organic 
tissues.  It  contains  irregular  areolat  b< 
the  fibres,  as  well  as  serum,  fat.  and  the  adipous 
tissue.  Of  the  fibres,  some  are  of  the  yellow  elas- 
tic kind;  but  the  greater  part  are  of  the  white 
fibrous  tissue,  and  they  frequently  present  the 
form  of  broad  flat  bands,  in  which  no  distinct 
fibrous  arrangement  is  perceptible.  See  Fibrous. 
The  cellular  tissue  or  texture  unites  every  part 
of  the  body,  determines  its  shape,  and  by  its 
elasticity  and  contractility,  and  by  the  fluid 
whieh  it  contains  in  its  cells,  facilitates  the  mo- 
tion of  parts  on  each  Other. 

Cellular  tissue  has  been  divided  by  anatomist? 
into  the  external,  general  or  common  cellular 
tissue — textus  cellula'ris  interme'dius  seu  laws, 
which  does  not  penetrate  the  organs, — the  cellu- 
lar texture  which  forms  the  envelopes  of  organs 
— textus  cellula'ris  etrietus,  and  that  which  pene- 
trates into  the  organs,  accompanying  and  enve- 
loping all  their  parts. —  the  textus  cellula'ris  sti- 
pa'tus,  constituting  the  basis  of  all  the  organs. 
It  has  likewise  been  termed  Textus  organ'icus 
sen  parenchyma' lis. 
Cellular  Tissur  of  Boxes,  sec  Caneelli. 
CEL'LULE,  Cel'lula,  diminutive  of  eella,  'a 
cavity.'  A  small  cavity.  (F.)  Cellule.  Cellules 
are  the  small  cavities  between  the  lamina  of  tbe 
cellular  tissue,  corpora  cavernosa,  Ac. 

Cellules  or  Cells,  Bronchic,  iwiuhr  limn', 
chicle  seu  Pulmona*les  sen  Ae'rea,  Pari  pulmo'- 
num,  Vesie'nla  pulmonales.  The  air-cells  of  the 
lungs.     See  Pulmo. 

CELLULl  S     BXONCRFQUES,     Bronchial 
cells — c  '/"-  <)«,  Lacuna;    of  Bone  —  c.  Onseuncn, 
Lacunas  of  Bone. 
CELLULITIS  VENENATA,  see  Wound. 
CBLLUL0-FIBR01  8   TUMOUR,    Tumour, 
fibro-cellular. 

CEL'Ll  LOSE,  -ame  etymon  as  Cellnle.  The 
subatanee  which  is  left  alter  the  action  upon  any 
kind  of  vegetable  tissue  of  such  so- 
fitted  to  dissolve  out  the  matter  deposited  in  its 
Cavities  and  interstices.  The  tunieated  or  BSci- 
dian  mollu8Ca  have,  in  their  integuments,  a  con. 
siderable  quantity  of  it,  and  it  exists  in  the  Cor- 
pora amylacea  of  the  brain  and  other  parti 
is  identical  with  starch,  in  the  proportion  of  its 

Constituents,  and  forms  the  principal  part    of  the 
thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  iv: 

which  the  vegetable  "rLMni-m  is  conn 
CI  LLULOSUS,  Cellular. 
1  BL0L0G"]  \.  from  KnXn,  'rupture,'  and  \oyos, 


CELOSOMUS 


184 


CENTRAL 


A  trea- 


'  a  discourse.'     The  doctrine  of  hernia, 
tise  on  hernia. 

CELOSO'MUS,    from    KTjXrj,  '»   rupture,'   and 
ciaua,  •  body.'     A  monster  in  which  the  trunk  is 
malformed,  and  eventration  or  displacement  of  II 
the  viscera  exists. 

CELOTES,  see  Hernial. 

CELOTOM'IA,  Kelotom'ia,  Celot'omy,  from 
Kr/Xyj,  'a  rupture,'  and  rcuvtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  ope- 
ration, formerly  employed  for  the  radical  cure  of 
inguinal  hernia:  which  consisted,  principally,  in 
passing  a  ligature  round  the  hernial  sac  and  sper- 
matic vessels.  It  necessarily  occasioned  atrophy 
and  loss  of  the  testicle;  and  did  not  secure  the 
patient  against  the  return  of  the  disease.  The 
intestines  were,  of  course,  not  included  in  the 
ligature.  Also,  the  operation  for  hernia  in  gene- 
v.il, — Herniotomy. 

CELOT'OMUS,  same  etymon.  Herniot'omus. 
A  knife  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  Adjec- 
tively,  it  means  relating  to  celotomy,  like  Celo- 
tinn' lens. 

CELSA.  A  term,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  a 
cutaneous  disease,  dependent,  according  to  him, 
on  a  false  or  heterogeneous  spirit  or  vapour,  con- 
cealed under  the  integuments,  and  endeavouring 
to  escape.     Perhaps  the  disease  was  Urticaria. 

CELSUS,  METHOD  OF,  see  Lithotomy. 

CELTIS  OCCIDENT A'LIS,Sugarberry,  Hack- 
berry,  Nettletree,  Beaverwood.  Order,  Ulmaceas  : 
indigenous,  flowering  in  May.  The  bark  is  said 
to  be  anodyne  and  cooling:  the  berries  are  sweet 
and  astringent.     It  has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

CEMBRO  NUTS,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CEMENT.  A  glutinous  substance  introduced 
into  a  carious  tooth  to  prevent  the  access  of  air 
or  other  extraneous  matters.  The  following  is 
an  example:  R.  Sandarac.  SJ'j  '■>  Mastich.  £i; 
Siierfn.  gr.  x.  JEther.  %}  ;  Dissolve  with  the  aid 
of  heat.  Oslermaier's  Cement  for  the  teeth,  is 
prepared  of  finely  powdered  caustic  lime,  thirteen 
p:irts:  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  twelve  parts. 
"When  introduced  into  a  carious  tooth,  it  becomes  [ 
s  did  in  about  two  minutes. 

C E  M K NTE RIU M,  Crucible. 

CEMENTUM,  see  Tooth. 

CENANGIA,  Ceneangia. 

CENCHRON.  Panicum  miliaceum. 

GENDREa  D  U  LE  VANT,  Soda. 

CEXDRE,  Cineritious. 

CEXDRES  GRAYELEES,  see  Potash  —  c. 
de  Sarmeut,  see  Potash. 

CENEAXGI'A,  Cenangi'a,  from  kcvo<;,  'empty,' 
and  ayyetov,  'a  vesseL'  Inanition.  Empty  state 
of  vessels. — Galen. 

CENEMBATE'SIS,  from  kevos,  'empty,'  and 
tn'iiaivw,  •  I  enter.'  Paracentesis.  Also,  the  act 
of  probing;  a  wound  or  cavity;  Melo'sis. 

CENEONES,  Flanks. 

CEXESTHESIE.  Ccensesthesis. 

CENIGDAM,  Ceniplam. 

CEXIGOTAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIPLAM,  Genigdam,  Cenigotam,  Cenipo- 
lam.  The  name  of  au  instrument  anciently  used 
for  opening  the  head  in  epilepsy. — Paracelsus. 

CENIPOLAM.  Ceniplam. 

CENO'SIS,  from  (cevos,  '  empty.'  Ine'sis,  Ineth- 
ijjo*.  Evacuation.  It  is  sometimes  employed 
synonymously  with  inanition,  and  opposed  to  re- 
pletion.—  E.rinru>it"io. 

CENOSPUDIA,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

CENOTIC,  Drastic. 

CENOT'ICA,  from  Ktvuxris,  'evacuation.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  fluids.  Morbid  discharges  or 
excess,  deficiency  or  irregularity  of  such  as  are 
natural.  The  first  order,  class  Genetica,  of  Good. 
Also. Drastic*. 

CENTAUREA  BEHEN,  Serrat'ula  behen,  Be- 


hen    abiad,    Rehen    album,   Been,    White    Behen. 
Ord.  Gentianea?.     Astringent. 

Centaurea  Beneihu'ta.  Cnr'duus  benedic'tus, 
Cnicus  sylves'tris  seu  benedic'tus,  Cardiobot' amim^ 
Blessed  or  Holy  Thistle,  Virgin-Mary  Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardon  benit.  Fam.  Cynarocephaleae.  Sex: 
Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  frustranea.  A  strong 
decoction  of  the  herb  is  emetic  : — a  strong  infu- 
sion, diaphoretic  [?  ]  ;  a  light  infusion,  tonic  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  3Jj  of  the  powder. 

Centaurea  Calcitra'pa,  Calcitra'pa,  Galea* 
trep'pola,  Car' dam  solstitia'lis  seu  stclla'tns, 
Ja'cea  ramosis'sima,  Cacotrib' nhis,  Calcitrnp' jxt 
stella' ta  seu  hippophces'tum,  Stella'ta  rupi'na, 
Centaur e' a  stella'ta,  Common  Star-Thistle,  Star- 
Knapweed,  (F.)  Centauree  etoilee,  Chardon  etoile, 
Chaussetrappe,  Pignerole.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  properties,  and  has  been  given  in  intermit- 
tents,  dyspepsia,  &c.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Centaurea  Cextauri'um.  Rkapon'ticum  vnl- 
ga're,  Centauri'um  magnum  seu  majus  seu  offici- 
na'le,  Greater  Cen'taury,  (F.)  Centauree  grande. 
It  is  a  bitter;  and  was  formerly  used  as  a* tonic, 
especially  the  root. 

Centaurea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anns,  Bine  bottle, 
Corn-flower,  Blue  bonnets,  (Se.)  Blawort,  (F.) 
Rlarelle,  Blaveole,  Blaverolle,  Bluet,  B<irbean, 
Aubifoin,  Casse-lunette.  The  flowers  were  once 
much  used  as  a  cordial,  tonic,  &c.  They  are  now 
forgotten. 

Centaurea  Steixata,  Centaurea  ealcitrapa. 
CENTAUREE  ETOILEE,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa— c.  Grande,  Centaurea  centaurium — c.  Pe- 
tite, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAUREUM,  Chironia  centaurium. 
CENTAURIS,  Chironia  centaurium. 
CENTAURIUM    MAGNUM.  Centaurea  cen- 
taurium— c.  Minus  vulgare,  Chironia  centaurium 
—  c.  Officinale,   Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Par- 
Tum,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURY,  AMERICAN,  Chironia  angu- 
laris  —  c.  European,  Chironia  centaurium  —  c. 
Greater,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Lesser,  Chi- 
ronia centaurium. 

CENTESIS,  Paracentesis,  Puncture. 
CENTIGRAMME,  (F.)  from  centum,  'a  hun- 
dred,' and  ypafifia,  '  gramme,'  Centigram'ma. 
The  hundredth  part  of  a  gramme.  A  centigram- 
me is  equal  to  about  the  fifth  part  of  a  French 
grain,  gr.  .1543  Troy. 

CEXTILITRE,  Centili'tra,  from  centum,  'a 
hundred,'  and  Xirpa,  'litre.'  An  ancient  Greek 
measure  for  liquids  :  —  the  hundredth  part  of  a 
litre — equal  to  nearly  2.7053  fluidrachms. 

CENTIMETRE,  Centim'eter  j  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  metre — equal  to  about  four  lines, 
.3937  English  inch. 

CENTIMORBIA,  Lvsimachia  nummularis 
CENTINERVIA,  Plantago. 
GENTINODE,  Polvgonura  aviculare. 
CKNTINODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 
CENTO  VIRGINALIS,  Hvraen. 
CENTRAD,  see  Central  aspect. 
CENTRADIAPH'ANES.    Catarac'ta    centra- 
lis, from    Kevrpov,  '  centre,'  a,  privative,  and  5m- 
rpavns.  'transparent.'     Cataract  owing  to  obscurity 
of  the  central  portion  of  the  crystalline. 

CENTRAL,  Centra' 'tis,  from  centrum,  'the  cen- 
tre.'    Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  centre. 

Central  Ar'tery  of  the  Ret'ina,  Arte'ria 
Centra' Us  Ret'ince,  Central  Artery  of  Zinn. 
This  artery  is  given  off  from  the  arteria  oph- 
thalmica,  and  penetrates  the  optic  nerve  a  little 
behind  the  ball  of  the  eye  ;  running  in  the 
axis  of  the  nerve,  and  spreading  out  into  many 
small  branches  upon  the  inside  of  the  retina. 
When  the  nerve  is  cut  across  near  the  eye,  the 


CENTRE 


185 


CEP  II A  LAX  THUS 


This 


orifice  of  the  divided  artery  is  observable. 
was  formerly  called  Porue  Op' tic**, 

ial  Lspbct.  An  aspect  towards  the  cen- 
tre of  an  organ. —  Barclay.  Centrad  is  nsed  by 
the  sam.-  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  'towards 
■ 

CEN  11;  i:.  Centrum,  etrroev,  (F.)  CY»ifre.  The 
middle  point  of  a  figure  or  body. 

i  op  A<  reoK.  The  visous  in  which  the 
whole  urn  irreat  part  of  any  function  is  executed, 
mil  to  which  several  other  organa  contribute. 
Thus,  the  vital  activity  seems  to  be  wholly  cen- 
tred in  the  stomach,  during  chymiftcation;  in  the 
iliind, 'Mini,  during  chylifioation.  In  like  manner, 
the  uterus   becomes  a  centre  of  action    daring 

in,  Epigas'tric.  The  ganglions  and  ner- 
vous plexuses,  formed  by  the  great  sympathetic 
and  pneumogastrio  nerves,  in  the  epigastrium, 
around  the  COSliao  artery  ;  where  the  impr. 
receive. 1  from  various  parts  of  the  body  seem  to 
be  centred. 

Centre  or  Flux/ion.  The  part  towards  which 
Acids  are  particularly  attracted.  An  irritate. 1 
organ  is  said  to  he  a  centre  of  fluxion. 

Centres,  Nervous,  1".  Centre*  nerveux.  The 
organs  whence  the  nerves  originate;  as  the  brain 
an.l  spinal  marrow. 

Centre,  Optic,  see  Optic  centre. 

Ci  nihk.  Oval,  Centrum  Ova'le,  C.  0.  Yieux*e'- 
nti,  Tegumen'tum  veutrieulo'rum  eer'ebri.  When 
the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are  slice. 1  away, 
till  on  a  level  with  the  corpus  callosum,  the  me- 
dullary part  in  each  is  of  an  oval  shape:  hence 
called  centrum  ovale  minus,  (F.)  centre  mednUaire 
himisphiral.  The  two  centres  of  the  opposite 
sides,  together  with  the  corpus  callosum.  form 
the  cfiitridii  ovale  of  PY<  ue'sene,  Vieusseos  Bup- 
i'i  the  medullary  fibres  to  insue  from  that 
paint,  and  that  it  was  the  great  diepeneatory  of 
ml  tpirite. 

Centre,  Phrenic,  Ten'dinous  Centre  of  the 
Di'aphragm,  Centrum  Phren'icnm  pea  Ner'venm 
aea  Tendino'sum  sen  Tendin'ewm,  (F.)  Centre 
phrinique  ou  tendineux  <ln  Diaphragme.  The 
central  aponeurosis  or  oordiform  tendon  of  the 
diaphragm. 

Centrb  of  Sympathetic  Irradia'tions,  (P.) 
cT irradiations  Ki/tnpathiques.  Any 
which  excites,  sympathetically,  the  action  of 
other  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  it:  and 
with  which  it  seems  to  have  no  immediate  com- 
munication.— Marjolin. 

Centre,    Tendinous,    of    tub    Diaphragm, 
.  phrenic. 

CENTROMYRINE.  Rnscus. 

CE  \  T  ROS  T  A  L'T  I  C,  Ct  utrntta/'tie,,*.  badly 
formed  from  centrum,  'the  centre.'  and  arcXXu),  'I 
■end.'  An  epithet  applied  by  l>r.  .Mar-hall  Hall 
to  the  action  of  the  vie  n<  rvoea  in  the  spinal 
centre. 

CENTRUM,  see  Vertebra?— c.  Commune,  Po- 
lar plezas  — <•.  Nerveum,  Centre,  phrenic — c.  Op- 
ticum.  Optic  eenfa  .  Centre,  oval — o. 

■Minn--,  see  ('.-ntre,  oval — c.  Ovale  nf  Vieus- 
Cenire,  oval  —  c.  Bemicironlare  gemioum, 
semiciroularis — c  Tendiaosnm,   Centre, 
phrenic 

rum  Vitv'i.k.  Nodne  sou  Fmin  vita'lie, 
eud  vital.  A  term  Bpplied,  at  times,  to 
the  medulla  oblongata;  at  others,  i"  the  medulla 
oblongata,  and  the  medulla  spinalis  as  far  as  the 
second  cervical  nerve  of  the  spinal  marrow,  in 
say  part  of  which  a  wound  would  seem  to  be  in- 
stantly fatal.  It  is  the  nervous  centre  of  respi- 
ration -ion. 

'  onia  angularia, 
viTM  CAPITA,  Eryngium  campestre, 
NTUMNODIA,  P<  lygonum  aviculare. 


CEP  A  AfiCALONICA,  Bulbus  eseulentaa, 
Bohalotte — c  .Marina.  Boilla — c  Victnrialis,  Al- 
lium victoriale — o.  Vulgaris,  Allium  eepa. 

CEPJEA,  Veronica  beocabunga. 

CEPH  kRLINUM,  Km. 'tine.' 

CEPH  IELIS  [PBC  ICUANB  L  Ipecacuanha. 

CEPH  \E.E'A.   Bead*  phalte,  from 

KtfaXv,  'head.'  Some  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  cephalalgia;  others,  for  a  periodical  head- 
achy others,  again,  for  a  more  violent  headach 
than  cephalalgia  implies;  and  others  for  a  chronic 
headach.     The  last  was  its  ancient  signification. 

Cephala'o  spaemod'ica,  Cephalalgia  tpasmod'- 
■•".  C.  Nauseo'ea,  Sick-headach,  is  charac 
by  partial,  spasmodic  pain  :  often  shifting  from 
one  part  of  the  head  to  another:  chiefly  com- 
mencing in  the  morning,  with  sickness  and  faint- 
ness.  It  is  extremely  apt  to  recur, notwithstand- 
ing every  care. 

Cephaljba  Arthritica,  Cephalagra — o.  Tle- 
micrania,    Hemicrania —  c    N  .    Spas- 

modiea— c.  Pulsatilis,  Crotaphe. 

CEPHAUEMATO'MA,  I'.  CfphaUmatome, 
from  KC(pa\r),  'head,'  and  'aiua,  'blood:'  Cephalm- 
mato'ma  neonato'rnm,  Ecchymo'ma  cap'ii  .  /.'. 
capitis  recens  nato'rum,  Thrombus  neonato'rnm, 
Absces'stts  cap'itis  eaugnin'eus  neonatorum,  Tumor 
cap'itis  sanguin'eus  neonato'rum,  Cephalophy'ma, 
Craniohannaton'cus.  A  sanguineous  tumour,  some- 
times developed  between  the  pericranium  and  tho 
bones  of  the  head  of  new-born  children.  Similar 
tumours  are  met  with  occasionally  above  other 
bones,  and  at  all  periods  of  existence. 

Cephalhematoma   Neonatorum,  Cephala>ma- 

toma. 

C  E  P  II  A  L  T. '  M  T  A.  Hyperemia  cer'ehri  sea 
Cap'itis,    Encephalohce'mia,    (P.)    // 

-■'■hi  i/n  cerveau,  EnciphalohSmie,  If.  ciri- 
brale,  Congestion  ceribrale.  Accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

CEPHALAGO'GUS,    Cephaloduc'tor,    Capiti- 
duc'tor,     from     KtcpuXt),    'head/    and    ayuyos,    'a 
leader,  a  driver.'     An  instrument  used  for  draw- 
n  the  foetal  head. 

CEPH'  It  LGRA,  from  KabaXr,,  'the  head.' and 
aypa,  'seizure.'  Cephal^'a  arthrit'iea,  Mini,. 
(ji'tin  arthrit'iea.      Gout  in  the  head. 

<  i:  I'll  A  L  AGRA' I'll  i  A.  from  Ktfrhj,  'tho 
head.' and  ypatpv,  '  a  description.'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALALGIA,  Cephaiopo'nia,  Gephalo- 
dyn'ia,  Encephaladyn'ia,  Hamonopa'gia,  from 
KC(f>n\ii,  'the  bead,1  and  aAyof,  'painj'  Encepha- 
lal'gia,  Dolor  Cap'itis  sen  cephal'icua.  Soda,  Pain 
i»  the  head;  Headach,  (Sc.)  Hedeverk,  (Prov.) 
Hedewark,  (E.)  Cephalalgia  Mai  et  tite.  Every 
kind  of  headach.  whether  symptomatic  or  idio- 
pathic, is  a  cephalalgia.  It  is  ordinarily  sympto- 
matic, and  has  to  be  treated  accordingly. 

Cephalalgia  Contagiosa,  Influenza — c.  In- 
flammatoria,  Pbrenitis. 

Cephalalgia  Periodica,  !'■  brie  intermit'tene 
cephal'ica  larva'ta,  Intermittent  headach.  Head- 
ach which  returns  periodically;  properly,  per- 
haps, a  form  of  neuralgia. 

Ceph  ilalgia  Puls  mil is.  Crotaphe— e.  Spas* 
modi  en,  Bee  I  '•  phalsaa. 

CEPHALALOG"IA,  from  *f,rv,,\„,  'the  bead,1 
and  \oyos,  ' a  discourse.'  An  anatomical  disser- 
tation on  the  head. 

C&PHALANTHE    UAMjiniQUE,   Cepha- 
lanthus  ocoidentalis. 
CEPHALAN'THUS  OCCIDENTA'LTS,  »*/- 

tonwood  shrnh,  Buttonbush,  White  Ball,  Little 
Snowball,  Swampwood,  I'mnl  Dogwood,  t;i,,l,e. 
flower,    (P.J    Cephalanthi    eTAmtrique,    B 

Marais.     An  ornamental  shrub,  Ord   Rnbii a>* 

it.  Tetran  Iria  Monogynia,  whioh  gp 


CEPIIALARTICA 


186 


CERAS 


over  the  United  States,  near  streams  and  ponds, 
and  flowers  in  July  and  August.  The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  used  as  an  antiperiodic  tonic. 

CEPH  YLARTICA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CEPHALATOM'IA,  Cephalotom'ia,  from 
Kz<pa\r),  '  the  head,'  and  Tc/xveiv,  '  to  cut.'  Ana- 
tomy, or  dissection,  or  opening  of  the  head. 

CEP  I  [ALE.  Head. 

CEP  HA  LEMA  TOME,  Cephalhematoma. 

C  E  P II  A  L '  I C,  Cephal'icus,  Capita'lis.  .from 
Kt6a\ri,  'the  head.'  (F.)  Cephalique.  Relating 
to  the  head. 

Cepiial'ic  Rem'edies,  Cephal'ica  seu  Capita'- 
lia  remcd'ia,  are  remedies  capable  of  relieving 
affections  of  the  head,  especially  headach : — 
Cephalar'tiea. 

Cephal'ic  Vein,  Vena  Cephal'ica  seu  Cap'- 
itis,  (F.)  Veine  cephalique,  Veine  radlale  cntanee 
of  Chaussier.  The  great  superficial  vein  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  arm  and  fore-arm.  It  begins 
on  the  back  of  the  hand,  by  a  number  of  radicles, 
which  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  called  the  Ceph- 
alic of  the  Thumb,  Cephal'ica  Pol' lids,  (F.)  Veine 
ciphnlique  dn  ponce.  It  ascends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  fore-arm,  where  it  forms 
the  superficial  radial.  At  the  fold  of  the  elbow 
it  receives  the  median  cephalic,  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  biceps,  and  opens  into  the  axil- 
lary vein.  The  name  Cephalic  was  given  to  it  by 
the  ancients,  because  they  thought  it  had  some 
connection  with  the  head,  and  that  blood-letting 
ought  to  be  performed  on  it.  in  head  affections. 

Chaussier  calls  the  internal  jugular,  Veine  ce- 
phalique, and  the  primary  or  common  carotid, 
Artere  cephalique. 

CEPHALIDIUM,  see  Caput. 

CEP  H  ALI'NE.  The  base  or  root  of  the  tongue. 
— Gorraeus. 

CEPFIALIS.  see  Caput. 

CEPHALITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CEPHALIUM,  see  Caput. 

CEPIIALODUCTOR,  Cephalago^us. 

CEPHALODYM'IA,  Encephalodym'ia;  from 
Kt(l>u\r),  'head,'  and  <W,  'I  enter  into.'  A  class 
of  double  monstrosities,  in  which  the  heads  are 
united.  It  is  divided  into  two  genera,  Fronto- 
dtjm'ia  and  Bregmatodym'ia:  in  the  former  the 
Union  being  between  the  ossa  frontis  ;  in  the  lat- 
ter between  the  bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALODYXIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPIIALCEDEMA.  Hydrocephalus. 

CEPHALOG'RAPHY,  Cephalograph'ia  ;  from 
Kt(pn\n,  'head,'  and  ypa<pt],  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALOID,  Encephaloid. 

CEPIIALOL'OGY,  Cephalolog"ia;  from K£<}>a)<v, 
and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  head. 

CEP  HALO  MA,  Encephaloid. 

CEPHALOM'ELUS.  (F.)  Cephalomlle ;  from 
Kttyakr),  'head,'  and  /xeXos,  'a  limb.'  A  monster 
having  one  or  two  accessory  limbs  on  the  head. 
—I.  C.  St.  Hilaire. 

CEPHALO-MEXIXGITIS,  Meningo-cephali- 
tis. 

CEPHALOM'ETER,  (F.)  Cephalmnltre,  from 
Kt<pa\ri,  'the  head.'  and  ^itrpov,  'measure/  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  different  dimensions 
of  the  foetal  head,  during  the  process  of  accouche- 
ment.    A  kind  of  forceps. 

CEPHALON'OSUS,  from  Kt<pa\v,  'the  head.' 
and  vocoq,  'disease.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  the  Fehris  Hungar'ica,  in  which  the  head  was 
much  affected.  See  Fever.  Hungaric.  Others 
have  so  called  any  cerebral  disease  or  fever. 

CEPIIALOPAOES.  Symphvocephalus. 

CEPirALO-PHARYNGyE'US,  from  Kt<pa*r,, 
'the  head.'  and  fpapvyg,  'the  pharynx:'  belonging 
to  the  head  and  pharynx.     Winslow  has  given 


this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
ryngis  superior,  which  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  basilary  process  of  the  os 
occipitis.      The   Ceph 'alo-pha r yngc' ' al  Aponenro' - 
sis  is  a  thin,  fibrous  membrane,  which  is  attached 
to  the  basilary  process,  and  gives  insertion  to  the 
fibres  of  the  constrictor  superior  pharungis. 
CEPHALOPHYMA,  Cephalhematoma. 
CEPHALOPOXIA,  Cephalalgia. 
CEPHALO-RACHLDIAX,  Cephalo-spinal. 
CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA,       Encephalosb- 
matodym'ia ;  from  xeQaXn,   '  head,'  awpa,   'body,' 
and  Sum,  'I  enter  into.'     A  double  monstrosity, 
in  which  the  union  is  between  the  heads  and  the 
trunks.     Of  this  there  are  varieties  : — for  exam- 
ple, Infra-maxillostermodym'ia,  where  the  union 
is  with  the  inferior  maxillary  bones  and  sterna  ; 
and  Prosoposternodijm'ia,  between  the  faces  and 
sterna. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spina'lis,  Ceph'- 
alo-rachid'ian,  Enceph'  alo-rachid'  ian ,  Cerebro- 
spinal, Cer'ebro-roch  id'ian.  Craniospinal.  A 
hybrid  term,  from  KecjiaXr/,  'head,'  and  spina, 
'spine.'     Belonging  to  the  head  and  spine. 

Ceph'alo-spinal  Fluid,  Cephalo-ravhid'ian 
fluid.  Cer'ebro-spinal  fluid,  Flu'idum  cer'ebro- 
spina'le,  Subarachnoid' ean  fluid,  (F.)  Liquidc 
cephalo-rachidien,  is  an  exhaled  fluid,  which  is 
found  beneath  the  arachnoid,  wherever  pia  mater 
exists  in  connexion  with  the  brain  and  spinal 
cord.  It  seems  to  have  a  protecting  office,  and 
to  keep  up  a  certain  degree  of  pressure  on  the 
organ — at  least  in  the  spinal  canal. 

CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MEXUS,  from 
Kt(pa\n,  'head,'  Oupai;.  'the  chest,'  and  artpeiv,  'to 
rob.'  A  monster  without  head  or  chest. 
CEPHALOTOMIA,  Eccephalosis. 
OMPHALOTRIBE,  (F.)  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Baudelocque,  the  nephew,  for  crushing 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero;  from  kh}xi\tj,  '  the 
head,'  and  Tpi(3w,  '  I  bruise.'  It  consists  of  a 
strong  forceps,  the  blades  of  which  are  solid:  16 
lines  broad,  and  3  thick.  The  handles  are  per- 
forated at  their  extremity  to  receive  a  screw  with 
three  threads,  the  direction  of  which  is  very  ob- 
lique, so  as  to  allow  great  rapidity  of  rotation, 
and  the  screw  is  moved  by  a  winch  6  inches  long, 
to  increase  the  force  of  the  pressure.  The  bones 
of  the  head  are  easily  crushed  by  it. 

CEPHALOTRIP'SY,     Cephalotrip'sis ;     same 
etymon  as  Cephalotribe.     The  operation  of  crush- 
ing the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
CEPHALOTRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 
CEPHALOXIA,  Torticollis. 
CEPULLA,  Allium  cepa. 
CER,  Heart. 

CERA  FLAVA  et  CERA  ALBA,  Ceros,  Yel- 
low and  White  Wax,  (F.)  Cire  Jaune  et  Blanche. 
An  animal  substance  prepared  by  the  bee,  and 
by  some  plants,  as  the  Cerox'ylon  and  Myri'm 
cerif'era.  Its  colour  is  yellow,  and  smel!  like 
that  of  honey,  but  both  are  lost  by  bleaching. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient;  is  sometimes  given 
in  the  form  of  emulsion,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysen- 
tery, but  is  chiefly  used  in  cerates  and  ointments. 
CERjJE'iE,  from  Ktpag,  'a  horn,'  Ktpaiai.  The 
Cornua  of  the  uterus. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

CERAM'ICE,  Cerami'tis, from  Ktpapoc,  'potter's 
earth.'  A  sort  of  earth  used  as  a  cataplasm  in 
peripneumony. — Hippocrates. 

CERAMIUM,  Amphora — c.  Helminthochortus, 
Corallina  Corsicana. 

CERAMXIUM,  Amphora. 
CERAMURIA.  see  Urine. 
CERANTHEMUS,  Propolis. 
CERAS,  Ktpas,  'genitive,'  Krparas,  'horn.'  Cor- 
nu ;  also,  the  Cornea.     Hence,  Ceratectomia,  Ce- 
ratocele,  &c. 


CERASIOX 


18 


CERATOTOMIA 


CERASIOX.  see  Prunus  ceruMB. 

CERAS'MA,  from  Ksearrvui,  •  to  mix:'  some- 
thing mixed.  A  mixture  oi'  hot  and  cold  water. 
M,  tatu  rae'ma, — Grorrssua 

CERASUM,  see  Prunua  eerasus. 

CERASUA  ACIDA,  Prunua  eerasus'-— e.  Avi- 
um. Prunus  avium,  P.  nigra  —  o.  Dulcis,  Prunus 
nigra —  e.  Hortensis,  Prunus  cerasua —  c  Lauro- 
oerasas,  Prunua  laurocerasua  —  o.  Padua,  Prunus; 
padua  —  o.  Raeemosus  Bylvestris,  Prunua  padua 
— c  Rubra,  Prunua  cerasua — c.  Serotina,  Prunus 
Virgin iann — o.  Virginiana,  Prunus  Virginiana  — 
c.  Vulgaris,  Prunus  eerasus. 

CJ0RAT  BLANC  ou  DE  G ALIEN,  Ceratum 
Guleni — c.  a\  Baleine,  Ceratum  cetacei 

—  c.  de  Goulard,  Ceratum  plumbi  —  e.  pour  lee 
JL^vree,  Cerate  for  the  lips — c.  de  Plomb  composi, 
Ceratum  plumbi  compositum  —  c,  de  Savon,  Ce- 
ratum Saponis— c.  </<  SuracState  de  plumb,  Cera- 
tum plumbi  superacetatie. 

CE'RATE,  Cera' turn,  from  Krjpas,  Lat.  con, 
'wax.'  Cerela'um,  Cero'ma,  Cero'ninm,  Gero'tum, 
i  turn,    Oleo-cera'tum,    Ceratomalag'ma,   (F.) 

'■'.  Liparoidi. 
A  composition  of  wax,  oil,  or  lard,  without  other 
ingredients. 

CrRATE,  Simple  Cerate,  Gera'tum,  Cera' turn 
eimplex  \  Ph.  I'.'  S. ).  V.  '  $rai  Simple.  (  White 
^w.  Lard,  gviij.J  It  is  applied  as  an 
emollient  to  excoriations,  «tc.  See  Ceratum  Ce- 
tacei. 

Ckratk.  Belleville's,  see  Unguentum  Hy- 
drariryri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Cerate  >>f  Cal'amixb,  Gera'tum  Calami' not 
pin  Calamines  prcepara'ta  sen  Carbona'tis  zinci 
impu'ri  sen  Zinei  Carbona'tis  sen  lap'idis  Cn- 
lamina'rie  sen  epulot'icum,  Cerate  of  Carbonate 
of  Zinc,  Turner's  Cerate,  Healing  Salve,  (F.j 
Cirut  id-  Pierre  CalaminaJre,  C.  de  Calamine, 
[Calamin.,  Cera  flavor,  aa  3  i i j ,  adipie,  tbj.  Melt 
the  wax  and  lard  together,  ami,  on  cooling,  add 
the  carbonate  of  zinc  and  stir  till  cool. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

C br ate  ok  Canthar'ideb,  Cera'tum  Canthar'- 
idis  sen  Lytta,  Blister  Ointment,  Ointment  of 
Spanish  Flies,  Unguen'tum  ad  vemeato'ria  seu 
ix  Mel'oes  vesica  to' rii  sou  epispae'ticum 
for'tius,  (  F. )  Girai  dt  Cantharide*.  [Spermaceti 
cerate  jjvj,  Can tha rides  in  powder,  JJj.  The 
Derate  being  softened  by  heat,  stir  in  the  flies.) 
This  cerate  of  the  European  Pharmacopoeias  is 
Died  to  keep  blisters,  issues!  Ac.,  open.  See  Un- 
guentum LyttSB.  For  the  Cerate  of  Spanish  flies 
of    the    U.    S.    Pharmacopoeia,    see    Emplastrum 

Cerate,  Goulard's,  Ceratum  plumbi  compo- 
situm. 

\tf.,    KiRKLAifD'a    Neutral.      [Diachyl. 


d    rh.dk 


when 


^vnj,  nlirs  oil    ~iv.  prep 

nearly  cool,  add  Acet.  dest.  £iv-,  plumb  superacet. 

JJHj-)       A   COOling  emollient. 

■  !  1:  or  Poua'tum  pob  the  Lips,  Gera'tum 
labia' le  rubrum,  Pomnta' turn  ad  labia  demuieen'- 
dit. — Ph.  P.  (P.)  Cirat  ou  Pommade  pour  lee 
Uvres,  (Wax  '.)  parts;  oil  1  ti  parts;  —  coloured 
tcitit  alkam  1. ) 

CERATE,    LEAD,    COMPOUJTD,    Ceratum    plumbi 

-  turn. 
1 1..  M  irshall's.    [Palm  oil  jjvi.  calomel 
xj,  an  far  of  lead  §88,  ointment  of  nitrate  qfmer- 
**ry  .?«j.O 

itb,  Rebut,  Com  pound,  Ceratum  Rcsina? 
compositum  —  0.  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinee —  e. 
Snap,  Ceratum  Baponia — c  Spermaceti,  Ceratum 
—  e.  of  Superacetate  '>r  Bugat  of  lead,  Ce- 
ratum plumbi  Buperacetatia  —  c.  Turner's,  Cerate 
of  Calamine  —  c  of  Carbonate  of  sine,  Cerate  of 

calamine. 

CERATECTOMTA,   from    Ktpas,  Ktparos,  'the 


cornea.'  and  tKTOftos,  'cut  out.'  An  incision 
through  the  cornea     See  Ceratotomia. 

CERATIA,  Ceratoninm  Biliqua. 

CERATI'ASIS,  Kerati'aeie,  from  Ktpas,  Ktparos, 
'horn.'  A  morbid  condition  characterized  by 
corneous   growths. 

CERATION,  Siliqua, 

CERATI'TIS,  Ke rati' tie,  from  Ktpas,  Ktparos, 
'the  cornea,'  and  itie,  'inflammation.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  cornea,  Cerati'tie,  CeratodtVtis, 
hi  ritindi  i'tis,    Ceratomeningi'tie,    Comei'tis,   ln- 

jlamnm't  i<>    <<>>•' >n  a  . 

CERATIUM,  Ceratoninm  siliqua 

CER'ATO.  In  composition,  relating  or  apper- 
'  taining  to  the  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
cornea. 

CERATOCE'Ll.  Keratoce'li,  Aquula,  Uva'. 
tin.  Prominentia  Gor'neee,  Hernia  Gor'nea,  Gera- 
todeoce'/e,   from    Ktpas,    Ktparos,    'horn.'  ami    «>;>//, 

'tumour.'  A  protrusion  of  the  transparent  cor- 
nea, or  rather  of  the  membrane  of  the  Bqueoua 
humour,  trough  an  opening  in  the  cornea. 

CERATODEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATODEOCELE,  Ceratooele. 

CERATODEONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

CERATODES  MEMERANA,  Cornea. 

CERATOGLOS'SUS,  Keratoglos'eue,  from  ce- 

rato,  and  y\woaa,   '  the  tongue.'     A   muscle,  ex- 

j  tending  from  the  great  cornu  of  the  oa  hyoidea  to 

the  base  of  the  tongue.     It  is  a  part  of  the  hyo- 

glossus. 

CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

CERATOLEUCOMA,  Leucoraa. 

CERATO'MA,  Gerato'eie,  from  Ktpas,  Ktparos, 
'horn.'     A  horny  growth,  or  horny  formation. 

CER'ATO-MALA'CIA,  Ker'ato-mala'cia,  from 
I  Ktpas,  Ktparos,  'cornea,'  and  na\u<ia,  'softness.' 
Softening  of  the  cornea,  the  result  of  inflamma- 
|  tion  or  of  starvation. 

CERATO-MALAGMA,  Cerate. 

CERATO-MENINGITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATO-MENINX,  Cornea. 

OERATQ'NIA,  SIL'IQUA,  from  «PaS.  Ktpnros, 
'a  horn'  —  from  its  hornlike  pod.  The  Garob 
,  Tree,  Gera'tium,  Cera'tia,  Sil'iqna  dulcis,  Caro'- 
\  ba  Alnabati,  Sweetpod,  (F.)  Caroubier,  [Fruit, 
Garovge.)  This — the  fruit  of  the  Ceratonia  sili- 
qua— is  mucilaginous,  and  employed  in  decoction 
where  mucilagea  are  indicated. 

CERATOXVX'lS,  Keratonyx'is,  G\  ratodeo- 
nyx'is,  from  xepas,  Keparog,  '  the  cornea,'  and  rva- 
ffw,  'I  puncture.'  An  operation  by  which  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  by  means  of  a  needle  in- 
troduced into  the  eye  through  the  cornea.  Some 
divide  the  crystalline  into  fragments  with  the 
needle,  and  leave  them  to  the  action  of  the  ab- 
sorbents. The  operation  is  as  old  as  the  17th 
century. 

CER'ATO-PIIARYNGE'US,  Ker'ato-Pharyn- 

|  f/e'us,    from    cerato,    and    (papvyi-,  'the    pharynx.' 

<  The  great  and  snail  Cer'ato-pharynge'i  are  mum  11 

fleshy   bundles,  forming  part  of  the  Hyopharyn- 

(j<  ue  of  Win  slow. 

<KK ATOPLAS'TICE,  Oer'atoplaety,   Ker'ato- 

pl'txti/,  from  Ktpiis,  kcijutos,  '  the  cornea,'  and  jtW- 

I  tikos,  '  forming,  formative.'   The  operation  for  the 

formation  of  an  artificial  cornea.     It  baa  not  bain 

practised  on  man. 

CERATORRHEX'IS,  Ruptu'ra  cor'neau  from 
Ktpas,  Ktpnroi,  'the  cornea,'  and  pviis,  'rupture.' 
Rupture  of  the  corneii. 

CERATOSIS,  C-rat,, ma. 

OER'ATO-STAPHYLFNUS,   Ker'ato-etaphyl 

Mas,  from  cerato,  and  eras}v\n,  'the  uvula.' 
>'-iw-  Hohv   fibres  of  the  Thyro^staphylimts  of 

Win-low. 

CBRATOTCMIA,   Cerattetom'ia,  from   r.paf< 

Kcmirof,  'corn. ■a.'  and  rcpvtiv,  'to  Cut.'  Section 
,  of  the  transparent  cornea.     This  incision  is  u^cd 


/ 


CERATOTOMUS 


188 


CEREBELLTTIS 


in  the  operation  for  cataract,  to  give  exit  to  pus  ! 
effused  in  the  eve,  in  case  of  hypopyon,  <fec. 

CERATOT'OMUS,  Keratot'omus,  Kerat'omus, 
from  ki  ,ia,  Kcparoi,  'cornea,'  and  repvuv,  'to  cut.'  \ 
A  name  (riven  by  Wenzel  to  his  knife  for  dividing 
the  transparent  cornea,  in  the  operation  for  cata- 
ract. Many  modifications  of  the  instrument  have 
been  made  since  WenzeFs  time.  See  Knife,  ca- 
taract. 

CERATUM,  Cerate— c.  Alhum,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei,  Ceratum  Galeni — c.  de  Althaea,  Unguentum 
de  Althaea —  c.  Calamine,  Cerate  of  Calamine — 
c.  Cantharidis,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Emplas- 
trum  Lyttae — c.  de  Cerussa,  Unguentum  plumbi 
gubcarbonatis. 

Cera'tum  Ceta'cei,  C.  Spermaceti  seu  album 
seu  ceti  seu  simplex  (Ph.  E.),  Unguen'tum  Ceta'- 
cei (Ph.  D.)  seu  adipoce'ree  ceto'rum,  Linimen'- 
I a n>  alburn.  Emplas' (rum  Sperm'atis  Ceti,  Sperma- 
ceti Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  blanc  de  baleine,  Ou- 
t/nent  blauc.  (Spermaceti,  £y,  rvhite  wax,  ^iij  ; 
olive  oil,  f  J^vi.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  good  emollient  to 
ulcers.  &c. 

Ceratum  Ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei  —  c.  Cicutae, 
Ceratum  conii — c.  Citrinum,  Ceratum  resinae. 

Cera'tum  Coni'i.  Cera' turn  Cicn'tce.  (Ung. 
conii,  Ibj  :  cetacei,  ^ij  ;  ceres  albas,  ^iij.)  A  for- 
mula in  Bartholomew's  Hospital;  occasionally 
applied  to  cancerous,  scrofulous  sores,  &c. 

Ceratum  Epuloticum,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

Cera'tum  Gale'xi,  C.  album  seu  refrig"erana 
Gale'ni,  Unguen'tum  cera'tum  seu  amygdali'num 
seu  simplex,  Emplas'trum  ad  fnntic'ulos,  O'leo- 
cera'tum  aqua  subac'tum,  Cold  Cream,  (F.)  Cerat 
blanc  ou  de  Galien.  (  White  toax,  4  parts:  oil 
of  street  almonds,  16  parts;  add,  when  melted. 
voter  or  rose-water,  12  parts.  Ph.  P.)  A  mild 
application  to  chaps,  <fec. 

Cera'tum  Hydrar'gyri  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Cerate  of  Mercury.  (Ung.  Hydrarg.,  Ce- 
rat. Sapon.  Comp.,  aa,  ^vj  ;  Camphor,  ^  iss. 
Rub  together.  Ph.  L.)  A  discutient  to  indolent 
tumours. 

Ceratum  Labiale  Rubrum,  Cerate  for  the 
lips  —  c.  Lapidis  calaminaris,  Cerate  of  calamine 
—  c.  Lithargyri  acetati  compositum,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum — c.  Lyttae,  Cerate  of  cantha- 
rides— c.  Mercuriale,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — c. 
Picatum,  Pisselaeum. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  C.  Lithar'gyri 
Aceta'ti  Compos'itum  seu  Subaceta'ti  plumbi  medi- 
ca'him  seu  Plumbi  Subaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Sa- 
tur'ni,  Compound  Lead  Cerate,  Goulard's  Cerate, 
Goulard's  Ointment,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Goulard,  C.  de 
J'lomb  compose.  (Liq.  plumb,  subacet.,  ^iiss; 
cerce  flavce,  .^ivj  oL  oliv.,  ^ix  ;  camphorce,  £>ss.  i 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Its  virtues  are  the  same  as  the  next,  i 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  C.  Plumbi 
Aceta'ti 8,    Unguentum    Cerus'sce  Aceta'tce,   Cerate 
of  Superacetate  or  Sugar  of  Lead,  Unguentum  Ace-  : 
tatis  Plumbi,  (F.)  Cerat  de  suracetote   de  Plomb.  ] 
(Acetate  nf  lead,  gij  ;   white  wax,  ^  ij  ;   olive  oil, 
Ibss.)     Cooling  and  astringent. 

Ceratum  Refrigeraxs  Galeni,  Ceratum  Ga- 
leni. 

Ceratum  Resi'n.e,  C.  Resi'nce  favce  seu  cit'ri- 
num,  Unguen'tum  basil' icon  forum  seu  liesi'nee 
farce  seu  Resino'sum,  Resin  Cerate  or  Ointment, 
Yellow  Basil' icon,  Basi/'icon  Ointment.  (Resin. 
fav.,  Jfv;  CercB  flav.,  ijij  :  Adipis,  ,^viij.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  A  stimulating  application  to  old  ulcers, 
&c.     Digestive. 

Dr.  Smellome's  Ointment  for  the  Eyes  consists 
of  finely  powdered  verdigris,  ^ss,  rubbed  with 
oil,  and  then  mixed  with  an  ounce  of  ceratum 
resince. 

Ceratum  Resi'n.e  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Resin  Cerate,  (Resin.,  Sent,  Cerce  favce,  aa,  tbj  ; 
Terebinth.,  Ibss;    OL  Lini,  Oss.    Beshler's  Salve. 


Melt  together,  strain  through  linen,  and  stir  till 
cool.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ceratum  Saisi'n.e,  Unguentum  Sabina,  Savine 
Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Sabine.  (Savine,  in  pow- 
der, ^ij:  Resin  Cerate,  lbj.  Ph.  U.  S.  Irrita- 
tive, 'drawing.'  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
cerate  of  cantharides. 

Ceratum  Sapo'nis,  C.  Sapo'nis  Compos'itum, 
Soap  Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Savon.  (Liq.  Plumb. 
subacetat.,  Oij;  Sapon,  ^vj;  Cerce  albcE,  ^x:  01. 
olivce,  Oj.  Boil  the  solution  of  subacetate  of  lead 
with  the  soap  over  a  sTow  fire,  to  the  consistence 
of  honey;  then  transfer  to  a  water-bath,  and  eva- 
porate until  all  the  moisture  is  dissipated;  lastly, 
add  the  wax,  previously  melted  with  the  oil,  and 
mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  applied  in  cases  of  sprains 
or  fractures, 

Ceratum  Saturni,  Ceratum  plumbi  composi- 
tum—  c.  Simplex.  Cerate,  simple,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei— c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum  cetacei — c.  Subace- 
tati  plumbi  medicatum,  Ceratum  plumbi  composi- 
tum— c.  Tetrapharmacum,  Pisselaeum, 

Ceratum  Zixci  Carboxatis,  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc.  (Zinci  carbonat.  prceparat.,  ^ij  ; 
Ung.  simpl.,  gx.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  tame 
cases  as  the  Ceratum  ealaminae. 

CERAU'XIOX,  from  xepawos,  'thunder,'  'a 
thunderbolt.'  Lapis  fulmin'eus.  A  kind  of  stone, 
which  was  believed  to  be  formed  during  thunder  ; 
and  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  inducing 
sleep,  and  numerous  other  prophylactic  virtues. 
It  was  rubbed  on  the  knee,  breast,  &c,  in  swell- 
ings of  those  parts. 

CERBERA  AHOVAI,  see  Strychnine. 

Cep.bf.ra  Taughix,  Taughin'ia,  T.  venenif'era. 
A  tree  of  Madagascar,  Order,  Apocynaceae  ;  the 
kernel  of  whose  fruit  is  a  deadly  poison  ;  and  al- 
though not  larger  than  an  almond  is  sufficient  to 
destroy  twenty  people. 

Cerbera  Thevetia.  see  Strychnine. 

CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvis  cornachini. 

CERCA'RIA,  from  KtpKog,  'a  tail.'  A  genus 
of  agastric,  caudate,  infusory  animalcules,  one  of 
the  most  curious  of  which  inhabits  the  tartar  of 
the  teeth.  The,  so  called,  spermatozoa  have  been 
presumed  by  some  to  belong  to  this  genus. 

CERCHXASMUS,  Corchnus. 

CERCHXOMA,  Cerchnus. 

CERCHNUS,  Cerchnas'mus,  Cerchnum,  Cerch- 
no'ma,  from  Kcpxvtu),  '  I  render  hoarse.'  A  rough 
voice  produced  by  hoarseness.     See  Rattle. 

CERCTFIS,  Tragopogon  porrifolium. 

CER'CIS,  kcokis.  A  sort  of  pestle  for  reducing 
substances  to  powder.  Also,  the  radius  or  small 
bone  of  the  arm.     See  Pilum,  and  Radius. 

CERCLE,  Circulus— c.  de  la  Choroide,  Ciliary 
ligament — c.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CERCO'SIS,  from  tcepicos,  'a  tail.'  Men' tula 
mulie'bris,  the  Clit'oris.  Some  authors  have  em- 
ployed the  word  synonymously  with  nymphoma- 
nia and  elongation  of  the  clitoris;  and  with  Poly- 
pus Uteri,  the  Sarco'ma  Cerco'sis  of  Sauvages. 

Cercosis  Clitoridis,  Clitorism  —  c.  Externa, 
Clitorism. 

CEREA.  Cerumen. 

CEREA'LIA.  from  Ceres,  'goddess  of  corn.' 
(F.)  Cereales  (Plantes.)  The  cerealia  are  gra- 
mineous plants,  the  seed  of  which  serve  for  the 
nourishment  of  man  : — as  wheat,  barley,  rye,  &c. 
At  times,  the  same  term  is  applied  to  some  of  the 
leguminous  plants. 

CEREBARIA,  Carebaria. 

CEREBEL'LA  URI'XA.  Urine  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  of  the  colour  of  the  brain  or  cerebel- 
lum, from  which  Paracelsus  thought  he  could 
distinguish  diseases  of  that  organ. 

CEREBELLI'TIS,  badly  formed  from  cere- 
bellum and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Paren- 
cephali'tis,  Infamma'tio  cerebel'li.    Inflammation 


CKKHBELLOUS 


1  so 


C  ERF  EVIL 


of  the  cerebellum:  a  variety  of  phreuitis  or  ence- 
phalitis 

CEREBEL'LOl    -  from  cerebel- 

lum, '  tiie  little  brain.'  1 1".  ( '■  •'■'•  lit  ux.  Chaus- 
■ier  has  given  this  epithet  to  the  vessels  of  the 
Cerebellum.  The-e  are  three  in  number;  two 
of  which  are  inferior:  the  larger,  inferu 
belli,  which  arises  from  the  posterior  cerebral  or 
vertebral:  and  the  smaller,  whose  ezUteDCC  is 
-•ant.  from  the  meso  cephalic  or  basilar;  : 
— the  third,  called  tupirieure  («*- 

'/.)  is  also  a  branch  of  the  hasilary. 
\  p'OPl  I  XT,     Af 

bell"'""  :  apoplexy  of  the  cerebellum. 

CEREBEL'LOM,  diminutive  of  Cerebrum; 
m  parvum  Beu  poste'rius,  Appen'dix  ml 
m,  Encra'nion,  Encra'nis,  Epencra'nis, 
eph'alus,  Parenceph'alum, 
Wiiim,  Euceph'alus  opis'thius,  Sficrence- 
,i,  Miai  nci ph'nlum,  Little  bruin  |  i 

velet.  A  portion  of  the  medullary  ma—,  cqn- 
I  ;n  tlie  cavity  of  the  cranium.  It  fills  the 
lower  occipital  fossa.1  below  the  tentorium,  ami 
embraces  the  tuber  annulare  and  medulla.  It  is 
Oomposed,  like  the  brain,  of  vesicular  and  tubu- 
lar substance,  arranged  in  lamina,  as  it  were; 
so  that,  when  a  section  is  made  of  it,  it  has  an 
arborescent  appearance,  called  Arbor  vita.  The 
cerebellum  is  divided  into  two  lube*  or  In  misph  /■<  - 
or  /o'.  ral  mneti  t,  Lobus  superior  anterior  seu 
quadra  ngula'ris,  and  Lobuit  superior 
temiluna'ris,  and  each  Lobe  is  again  subdivided 
into  Montic'uli  or  Lobule*.  In  the  cerebellum 
,  the  cruru  oerebeUi,  the  fourth 
.  the  valvnla  magna  cerebri,  the  processus 
vermiculares,  superior  and  inferior,  Ac 

CER'EBRAL,  0  P.),  Ciribral,  from 

cerebrum,  'the   brain.'     Belonging  to  the   brain j 
similar  to  brain. 

"nys:s.  Pineal  gland. 
Cerebral  Ar'teries  are  three  on  each  side: 
—  tin1  anterior  or  artery  of  the  corpus  eallosum, 
and  the  mi  /<//.,  arte'ria  Sylvia' no,  are  furnished 
internal  carotid  :  —  the  posterior  or  /><i»te- 
rior  mi'/  iuf  rior  artery  of  tlie  I, rain,  A.  profunda 
cerebri,  arises  from  the  vertebral.  Chaussier 
calls  tii''-  •  arteries  lobaires,  because  they  corre- 
spond   witii    the    anterior,    middle,   and    p 

whilst   he  calls    the    trunks,   whence  they 

hr<tl. 

Cbrebral  Nerves  are  those  which  arise  with- 
in the  cranium.  F.  .V-  rfs  cranieua,  all  of  which, 
perhaps,  with  the  exception  of  the  olfactory,  ori- 
ginate from  the  medulla  oblong  Nerves. 

In  Pathology,  an  affection  is  called  cerebral, 
whiob  -  upies  the  brain.     Fiivre  cerf- 

brale,    Cerebral  fever,  is  a  variety  in   which  the 

CEREBRA'TION,  Cerebratio,  from  cerebrum, 
'the  brain.'  The  action  of  the  brain  duriug  any 
mental  or  morn!  manifestation. 

[FORM,  Encephaloid, 
LEBRITIS,  lM.renitis. 
LEBROPATHT,  see  Nervous  diathesis. 
EtEBRO  M  \\.  VIA.  Mollities  cerebri. 
CEREBRO-R  VCHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 
EBRO  SPINAL,  Cephalo-spiual.     Accre- 
bro-spinal  or  cerebrospinal  is  a  neurotic,  which 

over   0 r   more 

functions  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  and  their 
respective  i 

Spin  m    \  \  i  -.  -  e  Bncephalon. 
CEREBRO  SPINANT.  Cerebrospinal. 
CER'EBRUM   or   CERE'BRFM,    from    xapa, 
'the  I  .  ,„.  Cervelle. 

i  hole  of 

n tents   of    the   cranium:    at    others,    to   the 

upper  portion ; — the  posterior  and  inferior  being 

Hum.     The  bruin,  properly  so  called, 


extends  from  the  os  frontia  to  the  superior  occi- 
pital foasSB.  Anteriorly,  it  rest*  on  the  orbital 
vault:  behind  this,  on  the  middle  fossa'  of  the 
bate  of  the  cranium:  ami,  posteriorly,  on  the  ten- 
torium oerebello  superextensum.     The  upper  sur- 

divided    by  a  deep   median   cleft    |  S 
interlobaire, —  Ch.)  into  two  halves,  called  heati- 
-.    which    are    united    at    tlie    base    by    the 
cur/nix  eallosum.      At    its    surface    are    numerous 
convolutions.     The  inferior  surface  exhibits 
before   to   behind,  three   lobes,   distinguished   into 
(interim-,  middle,  and  posterior,     Tlie  middle  is 
separated    from    the    anterior    by    ti 
Svi.vus:   and   from    the   posterior,  by   a   .-hallow 
furrow  which  corresponds  to  the  upper  portion  of 
the  pars  petrosa.     Internally,  the  brain   b 
tlie    median    line,    the    orjni*    eallosum,    septum 
lucidum,  fornix,  pineal  gland,  and  third  ventricle  : 
—  and   laterally,  the   Intern!  ventricles,   in   which 
are  the  corpora  striata,  optic  tkalami,  ftc.     It  is 
contained  in  a  triple  envelope,  (see  .Men 
Its  texture  is  pulpy,  and  varies  according  to  age. 
Tu  i  substances  ii\.\y  be  distinguished  in  it  — the 
white,  medullary,   tubular  or  fibrous  —  medull'a 
cer'ebri,   (F.)    Pulpe    ciribral,   and    the   cortical, 
cineritious,   vesicular,    or   gray.     The    former   is 
white;   and  occupies   all   the  interior  and  base  of 
the  brain.      The   latter   is   urayish  ami  softer.      It 
18  situate  particularly  at  the  surface  of  the  organ. 

The  brain  receives  several  arterial  vessels,  fur- 
nished by  the  internal  carotid  and  vertebral.  Its 
veins  end  in  the  sinuses.  It  is  the  material 
organ  of  the  mental  and  moral  manifestations. 
According  to  (Jail,  each  part  is  the  special  seat 
of  one  of  those  faculties,  and  the  brain  and  cere- 
bellum, inclusive,  are  called  by  him  'the  nervous 
system  of  the  mental  faculties.'     See  Craniology. 

The  substance  of  the  nervous  system  —  Nenrine 
— has  been  analyzed  by  Vauquelin,  and  found  to 
contain  water,  8(b00  ;  white  fatty  matter.  {■:>::  ; 
red  fatty  matter,  called  cerebrine,  0*70;  osma- 
zome,  1*12  j  albumen,  7*00  j  phosphorus,  1*50 : 
sulphur,  acid  phosphates  of  potas-a,  lime,  and 
magnesia,  5'  1  ■">. 

Cerebrum  Abdominals,  Solar  plexus — c.  Elon- 
gatum,  .Medulla  oblongata — c.  Parvum,  Cerebel- 
lum—e.  Posteriua,  Cerebellum. 

CEREC'TOMY,  Cerectom'ia,  Kerec'tomy,  from 
Kcpns,  'cornea,'  and  tKTOfw,  'excision.'  Excision 
of  a  layer  or  portion  of  the  cornea. 

CEREFOLIUM,  Scahdix  cerefolium— e.  Ili-- 
panicum,  Chseropbyllum  odoratum — c.  Sylvestre, 
Cbssropbyllum  syh  i 

CEREL-fiUM,  Cerate. 

CJtREOLB',   Cerate. 

OEREOLUS,  Bougie. 

CBRERISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CERERIUM,  Cerium. 

CEREUM  MEDICATUM,  Bougie. 

CEREUS,  Bougie. 

CEREVIS'IA,  quasi  C  eris'ia,  Cervis'ia,  ''■'- 
Ha,  Zythus,  Zythum,  Liquor  Cer'eris,  Qtvos  Kptdns, 
Yinnm  hordea'iienm,  Bira,  Bryton,  (Jpvrvv,  Barleu 
wine,   from   I  it  is   made. 

'■     Sc     B  i    '■  com,  //■  er, 

Portt  r,   |  F.)    Biire,  dfl  are 

drunk    by    the    inhabitants    of    many    countries 

habitually,  and  in  Great  Britain  and  German- 
more  than  in  others.  They  are  nourishing,  but 
not  ve;v  easy  of  digestion.     The  old  dis| 

a  tain  oumerons  medicated  ales,  which  are 
no  longer  in  use.     Some,  however,  are  --till  ad- 
mitted.     They   are   the    Brutolit   OB 
Chereau,  Brytolatures  of  Feral ; —  B tires  Midi- 
cinali  x. 

CBREVI8IA    Abietis,   Beer,  spruce  —  c.  Nigra, 
illtranck. 

CERFEUIL,  Seandix  cerefolium — c.  J/usqui, 


CERION 


190 


CERVUS 


Chaerophyllum    odoratum  —  c.  Sauvage,   Chaero- 
phyllum  sylvestre 

CERION,  see  Favosus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

CERISIER,   Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  ct   Grappes, 

Prunus padus — c.  de  Virginie,  Prunus  Virginiana. 

CE'RIUM,  Oere'rium.    A  metal  which  is  never 

found  isolated,  being  usually  combined  with  lan- 

thanium    or    lantanium    and    didymium.       The 

salts  of  cerium  are  supposed  to  be  sedative  and 

tonic.     They  have  been  used  in  dyspepsia  in  its 

various  forms  ;  the  vomiting  of  pregnancy,   &c. 

Dose  of  the  oxalate  or  nitrate,  one  or  two  grains. 

CERNIN,  SAINT,  WATERS  OF.     St.  C.  is  a 

parish  in  the  diocese   of  St.  Flour,  Upper  Au- 

vergne,  France.     The  water  is  a  chalybeate.     It 

is  called  Eau  du  Cambon. 

CERNOS,  Capistrum. 

CEROE'NE,  Oerou'ne,  or  Ciroue'ne,  Ceroe'num, 
from  KT/pog,  'wax,'  and  otvos,  'wine.'     A  plaster 
composed  of  yellow  wax,  mutton  suet,  pitch,  Bur- 
gundy pitch,  bole  Armeniac,   thus  and   wine.     It 
was  used  as  a  strengthening  plaster.    Sometimes 
it  contained  neither  wax  nor  wine. 
CEROLEUM,  Cerate. 
CEROMA.  Cerate.     See  Lardaceous. 
CEROMANTI'A,  from  KnpoS,  'wax/  and  uav- 
Ttia,  '  divination.'     The  art  of  foretelling  the  fu- 
ture, from  the  figures  which  melted  wax  assumes, 
when  suffered  to  drop  on  the  surface  of  water. 
CERONIUM,  Cerate. 

CEROPIS'SUS,  from  icrjpos,  'wax,'  and  irurcra, 
'  pitch.'  A  depilatory  plaster,  composed  of  pitch 
and  wax. 

CEROS,  Cera. 

CEROSTROSIS,  Hystriciasis. 
CEROTUM,  Cerate. 
CEROXYLON,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba. 
CERUA,  Ricinus  communis. 
CERU'MEN,  from  cera,  'wax.'     C.  Au'rium, 
Ce'rea,  Aurium  Sordes,  Sordic'ulae  au'rium,  Mar- 
mora'ta  Au'rium,  Cypsele,  Ceru'minous  Humour, 
Ear-wax,  Cyp'selis,  Fu'gile,  (F.)  Cire  des  Oreilles. 
A  name  given  to  the  unctuous  humour,  similar 
to  wax  in  its  physical  properties,  which  is  met 
with    in    the  meatus  auditorius    externus.     It    is 
secreted  by  glands,  situate  beneath  the  skin  lining 
the  meatus.     It  lubricates  the  meatus,  preserves 
the  suppleness  of  the  lining  membrane,  prevents 
the  introduction  of  bodies  floating  in  the  atmo- 
sphere, and   by  its  bitterness  and   unctuousness 
prevents  insects  from  penetrating. 

CERU'MINOUS,  Cerumino'sus,  (F.)  Cerumi- 
neux.     Relating  to  cerumen. 

Certtminous    Glands,    Ceru'minous   Follicles, 
(F.)  Glandes  ou  Foliicules  cerumineuses.     Glands 
or  follicles  which  secrete  the  cerumen. 
CERUSE,  Plnmbi  subcarbonas. 
CERUSSA  ACETATA,  Plumbi  superacetas  — 
c.  Alha  Hispanica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Alba 
Noriea,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Nigra,  Graphites 
— c.  Psymmithron,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Ser- 
pentaria?,  see  Arum  maculatum. 
CERUSSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.  A  term  used  by  Para- 
celsus for  the  urine,  when  of  a  colour  like  cerusse. 
CERVARIA  ALBA,  Laserpitium  latifolium. 
CERVEAU,  Cerebrum. 
CERVELET,  Cerebellum. 
CERVELLE.  Cerebrum. 

CERYI  BOLETUS,  Elaphomvces  Granulatus. 
CERVI  ELAPHI   CORNU,  Cornu  cervi,  see 
Cervus. 

CER'VICAL,  Cervica'lis,  Trache'lian,  (F.) 
Trachelien,  from  cervix,  cervicis,  the  neck,  '  the 
back  of  the  neck.'  Every  thing  which  concerns 
the  neck.  Cervi'cal,  in  antiquity,  meant  a  pillow 
or  bolster. 

Cervical  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number :  1. 


The  ascending,  anterior,  or  superficial,  a  branch 
of  the  inferior  thyroid,  distributed  to  the  scaleni 
muscles  and  integuments.  2.  The  transverse 
(Cervico-scapnlaire — Ch.,)  a  branch  of  the  axil- 
lary artery,  or  of  the  subclavian  :  distributed  to 
the  levator  scapulce,  trapezius,  &c.  3.  The  pos- 
terior or  profound,  A.  transversa' lie  colli,  Tra- 
chelo-cervicale — (Ch.)  a  branch  of  the  subclavian, 
distributed  to  the  deep-seated  muscles  on  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  parts  of  the  neck.  See,  also, 
Princeps  Cervicis  (arteria). 

Cervical  Gan'glioxs.  The  three  ganglions 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  The  cervical  glands 
or  lymphatic  glands  of  the  neck  are,  also,  so 
called.     See  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

Cervical  Lig'aments.  These  are  two  in 
number.  1.  The  anterior,  extending  from  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  first  cervical  vertebra.  2.  The 
posterior  or  supraspi'novs,  Ligamen'tum  Nu'chce, 
which  extends  from  the  outer  occipital  protube- 
rance to  the  spinous  process  of  the  seventh  cer- 
vical vertebra.  In  animals  with  large  heads  it  is 
very  strong. 

Cervical  Nerves  are  eight  in  number  on 
each  side,  and  form  the  eight  cervical  pairs,  which 
are  the  first  given  off  from  the  spinal  marrow. 

Cervical  Plexus,  Plexus  Trachelo-souscutane 
(Ch.)  The  nervous  net-work  formed  by  the  an- 
terior branches  of  the  first  three  cervical  nerves, 
above  the  posterior  scalenus  muscle,  and  at  the 
outer  side  of  the  pneumogastric  nerve,  carotid 
arterj',  and  jugular  vein. 

Cervical  Region,  Anterior  Deep,  Prever- 
tebral region.  The  region  of  the  neck,  occupied 
by  three  pairs  of  muscles  placed  immediately  in 
front  of  the  cervical  and  three  superior  dorsal 
vertebrae :— viz.  the  rectus  capitis  anticus  major, 
the  rectus  capitis  anticus  minor,  and  longus  colli  j 
— hence  termed  prevertebral  muscles. 

Cervical  Veins  have  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  arteries. 

Cervical  Ver'tebr^e.  The  first  seven  verte- 
bra? of  the  spine. 

CERVICALIS  DESCENDENS,  see  Hypo- 
glossus  and  Sacro-lumbalis. 

CERYICARIA,  Campanula  trachelium. 
CER V1CI-DORSO-SCAPULAIRE,    Rhom- 
boideus  —  c.   Dorso-costaf,   Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior—  c.  Dorso-masto'idien  et  dorso-trachelien, 
Splenius — c.  Jffasto'idien,  Splenius. 

CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cervi' co-facia' lis.  Be- 
longing to  the  neck  and  face. 

Cervico-FACIAL  Nerve,  Nervus  cervico-fneia- 
lis.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  neck  and  face. 

CERVISIA,  Cerevisia. 
CERVISPINA,  Rhamnus. 
CERYIX,  Collum.     The  neck,  especially  the 
back  part.     A  neck. 

Cervix  Obstipa,  Torticollis — c.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

CERYOTSE,  Cerevisia. 

CERVUS,  Cerva.  The  horn  of  the  Cervus  EV - 
aphus,  called  Cornu,  Cervi  El'aphi  Cornu,  Cornu 
Cervi'num,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf,  con- 
tains 27  parts  of  gelatin  in  the  100.  A  jelly  made 
from  the  shavings  is  emollient  and  nutritive. 

The  Stag's  Pizzle,  Pria'pus  Cervi,  was  once 
considered  to  be  aphrodisiac.  Dose,  ^j  to  £j,  in 
powder. 

Cervus  Alces.  The  Elk,  (F.)  Elan.  The 
hoof  of  this  animal  was  anciently  used  as  an  anti- 
epileptic.  The  animal,  it  was  asserted,  was  sub- 
ject to  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  always  cured  them 
by  putting  its  hoof  into  the  ear.  The  hoof  was 
also  worn  as  an  amulet. 

Cornu  Ustum,  Burnt  Hartshorn,  has  been  used 
as  an  antacid,  but  it  consists  of  57  parts  of  phos- 


C&SAR1ENNB  OPE  RATIO  X        191 


CH  AM/KLEA 


j)7infe,  and  only  one  of  carbonate  of  lime.     It  is. 
therefore,  not  of  maefa  use, 

VRIENNR     OPERATION,     Cesarean 

section. 

-  \Tro  MENSIUM,  Amenon 

CESTRI'TES.  A  wine  prepare!  from  betony, 
(Ktorpov,  *  betony.') 

TRON,  Betonica  officinalis. 
CETA'CEUM,    from   xrjrof,   ctttu,  'a   whale.' 

An, Km  •  -      -i' mi  n  c<  t"'- 

c'iiw.  Spermacet'i,  Parmacit'y,  Sperm,  |  1'.)  Blanc 
.!.  Baleine,  CStine,  Adipocire  il>  Baleine.  \n 
inodorous,  insipid,  white,  crystallised,  friable, 
unctuous  substance,  obtained  from  the  brain  of 
the  Phym  'ter  Macroctph' alu$  or  Sp<  rmact  ti  Whale, 
lehalot,  and  other  varieties  of  whale. 
•9433:  melts  at  112°.  It  is  demulcent  and 
emollient,  and  has  he. mi  given  in  congha  and 
dysentery,  bnl  in  mostly  use. I  in  ointments.  Dose. 
5*a  to  JJiss,  robbed  op  with  sugar  or 

CETERACH  0FFKMNA1UM,  Aapleoium 
eeterach. 

CSTINE,  Cetaceum. 

OETRARIA   [SLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETB  \UI\.  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CBTB  \  HI  I'M,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CBV  LDILLA,  see  Veratrum  sabadilla — c.  His- 
panorum.  Yeratrum  sabadilla. 

C&VADILLE,  Veratrum  sahadilla. 

CHAA,  Thea. 

CHACRILLE,  Oroton  easoarilla. 

CHADLOCK,  Sinapis  arrensis. 

CH.SREFOLTUM,  Scandix  eerefofram. 

CH^ROPHYL'LUM,  from  x«pa>,  ':  rejoice,' 
nnd  <pv\\ov,  '  a  leaf,'  owing  to  its  luxuriant  foliage. 
Scandix  cerefolium. 

Ch  brophtllum  Cbrbfoliuk,  Scandix  cerefo- 
lium— e.  Angulatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 

Ch  brophyi/lum  Odora'titm,  Scandix  sen 
Oicttta'ria  Odnra'ta,  Myrrhit  Odora'ta  sen  Major, 
t'lium  Hi  span1 iiitm,  Sweet  Cic"ely,  (F.) 
Cerfeuil  mtuquie  ou  (FEspngne  ;  Order,  Umbelli- 
fersa;  has  the  smell  of  aniseed,  and  is  cultivated 
on  account  of  its  aromatic  properties. 

Ch  i  BOPHYL'LUM  MONOQTKUH,  Ch.  sylvestre — 
c.  Sativum,  Scandix. 

Chjerophyi/lum  Stlves'trS,  Cieuta'ria,  Chte- 
rophyl'lum  tem'vlum  seu  monog'ynum  sen  angu- 

In'tniii   -<-\\    !•  rti.i  lln'tiiiii,  Anthrts'cvt  Iiii'iiiIHk  sell 

proc"eru»,  Cere/6' Hum  Sylvesttre\  Bastard  Hem- 
Wild  Chin-;/  „r  Cow-weed,  (F.)  Cerfeuil 
tauvage,  Persil  <l'Ane,  is  a  slightly  fetid  aromatic, 
but  is  not  used. 

ChjerOPHTLLFM  Temulttk,  Chnerophyllum  syl- 
vestre— c.  Verticillatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 

CIT.F.TE.  Capillua. 

CHAFING,  Erythe'ma   Tntertri'go,  Intertrigo, 

Paratrim'ma,  Paratrip'sis,  Diatrim'ma,  AttH'ta, 

Attrifio,    from     (FA    eschauffer,    r<h<mffer,    'to 

Fret,    Call   of  the   skin ;    Attri'tns,   {¥.) 

Echauffemens,  Bcorehuren.     The  red  excoriations 

which   occur   in    consequence   of    the  friction   of 

.  >r  between  the  folds  of  the  skin,  especially 

in  fat  or  neglected  children.     Washing  with  cold 

water  and  dusting  with  hair-powder  is  the  best 

preventive.     When  occurring  between  the  nates 

and    in    the   region    of  the    perineum,  from   long 

walking. —  Fntertri'ga  pod'ioie,  Proctalgia  inter- 

trigino'ta,  —  it    is    vulgarly   designated    by   the 

ion. 

CH  IFFBONE,  Jawbone. 

CHAIR,  Flesh. 

CHAIR,  OBSTETRIC,  Labour  chair. 

CH  USE  PERCEE,  Lasanum. 
Cll  ILASIS,  Relaxation. 
cil  iLASMUS,  Relaxation. 

CJIALAS'TICUS,  from  x*\au,  <I  relax.'     A 


medicine   proper   for   removing   rigidity   of  the 
fibres.v-Galen.     An  emollient  or  relaxant. 

CHAL'AZA,  Chala'tion,   Chalatium,  O 
.  Grando,    Tophus,  Hail, 
Gravelle,  from    ^<iAh£u,   'hail.'     A    bard,  round, 
transparent  tumour,  developed  in  different  parts 
of  the  body,  more  especially  in  the  Bubstai 
the  eyelids.  —  Also,  the  Cicatricula  of  tl 
Generally,  however,  in  the  language  of  ovo 
the  chalaea  or poles  are.  in   the  egg  of  the  bird, 
the  more  dense  internal  layer  of  the  albumen, 
which  adheres  to  the   yolk,  and    is    continued,  in 
the  form    of  two   spirally  twisted    bands,  towards 
the  extremities  of  the  egg.     The  twisting  is  con- 
sidered to  be  produced  by  the  revolving  motion 
of  the  egg  in  its  descent  through  the  oviduct. 

CH  w. a/  B,  see  Chahr/.a. 

CHALAZONEPHRITIS,  Kidney,  Blight's 
disease  of  the. 

CHALCANTHUM,  Atramentunij  Ferri  sulphas 
— e.  Album,  Zinci  sulpha-. 

CHALCEDONIUS,  Cornelian. 

cil  LLCITAS,  Bismuth. 

(II  VLCITES,  Colcothar. 

CHALCOIDEUM  (os),  Cuneiform  bone. 

(II  \l.cns.  Brass,  Cuprum,  JEreolum. 

(II  \lci "S.  ^Ereolum. 

CHALEUR,  Ibat— r.  .!,,v,  see  Acrid— c.  Ani- 
mate, Animal  lie.it.  see  Heat. 

CHALEURS  DES  ANIMAUX,  see  Heat— 
c.  (hi  F.oie,  Heat. 
CHALINI,  see  Lip. 
CIIAL'INOPLASTY.    ChaJinoplat'Hce  :    from 


XaAivos, 


a    bridle.'    and    TrXnacw, 


form.'     The  operation  for  forming  a  new  I'nenuni. 

CHALK,  Creta— e.  Red,  Rubrioa  febrUia— c. 
Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

CHALL.  Maxillary  bone. 

CHAL  )'/:/l  Chalybeate. 

CHALYB'EATE,  Chatybeu'tus,  Ferrugintew, 
Ferrugino'ent,  FerraUia,  Martia'lis,  Ferru'gi- 
noue,  Sfar'tial,  (F.)  Ferrngineux,  GhalybS,  froia 
chalybs,  'iron  or  steel.'  Of.  or  belonging  to  iron  ; 
containing  iron.  Any  medicine  into  which  iron 
enters,  as  chalybeate  mixture,  pills,  waters,  <fcc. 
See  Waters,  Mineral. 

(II  ILYBIS  RUBIGO,  Ferri  suhearhonas. 

CHALYBOKREN2B,  Water,  mineral,  (cha- 
lybeate.) 

CHALYBOPEG.E,  Water,  mineral,  (chaly- 
beate, i 

CHALYBS,  from  Chahjbes  ;  a  people  of  Pon- 
tus,  who  dug  iron  out  of  the  earth  ;  A' 
The   Proto-carburet  of   iron,    (F.)   Acier.     A-   a 
medicine,  steel  does  not  differ  from  iron. 

Chaltbs  Tautarizatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

(Ml  \M.\.  ('heme. 

CB  \M.E  \<"l'i:.  Sambueus  ebulus. 

(Ml  AM.Kli  VTOS,  Fragaria. 

(Ml  \  M.FCIMH!  IS.  Artemisia  santonica. 

(Ml  IMJSCISSUS,  Glechoms  hederacea, 

(II  \MM'.(MM:MA.  Glechoma  hederacea  —  c. 
Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

(MI  \M  lli'YIMKISSUS,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAM.EDROPS,  Teuerium  ehamaidrys. 

CH  X.MMMihYI'TKS.  A  wine,  in  which  the 
Tev'crium  Cham&drys  has  been  infused. 

CHAMJ3DRYS,  Rabus  ohamaeranrns,  Ten. 
orinm  Ch.,  Veronica  —  c  Incana  maritima,  Teu- 
erium marnm — o.  Marum,  Teuerium  marum— c. 
Minor  repeiis,  Teuerium  Ch. — e.  Paluatrif 
criuni  BCordium — c.  Soordium,  Teuerium  s<  ordiurn 
— c.  Vulgaris,  Teuerium  Ch. 

CH  \  M  M-<;  Y.\  RON,  Tuaailago. 

CHAM. Kb SAGNUS,  Myriea  gala. 

(MIA M SL  Ll'TES.  A  wine  Impregnated  with 
Chamelea,  Daphne  Alpi'na. 

CHA.MMMMiA,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 


CHAMELEON   ALBUM 


192 


CHARLOTTEVILLE 


CHAMELEON  ALBUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CHAM.ELEUCE,  Tussilago. 

CHAM.ELINUM,  Linum  catharticum. 

CHAM.ELIR'IUM  LU'TEUM,  x«/iai,  'on  the 
ground.'  and  bupov,  'a  lily,'  [?]  Vera' trim  /»'- 
team,  Helo'niaa  la'tea  seu  Dioi'ca,  DeviVs  Bit, 
Blazing  star,  V  n  horn  root  ;  indigenous;  Order, 
Melanthaceae;  flowering  in  June;  is  acrid.  An 
infusion  of  the  root  has  been  given  as  an  anthel- 
mintic; a  tincture,  as  a  tonic. 

CHAMJEMELUM,  Anthemis  nobilis  —  c.  Foe- 
tidum,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c.  Nobile,  Anthemis 
nobilis — c.  Odoratum,  Anthemis  nobilis — c.  Vul- 
gare,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CIIAMJEMORUS,  Teucrium  chaim-cpitys,  Ru- 
bus  chainaemorus — c.  Norwegica,  Rubus  chainae- 
inorus. 

CHAMiEPEUCE,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaea. 

CHAM/EPITUI'NUM  VINUM.     A  wine,  in  \ 
which   the  leaves  of  the  Ghamaz1 'pitys,  Teu'crium 
Chamas'pitys,  have  been  infused. 

CHAxM^E  PITYS,  Teucrium  chatnaepitys  —  c. 
AnthyUus,  Teucrium  iva  —  c.  Moschata,  Teu- 
crium iva. 

CHAM^EPLION,  Erysimum. 

CHAMJERAPH'ANUM,  from  xat*<"y  'on  the 
ground,'  and  piupavoq,  'the  radish.'  So  Paulus 
of  JSgina  calls  the  upper  part  of  the  root  of  the 
Avium.  3 

CHAMiE'ROPS  SEBRAT'ULA,  Saw  Pal- 
metto, from  x01!*111'  4(>n  ^ne  ground,'  and  puip,  'a 
shrub.'  A  farina  is  prepared  from  the  roots  of 
this  plant,  which  is  used  by  the  Indians,  in  Flo- 
rida, as  diet. 

CHAMBAR,  Magnesia. 

CHAMBER,  Cam'era,  (F.)  Chambre.  A  term 
used  in  speaking  of  the  eye,  in  which  there  are 
two  chambers,  Cam'erce  oc'uli: — an  anterior  and 
a  posterior ;  (F.)  Chambre  anterieure  et  posteri- 
cttre.  The  anterior  is  the  space  between  the 
cornea  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  iris:  —  the 
posterior,  the  space  between  the  iris  and  anterior 
surface  of  the  crystalline.  They  are  filled  with 
the  aqueous  humour,  and  communicate  by  the 
opening  in  the  pupil. 

C II A  M  '  B  E  B  L  AIN'S  R  E  S  T  0  R'A  T  I V  E 
PILLS.  This  nostrum,  recommended  in  scro- 
fula, and  all  impurities  of  the  blood,  has  been 
analyzed  by  Dr.  Paris,  and  found  to  consist  of 
cinnabar,  sulphur,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little 
vegetable  matter.     Each  pill  weighs  3  grains. 

CHAMBRE,  Chamber. 

CHAMBRIE,  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHAMELEA,  Daphne  Alpina. 

CHAMOMILE,  DOGS',  Matricaria  chamomilla 

—  c.  Dyers',  Anthemis  tinctoria — c.  German, 
Matricaria  chamomilla  —  c.  Spanish,  Anthemis 
pyrethrutn  —  c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c. 
Wild,  Anthemis  cotula,  Matricaria  glabrata. 

CHAMOMILLA   FCETIDA,  Anthemis   cotula 

—  c.  Nostras,  Matricaria  chamomilla — c.  Bo- 
mana,  Anthemis  nobilis  —  c.  Spuria,  Anthemis 
cotula. 

CHAMPA CA,  Michelia  champaca. 
CHAMPIGNON,    Fungus  —  c.   de   I'Appareil 
des  Fractures,  Clavaria — c.  de  Couche,  see  Agaric 

—  c.  du  Ferment,  Torula  cerevisiaa —  c.  de  Malte, 
Cynomorion  coccineum  —  c.  du  Muguet,  Aphtha- 
phyte. 

CHAMPOOTNG,  Shampooing. 

CHANOEBONE,  Ischion. 

CHANCELAGUA,  Canchalagua. 

CHANCRE  (F.),  Shanker,  Ulcus  seu  TJlcus'cu- 
lum  cancro'sum.  A  sore,  which  arises  from  the 
direct  application  of  the  venereal  virus;  hence  it 
is  almost  always  seated,  in  men,  on  the  penis. 
The  French  use  the  word  Chancre,  in  popular 
language,  for  cancerous  ulcers,  the  malignant 
aphthae  of  children,   <fcc.     Formerly,  the  terms 


Car'oli  and  Ca'ries  pudendo'rum  were  used  for 
venereal  pustules  or  sores  on  the  parts  of  gene- 
ration. 

CHANCRE  LARVE.  A  concealed  chancre, 
such  as  has  been  supposed  by  M.  Bicord  to  give 
occasion  to  gonorrhoea  virulenta. 

CtlANCREl'X,  Chancreuse  (F.),  Cancro'sus, 
Carciuo'des.  Having  the  nature  of  chancre,  or 
of  cancer. 

Bouton  Chancreux.  A  small  tumour  of  a  can- 
cerous nature,  which  makes  its  appearance  on 
the  face — most  frequently  on  the  upper  lip — Noli 
me  taugere  [?]. 

CIIANDoO.  An  aqueous  extract  of  opium 
used  by  the  Chinese  for  smoking. 

CHANGE  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

CHANNELBONE,  Clavicle. 

CHANT  DES  ARTE  RES,  Sifflement  module. 

CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa  —  c.  Bdtard, 
Galeopsis  grandiflora — c.  Indien,  Bangue. 

CHAOMANTPA.  The  alchymists  meant,  by 
this  word,  the  art  of  predicting  the  future  from 
observation  of  the  air.  The  word  Chaos  was 
used  by  Paracelsus  for  the  air;  {fiavrua,  'divi- 
nation.') 

CHAOSDA,  Plague. 

CHAPERON  DE  MO/NE,  Aconitum  napel- 
lus. 

CHA PETONNA DE,  Chappetonnade. 

VHAPITEAU,  Alembic. 

CHAP PE DONA  DE,  Chappetonade. 

CHAPPETOSADE,  Chappedonade,  Chape- 
tonnade  (F.),  Vom'itus  rabio'sus.  Vomiting,  ac- 
companied by  furious  delirium,  attacking  stran- 
gers in  hot  countries. 

CHAPS,  Bhagades. 

CHAB'ACTEB,  x.aPaKTr>9>  <a  mark  or  impres- 
sion.' (F.)  Caractere.  In  Pathology  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  stamp  or  appearance.  We 
say,  "A  disease  is  of  an  unfavourable  character," 
"  The  prevailing  epidemic  has  a  bilious  charac- 
ter," &c.  In  Mental  Philosophy  it  means  —  that 
which  distinguishes  one  individual  from  another, 
as  regards  his  understanding  and  passions.  See 
Symbol. 

CHABA'DBIUS.  .Elian  thus  calls  a  bird, 
which  was  reputed  to  cure  jaundice.  The  word 
now  means  the  plover. 

CHABANTIA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CHAR  BON,  Anthrax  carbo,  Carbo  ligni  —  c. 
Animal,  Carbo  auimalis  —  c.  Mineral,  Graphites 
—  c.  Pulmonaire,  Anthracosis. 

CHARBONNEUX,  Anthracoid. 

CHABCOAL,  Carbo  —  c.  Animal,  Carbo  ani- 
malis. 

CHARDON  AUX  ANES,  Onopordium  acan- 
thium — c.  Benit,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  d  Bon- 
netier,  Dipsacus  fullonum  —  c.  Etoile,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa  —  c.  d  Foulon,  Dipsacus  fullonum  —  c. 
Hemorrhoidal,  Cirsium  arvense  —  c.  Marie,  Car- 
duus  Marianus — c.  Roland,  Ervngium  campestre. 

CHAB'LATAN,  from  It«l,  eiarlare,  'to  talk 
much  ;'  Circula'tor,  Gircninfora'neus,  Periodeu'tes, 
Pseudomed'icus,  Agyr'ta,  Anacyc'leon,  a  Quack, 
Quacksalver,  Empirical  Pretender,  Emp'iric. 
Originally,  one  who  went  from  place  to  place  to 
sell  a  medicine,  to  which  he  attributed  marvellous 
properties.  By  extension  —  any  individual,  who 
endeavours  to  deceive  the  public  by  passing  him- 
self off  as  more  skilful  than  he  really  is.  Ac- 
cording to  Menage,  the  word  comes  from  circu- 
latauuH,  a  corruption  of  circulator. 

CHAB'LATANBY,  Agyr'tia,  Banau'sia,  the 
conduct  or  action  of  a  charlatan.  (F.)  Charla- 
tanerie,  Charlatanisme,  Quackery,  Empiricism. 

CHABLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CHABLOTTEVILLE  SULPHUR  SPRING, 
see  Canada,  Mineral  Waters  of. 


CHARM 


1  93 


C  II  A  U  L  E 


CN\RM,     Lat.     Citrmrn,     't    verse,'    because 
charms  oftea  coasitted  of  rones,  wbene 
the  Italian,  Ciarma,  (P.)  Charm*,  with  the  same 
signification \  Oanta'tio,  fncantamen'tnm.    A  trick, 

.  an  enchantment.     A  sort  of  n 
superstitious  practice,  consisting  of  words,  charac- 
ters, Ac,  by  which,   it  was  believed,   individuals 
might   be   struck    with   sickness    or  death,  or  be 
restored  to  health. 

The  following  are  specimens  of  old  charms — 
verse  charm* : 

For  ttanehing  Blood,  (Pepys.) 

Sanguis  inane  in  te 

I  hrtatufl  fait  in  se  : 
Sanguis  inane  In  tu 

■  Christua  in  Mia  poena; 
guis  mane  fixus, 
^icut  Christua  auando  fait  crucifixus. 

For  Cramp,  (Pepys.) 
Cramp  1«>  tlinu  faiiitless, 

A-  i  ur  lad j  was  idnless, 
When  she  bare  Jesas. 

For  the  Foot  ichcn  asleep,  (Coleridge.) 
Foot:  (botl  fnot:  I*  last  asleep  I 
Thumb!  thumbl  thumb]  in  spittle  we  steep; 
Crosses  three  we  make  to  ease  u-;. 

r  the  thieves,  and  one  tta  Christ  Jesus. 

The  same  charm  served  for  cramp  in  the  leg, 
with  this  substitution  : 

The  devil  is  tying  a  knot  in  mv  loir! 
Mark.  Luke,  and  John,  unloose  it,  I  beg!— 

m  three,  ic. 

For  a  Burn,  (Pepys.) 
There  came  three  angels  out  of  the  Bast; 
The  one  brought  fire,  the  other  brought  frost. 
Out  fire:  in  frost. 

In  the  name  of  the  Father  and  Son  and  Holy  Ghost. 

Amen. 

CWARNIERE,  Ginglymue, 

CJ/A  I! .X l~,  Carneous, 

OHARPENTE  OSSEUSE,  Skeleton. 

CUM! I'll-:,  Lintenm  —  c.  Brute,  see  Linteum 
— ft  /  tenm. 

CHARTA  ANTIARTHRITICA,  Gout  paper 
— c  Antirheumatica,  Gout  paper — c.  Vesicatoria 
see    Bparadrapum    Vesicatorium  —  c.    Virginea! 

<//  IRTRE,  Tabes  mesenterioa, 

111  t'men.     The  eye  nf «  nee. 

'lis  opening  is  near  the  point 
of  the  instrument,  as  in  the  ligature  needle. 
CHASCHISCfi,  see  Bangue. 
'II  LSU  B,  Yawning. 
CHASPE,  Variola. 

'"  \fanu'brfum.  A  kind  of  handle 
two  movable  lam  in  83  of  horn,  shell 
or  ivory,  united  only  at  the  extremity,  which 
n"'  "  " ■-  bla  le  of  the  instrument,— as  in  the 
common  bleeding  lancet  Also,s  froweiir  or  alco- 
holic liquor,  taker,  after  a  meal;  benoe  eh - 

•  "'.  4c, from  (F.)eaosser,  'to  drive,' 
umed  to  aid  digestion. 

I '.  Lippa,  Glama,   < 

>im  pafpebra'li  ;  the  gum 

°ft™  ■  Qound  »r  Oownde,  from  chcu- 

1  dr>ve  out'    A  hnmonr,  se- 

I    mainly    by    the    follicles    of    Meibomius 

w,"r  '  •  together. 

°EA  KIEUX      I.  .     lippu*}     covered    with 

Patipiires  chaeeieuaea. 
CHAS1  ;:  TREE,  Vitex. 

CHA  TAIONE,  see  Fagus  cutanea— «.  tTEau, 
Xrapa  d 

CBATAIGNIER  COMMUVVngaa* 

""*  ->  "  ■■  '  '-"'-  castanea  pumila. 


CHATEAU -LANDON,  WATERS  of.  a 
town   three  leagues  from   Nemours,  in    I 

The  waters  contain  alum  and  iron. 

CHATE  \i  8  LLINS,  \\  \  i  ERS  OF;  a  town 
in  the  department  of  La-Meurthe,  France.     X|  ,. 

•   contain   carbonate  of  lime,  snip] 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  chlorides  of  magnesium 
and  sodium. 

CHATELDOK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chateldon  is  in  the  department  of  Puy-de- 

France.      The  waters   contain   carbonic   acid   and' 

iron. 

CHATEL-GUYON,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OP.  A  village  in  France,  in  the  department 
Puy-de-Ddme,  near  which  there  are  five  thermal 

acidulous  springs.  Temperature,  SO0  Fahrenheit 
'  HA  TON  (P.).  'a  busk.*  In  pathology,  it 
means  tkfunda  or  cavity  formed  by  the  irregular 
or  hour-glaaa  contraction  of  the  uterus,  in  which 
the  placenta  is  often  retained  or  enchatonnt  after 
the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is  detected  by  passing 
the  fingers  along  the  cord  as  far  as  the  part  which 
is  Contracted,  when  the  placenta  will  not  be  dis- 
coverable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  relaxing  by  a  large 
dose  of  an  opiate,  then  passing  the  fingers  along 
the  cord,  and  gradually  dilating  the  opening 
through  which  it  passes,  until  it  permits  the  hand 
to  go  through.  The  placenta  must  then  be 
grasped  and  gently  withdrawn. 
CHATOX,  Vaginal  process. 
CJ/ATOXXF,  Fncarcera'tua,  from  chaton.  An 
epithet  in  French  for  anything  shut  up  in  a  sac, 
or  imprisoned  in  any  manner — as 

CHATONNE',  CALCUL  (P.),  Oal'culua  incur- 
ecra'tus,  Encya'ted  Cnl'culva,  Calcul  enkyaU.  \ 
urinary  calculus,  adherent  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  bladder,  so  that  it  is  immovable,  and  can- 
not pass  to  the  different  parts  of  that  organ. 
This  happens  when  calculi  form  in  some  natural 
or  accidental  cavity  of  the  bladder ;  or  when  the 
organ,  by  ulceration,  gives  rise  to  fungi,  which 
surround  the  calculus;  or  when  it  is  lodged  in 
the  orifice  of  the  ureter  or  urethra. 

CHATON^,  PLACENTA  (P.).  The  pla- 
centa when  retained  as  above  described.  See 
Chaton. 

CHATONNEMENT  (F.),  Enchatonnement, 
Tncareera  tio,  Chatonnement  dn  placenta,  Enkya- 
tement.— Hour-glass  contraction  of  the  uterus. 

■•ton. 

CBATOUILLEMENT  ($.).  This  word  some- 
times means  the  action  of  tickling  or  titillation 
( Titilla'tio,)  and,  at  others,  the  Bensation  which 
gives  rise  to  the  action  [Pruri'tu*,)  Itohing. 

'7/.  1/7.'//.  Castratus. 

CHATRURE,  Castration. 

CHAUDEAU,  ('audle. 

CHAUDEBOURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  three  quarters  of  a  league  from  Thionville] 

in    France.      The    waters    contain    iron,   sulphate 
of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of 

lime. 

CHAUDEPISSE,QtorxoTT\uBn\mp*T*- c. 
■'■'■    Gonorrhoea    oordata  — e.    Tombie   dana  L-9 
Bonraea,  Hernia  bumoralis. 

CHAUDES-AIG1  ES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  small  town  in  the  department  of  Cantal, 
France,  where' there  is  a  number  of  saline  BpringS 

containing  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  ofaoda    and 

chloride  of  sodium.      Temp.  180°  Fahrenheit 

CHAUDIERE,  see  Alembic 

CHAUFFOIR   -F.).   linteum  Cnlefacto'rium. 
According  to  the  Aeadimie,  a  warmed  cloth, 
either  for  the  purpose  of  wanning  a  patient,  or 
to  apply  to  a  female  recently  delivered. 

CHAULB,  Maxillary  bone. 


CIIAULMOOGRA 


194 


CHELONOPHAGI 


CHAULMOOGRA.  The  fruit  of  the  Chaul- 
moo'jra,  G>/nocar'dia  odora'ta.  Order,  Cappa- 
rideae,  of  India.  A  bland  fixed  oil  is  obtained  by 
expressing  the  dried  seed,  which  is  used  by  the 
natives  in  leprosy.  The  seed  are  given  inter- 
nally, in  the  dose  of  about  £ss  in  the  day,  and 
the  eruption  is  rubbed  with  the  oil. 

CHAUSSE  (F.)i  Ghana*  tTHippocrate,  Manche 
tTHippocrnte,  Man'ica  Hippoc'  ratis,  Man'ica, 
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A  conical  bag,  made  of 
flannel,  for  straining  liquids. 

CHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa, 
CHAUVETE,  Cal vuies. 

CHAUX,  Calx— e.  Biehlorure  de,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum — c.  Chlurure  de,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Hy- 
drochlorate  de,  Calcis  murias  —  c.  Hydrosul/ate 
de.  Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Muriate  de.  Calcis 
murias — e.  Muriate  oxigene  de.  Calcis  chloridum 
—  c.  Muriate  suroxigene  de,  Calois  chloridum  — 
e.  Oxichbn-ure  de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Oximu- 
riate  de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Phosphate  de,  see 
Cornu  cervi — c.  Vive,  Calx  viva. 
CHAYEL.  Maxillary  bone. 
CHAVICA  BETLE,  Betel— c.  Roxburghii, 
Piper  lonirum. 

CHAWBOXE.  Maxillary  bone. 
CHAWD   PYS.  Gonorrhoea  impura. 
CHAWING,  Mastication. 
CHECKER-BERRY.  Ar  utus  uva  ursi. 
CHEEK.  Gena— c.  Teeth,  Molar  teeth 
CHEESE.  Sax.  cere.  (L.)  Ca'seus,  Tyros,  Pecte, 
(Sc.)  Furmage,  (F.)  Fromage.     An   aliment,  pre- 
pared from  the  caseous  and  oleaginous  parts  of 
milk.     Fresh    cheeses    owe    their    chief   medical 
properties  to  the  immediate  principle,  essentially 
cheesy,  to  which  the  name  ca'seum  or  ca'sein  has 
been  applied.     Those,  which  have  been  recently 
salted,    are   digested   with    comparative    facility. 
The  flavour  of  cheese  is  owing  to  an  ammoniacal 
easeate.     On  the  whole,  cheese  itself  is  not  easy 
of  digestion,  although  it  may  stimulate  the  sto- 
mach  to  greater  exertion,  and  thus   aid  in  the 
digestion  of  other  substances. 

CHEESE  REXXET.  Galium  verum. 
CHEE'SY.  Gaeea'riue,  Caseo'sus,  Tyro'des,  (F.) 
Oaeeux  on  Caeeeux.   Having  the  nature  of  cheese, 
CHEF.  Ban cla ere  (tail). 
CHEGOE,   Ckique. 
CHEQUE,  diique. 

CHEILI'TIS.  Chili'tis,  from  *;£<Ao?,  <a  lip.' 
Inflammation  of  the  lip.     See  Chilon. 

CHEILOC'ACE.  from  \-aXoc.  'a  lip,'  and  taws, 
'evil.'  Labrisnl'cium.  A  disease,  characterized, 
it  is  said,  by  swelling,  induration,  and  slight  red- 
ness of  the  lips  without  inflammation  :  reputed. 
but  without  any  authority,  to  be  common  in 
England  and  Scotland,  amongst  children.  Also. 
the  thickness  of  the  upper  lip  of  scrofulous  chil- 
dren.    See  Stomacace.  and  Cancer  aquations. 

CHEILOCARCIXO'MA.  from  XnAo>.  'a  lip/ 
and  K'lpKivuua,  'a  cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOMALACLA,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CHEILOX.  Chilon. 

CHEILOX'CUS.    Cheilaphy'ma,    from    xftXo^ 
*  lip.'  and  oyKOi.  '  swelling.'    A  swelling  of  the  lip. 
CHEILOPHYMA,  Cbeiloneus. 
CHEILOPLAS'TICE,    Chiloplas'tice,    Chei'lo- 
pJa-ti/,   from  ;^£(Ao.-.  'lip,'  and   -\aariKog,   'form- 
in.'.'     The  operation  for  an  artificial  lip. 
CHEILOS,  Lip. 
CHE r MA.  Cold. 
CHELMETLOX.  Chilblain. 
CHBIMIA,  Rigor. 
CUEIR.  Mamis.  see  Chir. 
CHEIRAX'THCS    CHEIRI,  from  X"(>>  'the 
hand,'  and  aj.0o$,  'flower/  a  flower  for  the  hand. 


The  systematic  name  of  the  Common  Yellow  W 
Fl<j\cer,    Yi'ola   lu'tea,   Leuco'itim   lu'teutn,  Keyri, 
Gheiri,  (F.)    Geroflee,    Giroflee  ou   Violiet  jaune. 
Ord.  Crueiferae.    The  flowers  have  been  esteemed 
nervine,  narcotic,  and  deobstruent. 

CHEIRAP'SIA.  The  action  of  rubbing  or 
scratching,  from  XnP>  'the  hand,'  and  a-ru,  •  I 
touch.'     A  troublesome  symptom  in  the  itch. 

CHEIRARTHROC'ACE,  from  Xe«P,' the  hand/ 
apOpov,  'a  joint/  and  taxia,  a  '  disease.'     Inflam- 
mation of  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  wrist. 
CHEIRTATER.  Surgeon. 

CHEIRIS'MA,  Cheiris'mus.    The  act  of  touch- 
ing: — handling.     Any  manual  operation. 
CHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  xct°°- 
vo/ieu).  'I  exercise  with  the  hands.'  An  exercise, 
referred  to  by  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in 
using  the  hands,  as  in  our  exercise  of  the  dumb- 
bells. 

CHEIROPLETHES,  Fasciculus. 
CHEIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHELA,  Chele.     This  word  has  several  signi- 
fications.    Chela,  a  forked  probe  used  for  extract- 
ing polypi  from  the  nose.      Chela  —  chaps,   or 
cracks    on    the    feet,  organs  of  generation.   4c 
Chelae  likewise  means  claws,  especially  those  of 
the  crab.     See  Cancrorum  Chelae. 
Chel.e  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 
CHELAPA.  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
CHELE,  Chela. 

CHEL  ID  OIXE  GRA  ND  E.  Ch  elidonitrm  ma  - 
jus — o.  Petite,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELLDOX.  x'^l^v>  the  hollow  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm  :   Hirundo. 

CHELLDOXIA  ROTUXDIFOLIA  MIXOR, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDOXIUM.  Bryonia  alba— c.Diphyllum, 
Stylophorum    diphyllum — c.    Ha?matodc- 
ni  a  jus. 

Cheltdo'xicm    Majfs,    Ch.   hasmato'des,    from 
\t\Le^v.  '  a  swallow,'  because  its  flowering  coin- 
cides with  the  appearance  of  the  swallow.     Pa- 
pa' rer   Cor»icula'tum   seu   lu'teinn,    Common  Cel'- 
andine,      Tettericort,     (F.)      Chelidoine     grande, 
L Eclairs,    Herbe  d  1'hirondelle.      Ord.  Papave- 
raceae.     Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.     The 
root  and  recent  plant  have  been  considered  ape- 
rient  and  diuretic.      Externally,   the  juice   has 
been  employed  in  some  cutaneous  diseases. 
Chelidoxtem  Mixes,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 
CHELIDO'XIUS  LAPIS.     A  name  given  to 
stones,  which,  it  was  pretended,  existed  in  the 
stomach  of  young  swallows.    They  were  formerly 
believed  capable  of  curing  epilepsy. 
CHELOID,  Cancroid. 
CHELOIS.  see  Cancroid. 

CHELO'XE.  ^Xwj^.  '  a  tortoise.'  An  instru- 
ment for  extending  a  limb  :  so  called,  because  in 
its  slow  motions  it  resembled  a  tortoise. — Oriba- 
sius.     See  Testudo. 

Chelo'xe  Glabra,  Common  Snal-e  head,  Tur- 
tle head.  Turtle  bloom,  SkeUflower,  Balmony.  An 
indigenous  plant.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Angio- 
spermia:  blossoming  from  July  to  Xovember. 
The  leaves  are  bitter  and  tonic  :  without  any  aro- 
matic smell,  and  with  verv  little  astrineencv. 

CHELO'XIA  MY  DAS.  The  Green  Turtle. 
This  species  of  turtle  abounds  on  the  coast  of 
Florida.     It  is  the  one  so  prized  by  the  epicure. 

CHELO'XIOX,  Chelo'nium,  from  xj.Wt?.  'a 
tortoise,'  from  its  resembling  in  shape  the  shell 
of  that  animal.  The  upper,  gibbous  part  of  the 
back. — Gorra?us.     The  scapula. 

CHELOXOPH'AGI,  from  ^Xw.77,  'the  tor- 
toise, and  cjayu,  'I  eat.'  An  ancient  name  for 
certain  tribes,  who  dwelt  on  the  coast  of  the  Red 


CHELSEA   PENSIONER 


196 


CHEST-MEASUKKll 


Sea.  and  who  lived  only  on  tortoises.  —  Pliny, 
Diodorus  of  Sicily. 

CHEL'SRA  PEN'SIOXER.  An  empirical  re- 
medy for  rheumatism  ; i •. i < I  goat,  sold  under  this 
name.     [Gum  gnat        3  rA«6«re,  IJU  j 

cnnni  of  tartar,  ~.  /  sulphur,  5.1  i   "■'' 

nutmeg,  finelj  I;  made  into  an  electuary 

with  a  pound  of  clarified  honey).  Dose,  two 
sj ufuls. 

CHELTENHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
'  :  t •  > w 1 1  in  Gloucestershire,   England,  nine 

miles  from  G  and  94   W.  of  London, 

iter  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  natural 
purgatives  in  England.  It  is  a  saline,  acidulous 
chalybeate,  and  i<  much  frequented.  Its  main 
Constituents  are  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonic  acid  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

Cheltenham    Salts.     These   are   sometimes 

made   from    the    waters:    at    others,    factitiously. 

1  formula  :  Sodii  chlorid.,  maj- 

net.  eulphat.,  toda  tulph.,  iia  tt>j  :   dissolve,  filter, 

evaporate  to  dryness;  then  add  Ferri enlpk,,  Sjss. 

■.    Artificial,    may    be 

nith'    of   /-';  -    ■   -\ij  :    iron    filings,  gr.  j  J 

!|  Her,  4  gallons ;   impreg- 

nated with  tfa  gas  from  marble  powder  and  «<«'- 
pkuric  acid,  aa  5  J. 

CHELYS,  Thorax. 

CHELYS'CIOtf,  from  gcA«ft  <the  chest.'  A 
short,  dry  cough. — Galen,  Hippoorates,  Foesius. 

CHBMfi,  I  ramie.     An  ancient  mea- 

sure equivalent  to  about  two  teaspoonfuls. 

CHEMEUTICE,  Chymistry. 

CHEMIA,  Chymistry. 

CUEMIATER,  Chymiater.  * 

CHEMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY,  see  Chymico-his- 
tology. 

CHEMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHEMISMUS,  Chymism. 

CHEMIST,  Chymist 

CHEMISTRY,  Chymistry. 

CHEMO'SIS,  Chymo'sis,  from  xifli>  '-'in  aper- 
ture,'or  rather,  perhaps  from  xvf'}>'  *;IU  humour.' 
A  name  given  to  ophthalmia,  when  the  conjunc- 
tiva. BUITOUnding  the  cornea,  forms  a  high  ring, 
making  the  cornea  seem,  as  it  were,  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  well.  By  some,  it  is  used  Bynonymously 
with  ophthalmia  membranarum.  See  Ophthal- 
mia. 

CHEMOTICE,  Chvmistry. 

CHEMOTICITS,  Chymical. 

CHEN  AY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Che- 
nay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Rheims. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

CHENE,  Quercus  alba — r.  Marin,  Fueus  vesi- 
culosa Teucrium  chaunedrys — c.  Vert, 
Ilex  aquifonum. 

CHENETTE,  Teucrium  chamrcdrys. 

CHENEVIS,  -ee  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHENOBOSCON,  PotentiUa  anserina 

CHENOC'OPRUS,  from  ^v»,  'a  goose,'  and 
•  dung.'  The  dmng  0/  the  goa *>■.  is  so  de- 
signated in  Borne  "id  Pharmacopoeias.  It  was 
formerly  employed  as  a  febrifuge  and  diuretic. 

CHENOPODE,  Ch.-nopodium. 

CHENOPODIUM  AMEROSIACDM,  Oh.  am- 

opo'dium  AmbrosioI'des,  Oh.  ittffructieo'- 

»»/;i  sen  ambroriacum  seu   Mexiea'num,  from  vrjv, 

i    -     ..    woiee,   'a    f>ot;'    At'riplex 

Ambri'na    ambrosioVdes,    Botrye,    II. 

"i.    1  mbrosioidi  *   .'/<  rt- 

eo  or  Spanien   T>a, 

<in   M>  cique,  Ambroeietm  Am- 

Or  1.  ChenopodiaoesB.    The 

infusion  was  once  drunk   as   tea.     It   has   been 


given  in  paralytic  cases  ;  and  in  the  United  State3 
i.-.  said  to  be  used  as  an  anthelmintic  indiscrimi- 
nately w  ith  Ch.  anthelmintioum. 

CheVOPO'DIUM  AbtHELMIH'tiCUM,  Ch 
dium,  Botrys  sea  Ambri'na  unthelmin'tica,  Worm- 
ttn  I.  Wormgooeefoot,  Wvrmeeed  / foot,  Jem- 
Oak  of  America,  Gfooeej  ,&  ■  •  /,  (F.) 
Aneirine  anthelmintique,  A.  This 
plant  grows  plentifully  in  the  United  E 
The  fruit — Chenopodium,  (Fit.  U.  S.J  —  is  much 
used    in    cases   of   worms.        Do««   •■!    the    ; 

teaspoonful  to  a  tablespoonful  or  more. 
The  oil.  O'letim  Chenopo'dii,  (Ph.  V.  S.),  from 
B  t"  h'  drops,  is  more  frequently  exhibited.  It 
IS  a-  much  used  in  America  as  the  Semen  San- 
to,1' in'  is  in  England. 

ChSMOPO'DU  H  BONUS  HBNRI'CUS,  Chri/solach'- 
aintm,  Mercnria'lie,  Bontu  Henri'cne,  Tota  buna, 
Lap*  at  hum  unctuo'eum,  Chenopo'dinm,  Ch.  injit- 
ta'tum,  Pee  aneerfnne,  English  Mercury;  Allgood, 

Aitfjular-leaval  gooeefoot,  M<  rettry  gooeefoot,  Good 
King  Henry,  (F.)  Anserine  Bon  Henri,  Epinard 
>>aiira<j>\  The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  have 
been  applied  to  ulcers.  Ac  It  has  also  been  con- 
sidered refrigerant  and  eceoprotic. 

Chemopo'dium  Botrts,  Ambri'na  Botrye,  /,'<<- 
trys,  B.  vulga-'rie,  Ambro'eia,  Artemis' ia  Cheno- 
po'dium,  At'riplex  odora'ta  sen  tuan't 
Jerusalem  Oak,  ^Eng.),  (F.)  Anserine  Botrys,  pos- 
anthelmintic  properties,  and  was  once 
given  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  palsy,  <fcc.  It  is 
useless. 

Chrnopo'diuh  Fu^TincM,  Chenopodium  vulva- 
ria — c.  Oliduni,  Ch.  vulvaria. 

Ciii:\opo'i)1im  QuiNOA,  Quinua.  A  nutritious, 
wholesome,  and  agreeable  article  of  food  with  the 
Peruvians.  The  leaves,  before  the  plant  attains 
maturity,  are  eaten  as  spinach:  but,  the  seeds  are 
most  generally  used  as  food,  boiled  in  milk  or 
broth,  and  sometimes  cooked  with  cheese  and 
Spanish  pepper. 

Chenopodium  Sagittatim,  Ch.  Boons  Ilenri- 
cus — c.  Suffructicosum,  Ch.  ambrosioides. 

Chenopodium  Vulva'ru  seu  fos'tidnm  seu 
ol'idum,  At'riplex  fce'tida  seu  ol'ida,  Vulva' ria, 
Garoe'mum,  Raphex,  Stinking  Oracke  or  I 
f<»>t,  (F.)  Vulvaire,  An-oehe  puant,  Aneirine  {•'■- 
tide.  The  fetid  smell  has  occasioned  it  to  bo 
used  as  an  antispasmodic  and  nervine. 

CHEOPINA,  Cheopine. 

CHEQUERBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

Clli: RAM  IS.  Cheme. 

CHERBACHEM,  Veratrum  album. 

CHERBAS,  Lettuce. 

CHERMES,  Kermes  —  c.  Mineral,  Antimonii 
sulphurctum  pru.-cipitatum,  and  A.  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

CHERNIBIUM,  Urinal. 

CHERRY,  BIRD,  Prunus  padus  —  c.  Choke, 
Prunus  Virginiana — c.  Ground,  Physalis  viscosa. 

Cherbt  Tree,  Red,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Tree, 
black,  Prunus  avium— 0.  Tree,  wild,  Prunus  \'ir- 
giniana — c.  Water,  Kirschwasser. 

Cherry,  Wiu>  Cluster,  Prunus  padus  —  c. 
Winter,  Physalis. 

CHERS.fi,  Faeces. 

CHER  17.  Si  11  in  sisarum. 

CHERVIL,  Seandixcerefolium— c.  Wild,  Chte- 
rophyllnm  Bylrestre. 

(  II  KS  IS,  from  ^^11-,  'to  go  to  stool.'  A  more 
frequent  desire  to  evacuate  the  bo? 

CHEST,  Thorax  —  c.  Explorator,  see  Explo- 
ratur,  chest 

CHEST-MEASURER,  SIBSON'S.  An  in- 
Btrument,  described  by  l>r.  Sibson,  which  is  as  id 
for  determining  the  mobility  of  the  ofaest.  It  i.-  a 
species  of  spring,  which,  when  applied  t"  the 
parietM  of  the  ehest,  measures  the  modifications 
of  its  diameters,  and  indicates,  by  the  motion  of 


CHEST,    NARROW. 


196 


CHIXCIIUXCHULLI 


the  index  hand  on  a  dial,  any  movement  of  re- 
spiration, to  the  hundredth  of  an  inch. 

CHEST,  NARROW,  see  Lordosis. 

CHESTNUT  TREE.  Pagua  eastanea. 

OHEVAUGHEMENT  (F.),  Oa'sinm  anperpo- 
sit"iu  sou  equita'tio,  Parallax' it,  Parallag'tna. 
From  chccaucher,  (cheral,  'a  horse'),  'to  ride  on 
horseback.'  The  riding  of  one  bone  over  another 
after  fracture,  giving  rise  to  shortening  of  the 
limb.     See  Riding  of  Bones. 

CHEYELURE,  Scalp. 

CHEYESTRE,  Cftevitre,  Capis'trum,  (from 
caput.  •  the  head.')  A  bandage,  applied  round 
the  head  in  coses  of  fracture  or  luxation  of  the 
lower  jaw.  According  to  the  mode  in  which  it  is 
made,  ir  is  called  -simple,  double,  oblique,  &c. 

CHEYEC,  Capillus. 

CHEYILLE  DU  PIED,  Malleolus. 

CHEYREFEUILLE,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num. 

CHE VR 0 TA TX PORTE- HCSC,  see  Musk. 

CHE  YROTAXTE  (  VOIX),  Egophonv. 

CHEWING.  Mastication. 

CHEYLETUS  SCABIEL  see  Psora. 

CHEZANAN'CE,  from  Xtfa  'I  go  to  stool.' 
and  avnyKT},  'necessity.'  An  ointment  composed 
of  honey  and  alum,  and  rubbed  on  the  anus  to 
occasion  evacuations. — Paulus  of  JEgina. 

CHIA.  Chia  terra,  from  Chios,  an  island  where 
it  was  found.  A  kind  of  white  earth,  formerly 
used  for  burns. — Galen. 

CHI'ACUM  COLLYR'IUM.  A  collyrium  con- 
sisting of  several  drugs  and  Chian  wine. — Paulus 
of  JEirina. 

CHIADUS.  Furunculus. 

CIIIAS'MUS,  Chins' >na,  Chiasm,  from  %fa£o). 
to  form  like  the  letter  %.  The  crucial  union  of 
parts, — as  the  optic  commissure  or  chias7ii  of  the 
optic  nerve, — Chias'mus  seu  Chias'ma  nervo'rum 
optica' rum. 

CHIASTER,  Kiaster. 

CHIAS'TOS.  Same  etymon.  A  bandage,  so 
called  because  it  resembles  the  letter  %. —  Ori- 
basius. 

CHIBOU,  see  Bursera  gummifera. 

CHTCHA.  A  drink  made  in  Peru  with  Indian 
meal  dried  in  the  sun,  and  fermented  with  water. 
Its  taste  is  that  of  bad  cider.  It  is  also  made 
from  rice.  peas,  barley,  &c. 

CHICK'S  SPRINGS,  see  South  Carolina, 
mineral  waters  of. 

CHICKEN-BREASTED,  see  Lordosis. 

CHICKEN-BROTH.  When  chicken-tea  is 
boiled  down  one-half,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
parsley  or  celery,  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg  previ- 
ously beaten  up  in  two  ounces  of  soft  water,  it 
forms  a  soup  much  relished  by  the  convalescent. 

CHICKEX-PEPPER,  Ranunculus  abortivus. 

CHICKEXPOX,  Varicella. 

CHICKEN-TEA,  Chicken-icater.  This  maybe 
prepared  as  follows  :  Take  a  small  chicken,  freed 
from  the  skin  and  fat  between  the  muscles;  and 
having  divided  it  longitudinally,  remove  the 
lungs,  liver,  and  every  thing  adhering  to  the 
back  and  side-bones  :  cut  the  whole  —  bones  and 
muscles  —  into  very  thin  slices  ;  put  into  a  pan 
■with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  boiling  water;  cover 
the  pan :  and  simmer  with  a  slow  fire  for  two 
hours.  Put  the  pan  upon  the  stove  for  half  an 
hour,  and  strain  through  a  sieve. 

Used  where  the  lisrhtest  animal  diet  is  indicated. 

CHICKEN-WATER,  Chicken-tea. 

CHICKENWORT,  Alsine  media. 

CHICKWEED,  Alsine  media— c.  Water,  Cal- 
litriche  verna. 

CHICOREE  DES  JARDIXS,  Cichorium  en- 
divia — c.  S'luvaae,  Cichorium  intybus. 

CHICORY,  Cichorium  intybus. 


CHICOT.  Stump  (of  a  tooth). 

CHICOT IX  (F.).  The  bitter  powder  or  juice 
of  the  colocynth,  with  which  the  nurse,  at  times, 
rubs  her  nipple  when  desirous  of  weaning  an 
infant. 

CHIEXDEXT,  Triticum  repens  —  c.  Rouge, 
Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

CHIGGO.  Chique. 

CHI  CURE,  Chique. 

CHIGOE,  Chique. 

CHILBLADDER,  Chilblain. 

CHIL'BLAIN.  (Prov.)  Chill) 'adder,  Per' n  in, 
Burjan'tia,  Erythe'ina  Per'vio  seu  a  Fri'ijore, 
Cheiniet'lon,  Chimet'lum,  Chimon,  3/nlce,  from 
chill,  '  cold,'  and  Main,  'a  pustule.'  (F.)  Euge- 
lure.  An  erythematous  inflammation  of  the  feet, 
hands,  &c,  occasioned  by  cold.  It  is  very  com- 
mon in  youth — not  so  in  the  adult  or  in  advanced 
age.  It  is  apt  to  degenerate  into  painful,  indo- 
lent ulcerations,  called  Kibes,  (Sc.)  J/ides.  Chil- 
blains are  prevented  by  accustoming  the  parts  to 
exposure;  and  are  treated  by  stimulant,  terebin- 
thinate,  and  balsamic  washes,  ointments,  and 
liniments. 

CHILD,  Infans. 

CHILD-BEARING.  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED,  Parturient,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED  FEVER,  Puerperal  fever. 

CHILD-BIRTH,  Parturition. 

CHILD-CROWING,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CHILDHOOD.  Infancy. 

CHILD-ILL,  Parturition. 

CHILD-MURDER.  Infanticide. 

CHILDREN'S  BANE.  Cicuta  maculata. 

CHILI.  CLIMATE  OF,  see  Lima. 

Chili,  •Iixeral  Waters  of.  The  most  cele- 
brated mineral  springs  of  Chili,  in  South  Ame- 
rica, are  those  of  Peldehues  and  Cauquenes.  The 
former  are  not  far  from  St.  Jago.  They  consist 
of  two  springs,  one  thermal,  the  other  cold.  The 
hot  spring  is  clear,  inodorous,  and  contains  soda 
and  carbonic  acid.  The  cold  spring  contains  iron 
and  sulphate  of  soda.  Cauquenes  is  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids  during  the  summer.  Mine- 
ral waters  are  very  common  in  Chili.  Those  of 
Apoquindo,  Colina,  and  Cauquenes,  have  been 
analyzed  bv  Prof.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  M.  D. 

CHILIOGRAMMA.  Kilosrrauime. 

CHILTOPHYLLON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CHILITES,  Cheilitis. 

CHILL.  Rigor. 

CHILLI,  Capsicum. 

CHI'LON,  Chei'lon,  Cheilitis,  from  x^Ao?,  'a 
lip.'  Inflammation  of  the  lips. — Vogel.  One 
who  has  a  thick  lip  :  Labeo,  Labes. 

CHILOPLASTICE,  Cheiloplastice. 

CH1MAPHILA,  Pyrola  umbellata— c.  Umbel- 
lata,  Pvrola  umbellata. 

CHIMETLUM.  Chilblain. 

CHIMIA.  Chvmistrv. 

CHIMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHIMIATRIA,  Chvmiatria. 

CHIMIE.  Chvmistry. 

CHLMISME,  Chymism. 

CHIMISTE,  Chymist. 

CHIMON,  Chilblain,  Cold. 

CHINA,  Cinchona,  Smilax  china  —  c.  Ameri- 
can or  West  India,  Smilax  pseudo-china  —  c. 
Calisaya,  Cinchona?  eordifolia?  cortex  —  c.  Occi- 
dental, Smilax  pseudo-china  —  c.  Orientalis, 
Smilax  china  —  c.  Ponderosa,  Smilax  china  —  c. 
Regia,  Cinchonas  cordifolia?  cortex  —  c.  Root, 
Smilax  china — c.  Spuria  nodosa,  Smilax  pseudo- 
china — c.  Vera,  Smilax  china. 

CHINCAPIN,  Fagus  eastanea  pumila— c. 
Water.  Nelumbium  luteum. 

CHINCHE.  Cimex. 

CHINCHINA.  Cinchona. 

CHINCHUNCHULLI,  Ionidium  marcucci. 


cmx con;  n 


10 


CIILIAROS 


CHINCOUOH,  Pertu* 

CHINBSB,  MBD'ICINE  OF  THE,  Uediei'na 
M  taurine  1ms  been  Long,  hut  muet  im- 
perfectly, practised  by  the  Chinese.     Prom  their 
therapeuti  a  we  have  obtained  the  old  operations 
of  acupuncture  end  moxibnstioa. 

KG'S    WORM    LOZBNGBS,    see   Worm 

ing's. 
\  !IHX.  Quinidia. 
CHININUM,  Quinine.     Pee  Chiniutn. 

[NIO'fDl  X  B,  CMno'idine,  Ckinoidi'na, 
i  fin.  Qninoid'ine,   Quinoid'in,    Qui'nodin  : 

from  China,  'Cinchona.'     A  substance  presumed 
i  alkaloid  by  Sertttrner,  who  separated  it 
inchona.     It  baa  been  supposed  to  be  a 
mixture  of  quinia,  cinchonia,  and    i  peenliar  re- 
matter,  but  according  to  Liebig  it  is  Bimply 
the  alkaloid  quinia  in  an  amorphous  suite — amor- 

CHINIUM  ACETICUM,  Quinisa  aeetas  —  e. 
Arsenicosutn,  Quinisa  arsenias — c  Citrieum,  Qui- 
rocyanogenatum,  Quini 
—  e.  Uydroehloricum,  Quints  murias 
—  e.  Hydroiodicum,  Quinisa  bydriodas  —  o.  Lac- 
tieuin,  Quinisa  lactaa  —  o.  Muriatieum,  Quinia1 
snuriaa —  c.  Nitricum,  Quinisa  nitras —  c.  Phoa- 
phorieum,  Quinisa  phosphas — s.  Balitum,  Quinisa 
nnrias —  e.  Bnlphuricum,  Quinisa  sulphas  —  c 
Tannioum,  Quinia  el  Oinehonise  tannaa — c.  Va- 
lerianicnm,  Quinisa  ralerianas. 

CHINNEYWEBD,  Lichen  roccella. 

CHINOJLEINUM,  LeukoleHnum. 

CHINQUAPIN,  Fagua  castanea  pumila, 

OHINWHBLK,  Sycosis. 

CHIOCOCC.fi  R  \I»IX,  Cainesa  radix. 

CHIOLI,  Furunculus. 

(MI  I  MX.  Snow. 

CHIONAN'THUS  VIRGIN'ICA,  Wring*  Tree. 

op  Tree;  indigenous;  Nat.  Ord.  Oleacese ; 

from   xiu01''   'snow/  and   uvSoq,   'a   flower.'    An 

infusion  of  the  root  has  been  used  as  an  antipe- 

riodie  and  tonic. 

CHIQUE  (F.),   Pace  penitromte,   Pulex  Pen'- 

ctrmix.    Dernuttoph'ilut,    Sarcoptyll'a  pen'etrant, 

g'oe,   Chiggo,   Chegre,   Cheg'oS, 

\  small   insect  in  America  and  the  An- 

inder  the  epidermis,  and  excites 

great  irritation. 

CHIR,  Manns,  see  Cheir. 

CM  IK  IETA,  Gentians  ehirayta. 

CHI'RAGRA,  from  Xtif,  '  hand,' and  aypa,  'a 
leisure.'     Gout  in  the  band. 

CHIRAPOTHECA,  Arsenal. 

CHIR  U'SI  \.  Friction. 

CHIRARTHRI'TIS,  from  Xup,  'hand,'  apOpov, 
'joint.'  an  1  itit,  denoting  inflammation.    Inflain- 

Ini'i    n  of  the  joints  of  the  hand. 

CHIR  \YITA.  Gentians  ehirayta. 
CHIR  \YT  \.  Gentians  ehirayta. 
CHIRETTA,  Gentians  ehirayta. 
CHIRHEUMA,  Chirrbeuma. 
CHIRIATER,  Burgeon. 
CHIR1  \T!:i  \.  Surgery. 
CHIRIMOTA,  Anona  tripetala. 


CM  IRIS  I  • 


>urgery. 


CHfRISMUS,  S  irgery. 
CHIRIX1 - 

CHIROCYRTO'SIS,  from  Xup,  'the  hand.' and 
i  of  the  band. 

OHI'ROM  \XCY.  Chiromanti'a,  Fatieim'ium 
nkiroman'ticun,  Palm'ittry,  from  Xup,  'the  hand,' 
and  marrua,  '  divination.'  (F.)  Ckiromaneie,  Art 
of  dirinioe  by  inspection  of  the  hand. 

CHIRON  \X.  Burgeon. 

CHIRO'NIA.    (from    Chiron.   \apoi>,    the   Cen- 
taur, who  is  said  to  have  diseoverea  its  di 
0     .  Q        maces*.    A 

•inmnnis. 
Ciiiu-j'M.i.   A.vcula'uis,    Amer'ican    Cen'Uiunj, 


Rotepink,    Wild    Snc'coty,    Bitterbtoom,    C 
Sabba'tia,    8.   Angmla'rit.     Brery    pari    of   this 

plant  is  a  pure  and  BtTOBg  hitter,  which  property 
IS  Communicated  alike  to  alcohol   and  water.      It 

is  used  as  a  tonic  and  Btomacbic 

ClIIKo'xiA       Cl.MAt   Kl'lM.      (  '<  ittituri' tllll      mivu* 

seu  vulga'ri  sen  parvum,  Oentia'na  ttutanri'um 
Ben  Qerar'di,  Erythrm'a  Centauri'um,  Hippo- 
centaure'a  centauri'um,  Centaure'um,  Ctutau'rit, 
Smaller  or  Letter  Centaury,  Europe' an  Centaury, 

■  •  an    ou  a  hi 
The  tops  of  the  lesser  Centaury,  Centau'- 
rii   Caeu'mina,  are   aromatic  and   tonic,   and  are 
sometimes  employed  as  sneh. 

('  a  i  bo  '  n  i  a  C  n  1 1. 1: 1 '  B  i  s,  Oentia'na  Cachen- 
lahuen,   Cachen-laynen,   Chackinlagua, 

tfhrce'a   Chilentit,   Oentia'na    Pert 
A  very  hitter  plant,  indigenous  in  Chili.     It  poe- 
the  virtues  of  the  Chironca.     Given  in  in- 
fusion— (J5j,  to  water  Oj.) 

CHIRONI'UM,  from  xaP0V'  'bad,  malignant.' 
An  ulcer  difficult  of  cure: — of  a  swollen,  hard, 
and  callous  nature.  —  Galen.  Some  have  Sup- 
posed the  word  to  come  from  Chiron,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  was  nnable  to  cure  such  ulcere. 

CHIRONOMIA,  Cheironomia. 

CHIROPODALGIA,  Acrodynia. 

CHIROP'ODIST,  (F.)  Pidicure.  One  who 
treats  diseases  of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  rather 
whose  profession  it  is  to  remove  corns  and  hun- 
yons ;  from  Xtip,  ' tue  nanoV  and  irovs,  jto<5oj,  '  tho 
foot.' 

CHIRORRHEUMA,  Chirrhcuma. 

CHIROSI8,  Subactio. 

CHIROSTROPHO'SIS,  from  Xnp,  'the  hand,' 
and  arozdeiv.  '  to  turn.'     Distortion  of  the  hand. 

CHIROTHE'CA,  from  XetP,  'the  hand.'  and 
OnKT},  'a  sheath.'  A  bandage  for  the  hand.  A  kind 
of  bandage  in  which  the  fingers  and  hand  are 
enveloped  in  spiral  turns.  When  the  whole  hand 
and  fingers  are  covered,  it  is  called  the  double  or 
complete  Chirotheca,  Ch.  comple'ta,  Vinctu'ra 
omnibus  dig"itis j  and  when  only  a  finger  is 
covered,  the  half  or  incomplete,  Oh.  incomple'ta, 
Vinctu'ra  pro  una  dig"ito.     See  Oat 

CHIROTRI'BIA,  from  Xup,  'the  hand,'  and 
rpifiu),  '  I  rub.'  Friction  with  the  band.  Accord- 
ing to  others,  dexterity  in  an  art. — Hippocrates, 
Galen. 

CHIRRHEU'MA,  CftirorrWsm,  RfteuwafiV- 
hiks  manto,  from  Xup,  'the  hand,' and  pcvfia,  'liux.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  hand. 

CHIRURGEON.  Surgeon. 

CHTRURGl  PHYSICI,  see  Surgeon. 

CHIRURGIA,  Surgery— e.  Anaplastics,  Mo- 
rioplastice — c.  Curtorum,  Morioplastice — C.  Infu- 
soria, Infusion  of  Medicines — o.  Militaris,  Sur- 
gery, military — c.  Transfusoria,  Transfusion. 

CHIRUROICAL,  Burgical. 

CHIRURGICUS,  Surgical. 

CHIRUROIE,  Surgery— c.  Militaire,  Surgery, 
military. 

CHIRUROIEN,  Surgeon— c.  Consultant,  Con- 
ralting  Burgeon — e.  Hernieux,  see  Hernial. 

OHIRUROIQUB,  Surgical 

CHfRORGU8,  Surgeon. 

CHI6T.  An  Arabic  word  which  rignifles  the 
sixth  part.  The  sixth  part  of  the  Uongiut  or 
gallon. 

CHITON,  Tunic. 

CHITONISCUS,  rndusium. 

CHITTICK'S  NOSTR1  M.  an. 

CHIUM  VINUM.  From  Chiot,  the  island 
where  it  was  produced;  Ohian  aim  ;  used  by  the 
physicians  of  antiquity  in  cases  of  defluxions  and 
ophtlialini;!'.— S(.Tilioniu-  LargUS. 

CHLI'AROS,  X\taQOfi  'tepid.'  A  name  given 
to  slight  fevers,  in  which  the  heat  is  not  great.— 
Galen. 


CIILIASMA 


]  08 


CIIOAVA 


CHLIAS'MA,  ^Xiao/m,  same  etymon.  A  tepid  j 
and  moist  fomentation. — Hippocrates. 

CHLOAS'MA.  Pityriasis  versicolor,  Mac' - 
tila  hepaf'ietif  Pannus  hepat'icus,  He  pat'  izo», 
Phaze,  Pha'cea,  Phacus,  (F.)  Tachcs  hepatiques, 
Ghaletirs  du  foie,  Eph  Slide  seorbutique,  Liverspot, 
from  x^oos,  'a  greenish-yellow  colour,  verdure.' 
A  cutaneous  affection,  characterized  by  one  or 
more  broad,  irregular-shaped  patches,  of  a  yellow 
or  yellowish-brown  colour,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently on  the  front  of  the  neck,  breast,  abdo- 
men, and  groins.  The  patches  do  not  generally 
rise  above  the  surface.  There  is  usually  some 
degree  of  itching.  A  cryptogamous  growth  has 
beef)  found  in  it,  to  which  M.  Robin  gives  the 
name  Micros'poron  fnrfnr. 

The  causes  are  not  very  evident.  Sulphur  ex- 
ternally—  in  any  and  every  form  —  generally  re- 
moves it  speedily.  Should  there  be  difficulty, 
the  external  use  of  the  remedy  in  baths  or  fumi- 
gations mav  succeed. 

CHLOASMA  ALBUM,  Achroma. 
CHLORA.  Chlorine. 

CHLORAS    KALICUS    DEPURATUS,    Po- 
tato murias  hvperoxvgenatus. 
CHLORASMA,  Chlorosis. 
CHLORE.  Chlorine — c.  Liquide,  see  Chlorine. 
CffL ORE THER [DE,  Chloroform. 
CHLORETUM  CALCARLE,  Calcis  chloridum. 
CHLORIASIS.  Chlorosis. 
CHLORIC  ETHER.  CONCENTRATED,  see 
Ether,    chloric  —  c.    Ether,    strong,    see    Ether, 
chloric. 

CHLORIDE  OF  BROMINE,  see  Bromine, 
chloride  of. 

CHLORINE,  from  x^^pog,  'green.'  Chlo'rinnm, 
Cklorin'tnm,  CJilora,  O'-ynmriat'ic  Acid  Gas, 
Orygena'ted  JFuriatic  Acid  Gas,  Dephlogisticated 
Marine  Acid,  Ilal'ogene,  Jfu'rigene,  Chlorum,  (F.) 
Chlore.  So  far  as  we  know,  this  is  an  element- 
ary substance.  It  is  a  greenish,  yellow  gas,  of 
a  strong  suffocating  smell,  and  disagreeable  taste: 
incapable  of  maintaining  combustion  and  respira- 
tion, and  very  soluble  in  water.  One  of  its  cha- 
racteristics is,  that  of  destroying,  almost  imme- 
diately, all  vegetable  and  animal  colours.  It  is 
employed  in  fumigations  as  a  powerful  disinfect- 
ing acrent.  A  verv  dilute  solution,  Aqua  seu  Li- 
quor Ghlo'rini,  Ch'lorin'ii  Liquor  (Ph.  D.),  Chlo- 
rin'ei  aqua  (Ph.  E.),  Chlorine  water,  (F.)  Chlore 
liquide,  has  been  administered  internally,  in  cer- 
tain cases  of  diarrhoea  and  chronic  dysentery. 
Immersion  of  the  hands  and  arms  in  it  has  often 
removed  itch  and  other  cutaneous  affections.  It 
has  also  been  inhaled  in  a  dilute  state  in  the  early 
stage  of  phthisis,  but  it  is  of  doubtful  efficacy, 
and  is  better  adapted  for  chronic  bronchitis. 

Chlorine,  Bisulphuket  of,  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of. 

CHLORO-ANEMTE,  Chlorosis. 
CHLO'ROFORM.  Chloroform' urn,  Chloroform'- 
ium,  Carho'nenni  chlora'tum,  Snperchlo'  ridum 
formyl'icnm,  Perchloride  and  Terchloride  of 
Formyl,  Chloroform' yl,  called  also,  but  not  cor- 
rectly, Terchloride  of  Carbon,  and  Chloric  ether, 
JEthe>-  chlo'ricus  ;  —  (F.)  Chloroforme,  Chlorethe- 
ride,  so  called  on  account  of  the  connexion  of  chlo- 
rine with  formic  acid,  is  a  colourless,  oleaginous 
liquid,  of  a  sweetish  ethereal  odour,  hot,  aroma- 
tic, and  peculiar  taste.  The  specific  gravity  of 
that  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  1.49.  It  may  be  ob- 
tained by  distilling  from  a  mixture  of  chlorinated 
lime  and  alcohol,  —  rectifying  the  product  by  re- 
distillation, first  from  a  great  excess  of  chlori- 
nated lime,  and  afterwards  from  strong  sulphuric 
acid.  It  has  been  used  with  advantage  in  asthma, 
and  in  diseases  in  which  a  grateful  soothing  agent 
is  required.    Dose  f£ss  to  f'3J,  diluted  with  water. 


It  has  likewise  been  prescribed  with  great  success 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent  in  spasmodic  diseases; 
and  to  obtund  sensibility  in  surgical  operations 
and  in  parturition,  —  especially  in  the  way  of 
inhalation  ;  but  its  use  requires  caution.  See 
Anaesthetic. 

Chloroform,  Tincture  of,  Ether,  chloric. 

CHLOROFORMIZA'TION,  Chloroform  isa'tio 
The  aggregate  of  anaesthetic  phenomena  occa- 
sioned by  the  inhalation  of  chloroform. 

CHLOROFORMYL,  Chloroform. 

CIILORO'MA,  from  ^Awpoj,  'green.'  A  pecu- 
liar form  of  tumour  containing  a  yellow  green 
substance,  which  takes  the  place,  at  times,  of 
muscles  and  periosteum. 

CHLOROPHYLL,  Fecula,  green. 

CHLORO'SIS,  from  ^Ao>pos,  'green.'  Pal'lidvs 
Morbwt,  Fa'diiH  Yir'ginum  color.  Pal'lidus  color 
virgin'eus,  Pallor  vir'ginnm,  Icterit"  ia  alba,  Ic'- 
terus  albns,  Lencopathi'a.  Morbus  virgin'eus  seu 
Parthen'ius,  Fondi  colo'res,  Eyspep'sia  chforo'sis, 
Febris  amato'ria,  Cachex'ia  seu  Febris  vir'ginnm, 
Febris  alba,  Anepithym'ia  chloro'sis,  Chloras'rtm, 
Chloros'ma,  Ch/ori'osis,  Citto'sis,  Green-sickness, 
(F.)  CJtlorose,  Pdles-couleitrs,  Chloro-anemie.  A 
disease  which  affects  young  females,  more  parti- 
cularly those  who  have  not  menstruated.  It  is 
characterized  by  a  pale,  lurid  complexion,  languor, 
listlessness,  depraved  appetite  and  digestion,  pal- 
pitation, <fec.  The  disease  generally  goes  off  on 
the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  flux  ;  but  some- 
times it  is  long  before  this  is  established,  and,  at 
times,  the  catamenia  are  in  much  larger  quantity 
than  usual.  To  this  last  form  M.  Trousseau  has 
given  the  name  chlorose  hemorrhagique. 

The  blood  of  chlorosis  is  generally  thin,  light- 
coloured  and  deficient  in  red  corpuscles;  and,  ac- 
cording to  Piorry,  in  iron,  —  achalybhemie  ;  and 
the  clot  is  in  less  proportion  to  the  serum  than  in 
health.  On  auscultation,  a  bellows'  sound  has 
been  almost  invariably  detected  over  the  heart, 
and  a  continuous  blowing  sound  in  the  larger 
arteries,  (especially  the  carotids  and  subclavians,) 
re-enforced  by  each  systole  of  the  ventricle,  and 
resembling  the  buzzing  of  a  humming-top,  the 
cooing  of  doves,  the  whistling  of  air  through  a 
key-hole,  &c,  (see  Emit.)  Very  similar  sounds 
are  heard  in  the  arteries  after  copious  hemor- 
rhage :  they  seem,  therefore,  to  coincide  with  en- 
feebled circulation. 

Tonics  —  as  iron  —  are  usually  required  in  the 
treatment,  —  the  disease  most  commonly  occur- 
ring in  those  in  whom  there  is  considerable  torpor 
of  the  system. 

Chlorosis  iETitiorrM,  Chthonophagia  —  c. 
Amatoria,  Hectic  fever — c.  Gigantea,  see  Poly- 
sarcia. 

CHLOROSMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLOROT'IC,  Chlorot'icus,  (F.)  Chlorotique. 
Affected  with  chlorosis,  or  pertaining  to  chlorosis; 
— as  chlorotic  female,  chlvrotic  symptoms,  &c. 

CHLORUM,  Chlorine. 

CHLORURE  DE  CARBON,  Chloroform  — 
c.  d'Or,  Gold,  Muriate  of. 

CHLORURETUM  AMMONICUM.  Ammonia 
murias — c.  Oxidi  Calcii,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CHOA,  Chu. 

CHOA'CUM  EMPLAS'TRUM  NIGRUM.  A 
black  plaster,  mentioned  by  Celsus,  and  composed 
of  equal  parts  of  litharge  and  resin.  The  litharge 
was  first  boiled  in  oil. 

CHOAK,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  c.  Wolf,  Ly- 
canche. 

CHOANA,  Pelvis  —  c.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain. 

CHOANE,  Infundibulum. 

CHOANORRIIAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

CHOAYA,  Coffea  Arabica. 


C1I0  COL  AT 


i  g  9 


CnOLERA-EUROTE  EX 


CHOCOL  17'.  Bee  Chocolate. 

1  la.  Chocolate .  cam  Osmuoma, 

—a  Salntis,  toe  Chocolate — a  Sim- 

Chooolate. 

I  ho<    OLATB,  Chocola'tum,  Ckocola'ta,  Suc- 

olla'ta.     l>r.  Alston  Bays,  that  this 

word    is    compounded    from    two    East    Indian 

-eaoco,  'sound,'  and  alls,  'water,'  be- 

f  the  noise  made  in  its  preparation  [?].    An 

i!  v  paste  prepared   from  the  kernels  of 

„",,,   cacao   or    Cacao,    with    sugar,    and 

Cacao.)     The   chocolate 

mply  prepared  — as  it  is  met  with,  in. loci. 

in  oommerce  —  is  called  in  France,  Chocolat  de 

'hocola'ta  timptex   sou  Salu'tie.     It  is  not 

very  easy  of  digestion. 

The  rim,-,, /at  a  la  vemilbe  contains  three  ounces 
■i  and  two  ofoutiuunoN  to  twenty  pounds 
ton  chocolate.     The  addition  of  the  aro- 
matic renders  it  somewhat  more  digestible.     Cho- 
-  may  likewise  be  medicated. 
CHOCOLATE,  OSM  IZOME,  see  Osmazome. 
CHOCOLATE  BOOT,  Geum  rivale,  G.  Virgi- 
nian um. 

CUOCUS,  Chu. 
CHCENICIS,    Trepan. 
CHO3NI0N,  Cord. 
CHO5N0S,  Cord. 

CHGBRADO'DES,  from  x»ip*s,  xoiPa^  '**«>- 
md  ciios,  'resemblance.'     Of  the  nature  of 
scrofula.     Affected  with  scrofula. 
CHCER  \>.  Scrofula. 
CHOIROS,  Vulva. 

CHOKE    CHERRY,    Prunus  Virginiana  —  c. 
Danij).  Carbonic  acid. 
CHOKES,  Throat. 
CHOLA,  Cbole. 

CHOLJS'MIA,  Ckolhoy'mia,  Cholihce'mia,  from 
X^n-  '  bile,'  and  'aipa,  '  hlood.'     A  morbid  Btate, 
in  whi.h  bile  exists  in  the  hlood.     Jaundice. 
CHOLAGO,  Cholas. 

CHOL'AGOGUE,  Chofago'giu,  ChoU'got,  Fel- 
Ud'ueue,  BUit'icue,  from  ^oA»»,  '  bile,'  and  ayu),  'I 
expel.'     The  ancients  give  this  name  to  cathar- 
tics, which  were  reputed  to  cause  the  flow  of  bile. 
CHOLANSIS,  Cholosis. 

CHOLAS,  xoAaj,  plur.  gaAascfr    Ckola'go.    The 
epigastric  region.     The  intestines. — Homer. 
CHOLASMA,  Cholosis. 
CHOLE,  Cholue,  Clioln,  'bile,'  in  composition. 

ne< 

0H0LECCHYSI8,  Cholen'chyefe  ;  from  x<>\n, 
'bile.'  and  fyX1"71'"'  'effusion.'     Effusion  of  bile. 

CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA,  from  x°*i>  <bile»' 
m/irris,  'bladder,'  and eopvepa,  'dilatation.'  Dila- 
tation of  the  gall-bladder. 

CH0LECYSTFTI8,  Tnflamma'tio  Veei'cmfeW- 

e(P.    I.  ri/xt'  I'll*  fell'ea,    Ci/.sti'tix  fel'lcO,     I/ijuiti'tix 

cyet'ica,  from  x°^i>  '  bile,'  and  kvotis,  'bladder.' 

( 1".     Inflammation  de  I"   Veeicule  du  Fief,  Chole- 

eyetite.     Inflammation  of  the  gall-bladder. 

'  CHOL'EDOCH,    Oh* ,/,-,/', >chue,     (F.)     Okoli- 

.  from  X"^n,  '  bile,'  and  6<>xos*  '  containing  or 

._'.'     The  Duetue  eholedochne  sou  hep'ato- 

pye'ticne,  Dnetue  communie  choledochne,  (V.)  Con- 

i  Canal  ChaMdoque,  is  the  duct  formed  by 

the  union  of  the  hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  which 

be  hepatic  and  cystic  bile  into  the  duodenum. 

CHOLEDOCFTIS,  from  choltdoahue,  *od  Me; 

a   infill   denoting   inflammation.     Inflammation 

of  the  sholedoch  duct. 

CHOLEDOG'RAPHY,  Choi  dogra'ph  in,  Oho- 

ph'ia,  Cholograph'ia,  from  x'jAr?,  'bile,'  and 

*,  •  to  describe.'     A  description  of  what  re- 

i  the  bile  and  biliary  organs. 

CHOLEDOL'OGY,  Choledolog"ias   Chole- 

',  Chololuy" ia,  from  xo\n>  'bile,'  and  Aoyoj, 


'  a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  bile  and  biliary 
organs. 

CHOl£DOQUEt  Choledoch. 

CHOLEGOS,  Cholagogue. 

CHOLEGRAPHIA,  Choledograpby. 

CHOLEHJBMIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLEIA,  Claudication. 

CHOLELITHIA,  Cysthepatolithiasia— a  Icte- 
rus, Icterus. 

CHOLELITHIASIS,  Cysthepatolithiasis, 

CHOLELITHUS,  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLELOGIA,  Choledology. 

CHOLE  M  E  S'l  A.  Cholem'i  tie,  from  x°^> 
1  bile.'  and  cficai;.  '  vomiting.'      Vomiting  of  bile. 

CHOLENCHYSIS,  Cholecchysis. 
CHOLEPYRA,  Fever,  bilious. 
0HOLEPYRETU8,  Fever,  bilious. 
CHOLEPYRRIN,  see  Bile. 

CHOLER,  Bile.  Anger  was  supposed  to  be 
produced  by  a  superabundance  of  bile;  hence 
the  term  ('hah  i-  for  anger. 

CHOL'ERA,  Chol'era-morbue,  Cholera  noetrae 
sou  oulga'rie,  Sporad'ie  Choi' era,  Cholerrha'gfa, 
Pae'eio  choler'ica,  Feltiflua  paeeio,  Morhne  fel- 
liflune,  Hoi' era,  Bilie  flux'io,  (V.)  Choladrie 
lymphatiqne,  Hydrocholadrie,  Cholira-morbueepo- 
raaique,  Ch.  Europien,  Troueee-galant,  from  xu^'h 
'bile,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow.'  According  to  others, 
from  ^oAa6£f,  'intestines,'  or  from  ^oArp.i.  'the 
i  gutter  of  a  house  to  carry  off  the  rain.'  The 
higher  degrees  have  been  called  CentrognngliVtiet 
Myeloganglii'tie,  and  ffologanghl'tie.  A  disease 
characterized  by  anxiety,  gripings,  spasms  in  the 
legs  and  arms,  and  by  vomiting  and  purging 
(generally  bilious:)  vomiting  and  pureeing  are, 
indeed,  the  essential  symptoms.  The  disease  is 
most  common  in  hot  climates, — and  in  temperate 
climates,  during  summer.  Spaemod'ic,  Aeiat'ic, 
Malig'nant,  Indian,  Epidem'ic,  Peetilen'tial,  Con- 
vulsive Nervous,  Eaetern,  or  Orient' al  Cholera, 
Aephyx'ia  pextilen'ta,  Peetilen'tial  aephyx'ia, 
Choleric  Peft'ilence,  Cholera  orienta'lie  sen  In'- 
diea  sou  Epidem'ica  sen  Aephyx'ia,  Typhue  Beu- 
c/alcii'aix,  Choi' ero-typhue,  Gfanglioni'tia  peripher'- 
ica  et  medulla' rie,  Hymenoganglii' tie,  Pantogan- 
glii'tie,  Oholerrha'a  lymphat'iea,  Peorenter'ia, 
Achol'ia,  Typhoid  Fever  of  India,  Hyperanthrax'ie, 
Enterop'yra  Asiat'ica,  Tritplanch'nia,  Trfe- 
planchni'tie,  Havtnataporrho'eie,  Hoematorrho'eie, 
Morhne  ory'zeue,  Rice  dixenae,  (because  supposed 
by  Tytler  to  be  caused  by  damaged  rice,)  (F.) 
Mart  de  Chien,  is  frightful  in  the  rapidity  of  its 
progress,  the  patient  sometimes  dying  in  a  few 
hours  from  the  first  onset.  In  temperate  cli- 
mates, common  cholera  is  not  usually  a  disease 
of  much  consequence.  It  requires  that  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels  should  be  cleared,  and  after- 
wards the  irritation  be  allayed  by  full  doses  of 
opium.  In  malignant  cholera,  large  doses  of  calo- 
mel, with  opiates,  form  the  great  reliance  of  many 
practitioners.  In  the  worst  forms  however,  it 
runs  its  course,  unmodified  by  treatment. 

CHOLERA  EUR  OP  E'EN,   see   Cholera  — c. 
Indian,  see  Cholera — c.  Indica,  see  Cholera. 

Choi/bra  Ihfah'tom,  Choi' eric  Fever  of  A<- 
fante;  Cholera  of  In/ante.  A  disease  so  termed 
by  American  physicians.  It  occurs,  generally, 
in  the  middle  states  of  the  Union,  in  June  or 
July,  and  continues  during  the  hot  weather, 
hence  called  the  '  summer  complaint.'  The  chief 
symptoms  are  vomiting,  purging  of  gr 
yellow  matter,  slime  or  blood,  attended  with  pain 
or  uneasiness:  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen,  with 
some  pyrexia,  generally.  The  boat  of  the  wea- 
ther seems  to  be  the  predisposing,  if  not  the  ex- 
citing, cause.  It  is  a  fatal  disease  in  town.-,-  dif- 
fering little,  if  at  all,  from  what  is  vulgarly  called 
[|  the  Watery  Qripee  in  England.    Clearing,  gently, 


CHOLERAIC 


200 


CHONDRO-XIPIIOID 


the  alimentary  canal,  so  as  to  remove  the  offend- 
ing matter,  and  then  exhibiting  chalk  mixture 
and  laudanum,  with  counter-irritants,  as  sina- 
pisms to  the  abdomen,  is  the  most  satisfactory 
plan  of  treatment. 

Cholera,  MALiGNANT^see  Cholera — c.  Morbus. 
Cholera  —  c.  Morbus  Sporadique,  see  Cholera  — 
c*.  Nostras,  Cholera  morbus — c.  Oriental,  see  Cho- 
lera— c.  Pestilential,  see  Cholera — c.  Poison,  see 
Poison — c.  Spasmodic,  see  Cholera — c.  Sporadic, 
see  Cholera — c.  Sec,  Cholera  sicca — c.  Vulgaris, 
Cholera  morbus. 

Choi/era  Sicca,  (F.)  Cholera  sec.  Pneuma- 
tosis of  the  digestive  passages  in  which  there  is  a 
copious  discharge  of  gas  upwards  and  downwards. 

CHOLERAIC,  Choleric. 

CHOLERAPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOL'ERIC,  Choler'icus,  (F.)  Cholerique.  Be- 
longing to  bile ;  also  to  cholera;  Choleretic, — as  the 
'choleric  or  choleraic  virus.'  The  French  use  the 
term  Fievre  cholerique  for  the  fever  accompanying 
cholera. 

Choleric  Fever  of  Infants,  Cholera  infan- 
tum. 

Cholkric  TE>fp'ERAMENT.  The  bilious  tem- 
perament. 

CHOL'ERINE,  (F.)  Cholerine.  A  diminutive 
of  cholera.  The  first  stage  of  epidemic  cholera; 
also,  the  precursory  symptoms  of  cholera. 

CHOLERIQUE.  Choleric. 

CIIOL'EROID,  C 'holer o'i'des,  from  cholera,  and 
tibos,  'resemblance.'  Resembing  cholera;  as  a 
i  choleroid  affection.' 

CHOLEROMA'NIA,  Cholerapho'bia,  Cholero- 
pho'bia,  from  cholera  and  mania.  A  dread  of 
cholera  to  such  an  extent  that  the  individual 
fancies  himself  affected  or  threatened  by  it. 

CHOLEROPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOLEROPHO'NE,  from  cholera,  and  <puvr,, 
*  voice.'     The  peculiar  voice  of  one  in  cholera. 

CHOLEROPROSO'PON,  Cholerop'sis,  from 
cholera,  and  Trpouwov,  'countenance.'  The  facial 
expression  of  cholera. 

CHOLEROPSIS.  Choleroprosopon. 

CHOLERO-TYPHUS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

CHOLERRHAGIA,  Cholera. 

CHOLERRHCEA  LYMPHATICA,  Cholera. 

CHOLESTEARINOMA,  Cholesteatoma. 

CHOLESTEATINE.  Cholesterin. 

CHOLESTEATO'MA,  from  Xo\v,  'bile/  and 
.steatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  which  presents 
upon  the  interior  of  the  cyst  several  superim- 
posed layers  of  cholesterin,  which  glisten  like 
pearl.  Hence  it  was  named  by  Cruveilheir  the 
laminated  nacreous  fatty  tumour. 

CHOL'ESTERIN,  Choi' ester ine,  Cholesteri'na, 
Cholosteri'na,  Cholestearine,  Cholesteatine,  from 
j£oX»7,  '  bile/  and  arepeog,  '  solid/  or  areap,  '  suet.' 
Ad'ipocire,  Choline.  An  inodorous,  insipid  sub- 
stance, in  white,  shining  scales  ;  fusible  and  crys- 
tallizing, on  cooling,  in  radiated  fibres.  Soluble 
in  alcohol.  It  forms  the  crystalline  part  of  cer- 
tain biliary  calculi.     See  Adipocire. 

Cholksterix  Disease,  see  Lardaceous. 

CHOLEUMA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLHLEMrA,  CholEemia. 

CHOLJA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLICE'LE,  from  Xo\r,,  'bile/  and  k^t,, 
'tumour.'  A  swelling,  formed  by  the  bile  mor- 
bidlv  accumulated  in  the  gall-bladder. 

CIiOLICUS,  Bilious. 

CHOLIIPEMlA,  Cholaemia. 
CHOLINE,  Cholesterin. 

CHOLICYST1ECTASIE,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
cae felleaa. 

CHOLICYSTITE,  Cholecystitis. 

CHOLIUS,  Bilious. 
CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE,  Cholocatar- 


rhophe'sis,  Cholocatarroph'ia,  from  Xo\tj,  '  bile/ 
and  Karappoipeiv,  '  to  sup  up.'  The  absorption  of 
bile. 

CHOLOGRAPIHA,  Choledography. 

CHOLOLITHUS,  see  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLO'MA,  from  X(jj\os,  'lame,  maimed.' 
Distortion  of  a  limb  ;  incapacity  of  moving  it. 
Also,  the  act  of  limping,  claudication. 

CHOLOPLANLY,  Icterus. 

CHOLORRHCE'A,  from  Xo\r,,  'bile,'  and  psw, 
'I  flow.'     An  abnormous  discharge  of  bile. 

CHOLOS,  Bile,  Chole. 

CHOLO'SES,  from  Xo\rj,  'bile.'  Alibert  in- 
cludes, under  this  head,  every  morbid  affection 
of  the  liver  and  spleen. 

CHOLO'SIS,  from  X<*>\os,  'lame.'  Cho'lotes, 
Cholas'ma,  Cholan'sis,  C hole u' ma,  Chol'ia,  Clau- 
dication. Hippocrates  employs  this  word  par- 
ticularly for  a  lameness  of  the  band,  which  ren- 
ders a  person  one-handed,  (F.)  manchot.  Also, 
icterus ;  bilious  dyscrasy. 

Cholosis  Americana,  Fever,  yellow. 

CHOLOSTERINA.  Cholesterin. 

CIIOLOTES,  Cholosis. 

CHOLOZEMIA  FEBRILIS,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHONDRIN,  from  ^vd^og,  'cartilage.'  (F.) 
Gelatine  des  cartilages.  A  variety  of  gelatin,  ob- 
tained by  boiling  the  cornea,  the  permanent  car- 
tilages, and  the  bones  before  they  are  ossified. 

CHONDRPTIS,  Inflamma'tio  Cartilag" inis, 
(F.)  Chondrite,  from  x^v^pog,  '  cartilage,'  and  itia, 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  cartilage. 

CIIOXDROCLA'SIS,  from  Xovdpog,'  cartilage,' 
and  k^'ktu,  'fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  cartilage. 

CHONDRODES.  Cartilaginous,  Chondroid. 

CHONDROGENES'IA,  Chondrogen'esis,  from 
Xovdpog,  'a  cartilage/  and  yevcotg,  'formation.' 
Formation  of  cartilage.  A  morbid  conversion  of 
parts  into  cartilage. 

CHONDROGLOS'SUS,  from  xo^pog,  'a  carti- 
lage,' and  yXuxro-a,  'the  tongue.'  A  fasciculus  of 
fleshy  fibres,  passing  from  the  lesser  cornu  of 
the  os  hyoides  to  the  tongue.  It  forms  part  of 
the  hyoglossus, 

CHONDROG'RAPHY,  Chondrogra'phin,  from 
XovSpos,  'cartilage/  and  ypcupv,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  cartilages. 

CHONDROID,  Chondroi'des,  Chondro'des, 
from  Xov8pog,  '  cartilage,'  and  tihog,  '  resemblance.' 
Cartilaginiform.     Resembling  cartilage. 

CHONDROL'OGY,  Chondrolog'ia,  from  Xov~ 
6pog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  cartilages. 

CHONDRO'MA,  Enchondro'ma.  from  Xov8po:, 
'cartilage.'  A  cartilaginous  growth  proceeding 
from  bones,  including  spina  ventosa,  osteosar- 
coma, &c,  of  many. 

CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US,  from  X™Zp°s,  'a 
cartilage/  and  (papvyt-,  'the  pharynx.'  Fibres  of 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  pharynx,  which  arise 
from  the  lesser  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides,  and  form 
part  of  the  Constrictor  medius.  See  Constrictor 
pharvngis. 

CHONDRO'SIS,  from  Xov8pog,  'cartilage.'  A 
morbid  formation  or  condition  of  a  cartilage. 

CHONDROSTERNAL,C/Wtf>-osfe>-»«7/.s.from 
Xov8pog,  'a  cartilage/  and  ortpvov,  'the  breast- 
bone.' Having  relation  to  the  cartilages  of  the 
ribs  and  breast-bone, — as  the  chondrosternal  liga- 
ments, articulations,  <fec. 

CHONDROSYNDES'MUS,  from  Xovb~oog,  'a 
cartilage,'  and  cwSeo-pog,  'a  ligament.'  Union 
of  bones,  by  means  of  fibro-cartilage.  Synchon- 
drosis. 

CHONDROT'OMY,  Chondrotom'ia,  from  Xov- 
Spos,  'a  cartilage/  and  rtjivuv,  'to  cut.'  Dissec- 
tion of  cartilages. 

CHONDRO-XIPHOID,     Chondro-xiphoVdes, 


CHOXDRUS 


20  1 


CHOROID 


from  %ov5sos.  ra  eartimge,'  and  xiphoid,  the  Mr- 
Saving  relation  to  the  xiphoid 
dro-xiphoid  ligament.' 

CHONDRUS,  Cartilage.  The  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage, in  particular. 

CHONDRUS,  Alien.  Finns  crispus —  e.  Crispus, 
Pueus  crispus— c.  Polymorphus,  Fu 

(  HON  OS,  [nfundibulum. 

1  HOPINE,  Chopi'no,  Cheopi'na.  A  measure, 
which  contains  l<i  ounces.     A  pint  measure. 

CHORA,   x**Pa*    'region.'      Any  void   Bpace. 
tbe  orbit  i>f  the  i 

i  HORD,  TESTICULAR,  Spermatic  chord. 

CHORDA,    Corda,  t'ruin    x°/(''-    * :l    -"*•'    :mi1 
a   Btring  made  of  gut.     A  string  of  an 
instrument.       It    lias    several    meanings: — as   a 
tendon,  —  the    intet  rdes.)       Paracelsus 

calls  tin*  genital  organs  cAoroVe.  C!i<>r</<i  .-on 
Pnnic'nhia  Tym'pani,  a  branch  of  the  7th  pair 
of  nerves,  according  to  some,  of  the  5th  pair. 
.  ng  to  others,  ami  to  probability,  which 
Igb  the  tympanum.  (P.)  Nerf  Tynrpa- 
iiii/nf —  Cb.)  Corde  dtt  Tambonr  ou  du  Tympan. 
Chorda  WiUis'ii.  Trabecule  Willie'ii,  the  small 
fibres  wl  ih  cross  the  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater: 
so  exiled  from  their  first  deseriber,  Willis.  Chorda 
Teudiii'i  ip  ;  the  temlinous  and  cord-like  sub- 
stances which  connect  the  columna  carnea  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  heart  to  the  valves,,  «fcc. 

CHORD  \.  Intestine. 

Chorda  Dorsa'lis,  Doreai  cord.  The  axis. 
■round  which,  according  to  Von  Raer.  the  first 
parts  of  the  foetus  are  formed, — the  rudiment  of 
the  future  vertebral  column. 

Chord  v  Hippocratis,  Achilli*  Tendo — c.  Lon- 
gitudinalis  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Raphe — c.  Penis. 
Cbordee  —  c.  Tympani,  see  Chorda  —  c.  Veneris, 
Chor  . 

CHORDA,  Chordee— c.  Ferrenii.  Cords,  vocal 
—  ■.  Longitudinalea  Lancisii,  see  Raphe — c.  Ten- 
dinea\  see  Chorda — c.  Transversales  Willisii,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  c  Vocales,  Cords,  vocal  —  c. 
"Willisii,  see  Chorda. 

CHORDAP'SUS,  from  x00lhh  'intestine.'  and 
•  to  tie,'   Intuaeuaeep'tio.     Constriction  or 
twisting  ••("  the  intestines.  —  Celsus.     The  Colica 
Ileus.     Bee  Enteritis  and  Ileus. 

CHORDEE',  Curdee',  Chorda  Yen'erie  sen 
.  PhalUtncylo'aie,  Phallocamp' aia,  Chorda, 
Chorda' to.  Gonorrhoea.  A  painful  affection  of 
the  penis,  attending  gonorrhoea,  and  happening 
chiefly  at  night.  It  occurs  when  the  violence  of 
the  inflammation  is  such,  that  the  urethra  cannot 
expan  1  as  much  as  the  corpora  cavernosa  during 
erection,  and  consequently  the  glans  seems  pain- 
folly  drawn  downwards.  The  application  of  cold 
water  topically,  and  the  administration  of  opium 
internally,  palliate  it. 

CHORE'A,  Cfi.  Snncti  Viti  seU  Saneti  Modes' ti 
ecu  geeticulnto'riaf  Choromu'nia,  Syn'olonue  eal- 
ipndia'tia  apaetica,  from  gapeta,  '  ■  dance  f 
sometimes  called  Scelutyr'be\8.  Tamntimnue,  Viti 
Saltna,  Sa/ta'tia  Sam  ti  Viti,  BaUU'mne,  Con- 
v>ir»i<>  habittta'lia,  Siph'ita  prava,  Syn' clonus 
'  '■  Myotyr'bi,  Chnreoma'nia,  Oreheatroma'- 
vi'i.  Epilepe'ia  Saltato'ria,  Morhna  SaltaU/riua 
timlato'rina  Ben  Laaci'me,  Hieran'oane,  St. 
Yitna't  Dance,  Viper' a  Dance,  I ause  tbe  more- 
men  ts  resemble  dancing;  K.)  Chorie,  Dane*  rf< 
Baimt  Witt,  Dnnex  •/■   St.  Gi  v.      I 

U  B  : — irregular  and  involuntary  motions  of 
one  or  more  limbs,  and  of  the  face  and  trunk.  It 
is  a  disease  which  usually  occurs  before  puberty  ; 
generally  connected  with  torpor  of  the 
system,  and  of  the  digestive  organs  in  particular. 
It>  duration  is  long,  bul  it  Is  usually  devoid  of 
danger;  although  frequently  but  little  under  the 
control  of  medicine.    The  spasms  do  nut  cuutiuuc 


during  sleep.  The  indications  of  treatment  are: 
to  strengthen  the  general  system,  and  stimulate 
the  intestinal  canal.  Purgatives,  once  or  twice 
a  week,  and  chalyheates,  with  appropriate  regi- 
men, will  fulfil  tfa 

CHOREA,  CHR0NK  c.    Faciei,    Tic — c. 

Gesticulatoria,  Chorea  —  c.  Partial,  see  Tic  —  c 
Saneti  Modesti,  Cb  incti  Valentiui,  Ta- 

rantismus— c  Saneti  Viti,  Chorea. 

I  EORME,  Chorea. 

CHORE'GIA,  from  -^onoq,  'a  troop  of  dancers 
and    singers.'  and    ayw.   '  I    lead.4      Hip] 
nses   this   t.rm   for  the   whole    of   the   apparatus 
ry  for  a  physician  or  Burgeon. 

CHOREOMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHORIODEI'TIS,  ChorioideVti*,  ChorioTdi'. 
tie,  Chordidi'tia,  (P.)  Chordidite,  from  xopoattjs, 
'the  choroid,'  and  rTia.  Inflammation  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye. 

0H0RI0DE8,  Choroid. 

CHORIOIDEA,  choroid. 

CHORIOIDES,  Choroid. 

CIIO'RION,  ^opiov.  'skin,'  from  xwpciv,  'to 
contain,' include:  [?]  Camie'ia  Fatua  :  the  chemiae 
or  shirt  of  the  foetus  in  utero.  A  thin,  transpa- 
rent membrane,  formerly  confounded  with  the 
decidua,  which  surrounds  the  foetus  in  utero  on 
every  side,  and  appears  to  lie  developed  from 
nucleated  cells  formed  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
Some  bistologists,  however,  consider,  that  it 
exists  in  the  ovary.  The  general  opinion  is,  that 
it  is  formed  as  above  described  ;  and  perhaps,  also, 
from  the  zona  pellucida,  which  disappears  in  tho 
tube.  In  the  uterus,  villous  prolongations  are 
formed  on  its  surface,  which  have  given  it.  with 
more  recent  writers,  the  name  'ahaggy  chorion.' 
These  villi  are  probably  the  agents  of  the  ab- 
sorption of  nutritive  matter  furnished  from  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 

By  many  anatomists,  the  chorion  is  considered 
to  be  formed  of  two  layers;  the  outer,  called  by 
Burdacb  Exocho'rion  :  the  inner,  Endocho'rion. 
By  others,  the  distinction  of  laminSB  is  denied. 
It  is  exterior  to  the  amnion. 

Chorion  also  means  the  true  skin.    See  Cdtis. 
ih>,  the  Zona  pellucida  is  so  called. 

Chorion  Funoosum,  Decidua — c.  Reticulatum, 
Decidua — c.  Shaggy,  see  Chorion  and  Decidua— 
c.  Spongiosum,  see  Decidua — e.  Spongy,  see  De- 
cidua — c.  Tomentosum,  see  Decidua. 

CHORIONITIS.     Induration  of  the  Cellular 

(  11OR0TD,  ChoroVdeus,  Choroi'des,  Chorioi'- 
dee,  Ghorio'dea  from  x°fl0Vf  ' tne  chorion.'  and 
uiost  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Several  parts  are 
so  called,  which  resemble  the  chorion  in  the 
multitude  Of  their  vessels. 

Choroid  Misci.i:,  Ciliary  muscle. 

Choroid  Plbxus,  Pl-exua  chordi'dt*  sen  do. 
rof'detu  seu  retictda'ria,  Vermel  eer'ebH.  Two 
membranous  and  vascular  duplicatures  of  tho 
pia  mater,  situate  in  the  lateral  ventricles. 
They  are  fixed  to  the  Tela  choroid  en  by  oi  • 
and  are  loose  and  floating  at  the  other. 

oiiika  Tela,  Plexua  choroid***  medituj, 
(F.)  Toile  chordldienne.  A  kind  of  rasculo* 
membranous  prolongation  of  the  pia  mater, 
which  lines  the  lower  surface  of  the  fornix  united 
with  the  corpus  callosum.  It  is  stretched 
the  third  ventricle  ami  covers  (he  posterior  com- 
missure and  corpora  quadrigemina.  Anteriorly, 
the  tela  cboroidea  is  continuous  with  the  plexus 
ohoroides. 

Ciiom.i'iiKA  seu  Ciioiuoi'iu:  \  Ti  'm.  \,  ('!,. 
Membra' no,  or  simply  the  Choroid,  Tu'nica  tae- 
culo'aa  sen  acini form'ia  sen  rhngo'i'dta  Oculi,  (F.) 
Membrane choroi'de,  Choroide.  A  thin  membrane, 
of  u  very  dark  colour,  which  lines  the  sclerotica 


CHORO'I'DE 


202 


CHRYSOCHALCOS 


internally.  The  part  behind  the  iris  is  called 
Uvea.  It  ia  situate  between  the  sclerotica  and 
retina,  has  an  opening,  posteriorly,  for  the  pas- 
sage of  the  optic  nerve;  and  terminates,  ante- 
riorly, at  the  great  circumference  of  the  iris, 
where  it  is  continuous  with  the  ciliary  processes. 
According  to  Ruysch,  the  choroid  consists  of  two 
layers,  to  the  innermost  of  which  his  son  gave  the 
name  Tu'nica  seu  Membra'na  Ruy*chia'na,  M. 
chorio-capi/la' ris,  (F.)  Membrane  Ruyxchienne. 
The  internal  surface  of  the  membrane  is  covered 
with  a  dark  pigment,  consisting  of  several  layers 
of  pigment  cells,  called  Pigmeu'ttim  nigrum, 
Stratum  jiigmen'ti.  OphthalmoehroVtes,  JEthiops 
animal.  Mcla'iiie,  Melanin  e,  Matiere  ou  Principe 
de  la  Melanose,  (F.)  Enduit  choroidien.  Its  use 
seems  to  be,  to  absorb  the  rays  of  light  after  they 
have  traversed  the  retina. 

Choroide^e  Ven^e,  Vena  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Veiues 
chordidiennea.  Two  veins,  that  creep  along  the 
tela  choroidea  :  into  which  almost  all  those  of 
the  lateral  ventricles,  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
cerebellum,  of  the  pineal  gland,  and  the  corpora 
quadrigemina  open.  The  Venae  Galeni  open  into 
the  sinus  quartus  or  fourth  si?itts. 

CH OROIDE,  GEINTURE  BLANCHE  DE 
LA,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Commissure  de  la,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

CHOROIDITIS,  Choriodeitis. 

CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation  of 
the  choroid  and  retina. 

CHOROMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHOSES  COXTRE  NATURE,  Res  contra 
naturam  —  c.  Xaturelles,  lies  naturales  —  c.  non 
Natnrelles,  Res  non  naturales. 

CHOSIS.  Arenatio. 

CHOU,  Brassica  —  c.  Cabns,  Brassica  capitata 
—  c.  Create,  Sauer  Kraut  —  c.  Fleur,  Brassica 
Florida,  Cauliflower  excrescence — c.  Marin,  Con- 
volvulus soldanella  —  c.  Navet,  Brassica  rapa  — 
c.  Pomme,  Brassica  capitata — c.  Potager,  Brassica 
— c.  Roquette,  Brassica  eruca. 

CHOWDER,  a  favorite  New  England  dish, 
made  of  fish,  pork,  onions,  and  biscuit,  stewed 
together. 

In  Devonshire,  England,  chowder  is  a  fish- 
seller. —  Halliwell.  In  the  west  of  England 
chowder  beer  is  a  liquor  made  by  boiling  black 
spruce  in  water,  and  mixing  it  with  molasses. — 
Webster. 

CHREMMA,  Sputum. 

CHREMPSIS.  Exspuition. 

CHRISIS,  from  XPlU)>  'I  anoint.'  The  action 
of  anointing.     Inunction. 

CHRISMA,  same  etymon.  The  act  of  anoint- 
ing. The  salve  or  liniment  used,  Chrism,  Creme. 
Prurigo. 

CHRISTI  MANUS.  Troches  prepared  from 
refined  sugar  boiled  in  rose-water  with  or  without 
prepared  pearls. 

CHRISTOPHER.  HERB,  Actfea  spicata. 

CHRISTOPHORIANA  SPICATA,  Actsea 
spicata. 

CHRISTOS,  xPt(TT°S'  from  XPlU)>  '•*  anoint.' 
Any  medicine  applied  under  the  form  of  liniment 
or  ointment. 

CHROA,  Chrcea,  Chmma.  Colour  in  general. 
The  surface  of  the  body.     The  skin. 

CHROMA.  Chroa. 

CHROMATISME,  Aberration  of  refran<n- 
bility. 

CHROMATOGP'ENOUS,  from  xP<*t"*>  XP^a- 
to;.  '  colour,'  and  yew  aw,  '  I  make.' 

Chromatog"enous  Appara'tus.  A  supposi- 
titious glandular  apparatus  for  producing  the 
colouring  matter  of  the  skin,  composed  of  a 
glandular  or  secreting  parenchyma,  situate  a  little 
below  the  papillte,  and  presenting  special  excre- 


tory ducts,  which  pour  out  the  colouring  matter 
on  the  surface  of  the  true  skin. — Breach et. 

C II R  0  M  A  T  0  M  E  T  A  B  L  E  P  S I  A,  A chro- 
ma tonsia. 

CiiROMATOPHO'BIA,  from  xPWf  Xpuuaros, 
'colour,'  and  6oj3os,  'dread.'  Morbid  sensibility 
to  certain  colours. 

CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

CIIROMATOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHROMIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Chro'micum,  (F.) 
Acide  chromique.  Obtained  by  crystallization 
from  a  mixture  of  bichromate  of  potassa,  and 
oil  of  vitriol.  It  has  been  used  as  an  escharolie 
in  external  hemorrhoids. 

CHROMIDRO'SIS,  from  xpu^a,  'colour,'  and 
'iSpwg,  '  sweet.'  Abnormous  coloration  of  the  per- 
spiratory secretion. 

CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chroma  top' eia, 
Chrotop'sia.  Chrup'sia,  Crop'sia,  Vitus  color  a' tits, 
Suffu'sio  cola'  rans,  Ghroop'sy,  Chromop'sy,  I  rides' - 
cent  vision,  from  Xpiojua,  'and  o\l<s,  'vision.'  A 
state  of  vision  in  which  a  colored  impression,  as 
of  the  rainbow,  is  made  on  the  retina.  Said  to 
be  occasionally  observed  in  jaundice. 

CHRONIC,  Chron'icus,  Chro'nins,  Po/ychro'- 
nius,  fnrefera'tus.  Anti'qnus,  (F.)  Chroniquc,  from 
Xcovos,  'time.'     Of  long  duration. 

Chkoxic  Diseases,  Jforbi  chron'ici,  Maero- 
nos'ia,  Macro' si  a,  (F.)  Maladies  Chroniquc*.  are 
those  whose  duration  is  long,  or  whose  symptoms 
proceed  slowly.    The  antithesis  to  chronic  is  acute. 

CHRONIC"ITY,  Chronic"itas,  (F.)  Chroniciti. 
The  state  of  a  chronic  malady. 

CHRONIQUE,  Chronic. 

CHRONO,  from  xp<>v°s<  'time.'  A  prefix  to 
terms  denoting  inflammation  of  a  part,  to  show 
that  such  inflammation  is  chronic. — Piorry. 

CHRONOGYNIA,  Menstruation. 

CHROXO-HEPATLTE,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

CHROXO-XEPHRITE,  Nephritis  (chronic.) 

CHRONO-THERMAL,  from  X90V°s>  'time,' 
and  Sep/in  'heat.'  Relating  to  time  and  tempe- 
rature. An  epithet  given  to  a  fanciful  '  system' 
by  Dr.  Samuel  Dickson,  which  maintains,  that 
there  can  be  no  increase  or  diminution  of  tempe- 
rature without  motion  ;  no  motion  without  time; 
that  motion  consists  in  attraction  and  repulsion  ; 
that  attraction  and  repulsion  are  peculiar  to  elec- 
tric action;  and  hence,  that  medicines  must 
change  the  motions  of  the  system,  and  be  electri- 
cal in  their  operation. 

CHROOPSY,  Chromopsia. 

CHROTOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRUPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRYSALEA,  Nitro-muriatic  acid. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Calendula  officinalis. 

Chrysan'themim  Leucax'thempm.  from  xpv- 
aos,  'gold,'  and  avS-euov,  'a  flower.'  The  Ox-eye 
daisy,  Daisy,  Whiteweed,  Goldens,  Maudlin  wort, 
Bellis  major  seu  prateu'sis,  Bupthal'mum  mains, 
Leucan'themum  vulga're  seu  Bellidioi'des,  Ma- 
trica'ria,  Consol'ida  media,  Oc'ulus  Boris,  (F.) 
Chrysantheme,  Chrysene,  Grand  Marguerite  des 
pres.  Ord.  Compositor.  The  flowers  and  herb  are 
slightly  acrid;  and  were  once  used  in  pulmonary 
diseases. 

Chrysanthemum  Parthenium,  Matricaria  par- 
thenium. 

CHRYSE,  from  xpv<70^  '  gold-'  The  name  of 
a  yellow  plaster,  described  by  Paulus  of  iEgina, 
and  composed  of  thus,  alum,  lead,  colophony, 
resin,  oil,  and  orpiment,  boiled  in  vinegar. 

CHR  YSENE, Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

CHRYSITIS.  see  Plumbi  oxidum  semivitreum. 

CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI,  see  Myristica 
moschata. 

CHRYSOCALTS.  Matricaria. 

CHRYSOCHALCOS,  Brass. 


CIIRYSOCOLLA 


203 


CIIYMIATRIA 


CHRYSOCOLLA,  Borax. 

CHRYSOCOM  i,  Millefolium. 

OHRYSOLACHANUM,    Chenopodiuin  bonus 
Henr 

:.  I  rHUS,   '  from  xPvao*- 

and  \iiut,  'stone.'  A  precious  Btoue,  of 
i  colour,  regarded  by  the  ancients  m  ear- 
phalic,  .v  o. 

CHRYSOMBLIA,  Me  citrus  anrantiam. 

C H R YSOPH Y LL U  M      B  I  11  A  N  11  E  M, 

CHRYSOPHYL'LUM  C  ^rNITO,rrotnjflw«n>s, 
Cainito,   Si 


•Inn,    Broad-leaped    Star-t 


',"!' 


A   tree   of  the 


Antilles,  Ord.  Sapntaceso,  which  produces  one 
of  the  best  fruits  of  t tie  country.  There  are  seve- 
ral varieties  of  it. 

CHRTS  'I'HVU.t  m  GLTCTPHLJRUlf,  Monesia. 

CHRYSOPUS,  Cambogia. 

CHRYSOS,  G  .1.1. 

C  HRYSOSPE  It  MUM,  Sempervivum  teetorum. 

CHRYZA  FIBR  IUREA.  Coptis. 

CHTHONOPHA'GLA,  Cachexia  Africa'nn, 
Mala'cia  sen  Pica  Africano'rnm,  Leucophlegma'- 
.h'l/iin'juiiii.  Dirt-eating,  (F.) 
MaioVEstomae  from  v',J1'-  'earth.'  and  -.  ayw,  *I 
cat.'  A  disorder  ot'  the  nutritive  functions  ob- 
served amongst  the  Degrees  of  the  Smith  and  of 
the  West  Indies,  in  which  there  is  an  irresistible 
de-ire  to  eat  dirt.      It  is  accompanied  by  luost  of 

Q  the  Orinoco,  and  the  natives 
of  portions  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory,  are 
Chtkonoph'agi  or  'earth  eaters.'  The  earth  is  a 
furm  of  steatite. 

•  ill".  Vhnn  or  Chun,  %ov{,  Choc  us.  A  liquid 
measure  amongst  the  Greeks,  answering  to  the 
Oongitu  of  the  Romans,  and  containing  six  Bex- 
tani.  <>r  twelve  Attic  cotyhe,  or  nine  pints. — 
Galen. 

(  BUMOSI8,  Them. 

CHURNMILK,  Buttermilk. 

CHURRUS,  Bee  Bangue. 

CHUTE,  Prolapsus  —  c.  da  Fondement,  Proc- 
tocele— e.de  In  Matrice,  Procidentia  uteri — c.  des 
-  ■••  Parturition  —  c.  du  Rectum,  Proctocele. 

CHYLAIRE,  Chylous. 

CHYLAR,  Cbyl 

CHYLARION,  < 

CHYLE,  ''In// us,  Succus  nutrit"ius,  from  ^rw, 
Iflow.'  The  word,  in  Hippocrates, menna  Tisane 
•I  Decoction  of  BarUy,  Chyla'rion,xy\apiov.  Ga- 
len first  used  it  in  its  present  seuse; — Le. for  a 
nutritive  fluid,  extracted  by  intestinal  absorp- 
tion, from  food  which  has  been  subjected  to 
ion  of  the  digestive  organs.  It  is  of  a 
whitish  appearance;  and  is  formed  from  the  thyme 
in  the  duo  lenum,  and  the  rest  of  the  small  intes- 
tines, by  the  chyliferous  vessels,  which  arise  at  the 
mucous  surface  of  the  intestine.  Along  these  it 
through  the  mesenteric  glands  to  the  tho- 
:  I  tot,  and  is  finally  poured  into  the  left  sub- 

clavian. It  is  composed,  like  the  blood,  of  a  fluid 
— liquor  chyli — and  of  Chyle  corpuscles  or  ylo- 
hnl>H,  the  average  u  is  about 1-dGOUth 

of  an  inch.     B  ••■  Chyme. 

Chtlb  Corpuscles,  see  Chyle. 

<'ii  vi.r.r  v.  Chvlous, 

CHYLIF'EROUS,  Ohy'li/er,  Chylif'erus,  Chy- 
toph'oi  .  from  (-Influx,-  chyle,'  and 

irry.'    Chyl< 
Chti 
'  Via  chyli)  laetea,    Vasa 

lite    chyli/i 
y    the    chyle    from 
the  in-  the  thoracic  duet     They  have 

al-.i  I n  called  galactoph'orous  >■■ 

rLIPlCATION,    Ch     fica'tio,     CkyWsis, 
Prapara'tio    chyli,    from    chyluv, 


'  chyle,'  and  make.'     Formation  of 

chyle  during  the  digestive  processes.     It 
times,  been  applied  to  the  changes  produced  on 
the  aliment  in  the  small  intestine  :   but  is  now 
restricted  to  the  act  .if  forming  chyle  at  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  chyliferous  vessels. 

CHI  LINK.  Cyclamen. 

CHYLISMA,  Succus  expressus. 

CHYLIS'MUS,  from  \uA05,  'juice.'     The  act 
gsinc  the  juice  of  vegetables, 

CHYLOCYSTIS,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CHI  LODES,  CI 

CHYLODIABETES,  Chyluria. 

CHYLODIARRHCEA,  Coeliac  flux, 

CHYLODOCHIUM,  Receptacnlum  chyli. 

OHYLOG'RAPHY,  from  jrwXas,  'chyle,'  and 
yaa<pn<  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  anu- 
tomy,  Ac,  of  the  chyliferous  vessels. 

CHYLOPOESIS,  Chylification. 

CHYLOPOET'IC,  Chylopott'icus,  Chylopoins, 
from  ^i'Ao?.  •  chyle,'  and  -ouw.  '  J  make.'  Re- 
lating to  or  connected  with  the  formation  of  chyle. 
Chiefly  applied  to  the  organs  immediately  con- 
cerned in  it  ;  as  the  stomach,  intestines,  omenta, 
ami  mesentery.  Assistant  Chylopoetic:  —  ap- 
plied to  viscera  which  aid  in  the  formation  of 
chyle,  as  the  liver  ami  pancreas. 

CHYL0RRHO3A,  Coeliac  flux  — c.  Pectoris, 
Chylotborax  —  c.  Renalis,  Chyluria  —  c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CHYLOSTS,  Chylification. 

CHY  LOSTAG'MA  I)  I A  P II 0  R  E  T'l  C  D  M 
MINDERE'RI.  (xv^os,  •juice,'  and  orafa,  'I 
distil.')  A  compound  prepared  by  distilling  the 
theriac  o/Andromachus,  the  mithridate  of  D&mo- 
crates,  and  other  alexipharmics,  Ac.  It  is  nearly 
the   same   preparation  as  the  A^ua    Theriaca'lia 

■Urn. 

CHY LOTHO'R  A X,Pleurorrhce'a  nhylo'sa, Chy- 
lorrhce'a  Pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax  chyfo'svs  ;  from 
^iAoj,  '  chyle."  and  0wpa£,  *  the. chest. ' — Effusion 

of  chyle  into  the  chest,  owing  to  the  rupture  of  a 
chyliferous  vessel. 

CHYLOUS,  Chylar,  Chylo'sus  sen  Chyla'ris, 
ChyWdes,  (F)  Chyleux,  Chylaire.  Relating  to 
the  chyle:  or  having  some  analogy  to  that  fluid. 

CHYLTJ'RIA,  Diabe'tes  lac'teusien  chylo'sus, 
Chylodiube'tes,  Galactu'ria,  Fluxus  cceliacus  pf-r 
Pyn'ria  lac'tea  sen  Chylo'sa,  Cceliaca  uri- 
na'lis  sen  renu'lis,  Chylorrhora  urina'lis  sen  re- 
na'lis,  from  xv^°s>  '  chyle,'  and  ovpov,  '  urine.'  1  F.) 
Diabe'te  chyleux.  A  discharge  of  milky  urine, 
without  any  apparent  lesion  of  the  kidneys  or 
bladder. 

CHYLFS,  Chyle,  Decoction,  Succus. 

CHYME,  (Thymus,  ^v/io?,  'juice,'  from  xvu)'  'I 
flow.'  The  pulp,  formed  by  the  food,  mixed  with 
the  supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric  secretions, 
after  it  has  been  for  some  time  in  the  stomach. 
In  this  it  continues  until  it  reaches  the  biliary 
and  pancreatic  duets,  which  open  into  the  duo- 
denum, where  the  conversion  into  chyle  occur-:, 
which  is  absorbed  by  the  obylifi  rous  vessels. — tho 
excrementitious  portion  of  the  food  traversing  the 

large  intestine  t.>  be  evacuated  j><  r  auut 
tolli  asserts,  that  Chyme  and  Chyle  were  used  in 
an    opposite    .sense   by   the   ancients,    to   that   ac- 
cept.'.1  at  present. 

CHYMI,    Humours'. 

CHYMIA,  Chymistry  —  0.  Organ ica,  Cbymis- 
try.  organic — 0.  Pharraaceutioa,  see  Chymistry. 

CHYMIA'TBR,  Chimia'ter,  Chemia'ter,  from 
X^fitia  or  ^»7/i£ja,  '  chymistry.'  and  iarj  »y,  '  a  phy- 
Bioian,'  Tatro-chym'icus.     A  chemical  physician. 

CHYMI  \Tl:r  \.      Ckimiatri'a,     Chemiatri'a, 
fatro-chewti'a,  ifedici'na  spagyr'ica,  Are  Chymi~ 
at'rica,  (F.)  Ckimidtrie,  Chimisme  (of  som< 
Xvutt'i  or  X'Wa"'  'chymistry,'  and  tarptia,  '  cure.' 
The  art  of  curing  by  chemical  means. 


CIIYMICAL 


204 


CICERBITA 


CHYM'ICAL,  Chem'icnl,  Chem'icus,  Chemo'- 
ticu8.  A  medicine  formed  by  the  aid  of  chyuiis- 
try,  in  contradistinction  to  Galenical. 

CllYM.'lCO-IUSTOL'0(}Y,Chym'ico-histolog'- 
ia,  Chem'ico-hwtoVogy.  The  doctrine  of  the  or- 
ganic chemistry  and  morphology  of  tissues. 

CHYMICOPHANTA,  Chymist. 

CllYMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHYMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHYMIFICA'TION,  Chymifica'tio,  Chymo'- 
8>8,  from  xvl*os>  'juice,'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
Formation  of  chyme. 

CII  Y  M I S  M,  Chymism'us,  Chemism'us,  (F.) 
Chimisme.  The  abuse  of  chymistry  in  its  appli- 
cation to  the  science  of  organized  bodies.  By 
some  used  synonymously  with  Chymiatria.  Also, 
an  accouut  of  the  chemical  phenomena  apper- 
taining to  a  function — as  the  chemismus  of  respira- 
tion. 

CIIYM'IST,  Chem'ist,  Chem'icus,  Chymico- 
phati'ta,  Chym'icus,  (F.)  Ghimiste  ou  Ghymiste. 
One  acquainted  with  chymistry.  In  Great  Bri- 
tain it  has,  also,  the  signification  of  "  one  who 
sells  chemicals." 

CHYMISTE,  Chymist. 

CHYM'ISTRY,  Chem'istry,  Chemi'a,  Chymi'a, 
Chimi'a,  Chemeu'tice,  Cheviot' ice,  Philosoph'ia  per 
ignem,  Spagy'ria,  Pyrotech'nia,  Pyrosoph'ia,  Ars 
her  met'  ica  seu  mayo' rum  seu  separato'ria  seu  spa- 
gyr'ica,  Archima'yia,  from  ^v/aos,  'juice,'  or  from 
Arab,  chema,  '  a  secret.'  (F.)  Chimie  ou  Chymie. 
A  branch  of  the  natural  sciences,  whose  object 
is  to  investigate  the  nature  and  properties  of 
bodies,  simple  and  compound,  inorganic  and 
organized  ;  and  to  study  the  force  or  power,  by 
virtue  of  which  every  combination  is  effected.  It 
investigates  the  action  between  the  integrant  mo- 
lecules or  atoms  of  bodies. 

Organ' ic  Chemistry,  Chymi'a  organ' ica,  Organo- 
chemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  organized  substances, 
—  animal  and  vegetable.  Animal  Chym'istry, 
Zooch'emy  or  Zooch'ymy,  Zoochemi'a,  is  the  chy- 
mistry of  substances  afforded  by  the  dead  or  living 
animal  body.  This  branch  of  chymistry  has  been 
farther  subdivided  into  physiological,  when  it  con- 
siders the  changes  produced  in  organized  bodies 
in  health, — pathological,  when  it  regards  those 
produced  by  organic  or  other  diseases.  Anthro- 
poch'ymy,  Anthropochemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of 
the  human  body.  Chymistry  is  called  Therapeu'- 
tical  or  Pharmaceutical,  Pharmaco-chymi'a,  Chy- 
mi'a pharmaceu'tica,  when  it  is  engaged  in  the 
analysis  of  simple  medicines;  in  improving  the 
prescribing  and  preparing  of  chemical  and  Galeni- 
cal medicines;  in  the  means  of  preparing  them, 
and  detecting  adulterations,  <fcc.  Hygien'ic  Chym'- 
istry is  that  which  is  applied  to  the  means  of 
rendering  habitations  healthy,  of  analyzing  the 
air  we  breathe,  preventing  the  occurrence  of  dis- 
ease, pointing  out  healthy  aliments,  and  apprecia- 
ting the  influence  of  professions,  &c,  on  the  health 
of  man.  All  these  different  subdivisions,  with 
vegetable  chymistry,  are,  at  times,  included  un- 
der the  head  of  Medical  Chym'istry,  Phytochy- 
mistry  ;  at  others,  the  term  comprehends  only  the 
Animal,  Vegetable  and  Pharmaceutical  subdivi- 
sions. Vital  Chemistry,  Biochymi'a,  is  that  which 
is  exerted  under  the  influence  of  vitality.  His- 
toch'ymy,  Histochemi'a,  Histo-chem'istry,  is  the 
chemistry  of  the  tissues,  and  Phlegmatoch'emy, 
that  of  the  animal  humours,  (Lehmann). 

A  knowledge  of  chemistry  is  of  great  importance 
to  the  physician.  Many  of  the  functions  are  of 
a  chemical  nature :  many  diseases  require  a  che- 
mical mode  of  treatment;  and,  without  an  ac- 
quaintance with  it,  two  or  more  substances  might 
be  given  in  combination,  which,  by  forming  a 
chemical  union,  might  give  rise  to  other  com- 
pounds, possessing  very  different  virtues  from  the 


components  taken  singly,  and  thus  the  prescriber 
be  disappointed  in  the  results. 

Chyjiistry,  Animal,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Hy- 
gienic, see  Chymistry — c.  Medical,  see  Chymis- 
try— c.  Organic,  see  Chymistry — c.  Pharmaceu- 
tic, see  Chymistry  —  c.  Therapeutical,  see  Chy- 
mistry —  c.  Vegetable,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Vital, 
see  Chymistry. 

CHYMOCHEZIA,  Coeliac  flux. 

CHYMOPLA'NIA,  (G.)  C  hym  oplanien, 
Dyschymosen,  from  xu/koj,  'juice,'  and  ttXuj/ij, 
'wandering.'  A  transposition  of  secretions  :  —  a 
family  of  diseases  in  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
which  includes  icterus,  uroplania,  menoplania 
and  galactoplania. 

CHYMORRIIOSA,  Coeliac  flux,  Lientery. 

CHYMOSIN,  Pepsin. 

CHYMOSIS,  Chemosis,  Chymification. 

CHYMOUS,  Chymo'sus,  (F.)  Chymeux.  Re- 
lating to,  or  resembling  chyme. 

CHYMOZEMIA,  Hvpercrinia. 

CHYTLEN,  RADIX.  A  cylindrical  root,  bitter 
land  inodorous,  brought  from  China.  It  is  held 
by  the  Chinese  to  be  stomachic. — Murray. 

CHYT'LON,  %vt\uv,  from  xvu>>  '  ■"■  Pour  out.' 
A  liquid  formerly  used  for  rubbing  the  body  after 
bathing. 

CIBARIUM,  Aliment. 

CIBARIOUS,  Esculent. 

CIBA'RIUS  PAXIS,  '  Coarse  bread.'  Bread 
made  of  second  flour. — Celsus. 

CLBA'TIO.  Trophe.  The  taking  of  food.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  is  the  same  as  Incorporation. 

CIBUS,  Aliment — c.  Albus,  Blaucmangcr — c. 
Deorum,  Asafcetida. 

CICA  TRICE,  Cicatrix. 

CICATRICES  OVARIORUM,  Stigmata  ova- 
riorum. 

CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Cicatrix.  A 
sm a  11  cica'trix,  Stigma,  (F.)  Cicatricule.  The 
term  is,  also,  applied  to  a  small  white  spot,  called 
the  tread,  chal'aza,  chala'zium,  observable  at  the 
surface  of  a  fecundated  egg.     See  Molecule. 

CICATRISAX'TIA,  Epnlot'ica,  Synulot'ica, 
Apulot'ica,  Catulot'ica,  Ulot'ica,(F.)  Cicatrif<ants. 
Remedies  formerly  considered  to  be  capable  of 
producing  cicatrization. 

CICA'TRIX,  Caica'trix,  Vie,  Onle,  Cic'atrice, 
from  ccecare,  'to  conceal,'  because  it  conceals  the 
the  wound.  (F.)  Cicatrice.  A  scar.  A  seam, 
(Sc.)  Arr.  The  union  of  parts,  which  have  been 
divided.  A  scar  or  formation,  of  a  reddish  colour, 
afterwards  whitish,'  and  of  variable  thickness, 
which  takes  place  at  the  surface  of  wounds  or 
ulcers  after  their  cure.  A  cicatrix  may  vary  much 
in  shape,  consistence,  and  thickness.  The  cica- 
trix of  a  bone  is  called  Callus.  A  vic"ious  cica'- 
trix, (F.)  Cicatrice  vicieuse,  is  one  which  inter- 
feres with  the  action  of  the  parts  on  which  it 
occurs.  The  scars,  (F.)  Ooutures,  after  small-pox, 
are  called  Pits  or  Pock-marlcs,  (Sc.)  Pock-arrs, 
(F.)  Coutures  par  la  petite  verole.    See  Pock-mark. 

Cicatrix  Variola,  Pock-mark. 

CICATRIZA'TIOX,  Oicatrisa'tio,  Epulo'sis, 
Synulo'sis.  The  process  by  which  a  cicatrix  is 
formed.  Every  tissue,  except  the  nails,  epider- 
mis, hair,  and  enamel  is,  probably,  capable  of 
cicatrization. 

CICELY,  SWEET,  Chserophyllum  odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza  longistylis,  Scandix  odorata. 

CICER  ARIETI'NUM.  The  Cicer  plant,  Ere. 
bin' thus,  (F.)  Cicerole,  Pois  Chiche,  Garva>ice, 
Pesette.  The  seeds  are  ground  into  flour,  and 
used  as  bread  in  some  countries. 

Cicer  Lens,  Ervum  lens. 

CI'CERA  TAR'TARI.  Small  pills  of  turpen- 
tine and  cream  of  tartar  —  of  the  size  of  a  vetch 
or  cicer. 

CICERBITA,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 


CICEROLE 


2  05 


CILIARY 


CTf'KROLK.  CieeT  arietinum. 

OICHO'RIUM  ENDIV'IA,  The  systematic 
Dame  of  the  Endive,  Endiv'ia,  Endi'va,  In'tnbum, 
Jii'ti/h'iui   [Antiq.),   Scan ola,    fu'tybus   horten'sis, 

.  Cicbo- 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  saqua- 
lis.     It  i.-  a  common  pot  herb,  and  is  eaten  as 
salad. 

Cicho'rium  Ir'ttbdb,  '".  In'tnbum 

errat'ienm.  matio  nam.'  of  the   Wild 

/  Gich'ory,  Ciek'ory,  Chic'ory,  Wild 
Endive,  Ambutei'a,  Heliotro'pion,  CntaHan'ei, 
Oieho'reum,  !'.  ChieorSe  sauvage.  It  is  bitter, 
nti'l  iraa  once  ^\\  en  as  a  tonic.  The  root,  r.eistcl 
and  ground,  is  often  aaed  instead  of,  or  mixed 
with,  coffee. 

CICHORY,  Cichorium  intybus— c.  Wild,  Cicho- 
rium  ii; 

('[('I.  Ricinus communis. 

NDE'LA,  Lam'pyris  Nnctiltt'cct,  Nited'- 
vbi.  The  Glow-worm,  (F.)  Ver  luiennt.  This 
insect  was  once  thought  to  be  anodyne  and  lithon- 
triptic. 

■•■■us  infeotoria. 

CICON'GIUSj  an  ancient  measure,  containing 

12   • 

QT  V.  Conium  macula  turn. 

ClCO'TA  AqUAT'ICA,  (7.  Vtro'sa,  Cicuta'rinaquat'- 

rian'drnm  cicu'ta,  Water  Hemlock,  Caw- 
fiti  aqnaiique  on  viremie,  Cievtaire 
aquatique.  Family,  Utnbelliferse.  Sex,  Syst, 
Pentandria  Digynia.  A  violent  poison,  often 
cater,  by  mistake  tor  Wild  Smallage,  Apium 
Qnxoeolenn,  It  produces  tremors,  vertigo,  burn- 
ing at  the  stomach,  and  all  the  symptoms 

by  the  Narcoti co-acrid  class  of  poisons. 
i  ■  i  v  M  v  ola'ta,  (P.)  Cigui  d'Amirique, 
American  water  hemlock,  American  Hemlock, 
■  ■ ./.  />■  ntJi  of  man,  Water  parsley,  Poison 
runt.  Wild  Hemlock,  Children's  bane,  Spotted 
Cbwbane,  is  analogous  in  botanical  character  and 
medical  properties  to  the  European  Bpeoies.  See 
Conium  maeulatnm. 

I  ■  .  \  Major,  Conium  maeulatum — c.  Major 
foetida,  Conium  maeulatum — e.  Stocrkii,  Conium 
maeulatum — e.  Terrestris,  Oonium  maeulatum  — 
c.  Virosa,  Cicata  aquatiea — e.  Vulgaris,  Conium 
maeulatnm. 

ciri  TAIRE  AQUATTQUE,  Cicata  aquatiea. 
CICDT  \  R  I  A.    Chserophyllum    sylvestrs  —  c. 
Aquati'-a.  Cicota  aquatiea,  Pbellandrium  aquati- 
cum — e.  Odorata,  Chmrophyllum  odoratam. 
CICUTINE,  see  Conium. 

CIDER,  Poma'ceum,  (V.)  Cidre.  This  word 
19  said  to  have  been  formerly  written  sidre,  and 
to  have  come  from  Sic'era,  atKtoa,  which  signifies 
any  kind  of  fermented  liqnor  other  than  wine. 
It  is  made  from  the  juice  of  apples,  and,  when 
good,  i-  n  w  h  ilesome  drink. 
CIDRE,  Cider. 

CIEROE  DE  XOTRE  DAME,  Verbascum 
tha]  - 

ClGAR',   Cigar'ru,  (S.)  Cigarro,  (¥.)  Cigare, 

A  small  tubularroll  of  tobacco,  used  for  smoking. 

Medic" inal  or  Med'icated  Cigars,  (F.)  Cigares 

Midicina\  r,  are  made  of  dried  plant-,  with,  or 

without,  the  addition  of  medicinal  articles.    When 

in  paper,  they  form  cigarettes,  which  may 

1  with  or  without  combustion,  as   in  the 

:    the   Cigarettes  de  Camphre.     The  Ciga- 

u '  -  ./■    Boudin  arc  made  of  paper 

:   with  an  aqueous  solution  of  arse- 

i cid,  or  of  arseniate  of  soda,  and  d 

CIGARETTE,   Bee  Cigar      e.     ' 

r—  e.  de  Cant}  I  igar. 

iARRA,  Cigar. 
CIGN1  5;  inancienl  measure,  which  contained 
about  two  drachm-. 


CIQX  rata   aquatiea —  c 

iii>-,  Ciouta  maculala— «.  d'Eau,  Pbellan- 

drium  aquaticum — c.  Grande,  Conium  maeulatum 

ium  macula tum- 
Coninm — e.  /'>  lite,  JSthusa  cynapium — e.  I 
i  aquatiea. 
CII.'IA  (singular  Cilinm),   Blephar'ides, 
cce'lides,  Pili  palpebrarum.     The  eyelashes, 
Winker*.      The    hairs   on    the   eyelid-. 

Their  use  Bcems  to  be,  to  prevent  the  entrance 

into  the  eve  of  ligbt  hoilics  flying  in  the  atmo- 
sphere: and  to  diminish,  in  certain  cases,  the  in- 
tensity of  light  Also,  the  tarsi.  .Also,  a  pecu- 
liar sort  of  moving  organs,  resembling  small 
hairs,  vi'bratory  or  vi'bratile  eiViu,  Cil'ia  vibra- 
to'ria,  (P.)  Cils  vibratils,  which  are  visible  with 
the  microscope  in  many  animals.  These  organs 
;irr  found  on  parts  of  the  body  which  are  habit- 
ually in  contact  with  water,  or  other  more  or  less 
fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion  in  these  fluids, 
impelling  them  along  the  surface  of  the  parts. 
Cilia  have  been  found  to  exist  in  all  vertebrated 
animals  except  fishes,  having  been  discovered  on 
the  respiratory,  uterine,  and  other  membranes 
of  mammalia,  birds,  and  reptile.-. 

The  terms  "vibratory  motion'*  and  ,teiliary 
motion"  have  been  used  to  express  the  pheno- 
mena exhibited  l>y  the  moving  cilia  :  and  it  is  pro- 
bable, that  this  motion  is  concerned  in  the  pro- 
gression of  fluids  along  the  membranes.  As  yot, 
the  motion  has  only  been  observed  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  outlets  of  canals. 

CILIAIRE,  Ciliary. 

CIL'IARY,  Cilia'ris,  (F.)  Ciliaire.  Relating 
to  the  eyelashes,  or  to  cilia.  This  epithet  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  different  parts,  which  enter 
into  the  structure  of  the  eye:  (Vein  the  resem- 
blance between  some  of  them  (the  ciliary  pro- 
cesses I  and  the  eyelashes. 

Ciliary  Ar'trribs,  Arte'ria  cilia'res,  (V.)  Ar- 
thres  eiliairest  These  are  furnished  by  the  oph- 
thalmic art.ry.  They  are  distinguished  into.  1. 
Short  or  posterior  [Art,  uviales — Chans-. 
40  in  number,  which  are  distributed  to  the  ciliary 
processes.  2.  Long,  [Art,  friennrs  of  Chauss..) 
two  in  Bomber,  which,  by  the  anastomoses  of 
their  branches,  form  two  arterial  circles  at  tho 
anterior  surface  of  the  iris:  and.  S.  The  anterior, 
Arte'ria  eilia'res  anterio'res  of  Haller,  the  num- 
ber of  which  is  variable.  These  pierce  the  scle- 
rotic a  few  lines  from  its  union  with  the  cornea; 
and  are  principally  distributed  to  the  iris. 

Ciliary  Bonr,  Corpus  Oifia're,  Nexns  Stamin'- 
<  us  Ot/nfi,  Coro'na  Oilia'rin,  Ciliary  Disc,  P.) 
Corps  ciliaire.  A  ring  of  the  choroid  surround- 
ing the  crystalline  in  the  manner  of  a  crown  ; 
placed  behind  the  iris  and  the  ciliary  circle.  It 
resembles  the  disk  of  a  radiated  flower,  and  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  ciliary  pi 
See  (  'iliary   .M  oscle. 

Ciliary  Canal,  Canal  of  Fonta'na.  A  small, 
extremely  narrow  circular  space,  forme, 1  between 
the  ciliary  circle,  the  cornea,  and  the  sclerotica. 
It  can  be  filled  with  injection,  and  it  is  not  cer- 
tain that  it  is  not  the  cavity  of  a  blood-vessel. 

ClLIART  ClRCLR,  Ciliary  ligament  —  c.  Disc, 
Ciliary  body — c.  Ganglion,  Ophthalmic  ganglion, 

Ciliary  Lio'avbmt,  C.  Circle  or  Ring,  Liga- 
men' turn  sen  Instertif'ium  cilia'ri  sen  Pridis, 
I'l,.,-, is  cilia'ris,  An'nulus  sen  Cir' cuius  Ben  Or- 
bic'ulus  cilia'ris,  A.  eellulo'sus,   Oom'missvr*  of 

lissure  de  ><>  '  %c 
Ligament  on  Cerele  ciliaire,  Cerdt  <l<  la  Cho- 
n.nl, .  Ceinture  l>l<tm)ii  ,/,  /,,  Choroids.  A  Bpecies 
..f  greyish  ring,  of  a  pulpy  consist)  nee,  situate 
between  the  ehoroid,  iris,  and  sclerotica.  The 
internal  surface  of  the  choroid  i-  uniform,  until 
it  approaches  within  ten  lines  and  a  half  of  tho 
edge  of  the  cornea;  here  a  dentated  line  is  ob- 


CILIATED 


2  or, 


CINCHONA 


served,  termed  orn  scrra'ta.  The  outer  surface 
presents  the  an'nulus  al'bidus  seu  gangliform'is, 
the  anterior  edge  of  which  unites  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  sclerotica  and  constitutes  the  cili- 
ary ligament. 

Cil'iaky  or  Tarsal  Margin  of  the  eyelids; 
(F.)  Jiord  ciliaire.  The  edge  in  which  the  cilia 
or  eyelashes  are  situate. 
Ciliary  Motion,  see  Cilia. 
Ciliary  Muscle,  Mus'cuhw  cilia'ris.  The 
part  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  ciliary  margin.  Also,  the  greyish, 
semi-transparent  structure  behind  the  ciliary 
ligament  and  covering  the  outside  of  the  ciliary 
body.  By  its  contraction  the  ciliary  processes, 
and  with  them  the  lens,  must  be  drawn  towards 
the  cornea.  It  appears  to  be  the  same  muscle  as 
the  Tensor  choroidece,  Pro'trahens  lentis,  or  cho- 
roid muscle  of  some  anatomists. 

Ciliary  Nerves  (Nerfs  Liens, — Chauss.),  (F.) 
Nerfs  clliaires.  These  are  12  to  16  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  nasal  nerve,  and  particu- 
larly from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion  ;  and  unite  in  two  fasciculi,  which  pass 
around  the  optic  nerve,  and  pierce  the  sclerotica 
near  the  entrance  of  that  nerve  into  the  eye. 
They  are  lost  in  the  ciliary  ligament. 
Ciliary  Plexus,  C.  Ligament. 
Ciliary  Proc"esses,  Processus  seu  Rad'ii 
seu  St  rice  cilia' res,  (F.)  Proces  ciliaires,  Rayons 
sous-iriens —  (Ch.).  Triangular  folds,  sixty  or 
eighty  in  number,  placed  at  the  side  of  each  other, 
and  radiating,  so  as  to  resemble  the  disk  of  a 
radiated  flower.  They  are  lodged  in  depressions 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  vitreous  humour.  The 
uses  of  these  processes  are  not  known. 
Ciliary  Ring,  Ciliary  ligament. 
Ciliary  Stride  are  numerous  pale,  radiated 
striae  in  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Corpus  cili- 
are,  but  so  covered  by  the  Pigmentum  nigrum  as 
not  to  be  distinctly  seen  till  the  paint  is  removed. 
The  ciliary  processes  are  formed  by  these  striae. 

Ciliary  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  ciliaires,  follow 
nearly  the  same  course  as  the  arteries.  In  the 
choroid  they  are  so  tortuous,  that  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  Vasa  vortico'sa.  They  open  into 
the  ophthalmic  vein. 

Ciliary  Zone,  Zona  seu  Zo'nnla  seu  Lam'ina 
Cilia'ris,  Membran'ula  Coro'ncB  Cilia'ris.  Under 
the  corpus  ciliare,  the  capsule  of  the  vitreous 
humour  sends  off  an  external  lamina,  which  ac- 
companies the  retina,  and  is  inserted,  with  it, 
into  the  forepart  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  a 
little  before  its  anterior  edge.  This  is  the  Zonula 
ciliaris,  Zonula  Zin'uii  or  Zonula  of  Zinn,  Co- 
ro'na  Cilia'ris,  Orbic'ulus  Cilia'ris.  It  is  of  a 
striated  appearance  and  circular  form,  and  assists 
in  fixing  the  lens  to  the  vitreous  humour. 

CIL'IATED,  Cilia'tus,  (F.)  Cilie,  from  cilia. 
Provided  with  cilia  —  as  "ciliated  epithelium," 
the  epithelium  to  which  vibratory  cilia  are  at- 
tached. 

CILIUM,  see  Cilia. 
CILLEMENT,  Nictation. 

CILLO.     A  name  given  by  some   authors   to 
those  whose  upper  eyelid  is  perpetually  tremu- 
lous ; — a  trembling,  which  in  some  cases  is  called 
Life's  blood.     "To  have  life's  blood  in  the  eye," 
in  other  words,  is  to  have  this  affection.     Vogel 
calls  it  Cillo'sis. 
CILLOSIS,  Cillo. 
CILS,  Cilia — c.  Vibratils,  see  Cilia. 
CIMEX,  C.   lectula'rius,  Acan'thia  lectula'ria, 
JToris.  Kopi$.     The  Bug  ;    Wall,  House  or  Bed  Bug 
or  Chinche.    (F.)  Punaise.    Six  or  seven  of  these, 
given  internally,  are  said  to  have  prevented  ague  ! 
There  is  scarcely  anything  which  is  sufficiently 
disgusting,  that  has  not  been  exhibited  for  this 


purpose,  and  with  more  or  less  success.    The  bug 
has  also  been  esteemed  emmenagogue. 

CIMICIFUCA,  Actaea  racemosa. 

CIMO'LIA  PURPURES'CEXS,  Terra  Sapo- 
na'ria  seu  Fullon'iea,  Fuller's  Earth.  A  com- 
pact bolar  earth,  emplo3red  in  the  arts.  Used  at 
times  as  a  cooling  application  to  inflamed  nip- 
ples, &c. 

Cimo'lia  Terra,  Cimo'lia  alba,  Citno'lus,  Smec- 
tis,  Smectris  ;  from  Ki/jwAoj,  an  island  in  the  Cre- 
tan Sea,  where  it  is  procured.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  astringent,  <fcc. — Scribonius  Largus, 
Pliny.     Probably,  the  same  as  the  last. ' 

CINA  CINA,  Cinchona  —  c.  Levantica,  Arte- 
misia Santonica. 

CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINABARIUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CIN'ABRA,  Grasus.  The  smell  of  a  he-goat. 
A  rank  smell,  like  that  of  the  armpit,  JJircus 
ala'rum. 

CINABRE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrura. 

CIN^EDIA,  Masturbation. 

CINARA  HORTENSIS,  Cynara  scolymus— c. 
Seolymus,  Cynara  scolymus. 

CINCHO'NA.  So  called  from  the  Spanish 
Viceroy's  lady,  the  Countess  de  Cinchon,  Avho 
was  cured  of  fever  by  it  at  Lima,  about  163S. 
Called  also  Cortex  seu  Pulvis  Jesuit'icus,  Jesuit's 
Bark  or  Powder,  Cortex  Patrum,  because  it  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  the  Jesuits;  also  Pul- 
vis Comitis'see  or  the  Countess's  Powder,  and  Car- 
dinal del  Lugo's  Powder,  Cortex  Cardina'lis  de 
Lugo,  because  he  introduced  it  at  Rome  ;  and  in 
France,  Talbor's  Powder  and  English  remedy, 
because  successfully  used  there  by  Sir  Robert 
Talbor,  who  kept  it  a  secret.  It  is  the  pharma- 
copceial  name  of  several  kinds  of  barks  from 
various  species  of  Cinchona,  from  the  western 
coast  of  South  America.  Order,  Cinchonaceas. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  Called,  also, 
Cortex,  Bark,  Peruvian  Bark,  Cortex  Chinee,  seu 
China,  Chinchi'na,  Palos  de  Calentura,  Kiua 
Kina,  (Bark  of  Barks,)  Kinki'na,  Cina  Cina, 
Quina  Quina,  Quinqui'na,  Magnum  Dei  donum, 
(F.)  Quinquina ;  and  in  Peru  Cascara  and  Cas- 
carilla.     See  Cascara. 

Cinchona  Amygdalifolta,  see  Cinchonae  cor- 
difoliae cortex — c.  Boliviana,  see  Cinchonae  cor- 
difoliae  cortex — c.  Calisaya,  see  Cinchonae  cordi- 
foliae  cortex  —  c.  Micrantha,  see  Cinchonas  cordi- 
foliae  cortex — c.  Officinalis  (Cortex  Flavus),  Cin- 
chonae cordifoliae  cortex  —  c.  Pallida,  Cinchonas 
lancifolias  cortex — c.  Ovata,  see  Cinchonas  cordi- 
foliae cortex  —  c.  Pitaya,  Pitaya  bark  —  c.  Pubes- 
cens,  see  Cinchonas  cordifoliae  cortex  —  c.  Sero- 
bicula,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — c.  of  Vir- 
ginia, Magnolia  glauca. 

Cincho'n^e  CariBje'jE  Cortex,  from  Exos- 
tem'ma  Caribai'um,  Caribce'an  or  Saint  Lucia 
Bark,  (F.)  JEcorce  de  Saint  Lucie,  Quinquina 
Piton,  from  Exoste'ma  floribitnd'um  ;  and  the 
Pitaya  Bark,  Quinquina  bi'color,  from  an  exos- 
tema  [?]  or  from  strychnos  pseudoquina  [?],  are 
useful  substitutes  for  the  cinchona  of  Peru.  These 
are  the  most  important  spurious  barks.  They 
contain  neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia. 

Cinchona  Cordifo'li^e  Cortex,  Cortex  flavus, 
Cinchona  officinalis  cortex  flavus,  China  rc'gia 
seu  Calisay'a,  Cortex  Chinee,  re' gins  seu  flavus 
seu  lu'tem,  Yelloio  Royal  or  Calisay'a  Bark, 
(F.)  Quinquina  jaune  ou  jaune  royal,  Calasaya. 
Odour  aromatic;  taste  strong,  bitter,  astringent. 
Not  rolled;  often  without  the  epidermis,  which 
is  very  thick  and  inert;  light,  friable;  fracture 
fibrous.  Active  principle  Quinia.  The  false  or 
spurious   Calisaya  barks  are   those   of  Cinchona 


CIXCIIOXIA 


CIXXAMOX 


i.   variety  Joeephiana;    ' '.    Boliviana,    C. 
unitii,  variety  rufinentie,    called,    in    Peru, 
carllln  Carabaya  —  the   Carabaya  bark  of  eom- 

tbiculata,   two   varietu ■-. 
bark  and  Bark  of  St.  Ann  ;  of  C.  pubetcene,  which 
fornix!  or  Artea  bark  ;  of  C.  micraii- 

thn  and  of  C  amygdaJifolia, 

I.  \s.  II  o'l  I  '  P<   '"- 

rin'iiiiH  seu  pal'lidut,  Cinchona  officina' lie  cortex 
com  in  u'  nit.     Cinchona    pallida.    Pale,     L 
Crown  Dark,  (P.)  Quinquina  g  .  CMia- 

g«tiu!    Orauye.      It-   odour   is   aromatic ;    taste 

r,  bitter,  and  astringent  The  pieces  arc 
rolled  in  double  <>r  single  quills.  Epidermis 
brown,  cracked;  Fracture  resinous.  Internally 
of  a  cinnamon  colour.  Its  active  principle  is 
( 'inchou  in. 

Cis.  bosm  Obi  oxoiro'i  i  ■  Cobtkz,  I 
ruber,  Cinchona  ofiicina'lii  cortex  ruber,  Red 
inquina  rot  .  Sp.)  (  <*>•(,,  illti  roxa 
and  ' '.  colorada,  of  S.  America.  Odour  and  taste 
the  same  as  the  pale,  but  mere  intense:  in  large 
flat  pieces,  Bolid,  heavy,  dry  :  fracture  Bhort  and 
smooth;  of  a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  Al- 
dus variety  of  bark  is  assigned  to  the 
i  ma  oblongifulia   by  some,  it  would  Beem, 

that  nothing  is  certainly  known  as  to  its  Bource. 
Active  principles,  Cinchonia  and  Quinia. 

::i>t  three  are  the  only  officinal  varieties 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.  There 
are  many  other  varieties,  however,  which  are 
genuine  cinchona  barks,  and  yet  have  not  been 
considered  worthy  of  an  officinal  position.  The 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admit.-,  indeed,  67»- 
ehona  cim  rea,  Grey  bark,  Silver  bark  or  Huanuco 
or  Lima  bark,  which  is  obtained  around  Huanuco 
in  IVru.  and,  with  the  Jaen  or  Aeh  bark  and  the 
Huamiliet  lark,  belongs  to  the  class  of  pale  or 
Loxa  barks.  Amongst  the  genuine  but  inferior 
barks  are  those  brought  from  the  northern  Atlan- 
tic ports  of  South  America,  which,  in  commerce, 
sre  variously  called  Pitayn,  Bogota,  Garthagena, 
Maracaybo,  and  Santa  Martha  bark*.  The  Bo- 
gota is  also  called  Fuea  gaauga  and  Couuetta 
b'u  ■/.■. 

All  these  harks  are  hitter,  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  febrifuge.  The  yellow  hark  has 
been  thought  equal  to  any  of  the  others,  but  the 
red  contains  more  active  principle.  The  discovery 
of  their  active  principles  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant gifts  of  modern  chymistry.     Still,  in  per- 

-  inter  mitten  ts,  the  hark,  in  substance,  is 
often  demanded.  It  is  employed  in  every  disease 
in    which    there    is    deficient    tone;   hut    in    cases 

where  the  stomach  is  much  debilitated,  the  pow- 
der had  better  be  avoided,  in  consequence  of  the 
woody  fibre,  which  might  disagree.  Externally, 
ir  ;-  used  in  cnemata.  garglee,  Ac,  and  in  gan- 
grenous ulcerations.     When  it  exeitee  nausea,  an 

aromatic  may  be  added  to  it;   if  purging,  opium: 

js,  rhubarb,  itc.     Dose,  £88  to  £j  or 

. 

BSSEBTIAX   Svi.t   OF    BARK,   M   it    is   called,   is 

an  extract,  prepared  by  macerating  the  bruised 

ince  of  bark  in  cold  water,  and  submitting 

•  ow  evaporation. 

CINCHONIA,    Cincbonine  — e.    Tannate    of, 

nchoniaa  tannas. 

CINCHON'ICIH  B,C  nchonici'na,Cinckonic',ia. 

When  :i  saltof  oinehonia  ;-  exposed  to  beat, with 

n  precautions,  the  alkaloid  is  changed  into 

another,  isomeric  with  itself,  to  which  this  name 

•  n  given.     Cincbonicine,  and  its  sulphate, 

-  the  same  medical  properties  as  cinchonia 
and  it<  salts,      Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

I  INCH'ONINE,  Cim  honi'na,  Oineh'onin,  din- 
eho'nia.     The  active  principle  of  Cincho'na  l<m- 
ci/p'Ha.     An   organic,    crystalline   alkali;    of  a 
.     ;ttcr,  .-lightly  astringci  | 


very  soluhlc  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  almost  in 
Soluble  in  water. 

Sulphate  of  Oinehonia,  which  is  formed  directly 
from  cinchonia,  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
The  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cinchonia  is  similar 
to  that  id"  the  sulphate  of  quinia;  hut  it  is  less 
energetic,  and  consequently  requires  to  be  given 
in  a  larger  d 

ClNCHONIHE,    Tab  .    see    Quinine,   tar- 

trate of. 

CINCH0NI8M,  Qnininism. 

CINCHOTIN,  Quinidia. 

CINCIN'Nl  MS.  A  little  lock  or  curl  of  hair. 

CINCIN'NUS.  A  curled  or  frizzled  lock.  The 
hair  on  the  temples. 

CINC'LICIS,    CincWmwe,     'agitation;    rapid 
and    frequent    motion.'      The    movement    of   the 
thorax  in  dyspnoea.  —  Hippocrates.      It  !;:■- 
used,  also,  synonymously  with  nictation. 

CINCLISMUS,  Cinclisis. 

FA(  TIO,   Incineration. 

•  I  N  K'.M  A,  Cine' sis,  from  klvcu,  'I  move.' 
Motion. 

CINERARIA  MARITIMA.  Achoavon,  Ahiat. 

CINERATION,  Incineration. 

CJNERES    CLAVELLATI,   Bee    Potash  — c, 

Gravellati,  see   Potash  —  c.  Russici,  Potash    of 
commerce. 

CINEREUS,  CineritiouB. 

C  I  N  K  It  I  T"I  0  D  S,  Ciner'ena,  from  cineres, 
'ashes;'   (P.)    Cevdri.      Of   the    colour    of   ashes. 
The  cortical  substance  of  the  brain,  and  ti, 
cular    neurine   in    general,  have    been  so  called. 
ri,  and  Neurine, 

CINESIPATHY,  Kinesipathy. 

CINESIS,  Cinema.  Motion. 

CINETH'MICS,  from  Kiveu>,  <I  move.'  Tho 
science  of  movements  in  general. 

CINETIC,  Motory. 

CTNET'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  muscles,  and  characterized  by  irregular 
action  of  the  muscles  ormuscular  fibres,  commonly 
denominated  Spasm.  The  3d  order  in  the  class 
Neurotica  of  Good.  Also,  agents  that  affect  the 
voluntary  or  involuntary  motions. — Pcreira. 

CINETTJS,  Diaphragm. 

CIN(H'LARIA,  Lycopodium. 

GIN'GULUM,  Zone,  from  etVioo,  'I  bind.'  (F.) 
Ccititure.  A  cincture.  A  girdle.  The  part  of 
the  body,  situate  below  the  rihs,  to  which  the 
girdle  is  applied.     The  waist.      Herpes  zoster. 

Cin'gulum    IIm.da'm.   Zo'nii/a   Hilda' n 
Ceinture  de  Hildane.     A  leathern  girdle  formerly 
used  for  the  reduction   of  luxations  and  fractures 
of  the  extremities. 

Cih'oi  i.im    Mercuria'lS,    V.   Sapien'ti 
StnltW'ia.     A  woollen  girdle,  containing  mercu- 
rial ointment.     It  was  used  as  an  antisyphiljfic, 
and  in  diseases  of  the  skin.      (F.)  Ceinture  </.  vif 
argent, 

I  t.nt  Sancti  Joannis,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CIK  l\.  Bantonine. 

CINIS  r.F.(  I  -M,  see  Potash— c.  Infeotorius, 
see  Potash. 

CINNABAR,  Ilydrargyri  sulphurctnni  in  - 
brum' — c.  GraBcorum,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

CINNABRE,  Ilydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
hrum. 

I  I  \  \  \  M<  ».M  i"\i,  Laurus  cinnamomura  —  c. 
Album,  Canella  Alba — c.  Aromaticum,  see  Laurus 
cinnamomum— c.  Culilawan,  Laurus  Culilni 
c.  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia  —  <•.  Magellaojeum, 
Wintcra  arotnati<a  —  c.  Milaharicum,  Lauru-  cas- 
Bia  —  c.  Bylvestre  Americanum,  Nectandra  cin- 
namomoides  —  e.  Zeylanicum,  Laurus  oinna- 
momnm. 

CINNAMON,   see    Lauras   einnamomam  —  c. 
r.  Laurus  cassia — c  Wild,  Laurus 


CINOXOSI 


208 


CIRCUMFLEX 


CTNON'OSI,  from  kivcw,  'I  move,'  and  vocoq, 

ra  disease.'     Diseases  of  motion. 

CINOPER,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rnbrum. 

CINOPLANE'SIS,  from  kivcu,  'I  move,'  and 
irXavqats,  '  a  wandering  about.'  Irregularity  of 
motion. 

CIXQUEFOIL,  Potentilla  reptans  — c.  Marsh, 
Comarum  palustre  —  c.  Norway,  Potentilla  Xor- 
vegica. 

CIXZILLA.  Herpes  zoster. 

CIOX.  Uvula. 

CI'ONIS.  The  U'vnla.  Also,  tumefaction,  or 
elongation  of  the  uvula;   Staphylodiul'ysis. 

CIOXI'TIS.  from' kiovis.  'the  uvula,'  and  ifis, 
'inflammation.'       Inflammation    of    the    uvula, 

CIOXORRHAPHIA,  Staptryloraphy. 

CIOXOTOME,  from  kiuv,  'the  uvula,'  and 
tout;,  'incision.'  Curved  scissors  for  cutting  off 
the  uvula. 

CIOXOT'OMY,  Cionotom'ia,  from  kiwv,  'the 
uvula,'  and  to^tj,  '  incision.'  Excision  of  the 
uvula  when  too  long. 

CIPIPA,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

CIRC-EA,  Atropa  mandragora,  Circoea  Lute- 
tian a. 

Circ.e'a  Lutetia'xa,  Circce'a,  Paris'ian  Cir- 
cce'a,  from  Circe,  the  Enchantress;  Euchant'ers' 
Xightshade,  (F.)  Herbe  de  Saint  Etienne  ou 
aux  Sorciers.  This  plant,  common  in  the  vicinity 
of  Paris,  was  formerly  considered  to  be  resolvent 
and  vulnerary.  It  was  also  supposed  to  possess 
wonderful  magical  and  enchanting  properties. 

CIRCIXUS,  Herpes  zoster. 

CIRCLE,  Cireulus— c.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment— c.  of  Willis,  see  Cireulus. 

CIRCOCELE.  Circosele. 

CIRCOXCFSIOX,  Circumcision. 

CIRCOXFL  EXE,  Circumflexus. 

CIRCONSCRIT,  Circumscribed. 

CIECOXYOLUTIOX,  Convolution. 

CIRCUIT,  Circu'itus:  in  pathological  lan- 
guage, generally  means  'period,'  course.' 

CIRCUITUS,  Period.  Circuit. 

CIR'CDLAR,  Circulu'ris,  from  cireulus,  'a 
circle.'  (F.)  Circulaire.  Having  the  form  of 
a  circular  ;  as  Circular  Amputation,  &c. 

The  French  use  the  expression  '*'  Une  circu- 
laire," for  a  turn  of  a  bandage  around  any  part. 

Circular  Sixes  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius. 

CIRCULATION,  Circu'la'tio,  Cyelophor'ia, 
Cyclo'sis,  Periodus  san'guinis,  from  cireulus,  'a 
circle;'  or  rather,  from  circum,  ' around/ and  ferre, 
latum,  'to  carry.'  (F.)  Circulation.  Physiolo- 
gists give  this  name  to  the  motion  of  the  blood 
through  the  different  vessels  of  the  body — sangni- 
motion  ;  —  to  that  function,  by  which  the  blood, 
setting  out  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart,  is 
distributed  to  every  part  of  the  body  by  the  ar- 
teries :  —  proceeds  into  the  veins,  returns  to  the 
heart,  enters  the  right  auricle,  and  passes  into  the 
corresponding  ventricle,  which  sends  it  into  the 
pulmonary  artery  to  be  distributed  to  the  lungs, 
whence  it  issues  by  the  pulmonary  veins,  and 
passes  into  the  left  auricle.  From  this  it  is  sent 
into  the  left  ventricle,  and  is  again  distributed  by 
means  of  the  arteries. 

Circula'tiox.  Cap'illary,  C.des  Parenchymes, 
is  that  which  takes  place  in  the  capillary  vessels: 
and  is.  in  some  measure,  independent  of  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Capillary  Vessels. 

Circulation,  Pulmox'ic  or  lesser,  is  the  cir- 
cle from  the  rieht  to  the  left  side  of  the  heart  by 
the  lungs.  —  The  greater  or  systematic  or 
STSTEm'tc.  is  that  through  the  rest  of  the  svstem. 

CIRCCLATOIRE,  Circulatory. 

CIRCULATOR.  Charlatan. 

CIR'CULATORY,  Circulate' rius,  (F.)  Circula- 


toire  ;  same  etymon  as  circulation.     Renting  to 
the  circulation  of  the  blood  ;—sa»(/uim<>'tfry. 

CIR'CULUS.  A  circle  or  ring:  Cycln*,  0?- 
rios,  (F.)  Cercle.  Any  part  of  the  body  which  is 
round  or  annular,  as  Cir'culus  Oc'uli — the  globe, 
bulb,  or  orb  of  the  eye. — Hippocr.,  Galen.  It  is, 
also,  applied  to  objects,  which  by  no  moans  form 
a  circle,  —  as  to  the  Circle  of  Will  in,  Cir'culus 
arteriosus  Willis'ii,  (  F.)  Hexagone  atiSrielle, 
which  is  an  anastomotic  circle  at  the  base  of  the 
brain,  formed  by  the  anterior  and  the  posterior 
cerebral  arteries  and  the  communicating  arteries 
of  Willis. 

Circulus  Arteriosus  I'ripis.  The  artery 
which  runs  round  the  iris,  and  forms  a  circle. 

Circulus  Arteriosus  Wili.isii,  Circle  of  Wil- 
lis, see  Circulus  —  c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament  — 
c.  Membranous,  Hymen. 

Cir'culus  Cali.o'sus  Halleri.  Tindo  cordis 
veno'sus.  The  fibro-eartilaginous  rings,  around 
the  auriculo-ventricular  openings  of  the  heart, 
to  which  the  tricuspid  and  mitral  valves  are  at- 
tached. 

Circulus  Quad'ruplex;  a  kind  of  bandage 
used  by  the  ancients. 

Circulus  Tonsillaris.  A  plexus  formed  by 
the  tonsillitic  branches  of  the  glosso-pharyngeal 
nerve  around  the  base  of  the  tonsil. 

Circulus  Veno'sus,  Figu'ra  veno'sa,  Vena  sen 
Sinus  tcrmina'lis.  The  venous  circle  in  the  em- 
bryo, which  bounds  the  Area  Yasculosa  or  Vatcu- 
lar  Area. 

Cir'culus  Veno'sus  Are'ol.e.     The   venous 
circle,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  veins  around 
1  the  nipple.    It  embraces,  however,  onh-  two-thirds 
of  the  circuit. 

CIRCUMAGEXTES,  Oblique  muscles  of  the 
eve. 

"  CIRCUMCAULALIS     MEMBRANA,     Con- 
junctiva. 

CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision  — e.  Foemina- 
rum,  see  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMCISTOX,  Circumcis'io,  Postnet'omy, 
Proecis'io  seu  Abscis'io  Proepn'tii,  Circumcisu'ra, 
Circumsec'tio,  Perit'ome,  from  circum,  '  around,' 
and  ccrdere, '  to  cut.'  (F.)  Circoncision.  An  an- 
cient operation,  performed  by  some  nations  as  a 
religious  ceremony.  It  consists  in  removing  cir- 
cularly a  portion  of  the  prepu.ee  of  infants: — a 
custom,  which  was  probably  suggested  with  a 
view  to  cleanliness.  In  cases  of  extraordinary 
length  of  prepuce,  or  when  affected  with  disease, 
the  operation  is  sometimes  undertaken  by  sur- 
geons. A  similar  operation  is  performed,  amongst 
the  ^Egyptians,  Arabians,  and  Persians,  on  the 
female,  Ci rcumcis'io  fwmina' rum,  by  removing  a 
portion  of  the  nvmpha?,  and  at  times  the  clitoris. 

CIRCUMCISURA,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMDUCTS,  Perisphalsis. 

CIRCUMDTJCTIONIS  OPIFEX,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi. 

CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex' us,  from  circum, 
'around,'  and  flex  us,  'bent.'  (F.)  Circonffexe. 
Curved  circularly.  A  name  given  to  several 
organs. 

Circumflex  or  Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the 
arm  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. They  arise  from  the  axillary,  and  are  dis- 
tributed around  the  shoulder. 

Circumflex  Arteries  of  the  Thigh  are  dis- 
tinguished into  external  and  internal. — A.  Sons- 
trochanteriennes — Ch.  They  are  given  off  from 
the  Profunda,  and  surround  the  head  of  the  thigh 
bone. 

Circumflex  Muscle,  Circumfrxus  ifus'eulms, 
C.  Pala'ti  Mollis,  Tensor  Pala'ti,  Peristaphyli'ntia 
exter'nus  seu  inferior,  Spheno-salpingo-staphyli* - 
nus  seu  Staphyli'nus  exter'nus,  3/ us' cuius  tnhce 
novas,    Pala'to-salpingens,    Pter' yyo- staph  yli'nus, 


C I R  C  UM  F  0  R  A N  E 0 U S 


09 


CITREOLUS 


Pctro-aalpin'go-atapkjfti'nma,  Spkerto-pttr'wpa-     commonly  an    affection   of  no  consequence    do- 


lati'nna,    Salpingo-etaphyli'ttua 
ping i en.     A   muscle,  which 
nous    process  of  the  sphenoid   bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  ve/um  pendulum  palcuH,     Its  use  is 
to  Btretch  the  velum. 

ClRCI  mVi.i:x  NsRYB,  Axillary  Nerve. 
Cibci  mi'ikx  Veins  follow  the  arteries. 
CIRCI  MFORANEOUS,  Charlatan. 
CIRCUMFU'SA.    Hallo  has  thus  designated 
the  ti:  subjects  that  belong  to  Hygiene 

—  as   atmosphere,   climate,    residence,    &c. ;    in 
short,  every  thing  which  acts   constantly  on  man 
rnally  and  internally. 
CIRCU MGYR A TIO,  Vertigo. 
CIR<  i  MLIGATURA,  Paraphimosis, 
CIRCUMLIT"IO,  from  circumlino,  *I  anoint 
all    over.'     Perich'rieie,    Perichru'ton.     A    term 
formerly    used    for    liniments,    but    especially   for 
applied  to  the  eyelids. 
CIRCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum. 
CIR'CUMSCRIBED,  Circumacrip'tua,  (F.)  Cir- 
counrrit.     a  term  applied,  in    pathology,  to  tu- 
mours, which  are  distinct  at  their   base  from   the 
surrounding  parts. 

CIRCI  MSECTIO,  Circumcision. 
CIRC  CM  VALLATE  PAPILLiB,  see  Papilla? 
of  the  Tongue. 
CIRE,  (  era. 

CIRE  JAUNE  ET  BLANCHE,   Cera  flava 
et  alba — c.  dea  Ureilles,  Cerumen. 
CIRIOS,  Circulus. 
CLRON,  Acarus,  Psora. 
CIRRHAGRA,  Plica— o.  Polonorum,  Plica. 
CIRRHON'OSUS;  from  <a/>po?,  'yellow,'    and 
votroi.  'disease.'    A  disease  of  the  foetus,  in  which 
there  is  a  yellow  coloration  of  the  serous  mem- 
branes.— Siebenhaar. 

CIRRHOSE,  Cirrhosis— c.  du  Foie,  Cirrhosis. 
CI K RHO'SIS,    Kirrko'eia,    Cirrhomo'eie,    A'ir- 
riono'ais,  (F.)  Cirrhoae,  from  Kippos,  'yellow.'     A 
yellow  colouring   matter,  sometimes   secreted 
the   t-  og   to  a  morbid 

called  Cirrho'aia  or  Kirrho'aia. 

Cirbho'sis   Hbp'atis,  see  Hepatatrophia. 
Qron'ulnud,    gran'ular,   mam'millated,    tuber'cu- 
tnd  hob-nailed  liver,  (F.)  Cirrhoae  du  Foie. 
It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  repletion  of  the 
terminal    extremities    of  the    biliary   ducts   with 
bile,  along  with  atrophy  of  the  intervening  pa- 
renchyma.    Hence  the  liver  is  smaller  in  size,  or 
atrophied. 
Cirrhosis  Hepatis,  see  Cirrhosis. 
Cirrhosis  of  thr  Luko,  Cirrho'aia  pultno' num. 
Dr.  Corrigan    has    described  a  condition  of  the 
lung  under  this  name,  the  general  character  of 
which  he  considers  to  be  a  tendency  to  c 
dation  or  contraction   of  the    pulmonary  tissue, 
with  dilatation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 
6IRRH08IS  l'ri.MoMM,  C.  of  the  Lung. 
CIRRHOT'IC,  Cirrhot'icua.     Same  etymon  as 
Cirrhosis.     Affected  with,  or  having  the  character 
of  cirt : 

CIR'SIl  M    ARVEN'SE,    Car'duue   kemorrho. 

\o'tho8,  (F.)    Chardon  hemorrhoidal. 

Don  plant,  used  in  France,  in  the   form  of 

-m    in     hemorrhoids;    and    worn    as    an 

amulet. 

Vr.A-n  m.  Carduus  marianus. 

'cheum,  from 
Ktftaoi,  •-'.»//..•  and  Kn\n,  <  hernia  ;'  Var'icoae  II>  r'- 
"'"•     :  part  of  authors  have  employed 

the  term  synonymously  with  Varicocele.  Pott 
gives  it  a  different  signification.  Varicocele,  he 
calls  the  tumour  formed  by  the  veins  of  the  scro- 
turn;  Otreocele,  Funiculus  varico'aue,  the  van- 
station  of  the  spermatic  reins.  The  scro- 
tum feels  as  if  it  contained  earthworms.    It  is 


(  F. )  Palato-eal-  manding  merely  the  use  of  a  suspensory  bands  -e 
CIRSOl'DBS,  Oireo'dee,  from  Kip<r'oc,  'varix} 
and  tidos,  '  resemblance.'  Varicose,  or  resembling 
a  varix.  Kufus  of  Kphesus,  according  to  James, 
applies  this  term  to  the  upper  part  of  the  brain. 
8S  well  as  to  the  spermatic  rest 

CIRSOM'PHALUS,  from  ki^och;,  'varix,'  and 
op<pa\os,  'navel.'  Varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins 
surrounding  the  navel.  The  term  has.  likewise, 
been  applied  to  the  aneurismal  dilatation  of  the 
arteries  of  that  re-ion:  called  also,  Varicompk'- 
alue,  (  F.  }HargneanevryamaXt,  Aneuritntal Eft  rnin 

CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,    Ciraophthal'm 
langieeta'eia  (•>■„/;,  from  Kipcog.  '\ari.\.'  and  0>/>- 
Salftos,  'the   eye;'    Var'icoae   ophthal'mia,   Oph- 
thalmia varico'ea,    Varicoe'itaa  conjunct i'vai.     A 
high  degree  of  ophthalmia,  in  which  the  vessels 
of  the  conjunctiva  are  considerably  injected. 
CIRSOSCHEUM,  Cirsocele. 
<  IRSOT'OMY,   Oirentom'ia,  from  ki/jco?,  'va- 
rix.   and  rofjLt],   'an   incision.'     Any  operation  for 
the  removal  of  varices  by  incision. 
CIRSUS,  Varix. 

CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  from  ttpvos,  '  va- 
rix,' 'vSup,  'water,'  oax^ov,  the  'scrotum.'  Vari- 
cocele with  water  in  the  scrotum. 

C1SEAU  (F.),  For/ex.  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  flattened  rod  of  metal,  sharpened  at 
one  extremity,  and  used  in  anatomical  prepara- 
tions, and  in  certain  surgical  operations,  for  di- 
viding bones. 

CFSEA  VX,  Scissors. 
CISSA,  Malacia. 

CISSAM'PELOS  CAPEN'SIS.  Nat.  Ord.  Me- 
nispermacea?,  grows  in  almost  everv  mountainous 
[J  part  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.     The  root  is  used 
as  an  emetic  and  cathartic  by  the  Boers. 

Cissampblos   8labbrrima,  see  Pareira  brara 
— c.  Pareira,  Pareira  brara. 
CISSARUS,  Cistas  Creticus. 
<  [SSI'NUM,  from   Ktaaos,    'ivy.'     Name  of  a 
plaster  of  ivy,  used  in  wounds  of  the  nerves  or 
tendons.— Paulus  of  ^Egina. 
CI8SOIDES,  Capreohms. 
CISSOS,  Hedera  helix. 
CISTERN,  LUMBAR,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
(  CSQ  l.K'NA,  from  Kiarrj,  (L.)  Cieta,  'a  chest.' 
(F.i  Citerne.     This   term   has  been  applied  to  va- 
rious parts  of  the  body,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  different  fluids.     The  fourth  ventricle  of  the 
brain  has  been  so  called. — Aran  tins. 
Cistbrha  Chtxi,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CISTHORUS,  <  tstus  Creticus. 
CISTOCELE,  Cystocele. 

CIST  IS   CANADENSIS,  Helianthemum  Ca- 
naden.-is. 

CiSTua  Cki/ticcs.  G.  mlvi/a'litut  sen  tau'rietie, 
Ctathorva,  Oia'aarue,  Dnryein'ium,  Gum  Ciatita 
Ord.  Cystines;  Sex.  Sgat.  Polyandria  Mono! 
gynia.  The  systomatie  name  of  the  plant  « 
the  Lahda'nun,  Labda'men  or  Lada'num,  Gum' mi 
Labda'num,  is  obtained.  Lada'num  is  a  gum- 
resinous  sub.^ance,  of  a  very  agreeable  smell, 
found  in  the  shops  in  great  masses.  Its  colour  is 
blaokish-green j  taste,  warm  and  bitter.  It  is 
but  little  used  now.  Formerly,  it  was  a  compo- 
nent of  warm  plasters,  and  was  prescribed  inter- 
nally as  a  stomachic.  Ladanum  is  also  obtained 
from  Cixtitx  ladani/'eruB,  ami  ('.  laurifo'liua. 

Cistu8,  (Jim.  Cistus  Creticus  —  0.  Sairifolius. 
C.  Creticus— 0.  lanrieus,  C.  Creticus. 

CITERNE  LOMBAIRE,  Receptaculum  cbylL 

CITHARUS,  Thorax.  ^ 

CITRAGO,  Melissa. 

OITRARIA,  Melissa. 

CITRAS  CHINICUS,  Quinia;  citrns. 

CITREA  MALUS,  see  Citrus  medics, 

CITREOLCS,  Cucumis  sativus. 


in 
Also, 


CITRIC   ACID 


210 


CLAP 


CIT'RIC  ACID,  Acf' idum  cit'rirum,  Ac"idum 
Limo'nis,  Acid  of  Lemons,  Ac" id um  Limo'num, 
(F.)  Acide  citri'/ue.  This  acid  is  found  in  the 
lemon,  orange,  ic.  It  is  in  rhomboidal  prisms, 
which  slightly  effloresce  on  exposure  to  the  air. 
It  dissolves  in  a  twelfth  part  of  its  weight  in 
boiling  water,  and  has  an  extremely  acid  but 
agreeable  taste.  It  is  employed  in  medicine  as 
antiseptic,  refrigerant  and  diuretic.  Rubbed  up 
with  sugar  and  with  a  little  of  the  essence  of  j 
lemon,  it  forms  the  dry  Lemonade,  (F.)  Limonade 
seche. 

CITRINE  OINTMENT,  Unguentum  hydrar-  j 
gyri  nitratis. 

CTTROX,  see  Citrus  inedica — c.  Tree,  see  Ci- 
trus mediea. 

CITROXELLE,    Artemisia    abrotanum,   Me- 

CfTROXXADE,  Lemonade. 
GITBOUILLE,  Cucurbita. 
CITRUL,  SICILIAN,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 
CITRULLUS,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 
Citrullus  Ama'rus.     An  African  plant,  Ord. 
Cucurbitaceae,  called  by  the  Boers  Bitterappel  or 
Wild  Watermelon,  the  pulp  of  which,  like  that 
of  colocynth,  is  a  drastic  cathartic. 

Citrullus  Colocyxthis,  Cueumis  colocyntliis. 
CITRUS,  see   Citrus   mediea  —  c.   Acida,  see 
Lime. 

Citrus  Aurax'tium.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium,  A.  Hispalen'se, 
Mains  Auran'tia,  Mains  Auran'tia  major  seu  vul- 
■jii' ris,  Auran'tium  vulga're,  Ci'trus  vulga'ris. 
Ord.  Aurantiacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyadelphia  Ico- 
sandria.  The  fruit  are  called  Mala  Au'rea,  Chry- 
smne'lia,  Xeran'tia,  Martia'na  Poma,  Poma  Au- 
ran'tia seu  Chinen'sia,  Auran'tia  Curassar'ica, 
Oranges.  The  Flowers  of  the  Orange,  Flores 
XaphcB,  are  highly  odoriferous,  and  used  as  a 
perfume.  On  distillation,  they  yield  a  small 
quantity  of  essential  oil — O'leum  Auran'tii,  Oleum 
seu  Essen' tia  Xero'li, — with  spirit  and  water,  the 
Aqua  Florum  Auran'tii,  Auran'tii  floris  aqua, 
Aqua  aurantii,  Orange-floicer  icater.  They  were 
once  used  in  convulsive  and  epileptic  cases.  The 
leaves.  Fo'lia  Auran'tii,  have  a  bitterish  taste, 
and  furnish  an  essential  oil.  They  have  been 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  flowers.  The 
yellow  rind  of  the  fruit,  Auran'tii  Cortex  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Citrus  Bigara'dia  (Ph.  L.),  Bigarade'  or 
Bitter  Orange,  Orange  Peel,  is  an  aromatic  bitter, 
and  is  used  in  dyspepsia,  and  where  that  class  of 
remedies  is  required.  The  Juice,  Succus  Auran'- 
tii, Orange  juice,  is  a  grateful  acid,  and  used  as 
a  beverage  in  febrile  and  scorbutic  affections. 

Citrus  Bergamia,  Citrus  mella  rosa  —  c.  Bi- 
garadia,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  c.  Decumana, 
Shaddock — c.  Limetta,  see  Citrus  mella  rosa — c. 
Limonum,  C.  mediea. 

Citrus  Med'ica,  C.  Limo'num.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon,  Limon 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Limo'num  Malum  seu  Bacca,  Mains 
Med'ica,  M.  Limo'nia  Ac"ida,  Limon,  Cit'rea, 
Mains,  Citrus,  (F.)  Citron,  Cedrat,  has  a  frasrant 
odour,  depending  upon  the  essential  oil.  O'leum 
Limo'nis,  of  the  rind.  The  outer  rind,  Cortex 
Limo'num,  Limo'nis  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.).  Lemon 
Peel,  Zest,  Flave'do  Corticum  Citri,  is  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  Cortex  Auran'tii. 

The  juice,  Succus  Limo'nis,  Limo'num  Succus 
(Ph.  L.),  (F.)  Sue  du  Limon,  Sue  de  Citron,  is 
sharp,  but  gratefully  acid,  the  acidity  depending 
upon  the  citric  acid  it  contains,  and  is  given  as  a 
refrigerant  beverage  in  febrile  affections.  In 
doses  of  half  an  ounce  to  an  ounce,  three  times  a 
day,  it  has  appeared  to  exert  a  markedly  sedative 


influence  on  the  circulation,  and  has  been  given, 
apparently  with  benefit,  in  acute  rheumatism  and 
rheumatic  gout.  Alone,  or  combined  with  wine, 
it  is  prescribed  in  scurvy,  putrid  sore  throat,  Ac. 
Its  general  properties  are  refrigerant  and  anti- 
septic. Sweetened  and  diluted,  it  forms  Lemon- 
ade. Artificial  lemon-juice  is  made  by  dissolving 
an  ounce  of  citric  acid  in  fourteen  fluidounces  of 
water;  adding  a  few  drops  of  essence  of  lemon. 

Lemonpeel  tea,  or  water,  is  made  by  paring  the 
rind  of  one  lemon,  previously  rubbed  with  bait'  an 
ounce  of  sugar :  the  peelings  and  sugar  are  then 
put  into  a  jar,  and  a  quart  of  boiling  v:ater  is 
poured  over  them.  When  cold,  the  fluid  must  be 
poured  off,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  lemon  juice  be. 
added. 

It  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  fevers. 
Cit'ron  Tree  is  likewise  considered  to  belong 
to  the  same  species — Cit'rus  Med'ica.  Its  fruit 
is  called  cedrome'la.  It  is  larger  and  less  succu- 
lent than  the  lemon.  Citron  juice,  when  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  called  by  the  Italians  Agro 
di  Cedro. 

Citrus  Mella  Rosa  of  De  Lamarck,  another 
variety  of  Citrus  Mediea,  affords  the  Bergamote, 
as  also  do  Citrus  Limet'ta  and  C.  Berga' mia. 
Citrus  Vulgaris,  Citrus  aurantium. 
CITTA,  Malacia. 

CITTARA.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs  are  in  the  Isle  of  Ischia,  near  the  sea. 
They  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.  Their  temperature  is  1U0° 
Fahrenheit. 

CITTOS,  Hedera  helix. 
CITTOSIS,  Chlorosis,  Malacia. 
CIVETTA,  Zib'ethum,  Civ'et,  (F.)  Civette.    An 
unctuous  perfume,  of  a  very  penetrating  odour, 
obtained  from  different  mammalia  of  the  Vive'r'ra 
kind,  particularly  from    Viver'ra  civet'ta.     It  is 
contained  in  a  fold  of  the  skin,  situate  between 
the  anus  and  the  organs  of  generation. 
CLABBER,  Bonnyclabber. 
CLABBERGRASS,  Galium  verum. 
CLADES  GLANDULARIA,  Plague. 
CLADISCOS,  Ramusculus. 
CLADONIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 
Clado'xia  Raxgifer'rixa.     The  ancients  re- 
garded this  European  plant  as  pectoral  and  sto- 
machic.    It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
Poudre  de  Chypre. 
CLADOS,  Ramus. 

CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA.  Yirgil'ia  Yel- 
loto  Ash,  Fustic   Tree,   Yellow  Locust.     An   indi- 
genous tree,  which  flourishes  from  Kentucky  to 
S  Alabama.     The  bark  of  the  tree  and  the  roots 
i  are  cathartic. 

CLALRET,  Claret. 

CLAIRYOYAXCE   (F.),    'Clear-seeing.'     A 

'  clearness  of  sight,  said  to  be  communicated  by 

animal  magnetism,  which  not  only  enables  the 

:  magnetized   person    to   see  in  the  dark,  through 

stone  walls,  &e.,  but  even  to  observe  prospects, 

'  which  he  has  never  seen   previously,  whilst  he 

may  fancy  he  is  flying  in  the  air.     It  need  hardly 

be  said,  that  the   possession   of  such  powers  is 

fabulous. 

CLAMMY,  Yis'cidus,  Glutino'sus,  (F.)  Pdteux, 
(D.)Klam,  'moist.'  Viscous:  glutinous.  Aclammy 
mouth,  (F.)  Bouche  pdteuse,  is  one  that  is  covered 
with  a  mucous  coat. 

Clammy  Weed,  Polanisea  graveolens. 
CLAMOR,  Cry. 
CLANGOR,  Oxyphonia. 
CLAP,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 


CLAVIER 


211 


CLEF 


CLAPIER  (F.).    A  clapper.  Latib'ulum,  from 

m%t*ruv,  'to  conceal.1     A  purulent  /oyer  of  dis- 

toneealed  in  the  flesh  or  under  tlio  ikin. 

II  US. 

CLAPWORT,  Orobanche  Americana. 
CLAQUEMBNT,  Odontosynerismus. 
(  LARENDON,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Ilild  acidulous  Bprings  in  Vermont;  temperature 

from   »^:  to  .'>l-!  Fain-.     The  gas,  riven  off  from 
the  wal  •  >•{'  carbonic  |  in,  and 

d.     The  springs  hare  a  reputation  ia  cu- 
t;iiuu..-  Mronio  bronchitis,  a.'. 

CLAR'ET,  (Fin  etetVp]),  Clare' turn,  Yin  de 
lire*.  A  pleasant  French  wine, 
which  may  he  used  whenever  wine  U  required. 
A  -  '.  a  wine  impregnated  with  spice  and 
called  likewise  Fin um  HippoercU'ieum  scu  Medi- 
co'turn,  Put u*  Hippocrat'icue,  Hip'pooraM,  Hyp'- 
.  Sohrd  I  r  Bpeaka  of  a  Clare' turn  td'tcrans, 
and  a  ('.  purgame. 

CLARETA,  A 1  humeri  ovi. 
CLARET1  M.  Claret 

CLARIFICATION,  C  .  Depura'Hon, 

from  darue,  'clear,'  and  /ado,  'I  make.'  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  whieh  consists  in  separating 
from  a  liquid  every  insoluble  substance,  held  in 
-ion  by  it.  that  affects  its  transparency. 
ling  and  filtering  are  the  operations  neces- 
sary tor  this  purpose. 
CLARY,  COMMON,  Salvia  sclarea. 
CLASIS,  Fracture. 
CLASM  \.  Fracture. 

CLASS.  Claa'tit,  (P.)  Clause.  An  assemblage 
rtain  number  of  objects.  In  Natural  His- 
tory and  in  Medicine,  a  group  of  objects  or  indi- 
viduals having  one  or  more  common  characters. 
The  clateee  are  divided  into  orders,  the  orders 
"  /",  the  ijtncra  into  species,  and  these  last 
iiit>>  (" 

CLASS!  YICX'TIO^, Classified  tiojrom  classis, 

ia,* and  fad o,  'I  make.'    The  formation  of 

-.    A  methodical  distribution  of  any  objects 

•  it  into  classes,  orders,  genera,  species,  and 

rariel  ■  iphy,  and  Nosology. 

CLASSY,  MINERAL  WA  T  E  RS  0  F.  Classy 
i-  near  Laon  in  Picardy,  France.  The  waters 
are  chalybeate. 

CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication  — c.  Anatica, 
Yacillatio. 

CLAUDICA'TION,  Claudica'tio,  from  claudi- 

■  be  lain-.'     The  act  of  halting  or  limp- 
ing.      I  Pro  v.)    Hirpling,    Giau'ditas, 
Cholo'tia,   Cholei'a,   Cholo'ma,  (F.)   Claudication, 
Boiterie.      This    condition    d< 
ite  any  special  disease,  but  is  produced  by 
r   affections.     It   may  be   the 
result  of  the  shortening  or  elongation  of  one  of 
the  lower  limbs,  of  ankylosis  of  the  joints,  palsy 
of  the  muscles,  pain,  Ac. 
CLA1  DITAS,  Claudication. 
CLAU8TRUM   GUTTURIS,  Isthmus  of  the 
—  c.  Palati,  Velum    pendulum   palati  —  c. 
tatis,  Hymen. 
CLAU81  'i;\.  from   claudere,  'to  shut.'     An 
Imperforation  of  any  canal  <>r  cavity. 

-i'i:\    I'tKiir.      Preternatural    imperfora- 
tion of  the  uterus. 
CLAVA  RUGOSA,  Acorns  calamus. 

■vm.i i: i:  a  //;// l l ES  i> i:  FR /■; s /;, 

sylum  clava  IF  i 

CLAVA'RIA    CORALLOI'DES,    OoraUolde* 

alwort.      Ord.    Fungi,    (clava,    '  a 

branch,  a  club.')     Said  to  be  corroborant 

ringent.     A  kind  of  clavaria,  called  (F.) 


Digital  blanc,  Digital  humain,  C7tainpi</non  dc 
Vappartil  dm  fractures,  formed  of  digitations, 
grouped  together,  and  two  or  three  inches  in 
length,  is  said  to  have  been  often  found,  formerly 
at  the  Ih'.i.l  l)l,u  of  Paris,  on  the  splint.-  of  white 
\\ 1  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  in  au- 
tumn.— 11.  Cloquet 

i  I.  \Y  LTIO,  Comphosis. 

CLA  VEAU,  Murr. 

CL  1  l7.7./;/.\  .Murr. 

(I.  LVES  CALYARLB,  Wormiana  Ossa. 

CLAVICLE,   '  ir'uhi8, 

Lig'ula,   Fur'vulu,    0*  Jug'uli,  Jug'ulum, 
Clei'dion,   from    ela  y,'  (F.)    Clavicule. 

The  collar-bone,  (Old  Eng.)  Cauif  llxnic,  Channel- 
bone,  (S  ■./ '■■""  .  HaUbane. 
The  claviole  IS  shaped  like  the  letter  8,  and  is 
placed  transversely  at  the  upper  part  of  the  tho- 
rax. It  is  articulated,  at  one  extremity,  with  the 
sternum  ;  at  the  other  with  the  acromion  process 
of  the  scapula.  It  gives  attachment,  above,  to 
rno-cleido  Buutoideue;  below,  to  the  Su/>- 
clavimj  be/ore,  to  the  Pectoralis  major  and  Dcl- 
toidea  ;  and  behind,  to  the  Trapesiua.  It  serves 
as  a  point  of  support  for  the  muscles  of  the  arm, 
and  protects  the  vessels  and  nerves  passing  to 
that  extremity. 

The  fibres,  connecting  the  lamella:  or  plates  of 
bones,  have  also  been  called  Clavic'nli  or  Nail*. 

CLAVICULAR,  Clavicula'ria,  (F.)  Clavien- 
laire  ;  same  etymon.  Relating  to  the  clavicle  or 
collar-bone. 

Clavicular  Nerves,  Nervi  clavicula'rcs. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  clavicular  region. 

CLAVICULE,  Clavicle. 

CLAVICULI,  see  Clavicle. 

CLAVIS,  Clavicle,  Key— c.  Anglica,  Key. 

CLAVUS.  A  nail.  Htlos,  Gomphos,  (F.) 
Clou.  This  word  is  employed  in  medicine  in 
various  senses.  It  means,  1.  A  Corn,  from  its 
resemblance  to  the  head  of  a  nail.  2.  Certain 
condvlomatous  excrescences  of  the  uterus.  3.  A 
callous  tumour,  which  forms  on  the  white  of  the 
Bye,  and  resembles  a  nail,  the  Clavns  Oc'uli,  (F.) 
Clou  de  Vail.  This  last,  by  some,  is  considered 
to  be  synonymous  with  staphyloma;  by  others, 
with  staphyloma  of  the  cornea.     Also,  the  penis. 

Ci wis  UvsTEit'icus,  Monopa'gia,  Monope'- 
gia,  (F.)  Ciou  HyatSrique.  An  acute  pain,  con- 
fined to  a  small  point  of  the  head,  described  by 
the  sick  as  resembling  that  which  would  be  pro- 
duced by  a  nail  driven  into  the  head.  It  has 
been  particularly  noticed  in  hysterical  females; — 
hence  its  name.  It  is  called  Ovum  hyeter'ieumt 
when  the  pain  occupies  a  greater  extent. 

Clavi rs  Skcaunus,  Ergot — c.  Secalis,  Ergot — 
c.  Siiiginis,  Ergot 

CLEANSINGS,  Lochia. 

CLEAR-SEEING,  dairnnjance. 

CLBARWBBD,  Piles  pumila. 

CLE  IVAGE,  from  Anglo-Saxon  cleopan,  'to 

split.'  The  natural  line  of  separation  exhibited 
by    certain    substances,   as    minerals,   when   sub- 

to  mechanical  force.     The  term  hat 
applied  to  the  separation  of  muscles  into  longitu- 
dinal and   circular  stria,    when   mechanical  vio- 
lence  i«  used. 

CLEAVERS,  Galium  aparine. 

Clkavkhs'  BBSS,  Galium  aparine. 

CLE  WEWORT,  <;alium  reran, 

CLEF,  Key  —  c.  (fit  Crane.  Wonninna  ossa  — 
r.  //<•  Qarengeot,  Key  —  •■.  -/  Noix,  see  Key  —  c.  el 
Piiot,  see  Key — e«  A  Pompe,  see  Key. 


CLEFT 


212 


CLIMATE 


CLEFT,  Rima,  see  Monster  —  c.  Palate,  see 
Harelip. 

CLE  ID  AGRA,  Cleisagra. 

CLEIDION,  Clavicle. 

CLEIDO-COSTAL,  Costo-clavicular. 

CLEI'DO-MASTOFDEUS.  Albinus  thus  de- 
signates the  posterior  portion  of  the  sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus,  which  he  considers  a  separate  muscle. 
It  has  been  corrupted  into  clino-mastoideus. 

CLE  IS,  Clavicle,  Key. 

CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'agra,  from  kXcis,  'the 
clavicle,'  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  Gout  in  the 
clavicle. — A.  Pare. 

CLEITHORION,  Clitoris. 

CLEITHORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLEITORION,  Clitoris. 

CLEITORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLE'MATIS,  from  kA^o,  /tX^/inros,  'a  branch 
of  a  vine,  a  tendril.'  A  genus  of  plants  in  the 
Linnaean  system. 

Clematis  Daphnoides  Major,  Vinca  minor — 
c.  Corymbosa,  C.  erecta. 

Clematis  Erect' a,  C.  recta  seu  corymbo'sa, 
Clemati'tis  erec'ta,  Flam'mula  Jovis,  Upright 
Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite  droite.  Order, 
Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  leaves  contain  an  acrid  principle.  They  have 
been  esteemed  anti-venereal ;  and,  in  the  form 
of  powder,  have  been  used  as  an  escharotic. 

Clematis  Flammula,  see  C.  vitalba — c.  Recta, 
C.  erecta — c.  Sepium,  C.  Vitalba — c.  Viorna,  see 
C.  Vitalba — c.  Virginica,  see  C.  Vitalba. 

Clematis  Vital'ba,  C.  se'pium  seu  sylves'tris, 
Yital'ba,  Yior'na,  Atra'gene,  Traveller's  Joy, 
Common  Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite,  Herbe 
aux  gueu.r,  Anbevigne.  It  has  been  used  in  the 
same  eases  as  the  former.  In  infusion  it  has 
been  applied  in  cases  of  itch. 

The  leaves  of  Clematis  Crispa — c.  Flam'mula, 
sweet-scented  Virgin's  bower — c.  Virgin'ica,  com- 
mon Virgin's  bower — and  c.  Vior'na,  Leather- 
flower,  have  similar  properties. 

CLEMATITE,  Clematis  vitalba  — c.  Droite, 
Clematis  re-cta. 

Clematitis  Erecta,  Clematis  erecta. 

CLEOME  PENTAPHYLLA,  Gynandropsis 
pentaphylla. 

CLEO'XIS  COLLYR'IUM.  A  collyrium  de- 
scribed by  Celsus,  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Samian  earth,  myrrh,  and  thus  mixed  with  white 
of  egg :  called  doubtless  after  its  inventor. 

Cleoxis  Gluten.  An  astringent  formula  of 
myrrh,  frankincense,  and  white  of  egg. 

CLEP'SYDRA.  from  kXswra,  'I  conceal/ and 
fu<Wp,  ''  water.'  An  instrument  contrived  by  Pa- 
racelsus to  convey  fumigation  to  the  uterus. 

CLBPTOMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLETHRA  ALNIFO'LIA,  Sweet  pepper-bush, 
White  alder;  indigenous.  Order,  Ericaceaa. 
The  leaves  and  flowers  are  diaphoretic  and  ex- 
citant. 

CLETORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLEVES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Cleves,  in 
Westphalia.  It  contains  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  iron. 

CLICKING,  see  Rale  sibilant. 

CLIDER,  Galium  aparine. 

CLIFFORT'IA  ILICIFO'LIA.  Ord.  Rosa- 
ceae.  A  common  South  African  plant,  used  by 
the  Boers  as  an  emollient  expectorant  in  catarrh. 

CLIFTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  vicinity  of 
Clifton  and  of  Bristol,  England,  appears  to  be 


the  mildest  and  driest  climate  in  the  west  of 
England;  and,  consequently,  the  best  winter  re- 
sidence, in  that  part  of  the  country,  for  invalids. 
It  is,  also,  a  favorable  summer  climate,  and  ia 
surrounded  by  numerous  places  of  agreeable  re- 
sort, suited  for  those  who  may  pass  the  season 
there. 

For  the  mineral  waters  of  Clifton,  see  Bristol 
Hot  Well. 

CLIGXEMEXT,  Scardamygmus. 

CLIGXOTEMEXT,  Nictation. 

CLIMA,  Climate. 

CLIMACTERIC,  Climacter'icus,  Climater'i- 
cus,  from  KXifiaKTrjp,  'a,  step.'  (F.)  Climacteriqne 
ou  Climaterique.  A  word,  which  properly  signi- 
fies 'by  degrees.'  It  has  been  applied  to  certain 
times  of  life,  regarded  to  be  critical. 

At  present,  the  word  Climacteric  is  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  certain  periods  of  life,  at  which  great 
changes  occur,  independently  of  any  numerical 
estimate  of  years.  Such  are  the  period  of  pu- 
berty in  both  sexes  ;  that  of  the  cessation  of  the 
menses  in  women,  <tc 

Climacteric  Years,  Anni  Climacter'ici,  are, 
according  to  some,  all  those  in  the  life  of  man, 
which  are  multiples  of  the  number  7,  Septen'ni- 
ads.  Others  have  applied  the  term  to  years,  re- 
sulting from  the  multiplication  of  7  by  an  odd 
number.  Some  have  admitted  only  three  cli- 
macterics; others,  again,  have  extended  them  to 
multiples  of  9.  Most,  however,  have  considered 
the  63d  year  as  the  Grand  Climacteric ;  —  63 
being  the  product  of  the  multiplication  of  7  by 
9,  and  all  have  thought  that  the  period  of  three, 
seven,  or  nine,  which  they  respectively  adopted, 
was  necessary  to  the  entire  renewal  of  the  body  : 
so  that  there  wa-s,  at  these  times,  in  the  economy, 
none  of  the  parts  of  which  it  had  previously 
consisted.  The  climacteric  years  have  also  been 
called,  (Anni)  hebdomad'ici,  scala'res,  grada'rii, 
scan'siles,  genethliaci,  natalit"ii,  fata'les,  crit'ici, 
decreto'rii,  hero'ici,  &c.  All  the  notions  on  the 
subject  are  essentially  allied  to  the  doctrine  of 
numbers  of  Pythagoras. 

CLIMATAL,  Climatic. 

CLIMATE,  Clima,  Lnclina'tio  cceli,  (F.)  Cli- 
mat,  Gr.  icXi/ia,  'a  region.'  In  geography,  the 
word  climate  is  applied  to  a  space  on  the  terres- 
trial globe,  comprised  between  two  circles  paral- 
lel to  the  equator,  and  arbitrarily  measured  ac- 
cording to  the  length  of  the  days.  In  a  hygienic 
point  of  view,  we  understand  by  climate,  since 
Hippocrates,  a  country  or  region,  which  may 
differ  from  another  in  respect  to  season,  qualities 
of  the  soil,  heat  of  atmosphere,  &c.  Climate,  in- 
deed, embrace-s,  in  a  general  manner,  all  the 
physical  circumstances  belonging  to  each  region, 
— circumstances  which  exert  considerable  influ- 
ence on  living  beings.  The  dark  complexion 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid  zone  is  easily 
distinguishable  from  the  paleness  of  those  of 
the  frigid,  —  so  are  the  diseases.  They  are  all 
modified,  more  or  less,  by  climate  or  locality. 
Hot  climates  predispose  to  abdominal  complica- 
tions in  febrile  affections;  cold  climates  to  tho- 
racic. &c. 

One  of  the  most  important  considerations  with 
regard  to  climates  is  their  comparative  fitness  fur 
the  residence  of  invalids,  and  especially  of  those 
who  are  liable  to,  or  suffering  under,  ca-tarrhal  or 
consumptive  affections.  The  great  object,  in 
such  cases,  is  to  select  a  climate  which  will  ad- 
mit of  regular  and  daily  exercise  in  the  open  air, 
so  that  the  invalid  may  derive  every  advantage 
which  this  form  of  revulsion  is  capable  of  effect- 
ing. To  an  inhabitant  of  the  northern  and  mid- 
dle portions  of  the  United  States — and  the  same 


CLIMATE 


2  1  8 


C  L  I  M  A  T  E 


applies  to  Great  Britain.  Franco,  ami  the  north- 
ern parts  of  the  old  world — a  more  tootbern  eli- 

i.  'lie  affords  these  adrantagea  in  an  etni- 
rent  degree.  During  the  rammer  months  there 
are  few,  if  any.  diseases,  which  require  a  milder 
climate  than  that  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the 
milder  districts  of  Europe.  The  temperature  of 
the  winter  months  is.  consequently,  the  most  im- 
portant object  of  attention.  Equability  of  tem- 
perature is  essential,  inasmuch  as  all  sudden 
ehanges  interfere  with  the  irreat  desideratum — 

-  •  in  the  open  air.  In  the  whole  continent 
tb  America  the  changes  are  very  sudden 
and  extensive.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  the  range 
>tweea  two  successive  days. 

■  •-•■.  as   this   applies,  the  American    climate 

:  well  adapted  to  the  invalid.  In  the 
southern  portions,  however,  of  the  Union,  this 
objection    is    counterbalanced    by   many    advan- 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  mean  tempe- 
rature of  the  year,  and  of  the  different  seasons — 
with  the  mean  temperature  of  the  warmest  and 


eddest  months  at  different  places  in  America, 
Europe,  Africa,  A  •..  as  deduced  from  the  excel- 
lent paper  id' Von  Humboldt  on  Isothermal  Line*, 
the  Meteorological  Registers  kept  by  the  surgeons 
of  the    United   States   army,  under   the   direction 

of  Surgeon -generals  Lovell  and  Lawson,  L822  to 

:. elusive,  the  work  of  ^ir  James   Clark  on 
Climate,  etc. 

Certain  of  the  tables  show  the  mean  monthly 
temperature,  maximum,  minimum  and  r 
well  as  the  greatest  daily,  and  mean  daily  range 
during  the  corresponding  mouths  —  but  of  diffe- 
rent years — at  some  of  the  prominent  retreat!  tor 
the  valetudinarian  in  (heat  Britain,  on  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe,  and  in  the  African  islands.  It 
is  proper,  however,  to  remark,  that  in  no  situa- 
tions, exeept  in  those  to  which  an  asterisk  is 
affixed,  was  the  register  thermometer  need.  In 
the  others,  the  observations  were  made  during 
the  day  only,  and  consequently  the  numbers 
given  are  far  below  the  real  range  throughout 
the  twenty-four  hours.  The  places  are  ranged  iu 
the  order  of  their  mean  temperature. 


Table  of 

Maximum 

,  Minimum,  and  Range 

OF   Temperature. 

Places. 

December. 

January.             February 

March. 

April. 

Mil. 

Min. 

rtii^c  Mix. 

Min. 

K.i:._-c 

Mai. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min.    Range 

Max. 

Min.    Rin-e 

54 
56 
56 

59 
60 
61 
68 

25 
34 
25 
32 
40 
31 
34 
f>2 

29 
22 
31 
25 
19 
29 
27 
16 

47 

54 
56 
53 
58 
5S 
58 
69 

21 

2S 
21 
27 
27 
29 
29 
50 

26 
26 
35 
26 
31 
29 
29 
19 

52 

55 
60 
55 
58 
60 
60 
68 

27 
33 
35 
30 

•  : 

33 
31 
51 

25 

22 
25 
25 
21 

:•: 
29 
17 

56 
59 

85 

5S 
65 
65 
69 
69 

26 
34 
35 
35 
41 
37 
38 
51 

30 
25 
30 
23 
24 
2S 
31 
18 

60 

62 
71 
04 
69 
74 
78 
72 

31 
36 
43 

11 
46 
11 
43 

T7 

29 
26 
28 
23 
23 
30 
35 
17 

Pau 

Naples 

Table  of  Mean  Temperature. 


Places. 

December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

43  .  HO 
46  .50 
41  .53 

48  .00 

-1^  .  GO 

49  .62 

50  .50 
60    50 

3D  .  30 
43  .  00 
38  .89 
42  .  00 

45  .  85 
47  .65 

46  .50 
59  .50 

42  .  00 

44  .50 
44.96 

45  .00 
49  .  00 
49  .  45 
48  .50 
58  .50 

45  .00 

46  .50 

46  .SO 

47  .00 

51  .45 

52  .05 
52  .00 
61  .06 

51  .  00 
48  .  50 
55.  79 
53  .  00 
57.  00 
56.40 
57  .00 
62.  50 

Pan 

Table  of  Daily  Range  of  Temperature. 


Places. 

December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

c   = 

■5  £ 

e  = 

6 

2  ■: 

si 

c 

3 

7 
9 
6 
9 

'.' 
11 

13 

13 

11 
15 
19 

14 

4 

7 
8 
8 

ii 

9 
11 

13 

16 

16 
16 
14 

17 

6 
9 
9 
9 
10 
11 
9 

12 

16 

18 

18 
19 
13 

8 

'.i 

14 

9 
12 
11 
10 

12 

17 

17 
19 
18 

M 

9 
8 
14 
11 
13 
14 
9 

13 

18 

18 
20 
20 
13 



Madeira   

CLIMATE 


214 


CLIMATE 


1.  AMERICA,  Ac. 


Places. 


Nain 

Fort  Brady,  Mich. . . 

Quebec,  L.  C 

Eastport,  Me 

Fort  Howard,  Mich. 
Fort  Crawford,  Miss. 
Cambridge,  Mass.. . . 
Council  Bluffs,  Miss. 

Newport,  R.  I 

Philadelphia 

New  York 

Cincinnati 

Monticello,  Va 

Washington,  D.  C... 

Smithville,  N.  C 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Natchez,  Miss 

Pensacola,  Flor 

St.  Augustine,  do. . . 
Tampa  Bay,      do. . . 


Vera  Cruz. 
Havana  . . 


Bahamas 


Barbadoes 
Cumana  . . 


Latitude. 


57°.08' 

46  .39 
46.  47 
44  .54 
44  .40 
43  .03 
42  .21 
41  .25 
41  .30 

39  .56 

40  .40 
39  .06 

37  .58 

38  .53 
34  .00 
32  .47 
31  .34 
30  .28 
29  .48 
27  .57 

19  .11 

23  .10 

26  .40 
to 

27  .5 
13  .10 
10  .27 


Mean  tem- 
perature of 
several 
years. 


26°.42' 
41  .37 

41  .74 

42  .44 

44  .50 

45  .52 
50  .36 

50  .82 

51  .02 
53  .42 
53  .78 
53  .78 
55  .40 
55  .56* 
58  .88 
60  .18 
64  .76 
68  .77t 
72  .23 
72  .37 

77  .72 

78  .08 

78  .3* 

79  .3 

SI  .86 


lure  ol  different  seasons. 


Mean  temperature  of 


14  .18 
23  .44 
20  .82 
23  .76 
33  .98 
27  .33 
33  .82 
32  .18 
29  .84 
32  .90 
37  .67 
36  .80 
53  .44 
51  .09 
48  .56 
55  .13 
59  .29 
61  .24 

71  .96 
71  .24 


76  .7 

80  .24 


Spring. 


23°.60 

37  .89 

38  .04 
38  .58 
41  .40 
43  .09 
47  .66 
46  .38 
46  .87 
51  .44 
51  .26 
54  .14 
54  .67 
53  .S3 

64  .76 
66  .73 

65  .48 
69  .67 

71  .47 

72  .93 

77  .90 

78  .98 


19. 

83  .66 


Summe 


48°.  38 

61  .83 

68  .00 

60  .54 

68  .70 

69  .78 

70  .70 

72  .84 
68  .70 

73  .94 

79  .16 

72  .86 

73  .33 
75  .90 

80  .46 
80  .89 

79  .16 
82  .57 

82  .73 

80  .14 

81  .50 

83  .30 

83. 

81. 

82  .04 


iutumn         w*"»«t    |    Coldest 
.imumn.         nionth.         moi.th.     ' 


33°.44 
43  .94 
46  .04  ; 
45  .43 

45  .18 

46  .74  ! 
49  .82  I 
48  .60 

53  .83 
56  .48 

54  .50  I 
54  .86 
56  .50 
56  .59 

68  .15 
67  .55 
66  .02 

69  .05 
75  .15 
75  .28 

78  .62 
78  .98 

80. 

80. 
80  .24 


51°.80 

62  .87 
73  .40 

63  .52 
73  .07 

71  .34 

72  .86 
75  .92 
7]  .46 
77  .00 
SO  .78 
U  .30 

75  .00 
79  .13 
82  .93 

82  .81 

79  .70 

83  .55 

83  .94 

80  .72 

81  .86 
S3  .84 

90. 

84  .38 


11°.20 

12  .65 

13  .81 
20  .91 
17  .95 
20  .14 

29  .8-1 
27  .19 
32  .14 
32  .72 
25  .34 

30  .20 
36  .60 
34  .60 
50   .09 

49  .43 
40  .94 
53  .80 

50  .60 
58  .70 

71  .06 

69  .98 

64. 
79  .16 


St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lat.  38°  40'      Mean  te-mp  55°  .86.      New  Harmony  Lat.  38°  11'.     Mean  temp.  50°  .74 
New  Orleans,  Lat.  30°     Mean  temp.  69°  .01.     Baton  Rouge,  Lat.  30°  .26'.     Mean  temp.  68°  .07. 
Jamaica,  coast,  Mean  temp.  80°  .6. 


R,anse  of  Mean  Temperature  in  the  U.  States  for  the  Extreme  Months,  Seasons,  and  Year 
{Army  Jlcteoroloyical  Register,  1855.) 

r 


Stations. 


Hancock  Barracks,  Maine 17 

Fort  Sullivan,  Maine 25 

Fort  Constitution,  New  Hampshire,  25 
Fort  Independence,  Massachusetts,  17 

Fort  Columbus,  New  York 33 

Watervliet,  New  York 31 

Alleghany  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania...  22 

Fort  Mcllenry,  Baltimore,  Md 24 

Fort  Monroe,  Virginia,  (Norfolk,)...  30 
Fort  Moultrie.  S.  C.,  (Charleston,)...  28 
Fort  Marion,  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  20 

Key  West,  (Florida,) 14 

Fort  Brooke,  Florida 25 

Fort  Barrancas,  Pensacola.  Florida,  17 
Mount  Vernon  Arsenal,  Mobile,  Ala.,  14 

Fort  Pike,  Louisiana 14 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 20 

Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana 24 

Fort  Jessup,  Louisiana 23 

Fort  Gibson,  Indian  Territory 27 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri 26 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 12 

Fort  Gratiot,  Michigan 17 

Fort  Mackinac,  Michigan 24 

Fort  Brady,  Michigan 31 

Fort  Howard,  Wisconsin 21 

Fort  Crawford,  Wisconsin 19 

Fort  Armstrong,  Illinois 11 

Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota 35 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas 24 

Fort  Kearney,  Nebraska. 6 

Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska 6 

Fort  Brown,  Texas ,     7 

Fort  Mcintosh,  Texas 6 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico 5 

San  Diego,  California 5 

Benioia,  California 6 

Fort  Vancouver,  Oregon 6 

Fort  Steilacoom,  Washington  Ter.,    6 


46°.07' 

44  .54 

43  .04 
42  .20 
40  .42 
42  .43 

40  .32 
39  .17 

37  .00 
32  .45 

29  .48 

24  .32 

28  .00 

30  .18 

31  .12 
30  .10 

29  .57 

30  .26 

31  .33 

34  .47 

38  .28 

38  .40 

42  .55 

45  .51 

46  .30 

44  .30 

43  .05 

41  .30 

44  .53 

39  .21 

40  .38 

42  .12 

25  .54 
27  .31 

35  .41 

32  .42 
38  .03 

45  .40 

47  .10 


16.0 
14.0 
14.0 
9.9 
12.6 
15.3 
18.9 
14.2 
16.9 
18.3 
16.1 
12.6 
17.7 
18.2 
14.2 
10.7 
18.0 
15.4 
17.5 
19.5 
17.6 
14.0 
13.6 
12.3 
13.0 
14.5 
19.6 
18.5 
27.9 
24.7 
19.9 
13.2 
10.0 
10.2 
4.3 
3.7 
6.9 
10.1 
12.6 


8.7 

9.9 

9.0 

8.6 

11.8 

10.5 

14.5 

6.8 

7.4 

6.1 

8.6 

5.9 

6.8 

5.3 

6.1 

6.2 

6.8 

7.1 

7.8 

7.8 

12.0 

7.2 

11.8 

10.3 

13.3 

11.8 

10.4 

10.3 

14.6 

10.0 

5.2 

4.5 

2.9 

3.7 

6.9 

6.9 

4.9 

3.4 

3.8 


6.4 

7.7 
7.0 
7.8 


12.9 
8.9 

10.1 
7.1 

11.3 
8.5 
6.8 
7.1 
4.7 
6.2 
7.4 
9.3 
9.0 
9.2 

15.0 
7.2 

11.8 
8.1 

13.0 
9.2 

17.7 
6.S 

17.3 

17.8 
5.8 
6.4 
2.5 
4.8 
2.3 

40.7 
4.6 
4.0 
2.3 


6.8 
6.8 
7.4 
4.9 
7.1 
6.7 
7.8 
6.0 
5.9 
7.3 
6.7 
3.2 
5.4 
3.2 
4.3 
3.0 
5.2 
4.8 
4.6 
8.6 
9.1 
4.7 
8.2 
5.8 
8.5 
7.6 
8.1 
8.3 
11.0 

s.o 

4.1 
2.6 
2.2 
5.5 
1.8 
2.7 
2.9 
2.5 
1.8 


Autumn. 

Winter. 

Year. 

7.2 

7.1 

5.0 

4.7 

7.8 

3.7 

5.7 

11.9 

6.7 

6.9 

11.0 

4.7 

9.9 

10.3 

7.3 

9.2 

12.8 

7.4 

12.0 

11.2 

7.8 

7.2 

11.2 

4.9 

7.6 

16.0 

9.0 

9.5 

16.7 

6.9 

7.1 

15.4 

6.7 

4.2 

8.2 

3.5 

4.8 

11.9 

4.0 

4.5 

9.7 

3.0 

5.6 

6.8 

8.5 

7.0 

13.3 

4.S 

5.5 

8.9 

4.7 

6.9 

11.1 

4.2 

7.6 

10.6 

6.6 

11.3 

14.4 

6.9 

10.2 

19.2 

7.0 

7.4 

7.3 

3.7 

8.9 

10.7 

6.1 

7.9 

9.9 

6.1 

9.8 

9.0 

7.1 

9.9 

16.6 

5.1 

9.2 

16.4 

8.9 

6.2 

17.4 

7.5 

10.4 

16.0 

8.6 

9.4 

13.3 

8.0 

7.0 

13.0 

5.3 

10.8 

4.8 

5.8 

3.1 

4.2 

1.6 

3.1 

3.6 

1.9 

5.0 

3.7 

0.S 

3.6 

2.0 

2.3 

3.4 

3.2 

S.2 

2.2 

2.3 

1.4 

2.8 

4.0 

2.0 

CLIMAX  i. 


C  L I N  0  I D 


2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA,  *c. 


Places. 


a 



Newport,  Isle 

Sidmouth . 

Pensanoe 

rcliff 





■;'  Cork 




Tim 

Sienna 



Bordeaux 

Montpellier 

Avignon 

Florence  



Marseilles 

Toulon 

Leghorn  



Pisa  





Sr.  Michaels, 




Madeira,  Fundi al. .  . . 



Canaries,  Santa  Cruz. 
Cairo 


Latitude. 


48    .12' 

18  .! 
52  .11 

51   .54 

43  .7 

43  .24 
47  .13 

44  .60 

43  ,4fl 
43  .42 

43  .17 
43  .07 
43  .33 

-It  .25 
43  .43 

41  .53 
40  .54 

36  .32 

32  .37 

28  .28 
30  .02 


52  .10 

51   .80 

51   .11 

49  .25 
5]  .58 

51   .08 

56  .48 

51)  .00 

59  .48 

60  .00^ 
QO  .37 

GO  .00 
flu  .-in 

61  .40 
02  .40 

62  .88 

64  .50 

69  .98 

70  .94 
72  .32 


temperature  ofdiffertl  I  - 


40  .44 

in  .31 

44  .03 


II  .79 

40  .50 

i ;  .l'ii 

42  .60 

44  .30 
i:  .82 

45  .50 

43  .30 

46  .30 

11  .7.7 

46  .03 

45  .86 

48  .50 

52  .90 

59  .50 

61  .52 

64  .65 

58  .46 


47  .63 

49  .63 

45  .77 

50  .'.'7 

49  .28 
54  .96 

.'.I    .10 

53  .lit 

56  .46 

7.7    .13 

50  .23 

57  .50 
53  .70 

58  .60 

57  .20 
77   .7  1 

58  .50 
61    .17 

59  .53 

02  .20 

65  .66 

68  .87 

7.".  .58 


62  JM) 

63  .09 

'•-(I  .71) 
60  .28 
60  .45 

64  .58 

07  .41 

70  .80 

7(i  .73 

70  .88 

71  .30 
7  1  .66 
71  .00 
71'  .26 
7L1  .50 
71  .30 
71  .10 

74  .03 
77.  .15 

75  .20 
7ii  .83 
68  .33 
70  .43 

09  .33 

80  .24 

76  .68 
85  .10 


51   .63 

71-  .7.; 


51  .n 

:,:>  .'64 

77  .10 

56  .M 

61  .:  0 

60  .7i> 

61  .63 

59  .en 
01'  .00 

62  ."1 
02  .80 
02  .78 
04  .50 
02  .33 
65  .35 

07  .23 
72  .50 
71  .17 
71   .42 


Mr-an  temperature  of 


i    Coldetl 
in  n.lh.  Bioi.th. 


65  .30 


70  .52 
73  .04 


77  .00 


82  .76 

85  .82 


36  .14 


39  .02 
11   .00 


42  .26 


60  .08 
56  .12 


London.  Lat  51°  .:»>'.    Mean  temp.  50°  .:k>. 
Perpignan.  Mean  temp.  59°  .54. 
Niauies.  Mean  temp,  tup  .26. 


Environ-:  of  London,  Mean  temp.  46°  .81. 
Lyons,  Mian  temp.  55°  .Tii. 


In  the  United  States,  the  most  favourable  re- 
gion for  the  phthisical  invalid  is  that  of  Florida, 
■ — especially  of  Pensacola.  St.  Augustine  is  fre- 
quently chosen,  but  it  is  liable  to  north-east 
■tonus,  which  interfere  with  the  OUt-door  niove- 
f  the  valetudinarian,  and  are  the  source 
of  much  discomfort.  Still,  great  benefit  has  often 
been  derived  from  it  as  B  winter  retreat.  Of  the 
Atlantic  Isles,  Madeira  appears  to  be  best  adapted 

affected    with 
chronic  bronchitis.     In  Italy,  Home,  and  Pisa,— 
nml  in   England,  Torquay  and   Undercliff,  are  to 
erred.     Chronic  rheumatism  and  gout  are 
1  by  a  war  in  climate,  which,  again,  is  un- 
favourable to  those  who  are  predisposed  t.>  cere- 
bral 'i  iallv  to  such  as  are  charac- 
terised by  debility  and  mobility  of  the  nervous 
•yafc  iii — as  paralysis,  epilepsy,  mania,  a<-.  Hypo- 
chondriasis and  dyspepsia  require  rather  change 
of  elimate  and  travelling  ban  ■  sojourn 
the  Author's   Human   Health. 
Philad..    1-  . 

For  the    mortality  of  different    countries  and 

Mortality. 
CLIMATERIC,  Clims 
CLI'MATIC,   CI i mat' Cli'mataL     Belong- 

:,t   npon   climate. 

Cum  itic  I » i -. k.  \  - 1  v,  Morbi  climat'iei,  are  such 
meed  by  climate. 

CLIMATOL'OGY,  Climatohg"ia,  (V.)  Clima. 
f  .  from  *A(/iu,  'a  region,' and  Ajvo«,  'adis- 

eearse.'     A  treatise  on  climates,  their  effects  on 

(  LIMBER,  WOODY,  Ampelopsii  quinquefolia. 
CL1  N  B,  tXivn,  •  a  bed.'     Hence  : 
I  I. IN 'I  \  1 "  1-: I : .  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIATRIA.  Clinical  medicine. 


CLINIATRUS,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIC,  ,-ce  Clinique. 

CLINICA,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLIN'ICAL,  CZfVtcM,  (F.)  Clinique,  from 
K~S.tvn,  'a  bed.'     Relating  to  a  hod. 

Clinical  Lecture,  (F.)  Lecon  Clinique.  One 
given   at   the   bed-side,  or  on  a  j. articular  case  or 

Clinical  Med'icwe,  Climatri'^Clin'icaiCIin'- 
iei,  I.  Midecine  clinique.  That  which  is  occu- 
pied with  the  investigation  of  diseases  at  the 
bed-Bide,  or  individually. 

Clinical    Physician,    Clinia'ter,    Clinici'trw, 

(F.)  C/iiticici).  One  who  practices  or  teaches 
clinical  medicine. 

(1.1  NKK.  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINICIEN,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINICUM,  Clinique. 

CLINIQUE  (F.),  Clinical.  Cliniqve,Clin'icnm, 
is  also  used  substantively  for  Ecole  Clinique  <»r 
Clinical  School:  a  Bchool  in  which  medicine  is 
taught  by  examining   diseases   on    the  patients 

theiiiM-lves,    at    the    hed-side.    as    it    were.      'I  hi-. 

the  French  say. — "La  Clinique  de  la  ChariteY' 
••  The  Clinical  School  of  the  Hospital  La  ( 'haritS.u 
The  term  bas  been  introdueed  into  this  country, 
and  anglicised  Clinic. 

CLINO-CEPHA'LIA,  Klino-cepha'lia,  from 
k\ivii,  '  ii  bed,' and  neQakn,  'head.'  Monstrosity 
in  which  the  head  i-  unusually  flattened,  owing 
to  synostosis  <d'  the  parietal  and  sphenoid  bon<   . 

I  LINODES,  Clinoid. 

CLINOID,  Clinoi'dee,  Clino'de*,  ClinoVdev*, 
from  K\n>i,  'a  bed,'  and  £i<5oj,  'form.'  Resem- 
bling a 

<  i  [HoiD  Pbo<  "XSBKS,  {"E.)Apophy»eeclino\dee, 
arc  four  pi a  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 


CLINOIDEUS 


216 


CLYSTER 


sphenoid  bone,  which  have  been  compared  to  the 
posts  of  a  bed.      On  them  the  pituitary  gland 
rests.     They  are  divided  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior.    Each  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  a  point 
called  Transverse  Spinous  Process. 
CLINOIDEUS,  Clinoid. 
CLINO PODIA,  Thymus  raa-stichina. 
CL1NOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C.  vulgare  — c. 
Incanum,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — c.  Majus,  C. 
vulgare. 

Clinopo'dium  Vulga're,  from  K\tvn,  'a  bed,' 
and  7rous,  Ttobos,  'foot,'  so  called  from  the  shape 
of  its  flowers,  Clinopodium  arven'se  seu  majus, 
Oe"ymum  sylves'tre,  Melis'sa  clinopo'dium,  Thy- 
mus sylvat'icus,  Wild  Basil,  (F.)  Grand  Basilic 
sauvage.  A  European  plant,  Ord.  Labiatae,  which 
was  formerly  considered  to  be  an  antidote  to  the 
bites  of  venomous  animals,  to  facilitate  labour, 
relieve  strangury,  stop  diarrhoea,  &c. 

CLIQ  UE  TIS,  Crepitation  —  c.  Metallique, 
Tintement  metallique. 

CLISEOM'ETER,  Clisiom'eter,  (F.)  Klisioml- 
tre,  from  icXtoig,  '  inclination,'  and  parpov,  '  a  mea- 
sure.'    An  instrument,  intended  to  measure  the 
decree  of  inclination  of  the  pelvis  and  to  deter- 
mine the  relation  between  the  axis  of  the  pelvis 
and  that  of  the  body. — Osiander,  Stein. 
CLITBUR,  Arctium  lappa. 
CLITHE,  Arctium  lappa. 
CLITHEREN,  Galium  aparine. 
CLITORICARCINO'MA,  from  K\eiropis,  'clito- 
ris,' and  KapKivo>(ia,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of  the  clitoris. 
CLITORIDES     INFERIORES     LATI     ET 
PLANI  MUSCULI,  Constrictores  cunni. 

CLIT'ORIS,  from  icXnTup,  '  a  servant  who  in- 
vites guests'  [?].  Clei'toris,  Cie'toris,  Cleithoris, 
Cleitor'ion,  Cleithorion,  D nice' do  Amor' is,  Venus, 
Myrton,  Murton,  Murium,  (Estrum,  (Estrus,  Coles 
femina'rum,  Penis  mulie'bris  seu  femineus,  Men' - 
tula  mulie'bris,  Membrum  mulie'bre,  Superla'bia, 
Cerco' sis,  Hypoder'mis,  Nympha,  Nymphe,  Epi- 
der'rhis,  Libi'diuis  Sedes,  Tunic'ula,  Crista.  A 
small,  round  organ,  situate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  vulva,  and  separated  by  a  small  space  from 
the  anterior  commissure  of  the  labia.  Its  base  is 
surrounded  by  a  slight  fold,  similar  to  the  pre- 
puce ;  and  it  is,  internally,  of  the  same  structure 
as  the  corpora  cavernosa  penis.  The  artery  of 
the  clitoris,  (F.)  A.  Clitorienne  ou  Clitoridienne, 
is  a  branch  of  the  internal  pudic.  The  vein  com- 
municates with  the  internal  pudic,  and  the  nerve 
with  the  pudic. 

CLIT'ORISM,  Clitoris'mus.     The  abuse  made 
of  the  clitoris.     Also,  an  unusually  large  clitoris, 
Cerco' sis  extern' a  seu  Clitor' idis,Cauda'tio,  Cauda. 
CLITORI'TIS,  Clitoriti'tis,  from  KXetropis, 
1  clitoris,'  and  itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'     In- 
flammation of  the  clitoris. 
CLITORITITIS,  Clitoritis. 
CLITORIUM,  Vulva. 
OLIVER,  Galium  aparine. 
CLIVUS  BLUMENBACH'II.      An  inclining 
surface  behind  the  dorsum  ephippii  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  which  is  continuous  with  the  basilar 
process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

CLOA'CA,  (F.)  Cloaque,  akin  to  k\v£o),  'I 
wash'  [  ?  ].  The  pouch  at  the  extremity  of  the 
intestinal  canal,  in  which  the  solid  and  liquid 
excretions  are  commingled  in  birds,  fish  and  rep- 
tiles. In  the  male,  it  gives  exit  to  the  excre- 
ments, sperm  and  urine :  in  the  female,  to  the 
eggs,  faecal  matters,  and  urine. 
CLOANX,  Orpiment. 
CLOAQUE,  Cloaca. 

CLOCHE  (F.).  A  popular  expression  in 
France  for  a  blister  or  other  vesicle. 

CLO ISO N,  Septum  —  c.  des  Fosses  nasales, 
Septum  narium  —  c.  Transparente,  Septum  lu- 
ciduin. 


CLOISONNEMENT,  see  Generation.  Also, 
the  division  of  a  holloW  organ  —  as  the  bladder, 
vagina,  and  uterus,  into  two  portions  by  a  sep- 
tum,—  a  malformation  —  anomalie  par  cloisonne- 
ment. 

CLONIC,  Clon'icus,  from  k\ovos,  'agitation,' 
'motion.'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive 
motions.'  Convulsion  with  alternate  relaxation; 
in  contradistinction  to  tonic,  which  signifies  a 
constant  rigidity; — Clonus,  Clon'ici  partia'les. 

Clonic  Spasm,  see  Spasm. 

CLONICI  UNIVERSALES,  Synclonus. 

CLONIQUE,  Clonic. 

CLONIS,  Sacrum. 

CLONISM,  Clonis'mus;  same  etymon.  Clonio 
spasm. — Baumes. 

CLONO'DES,  from  icXovoq,  'agitation,'  and 
ufog,  '  resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen  applies 
this  term  to  the  pulse,  when  convulsive,  as  it 
were,  and  unequal.  He  compares  the  sensation 
it  communicates  to  the  finger  to  that  produced 
by  a  bundle  of  sticks  or  of  rods  in  vibration. 

CLONOS  EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy— c.  Hydro- 
phobia, Hydrophobia. 

CLONUS,  Synclonus — c.  Nictitatio,  Nictation 
— c.  Palpitatio,  Palpitation — c.  Pandiculatio,  Pan- 
diculation— c.  Pandiculatio  maxillarum,  Yawning 
— c.  Singultus,  Singultus — c.  Sternutatio,  Sneez- 
ing— c.  Subsultus,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

CLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLOPORTES  ORDINATRES,  Onisci  aselli. 

CLOSE-STOOL,  Lasanum. 

CLOT,  Coagulum — c.  of  Blood,  see  Blood. 

CLOTBUR,  Xanthium. 

CLOTHING,  Vestitus. 

CLOTTY,  Grumo'sus,  (F.)  Grumeleux.  Com- 
posed of  clots. 

CLOU,  Clavus,  Furunculus — c.  de  Girofle,  see 
Eugenia  caryophyllata —  c.  Hysterique,  Clavus 
hystericus — c.  de  VCEil,  Clavus  oculi — c.  de  Seigle^ 
Ergot. 

CLOUDBERRIES,  Rubus  chamaamorus. 

CLOUDBERRY  TREE,  Rubus  chamaemorus. 

CLOVE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata — c.  Bark, 
see  Myrtus  caryophyllata  —  c.  Pink,  Dianthus 
caryophyllus  —  c.  July  flower,  Dianthus  caryo- 
phyllus. 

CLOVE-TONGUE,  Helleborus  niger. 

CLUBFEET.  Kyllosis. 

CLUBMOSS,  Lycopodium  —  c.  Common,  Ly- 
copodium  complanatum  —  c.  Fir,  Lycopodium 
selago — c.  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 

CLUNES,  Nates. 

CLUNE'SIA,  from  Chines,  'the  nates.'  Proc- 
talgia, Procti'tis.  An  inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks.— Vogel. 

CLUNIS,  Sacrum. 

CLUPEA  THRYSSA.  The  Yellow-billed 
Sprat ;  a  very  poisonous  fish  of  the  West  Indies. 

CLUTIA  ELUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

CLYDON,  Flatulence. 

CLYPEALIS  (Cartilago.)     Thyroid  cartilage. 

CLYSANTLIUM,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSIS,  Clysmus.  Same  etymon  as  clyster. 
The  application  of  a  clyster.  Washing  out  by 
means  of  a  clyster. 

CLYSMA,  Clysis,  Clyster,  Enema  — c.  Toni- 
cum,  Enema  fcetidum. 

CLYSMA'TION,  same  etymon  as  clyster.  A 
diminutive  of  clysma.     A  small  clyster. 

CLYSMUS,  Clysis,  Enema. 

CLYSOIR  ou  CLYSOIRE  (F.).  An  appa- 
ratus for  administering  enemata,  consisting  of  a 
long  funnel-shaped  tube  of  elastic  gum,  furnished 
with  a  pipe  at  the  apex.  An  instrument,  similar 
to  this,  with  a  syringe  attached,  is  called  a  Cly- 
sopompe. 

CLYSOPOMPE,  Clysoir,  Syringe. 

CLYSTER,    Clyste'rium,     Clysma,    Enclys'mat 


CLYSTERE 


217 


COCCI   GIIANUM 


fffysmus,     En'ema,     Larnmen'tum,    Anvrnp,    from 

kXv£etr,  'to  wash.'  (F.)  Clys&re,  Lavement, 
HemMe.  A  liquid,  thrown  into  the  large  intes- 
tines by  means  of  a  syringe,  or  bladder  and  pipe 
properly  prepared,  Ac, :  the  nossle  of  the  Byringe 

or  pipe  being  introduced  into  the  anus.  See 
Enema. 

Ci.ystkr  of  Aloes,  Enema  aloes — c.  Anodyne. 
Enema  anodynnm — c.  of  AsBaltetida,  Enema  aa- 
Bafmtidn  —  c.  Cathartic,  Bnema  oathartionm  —  c. 
of  Culocynth,  Enema  eolocynthidis -— a  Coui- 
mon,  Bnema  eommnne  —  c.  Domestic,  Enema 
commune  —  e.  Fetid.  Bnema  foetidnm  —  e.  Pipe, 
Rfanma  —  c.  Purging,  Enema  eathartieum  —  c. 
Starch  and  opium,  Enema  anodynum — c.  Tobac- 
co. Enema  tabaei  —  0.  Turpentine,  Enema  tere- 
btnthinse— c.   Uterinus,  SparaUium. 

01  TSTERE,  Enema, 

CNEME,  Leg,  Tibia. 

CNEMOD  AC  1  'YL25US,  Extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis. 

CNEMOLORDO'SIS,  from  wr^r,,  'the  leg.' 
and  \opivais,  *  the  state  of  being  beut  forward.' 
Bending  of  the  leg  forward. 

MOSCOLIO'SIS,   from  Kvnun,   'leg,'  and 

aKo\iu)aig.  'bending,'  especially  Bideways.     Bend- 

tbe  leg  sideways.     The  state  of  being  boic- 

l<  /'/'</.    or   bandy-legged,    (Prow)    Scrog-legged, 

§hackle-hammed,  (L.)   Valgus. 

<  \  EORON,  Daphne  gnidium. 

CNEORUM  TRICOC'CUM,  Almeze'rion,  Ac- 
-.  Chamade'a,  Widow-wail,  Spurge-Olive, 
•  hi,  Ire.  This  plant.  Ord.  Terebinthacea:, 
a  native  of  Southern  Europe,  contains  a  very  ir- 
ritating, acrid  principle.  The  ancients  employed 
its  leaves  as  a  powerful  purgative.  It  is  now 
sometimes  used  for  deterging  ulcers. 

CNESIS,  Cnesmos,  Cnismos.  A  painful  itching. 
—Galen. 

CNESMA,  Itching. 

CNESMOS,  Cnesis,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

CNICELJS'UM,  from  kvikos,  'carthamus,'  and 
tXaiov.  'oil.'     Oil  of  earth amus. — Dioscorides. 

CNICUS,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sylvestris, 
Centanrea  benedicta. 

C  Nil)  E  L  X  '  I » .V.  CnideWum,  from  kviSus, 
'cnidian,'  and  c\uiov,  'oil.'  Oil  made  from  the 
grana  cnidia  or  mezereon  berries. — Dioscorides. 

CNID'IA  GRANA,  Cnidii  Cocci,  Coccognid'ia, 
m,   Coccum.     The  berries  of  the  Daphne 
gnidium. — Foe's 

CNIDIUM  SI  LAI'S.  Peucedanum  silaus  —  c. 
Tenuifolium,  Bison  ammi. 

CNIDO'SIS.  A  pungent  itching,  compared  to 
Chat  produced  by  the  Urtica  urens  or  Nettle. 
(kviIo.) — Hippoc.     Urticaria;  urticatio. 

CNIP'OTES,  Pruri'tus.  Itching.  The  dry 
ophthalmia,  A'<  rophfhal'mia. 

'  CNISMOREGMIA,  Pyrosis. 

CNI8M0S,  Cnesmos. 

!  SSA,  see  Nidorqus. 
CNISSOREG'MIA,  from  xvuroa,  'the  smell  of 
burnt  fat,'  and  opiyu>,  'I  put  forth;'  Rut-tun   nido- 
A    nidorous    eructation,    as    of    rotten 

CN'YMA,    KWfia.    A   slight  itching.     Also,   a 
puncture  or  vellication. — Galen. 
COA<  TUS,  see  Curds. 
00  \<TM.  Phytolacca  deoandra, 
COAGMENTATIO.  Gomphosis. 

■  I  LABLB  LYMPH,  Fibrin,  Liquor  san- 

OOAG'TJLANTS,    Coagulan'Ha,    from    eoagu- 

Inre, — itself  from  <■>>  and  agere,  'to  aot  together,' 

or  from  cogo,  '  to  drive  or  bring  together.'     Remc- 

supj>ose«l    to   possess    the   power 

of  coagulating  the  blood,  or  to  give  consistency 

to  animal  fluids.      The  word   and    the  absurd   no- 
tions connected  with  it  are  equally  abaudoued. 


COAGTTLA'TION,     Coagula'Ho,    Thrombo'eii, 

The  conversion  of  a  liquid  into  a  more  or  less 
soft  and  tremulous  mass.  Many  animal  and 
vegetable  fluids  are  capable  of  coagulation. 

COAGULATUS,  Bee  Curds. 

COAG'ULUM,  Qrwnus,  (]?.)  Caillot,  Grumeau, 
ra  small  clot.')  A  Boft  mass  formed  in  a  COagU- 
lable  1'ujuid.  The  Clot  <>/  the  Blood  is  particu- 
larly so  called  —  the  Oruor,  Tn'sula,  Platen' ta, 
Hepar  San'guini*,  Crassamen'tutn,  Sanguis  con- 
ere' t us  ; — the  red  mass,  composed  of  fibrin,  serum, 
and  colouring  matter,  which    separates  when    tho 

blood  is  left  to  itself.  See  Blood.  The  word  is 
also  applied,  in  pathology,  to  the  sanguineous 

concretions,  which  form  in  different  natural  and 
accidental  cavities:  and  which,  when  they  occur 
at  the  mouth  of  a  divided  artery,  sometimes  sus- 
pend the  How  of  blood.  This  is,  indeed,  one  of 
the  means  by  which  hemorrhage  is  arrested. 

CoAG'n.iM  An  'minis,  Coag'ulum  Alumino'- 
sum,  Cataplaa'ma  alu'tninis,  Alum  curd  or  citta- 
plaetn.  This  is  made  by  beating  the  white  of 
egg  with  a  little  alum,  until  a  coagulum  is  formed. 
It  is  applied  in  cases  of  ophthalmia,  where  an 
astringent  is  necessary. 

COALES'CENCE,  Coalescen'tia,  CoalW'io 
par'tium,  from  conleseere,  'to  run  together,' 
\co,  and  alere,  'to  nourish,')  Sym'physis,  Pros'- 
physis.  The  adhesion  or  union  of  parts  pre- 
viously separated,  as  in  case  of  wounds  and  pre- 
ternatural adhesions  or  malformations.  See 
Monster. 

COALFISII,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

COALITIO,  Coalition,  Symphysis. 

Coalitio  P\  in  km.  Coalescence. 

COALIT'ION,  Goalifio.  The  same  etymon 
as  coalescence.  It  has  been  used  in  the  same 
cases;  as  well  as  to  express  the  action  of  several 
parts  of  the  frame,  which  have  the  same  nu- 
trition. 

COALITUS,  Symphysis. 

COALTER'N^l  FEBRES.  A  name  given  to 
two  intermittents,  which  attack  a  person  at  the 
same  time,  but  whose  paroxysms  are  distinct:  so 
that  the  attack  of  one  supervenes  when  the  other 
has  ceased.  The  term  Double  Intermittent  ex- 
presses the  same  meaning. 

COAPTATION,  Coapta'tio,  from  en,  and 
aptare,  '  to  adjust,'  'adapt:'  Pararjo'tje.  The  act 
of  adapting  the  two  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bone  to  each  other;  or  of  restoring  a  luxated 
bone  to  its  place.  Coaptation  must  be  effected 
gently.  Usually,  extension  and  counter-exten- 
sion are,  in  the  first  place,  necessary. 

COARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  Synarthrosis. 

COARCTATIO,  Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric- 
ture— o.  Ventriculi,  Stricture  of  the  Stomach. 

COARCTA'TION,  Coarcta'tio,  from  coorctare, 
'to  straiten.'  Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks  of 
Coarctation  of  the  Pulse. 

COARCTOTOMIE,  Coarctotom'ia,  a  hybrid 
term,  from  coaretare,  *  to  narrow,'  and  rofi?),  '  in- 
cision.' Urethrotomy,  when  limited  to  the  simple 
division  Of  B  stricture. 

COAT,  see  Enduit —  c.  Buffy,  Corium  phlogis- 
ticuin. 

COATED,  see  Enduit. 

COBALT,  PROTOXIDE  OF.  Smalt. 

COBBAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cob- 
ham  is  seven  miles  from  Kingston,  in  Surrey, 
England.     The  waters  are  weak  saline  purgatives. 

COBRA  D[  CAPELLO,  Crotalus  horridus. 

COBWEB,  Araness  tela. 

COCAS II.  Brigeron  Philadelphicum. 

COCCA'RIUM.      A  very  small  pill. 

COCCHTA,  Cdehia. 

COCCI  GRANUM,  Kermes— c.  Oricntales,  see 
||  MenL-peruium  cocculus. 


COCCIGIO-CUTANE 


218 


COCHLEARIS 


CO CCIGIO-CUTANE  SPHINCTER,S^hmc- 
ter  ani  externus. 

COCCINELLA,  diminutive  of  kokkos,  coccus, 
'a  berry'  which  it  resembles.     Coccus  cacti. 

Coccinel'la  Septempuncta'ta,  Lady -bird, 
Lady-cow,  Lady-bug,  Cow-lady,  Cushy-cow-lady, 
(Prov.)  Fly-golding,  Golden-bug,  Golden-knop. 
This  insect,  bruised  upon  an  aching  tooth,  has 
long  been  regarded  as  anti-odontalgic, 

COC'CION,  kokkiov.  A  weight,  mentioned  by 
Myrepsus  ;  the  same  as  the  siliqua. 

COCCIONELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum. 

COCCOGNIDIA,  Cnidia  grana. 

COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA,  see  Kino. 

COCCONES,  see  Punica  granatum. 

COCCUL^l  OFFICINARUM,  see  Menispcr- 
mura  cocculus. 

COCCULUS  CRISPUS,  Menispermum  tuber- 
culatum— c.  Indi  aromaticus,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  cocculus — c.  Pal- 
raatus,  Columba  —  c.  Suberosus,  Menispermum 
cocculus. 

COCCUM,  Cnidia  grana,  Kermes  —  c.  Baphi- 
cum,  Kermes — c.  Infectorium,  Kermes — c.  Scar- 
latinum,  Kermes — c.  Tinctorum,  Kermes. 

COCCUS,  (kokkos,  'a  berry,')  Coccus  cacti — c. 
Americanus,  Coccus  cacti. 

Coccus  Cacti.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Coch'ineal  Insect,  Coccinel'la,  Cockinil'la,  Coccio- 
vel'la,  CocciniV la  ,  Ficns  In' dice  grana,  Coccus 
Ptdon'icus  seu  America'nus  seu  In'divns  Tincto'- 
rius,  Scarabae'olus  hemisphcs1 ricus,  Cochiuelif  era 
cochinil'la,  Coccus  America'nus,  Cochiuelle,  Coc- 
cus;  the  Coch'ineal  Animal,  (F.)  Cochenille, 
Graine  d'Ecarlate.  Class,  Insecta.  Order,  He- 
miptera.  The  cochineal  insects  have  a  faint, 
heavy  odour;  their  taste  is  acrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent;  colour  blackish-red  externally, — 
purple-red  within.  They  are  used  chiefly  for 
giving  a  red  colour  to  tinctures,  &c.  They  were, 
at  one  time,  esteemed  astringent,  stimulant,  diu- 
retic, and  anodyne. 

Coccus  Ilicis,  Kermes — c.  Indicus  tinctorius, 
Coccus  cacti — c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus— c.  Polonicus,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCYCEPH'ALUS,  Coccy'go-ceph'alus,  (F.) 
Coccycephale,  from  coccyx  and  KapaXn,  'the  head.' 
A  monster  whose  head  has  the  shape  of  the  os 
coccygis. 

COCCYGEAL,  Coccygeus  — c.  Nerve,  see  Sa- 
cral Nerves. 

COCCYGE'US,  Coccygeal,  (F.)  Coccygien, 
from  kokkv^,  because  it  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx  ; 
Inch  io- Coccygeus,  (F.)  Ischio-coccygien.  Belong- 
ing both  to  the  ischium  and  coccyx.  The  muscle 
In/i  io-coccygeus,  Leva' tor  Coccy'gis,  Triangula' ris 
Coccy'gis.  It  arises  from  the  spinous  process  of 
the  ischium,  and  is  inserted  into  the  extremity  of 
the  sacrum;  and  into  nearly  the  whole  length  of 
the  os  coccygis  laterally.  It  retains  the  coccyx 
in  place,  and  prevents  it  from  being  forced  back- 
wards during  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 
COCCYGIO-ANAL,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 
COCCYGIO-CUTANE  SPHINCTER, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGOCEPHALUS,  Coccycephalus. 
COCCYMELEA,  Prunus  domestica. 
COCCYX,  'a  cuckoo,'  whose  bill  it  is  said  to 
resemble;  Os  Coccy'gis  seu  Al'agas,  Cauda,  Ossis 
sacri  acu'men,  Rump  or  Crupper  Bone,  Cu'culus, 
Uropyg'ion,  Span' dy  I  is,  Spondyl'ium.  An  assem- 
blage of  small  bones,  attached  to  the  lower  part 
of  the  sacrum  ;  the  curvature  pf  which  it  pro- 
longs, and  of  which  it  seems  to  be  an  appendage. 
Generally,  it  consists  of  four  bones.     Behind  the 


base  of  the  coccyx  are  two  small  tubercular  emi- 
nences.    These  are  called  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx. 

COCHEMAE,  Incubus. 

COCHENILLE,  Coctus  cacti. 

COCHERIA,  Cochia. 

C  0  C  H  I  A,  Cocchia,  Cache' via,  from  kokkos, 
'berry,'  '  seed,'  or  from  ko%vu),  '  to  flow  profusely.' 
An  ancient  name  for  several  officinal  purgative 
pills;  thus  called,  either  because  they  produced 
copious  evacuations,  or  were  shaped  like  a  seed. 

COCHIN  LEG,  see  Elephantiasis. 

COCHINEAL,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCHIN ELIFERA  COCHINILLA,  Coccus 
cacti. 

COCHINILLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCH'LEA.  A  Snail's  shell,  (F.)  Limacon, 
Coquille,  Cochlee.  Anatomists  have  given  this 
name  to  the  most  anterior  of  the  three  cavities, 
which  constitute  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  the 
Pelvis  Au'rium,  Concha  auris  inter'na  seu  La- 
byrinthi,  Ca'v'itas  cochlea'ta  seu  buccina'ta,  An- 
trum buccino'sum,  Troch'lea  labyrinth'i  :  —  and 
that  of  Scales  of  the  Cochlea,  (F. )  Rumpes  du  li- 
macon, to  two  spiral  cavities  in  the  interior  of  the 
cochlea.  One  of  these  scalae  terminates  at  the 
Fenes'tra  rotun'da,  and  is  called  Scala  tympani : 
the  other  opens  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part 
of  the  vestibule  :  it  is  called  Scala  vestib'uli. 

Cochlea,  Scal,e  op  the,  see  Cochlea. 

COCHLEAR,  Cochlea'ris,  (F.)  Cochleaire, 
Cochlearien.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
cochlea. 

Cochlear,  Cochleare — c.  Auriculare,  Ear-pick 
— e.  Nerve,  see  Auditory  Nerve. 

COCHLEA'RE,  Coch'lear,  Cochlea 'rium ,  from 
cochlea  ;  its  bowl  resembling  a  shell.  A  spoonful, 
(F.)  Cuilleree;  abbreviated  in  prescriptions  usu- 
ally to  coch.     See  Abbreviation.     Also,  a  scoop. 

Cochlha're  Magnum,  a  tablespoonful ;  C.  3/e'- 
dium,  a  dessert  or  pap-spoonful;  and  C.  JJiu'i- 
mum,  a  teaspoonful. 

COCHLEA'RIA,  from  cochleare,  'a  spoon,'  so 
called  from  its  resemblance.      C.  officinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Armora'cia,  Raph'amts  rusti- 
ca'nus  seu  mari'nus  seu  syhes'tris  seu  magna, 
Armora'cia,  A.  sati'va  seu  rustica'na,  Horse- 
radish; (Sc.)  Rotcoll.  Earn.,  Cruciferae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  (F.)  Raifort  aam- 
vage,  Cran,  Gran  de  Bretagne,  Cranson,  Moutarde 
des  3/oines  ou  des  Allemands,  Radis  de  clieral. 
The  root  of  horseradish  is  frequently  used  at 
table;  and  has  long  been  in  the  Materia  Medic  a. 
It  is  stimulant  and  diuretic.  Externally,  it  is 
rubefacient. 

Cochlea'ria  Coron'opus,  Coron'opus,  Coron'- 
opus  Ruel'lii  seu  depres'sus  seu  vulga'ris,  Le- 
pid'ium  squama'tum,  Senebie'ra  coron'opus,  }\'i!d 
Scurvy  Grass,  Swine's  Cress,  (F.)  Come  de  Cerf. 
This  European  plant  is  considered  to  be  diuretic 
and  antiscorbutic.  The  term  Coron'opus  was 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  various  plants. 

Cochlearia  Hortensis',  Cochlearia  officinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Officinalis,  Cochlearia,  C.  hor- 
ten'sis  seu  pyrena'ica  seu  vulga'ris,  Lemon  Scurry 
Grass,  Common  Scurvy  Grass,  (Sc.)  Scrubie-grass, 
(Prov.)  Scrooby -grass,  (F.)  Cranson,  Herbe  aux 
cuillers.  It  has  been  considered  a  powerful  anti- 
scorbutic.    It  is  sometimes  eaten  in  salad. 

Cochlearia  Pyrenaica,  C.  officinalis — c.  Vul- 
garis, C.  officinalis. 

COCHLEARIFOR'MIS.  from  cochleare, 
'a  spoon,'  and  forma,  'shape  ;'  (F.)  Becde  driller* 

COCHLEARIFORMIS    PltOCES'sUS,   Cochlear' ij arm 

process.  A  small,  very  thin  plate,  which  sepa- 
rates the  bony  portion  of  the  Eustachian  tube 
from  the  canal  for  the  passage  of  the  tensor  tym- 
pani. 

COCHLEA'RIS.  A  gelatinous  looking  tissue, 
seen  on  opening  the  cochlea,  by  which  the  mem- 


COCHLEAR  I  I'M 


21  0 


CCELIAC 


brnnous  zone  is  connected,  at  its  outer  or  convex 
margin,  with  the  outer  wall,  li  ii  supposed  by 
Todd  and  Bowman  to  bo  muscular:  and  to  have 
a  preservative  office,  being  placed  to  defend  the 
cochlear  nerve.-  from  undue  vibrations  of  sound, 
in  ;i  way  analogous  to  that  in  which  the  iris  pro- 
tects the  retina  from  si  ■  bsAvs  light. 

<  OCHLE  villi  "M.  Cochleare, 

BO'NB,  Koxuin.  The  junction  of  the 
ischium,  near  the  seal  ur  breeeh. — Foesius.  The 
I  proper,  from  the  hip-bones  to  the  anus. 

The  perinseum.     The  coccyx. 

COCIL'IO.     A  weight  of  eleven  ounces. 
COCK  EY  B,  Bee  Lnscitaa. 

K  OR  \-s.  Lolinm  temnlentnnu 
COCKLE,  '  ORN,  Lychnis  githago. 
COCKLE  BUR,  Agrimony,  Xanthium. 
«  OCKLES,  [ND1  v.\.  see  Meniepermnm  coc- 
ralue. 

IKMTNT,  Tanacstom  balsamita, 

<  OCKSPOR.  Ergot— c.  Rye,  Ergot 
CO<  KUP  H  \  T.  Stillingia, 
C0CK1  B  U'.Y.  Arum  maeulatuin. 
COCLES,  Bo\ 

COCO,  Cocos  nucifera. 

or  !in:   Maldives',  Cocos  de  dfaldi'vd. 
The  fruit  of  a  palm,  called  LodaHce'a  by  Corn- 
It  was   formerly  termed,   in   the  shops, 
Hed'ica,  and  enjoyed  great  reputation. 
COCOA,  Cacao,  Cocos  nucifera. 
0  \  CACAVIFERA,  Caeao. 
OB  W.  Mai  de  Ban  Lazaro. 
COCO-OLEIN,  see  C  icos  nucifera. 
COCOS    BUTYRA'CEA.     The   name   of   the 
plant  which  affords  the  palm  oil,  O'leum  paTma, 
obtained  chiefly  from  the  fruit,  by  bruising  and 
■fixing  the  kernels  with  water,  without  the  aid 
of  heat,  by  which   the  oil   is   separated   and  rises 
to   the  surface.     It  is   of  the   consistence  of   an 
ointment,  with   little  taste,  and  a  strong,  though 
not  disagreeable,  smell.     It  is  applied  to  sprains, 
A<\  :  but  lias  no  advantages  over  other  oils.    It  has 
sed  ss  tli e  excipient  for  suppositories,  and 
has  heen  called,  also,  <)'!<  nm   Pn/mce  seba'venm, 
0.  fis'iim  nucutn  cocos   butyra'cea)   and   Mackau) 
t'ni.     It    is    procured    likewise   from    the    Ela'is 
x'sis,  and  Ela'is  Oceidenta'lis,  two  Bpecies 
of  palm-.     Cocos  is  Baid  to  be  contracted   from 
or   macaco,    'a   monkey,'  the   three 
it   the  end  of  the  cocoa-nut  shell  causing 
it  to  resemble  somewhat  a  monkey's  head. 

-   Ni  i  ik'kiia,  Palma  cocoa,  (F.)  Cocotier. 
.    Palmse.     The    systematic    name   of   the 
plant    whose    fruit    is    the    cocoa-nut.      (F.)    Coco. 
It  i-  an  sgreeable  kernel,  hut  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion.     Emulsions,  orgeat,  Ac,  are  made  from   it. 
The  juice  of  the  cocoa.  Toddy,  when  fermented, 
form-  wine,  and    arrack  is  distilled  from  it.      The 
96(]  0il —  Coco-olein — has  been  found  almost 
acious  as  cod-liver  oil  in  tuberculosis. 
OTE,  Infliien/a. 
(  0<  "  TIER,  Cocoa  nucifera, 
laspi  bursa. 

,.   Digestion— o.  Ciborum,  3>i- 
n— <•.  Morbi,  Coction. 
t  'o  'TION,  Coc'tio,  l'< pets,  Pepan'sis,  Pepa*'- 
1  'oncoc'tion,   from   coqut 
'to  boil.'    This  word  bus  been  employed  in 
Tartan  l.  With    t h«>   ancients,   ooetion 

meant  the  particular  kind  of  alteration  which  the 
in  the  digestif  •■  organs,  particu- 
larly in  the  stomach.     It  mean!  a  preparation 
from  its,  crude  state.     2,   It  expressed  the  monit- 
or change,  which  the  humoral  pathologists 
rbific  matter  -  before  elimi. 

ration.     It  was  considered,  thai  oection,  Cocfiio 
morbi,  was  produced  during  the  violence  of  the 
l  bence  this  "a.-  'ailed  the  Period  of 
1 1  imorism. 


COC'YTA,  (F.)  Oocyte,  from  kukvtos,  'lamen- 
tation.' The  pain  caused  by  the  introduction  of 
.  under  the  skin.  —  I/uinaus. 

COD,  or  CODS,  Scrotum. 

COD-OIL,  Oleum  jeeoria  aselli. 

COD-LIVBR  OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  c. 
Olein,  see  Oleum  jeooris  aselli. 

CODAGAPALA  BARK,  Neriup  antidysente- 
ricum. 

CODE,  Codex. 
CODEIA,  Codeine. 

COD'KIX  E,  Codt  i 'a,  ( '<»!>  i'nunt,  PapaverFnum, 
from  Kmita,  'a  poppy  head.'  An  alkaloid  disco- 
vered  by   Robiquel    in   opium,   in    1832.      It   is 

soluble   in    water,   alcohol   and   ether,   and   unites 
readily    with    acid--.      A-    a    hypnotic.    Mag 

thinks  one  grain  of  Icia  equal   to   half  a   grain 

of  morphia.     The  muriate  of  oodeia  appears  to 

inger  than  the  pure  codeia. 
CODESELLA,  Anthrax. 
CODEX.     A  collection  of  laws.     (F.  | 
By  extension,  B   collection  of  approved    medical 
formula',  with    the   processes    necessary  for  form- 
ing the   compounds   referred  to  in  it.      The    Pari- 
sian  Pharmacopoeia  is  styled  Codex  medicame*- 
ta/riue. 

CoDBX  Mkdicami-.ntarius,  Pharmacopoeia,  see 
Codex. 

CODIA,  Papaver  (capsule.) 
CODOCELE.  P>ub„. 
CODOSCELLA,  Bubo. 
C03CAL,  Caacal. 
CCECITAS,  Caeeitas. 
CffiCUM.  Caecum. 
COEFFE,  Caul. 

CCE'LIA,  KoiXia,  KoiXr),  'a  hollow  place/  Thig 
word  generally  meant  a  cavity  in  the  body: — tho 
abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has  also  been  used 
for  the  alimentary  canal,  <fcc. :  —  avu  tmXta,  'the 
Stomach,' xartd  KoiXta,  'the  abdomen.'  Also,  an 
alvine  evacuation  ;  excrement. 

CCE'LIA C,  Cce'liacuM,  Gastrocas'liacus,  Gaetro- 
cce'lieue,  (F.)  Ca?!iarjite  mi  Ciliaque,  from  koi\ih, 
•the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  llelating  to  tho 
cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

CtSLIAC  AbtBRT,  Arte'ria  Ce'llacn,  Cadiae 
axis,  Artire  opietogastrique,  (Ch.)  A.  Caeliaque, 
Tronc  coeliaque,  Tripied  de  la  ocsliaque,  is  situate 
above  the  pancreas,  and  behind  the  upper  part 
of  the  stomach,  ft  arises  from  the  anterior  part 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  where  it  passes  between 
the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  soon  divides 
into  the  coronaria  ventrieuli,  hepatic,  and  splenic 
arteries. 

CkxLlAO  Flex,  Cadiae  Passion,  Cadiaca  chylo'- 
■a,  Diarrhat'a  ehylo'sa  sen  chymo'ea,  Fluxvs  <•//'/- 
lo'xwi  sen  cadiaeus,  Pastio  <<i/i<t<-<i  sen   Ventricu- 
lo'sa,    Chymocke'aia,    Flam-   alb  us   intestino'rumj 
Chylorrhce'a,  Ckymorrhae'a,  Coeliaca  lac' tea,   '/■  r- 
hus  eadiacue,  Chytodiarrhat'a,  Qalactodiarrh&'a, 
Sedes  lacteeccn'tes,  Gastrorrhar'a,  (F.)  Fltu 
u.jui.     A  species  of  diarrhoea,  in  which  the  food 
is  discharged    by  the  bowels   in  an   undig 
condition.      Jiy  some,  defined   to   be  diarrhoea  at- 
tended with  discharges  of  ohyle  or  chyme.     It  is 
in  general,  symptomatic  of  tubercular  disease  of 
the  mesenteric  glands.     Sec  Lientery. 
Ca  liac  P  kSBiosr,  Coeliac  flux. 
CdUifl   I'm  \i  v.  Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  mesen- 
ter'ii    pro'priut    <t    max'imus,    /'.    gangli/or'mls 
semiluna'ris,    (V.)    Plexus   midicm   on   opistogas- 
trique,  (Ch.),  Pi.  Coeliac  ou  solaire,  Ganglion  de 
Yii-.rssi  trs,  i-  formed  of  numerous  nervous  lila- 

BOentS,  which  pro,- 1  from  the  semilunar  ganglia 

of  the  great  sympathetic.     It  is  strengthened  by 

several    branches   of  the    right    and   left    pncunio- 

gastric    nerves;    i>    seated    around    the   trunk   of 

I  the  coeliac  artery,  behind    the   stomach,  and  I'ur- 

,  nishes    tho   secondary  plexuses  —  the  diaphragm 


CCELIACA 


220 


COHOSH 


matic,  coro»a)-i/  of  the  stomach,  splenic  and  he- 
patic, which  accompany  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name. 

CCE'LIACA,  from  koiXhikos,  ' coeliac'  Diseases 
of  the  digestive  organs;  the  1st  class  in  Good's 
Nosology.  It  comprises  two  orders,  Enterica  and 
Splauehniea.  Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the 
digestive  organs. — Pereira. 

Cceliaca  Chylosa,  Coeliac  flux  —  c.  Lactea, 
Coeliac  flux  —  c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

C(ELIADELPH'US,  from  cozlia,  and  ahX<pos, 
'brother.'  Anocoeliadelph'us.  A  double  mon- 
ster, in  which  the  two  bodies  are  united  at  the 
abdomen. 

CCELIiE'MIA,  Hyperemia  abdom'inis,  Con- 
gen' tio  abdomina'lis,  from  KoiXia,  'abdomen,'  and 
'atjia,  'blood.'  Hyperaemia  or  congestion  of  the 
blood-vessels  of  the  abdomen. 

CCE'LIAGRA,  Gastri'tis  seu  Ehteri'tis  seu  CoV- 
iea  seu  Biarrhoe'a  arthrit'ica.  Gout  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

CCELIALGIA,  Tormina. 

C(ELIAQUE,  THE  PIED  BE  LA,  Coeliac 
arterv. 

CCELIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

CCELIOCHYSIS,  Ascites. 

C03LI0CYESIS,  Pregnancy,  abdominal. 

CCELIODYNL^  Colic. 

CCELIOLYSIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELION'CUS,  Cozliophy' ma,  from  KoiXia,  'the 
abdomen,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  abdomen. 

CCELIOPHYMA,  Coelioncus. 

CCELIOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula  peritonei, 
from  KoiXta,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,'  and 
cpv/ia,  'a  hard  tumour.'  Tubercles  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

CCELIOPSOPHIA,  Borborygmus. 

CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  KotXia,  '  the  abdomen,' 
and  nvuxrig,  'suppuration.'  Suppuration  of  the 
abdomen  or  its  parietes. 

CCELI0RRHG3A,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  abdom'- 
inis, from  KoiXia,  'the  abdomen,'  and  pev/ia,  'de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

CCELIOSPAS'MUS,  from  KoiXia,  'abdomen/ 
and  airaa/ioi,  'spasm.'  Spasm, or  cramp  of  the 
abdomen. 

CCELO'MA,  from  koiXos,  'hollow.'  A  round 
ulcer  of  the  cornea,  broader  and  deeper  than  that 
described  under  the  name  Bothrion. 

CCELON,  Cavity. 

CCELOPHLEBFTIS, from  Ko<Aof,  'cavus/^Ae^, 
cjXtfios,  'a  vein,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  vena  cava. 

CCELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from  koiXos,  'hollow,' 
and  ofdaXfxog,  'eye.'     One  who  is  hollow-eyed. 

C(ELOSTOM'IA,  from  kocXos,  'hollow,'  and 
aroiia,  'mouth.'  A  defect  in  speaking,  when  the 
voice  seems  as  if  it  came  from  a  cavern; — that  is, 
obsi-ure,  and  as  if  at  a  distance. 

CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  hollow  voice. 

CCELOTES,  Cavity. 

CQ3XADELPH'US,  from  koivos,  'common,' and 
ahX<pog,  'brother.'  A  double  monster,  the  two 
portions  having,  in  common,  one  or  more  organs 
indispensable  to  life. 

CCENiESTHE'SIS,  from  Koivog,  'common,' and 
aiaSr/ais,  'feeling.'  Con&sthe'sis,  (F.)  Cenesthesie. 
Cnminon  feeling.  Some  German  writers  mean, 
by  this,  a  sixth  sense.  It  is  the  feeling  of  self- 
existence  or  individuality,  and  is  manifested  by 
the  sense  of  buoyancy  or  depression,  which  we 
experience  without  any  known  cause; — by  invol- 
untary shuddering,  feeling  of  chill  or  glow,  <fcc. 


C03N0L0GIA,  Consultation. 
CCE'NOTES,  Koivorr,s,  'commonness,'  from 
koivos,  'common.'  The  physicians  of  the  metho- 
dic sect  asserted,  that  all  diseases  arise  from  re- 
laxation, stricture,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  These 
were  called  Coenotes :  or  what  diseases  have  in 
common. 

COETUS,  Coition. 

C(ECR.  Heart. 

COF'FEA  ARAB'ICA,  C.vulga'ris,  Jas'minum 
Arab'icum,  (F.)  Cafler,  Cafeier,  and  Cafcyer. 
Order,  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  plant  which  affords  coffee,  Choava, 
Bon,  Buna,  (F.)  Cafe.     Originally  from  Yemen. 

The  infusion  of  coffee  is  an  agreeable  and 
wholesome  article  of  diet.  It  is,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, a  tonic,  and  is  employed  as  such  in  conva- 
lescence, especially  from  fevers,  &c.  In  cases 
of  poisoning  by  opium,  and  in  old  asthmas,  its 
use  has  been  extolled.  For  this  purpose  the 
Moka  is  the  best.  It  ought  to  be  newly  torrefied, 
but  not  too  much  burnt;  should  be  strong,  and 
drunk  soon  after  grinding. 

A  highly  azoted  alkaloid  was  first  found  in  cof- 
fee, and  called  Cafein  or  Caffein.  It  was  after- 
wards discovered  in  the  leaves  of  the  tea  plant, 
and  called  Thcin,  and  in  the  Guarana  of  Brazil, 
and  called  Guaranin.  In  doses  of  from  2  to  10 
grains,  it  induces  violent  nervous  and  vascular 
excitement.  Caffein — as  well  as  its  various  salt3 
— the  citrate,  lactate,  malate,  and  muriate,  have 
been  given  as  an  antiperiodic  in  grain  doses. 

Factitious  Coffees  have  been,  from  time  to  time, 
recommended,  but  they  are  infinitely  inferior  to 
the  genuine.  Various  substitutes  have  been  pro- 
posed ;  icheat,  barley,  hollyberries,  acorns,  sun- 
flower  seeds,  beech-mast,  peas,  beans,  succory -root, 
seeds  of  gooseberries  and  currants  left  in  making 
wine,  and  washed,  —  sliced  turnips,  &c.  These 
have  been  roasted,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
butter  or  oil:  but  they  have  not  the  aroma  of 
coffee.  The  best  substitute  is  said  to  be  the  seeds 
of  the  Yelloio  water  flag,  Gladiolus  luteus  or  Iris 
pseudacorus, 

Hunt's  (Economical  Breakfast  Powder  con- 
sisted of  rye,  roasted  with  a  little  butter. 

COFFEE-BEAN  TREE,  KENTUCKY,  Gym- 
nocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE-TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE,  WILD,  Triosteum. 

COGNASSIER,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology 

COHABITATIO,  Coition. 

COHABITA'TION,  Cohabita'tio,  from  cum, 
'with,'  and  habitare,  'to  dwell.'  The  act  of 
dwelling  together.  In  legal  medicine,  it  means 
the  consummation  of  marriage. —  Copulation. 

COHE'SION,  CohoBsio,  from  co,  and  hcerere, 
'to  stick.'  Vis  cohcesio'nis  seu  adhaesio'nis  seu 
attractio'nis,  Force  of  cohe'sion,  Attraction  of  co- 
hesion or  of  aggregation,  is  that  force  in  the  par- 
ticles of  matter,  whereby  they  are  connected  in 
such  a  way  as  to  resist  any  attempt  towards  their 
removal  or  separation.  This  force  has  to  be  at- 
tended to,  in  the  management  of  disease.  Emol- 
lients, rubbed  into  a  part,  act  by  diminishing  the 
cohesion. 

COHIBENS,  Epischeticus. 

COHOBA'TION,  Cohoba'tio,  Coho'bium,  Co'- 
hob,  Co'hoph.  Distillation  of  a  liquid  —  already 
distilled — on  the  same  substances.  When  this  is 
repeated  three  or  four  times,  it  is  called  Recoho- 
ba'tion. 

COHOL.  Synonym  of  Alcohol.  Also,  a  dry 
collyrium. — Avicenna. 

COHOSH,  Actaea  racemosa,  Caulophyllum 
thalictroi'des  —  c.  Black,  Actaea  racemosa  —  c. 
,  Blue,  Caulophyllum  thalyctroides — c.  Blueberry, 


C  0 II U  S  II 


COLIC 


Caulophyllum  thalictroides — c.  Red,  Aetna  rubra 
—  ■.   White,   A. Ma  all>:i. 

COHUSH,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides. 

FFE,  Caul. 
COIGN,  ><•■■  Pyrus  cydonia. 
COIGNASSTER,  l'ynis  oydonia. 

■n«  IIDEN'TIA,  from  eo,and  irmdo  [in,  nnd 

'to  fall  or  happen.'     Borne  authors  have 

translated,  by  this  term,  the  word  parempto'tis, 

Qalen  to  designate  the  aoeiaeioa  of  the 

foramen  optienta  by  a  humour,  proceeding  from 

the  base  of  the  brain,  and  occasioning  blindness  ! 

■Hi. 

COIN'DICANT,    OtrXn'dioans,    from    co,    and 

in- //<■•'.  •  I  indicate.' 

Coix'dicaxi  SiGKfl  are  those  which  furnish  the 
same  indications;    or  which  confirm  the  indica- 
tion afforded  by  another  sign — ovvcvtciKvvucva. 
OOIR  \.  Catechu. 
COIRAS,  Scrofula. 
CO  IT.  Coition. 

COIT'TOX,    Co'itus,    Co'etus,    from    ooeo,   (co, 

and  >   .  '  getber.'     ( 'o'itut  > .  '  op- 

nla'tion,    Copula'tio,    Cop' via    Cama'lis,   Aphro- 

die' in.  Aphrodisiasm'ue,  Epip' loci,  Acees' sue,  />'"- 

ii'i'ti".  Amplexa'tio,  Amplex'ue,  Oonven'tus,  Com- 

pUx'io,  Conju'gium,  Agglutina'tio,  Lagne'a,  Lag- 

v  n' in".   Lagnei'a,  -Vt.cis.  Permis'tio,  Pertnix'tio, 

Syndya*' mus,  Synn'sia,   GoncH-'bitus,   Congres'aus, 

.,     //•  i     Vi  '"  ''■■  ■>.     Concu'bilua 

(«,     I'rce'liuin,    DnelV  urn    vene' renin,     Xoc- 

tnr'ii"  ■  in  corpora' lia,  Homil'ia,  1  i  /»'- 

try,  Sexual  intercourse,  (F.)  Coit,  Approehe,  Ac- 

coiiplemeiit.     The  carnal  union  of  the  sexes. 

COITl' RE.  Coitus. 

COITUS.  Coition— c.  Dimcilis,  Dyssynodus— c. 
Sodotniticus,  Euggery. 

COL,  Collum — e.  da  In  Matties,  Collum  uteri — 

linn  uteri. 
COLA.  Articulation. 
COLATIO,  pee  Colatura, 

COLATO'RIUM,  Hylister,  from  colare,  'to 
strain.'  A  strainer  of  any  kind.  (F.)  Couloir. 
A  term  by  which  the  ancient  physicians  described 
every  canal  or  conduit  through  which  the  excre- 
mentitious  humonrfl  of  the  body  are  evacuated. 
-.  GstulaB,  setons,  caustics,  &c,  have  been 
called  artificial  or  accidental  Colatoria,  because 
they  were  considered  to  be  passages  by  which 
the  animal  economy  is  freed  from  some  morbific 
matter. 

COLATUM,  see  Colatura. 

COLATl'KA.  from  colore,  'to  strain.'     Cola' - 
tnui,    F.J  Colature.     A  filtered  or  strained  liquor. 
It  likewise   means   straining  a  liquid,  —  Cola'tio, 
Dii/'lixin.  Diylis'mus,  Hy'liaia,  Hylia'mita. 
COL'CHESTER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
its.     The  waters  of  Colchester 
the  hitter  purging  kind,  similar  to  those 
of  E] 
C0LCHIC1  \.  Bee  Colchicum  antumnale. 
COL'CHICUM,   from   Colchia,  in  Asia,  where 
I  d   to  have  been  common.      Colchicum  au- 
tumn ale. 

■msa'i.k,    from     the    country 

"iliiiiim.     Count,    Meadow    Saffron, 

•    Ichique,  Ttu  ehiett,   Mori  aux  chit 

/run  it- -  fri'-<  <m  bdtard,  Narcissi  d'automne,  VieU 

h.n. .    Nat.  i  hi.  Colohl  .  Sexandria. 

igynia.     The   bulb  or  root  (Bulbua 

rmua),  and  the  seeds.  Col' chid 

the  parts  used  in  medietas.    The  taste 

Is  acrid,  excoriating  the  mouth  :  but  the  acrimony 

•  by  drying.     It   is  narcotic,  diuretic,  and 

cathartic:   and   has   been   given   in   dropsy,  gout, 

ami  rheumatism.     I>'  se,  gr.  j  to  rj  of  the  fresh 

bulb,     it  is  supposed  to  be  the  active  ingredient 

of  tL  lieinale   aVHusson,     The   active 


principle  is  called  Colchic" to.  Colchicum,  in  an 
orer-dose,  is  an  aoro-narootio  poison. 

Dr.  Wilton**  Tincture  for  the  (i<>ut  is  said  to  be 
merely  an  infusion  of  Colchicum,  or  Col'ehiein. 

CoLCHicna  Zi.yi.vm>  Die,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

COLCHIQUE,  Colchicum  aotumnale. 

COL'COTHAR,  C.  Vitrioli,  Henri' cua  rubens, 
Chalci'tia,  Brown  red,  Rouge,  Crocus,  Oxidutn 
I\  ni  rubrum,  Tritox'ydum  Ferri,  Sulphaa  I  • 

eii/eiim'tiiiii.     Ferritin     lit rinln' 7  um     uxtum, 

vitrioli  duleie,  Crocua  nun-tin  vitriola'tus  sen  ad- 
strin' gene,  (F.)  Rouge  oTAngleterr*  ou  "'■  Prut**, 
Sa/rom  de  Morn  aatringent.  The  red  oxide  nf 
iron,  obtained  by  calcining  sulphate  of  iron  to 

redness,  with   or  without   the   contact   of  air.      It 
a  the  general  properties  of  the  prepara- 
tions of  iron,  and  lias  been  applied  to  staunch 
blood,  kc. 

<  OLD,  (Sax.)  cols,  Frigua,  Psychos,  (F.)  Froid. 
asation  produced  by  the  abstraction  of 
caloric  from  our  organs, —  Oheima,  Chimon.     See 
Heat. 

Three  degrees  of  cold  are  generally  distin- 
guished in  disease.  1.  The  Bimple  feeling  of  cold 
(Algor),  2.  Chilliness  (Honor),  and  3.  Shivering 
(Rigor).  Cold  is  employed  in  medicine,  chiefly, 
as  a  refrigerant  and  sedative. 

Cold  is,  also,  used  for  a  morbid  affection  in- 
duced by  cold.     'To  take  cold,'  (F.)  s'eurhumer, 
is    to   be   affected   by  a  disease   presumed   to  be 
caused  by  cold.      See  Catarrh  and  Coryza, 
Cold-chill,  Intermittent  fever. 
Cold  in  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal — c. 
in  the  Head,  Coryza. 
COLEITIS,  Colposis. 
COLEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 
COLE(EDEMA,  Elytreedema. 
COLEOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vagina. 
COLEOIiRHEXTS,  from  goAco?,  ' :1  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  pn^n,  'rupture.'     Laceration  or  rup- 
ture of  the  vagina. 
COLEOSITIS,  Leucorrhoea. 
COLEOSTEGNO'SIS,  Colpoategno'sia,   Colpos- 
tenochor'ia,   Colposynize'sis,  from   ^oXeog,  'a   va- 
gina   or    sheath,'    and     oreyvwoi;,    'constriction.' 
Narrowness  of  the  vagina,  natural  or  acquired. 
COLERE,  Rage. 

I  OLES,  Penis — c.  Feminarum,  Clitoris. 
COLE  IS.  Vagina. 
COLIBERT,  Cagot. 

COLIC,  Co'licus,  from  kwW,  'the  colon.'  (F.) 
Coliqne.     Relating  to  the  colon. 

Colic  Arteries,  Artefria  eoliees,  (F.)  Ar&ree 
Coliquee,  are  six  in  number,  three  of  whirl),  given 
off  by  the  superior  metenteric,  are  called  Colica 
de.rtrcp;  and  three,  proceeding  from  the  inferior 
mesenteric,  Colica*  sinis'tra.  All  proceed  towards 
the  colon,  passing  between  the  two  lamina?  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  form  the  mesocolon,  where 
they  ramify  and  anastomose  with  each  other. 
The  first,  Colica  dextra,  Ramus  colica  dexter,  is 
called  G.  dextra  superior,  (Mfao-colique,  —  Ch.) 
The  second,  C.  dextra  media,  Colica  media,  Ra- 
mux  noli  cua  medius,  Arteria  media  auastomot'ica, 
(<'.  droite,  Ch.,)  and  the  third.  C.  dextra  infe'rior 
or  Ueo-coliea,  (A.  eacale, —  Ch.)  of  the  three 
Colica  sinistra',  the  first  or  superior  18  called,  by 
Cbaussier,  Colica  magna  sinis'tra  j  the  Becond  or 
media  is  not  distinguished  from  the  preceding,  as 
they  often  arise  from  a  common  trunk;  and  the 
third  is  called  by  Chaussier  Colica  parva  sinis'- 
tra. To  these  arteries  as  many  reins  correspond, 
which  open  into  the  great  and  little  mesenteric. 

Ooi  10  I.oui:  Of  Tin.  Ln  as  is  the  great  lobe  of 
that  organ. 

Colic,  Co'lica,  0.  Passio,  Colici,  Colicodyn'- 
io.  Cceliodyn'ia,  Dolo'res  intestino'rum,  Dolor 
eo'/iius,  Dysenteronerv'ia,  Enteral' gia,  Gripes, 
Mulligrubs,  Bellyache,  (Se.)  lielhjthrn,  Weaiu-ill, 


COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS 


222 


COLICA  UTERINA 


(Prov.)  Bellyharm,  Bellywarl;  Gullion.  In  its 
etymological  acceptation,  Colic  signifies  an  affec- 
tion or  pain  in  the  colon.  But  it  is  employed  in 
a  more  extensive  signification.  It  includes  every 
acute  pain  of  the  abdomen,  aggravated  at  inter- 
vals. The  word  has  often,  however,  epithets 
affixed  to  it,  which  render  it  more  or  less  precise. 
See  Tqrmina. 

Colic,  Bilious,  Colica  biliosa — c.  Crapulent, 
Colica  crapulosa — c.  Devonshire,  Colica  metallica 
— c.  Horn,  Priapismus — c.  Lead,  Colica  metallica 
■ — c.  Madrid,  Colica  Madridensis  —  c.  Menstrual, 
Colica  menstrualis  —  c.  Metallic,  Colica  metallica 
— c.  Nephretic,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Normandy, 
Colica  metallica  —  c.  Painters',  Colica  metallica 
—  c.  Plumbers',  Colica  metallica  —  c.  of  Poitou, 
Colica  metallica  —  c.  of  Prostitutes,  Colica  scor- 
torutn — c.  Renal,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Saturnine, 
Colica  metallica — c.  Root,  Aletris — c.  of  Surinam, 
Colica  metallica — c.  Uterine,  Colica  uterina  —  c. 
Vegetable,  Colica  metallica — c.  Weed,  Dicentra 
Canadensis — c.  Worm,  Colica  verminosa. 

COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS,  Colica  crapulosa 
— c.  Acuta,  Enteritis — c.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra. 

Co'lica  Bilio'sa,  Bil'ions  Colic,  (F.)  Colique 
Bilieuse.  Colic,  occasioned  by  an  accumulation 
of  bile  in  the  intestines  or  in  its  own  passages. 
The  treatment  required  resembles  that  proper  for 
Colica  convulsiva. 

Colica  Callo'sa.  Colic  attended  with  sense 
of  stricture  in  some  parts  of  the  intestinal  canal ; 
often  of  flatulency  and  pain  ;  the  flatulency  gra- 
dually passing  off  by  the  stricture ;  the  bowels 
tardy ;  and  at  length  discharging  small  liquid 
stools. 

Colica  Convulsi'va,  C.  Spasmod'ica  seu  pi- 
tuito'sa  seu  nervo'sa  seu  idiopath'ica,  Entero- 
spasm'us.  Colic,  not  the  symptom  of  any  other 
affection.  It  is  characterized  by  griping  pain  in 
the  bowels,  chiefly  about  the  navel,  with  vomit- 
ing and  costiveness  —  the  pain  increasing  at  in- 
tervals. The  indications  are  to  clear  the  intes- 
tines, and  allay  spasm.  Calomel  and  opium  — 
castor  oil  and  opium  —  emollient  and  cathartic 
enemata,  with  fomentations,  wet  or  dry,  to  the 
abdomen,  usually  succeed. 

Colica  Crapclo'sa,  C.  accidenta'lis  seu  hel- 
luo'num,  Crap'  ulent  colic,  Surfeit,  Colic  from  over- 
eating, (F.)  Colique  a" Indigestion.  A  colic,  ari- 
sing from  eating  indigestible  aliments,  or  digest- 
ible aliments  in  too  great  abundance.  The  remedy 
is  obvious. 

Colica  Damxoniorum,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Fe- 
bricosa,  Colica  inflammatoria — c.  Figulorum,  Co- 
lica metallica. 

Colica  Flatulen'ta,  Infa'tio,  Gastrodyn'ia 
flatulen'ta,  Physospas'mus,  Pneumatosis  enter'- 
ica,  (F.)  Colique  flatulente  ou  flatueuse  ou  ven- 
teuse.  Colic,  arising  from  an  accumulation  of  air 
in  the  intestines.  It  is  very  common  in  infants, 
and  may  be  relieved  by  aromatics,  especially 
when  combined  with  antacids — for  example,  oil 
of  aniseed  with  magnesia. 

Colica  Helluonum,  Colica  crapulosa. 

Colica  Hemorrhoida'lis,  Hemorrhoid'al  Co- 
lic, (F.)  Colique  hemorrho'idale.  A  kind  of  colic, 
supposed  to  precede  hemorrhoids  or  to  supervene 
on  their  suppression. 

Colica  Hepat'ica,  Hepatal'gia,  Hepatalgia 
Calculo'sa,  Hepat'ic  colic,  (F.)  Colique  hepatique. 
Pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver,  chiefly  about  the 
gall-bladder,  occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a 
biliary  calculus  through  the  cystic  and  choledoch 
ducts. 

Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva  —  c. 
Ileus,  Ileus. 

Colica  Inflammato'ria,  C.  Phlogis'tica  seu 
p>lethor'ica  seu  febrico'sa  seu  pulsat'ilis,  Inflam'- 
ttiCLtory  colic.     The  same  as  enteritis. 


Colica  Lapponica,  see  Seta  equina — c.  Lochi- 
alis,  Dyslochia — c.  Madridensis,  Colic  of  Madrid 
— c.  Nervosa,  Colica  convulsiva,  Colic,  metallic — 
c.  Phlogistica,  Colica  inflammatoria. 

Colica  Madriden'sis,  Colic  of  Jfadrid,  Ma- 
drid Colic.  A  species  of  colic,  endemic  in  se- 
veral provinces  of  Spain,  whose  nature  is  not 
clear.  Its  symptoms  resemble  those  occasioned 
by  lead.     See  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Menstrua'lis,  Men'strual  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  meiustruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes  or 
accompanies  the  menstrual  evacuation,  or  which 
is  owing  to  the  suppression  of  that  evacuation. 

Colica  Metal'lica,  Metal'lic  Colic,  Painters' 
Colic,  Colic  of  Poitou,  Colic  of  Surinam',  Bellon, 
Devonshire  Colic,  Dry  Bellyache,  Dry  Gripes, 
Saturnine  Colic,  Lead  Colic,  Plumbers'  Colic, 
Rachial'gia,  R.  Pic'tonum  seu  Pictavien'sium, 
3forbus  3/etal'licus,  Colicople'gia,  Colica  Rachial'- 
gia seu  Damnonio'rum  seu  Plumbario'rum  seu 
Pic'tonum  seu  Saturni'na  seu  Figulo'rum  seu 
nervo'sa  seu  Picto'rum  seu  sicca,  Paral'ysis  is- 
chialgia, Palmit8  Plumba'rius,  Molybdoco'lica, 
(F.)  Dysenteronervie  Saturnine,  Colique  de  Poi- 
tou ou  vegetale  ou  des  peintres  ou  de  plomb  ou 
metallique  ou  Saturnine  ou  des  barbouilleurs  ou 
seche.  Under  this  head  is  generally  described 
the  colic  produced  by  lead,  as  well  as  the  other 
colics  mentioned  in  the  synonymy;  and  they  cer- 
tainly resemble  each  other  greatly,  although 
some  of  them  are  more  like  bilious  colic.  There 
is  not  much  to  distinguish  this  variety  of  colic 
from  others.  The  same  violent  pain  about  the 
navel  is  present,  with  retraction  of  the  abdomen 
towards  the  spine.  It  is  apt  also  to  occasion 
palsy.  The  only  difference  of  treatment  is  in 
the  necessity  for  employing  more  opium  along 
with  the  purgative.  The  paralytic  sequelae  must 
be  treated  by  change  of  air,  rubbing  the  spine, 
exercise,  &c.  Treating  the  disease  upon  general 
principles  is  infinitely  more  philosophical,  and 
more  successful  than  the  former  empirical  man- 
agement at  La  Charite,  Paris,  which  it  is  unne- 
cessary to  detail. 

The  Colic  of  JIadrid,  Poitou,  Devonshire,  Nor- 
mandy, Ac,  has  been  called  vegetable  colic,  (F.) 
Colique  vegetale,  because  ascribed  to  the  use  of 
new  wine  or  cider,  unripe  fruit,  &c,  although 
really,  perhaps,  owing  to  the  adulteration  of 
wines  and  cider  by  litharge.  All  the  symptoms, 
indeed,  are  those  of  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Nephret'ica,  Nephroco'lica,  Co'lica 
rena'lis,  Nephret'ic  or  Renal  Colic,  (F.)  Colique 
Nephretique.  Acute  pains,  which  accompany 
nephritis,  and  especially  calculous  nephritis,  or 
the  passage  of  a  calculus  into  the  ureter. 

Colica  Pictonum,  Colica  metallica — c.  Picto- 
rum,  Colica  metallica— c.  Pituitosa,  Colica  convul- 
siva—  c.  Plethorica,  Colica  inflammatoria  —  c. 
Plumbariorum,  Colica  metallica  —  c.  Pulsatilis, 
Colic,  inflammatory  —  c.  Rachialgia,  Colica  me- 
tallica— e.  Renalis,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Satur- 
nina,  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Scorto'ru.v,  Colic  of  Pros'titutes.  A 
form  of  colic  said,  by  Dr.  Martin  Hassing,  of  Co- 
penhagen, to  have  been  frequently  observed  by 
him  amongst  that  unfortunate  class  of  beings.  It 
may  well  be  doubted  whether  any  special  affec- 
tion of  the  kind  appertains  to  them. 

Colica  Sicca,  C.  metallica  —  c.  Spasmodica, 
Colica  convulsiva,  Ileus. 

Colica  Sterco'rea,  Colica  Stipa'ta,  Stercora'- 
ceous  Colic,  (F.)  Colique  stercorals  A  species 
of  colic,  ascribed  to  the  retention  of  faecal  mat- 
ters in  the  intestines.  The  retention  is  itself, 
however,  an  effect,  that  may  be  caused  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  colic  pains  themselves. 

Colica  Stipata,  Colica  stercorea. 

Colica    Uteri'xa,    Hys'tero-co'lica,    U'terine 


COLICODYNIA 


•J  2  3 


COLLOID 


Colic,  (F.)  Oolique  wUrine.     Pain  Mated  in  the 
uterus,  Bometimee  called  HyateraVgia* 
0ou<  v  Van r. .1.  i  i.i.  Cardialgia. 
Colica  VkkmiN'i'sa,    Helminthoco'liea,    Worm 
CoUque  verminemse.     Abdominal  pain, 
;.ed  by  the  presence  ut"  worms  in  the  in- 
to! i- 

COLICODYNIA,  Colica. 

COLICOPLEGIA,  Colic,  metallic. 

Co  LI MACoX,  Helix  pomatia,  Umax. 

irbouilUurs,  Colica 
metallica — e.  Hfpatique,  Colica  hepatica — c.  tPIn- 
,.  I    lica  crapulosa — e.  Mitallique,  Colica 
metallica  —  c.  de  Miserere,  lien?  —  c.  </e  Misiri- 
Ileua  —  c.  ties  Peintree,  Colica  metallica  — 
c.  de  Plomb,  Colica  metallica — e.  de  Poitou,  Colica 
metallica  —  c.    Saturnine,    Coliea    metallica — ■  c. 
.   Colica  metallica  —  c.  V&gttale,  Colica  me- 
tallica— c.  Penteuse,  Colica  flatulenta. 
V /'/;>'.  Pains,    after.) 
COLITIS,  from    re*Xov,   'the   colon.'  an<l    it  in, 
denoting  inflammation  j   Colon? tit,  I 

!■'.)  Inflammation  dtt  colon.     Inflammation 
of   the    peritoneal   or   mucous   membrane  of   the 
col.m.     The    former    is    termed   Serocoli'tie,  and 
the  latter,  Endocolitis  and  Dysentery. 
OOLIX,  Trocbisous. 
COLLA  PISCIUM,  Ichthycolla. 
('"[.LAPSE,  Oollapsus  — c.  of  the  Lung,  see 
Atelectasis — c.  Pulmonary,  see  Atelectasis. 

COLLAP'SUS,    Collapse,    Coneiden'tia ;    from 

col  or  cum,  '  with/  and  la!, or,  lapsus,  '  to  fall/    (F.) 

■  incut.    A  complete  prostration  of  strength, 

cither  at  the  commencement  or  in  the  progress 

of  a  dis 

COLLAR-BONE,  Clavicle. 

LARD,    Dracontium    foetidnm  —  c.    Cow, 
iitiurn    foetidum  —  c.  Polecat,    Dracontium 
foetidnm. 

COLLAKIUM  SALINUM,  Baloderaram. 

COLLATERAL,  CoUatera'li*,  (F.)  Collate' ralf 

from  col,  'with/  and  latne,   'side.'     That  which 

accompanies  or  proceeds  by  the  side  of  another. 

Collat'brai.  Ak'tf.imks  of  tiii:  Ann.  Arte'rim 

Collatera'les  Bra' chit,  (F.)  ArtereecoUatirales  dtt 

bra*.     They  are  given  off  by  the  brachial,  and 

are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  collateral — superior 

or  external  useulairee  du  brae — Ch.) 

which  arise  from  the  inner  part   of  the   brachial, 

and  extend  as  far  as   the  inferior  and  external 

part  of  the  arm.     2.  The  collateral — inferior  or 

internal  (Collate"  rales  du  Ouude — Ch.)  which  arise 

from  the  brachial,  near   the  elbow-joint,  and  de- 

:  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  fore-arm. 

The  vessels  which  pass  to  the  fingers  and  toes 

are  also  called  eoUaU  red. 

:    i       rally,    collateral    branches    are 
vhieh    follow  nearly  the    same    course  as 
ttsel  a  hence  they  emanate. 
COLLATER  ILIS,  Udiio-cavernosus. 
OOLLE-CHAIR,  Sarcoeolla. 
COLLE  DE  P0I8S0N,  CchthyoooHa. 
COLLECTION,  Collee'tio,  from  colli g ere,  (col 
and  i  * orl  is  often  anited 

epithet  purulent,  serous,  etc.,  to  express  a 
i'h  /  of  pus,  -■■rum,  Ac. 

iLESIS,  Agglutination. 
col.i.ET  DES  DENTS,  see  Tooth. 
C0LLBTIC1  3,  Agglutioaut 

i.liVS  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory. 

iLIC'IAS.       Same    etymon    as    Collection. 

T>r.  •  and  convey  away  water.'    See 

QOUTTliRE.    Dni  ...  of  the  ducts  passing  from 
the    poneta    lacrymalia,    Collie" ia    puncto'rum 

'tin. 

OOLLICULI  NEIivr  ETHMOIDALIS,  Cor- 


pora striata  —  c.   Nervorum  optiooram,  Thalami 
oervornm  optieorom — e.  Vaginas,  Nymphse. 
C0LLIC1  id  S,  see  optic  d< 

COLUC!  LOS  CAY]    I   PoBTI  BIOBIS  Vlm  R 

i:i  h  Lvri  i:\i.ii  m.  Hippocampus  minor — c.  Setni- 
nalis,  Oallinaginis  caput 

COLLIER  V.  .  -I  colletr,  from  eoUutn,  'the 
neck.'  A  name  given  to  certain  eruptions  which 
surround  the  neck  like  a  collar. 

COLLIER    ANODIN,  Necklace,  anodyne. 
COLLIG  \.MKN.  Ligament 
COLLIGATIO,  Syndesmosis. 
COLLI  tfSl  ''N  1  A.  ( '.  i  anadi  n' sis  sen  decussa'ta, 
!'        ■  'hi.  Rich  weed,  Richleaf, 

all,  Stoneroot,  Knotroot,  Knotweed,  Km 
Order,  Labiata.  Called  after  Peter  Collinson. 
This  indigenous  plant  is  possessed  of  diuretic 
properties,  which  seem  to  reside  in  a  volatile  oil. 
Infusion  is  the  best  form  of  administration.  The 
leaves  in  domestic  practice  are  applied  to  wounds 
and  bruises. 

COLUHSONIA   DSOOSBATA,  C.  Canaden- 
COLLIQDAMEN'TUM,  from    eolliqueo,   (col 
and  liquere,)  'I  melt.'     The  first  rudiments  of  an 
embryo. — Harvey. 

C  0  L  L  I  Q  I  A'T  CON,  Colliqua'tio,  Eliqua'tio, 
Suntex'is,  Ectex'is,  Solu'tion,  Dieeolu'tion.  'The 
act  of  melting/  (P.)  Fm,tc.  The  ancients  meant, 
by  this  term,  the  progressive  diminution  of  the 
solid  parts,  with  copious  excretion  of  liquids  by 
one  or  more  passages.  They  thought,  that  all 
the  solids  melted:  and  that  the  liquids,  and  par- 
ticularly the  blood,  lost  a  portion  of  their  den.-ity. 
COLLIQUATIVE,  Colliquati'vus,  ColHquem'- 
cene,  from  eoUiquescere,  {col  and  liqueo,)  '  to  grow 
liquid/  (F.)  GoUiquatif.  An  epithet  given  to 
various  discharges,  which  produce  rapid  exhaus- 
tion. Hence  we  say.  Colliquative  sweats,  Culli- 
quative  diarrha  a.  &c. 

COLLIQUESCENS,  Colliquative. 
COLLISIO,  Contusion. 
COLLIN,  Trochiscus. 
COLLODES,  (Mutinous. 

COLLO'DION,  Collo'dium,  Ethe'real  Solu'tion 
of  Oun-cotton,  MaynarcVs  Adhesive  Liquid;  from 
<coXAa,  'glue.'     A  solution  obtained  by  dissolving 
gun-cotton,   Pyrox'yUn,  (P.)    Fulmieoton,   Coton- 
poudre,    Poudre-coton,    Coton   fulminant, 
aeotique,  in  a  mixture  of  rectified  ether  and  alco- 
hol, in  the  proportion  of  about  16  parts  of  the 
former  to  1   of   the    latter.     AY  hen  applied  to  a 
part,  the  ether  evaporates,  and  the  solid  adhesive 
material   is  left,   which    contracts.      Hence    it    is 
used  in  cases  of  wounds,  to  keep  their  edg 
gether.     It  forms,  also,  a   eoating,  and  has   been 
applied  in  abrasions,  and  in   cases  of  burns.      In 
various   chronic  cutaneous   diseases,  it   has   been 
applied  with  advantage;  and  has  been  em] 
to  give  a  seating   to   pills,  which    it   depn  . 
their  taste,  without  interfering  with  their  action. 
Collodion  is  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  V.  S. 
(1851.) 

i  lOLLODTON,  C  LHTHAR'lD  \i  .  CoUo'dittm  reai'cans 
■en  cantharida'li.  Prepared  by  exhausting,  by 
displacement,  a  pound  of  coarsely-powdered  ean- 
tharides  with  a  pound  of  sulphuric  ether,  and 
three  ounce,  of  acetic  ether.  In  two  oum 
this  saturated  solution  of  oantharides,  twenty-fi\ e 
grains  of  gnn-eotton  are  dissolved.  By  painting 
the  surface  With  a  little  of  this  solution,  vesica- 
tion is  produced,  as  with  the  plaster  of  oan- 
tharides. 

COLLODIUM,  Collodion— o.  Cantbaridale,Col- 
lodion,  oantharida] — c  Vesicans,  Collodion,  can- 
tbaridal, 

COLLOID,  OoUoVdee,  from  <roAXa,  'glu 
|J  ttSos,  'resemblance:'    Cancer   alveola' ris,    Card- 
no' mn  alveola' re\  (P.)  Cancer  aXviolaire  ou  Col- 


COLLOMA 


224 


COLON 


loide  ou  Gelatini forme,  Cancer  alviolaire  ou  areo- 
laire  on  pultace"  ou  gommeux,  Gelatinous  cancer. 
An  epithet  applied  to  a  product  of  morbid  secre- 
tion, resembling  glue,  or  particles  of  jelly  inlaid 
in  a  regular  alveolar  bed.  The  three  species  of 
cancer  or  carcinoma  are, — Encephaloid,  Scirrhous, 
and  Colloid.     See  Cancer. 

COLLO'MA,  from  icoWa,  'glue.'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Walshe  for  the  gelatiniform  matter, 
which  is  of  common  occurrence  in  cysts.  It  is 
transparent,  amorphous,  and  devoid  of  vessels 
and  nerves. 

COLLONE'MA,  from  ko\\<i,  'glue.'  A  pecu- 
liar gelatinous  tumour,  consisting  of  a  remarkably 
soft  gelatiniform  tissue,  which  trembles  on  being 
touched. — J.  Miiller. 

COLLOSTRUM,  Colostrum. 
COLLOURION,  Collyrium. 
COLLUM,  Cervix,  Trache'los,  Auchen,  Neck, 
(Prov.)  Hause,  Hose,  (F.)  Col,  Con.  The  part  of 
the  body  situate  between  the  head  and  chest. 
Also,  a  part  of  an  organ  resembling  the  neck,  as 
in  the  following  cases. 

Collum  AstraVali,  Cervix  Astrag'ali,  Neck 
of  the  Astragalus,  (F.)  Col  de  Vastragale.  A  de- 
pression, which  separates  the  anterior  extremity 
of  the  astragalus  from  its  body. 

Collum  Costa'rum,  Cervix  Costa'rum,  Neck 
of  the  Ribs,  (F.)  Col  des  Cotes.  The  narrow  part 
of  the  ribs,  between  the  head  and  tubercle. 

Collum  Den'tium,  Cervix  Dentium,  Neck  of 
the  Teeth,  (F.)  Col  ou  Collet  des  Dents.  The  part 
of  the  teeth  between  the  corona  and  fang,  which 
is  embraced  by  the  gum. 

Collum  Fem'oris,  Cervix  Fem'oris,  Neck  of 
the  Thigh-bone,  (F.)  Col  du  Femur.  The  long, 
narrow,  and  oblique  portion  of  the  os  femoris, 
which  separates  the  head  from  the  two  tro- 
chanters. 

Collum  Fib'ul^e,  Cervix  Fib'ulce,  Neck  of  the 
Fibula.  (F.)  Col  du  Perone.  A  slight  narrowness 
seated  below  the  head  or  upper  extremity  of  the 
fibula. 

Collum  Glandis,  see  Glans. 
Collum  Hu'meri,  Cervix  Hu'meri,  Neck  of  the 
Hu'merus.  A  circular,  depressed  portion,  which 
separates  the  head  of  the  os  humeri  from  its  two 
tuberosities.  Some  surgeons  place  the  neck  be- 
low the  tuberosities,  no  precise  line  of  demarca- 
tion indicating  its  extent. 

Collum  Mandib-'uljE  seu  Maxil'l^e  Inferio'- 
RIS,  Cervix  Mandib'ulcR  seu  Maxilla  Inferio'ris, 
Neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  (F.)  Col  de  Vos  maxillaire 
infer  retire.  A  depression  observable  on  each  side 
of  the  lower  jaw,  immediately  below  the  con- 
dyles. 

Collum  Obstipum,  Torticollis. 
Collum  Ossis  Magni  seu  Capita'ti,  Cervix  os- 
818  magni  seu  capita'ti,  Neck  of  the  Os  Magnum, 
(F.)  Col  du  grand  Os.     A  circular  depression  be- 
neath the  head  of  this  bone  of  the  carpus. 
Collum  Pedis,  Instep. 

Collum  Ra'dii,  Cervix  Radii,  Neck  of  the 
Radius,  (F.)  Col  du  Radius.  A  narrow  portion 
of  the  radius,  which  supports  the  head  of  the 
bone. 

Collum  Scap'ul^:,  Cervix  Scap'ida,  Neck  of 
the  Scap'ula,  (F.)  Col  de  V  Omoplate.  A  narrow 
portion,  observable  below  the  glenoid  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  which  seems  to  separate  it,  as  it 
were,  from  the  rest  of  the  bone. 

Collum  U'teri,  Cervix  U'teri,  Jug'ulum  Uteri, 
Neck  of  the  Uterus,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Matrice,  Col 
vterin.  A  narrow,  cylindrical,  and  flattened  por- 
tion of  the  uterus,  which  terminates  it  inferiorly, 
and  opens  into  the  vagina  by  the  Os  Uteri  or  Os 
Tinea.  This  neck  is  perceptible  on  examination 
per  vaginam,  until  near  the  end  of  utero-gesta- 


tion.  As  the  uterus  enlarges,  however,  it  becomes 
shorter  and  wider,  so  that  a  manifest  difference 
exists  between  its  condition  at  seven  and  nine 
months. 

Collum  Vesi'CjE,  Cervix  Vesi'ca,  Neck  of  the 
Bladder,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Vessie.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  base  of  the  bladder,  which  resembles 
the  neck  of  a  bottle,  and  is  continuous  with  the 
urethra. 

COLLURIUM.  Collyrium. 
COLLUTIO,  Gargarism. 

COLLUTO'RIUM,  (F.)  Collutoire,  from  coU 
luere,  '  to  wash  out.'  A  mouth  wash. 
Collutorium  Adstringens,  Mel  boracis. 
COLLU'VIES,  from  colluo,  'I  cleanse.'  Filth, 
excrement.  Discharge  from  an  old  ulcer. 
Colluvies  Gastrica,  Embarras  gastrique. 
COLLYR'IUM,  Collu'rium,  Collu'rion,  (F.) 
Collyre,  from  kwAvw,  '  I  check/  and  pew,  '  I  flow,' 
or  from  KoWa,  'glue,'  and  ovpa,  'tail'  [?],  (F.) 
Collyre.  The  ancients  designated,  by  this  term, 
a  solid  medicine,  of  a  long,  cylindrical  shape  ; 
proper  to  be  introduced  into  the  vagina,  anus,  or 
nostril.  They  are  said  to  have  given  it  this  name 
because  it  was  shaped  like  a  Rat's  Tail,  and  be- 
cause there  entered  into  its  composition  powders 
and  glutinous  matters. — Celsus,  Oribasius,  Scribo- 
nius  Largus.  At  the  present  day,  Collyrium 
means  an  application  to  the  eye.  Some  are  pul- 
verulent and  dry,  Ophthalmempas'  mata,  CoUyr'ia 
sicca,  but  the  greatest  part  are  liquid,  Hygro- 
collyr'ia;  and  receive  different  epithets,  as  as. 
tringent,  emollient,  &c.  The  term  is  now  little 
more  than  synonymous  with  Eye-water.  Collyria 
are  generally  extemporaneous  formulae. 

Collyrium  Bateaxum,  see  Lotion,  campho- 
rated, of  Bates — c.  Siccum,  see  Collyrium — c.  Sic- 
cum  Alexandrinum,  see  Alexandrine. 

COLOBO'MA,  Ko\o(Suna,  'any  thing  truncated 
or  shortened.'     A  mutilated  or  maimed  organ. 

Colobo'ma  I'ridis,  Irido-eoloboma.  A  conge- 
nital peculiarity  of  the  iris,  consisting  in  a  fissure 
of  its  lower  portion,  and  a  consequent  prolonga- 
tion of  th-e  iris  to  the  margin  of  the  cornea.  See 
Iridorrhagas. 

COLOBO'SIS,  KoXofaais.  The  act  of  curtailing 
or  mutilating ;  mutilation. 

COLOCHOLO'SIS,  from  ku\ov,  'the  colon,' 
and  ^0X7,  'bile.'  Bilious  dysentery,  Dysenter'ia 
bilio'sa. 

COLOCYNTH,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 
COLOMBINE,  COMMON,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 
COLOMBA,  Calumba. 

COLON,  C.  Cacum,  Monen'terum,  Calum,  Tntes- 
ti'num  majus,  I.  cellula'tum,  I.  crassum  et  plenum, 
T.  grande,  I.  laxum,  Physce,  <j)VOKr).  That  portion 
of  the  large  intestines  which  extends  from  the 
cascum  to  the  rectum.  It  is  said  to  have  been  so 
called  from  koiXos,  'hollow,2  or  from  kwAuw,  'I 
arrest,'  because  the  excrements  are  arrested,  for 
a  considerable  time,  in  its  sacs,  —  cel'lula  seu 
haustra  seu  locu/amenta  coli.  The  colon  is 
usually  divided  into  four  portions.  1.  The  right 
lumbar  or  ascending,  Colon  dextrum,  situate  in 
the  right  lumbar  region,  and  commencing  at  the 
csecuin.  2.  Transverse  colon.  Colon  transfer' sum, 
transverse  arch  of  the  colon,  the  portion  of  the 
colon  which  crosses  from  the  right  to  the  left  side, 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen.  3.  The  left 
lumbar  or  descending  colon,  Colon  sinis'trum,  ex- 
tending from  the  left  part  of  the  transverse  arch, 
opposite  the  outer  portion  of  the  left  kidney,  to 
the  corresponding  iliac  fossa.  4.  The  Iliac  colon 
or  Sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Colon  iliaque 
ou  S.  du  colon,  the  portion  of  the  intestine  which 
makes  a  double  curvature  in  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  ends  in  the  rectum. 


COLONITIS 


225 


COLPOSIS 


The  muscular  fihres.  as  in   the  Ctecum,  are  in 
three  •'  Ta'nim  son  Fascia    Ligamen- 

to'sce   Colt,    T<z'u'hz     Vttlxal'vce    seu    Ligamsn'ta 
coli. 

v,  Meinbrum —  c.  Inflammation    of  the, 
OoHtis. 

Coi.mv,  TOBPOK  of  TnK.  A  disease  in  which 
the  muscular  Boat  of  the  colon  acts  with  deficient 
energy;  giving  occasion  to  distension  of  the  in- 
testine, which,  by  pressing  upon  the  other  organs, 
may  interfere  so  mach  with  their  functions,  as  to 
•  _'astrie,  cardiac  and  other  dis- 
orders. 

COLONITIS,  Colitis,  Dysentery. 
COL  lumna  —  o.  Vsrtibrale,  Verte- 

bral column. 

COLONNES  CBARNUES,  Carnesa  Column* 
du  Caur,  Coin  mine  oarneSB. 
Colophonia, 
>PHANY,  Colophonia, 
C.OLOPHO'Nl  \.  so  called  from    Colophon,  a 
city  of  Ionia;  Phrycti,  Fricta,   fix  Qra 


Colour  of  the 


Accidental  colour,  or  colour  of  th« 
ocular  n.cctrum. 

R<  l Bluish  green. 

Blue. 

Pi     or Indigo. 

I .Violet  with  a  little  red. 

Bins Orange  red. 

Indigo Orange  yellow. 

Vtom Yellow  green. 

Blaek White. 

White Llack. 

If  all  the  colours  of  the  spectrum  he  ranged  in 
a  circle,  in  the  proportions  they  hold  in  ti 
tram   itself,  the  accidental  colour  of  any  p 
lar  colour  will  be  found  directly  opposite.     Hence, 
the  two  colours  have  been  termed  opposite  colour*. 
It  will  follow  from  what  has  been  said,  that  if  the 
primary  colour,  or  that  to  which  the  eve  1 
tirst  directed,  be  added   to   the  accidental  colour, 
dl    must   he   the  same  impression   as   that 
produced  by  the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the 
t.rum  —  white  liffht.      The  accidental  colour.   ;■> 


Re 
•'it/.  Colophony,  HI, irk  Rosin, 
tin,  (F.)   Colophone,  Colophane,     otner  words,  is  what  the  primitive  colour  requires 

I  -in  which  re-     to  lnake  lt  white  light.     The  primitive  and  acci- 

dental colours  are,  therefore,  complements  of  each 
I  other;  and  hence  accidental  colours  have  also 
been  called  complementary  colours.  They  have 
!  likewise  been  termed  harmonic,  because  the  pri- 
mitive  and  its  accidental  colour  harmonize  with 
J  each  other  in  painting. 

COLPAL'GIA,  from  koAtoc,  'vagina/  and 
a\yoq,  '  pnin.'     Pain  in  the  vagina. 

COLPATRE'SIA,  Elytratre'sia,  AncylocoVpus, 
Atretehjt'ria,  from  koAttoc,  '  vagina,'  and  arp>/ro?, 
'  without  opening.'     Imperforation  of  the  vagina. 

COLPEMPHRAX'IS,  from  koAttoc,  'vagina,' 
and  cv(f>pal-is,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the 
vagina  by  foreign  bodies. 

COLPETJRYN'TER,  Speculum  vaginas.  The 
same  term  is  given  by  Dr.  liraun  to  an  instru- 
ment for  dilating  the  os  uteri,  and  upper  part  of 
the  vagina.    The  operation  is  called  Colpeu' rysis. 

COLPITIS,  Colposis. 

COLPOC'ACE,  jfEdosoti'Ha  gnngramo'sn,   G<;n- 

gra'na  genita'lium  et  vagi'na,  from  tcoXvog,  'va- 
gina,' and  KaKOi.  '  evil.'  Putrescency  or  gangrene 
of  the  vagina  and  labia. 

Colpocack  Ixfaxti'lis.  JSdototi'tis  w-angra- 
no'sa  puella'rum,  Noma  pudendo'rum. 


mains  in  the  retort,  after  the  distillation,  by 
means  of  a  Btr  »ng  fire,  of  common  turpentine. 
It  U  ns  1  like  the  turpentines  in  general,  and  in 
some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 

COLOPHONY,  Colophonia 

COLOQUJNTE,  Cueumus  eolocynthis. 

COLOQUINTIDA,  Cueumus  eolocynthis. 

COLOR  VIRGINEUS  PALLLDUS,  Chlorosis 
— c.  Virginnm  foedus,  Chlor 

COLO-RE  Dysentery. 

COLOSTRA,  Colostrum. 

COl.  >.  Colostration. 

COLOSTRA'TION,  Calostra'tio.  Disease  in 
new-horn  children,  attributable  to  the  colostrum. 

COLOS'TRUM,  Colot'tra,  Collustmm,  Colus1- 
rraai,    1  .    Protog'ala,  Nenglala,   Primum 

Puer'i  Milk,  (Beaat- 

l'";'-'.  I  » or  />'■  astinga, 

Bee*t,      '.  ttyn,  (Trow)    Fore-milk, 

Poad-milk,  Pored  milk,  Pourd-milk,  in  the  cow. 
Ac.,)  from  ko\ov,  '  food'  [?],  or  from  koAA/7,  'glue.' 
ant  of  the  viscidity  of  the  first  milk.  (F.) 
Bitot).  The  first  milk  after  accouchement.  It 
eon  tains  im  and  butter,  and   less  casein 


..    (Jrangrene 
man  common  milk,  and  e  s  an  eva-     «>r  putrescency  of  the  vagina  and  genitals  in  youn" 

.  which  renders  it  fit  to  aid  in  the     children. 
expulsion  of  the  meconium.    Cb&wfrutn'formerly  II      Colpocack  Ptjerpbra'btjh,  Mdasoti'tis  Oan- 


neant  an  emulsion  prepared  of  turpentine  and 
yolk  o! 

BLINDNESS,  Achromatopsia. 
COl.  ENT'AL,     Opposite    co. 

lours,  i  colour;  (F.) 

9.     If  the  i 
irding  a  particular  colour,  the 
Wtina  sensible  to  this  colour;  and  if, 

•    be    turned    to  f   white 

m  to  be  white,  but 
will  be  of  the  colour  that  arises  from  the  nnion 
of  all  the  raj  -  ilar  spectrum,  except  the 

which  the  retina   has  become  insensible, 
for  some  tin 
t   of  paper  will  i 
i,  in  a  circular  spot   of  the   same  di- 
This  bluish 

is  called  an  oc'ular  apectrum,  1 ause  it  is  im- 

I  npon  the  eye  and  may  be  retained  for  a 
•  me;  and  the  colour  bluish-green,  w  said 
10  be  J  ■  -I  colour  of  the  red,     If  this 

le  with  wafers  of  differ 
atal  clours  will 
varying  with  r  employed, 

aa  in  the  following  table:— 
L5 


\grano'sa  puerpera'rum,  Toeodomycodori'tis  ma- 
lig'na  vagina' lis  (Ritgen).  Sloughing  of  the 
vagina  and  genitals  in  puerperal  women. 

COLPOCELE.  Elytroeele. 

COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA,  from  ™Atoc.  'vagina,1 
aluo-tjc,  'bladder,'  and  ro/in,  'incision.'  Seetio  wi- 
gi'no-vesica'lis.     Lithotomy  through  the  vagina. 

COLPODESMORRAPH'IA,  from  wAtoj,  'va- 
gina,' ^rc/ioc,  '  ligament,'  and  pae)n,  'suture.'  The 
removal  of  a  part  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vagina  for  the  radical  cure  of  prolapsus  vaginas 
et  uteri. 

C0LP03DEMA,  Elytrmdema, 

COLPOPHLKC  II  Y.M  KXITIS.  Enoolpitis. 

COLPOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

COLPORRHA'QIA,  Elytrorrha'gia,  from  wX- 
wos,  '  vagina,'  and  pnymtpu,  '  I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  the  vagina. 

COLPORRHAPHY,  Elytroirhaphy. 

COLPORRHEX'IS,  Rvptu'ra  vagi'na,  from 
(foAtroc,  'vagina,'  and  Siffif,  'rupture.'  Rupture 
'.     Also,  eolporrhagia. 

COLPORRHGBA,  Leucorrho  ,. 

( IOLPOS,  see  Mamma;  Sinus,  Vagina. 

COLPO'SIS.     Inflammation    of  the    vagina, 


COLPOSTEGNOSIS 


22 


COMMEMORATIVE 


Synonymous  with  ElytroY'tis,  Elytri'tis,  Cole'i'tis, 
Oolpi'tia.     See  Leucorrhoea. 

C0LP0STE6N  O'SIS,  Colcostegno'sis,  from 
KoXnoi,  'vagina,'  and  artyvow,  '  I  close.'  Atresia, 
or  obliteration  of  the  vagina. 

COLPOSTENOCHORIA,  Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOSYNIZESIS,  Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOT'OMY,  Colpotom'ia,  from  ko\*os,  'va- 
gina,' and   tout),   'incision.'     An  incision  of  the 
vagina  in  parturition. 

COLT'S  FOOT,  Asanrm  Canadense,  Tussilago. 
COL'UBER  BERUS.  The  systematic  name  || 
of  the  viper,  Vi'pera,  (F.)  Coideuvre,  Vipere.  jj 
Class,  Reptilia,  Orel.  Ophidia.  A  poisonous  rep- 
tile— the  poison  lying  in  small  sacs  near  its  teeth. 
The  fle^h  is  innocent,  and  has  been  often  taken 
in  scrofula,  and  in  cutaneous  disorders  in  general, 
but  it  is  inefficacious. 

COLUBRINA,  Polygonum  bistorta  — c.  Dra- 
eontia,  Arum  dracunculus  —  c.  Lusitanica,  Eu- 
phorbia capitata — c.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

COLUM,  Colon. 

COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris— e.  Wild, 
Aquilegia  Canadensis. 

COLUMBO,  Calumba  —  c.  American,  see  Ca- 
lumba — c.  Marietta,  see  Calumba. 

COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula  — c.  Cochlea?, 
Modiolus. 

COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F.)  Colonne.  Anato- 
mists use  this  word  for  parts  which  resemble  a 
column  or  pillar ;  hence  for  the  penis. 

Coldmna    Adstaxs     Ixguixibus,     Penis  —  c. 
Dorsi,  Vertebral  column  —  c.  Fornicis,  see  Fornix. 
Colum'xa  Nasi.     The  cartilaginous  part  of  the 
septum  of  the  nostrils.     See  Nares. 

Columna  Oris,  Uvula — c.  Spinalis,  Vertebral 
column  —  c.  Virginitatis,  Hymen  —  c.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  c.  Valvula?  Vieussenii, 
see  Valvula  Vieussenii — c.  Vertebralis,  Vertebral 
column. 

COLUMNS  BERTFNI,  Columns  of  Berlin. 
Processes  of  the  cortical  substance  of  the  kidney, 
which  extend  between  the  pyramids  of  Malpighi, 
as  far  as  the  hilus. 

COLUM'NA  CAR'NE^E,  C.  Cordis,  Laeer'ti 
seu  Lacer'tuli  seu  Fanes  seu  Fascic'uli  ter'etes 
Cordis,  Trabes  seu  Trabec'ulas,  Cordis,  (F.)  Colon- 
nes  charnues  du  cceur.  Small,  fleshy  columns, 
which  project,  more  or  less,  into  the  auricles  and 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  whose  use  appears  to  be 
to  prevent  too  great  dilatation  of  those  cavities. 
A  few  of  these  culumnce — see  Musculi  papilla' res 
— are  attached  by  one  extremity  to  the  walls  of 
the  heart,  and,  by  the  other,  give  insertion  to 
chorda?  tendinea?.     See  Carneous  column*. 

Columns  Carneje  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum 
— c.  Papillares,  see  Columna?  Carnea?. 
COLUMNEA  LOXGIFOLIA,  Bahel. 
COLUMNS  OF  BERTIN,  Columna?  Bertini. 
COLUMNS,  POSTERIOR  MEDIAN,  OF  THE 
MEDULLA  OBLONGATA,  Funiculi  graciles— 
c.  of  Morgagni  or  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum — c. 
of  the  Spinal  Marrow,  see  Vertebral  Nerves. 
COLUS  JOVIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 
COLUSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLU'TEA,  C.  Arbores' cens  seu  hirsu'ta,  Sen- 
na German'  iea,  Bladder  Senna,  (F.)  Bagnenau- 
dier,  Faux  Sene,  Sene  indigene.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosae.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
leaves  are  slightly  purgative,  and  are  often  mixed 
with  those  of  the  cassia  senna. 

COLCYRIXE  BE  V1RGINIE,  Aristolochia 
serpentaria. 

COLYM'BADES.  Pickled  Olives.  These,  when 
bruised  and  applied  to  a  burnt  part,  were  sup- 
posed to  be  able  to  prevent  vesication.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

COLYMBIFERA  MINOR,  Mentha  crispa. 


COMA,  Semisom'nis,  Semisopi'tus,  Semisopo'- 
rus,  Subeth,  (Arab).  A  profound  state  of  sleep, 
from  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  rouse  the 
individual.  It  is  a  symptom  which  occurs  in 
many  diseases.  Two  varieties  are  distinguished, 
1.  Coma  vigil  seu  agrypno'des,  Pervigilium, 
Vigil'ice  nim'ice,  Typho'nia,  Veter'nus,  VeternoB*- 
itas,  Agrypnoco'ma,  Cams  lethar'gus  vigil,  Ty- 
phoma'nia,  which  is  accompanied  with  delirium. 
The  patient  has  his  eyes  closed,  but  opens  them 
when  called;  and  closes  them  again  immediately. 
This  state  is  accompanied  with  considerable  rest- 
lessness. 2.  Coma  Somnolen' turn,  C.  Comato'dee^ 
— in  which  the  patient  speaks  when  ronsed,  but 
remains  silent  and  immovable  in  the  intervals. 
Coma  is  a  deeper  sleep  than  sopor,  but  less  so 
than  lethargy  and  cams. 

Coma,  Capillus  —  c.  Agrypnodes,  see  Coma — 
c.  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c.  Ca^sarea,  Plica  —  c. 
Comatodes,  see  Coma — c.  Somnolentum,  Somno- 
lency, see  Coma — c.  Vigil,  see  Coma. 
COMACON,  Mvristica  moschata. 
COMAN'DRA  UMBELLA'TA,  Bastard  Toad- 
flax:  indigenous;    Order,  Santalacea?  :  flowering 
in   May  and  June;  has   been  used  in  fevers  by 
some  of  the  Indian  tribes. 
COMAROS,  Arbutus  unedo. 
COMA'RUM  PALUS'TRE,  Potentil' la  pains' - 
tris,    Marsh     Cinque/oil.       An   indigenous   plant, 
Family,  Rosacea?,  which  flowers  in  June.     It  is 
possessed  of  astringent  virtues. 

CO'MATA,  from  Kw/ia.  Diseases  characterized 
by  diminution  of  the  powers  of  voluntary  motion, 
with  sleep  or  impaired  state  of  the  senses.  — 
Cullen. 

COMATEUX,  Comatose. 
COMATODES,  Comatose. 

COM'ATOSE,  Comato'des,  Carot'icus,  Caro'des, 
(F.)  Comateux.  Relating  to  or  resembling  coma: 
— as  comatose  sleep,  comatose  fever,  &c. 

COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion,,  human. 

COMBUSTIO,  Burn  — c.  Spontanea,  Combus- 
tion, human. 

COMBUS'TION,  HUMAN,  Spontaneous  Com- 
bus'tion  or  Preternatural  Combustibil'ity,  Cata- 
cau'sis,  Tachencau'sis,  Bicen'dium  sponta'netim, 
Combns'tio  sponta'nea,  Autempresm'us,  Idiapp- 
cau'sis,  Idiempre'sis,  Catacau'sis  ebrio'sa,  (F.) 
Combustion  humaine,  C.  humaine  sp>ontanee  ;  from 
comburere,  combustum,  (com,  and  urere,  ustnm)  'to 
burn.'  These  terms  have  been  applied  to  the 
extraordinary  phenomenon  of  a  rapid  destruction 
of  the  human  body,  by  being  reduced  to  ashes 
either  spontaneously  or  by  the  contact  of  an 
ignited  substance.  It  is  said  to  have  occurred 
in  the  aged,  and  in  those  that  were  fat  and  hard 
drinkers.  In  such,  Dr.  Traill  has  found  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  oil  in  the  serum  of  the  blood. 
Vicq  d'Azyr,  Lair,  and  Dupuytren  think  it  neces- 
sary, that  the  body  should  be  placed  in  contact 
with  an  ignited  substance.  Le  Cat,  Kopp.  and 
Marc  are  of  opinion  that  this  is  not  necessary. 
The  former  appears  to  be  the  more  probable  view. 
COMBUSTURA,  Burn. 
COMEDONES,  see  Acne. 

COMES  ARCHIATRORUM,  see  Exarchiater. 

COMESTIBLE  (F.),  Edu'lia,  from  comedere, 

'to  eat.'    Eatable,  (F.)  Edule.     Esculent.    When 

this  word  is  used  substantively,  in  French  as  in 

English,  it  means  solid  food. 

COMEZ.     Half  a  drop.— Ruland. 
COMFREY.  Symphytum— c.  Spotted,  Pulmo- 
naria — c.  Wild.  Cvnoglossum  Virginicum. 
COMISTE.  Aliment. 
COMMANDUCATIO.  Mastication. 
COMMEM'ORATIVE.   Commemorati'vm,  (F.) 
Commemoratif,    from    commemorare,     (com     and 


COMMKNSl'M 


227 


COMPLEXUS 


menwr,)  '  to  cause  to  remember.'     Tbtit  which 
.  or  rather  which  is  recalled. 

COMMEMOH  MlVi.    SlGN8,     1.     &    /. 

ledneed     from   circumstances 
which  have  gone  before;  or  rather,  according  to 

those  which  point  nut  the  preeedii  1 
tlitioii   of  the   patient.     They  are  also  called  An- 
us. 
COMMENSUM,  Symmetry. 
•      '    '   ERCIUM,  Sympathy. 
COMMI,  Qommi. 

MINI   11. 1'.   Comminu'hm,    from   eewHRt- 

and   iniiiHu,)  •  to  break  t<>  | 
nminutif.     A  comminuted  fractun  is  one 
i  1  which   the  hone  is  broken   into  a  number  of 

M  M  I  N  D'T  I  0  X,   Gomninv'tio,  Thrypaie, 

Same   etymon.      Fracture  of  a  hone 
umber  of  \ 
t  OMMISSURA,  Articulation. 

B    ;  BIOS  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
anterior,  of  the  Brain. 

Commissu'ra  Brevis.  A  lol.ule  or  prominence 
of  the  inferior  vermiform  procosa  of  the  cerebel- 
lum, situate  in  the  incisure  posterior,  below  the 
horizontal  fissure. 

issi  ;:  v    Labioruh,  Prostomia — c.  Magna 
Cerebri,     Corpus    callosnm  —  c.   Maxima    cerebri, 
s  callosum — c.  Nervea,   Syndesmosis  —  c. 


in  carnea,  S 


iMissi  Ri  Posterior  Cbbbbbi,  Commissure, 
•r,  of  the  Brain. 
Commissura  Simplex.    A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process,  near 
the  incisure  posterior  of  the  cerebellum. 

COMMISSI    UAL;  same  etymon  as  commis- 
Etire.     Of  or  1  elonging  to  a  commissure. 

MISSURE,Coi  -ipa'geSfCom- 

x'tio,     Sym'physis,    Sym'bole;    from    com- 
com  and  mitU  r<  ,  mtwum,)  'to join  together.' 
A  point  of  union   between  two  parts:  thus,  the 
commissures  of  the  eyelids,  lips,  Ac,  are  the  nn- 
■  iiich  they  form  at  the  place  of  union.    See 
-  _r  i  11  tr - 
Com'missi  ri  .  Ante'rior,  op  the  Brain,  Oom- 
■1  ante'rior  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Commissure  ant€-  !| 
"».     A  Bmall  medullary  fasciculus,  j 
y   at   the  anterior  part  of  the 
third  ventricle,  and  uniting  the  two  hemispheres. 

IS8UR1  .  Qri   \r.    OF    THE    Hi: 

.    I'.  I  Qrandt  commist 
.   which    unites   the  two  hemispheres  for  \ 

.  is  the  Corpus  ealli 
nssi  re,  Middle,  op  the  Braiic.    A  layer 
uniting  the  thalami  optici. 
Commissure,  Obliqi  e  or  foTERCEREBRAL,  see 
ii— c.  Optic,  see  Chiasmus. 

ISTERIOR    OP    THE    Bh  LD  , 
•   'rior  >■'  /'■  -  dullary  hand, 

terior  part  of  the  third  or  middle 

le. 

mik  Uvea,  Ciliary  ligament 
XMISSURE  DE  LA   CHOBOlDE,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

IMO'SIS,    from    kouuow,   'I   adorn.'      The 
art  of  concealing  natural  deformities,  as  by  paint- 
.  Propolis. 
'  MO'TICE,  in  the  older  writers,  meant  the 
!oramunicating  factitious  beaut;  to  a  per- 
topor'ia. 
PIO,  Motion,  Concussion— c  1 
-luii  of  the  brain. 
VJfOTlOy,  Concussion  —  c.  dm   0 

ion  of  the  brain. 
MMDNICABLE,  Bee  Contagi 
:  M  r  'NI< '  \  \S.  from  -  m   and 

vnnniM,  «an  office,)  •common.'    C  *  That 

communicates  or  establii 


tion.  Communicant.  There  are  two  ArUrim 
Communiean'tet,  both  within  the  cranium;  —  the 
one  anterior,  very  short)  and  extending  trans- 
from  one  anterior  cerebral  artery  to  tin- 
other, — the  other  posterior,  called  also  Communi- 
cant Willi** ii,  which  passes  from  the  internal 
carotid  to  the  posterior  cerebral  artery.  It  is  a 
branch  of  the  basilary. 

Cummi  m<  an>  Nom.  A  long  slender  nervous 
branch,  formed  by  filaments  from  the  first,  second 
and  third  cervical  nerves,  which  descends  upon 
the  outer  side  of  the  internal  jugular  rein,  and 
forms  a  loop  with  the  d<  noni  over  the 

.-heath  of  the  carotids. 

CoMMUKK  ANs  Peronei,  see  Communicans  pop- 
litei. 

LBS    POPLITE'I,    C.   tibia' Us   (uerrus.) 
A  large  nerve,  which  arises  from   the  popliteal, 
and.  at  a  variable  distance  below  the  articulation 
of  the  knee,  receives   the   communicant  \ 
from  the  peroneal  nerve,  —  the  two  forming  the 

tXti  iikiI  .s<i]>1t<  nous 

•  1  m.  \ss  Tibia]  is,  Communicans  poplitei. 
COMPACT,  Compae'tus,  from  com  and  pangere, 

pactum,  'to  strike,  to  tix.'  Solid,  close.  (F.) 
Compact*,  The  term  Compact  Tissue  is  given  to 
the  hardest  and  closest  parts  of  bone. 

(  OMPAGES,  Articulation,  Commissure  —  c. 
Ossium  per  Lineam  Simplieem,  Harmony  —  c. 
Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  column. 

COMPAGINATIO,  Commissure. 

COM  PAS  jrKI'AlSSU  R,  see  Pelvimeter. 

COMFASS  PLANT,  Silphium  laciniatum. 

COMPASSIO,  Sympathy. 

COMPEBA,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPENSATION,  Balaneemen*. 

I  OMPEPER,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPER'NIS;  from  com  and  perna,  'a  gam- 
mon of  bacon  with  the  leg  on.'  One  who  has  his 
knees  turned  inwards.  A  case  of  distortion  of 
the  legs. 

COMPETENTLY  MEMBRORUM  OMNIUM, 
Symmetry. 

COMPLAINT,  Disease. 

Complaiht,  Family,  see  Hereditary. 

COMPLEMENTAL  AIR.  see  Respiration. 

COMPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

COMPLETIO,  Plethora, 

COMPLEX,  Complex'**,  from  com  'with,'  and 
plecterc,  plexus,  'to  twist.'  Embracing  several 
distinct  things.  Chaussier  uses  this  term,  in  his 
anatomical  descriptions,  for  complicated. 

COMPLEXIO,  Coition,  Complexio,  Confusio, 
Temperament. 

COMPLEXION,  Complex' io.  Often  em- 
ployed, in  EngRsh,  for  the  colour  of  the  face, 
as  '•  lie  has  a  <j<>,,<1  complexion," — a  "tallow com- 
plexion," Ac.  It  formerly  had  a  more  extensive 
signification, and  still  has  in  France.     It  signifies 

rjgregate  of  physical  characters  pre* 
by  any  individual,  considered  with  respect  to  bit 
external  arrangement  or  condition.  It  means 
more  than  constitution,  tor  which  it  is  nsed  syno- 
nymously in  many  eases;  and  diners  from  tem- 
perament, which  is  less  the  external  condition 
of  the  body  than  the  state  or  disposition  of  the 
organs  in  health.— 11.  Cloquet 

t  OMPLEXUS,  Complex. 

Cqmpli  \i  H  Minor,    Vastoideus  latera'lis,   Trn- 
che'lo-mattoideus,($.)  Tracktlo-mastoidit  n, Muscle 
>mplexue.     It  arises  from  the  tram 
-  of  the  last  four  een  ical  vertebra?,  and 

is  inserted  into  tlic  mastoid  pr 

Complexes  Mos'culus,  Bioen'ter  Cervi'cit, 
Com  plexus  Major,  Dorso-traehe'lon-occipital,   Tra-* 

■>''•/ pit  ■  Muscle  grand  com) 

A  muscle,  Bituate  at  the  hind  |  art  of  the 
where  it  extends  from  the  interval  thai  separates 
the  two  prominent  ridges  on  the  posterior 


COMPLICATION 


228 


COMPTONIA 


of  the  os  occipitis  to  the  transverse  and  articular 
processes  of  the  last  six  cervical  vertebrae,  as 
■well  as  to  those  of  the  first  five  dorsal,  It  serves 
to  straighten,  incline,  and  turn  the  head. 

COMPLICATION,  Complica'tio,  from  com 
'with,'  and  plicare,  'to  fold.'  In  medicine,  it 
means  the  presence  of  several  diseases,  morbi 
complica'ti  seu  perplex'*,  or  of  several  adventi- 
tious circumstances  foreign  to  the  primary  disease. 
COMPOSITION,  Composit"io,  from  compo- 
itere,  (com  and  ponere,  positum,  'to  place:')  'to 
place  together.'  Syn' thesis.  The  act  of  com- 
posing or  compounding,  —  of  medicines  for  ex- 
ample :  Iamatosyntax'is.  Also,  the  Conrpound, 
Compos' it  urn,  or  thing  compounded.  Likewise,  a 
combination. 

COM  POSITUM,  Compound. 
COMPOUND.     Same  etymology;  to  mix  me- 
dicines.    To    mingle     different   ingredients    into 
one  whole.     Used  adjectively,  compound  signifies 
the    result    of    the   union    of    several   medicinal 
agents,  as  •'  a  compound  medicine." 
CUMPREHENSIO,  Catalepsy. 
COMPREXSIO,  Catalepsy. 

COM 'PRESS,  Compres'sa,  Splenium,  Spienioia, 
Splenie'ens,  Pla'gula,  Penicii'lum,  Penic'uium, 
from  eomprimere,  (com  and premere,  pressum,  'to 
press,')  'to  press  together.'  (F.)  Compresse. 
Folded  pieces  of  lint  or  rag,  so  contrived  as,  by 
the  aid  of  a  bandage,  to  make  due  pressure  upon 
any  part.  According  to  their  shape,  direction, 
and  use,  compresses  have  been  called  long  (  (F.) 
longuettcs.)  square  (carries,)  triangular,  pris- 
matic, graduated  (graduees,)  split  (/endues.)  fene- 
trees,  criblees,  croix  de  JIalte,  oblique,  circular, 
dividing  (divisivcs.)  uniting  (unisantes,)  cribri- 
form, &c. 

The  Umschlag  or  compress  of  the  hydropa- 
thics is  a  cloth,  well  wetted  with  cold  water, 
applied  to  the  surface  near  the  supposed  seat  of 
disease,  securely  covered  with  a  dry  cloth,  and 
changed  as  often  as  it  becomes  dry.  It  is  some- 
times covered  with  a  layer  of  oiled  silk,  to  pre- 
vent evaporation. 

OOMPRESSEUR  DE  DUPUTTREN,  Com- 
pressor of  Dupuytren —  c.  du  Nez,  Compressor 
nasi — c.  de  la  Prostate,  Compressor  prostata?. 
COMPRESSIF,  Compressive. 
COMPRESSIO,  Compression,  Thlipsis. 
COMPRESSION,  Gompresrio,  Enerei'sis. 
Same  etymology.  Pressure  :  methodical  com- 
pression. An  agent  frequently  had  recourse  to 
in  surgery.  We  compress  a  limb,  affected  with 
cedema.  varices,  hydrops  articuii,  callous  ulcer,  &c. 
The  abdomen  is  comjiressed  after  delivery,  after 
paracentesis  abdominis,  &c.  The  compression  is 
produced  by  means  of  the  roller,  laced  stocking, 
&c,  according  to  the  part,  and  to  the  particular 
case.  Moderate  pressure  aids  the  contractility 
of  parts,  and  excites  the  action  of  the  absorbents  ; 
so  that  large  tumours  at  times  disappear  after  it 
has  been  used  for  some  time.  A  greater  degree 
of  pressure  occasions,  still  more,  the  emaciation 
of  the  part,  but  it  is  apt  to  impede  the  circula- 
tion. Pressure  is  often  used  to  stop  or  moderate 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  aneurism  or  wounds 
of  arteries  and  veins.  In  such  cases,  the  com- 
pression may  be  immediate,  when  applied  upon 
the  artery  itself,  or  it  may  be  mediate,  when  ap- 
plied through  the  integuments  and  soft  parts. 
The  French  use  the  term  Compression  immediate 
laterale  for  that  which  is  exerted  perpendicularly 
to  the  axis  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  flatten  its  sides. 
It  is  practised  with  the  finger,  forceps,  tourniquet, 
compresses,  &c. 

Compression  of  the  Brain.  This  may  arise 
either  from  coagula  of  blood,  a  soft  tumour,  a 
bony  excrescence,  a  depressed  portion  of  the 
skull,  or  the  presence  of  some  foreign  body.     The 


effects  vary,  according  as  the  compression  takes 
place  suddenly  or  gradually.  "When  suddenly, 
the  symptoms  are  of  the  comatose  or  apoplectic 
character.  "When  gradually,  mania,  convulsions, 
&c,  are  more  likely  to  occur.  Compression, 
arising  from  a  depressed  portion  of  skull,  requires 
the  use  of  the  trephine. 

COMPRESSIVE,  Compressi'vus,  (F.)  Com- 
pressif.  That  which  compresses.  A  compressive 
bandage  is  one  that  compresses  the  parts  to  which 
it  is  applied. 

COMPRES'SOR  or  COMPRESSO'RIUM  OF 
DUPUYTREN,  (F.)  Compresseur  de  Dupuytren. 
An  instrument  for  compressing  the  femoral  ar- 
tery, invented  by  Dupuytren.  It  is  constructed 
on  the  same  principles  as  the  tourniquet  of  J.  L. 
Petit,  from  which  it  only  differs  in  this  respect: — 
that,  instead  of  being  maintained  in  its  place  by  a 
strap,  which  always  compresses  more  or  less  ti.e 
circumference  of  the  limb,  the  two  pads  are  placet! 
at  the  extremities  of  a  semicircle  of  steel,  which,  1  y 
passing  from  one  to  the  other  without  touching 
the  parts,  limits  the  pressure  to  two  opposite 
points  of  the  thigh,  and  permits  the  collateral 
circulation  to  go  on. 

Compressor  Naris,  Rince'ns,  Nasa'lis,  Trans- 
versa'lis  Nasi,  Myrtiform'is,  Pilatato'res  ala'rum 
nasi,  Constric'tor  Nasi  seu  Na'rium  seu  Naris, 
Triangularis  Nasi,  (F.)  Maxillo-narinal,  Sus- 
maxillo  -nasal,  —  (Ch.,)  Compresseur  du  nez, 
Transversal  du  nez.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides 
of  the  nose;  flat  and  triangular.  It  arises  from 
the  inner  part  of  the  fossa  canina,  and  passes  to 
the  dorsum  of  the  nose;  where  it  is  confounded 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side. 

Compressor  or  Constrictor  of  Ncck.  An 
instrument  for  compressing  the  urethra,  to  ob- 
viate incontinence  of  urine".  It  consists  of  a 
girdle  of  iron,  which  surrounds  the  pelvis,  to 
which  is  fixed  a  plate  of  the  same  metal,  that 
compresses  the  urethra  in  perinceo. 

Compressor  Pros'tat^e,  Prostat'icus  supe'- 
rior,  P  ubio-prostat'  lens,  Sub-pubio-prostot'  icus, 
(F.)  Compresseur  de  la  prostate.  A  muscle,  ad- 
mitted by  Albinus,  which  is  formed  of  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  Levator  ani,  that  embrace  the 
prostate.       It   is    the    Prostat'icus    supe'rior   of 

WlNSLOW. 

Compressor  Ure'thr^e.  A  muscle  consisting 
of  two  portions — one  of  which  is  transverse  in  its 
direction,  and,  in  consequence  of  its  having  been 
particularly  described  by  Mr.  Guthrie,  has  been 
called  Guthrie's  muscle.  It  arises  from  the  ramus 
of  the  ischium,  and  pass'es  inwards  to  embrace 
the  membranous  urethra.  The  other  portion  is 
perpendicular,  descending  from  the  pubis  and 
passing  down  to  be  inserted  into  the  transverse 
portion  of  the  muscle; — Pu'bio-unlhra'lis.  This 
portion  has  been  considered  by  maii3T  to  be  only 
the  anterior  fibres  of  the  levator  ani;  and  having 
been  described  by  Mr.  Wilson,  it  has  been  called 
Wilson's  muscle. 

Compressor  Ven^e  Dorsa'lis  Penis.  A  small 
muscle,  distinctly  seen  in  animals,  less  distinctly 
in  man,  which  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
and  ascending  in  a  direction  forwards  is  inserted 
above  the  vena  dorsalis,  joining  with  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  on  the  mesial  line.  Its  use 
is  supposed  to  compress  the  vein  in  erection.  It 
is  sometimes  called  the  muscle  of  Houston,  after 
Dr.  Houston  of  Dublin. 

COMPRESSORIUM,  Compressor. 

COMPTO'NIA  ASPLENIFO'LIA,  Liquidam'- 
bar  peregri'na  seu  asplcnifo'lia,  Myo'ica  aspleni- 
fo'iia,  Sweet  Fern,  Shrubby  Street  Fern,  Sweet 
bush,  Fern  bush,  Fern  gale,  Spleentoort  bush, 
Meadow  fern,  Astringent  root.  An  indigenous 
shrubby  plant,  which  grows  in  sandy  or  stony 
woods  from  New  England  to  Virginia.     It  pos- 


COMPUXCTIO 


20 


CONCUSSION 


scsses  tonic  and  astringent  properties,  and  u  need 
a<  a  doinestio  remedy  in  diarrhoea,  Ac.,  in  the 
form  r>f  decoction. 

.  Paracentesis,  Puncturing. 
asesthesis. 
'.  RIUM,  Pineal  gland. 
>N  VTUS,  Effort. 
fCARNATIO,  Syssareosis. 

CONCASSER,    i  F.  .    from    Conqua**are,    (com 

and  7  shake  much,']  *  to   break   to 

•  inminute.'    To  reduce  roots,  wood?, 
■  small  fragments,  i:i  order  that  their  ac- 
tive  principles   may    be    more  readily   separated 
.■•in. 

OOm    and     causa,) 
SyHce'tioH.     A  cause  which  co-operates  with  an- 
■i  the  production  of  die 

HULARI8  CEREBRI, 
lihulum  of  the  brain. 
CONCAVUM  PEDIS, 

JENTRAN'TIA,   from  com  and   centrum, 
A  name  once  given  to  absorbents  of 

I  ONCENTRA'TION.  ''to.    A  word 

sometimes  used,  in  medieal  theories,  to  express 

an  efflux  of  fluids,  or  a  convergence  of  sensibility 

or  of  vital  force,  towards  an  organ.    It  is  applied, 

the  pnlsation  of  arteries,  when  not  easily 

ler  the  fin  • 

POULS   CONCENTRE,    (F.)     A   term   ap- 

v   the    French   to  a   pulse  of  the   above 

CEPTACULA    SEMIXARIA,    Vesiculas 
iriae. 
CONCEPT  LCULXJM,  Uterus,  V 
CONCBPTIO,  Conception  — c.  Vitiosa,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine. 

fCEP'TION,   Concep'tio,  Ooncep'tut,  Cye'- 

tia,   from  concipio,   (com 

pio,)  '  I  conceive.'     The  impregnation  of 

.im  by  the  positive    contact   of   the  male 

-ilts  a  new  being.     The  whole 

subject    of  conception    is    most    mysterious.     It 

to    occur  as  follows.     During    the    sexual 

.   the  male  sperm  passes  along   the   uterus 

ami   Fallopian  tubes:  the  fimbriated  extremities 

of  the  latter  seize  hold  of  the  ovarium  ;  and  the 

in    this   manner  comes  in  contact  with   a 

maturated   ovum,  and   impregnates    it.      The    fe- 

eund  ited  ovum  remains  some  time  in  the  ovarium. 

length  bursts  ring,  is  laid  hold  of 

fimbriated   extremity   of  the    Fallopian 

ilong  the  tube  into  the  cavity 

uterus,  where  it  remains  for  the  full  period 

opinion,  that 

am  is  not  impregnated  until  it  has  entered 

llopian  tube,  or  uterus. 

v.  False,  Fal*u*  Coneep'tu*,  Spu'- 

rimm  germen,  (F.J  I  eption,  Faux  germe. 

An  irregular,  preternatural  conception,  the  result 

a  mole  or  sonx'  similar  production, 

■  i  of  r  properly  organized  foetus.    See  Mole. 

-       The   first  rudiments   of  the 

•ion.     Also,  conception. 

• .  C  inception,  false. 
'not,  Koy^n,   'a  concave  shell.' 
A  liqu 

:    an  ounce.  spply  this  term  to 

I  hollow  part-  of  the  body; — as  the  Concha 
Ear,  —  Concha   Ami*,  Concha  Auric' uUb  } 
Conque — the  hollow  part  of  the 

r.    II  io,  been  applied  to 

OS    of   the   female;    to    the    pa- 

•     r       '  i.   Turbinated   bone   (middle,) 
Valve  —  c.  Aaris  interna.  Cochlea  —  o.  I 

iibulum  of  the  brain — c.  Genu,  Patella — c. 

ir,  Turbinat  nferior)  —  o, 

riuthi,    Cochlea— c.    Morgagoiana,    Turbinated 


bone,  (superior) — c.  Xarium  superior,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior.) 

CONCHJE    NARIUM,    Turbinated   bones— c. 
Veneris,  Turbinated  bones. 
I  ONCHA'RUM    ANTIFEBRILE.     A   febri- 
i  sudorific  preparation  in  Bates's  Pkamut- 
It   was  composed   of  vinegar,  mussel- 
shells,  and  water  of  Carduut  benedict**. 
CONCHO-HELIX.     A   small,  fleshy  fasciea- 
iched   to  the  concha  of  the  ear  and   helix. 
It  is  also  called  the  email  must-It   of  tltt  helix. 

COM  ill  8,    C    teha.     The    cranium.     In    the 
plural,  it  means  the  orbitar  cavities. — Castelli. 
i  l.i.  Orbit. 
CONCUTLIA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CIDENTIA,  Col 
CONCILIA  CORPORALIA,  Coition. 
CONCIL'IDM.      A  milky  plant,  referred  to  by 
Pliny  as  aphrodisiac  and  an  ti  phthisical.    Adansou 
considers  ir  to  be  a  Campanula. 

CONCOCTED,  Concoc'tua,  ifatura'tue,  Pepei1- 
run;  from  con  and  coquere,  "to  boil.'    Brought  to 
maturity;  ripe;  concocted:  digested. 
C0NC0CTI0,  Coction— c.  Tarda,  Dyspepsia. 
CONCOCTION,  Coction. 
CONCOMBRE  ORDINAIRE,  Cucumis  sati- 
vus — c  Snuvage,  Momordica  elaterium. 
CONCOMITANS,  Concomitant 
CONCOM'ITANT,  Concom'itan*,  from  eon  and 
eomitare,  (itself  from  oomire  —  <n>n  and  ire,)  'to 
go  with.'     That  which  accompanies.    A  symptom 
which  accompanies  others. 

CONCREMATIO,  Calcination. 
CONCREMENTA    Z0011YLICA,    see     Zoo- 
hylica. 

CONCREMENTUM.  Concretion. 
CONCRETIO,    Adherence,    Concretion  — c. 
Palpebrarum  cum  bulbo  oeuli,  Symblepharosis. 

CONCIIE'TIOX,     Concre'tio,     Coner  emeu' turn, 
from  concrescere,  concretum,   (con  and   en 
'to    condense,    thicken,    become    solid:' 

.'■'is,  TTTji-ts,  (rvfi^rj^i.     The  act  of  becoming 
i  thick  or  solid.     It  was  once  used  synonymously 
with  adhesion  or  growing  together — as,  uconcre- 
ti'in  <>f  the  toes."     Most  commonly,  it   is   applied 
to  extraneous   and   inorganic   bodies,  of   a  solid 
character,    met  with   in  different   textures,  after 
certain    chronic   inflammations;    or  which    make 
1  their  appearance  in  the  joints  or  in  the  reservoirs 
for  excrementitial    fluids.     Concretion   is,  there- 
|  fore,   frequently   synonymous   with  Calculu*,  and 
j  is  then  rendered,  in  Latin,  by  the  word  Concre- 
.  mentnm.     Rut  Concretion   has  a  more    extensive 
signification  than  Calculus;  thus,  accidental  ossi- 
:  -  or  deposits  of  phosphate  of  lime  in  cer- 
tain organs,  and  especially  in  the  liver  and  lungs, 
I  are  properly   called   o**eou*   concretion*.      They 
could  not  well  be  called  OMCOUB  volenti. 

RBTioir,    Fibrihous,    Sanguineous,    Po- 
LTPiroRV,  or  Polypous,  op  thb  Heart,  see  Poly- 

I  pus — c.  Intestiualis,  Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and 
Intestines. 

CONCRETIONES  ALVIN.F.  Calculi  of  the 
stomach  and  intestines. 

CUBITUS,  Coition— c  Venereus,  Coition. 

CONCUR'SUS,  from  concurrent,  (con,  and  <->ir- 

y  r> .  eunum,  'to  run.')  'to  meet  together, 

dromi,    The  congeries  or  collection  of  symptoms, 

which  constitute  and  distinguish  a  particular  dis- 

CONCUS'SION,  Commo'tion,  from  eoneutio, 
eoncu**um,  [con  and  quatere,  'to  shake.')  'I  -hake 
Ooncut'tio,  Thlaema  Concue'eio,  Com- 
mo'tio,  Ann*!*' inn*.  Tinagmut,  (V.)  Commotion. 
In  Surgery,  it  i-  used  for  the  agitation  often  com- 
nnnieated  to  one  organ  by  a  fall  upon  another; 
aa  to  tlo-  brain  from  a  fall  on  the  breech,  a-. 

In    all    severe    injuries,    in    Bttdden    encephalic 
hemorrhage,  and   in   overwhelming   emotions,  a 


COXDENSANTIA 


23  0 


CONFECTIO 


concussion  or  shock  is  felt  to  a  greater  or  less  ex-  j 
tent  in  the  nervous  system,  which  requires  the  j 
careful  attention  of  the  physician. 

Concussion  of  the  Brain,  Commo'tio  Cer'ebri, 
Apoplex'ia    nervo'sa   traumatica,  EncepTialosia' - 
■mux,  (F.)  Commotion  du  Cerveau,  sometimes  gives  ; 
rise  to  alarming  symptoms,  even  to  abolition  of  J 
the  functions  of  the  brain,  yet  without  any  sen- 
sible organic  disease.     Slight  concussion  of  the  j 
brain,  called  stunning,  consists  in  vertigo,  tinnitus  | 
aurium,  loss   of  memory,  and   stupefaction;    all 
these  being  temporary.    When  more  severe,  there 
is  instant  loss  of  sensation  and  volition,  vomiting, 
the  patient  being  as  if  in  a  sound  sleep,  but  there 
is  no  stertorous  breathing.    Pulse  variable,  gene- 
rally more  rapid  and  feeble  than  in  compression; 
extremities   cold.     Little   can   be  done  here,  till 
reaction  has  occurred:  after  this,  the  case  must 
be  treated  according  to  general  principles, — by 
bleeding,  blisters,  cold  applied  to  the  head,  &c. 
After  severe  concussion,  a  patient,  although  ap- 
parently well,  is  not  safe  till  some  time  after  the 
accident. 

CONDEXRAX'TIA,  from  con  and  densus, 
'dense:'  Tncrassan'tia,  Medicines  esteemed 
proper  for  inspissating  the  humours. 

CONDENSATIO,  Condensation,  Stegnosis. 

CONDENSATION,  Gondensa'tio,  Inspissa'tio. 
Increase  in  density  of  the  blood  and  other  liquids, 
or  of  the  solids,  which  enter  into  the  composition 
of  the  human  body. 

CONDENSER,  see  Alembic. 

Condbn'ser,  Likbfg's.  A  distillatory  arrange- 
ment, invented  by  Liebig.  in  which  the  tube  con- 
veying the  vapour  is  made  to  pass  through  an- 
other tube,  the  calibre  of  which  is  such  as  to 
leave  a  space  between  the  two,  through  which  a 
stream  of  water  may  be  made  to  run. 

CON'DIMENT,  Oondimcn'tum,  Ar'tyma,  He- 
dys'ma,  Gonditu'ra,  from  condire,  'to  season.' 
(F.)  Assaissonnement.  Some  substances  are  called, 
at  times,  aliments,  and  at  others,  condiments,  ac- 
cording as  they  constitute  the  basis  or  the  acces- 
sory to  any  dish  :  such  are  cream,  butter,  mush- 
rooms, olives,  &e.  Others  are  always  condiments, 
as  they  are  only  used  to  improve  the  savour  of 
food,  and  contain  but  little  nutritive  matter.  Such 
are  pepper,  salt,  cinnamon,  &c.  Almost  all  con- 
diments are  possessed  of  stimulant  properties. 

CONDIT,  Confectio. 

COXDI'TUM,  same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical compound  of  wine,  honey,  and  some  aro- 
matics,  especially  penper.     Also,  a  confection. 

CONDITURA  CADAVERUM,  Embalming. 

CONDOM,  Armour,  (F.)  Baudruche,  liedin- 
gote  Anglaise,  Gant  des  Dames,  Calotte  d' assu- 
rance, Peon  divine.  The  intestinum  caecum  of  a 
sheep,  soaked  for  some  hours  in  water,  turned 
inside  out,  macerated  again  in  weak,  alkaline  ley, 
changed  every  twelve  hours,  and  scraped  care- 
fully to  abstract  the  mucous  membrane,  leaving 
the  peritoneal  and  muscular  coats  exposed  to  the 
vapour  of  burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards 
Trashed  with  soap  and  water.  It  is  then  blown 
up,  dried,  cut  to  the  length  of  seven  or  eight 
inches,  and  bordered  at  the  open  end  with  a 
riband.  It  is  drawn  over  the  penis  prior  to  coi- 
tion, to  prevent  venereal  infection  and  pregnancy. 
It  received  its  name  from  its  proposer,  Dr.  Con- 
dom. 

CONDUCTIO,  Tonic  spasm,  Convulsion. 
CONDUCTION,   VIBRATIONS    OF,   see 
Sound. 

CONDUCTOR,  Director,  Itinera' rium,  (F.) 
Condncti -in- ;  from  con,  'with,'  and  ducere,  duc- 
titin.  'to  lead.'  That  which  conducts.  The  Con- 
ductor was  an  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the 
high  operation  for  the  stone,  for  directing  the 
forceps  into  the  bladder. 


CONDUIT,  Canal  — c.  Anditif  externe.  Audi- 
tory canal,  external — c.  Anditif  interne,  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  c.  Auricnlaire,  Auditory  canal, 
external — c.  Ckolidoque,  Choledoch  duct — e.  De- 
ferent, Deferens — c.  d'Eustaehe,  Eustachian  tube 
— c.  Gutturale  dc  Voreille,  Eustachian  tube — c.  La- 
byrinthique,  Auditory  canal,  internal — c.  Ptiry- 
goidien,  Pterygoid  canal — c.  de  la  Pudeur,  Vagina 
— c.  Sousorbitaire,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Spermn- 
tique,  Deferens  (vas)  —  c.  Thoracique,  Thoracic 
duct — c.  Vidien,  Pterygoid  canal. 

CONDUITS  AD1PEUX,  Fatty  canals  —  c. 
Aqucux,  see  Aqueous  —  c.  Aveugles  de  Vurcthre, 
see  Caecus — c.  Dentaires,  Dental  canals — c.  If'., 
cidatcurs,  Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Lacrymaux,  La- 
chrymal ducts — c.  Lactiferes,  Lactiferous  vessels 
— c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutritive — c.  Nutriciers, 
Canals,  nutritive. 

CONDYLARTHRO'SIS,  from  kov6v\oS,  'a  con- 
dyle,' and  aoBjjov,  'a  joint.'  Articulation  by  con- 
dyles. An  elongated  head  or  condyle,  received 
into  an  elliptical  cavity. 

CON'DYLE,  Con'dyli,  Gon'dylus,  Copit'nlnm, 
from  KovSvXoi,  'a  knot,  eminence.'  An  articular 
eminence,  round  in  one  direction,  flat  in  the  other. 
A  kind  of  process,  met  with  more  particularly  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints; — such  as  the  condyles  of 
the  occipital,  inferior  maxillary  bone,  &c.  Some 
anatomists  have  applied  the  term,  however,  to 
eminences  that  are  not  articular, — as  to  the  late- 
ral tuberosities  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  as 
humeri,  and  even  to  certain  depressions,  —  as  to 
the  concave  articular  surfaces  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  tibia.  Chaussier  calls  the  transverse 
root  of  the  zygomatic  process  Condyle  of  the  tem- 
poral bone. 

COXDYLI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. 

GONDYLIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

COXDYLIUS,  Condyloid. 

COX'DYLOID,  CondyloV dens,  Condylo'des, 
Condi/l'ius,  from  kovSv\os,  'a  condyle,'  and  «<5oj, 
'shape.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  condyle. 

Condyloid  Foram'ina,  Foram'ina  Condylo'idea, 
(F.)  Trous  condylo'idiens,  Fosses  condylo'idiennes. 
They  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. They  are  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
occipital  bone; — two  anterior,  and  two  posterior 
to  the  condyles  or  condyloid  processes  of  the 
same  bone,  and  to  depressions,  which  are  called 
Fossce  Condyluideae. 

As  the  word  Condylo'idien  means,  'that  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  condyle,'  it  has  been  judi- 
ciously proposed  by  some  French  anatomists  that 
condylien  should  be  used  in  preference,  in  the 
cases  of  the  foramina  and  fossae. 

CONDYLOIDIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

CONDYLO'MA,  Condylo'sis,  Con'dylus,  Yer- 
ru'ca  carno'sa,  from  kov5v\os,  'a  knot,'  'an  emi- 
nence.' A  soft,  fleshy  excrescence,  of  an  indolent 
character,  which  appears  near  the  orifice  of  the 
genital  organs  and  rectum,  and  occasionally  on 
the  fingers  and  toes.  It  is  a  consequence  of  the 
syphilitic  virus.  Such  tumours  are  also  called 
Dermophy'mata  vene'rea. 

CONDYLOSIS,  Condvloma. 

CONDYLES,  Condyloma. 

CONEFLOWER,  Rudbeckia  laciniata  — c. 
Purple,  Echinacea  purpurea. 

CONFINE,  see  Conium. 

CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysenteri- 
cum. 

CONFECTIO,  Confec'tion,  from  conficio,  con- 

fectum,  {con  and  fa  cere,  'to  make,')  'I  make  up.' 

Alig'ulus,  (F.)  Confit,  Confiture,  Condit.     In  gene- 

|  ral,  it  means  anj-thing  made  up  or  preserved  with 

sugar.     In    the    Pharmacopoeias    of    the    United 

i  States,  London,  and  Dublin,  it  includes  the  arti- 


COXFECTIO 


231 


COXFECTIO 


cles  before  called  electuaries  and  conserves.    Con- 
ir  Confec'tum  also  means  Confectionary, 

...      ■    i,  Alkermes. 
i  no  Amyodala'rum,  C.  Amyg'dala,  Con- 
lygdala'rum,  Almond  Confection,  Almond 
i  i  AmygdalV 

si*va,    Bnty'rum    Amygdala' rum    Dnl'civ 
i  linn    d'Ama  ii-.         s  Is,    3  viij  ; 

gum  acacia,  ^j :  white  sugar,  <$iv.  Blanco  the 
almonds,  and  beat  into  a  paste.)  A  good  mode 
of  keeping  almonds  in  a  state  tit  lor  making 
emulsions. 

I  i  io  Aw  ii!i;"i:m.  C.  PanWna, 

,    hind:    pepper,    atorax,   galbanum, 

3    '  .  ■     ■'    *'.'/'' '7' 

qf  wormwood,  gij.)     It  was  much  recommended 

mulant  in  nervous  affections. 

•  ii"  Abomat'ica,  C.  Cardi'aea  sen  Ra- 

Itigha'na,    Eleetun' riumx    Aromaficum,    Aromatic 

(  .   Sir   Walter  Raleigh's  Cordial.     The 

following  is  the  formula,  i  Pulv.  <"■<>- 

want.  5V8S;   croci,  in   pulv.  gssj   syrup.   auranL 

5vj ;     Mel   despumat.    5'ij.      Hub    the    aromatic 

powder  with  tin.-  Baffron;  then  add  the  syrup  and 

boney.  and  beat  together  on  til  thoroughly  mixed. 

9j  !"  o.i- 

ctio  AuRASTro'umr,   C.  Auran'tii  Cor'- 
.8.),  '■(    Cor'ticnm  Aurantio'- 

rum  t  -  Exterio'ris  Aurantii  Hispalen*- 

I'inis  Corticum  Aurantiorum  Hiapa- 
ien'sinm  sou  .1"/"  Aurantii,  C 

ti'in  of  tin  Orange,  Conaerve  of  Orange  Peel. 
(  Yellow  //nit  of  the  pnl  of  the  orange,  tbj  :   ree- 

•    •/<</•.   Ibiij  :   heat  into  a   conserve.)      It  is  . 
stomachic,  and  an  agreeable  vehicle,  oorrigent, 
juvant  for  other  remedies.     Dose.  !|as. 
laca,  Confeotio  aromatioa. 
-   v..  Conserva  cassia,  Electua! '- 
riiim  Cassia  Fie' tula  sen  Cassia  sen 
lojrati'vHm  Beu  Cassia  tamarinda'tum  sen  leniti'- 
Diacaa'aia  cum  Manna,  Ca*aia 
1  tia    pulp,    ¥»>>;    manna,    ^ij: 

tamarind    pulp,    ^j  ;     syrup    of     roses,    f^viij. 
BrUise    the    manna,    dissolve    by    heat,    mix    the 
pulp,  and  evaporate. — (Ph.  L.)    It  is  gently  laxa- 
I '   -••.  - --. 

C'TIO    "Al'l'IT     CoMPOS'lTI'M.     Eli 

rili  111  Catechu,  Compound  Confection  of  Catechu. 

(Pulr.  catechu    romp.  5v  (avoirdupois) ;   Syrup. 

f^v,   mix.    (Ph.  D.)     The  Edinburgh    confection 

is  formed  of  catechu  and  kino,  each  .^iv;  cinna- 

vi'in  ami   nutmeg,  each  5j  :  opium,  diffused  in  a 

little  nherry,  JJise ;   Syrup  of  Red  Rosea,  of  the 

nee  of  honey,  Oiss  (Imp.  mens.):  mixed 

together.      A   grain   of 

opium   is   contained   in  about  200  grains  of  the 

m  1--.     1>  -•■.  ;i-  an  astringent,  .~~s  to  ^j. 

■  ■  bci  10  1»  \moci:atis.  Mithrid 

1  EI  am  bc — so  called  from  an  Arabian 

physiciau  —  was    ( iposed    of   the    bark    of   the 

-.  black myrobalans,  violets,  pulp 

cynth,   po/ypodium   of  tin-   mil-,  leaves   of 

wormwood,  thyme,  aniaeed,  f  nnel,  red  roaea,  pulps 

nisins,  augar,  hot  hubarb, 

A  •.  ,  a-  a  purgative  in  Lrly-' 

1   Htacik'thi,   Hy'acinth   Confection, 
I  ■  'tin  1I1    1 ',  nco  >  uf  nda'ta 

olim   dicta   ,!>■  h,p-  '  1.  P.)      A  tonic  and 

.  composed,  accord- 
ing   to  •  •  .  of   terra   sigillata,  crabs'   stums, 
■1'  tin-  dittany  of  Crete,  myrrh, 
'  ,-/„,,, in  honey, 
oil  of  lemon,  Ac:  and  formerly  the  hyacinth  was 
add <  '1.  n  bence  its  name 

1  O'PII.  C.  opia'ta,  V.l<  ctua'rium 

11  O'pii,  Phil',' ilium  Londinen'H  sen  Roma'- 

num.  :  :  1  tua'rium   Tin i,a'  - 

n     Confection,    [Opium,    in     powder, 

1  <t.  3vjj  Mel  despumat,  Jxivj 


mix  thoroughly.     One  grain  of  opium  in  36  :  — 
Ph.   1".  S.)      It  is  narcotic  and  stimulant, 
gr.  x  to  £j. 

Coxfectio  Paulina,  Confeotio  Archigeni  —  c 
ex  Capitibus  papaveris,  Diaoodium. 

Pip'ebis,  C.  I'ip>  ri»  nigri,  /. 
riiim  /'  '-■  Paste  for  Fie1  tula, 

pepper,  elecampane  root,  each   tbj  ;  fenm 
ltuij ;   honey  and  sugar,  each    tbij,   (Ph.  0.  B 

•.e  of  a  nutmeg,  three   or  four   times   a 
day. 

ei  no  I!  kLi  [gb  tn  \.  Confectio  aromatiea. 

■  i:   -  1 .  '  .  R  -,.    <  1  ■     '■ .;   sea  Rosa 
rubra,   Coneer'pa   Rota  sen    Roea  Gal' Item  sen 
Florum    Roaa'rum  Rubra! rum  sen  Florun    /.'  - 
Rubra,   Rhodoeac'charum,    Sac' char um    li 
um,  Confection  of  the  A'"/  Roae.     [li"l  n 
powder,  .^iv;  Sugar, in  powder,^xxz;  Clarified 
honey,  %vj',  Rote  water,  t" 3 viij.     Rub  the 
with   the   rose  water  at  a  bulling  heat;   then   ad  I 
gradually   the   BUgar  and    honey,   and   beat  until 
thoroughly  mixed.— Ph.  V.  S.)     It  is  astringent, 
and  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle  for  other  remedies. 

Cohfbi  110  Rosae  Cam'n.i:,  Coneer'va  Roea 
C'tni'nGP  sen  Roea  FructfU  sen  Cynoe'hi 
Cynor'rhodi,  Rub  Cynoe'batoa,  Confection  or  Cou- 
aerve  of  Dog  Rose.  {Pulp  of  dog  rose.  lbj  ;  sugn, , 
§XX.  Incorporate.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  chiefly  used 
as  a  vehicle  for  other  remedies. 

Confkctio  Rt'T.K,  Oonfection  of  Rite.  (Rue 
leaves,  dried,  carnuroy  sen/",  bay  berriee,  of  each 
^  188;  tagapennm,  Xiv ;  black  pepper,  £iy,  honey, 
'^xvj.  Mix. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  given  in  clysters,  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  carminative. 

Confbctio  7>K  San'talis,  Confection  of  the 
Sanders,  (F.)  Confection  de  Sandaux.  [Sandal 
wood,  red  coral,  bole  armeniac,  terra  sigillata, 
kermea  berries,  tormentil  root,  dittany,  saffron, 
myrtle,  red  roses,  calcined  hartshorn,  and  cloves.) 
It  was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent. 

Confectio  Bcamuo'rii,  Electua' rium  Scammo'- 
nii  sen  t  Scammo'nio,  Caryocost'inumj  Confectit  * 
-  im'mony.  (Pondered  scammony,  jjiss ; 
bruised  cloves,  powdered  ginger,  ai  5V.)  :  ""'  °f 
carraway,  5s5  j  syrup  of  roses,  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  A 
stimulating  cathartic.     Dose,  gss  to  £). 

Confectio  Beknjb,  Electua' rium  Cassia  Senna;, 
■in  cum  Pulpis  sen  Senna  eompos'itum  sea 
ape'riens  sen  cathol'icum  commu'ni  sen  diapru'- 
n  a  in  sen  eeeoprot'ieum  sen  Senna  sen  e  Sennd  sen 
leniti'vum,  Benedic'tum  Laxati'vm 
of  Si  nun.  Len'itive  Elec'twtry,  Ac  |  St  nna  learn  a, 
5  viij  :  figs,  lbj  ;  tamarind  pulp,  cassia  pulp,  pulp 
of  French  prunes,  each  tbss  :  coriander  set  d,  t^i\  : 
liquorice  root,  5hjj  sugar,  tbiiss;  water,  Oiv. 
Rub  the  senna  and  coriander  together:  separate 
10  ounces  of  the  powder  with  a  sieve;  boil  the 
residue  with  the  figs  and  liquorice  root  in  the 
water  to  one-half:  press  out  the  liquor  and  strain. 
Evaporate  the  Liquor  by  means  of  a  water  bath 
to  a  pint  and  a  half:  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a 
syrup.  Rub  the  pulps  with  the  syrup,  gradually 
added:  throw  in  the  silted  powder,  and  beat  till 
thoroughly  mixed.— Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a  laxative, 
and  i<  used  in  habitual  constipation,  and  in  00C- 
stipation  during  pregnancy.     I  ~,  -■ 

BCTio  Sti.i'ii'i  1:1s,  Confection  of  Sulphur, 
(Sulphur,  sublim.  3Ui   Potass.   Bitart.  ,5J  :  Mel. 
despumat.   ^i  :    Syrup.  Zingib.  Syrup   Croci,   SS 
f^sa.    M. — Ph.  D.)    As  a  laxative  and  altera- 
tive.   Dose,  Sj  to  Ju- 
ki no  Cbri  bib  '  "V.  b,  Co  f  '  'tion  of  Tur1- 
[01.  Tereb.  f  Jj  J   Pulv.  Olycyrr) 
M.i.   despumat.   Jij.  —  Ph.   D.)      An    agi 
mode  of  administering  turpentine.     Dose,  ■*■  scra- 
pie to  a  drachm. 

de  Thcrb,  Frank'ina 
■'■■  tin,,  (TEnCi  w.      A    compound   of 
coriander  seeds,    nutmeg,   thus,  liquorice,  uuuttich, 


CONFECTION 


232 


CONGLOBATE 


cubebs,  prepared  hartshorn,  conserve  of  red  roses, 
sugar,  <fcc. 

CONFECTION,  Confectio— c.  d'Amandes,  Con- 
fection, almond — c.  of  Catechu,  compound,  Con- 
fectio catechu  cotnpositum — c.  d'Encens,  Confectio 
de  Thure — c.  Frankincense,  Confectio  de  Thure 
c.  of  the  Orange,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  of 
the  Red  rose,  Confectio  rosae  Gallicae — c.  of  Rue, 
Confectio  rutae — c.  de  Sandaux,  Confectio  de  san- 
talis — c.  of  the  Sanders,  Confectio  de  santalis — c. 
of  Sulphur,  Confectio  sulphuris-"-  c.  of  Turpen- 
tine, Confectio  terebinthinae. 
CONFECTUM,  Confection. 
CONFERVA  HELMINTHOCORTOS,  Coral- 
lina  Corsicana. 

Confer'va  Riva'lis.  This  species  of  River 
IVecd  has  been  recommended  in  cases  of  spas- 
modic asthma,  phthisis,  &c. 

CONFINEMENT,  Parturient  state. 
CONFIRM ANTIA,  Tonics. 
CONFIRMED,  Consummatus. 
CONFIT,  Confectio. 
CONFITURE,  Confectio. 

CON'FLUENT,  Con'fluens,  from  con,  and  flu- 
ire,  Ho  flow.'  'Running  together.'  An  epithet 
fur  certain  exanthematous  affections,  in  which  the 
pimples,  pustules,  &c,  run  together.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  small-pox,  so  circumstanced. 
Some  authors  have  called  scarlatina  or  scarlet 
fever  Confluent  Measles,  Morbil'li  Confluences. 

CONFL  UENT  J)ES  SINUS,  Torcular  Hero- 
phili. 

CONFLUEN'TIA,  Confcedera'tio ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Confluent.  A  term,  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  express  the  concordance  between  a  dis- 
ease and  its  remedies. 

CONFL UXIO,  Sympathy. 
CONFCEDERATIO,  Confluentia. 
CONFORMATIO,  Conformation,  Structure. 
CONFORMATION,  Conforma'tio,  Diap'lasis, 
Diop/as'mus,    Structure,   from   conformare,    {con, 
and  formare,  formatum,  'to  form,')  'to  arrange/ 
4  dispose.'     The  natural  disposition  or  arrange- 
ment of  the  body. 

Faulty  conformation,  (F.)  Vice  de  conformation, 
is  vice  of  original  formation  ;  existing,  of  course, 
from  birth.     In  French  surgery,  Conformation  is 
used  synonymously  with  Coaptation,  and  both  it, 
Di aplasia  and  Anaplasis  mean,  also,  restoration 
to  the  original  form — as  in  fractures,  &c. 
CONFORTANTIA,  Tonics. 
CONFORTATIVA,  Tonics. 
CONFORTER  (F.),  Confirma're,  Conforta're, 
Corroborate,    (con,    and   fortis,    'strong.')      To 
make  stronger  —  to  give  energy.      Conforter  I'es- 
tomac,  '  to  strengthen  the  stomach.' 

CONFRICA'TION,  Confrica'tio,  from  confri- 
ctre,  (con,  and  fricare,  fricatum,)  'to  rub.'  The 
aetion  of  reducing  a  friable  substance  to  powder, 
by  rubbing  it  between  the  fingers ;  and  of  ex- 
pressing the  juice  of  a  plant  with  the  hand. 

CONFRICA'TRIX,  from  con,  'with,'  and  fri- 
care, fricatum,  'to  rub.'  A  female  who  practises 
masturbation. 

CONFU'SiE  FEBRES.  Intermittents,  whose 
paroxysms  are  irregular  and  confused. — Bellini. 

CONFU'SIO,  from  confundo,  (con  tmdfundere, 
fusnm,  'to  pour,')  'I  mix  together;'  Syn'chisis. 
A  disease  of  the  eye,  which  consists  in  the  mix- 
ture of  the  humours. — Galen.  In  modern  times, 
Synchysis  has  been  applied  to  a  morbid  state  of 
the  vitreous  body,  in  which  it  is  reduced  to  a 
diffluent  condition.  Occasionally,  sparkling  bo- 
dies are  perceptible,  which  seem  to  be  seated  be- 
hind the  crystalline,  in  the  vitreous  humour: 
hence,  the  disease  has  been  called  sparkling  syn- 
chysis  or  spinthero'pia,  from  a-RivQnp,  'a  spark,' 
and  co^,  'the  eye;'  (F.)  Spintheropie,  Sciutille- 


ment  de  Voeil.  Confusio  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Complejcio. 

CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

CONGEE  DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis- 
charges. 

CONGELANTIA,  Congelativa. 

CONGELATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONGELA'TION,  Congela'tio,  Conglacia'tio, 
Gela'tio,  from  congelo,  (con,  and  gelare,  gelatum,) 
'I  congeal,'  'I  freeze.'  The  action  of  congealing, 
of  passing  to  the  solid  state  by  the  abstraction  of 
heat;  as  congelation  of  water,  mercury,  &c.  The 
term  had  once  other  acceptations.  1.  It  was  sy- 
nonymous with  concretion.  2.  With  coagulation, 
in  which  sense  it  is  still  occasionally  employed. 
3.  The  ancients  called  all  diseases,  produced  by 
cold,  congelations,  as  well  as  those  in  which  there 
was  a  kind  of  stupor  or  torpor — particularly  cata- 
lepsy.    Also,  Frostbite,  (Prov.)  Keenbite. 

Congelation  of  a  part,  by  the  application  of 
powdered  ice  or  of  a  freezing  mixture,  in  a  blad- 
der or  gauze  bag,  has  been  employed  to  induce 
anaesthesia  in  the  lesser  surgical  operations.  It 
has  also  been  used  in  external  inflammation. 

CONGELATI'VA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  Con- 
glutinan'tia,  Congelan'tia.  Medicines,  considered 
capable  of  uniting  or  consolidating  wounds,  <fcc. 

CON'GENER,  Congenerous,  from  con,  and 
genus,  generis,  'kind.'  (F.)  Congenere.  Of  the 
same  kind  or  species.  Resembling  each  other  in 
some  manner.  AVhen  applied  to  muscles,  it 
means,  that  they  concur  in  the  same  action ;  in 
opposition  to  the  word  antagonist,  or  that  which 
acts  in  an  opposite  direction. 

In  France  Congeneres  is  applied  to  those  who 
join  in  the  dissection  of  the  same  subject. 

CONGENIAL,  Congenital. 

CONGENIALIS,  Congenital. 

CONGENITA  NOTil,  Naevus. 

CONGEN'ITAL,  Con'genite,  Congenia'lis,  Con- 
gen' itus,  Syngen'icns,  from  con,  and  genitus,  'be- 
gotten.' (F.)  Congenial  ou  Congenital.  Diseases 
which  infants  have  at  birth  :  hence,  Congenital 
affections  are  those  that  depend  on  faulty  confor- 
mation ;  as  congenital  hernia,  congenital  cataract, 
&c!    See  Connate. 

CONGESTED,  Hyperaemic. 

CONGESTIO,  Congestion  — c.  Abdominalis, 
Cceliaemia  —  c.  Pectoris,  Stethaemia —  c.  Pulmo- 
num,  Stethaemia — c.  Sanguinis,  Congestion. 

CONGES'TION,  Conges' tio,  Rhope,  from  con- 
gerere,  (con,  and  gerere,  gestum,  'to  carry,')  'to 
amass,'  'accumulate,'  &c.  Symph'ora,  Hcemate- 
pago'ge,  Hcsmatosympliore'sis,  Hcamatosyna go' ' ge, 
Hamorme'  sis,  Syinphore'ma,  Symphore'sis,  Syna- 
throis'mus,  Synathroe'sis,  Sau'gninis  Conges'tio, 
Engorgement.  Accumulation  of  blood — hypere- 
mia— in  an  organ.  It  is  an  important  symptom 
in  febrile  and  other  disorders.  It  may  arise  cither 
from  an  extraordinary  flow  of  blood  by  the  arte- 
ries, or  from  a  difficulty  in  the  return  of  blood  to 
the  heart  by  the  veins.  More  often,  perhaps,  it 
is  owing  to  the  latter  cause,  and  is  termed  venous 
congestion,  stasis  or  stagnation  —  being  not  unu- 
sually attended  with  symptoms  of  oppression  and 
collapse.     See  Hyperaemia. 

Congestion  of  the  Abdomen,  CoeliaBmia  —  c. 
of  the  Brain,  Stethaemia — c.  Cerebrale,  Cephalo- 
haemia^-c.  du  Cerveau,  Cephalohaamia — c.  of  the 
Lungs,  Stethaemia  —  c.  des  Poumons,  Stethaemia 
— c.  Sanguine  ruchidienne,  Ilypermvelohannia. 

CONGEST'IVE,  Congesti'vus,  (F.)  Congestif. 
Belonging  or  relating  to,  or  affected  with,  con- 
gestion— as  'congestive  fever.' 

Congestive  Fever,  see  Fever,  congestive. 

CONGLACIATIO,  Congelation. 

CQNGLQ'BATE, Conghba'tu8,h-omcong?obare, 


CON  GLOBE 


1  3  3 


CONOID 


(con,  and  globus,  '■  ball.')  'to  collect,'  'to  gather 
int<>  a  ball.'     (P.)  Cong 

Conglobate  Gland,  Olan'dula  oongloba'ta, 
Hydrad*  n,  Globate  gland.  Lymphatic  gan'glion, 
ande  Congiobie,  Ganglion  Igmphatique. 
A  round  body,  formed  of  Lymphatic  vessels,  eon- 
tier  by  cellular  structure,  but  having 
neither  a  cavity  nor  excretory  duct.  The  me- 
senteric, inguinal  and  axillary  glands  are  of  this 
class. 

CONG  LOBE*,  Conglobate. 
QONG  LOM'BRATB,  Oonglonera'Hut,  from  con, 
nnd  glomerare,  glomeratum,  'to  gather  in  a  heap.' 
rlomera'tutt  (P.)  Conglomeri.  Heaped 
together. 

lom'eratb  Glands,  Glan'dula  eonglome- 
nlo'ea,  are  those  whose  lobules  are 
united  under  the  same  membrane;  as  the  liver, 
kidney. 

CONGLOMERATE  IXTESTINORUM,  Bpi- 
ploce  intestinalis. 
CONGLUTLNANTIA,  Congelativa, 
CONGRM  -  .   Congres'sua,  from 

tongredi,  <■■■  i,  and  gradi,  'to  go,')  'to 

I  ther.'  This  term,  which  has  often  been 
\  lionymously  with  Coition,  means,  also,  the 
ocular  proof,  formerly  ordered  by  judicial  au- 
thority, in  the  presence  of  surgeons  and  matrons, 
to  tesl  the  impotence  or  capabilities  of  parties ; — 
a  most  unsatisfactory  and  indecent  exhibition. 
It  was  forbidden  by  the  Parliament  of  Paris  in 
the  year  1667. 

CONGRESSUS,  Coition. 
C0N1    VASCDLO'BI,   Corpora  pyramida'lia 
Conical  bundles,  formed  by  the  vasa  effe- 
rentia  of  the   testis;    having  their  base  towards 
the  epididymis,  into  the  tube  of  which  they  enter. 
CONIA,  koi  ci.     A  wine,  prepared  by  ferment- 
ing the  must  of  the  grape  on  tar  previously  washed 
i  water.  —  Oitila.     See,  also,   Conium,   and 
Lixivium. 

Co  VI  I.SIS,  Incrustation. 
CONICINE,  -  >e  (  onium. 
CONII   FOLIA,  see  Conium  —  c.  Semen,  see 
Conium. 

CONIINE,  see  Conium. 
CONINE,  see  Conium. 
CONIOSTOSIS,  Pulverization. 
CONIS,  Pulvis. 

[STERIUM,  Apodyterium. 

CON  I' I'M.    C.  macula' turn,   Abi'otet,    Oorian'- 

lacula'tum,  Cieuta  major  Beu  macula' ta  sen 

Sfoerkii  seu  terres'tris  seu  major  fce'tida  sen  rul- 

Common    ><r    Poison    Hemlock,    Hemlock, 

parsley,   Spotted  parsley,  (Sc.)   Htimloik, 

ordinaire,    G.   graude    ou    officinale. 

S<  r.  Syst.  Pentandria   Digy- 

nia.     The  leave-.  Coni'i  Folia,  and  seeds,  Coni'i 

.  nre   narcotic  and  poisonous  in  an  over- 

Light  destroys  the  virtues  of  the  leaves: 

and,  therefore,  the   powder   should  be    kept  in 

opaque  bottles,  well  corked.     It  has  been  need  as 

a  palliative  in  cancer  and  other  painful  affections ; 

but   is  not  equal   to  opium.     Externally,  it  has 

ipplied   in    fomentation    to    cancerous    and 

Scrofulous  ulcers.     Dose,  (jr.  i.j  to  x. 

It-  active  principle  is  Coni'a,  Conine,  Coniine, 

Confine,  Conicine,  Vicutine.      It,  or  its  salts,  have 

to  the  nervous  centres 

In  van  .us  neuralgic  and  spasmodic  diseases.    It 

i-  a  most  energetic  poison. 

fson't  Remedy  for  Cancer  is  said  to  con- 
powdered  hemlock  and  arsenious  octet. 
Conn  m  Mos(  ha'i i  m,  Aracackm.  A  rerj 
able  and  nutritive  kind  of  tuberous  vegetable,  in 
flavour   not    unlike  celery,   which   grows   on    the 
:   Peru,  but  is  more  abundant  on  the  pro- 
jecting ridges  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  ou  the  east- 


ern declivity  of  the  Andes.  It  Is  cooked  by  being 
either  simply  boiled  in  water,  or  made  into  a  kind 
of  BOUp.  —  Tsehudi. 

CONJONCTIVE,  Conjunctiva. 

CONJONCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia    <t  ft/cm 
norrhagique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

VJUGAISON,  Conjugation. 

CONJUGATION,  ( '  njvg  I'tio,  from  conjugare, 
eonjugatum,  (con,  and  jugum,  'a  yoke,')  'to  yoke 
together.'  (F.)  Conjuaaison,  Assemblage, union} 
—  Conju'gium. 

FOB  \m'i\  \.  (F.)  Trous  de  con- 
jugaieon.  The  apertures  at  the  sides  of  the  spine, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  notches  of  the  verte- 
bra'. They  give  pasaage  to  the  nerves  of  the 
spinal   marrow,  and  to  th(  ffhioh  enter  or 

issue  from  the  vertebral  canal. 

CONJUGIUM,  Coition.  Conjugation. 

CONJUNCTI  (MORBI),  from  conjungere,  (eon, 
and  jungere,  junctum,)  'to  join  together.'  Dis- 
poned together.  Authors  have  distin- 
guished two  kinds  of  these:  one,  in  which  the 
diseases  go  on  simultaneous! J  —  morhi  < annex' i ; 
the  other,  in  which  they  succeed  each  other  — 
morbi  conn  quen'tes. 

CONJONCTIO,  Articulation. 

CONJUNCTIVA,  CUTICULAR,  Xerophthal- 
mia— c.  Granular,  Trachoma. 

Conjuni  ti'va  Mexbra'na,  Oirctmeaula'lit, 
Epipeph'yeos,  Tu'nica  agna'ta  seu  adna'ta  seu 
conjunctiva,  Tvnda  oc'vli,  (P.)  Conjonctive,  Mem- 
brane adnec.  A  mucous  membrane,  so  called 
because  it  unites  the  globe  of  the  eye  with  the 
eyelids.  It  covers  the  anterior  surface  of  the  eye, 
the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  and  the  caruncula 
lacrymalie.  It  possesses  great  general  sensibi- 
litv.  communicated  to  it  by  the  fifth  pair. 

CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia— c  ^Igyp- 
tiaca,  Ophthalmia,  purulent  —  c.  Blennorrhagioa, 
see  Ophthalmia  —  c.  Catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal  —  c.  Gonorrhoea,  see  Ophthalmia  —  c. 
Puro-mucosa  catarrhalis.  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal 
— c.  Puro-mucosa  contagiosa  seu  iEgyptiaca,  Oph- 
thalmia, purulent. 

CONJUNGENS,  Communicans. 

CONNATE,  Conna'tue,  (P.)  Conni,  from  con, 
and  nut un,  'born  with.' 

Connate  Diseases,  (F.)  Maladies  connees, 
Morbi  conna'ti,  are  such  as  an  individual  is  born 
with: — connate  having  the  same  signification  as 
congenital,  A  difference  has  heen  made  by  some, 
however;  those  diseases  or  Conditions  which  are 
dependent  upon  original  conformation,  being 
called  congenital;  —  whilst  the  diseases  or  affec- 
tions that  may  have  supervened  during  gestation 
or  delivery,  are  termed  connate. 

CONNS',  Connate. 

CONNECT'ICUT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  is  a  mineral  spring  at  Stafford,  in  this  State, 
twenty-lour  miles  from  Hartford,  which  I 
tained  more  celebrity  than  any  one  in  New  Eng- 
land. Its  principal  ingredients  are  iron  and  car- 
bonic acid.  It,  consequently,  belongs  to  the 
class  of  acidulous  chalybeates.  There  are  other 
springs  in  the  State,  of  which,  however,  little  that 

IS  accurate  if  known. 

CONNECTIVE  TISSUE,  Cellular  tissue, 

CONNERVATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

0ONNEXI0  OSSIUM  CARNOSA,  Syssareo- 
sis — c.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis — c.  Ligamen- 
.  odesmosis. 

0  0  N  N  U  I  R  I'Tl  8,  Syn'trophoe,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  a  if  trior,  nutritum,  'to  be  nourished.' 
A  disease  is  so  called  which  has  grown  np,  as  it 
were,  with  an  individual,  or  has  been  connate 
with  him. — Hippo  rates,  Galen. 

CONOID,  Condi' deue,  Cono'i'des,  from  kwvoj,  'a 
'  cone,'  and  uaos,  'shape.'  (P.)  Conoid*.  Resem- 
bline  a  cone. 


CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE 


23  4 


CONSONANT 


Conoid  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  cono'i'dcs.  A 
ligament,  passing  from  the  coracoid  process  to  the 
scapula,  and  forming  part  of  the  coraco-clavicular 
ligament  of  some  anatomists. 

CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF  THE  KID- 
N  BY,  see  Kidney. 

CONOIDES  CORPUS.  Pineal  gland. 

CONOPHTHALMIA,  Staphyloma  cornese. 

CONQl  ASS  AyT,  (F.)  Conquas'sanSf  from  con, 
'with,'  4  together,'  and  quassare,  '  to  shake.'  Dou- 
leurs  conquassantes  are  the  pains  of  parturition, 
at  the  time  of  their  greatest  intensity,  when  the 
head  is  engaged  in  the  pelvis. 

CONQUASSA'TION,  Conquassa'tio,  Quassa'- 
tio,  Quassatu'ra.  Same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical operation,  which  consists  in  dividing,  with 
a  pestle,  fresh  vegetables,  fruits,  &c.  See  Con- 
frication. 

CONQUASSATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

CONQUE,  Concha. 

CONSCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A  somnam- 
bulistic condition,  in  which  the  individual  leads, 
as  it  were,  two  lives,  recollecting  in  each  condi- 
tion what  occurred  in  previous  conditions  of  the 
same  character,  but  knowing  nothing  of  the 
occurrences  of  the  other.  See  Duality  of  the 
Mind. 

CONSECUTIVE,  Consecvti'vus,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  sequor,  secntns,  'to  follow.' 

Consecutive  Phenom'ena  or  Symptoms,  (F.) 
Phenumenes  ou  aceidens  consiciitifs,  are  such  as 
appear  after  the  cessation  of  a  disease,  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  during  its  decline;  but  without 
having  any  direct  connexion  with  it. 

CONSENSUAL,  see  Instinctive. 

CONSENSUS,  Consent  of  parts.  Sympathy. 

Consen'sus  Oculo'rum.  The  intimate  asso- 
ciation between  the  two  eyes,  as  exemplified  in 
their  consentaneous  action  in  health,  and  often  in 
disease. 

CONSENT  OF  PARTS,  Consensus,  Consen- 
sus par' tl am.  Sympathi'a,  from  con,  and  sentire, 
sensum,  '  to  feel  ;'  (F.)  Consentement  des  Parties. 
That  relation  of  different  parts  of  the  body  with 
each  other  which  is  more  commonly  denominated 
sympathy. 

CONSENTEMENT  PES  PARTIES,  Con- 
sent of  parts. 

CONSERVATION,  Conserva'tio,  Phylax'is, 
from  conservare,  (con,  and  servare,  servatum.)  'to 
preserve  :'  (F.)  Conservation,  Asservation.  The 
art  of  preserving  any  object  of  pharmacy,  any 
remedial  agent,  <fcc,  from  decay. 

CONSER'VA.  Conserve,  (F.)  Conserve,  Elec- 
tuaire  simple,  Saccharole  man.  Same  etymon. 
A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a 
vegetable  substance  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
sugar  beaten  into  a  uniform  mass.  See  Confec- 
tion. 

Conserva  Absin'trti,  C.  absin'thii  marit'imi, 
Conserve  of  Wormioood.  {Leaves  tbj,  sugar  Ibiij.) 
It  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and 
vermifuge. 

Conserva  Amygdalarum,  Confectio  arnygda- 
larum. 

CONSERVA  AxGEL'lCyE,(Ph.  P.) Conserve d' An gS- 
liqne,  C.  of  Angel'iea.  (Pulp  of  root  250  parts  ; 
tvhite  sngar,  boiled  in  a  decoction  of  the  root, 
and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a  solid  electu- 
ary, 1000  parts.)  It  is  tonic,  aromatic,  and  sto- 
machic. 

Conserva  de  A'pio  Graveolen'te  (Ph.  P.), 
Conserve  d' Ache,  Conserve  of  Smallage.  Prepared 
like  the  preceding.  Reputed  to  have  the  same 
properties. 

CONSBRVA  Art,  Conserve  of  Arum.  (Fresh- 
root  tbss,  sugar  Ibiss.)  Esteemed  to  be  diuretic 
and  stimulant. 


Conserva  Aurantit,  Confectio  aurantiorum — 
c.  Cassias,  Confectio  cassia? — c.  Citri  auraiitii, 
Confectio  aurantiorum. 

Conserva  Cociilea'rive  Horten'sis,  Conserve 
of  Lemon  Scurvy  Grass.  (Leaves  Ibj,  sugar  tbiij.) 
Reputed  to  be  stimulant  and  antiscorbutic. 

Conserva  Corticis  Exteriohis  Aurantii 
Hispalensis,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  Corti- 
cum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c. 
Florum  rosarum  rubrarum,  Confectio  rosae  Gal- 
licae—  c.  Cynosbati,  Confectio  rosae  caninae  —  c. 
Cynorrhodi,  Confectio  rosae  caninae — c.  Flavedi- 
nis  corticis  aurautioruin  Hispalensium,  Confectio 
aurantiorum. 

Conserva  Lu'juLjE,  C.  Folio'rum  lu'julce,  Con- 
serve of  Woodsorrel.  (Leaves  tbj,  sugar  Ibiij.) 
Gratefully  acid  and  refrigerant. 

Conserva  Mentha,  C.  Mentha  folio'rum.  C. 
Mentha  sati'vee,  Conserve  of  Mint.  (Leaves  Ibj, 
sugar  Ibiij.)     Stomachic  in  nausea  and  vomiting. 

Conserva  Pruni  Sylves'tris,  C.  Prune  *yl 
vestris,  Pulpa  pruno'rum  sylves'trium  eondi'ta, 
Conserve  of  Sloes,  (Pulp  1  part,  sugar  '6  parts,) 
Possessed  of  astringent  properties. 

Conserva  Ros^e.  Confectio  rosae  Gallicae — c. 
Rosae  caninae,  Confectio  rosae  caninae  —  c.  Rosae 
fruetfts,  Confectio  rosae  caninae  —  c.  Rosae  Galli- 
cae,  Confectio  rosae  Gallicae. 

Conserva  Soiled,  Conserve  of  Squill.  (Fresh 
squills  ^j,  sugar  t^x.)  Possesses  the  diuretic  and 
other  virtues  of  the  squill. 

CONSERVE,  Conserva,  see  Confectio  — c. 
d"  Ache,  Conserva  de  apio  graveolente  —  c.  of 
Aloes,  Conserva  pruni  syl vestris  —  c.  of  Lemon 
scurvy  grass,  Conserva  cochlearia)  hortensis  —  c. 
of  Mint,  Conserva  menthae  —  c.  of  Orange,  Con- 
fectio aurantiorum — c.  of  Roses  (red),  Confectio 
rosae  gallicae  —  c.  of  Smallage,  Conserva,  de  apio 
graveolente  —  c.  of  Woodsorrel,  Conserva  lujulae 
— c.  of  Wormwood.  Conserva  absinthii. 

CON  SEE  YES,  Spectacles. 

CONSIDEN'TIA,  from  considcre,  (con  and 
seilo)  '  to  settle.'  This  word  has  two  accepta- 
tions. 1.  It  is  synonymous  with  Apocatastasis,  and 
means  restoration  or  cessation,  and  the  subsiding 
of  a,  humour,  as  thearine;  and  2.  It  signifies  con- 
traction of  anv  cavity  or  canal: — See  Synezisi*. 

CONSISTEN'TIA,  Consistere,  (con  and  sistere) 
'to  stand  still.'  A  term  employed  in  two  senses. 
1.  When  joined  to  the  word  Morbi  or  yEtatis,  it 
expresses  the  acme  of  a  disease,  or  the  age  at 
which  the  constitution  has  acquired  its  full 
strength.  2.  B3'  Consisten'tia  humo' ris  is  meant 
the  density  of  a  humour. 

CONSOLIDA  MAJOR,  Symphytum  — c.  Me- 
dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  —  c. 
Minor,  Prunella — c.  Regalis,  Delphinium  conso- 
lida  —  c.  Rubra,  Tormentil  —  c.  Saracenica,  Soii- 
dago  vireaurea. 

CONSOLIDAN'TIA,  Consolidation  Medica- 
men'ta,  from  con,  and  solidus,  solid.  Substances, 
formerly  given  for  the  purpose  of  consolidating 
wounds,  or  strengthening  cicatrices, 

CONSOLIDATIVA,  Consolidantia. 

CONSOMME  (P.),  Consumma'tum,  from  con- 
sionmo,  (con  and  summa)  '  I  add  together,'  Zmnos. 
Soup  strongly  charged  with  gelatin,  and  conse- 
quently very  nutritious,  although  not  proportion- 
ably  easy  of  di<r«stion. 

CON  SO  MP  TION,  Consumption 

CONSONANCE,  see  Sound. 

CON'SONANT,  Con'sonans,  from  consono.  '  to 
sound  together,'  (con,  'with,' and  sono,  'to  sound/) 
because  it  is  generally  believed  that  a  consonant 
cannot  be  properly  expressed,  except  when  con- 
joined with  a  vowel.  Physiologically,  a  breath, 
or  sound  produced  in  the  larynx,  which  suffers 
more  or  less  interruption  in  its  passage  through 
the  vocal  tube. 


CONSORTIUM 


235 


SULTATION 


CONSORTIUM,  Sympathy. 

WUDE,  GRANDE,  Symphytum. 
SOUND,  MIDDLE,  Ajuga. 
PERSIO,  Catapasma. 
PICILLA,  Spectacles. 
P[RATrO.  Sympathy. 

-  i  BLL  VMM  i  NGUEN'TUM.  An 
ointment  composed  of  cleansed  earthworms! 
dried  and  pulverised;  and  of  the  fat  of  th< 

or  wild  boar.    It  was  formerly  employed  in  tooth- 
ach.  Rnd  to  hasten  the  cicatrisation  of  wounds. 

-  I  BRN  \  !'!'».  Stupor. 

rtipa'hts,  (Pmv.)  Mav>- 
honnd,  (P.)  Constipi ;  same  etymon  as  the  next 
Affect  'd  with  constipation  :  Costive;  Bound,  Bel- 

ostipation,  Stegnosis. 
CONSTIPATION,    (hnstipa'tio,   from    conati- 
on and  stipare,  stipatum,)  •  to  cram  dose.' 
'tin,  Adstric'tio,  Arcta'tio,  Obstipa'tio  sen 
/.  ,'iiu,  hchocoi'lia,  Alvus  attrie'tn  bcu 

a    dnro    sea    segnis,    <>''- 
etruc'tin  <rn    s  ,,/ri.  ().  Ductus  alimen- 

tit'rii,  i).  intcatinu'lis,  Torpor  intestine' rum,  Styp- 
n/ri.     Copros'tasis,     Acop'ria, 
V,  ',.  »?«,  Fschocop'ria,  Dyscoi'- 
,■<",    Cmjt'ive- 
1'tion,    At vi ne   obstruction.     A 
■   the  bowels,  in  which  the  evacuations  do 
n<>;  t  ir  Frequently  as  usual;  «>r  are  in- 

ordinately hard,  and  expelled  with  difficulty.  It 
may  be  owing  either  to  diminished  action  of  the 
muscular  coat  of  the  intestines,  or  to  diminished 
n  from  the  mucous  membrane,  or  to  both, 
rill  usually  remove  it;  after  which 
its  exciting  and  predisponent  causes  must  be 
inquired  into  and  obviated,  to  render  the  cure 
permanent. 

•  ONSTIPATUS,  Constipated, 

.nstipated. 

CONSTITUENS,  Vehicle,  see  Prescription. 

tfSTITUTIO,  Constitution,  Habit  of  body 

—  b.   \.  :■-.  Constitution  of  the  atmosphere  —  c. 

Epidemics.  Constitution,  epidemic  —  a.  Nervosa, 

Nen  ous  dial 

STITU'TION,  Constitu'tio,  Cataa'taaia, 
from  eon,  and  statu  ere,  from  stare,  'to 
■tan  i.'  \  collection  of  several  parts,  forming  a 
whole.  In  medicine,  Constitution  means  tin1  state 
of  all  the  organs  of  the  human  body  considered 
in  regard  to  their  special  ami  relative  arrange- 
ment, order,  or  activity.  A  good  conatitution  is 
one  in  which  every  organ  is  well  developed,  and 
endowed    with    du<  so    that    all    ] 

their  functions  with  equal  facility.  Any  want  of 
equilibrium  in  their  development  ami  energy 
form-  a  difference  in  the  constitution,  v. 
that  a  man  is  of  a  good  or  n-lmst.  a  delicate  or 
»r.  •ik  conatitution,  when  he  is  commonly  healthy, 
monly  labouring  under,  or  unusually  sus- 
teptihle  of,  du 

'    ti'im at..  Plethora  arteri 

tui    At'mosphxrb,  Constitu'- 

V.)  Constitution  Atmosphirique,     The 

condition  of  the  atmospl  irds  dryness 

and  humidity,  ten:  iviness,  direction 

of  th<-  v\ i i i ■  t ~ .  4c,  considered  a-  resj ts  its  in- 

i  mnl  economy, 
►mi  w'io,  Constitn'tio  epidem'- 
'"'•"•    Wed'icnl  Conatitutu  tituHon  mi- 

rhe   aggregate   of  1' 

clerical  conditions,  s->  fir  as  they  are  appreciable, 

prevail  epidemically. 

C0NSTI1  U'TIONAL,       P.)      Constitu'tionnel 

!'■  "•_'   to   the  constitution   of  an    individual  : 

inner  of  being ;  as  constitutional  phthisis, 

i  .   this   epithet   has   been 

given  ititution  | 


of  the  atmosphere;  but  this  acceptation  is  not 
common. 

I  ONSTRICTEUR    VHERBINEAUX,   .-co 

.V.  rr,  -ii,i  ml. 

CONSTRIOTEUR    I'll   LA    VU1  VI  , 
Btrictoree  cunni — .  </"  Vagin,  Constrictores  cunnL 

(  ONSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Systole. 
-  rRICTIVA,  styptics. 

C0N8TRICT0R,  from  eonstringere,  (eon,  and 
stringers,  ttrietum,)  'to  hind.'     (F.)  Consti 
That     which    binds    in    a   circular    direction.      A 
sphincter.      Different  muscles  arc  so  sailed. 

I  instrictob  Am,  Sphincter  ani  externui  —  c. 
of  Nuok,  Compressor  of  Nuck. 

CosTSI  \i.Aut.M   Nasi,   Depressor  aho 

nasi. 

Constricto'rxb  Ci  mi,  0,  Vagi'nes  sen  Vulva, 
CI  ittir' id  it  iuferio'res  lati  ei  plant  mus'culi, 
Sphincter  Vagi'na,  (F.)  Constricteurs  du  vagin, 
C.  ,/,  /n  Vulve.  Small  muscles  which  originate 
beneath  the  clitoris,  descend  along  the  .- 
the  vagina,  and  terminate  by  becoming  con- 
founded with  the  transversut  perinesi  snd 
mil  sphincter  ani  muscles.  Their  use  is  to  eon- 
tract  the  entrance  of  the  vagina, 

i     MSTRICTORBS     IsTIIMI    FaiCII.M,     Glot 

phylinus. 
Constricto'riss  Laryn'gis.  Lieutaud  describes, 

under  the  name  Grand  eonstricteur  i/u  Larynx, 
the  muscle  Orieo-arytenotdeus  latera'lis  with  the 
Thyro-arytenoideus. 

Constrictores  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Constrictor  GSsoph'agi,  Constrictor  of  the 
OBsoph'agns,  (F.)  Constricteur  de  VCEsophage, 
Muscle  oesophagien.  A  fasciculus  of  fleshy,  cir- 
cular fibres,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  oesophagus. 

Constrictores  Oius,  Orbicularis  oris — c.  Pal- 
pebrarum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

Cobtstricto'res  Phartn'gis,  Constrictors  1/ 
tin  Pharynx,  Sphincter  Gules.  Muscular  expan- 
sions which  assist  in  forming  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.  Three  of  these  are  generally  admitted. 
1.  The  Constrie'tor  Pharyn'gis  infe'rior,  Crico- 
pharyngeus  and  Thyro-pharyngeus,  (F.)  Crico- 
thyro-pharyngien.  It  is  broad,  very  thin,  quad- 
rilateral, seated  superficially,  extending  from  the 
thyroid  and  cricoid  cartilages  as  far  as  the  middle 
of  the  pharynx,  and  uniting,  on  the  median  line, 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side.  2.  The  Constrictor 
Pharyngis  Me'dius,  Hyo-pharyngeus  and  Chtm- 
dro-pharyngeus,  Syndee'mo-pharyngeus,  (F.)  Hyo- 
glosso-basi-pharyngien,  occupies  the  middle  port 
of  the  pharynx.  It  is  triangular,  and  attached 
anteriorly  to  the  great  and  little  cornu  of  the  os 
hyoides;  to  the  stylohyoid  ligament;  and  termi- 
nates, posteriorly,  by  joining  its  fellow  of  the 
opposite  side.  -I.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  su- 
pi  'rior,  <  '•  ph'alo-pharyngeus,  Giosso-pharyngene, 
ifylo-pharyngeus,  Pter'ygo-pharyngeue,  (F.)  Pt(- 
rygo-syndesnto-staphili-pharyngien,  is  quadrilate- 
ral, and  extends  from  the  internal  ala  of  the 
pterygoid  process,  from  the  inter-maxillary  liga- 
ment, from  the  internal  oblique  line  of  the  jaw, 
and  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pharynx. 

The  constrictors   of  the  pharynx  contract  it. 
They  can  likewise  approximate  the  ends  ■■ 
other.     Chanssier  considers  those  and  tb< 
pharyngeus  as   hut    one  muscle,  ami   includes   all 
under  this  la>t  name. 

CoffSTBK  rORBS  V  Ao'iv.K,  C.  cunni —  c.  Vulvae, 
1 '.  ennni. 

CON8TRINOENTIA,  Astringents, 

3UETUD0,  llahii-  c  Menstrua,  M 

(  0N8ULTANT,  Consulting  physician 
gcon. 

-il.'f  I'TION,   Considta'tio,  Delibera'tio, 

Ccenolog"ia,  Conten'tio,  Symboleu'sis,  from  conew- 

ultuin,  '  to  hold  council.'     Tins  word  has 


CONSULTING   PHYSICIAN 


236 


CONTINUED   FEVER 


several  acceptations.  In  English,  it  means,  al- 
most always,  the  meeting  of  two  or  more  practi- 
tioners, to  deliberate  on  any  particular  case  of 
disease.  In  France,  it  signifies  the  written  result 
of  such  deliberations,  as  well  as  the  opinion  of  a 
physician,  given  to  a  patient,  who  consults  him, 
either  personally  or  by  writing. 

CONSULTING  PHYSICIAN  or  SURGEON, 
(F.)  3fidecinou  Ghirurgien  consultant,  Consultant. 
One  who  consults  with  the  attending  practitioner, 
regarding  any  case  of  disease.  Some  physicians, 
surgeons,  and  accoucheurs  confine  themselves  to 
consulting  practice. 

CO  N  S  U  M  M  A  T  U  M,  Consommi. 

CONSUMMA'TUS,  from  con,  cum,  <  with,'  and 
8tunmu8,  'the  whole.'  Confirmed;  established; 
developed, — as  Phthisis  consumma'ta,  'confirmed 
consumption.' 

CONSUMPTION,  from  consumer?,  (con  and 
snmere,  sumptum,)  'to  waste  away;'  Cousump'tio, 
Consum'tio,  Syntex'is,  Wasting,  Wearing,  (F.) 
Consomption.  Progressive  emaciation  or  wasting 
away.  This  condition  precedes  death  in  the 
greater  part  of  chronic  diseases,  and  particularly 
in  plil hint*  pulmonalis :  on  this  account  it  is,  that 
phthisis  has  received  the  name  consumption — See 
Phthisis.  Fievre  de  Consomption,  Consumptive 
fever,  is  the  same  as  Hectic  fever. 

Consumption  of  the  Bowels,  Enterophthisis. 

Consumption,  Gal'loping,  Phthisis  acu'ta,  (F.) 
Pthisie  galopante  on  aigue.  Phthisis  pulmonalis, 
which  rapidly  runs  through  its  course  to  a  fatal 
termination. 

Consumption,  Pulmonary,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same  etymology.  Caus- 
tics, used  for  the  destruction  of  fungi.  Burnt 
alum,  lunar  caustic,  &c,  were  formerly  so  called. 

CONSUMPTIVE,  Phthisicus. 

CONSUMTIO,  Consumption. 

CONTABESCEN'TIA,  from  contabescere,  (con 
and  tabescere,)  'to  grow  lean.'  Consumption, 
marasmus,  atrophy,  &o. 

CONTACT,  Contac'tus,  from  con  and  tangere, 
factum,  '  to  touch.'  The  state  of  two  bodies  that 
touch  each  other.  In  the  theory  of  contagious 
diseases,  we  distinguish  ■immediate  or  direct  con- 
tact, as  when  we  touch  a  patient  labouring  under 
one  of  those  diseases;  and  mediate  or  indirect 
contact,  when  we  touch,  not  the  patient  himself, 
but  objects  that  have  touched  or  emanated  from 
him.  The  air  is,  most  commonly,  the  medium  by 
which  this  last  kind  of  contact  is  effected. 

CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Conta'ges,  Conta'- 
gium,  Aporrhoe'a,  Apoc'rysis.  Same  etymon. 
The  transmission  of  a  disease  from  one  person  to 
another  by  direct  or  indirect  contact.  The  term 
has,  also,  been  applied,  by  some,  to  the  action  of 
miasmata  arising  from  dead  animal  or  vegetable 
matter,  bogs,  fens,  &c,  but  in  this  sense  it  is  now 
abandoned.  Contagious  diseases  are  produced 
either  by  a  virus,  capable  of  causing  them  by 
inoculation,  as  in  small-pox.  cow-pox,  hydropho- 
bia, syphilis,  &c,  or  by  miasmata,  proceeding 
from  a  sick  individual,  as  in  plague,  typhus  gra- 
vior,  and  in  measles  and  scarlatina.  [?]  Scrofula, 
phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  cancer,  have,  by  some, 
been  esteemed  contagious,  but  apparently  with- 
out foundation.  Physicians  are,  indeed,  by  no 
means  unanimous  in  deciding  what  diseases  are 
contagious,  and  what  not.  The  contagion  of 
plague  and  tjrphus,  especially  of  the  latter,  is 
denied  by  many.  It  seems  probable,  that  a  dis- 
ease may  be  contagious  under  certain  circum- 
stances and  not  under  others.  A  case  of  common 
fever,  arising  from  common  causes,  as  from  cold, 
•  if  the  patient  be  kept  in  a  close,  foul  situation, 
may  be  converted  into  a  disease,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing emanations,  which  may  excite  a  similar 


disease  in  those  exposed  to  them.  Contagion  and 
infection  are  generally  esteemed  synonymous. 
Frequently,  however,  the  former  is  applied  to 
diseases  not  produced  by  contact;  as  measles, 
scarlet  fever,  [?]  &c,  whilst  infection,  (Prov.)  Smit, 
is  used  for  those  that  require  positive  contact;  as 
itch,  syphilis,  &c,  and  conversely.  Diseases, 
which  cannot  be  produced  in  any  other  way  than 
by  contagion,  are  said  to  have  their  origin  in 
specific  contagion  ;  as  small-pox,  cow-pox,  mea- 
sles, hydrophobia,  syphilis,  &c.  Those  which 
are  produced  by  contagion,  and  yet  are  supposed 
to  be  sometimes  owing  to  other  causes,  are  said 
to  arise  from  common  contagion  ;  as  typhus,  cyn- 
anche  parotidaea,  &c. 

CONTA'GIONIST,  (F.)  Contagioniste.  One 
who  believes  in  the  contagious  character  of  a  par- 
ticular disease, — as  of  yellow  fever. 

CONTA'GIOUS,  Contagio'sus,  (F.)  Contagievx. 
Capable  of  being  transmitted  by  mediate  or  im- 
mediate contact,  Commu' nicable,' — as  a  contagi- 
ons disease,  contagious  fever,  contagious  effluvia, 
&c.  Commonly,  the  epithet  infectious,  (Prov.) 
Taking,  Smittle,  Catching,  is  applied  to  those  that 
are  communicated  by  immediate  contact,  as  itch, 
syphilis,  Ac. 

CONTAGIUM,  Contagion,  Miasm. 

CONTEMPLABILES  DIES,  Critical  days. 

COXTEMPLATIF,  (F.)  Contemplations,  (.con 
and  templum.)  Appertaining  to  contemplation. 
The  predominant  idea  of  the  melancholic  —  of 
the  monomaniac  —  is  sometimes  called  contem- 
plative. 

CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONTEMPLATIVUS,  Contemplatif. 

CONTENSIO.  Tension. 

CONTENTIO,  Consultation. 

CONTEX'TURE,  Contextu'ra,  Contex'tus,  from 
con  and  texere,  (quasi  tegsere,  from  tegere,  'to 
cover,')  textum,  '  to  weave,'  '  to  make  a  web.' 
Arrangement  of  parts  ; — texture.  A  name  given, 
metaphorically,  to  the  structure  of  organized 
bodies;  as  the  contexture  of  muscles,  fibres,  &c. 
See  Tissue,  and  Texture. 

CONTIGUITY,  DIARTHROSIS  OF,  see  Con- 
tinuity. 

CON'TINENCE,  Continen'tia,  from  continere, 
(con  and  tenere,  '  to  hold  or  keep,')  '  to  contain 
oneself;'  'to  restrain.'  Restraint.  Abstinence 
from,  or  moderation  in,  the  pleasures  of  physical 
love. 

CONTINENS,  Continent. 

CON'TINENT,  Con'tinens.  Restrained.  This 
word  is  synonymous,  also,  with  Continued ;  (F.) 
Continu. 

Continent  Cause,  Causa  conjunc'ta,  is  a  cause, 
real  or  presumed,  which  having  given  rise  to  a 
disease,  continues  to  act  during  the  whole  of  its 
duration.  It  may  be  considered  synonymous 
with  proximate  cause.  A  continent  fever,  Febris 
cjontinens,  is  one  which  preserves  during  its  whole 
course,  the  same  degree  of  intensity,  without  any 
remission  or  sensible  exacerbation.  A  disease 
which  continues  uninterruptedly,  has  been  also 
called  JRipathei'a,  Aeipathei'a  or  A'ipathi'a. 

CONTINENTIA,  Continence. 

CONTIN'UED  FEVER,  Febris  contin'va  seu 
con'tinens  seu  anabat'ica  seu  assid'ua.  A  fever  • 
which  presents  no  interruption  in  its  course. 
Continued  fevers  form  a  division  in  the  class 
Pyrexia  of  Cullen,  and  include  three  genera, — 
Synocha,  Synochus,  and  Typhus.  It  is  proper  to 
remark,  that  some  of  the  older  writers  make  a 
distinction  between  the  continual  fever,  owe^s, 
febris  continua,  and  the  synochus  or  febris  conti- 
nens.  Thus,  Rhases  states  that  the  synochus  or 
continens  is  a  fever,  which  consists  of  one  pa- 
roxysm from  beginning  to  end ;  whilst  the  conti- 
nua is  allied  to  intermittents. 


CONTINUITY 


CONTHOSTIMULUS 


CONTINUTTY,    Gontinu'itae.     An   adhesion 
of  t\s<>  tbingt  each  other,  bo  that  they 

cannot  be  separated  without  fracture  or  laceration. 

COK  I  :m  I  :  V.  I>I  IRTBRO'SBfl  OF,  (  P.)  Dim  ' 

de  Continuity,  are  movable  joints,  in  which  the 
otinuous,  bat  do  nol  touch  imme- 
diately, there  being  between  them  ■  ligamentous 
substance,  whose  flexibility  permits  motion.  The 
vertebral  articulations  are  examples  of  this.     1m- 

ARTHROBES    OF    COHTIGO'lTT,   Diortk 

tiguite",  on  the  other  hand,  are  movable  articula- 
tions, in  which  the  bones  arc  not  continuous,  bat 
touch  by  surfaces  covered  with  a  cartilaginous 
layer,  which  is  always  moistened  by  Bynovia. 

iion  ok,  see  Continuity,  Solu- 
tion of. 

\:  ITT,  SoLUTIOH  OF,  Solu'tio  contin'u'i,  is 
any  division  of  parts,  previously  continuous. 
Wounds  and  Fractures  are  tolution*  of  continuity. 
The  word  Continuity  is  opposed  to  Contiguity:  the 
latter  meaning  the  condition  of  two  things  which 
arc  near  each  other,  or  touch  without  uniting. 
There  is  contiguity  between  the  head  of  the  hu- 
merus and  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  but 
i.  ■  n'ry. 

lion  of  continuity,  La'xio  contin'u'i,  is  a 
iction  of  continuity  caused  by  disease. 
\  TONDANT,  Coutunding. 

310,  Contortion — c.  Coluuince  verte- 
brali--.  Rhachiostrophosis. 

CONTOR'SION,   Contor'tio,  from   contorqueo, 

.   tortum,   'to  wring,')  'I  twist 

about.'   Violent  movement  ofa  part,  accompanied 

With  a  kind  of  torsion,  twist  or  cast;  as  contortion 

of  th- 

'  CONTRA  iPERTU'RA,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  aperio,  'I  open.'  A  counter-opening  j  Con- 
trii-im ■■'  '<",  TncWia  prio'ri oppo'eita,  (F.J  Contre- 

otio  rture.  An  incision,  made  in  the  most  depend- 
in.'  ]  nt  of  a  wound  or  abscess,  when  the  first 
opening  is  not  situate  in  a  manner  favourable  for 
the  discharg  i  of  the  pus. 

\  ill  \K\TKXSIO,  Counter-extension. 
rRAC'TILB,    Contract  Mi,  from  contra- 
here,    [con    and    trahere,    tractunu)    'to    draw   to- 
ible  of  contracting.     The  fibre  of 
museles  is  contrai  I 

TRACTILITE,  Contractility — e.  par  D6- 
ilasticity — c.de  7V«cu,Elasticity. 
CON  Til  ICTIL'ITT,  Cbnfraclt'/'tVas.'sameety- 
mon :    (F.)   Contractiliti.      That   vital    property, 
which  gives,  to  certain  parts,  the  power  of  con- 
tracting.   The  muscles  of  locomotion  are  endowed 
with  a  power  of  voluntary  contractility,  or  one 
dependent  immediately  on  the  action  of  the  brain  : 
—  the  muscles  of   the  viscera  of  digestion,   and 
other  internal  organs,  enjoy  an  involuntary  con- 
tractility.     Contractility  and   irritability  are  fre- 
quently used   synonymously  to  signify  the  pro- 
any  tissue  of  contracting  ou  the 
ation  of  an  appropriate  stimulus. 
!  ratability. 
:  RACTIO.Contraction— ©.Cordis,  Systole. 
■  trur'tin.   Same  etymon; 
Sye'tole.    Action  of  contracting.    When  w< 
of  the  contraction  of  a  muecle,  we  mean  the  phe- 
:  .n  it  exhibits  during  the  time  it  is  in  action. 

R  \<To|"   UTERI,  Abortive. 
CON TR  \c  TU'R  \.  Same<  tymon.  Aoamp'ria, 
■  i    articula'rie,   Rigor  ar'tuum,   Muscular 

perma- 
nent rigidity  and  progressive  atrophy  of  the  flexor 
-.  which  prevents  the  motions 
i  a  certain  limit.     The  affected   muscles 
form  b  eneath  the  skin.    « >n  dissection, 

averted  into  tendinous  fibres, 
the  fleshy  fibres  having  almost  disappeared,  when 
the   disease    has    been    of  any  duration.      It    SUC- 

.   frequently,  other    diseases,    particularly 


rheumatism,  neuralgia,  convulsions,  syphilis,  co- 
liea  pictonum,  Ac    The  warm  bath,  vapour  bath, 
or  thermal  waters,  oleaginous   embrocatii  I 
chanioal  extension  of  the  limbs,  Ac.,  are  the  chief 
means  Of  treatment. 

CONTRAFISBU'RA,    from   contra,  'against.1 

and  jindtre,  fUtum,  'to  cleave;'   Hep* 

ton'itue,  Catag'ma  Fittura  contraja'cent,  Apeche'- 
ma,  Anticonx'ma,  Antic' opi,  Anticru'eit,  Auticrut'- 
ma,  Infortunium,  Counteretroke,  (F.)  Oontn 
( bntn  -/•  ate,  i  'ontrt  -ft  acture.  A  fracture,  contu- 
sion, or  injury,  produced,  by  a  blow,  in  a  part 
distant  from  that  which  is  .-truck.  Five  species 
of  contrafieenrm  or  eonfre-coasM  may  occur  in  the 
skuil.  1.  When  the  internal  table  yielde  and 
fractures.  2.  When  the  bone  breaks  in  anj 
part  than  the  one  struck.  .';.  When  a  bone,  which 
D  struck,  remains  uninjured,  and  its  neigh- 
boar  is  fractured.  1.  When  the  'none  is  fractured 
in  a  place  diametrically  opposite  to  that  .-truck, 
as  in  fractures  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  from  a 
fall  on  the  vertex;  and  lastly,  when  the  violence 
of  the  blow  produces  a  separation  of  the  neigh- 
bouring or  distant  sutures.  These  fractures  of  the 
skull  are  also  called  Fractvree par rinonnance. 

CONTRAHENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONTRAINCISIO,  Contra-apertara. 

CONTKAINDICATIO,  Counter-indication. 

CONTRAIRRITATIO,  Counter-irritation. 

CONTRALUNA'RIS,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  hunt,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  for  a  woman 
who  conceives  during  the  menstrual  discharge. — 
Dietrich. 

CONTRASTIMULANS,  Contro-stimulants. 

CONTRAYERVA,  Dorstenia  eon  tray  erva-rC. 
Balls,  Pulvis  oontrayervsB  compositus. 

CoNTK.YYr.KYA.  LlSBON,  Dors  tenia  contrayerva 
—  o.  .Mexican,  I'soialca  pentaphylla —  c.  Nova, 
Psoralea  pentaphylla — c.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia 
serpen  tari  a. 

CO N  TR E CO  UP,  Con  t ra - fissura. 

CONTREfiXTENSlON,  Counter-extension. 

CONTREFEN'i  /'.  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREFRACTURE,  Contrtt-toavTi, 

CONTRElNDIGATION,  Counter-indication. 

CONTREOUVERTURE,  Contra-apertara. 

CONTREPOISON,  Antidote. 

CONTRESTFMULISME,  Con  trostim  urns. 

CONTRESTIMULUS,  Controstimulus. 

CONTR  BX  EV  tLI  B,  M I N  ERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Contrexeville  is  a  town  in  Fiance  in  the 
department  of  Vopges,  four  leagues  from  Neuf- 
chatcau.  The  waters  contain  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  a  bituminous  substance,  and  free 
carbonic  acid.  They  are  frequented  bytl 
bouring  under  cutaneous,  Bcrofuloos,  and  calcu- 
lous affections. 

C0NTRIT"I0,  Syntrim'mo,  Syntrip'aie,  7W- 
tu'ra,  Tritua,  Trit"io,  Tripeie,  from  eontero,  'I 
bruise  or  make  small :'  Confminu'tion,  Trituration. 

COM  T  ROST  I  All  LAN  T.  Contraetim'ulone, 
Hypoathtn* 'ic,  from  contra, ' against,' and  ttimulue, 
'  that  which  excitt  B.'     A  substance  that  p< 
a  particular,   debilitating  property,   acting    upon 

tl scitability  in  a  manner  opposite  to  stimulus. 

A  name  given  to  therapeutical  agents,  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  [talian  theory  of  contro-ntimuhi*, 
arc  endowed  with  the  property  of  diminishing 
excitement  by  a  specific  action.  These  agents 
are  by  no  means  clearly  defini  d. 

I  ONTROSTIM'l  LUS  or  <  ONTRESTTMU- 
1,1  S,  DOCTRINE  OF,  (F.)  Contretimulime. 
Same  etymon.  The  name  given  by  Rasori,  about 
thirty  years  ago,  to  .a  new  medical  doctrine,  of 
which  he  was  the  originator — /."  nvova  Dvttrina 
Medico  Ttaliana.  It  is  founded  on  the oontro-sti- 
mulunt  property  attributed  to  a  certain  number  of 


COXTUNDING 


238 


CONVOLVULUS 


medicines.  In  this  doctrine,  as  in  that  of  Brown, 
under  the  name  excitability,  a  fundamental  princi- 
ple of  physiology  is  admitted,  by  virtue  of  which 
living  beings  are  endowed  with  an  aptitude  for 
feeling  the  action  of  external  agents  or  exciting 
influences,  and  of  reacting  on  these  influences. 
When  this  excitability  is  too  great,  there  is  excess 
of  stimulus  or  Hyperetheni'a:  when  too  little, 
there  is  deficiency  or  Hypostheni'a.  Diseases, 
yeneral  and  load,  are  divided  into  three  great 
classes,  or  into,  1.  Hypersthenic  ;  2.  Hyposthenic  ; 
3.  Irritative.  The  contro-stimulant  physicians 
admit  only  two  classes  of  medicines  —  stimulants 
and  eontro-stimulants. 

CONTUND'ING,  Contu'sing,  Contun'dens,  from 
contnndere,  (eon  and  t  under  e,  txisum,)  '  to  bruise.' 
(F.)  Gontondant.  That  which  causes  contusions. 
An  epithet  given  to  round,  blunt,  vulnerating  pro- 
jectiles, which  bruise  or  lacerate  parts  without 
cutting  them. 

GONTUS,  Contused. 

CONTUS,  Penis. 

CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon  as  Contunding. 
(F.)  Contus.  Affected  with  contusion.  Thus  we 
say — a  contused  wound. 

CONTU'SION,  Contu'rio,  Bruise,  (Prov.)  Doke, 
Colli*' io,  Phlasma,  Thlasis,  Thhxs'ma,  Th.contu'- 
sio,  Rhege,  Rhegma,  Rhegmus,  Famex,  Form's, 
Famix,  (F.)  Meurtrissure.  Same  etymon.  An 
injury  or  lesion  —  arising  from  the  impulse  of  a 
body  with  a  blunt  surface  —  which  presents  no 
loss  of  substance,  and  no  apparent  wound.  If 
the  skin  be  divided,  the  injury  takes  the  name  of 
contused  wound.  The  differences  of  contusions, 
as  to  extent,  are  of  course  infinite.  When  slight, 
the  blood  stagnates  in  the  capillaries  of  the  skin, 
or  is  effused  into  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue. 
Time  and  cold  applications  remove  it.  When  the 
texture  has  been  lacerated,  there  is  effusion  of 
blood,  with  more  or  less  torpor  in  the  part  af- 
fected. Cooling  applications,  general  or  topical 
bleeding,  emollients,  poultices,  &c,  are  here  ne- 
cessary, according  to  circumstances.  In  the 
severest  kinds  of  contusion,  all  the  soft  and  solid 
parts,  except  the  skin,  are  bruised,  and,  at  times, 
reduced  to  a  kind  of  pap.  When  the  disorgani- 
zation is  to  this  extent,  there  is  no  hope  except 
in  amputation.  A  deep  contusion  of  the  soft 
parts  has  been  called  Sarcoth'lasis,  and  Sarcoth- 
las'ma. 

Contusion,  Wind,  see  Wind  of  a  Ball. 

CONUS  ARTERIOSUS,  Infnndib'uhnn  of  the 
heart.  The  portion  of  the  right  ventricle  from 
which  the  pulmonary  artery  proceeds,  forms  a 
prominence  on  the  right  side  of  the  anterior  fur- 
row of  the  heart,  and  is  prolonged  towards  the 
left,  becoming  narrower  at  the  same  time,  so  as 
to  form  a  funnel-shaped  projection,  which  ex- 
tends a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  ventricles. 
This  is  the  Gonus  arteriosus. 

Covrs  Vasculosus,  see  Coni  Vasculosi. 

CONVALESCENCE,  Convalescen'tia,  Ana- 
lep'sis,  Anas'tasis,  Reco7iralescen'tia,  from  conva- 
lescere,  (con  and  valescere)  'to  grow  well.'  Ex- 
anas 'trophe.  Recovery  of  health  after  disease. 
The  time  which  elapses  between  the  termination 
of  a  disease  and  complete  restoration  of  strength. 

CONVALLARIA  ANGULOSA,  C.  polygona- 
tum. 

CoNVALLARIA  CaNALICULA'tA,  Polygo'natum, 
canalicula'tum  seu  latifo'lium,  Great  Solomon's 
Seal ;  nndConvAi.'LA.niAr'CBES'cF.'ss, Polygo'natum 
pnbes'cens,  Smaller  Solomon's  Seal:  indigenous. 
A  decoction  of  the  roots  is  said  to  be  cathartic, 
diuretic,  and  diaphoretic. 

Gonvalla'ria  Maia'lis,  from  convallis,  'a 
valley,' — from  its  abounding  in  valleys.  Lil'ium 
Gonval'lium,  Gonvalla'ria,  C.  mappi,  Maian'the- 
mum,  Lily  of  the  Valley,  May  Lily,  (F.)  Jfuyuet, 


Muyuet  de  Mai.  The  recent  flowers  are  reputed 
to  be  aromatic,  cephalic,  errhine,  and  cathartic. 
They  are  not  used. 

Convallaria  MAPPr,  C.  Maialis. 

Gonvalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,  Polygo'natum 
multijlo'rum,  which  grows  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  has  analogous  properties. 

Convalla'ria  Polygo'natum.  The  systema- 
tic name  of  Solomon's  Seal,  Gonvalla'ria  angu- 
lo'sa,  Polygo'natum  uniflo' rum  seu  anceps  seu  vul- 
ya' re,  Sigil'lum  Salomo'nis,  Polygo'natum,  (F.) 
Sceau  de  Salomon,  Genouillet.  The  root  was  once 
used  as  an  astringent  and  tonic.  It  is,  also,  a  re- 
puted cosmetic. 

CONVENTUS,  Coition. 

CONVERSION,  Gonver'sio,  from  con  and  ver- 
tere,  versum,  '  to  turn/  Change  from  one  state 
into  another. 

Conversion  of  Diseases,  (F.)  Conversion  des 
maladies,  is  the  change  or  transformation  of  one 
disease  into  another. 

CONVOLUTION,  Convolu'tio,  from  canvolvere, 
(con  and  volvere,  volutum)  '  to  entwine:'  Episphas.'- 
rion,  Gyrus,  Helig'mus,  (F.)  Gir convolution.  The 
rolling  of  any  thing  upon  itself. . 

Convolutions,  Cer'ebral,  Gyri  seu  Plicatu'- 
rm  seu  Spirm  seu  Proces'sus  enter oi'dei  seu  Intes- 
ti'nula  Cer'ebri,  are  the  round,  undulating,  tor- 
tuous projections  observed  at  the  base  of  the 
brain.  In  them  Gall's  organs,  of  course,  ter- 
minate. 

Coxvolu'tion,  Inter'nal,  C.  of  the  Corpus 
Gallo'sum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).  A 
cerebral  convolution  of  great  extent,  the  princi- 
pal portion  of  which  is  found  on  the  inner  surface 
of  each  hemisphere  above  the  corpus  callosum. 
In  front  it  bends  downwards  and  backwards  to 
the  fissure  of  Sylvius,  and  behind,  it  extends  to 
the  middle  lobe  and  forms  the  hippocampus  major. 

Convolutions,  Intes'tinal,  are  the  turns 
made  by  the  intestines  in  the  abdomen. 

Coxvolu'tion,  Supra-or'bitar.  A  convolu- 
tion of  the  brain,  which  exists  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  anterior  lobe,  and  rests  upon  the 
roof  of  the  orbit. 

CONVOL'VULUS,  from  convolvere,  (con  and 
volvere)  'to  entwine.'     Ileus,  Intussusceptio. 

Convol'yulus  Bata'tas.  Same  etymon.  G. 
In'dicus,  Cfimotes ;  the  Sweet  Potato,  Spanish 
Potato.  (F.)  Patate.  Orel.  Convolvulacea?.  This 
is  the  only  esculent  root  of  the  genus  Convol- 
vulus.    It  is  much  eaten  in  the  United  States. 

Coxvol'vulus  Cantab'rica,  Cantab'rica,  La- 
vender-leaved Bindweed,  has  been  considered  an- 
thelmintic and  actively  cathartic. 

Convolvulus  Ixdicus,  C.  Batatas. 

Coxvol'vulus  Jala'pa.  A  systematic  name, 
generally  thought  to  be  the  Jalap  plant,  which 
is,  properly,  Exogo'nium  pnrga,  Ipomoe'a  J<da- 
pa  seu  purga  seu  Schiedea'na  seu  macrorhi'za. 
Jala' pi  um,  Jalo'pa,  Mechoaca'na  nigra,  Jalap- 
pa,  Jalapa,  Jalap  Root,  Gialajypa,  Xalappa, 
Bryo'nia  Mechoacan'a  ni'gricans,  Bryo'nia  Pe- 
ruvia'na,  Chela' pa,  Rhabar'barum  Nigrum, 
Gelap'pium,  (F.)  Jalap,  is  produced  from  South 
America.  Its  odour  is  nauseous;  taste  sweetish 
and  slightly  pungent.  It  is  solid,  hard,  heavy, 
brittle  ;  fracture,  resinous  ;  internally,  light  gray  ; 
externally,  covered  with  a  deep  brown,  wrinkled 
bark.  Its  operation  is  cathartic,  the  resinous 
part  griping  violently.  Dose,  10  gr.  to  gss.  A 
drop  or  two  of  any  essential  oil  may  prevent  it 
from  griping.  An  active  principle  has  been  sepa- 
rated from  Jalap,  to  which  the  names  Jalapin 
and  Cathartin  have  been  given. 

An  inferior  kind,  called  light,  fusiform  or  maU 
jalap,  is  yielded  by  Ipomoe'a  seu  Convol'vidus 
Orizaben'sis,  I.  batato'i' des  seu  Jfestitlan'ica.  which 
grows  near  Orizaba  and  Mestitlan,  in  Mexico. 


COXYUL<t; 


COOSTIU'M 


M  UOB  Aim  s.  Convolvulus  se- 
pium— a  Maritimus,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

\  ui.vn.rs    IIbcbo'ai  vk,   Meckoaea'** 
ba,  Rhabar'barum  album.  Pip- 

!.',  , -linm-'ill.    ./<  tl'rnrll,     (P.)      7i'/l'(- 

■  u   Rknbarbe  blan  ••  Jalap 

Wane,  I    "'ri,jiie.      A    Mexican 

tol us,  the  root  of  which  aperient  pro- 

•    and  was  onee  extensively  need  in.- 
jnlap.     Bee  Batata  de  i 

i  V!  LFS  Ml  BAL0BB1ZUB,  C.  Panduratus. 
lvulus  Nil.  Ipomar'a  nil.  Blue Moming- 


kiml,  attended  with  a  peculiar  tingling  and  for- 
mication in  the  anus  and  lege;  hence  called  by 
the  Gorman.-  K  ri  e  ho  1  k  r  a  u  k  li  o  i  t.  It 
to  he  endemic  in  some  parta  of  Germany,  and  to 
arise  often  Erom  the  nee  of  spoiled  corn.  Bee 
Rapbania. 

ruLSlO    11  \itiTi- ai.is,   Chorea  —  c.    Indira, 
'l\  tanue — e.  Rapbania,  Rapbania — c  Solon  iensis, 

■  :ilis.  Ergotism — c.  Toni  Spasm — 

o.  Uteri,  Abortion. 

\  V  I   L'S  [ON,  Spasmus,  ConvuVsio,  from 

.    .,    con  and  vellere,  mdsum,)  'to  tear,  '  to 


An  Kast  Indian  plant,  naturalized  in  some 
of  the  Western   States.     The  Beeds  are  sold  in 

Calcutta  as  B  cathartic.     The  roots,  have  bl 
1  '""1"  ; 

CowvoLvrxua    Ofebculatus,   see    Batata  de 
parga — o.  Oriaabensis,  sec  Convolvulus  Jalapa. 
'        .    !    \  i  i  i  s    l'ANi'i  ka'i  i  s.    C.    Mfegalorhi'- 
.     . 
//. ./    Potato,     Virginian  Bindweed,     Wild 
Pota'to,  Mech'ameck,  M.  Bindweed,   Wild  Jalap, 
Man  in  the  ground,  Man  of  tin  L'wth,  Wild  Bhu- 
Wt Id  Potato  -Vine,  Kassau'der,  A". 

Meekamee.     In  Virginia, 

me  other  parts  of  the  United  State-,  the 

this  plant  has  been  much  recommended  in 

reL     It  is  used  either  in  powder  or 

ttion. 

CONVOLVULUS  PlKSRHIS,  Ilumulus  lupulus. 

Convolvulus     pi  b     Ca.'pbje,    Barguda.      A 

plant  used  in   India  as  a  cataplasm  iu  arthritic 

Convolvulus  Rkpehs,  C.  sepium. 

ilvtjlus  Scabmo'nba  seu  Scammo'nta, 
■  us.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
mong  Plant.  A  Syrian  and  Mexican  plant:  the 
concrete  gummi-resinoos  juice  of  which. 
wo' ni a,  Scammonia  Gummi  Resi'na,  Scammonium, 
.  Dingrgd'ium,  Dacrgdion,  Scammo- 
)M/.  Mahmoud\  mmontt  d'Alep,  comes  to 

n*  in  blackish-gray  fragments,  becoming  whitish- 
yellow  when  touched  with  wot  fingers.  It  is  a 
*tira>tic.  bydragogue  cathartic.  Dose,  gr.  iij  to 
gr,  xv.  triturated  with  sugar. 

B,  S    L,  (  onvolvulus  Soldanella. 
Con.  Sb'pium,     Convolvulus     major 

albu*    -  t  sen     Tugurio'rum,    Calgete'gia 

Se'pium,  Great  or   Hedge  Bina        to    1  . 
(I.  *    !!  nn.     The   juice   of   this 

plant  is  violently  purgative,  and  is  given  iu  drop- 
sical affecti 

RBL'LA.     The  systematic 
Marit'- 
tica  Mari'na,  Calgete'gia   Soldanella, 
$ea    Bindweed,    Soldanel'la,    (P.)    Chou    Marin. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  he  drastic  ca- 
thartic :  hut  they  are  not  much,  if  at  all.  used. 

ilvuluh    Bvbiacus,    Convolvulus   scam- 
monia— c.  Tuguriorum,  C.  sepium. 

Ol'vi  LU8  Tubpb'tbub,  Turpe't'hum.     The 
a  tic  name  of  the   Turbith  plant.      (F.)  Ra- 
cine de  Turbith.     The  cortical  part  of  the  root  of 
dvoIvuIus  is  brought  from  the 
indies.      It  i-  a  cathartic,  hut  not  used. 

'  VULSJS,  C  mvulsed. 

VUL'SED,     C iii'xu*.     (P. 

tymon  as  convulsion.     Affected  with  cou- 
Vul  81 

C0NVULSIB1 LTT  AS.  see  Suhsultus  tendinurn. 
CONVULSIF,  Convulsive. 
C0NVUL8I0,    Convulsion  — c.    Canine, 
Canii  e  laugh. 

<  ,,w  i  1/8IO    C\  mvul'sio    a: 

Ing'ini   seu    Solonien'eie,   Ergotie'muA 

cut,  3i  '  tus,  Mgrmecis'mus, 

*  I  Convulsion,  (Y.)  Convulsion 

■    convulsif,   Convulsion    dt    S>>- 

singular    disorder    of    the   convulsive 


pull  together;'  Conduc'tio,  Hierau'o* 

"in.  Spasmus  elon'ieus,  Oonvul'sio  don'iea, 
Eelamj  wul'sio,  Hgperspasm'ia, 

Clonic  Spasm.  This  word  has  several  accepta- 
It  means  any  violent  perveraion  of  the 
animal  movements.  The  word  ConvuVsi 
nerally.  however,  signifies  alternate  contractions, 
violent  and  involuntary,  of  muscles,  which  habi- 
tually contract  only  under  the  influence  of  the 
will.  This  alternate  contraction,  when  slight,  is 
called  tremor  ;  when  strong  and  permanent,  tefO> 
nus,  trismus,  Ac.  Spasms,  Cramp,  I. 
nieus,  and  St.  Viti  s't  Dana  are  convulsions. 

\  \>i',  Edamp'sia  sou  Spanning 
nutans.  A  name  given  to  a  singular  kind  of  con- 
vulsion in  children,  in  which  there  is  a  peculiar 
bobbing  of  the  head  forward. — Sir  Charles  Clarke. 
•  VULS10N  lJE  SOLOGNE,  Convulsio 
cerealis. 

( 'ONVULSIONNAIRE  (P.).     A  name  given, 

'  during  the  last  century,  to  individuals  who  had, 
or  affected  to  have,  convulsions,  produced  by  re- 
ligious  impulses.  The  epithet  was  first  given  to 
fanatics,  who  exhibited  the  most  wonderful  and 
varied  seizures,  at  the  tomb  of  Paris,  a  Jai 
who  died  in  the  year  1727,  and  was  buried  in  the 

J  cemetery  of  St.  Medard.  Some  of  these  were 
called  Sauteuses  or  Jumpers,  of  whom  there  have 

j  been  examples  in  more  recent  times  :  others,  from 
barking  like  a  dog,  were  called  abogeueeaj  and 
others,  from  mewing  like  a  cat,  mianluntes. 

A  form  of  convulsion,  induced  by  religious 
frenzy,  has  been  vulgarly  called  the  "jerks,"  and 
the  gymnastic  movements  of  the  Shakers  may  be 
placed  in  the  same  categorv. 

CONVULSIONS  OF  CHILDREN,  Eclampsia 
—  c.  des  Enfane,  Eclampsia  —  c.  dee  Fern 
ceintes    et   en    couches,   Eclampsia  gravidarum   et 
parturientium — c.  Puerperal.  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium.     See  Mania,  dancing. 


CONVUL'SIVE,  Convulsi' 


cus,  ispasmo 


dee, 


Agitato'rius,  (F.)  Convulsi/.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by,  or  is  analogous  to,  convulsions,  as 
convulsive  cough,  convulsive  disease. 

CONYZA,  Inula  dysenterica— c.  Bifoliata,  Se- 
ricocarpus  tortifolius  —  c.  Coma  aurea,  Bolidago 
Virgaurea  —  c.  Major,  C.  squarrosa  —  c.  Media, 
Inula  dysenterica — c.  Pycnostachya,  Pterocaulon 
pyenostachyum. 

*  CoNY'ZA     SqUARRO'SA,      C.    Major,     J!r>phoc'to- 


non,  In'ula 


nquat 


Great  Fleabane  or  Spik< 


nard,(F.)  Bferbe  aux  mouches.  Ortf.  Compositm. 
A  European  plant,  whoso  strong  and  disagreeable 

odour  was  formerly  considered  to  be  destructive 
to  flies,  fleas,  to.  Its  infusion  in  wine  was  once 
used  as  an  emmenagogue  and  anti-icteric ;  and  in 
vinegar  as  an  anti-epileptic. 

COOKERY,  Culinary  art. 

COOLWEED,  Pilea  pomila. 

COONTIE  or  COONTI,  see  Arrowroot. 

COOPER'S  WELL,  see  Mississippi,  Mineral 
Waten 

COOPERCULUM  OCULI,  Palpebra. 

COOPERTORIUM,  Thyroid  cartilage. 

COOSTIU'M.  The  middle  part  of  the  dia- 
phragm.— Rulaud. 


COOT 


240 


COR 


COOT,  Malleolus. 
COOT II.  Catarrh. 

CO P All IE R,  Copaiba, 

CO  PAH  (I,  Copaiba. 

COPA'IBA.  The  resinous  juice  of  Copa'if'era 
officina'/is  seu  Jacquini,  Copaiva  officinalis,  and 
other  species  of  Copnifera;  (F.)  Copahier.  Orel. 
Leguminosoe.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia. 
It  is  the  Copaiferce  officina'lis  Resi'na,  Hal'sa- 
mum  Copaibas  seu  Brazil ien'se  seu  de  Copaiba  seu 
Capi'vi,  BaUam  of  Copaiba  or  Copaiva,  (vul- 
garly pronounced  capee'vy,)  (F.)  Co}'>ahu,  Baume 
de  Copahu,  B.  du  Bresil,  Terebinthe  de  Copahn. 
Its  odour  is  peculiar,  but  not  unpleasant ;  taste 
pungent,  bitter  :  consistence,  syrupy;  colour  yel- 
lowish, and  transparent.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  and  the  expressed  oils.  S.  g.  0.950.  Its 
properties  are  stimulant  and  diuretic;  in  large 
doses  it  is  purgative.  It  acts  on  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  urethra,  and  on  mucous  membranes 
in  general.  It  is  given  in  gonorrhoea,  gleet,  leu- 
corrhcea,  <fcc,  in  the  dose  of  gtt.  x  to  ^j,  twice  or 
thrice  a  day.  Should  symptoms  of  urticaria  or 
diarrhoea  arise,  the  dose  is  too  large,  and  must  be 
diminished.  It  can  be  inspissated  by  means  of 
magnesia,  so  as  to  be  made  into  pills,  and  a  plan 
has  been  devised  for  enveloping  it  in  gelatin,  so 
that  its  taste  is  entirely  concealed.  See  Cap- 
sules, gelatinous. 

COPAIFERA  JACQUINI,  see  Copaiba  — c. 
Officinalis,  see  Copaiba. 

COPAIVA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Copaiba. 

COPAL',  Copale,  Besi'na  Copal,  Gummi  copal- 
li'num.  A  resinous  substance  brought  from  the 
East  Indies,  South  America,  and  the  western 
coast  of  Africa,  which  flows  spontaneously  from 
Elceocar'pits  Copallif'erus,  Vate'ria  Ind'ica,  and 
probably  from  different  species  of  Hymence'a. 
Ord.  Leguminosae.  It  is  a  stimulant  like  all  the 
resins,  and,  dissolved  in  rectified  spirits  of  wine, 
has  been  used  in  cases  of  spongy  gums  and  loose- 
ness of  the  teeth  ;  but  it  is  now  only  employed 
in  varnishes. 

COPALCHE  BARK,  see  Croton  pseudo-china. 

COP-PONE,  Patella. 

COPE.  Cut. 

COPHOMA,  Cophosis. 

COPHONIA,  Acouophonia. 

COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ma,  CopVotes,  Sur'ditas, 
Paracu'sis,  Dyscesthe'sia  audita' ria  ;  from  Kwtyoq, 
'deaf.'  (F.)  Surdite.  Diminution  or  loss  of 
hearing.  Cullen  uses  the  word  synonymously 
with  Dysecosa,  and  Pinel  with  Paracou'sia  or 
Parac'oe.  According  to  Sauvages,  Cophosis  dif- 
fers from  both, — from  Dyseccea,  because  in  it  the 
sonorous  rays  cannot  reach  the  labyrinth  ;  and 
from  Pnracousia,  which  consists  in  a  confused 
state  of  hearing. 

Cophosis  seems,  usually,  to  be  synonymous 
with  deafness, — Paracu'sis,  Sur'ditas. 

COPHOTES,  Cophosis. 

COPIOPIA,  Copyopia. 

COPOS,  Lassitu'do,  Fatir/a'tio,  Las'situde,  Fa- 
tigue. A  state  of  body  in  which  most  of  the  ani- 
mal functions  are  exerted  with  less  promptitude 
and  vigour  than  common.  The  ancients  admit- 
ted three  species  :  1.  That  arising  from  plethora, 
Lassitu'do  tensi'va,  tono'des;  2.  From  plethora 
and  increased  heat  combined,  Lassitu'do  phleg- 
mono'sa,  cestuo'sa,  phlegmono'des ;  and,  3.  Owing 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  humours,  Lassitu'do 
ulcero'sa.  helco'des. 

COPPER,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniated,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum — c.  Ammonio-sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammonifttum — c.  Rose,  Papaver  rhoeas — c.  Sub- 
acetate  of,  Cupri  subacetas — c.  Sulphate  of,  Cupri 
sulphas  —  c.  Ammoniacal  sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum. 


COPPERAS,  Ferri  sulphas  — c.  White,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

COPPER-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COPRACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRAGO'GUM,  from  kottPoS,  'faeces,'  and 
ayu,  'I  bring  away.'  Stercua  e  primis  viis  edu'- 
cens.  A  cathartic.  The  name  of  a  laxative  elec- 
tuary, mentioned  by  Ruland. 

COPRECCRITICUS,  Coprocriticus. 

COPREM'ESIS,  Copriem'esis,  Vom'itus  fasou- 
len'tus  seu  ster'coris:  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Vomiting  of  faeces. 

COPREM'ETUS,  Coproem'etus,  Copriem'etus, 
Merdiv'omus,  from  xoxpog,  'excrement,'  and  e^eu), 
'I  vomit.'     One  who  vomits  fasces. — Hippocrates. 

COPRIEMESIS,  Copremesis. 

COPRIEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROCRIT'ICUS,  Copreccrit'icus,  from  kott- 
pos,  'excrement,'  and  Kpivu,  'I  separate.'  A  mild 
cathartic;  an  eccoprotic. 

COPROEMETUS.  Copremetus. 

COPROEPrSCHESIS,  Constipation. 

COPROLITHUS,  see  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines. 

COPROPHORESIS,  Catharsis. 

COPROPHORIA,  Catharsis. 

COPRORRH03A,  Diarrhoea. 

COPROS,  Excrement. 

COPROSCLEROMA,  Coprosclerosis. 

COPROSCLERO'SIS, from Konpos,  'excrement,' 
and  cKXrjpob),  'I  harden.'  Induration  of  faecal 
matters;  Coprosclero'ma. 

COPROSTASIS,  Constipation. 

COPTE,  Copton,  from  /corrw,  'I  beat  or  pound.' 
A  sort  of  cake,  composed  of  vegetable  substances, 
which  the  ancients  administered  internally,  and 
applied  to  the  epigastric  region  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm. 

COPTIS,  C.  trifo'lia,  Nigel'la,  Helleb'orm 
trifo'lius,  Fibra  au'rea,  Chryza  jibrau'rea,  Ane- 
mo'ne  Gronlan'dica,  Gold  thread,  Mouth  root  ; 
from  kotttu),  'to  cut,'  in  reference  to  the  divided 
leaves.  The  root  of  this  evergreen — Copt  is,  (Ph. 
U.  S.) — is  much  used  in  Massachusetts,  in  aph- 
thous and  other  ulcerations  of  the  mouth,  as  a 
local  application.  It  is  a  pure  bitter,  and  can  be 
used  wherever  such  is  indicated. 

Coptis  Teeta,  31ishme  Teeta  (Upper  Assam), 
Honylane  (Chinese).  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
considered  ft)  be  a  powerful  tonic  and  stomachic. 

COPTON,  Copte. 

.  COPULA,  Ligament — c.  Carnalis,  Coition — e. 
Cartilaginea,  see  Synchondrosis — c.  Magna  cere- 
bri, Corpus  callosum. 

COPULATION,  Coition. 

COPYO'PIA,  Copio'pia,  Kopyo'pia,  Kopio'pia 
Ophthalmocopia,  (F.)  Lassitude  oculaire,  from 
kottos,  'fatigue,'  and  u>\J/,  'the  eye.'  Fatigue  of 
vision.  Weakness  of  sight.  Inability  of  the 
eye  to  sustain  continued  exertion. 

COQ,  Phasianus  Gallus — c.  des  Jardine,  Tana- 
cetum. 

CO  QUE  DU  LEVANT,  see  Menispermum 
cocculus  —  c.  d'CEuf,  see  Ovum  —  c.  Levant,  see 
Menispermum  cocculus. 

COQUELTCOT,  Papaver  rhceas. 
COQUELOURDE,  Anemone  pulsatilla. 
COQUELUCHE.  Influenza,  Pertussis. 

COQUEN'TIA  MEDICAMENT'A,  from  co- 
quere,  'to  digest.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  be  proper  for  favouring  the 
coction  or  digestion  of  food. 

COQUERET,  Phvsalis. 

COQUETTE,  Influenza. 

COQUILLE,  Cochlea— c.  d'CEuf,  see  Ovum. 

COR,  a  corn.  Also,  Heart  —  c.  Aorticum,  see 
Heart  —  c.  Arteriosum,  see  Heart  —  c.  Bovinum, 


COR ACQ 


2  I  1 


CORDOLIUM 


Ilofirt.  hypertrophy  of  the — e,  Hirrafnm,  Corvil- 
losum — e.  Hispidum,  Cor  rillosum — o.  Pulmonale, 

.rt  —  c.  Tjiuiinuni,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of 
the—'-.  Tom  r  rillosam — e.  Venosum, 

Viiiu'vi'M,   ('.  tomento'tum  seu  hirtu'tum 
seu   kiap'idum.     The  condition  of   the  b< 
tim--.  after  pericarditis,  when  it  is  studded  with 
,  fibrinous  matter  from  its  surface. 
In   composition,  appertaining  or 
relating  to  the  coraooid  proc    -. 
CO!  EIUEUS,  CoracobrachiaUs. 

COR'ACO-ERA'CHIAL,  Cor'aco-Brachia'lia. 
:h  to  the  coracoid  process  and  arm. 
\.  hi  v'i  is  -  oracobrachi- 

humiral — >  I  a'tiu  C  18SB'- 

i:n,  Perforatue,  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper 
:    the  arm.  coracoid 

the  scapula,   and  is   inserted  at  the 
middle  ]>art  of  the  inner  side  of  the  humerus.     It 
the  arm   forwards  and   inwards,  raising 
the  humerus  a  little.     I  .  by  anting  ia*- 

•  Bhoulder. 
NAVICULAR,  m'euia'- 

ris.     Bel  mging  to  the  coracoid  process  and  cla- 
vicle. 

wirri.AR  Ligament— called,  also, 

tvicular  —  serves  to  unite  the  clavicle  to 

the  coracoid  process.     It  is  very  irregular,  and 

formed  of  two  fasciculi,  which  the  greater  part 

of  anatomists  have  described  as  particular  liga- 

ander  the  names  Conoid  and  Trapezoid. 

CORACODES,  Coracoid. 

iLIS,   Coraeo-hrachialis  — 

e.  Hyoideus,  Omohyoideus  —  o.  Radialis,  Bleeps 

ubiti. 

COR'A(  oil),  Coracoi' deut,  CoracoVdee,  Cora- 

1*0$,   'a    crow,'    and    utos, 

'resemblance.'     (F.)  Coracoi  '■ .     Resembling  the 

beak  of  a  crow.      A  name  given   by  Galen — and 

still  retained— to  the  short,  thick  process,  situate 

at  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper  margin  of  the 

scapula,  which  has  some  resemblance  to  the  beak 

of  a  crow.  CoracoVdeua  sou  uncina'- 

cornicula'ria  sen   anchor  a' li 

.  Or  our  t  beak-like  | 
Ibis  !  lnnent  to  the  Coraco-cla- 

ric'u/m-  and  Coraco-acro'mial  ligaments,  and  to 
raehia'lia,   Pectora'lia    minor,    and 

Iiir.  /,-     ! 

Lio'avbnt,    Ligomen'tum   eoracoV- 

Coracoidien.     This  name  is  given 

-mall    fibrous    fasciculus,   which   converts 

the  iiot.h.  at  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula, 

into  a  foramen. 

!//,,    Coral  —  c.  des  Jarditu,   Capsicum 
annnum. 

\  L,     Coral'linm,     Coral'lue,     Conra'livm, 

Arbor  Marin,  Azur,  Holt' sis,  from  Koptu,  'I  adorn.' 

■  ding  to  some,  from 

•  nd  roAf,  't'  Corail. 
One  of  the  most  beautiful  production 

It  Is  fixed  to  submarine  rocks,  in  the  form  of  ;, 
shrub,  and   is   of  a   bright  red   colour.      It   is  the 

'ii  of  a  multitude  of  animals,  of  ; 

rder,  and   is   formed   of  ;l  <•.-, 

ted  by  the  animals  themselves.  It 
is  in  veiv  hard,  concentric  layers j  covered,  ex- 
ternally, by  of  porous  hark,  full  of 
cellules,  each  of  which  contains  one  of  these 
animals. 

-//I.     ft 

Is  much  fished  for  on  the  coasts  of  Barbary  and 

1  was  formerly  esteemed  tonic,  ab- 

:  Dot  analysis  has  shown, 

,,irit  •'  ly  carbonate  of  lime  and  a  lit- 

■  tfbasius,  the 
''■<r„Uium    album    U   a   hard, 

"''•'••  '  the  nidus  of 


Irep'oro  ocula'ta.     It  has  been  given  a? 

rbent 
(  ORALLI'NA.       Diminuth  Ilium: 

marit'imue,   Corallina  officina'lia,  Brion, 
CoraUina  alba,  Sea  Cor'alline,  White  Wor 

•alline    blanche.     The   production   of  an 
airmal,  which   belongs   to  th'  pi,  and 

which  is  found  in  all  the  seas  of  Europe;  —  par- 
ticularly in  the  Mediterranean.  It  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  plant,  is  homogeneous,  an  inch  or 
two  in  height,  of  a  whit.-,  reddish,  or  p 
clour,  salt  taste,  and  marine  smell.  It  contains 
gelatin,  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate, 

carbonate,  ami  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  <>f 

magnesia,  Bilioa,  oxide  of  iron,  and  a  colouring 
principle.  It  was  once  much  used  as  a  vermi- 
fuge: hut  is  not  now  employed.  Dose,  £ss  to  3J, 
in  powder. 

Coi:  u.i. in  \  Cobsica'ha,  C.  rubra,  Helmintho- 
chorton,  Helminthochort'um,  Elminthoehorton, 
ifuacua  helminth ochortos,  Melithochorton,  ifuacua 
coralli'nu*  sen  Sfari'nue  seu  Oor'eicue,  Confer'va 
1I<  Iminthochortoe,  Sph&rococ'cue  In  Iminthochor- 
tos,  Oigarti'na  seu  Ploca'ria  sen  Fucua  helmin- 
thochorton,  Corail? na  melitochorton,  Lemithochor- 

i  helminthochort'tu,  Corn'ean  I 
weed,  (F.)  Coralline  de  Corse  on  noire,  Moueee 
.  It  is  a  mixture  of  several  marine  plants 
and  zoophytes,  as  the  fucua,  eeramium,  ulva,  co- 
ralline, conferral,  &c,  and  has  gained  great  repu- 
tation for  destroying  all  kinds  of  intestinal  worms. 
when  given  in  strong  decoction.  The  I 
Pharmacopoeia  directs  an  officinal  syrup  —  the 
Strop  de  Coralline. 

CORALLINE  BLANCHE,   Corallina  —  c  de 
•  'orallina  Corsicana  —  c.  Noire,  Corallina 
Corsioana. 

CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral- 
loides. 

CORALWORT,  Clavaria  coralhudes. 

CORCULUM  CKKMIMS,  see  Molecule. 

CORD,  Funis,  Fuuic'ii/iis,   Chosnoe,   Ohos'nion, 
X°tv°s,  x<HVi0V'  fr°rn  the  Latin  Chorda,  which  is 
itself  derived  from  gopA?,  'intestine:'  and.  after- 
wards,  was  applied  to  musical   cords   or  strings. 
f  the  intestines  of  animals.     See  Chorda. 

Cord.  Spkbmatic,  see  Spermatic  cord — c.  Um- 
bilical, Funiculus  nmbilicalis. 

Conns.  VOCAL,  Corda  of  Ferrein,  Chords',  vo- 
co'les,  Ch.  Ferre'nii.  A  name  given  to  the  liga- 
ments of  the  glottis,  which  Ferrein  compared  to 
stretched  cords,  and  to  which  he  attributed  the 
production  of  voice.  See  Thyreo-arytenoid  Liga- 
ment. 

CORDA,  Chorda  — c.  Ilippocrntis.  A  chillis 
tendo  —  c.  Magna,  Achillis  tendo  —  c.  Spinalis. 
Medulla  spinalis. 

CORDE  DO  TAMBOUR,  Chorda  tympani 
— c  du  Tvmpan,  Chorda  tympani. 

CORDE E,  Chordee. 

CORD  I  A  AFRICANA,  Sebestina— c.  Domes- 
tic;!. Bebestana — e.  Myxa,  Sebestina — e.  Obliqua, 
Sebestina — e.  Sebestina,  Sebestina — c.  Smooth- 
Leaved,  Sebestina. 

COR'DIAL,    Cordia'lie,    Cfirdi't/ctix,   from    cor, 
cordis,  'the  heart.1    A  tonic  or  excitant  medicine, 
judged   to   be  proper  for  exciting  the   b(  B 
warm  stomachic. 

Cordi  u.,  Godfrxy'b,  see  Godfrey's  Cordial — c. 
Nervous.  Brodum's,  see  Tinetura  gentian se  com- 
e.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's,  Confeotio  aroma- 
.  Bee  Tinetura  rbei  e(  senna?. 

CORDIFORM  TENDON  OP  Till'  j>i A- 
I'HIi  \<;.M.  Centre,  phrenic. 

CORDINE'MA,  from  *„™,  'the  head,'  [?]  and 
6ivc<j),  '  I  move  about.'     Headache,  aceomj 
with  vertigo.     Bee  < larebaria. 

CORDIS  EMUNCTORIUM,  Axilla. 

CORDOLIUM,  Oardialgia. 


CORDON 


42 


CORN 


CORDON(F.),  Funiculus,  diminutive  of  funis, 
'a  cord.'  A  teriu  applied  to  many  parts,  which 
resemble  a  small  cord. 

CORDON  NER  VEIN,  Ramus  Nervo'sus.  A 
principal  division  of  a  nerve,  or  the  nervous  trunk 
itself. 

CORDON  OMBILICALE,  Funiculus  umbili- 
calis — c.  Spermaiique,  Spermatic  chord — c.  Testi- 
culaire,  Spermatic  chord. 

CORDONS    SUS-PUBIENS,    Round    liga- 
ments of  the  uterus — c.  Vasculaires,  Round  liga-  i 
inents  of  the  uterus. 

CORDS,  see  Cord. 

CORE,  Pupil,  see  Furunculus. 

COREC'LISIS,  Ankyloc'ore,  Atretops'ia,  from 
Kopt),  'pupil.'  and  kXciw,  'I  close.'  Closure  or 
obliteration  of  the  pupil. 

CORECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 

CORECTOP'IA,  from  Kopr,,  'the  pupil,'  etc,  'out 
of,'  and  toitos,  'place.'  Displacement  of  the  pupil. 
A  condition  of  the  iris  in  which  one  segment  is 
larger  than  the  other;  so  that  the  pupil  is  not  in 
the  centre. — Von  Amnion. 

COREDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

CORE'MATA,  from  /copew,  'I  cleanse.'  Reme- 
dies proper  for  cleansing  the  skin.  —  Paulus  of 
iEgina. 

COREMETAMORPHOSIS,  Dyscoria. 

COREMORPHO'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  morbid  change  in  the  shape  of  the  pupil. 

COREMORPHO'SIS,  Conforma'tio  pupill'ce 
artifida'lia,  Cor'eplasty,  from  koot),  'the  pupil,' 
and  nop(j>(j)<Tis,  'formation.'  The  operation  for 
artificial  pupil.     See  Coretomia. 

COREXCLEI'SIS,  from  Kopn,  'the  pupil,'  and 
fy»cAaw,  'to  include.'  Operation  for  artificial 
pupil,  which  consists  in  drawing  out,  through  an 
incision  in  the  cornea,  a  portion  of  the  iris,  and 
cutting  it  off. 

COREOX'OIOX,  Coron'cion,  Coreon'cium,  from 
Kuprj,  'the  pupil/  and  oyKivog,  'a  small  hook.'  An 
instrument,  used  for  the  formation  of  artificial 
pupil  by  Langenbeck.  It  is  hooked  at  its  ex- 
tremity. A  double-hooked  forceps,  used  by  Yon 
Grate,  is  similarly  named. 

COREOP'SIS  "TRICHOSPER'M A,  Tickweed 
sunflower,  Tick-seed  sunflower;  from  tcopis,  'the 
bug,'  and  o\pis,  'resemblance.'  An  indigenous 
plant,  of  the  Composite  Family,  with  large  golden 
yellow  rays,  which  flowers  in  September.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  used  as  an  alterative. 

•CORE PLASTY.  Coremorphosis. 

CORETODIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

CORETOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretodialysis. 

CORETOM'IA,  from  Kopr,,  'the  pupil,'  and 
rtuvsiv,  'to  cut.'  Iridotom'ia,  Coretotom'ia,  Coro- 
tnm'ia,  Iridectom'ia,  Coretonectom'ia,  Corectom'ia, 
Iridodial'ysis,  Corodial'ysis,  Coredial'ysis,  Core- 
tod  i(d' ysis,  Coretomedi  al'  ysis,  Iridotomedial'ysis. 
IridectomediaV ysis.  Various  operations  for  the 
formation  of  artificial  pupil  are  so  termed.  The 
first  four  signify  the  simple  incision  of  the  iris 
for  that  purpose;  the  next  three,  excision  of  the 
iris,  or  incision  with  loss  of  substance;  the  next 
four  the  simple  separation  or  tearing  asunder  of 
the  iris  from  the  ciliary  ligament;  the  next  two 
such  separation  with  incision  of  the  iris;  and  the 
last  such  separation  with  excision  of  the  part  of 
the  iris  detached.  When  a  portion  of  the  iris  is 
left  strangulated  in  the  wound,  it  is  termed  Iri- 
denclei'sis,  Iridencleis'mus,  and  Iridotenclei'sis. 

CORETOXECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 

CORETOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORIAX'DER,  from  koois,  'the  bug:'  the  smell 
of  the  fresh  herb  resembling  that  of  the  bug.  [?] 
Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIANDRUM  CICUTA,  Cicuta  virosa— c. 
Maculatum,  Conium  maculatum. 

Corian'duum   Sati'vum,    Corian'der,    Corian'- 


non,  (F.)  Coriandre.  Family,  Uinbelliferae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  seeds  of  the  co- 
riander—  dorian' drum  (Ph.  U.S.),  Corianwon  — 
have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  grateful,  pungent 
taste.  They  are  carminative,  but  are  chiefly 
used  to  cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 

OORIANNON,  Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIGEEN,  Fucus  crispus. 

CORIITIS.  Cvtitis. 

CORIXTHIAC^E,  see  Yitis  Corinthiaca. 

CORIOX,  Corium,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

CORIS,  Cimex — c.  Monspeliensis,  Symphytum 
Petraaum. 

CO'RIUM,  Gorton,  (F.)  Ouir.  The  skin  of 
animals  is  so  called,  especially  when  tanned. 
The  cutis  vera,  or  the  thickest  part  of  the  human 
skin. 

Corium  Phlogis'ticcm,  Crusta  pleuret'ica  seu 
inflammato'ria  seu  j)hlof/is'tica,  Pegmin,  Iujlam'- 
matory  Crust  or  Buff,  Duffy  Coat,  (F.)  Gouenne, 
C.  Pleuretique,  C.  Inriammatoire.  The  grayish 
crust  or  buff,  varying  in  thickness,  observed  on 
blood  drawn  from  a  vein  during  the  existence  of 
violent  inflammation,  pregnancy,  &c.  It  is  par- 
ticularly manifest  in  pleurisy,  and  hence  one  of 
its  names.  For  its  production,  it  appears  to  be 
requisite,  that  there  should  be  an  increase  in  the 
proportion  of  the  fibrinous  element  of  the  blood 
over  that  of  the  red  corpuscles,  with  increased 
aggregation  of  those  corpuscles.  Under  such 
circumstances,  the  buffy  coat  assumes  a  concave 
appearance  on  its  upper  surface,  and  the  blood  is, 
therefore,  said  to  be  cupped. 

The  buff  is  generally  believed  to  consist  of 
fibrin  ;  but,  according  to  the  researches  of  Mul- 
i  der,  it  is  composed  of  a  binoxide  of  protein,  which 
is  insoluble  in  boiling  water,  and  a  tritoxide  which 
is  soluble.  These  oxides  are  comprehended  by 
him  under  the  name  oxyprotein. 

When  the  blood  presents  the  above  appearance, 
it  is  said  to  be  buffy. 

CORK,  Suber." 

CORMIER,  Sorbus  domestica. 

CORMUS.  In  botany,  when  the  stem  of  a 
plant,  without  creeping  or  rooting,  is  distended 
under  ground,  retaining  a  round  or  oval  form,  it 
is  so  called.  The  Cormus  is  vulgarly  termed  a 
root, — radix. 

CORX,  (Saxon  corn,)  (G.)  Kern.  In  Eng- 
land, this  word  means  the  Cerealia,  or  those 
seeds,  which  grow  in  ears,  not  in  pods.  In  the 
United  States,  Com  always  means  Indian  Corn. 
Its  English  sense  corresponds  to  the  French  Bit 
or  Bled. 

Corn,  Clarus,  Clams  Pedis,  Ecphy'ma  Clams. 
Gemur'sa,  (F.)  Cor,  Ognon,  from  cornu,  'a  horn.' 
A  small,  hard,    corneous    tumour,  which    forms 
upon  the  foot,  generally  on  the  toes;  and  is  com- 
monly produced  on  the  most  projecting  parts,  by 
the  pressure  of  too  tight  shoes.     A  part  of  the 
corn  is  raised  above  the  skin,  and  forms  a  round 
tumour,  like  the  head  of  a  nail :  the  other  por- 
tion, which  serves  as  its  base,  is  buried  more  or 
less  deeply  in  the  integuments,  and  occasionally 
extends  as  far  as  the  tendons  and    periosteum. 
Corns  may,  sometimes,  be  removed,  by  immers- 
II  ing  the  feet  in  warm  water,  but  commonly  they 
;  return.     They  can,  likewise,  be  destroyed  by  the 
j  knife  or  caustic,  or  by  paring    them  down  and 
I  pulling  them  out  by  the  roots;  but  these  opera- 
!  tions  are  not  always  as  simple  as  they  seem.     In 
the  way  of  palliation,  they  must  be  constantly 
:  pared;  and,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  pres- 
sure, any  soft  plaster,  spread  upon  linen  or  leather, 
may  be  applied,  with  a  hole  in  the  centre  to  re- 
ceive the  corn  ;  and  layer  after  layer   of  plaster 
be  added,  until  they  attain  the  level  of  the  corn. 
When    very  irritable,  the  lunar  caustic,  rubbed 
over  the  surface,  will  generally  diminish  irritabi- 


CORXALIXE 


13 


CORNU 


l!ty  surprisingly,  and  in  a  mode  not  easy  of  ex- 
planation. 

.  Zea  mays. 
1         i  <  ...  ki.i:.  Lychnis  githago. 
Cokn..  Guihba,  Panicum  Italieum — c.  Indian, 
Zea  mays — 0.  Wild,  Matricaria  chamoinilla. 

Flag,   Gladiolus   vulgaris  —  c  Flower, 
Centaurea  oyanua — a,  Salad,  Valeriana  dentata. 

,  Die  ntra  Canadensis. 
CORNALINE,  Cornelian. 
CORNE,  Cornu— c  d' Amnion,  Cornn  ammonia 
— <-.  (/•  rnu  ammonia — <•• 

run  cervi,  Cochlearia  ooronopua —  c.  de 

Chamois,  Cornu  rupieaprsB —  c    1' tdante  ou 

,-,  (/«  ventrieule  latiral,  Cornu  deseendena 

ventrieuli  lateralis  —  c.  </-    la    /'"in,   Cornu  —  c. 

in  ventrieule  latiral,  Cornu  posterius 

ten  poatieum  ventriculi  lateralis. 

CORNS',  Corneous, 

COR'NEA,  C.  tranepa'remt  seu  peU»'eida  seu 

■  ito'i'dr* 
•  itome'  nin.r,     .'/-  I -i- 

vra'na  cornea  ;  from  v>rnu,  •  horn.'     The  trane- 
ji'treitt  corn*  One   of  the  coats 

wf  the  eye.  so  called  because  it   has   some   resem- 
to  horn.     It  is  termed  transparent  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  tlie  opakt — Cornea   opa'ea  or 
It    is    convex,    anteriorly;     concave, 
posteriorly;   forming  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  an- 
i art  of  the  eye,  and  representing  a  segment 
uere  about  seven  lines  and  a  half,  or  in. 
0*625  in  diameter.     It  teems  to  be  constituted  of 
laminae  in  superposition,  but  of  the  precise  num- 
ber  anatomista  are  not  agreed.     Henle  assigns  it 
fmr  :  the  third,  a  very  solid  cartilaginous  lamella, 
called  Membrane  de  Demours  or  M.  de  Des- 
iee  Aqueous  humour.     Messrs.  Todd  and 
Bowman  assign  it  five  layers. 

COM  -.  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea — 

.  Caligo — c.  Opaca,  Sclerotic — c.  Sugar- 
Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 
CORXEE,  Cornea. 
CORNEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CORNEL,   ALTERNATE-LEAVED,    Cornus 

nlternifolia — c.  American  Red  rod,  Cornus  sericea 

.  Large-flowered,  Cornus  Florida — c.  Panicled, 

-  paniculata — e.  Round-leaved,  Cornus  cir- 

rinata — c.  White,  Cornus  paniculata. 

CORNE'LIAN,    Came' lion,   Chaleedo'nivt, 
due,  Lapis  (  'ome'lus,Oorne,olus) 

Vard'ius,  (F.)  Comaline.    A  precious,  semi- 
t    maparent  stone,  found  in  Sardinia.     The  an- 
scribed  to  it  a  number  of  absurd  properties. 
CORNELDS,  Cornelian. 
CORNEOLUS,  C  >rnelian. 
COR'NEOUS,    Cor'neua,    Homy,  (F.)    Corni, 
■  ■  ,tu,  'a  horn.'     Having  the  nature  or  ap- 
pearance of  horn. 

'nea,  is  that  which 
the  nails.     The  corneous  membrane  i»  the 

CORNES  hi'  CARTILAGE  THTROlDE, 
c  »rnaa  eartilaginia  tbj  roideas— c.  du  <  veeyx,  Cor- 
•■  .  ~   -c.de VHyiiide, Cornuahyoide 
CORNES  DE  LIM  L(  io»Ta  flora*. 

A  name  given  by  Anel  to  the  lachrymal  puncta 
and  '1 

( •<>/: \ ES  D E  LA    '/ A  TR /' 7/.  Cornua  uteri 

i.   /<i  /'<  cut,  Horn  '.  .  >-es. 

OORNBSTA,  Retort. 

CORNET  ACOUSTIQUB,  Bar- trumpet— e. 
I  bone,  middle — cde  Morgagni, 
nated  bone,  saperior. 

:\KTS.  Turbinated  bones— e.  tfa  Bsrfin, 
Sphenoidal  cornua  —  c.  Sphenoidomae,  Bphe 

CORNICHON,  see   Cucumis  sativus  —  e,   tie 
rnu  cervi. 


PROCESSUS,     Coracoid 


CORNICULARIS 

•  < MIX  [C'ULTJM,  diminutive  of  cornu,  fa  horn.1 

'a  little  horn.'     A  ipeciea  of  cupping  instrument, 
shaped  like  a  trumpet!  having  a  hole  at  the  top 
for  sucking  the  air  out,  to  diminish   the   | 
in  its  interior. — Seultetus,  llildanus. 

CoBHICOLUM  La  .  ii'iilnm  Santori'ui 

>cu  Laryn'gis  sen  Cartilag"inis  arytenoid 
pra-arytenoid  Car'tilage,  Car'tilage  of  Santorini. 
A    small,    very    movable,    cartilaginous    tubercle, 
found  on  the  arytenoid  eartiL 

CORNIER,  Cornua  Florida. 

CORNIPICATION,  Racomiseemen*. 

CORXIXE.  aee  Cornua  Florida. 

CORNOUILLER,   Cornus    Florida  — c.   & 

Feuillee arrondiee,  Cornus  circinata — e. d  Grandee 

1  ornna  Florida — p.  Soyeux,  Cornus  sericea. 

CORNU,  d   os.   Com,  Horn.     (F.  \ 

conical,  hard,  epidermoua  projection,  which 
grows  on  the  heads  of  certain  animals,  serving 
them  as  a  weapon  of  offence  and  defence.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts  of  the  hu- 
man body,  which  have  nearly  the  same  shape  as 
the  horns  of  animals. 

Count.  A  horny  excrescence  :  a  corneous  wart, 
which  occasionally  forms  on  the  skin,  and  requires 
the  use  of  the  knife  ;  (F.)  Come  dt  la  /'"in. — See 
Corn.  Also,  Cornu  Cervi.  —  See  Cervus.  Also, 
a  Retort. 

Count  ACUSTICUM",  Ear-trumpet. 

Cornu  Ammo'nis,  C.  Arie'tie,  Hippocam'pus 
major,  Pes  hippocam'pi  major,  Pes  Hippopot'ami 
major.  Protuberan'tia  eylind'rica,  Vermis  Bom- 
byc"inue,  Proeee'eus  ner'ebri  later  a' lis,  \Y.)  Come 
rf  Amnion  ou  de  Beller,  Grande  Hippocampe, 
Pied  ,/e  eheval  mar  in,  Protubirance  cyfindroide 
I  (Ch.),  BonrreJet  roule.  A  broad,  considerable 
j  eminence,  curved  on  itself,  and  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  Its  sur- 
face presents  two  or  three  tubercles  separated 
from  each  other  by  shallow  grooves. 

The  Acceseo'rius  Pedis  Hippocamp'i,  (F.)  Ac- 

,   cexxoire  du  }>i<-d  d'hippocampe,  is   a   prominence, 

usually  formed  by  the  base  of  the  inferior  cornu 

of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.    It  is  merely 

a  fold  of  the  hemisphere,  and  was  by  oaalaeame 

i!  called  Cuissari  ou  Armure  dee  Jambee. 

Count  Anikkhs  sen  Anti'com  Vkntuic'uli 
Latkka'i.is;  Anterior  Cornu  of  the  Lat'eral  Ven'- 
tricle.  The  portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  id"  the 
brain,  which  is  lodged  in  the  middle  of  the  lobe, 
and  forms  the  commencement  of  that  cavity. 

Count  Ckkvi,  Cornu,  C.  Cervi' num,  Cervi 
El'aphi  Cornn,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf, 
Bois  de  cerf,  Curnivhnn  de  cerf.  The  horns  of 
various  species  of  the  stag.  They  contain  about 
27  per  cent,  of  gelatin.  The  Shavings,  Raspa- 
tu'ra  seu  Rae' nra  Cornu  Cervi,  C.  C.  raspa'tum, 
boiled  in  water,  have.  Consequently,  been  es- 
teemed emollient  and  nutritive. 

Hdrtahom  Jelly  may  be  made  as  follows:  — 
Hartehorn  shavings,  Jvj ;  boil  in  eater  Oiv  to 
Oij  ;  strain,  and  add.  whilst  hot.  of  lemon-jm'ce, 
two  tableapoonfula j  watts  sugar,  *vj  .-  and  Sherry 
"'''"'.  two  glasses.     A  good  nutriment  for  the  sick, 

where  wine  'u  not  improper. 

When  burnt,  the  -havings  eoaatJtute  the  Conni 
cervi  calcina'tum,  Cornu  uetnm,  Phoephas  Culeis, 

Col,-, i' rin phosphor1 'tea, (P.)  Corm  <f<  cerf  oalcinie, 
Phosphate  de  ehaux,  which  consists  of  57*5  per 

rent,  of  phosphate  (»f  lime.  It  lias  been  used  aa 
U  an  antacid,  but  i-  wholly  Inert,  u  its  composition 
,  would  indicate.     It  contains  only  1  per  'cut.  of 

carbonate  of  lime. 

Phosphate  of  lime  has  also  been  given  in 

malacia,  from  a  presumption  that  u 

owing  to   a  deficiency   of  earthy   matter  in   the 


CORNUA 


241 


CORONARY 


blood,  which  is  doubtless  an  error — the  fault  being 
in  the  agents  of  assimilation  or  the  cells  of  nu- 
trition. With  as  little  propriety,  it  has  been  pro- 
posed as  an  excitant  to  the  healthy  action  of  the 
cells  in  tuberculosis. 

Bone  earth  is  usually  sold  in  the  shops  for  burnt 
hartshorn. 

The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Colds  phos- 
pha*  prcBd'pita'tum,  prepared  by  dissolving  burnt 
ox  bones  in  muriatic  acid,  and  precipitating  by 
solution  of  ammonia.  The  dried  precipitate, 
called  bone  phosphate  of  lime,  has  no  virtues  not 
possessed  by  the  cornu  ustum. 

Hartshorn  was  once  supposed  to  possess  a  be- 
zoardie  power. 

Cornu  Ceryixum,  Cervus,  Plantago  corono- 
pus. 

Corxu  Descex'dexs  Vextric'uli  Latera'lis, 
(F.)  Gorne  descendante  ou  inferieure  du  ventricule 
lateroL  Dig"ital  Cav'ity,  Descending  or  inferior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  The  termination 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  in  the  middle  lobe  of  the 
brain,  behind  the  fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Corxu  Ethmoidal,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — 
c.  Middle,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

Corxu  Poste'rius  seu  Posti'ctm  Vextric'uli 
Latera'lis,  Cavitas  digita'ta.  Posterior  Cornu 
of  the  Lateral  Ventricle.  (F.)  Come  posterieure 
du  ventricule  lateral.  The  triangular  prolonga- 
tion of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain  into  the 
substance  of  the  occipital  lobe. 

Corxu  Rupica'pr^e,  (F.)  Come  de  Chamois. 
The  horn  of  the  chamois.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  Cornu  Cerri. 
CORNUA,  Turbinated  bones. 
Corxua  Cartilag"ixis  Thyroide.e,  (F.)  Comes 
du  Cartilage  thyrdide.  Eminences  on  the  thyroid 
cartilage,  distinguished  into  great  or  superior, 
which  are  articulated  with  the  great  cornu  of  the 
os  hyoides  :  —  and  into  small  or  inferior,  united 
with  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

CORNU  A  Coccv'gis.  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx,  (F.) 
Comes  du  Coccyx.  Two  small,  tubercular  emi- 
nences at  the  base  of  the  coccyx,  which  are 
articulated  with  those  of  the  sacrum. 
Cornua  Cutanea,  Horny  excrescences. 
CORNUA  HyoIdei  Ossis,  Radi'ces  ossis  hydi'dei, 
Cornua  of  the  Hyoid  Bone,  (F.)  Comes  de 
Vhyoide.  Four  fragments  of  the  os  hyoides, 
situate  above  the  body  of  the  bone,  and  distin- 
guished into  the  small  or  superior,  and  the  great 
or  lateral. 

Corxua  Lacrymalta,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts,  see  Lachrymal 
pun  eta. 

Corxta  Sacra'lia,  Cornua  of  tie  Sacrum. 
Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sacrum,  which  are  some- 
times united. 

Cornua,  Sphexoidal.  see  Sphenoidalia  cornua 
— c.  Styloid,  see  Hyoides,  os. 

CORNUA  U'teri,  Cornua  of  the  Uterus,  CercRCB, 
Ktpaiai,  Plec'tance,  (F.)  Comes  de  la  Matrice.  The 
angles  of  the  uterus,  where  the  Fallopian  tubes 
arise.  Sometimes  applied  to  the  Fallopian  tubes 
themselves. 

CORXUE,  Retort— c.  Tubulee,  see  Retort. 
CORNUMUSA,  Retort. 

CORNUS  ALTERNIFO'LIA,  Alternate-leaved 
Cornel ;  indigenous.  Nat.  Ord.  Cornaceae.  The 
bark  is  one  of  the  "Shaker  medicines,"  being 
considered  diaphoretic  and  astringent. 

Corxits  Amomus,  C.  sericea  —  c.  Blueberried, 
C.  sericea. 

Corxus  Circlxa'ta,  0.  tomento'sa,  Round- 
leaved  Cornel  or  Dogwood,  (F.)  Comouiller  ctfeu- 
illes  arrondies.  Order,  Cornacea?.  The  bark  of 
this  variety  has  been  used  for  similar  purposes 
with  the  next. 


Corxus  Flor'ida,  Dogicood,  Dogtree,  Boxtree, 
Bitter  Redberry,  Large- flowered  Cornel,  J 1 ale  Great- 
flowered  Dogwood,  Florida  Dogwood,  Virginian 
Dogwood,  Boxwood  (New  England),  (F.)  Cor- 
nouiller,  Cornier,  C.  d  grandes  jieurs.  The  bark 
of  this  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  everywhere  in 
the  United  States,  has  been  long  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  cinchona.  Dose,  from  £ss  to  3j". 
Its  active  principle  has  been  separated  from  it, 
and  received  the  name  of  Comine. 

Corxus  Femixa,  C.  sericea — c.  Mas  odorata, 
Laurus  sassafras. 

Corxus  Paxicula'ta,  Pan'icled  or  White  Cor- 
nel or  Dogwood,  indigenous,  has  been  used  as  a 
substitute  for  Cornus  Florida. 

Corxus  Rubigixosa,  C.  sericea — c.  Sanguinea, 
Sebestina,  C.  sericea. 

Corxus  Seri'cea,  C.  amo'mus  seu  fe'mina  seu 
rubigino'sa  seu  Sanguin'ea,  Swam])  Dogwood. 
Red  Willoic,  Rose  Willow,  Xew  England  Dog- 
icood, Female  Dogicood,  SilJcy-leaved  Dogicood, 
American  Red-rod  Cornel,  Red-rod,  Red  O'sier, 
Blueberried  Dogicood,  Blueberried  Cornus,  (F.) 
Comouiller  soyeux.  The  bark,  it  is  said,  has 
been  found  little  inferior  to  Cinchona  Pallida  in 
intermittents. — Barton. 

Corxus  Tomextosa,  C  circinata. 

CORNUTA.  Retort. 

CORODIALYSIS.  see  Coretomia. 

COROLLA  INFUNDIBULIFORMIS,  see 
Tube.  Fallopian. 

CORONA.  Crown  — c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  body  — 
c.  Dentis,  Crown  of  a  tooth  —  c.  Glandis,  Crown 
of  the  glans — c.  Posterior  ulnae,  Olecranon. 

Coro'xa  Ra'piaxs,  Ra  dinting  Crown  of  Red. 
Fasciculi  of  white  fibres  radiate  in  all  directions 
from  every  part  of  the  surface  of  the  optic  thala- 
mus, excepting  its  inner  side,  which  is  free  and 
corresponds  to  the  third  ventricle ;  the  anterior 
of  these  fibres  pass  directly  forwards,  the  middle 
fibres  outwards,  and  the  posterior  backwards, 
forming  the  coro'na  ra'dians. 

Coroxa  Regia,  Trifolium  melilotus — c.  Ulnae, 
Olecranon — c.  Veneris.  Crown  of  Venus. 

COROXA  CILIARIS  MEMBRANULA,  Cili- 
ary zone — c.  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

CORONAD,  see  Coronal  Aspect. 

CORO'XAL,  Corona'lis,  Corona'rius.  Relating 
to  the  crown  ;  from  corona,  fa  crown.'  A  name 
formerly  given  to  the  frontal  bone,  because  on  it 
partly  reposes  the  crown  of  kings. 

Coroxal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
plane  of  the  corona  or  crown  of  the  head.  Coro- 
nad  is  used  adverbially  to  signify  'towards  the 
coronal  aspect.' — Barclay. 

Coroxal  Suture,  Sutu'ra  corona'lis,  S.Fronto- 
parieta'lis,  Puppis  Sutu'ra,  S.  Arcua'lis.  The 
suture  of  the  head,  which  extends  from  one  tem- 
poral bone  to  the  other,  over  the  crown  of  the 
head,  and  unites  the  parietal  bones  with  the 
frontal.  The  Suture  Coronale  of  the  French 
anatomists  is  the  suture  which  unites  the  two 
I  halves  of  the  os  frontis  at  the  early  period  of  life. 
It  is  a  prolongation  of  the  sagittal. 

COROXALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  found  near  Lucca,  in  Italy. 
They  received  their  name  from  an  erroneous 
notion,  that  they  are  particularly  adapted  for 
curing  diseases  of  the  os  frontis.  Their  tempe- 
rature is  95°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  free 
carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  &c,  and 
some  iron. 

COROXARIUS,  Coronal. 

COR'OXARY,  Corona'rius,  (F.)  Coronaire, 
from  corona,  'a  crown.'     Resembling  a  crown. 

Cor'oxary  Artery  of  the  Stomach,  Arte'ria 
Corona'ria  Ventric'uli  seu  Gas'trica  supe'rior, 
(F.)  Artere  coronaire  stomach ique,  A.  Stomogas- 


CORONCION 


15 


CORPORA   STRIATA 


:  Ch.),  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  ceeliac, 

which  passes  towards  the  Baperior  orifice  of  the 

stomach,  extends  along  its  lesser  curvature,  and 

ends  by  anastomosing  with  the  pyloric   branch 

of  the  hepatic     This  artery  furnishes  branches 

to  the  inferior  part  of  the  oesophagus,  the  cardiac 

orifice,  the  great  cul-de-sac,  the  middle  part  of 

maoh,  the  lesser  omentum,  and  anasto- 

.vi:h  the  other  arteries  of  those  organs. 

\  lry  LlG  INERT  of  the  liver  is  a  reflection 

of  the  peritoneum,  which  Burrounds  the  posterior 

margin  of  the  liver.     The  same  term  is  likewise 

i  to  ligaments  which  unite  the  radius  and 

ui  it  a. 

\  \i:v  Pi  BIU8  of  the  IIf.art.     The  ante- 
rior and  posterior  coronary  plexuses  of  the  heart 
ived   from   the  anterior  and  posterior  car- 

•    .     3ee  Cardiac  Plexus. 
>NABY    Plbxds    or    Tin:    STOMACH.      This 
is  given  oil' from  the  upper  part 
of  the  solar  pi.  ZU8. 

SARY  SlNUS  of  tue  ITfart.  Sinus,  coro- 
nary, veil' ais  —  c.  Sinus  of  Ridley,  Sinus  corona- 
rius. 

iNARY  TENDONS,  Ten'dines  corona' ria. 
The  fibro-cartilaginous  rings  at  the  orifices  of  the 
and  aorta. 
•NARY  Vein  or  THE  Stomach,  Vena  Coro- 
ma'ria  Ventric'uli,  accompanies  the  artery,  and 
terminates  in  the  vena  porta.  Sommering,  and 
Some  Other  anatomists,  call  all  the  four  arteries 
of  the  -  rona'n'cB  Stomach'icaj, 

COROXCIOX,  Coreoncion. 

CORO'NE,  from  opuvn,  '  a  crow.'  The  coro- 
noid  process  of  the  lower  jaw. 

O'R'OXOID,  CoronoVdes,  from  Kopwvrj,  'a 
crow.'  and  uios,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling the  beak  of  a  crow.  The  name  has 
been  given  to  two  processes.  One,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  Buperior  part  of  the  ramus  of  the  os 
maxillare  inferius.  and  affording  attachment  to 
the  temporal  muscles:  the  other,  called,  also, 
thorp  process,  situate  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
ulna,  anterior  to  the  great  sigmoid  fossa,  and 
forming  a  part  of  the  hinge  of  the  elbow-joint 

CORONOPODIUM,  Plantago  eoronopus. 

CORONOPDS,  Cochlearia  eoronopus  —  c.  De- 
ilearia  eoronopus — c.  Ruellii,  Coch- 
learia eoronopus  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Cochlearia  coro- 

'rTA.  Coretomia, 
CORP,  Cadaver. 

CORPORA,  see  Corpus  —  c.  Albicantia,  Mam- 
millary  tubercles. 

ORA   Amyla'cea,   Corpus'cula  amyta'eeo, 

■r  Am'yloid  bodies,  Starch  ror'piucles, 

\   name  given   by  Vircbow   to 

bodies  of  microscopic  size,  found  chiefly 

human  brain  and  spinal   marrow  —  in  the 

utriculorum  ami  it--  prolongations  — 

mingled  with  the  proper  nerve   elements;   and 

of  the  chemical  characters  of  cellu- 

r.  v   AranTTI,   Xoduli   Arantii,  Tuhercula 
A. — c  Bigemina,  Quadrigemina  corpora — e.  Can- 
licantia   corpora,  Mammillary  tuber- 
:  nous  bodies — 0.  1 

'ORA     FiMBRIA'tA, 

iated  urfriugt  <l  bodies,    I'.    ( 'orps  Frangis 

"  mdelettesd  Lmmon,  Ban- 

■'■  VHippocampi .    The  thin,  flattened,  and 

band,  situat 

<>f  the  conm  ammonis,  which   is  a  continuation 

rior  crura  of  the  fornix. 

ula'i  \.     P.  ■  inieulis, 

millis.      Eminences  situate  at  the  lower 

aud  outer  part  of  the  optic  thalami.     Each  optic 


tract  commences  at  the  corp'us  yenicula' turn  ex- 
tern'utn.  Th  enicula'tum  intern' um  ia 
merely  a  tubercle  inserted  into  the  bend  or  knee, 
formed  by  the  corpus  gcniculatuin  externum. 

Corpora  Globosa  Ci  rvk  a 
glandules — c.  Lutea,  see  Corpus  luteum. 

Corpora  Malpighia'na,  Malpig'hian  Bodies, 
Ac"ini,  Cor'ptiscles  "Y  Glom'erules  of  ifalpig'hi, 
Qlowier'xili  n  na'U  s,  Corpus'cula  italpig'hii. 
tered  through  the  plexus  formed  by  the  blood- 
and  uriniferoos  tubes  in  the  kidney,  a 
number  of  small  dark  points  may  he  Been  with 
the  naked  eye.  which  received  their  nam.'  from 
Malpighi,  their  describer.  Each  of  these,  under 
the  microscope,  is  found  to  consist  of  a  convo- 
luted mass  of  bio  I,  which  constitutes 
the  true  glandule,  corpuscle,  or  glomeruli  of  Mal- 
pighi. It  was  at  one  time  BUpposed  that  the 
tubuli  uriniferi  originate  in  them;  hut  this  does 
not  appear  to  be  the  case.  Their  use  is  not  posi- 
tively known,  but  as  they  have  been  traced  by 
Mr.  Bowman  into  the  commencement  of  the  uri- 
nary  tubes,   in  which   they  lie  uncovered,   it  has 

ipposed  that  their  office  may  be  ' 
rate  the  watery  portions  of  the  blood  to  be  mixed 
with  the  proper  urinous  matter. 

Corpora  Mammii.i.aria.  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles—  c.  Nervio-spongiosa  Penis,  Corpora  caver- 
nosa— c.  Nervosa,  Corpora  cavernosa. 

Corpora  Oi.iva'ria,  C.ova'ta,Eminen'tia  Oli- 
va'res  seu  ova'leslatera'les,  Oli'vce,  Prominentia 
Semiova'les  Medull'a  Oblonga'ta,  {Eminences  li- 
terates, Ch.)  Oblong,  whitish  eminences,  situate 
at  the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
exterior  to  the  corpora  pyramidalia. 

Corfora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria — c.  Pisifor- 
mia.  Mammillary  tuhercles. 

Corpora  Pyramida'lia,  Eminen'tiai  pi/rami- 
ii  ni<  (I in' n(p  inter' not,  Pyra'mides,  (F.) 
Corps  pyramidaux,  Pyramides  antirieures  (Call), 
Eminences  pyramidales  (Ch.)  Two  medullary 
bundles,  placed  on  either  side  of  the  anterior  fis- 
sure. These  bodies  have  also  been  called  Cor- 
pora Pyramidalia  anti'ca,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  C.  olivaria,  which  have  been  called 
Corpora  Pyramidalia  latera'lia. 

Over  a  space,  commencing  8  or  10  linos  below 

the  pons  and  extending  to  the  lower  end  of  the 

medulla   oblongata,   a  portion   of   each    pyramid 

-  to  the  opposite  side — decussation  of  the 

pyramids,  I><  cussa'tio  pyram'idum. 

Corpora  Pyramidalia  Postbriora,  see  Cor- 
pora restiformia — c.  Pyramidalia  testis,  Coni  vas- 
culosi  -  c.  Quadrigemina,  Q.  corpora. 

Corpora  Restipor'mia,  Crura  sen  Pedun'culi 
medul'la  oblonga'ttB,  Corpora  pyramidalia  pos- 
terio'ra,  Proees'sus  d  cerebelVo  ml  medull'am  ob- 
longa'tam,  Posterior  pyramids,  Ped'uncles  of  the 
medul'la  oblonga'ta,  Inferior  peduncles  of  the 
cerebellum,  (Y.)  Corps  restiformes,  Cuisses  pos- 
tirieures,  Pyramides  postSrieures,  Racines,  Braa 
ou  Jambes  <1n  cervelet,  Pttites  branches  do  In 
motile  allongie,  Pidoneules  <ln  cervelet.  Two 
medullary  projections,  oblong,  ami  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  which  proceed  from  each  side  of  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  and 
contribute  to  the  formation  of  the  cerebellum. 
The  posterior  pyramids  —  fascic'uli  gra" cites — 
arc  described  a-  distinct  from  the  restifbrm  bodies. 
They  arc  situate  in  contact  with  each  other,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  posterior  median  fissure.  They 
become  closely  applied  to  the  restiform  bodies, 
and  have  been  considered  to  be  blended  with 
them,  and  to  proceed  to  form  the  cerebellum. 
According  to  some,  they  ascend  to  the  cerebrum. 

Corpora  Btria'ta,  Grand  ganglion  tupirieur 
■  in  eerveau  (Gall),  Couches  des  nerfs  ethmoidaur, 
Corps  >  i  C  tl lie'- 

uli  Nervi  Ethmoida'lis,  Ap'ices  Crurum  medul'la 


CORPS 


246 


CORPUS    MUCOSUM 


oblonrja'tce,  Gan'glion  cer'ebi  ante'rius,  Anterior 
cerebral  ganglion,  (F.)  Corps  stries.  Pyriforin 
eminences  of  a  slightly  brownish-gray  colour, 
■which  form  part  of  the  floor  of  the  lateral  ventri- 
cles of  the  brain.  When  cut,  a  mixture  of  gray 
and  white  substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter- 
nately, to  which  they  owe  their  name.  The  tract 
of  fibres  that  ascends  from  the  anterior  pyramids 
passes  chiefly  into  them.  Willis  considered  that 
the  soul  resided  there. 

Corpora  Striata  Superna  Posteriora,  Tha- 
lami  nervorum  opticorum  —  c.  Triticea,  see  Hy- 
oides   os — c.  Wolfliana,  see  Corpus  Wolffianum. 

CORPS,  Body — c.  Bordes,  Corpora  fimbriata 
— c.  Calleux,  Corpus  callosum — e.  Canneles,  Cor- 
pora striata  —  c.  Caverneux,  Corpora  cavernosa — 
c.  Cendre,  Corpus  dentatum — c.  Ciliaire,  Corpus 
dentatum  —  c.  Dentele,  Corpus  dentatum  —  e. 
Stranger,  Extraneous  body — c.  Festonne,  Corpus 
dentatum. 

CORPS  FIBREUX,  Corpora  Fibro'sa.  Bayle 
has  given  this  name  to  adventitious  fibrous  pro- 
ductions of  a  round  shape,  more  or  less  adherent, 
and  sometimes  having  a  pedicle,  which  form  in 
certain  parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  uterus. 

CORPS  FOLLICULAIRE  V AGIN  ALE, 
Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — c.  F ranges,  Cor- 
pora fimbriata  —  c.  Genicules,  Corpora  genicu- 
lata—  c.  Genouilles,  Corpora  geniculata  —  c. 
Godronne,  Fascia  dentata  —  c.  Humain,  see 
Body — c.  Hyalo'ide,  Corpus  vitreum — c.  d'LTyg- 
more  ou  d'Highmore,  Corpus  Highmori — c.  Jaune, 
Corpus  luteum — c.  Muqueux,  Corpus  mucosum — 
c.  d'Oken,  Corpus  Wolffianum — c.  Organises,  Or- 
ganized bodies  —  c.  Pampini/orme,  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme — e.  Phacoide,  Crystalline — c.  Pyrami- 
daux,  Corpora  pyramidalia — c.  Restiformes,  Cor- 
pora restiformia — c.  Rhombo'ide,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Stries,  Corpora  striata — e.  Thyroide,  Thyroid 
gland  —  c.  Variciforme,  Epididymis  —  c.  Vari- 
qtteux,  Corpus  pampiniforme,  Epididymis  —  c. 
Vitre,  Corpus  vitreum  —  c.  de  Wolff,  Corpus 
Wolffianum. 

CORPSE,  Cadaver. 

CORP'ULENT,  Coiyulen'tus,  Obe'sus,  Crassus, 
Fat,  Fleshy,  (Sc.)  Corssy,  (Prov.)  Sobby ;  from 
corpus,  'the  body,'  and  lentus,  'thick.'  Having 
an  unusual  development  of  fat  or  flesh  in  propor- 
tion to  the  frame  of  the  body. 

CORPULEN'TIA,  Cor'pulence,  is  synonymous 
with  Obesity  and  Pulysarcia. 

Corpulextia  Carxosa,  Torositas. 
CORPUS,  Soma,  a  Body.  Any  object  which 
strikes  one  or  more  of  our  senses.  Gases,  liquids, 
metals,  vegetables,  animals,  are  so  many  bodies. 
Natural  bodies  have  been  divided  into  animal, 
vegetable,  and  mineral;  or  into  inorganic,  includ- 
ing the  mineral  kingdom;  and  organised,  includ- 
ing the  animal  and  vegetable.  The  chief  differ- 
ences between  organized  and  inorganic  bodies 
consists  in  the  former  having  an  origin  by  gene- 
ration, growth  by  nutrition,  and  termination  by 
death ;  the  latter  a  fortuitous  origin,  external 
growth,  and  a  termination  by  chemical  or  mecha- 
nical force. 

Many  parts  of  the  frame  have,  also,  been  dis- 
tinguished by  this  name,  as  Corpus  Callosum,  C. 
Jfucosum,  &c.     See  Body. 

Corpus  Adexiforme,  Prostate — c.  Adenoides, 
Prostate  —  c.  Adiposura,  Pinguedo  —  c.  Alienum, 
Extraneous — c.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii. 

Corpus  Callo'sum,  Commisau'ra  Magna  seu 
max'ima  cer'ebri,  Trabs  Jfedulla'ris  seu  Cer'ebri, 
Trabec'ula  seu  Cop' u  la  magna  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Corps 
Calleux,  Voute  medullaire,  Plafond  des  ventri- 
cu'es  du  eerveau,  Jlesolobe  (Ch.)  A  white,  me- 
dullary band,  perceived  on  separating  the  two 
hemispheres  of  the  brain,  which  it  connects  with 


each  other.  La  Peyronie  regarded  it  as  the  seat 
of  the  soul.  On  it  are  seen  longitudinal  and 
transverse  fibres — Stria  longitudina'les  Lancis'ii, 
(see  Raphe,)  and  Stria  seu  Chor'da?  transfer' 'salts 
Willis'ii,  The  anterior  portion,  which  bends 
downwards,  is  termed  genu  ;  the  posterior  flexure, 
sple'nium,  tuber,  (F.),  bourrelet.  The  fibres  which 
curve  backwards  into  the  posterior  lobes  from 
the  posterior  border  of  the  corpus  callosum,  have 
been  termed  Forceps ;  those  which  pass  directly 
outwards  into  the  middle  lobes  from  the  same 
point,  Tap>e'tnm ;  and  those  which  curve  for- 
wards and  inwards  from  the  anterior  border  to 
the  anterior  lobe,  forceps  anterior. 

Corpws  Ciliare,  Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  denta- 
tum, see  Ciliary — c.  Cinereum,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Conoides,  Pineal  gland  —  c.  Crystallo'ides, 
Crystalline. 

Corpus  Dexta'tum,  C.  Denticula'tum  seu  Cili- 
a're,  (F.)  Corps  dentele  ou  festonne.  A  central, 
oval  nucleus,  of  cineritious  substance,  met  with 
in  the  cerebellum ;  the  circumference  of  which 
exhibits  a  number  of  indentations,  surrounded  by 
medullary  substance. — Yicq  d'Azyr.  It  is  seen 
by  dividing  the  cerebellum  vertically  into  two 
equal  parts.  —  The  same  body  has  been  called 
Corps  cendre  ou  ciliaire  ou  rhombo'ide,  Corpus 
Cine'reum  seu  Rhombotdeum  seu  Rhombo'ida'le, 
Ganglion  du  cervelet,  Noyau  central  des  Pedon- 
cules  du  cervelet,  Nucleus  dentatus  seu  fimbria' t us 
seu  centra'lis  seu  rhomboida'lis,  Substa>i'tia  rhom- 
bo'idea,  Gan'glion  cilia' re,  G.  cerebelli.  The 
term  Corpus  dentatum,  Nu'cleus  oli'vee,  is  also 
given  to  the  ganglion  of  the  corpus  olivare,  which, 
like  that  of  the  cerebellum,  is  a  yellowish-gray 
dentated  capsule,  open  behind,  and  containing 
medullary  matter,  from  which  a  fasciculus  of 
fibres  proceeds  upwards  to  the  corpora  quadri- 
gemina  and  thalami  optici. 

Corpus  Denticulatum,  c.  Dentatum  —  c.  Dis- 
coides,  Crystalline  —  c.  Externum,  Extraneous 
body  —  c.  Extraneum,  Extraneous  body  —  c.  Ge- 
niculatum,  see  Corpora  Geniculata  —  c.  Glandi- 
forme,  Prostate  —  c.  Glandosum,  Prostate  —  c. 
Glandulosum,  Prostate. 

Corpus  Gland oxo'sum  Mulie'rum,  Gland' uIgb 
Pros' tat(B  mulie'rum.  A  vascular  spongy  emi- 
nence, which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the  urethra, 
and  projects  at  its  under  part. 

Corpus  HiGHjro'Ri,  C.  Highmoria'num,  Jlecli- 
asti'num  testis,  Mea'tus  semina'rius,  (F.)  Corps 
d'Hygmore  ou  d'Highmore,  Sinus  des  Vaisseaux 
seminiferes,  (Ch.)  An  oblong  eminence,  along 
the  superior  edge  of  the  testicle,  which  seems 
formed  of  a  reflection  of  the  tunica  albuginea, 
through  which  the  principal  trunks  of  the  semi- 
niferous vessels  pass  before  they  reach  the  epidi- 
dymis. 

Corpus  Ixcomprehexsibile,  Thymus. 
Corpus  Lu'teum,  (F.)  Corps  jaune,  'yellow 
body.'  A  small  yellowish  body,  perceived  in  the 
ovarium,  and  left  after  the  rupture  of  one  of  the 
vesicles.  It  was,  for  a  long  time,  considered  an 
evidence  of  previous  impregnation ;  but  Corpora 
lutea  are  met  with  in  unquestionable  virgins ; 
although  the  corpora  lutea  of  virgins  have  been 
generally  regarded  to  differ  materially,  in  size 
and  character,  from  those  of  impregnation,  which 
have  been  called  true  corpora  lutea  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  other,  called  false  corpora  lutea. 

Corpus  Muco'sum,  C.  reticula're,  Rete  muco'- 
sum,  Jfucus  seu  Rete  seu  Stratum  Malpig' hi i,  Re- 
ticulum cuta'neum  seu  muco'sum,  Mesoderm' um} 
3Iucous  web,  (F.)  Corps  muqueux,  Couche  de  Mat* 
pighi.  The  second  layer  of  the  skin  has  been  so 
called.  It  is  situate  between  the  cutis  vera  and 
cuticle,  and  gives  colour  to  the  body.  In  the 
white  varieties  of  our  species  it  is  colourless  ;  in 
the  negro,  black.     By  most  anatomists  the  exist- 


CORPUSCLES,    BLOOD 


•j ; 


CORROBORANT 


ence  of  such  a  layer,  distinct  from  the  epidermis,  Kurperchcn.)     Small    bodies    connected 

is  denied.  the  oataneous  nervei  of  the  palm  and  sole.     They 

■  rs  Okense.  Corpus  Wolffianum.  liave  also  teen  found  sparingly  and  inconstantly 

Ml,    from    pampinut,    'a  in  nerves   at   the  wrist   and  elbow  ;   in   the  upper 

tendril.1  ,rn,nidn'[.\  11.  h-  arm.  fore-arm,  and  thigh,  and  inter-costal  nerve, 

pampiniform  ral  plexus,  solar  plexus  and  the  | 

pampiniformit,  (F.)  adjacent  to  it.     In  each  corpuscle  there  is  the  ter- 

.   Variqoeux.    The  plexus  mination  of  a  nervous  filament.     Their  oi 

or  retiform  arrangement  of  the  spermatic  arteries  not  known, 
and  veins  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,  anterior        Corpuscles  of  PunmuB,  see  Canaliculus— c. 


is  muscle. 
-  Papilla  si,  Textut  Papilla' rU,  Oorpmt 

■  re.      The  nervous  and   va.-cular  papillSB 
situate  beneath  the  epidermis,  called  by  Bresehet 

Corpus  Phacoidbs,  Crystalline— e.  Pituitare, 
Pituitary  gland  —  c.  Psalloides,  Lyra — c  Pyra- 

midale.  Corpus  pampiniforme — c.  1U  ticulai 
].u<  nni  is  Papillare — c.  Ehomboidale, 

dentatum — c  Rhomboideum,  Corpus  den- 
tatum— c.  Thymiamum,  Thymus — c.  Thymicum, 
Thymus  —  c.  Thyreoideum,  Thyroid  gland  —  o. 
Turbinatnm,  Pineal  gland — c.  Varicosum,  Corpus 
pampiniforme,  Spermatic  cord  —  c.  Varicosum 
..mis. 

rtiRM,    Substan'tia 

tpongio'*a  ure'thra.     This  substance  arises  before 

gland,  surrounds   the  urethra,  and 

farms  the  bulb.     It  then  proceeds  to  the  end  of 

pora    cavernosa,    and    terminates    in    the 


Pus — c.  Pyoid,  see  l'us — o.  S 
Spleen — o.  Starch.  Corpora  amylaeea — c.  Tactih  . 
Corpuscula  taotus  —  c  Touch,  Corpuscula  tactu- 
Vater,  C   Pacinian  —  c.  Weberian,   see 
Kjaculatory  Dmts — c.  White,  I 
blood — c.  White  granulated,  see  Globulin. 

CORPUSCl  I- A  Ai:.\.\  ill.  Tub  real  i 
Sigmoid  valves  —  c.  Glandularum  similia  intesti- 
norum,   Peyeri  glandalse  —  c.   Clobosa  cerrici* 
uteri.  Nabothi  glandula?. 

Corpuscula    Laism.  'ii.      Fibroid    granula- 
tions, occasionally  observed  on  thickened  | 
of  the  perioardium. 

Cobpusci  la  M.vi.i'K;  11  n.  Corpora  Malpighiana 
—  c.  Ossium,  see  Lacunaa  of  bone — c.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blond  —  c.  Seminia,  Sperm 
loid  valves. 

CORPUBCULA  T ACTUS,    Tactile  or  Touch  I 
cles,  (F.)  Corpusvulea  ilu  tact,    Axilt  bodu    . 
Axon   Kb  r  per.    Bodies,  coin ; 


glans   penis,   which   it  forms.      Kobelt    describes,      tally  laminated  mass  of  areolar  tissue,  which  are 


in  the  female,  as  the  analogue  to  the  cor]  1 
gjosum   of  the   male,  a  venous   plexus,  which,  as 
it  lies  between   the  glans  clitoridis.  and  the  part 
that  corresponds,  in  the  male,  to  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  be  terms  pan  intermedia,  (F.)  Reseau 

Corpus  Striatum,  see  Corpora  striata — c.  Tri- 
1  Irinary  Bladder. 

•  ^    Vit'rbi  k,    Humor    Vitreus  seu  Hya- 

.  Gloria' Hi  humor.    Vitreous 

,<(  ocula'rie,  (F.)  Corp*  tritrf  ousyo- 

r  hyaldide.     The  transparent  mass, 

I   Latinous  consistence,  which  fills  the  eve, 

behind  the  crystalline.     It  is  contained  in  cells, 

formed  by  the  tunica  hyaloia 

Oken'si,    Wolffian 

At  a  very 

early  period  of  foetal  formation,  bodies  are  per- 

.  which   were  first  described  by  Wolff,  as 

_-    in    the    fowl,  and   in    the   mammalia  by 

Oken.     According  to   Miiller.  they  disappear   in 

man    v  10   that   but   slight  remains  of 

rceptible  after  the  9th  or  10th  week 

peg     n  of  the  kid- 

1  renal  capsules,  which  are  formed   after- 

:    and  they  are   presumed   to   be  the  organs 

of  urinary   secretion   during  the   first  periods  of 

nee. 

LPUSCLES,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the  blood  | 

ins  of  Bone — 0.  Caad  . 

.  see  Chyle. 

~.    Bxuda'tioit.      The   organixahle 

,     ,  fibrinous  fluids,  which  are  the 

:  the  new  tissues  formed  from  such  fluids. 

9,     GrAitei  Neurine —  c 

e.  Lymph,  see   Lymph  —  c. 

ra  Malpighiana  —  c.  Mucous, 
irine  —  c.  < H 
me. 
s,    Pa<  nr'i  w.     i  uUs  de  ! 

)  .  from  Filippo  Pacini,  an   Italian 

I  an,   who,   it    is    generally    conceived,   first 


found  in  the  papillae  of  parts  endowed  witii  great 
tactile  sensibility.  The  nerves  of  touch  communi- 
cate with  them,  and  their  function  is  probably  to 
render  the  sense  more  acute. 

Corpuscula  Triticba,  see  Eyoides,  os  —  c. 
Weberiana,  see  Ejaoalatory  Ducts. 

CORPDS'CULAR,  Corpuscula' rie.  Relating 
to,  or  containing,  corpuscles,  as  corputeular  fibrin. 
Fibrin  which  tends  to  disintegration,  and  consists 
of  grannies  in  considerable  proportion. 

CORPUSCULES  CALCAIRES,  Lacunas  of 
;  bone — c.  Noire,  Lacuna?  of  bone — < . 
eunaa  of  bone — c  Ramifies,  Lacuna  of  bona. 

LPUSCULTJM  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — c.  Conicum  llosenmiilleri,  Parovarium — 
c.  Sesamoideum,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

CORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

CORRE,  Corse,  from  >cupu>, '  I  shave.'  [?]  The 
temples  or  the  part  of  the  jaws,  which  it  is  usual 
to  share. — Oorraeus. 

IRECTIF,  Corrigeni 

CORRECTION.  Corroc'tio,  from  enrrioere, 
(eon   and   r\ gt  rr,   rectus*,   'to   rule  or   ord 
correct.'     The  act  of  correcting  9;  that 

is,  of  diminishing  their  energy  or  obviating  un- 
I  effects,  by  mixing  them  with  substances 
which  mitigate  their  operation. 

C0RRECT0RIU8,  Corrfgens. 
IRELATIOV  rgy. 

CORRI6EEN  MOSS,  Puens  erispns. 

COR'RIGENT,  1 

tymon. 
•'.  That  which  corrects.  A  oorri- 
gent,  in  a  pharmaceutical  formula,  is  a  substance 
added  to  a  medicine  to  mollify  or  modify  it<  ac- 
tion. In  the  following  formula,  J,  if  not 
BOrreeted,  might  induce  tormina.  The  Oleum 
Mentha;  is  added  as  a  coir 

R  3J 

Old  Mentha  gtt.  v 

Si/rnp  q.  s.  tit  flout  PH nice  \\  ] 

CORRIlP'IA.      Akin     to     eoritrm,    'leather.' 


i    them   in    1830.  lathern    straps.      By    extension,    the    term    has 

depicted  in  17  11  by  Lehmann,  from  been  applied  to  the  tend,  ds  and  ligan 

iration  by  A.  Vater,  who  called  them  Pa-  CORROB'ORANT,     Corrok                      rrob'- 

•1  J  p..  orame,    Corroborate vus,    Rob'orans,    Bfuscula'rut, 

|                                                   ill  them  Vatsfrian  /:                                                'ng,  from  eorrobo- 

j  fi.-1-a  of  Voter  (Vater'aehe  rare, (eon, and rodar,  'strength/)  'to strengthen.' 


CORROBORAXTIA 


CORYBAXTIASM 


(F.)    Corroborant,   Corroboratif.  Fortijiant.     Any 
substance    which    strengthens    and    gives   tone. 
Wine,  for  example,  is  a  corroborant.     See  Tonic. 
CORROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 
COR  UOli  OR  A  TIF,  Corroborant. 
CORROBORATIVE,  Corroborant. 
COR II 01) A  AT,  Corrosive. 
CORRODKNS,  Corrosive. 
CORROSIF,  Corrosive. 

CORRO'SION,  Corro'sio,  Diabro'sis,  Anabro'- 
sis,  Ero'sio,  from  con,  and  rodere,  rosum,  '  to 
gnaw.'  The  action  or  effect  of  corrosive  sub- 
stances. 

CORRO'SIYE,  Corro'dens,  Biabrot'icus,  Cor- 
rosS'vus,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Corroeif,  Gorrodant. 
Corrosives  are  substances,  which,  when  placed  in 
contact  with  living  parts,  gradually  disorganize 
them.  Caustic  alkalies,  Mineral  acids,  Corrosive 
sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They  act  either  di- 
rectly, by  chemically  destroying  the  part,  —  or 
indirectly,  by  causing  inflammation  and  gangrene. 
Corrosive  Poison,  see  Poison. 
CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation  —  c.  Cutis, 
Wrinkle. 

CORRUGA'TIOX,  Corruga'tio,  Synas'rema, 
from  con,  and  ruga,  'a  wrinkle.'  Wrinkling, 
Frowning,  (F.)  Froncement ;  the  contraction  of 
the  Corrugato'rea  Super cil'ii  muscles.  Corruga- 
tion of  the  skin  is  often  owing  to  the  application 
of  styptic  medicines  :  it  is  rendered  by  them  un- 
equal and  rugous. 

CORRUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

Cop.ruga'tor  Supercil'ii.  from  compare,  'to 
wrinkle:'  same  etymon.  Mas' cuius  supercil'ii 
seufronta'lis  verus  seu  Corruga'tor  Coite'rii,  Su- 
percilia'ris,  (F.)  Cutanco-sourcilier,  Muscle  Sour- 
cilier  ou  Surcilier,  M.  Fronto-Sourcilier.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  eyebrows.  It  is  attached, 
by  its  inner  extremity,  to  the  superciliary  ridge, 
and  is  confounded,  externally,  with  the  oceipito- 
frontalis  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  It  carries 
the  eyebrow  inwards,  and  wrinkles  the  skin  of 
the  forehead. 

CORRUP'TIOX,  Oorrtip'tio,  Phthora,  DiapV- 
thora,  from  corrumpere,  corruptum,  (con,  and 
rumpere,  '  to  break.)  '  to  destroy.'  Act  of  cor- 
rupting. State  of  being  corrupted.  Reaction  of 
the  particles  of  a  body  upon  each  other.  It  is 
probable  that  something  like  corruption  may  take 
place  even  in  the  living  body.  The  word  is  used, 
at  times,  like  Boue  with  the  French,  in  a  vague 
manner  for  a  state  of  puriform,  putrid,  or  other 
breaking  down  of  parts  or  humours.  'To  spit 
corruption,'  is  a  vulgar  expression. 
CORSE,  Cadaver,  Corre. 

CORSET,  from  Corse,  (F.)  corps,  'the  body.' 
Stethodesm'ium,  Stethodesm'is,  Stethodesm'us,  Tu'- 
nica  TItora'cis,  Thorax,  Pectora'le.  An  article 
of  dress,  which  closely  embraces  the  trunk,  and 
is  much  used  by  females  in  civilized  countries. 
When  corsets  or  stays  are  worn  very  tight,  many 
serious  evils  result  from  the  unnatural  compression. 
Different  bandages,  more  or  less  complicated, 
which  embrace  the  greater  part  of  the  trunk,  are 
likewise  so  called. 

An  orthopedic  corset  is  one  intended  to  obviate 
deviation  of  the  stature. 

CORSET  DE  BR  AS  DOR.     The   name  of  a 
bandage  invented  by  one  Brasdor,  to  keep  in  situ 
the  fragments  of  a  fractured  clavicle. 
CORSSY,  Corpulent. 
CORTALOX.  Senecio. 

CORTEX,  Phloios,  Phloos,  Phlous,  Lemma, 
Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce.  This  word  has  often  been 
applied  exclusively  to  Cinchona:  thus,  we  say 
Bark — the  cortex  or  bark,  tear'  c^o^rjv.  It  means, 
also,  any  bark. 

Cortex  Adstrixg"exs  Brasilien'sis.   An  as- 


tringent bark  introduced  from  Brazil  into  Ger- 
many in  the  year  1S28.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained 
from  Mimo'sa  cochleacarp'a  seu  virgina'lis.  It 
1  has  been  used  with  advantage  in  all  cases  in 
I  which  astringent  barks  in  general  are  indicated. 
Dose  of  the  powder  J^j  to  3*s. 

Cortex  Alcom oco,  AUsomoque  —  c.  Anisi  stel- 
lati,  see  Illicium  auisatum —  c.  Antiscorbuticus, 
Canella  alba  —  c.  Aromaticus,  Canella  alba — c. 
Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  c.  Canella?  Ma- 
labaricae,  Lauras  cassia — c.  Cardinalis  del  Lugo, 
Cinchona — c.  Caryo]  hyllatus,  see  Myrtufi  caryo- 
pbyllata — c.  Caryophylloides,  Lauras  culilawan. 

Cortex  Cer'ebri.  The  Cor'tical,  Cinerit"iousi 
Yesic'ular  or  Gray  substance  of  the  Brain.  The 
gray  portion  observed  at  the  exterior  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum  ;  so  called  because  it  forms 
a  kind  of  bark  to  the  medullary  substance.  Gall 
considers,  that  this  substance  forms  the  nerves; 
and  therefore  calls  it  Substance  matrice  des  Serfs. 

The  name  cortical  is  likewise  given  to  the  ex- 
ternal substance  of  the  kidneys,  because  it  is  of 
a  deeper  colour  than  the  inner  part  of  the  organ, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  envelope  to  it. 

Cortex  Chacarill^e,  Croton  Cascarilla — 
c.  Chinaj,  Cinchona  —  c.  Chinae  flavus,  Cinchonas 
cordifolia?  cortex — c.  Chinae  luteus,  Cinchonae  cor- 
difolia?  cortex — c.  China;  regius,  Cinchonas  cordi- 
foliae  cortex — c.  Crassior,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Culi- 
laban,  see  Laurus  Culilawan  —  c.  Culilawan, 
Laurus  Culilawan  —  c.  Eleutheria1,  Croton  casca- 
rilla— c.  Flavus,  Cinchonae  eordifolias  cortex — c. 
Lavola,  see  Illicium  anisatum — c.  Magellanicus, 
see  Wintera  aroinatica. 

Cortex  Ovi,  Cor'tical  membrane.  This  mem- 
brane, so  called  by  Boer  and  Granville,  is  usually 
regarded  as  a  uterine  production,  and  designated 
Decid'ud  rejlex'a.  They  consider  it  to  surround 
the  ovule,  when  it  descends  into  the  uterus,  and 
to  enclose  the  shaggy  chorion.  It  is  absorbed 
during  the  first  months  of  utero-gestation,  so  as 
to  expose  the  next  membrane  to  the  contact  of 
!  the  decidua,  with  which  a  connexion  takes  place 
at  the  part  where  the  placenta  is  to  be  formed. 
I  In  that  part,  Buer  and  Granville  consider,  that 
j  the  Cortex  Ovi  is  never  altogether  obliterated, 
but  only  made  thinner,  and  in  process  of  time  is 
converted  into  a  mere  pellicle  or  envelope,  which 
not  only  serves  to  divide  the  filiform  vessels  of 
the  chorion  into  groups  or  cotyledons,  in  order 
to  form  the  placenta,  but  also  covers  those  coty«- 
leclons.  This,  Dr.  Granville  calls  membra' na  pro'- 
jjria.     See  Decidua  membrana. 

Cortex  Pallidtjs,  Cinchonae  lancifolias  cortex 

— c.  Patrum,  Cinchona — c.  Peruvianas,  Cinchona 

—  c.     Profluvii,    Xerium     antidysentericum  —  c. 

Ruber,  Cinchonae  oblongifoliae  cortex — c.  Striata 

j|  dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth — c.  Thuris,  Croton 

!  cascarilla  —  c.  Winteranus,  see  Wintera  aromati- 

I  cum — c.  Winteranus  spurius,  Canella  alba. 

COR'TICAL,  Cortica'lis;  from  cortex,  'bark.' 
]!  Belonging  to  bark. 

Cortical  Matter  of  the  Braix,  Cortex  Cere- 
bri— c.  Membrane,  Cortex  Ovi  — c.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney  —  c.  Substance  of  the 
Teeth,  see  Tooth. 

CORTUSA  AMERICANA,  Heuchera  cortusa. 

CORU.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark  of  whose 
root  furnishes  a  milky  juice,  which  is  employed 
in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  also  called 
Com  Canar'ica. 

CORUSCATIO,  Astrape. 

CORVISARTIA  HELEXIOI,  Inula  hele- 
nium. 

CORYBAX'TIASM.  Corybiantias'mus,  Cory, 
bantis'mus,  from  Kopvfias,  one  of  the  Corybantes. 
A  name  formerly  given  to  a  kind  of  frenzy,  in 
which  the  sick  were  tormented  by  fantastic  vi- 
sions, and  perpetual  want  of  sleep. 


COHYDALIS    BULBOSA 


'240 


COSTO-XIPIIOID 


COir.  :  amaria  bull 

atra   Canadensis  —  e.   Cava, 
Famari  i  ■.  Tuberoea,  Fumaria  b 

helmet,'  from  the 
involu  ..ma. 

't/lu*,  Bnndurh, 
A  .    Caryd'ion,   The  Hazel-nut    Ti ■•    . 

Oondri  •    AllHlllac  . 

;:  nut,  —  Filbi 

Of  this  tree 
is  much  eaten  in  many  countries.     Like  all  nuts, 
it  is  by  do  means  easy  of  digestion.     It  is  the 
jv  IIidvtikov,  of  the  ancients. 
Con  .  An   in- 

'  •/.  Amentaeese ;  Sub-or- 
Doacia  Polyandria  ; 
the  nut  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a  ooriaceous 
ami  scaly  involucre,  terminating  in  a  tube  eo- 
ith  short  and  thick  bristles.    These  bristles 
have  been  given  as  an  anthelmintic  in  the  same 
-  mucuna. 
..  Uedera  helix. 
SE,  Penis. 

ae,    Vertex — c.    Cordis,    see 
Ituero. 

.    Bhini'tis,   Catastatfmos, 
Millie  !il' in m  Na'rium,  Phlegma- 
\ie,Blennorrhin'iaf 
Naret    sen    nasa'lis, 
x'lis:  vulgarly,  •  run- 
ning •        /   in   the  I 
Snurle,  in   French,   Rhume  d*  .    Catarrhe 
.-  in  old  English,  Pose  or 
Jfttr  :  whence  Murrtn  and  Murrain  ;  from  Kopv>, 
..  'the  head,'  and  £su>,  '  I  boil.'     Inflamma- 
tion, attended  with   increased  discharge,  of  the 
Lerian  membrane  lining  the  nose,  and  the 
sinuses   communicating  with   it.     The    affection 
generally  subsides  without  any  medical  treatment. 
no    eoryta   is   termed,   also,    Ozce'nu   be- 
■ 
■A  E.NTovir.v,  Osasna — e.  Maligna,  Ozmna 
■na — c.  Purulenta,  Ozaena — e. 
Scarlatinosa,  Rhinoeace — c.  Ulcerosa,  Ozajua — c. 
Virulent 

[NISMUS,  Cribration. 
Cribration. 
IS.  Cosmetics. 

.1/-*     rontnet'im,     C>tUipi«'tria, 
Hique,    from     <coo-/i£w,     'I 
'  .  Mi.'      The    art    of  improving 

'ma,    IS,    aiso,    used 
for  the  different  means  employed  for  that  pur- 
pounds,  into  which  enter  the 
-   of  lead,   bismuth,   mercury,   arsenic,   etc. 
All    tfa  r,   injure    the    skin,   and    often 

give  rise  to  unpleasant  cutaneous  affection 
quent  ablution  with  cold  water,  and  bathing  are 

!  all  the 
preparations   intended   for   the   toilet,  fall,  also, 

fBT/QUE,  Cosmetics. 

metoloafia,  from  xocftciv, 
in,'  and   \oyos,   ■  .'     A   treatise 

.  and  clean''  body. 

From  Koapos,  'the  world,'  'or< 
■ier  which  was  supposed  to  presi  I 
critical  days.  Hi]  |  -  1m\  e  termed 

KOGftu:.  .    not    only    :. 

•  i i-off/jcd',  'to  adom,')  but  as  therapeutical 

\.  Haunch. 
SUM.     A  malignant  ulcer  of  the  nose, 
syphilitic  character. —  P 

.      A  BOTt  of  white.  .-Imrt,  thick 

of  wood,  <t'\. 

and  used  by  the  a  great  article  of 

b.   They  were, also, applied  to  ulcers. — 

Pliny.     The   term   has,   likewise,   been   given   to 


small  vermiform    pimples   on   the  fitce —  acno  — 
whieh  arise  from  inflammation  of  the  sebaceous. 

\  Rib, 

from  custodire,   'to  guard,'  'd 

old  French.  Coste.    The  ribs  are  24  in  number; — 

U  on  each  Bide.     They  are  irregular,  long,  bony 

curves:   slightly  flattened,    and   situate   obliquely 
at  the  sides  of  the  chest.      The  intervals  b 
them  are  called  Intercoe'tai  spaces,     P.     I 
numbered 
:oning  from  above  to  below.     They 
have  been  distinguished  into   I  .  I'lm- 

rapoph'  d,  True  rib$,  (F.)  Vraiet 

.  . 
The  true  or  sternal  rib*,  as  they  have  also  been 
called,  are  the  first  7:  which  are  articul 
one  extremity  to  the  spine,  and  at  the  otln  r.  by 
f  their  cartilages,  hamapoph'vsee  of  Owen, 
to  the  sternum.  The  false  or  short  rt'os  are  the 
remaining  5  :  the  uppermost  three  being  united, 
by  means  of  their  cartilages,  to  the  cartilage  of  the 
last  true  rib.  The  others  are  free  at  their  exter- 
nal extremity,  and,  hence,  have  been  called  Float- 
ing ribs,  Costoj  fluetuan'tes,  (F.)  C6te»  flottantes. 
The  vertebral  extremity  of  each  rib  is  slightly 
expanded.  It  is  called  the  head  of  the  rib — Oa- 
pit'uliim  Coxtce :  the  space  between  this  and  the 
tubercle  is  the  collum  or  neck.  Anterior  to  the 
tubercle  is  the  amjle — An'gulus  seu  Cu'bitm 
The  an'jlc  is  the  part  where  the  bone  bends  to 
form  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax. 

,.i:  CAPITULUJ  i-e.  Fiuctu- 

sta — c.  Bfendosse,  see  Costa — c.  Spu- 
-a — a  Verm,  see  * 
COSTAL,  Costa' lis,  from  eosia,  'a  rib.'    Apper- 
taining or  relating  to  a  rib — as  'costal  cartilage.' 
/'/:.  Costa. 
COSTIVE,  Constipated. 
COSTIVENESS,  Constipation. 
COSTMARY,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
COSTO,  from  coeta,  'a  rib.'     Iu  composition, 
relating  or  appertaining  to  a  rib. 

^TO- ABDOMINAL,  Obliquus  cxternus 
abdominis — <•.  Basiscapulaire,  Serratus  inagnus 
— c.  Clavicidaire,  Subclavian  mus< 

COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAli,     Goato-Clavictda'rit. 
ging  to  the  ribs  and  clavicle. 
-ClAVTC'dLAB     Lie'AMEXT,     I 
Ligament,  is  a  fibrous,  flattened  fascia,  wi. 

obliquely,  from  the  cartilage  of  the  first  rib 
to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  clavicle. 

ITO-CORACOYDIEft  Pectoralis  minor 
— ,-.  Seapulaire,  Serratus  magnus. 

0  STERNAL,  Costo- Sterna' lis.  Relating 
to  the  ribs  and  sternum.  The  articulation  of  the 
sternum  with  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  first 
seven  ribs. 

COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.     Relating  to  the. 
ribs  and  to  the  traehelian  or  transvi  i 
of  the  neck.     Under  the  name  Costo-tren 
ChaU88iei  designates   the  anterior  and   posterior 
aealeni. 

CO-TRANSVERS  k'RIUS.      R  slating  to 
the  ribs,  and  to  the  transverse  processes. —  Biobnt 
gave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the   I 
sities  of  the  ribs  with  the  tran 

ne. 

-  rit.V  BR'TEB  R  A  L,  Oosto-vertebra'lie. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  vertebras.— Bicbat  gave 

this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  head  of  the 
ribs  with  the  vertebra,  and  to  the  ligaments  cou- 
nceted  with  it. 

0  XI  I'll' 'lib     Costo  a  'phoVd  I  -.       The 
name  of  a  ligament,  which  unites  the  cartilage  of 
•nth  rib  to  the   xiphoid  or  ensiform   carti- 
lage. 


COSTUS 


2  50 


COUM 


COSTUS.  From  the  Arabic.  The  ancients 
seem  to  have  given  this  name  to  several  plants. 
One  has  borne  the  appellation,  since  the  time  of 
Diosoorides,  —  the  Costus  Arab'itua  seu  In'dicu.s 
sou  sjyecio'sus  seu  ama'rus,  dulcis,  orienta'lis,Amo'  - 
-i.iinn  hirsu'twm',  Helle'nia  grandifio'ra,  Bank'sia 
specio'sa,  Tsia'na,  (F.)  Canne  Congo,  Ganne  de 
Riviere:  Family,  Amomeae  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Monan- 
dria  Monogynia;  the  root  of  which  is  aromatic, 
and  has  been  considered  tonic,  carminative,  diu- 
retic, emmenagogue,  &c.  The  virtues  of  the  an- 
cient costus  are  highly  extolled. — Theophrastus, 
Dioxcorides,  Pliny,  Galen. 

Costus  Amarus,  <fcc,  Costus — c.  Arabicus,  Cos- 
tus—  c.  Corticosus,  Canella  alba  —  c.  Hortorum, 
Tanacetum  balsamita — c.  Hortorum  minor,  Achil- 
lea ageratum — c.  Indicus,  Costus — c.  dm  Jardins, 
Balsamita  suaveolens — c.  Nigra,  Cynara  scoly- 
mus — c.  Speciosus,  Costus. 
COSTYLE,  Cotyle. 
COTA,  Anthemis  cotula. 

COTARO'NIUM ;    an   obscure   term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  for  a  universal  solvent :  such  a  thing 
as  does  not  exist. 
COTE,  Costa. 

CO  TES,  COL  DES,  Collum  costarum— c.  As- 
ternales,  see  Costa — c.  Fausses,  see  Costa — c.  Flot- 
tantes,  see  Costa — c.  Stemales,  see  Costa — c.  Ver- 
tebrosternales,  see  Costa — c.  Vraies,  see  Costa. 

COTIGNAC,  (pron.  cotinniac.)  A  kind  of  con- 
serve or  preserve,  prepared  from  quinces  not  en- 
tirely ripe,  and  sugar.  It  is  esteemed  stomachic 
and  astringent. 

CO  TON,  Gossypium —  c.  Azotique,  see  Collo- 
dion—  c.  Fulminant,  see  Collodion  —  c.  Poudre, 
see  Collodion. 

COTONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia. 
COTTON,  Gossypium. 

COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c.  Foetida,  An- 
themis cotula. 

Cot'ula  Multif'ida.  A  South  African  plant, 
which  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  in  rheumatism, 
scalds  and  cutaneous  diseases. 

COTUN'NIUS,  LIQUOR  OF,  Liq'uor  Cotun'- 
nii,  L.  of  Cotug'no,  Aquula  acus'tica,  Aqua  audi- 
to'ria,  Per' Humph,  (F.)  Lymphe  de  Cotugno.  A 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  which  fills  all 
the  cavities  of  the  internal  ear,  and  of  which  Co- 
tugno made  mention.  It  is  also  called  Aqua  La- 
byrinth'i. 

COTURNIX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 
COT'YLE,  Cot'yla,  Cotyle' don,  Cos'tyle ;  the 
same  as  Acetabulum.  A  hollow  cavity  in  a  bone, 
which  receives  the  head  of  another  bone :  parti- 
cularly 'the  cotyloid  eavity.'  KorvXr)  signified  a 
drinking  cup,  and,  indeed,  any  thing  hollow,  as 
the  hollow  of  the  hand. — Athenseus. 

COTYLEDON,  Cotyle  — c.  Marina,  Umbilicus 
marinus. 

Cotyle'don  Orbicula'ta.  A  plant  of  South 
Africa,  Nat:  Ord.  Crassulaceae.  The  fresh  juice 
is  used  in  epilepsy ;  and  Dr.  Pappe  speaks  well 
of  it.  The  leaves  form  a  good  application  to  hard 
corns.  Crass'ula  arbores'cens  has  the  same  pro- 
perties. 

Cotyle'don  Umbili'cus,  C.  U.  Ven'eris,  Navel- 
wort,  Venus's  Navelwort,  (F.)  Nombril  de  Venus. 
A  plant  which  grows  in  Europe  on  old  walls  and 
rocks.  The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  applied 
externally  to  piles,  inflamed  parts,  &o.  Inter- 
nally, the  juice  has  been  given  in  epilepsy.  The 
flowers  have  been  used  in  calculous  cases,  and  in 
dropsy. 

Cotyle'dons,  (Korv\rj6ij)v,  'the  hollow  of  a  cup,') 
Acetab'ula  uteri'na.  The  lobes  which,  by  their 
union,  form  the  placenta. 

COT'YLOID,  CotyloVdes,  Cotyloi'deus,  Cotylo'- 
des,    from   kotvX?},    'a   drinking   cup,'  and  uoog, 


'form.'  Resembling  the  ancient  KorvXij.  The 
name  of  a  hemispherical  cavity,  situate  in  the  os 
innominatum,  which  receives  the  head  of  the  os 
femoris  ; — Fossa  cotylo'idea,  Sinus  Coxoe,  Acetab'- 
idum  Pyxis. 

Cot'yloid  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  Cotyldi- 
deum,  (F.)  Ligament  cotylo'idien,  is  a  very  thick, 
fibrocartilaginous  ring,  surrounding  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

COTZ,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

COU,  Collum  —  c.  du  Pied,  Instep  —  c.  Gros, 
Bronchocele. 

COUCH  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

COUCHE,  Couches,  (F.),  from  coucher,  'to  lie 
down.'  This  word  is  used,  1.  For  parturition, 
accouchement  or  delivery  (puerpe'rium,  parturi"- 
tio  ;)  hence,  une  couche  hcureuse,  'a  happy  deli- 
very;' une  fausse  couche,  'a  premature  delivery :' 
and,  2.  For  the  time  during  which  a  female  re- 
mains in  bed  on  account  of  delivery, —  Tempus 
puerpe'rii,  the  child-bed  state.  The  Lochia  have 
been  termed  Suites  de  couches. 

Couche  also  means  a  layer,  bed  or  thalamus,  as, 

COUCHE  CELLULEUSE,  Membrana  granu- 
losa— c.  de  Malpighi,  Corpus  mucosum. 

COUCHER,  Decubitus. 

COUCHES  DES  NERFS  ETHHOIDAUX, 
Corpora  striata — c.  des  Nerfs  oculaires,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — c.  des  Nerfs  optiques,  Tha- 
lami nervorum  opticorum — c.  Optiques,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum. 

COUCHING,  see  Cataract. 

COUCINEA  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  coccinea. 

GOUDE,  Elbow. 

COUDE-PIED,  Instep. 

GOUDE E,  Cubitus. 

CO  UDRIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

COUENNE  (F.),  Cutis  suil'la.  A  term  given 
to  various  parts  of  the  human  skin,  which  are 
prominent,  hard,  brownish,  and  often  covered  with 
rough  hairs,  so  as  to  form  patches  not  very  unlike 
the  skin  of  the  hog.  It  is  a  malformation,  oc- 
curring during  intra-uterine  existence,  and  re- 
maining for  life.  See,  also,  Nasvus,  and  Corium 
phlogisticum. 

COUENNE  TNFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium 
phlogisticum  —  c.  I'leuretique,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum. 

COUF,  Tussis. 

COUGH,  Tussis  —  c.  Bronchial,  C.  tubal  —  c. 
Root,  Trillium  latifolium. 

Cough,  Tubal,  Bron'chial  cough,  Tussis  bron'- 
chica,  (F.)  Toux  tubaire  ou  bronchique.  Cough 
is  so  termed,  when  the  succussion  communicated 
by  it  to  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  very  energetic, 
and  a  sensation  is  experienced  by  the  ear  as  if  a 
column  of  air  was  traversing  tubes  with  solid 
walls,  with  much  noise,  strength,  and  rapidity. 

Cough,  Winter,  Bronchitis,  (chronic.) 

COUGHING,  Tussis. 

COUL,  Abscess,  Swelling. 

CO ULER,  To  strain.       ^ 

COU  LEU RS  COMPLEMENT  AIRES,  Co- 
lours, accidental. 

COULEUVRE;  Coluber  berus. 

COULEUVREE,  Bryonia  alba— c.  de  Virgi- 
nie,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

COULEUVRINE,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

COULISSE  (F.),  'A  groove,  a  gutter.'  Ana- 
tomists designate,  by  this  name,  every  deep  groove 
or  channel  in  a  bone,  in  which  a  tendon  plays ; — 
such  as  the  Coulisse  Bicipitale  or  Bicipital  Groove 
of  the  Humerus. 

COULISSE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  groove— 
c.  Humerale,  Bicipital  groove. 
COULOIR,  Colatorium. 

COUM,  Colchicum  autumnale. 


COUMAROUNA   ODOR  ATA 


2  5  1 


COVE,  CLIMATE   OF 


COUMAROUNA  ODORATA,  Dipterix  odo- 
rata. 

COUN'TBN  \\"<t;.  VuUua,  VoUut, 
I  r  'in  rum,  •  with,'  and  U  m  o,  '  I 

bold.'     The  form  of  the  face.     The  system  of  the 
1'eatir 

8  rBN'SION,    Oontrm-4  rt 
Antit'at  ^  from  i 

tenders,  'to  extend  in  ■  contrary  direotion.'     It 
ta  in  retaining  firmly  Bad  immovably  the 
apperparl  of  a  limb,  whilst  extension  la  practised 
lower,  in  eases  of  fracture  <>r  luxation. 
COUNTER-INDICA'TION.  < bntra-indica'tio, 
Antendeix'is,  Antendix'is,  Antideix'is.      An  indi- 
cation contrary  to  another.     (P.)  Contre-indica- 
tioii.      Any   circumstance,   which    acta    M   an    ob- 
stacle to  the  employment  of  such  therapeutical 
in  to  be  indicated  by  other  eircum- 

! 

COUNTER-IRRITANT,  ?ee  Counter-irrita- 
tion—  c.  (iranville's,  (Lotion.)  Granville'a  Coun- 
ter-irritant. 

CTTER-IRRITA'TION,  Contra-irrita'tio. 
An  irritation,  excited  in  a  pari  of  the  body,  with 
the  view  of  relieving  one  existing  in  another  part. 
mediea    used    for    this    purpose  are   called 
'  '-irritants,  and  form  a  most  valuable  class 

of  remedial  agents..    See  Derivation. 
COUNTER- POISON,  Anti 
COUNTERSTROKE,  I  ontrafissura, 
COUNTING,  METHOD  OF,  Method,  numeri- 
cal. 

■  /'.  Blow— c  de  Feu,  Wound,  gunshot. 

COUP    1>K  MAtTRE,    Tour  do  ifattre  (F.). 

A  masterly  stroke  or  performance.     Applied  to  a 

if  introducing  the  sound  or  catheter  into 

the  bladder,  which  consists  in  first  passing  it  with 

ixity  towards  the  abdomen  of  the  patient, 

and  giving  it  a  half  turn  towards  the  right  groin, 

when   its   extremity  has  reached  the  root  of  the 

penis  under  the  Bymphysia  pubis.     There  is  no 

advantage  in  this  mode  of  introduction. 

cor  I'  i>r  SANG  |  P.),  Blood-etroie.    A  com- 
mon term,  use  1  by  Borne  physicians  in  France,  to 
tation  and  motion,  which 
results    from    hemorrhage    in    the  brain,   or  from 
simple  congestion  in  the  vessels  of  that  organ. 
.  ■.-.  Some  authors  have  comprehended, 
under  the  same   denomination,   different   hemor- 
rhages, which  occur  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
'nit:-',  skin.  Ac. 
COUP  DE  SOL/; II.  (P.),  Siri'arie,  Seiri'atis, 
i   sEyyptiaca,    fetus  solis  sea   *t,l<t'ris,    Tn- 
tola'tio,  Encephali'tia  insolatio' nis,  Phreni'tis  co- 
ot, Stroke  of  the  sun,  ^Egyptian  Starttroke 
or  Sunstroke.     Any  affection  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  sun   on   some   region   of  the  body; — 
I  hands,  arms,  Ac.     A   very   common  effect 

of  ex]  iked  head  to  the  sun  is  inflam- 

mation [?]  of  the   brain  or  its   mening   3,   HI     i  >- 
eephali'tis,  which  Sauvagea  calls  Corns  nh  Tnso- 
.    Morbus  solstitia'lis.     It  has,  also,  been 
called  heat  apoplexy  ;  although  the  morbid  pheno- 
rvable  after   death   are   generally  not 
confirmatory  of  either  inflammation  or  apoplexy. 
COl  P  DE  VENT.     A  windstrokc     '1 

oomei  iribed  to  expo- 

'  air. 
3 RIDE,  Kiol 
COl  PEROSE,  Gutta  • 
COUPl  HE,  Cut,  Wound  (incised.) 
I  "i  R  U.ll.M.  Coral. 
RANTE,  Diarrh  i  u 

R  \\'.     \  distemper,  very  common  in  In- 
dia, iii  which   there  is  a   perpetual    itching  of  the 
.  and  eruption.      Ii   i.^  of  an    herpetic   cha- 
racter, and   appears  chiefly  on  the  axilla,  groins, 
face. 


COURB  IRIL,  see  Lnime, 
cor  tin  a  TUBE  (P.)j  Amt*hs\  IcmiWd 
h  nt  Umitude,  Fatigue.    An  indisposition, charao- 

I  y  a  sensation,  M  if  the  limbs  were  bruise'.  ; 
general  feeling  of  debility,  extreme  lassitude  J 
and.  sometimes,  slight  fever.  It  appears  imme- 
diately after  I  ut  .-oinetimes  not 
till  the  next  dav.  lle.-t  removes  it. 
COl   RBI  RE,  Curvature. 

COURGE,  Cucurbits  pepo. 

K.M  1  or  c  I  K.M  1,  wept,  xvput.  A  fer- 
mented liquor,  made  from  barley.  A  kind  of  ale 
or  beer.  — l)ioscorides. 

COURO  BfOELLI.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark 
of  which  is  said  to  be  anti-venomous. 

COURON'DI,  Couron'do.  An  evergreen  tree 
of  India,  the  juice  of  which,  mixed  witii  warm 
whey,  is  said  to  cure  dysentery.  —  Ray. 

COURONNE,  Crown  —  c.  Ciliart,  Godnmni 
canal — c.  </«  Dent,  Crown  of  a  tooth — c.  dn  Gland, 

Crown  of  the  glans  —  c.  de  M<>iiu,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum— c.  (/'  Saint-Jean,  Artemisia  vulgaris — 
c.  </n  Tripan,  Crown  of  the  trepan — c  c/t  VSnus, 
Crown  of  Venus. 

COURONNE  AM  70NNANTE  (F.)  A  term 
given  by  Reil  to  the  fan-shaped  terminations  of 
the  cruri  cerebri  in  the  brain. 

COURONNEMENT  (  F. ),  Coro'na.  A  vulgar 
expression,  sometimes  used  to  designate  the  cir- 
cular ring,  which  the  os  uteri  forms  around  the 
head  of  the  child  at  a  certain  period  of  accouche- 
ment— the  head  seeming  to  be  surrounded,  as  it 
were,  by  a  crown.     The  head  is  then  said  to  bo 

an  court, inn  nit  ut. 

COms  hi:  VENTRE^  Diarrhoea. 

COURSE,  Running. 

COURSES,  Menses. 

COURT,  Short. 

<  •<>  I  II  TE  II A LEIXE,  Dyspnoea. 

COUSIN,  Culex. 

COUSSINET,  Pad. 

COUSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

COUTEAU,  Knife  —  c.  &  Amputation,  Knife, 
amputation  —  c.  d  Cataracts,  Knife,  cataract  —  c. 
Courbe,  Knife,  crooked  —  c.  d  Crochet,  Knife, 
crotchet — c  Desarticulateur,  Knife,  double-edged 
— c.  Droit,  Knife,  amputation — c.  de  Feu,  Cultel- 
laire  —  o.  Interoeseux,  Knife,  double-edged  —  o. 
Lentieulaire,  Knife,  lenticular  —  e.  Litkctome, 
Knife,  lithotomy  —  c.  en  Serpette,  Knife  en  ser- 
pette — c.  Symphysien,  see  Symphyseotomy — c.  d 
deux  Tranchans,  Knife,  double-edged. 

COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'aeum  ipica'tuwt, 
I'l'riituu  tpica'tum.  A  plant  of  Guiana,  which 
is  very  bitter,  and  is  considered,  in  the  country, 
to  be  emmeuagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  autidys- 
peptic.  - 

COUTURES  PAR  LA  PETITE  YE  It  OLE, 
see  Cicatrix. 

COUTURIER,  Sartorius. 

(  OUVERCLE,  see  Crucible. 

COUVERCHEF  (P.),  Cueul'lut,  Fascia' tio 
cuculla'tOfScepastei  'iutn,Scepas'trum.  A  bandage, 
applied  to  the  head  for  retaining  certain 
tags,  A.c,  fa  situ.  The  French  Burgeona  distin- 
guish two  kinds:  1.  The  Grand  Couvreehef  on 
Servstte  en  carri  (CucuFlus  major),  which  is 
formed  of  a  napkin  or  large  Bquare  oompressj 
and,  2.  The  Petit  Couvreehef  on  Mouckoir  <  u  tri- 
angle (Cucul'lus  minor),  formed  of  a  napkin  or 
oilier  square  compress,  folded  from  one  angle  to 
the  other  diagonally  opposite  to  it. 

COUVRECHEF,  see  Bandage,  Galen's, 

i  B,  CLIMATE  OP.      <>n  the  northern  side 
of    Cork    Harbour,   in    Ireland,   is    the    I.-land    of 
Cove.     The  town  of  Cove   is  on  the  southern  ac- 
clivity of  a  hill  running  from  eat  to  v.    -;.      It  is, 
[Uently,  sheltered    from    the    north   winds, 


S 


CO VOL AM 


CRAMBION 


and  receives  the  full  force  of  the  sun.  It  is  one 
of  the  mildest  climates  in  Great  Britain,  and  cor- 
responds in  its  influence  on  disease  with  the 
south-west  of  England.  It  is  well  adapted  as  a 
winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical. 

COVOLAM,  Cratce'va  Jfarmelos.  The  bark  of 
this  tree  is  tonic;  the  unripe  fruit  is  astringent; 
but,  when  ripe,  is  delicious. 

COW  BANE,  Cicuta  aquatica — c.  Spotted,  Ci- 
cuta  maculata. 

COWBERRY,  Yaccinium  vitis  idaea. 

CO W CUMBER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

COW  DEL,  Caudle. 

COW H AGE,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWITCII,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWLADY,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 

COWMUMBLB,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

COWPARSNEP,  Heracleum  lanatum,  H.  spon- 
dylium. 

COWPER'S  GLANDS,  Accessory  glands,  (F.) 
Gl  mules  accessoirea  ou  de  Coicper,  Prostates  infi- 
rieures  ou  Petites  prostates.  Called  after  their 
discoverer.  Two  small  ovoid  groups  of  mucous, 
reddish  follicles,  situate  behind  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  before  the  prostate,  the  excretory  ducts 
of  which  open  into  the  bulbous  portion  of  the 
urethra.  They  are  also  called  Glan'dulce  ante- 
pros' tat  <p.,  and  G.  pros'tatce  inferio'res.  The 
terms  anterior  prostate,  and  anteprostatic  gland, 
are  generally,  however,  given  to  a  third  glandu- 
lar body,  occasionally  found  in  front  of,  and 
between,  Cowper's  glands. 

Cowper's  Glaxds  in  the  Female,  Gland'ula? 
Coicperi,  Glands  of  Duverney  or  of  Bartholin, 
Pros'tata  mulie'bris  seu  Bartholi'ni,  Glandes  de 
Coicper  ou  de  Miry,  G.  vulvaire  conglomeree  ou 
ridvo-vaginale,  Corps  foUiculaire  vaginal,  are 
situate  at  each  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  vagina, 
beneath  the  skin  covering  the  posterior  or  infe- 
rior part  of  the  labia.  They  are  rounded,  but 
elongated,  flat,  and  bean-shaped  ;  their  long  dia- 
meter varying  from  five  to  ten  lines;  their  trans- 
verse, from  two  and  a  half  to  four  and  a  quarter; 
and  their  thickness  from  two  and  a  quarter  to 
three  lines.  Like  Cowper's  glands  in  the  male, 
they  are  not  invariably  present.  The  secretion 
from  them  is  a  thick,  tenacious,  grayish-white 
fluid,  which  is  emitted  in  great  quantity  during 
sexual  intercourse;  and  is  probably  the  fluid 
supposed,  of  old,  to  be  the  female  sperm. 

COWPOX,  Vaccina  —  c.  Inoculation,  Vaccina- 
tion—  c.  Itch,  see  Itch,  cowpox —  c.  Vesicle,  see 
Vaccination. 

COW  RAP,  Impetigo. 

COWSLIP,  Caltha  palustris,  Primula  veris— c. 
Jerusalem.  Pulmonaria. 

COWSTRIPLINGS,  Primula  veris. 

COWSTROPPLE.  Primula  veris. 

COWTHWORT,  Matricaria. 

COWTREE,  CEYLON,  Gymneura  lactiferum. 

Cowtree,  of  South  America,  Galactodendron 
utile. 

COWWEED,  Chaerophyllum  sylvestre. 

COXA,  Haunch. 

COX.ELUVIUM,  Bath,  hip. 

COXAGRA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea. 

COXAL'GIA,  Jferocoxal'gia,  0*phyal'gia,  Os- 
phyalge'ma.  A  word  of  hybrid  origin,  from  coxa, 
'hip,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  hip.  A  sign 
of  rheumatic  or  other  inflammation — Co.ri'tis,  or 
of  some  disease  about  the  hip-joint.  See  Neu- 
ralgia feraoro-poplitaaa,  and  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXARTHRITIS,  Coxitis. 

COXARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXA'RUM  MORBUS,  Coxen'dicus  seu  Coxa! - 
rius  morbus,  Arthroc'ace  eoxa'rum,  Coxarthroc'- 
ace,  Osphyarthroc' ace,  Coxal'gia  (of  some),  Hip 
Disease.  A  scrofulous  caries,  and  often  sponta- 
neous luxation  of  the  head  of  the  os  femoris,  oc- 


casioning permanent  shortening  of  the  limb, 
and  not  unfrequently  hectic  and  death  —  Ixchio- 
ph  this  is. 

COXEN'DIX.  Haunch.  This  word  has  been 
used  synonymously  with  ischium;  and  anato- 
mists have  also  applied  it  to  the  ilia,  Ossa 
Coxen'dicis. 

COXI'TIS,  Coxarthri'tis,  a  hybrid  term,  from 
Coxa,  'the  hip,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  hip-joint. 

COXO,  in  composition.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  coxal  bone. 

COXO-FEM'ORAL,  Coxo-femora'lis.  Belong- 
ing to  the  coxal  bone  or  ileum,  and  to  the  os  fe- 
moris.    Ilio-femoral  has  the  same  signification. 

Coxo-Fem'oral  Articula'tion,  ll'io-Femoral 
A.,  (F.)  Articulation  de  la  Blanche,  Htp-joint, 
(Prov.)  Hamch,  Locking,  Lonk.  The  head  of  the 
femur  and  the  articular  cavity  are  covered  by  a 
diarthrodial  cartilage  and  synovial  capsule;  and 
by  a  very  strong  capsular  or  articular  ligament 
attached  to  the  circumference  of  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  and  to  the  neck  of  the  femur.  There  is, 
also,  a  round  or  interartiexdar  ligament,  passing 
from  the  inferior  notch  of  the  cotyloid  cavity 
to  the  rough  depression  at  the  top  of  the  caput 
femoris  ;  and  a  cotyloid  ligament — a  sort  of  thick, 
cartilaginous  ring,  situate  on  the  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity,  and  converting  the  inferior  notch 
into  a  foramen.  These  are  the  great  means  of 
union  in  this  extensive  articulation. 

CRAB,  As'tacus  Jluviat'ilis,  Cancer,  Gam'ma- 
r-us,  Gam'barus,  Cam'marus,  (F.)  Crabbe,  Ecre- 
visse,  Escrevice.  Class,  Crustacea.  A  shell-fish 
much  used  as  an  article  of  diet.  Like  other 
shell-fish,  it  is  apt  to  disagree,  and  excite  urtica- 
ria, &c. 

CRABE,  Crabvaws. 
CRABLOUSE,  Pediculus  pubis. 
CRABS'  EYES,  Cancrorum  chelae— c.  Stones, 
Cancrorum  chela?. 

CRABYAWS,  (F.)  Crabe.  A  name  in  the 
West  Indies  for  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  the  soles  of 
the  feet,  with  edges  so  hard,  that  they  are  diffi- 
cult to  cut. 

CR A  CHA  T.  Sputum. 

CRACHEMENT,  Excreation— c.  de  Pus,  Vo- 
mica, Phthisis  pulmonalis — c.  de  Sang,  Haemop- 
tysis. 

CRACHOTEMEXT  (F.),  from  cracher,  'to 
spit.'  The  frequent  spitting  of  a  small  quantity 
of  saliva. 

CRACKED  POT  SOUND,  Bruit  de  pot  fclL 
CRACKLING    OF    LEATHER,    see    Craqutr 
ment  de  cuir. 

CRACOW  GROATS.  Semolina. 
CRADLE,  Sax.  cjw>el,  Ar'culus,  Solen,  (F.) 
Arceau  ou  Archet.  A  semicircle  of  thin  wood, 
or  strips  of  wood,  used  for  preventing  the  contact 
of  the  bed-clothes  in  wounds,  fractures,  &c.  An 
ordinance  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade 
mothers  and  nurses  to  sleep  with  a  child  near 
them,  unless  it  was  placed  under  a  solid  cradle 
of  this  kind,  in  order  that  no  accident  might 
arise  from  overlaying. 

CRiE'PALE,  from  Kpai-rra'Xr},  Orap'ula,  'drunk- 
enness, surfeit.'     A  derangement  of  the  functions 
of  the  brain,  &c,  produced  by  wine  or  any  other 
fermented  liquor. — Galen. 
CRAGBANE,  Clavicle. 

CRAIE,  Creta — c.  Barotique,  Baryta,  carbon- 
ate of — c.  Magnesienne,  Magnesias    carbonas — c. 
de  Plomb,  Plumbi  subearbonas. 
CRAISEY,  Ranunculus  acris. 
CRAM  A,  Kpa/ia,  from  icepau>,  'I  mix.'     A  mix- 
ture of  anv  kind.     Dilute  wine. 
CRAMBE,  Cabbage. 

CRAM'BION.  from  Kpaufir,,  'cabbage.'  A  de- 
coction of  cabbage. — Hippocrates. 


CRAMERIA 


53 


CHAXIOLOGY 


CRAMERIA,  Krameria. 

MP,  from  (O.J  k  ramp  fen.  'to  contract.' 
'  .  '/'.  t'linuK  dolorif- 

MM    mu*<nla'  rix,    Jfi/ul'- 

Rhegma,  Rkegmu*.  (F.)  Cramp*.  A 
Ittdden,  involuntary,  and  highly  painful  contrac- 
tion of  a  muscle  or  muscles.  It  is  most  fre- 
.  experienced  in  the  lower  extremities, 
ami  is  a  eommon  symptom  of  certain  affections — 
m  and  Cholera  Morbu*.  Fric- 
tion and  compression  of  the  limb,  by  means  of  a 
ligature   applied   around   it   above   the   muscles 

I,  will  usually  remove  the  Bpasm. 

up,  Scrtvbnbrs*,  Cramp,  wril 
- :  omach,  (F.)  Cra 

t-nu'tc.  riolent,  and  most  painful  affec- 

tion of  the  Btomach,  with  Bense  of  constriction  in 
the  epigastrium.  It  Beems  to  be  the  effect  of  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the 

b,  and  requires  the  use  of  the  mot  powerful 
stimulants   ami  antispasmodics,   of  which  opium 

est 

C  i:  v  M  p.  Writers  ',    Graphospasm' us,   Mogi- 
graph'ia,  (F.)  Cramp*  de*  Ecrivain*, 
i  \'meri»g  of  the  Finger*.     A  condition 

fingers,  in  which   they  are  unable  to  hold 

.  or  in  which  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of 
the  fingers  are  irregularly  and  irresistibly  con- 
■ 

CRA  VPE  DBS  /W./r.t/'A'^.Cramp.writers'. 

CRAMPE  DE  L'ESTOMAC,  Cramp  of  the 
Stomach. 

CRAN  hi:   BRETAGNE,  Cochlearia  armo- 

: 

CRANBERRY,  Yaocinium  oxycoccos— c.  Al- 
pine, Yaccinium  vitis  id;ea  —  c.  American,  com- 
mon, see  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — c.  Upland,  Ar- 
butus uva  ur>i. 

NE,  Cranium  —  c.  Ilumain,  Cranium  hu- 
manum. 


CRANE'S  BILL,  Geranium  — c.  Spotted,  Ge- 
ranium maculatum  —  c.  Stinking,  Geranium  llo- 
bertianum. 

CRA'NIAL,  Crania'lit,  Cranio/n**,  (F.)  Crd- 
nien ;  same  etymon  as  cranium.  Relating  or 
appertaining  to  the  cranium  —  as  'crania/ 
nerves.' 

CRANIEN,  Cranial. 

CR  INIOCELE,  Eneephalocele. 

CRANIOH^MATONCUS,  Cephaleematoma, 

CRANIOL'OGY,  Cranio*1  copy,  Cranioh  >j"i". 
Cranioman'cy,  Phrenol'ogy,  Craniotcop'ia,  C.  Oal- 
l in' mi,  Encephaloecop'ia,  Doetri'na  Gallia' na. 
aniologie,  Cranioti  pie.  Words  intro- 
duced, since  Gall,  into  medical  language.  The 
first  two  terms  are  respectively  derived  from 
Kpavtov,  '  cranium,'  Xoyos,  '  a  discourse,'  and  okottciv, 
•\"  examine'  They  signify  a  description,  or 
simply  an  examination,  of  the  different  parts  of 
the  external  surface  of  the  cranium,  in  order  to 
deduce  from  thence  a  knowledge  of  the  different 
intellectual  and  moral  dispositions.  Strictly 
speaking,  it  is  by  Cranioecopy  that  we  acquire  a. 
knowledge  of  Craniology,  Organology,  or  Cran- 
ology,  as  it  has  been  variously  termed.  These 
words  are  generally,  however,  used  i;i  the  same 
Bense.  The  cranium  being  moulded  to  the  brain, 
there  are  as  many  prominences  on  the  bone,  as 
there  are  projections  at  the  surface  of  the  brain. 
According  to  Gall,  each  projection,  which  he  calls 
an  organ,  is  the  seat  of  a  particular  intellectual 
or  moral  faculty,  and  all  persons  endowed  with 
the  same  faculty,  have,  at  the  same  part  of  the 
brain,  a  prominence,  which  is  indicated,  exter- 
nally, by  a  bum])  or  projection  in  the  bony  case. 
The  System  of  Gall  is  made  to  comprise  27  pro- 
minences, which  answer  to  27  faculties.  The  fol- 
lowing Table  exhibits  these  supposed  organs,  and 
their  seat  : 


Cerebral  Organs  and  their  Seat,  according  to  Gall. 


\.   I    ft     '     f  generation,  of  reproduction }  ama- 
i    of    propagation  j     i 

K-t. 

■  n  g  s  t  r  i  e  b  ,    F  o  r  t  p  f  1  a  n  - 
inngstrieb,   Gresohlechtstrie 
ogeny  ;  philoprogenitiv* 
(G.)  Jnngenliebe,  Kinder  Hebe. 

if,  frit  ndship. 
(G.)   Freu  n  <1  b  <•  h  a  fts  inn. 
4.  Inttinci  of  defending  self  and  property  : 


in  the  cerebellum.  It  is  manifested  at  the 
surface  of  the  cranium  by  two  round  protube- 
rances, one  on  each  side  of  the  nape  of  the 
neck. 


Indicated  at  the  external  occipital  protuberance. 

f  About  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
|       parietal  bone,  anterior  to  the  last. 
love  ( Seated  a  little  above  the  ears,  in  front  of  the  last, 

and  towards  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal 

bone. 


•  combat  j  combativene**  ;  courage.  < 
(G.)  -Muth,  R a u f si n n,  Z an k s in n.  ( 

iivo, ■  i«*tinet;  inclination  to  murder;     Neatly  developed  in  all  the  carnivorous  animals ; 

ue/ty.  J      form'  ■  l"-<"''!»e'K-e  at  the  posterior  and  supe- 


Vy"  u  r g s i  n  n  ,  Mordsinn. 


unntng 


fim 


addn  m 


{G.)  Lis  t,  Seh  lauheit, 


rior  part  of  the  squamous  surface  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  above  the  mastoid  proi 
■ 'if,  nrss.  J  Above  the  meatus   amlitorius   externus,  upon  the 

Klugheit.  j       sphenoidal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Anterior  to  that  of  cunning,  of  which  it  seems  to 
be  a  prolongation,  and  above  that  of  mechanics, 
with  which  it  contributes  to  widen  the  cranium, 
by  the  projection  which  they  form  at  the  side 
of  the  frontal  bone. 


havghtine**;    love  of  author,'' 


n  n, 


Behind  the  top  of  the  head,  nt  the  extremity  of 
the  sagittal  suture,  and  on  the  parietal  I 


property;  provident  inttinet;  cupi- 
:   inclination  to  robbery;  aequititivt 

i  •_'  e  n  t  h  u  in  s  s  inn,    II  a  n  g   /.  n   s  t  e  h  1  - 

en.  Einsammlungssinn,  D i e b sin n. 

8.  Pridi 

. 

.      Hoeh  muth,     II  oh  en 
II     r  rsch  s  u  eh  t. 

tbition  :  /■>■,  nf  glory. 
Eitelkeit,   Ruh  m  -  no  h  t,  Eh  r 
umspection  ;  foresight. 

■  it,    Vorsicht, 
s  i  c  h  t  i  g  b  e  i  t. 

"'.'/  of  thing*;    memory  of  fact*;   sense  f 
of  thing*  .-  edncabilitj)  ty;  docility,    j  Situate  at  the  root  of  the  nose,  between  the  two 

Erziehi  rows,  and  a  little  above  them. 

f  a  h  i  g  k  e  i  t ,  S  a  c  h  s  i  n  n  . 


Situate  at  the  side  of  the  last,  near  the  poi 
internal  angle  of  the  parietal  buiie. 

Vor-  I  Corresponds  to  the  parietal  protnberai 


tate  at  tl 
-  I      eyebrows, 


CRANIO LOGY 


CRANIUM 


12.  Sense  of  locality;  sense  of  the  relation  of 
space;  memory  of  places. 

(G.)  Ortsinn,  Rauuisinn. 

13.  Memory  of  persons  ;  sense  of  persons. 
(0.)  Personensinn. 

14.  Sense  of  icords ;  sense  of  names;  verbal  me- 
mory. 

(G.)  W  o  r  d  g  e  d  'a  c  h  t  n  i  s  s ,   Namensinn. 

15.  Sense  of  spoken  language;  talent  of  philo- 
logy ;  study  of  languages. 

(G.)  Sprachforschungssinn,  Wort- 
sinn,    Sprachsin  n. 

16.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  colour;  talent  of 
painting. 

(G.)  Farbensinn. 

17.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  tones;  musical  ta- 
lent. 

(G.)  Tons  inn. 

18.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  numbers;  mathema- 
tics. 

(G.)  Zahlensinn. 

19.  Sense  of  mechanics ;  sense  of  construction  ; 
talent  of  architecture  ;  industry. 

(G.)  Kunstsinn,  Bausinn. 

20.  Comparative  sagacity. 

(G.)  Vergleichender  Scharfsinn. 

21.  Metaphysical  penetration  ;  depth  of  mind. 
(G.)  Metaphysischer  Tiefsinn. 

22.  Wit. 

(G.)  Witz. 

23.  Poetical  talent. 
[G.)  Dichtergeist. 

24.  Goodness ;  benevolence ;  mildness;  compas- 
sion; sensibility ;  moral  sense;  conscience; 
bonhommie. 

{G.)  Gutraiithigkeit,  Mitleiden,  mo- 
ra lischer   Sinn,  Gewissen. 

25.  Imitation  ;   mimicry. 

(G.)  Naehahmungssinn. 

26.  God  and  religion;  theosophy. 

( G.)  Theosophisches    Sinn. 

27.  Firmness;  constancy;  perseverance;  obsti- 
nacy. 

((?.)  Stetigkeit,  Festersinn. 

The  first  nineteen  of  these,  according  to  Gall, 
are  common  to  man  and  animals;  the  remaining 
eight,  man  possesses  exclusively.  They  are,  con- 
sequently, the  attributes  of  humanity. 

ORGAN'S   ACCORDING    TO    SPURZHEIM. 

1.  Amativeness.  —  2.  Philoprogenitiveness. — 
3.  Inhabitiveness.  —  4.  Adhesiveness  or  Attach- 
ment.— 5.  Combativeness. — 6.  Destructiveness. — 
7.  Construcdveness. — 8.  Acquisitiveness. — 9.  Se- 
cretiveness. — 10.  Self-esteem.  — 11.  Love  of  Ap- 
probation.— 12.  Cautiousness. — 13.  Benevolence. 
— 14.  Veneration. — 15.  Firmness. — 16.  Conscien- 
tiousness or  Justice.  —  17.  Hope.  —  IS.  Marvel- 
lousness. — 19.  Wit.— 20.  Ideality.— 2L  Imitation. 
—22.  Individuality.— 23.  Form.— 24.  Size.— 25. 
Weight  and  resistance. — 26.  Colour.  —  27.  Loca- 
iitv. — 28.  Numeration. — 29.  Order.— 30.  Eventu- 
ality-—31.  Time.  —  32.  Melody  or  Tune.  — 33. 
Language. — 34.  Comparison. — 35.  Causality. 

A  fundamental  principle  with  the  Craniolo- 
gists  or  Phrenologists  is, — that  the  brain  does  not 
act  as  a  single  organ,  but  that  it  consists  of  a 
plurality  of  organs :  but,  were  we  able  to  admit 
this,  the  assignment  of  the  seat  of  different  facul- 
ties could  not  but  be  considered  premature. 

CRANIOMANCY,  Craniology. 

CRANIOM'ETRY,  Craniomet'ria ;  from  xpa- 
viov,  'the  cranium,'  and  fierpov,  'measure.'  Mea- 
surement of  the   skull.     A   form   of  compasses 


f  Answers  to  the  frontal  sinus,  and  is  indicated  ex- 
|      ternally  by  two  prominences  at  the  inner  edge 
of  the  eyebrows,  near  the  root  of  the  nose,  and 
[      outside  of  the  organ  of  memory  of  things. 

j  At  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit. 

f  Situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
two  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain,  on   the  frontal 
[      part  of  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  so  as  to  make 
[     the  eye  prominent. 


Also  at  the  top  of  the  orbit,  between  the  preced- 
ing and  that  of  the  knowledge  of  colour. 


The  middle  part  of  the  eyebrows,  encroaching  a 
little  on  the  forehead. 


A  little  above  and  to  one  side  of  the  last 
the  outer  third  of  the  orbitar  arch. 


above 


On  the  outside  of  the  organ  of  the  sense  of  the 
relation  of  colour,  and  below  the  last. 

A  round  protuberance  at  the  lateral  base  of  the 
frontal  bone,  towards  the  temple,  and  behind 
the  organs  of  music  and  numbers. 

At  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  frontal 
bone,  above  that  of  the  memory  of  things. 

In  part  confounded  with  the  preceding.  Indi- 
cated at  the  outer  side  of  the  last  by  a  protu- 
berance, which  gives  to  the  forehead  a  peculiar 
hemispherical  shape. 

At  the  lateral  and  outer  part  of  the  last;  and  giv- 
ing greater  width  to  the  frontal  prominence. 

On  the  outer  side  of  the  last;  divided  into  two 
halves  by  the  coronal  suture. 

Indicated  by  an  oblong  prominence  above  the 
organ  of  comparative  sagacity;  almost  at  the 
frontal  suture. 


At  the  outer  side  of  the  last. 

'  At  the  top  of  the  frontal  bone  and  at  the  superior 
angles  of  the  parietal  bone. 

The  top  of  the  head ;  at  the  anterior  and  most 
elevated  part  of  the  parietal  bone. 

'  used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a  craniometer,  (F.) 
Cran  iometre. 

CRANIOPATHI'A;  from  Kpaviov,  'the  cra- 
j  nium,'  and  Kados,  '  disease.'  Disease  of  the  cra- 
j  nium. 

CRANIOPLAS'TY,  Cranioplas'tice,  from   Kpa- 
I  viov,  'the  skull,'  and  tt^cktou),  'I  form.'     An  ope- 
ration for  the  restoration  of  the  soft  parts  and 
bones  of  the  cranium. 

CRANIOSCOPY,  Craniology. 

CRANIO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal. 

Cranto-Spixal  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CRANIOSTENOSIS,  see  Microcephalus. 

CRANIO'TABES,  from  Kpaviov,  'the  skull,' 
and  tabes,  'wasting.'  A  softening  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  and  a  consequent  thinness  of 
those  bones,  —  as  the  occiput,  {soft  occiput.)  — 
which  are  much  exposed  to  pressure.  It  is  a 
varietv  of  rickets. — Elsasser. 

CRANIOTOMY,  Craniotom'ia,  (F.)  Crdnioto- 
mie;  from  Kpaviov,  'the  cranium,'  and  rofi^.  'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  opening  the  head  in 
parturition. 

Craniotomy  Forceps.  An  instrument,  resem- 
bling the  lithotomy  forceps,  for  laying  hold  of 
and  breaking  down  the  bones  of  the  head  in  par- 
turition. 

CRANIUM,  Cra'nion,  Cranum,  Calvcj'ria.  Sca'- 
phion,  Conchus,  Calva,  Olla  cap' it  is,  Thee 
ebri,  Brain-p>an,   (Old  Eng.)   Pannikdl,   (Prov.) 


CRAN'OMAN'-Y 


CREATINE 


Harnpan,  the  skull:  from  koqios,  'a  helmet,'  or 
from  KuiYov,  'heat  Cbe  collection 

of    hones    which    form    thfl    Case    for   lodging   the 
brain  and  it.-  mem  11  ai  their  I 

me  of  the  nerves.  These  bones  are  eight 
in  nnmber  —  the)  frontal,  occipital,  tn 

;</•<;/,  the  "j,ht  noi'l.  and  riluinn'il.   Besides 

might  be  considered,  as  belong 
tnium,  the  eornua  sphenoidalia.  the  hones 
of  the  ear.  and  the  08M  Wormiana.    Dr.  Prichard 
has  characterized  the  primitire  forms  of  the  skull 
ling   to   the  width   of  the  Bregma,  or  space 
i   the  parietal  bones:    1.  The  Stenobreg- 
TTtrOf,  'narrow.')  or  Ethiopian  variety.     2. 
.    fttcos,  '  middle,')  or  Can 
variety;     and     3.    The     Platybregmate,    (rrAarus, 
'  broad,')  or  Mongolian  variety. 

•  ;  M  Hi  ma'.mm,  Hummi  Crn'nium  or 
Skull.  (F.)  Crane  htunain.  This  was  anciently 
much  need  in  prescriptions,  and  was  considered 
pileptic,  alexipharmio,  antiloimie.  Ac. 
LNOMAN'CY,  Cranomanti'a,  from  xpavov, 
'the  head,' and  fiavrtia,  'divination.'  (F. 
MOMoaei*.  The  art  of  divining — from  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  head  or  cranium — the  moral  disposi- 
tions and  inclinations  of  individuals. 

CRA  N80N,  I   ichlearia  armoracia,C.  officinalis. 

CRA  H  B  6  A  C,     M  r.\  BB  AL    WATERS     OF. 

.:■  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Av.  y- 

ron,  six  leagues  from  Rhodes,  which   possesses 

acidulous    chalybeate    springs,    that   have    been 

known  for  a  long  time. 

( 'RANTER,  from  KOatvuv,  'to  finish," render 
Sapien'tim  has  been  so  called. 
LNUM,  Cranium. 

(HAITI.  \.  Onepale. 

CRAQUEMENT  J)E  CUIR  NEUF  (P.), 
r,  'crackling  of  new  leather.'  A 
sound  like  the  crackling  of  new  leather,  some- 
times  heard  on  examining  the  heart  with  the 
stethoscope,  which  is  symptomatic  of  pericar- 
ditis. 

CRAQUEMENT  PULMONATRE,  (F.)  'Pul- 
monary Crackling.'  This  bruit  or  sound  consists 
i  i  a  succession  of  small  cracklings,  heard  during 
inspiration,  and  almost  always  at  the  top  of  the 
lung.  It  is  heard  at  the  commencement  of  phthisis. 

CRASIS,  from  rcpawv/u,  '  I  mix.'     A  mixture 

of  the  constituents  of  a  Quid;  as  the  crari*  of  (he 

humourtj   Ac.     The  word  has    also    been 

employed  in  a.  more    extensive  signification,  as 

synonymous  with  Conetitution,  Temperament.  &c. 

CB  18PED0N,  Staphyledema. 

CBASSAMEN'TUM,    from    craeeue,   'thick.' 
The  thick  part  or  deposit  of  any  fluid.    It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  the  clot  of  the  blood. 
38  vmkntim  6  urouuns,  see  Blood. 

CRASSE,  (F.)  Dirt  or  impurity.  A  sort  of 
layer  or  enduit,  irhieh  oorers  the  skin,  where 
cleanliness  is  not  attended  to:  and  which  is 
sometimes  the  result  of  the  cutaneous  exhala- 
tion :  at  others,  of  extraneous  matter  adhering  to 
the  surface  of  the  body. 

L8SE'NA.  A  term  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  the  saline,  putrescent,  and  corrosive 
principles,  which,  he  thought,  gave  rise  to  ulcers 
and  tumours  of  different  kinds. 

CRASS'ULA,  from  eroMus,  'thick,'  owing  to 
the  thiekness  of  its  leave.-.     Sedum  telephium. 

Cbassola  Arborbscbns,  see  Cotyledon  orhi- 
mdata — c.  Portulacaeea,  c  Tetragons. 

s'sula    Tl  rn  lao's  \.       A    South    African 
meeulant    plant.    Ord.    Crassulaeeas,   irhieh    is 
sossewhat astringent     Boiled  in  milk  it  i- 
in   diarrhoea,     Craeeula  portulaeafeen  is  said  to 
be  used  in  similar  i 

CRAW  dent 

CRATjB'GUS  A'RIA.  from  *Paro?,  'strength,' 
owing  to  the  hardness  of  the  wood.     Mct'pilut, 


M.  A'ria,  Aria  sea  ?.  Aria  sen  A 

White   Bean    Tree,  (P.J  Alieier  blane,   Alouche, 

Alouchier.  The  fruit,  which  is  of  the  size  of  a 
small  pear,  is  slightly  astringent  and  somewhat 
agreeable  to  the  taste.  It  has  been  employed  in 
diarri 

CB  \T  EVA  M  ^RMBLOS,  Corolam. 

CRATERAU'CHEN,    from    Kparcpos,   *b\ 
ami  av^rjv,  'neck.'     One  with  a  strong  neck  :   as. 
Well  as  a  Btrong  neck  itself. 

I  l:  kTEVABSIUM,  Bisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRATOS,   Force. 

CRAUTB,  .MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Craute 
is  a  riUage  five  leagues  from  Autun.  in  France, 
where    are   mineral   springs,   containing    sulpho- 

hydrate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  carbonate  of 
macro 

CRA  FA  TE  SUISSE  (F.),  'Swiss  cravat.'    A 

band  of  the  longitudinal  or  superficial  layer  of 

the  muscular  fibres   of  the  stomach,   along   the 

1  lesser  curvature  of  the  organ,  the  shape  of  which 

its   in   preserving:  —  so   called,  on  account 

I  of  a  fancied  resemblance  to  ■  Swiss  cravat. 

CRAW-CRAW.  A  species  of  itch,  common  on 
the  African  coast. — Boyle. 

CRA  YEUX,  Cretaceous. 

CRA  TON  NOIR,  Graphites. 

CRAZINESS,  Insanity. 

CRAZY.  Insane,  Pain. 

CREA.  Shin. 

CREAM,  Cremor  seu  Flos  lactis,  (Prov.) 
(F.)  Crime.  A  thick,  unctuous  matter, 
of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  and  sweet,  agreeable 
taste,  which  rises  to  the  surface  of  milk,  if  kept 
at  rest.  It  is  composed  of  butter,  serum,  and 
casein. 

Crime  is  a  name  given  in  France  to  bouillies 
prepared  with  farina  of  different  kinds  ;  as  the 
of  Rice,  (F.)  Crime  de  Rie,  C.  of  Barley, 
I  (F.)  C.  d'Orge,  <fcc.  The  same  term,  and  'medi- 
cinal cream,'  (F.)  Crime  viedicinale,  are  used  by 
M.  Beral  for  a  preparation,  resulting  from  the 
union  of  yolk  of  egg  and  sugar  with  milk,  with 
or  without  the  addition  of  medicinal  agents. 

Crbav,  Rigor — e.  Cold,  Ceratum  Galeni,  Un- 
guentum  Aqusa  rosa?  —  c.  of  Tartar,  Potasssa 
supertartras. 

CREAS.  Rubeola. 

CRE'ASOTE,  Cre'osotc,  Creaio'tum,  Kre'anote, 
Creaso'ton,  Creazo'ion  :  0.ri/-h>/dro-rar!>ure'tum 
ear  o'leo  pyroxyl'ieo  para' turn,  (Ph.  L.)  from  icptas, 
'flesh.'  and  uum,',,  'a  preserver.'  A  substance 
discovered  not  long  ago  by  Reichenbach.  It  is 
obtained  from  tar,  by  distillation,  and  appears  to 
be  the  active  antiseptic  and  medicinal  agent  in 
tar-water  and  crude  pyroligneous  acid.  It  is  ;i 
colourless  transparent  fluid,  of  a  penetrating  and 
disagreeable  odour,  and  is  freely  soluble  in  alco- 
hol and  acetic  acid.  Its  taste  is  bitter.  S.  g. 
1*037.  It  coagulates  albumen,  whence  its  haemo- 
static power.  It  is  a  most  powerful  antiseptic; 
and  has  been  largely  administered  in  bemon 
both  internally  and  externally.  As  an  external 
application,  it  has  been  used  in  burns,  ulcers, 
especially  those  <>f  a  sloughing  character,  chronic 
Cutaneous  affections,  and  has  been  applied  to 
tapeworm  when  protruded,  etc.  Internally,  it 
has  h,M-n  administered  in  phthisis,  vomiting, 
-  mellitus,  nervous  diseases,  chronic 
glanders,  Ac,  The  dose  internally  is  one  or  two 
rnally,  it  is  sometimes  applied  pure  ; 
at  others,  diluted,  and  commonly  with  WSter, 
(f3£s  to  f^vj  :)  ox  in  the  form  of  ointment.  ~ 
to   ^i  of  OCT 

I  REASOTE  PLANT,  Larrea  Mexicans. 

(  RB'ATINB,    Cre'atin,    Creati'na,    Kre'atine, 

from  /cocas,  '  flesh.'  A  nitrogenized  crystallizablo 
neutral   substance,   obtained    by    the   agency  of 


CREATININE 


2  5G 


CRETACEOUS 


water  and  heat  in  making  broths  and  soup?.     It 
doss  not  combine  either  with  acids  or  alkalies. 

By  the  action  of  strong  acids,  creatine  is  con- 
verted into  Creatinine  ur  Kreatinine,  a  substance 
which  has  a  strong  alkaline  reaction,  and  forms 
crystallizable  salts  with  acids.  It  preexists  to  a 
small  extent  in  the  juice  of  flesh  ;  and  is  found 
in  conjunction  with  creatine  in  urine. 

CREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

CREATOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREAZOTON,  Creasote. 

CREEPER,  TRUMPET,  Tecoma  radicans— 
c.  Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma 
radicans. 

CREEPERS,  Fidgets. 

ORE  MA  SOX,  Pyrosis. 

CREMAS'TER,  Snspendic'  ulum,Eleva'tor  Tes- 
tic'idi,  J/us'culus  Testis  seu  Testicon'dus.  That 
which  suspends;  from  Kpcfiau,  'I  suspend.'  The 
Greeks  designated,  by  this  term,  the  spermatic 
cord,  or  all  the  parts  by  which  the  testicle  is, 
as  it  were,  suspended;  but,  since  Yesalius,  it  has 
received  its  present  limited  meaning.  The  cre- 
master  is  a  very  thin,  muscular  fascia — sometimes 
hardly  perceptible  —  which  detaches  itself  from 
the  internal  oblique  muscle;  passes  through  the 
abdominal  ring,  and  vanishes  around  the  tunica 
vaginalis;  serving  to  draw  up  the  testicle,  and 
to  move  it  slightly.  It  has  been,  also,  called 
Tunica  Erythroi'elcs  and  Suspenses' 'rium  Testis. 

CREMASTERIC,  Gremaster'icus,  same  ety- 
mon as  Cremaster.  Appertaining  or  relating  to 
the  cremaster, — as  'cremasteric artery,' — a  brunch 
of  the  epigastric. 

CREME,  Chrisma. 

CREME,  Cream — c.  Midieinal,  see  Cream — c. 
de  Sou/re,  Sulphur  prajcipitatuni — c.  de  Tartre, 
Potassse  supertartras. 

CREMER.  The  common  name  for  a  disease 
frequent  in  Hungary,  which  is  produced  by  ex- 
cess in  eating  and  drinking. — Chomel. 

CREMNOI,  plural  of  Kpn/xvos,  'a  steep  bank.' 
The  lips  of  an  ulcer.  The  Labia  puden'di. — Hip- 
pocrates, Foesius. 

CREMNON'CUS,  from  k^jivoi,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi,'  and  oy>cos,  'a  tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the 
labia  pudendi. 

CREMOR  LACTIS,  Cream  —  c.  Tartari,  Po- 
tassae  supertartras — c.  Urinie,  see  Urine. 

CRENA,  Crenatu'ra,  Dentic'ulus,  (F.)  CrSne- 
lure.  In  the  plural,  the  small  teeth  or  projec- 
tions in  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  by  means  of 
which  an  accurate  junction  is  formed  at  the  su- 
tures. Crenelure  has  also  been  used  in  surgery, 
for  the  gutter  or  groove  in  certain  instruments, 
which  is  generally  intended  to  secure  the  passage 
of  cutting  instruments  ;  the  groove,  for  example, 
of  a  director. 

CRENATURA,  Crena. 

CREXELURE.  Crena. 

CRE'OLE,  (S.)  Criollo;  from  (S.)  eriar,  e  to 
create  or  foster.'  A  native  of  America,  or  of  the  I 
West  Indies,  born  of  parents  who  have  emigrated 
from  the  Old  World,  or  from  Africa.  Hence 
there  may  be  white  as  well  as  black  Creoles. — 
Tschudi.  " 

CREOPIIAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREPALIA  TEMULENTA,  Lolium  temu- 
lentum. 

CREPANELLA,  Plumbago  Europaea. 

CREPA'TIO,  Crepatu'ra.  from  crepare,  crepa- 
tum,  'to  make  a  noise.'  The  action  of  bursting 
any  seed  by  ebullition.  Coque  ad  crcpatu'ram, 
'Boil  till  it  bursts.' 

CREPATURA,  Hernia, 

CREPIDINES.  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

CREPITANT,  Crep'itating,  Crepitans;  same 
etymon  as  Crepatio.     Crackling. 


Rale  Crepitant  Sec  d  Grosses  Rulles,  '  dry 
crackling  noise  with  formation  of  large  bubbles,' 
is  heard  in  pulmonary  emphysema,  when  the  dis- 
tension becomes  greater  and  greater,  and  is  fol- 
lowed by  rupture  of  the  vesicles.  The  air  forcing 
itself  a  passage  in  the  interlobular  areolar  tissue, 
gives  rise  to  this  Rale  during  inspiration. 

Rale  Crepitant  Sec  of  Lae'nnec,  R.  vesiculaire. 
The  crepitant  rattle, Crepita'tio  resicula'ris,  heard, 
during  respiration,  in  severe  pneumonia  and  in 
oedema  of  the  lung;  so  termed  on  account  of  the 
analogy  between  the  sound  and  that  occasioned 
by  pressing  a  healthy  lung  between  the  fingers. 
It  resembles  the  sound  produced  by  rubbing 
slowly  and  firmly  between  the  finger  and  thumb 
a  lock  of  hair  near  the  ear.  The  Rhonchus  crepi- 
tans reelux,(F.)  Rale  crepitant  redux,  is  the  sound 
heard  in  respiration  coexistent  with  the  resolution 
of  pneumonia.  It  indicates  the  return  of  the  cells 
to  the  pervious  condition. 

CREPITATIO,  Crepitation  — c.  Yesicularis, 
Crepitation. 

CREPITA'TION,  Crepita'tio,  CrejSitus,  from 
crepitare,  'to  make  a  noise.'  Crackling.  Cre- 
pitation or  crepitus,  (F.)  Cliquetis,  has  been  used, 
in  Surgery,  to  designate  the  noise  occasioned  by 
the  friction  of  fractured  bones,  when  the  surgeon 
moves  them  in  certain  directions.  When  it  can- 
not be  heard  at  a  distance,  it  may  be  detected  by 
the  immediate  application  of  the  ear,  or  by  the 
use  of  the  stethoscope.  Crepitus  or  crackling  is, 
likewise,  met  with  in  cases  of  gangrene,  when  air 
is  effused  into  the  areolar  membrane  —  provided 
the  part  be  carefully  examined  with  the  fingers. 
The  same  term  is  used  for  the  cracking  of  the 
joints  in  health  or  disease. 

CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart— c.  Lupi,  Ly- 
coperdon. 

CRESCENTIA,  Growth. 

Crescen'tia  Cuje'te;  called  after  Crescentio, 
an  Italian  writer  on  agriculture  ;  Cujtte,  Xarrow- 
leaved  Ccdabash  Tree.  Orel.  Solaneae.  The  pulp 
of  the  fruit  of  this  West  India  plant  is  acidulous. 
It  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  headach ;  and,  in  syrup, 
for  diseases  of  the  chest. 

CRESCENTRE,  Waxing  kernels. 

CRESERA.  see  Cribration. 

CRESPINUS.  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

CRESS,  BITTER,  COMMON,  Cardamine  pra- 
tensis— c.  Garden,  Lepidium  sativum — c.  Indian, 
Tropaeolum  majus — c. Meadow,  Cardamine  praten- 
sis  —  c.  Penny,  Thlaspi  —  c.  Swines',  Cochleaiia 
coronopus  —  c.  Water,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium — 
c.  Water,  marsh,  Nasturtium  palustre. 

CRESSES,  DOCK,  Lapsana  — c.  Sciatica,  Le- 
pidium Iberis. 

CRESSI,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRESSON  ALEXOIS,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  Elegant,  Cardamine  pratensis — c.  de  Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium  —  c.  des  Indes,  Tropaeo- 
lum  majus — c.  des  Jardins,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  du  Jfexique,  Tropaeolum  majus  —  c.  de  Para, 
Spilanthus  oleraceus — c.  des  Pres,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

CREST,  Crista— c.  of  the  Ilium,  see  Crista  of 
the  Ilium — c.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Crista  of  the  Pu- 
bis— c.  of  the  Tibia,  see  Crista  of  the  Tibia — c.  of 
the  Urethra,  see  Crista  urethralis. 

CRETA,  Car'bonas  calcis  friab'ilis,  Car'bonas 
calca'reus,  Glisomar'go,  Melia  Terra,  Chalk.  Car- 
bonate of  Lime,  (F.)  Craie.  Native  friable  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

Creta  PrepARA'tA,  Car'bonas  Calcis  prcepa- 
ra'tus,  Prepared  Chalk.  (Prepared  by  levigation.) 
Used  externally,  as  an  absorbent;  internally,  as 
an  antacid.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  3J  or  more. 

CRETA'CEOUS,  Creta'ceus,  (F.)  Crayeux,  from 
creta,   '  chalk.'      Containing,   or   relating  to,   or 


CRETE 


CRICOID 


baring  the  characters  of,  ehalk;  as  '  cretaceous 
mixture,  cretaoeaaa  hibei 

CRETE,  Crista — t.  de  Coq,  Crista  galli — c.  de 
fJStkmoidt  Crista  gaili  —  e.  UritkraU,  Gallinagi- 
nis  caput. 

CRETEFAC'TION,  CreiefaefHo,  from  crcta, 
'  chalk.'  and  /aetre,  factum,  'to  make.'  Forma- 
tion of,  or  oooTersioo  into  chalk,  as  the  conver- 
sion of  tabemles  into  calcareous  or  cretaceous 
concretions;   '  'aleification. 

CRETBS  DE  COQ,  see  Crista. 

QRJSTIN.     One  affected  with  cretinism.    The 
word  is  said  ro  come  from  Ckrttien,  'Christian,' 
-      the   Cretin,  being  in  a  state  of  idiocy,  is 
boapahl  ■  of  c  immitting  any  .-in  [? 

C'INISM,  Cretinia'mue,  Crefinage,  ' 
'inia'mue,  Kretinie'mua,  IdiotVa  endem'ica, 
Idiotinm'ua  endem'icva,  Fatu'itaa  convall'inua 
seu  AlpicoWrum,  ifierenceph'alon,  (F.)  Criti- 
iiiKin>.  An  epidemic  affection  in  the  low,  deep, 
narrow  situations  of  the  Yalais  ;  in  the  valley  of 
Aost.  Maurienne,  a  port  of  Switzerland,  the  Pyre- 
nees. Tyrol,  4c  It  is  a  Btate  of  idiocy,  com- 
monly accompanied  by  an  enormous  goitre,  and 
is  often  here  litary.  The  unfortunate  cretin  is 
little  better  than  the  animals  around  him.  lie 
rarely  attains  an  advanced  age.  Like  idiocy, 
cretinism  has  been  divided  into  complete  and  in- 
eompl 

CREUSET,  Crucible. 

CREUX  DE  UAISSELLW,  see  Axilla— c.  de 
<in  fa  nr — c.  '/'  /a  Main.  Palm. 

CREUZNACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Crenznach  are  in  Germany.  They 
contain  iodine,  hromine,  and  the  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

CREUZOT,  .MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  C.  is 
a  mountain  to  the  north-east  of  Mount  Cenis. 
Near  it  i.-  a  saline  chalybeate  spring. 

CREVASSE,  F.)  A' ima,  from crever,  'to break 
or  crack.'     A  crack,  a  cleft.     The  words  en 

re,  and  rhagade  are  often  used  syno- 
nymously for  small  longitudinal  cracks  or  chaps 
of  a  more  or  less  painful  character.  Sometimes, 
is  employed  to  designate  the  solutions  of 
continuity  or  ruptures,  which  supervene  in  dis- 
tended parts,  in  the  urinary  passages,  uterus,  &c. : 
it  is  then  synonymous  with  rupture. 

CREWDS,  Rub 

CREWEL,  Primula  veris. 

CRI,  Cry  —  '•.  de  <'nir,  Bruit  de  Craquement, 
Crni/iK  m,  nt  de  cuir  neuf. 

CUIl:  I.E.  Cribratus. 

CRIBB  \.  Be  ■  Cribration. 

CRIBBA'TION,  Cribra'tio,  Coaeinia'mua,  from 
tribrare,  cribratum,  'to  sift.'     Sifting.     A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  which   consists  in  separat- 
ing  the  finer   parts   of   drugs    from   the    coarser. 
Drumticvea,    are    used    for  this    purpose, 
were   formerly  called   Cribra  ;    Coe'cinoi. 
■    for  separating   the    bran    from   meal  was 
termed  Aleurote'aie,  Cribrum  Pollina'- 

riiim. 

CRIBRA'TUS,    Cribro'aua,   from    cribrum,   'a 
( 'i  iblS.     Having  holes  like  a  sii  re. 
Lame  criblSe,  Crib'riform  plaU ,  is  the  horizontal 
lamina  of  the  ethmoid  hone — so  called  be< 

•rated  like  a  Bieve.     Through  the  perfora- 
Param'ina  cribro'aa,  the  olfactory  nerves 
pass. 

La'mina  Cribro'aa  of  Albinus;  Crib'riform  let- 
met? la  —  a  circular  spot,  perforated  with  small 
boles,  seen  when  the  optic  nerve  Is  regarded  from 
the  Inside,  after  removing  the  retina  and  choroid. 
From  these  holes  the  medullary  matter  may  he 
expr< 

CRIB'RIFORM,  Cribriform'!*,   from  cribrum, 
17 


'a  sieve.'  and  forma,  '  form.'  The  ethmoid  bone 
was  formerly  so  called. — Oa  Cribrifor'mi. 

CRIBRIFORM  COMPRESS.  A  square  piece  of 
linen  pierced  with  ■  number  of  holes.     This  is 

spread  with  cerate  and  applied  to  a  suppurating 
surface,  the  holes  being  intended  for  the  escape 
of  the  pus. 

Cribriform  Fascia,  see  Fascia,  eribriform — e. 
Lamella,  see  Cribratus — c.  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid, 
Bee  Cribratus. 

CKIBROSUS,  Cribratna. 

CRIBRUM   POLLINARIUM,  see  Cribration. 

CRICARTTENODES,  Crieo-arytenoid. 

CRICELLA'SIA,  Crieela'eia,  KfHKrjXaota,  from 
icpiKos,  'a  circle,'  and  c\avvu>,  '1  drive.'  An  exer- 
cise with  the  ancients,  which  appears  to  have 
been  the  same  as  the  childish  play  of  rolling  the 
hoop. 

CRICK  IN  THE  NECK,  Shoot,  (Prov.)  Hod. 
A  painful  rheumatic  affection  of  the  muscles  of 
the  neck,  which  causes  the  person  to  hold  his 
head  to  one  side  in  a  characteristic  manner. 

CRICO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

C  R  I C  0-A  R  Y  T'E  NOI 1),  Crieo-aryU  noldt  w», 
Cricanjteno'dea.  Relating  to  the  cricoid  and  ary- 
tenoid cartilages. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid  Muscle,  Crieo-arytenoidena 
lateru'lia,  Crico-latSro-arytSnoidien.  A  muscle 
which  proceeds  from  the  lateral  part  of  the  supe- 
rior edge  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  outer  and 
anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  carti- 
lage. It  carries  the  arytenoid  cartilage  outward 
and  forward. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid,  Poste'rior  ;  Crico-aryte- 
no'ideua  posti'ens,  Vrico-creti-arteno'idien,  Dila- 
tateur  poatMeur  du  Larynx.  A  small,  triangular 
muscle,  seated  in  the  back  part  of  the  larynx.  It 
extends  from  the  prominent  line,  at  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage,  to 
the  outer  and  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
arytenoid  cartilage. 

Crico-Arytenoideus  Supe'rior,  of  Winslow, 
forms  part  of  the  Arytenu'idcui  of  modern  anato- 

<  mCO -  CRETI-AR  YTENOIDIEX.  Crico- 
arytenoid, posterior  —  c.  Latfro-arytinoidien, 
Crico-arvtenoi'l. 

CRICO  PHARYNGEAL,  Crico-Pharynge'ua. 
Belonging  to  the  cricoid  cartilage  and  pharynx. 

CriCO-PhARYNGEUS  muscles  of  Winslow,  is  a 
fleshy  bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  Conatrictor 
Pharyngia  inferior.  He  calls  the  other  part 
Thyro-pharynge'ua,  and  proposes  to  call  the 
whole  Thyro-crico-pharyngeua. 

CRICO-THYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean. 

CRICO-THYROIDEAN,  Crico-thyroid,  Crico-thy- 
reo'dea,  Crico-thyreoVdea,  Crico-thyreoHdeua.  Be- 
longing to  the  cricoid  and  thyroid  cartila 

Crico-Thyroid  Membrane  is  of  a  fibrous  na- 
ture, and  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  the 
cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
thyroid. 

(  Kico-TfiYROin  Muscle,  Crico-thyrdtdeue,  (F.) 
Dilatateur  antirieur  du  larynx,  is  a  small  fleshy 
bundle,  of  a  triangular  shape,  at  the  anterior  and 
inferior  part  of  the  larynx.  It  extends  from  the 
outer  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  inferior  margin  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  and  its  use  Is  to  approximate,  anteriorly, 
the  corresponding  margins  of  the  cricoid  and  thy- 
roid cartilages  :  and  thus  to  stretch  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  which  it  contracts  by  separating 
the  thyroid  cartilage  from  the  arytenoid. 

CRWO-TB  TRO-PHAR  7N9JEN,  Constric- 
tor pharyngis. 

CRICOID,   Orieofdene,   CricoVdea,    Crieo'dea, 

Annul, i'  rin,  <  'i/iuh'i/'i'  rix,  from  kpikos,  'a  ring.' 
and    ttcoi,  'form.'     Having  the  form  of  a  ring. 


CRICOIDES 


5  8 


CROC1D1XIS 


A  name  given  to  one  of  the  cartilages  of  the 
larynx,  Cartila'go  innomina'ta,  (F.)  Cartilage 
anonyme,  which  is  situate  at  its  lower  part,  be- 
tween the  thyroid  and  tirst  ring  of  the  trachea. 
It  is  much  higher  behind  than  bet'ure. 
C1UC0IDES,  Annular,  Cricoid. 
CRICOS,  Ring. 

CRIMNO'D  E  3,  Crimndi'des,  from  Koipvov, 
'coarse  meal,  bran,'  and  utog,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  meal  or  bran.  Applied  to  urine, 
which  deposits  a  bran-like  sediment,  Orimno'dea 
Uri'na. 
CRIMNON,  Farina. 

CRIXA'LE.   from   crinis,   'hair.'     An    instru- 
ment formerly  used  to  compress  in  cases  of  fis- 
tula lacrymalis.     It  has  its  name  from   the   cir- 
cumstance of  its  having  at  one  end  a  small  cushion  j 
stuffed  with  hair. — Scultetus. 

CRINA'TUM.  A  species  of  fumigation,  used 
by  Paulus  of  JEgina.  The  roots  of  lilies  entered 
into  the  process;  hence  its  name,  —  from  icpivov, 
'  the  lily.' 

CRINES,  Hair. 
CRINIS,  Capillus. 
CRIXKLE-CRAXKLE,  Wrinkle. 
CRINOM'YRON,  from  Kptvov,  'the  lily.'  and 
pvpov,    'ointment.'        Ungnen'tiim     lilia'ceum,     U. 
^E</yp'tium   album,    U.   Susi'num.     An   ointment, 
composed  of  lilies  and  some  aromatic  plants. — 
Gorraeus. 

CRIXON.  Lilium  candidum. 
CRIXOXES.  see  Acne  punctata. 
CRIOLLO.  Creole. 

CRIOMYX'03.  In  antiquity,  one  who  had 
much  mucus  flowing  from  his  nasal  fossa\  like 
the  ram:  from  icpios,  'a  ram,'  and  fiv^a,  'mucus.' 

CRISIS,  Diac'risis,  Dijudica'tio,  '  decision  ;' 
from  Acptrw,  'I  decide.'  This  word  has  been  used 
in  various  acceptations.  Some  mean  by  crisis  of 
a  disease,  when  it  augments  or  diminishes  consi- 
derably, becomes  transformed  into  another,  or 
ceases  entirely.  Some  have  used  the  word  to 
signify  only  the  favourable  changes  which  super- 
vene in  disease  ;  others,  for  the  change  going  on 
in  the  acme  or  violence  of  the  disease.  Others, 
again,  have  given  this  name  only  to  a  rapid  and 
favourable  change,  joined  to  some  copious  eva- 
cuation or  eruption  ;  whilst  others  have  applied 
the  term  to  the  symptoms  that  accompany  such 
change,  and  not  to  the  change  itself:  —  thus  in- 
cluding, under  the  same  denomination,  the  criti- 
cal phenomena  and  the  crisis. 

CRISPA'TIOX,  Crispatu'ra,  from  crispare. 
crispatum,  'to  wrinkle.'  A  contraction  or  spas- 
modic constriction,  which  supervenes  in  certain 
parts,  either  spontaneously  or  by  the  influence  of 
some  morbific  cause  or  therapeutical  agent.  The 
capillary  vessels  of  a  wound  are,  by  the  French, 
termed  crispes,  when,  immediately,  after  an  ope- 
ration, the  blood  does  not  flow  from  them.  The 
skin  is  said  to  be  crispee,  when  contracted,  and 
the  bulbs  of  the  hair  become  more  prominent. 
Crispation  of  the  nerves  is  a  slight  convulsive 
motion  of  external  or  internal  parts,  much  less 
than  that  which  occurs  in  convulsion. 

CRISTA.  Ambe,  Ambon.  A  crest.  (T.)  Crete 
A  name  given  to  several  bony  projections;  also, 
to  the  clitoris. 

The  word  Cretes  (F.).  Crista,  is  also  used,  in 
France,  for  fimbriated  excrescences,  which  form 
at  the  anus,  and  near  the  genital  organs;  and  are 
commonly  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus.  Cretes 
de  Coq  are  syphilitic  excrescences,  resembling,  in 
form,  the  crest  of  the  cock. 

Crista  Galli;  two  Latin  words,  signifying 
the  comb  of  a  cock,  (F.)  Crete  de  I'ethmo'ide.  C. 
de  Coq.  A  flat,  triangular  process,  rising  above 
the  cribriform  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  re- 


sembling a  cock's  comb.     It  gives  attachment  to 
the  anterior  part  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Crista  or  Crest  op  the  Il'h.m,  is  the  supe- 
rior margin  of  the  ilium  : — the  Crista  or  Crest  of 
the  Tib' ia,  the  anterior  edge,  the  shin  :  and  the 
Crista  or  Crest  of  the  Pubis,  the  posterior  sharp 
edge  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  bone.  Winslow 
calls  the  nymplne,  Cristas  of  the  elit'oris  ;  and 
Chaussier,  the  verumontanum,  Crista  Urethral - 
lis,  Crest  of  the   Urethra. 

Crista  Interna,  Frontal  Spine  —  c.  Sphenoi- 
dalis,  Sphenoidal  spine  —  c.  Tibiae,  Shin  —  c. 
Urethralis,  Gallinagiuis  caput. 

Crista  Vestib'uli,  Eminen'tia  2^Jrnmida'li8. 
A  crest  which  divides  the  vestibule  of  the  ear 
into  two  fossa,  —  one  inferior  and  hemispherical, 
called  Fo'vea  hemispha'  rica,  Sinus  rotun'dus  ;  the 
other  superior  and  semi-elliptical,  Fo'vea  ellip'- 
tica  seu  semi-eliip'tica  seu  hemi-ellipt'  ica,  Sinus 
ovatus.  Morgagni  has  described  a  third  groove- 
like fossa,  Reces'sus  seu  fo'vea  sulciform'is,  situ- 
ate at  the  mouth  of  the  common  orifice  of  the  two 
superior  semicircular  canals. 

CRISTA  CLITORIDIS,  Xymphse. 
CR  IS TA L  L IX.  Cry s tallin e. 
CRISTALLINE,    Mesembryanthemum    crys- 
tallinum. 

CRISTALLOIDITIS,  Phacitis. 
CRITHE.  Hordeolum,  Hordeum,  Penis. 
CRITIIIDIOX.  Hordeolum. 
CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM,  Oriihmnm,  Ca- 
chri/s  marit' ima,  Foenic'ulum  mari'num,  Samphire, 
(F.)   Passe-pierre,    Perce-pierre,    Fenouil    marin, 
Bacih.     Family,  Umbelliferie.     Sejc.  Syst.    Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.     A   plant  which  grows  on  the 
sea-coasts,  has  a  spicy,  aromatic  flavour,   and  is 
used,  pickled,  as  a  condiment. 

The  Caaponr/a  of  Brazil  is  a  kind  of  crithmum. 
CRIT'ICAL,  Crit'icus,  (F.)  Critique.     Belong- 
ing to  a  crisis. 

Critical  Days,  Dies  crit'ici   seu  judicato'rii 
seu  Decreto'rii  seu  Prin'cipes  seu  liadica'les  seu 
Contemplab'iles  seu  Internun'cii,   (F.)  Jours  cri- 
tiques, are  those  on  which  a  crisis,  it  is  imagined, 
i  is  most  likely  to  happen.     According  to  Hippo- 
;  crates  and  Galen,  the  greatest  number  of  fevers 
terminate  favourably  on  the   7th  day,  and  many 
i;  on  the  14th; —  these  two    days  being  the  most 
propitious.     Xext  to  these  come,  in  order  of  efli- 
'<■  ciency.  the  9th,  11th,  20th  or  21st.  17th.  5th,  4th, 
ii  3d,    l*Sth,   27th,   and   2Sth.     The  sixth  day    was 
!  called   by   Galen,   the    Tyrant,   rvpawng,   because 
j'  the  crises  that  happened  then  were  generally  un- 
favourable.    After  this,    the   most    unfavourable 
i  were  the  Sth,   10th,   12th,  16th,  and  19th.     The 
loth  was  a  sort  of  neutral  day;  the  crises  which 
happened  on  it  being  neither  favourable  nor  un- 
favourable.    Days  were,  also,  divided  into  Inter'- 
calary,  on  which   the   crises    happened   less  fre- 
\   quently.    and   were    less    complete    than    on    the 
critical  or  indicatory  ; — and  into  vacant  and  non- 
dec'  retory,  on  which  a  crisis  hardlj7  ever  occurred. 
ii  According  to  this  division,  they  were  enumerated 
as  follows  : 

!    Critical  days 7th,     14th,   20th,  27th,  34th, 

40th,  60th,  Ac. 

Indicatory  days 4th.  11th,  17th,  24tb,  Ac. 

i|  Intercalary  days 3d.  5th,  6th,  9th,  Ac. 

Xon-decretory  days. .2d,  Sth,  10th,  12th,  13th,  Ac. 

Fortunate  crises  were  considered    to    be  indi- 
|:  cated  by  favourable  signs  appearing  three  dav§ 
before. 

CRITICAL  PERIOD,  see  Menses. 
CRITIQUE.  Critical. 
CROCHET.  Crotchet. 
CROCIDISMUS.  Carphologia. 
CROCIDIXIS,  Carphologia, 


CROC I SUM 


2  59 


CROUP 


Made 


CRO'CINUM,   from   K-poxos,   'saffron.' 
with  saffron;  coloured  with  saffron. 

iCO'DBS,  from  *p**,  'saffron,'  and  utos, 
(.resemblance.1  Certain  troches  in t<»  which  saf- 
fron entered  ai  an  ingredient. — Paolna  of 

CROOODI'LBA,    Steren*    Lacer'tm.     The  ex- 
crements  of  the   crocodile,   which   the  Arabuta 
extolled  as  a  remedy  for  cutaneous   dL-ea- 
which  was  long  nae  1  as  a  oosmetio, 
ckim  ODILIUM,  Behinops. 

OM  I  G   MA,   from    rporof,   'saffron,'   and 

.  •  a  kneaded  or  sqneeied  mass.'     A   kind 

uftroeh,  composed  of  saffron  and  spices. — Galen, 

rides,  Paulus  of  JBgina,  Scribonius  Largos. 

CROCUS,   C.  rari'vus  sen  officina'lie  sen  Aut- 

t,  iaeiu  seu  Orienta'ti*,  Medici'na  Tris/it" ice,  /'<*- 

b'ilie,  Zaffra   .    An'ima  Pmlmo'nmat, 

Jnvit  fl"i.  Saffron,  (F.)  Sn/ran.   Or<l<rn  [ridacess. 

ire  the  parts 
UM'd  in  medicine.  They  are  brought  from  the 
The  odour  is  aromatic,  and  the  taste  aro- 
matic, pungent,  and  hitter:  —  the  colour  deep 
red.  Its  virtues  are  yielded  to  alcohol, 
wine  vinegar  and  water.  It--  operation  has  been 
considered  stimulant,  exhilarating  and  diapho- 
retic     It  is  not  much  used. 

Saffron  is  sometimes  met  with.     It  con- 
:   one  part  of  Baffron  and  nine  of  marigold, 
made  into  a  cake  with  oil,  and  pressed. 

■  s.  Colcothar  —  c  Antimonii,  Oxydum 
stibii  snlphnratum  —  c.  Anstriacns,  Crocus  —  c. 
Oermanicus,  Carthamus  tinotorins  —  c  Indicns, 
Curcuma  longa — e.  Martis  ad-tringens,  Colcothar 
— c.  Martis  aperiens,  Ferri  Bubcarbonas — o.  Mar- 
ti-; vitrioUtus,  Colcothar — c.  Metallornm,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum — c.  Officinalis,  Crocus — c.  Ori- 

-.  Crocus — c.  Saracenicus,  Carthamus  tiuc- 
torius — c.  Sativus,  Crocus. 
CROCYDISMUS,  Carphologia. 
CROIL,  Nanus. 

CROISt  |  P.),  Crucia'tut,  Crotsed.  •  An  epithet  I 
to  paralysis,  when  it  attacks  the  arm  of  one 
ind  the  1<-lc  of  another. 
CROISEMENT,  Crossing. 
CROISSANCE,  Growth. 
CROl.SSANCES,  Waxing  kernels. 
CROISSANTS,  Waxing  kernels. 
CROIX  VE  MALT/:.  Sple'nium  Crueia'tum, 
'ro88    of    Malta.       A    compress, 
_'    the    form    of  the    .Maltese    cross.     It    is 
if  a  piece  of  square  linen,  folded  in  four, 
,  rided  with   scissors  from  each  angle  to  a 
small  distance  from  the  centre.     It  is  used  espe- 
cially after  amputation  of  the  fingers,  penis,  and 
limbs. 

When  the  compress  is  out  in  two  of  its  angles 
it  is  called  the  Half  Maltese  Croat, —  Demi- 

CROK,  Nanus. 

CROMMYON,   Mlium  r-epa. 

I  ROMMYOXYREG'MIA,  from  xpoupvov,  'an 
onion,'  o;is-.  'acid,1  and  priyvvpi,  'to  break  out.' 
Boor,  fetid  eructations,  exhaling  a  smell  similar 
to  that  of  onions. 

CROP  A  I.  E,  Nferium  antidysentericum. 

CROOPBACKED,  Bee  Hump. 

I  ROOPY,  Croupy. 

I  R0PS1  \.  Chromopsia. 

-  M  ILTESE,  Croix  de  Malic. 

-  EYE.  Strabismus. 

CROSSE  DE  VAORTE,  Arch  of  the  aorta. 

MITE.  Acnrus  Crossii. 
CROSSES   PALMAIRES,  Palmar  arches. 
-         IT,  se«    K  . 

■  —  IX..  j  .  ■;  ,  ...  The 
union  of  an  animal  of  one  race  with  0U6  of  an- 
other, in   order  to   improve   the    breed.      In    man, 

I    animals,  the  union  of  near  relatives 


is  apt  to  deteriorate  the  offspring,  and  hence  cross- 
ing is  important  in  hi-  ease. 

i  ROSSWORT,  Bupatorium  perfoliatum,  Ly.-i- 
machia  quadrifolia. 
CR0TAL0PH0RU8,  Crotalos  horridus. 
CROT'ALUS     HOR'RIDUS,    Crotalopk'orue, 
ittleenake,  Cobra  di  CapeUo,  (P.)   Crotale. 
C  tee,  Reptilia,  Ord.  Ophidia.     A  reoomoui  rep- 
tile   of   North    America.      It-   poison   LI   virulent. 
called  from  the  rattle  in  its  tail,  {uporaXov, 
'  a  rattle,'  '  a  small  bell.') 

CROT'APIIK.  Crota'phitm,  from  Kpora&os, 
'temple.'  CephalaVgia  PnUat'tlit,  Cepkala'a 
PuUat'ilia,  Sphygmocepi'aluM,  A  pulsatory  pain, 
chiefly  in  the  temples,  with  drumming  in  the  ears. 
CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal  ar- 
teries. 

CROTAPIIITES.  Temporal  muscle. 
«  ROTAPHIUM,  Crotapbe. 
CROTAPHUS,  Temple,  Temporal  bone. 
CROTCHET,  Ramus.     A  small  hook  or  crook. 
(F.)   Crochet     An  obstetrical   instrument.   whose 
name  indicates  its  shape,  and  which  is  used  in  the 
extraction  ofthefoetus,  when  it  becomes  necessary 
to  destroy  it  to  expedite  delivery.      Crotchets  are 
differently  formed;  BOtae  are  .-harp,  other-  blunt; 
some  contained  in  a  sheath,  others  naked. 
CROTON    BENZOK,  lienjamin. 
Croton  Cascaril'la,  Cortex  EUuthe'n'a,  Cro- 
ton   Eleuthe'ria  sen   Elnte'ria,   Chi'tia    BIhU ■';•/<», 
Thus  Judato' rum,  Chacaril'lai  cortex,  CatcariVla, 
Elevte'ria,    Gaecaril'la.      Order,    Euphorbia*  ae. 
Sex.  Syxt.  Monoacia    Monadelphia.     (F.)    Qm'n- 
quina  aromatique,  Caecarifle,  Chacrille.    The  bark 
of   Croton    CaecariUa   of   the    Bahamas,    Cortex 
I  Thurie,    CasoariUa,    (Ph.    U.    S.),    (F.)    Eeorce 
Ueuthirienne,  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour,  and 
bitterish    aromatic    taste.       The    smoke    has   the 
j  odour  of  musk.     The   active  parts  are  an 
I  tial    oil  and    bitter    extractive.     They   are    com- 
pletely extracted  by  proof  spirit.     It  is  tonic  and 
stomachic.   Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ,">s  or  more,  in  powder. 
Croton  ElEOTHERIA,  Croton  cascarilla — c.  Ja- 
malgota,  C.  tiglium — c.  Lacciferum,  see  Lacca  — 
c.  Oil,  Croton  tiglium. 

Croton  P-i  rm.-i  iiina,  Copalchebuth,  A  South 
American  plant,  which  yields  a  bark — Cortex 
Copalche  seu  Copalchi,  very  like  that  of  Casca- 
rilla. 

Croton*  Rati'Mo'stm.  Beenel.  A  small  Mala- 
bar tree,  whose  aromatic  root,  boiled  in  oil  of 
sesame,  is  employed,  by  the  orientals,  as  a  lini- 
ment in  hendach  and  rheumatism. 
Croton  SEBDS,  see  Croton  tiglium. 
Crotoi  T ifl ' 1. 1 t'M.  C.Jama tgo'ta,  Cadt  1-Avanacu. 
i  F.i  /''tit  l'li/nun  nJInde.  A  Ceylonese  plant, 
every  part  of  which  il  endowed  with  medicinal 
power.  The  root  18  a  drastic  cathartic  :  the  wood, 
Lignum  Pava'nai,  Pavana  wood,  and  thi 
have  like  virtues.  The  seeds  have  been  long 
known  under  the  name-,  Grant!  ifolnc'ea,  Ti/'ii 
Grana,  and  Grana  Tl'/'lii  sen  Tig'lia,  Croton 
tcede,  Pnrging  nute.  From  these  set  ds  tbe  Croton 
Oil,  Cleum  Tig'lii,\t  expressed.  It  is  of  a  pale, 
l.p.w  dsb-yellow  colour,  and  hot,  biting  taste; 
and  IS  a  most  powerful  drastic  cathartic.  Dose, 
from  half  a  drop    to    three  drops  made    into   pills 

with  crumb  of  bread.     It   is  also  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  rubefacient,  3  to  5  drops  being  rubbed 

on  the  part  :  or  one  part  of  the  oil  and  three  parts 

of  olive  oil  may  be  added  together,  and  a  little  ol 
this  be  rubbi  d  on. 

I  ROTO'NE,  KpoTuvT].     A  fan  gut,  which  grows 
on  tn  es,  and  i-  produced  by  an  insect,  from  tponiv, 
•a   tick.'     By  extension,  applied   to   ■   fai 
tumour  developed  on  the  periosto  am. 

CROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis  — e,  Bronchial, 
Polypus  bronchialis— c.  Cerebral,  Asthma  tbymi- 


CROUPE 


260 


CRURAL 


cum — c.  Cerebral  spasmodic,  Carpo-pedal  spasm — 
c.  Chronic,  Polypus  bronchialis  —  c.  Faux,  Asth- 
ma thymicum,  see  Cynanche  trachealis. 

Croup,  Hvster'ic.  A  spasmodic  affection  of 
the  laryngeal  muscles  by  no  means  unfrequent  in 
hysterical  females,  —  the  paroxysm  consisting  in 
a  long  protracted,  loud  and  convulsive  cough, 
followed  at  times  by  crowing  respiration,  and 
by  dyspnoea  so  great  as  to  threaten  suffocation. 
The  treatment  is  that  advised  for  hysteria. 

Croup,  Pskudo,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Pseu- 
do-nervenx,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Spasmodic, 
see  Asthma  thymicum,  and  Cynanche  trachealis 
— c.  Spurious,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUPE,  see  Croupion. 

CROUP  ION  (F.),  Uropyg'ium,  Orus,  Orrhos, 
the  Pump.  The  region  of  the  coccyx.  The  Crup- 
per, (F.)   Croupe. 

CROUP-LIKE  INSPIRATION  OF  IN- 
FANTS. Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUP AL,  Croupy. 

CROUPOUS,  Croupy. 

CROUPY,  Croupous,  Crupo'sus,  (F.)  Croupal. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  resembling  croup  ; 
as  a  ' croupy  cough.'     Hoarse.     (Prov.)  Croopij. 

Croupy  IxFLA'sm\'TWS,l)ijiamma'tiocroupo'sa, 
is  the  inflammation  of  a  mucous  membrane,  at- 
tended with  a  pseudo-membranous  exudation. 

CROUTE,  Crusta— c.  de  Lait,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— c.  Lai  te  use,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

CROUTEUX,  Crusted. 

CROWFOOT,  Geranium  maculatum— c.  Brist- 
ly, Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus — c.  Bulbous,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus  —  c.  Bulbous-rooted,  Ranun- 
culus bulbosus  —  c.  Celery-leaved.  Ranunculus 
sceleratus — c.  Crushed,  Ranunculus  sceleratus  — 
c.  Marsh,  Ranunculus  sceleratus — c.  Meadow, 
Ranunculus  acris — c.  Small-flowered,  Ranunculus 
abortivus — c.  Tall,  Ranunculus  acris — c.  Water, 
smaller,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

CROWLING,  Borborygmus. 

CROWN,  Coro'na,  Steph'ane,  (G.)  Krone, 
(F.)  Couronne.  In  anatomy,  this  name  is  given 
to  parts  of  a  circular  form,  which  surmount  other 
portions  of  the  same  body.  Thus,  the  Crown  of 
a  Tooth,  Coro'na  Dentis,  (F.)  Couronne  du  Dent, 
is  the  portion  of  the  tooth  which  projects  above 
the  gum. 

CROWN  OF  THE  HEAD,  Vertex. 

Crown  of  the  Glans,  Coro'na  seu  Tor'idus 
glandis,  (F.)  Couronne  du  (/land,  is  the  round, 
almost  circular,  ring,  which  circumscribes  the 
base  of  the  glans. 

Crown  of  the  Trepan,  Modi'olus,  (F.)  Cou- 
ronne du  Trepan,  is  a  species  of  saw,  in  form  of 
a  crown,  or  rather  of  a  portion  of  a  cylinder, 
having  grooves  on  its  external  surface,  and  teeth  | 
at  its  lower  extremity;  the  other  being  fitted  to 
the  handle  of  the  trepan. 

Crown  of  Venus.  Coro'na  Yen'eris,  Gutta  Po- 
fta'cea  Syphilitica,  (F.)  Couronne  de  Venus.  Red, 
rosy  pustules,  dry  or  moist,  on  the  face;  but  par- 
ticularly on  the  forehead  and  temples,  owing  to 
constitutional  syphilis. 

CROWS'  BEAK-LIKE  PROCESS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CRU,  Crude. 

CRU'CIAL,  from  crux,  crucis,  'a  cross.'  Cru- 
cia'lis.  Crucia'tus.  Having  the  shape  of  a  cross. 
Appertaining  to  a  cross. 

Crucial  Bandage,  T  Bandage. 

Crucial  Incis'ion,  Incisu'ra  crucia'h's,  (F.) 
Incision  cruciate.  An  incision  made  in  the  form 
of  a  cross.  Often  employed  for  exposing  the  cra- 
nium, for  the  purpose  of  applying  the  trepan. 

Crucial  Ligament  of  the  Atlas,  Annular 
ligament  of  the  Atlas. 

Crucial  Lig'aments,    (F.)  Ligaments   croises 


ou  cruciformes.  Two  strong  ligaments  within 
the  knee-joint.  The  anterior  passes  obliquely 
from  a  depression  anterior  to  the  spine  of  tlie 
tibia  to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  exter- 
nal condyle  of  the  femur:  —  the  other,  the  poste- 
rior, extends  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spine 
of  the  tibia  to  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
internal  condvle. 

CRUCIA'fl  DOLO'RES,  Excruciating  pains. 

CRUCIATUS,  Croise. 

CRU'CIBLE,  from  crux,  crucis,  'a  cross  :'  so 
called  —  it  has  been  supposed  —  from  being  made 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  or  from  having  a  cro.-s 
impressed  upon  it.  [?]  Crucib'ulum,  Cati'uus 
fuso'rius,  Tigil'lum,  Albot,  Cemente'rium.  (F.) 
Creuset.  A  vessel  of  earth,  silver,  platinum, 
gold,  blacklead,  &c,  for  receiving  substances, 
which  have  to  be  exposed  to  a  strong  heat.  It 
is  sometimes  covered  with  a  top  or  lid.  (F.)  Cou- 
vercle. 

CRU'CIFORM,  from  crux,  crucis,  'a  cross,'  and 
forma,  'shape;'  Cruciform' is,  Cross-shaped.  A 
name  given  to  the  ligaments  which  close  the  ar- 
ticulations of  the  phalanges;  and  likewise  to  the 
crucial  ligaments. 

CRUDE,  Crudus,  Omus,  (F.)  Cru.  Raw,  un- 
ripe, not  concocted. 

CRUDITAS  MORBI,  see  Crudity— c.  Ventri- 
culi.  see  Crudity. 

CRU'DITY,  Cru'ditas,  Om'otes,  Status  Ontdi- 
ta'tis,  from  crudus,  'crude,'  'un  prepared,'  Incoc'tus. 
Rawness,  Crudeness.  This  has  received  several 
acceptations.  1.  It  expresses  the  quality  of  cer- 
tain aliments,  which  have  not  experienced  the 
action  of  fire.  2.  The  condition  of  matters  in  ti.e 
digestive  tube,  which  have  not  undergone  the  di- 
gestive changes — cru'ditas  ventric'uli ;  and.  3.  In 
the  language  of  the  Humorists,  it  means  the  con- 
dition of  the  morbific  matter  in  a  sick  individual, 
cru'ditas  morbi,  when  it  has  not  yet  been  pre- 
pared or  concocted  by  the  action  of  the  organs— 
Azi/m'ia  humo' 'rum. 

The  word  is  used  in  the  plural.  Cru'dities,  syno- 
nymously with  crude  matters.  (F.)  JIatieres  ernes. 
It  is  applied  to  those,  when  contained  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

CllUE.  Growth. 

CRUELS,  Herpes  Zoster,  Scrofula. 

CRUENTA  EXSPUITIO,  Hamioptvsis. 

CRUES  {Matilres),  see  Crudity. 

CRU.ME'NA  VESI'CiE.  The  cavity  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CRUOR.  Coagulated  blood,  gore.  The  signi- 
fication of  this  word  is  very  vague.  It  has  been 
used  to  designate  blood  in  general,  venous  blood, 
extravasated  or  coagulated  blood,  and  the  colour- 
ing matter. 

Cruor  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRUORIN.  Haematin. 

CR  UP  OS  US,  Croupy. 

CRUPPER,  Croupion— c  Bone,  Coccyx. 

CRUPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

CRURA.  The  plural  of  cms,  'a  leg.'  (F.) 
Cuisse.  Applied  to  some  parts  of  the  body,  from 
their  resemblance  to  legs  or  roots;  as  the  Crura 
cerebri,  Crura  cerebelli,  &c. 

Crura  Anteriora  Medulla  Oblongata.  Pe- 
duncles of  the  brain — c.  Cerebelli,  Peduncles  of 
the  cerebellum — c.  Cerebelli  ad  Corpora  Quadri- 
gemina,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum  —  c. 
Cerebelli  ad  Pontem,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum—  c.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  c. 
Clitoridis  interna,  Bulbus  vestibuli — c.  Medullar 
oblongata?,  Corpora  restiformia,  Thai  ami  nervo- 
rum opticorum,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebelluu. 
— c.  Posteriora  medullas  oblongata?,  Peduncle* 
of  the  cerebellum. 

CRUR^US,  Cruralis. 

CRURAL,    Crura'lis,   from   crus,   cruris,    'the 


CRURAL   ARCH 


2  6  1 


C  R  Y  P  T  A 


thigh,  and    lower  limb.'     What    belongs    to   the 
thigh  or  lower  limb. 

Crural    Aihii.    Tm'guinal   <»r   Ftm'oral   Arch, 
erurale   on   inguinal*   (Ch.),    Pou- 
iwiu's  Licfa  -  mh  is 

formed  by  the  internal  portion  of  the  infer: 
of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  obliquus  extemus  mus- 
cle, which  i?  attached,  at  one  end,  to  the  pubis; 
at  the  other,  to  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
-  of  the  ilium.     At  its  posterior  and  inner 
part,  the  aponeurosis,  forming  the  arch,  send*  off 
>rm  reflection,  which  i>  sttaehed  a', 
'    the  pubis,  and  is  known  under  the  name 
of   (iiMBKKNAT's    Liga mmr.      Beneath    this   arch. 
■  srves,  and  museles  make  their  exit 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  thigh. 

Croh  \i    a  -  ruro'lie,  /" 

.     F.)   Attire  era rale,  A.  Pclui-crurolo,— 
-   the  continuation   of  the  external   iliac. 
nds   from   the   crural  arch  to  the  aperture 
in    the   triceps,  or  to  the  ham.      Chaussier  applies 
the  name  Artere  crurale  to  the  trunk,  which  ex- 
tends  from   the  primitive  or  common   iliac  to  the 
tibial  arteries— embracing,  of  course,  the  external 
femoral,  ami  popliteal. 

W  Carax,  Crural  Ring,  Fern' oral  cnnal 
or  riiiij.   M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  deseribed  this  canal 
with  minuteness,  and  given  it  the  name  Anneau 
crura/,    Anmtam   fimoral.       It   is   nearly  an   inch 
l.-ng.  triangular.  DON  spacious  above  than  below, 
and  shorter  and  broader  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male.     Its  upper  orilice   is   bounded,  anteriorly. 
■  ■rural  arch;  posteriorly,  by  the  crista  of 
the  puhis  ;    on  the  outer  side  by  the  psoas  and 
iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  the  iliac  aponeurosis, 
and.  at  the  inner,  by  Gimbernat's  ligament.     This 
orifice  is  covered  by  the  peritoneum,  and,  accord- 
.  is    closed  by  a  more  or  less 
resisting  septum,   which    he   has    named  Septum 
arura'le,  Crura!  septum.    In  its  course,  the  crural 
canal  has  its  anterior  parietes  formed  by  the  super- 
ficial  expansion   of  the  fascia  lata:   the  j 
by  the  pectineus,  covered  by  the  deep-seat 
pension  of  the  fascia:  and  more  externally  by  the 
ind  iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  an  expan- 
iliaca.     Its  inferior  orifice  is 
i   by  the  foramen  of  the   fascia  lata,  which 
aa  Baphsena,     It  is  at  the 
rifice  of  this  canal,  that  Femoral ot  Crural 
Hernia,  H-  nn'e   inguinale  of   Chaussier,  occurs: 
which   would   he  more  common,   were  it  not  for 
.-'>us  cellular  septum  there  situate. 
Crural   Nbrvb    proceeds    from   the  lumbar 
.   and    is   situate    at  the  outer  side  of   the 
muscle    and    crural    artery.      After    it    has 
'    under    the    crural    arch,"  it    divides    into 
cutaneous   and   muscular  branches.     One  of  the 
branches,  which  is  larger  than  the  rest,  is  called 
hm'na  nerve.      I'  gives  off  filaments  bo  the 
nents  of  the  knee,  to  the  inner  part  of  the 
i   to   the  dorsal   surface  of  the  foot.      The 
remainder  of  the  branches  of  the  crural  are  dis- 
tributed   to   the    anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
wry  <>f  the  I 'rural  Nerve  is  a 
riven  to  the  4th  and  5th  pairs  of  lumbar 

Pi  SXU8   of  Chaussier  is   the  union  of 

terior  branches  of  t!,,.  last  four  pairs  of 

Lam  bar  nerves,  and  the  first  four  sacral;  forming 

the  lumbar  and  attend  plexuses  of  most  auato- 

w.  Ring,  Crural  canal  —  c.  Septum,  see 
Crural  canal. 

Fem'orol  Vein,  has  th«  same 
'  M  the  urtcry.      It  receives  only  one 
irancb,  the  saphsena. 
CRURAL,  Triceps  eruris. 

.rt  of  the   Triceps 
crural  of  the  French,  or  of  the  Trifimororetulien 


of  Chaussier.     The  cruralis  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, outer,  and  inner  part  of  the  thigh.      It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  between  the  two  trochanters,  adheres 
firmly  to  most  of  the  tore  part  of  thi 
and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  upper  part  (/I' 
the  patella,  behind  the  rectus.     Its  use  i>  ;' 
the  vasti  and    rectus   in  the  extension  of  I 
Under Muscle  Trie* ps  Crural,  the  French  describe 
the  cruralis  and  the  two  vasti.     Some  .-mall  mus- 
cular slips,  sometimes   found   under   the   crura-us 
muscle,  and   inserted   into   the  capsular  ligament 
of  the  knee-joint,  have  been  called  Sub-cruras' i. 
CRURIS  RADIUS,  Fibula. 
CRUS,  beg,  Thigh — c.  Fornicis,  see  Fornix. 
CRUST,  K-char — c.  Milk,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
CRUSTA.    A  crust  or  scab,    (F.)  Croutc    An 
assemblage  of  small  flakes,  formed  by  the  drying 
up  of  a  fluid  secreted  by  the  skin. 

The  lining  membrane  id'  the  stomach  and  in- 
testines has  been  called  Crusta  villa 

Crista  Adahaxtina  Dkhtium,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth. 

Crusta  Gem-  Equ  i'n  .k,  Hippogonyofepu*, 
Sweat  or  Knee  Scab,  Mock  or  Encircled  Hoof 
Haulers,  Dvir  Cktws,  Night  Eyes,  Horse 
Crust.  This  morbid  secretion  from  the  horse  has 
been  advised  in  cases  of  epilepsy.  It  is  used  in 
the  form  of  powder  (gr.  ij  to  gr.  xx),  and  of 
tincture. 

Crusta  Inflammatory,  Curium  phlogisticum 
—  c.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis,  P.  lupinosa  —  c. 
Membranacea,  Peristroma— c.  Petrosa,  see  Tooth 
— c.  Phlogistica,  Corium  phlogisticum — c.  Pleure- 
rium  phlogisticum— c.  Pruriginosa,  Gutta 
rosea — c.  Serpiginosa,  Gutta  rosea— c.  Vermicu- 
laris.  Peristroma  —  c.  Villosa  lingua),  see  Tongue 
— c.  Villosa  ventriculi,  see  Stomach. 

CRUSTACjt,  (F.)  Alibert  has  substituted  this 
word,  in  his  Nosology,  for  eroHteux,  'crusty.' 
Having  crusts  or  scabs;  as  Dartre  crueta 

CRUS'TULA.  Diminutive  of  Crusta.  A 
small  shell  or  scab.  An  ecchymosis  of  the  con- 
junctiva. 

CRUSTUMI'NATUM.  A  rob,  prepared  from 
the  Pura  Cruetumi'na  or  Crustumeri'na,  (so  called 
from  Crustuminum,  a  town  in  Italy,  where  they 
grew.)  boiled  with  honey  or  in  rain-water. — 
Act  ius. 

<  KIT.  Nanus. 

CRUX  CERVI.  An  ancient  appellation  for 
the  bone  in  the  heart  of  the  stag.  It  was  once 
considered  useful  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

CRY.   Clamor,   BoS,  (J?.)  Cri.     The   sound   of 
the  unarticulated  voice.     The  native  voice,  which 
the  idiot  and  deaf  possess  equally  with  the  man 
of  genius  and  hearing.      The  cry  of  the  new-born 
child  has  been  called  Vagi'tue,  (F.J  Vagist 
W  '•■   say,  "A  cry  of  joy,  of  pleasure,   of  pain" 
<kc,  according  to  the   expression  which  it  may 
convey  to  the  hearer. 
CRYING,  Parturition. 
CRYING-OUT,  Parturition. 
CRYMO'DES,    from    cpvuos,   'cold.'      A    conti- 
nued fever.  Febris  erymo'des,  in  whieh  the  inter- 
nal  parts    feel    hot.   and   the  external  eold;    and 
whieh  was  attributed  to  an  erysipelatous  mflam- 
mation  <>f  the  lungs. — Aetiue,  Gorrsan*. 

CRYMODYN'IA,  from  ufmmoc,  •cold,'  and  oSwn, 
'pain.'  Chronic  rheumatism,  and  all  its  modifi- 
cations.—  Baumes. 

CRYMO'SIS,  from  Kfjvuos,  'cold.'  Diseases 
oaused  by  the  action  of  cold. —  Baun 

CRYPSOR'CHIS,  from  spvrru,  'I  conceal,' 
and  opxts,  'a  testicle.'  Cryptor'chis,  Testicon'dus. 
One  in  whom  the  totes  have  not  descended  into 
the  scrotum.  The  state  is  Bailed,  CryptorckioW- 
inns,  Parorehid'ium. 

CRYPTA,  from  Kpvrrrof,  'concealed.'  FoUic*- 
ulose    yland,    Lucu'na,    FoUie'ulus,    (F.)    CryptCf 


CRTPTE 


2  62 


CUB  IT  0-  CA  R  PIEK 


Follicule.  A  crypt  or  follicle  is  a  small,  round- 
ish, hollow  body,  situate  in  the  substance  of  the 
skin  or  mucous  membranes  —  Crypta  muco'sn, 
Foil ic' ul its  muco'sus  —  and  constantly  pouring  the 
fluid,  which  it  secretes,  on  their  surfaces. 

The  use  of  the  cryptal  or  follicular  secretion, 
is  to  keep  the  parts  on  which  it  is  poured  supple 
and  moist,  and  to  preserve  them  from  the  action 
of  irritating  bodies  with  which  they  have  to  come 
in  contact. 

The  little  rounded  appearances  at  the  ends  of 
the  small  arteries,  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney,  are  also  called  Crypta. 
Crypta  Mucosa,  see  Crypta. 
Ckyptj:      Likberk'u'hnian^e,     Lieberkiihn's 
glands — c.  Sebaceae,  Sebaceous  glands. 
CRYPTE,  Crypta. 

CRYPTOCEPII'ALUS,  from  Kpvnros,  'con- 
cealed,' and  KsQu'Xr],  '  head.'  A  monster  whose 
head  is  excessively  small,  and  does  not  appear 
externally. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum,  Torula  cere- 
visia?— c.  Cerevisia?,  Torula  cerevisia?. 

CRYPTODID'YMUS,  Foetus  mfcetu.  A  mon- 
strosity, in  which  one  foetus  is  found  contained 
in  another. 

CRYPTO  G'AMOUS,  Cryptogam' ic,  Crypto- 
gam'icus;  from  icpv-Tos,  'concealed,'  and  yafxos, 
'marriage.'  An  epithet  applied  by  botanists  to 
plants  whose  organs, of  fructification  are  concealed 
or  not  manifest.  Ag'amous  plants  are  those  whose 
sexual  organs  are  not  known. 

CRYPTOPY'IC,    Cryptopy'icua,    from    kovktu, 
(I  conceal,'  and  rrvov,  'pus.'     A  state  of  disease, 
kept  up  by  an  occult  abscess. 
CRYPTOPYICUS,  Crvptopyic. 
CRYPTORCHIDISM^,  see  Crypsorchis. 
CRYrPTORCHIS,  Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTS   OF  LIEBERKUHN,  see  Intestine 
— c.  Synovial,  Bursa1  mucosae. 

CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  Potassa?  nitras  fusus 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTAL'LL     Vesicles  filled  with  a  watery 
fluid.     They  are   also   called   crystal' Hike.     Pro- 
bably the  pemphigus  of  modern  writers. 
Crvstai.li  Lun.e,  Argenti  nitras. 
CRYSTALLIN,  Crystalline. 
CRYSTAL'LIXA,    from    KfjvaraWog,    'crystal.' 
A  vesicle   or  phlyctoena,  filled  with  serum,  and 
appearing  on  the  prepuce  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  extravasated  aure- 
ola.    It  may  be  syphilitic  or  not.     See  Crystalli. 
Crystallina  Tunica,  Arachnoid  membrane. 
CRYS'TALLINE,   Crystal' linus.     Having  the 
appearance  of  crystal. 

Crys'talline,  Crys'talline  humour  or  Lens  or 
Body,  Crystal' linns,  Lens  crystal' I  inn  seu  crystal- 
lo'i'des,  Corpus  Crystal' I inum  seu  Disco'i'des  seu 
Crystallo'i'des  seu  Phaco'i'des,  Humor  crystal' linus 
seu  glacia'/is,  Phace,  Phacea,  Phacus,  Gemma  Oc'- 
nli,  (F.)  Cristallin  ou  Crystallin,  Humeur  crystal- 
line,Corps  crystal/ in  seu phaco'ide,  Lentille  crystal- 
line. A  lenticular,  transparent  body,  situate  be- 
tween the  vitreous  and  aqueous  humours  of  the 
eye,  at  the  union  of  the  anterior  third  with  the  two 
posterior  thirds  of  the  organ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
soft  exterior  substance  ;  and  an  interior,  composed 
of  an  albuminoid  substance,  called  Crys'talline 
or  Krys'talline  by  Hiinefeld,  (F.)  Crystalline, 
forming  a  solid  nucleus,  in  which  a  number  of 
elliptical  layers  is  perceptible.  It  is  contained 
in  a  capsule,  called  Tu'nica  ara'nea  seu  crystal'- 
lina,  Cap'sula  lentis,  and  receives,  at  its  posterior 
surface,  a  small  branch  of  the  central  artery  of 
the  retina,  which  is  always  readily  distinguish- 
able in  the  foetus,  prior  to  the  seventh  month  of 
utero-gestation. 

The  use  of  the  crystalline  is  to  refract  the  rays 
of  light,  and  to  serve  as  an  achromatic  glass:  for 


which  its  laminaB  or  layers,  increasing  in  refrac- 
tive power  from  the  circumference  to  the  centre, 
admirably  adapt  it. 

CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 
CRYSTALLION,  Plantago  psyllium. 
CRYSTALLITES,  Phacitis. 

CRYS'TALLOID,  Crystalloi 'des,  from  Kpvara'X- 
\os,  'crystal,'  and  tiSog,  'form,'  •resemblance.' 
Resembling  crystal  or  the  crystalline.  The  cap- 
sule or  membrane  of  the  crystalline.  Also,  the 
crystalline  itself. 

CRYSTALLUS  MLXERALIS,  Potassse  nitras 
fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTALS,  BLOOD,  Haematoidin. 
CRYSTAL: X  D'HEMATINE,  Haamatoidin. 
CRYTIIE,  Hordeolum. 
CTEDOX.  Fibre. 
CTEIS.  Pubes. 

CTESIPHOX'TIS    MALAG'MA.     A   plaster 
employed  and  described  by  Celsus. 
CUBA,  see  Havana. 
CUBAL  SIXI,  Piper  cubeba. 
CUBATIO,  Decubitus. 
CUBEBA,  Piper  Cubeba. 
CUBIFORMIS,  Cuboid. 
CUBIT,  Uina— c.  Top  of  the,  Olecranon. 
CU'BITAL,  Cuhita'lis,  Ulnar,  Ulna'ria.     Con- 
nected  with  or  relating  to  the  cubitus,  or  to  the 
inner  and  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 

Cubital  Artery,  Arte'ria  cubita'lis,  A.  ulna'- 
ris,  arises  from  the  humeral  a  little  below  the 
bend  of  the  elbow;  proceeds  along  the  anterior 
and  inner  part  of  the  forearm  ;  passes  anterior  to 
the  ligamentum  annulare  of  the  carpus,  and  goes 
to  form,  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  superficial 
palmar  arch.  Besides  the  numerous  muscular 
branches,  which  it  gives  off  in  its  course,  it  sends 
posteriorly  the  common  trunk  of  the  interosseous 
arteries,  and  internally,  the  two  cubital  recur- 
rents,  anterior  and  posterior, — articular  branches, 
which  anastomose  on  the  inside  of  the  elbow  with 
the  divisions  of  the  humeral  artery. 

Cubital  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Cubita'lis  ante'rior  seu  inter'nus,  Flexor  cvnpi 
ulna'ris,  Ulna'ris  inter'nus,  Epitrochli-cubito-car- 
pien,  Cubito-carpien  —  (Ch.),  is  a  long  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  fore- 
arm. It  arises  from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  olecranon,  and 
from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  tendon  into  the  os  pisiforme.  Its 
use  is  to  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm,  by  di- 
recting it  slightly  inwards.  2.  The  Cubita/is 
poste'rior  seu  exter'nus,  Exten'sor  Carpi  ulna'ris, 
Ulna'ris  exter' nus,  Cubite'its  exter'nus,  Cubito-sns- 
metacarpien  —  (Ch.),  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
cond}de  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  fifth  bone  of  the  meta- 
carpus. Its  use  is  to  extend  the  hand,  inclining 
it  a  little  inwards. 

Cubital  Nerve,  Ulnar  nerve,  Cubito-digital — 
(Ch.),  is  furnished  by  the  last  two  or  three  nerves 
of  the  brachial  plexus,  and  is  distributed  to  the 
inner  and  anterior  side  of  the  forearm ;  to  the 
inner  part  of  the  palm  and  of  the  back  of  the 
hand,  and  to  the  last  two  or  three  fingers. 

Cubital  Veins,  deep-seated,  and  the  Recur- 
rent cubital  veins,  accompany  the  corresponding 
arteries.     The  superficial  cubital  veins  belong  to 
the  basilic.  Chaussier  calls  them  cuta'neous  cubital. 
CUBITALE  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 
CUBITALIS  RIOLANI,  see  Anconeus. 
CUBITEUS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  muscles. 
CUBITO-CARPIEN,  see  Cubital  muscles— c. 
Cutane  (nerf),  Cutaneous  nerve  —  c.  Phalanget- 
tien    commun,    Flexor    profundus    perforans  —  c. 
Radi-sus-metncarpien  du  ponce.  Abductor  longus 
pollicis — c.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 


C  U  BI  TO-  S  UPR  A  P  A  L  M  A  R I S 


68 


CULBICIO 


CUBITO-SUPBAPALMA'RIS.  Belonging 
to  the  cubitus  and  to  the  supra-palmar  or  dorsal 
surface  of  the  band.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  : 
1.  To  ft  small  artery,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
enbital  or  ulnar,  a  little  above  the  wrist  2.  To 
a  rein,  which  accompanies  this  artery. 

C  UBITO-SUS-JJ^T AGAR  PIE Ji,  see  Cubital 
muscles  —  <■.  Su»-m4tacarpien  du  ponce.  Abductor 
loagus  pollieis —  c  Sut-Pkalangettien  de  I' 'index, 
Extensor  proprius  indicia  —  e.  Sue-phalangettien 
dn  pouee,  E.  Longua  pollioia  —  c.  Skut-phalaugien 
dn  •■•■in-. ,  B.  poUicia  brevis. 

CU'BITUS,   «()'.r«i',    Cyi'iton.      The   E/botc. 

ne  of  the  bones  of  the  forearm.    See  Ulna, 

arm. 

Cubitus,  (F.I  CoudSe,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
:  i  18  inches  long. 

Cubii  s  <  VtM,  see  Costa  —  c.  Supinus,  see 
Decubitus. 

CI"  BO  ID,  CuboVde*,  Cuboii'deue,  Cubo'des, 
Cub >' for' mis,  Cyboi'des,  CyrtoVdee,  Grandino'sum 
ira,  feseerm  oe,  Os  va'riwn,  from  ev&ds, 
'a  cube/ and  £t&o(,  'form.'  Having  the  form  of 
a  cube.  This  name  was  given  by  Galen  to  one 
of  the  bonea  of  the  tarsus,  and  is  still  retained. 
It  i-  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
tar-us  ;  and  is  articulated.  In  hind,  with  the  cal- 
caneus; before,  with  the  last  two  metatarsal 
bonea,  and  within,  with  the  third  os  cuneiforme, 
and  sometimes  with  the  Bcaphoides.  Its  inferior 
surface  has  an  oblique  groove  for  the  tendon  of 
the  peroneus  tongue. 

CUCKOLD,  Arctium  lappa. 

CUCKOO  FLOWER,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CUCKOW  BREAD,  Oxalia  acetoeella. 

CUCKOW   PINT,  Arum  maculatum. 

CUCU'BALUS  BEHEN,  Behen  ojicina'rum 
seu  pulga'rie,  Sile'ni  infla'ta  seu  eraeeifo'lia  seu 
Tho'rei,  Vieca'go  behen.  This  plant  was  once 
considered  alexipharmic  and  cordial.  It  is  the 
Spatting  Poppy. 

CUCULLARIS,  Trapezius. 

CUCULA'TUM  MA  JUS.  A  barbarous  term, 
■Bed  by  Ruland,  for  brandy  and  spirit  of  wine. 

CUC I   Ll.ATA.  Sanioula. 

i  UCULLUS,  Couvrechef,  Cucupha,  Infundi- 
bulnm  of  the  cochlea. 

IULUS,  Coccyx,  Pertussis. 

CI  <TMBER,  Cucumis  sativus — c.  Asses,  Mo- 
mordica  elaterium — e.  Indian,  Medeola  Virginica 
— c.  Squirting  or  wild,  Momordica  elaterium — o. 
Star,  one-seeded,  Sycios  angulatus — c.  Tree,  Mag- 
nolia acuminata. 

CI  CUMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CC<  UMIS,  Penis  —  c.  Agrestis,  Momordica 
elaterium. 

1  mis  Colocyn'this,  Oitrul'hte  Oolocynthie. 
Officinal  names  of  the  Colocynth  or  Hitter  Apple, 
Colocyn'this,  Cotoquint'ida,  Alhan'dal  (Arab. ), 
Sitter  Gourd,  Hitter  Cucumber,  (F.)  Goloquinte. 
Ord.  Cucurbitaceae.     Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Mona- 

delpbia.     A   Turkey  and    Cape    of    (i 1    Hope 

plant.  The  spongy  part  or  medulla  of  the  fruit, 
Q>locyn'thidi$  seu  Cucu'merie  Colocyn'thidia 
Pulpa,  Colocynthie  (Ph.  U.  S).  has  a  hitter,  nau- 
asoua,  and  acrimonious  taste,  and  is  a  strong 
cathartic,  acting  chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
Intestines.  It  is  scarcely  ever  used,  except  in 
ootnbin 

Mki.o.     The  systematic  name  of  the 
Plant,   M.I.,,   Common   Melon,  (P.)  Melon. 
The  fruit  i<  an   agreeable  aiticle  of  diet,  but  not 
ligesttble,    unless    when    ripe.     The   seeds 
is  mucilaginous  properties. 
Ct  t  i  mis  S ati'vi  -.     The  systematic  name  of 
the  Cn' cumber  plant,  Cucumie,  Angou'rion,  Citre'- 
o?n»,    Cu'eumer    or    Cur'vimcr,    from    its    curved 
■hape.     (P.)  Cuneombre  ordinaire.     The  cucum- 
ber, cowcumber,  is  used,  when  young,  as  a  pickle, 


when  it  is  called  a  Gherkin,  (F.)  Corntchon.  It 
is  not  a  fruit  easy  of  digestion.  The  seeds  are 
mucilaginous. 

An  ointment  of  green  cucumbers  —  encumber 
ointment — is  used  as  a  cooling  .-alve.  It  is  made 
by  combining,  by  means  of  heat,  the  juice  of 
green  cucumber*  with  fore?  and  veal  euet. 

CCCUMIS    SVLVE8TRI8,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CI  CUPHA,  Cu'cuUue,  Pi'leue,  Sac' culm  ce- 
phal'icve.  A  sort  of  coif  or  cap,  with  a  double 
bottom,  between  which  is  enclosed  a  mixture  of 
aromatic  powders,  having  cotton  lor  an  excipient. 
It  was  formerly  used  as  a  powerful  cephalic. 

CI  CUR'BITA,  d  curvitate,  owing  to  its  shape. 
A  gourd.     (F.)  Citrouille.     See  Cupping- glass. 

CUCURBITA  ANGURIA,  C.  citrullus. 

Cucur'bita  Cirui  l.'i.rs.  C.  Angn'ria  seu  pin- 
natifida.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Water- 
melon plant  ;    Oitrul' Itte,  Angu'ria,    Tetraugu'ria, 

Sicilian      <  'it nil,      W'nt,  r-m,  Ion.        Ord.     Cucurbi- 

Sex,  Syet.  Bloneecia  Mouadelphia.     (F.) 
Melon  d'.nn,  Pastique.     The  juice  of  the  fruit  id 

very  abundant,  whence  its  name.  The  Water- 
melon is  extremely  refreshing  and  agreeable,  when 
made  cool,  and  is  eaten  like  the  common  melon. 
It  is  very  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

CnCDRBITA  Leucantha,  C.  lngenaria. 

Cucdr'bita  Pepo,  Pepo.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Pompion  or  Pumpkin,  Cucur'bita, 
The  seeds  of  this  plant,  as  well  as  those  of  Cu- 
cur'bita lagena'ria,  Bottle-gourd,  contain  a  large 
proportion  of  oil,  capable  of  forming  emulsions. 
They  have  been  recommended  in  cases  of  tape- 
worm, in  the  dose  of  f  Jss.  The  fixed  oil  of  the 
seeds  has  been  given,  with  success,  in  the  same 
cases,  in  the  dose  of  half  a  fluid  ounce. 

Both  the  fruit  of  Cucur'bita  Laukna'ria,  C. 
leuean'tha,  Pepo  lagena'rius,  (F.)  Catebaeee»}  and 
that  cf  Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pepo  vulga'rie,  (F.) 
Potiron,  Courge,  are  eaten. 

Cucurbita  Pinnatifida,  C.  citrullus. 

d  '<  7 11  Bl  TA  IN,  Cucurbitinus. 

CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping. 

CUCUBBITE,  see  Alembic. 

C  U  C  U  R  B  I T  I'  N  U  S,  (P.)  Cueurbitin.  This 
name  was  formerly  given  to  the  Teem' a  sofa'am, 
because  composed  of  rings  which  resemble  the 
seeds  of  the  gourd, — cucurbita.  The  ancients 
believed,  that  the  rings,  which  are  sometimes 
discharged,  were  so  many  separate  worms.  See 
Tmnia. 

CUCURBITULA,  Cupping-glass. 

Cl "i  ruBiTUL.t  Ciu'KM.K.  Cupping  with  the  sca- 
rificator— c.  cum  Ferro,  Cupping  with  the  scari- 
ficator— c.  Siccae,  Cupping,  dry. 

CUDWEED,  Antennaria  plantaginifolia,  Gna- 
phalium  margaritaceum. 

CUILLEREE,  Cochleare 

CUFR,  Corium — c.  Chevelu,  Scalp. 

CUISSAR  T.  A  wooden  leg.  See  Cornu  am- 
mo n  is. 

CUfSSE,  Thigh,  Crus  —  c.  Poster ieure  du  cer- 
velet,  Corpus  restiforme. 

CUISSON  (F.).     A  smarting,  burning  pain. 

CUIVRE,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniacal,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum —  c.  et  Antmoniaqne,  sulfate  de,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum — c  Limailles  de,  >vc  Cuprum 
— c.  SouH-itcctiite  de,  Cupri  subacetas — c.  Sulfate 
de,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUIVBEUX  (P.),  Copper-coloured.  A  tint  of 
complexion,  (F.)  Teint  cmvreux,  soch  as  is  oh. 
served  in  cancerous  affections.  Syphilitic  ulcers 
of  the  throat.  Ac,  arc  often  copper-coloured. 

CUJETE,  Crescentia  cujete. 

CULBICIO.  A  Latin  word,  employed  by 
old  writers  as  synonymous  with  ardor  urinSB  and 
gonorrhoea. 


CULBUTE 


64 


CUP 


CULBUTE  (P.).  'A  tumble  head-over-heels.'  ] 
A  movement  which  the  foetus  has  been  supposed 
to  execute  at  the  end  of  the  7th  month  of  utero-  [ 
gestation;  and  by  means  of  which,  it  was  pre- 
sumed, the  head  presented  towards  the  orifice  of 
the  uterus ;  a  change  of  situation  which  is  iin- 
practicable  in  ordinary  circumstances. 

CULCITA  SALIXA,  Halotyle. 

CULEON,  Anus. 

CU'LEUS.  A  measure  containing  20  barrels, 
or  40  urns,  equal  to  ISO  gallons.  —  Pliny,  Gor- 
rajus. 

CULEX,  (F.)  Cousin.  A  genus  of  insects,  un- 
happily too  well  known  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  world,  on  account  of  their  bites,  which  give 
rise  to  painful,  local  inflammation.  The  gnats 
and  musquitoes  belong  to  this  genus. 

CULI  FLOS.  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CULiLAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CU'LINABY  ART,  from  culina,  'a  kitchen.' 
Cookery,  lies  otliiKt'ria  seu  coqna'ria,  Ars  culi- 
tin'ria  seu  coquina'ria,  Magei'rice.  The  art  of 
preparing  meats  for  the  table.  In  judging  of  the 
dietetic  properties  of  various  kinds  of  aliment, 
the  culinary  process  to  which  they  have  been 
subjected  will  always  have  to  be  considered. 
Many  of  the  writers  on  the  culinary  art  have 
been  physicians. 

CTJLLITLAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan, 

CULMIXATIO,  Acme. 

CULTELLAIRE  (F.),  from  cnltellus,  a  'little 
knife.'  Le  cautere  culttllaire,  known  also  under 
the  name  Coitteau  de  feu,  Fire-kuife,  is  used  for 
what  the  French  term  the  Cautere  transcurrente. 
(See  Cauterization.)  It  is  shaped  like  a  small 
hatchet. 

CULTELLUS,  Culter,  Knife— c.  Anceps,  Knife, 
double-edsred — c.  Uncus,  Knife,  crotchet. 

CULTER,  Cdtel'lus,  from  colo,  cultum,  <I  cul- 
tivate.' A  coulter,  a  knife,  scalpel,  machce'ra. 
tnaehce'rian,  maeha'ris.  Also,  the  third  lobe  of 
the  liver,  so  called  from  some  fancied  resemblance. 
— Theophilus  Protospatarius. 

Culter  Curvus,  Knife,  crooked — c.  Falcatus, 
Knife,  crooked — c.  Lenticularis,  Knife,  lenticular 
—  c.  Rectus,  Knife,  amputation  —  c.  Tonsorius, 
Razor. 

CULTRIY'OROUS,  Cidtriv'orvs,  from  culter, 
'a  knife.' and  vorare,  'to  devour.'  Individuals, 
who  have  seemed  to  swallow  knives  with  impu- 
nity, have  been  so  called; — Knife-eaters. 

CULUS.  Anus. 

CULVER'S  PHYSIC,  Leptandra  Virginica. 

CULVER'S  ROOT,  Leptandra  purpurea. 

CUMAMUS,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUM IX,  Cuminum  cyminum  —  c.  Faux,  Ni- 
gel la — c.  des  Pies,  Cam  in. 

GUMI'NUM  CYMI'XUM.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Cummin  or  Cumin  plant,  Cumi'num 
tinnu'tum  seu  Roma'num,  Cymi'num,  Cumi'num, 
Carnaba'dium.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  (F.)  Cumin,  Anis  aigre. 
The  seeds  of  cummin,  which  is  a  native  of  Egypt, 
have  a  warm,  bitterish,  disagreeable  taste.  Water 
extracts  their  odour,  and  spirit  takes  up  both 
odour  and  taste.  They  are  not  used,  except  in  a 
plaster,  which  bears  their  name.  When  drunk  in 
wine,  the  ancients  believed  they  produced  pale- 
ness ;  hence,  Horace  called  cummin  exsangue  / 
and  Juvenal,  pallens. — Dioscorides,  Pliny. 

Cuminum  Minutum,  C.  cyminum  —  c.  Nigrum, 
Nigella  —  c.  Pratense,  Carum  —  c.  Romanum,  C. 
cyminum. 

CUMMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CU'MULUS,  'a  heap  or  pile.'    A  rounded  pro- 
minence, in  the  centre  of  the  proligerous  disk,  in 
which  there  is  a  small  opake  cavity  that  contains  , 
the  ovum.     See  Tache  embryonnaire. 

Cumulus,  Germinal,  Tache  embryonnaire — c.  i 


Germinativus,  Tache  embryonnaire  —  c.  Prolige- 
rus,   Tache  embryonnaire. 

CUXEA'LIS  SUTURA,  from  cuneus,  'a wedge.' 
The  suture  formed  between  the  great  and  little 
ahe  of  the  sphenoid  bone  and  the  os  fiontis. — 
Blasius. 

CUXEEX  (F.),  Cunea'nus.  Relating  to  the 
cuneiform  bones. 

Articulations  Cuneennes ; —  the  joints  between 
the  cuneiform  bones,  as  well  as  between  them 
and  other  parts. 

Ligaments  Cuneennes  ;  —  the  ligaments  which 
hold  the  cuneiform  bones  together. 

C  U  '  N  E  I  F  0  R  M,  Cuneiform  is,  Sphcuoi'des, 
from  cuneus,  'a  wedge,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 
Wedge-shaped.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  bones.  1.  To  the  sphenoid.  2.  To  a 
bone  of  the  carpus,  situate  between  the  os  lunare 
and  os  orbiculare.  It  is,  also,  called  Os  Pyrami- 
da'le,  Os  Triq'uetrum,  and  Os  Cubita'le.  3.  To 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  :  and, 
4.  To  three  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  which  aro 
distinguished,  according  to  situation,  reckoning 
from  within  outwards,  into  first,  second,  and  third, 
—  or  internal,  middle,  and  external:  and  accord- 
ing to  size,  reckoning  in  the  same  order,  into 
great,  small,  and  middle-sized.  The  posterior 
surface  of  these  bones  is  united  to  the  anterior 
face  of  the  scaphoides;  the  anterior  surface  with 
the  corresponding  metatarsal  bones;  and,  in  ad- 
dition, the  external  surface  of  the  third  is  articu- 
lated, behind,  with  the  cuboides.  They  are  also 
called  Chalco'idea  ossa  seu  ossic'ula. 

Cuneiform  Cartilages  of  the  Larynx.  Car. 
tilages  of  Wrisberg,  are  two  small  cylinders  of 
fibro-cartilage,  about  seven  lines  in  length,  and 
enlarged  at  each  extremity.  By  the  base,  the 
cartilage  is  attached  to  the  middle  of  the  exter- 
nal surface  of  the  arytenoid;  and  its  upper  ex- 
tremity forms  a  prominence  on  the  border  of  the 
aryteno-epiglottidean  fold  of  membrane.  They 
are  sometimes  wanting. 

CUNEO.  In  composition,  appertaining,  or  re- 
lating, to  the  cuneiform  bones. 

Cu'neo-Cu'boid,  Cuneo-cuboideus.  Belonging 
to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  cuboides. 

Cuneo-Cuboid  Articula'tion  is  formed  by  the 
third  cuneiform  bone  and  cuboides.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  a  synovial  capsule,  and  two  cuneo- 
cuboid  ligaments: — a  dorsal  and  a.  plantar. 

CU'XEO-SCA'PHOID,  Cuneo-scaphoi'des.  Be- 
longing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  scaphoid. 

Cuneo-Scaphoid  Articula'tion  is  formed  by 
the  posterior  surfaces  of  the  three  ossa  cuneifor- 
mia,  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  scaphoid.  It 
is  furnished  with  a  synovial  capsule  and  liga- 
ments, some  of  which  are  dorsal,  others  plantar. 

CUNILA,  Satureia  capitata  —  c.  Bubula,  Ori- 
ganum. 

CuNl'LA  Maria'na,  Saturei'a  origano'i'des,  Ca~ 
lamin'tha  erec'ta  Yirginia'na,  Ih'tt'any,  American 
or  Mountain  Dittany.  Mint-leaped  or  Maryland 
Cunila,  Stonemint,  Wild  Basil,  Street  Horsemint, 
(F.)  Cunile  d'Ameriquc.  A  small  indigenous 
herb,  Order,  Labiata?,  growing  on  dry,  shady 
hills,  from  New  England  to  Georgia,  and  flower- 
ing in  June  and  July.  Its  medical  properties 
are  dependent  upon  essential  oils,  like  the  mints. 

Cunila,  Maryland,  Cunila  mariana — c.  Mint- 
leaved,  C.  mariana — c.  Muscula,  Inula  dysente- 
rica  —  c.  Pulegioides,  Hedeoma  pulegioides — c. 
Sativa.  Satureia  hortensis. 

CUNILAGO,  Inula  dysenterica. 

CUX1LE  D'AMERIQUE,  Cunila  mariana. 

CUNNUS,  Vulva. 

CUP,  (Sax.)  copp,  Scut  el' la,  Catil'lus,  Patel'la, 
Excip'ula,  (F.)  Palette,  Poelette,  Potlette,  Vase  d 
saip-uer.     A  small  vessel  of  a  determinate  size, 


CUPAMENI 


C  0  B  a 


for  receiving  the  blood  during  venesection.  It 
generally  contains  about  four  ounces.  A  bleed- 
iug  of  two  cups  is,  oenscqnently,  one  of  eight 

NT.  Acalypha  Indies- 
CUPIDITAS,  Voluntas  —  c.   Desedendi,  Vo- 
luntas .;   -,  >dendi. 

PIDO,  Appetite.     Also,  Cupid,   the 


incient  aiytl 


//. . 


ci'ji 


uln  lii/  nits. 


[nfundibolum  of  the  cochlea. 
■  orium  phlogisticum. 

l.Nii.  data 
cut  :    •  r  to  'ir.iw  blood  in 

I'tio    Clicurbita'rnm     Bea      i-ueurbituln' rum, 

Uueurbita'tio.     A   Bpecies  of  blood-lettii  g 
formed  by  ai  I  glass,  called  a  cup- 

jiiu'i-',  t'lt/n,  Cucurb' itn,  Sic'ua,  (Old 

|  Uleeding-boist,   (F.)    Venttmse.      The    lan- 

ed  in  Bach  a  manner  in  the  Bcari- 

.  that,  when  it  is  applied   upon  the  affected 

part,  the  whole  are,  by  means  of  a  spring,  pushed 

suddenly  into  it.     After    scarification,  the  cup- 

bich  has  been  previously  exhausted 

.  "r  by  an  exhausting  -  applied. 

The  pressure  of   the  air  within    the  glast 

thus  diminished,  the  necessary  quantity  of  blood 

lellometer.     Dry  cupping, 

f'nlcB    »iVc«,    is   the   application    of    the 

*,  without  previous  scarification ;  (F.    P<    - 

used  to  prevent  the  activity 

rption  from  any  wounded  part:  ■ 

illy,  to  excite  suppuration  in  indolent  al 

remove  the  pus  when  an  abaceas  is  opened. 
V*ppii"J,  without  any  epithet,  means  the  abstrac- 

:    bl 1    by    means   of   the   scarificator  and 

cup.-:  —  (F.  xcarifittK,   (L.)    Cucurbi- 

tiitcr   omenta,   C.  <nt>i  Ferro,   wet  cupping.     The 

lies  to  draw  blood  by  cupping. 

CUP-PLANT,  Silpbium  perfoliatum. 

CUPRESSUS,  Kixapiooos,  C.  sempervirens — c. 

Arbor    vit»,    Thuya     occideutalis. —  c.   l>bticha, 

lium  disticbum. 

■  •  i  ■  k  it  v  i '  b  f.  n  s ,   C.  py  ra  m  ida  'lis. 
-tematie  name  of  the  Cupres'sus,  Cyparis'- 
•  (F.)  Cypres.    Nat.  Ord.  Conifers. 
.  have.-,  and  wood,  have  been  con- 
sidered  astringent   and   useful  in  intermittents. 
The  whole  plant  abounds  with  a  hitter,  aromatic, 
and  terebinthinate  fluid. 

CUPRB88U8  Tn  voi' i.e.'-.  Whit>  <-,  ,/,,r,  indigenous. 

An  infusi f  the  tops  is  Baid  to  be  stomachic, 

and.  when  taken  warm,  diaphoretic. 

0UPR1  AMMONIO-SULPHAS,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c  el  Ammoniaa  Bulphas,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatuin — c.  Dia     -.i-.  I '.  subao 

:     Lim.vti'ka,    Filing*     <>/    C,>j>/>cr,    (F.) 
LimailUt  •  ive  been    used  in  hydro- 

It  his  been  remarked    under   Cuprum, 
ire  inert. 

bigo,  <'npri  subacetas. 
ice'tas,    C.  Diace*ta$  seu   Rubi'go, 
'iliyris,  Hiapan'icum  vir'ide, 

JE'ris, 

■ .    \  ■    ■  .  '      ttaux  de 

let.      Iinpur  •••    of  copper. 

illy  met  with,  is  in  masses,  difficult 
quescent  :  foliaceous  ;  of  a  fine 
.   colour,  and  salt    taste.      It  is  tonic, 
arotic,  and  detergent ;    hut   • 
imployed   internally.     Chiefly  used  in  da- 
ointments.      Dose,    as    a    tome,    under 
emetic,  from  ^r.  j  to  gr,   ij.     Powdered 
ingredient  in 
.  bich  may  he  imitated  by 
rubbing  balf  ■  drachm  of  finely-powdered  verdi- 
gris with  a  little  oil.  and  then   mixing  it  with  an 
out.'  a  basilioon. 

An  ointment  composed  of  one  drachm  of  finely- 


'.  red  verdigris,  with  an  ounce  of  lard  or  sper- 
maeeti  ointment,  Is  used  in  psoriasis,  i.  it 

Ci  PBJ  Bl  i  i'H  \s.   Vitriolam    Onpri  sen    Vsn'eris 

•    .jt'rium    sell     Ci/j/ riiuiiu    sell     <  \l  rit' l>n ■    -      | 

Roma'uum,    Cuprum    Vitriola'tum,   Lapis    Cmru'~ 

ItiiK,  Sulphnti ■■«</'  Qoppt  r,   lii         §  >'"/, 

Roman    Vitriol,  Mortooth,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Gu 

is  in  rhoml.oiilal.  rich,  blue,  Bern i- transparent, 
eflloraseing  crystals.  The  taste  is  harsh,  styptic, 
and  corrosive.     It  is  soluble  in  four  parts  ot  water 

at    f)U".  and    is    tonie.    enietie.    astringent,  and    es- 

eharotie.  As  a  tonic,  it  has  been  used  in  epi- 
lepsy, intermittents.  &C  Dose,  SS  a  tonic,  irr. 
i  to  i:r.  ij.  in  pill;  as  an  emetic,  gr.  i,i  to  x,  in 
water.  A  very  weak  solution  i-  Sometimes  M  I 
in  ophthalmia  and  in  gleet  :  and  it  forms  the 
basis  of  Bates's  Aqua  camphora'ta,  which  has 
been  recommended,  diluted  with  sixteen  parts  of 

LU  the  purulent  ophthalmia  of  children. 
CuPKI    SULPHAS   Ammoniac ai.is.   Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c.  Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulpha.-. 

CUPRUM,  Choice*,  -L<.   Venus  of  the  Alchy- 

>iui:i,    Yir' iile  iiimilti' HUM,  (F.) 
Cuirre.      Its   odour  is  peculiar  and  sensible  when 
rubbed;  taste  disagreeable  and  metallic:  colour 
red  yellow.     S.  g.  7.-7:   dnctili  :  \  >ry  malleable; 
less  hard  than  iron  :  easily  oxidised.     In  its  me- 
tallic state,    it   exerts   no   action    on    the    B 
When    Bwallowed,    it   undergoes   no   deleterious 
change.    Copper  cannot  be  dissolved  whilst  tin  is 
in  the  mixture,  and  hence   the  utility  of  tinning 
copper  vessels.  Copper  culinary  vessels  are  barm- 
less  under  ordinary  cleanliness,  provided  the  sub- 
stances   be    not    suffered  to  remain  in   them  till 
cold.      The  salts  of  copper  are  very  deleterious. 
Cdprum  Acuminatum,  Lapis  dirinus. 
Cuprum  Ammonia'tum,   0.  Ammoniaca'H  seu 
Ammoni'acum  seu  ammoui'aco-nulphu'rieum,  Am- 
monia'ted  Copper,  Ammoni'acal  Sulphate  of  Cap- 
per, Ammoniurt'tuiu   Cupri,  Sal  anti-epilep'ticus 
of  Wbissman,   Sulfas   Cupri   ammouiaca'lie   seu 
ammoni'aca  cupra'tve  seu  Sulfas  Cupri  et 
ni(B,  Svbsul'fae  ammo'nio-cu'pricus  1)<  u to- Sulfas 
Cupri    et     AmuKi'uicB,     Cupri    Ammo'nio-sulfaSf 
Ammn'uicp  Cupro-sulphas,  Ammo'nio-su/phate  <>f 
.  (F.J   Sulfate  ile  cuirre  et  d'ammouiaqve, 
Cuirre  ammoniacaL     (Cupri Svlph. £S9 ',  Amman. 
Oarb.  3vj-     Rub  i"   ii  glass  mortar  till  el 
cence  ceases.     Wrap  the  ammoniated  copper  in 
bibulous   paper,    and    dry    with    a   gentle    heat. 
Keep  in  a  well-stopped  glass  bottle. —  Ph.  1  .  S. ) 
A  crystalline  powder  of  a  rich  violet  colour,  and 
hot,  styptic  b  xpo8ure  to  air.  it  beoomes 

partly  converted  into  carbonate  of  copper.  It  is 
tonic  and  astringent,  and  has  been  chiefly  em- 
ployed in  epilepsy  ami  other  obstinate  spasmodic 
diseases.  Dose,  gr.  £  gradually  increased  to  gr. 
iv,  in  pill. 

Ci  PRUM  VmUOIiATUW,  Cupri  sulphas. 
CU'PULAR,  Cupula' via,  (F.)  Cnpulaire  ;  from 
cupula,  'a  small  cup.'    Of  or  belonging  to  a  cupula. 

CUPUI  LB   CA1 

an  iron  in  the  shape  of  a  cupula,  formerly 
cauterize  the  skin   of  the   cranium  in  certain   dis- 
I  .!-■  S,  as  epilepsy,  chronic  headach,  iVc. 

CURA,    Oura'tio,    iferim'na,    iferim'ui.      At- 
tention   to,    or   treatment    or    cure    of,   a 
Keiichen   defines   <W</,  'medicine,'  and  Curator, 
'  the  physician.'     Curatio,  times  means' 

purification;  as,  Adept  tuillus  euratus.  —  Bcribo- 
uiui  Largus. 

CURA    A'.iva'h   \.      A    deCOCtion    Of    OatS    and 
BUCCOry   roots,  in   which   a  little   nitre  an  i 
arc  dissolved.     Used  as  a  refrigerant. 

Cura  l>i  r-i\  a:  i\  \.  Derivation — o.  Fumigatori«| 
Thymiateehny. 

Cura  Maoha.  'Great  cure.'  A  term  em- 
ployed, at  times,  for  a  method  of  treatment  pre- 
ferable   to   all    others.     Thus    ptyalism   bus,  by 


CURABLE 


266 


CUSPARIA  BARK 


many,  been  considered  the  "  cura  magna"  for 
syphilis. 

Cura  Medeana,  Transfusion  —  c.  Palliativa, 
see  Palliative  —  c.  Radicalis,  see  Palliative  —  c. 
Ilevulsoria,  see  Derivation. 

CU'RABLE,  Sanab'ilis,  Aces'tos,  Aces' mi  us, 
Iaii'imos,  Medicah'ilis,  Med'icable,  San' able,  (P.) 
Guerissable.  That  which  is  susceptible  of  cure. 
An  epithet  applied  to  both  patients  and  diseases. 

CUR  AGE,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

CURA'RE,  Wourali,  Woorali,  Woorara,  Wou- 
rari,  Wooraru,  Wurali,  Urari,  Urali,  Ourari, 
Voorara.  A  very  energetic  vegetable  poison, 
employed  by  the  South  American  Indians  to 
poison  their  arrows.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained  from 
the  bark  of  a  species  of  convolvulus,  called  Vejuco 
de  Mavacure,  but  is  referred  by  Martins  to  Strych- 
nos  Guianen'sis,  and  by  Dr.  Schomburg  to  S. 
toxica'ria  seu  toxif'era.  The  juice  of  Echi'tes 
suberec'ta,  another  apocyanaceous  plant,  is  said  to 
enter  into  its  composition.  Dr.  Brainard  thinks 
it  contains  the  poison  of  serpents  as  its  main  in- 
gredient. 

CURA'TIO,  Mede'la,  Sana'tio,  A'cesis,  Al- 
thex'is,  Althax'is,  Therapei'a,  I'dsis,  Curation, 
Treatment  (F.)  Traitement.  The  aggregate  of 
means  employed  for  the  cure  of  disease.  See 
Therapeutics. 

Curatio,  Cura,  Cure  —  c.  Contrariorum  per 
Contraria,  Allopathy  —  c.  Morbi  per  Inediam, 
Limotherapia. 

CU'RATIVE,  San'ative,  San'atory,  Healing, 
Acesoph'orus,  Acesino'sus.  Relating  to  the  cure 
of  a  disease.  Curative  Indications  are  those 
which  point  out  the  treatment  to  be  employed. 
Curative  Treatment,  that  employed  in  the  cure  of 
disease,  in  opposition  to  preservative  or  prophy- 
lactic treatment.  We  say,  also,  Curative  Process, 
Curative  Means,  &c. 

CURATOR  IXFIRMORUM,  Infirmier. 

CURCAS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 

CURCULIO,  Penis. 

CURCUMA  ANGUSTLFOLIA,  see  Arrow- 
root— c.  Aromatica,  Kaampferia  rotunda. 

Curcu'ma  Longa,  Curcu'ma,  Amo'mum  Cur- 
cu'ma, Borri,  Bor'riberri,  Cober'ri.  (Hindoostan.) 
Crocus  In' die  us,  Terra  Mer'ita,  Cannac'orns  ra- 
di'ce  cro'ceo,  Mayel'la,  Kua  Kaha,  Cype'rus 
In'dicus.  Kv-eipog  IvSikos  of  Dioscorides  [?],  Tur- 
meric, (F.)  Racine  de  Safran,  Safran  des  Indes, 
Souchet  des  Indes.  Ord.  Zingiberaeeaa.  Tur- 
meric root — the  rhizoma  of  curcuma  longa — Cur- 
cuma (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  brought  from  the  East  Indies; 
but  is  possessed  of  very  little,  if  any,  medicinal 
efficacy.  It  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  Curry 
Powder. 

Curcuma  Zedoaria,  see  Kaempferia  rotunda — 
c.  Zerumbet,  see  Kaempferia  rotunda. 

CURD.  Curd  of  Milk,  Lacpres'sum,  (F.)  CailU, 
Lait  caille.  The  coagulated  or  curdled  (Coac'tus, 
Coagula'tus,  (F.)  Caille  ou  Caillebotte,)  part  of 
milk. 

Curd,  ALmr,  Coagulum  aluminosum. 

CURE;  from  cura,  'care.'  Aces' ia,  A'cesis, 
Aces'mus,  Cura'tin,  C.  felix,  Sana'tio,  San'itas, 
(F.)  Guerison.  A  restoration  to  health;  also,  a 
remedy ;  a  restorative. 

CURE-ALL,  Geum  Yirginianum,  (Enothera 
biennis. 

CURE  DENT,  Dentiscalpium. 

CURE  DU  RArSTN,  Grape-cure. 

CURE-LANGUE,  (F.)  Lingua  scalpium, 
Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument  of  ivory,  tor- 
toise-shell, <fcc,  shaped  like  a  knife  or  rasp,  for 
removing  the  mucous  coating  which  covers  the 
tonsrue  after  sleep,  &o. 

CURE-OREILLE,  Ear-pick. 

CURETTE,  Scoop. 

CURMI,  Courmi. 


CURRANT,  BLACK,  Ribes  nigrum  — c.  Red, 
Ribes  rubrum, 

CURRANTS,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

CURRY  or  CURRIE  POWDER.  A  condi- 
ment, formed  of  various  spices,  and  eaten  with 
rice,  particularly  in  India.  The  following  is  one 
of  the  forms  of  its  preparations  :  Sem.  coriand. 
H xviii,  pip.  nigr.  J|ij,  cayen.  t^j,  rad.  curcuma, 
sem.  cumini,  aa,  ,^iij,  sem.  fcenugr.  giv :   mix. 

CURSUMA  HiEMORRIIOIDALIS  IiERBA, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CURSUS,  Running  —  c.  Matricis,  Leucorrhcea 
— c.  Menstruus,  Menses. 

CURVAMEN,  Curvature. 

CUR  VATEUR  DU  COCCYX,  Curvator  Coo- 
cygis. 

CURVATIO,  Campsis. 

CURVA'TOR  COCCY'GIS,  (F.)  Curvateur  dn 
Coccyx.  Sommering  gives  this  name  to  a  small 
bundle  of  fleshy  fibres,  which  descends  on  the 
middle  of  the  coccyx,  uniting  on  each  side  with 
the  ischio-coccygei  muscles.  It  is  a  part  of  those 
muscles. 

CUR'VATURE,  Curvatu'ra,  Curva'men,  Flex- 
u'ra,  Gnamp'sis,  from  curvare,  curvatitm,  '  to 
bend.'  Cyrto'ma,  (F.)  Courbure.  The  condition 
of  a  line  or  surface,  which  approximates  more  or 
less  to  the  form  of  an  arc;  as  the  curvatures  of 
the  spine,  duodenum,  stomach,  &c.  Accidental 
curvatures  of  bones  are  the  effect  of  rickets,  or 
Mollities  ossium.  The  Greeks  called  the  curva- 
ture of  the  spine,  rv(5os,  c<o\ioq,  and  Aop<W.  accord- 
ing as  the  deviation  was  backwards,  laterally,  or 
forwards. 

Curvature,  Pott's,  Vertebral  disease. 

CURVE  OF  CARUS,  see  Pelvis. 

CURVED  LINES,  Lin'ece  semicircula'res  ex- 
ter'nae  seu  arcua'tce,  (F.)  Courbes  Lignes.  Two 
crooked  lines  or  projections  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  oc-cipital  bone.  They  are  distinguished 
into  superior  and  inferior.  Some  lines  on  the  os 
innominatum  are  also  so  called. 

CURVIMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUSCO-CINCHONIA,  Aricina. 

CUSCUS,  Andropogon  muricatus. 

CUSCUTA,  C.  Europaaa. 

Cuscuta  Chlorocarpa,  see  C.  Glomerata. 

Cuscu'ta  Epitii'ymum,  C.  minor.  The  system- 
atic name  of  the  Dodder  of  Thyme,  Epith'ymum, 
Epith'ymnm  Cuscu'ta  seu  Cre'ticnm.  Ord.  Con- 
volvulaceaa.  A  parasitical  plant,  possessed  of  a 
strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  a  pungent  taste 
very  durable  in  the  mouth.  It  was  once  used  as 
cathartic  in  melancholia. 

Cuscuta  EuROPyE'A  seu  major  seu  vulga'ris  seu 
tetran'dra  seu  filiform' is,  Cuscu'ta,  Epith'ymum 
officina' rum,  was  conceived  to  possess  similar 
properties. 

Cuscuta  Filiformis,  C.  Europaea. 

Cuscuta  Glomera'ta,  and  Cuscuta  Chloro- 
CAr'pa,  Doddpr,  Amer'ican  Dodder,  indigenous 
plants,  are  bitterish,  subastringent,  tonic,  and 
antiperiodic. 

Cuscuta  Major,  C.  Europaea —  c.  Minor,  C. 
Epithymum— c.  Tetrandra,  C.  Europaea — c.  Vul- 
garis. C.  Europaea. 

CUSHIA,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

CUSHY-COW-LADY,  Coccinella  septempunc- 
tata. 

CUSPARIA  BARK,  see  C.  Febrifuga— c.  Bark, 
False,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnoa 
nux  vomica. 

CuSPA'RIA  FEBRIF'UGA,  Bonplan'dia  trifo- 
lia'ta  seu  angnstu'ra,  Angustu'ra  (Ph.  U.S.), 
Galipce.'a  febrifuga.  Order,  Rutaceae.  The 
South  American  tree  which  furnishes  the  Cnspa'- 
ria  or  Angustura  Bark,  (F.)  Angustnre  ou  Anyos- 
ture  vraie,  Quinquina  faux  de  Virginie.  Accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Hancock,  however,  the  Angustura  bark 


PL'S  PIS 


" 


CYANIC 


is   derived   froi  <  officinalis 

Decaodria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord.  1>> 
this  view  baa  been  adopted  in  the  Pharma 
of  the  United  States.  It-  odour  is  peculiar ;  taste 
Intensely  bitter  and  slightly  aromatioj  pieces 
thin:  externally,  pay  and  wrinkled:  internally, 
yellowish-fawn;  fracture,  abort  and  resinous.  It 
yields  its  virtues  to  water  snd  to  proof  spirit  It 
is  tonic,  stimulant,  and  aromatic  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
xx  <>r  more,  in  powder. 

I  i  SPIS.     A    spear.     This    name   bai    been 
given  to  the  irl.ins  penis.  —  Rolfink.     It  meant, 
cind  of  bai 

rODIA  VI1U.1M  i'ATIS.  Hymen. 
(  i  STOS,  \ 

CUT,         :n      1.     eouteau,   'a    knife,'   or   from 
Gothic,  koto,  'to   cut;'   or  from  kovtih.  'I 
cut.'  Tneis'io,   Vulntn  simplex, 

.    :K.)   Ooupure.     A 
common  expression  for  the  division  or  solution 
utinuitv  made  by  ;t  sharp  instrument 
CUTAM'BULUS,  from  eitfts,  'skin.'  and  am- 
hslo,  •  I  walk.'    •  Walking  in  the  skin.'   An  epithet 
given  to  certain  parasitica]  animals,  whieh  creep 
pnder  the  skin — such  as  the  Guinea-worm  :  and 
to  certain  pains  felt  between  the  :-kin  and  flesh, 
M  it  a 
CUT  \m:  \I..  Cutai 

CUTAN&0-80URCILIER,    Corrugator    su- 
percilii. 

•  i  1  k'NEOUS,  Cutu'neal,  Cuta'neus,  (F.)  Cu- 
tanS,  from  cutis,  •  the  skin.'  Belonging  to  the  skin. 
L5Boos  Dm  is  i,  Eruptions,  Epiphy'- 
mata,  are  the  nnmerous  affections  of  a  morbid 
character  to  which  the  skin  is.  liable — Dennato- 
pathi'a,  1><  rmato 

Chronic  cutaneous  diseases  may  be  thus  classi- 
fied : 

{Urticaria. 
Roseola. 
Erythema. 
(  Pemphigus. 
j  Rwpia. 

2.  Vesicular -!  H 

-  abies.  [?] 


3.  Pustular 


4.  Papular. 


5.  S 


quamous. 


^  Eczema. 

f  Impetigo. 

i  Ecthyma. 

{Lichen. 
Strophulus. 
Prurigo. 
(Lepra. 
Psoriasis. 
Pityriasis. 


f  Acne. 
j  Sycosis. 

6.  Folliculous -j  Ichthj 

I  Trie! 
[  Favus. 
Cutabboub  Exhalation  akb  Ibsohptioh  are 

which  take  place  from  the  skin. 

-.  Middle    Posterior,  see  Sciatic 
I 

Cutaneous  Nbbi  '  Nerves,  so 

cnlled.  of  the  upper  extremity,  arc  two  in  num- 
ber.   They  are  given  off  from  the  brachial  plexus. 
\ernal  cutaneous,  Gubito-eutani,  (ChM)  de- 
along   the   inner  pari  of  the   arm.  and  di- 
above    the    elbow    into    two    branch' 

outermost  of  which  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the 

biceps,  and    spreads   over  the   anterior  and   inner 
part  of  the  forearm;  and  the  innermost  aeeom- 
the  l>a>ilic  vein,  passing  to  the  correspond- 
•  of  the  hand  and  little  Bnger.     Tl  • 
nnl  cutaneous,   Radip-cuiani  ulo-Cu- 

ta'upit*,  Per'/orans  Casse'bii,  pa —  outwards; 
i  •  aco-brachiali* :  descends  along 

the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  arm; 


middle  fold  of  the  elbow  under  the 
median  cephalic;  and  descends  along  the  ante- 
rior and    outer  edge   of    the   forearm.       At 
distance   above   the  wrist,   it   divides   into   two 

branches:    an  outer,  which    is   distributed   on    'ho 

back  of  the  band,  the  thumb  and  index  fl 

and  an  inner,  which  on  the  muscles  of 

the  thumb  into  the  palm  of  the  baud,  and  divides 
into   tine   filaments,  which   may  be   traced    to   the 

Cutaneous    nerves,    Middle   cutaneous,   two    in 
number,   are    branches    of   the    crural    or  femoral 

nerve.     They  are  distributed  to  the  integument 

of  the  middle  and  lower  part  of  the  thigh   and 
of  the  knee. 

i  Cutaneus  Minor,  Lester  internal  cuta- 
neous >>■  of  Wrieberg,  takes  its  origin 

from  the  axillary  plexus,  but  is  more  particu- 
larly connected  with  the  ulnar  nerve.  I 
separates  from  the  ulnar,  running  afterwards  be- 
tween it  and  the  inner  side  of  the  arm.  A  little 
below  the  axilla  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  arm. 

Chaussier  calls   the  cephalic  and   basilic  veins 
the  Radial  and  Cubital  Cutaneous. 

CUTCH,    <:,,echu. 

CUTE,  .Malleolus. 

«   1    PI,  Catechu. 

CUTICLE,  Epidermis  — c.  of  the  Enamel,  sco 
Enamel. 

CI  TICULA,  Epidermis. 

CUTIO,  Oniscus. 

CI  IIS,  Pellis,  Pella,  Co'rinm,  Derma,  Deris, 
Anthro'pe,  Antkro'pen,  Skin,  (V.)  Peau,  Derme. 
A  dense,  resisting  membrane,  of  a  flexible  and 
extensible  nature,  which  forms  the  general  en- 
velope of  the  body;  and  is  continuous  with  the 
mucous  membranes,  through  the  different  natural 
apertures.  It  is  generally  considered  to  he  formed 
of  three  distinct  layers  —  the  epidermis,  rete  <>r 
more  properly  corpus  mucosnm,  and  atrium  [cutis 
vera,  derma).  Some  anatomists,  however,  sepa- 
rate it  into  several  others.  Its  outer  surface  is 
covered  by  a  number  of  small  eminences,  called 
papillae,  which  are  generally  regarded  as 
tially  nervous  and  vascular.  The  skin  is  our 
medium  of  communication  with  external  bodies. 
It  protects  the  subjacent  parts;  is  the  seat  of 
touch;  and  through  it  are  exhaled  the  watery 
parts  of  the  blood,  which  are  not  needed  in  the 
nutrition  of  the  body.  The  state  of  the  skin,  as 
regards  heat  and  dryness,  affords  useful  informa- 
tion in  pathological  investigations.  Its  colour, 
too,  requires  attention  :  the  paleness  of  din 
as  characteristic  as  the  rosy  complexion  of  health. 
The  colour  of  the  skin  varies  according  to  the 
age,  Bex,  ic.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  finer  in  the 
female  and  child  than  in  the  male  and  adult  In 
old  age  it  becomes  light-coloured,  thin,  and  dry. 
It  likewise  varies  according  to  the  races,  &c. 

Cutis  Anskrina,  Ilorrida  cutis  —  c.  Carnosa, 
Panniculua  camosus — c  Extima,  Epidermis — o. 
Linguae,  see  Tongue  —  c.  Suilla,  Oouenne  —  c 
Sunitna,  Epidermis — c.  Tensa  Chronica.  Indura- 
tion «>f  the  cellular  tissue— c.  Ultima,  Epidermis 
.  Vera,  Corium,  see  Cutis. 

I  i  TITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflammat.iou. 

CUTLINS,  Groats. 

CUTTING  ON  Till:  GRIPE,  see  Lithotomy. 

CUTTLE  ITS ll.  Sepia. 

CUTTUBUTH,  Outubuth,  Kutubutk,  Lencomo1- 
ria,  Melanchol'ia  errabund'a.  The  Arabian 
physicians  gave  this  name  to  a  species  of  melan- 
choly, accompanied  with  so  much  agitation,  that 
tlo-  patlente  cannot  remain  tranquil  forte 
of  an  hour. 

CUURDO  CANELLA,  Taurus  cinnamomum. 

CYAN'IO,    Cjan'icus,    (F.)    Cyaniquej    from 


CYAXEPHIDROSIS 


CYLLOSOMUS 


Xine  was  the  usual 


Kvavoi,  'blue.'     An  epithet  for  the  blue  stage  of  a  certain  number  of  days 

a  malady — as  cholera.  number. 

CYANEPBIDRO'SIS,  from  n»»;.  'blue,'  £*•<.  Cycle,  Hebdom'adal  or  Heptal.    A  period  of 

an  augmentative  preposition,  and  fyow, « I  sweat.'  seven  days  or  years,  which,  according  to  some, 

Copious    perspiration,    which    colours    the   linen  either  in  its  multiple  or  submultiple,  governs  an 

blue,  immense  number  of  phenomena  of  animal  life. 

CYAXODERMIA,  Cyanopathy.  ^SJwJ&Qy?Tii    T     iv            tv 

CYAN'OGEN,    (F.)    Cyan^jene  ;    from   «Wf  || 
'blue.'  and  ymuui,  'I  generate.'     So  called  from 


it?  being  an  ingredient  in  Prussian  blue.  It 
forms,  with  oxygen,  the  cyanic  and  other  acids ; 
with  hydrogen,  the  hydrocyanic  acid. 

CYAXOP'ATHY.  Cyanopathi'a,  Cyano'sis.  C. 
crirdi'aca,  Cyauoder'mia,  Hcemato-eyano'sis,  Hae- 
mato-cyanopatkia,  Kyauo'sis,  Morbus  c&ru'l.eus. 
C(prulo'»h  neonato'rum,  from  nvavos.  'blue.'  and 
xaSos,  'affection.'  (F.)  Cyono*e,  Maladic  bleu, 
Jctere  bleu.  A  disease  in  which  the  surface  of 
the  body  is  coloured  blue.  It  is  often  symptom- 
atic, and  commonly  depends  on  a  direct  com- 
munication remaining  between  the  cavities  of 
ti'.e  richt  and  left  side  of  the  heart;  Pa'tency 
of  the  fora'men  ora'le,  Acleitrocardie. —  Piorry. 
Such  communication  does  not,  however,  always 
occasion  the  blue  disease,  but  it  is  generally 
thought  that  the  disease  never  exists  without 
this  state  of  parts:  or  without  some  obstacle  to 
the  circulation  in  the  right  side  of  the  heart. 
The  blueness  does  not  seem  to  be  owing  to  the 
admixture  of  black  and  red  blood.  A  child 
affected  with  blueness  is  said  to  be  cyanosed, 
(F.)   Cyanose. 

CYAXOSE,  see  Cyanosis. 

CYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy — c.  Pulmonalis,  Ate- 
lectasis pulmonum. 

CYANURETUM  FERRO-ZIXCICEM,  Zinci 
ferro-hydrocyanas. 

CYANUS,  Centaurea  cyanus  —  c.  ^Egyptiacus, 
Nymphaea  nelumbo. 

Cy'axus  Seg"etoi,  Bluebottle,  (F.)  Bluet  ou 
Bleuet  des  Moissous,  Barbeau,  Aubifoin,  Casse- 
Lttuettes.  Ord.  Compositae.  The  blue  flowers 
of  this  European  plant,  (kvuvos,  'blue,')  when 
distilled  with  water,  have  been  used  in  ophthal- 
mia. 

CYAR.  Kvap.  'The  eye  of  a  needle,'  'a  small 
hole.'  The  Meatus  audito'rius  interims.  See 
Auditory  canal  (internal). 

CYATHIS'CUS.  diminutive  of  KvaSog,  'a  bowl.' 
The  concave  part  of  a  sound,  made  like  a  small 
spoon,  as  in  the  case  of  the  ear-pick. 

CY'ATHUS.  'a  bowl.'  A  measure,  both  of  the 
liquid  and  dry  kind,  equal  to  about  an  ounce  and 
a  half,  or  to  the  tenth  part  of  a  pint.  According 
to  Pliny  and  Galen,  about  10  drachms. 

Ctathus  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the  brain. 

CYBE.  Head. 

CYBITON,  Cubitus. 

CYBOIDES,  Cuboid. 


name,  as  well  as  Cyclis'cus,  was  also  given  to  a 
circular  kind  of  rasp.  They  have  the  *aine  ety- 
mon as  cvcle. 

CYCLOCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Cydocephale.  from 
kvk\os,  'a  circle,'  and  Kt^aXi],  'head.'  A  monster 
whose  eyes  are  in  contact,  or  united  in  one. 

CYCLOPHORTA,  from  kvk\oS,  'a  circle,'  and 
fepa,  'I  bear.'  The  circulation  of  the  blood  or 
other  fluids. 

CYCLO'PIA.  Same  etymon  as  Cyclops.  State 
of  a  monster  that  has  both  eyes  united  into  one. 
Called,  also,  Jfonops'ia  and  Jihinencephal'ia. 

Cyclopia  Gexistoi'des  :  Nat.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosae.  A  South  African  plant,  the  decoction  and 
infusion  of  which  are  used  as  expectorants  in 
chronic  bronchitis  and  in  phthisis. 

CYCLOPS,  kvk\u)^.',  from  kvk\os,  'an  orb  or 
circle,'  and  wy,  'an  eye.'  Monoc'ulns.  Monops, 
Monophthal'mus.  Mononi'matus,  Unioc'n/us,  Unoc'- 
tdus.  A  monster  having  but  one  eye,  and  that 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  like  the 
1  fabulous  Cvclops. 

CYCLOSIS.  Circulation. 

CYCLOT'jME,  Cyclot'omus,  from  kvk\oS,  'a 
1  circle,' and  rtfcmv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  ring  of  gold  and  a  cutting  blade,  by 
means  of  which  the  ball  of  the  eye  can  be  fixed, 
whilst  the  cornea  is  cut.  It  was  invented  by  a 
surgeon  of  Bordeaux,  named  Guerin,  for  extract- 
ins  the  cataract.     It  is  not  used. 

CYCLES.  Circulus. 

CYDOXIA,  Pyrus  cydonia  —  c.  Maliformis, 
Pyrus  cydonia — c.  Yulgaris,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYDONIA'TUM,  Cydona'tum,  Dyacydoni'tes. 
1  A  composition  of  the  Cydonia  mala  or  quinces, 
with  the  addition  of  spices. — Paulas  of  JEgina. 

CYDONIUM,  see  Pyrus  Cydonia— c.  Malum, 
see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYE'MA,  KVT]fia,  from  kvw,  '  I  conceive.'  Con- 
'  ception.  Likewise  the  product  of  conception. 
See  Embryo,  and  Foetus. 

CYESIOGXO'MOX.  from  nqcit,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yvufiwv,  'a  sign,  a  token.'  A  sign  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOGXO'SIS,  from  kvtjgis,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yvwcis,  'knowledge.'  Diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolog"ia,  from  kvthtis, 
'pregnancy,'  and  \oyos,  'a  description.'  The 
j   doctrine  of  gestation. 

CYESIS.  Conception,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

CYESTEIXE.  Kiesteine. 


CYLICH'XE,  Cylichnis.     A  pill-box  or  earth- 
enware  pot,  or  small  cup  ;  from  otA«|,  'a  cup.' — 
c.  Revomta,  ,.  Galen<  Foesius. 


Mem- 


CYCAS  CIRCIXALIS,  see 
se^  Sago.  CYLIXDRI.  see  Yillous  membranes—* 

)N,  from  kvkhu),  'I  mix  together.'     The     v>rariaeei  rer>um,  see  Calix. 

CYLTXDROID.  Cylindrdl'de*.  from  wXtvlpos, 


ancient  name  of  a  medicine  of  the  consistence  of 
pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey,  flour, 
barley  meal,  and  cheese. — Hippocrates. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROPIUM,  Arthani'ta,  A. 

cyc'lamen,  Cyclam'inus,  Cysxan'themon.  Cysso- 
phyl'lon,  Panis  pnrci'nns,  Cas'amum,  Chyli'ne, 
Sow-bread.  Ord.  Primulaoeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Pain  du  Poreeau.  The 
fresh  root  is  said  to  be  acrid,  bitter,  drastic,  and 
anthelmintic.  Dose,  3J.  For  external  use,  see 
Arthanita. 

CYCLE,  Cyclus,  from  kvk\os,  'a  circle.'  A 
period  or  revolution  of  a  certain  number  of  years 
or  days.  The  Methodists  gave  this  name  to  an 
aggregate  of  curative  means,  continued  during 


'cylinder,'  and  ticog,  'form.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  cylinder.  Chaussier  calls  the  Cornu  Ammo- 
nis.  Protuberance  cylindro'ide. 

CYLIXDROTDES.  Teres. 

CYLLOEPUS.  see  Kvllosis. 

CYLLOPODA.  see  Kvllosis. 

CYLLOPODIOX.  see  Kvllosis. 

CYLLO'SIS,  mWuois.  Lameness,  mutilation, 
or  vicious  conformation. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 
See  Kvllosis. 

CYLLOSO'MES,  from  /n>*Ao?,  '  crooked,'  and 
oupa,  'body.'  A  malformation  by  defect,  in 
which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  lateral, 
chiefly  in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  the  in- 


CYMATODES 


2G9         CYNANCIIE    TRACIIEALIS 


ferior    extremity  of  the    ride    affected  with    the 

.-.  nt,  or  wry  little  developed. — V 

CYMATO'DES.  Umdo'eua  from  ropa,  '•  ware,' 

-  imblsnoeJ     The  vacillating,  nndn- 

tstory  character  of  the  pulse  iu  weak  individuals. 

CYMBA,  Vulva. 

CYMBALARIA   BLATINE,  Antirhinum  ela- 

•.  Muralis.  Antirhinum  linaria. 
CYMBAL  VRIS,  Cricoid. 
CYMBIF0RM1 
CYMBOPO      >N    -    BKENANTHDS,    Juncus 

M,  Cuminum  ojminam. 
MOGB  IPHION,  Kymographion. 
CYNAN'CHB,    A'l'ji'txt,  from    kvu)v,  kvvos,   'a 

■honk,' 
Vweneie,  Swin'aciej  Para- 
ci/it'iii  I'rum  l.'ln,     >'-/>/ Inan'th in, 

]  tit,  C  "'"«    PariathmVtia, 

'  iri*thmi'tia,  Fnflammatio  Fau'einm. 
Inflammatioa  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  upper  part  <>f  the  air-passages: — (F.) 

je,   Synaneie, 

It  comprises  the  follow- 

i. 

\.  UK  Ei'iDi-.Micv.  Cynanehe  maligna — c. 

Externa.  ('.  Parotidiea — c.  Fauoinm,  C.  tonsillaris 

— e.  Gangrenosa,  Cynanehe  maligna — e.  Laryn- 

gea.  Laryngitis. 

UTCHI  Mamg'xa,  C.  gruigrfrno'sn  seu  epi- 
seu   pur'puro-parotidm'a    seu  n<- 

'  urn    Angi'nd,  Empres'  ma    Pa- 

riethmi'tia    Halig'na,     Toneilla'rum    gangro'na, 

.    Epidem'iea  gutturia   lurs, 

fee'tua,    Pcsdan'ehoni    [/], 

Tonailla'rnm,    Ulcua  Syriacum,    Grar- 

rotil'lo,  Carbnn'culue  angino'eua,  Angi'na  ulcero'aa 

a  ,[,;.!.  m'ica   Ben  gang 

"I'ciiuii  maliij'ua.  lathmoty' phua, 

P  Son    Throat,  Gangrenotu  /«- 

ition    of  the  Pharynx,   (F.)   Angina  gan- 
It   is   characterised    by 
erimson  redness  of  the  mncons  membrane  of  the 
and    tonsils;    ulcerations,    covered   with 
•.ding   sloughs,  of  an    ash    or 
whitish    hue;    the   accompanying   fever   typhus. 
1-   -  and  e       rally  contagions  [?] ; 

anil  i<  frequently  found  accompanying  scarlet 
fever. — giving  r\>o  to  the  variety,  Scarlatina  ma- 
ligna, Cank  r  ni.-h.  Cynanehe  maligns  lias  been 
made  I  •  inclu  I  l>  'th  diphtheritic  and  gangrenous 
phary  See  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

Tho  general  hi  in  typhus  : 

and  stimul 

consisting,  for  example,  of  the  decoction  of  hark 
and  muriatic  acid. 

M a  xn.r.ARis.  c.  Parottdma — e.  (Eso- 
ritis. 

\.   ' '.   Parotides  seu  ex- 
iin.rithi'  )■'- .  a     Paroti'tia, 


Parotitia,    P. 


contagi  glu'tini   tu'- 

mene.   Parot'ia,  Parotid  i   maxiUa'ria 

■ii  parotid*  r,  Ery- 

throrh'i  ■"  i/imn'i  In',     Onathorynan'ehe, 

Inflamma'tio    paro'tidum,    Infla'tio    pevro'tidum, 
Catar'rhnt     Bellinaula'nue,      Bran    • 
tfumpa,  [  V .  i  In  Hammati 

trie  symptoms  are  : 
— a  painful  tumour  of  the  parotid  gland,  or  of 
the  cellular  tissue  Burroonding  it.  or  of  both,  not 
of  the  suppurative  kind:  frequently  extending  to 
the  maxillary  gland.  It  is  very  001 
ternally,  and  is  often  accompanied  with  swelling 
of  the  testes  in  the  male,  and  of  the  mammas  in 
•  ale  ;  the  tes  itnetiraes  absorbed 

afteru  rally  epidemic,  and  appa- 

rently   contagious.   [?]     The    treatmeut    id   very 


simple:  the  adoption  merely  of  the  antiphlogistic 
plan,  under   which    it   usually  soon   diva] 
When  inflammation   of  the  mammas   or 
supervenes,  it  must  be  treated  as  if  idiopathic. 

Epidem'ie  Paroti'tia  or  Mump*  is  also  termed 
Paroti'tia  polymor'pha  Ben  epidem' 

cif  int. 

Ctrakcri   Pharttcsb'a,    Empree'ma 
thmi'tis   Pkatryngea,    hthmi'tia,   Pharyngi'tia,  fn- 
flmnni't'tin  Pharyn'gia,   Paraaynnn'ehe,  Angina 
inflammatorim.  Sp.  iv. — (Boerhave.        1 
giua    Pnaryngee,   Gatarre  pharyngien.      Inflam- 
mation of  the  pharynx. 

This   disease   can    hardly   be  said  to    differ,  in 
pathology  or  treatment,  from   Cynanehe 
laris.     The  same  may  be  remarked  of  the  Cynan- 

phage'a,  QSeophagi'tie. 
CfXAXCHE  PRUNELLA,  C.  Tonsillaris  —  c.  Pur- 
puro-parotidsaa,  Cynanehe  maligna — o.  Simplex, 
Tsthmitis — c.  Stridnla,  C.  trachealis. 

Cynahche  Tonsillaris,  C.fan'eium  *rn  Pru- 
nella, I.  Pariathmi'tia  Tonailln'ria,  Sy- 
nan'chS,  Amygdali'tia,  Brand,  Branchi,  Wyan- 
ehe,  TonaillV tia,  Pariath'mia,  Pariathmi'tia, 
pha'gia  inflammato'ria,  Antiadi'tia,  Angina  in- 
flammato'ria seu  enm  tumo'ri  seu  tonailla' 
aynoeha'lia  sou  aangnin'ea  seu  vera  rt  legit' imat 
Infiamma'tio  Tonailla'rum,  Antiadon'cua  injlam- 
mato'riua,  Inflammatory  Sore  Throat,  Common 
Squinancy,  Sqninzey,  Sqninsy  or  Quinay,  (F.) 
Amygdalite,  Inflammation  dea  Amygdalae,  Angina 
tonaillaire,  Pharyngite  tonaiflaire,  Eeqviiianeie, 
Squinancie,  Catarrhe  guttural,  Angina  gutt urate 
inflammatoire.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of 
this  affection  are.  swelling  and  florid  redness  of 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces,  and  espe- 
cially of  tho  tonsils:  painful  and  impede. 1  deglu- 
tition, accompanied  with  inflammatory  lever.  It 
is  generally  ascribed  to   cold,  and   is    one  of  the 

immon  affections  of  cold  and  temperate 
climates.  It  usually  ^w^  off  by  resolution,  but 
frequently  ends  in  suppuration. 

Common  sore  throat  is  an  affection  of  no  con- 
sequence. It  requires  merely  rest,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  When 
more  violent,  —  in  addition  to  this.  —  bleeding, 
local  or  general,  or  both, — purgatives,  inhalation 
of  the  steam  of  warm  water;  acid,  or  emollient 
gargles;  rubefacients  externally,  or  sinapisms  or 
blisters.  When  suppuration  must  inevilably 
occur,  the  continued  use  of  the  inhaler  must  bo 
advised,  and  an  opening  be  made  into  the  abscess 
as  soon  as  pus  shall  have  formed.  If  the  patient 
be  likely  to  be  suffocated  by  the  tumefaction, 
bronchotomy  may  be  necessary. 

Ctnanche  Trachea'lis,  Cynanehe  larynge'a 
of  some.  C.  atrid'ula,  Suffoea'tio  atrid'ula,  Asth- 
ma infan'tum,  ( 'a tar' rims  auffoeati'vua  Barbadeu'- 
eia,  Angi'na  polypo'aa  sen  membrana'eea  seu  pnl- 
po'sa  seu  pernicio'an  sen  inflammato'ria  seu  euffo- 
vato'ria  >cu  atrepita'aa  sen  oant'no  seu  exandato'- 

i  trachea'lie,  /  ea'nta  bronchi' tit  seu 
bronchlemmi'tia,  Laryngi'tia  at  Troekei'tia  in- 
fan'tilia,  Laryngi'tia  exaudoti'va  sen  nieff»Ora«a'- 
ri  a  seu  polypo'aa,  liaryngoa'taeia  sen  Laryngo- 
tracln  i'tis,  Laryngo-tracheitie  with  diphtherit'ie 
exnda'tion,  Laryngoc'ace,  Orihopna'a  eynan'- 
Oynanchorthopna'a,  Padanehoni  [*],  Mor- 
bus Strangulato'riua,  Traehi'tia,  Traehei'tia,  '/Vo- 
eheli'tia,  Diphtheri'tia  trachea' lie,  Expeetora'tio 
Sol'ida,  Cauma  Bronehi'tia,  Croup,  Roup.  Hivea, 
Bold  Hivea,  Choak,  Stuffing,  Hieing  of  the  lighta, 

■  ii,,,  laryngii  et  trmchiale,  Laryngiu  avee 
production  da  fauaaea  membranee,  Laryngite 
paeudo-membraneuee,      A  characterised 

by   Bonorous   and   suffocative   breathing;   harsh 

OOUgh,  ringing,  or  like  the  harking  of  a 
'1"_':    fever,   highly    inflammatory.      It    i<    apt    to 

-dily  attended  with    the    formation   of  a 


CYNANCHICA 


270 


CYPRES 


false  membrane,  which  lines  the  trachea  beneath 
the  glottis,  and  occasions  violent  dyspnoea  and 
suffocation,  but  is  sometimes  expectorated.  The 
dyspnoea,  as  in  all  other  affections  of  the  air- 
paasages,  has  evident  exacerbations.  It  differs 
in  its  character  in  different  situations  ;  being  in- 
finitely more  inflammatory  in  some  places  than 
in  others,  and  hence  the  success  obtained  by  dif- 
ferent modes  of  treatment.  It  chiefly  affects 
children,  and  is  apt  to  recur,  but  the  subsequent 
attacks  are  usually  less  and  less  severe. 

As  a  general  rule,  it  requires  the  most  ac- 
tive treatment ;  bleeding  from  the  arm  or  neck, 
so  as  to  induce  paleness ;  leeches  applied  to  the 
neck,  &c,  according  to  the  age, — the  warm  bath, 
nlisters  to  the  neck  or  chest,  and  purgatives. 
Formidable  as  the  disease  may  be,  if  this  plan  be 
followed  early,  it  will  generally  be  successful. 
Many  specifics  have  been  recommended,  but 
the  search  has  been  idle  and  fruitless.  The 
majority  of  cases  of  what  are  called  croup  are 
not  of  this  inflammatory  east;  but  are  more  of 
a  spasmodic  character,  and  have  been  termed  by 
the  French  faux  croups,  and  with  us  are  occa- 
sionally termed  spasmodic  croup.  They  gene- 
rally yield  to  an  emetic  and  the  warm  bath. 

Cynanche  Trachealis  Spasmodica,  Asthma 
acutum,  A.  Thymicum — c.  Ulcerosa,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

CYNAX'CHICA.  Medicines  used  in  cases  of 
quinsv  were  formerly  so  called. 

CYANCHORTHOPNffiA,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

CYTXAX'CHUM.  Same  etymon.  A  genus  of 
plants,  Ord.  Asclepiadaceae,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing are  used  in  medicine. 

Cynanchum  Argel,  C.  oleaefoliuni —  c.  Ipeca- 
cuanha, Tylophora  asthmatica. 

CyNANCHDM  MoNSPEl/lACUlT,  Scam'mony  of 
3fontpellier.  The  plant  furnishes  a  blackish  kind 
of  gum-resin,  which  is  purgative,  and  but  little 
used. 

CYNANCHUM  O-LEJEFO'Lirnr,  C.  argel,  Soleno- 
stem'ma  argel,  Argel.  An  Egyptian,  Nubian  and 
Arabian  shrub,  the  leaves  of  which  form  a  por- 
tion of  most  samples  of  Alexandrian  senna. 
They  resemble  senna  in  their  action. 

Cynanchum  Tomentosdm,  Tylophora  asthmat- 
ica— c.  Yincetoxicum,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum — 
c.  Viridiflorum,  Tylophora  asthmatica — c.  Vomi- 
torium,  Tvlophora  asthmatica. 

CYNANTHEMIS,  Anthemis  cotula. 
CYNANTHRO'PIA,  from  kvwv,  kwos,  'dog,' 
and  nvSpuiiroi;,  l  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholia, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed 
into  a  dog;  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of 
that  animal. 

CYN'ARA,  0.  Scol'ymus,  Cin'ara  scol'ymus,  ki- 
vapa.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Ar'tichoke,  Al- 
coc'alum,  Articoc'alus,  Artiscoc'cus  Icpvis,  Cost  us 
nigra,  Car'duus  sati'vus  non  spiuo'sus,  Cinara  hor- 
ten'sis,  Scolymus  sati'vus,  Car'duus  sativus  seu 
domest'icus  cap' ite  ma  jo' re  seu  al'tilis,  anciently 
(Crt/croj,  cactus,  (F.)  Artichaut.  Ord.  Compositae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  a?qualis.  In- 
digenous in  the  southern  parts  of  Europe.  Much 
used  as  an  agreeable  article  of  diet.  The  juice 
of  the  leaves,  mixed  with  white  wine,  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

CYX'ICUS,  Cyno'des,  from  kvojv,  kwos,  'a  dog.' 
Cynic,  (F.)  Cynique.  Relating  to,  or  resembling 
a  dog.  Cynic  spasm  is  a  convulsive  contraction 
of  the  muscles  of  one  side  of  the  face, — dragging 
the  eye,  cheek,  mouth,  nose,  &c,  to  one  side. 
See  Canine. 

CYNIPS  QUERCUS  FOLII,  see  Quercus  in- 
fectoria. 

CYNOCOPRUS.  Album  graecum. 
CYNOCRAMBE,  Mercurialis  perennis. 


CYXOCT0X0X.  Aconitum. 

CYXOCYTISUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYXODEC'TOS,  from  kVu>v,  *  a  dog,'  and  <V<", 
'I  bite.'  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a  dog. — 
Dioscorides. 

CYXODES,  Cvnicus. 

CYXODESMIOX,  Fraanum  penis. 

CYXODESMUS.  Framum  penis. 

CY'XODON  DAC'TYLON,  (kvuv,  'a  dog.'  and 
obovs,  oSovros,  '  a  tooth,')Pan'icum  seu  Digita'ria 
dactylon,  Bermuda  grass;  indigenous.  Ord. 
Gramineae.  The  roots  have  been  used  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  sarsaparilla. 

CYNODONTES,  Canine  teeth. 

CYTXOGLOS'SUM,  from  kvwv,  kwos,  'a  dog,' 
and  y'Xucroa,  'a  tongue.'  Cynoglos 'sum  ojfficiua'le 
seu  bi' color,  Lingua  Cani'na,  Hound's  tongue, 
Caballa'tion,  (F.)  Langue  de  Chien.  Ord.  Bora- 
gineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  It 
is  aromatic  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  possessed  of  narcotic  properties. 

CYXOGLOSSUM  AMPLEXICAULE,  C.  Vir- 
ginicum. 

CYXOGLOSSUM  VIRGIN'ICUM,C.a»»j>teri'- 
caule,  Wild  Comfrey ;  indigenous;  has  mucilagi- 
nous properties.  The  leaves  are  smoked,  and  are 
said  to  produce  effects  like  those  of  tobacco.  [?] 

CYNOLOPIIOI,  Spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 
tebra?. 

CYXOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia. 

CYNOMETRA  AGALLOCHUM,  Agallochum. 

CYNOMOIA,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CYNOMO'RIUM  COCCIX'EUM,  from  kvuv, 
kwos,  'a  dog,'  nndfiwpiov,  '  the  penis.'  (F.)  Cham- 
pig  non  de  Malte.  Ord.  Balanophoreae.  Impro- 
perly called  Fungus  Meliten'sis,  or  Fungus  of 
Malta,  as  it  is  not  a  fungus.  The  powder  has 
been  given  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhage, 
dysenterv,  &c. 

CYXOREXIA,  Boulimia. 

CYTXORRHODOX,  Rosa  canina. 

CYrXOSBATOS.  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSORCHIS,  Orchis  mascula. 

CYNOSPASTUM,  Rosa  canina. 

CYON,  kvwv.  The  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  fraenum  of  the  prepuce;  at  others,  the  penis. 

CYOPHORIA,  Pregnancy. 

CYOT'ROPHYr,  Cyotroph'ia,  Embryot'rophy, 
Embryotroph'ia,  from  kvos,  'embryo,'  and  rpeipuv, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  of  the  embryo.  Foetal 
nutrition. 

CYTARISSUS,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 

CYPERUS  ANTIQUORUM,  Kvneipos,  Lawso- 
nia  inermis — c.  Indicus,  Curcuma  longa. 

Cype'rus  Long  US,  C.  Boma'nus,  Galangale, 
(F.)  Souchet  odnrant.  Ord.  Cyperaceae.  It  pos- 
sesses aromatic  and  bitter  properties,  but  is  not 
used.     See,  also,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Odorus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c. 
Peruanus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c.  Romanus, 
C.  longus. 

Cyperus  Rotun'dus,  C.  tetras'tachys,  the 
Bound  Cype'rus,  (F.)  Souchet  rond.  It  is  a  more 
grateful  aromatic  bitter  than  the  C.  longus. 

Cyperus  Tetrastachys,  C.  rotundus. 

CY'PHEL,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

CYPHO'MA,  Cyphos,  Cypho'sis,  Cyrto'ma,  Cyr- 
to'sis,  Opisthocypho'sis,  from  kvQos,  'gibbous.' 
Gibbosity  of  the  spine.  See  Yertebral  Column, 
&c.  Cyrtosis  forms  a  genus  in  the  order  Dys- 
thet'icn,  and  class  Hcemat'ica  of  Good,  and  is  de- 
fined: 'head  bulky,  especially  anteriorly  ;  stature 
short  and  incurvated ;  flesh  flabby,  tabid,  and 
wrinkled.'     It  includes  Cretinism,  and  Rickets. 

CYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas,  see  Hump,  and  Ky- 
phosis. 

CYPBES,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 


CYPRESS 


271 


CYSTIUIIIIAGIA 


CYPRESS,  Cupressus  sempen  irens,  Taxodiutn 
i.   Taxodium    distiobuia  — c 
Trie  Liriodendron. 

!;IM  M  (O'LEUM), Kv*pi*99  (sXmtei 
--  ;  prepared  of  olive  oil,  cypres*  flowers, 
ealaiuus,    myrrh,   eardainom,  iuula,  bitumen  of 
It  w;»r  formerly  employed  In  cer- 
tain diseases  «'t"  the  uterus,  pleurisies,  Ac,  and 
irded  to  be  both  stimulant  and  emollient 
RIPE  DIUM  A*  A  i    I  .  Venus,' 

or  buskin.')     0.  fni'mi/r,  St,  ,,<- 
'Slipper;   iluecatin   Flower j  Noah** 
■ ,     ,  Oi    lidaoesB.      [ndigenoua  :  Bowers 
June.     The.  roota  are  used  by  steam- 
-  in  nervous  diseases,  like  valerian. 
(i  pripcdii  m  C  ilceolob,  C.  Luteum,  C.  spee- 
labile  —  o.  Canadense,  C,  Bpectabile  —  c.  Plaves- 
'.  Luteum— c.  Humile,  C.  acaule. 
Cypripc'didii  Lu'tbum,  C.  Galee'olue  sen  Fla- 
ieu  Pubee'cene  sen  Parvijlo'rum,   Yellow 
tlipper,  Moc'eatin  /lower,  Moccaein  plant, 
eding    heart,    American    vale'rian, 
Yellow  rnnbil,  male  ifervine,  Noah's  ark,  (F.)  So- 
tjaune.     An  indigenous  plant,  which 
|a  found  all  over  the  United  States;  blossoming 
in  May  and  June.     The  root  is  considered  to  be 
antispasmodic,  and  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
valerian. 

Ctpripbdium   Parviflotum,   C.   Luteum— c. 
Pabescens,  C.  Luteum. 

[PBDIDM    SpEOTAB'ilB,    C.    Calce'ohts    seu 
.    Showy  ladies'  slipper,   is    the    most 
beautiful  of  the  genus.     It  is  said  to  possess  pro- 
identical  with  those  of  C.  Luteum. 
CYPRIUM,  Cuprum. 
CYPSELE,  Cerumen. 

0  K<   EON,  Anus. 
CYRTOIDES,  Cuboid. 
CYRTOMA,  Curvature.  Cyphoma. 
CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis. 

-  UJTHEMON,  Cyclamen. 

-  \  I;  US,  Anus,  Rectum. 

i  tfSSOPHYLLON,  Cyclamen. 
(  \  S'SOTIS,  from  kvoos.  'the  anus.'    The  lower 
part  of  the  rectum:  tenesmus. 

1  ^  ST,  Kyst 

CYSTAL'GIA,  Cyetidal'gia,  from  maris,  'the 

bladder,'  and  aAyoy,  'pain.'    Pain  in  the  bladder. 

i  yST  vm:.\ci:i'1I  \.'LIA,frora*i><rTtf ,'ablad- 


•  absence  of  brain.      A 

place  of  a  brain,  a  Mad- 


der,' and  aneneepha' li 
monstrosity,  in  h  bich, 
der  is  found  filled  with  fluid. — G.  St  Ililaire. 

CY8TATR0PHTA,  from  mans,  'bladder,' and 
arftuipm,  '  atrophy.'  Aeyeturo  trophie, — Piorry. 
Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  bladder. 

-  [  V.UCHENOTOM'IA,Cy«tofrocfte/otom'to, 
ttrachelotom'ia,    from    Kvans,   'a  bladder,' 
av^qv.  'the  nc.-k,'  and  roun,  'incision.'     An  inci- 
sion into  the  neck  of  the  bladder.   See  Lithotomy. 
•  1  A  I  XI!,  Hypertroph'ia  veai'ccB  urinn'ritB. 
,  :    from  kvotis,  '  bladder,'  and 
i  trophy    of   the   coats   of 
the  urinary  bladder. — Fuohs.  persar- 

<  F8TECTASY,  Lithectaay. 

rCEPH'  ILUS,  from  nwrtft  'bladder,' 
and  »t.  <  ';.  'head.'  A  monster  having  ;i  head 
with  a  vesicular  brain. — (J.  St.  Ililaire. 

-  I  BOL'Il  HOS,  rrom  mens,  'the  bladder,' 
aad  XtQes,  'a  stone.'    Stone  In  the  bladder.     Also, 
a  medicine/  etnploj  ed  to  di  isolve  or  break  .-tone. 
CYSTERE1  11 1 -'.MIS.  Trritabil' itns  sen  Tmpa- 
From  maris,  •the  bladder,'  and 
.  '  I  irritate.'     Irritability  of  the  bladder. 
Cl  STH1  PAT'ICl  8,from*wnft  'the bladder,' 
and  'n^ap,  'the  liver.'     Belonging  to   the  gall- 
bladder and  liver.     This   name  was  given;  for- 
merly, to  imaginary  excretory  duel;  for  the  bile, 


which  were  tuppot  directly  from  the 

the  gall-bladder. 

B.EPATOLITHrASIS,tys<to>pafo/trA«'- 
aeie,  Ckolelitk'iatCkolelitki'a»ia,  from  mens,  'tho 
bladder,'  '>i-iip,  *  the  liver,'  and  Xt&ao-i$,  '  pain 
caused  by  ■  calculus.'  I  be  aggregate  of  pheno- 
mena caused  by  the  presence  of  biliary  calculi. 
See  Calculi,  biliary. 
<  J  STHITIS,  Kysthitis, 

I  J  STH1  B,   Anus.  Vulva. 

c\  S  rHYPERSARCO'SIS,  from  maris,  'blad- 
der,'  'i  -!(-,  'over,'  and  capiaoots,  *a  fleshy  grow  tb  ;' 
ttt'tia  Veei'ca  uriua'ria.  A  fleshy  thick- 
enlng  of  the  coats  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTIC,  Cya'ticue,  (P.)  detique,  from  marts, 
'a  bladder.'  Belonging  to  the  gall-bladder.  Also, 

containing  Cy8tSS,  (  y«roH*. 

Cystic  Artbrt,  Arte'ria  Cye'tien,  is  given  off 
from  the  righl  branofa  of  the  hepatic,  and  divides 
into  two  branches,  which  proceed  to  the  gall- 
bladder. It  is  accompanied  by  two  cystic  veiue, 
which  open  into  the  vena  porta  abdominalis. 

Cystic  Biub.  Rile  contained  in  the  gall- 
bladder, 

CT8TIC  Cal'0DLI.  Calculi  formed  in  the  gall- 
bladder.     See  Calculi. 

Cystic  Duct,  Dmtus  cys'ticnt,  Mea'tnt  ey*'fi- 
etta.  The  duct  proceeding  from  the  gall-bladder, 
which,  by  its  union  with  the  hepatic,  forms  the 
ductus  communis  choledochue. 

(  ^  si  ic  Oxyd,  Oxyd,  cystic — Cystic  Oxyd  Cal- 
ci  i.i,  see  Calculi,  Urinary. 

Cystic  Sabco'ma,  of  Ab'ernetht,  Emphy'ma 
Saredma  eellulo'eum.  Tumour,  cellulous  or  cys- 
tous; cells  oval,  currant-sized  or  grape-sized,  con- 
taining serous  fluid;  sometimes  caseous,  pound 
in  the  thyroid  glaud  (forming  brouchoccle,)  testis, 
ovarium,  Ac. 

CYS'TICA,  Cystic  Remedies.  Such  medicines 
as  were  formerly  believed  proper  for  combating 
diseases  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTICER'CUS,  from  worts,  'a  bladder,'  and 
KtpKos,  'a  tail.'  A  genus  of  entozoa  of  the  family 
of  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by  the  caudal 
!  vesicle  in  which  the  cylindrical  or  slightly  de- 
pressed body  of  the  animal  terminates.  The  Cy»- 
ticer'cus  <■<  I/hIo'icb,  (F.)  Cystict  r<j>n  </n  Tiseu  c<  II ><- 
laire,  Hy'datiefinna,  has  been  often  found  in  the 
cellular  membrane. 

CYSTWERQUE  DU  TISSU  CELLU- 
LAIRE,  Cysticercus  eellulosae. 

CYSTIDALGIA,  Cystalgia. 

CYSTIDELCO'SIS,  from  wans,  'bladder,'  and 
'cXicwo-tj,  'ulceration.'  Suppuration  or  ulceration 
of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDEPATICUS,  Hepatocystic. 

CYST  1 1 )  EPA  I  '< I  1>  IT  1 1 1  AS  I S,  ( 'y  st  hepatolithi- 
asis. 

CYSTTD0BLENN0RRHG2A,  Cvstirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOCATARRHUS,  Cystlrrhcea. 

CYSTIDOCELE,  Cystocele. 

CY8TID0PLEG1  \.  Cystoparalysis. 

•  YSTIDORRHAGIA,  Cystorrbagia, 

CYSTIDORRHEXIS,  Cystorrbexi*. 

CY8TIDORRH02  \.  Cystirrhoea, 

CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,     Cystosomatoto- 

mia. 

CY8TIDOSP  \-Mi  S,  see  Cystospaetic. 
CYSTIDOSTENOCH0RIA,  Stricture   of  tho 
urinary  bladder. 
CI  STID0T0M1  \.  Cystotomia, 
CYSTTDOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystaucbeno- 

tomia. 

CYSTINE,  Oxyd,  cystic. 
CY8TINURIA,  Urine,  cv.-tinic. 

CY8TINX,   Vesicula. 

I  [PHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 
CYSTIRRHAG"IA,  from  maris, '  the  bladder,' 

and  prjywu,  'I  break  forth.'   Hemorrhage  from  the 


CYSTIRRHEUMA 


CYSTOSOMATOMIA 


bladder.  (F.)  Hemorrhagic  de  la  Yeasie.  By  some 
used  synonymously  with  cystirrhoea. 
CYSTIRRHEUMA,  Oystorrheuma. 
CYSTIRRHCE'A,  from  kvotis,  'the  bladder/ 
and  pcu>.  'I  flow.'  Paru'ria  Stillati"tia  Muco'sn,  [ 
Blennu'ria,  Blennorrhea' a  urina'tis  seu  vesi'ccB, 
Cysto-bl&niwrrhos'a,  Cyatorrhoe'a,  Qyntido-blennor- 
r/nc'a,  lachu' ria,  Cysto-phlcgmat'  iea,  Teucs' mns 
Yesi'cce  3fuco'aua,  Uri'na  muco'sa,  Cystocatar'- 
rhua,  Cyatido-catar'rhua,  Oyatidorrhat'o,  Uroeyato- 
catar'rhus,  Uysu'ria  Muco'sa,  Pyu'ria  Mucosa 
seu  tria'cida  seu  aero'aa,  Morbus  cystophlcgmat'- 
icus,  Catar'rhua  veai'ctB,  (F.)  Oyatite  inuqiieuae, 
Blenno-cystitc,  Flux  muqueux  de  la  resale,  Catar- 
rhe  vfoiccd,  BlencyatorrhSe,  —  Piorry.  A  copious 
discharge  of  mucus  from  the  bladder,  passing  out 
■with  the  urine,  and  generally  attended  with  dysu- 
ria.  It  is  commonly  dependent  upon  an  inflam- 
matory or  subinflauimatory  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane.  The  treatment  must  be  regulated  by 
the  cause.  If  it  be  not  produced  by  an  extrane- 
ous bod}' :  the  antiphlogistic  plan, — the  exhibition 
of  warm  diluents,  and  keeping  the  surface  in  a 
perspirable  state,  by  wearing  flannel,  are  indi- 
cated. Some  of  the  turpentines  may,  at  times, 
be  given  with  advantage:  and  astringent  or  other 
appropriate  injections  be  thrown  into  the  bladder. 

CYSTIS,  Follicle,  Urinary  bladder  —  c.  Cho- 
ledochus,  Gall-bladder — c.  'Fellea,  Gall-bladder 
— c.  Serosa,  Hygroma. 

CYSTITE,  Cystitis— c.  Muqueuse,  Cystitis. 

CYSTI'TIS,  from  kvotis,  'the  bladder.'  In- 
flamma'tio  Yesi'ccB,  Empres'ma  Cysti'tis,  Oysti'tis 
u'rica,  Uro-cysti'tia,  Cyatiphlo' gin,  Cystophlo'gia, 
Inflammation  of  the  bladder,  (F.)  Cystite,  In- 
flammation de  la  vessie,  Cysturite, — Piorry  ;  cha- 
racterized by  pain  and  swelling  in  the  hypogas- 
tric region  ;  discharge  of  urine  painful  or  ob- 
structed, and  tenesmus.  It  may  affect  one  or 
all  of  the  membranes  ;  but  commonly  it  is  con- 
fined to  the  mucous  coat.  In  the  chronic  con- 
dition, it  appears  in  the  form  of  cystirrhoea.  It 
must  be  treated  upon  the  same  energetic  princi- 
ples as  are  required  in  other  cases  of  internal 
inflammation:  venesection,  eeneral  and  local, 
the  warm  bath,  warm  fomentations,  warm,  sooth- 
ing enemata.  diluents,  ifcc.  Cantharides  must 
be  avoided,  even  in  the  way  of  blisters,  unless 
with  precautions,  as  the  disease  is  often  occa- 
sioned by  them. 

Cystitis  Fellea,  Cholecystitis — c.  Urica,  Cys- 
titis. 

CYSTITOME,  Oyatifomua,  Gyst'otome, Kibia'i- 
tome,  Kys'titome,  Kyatotome,  from  kvgtis,  '  the 
bladder.'  and  rtpvziv,  '  to  cut.'  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Lafaye,  for  dividing  the  anterior 
oart  of  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline  in  the  opera- 
tion for  extracting  cataract.  It  was  formed  like 
the  Pharyngotome. 

CYSTO.  In  composition,  relating  or  apper- 
taining to  a  bladder,  and  generally  to  the  urinary 
bladder. 

CYSTOBLAST,  Cytoblast. 

CYSTO-BLEXXORRHCEA.  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTO-BFBOXOCE'LE.  from  kvcttis,  'the 
bladder,'  ffovfiuv,  'the  groin.'  and  KT]\rj,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  abdo- 
minal riu?. 

CYSTO-CATARRHF/S,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOCE'LE,  Gyatoee'Ua,  Cistoce'le,  Cystido- 
ce'le,  from  kvvtis,  'the  bladder,'  and  KrjXrj.  'a  tu- 
mour,' Her' nia  resi'ece  uriua'rics,  Hernia  of  the 
bladder,  (F.)  Hemie  de  la  Yessie.  It  is  not  com- 
mon. It  occurs,  most  frequently,  at  the  abdomi- 
nal ring:  less  so  at  the  crural  arch,  perinaeum, 
vagina,  and  foramen  thyroideum.  It  may  exist 
alone,  or  be  accompanied  by  a  sac,  containing 
some  abdominal  viscus.     The  tumour  is  soft  and 


fluctuating;  disappears  on  pressure,  and  increases 
in  size  when  thu  urine  is  retained.  It  must  be 
reduced  and  kept  in  position  by  a  truss.  \'"<ji- 
nal  cystocele  is  kept  in  place  by  a  pessary. 

Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesicuhc 
felleae. 

CYSTODYX'IA,  from  Kvang,  'the  bladder,' 
and  odvvrj,  'pain.'  Pain  of  the  bladder;  particu- 
larly rheumatic  pain. 

CYSTOli  JAUIA.  (F.)  Cystohemie,  from  kvctis, 
'  bladder,'  and  'ai/jia,  '  blood.'  Congestion  of 
blood  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOID,  Cysto'i'deus,  Cyst-like,  from  wen?, 
'  a  bladder  or  cyst,'  and  tidos.  '  resemblance.  That 
which  resembles  a  cyst,  as  l cystoid  tumour.' 

CYSTO-LITHIASIS,  see  Calculi,  vesical. 

CYSTO-LITH'IC,  Cystolith'icus,  (F.)  Cysto- 
lithique,  from  kvvtis,  'the  bladder,'  and  \i$o>,  'a 
stone.'     Relating  to  stone  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOMA,  see  Kyst. 

CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,  from  ntms,  <  the  blad- 
der,' pepos,  'the  thigh,'  and  ktiXtj,  'hernia.'  Fe- 
moral hernia,  formed  by  the  bladder  protruding 
beneath  the  crural  arch. 

CYSTOX'CUS,  from  kvotis,  'the  bladder,'  and 
oyKoq,  'tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOPARAL'YSIS,  Cystidopara/'ysis,  Cys- 
tidople'gia,  Cystople'gia,  Cystoplex' ia,  Acyatiner'- 
via,  Acysturonervia,  Amyosthenie  Oyaturiqite, — 
Piorry,  from  Kvtms,  '  bladder,'  and  TrapaAucrjj, 
'  palsy.'  Paralysis  of  the  urinary  bladder.  See 
Enuresis. 

CYSTO-PHLEGMATTC,  Cyatophlegmat'icu*, 
from  Kvang,  'the  bladder,'  and  <f,\t.yp.a,  'mucus, 
phlegm.'  Belonging  to  the  vesical  mucus.  Mor- 
bus ci/stophfeqmat'icus.     Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  vesica'lis,  from 
maris,  'the  bladder,' and  </)0tw,  'I  consume.'  Con- 
sumption from  ulceration  of  the  bladder, —  Ul'cera 
seu  Hi-lco'sis  vesi'rcp. 

CYSTOPLAS'TIC,  Cystoplas'ticus,  from  nvrts, 
'the  bladder,'  and  izXaaau),  'I  form.'  An  epithet 
for  an  operation  for  the  cure  of  fistulous  openings 
into  the  bladder,  Cys'tojjlasfy.  (F.)  Cystoplastie ; 
sometimes  restricted  to  the  cure  by  translation 
of  skin  from  a  neighbouring  part. 

CYSTOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTOPLEG"IC,  Cystopleg" 'ten*.      Belonging 
to  paralysis   of  the    bladder;    from    kvotis,  'the 
I  bladder,'  and  n\r)aau>,  'I  strike.' 

CYSTOPLEX'IA.  Cystoparalvsis. 

CYSTOPTO'SIS,  from  ewmy,  'the  bladder.' 
and  ra-Tuv,  '  to  fall.'  Relaxation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  bladder,  which  projects  into  the 
canal  of  the  urethra. 

CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'icus,  (F.)  Cystopyinue, 
from  kvutls,  'the  bladder,'  and  tvov,  'pus.'  Re- 
lating to  suppuration  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTORRHAG"IA,i/tf/Hr»^V/n  cyst'ica.  Ha>~ 
morrhag" ' ia  vesi'ccB,  Stranguria  crnen'ta,  San'- 
guinis  fluor  vesi'ece,  from  kvotis.  '  the  bladder,' 
and  payrj,  'rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood  from 
the  vessels  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHEU'AIA,  Cyatirrheu'ma,  Rhcumn- 
tis'mus  vesi'ccB  urina'rice;  from  kvgtis,  'the  blad- 
der,' and  pivua,  l  defluxion,'  'rheumatism.'  Rheu- 
matism of  the  bladder.' 

CYSTORRHEXTS,  Cyatidorrhex'ia  ;  from  *»*- 
rig,  'bladder,'  and  'prjj-ts,  '  rupture.'  Rupture  of 
the  urinar}-  bladder. 

CYSTORRHCEA.  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOSARCCfMA,  from  Kvcng.  'a  bladder  or 
cvst."  and  sarcoma.  A  tumour  consisting  of  a 
combination  of  cvsts  and  cystoids,  so  called  by 
J.  Miiller. 

CYSTOSOMATOMTA,  Cystosomatotom'ia.  Cys- 
[|  tidosomatotom'ia,  from  Kwnj,  'the  bladder,'  auua, 


CYSTOSPASMUS 


273 


DACRYOCY3TIS 


'body.'    and    rofiri,   'incision.'     An   incision   into 
the  body  of  tiio  bladder. 
CYS  rOSPASMUS,  -  -tic. 

CYSTOSPAS'TI*  .  tV"in  KvffTn, 

'the  bladder,'  and  uthu,  "I  contract.'     Relating 
to  spasm  of  the  bladder,  and  particularly  of  its 
sphincter; —  Oyetidoepae'mue,   Spaemu*    1 
Jtchu'ria     apaemod'iea,      [h\)      Sjximne      de     la 
Veeeie. 

DOSPERMI'TIS,  (F.)  Oytoepcnm'te,  from 
Kvani,  'bladder,'  oxtppa,  'sperm.'  aad  itie,  'de- 
noting inflammation.1  Inflammation  of  the  vesi- 
.  Vs. 
CYS  1"-  rENOCHO'RIA,  CyttidoHenocho'ria, 
Strietu'ra  veei'eat,  Pett'ca  taeeafta,  A  stricture. 
narrowness,  inequality  or  saccated  condition  of 
the  urinary  blad  I 

-  rOTHROM'BOID,C^ttof*romeol'<20t,fr«m 
wens,  'the  bladder,' ami  beopfiet,  'aclofc.'  Relat- 
ing to  the  presence  of  clots  in  the  bladder. 

iTOTOME,  Cyatot'omue,  from  kvotis,  'the 

.'    and    rtfivciv,   'to   cut.'     An   instrument 

Intended   for  cutting   the   bladder.     Instruments 

of  this  kind  have  been  mure  frequently,  although 

very  improperly,  called  Lithot 

CYSTOTOMY  \.  Oyetidotom'ia,  same  etymon. 
Incision   of  the   bladder;    Sectio   veeiea'lie, 
totomia   means  cutting  into  the  bladder  for  any 
purpose;     1.)  Indtion  de  la  vesm'e.     Commonly, 
it  is  applied  to  the  puncturing  of  the  bladder  for 
the  purpose  of  removing  the  urine  ;  whilst  Litho- 
tomy has  been  employed  for  the  incisions  made 
with    the    view    of   extracting    calculi    from    the 
Lithotomy. 
fOTRACHELOTOMIA,     Cystauchenoto- 
mia.     Bee  Lithotomy. 
3,  Cystic, 
COVA'RIUM,    from    mrrts,    'a    cyst    or 
bladder:'  and  oaptov,  'ovarium.'     A  morbid  con- 
dition, which  consists  in  the  formation  of  cysts  in 
the  ovary. 

CTSTUR1TE,  Cystitis. 

1  N  I  S,  t '.  Hypocitt'ia}  Hypoeiet'ie,  Ae'arnm 
Hypoeiet'ie.  Ortf.  Cistinem.  A  small  parasitical 
plant,  which  grows  in  the  south  of  France  and  in 
its  of  the  woody  eistus.  The 
:  its  fruit  is  acid,  and  very  astringent  It 
is  obtained  by  expression,  and  converted  into  an 
extract,  which  was   called  Succus  Hypocis'tidi*, 


and  was    formerly  much  used   in    hemorrhage?, 
diarrhoea,  a  •. 

CYTISI'NA,  Oytxeine,  An  iinnv 
table  principle,  discovered  by  Chevalii 
Lassaigne,  in  the  seeds  of  Ckttieut  Laburnum  or 
Bean-Trefoil  Tree.  Ord.  Leguminoess.  Sex, 
Sy*t.  Diadelphia  Deoandria.  Cytisine  has  ana- 
logons  properties  to  emetine.  In  the  doc  of  One 
or  two  grains,  it  produces  vomiting  and  purging; 
and,  iu  a  stronger  dose,  acts  as  an  acrid  poison. 
The  seeds  of  the  Oytitue  Laburnum,  (F.)  Anboure, 
have  been  long  known  to  produce  vomiting  aud 
purging. 

OYTISMA  ECZEMA,  Eczema  — c.  Herpes, 
Herpes. 

I  [80-GENI8TA,  Spartinm  Booparium. 

CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisina— c. 
Scoparius,  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTI'TIS,  Seyti'tie,  Dermati'tie,  Dtrmi'tie, 
Ciiti'tix,  Oorii'tie,  from  kvtis,  'the  skin,'  and 
itie,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
the  skin. 

<  Y  TOBLAST,  Cystoblast,  from  mm*,  'cell.' 
and  pXaaros,  'germ.'  Cell-germ,  Nn'cleue,  (F.) 
Noyau.  A  granule,  from  which  all  animal 
and  vegetable  bodies  are  presumed  to  be 
formed.  When  the  nucleus  or  cytoblast  forms  a 
cell,  and  is  attached  to  its  walls,  the  germinal 
rrll,  thus  formed,  is  called  a  nucleated  cell. 
When  the  nucleus  contains  a  simple  granule,  the 
latter  is  termed  a  nucleolus,  (F.J  Nueleole,  Xu- 
cleolnle. 

CYTOBLASTE'MA;  (F.)  Cytoblaetime,  same 
etymon.  Intercel'lular  substance,  Wy' aline  nub- 
stance,  Substantia  vit'rea  sen  hyal'ina,  Matrix. 
The  gum  or  mucus  in  the  vegetable,  and  probably 
the  liquor  sanguinis  after  transudation  from  the 
vessels  in  the  animal,  in  a  state  fully  prepared  lor 
the  formation  of  the  tissues.  —  Schwann  and 
Bohleiden.  By  many,  Blastema  is  preferred,  in- 
asmuch as  it  does  not  convey  the  idea  of  cellular 
development. 

CYTOGENETIC,  Cytogenetics,  (F.)  Oytogt* 
nitique,  .same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  or 
belonging  to  cell  formation. 

CYTOG"ENY,  Cytogen'esis,  from  kvtos,  'cell.' 
and  ytvcaii,  'generation.'  Cell  formation,  cell 
genesis. 

CYTTAROS,  Glans. 


D. 


The  figure  of  the  Greek  A,  according  to  Galen, 
was  the  sign  for  quartan  fever. 

DAB  \«  II.  Viscum  album. 

1>  \<  AKRON",  6aKvr)f,or,  from  iaKvtiv,  'to  bite.' 
An  anci'-nt  Dame  for  a  collyrium,  eompi 
oxide  of  copper,  pepper,  caduiia,  myrrh,  Bafron, 
gum  Arabic,  and  opium. 

1>  \<  \\\  .    Dac'ryma,   Dac'ryon,  iaicpv,  taicpvua, 
6<iKpvov,  '  l  tear  :'   Hence  : 

\  DEN  a  L'GIA,  Dacryo&Unal'gia, 
from  baKpvu,  '  I  weep,'  a(.i)v,  'a  gland,'  and  aXyos, 
'pain-'  •  pain  in  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYADBNPTIS,    DaeryoUdeni'tie ;    from 
limf,   'a  gland,'  and   itie.     In- 
flammation of  the  lachrymal  -laud. 

DACRYALLOSO'SIS,  from  Saeev,  '»  tear,'  and 
aXXoiuots,  'change.'     A   morbid  condition  of  the 

18 


DACRYDION,  Convolvulus  scammonin. 

DACRYGELO'SIS,  from  <Woi>w,  «  I  weep,'  and 
ytXata,  'I  laugh.'  A  kind  of  insanity,  in  which 
the  patient  weeps  and  laughs  at  the  same  time. 

DACRYBLSMOR'RHYSIS  j  Sanguin'eoue  La- 
chrynta'fion,  from  caicpv,  'a  tear,'  and  •utj/oppvaiy, 
'hemorrhage.'     A  flow  of  bloody  tears. 

DACRYNOMA,  Epiphora. 

DACRYOADENALGIA,  Da^ryadenalgia. 

DACRY0ADENITI8,  Daeryadenitis. 

DACRYOBLENNORRHGS'A,  from  kutmm,  'I 
weep,'  fiXtiva,  '  mucus,'  and  pew,  '  1  flow.1  Dis- 
charge of  tears  mixed  with  mucus. 

DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA,  from  &»(»»,'] 

(tDffrn,  '  a  sac,'  and  uAyoy,  '  pain.'     Disease  or  pain 
in  the  lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYBJIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 


DACRYOCYSTITIS 


274 


DAPHNE 


DACRYOCYSTITIS,  from  Saicpvov,  'a  tear,' 
and  warts,  'bladder.'  Inflammation  of  the  lach- 
rymal sac. 

DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; 
from  dacvyocyatia,  the  'lachrymal  sac,'  avpiy^,  'a 
pipe,  a  fistula,'  and  Kara/cXacts,  '  a  locking  up.' 
A  term,  proposed  by  Dietfenbach  for  the  healing 
of  lachrymal  fistuloe  by  transplantation.  The 
operation  consists  in  paring  the  edges  of  the  fis- 
tula, loosening  the  borders,  and  assisting  the  re-  | 
quisite  tegumental  displacement  by  lateral  inci-  j 
sions. 

DACRYO'DES,  Lacrymo'sns,  from  8a>cpvu,  'I 
ween.'  Resembling  tears  : — hence,  Ulcus  dacry- 
o'des.     A  sanious  ulcer,  a  weeping  sore. 

DAC'RYOLITE,  Bacryol'ithus,  Dac'ryolith, 
(F.)  Daeryolithe,  from  SaKpvu>,  '  I  weep,'  and  XiOog, 
'  a  stone.'  A  concretion  found  in  the  lachrymal 
passages. 

DACRYOLITHI'ASIS;    same   etymon  as  the 
last.     The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  tears. 
DACRYO'MA.     Same  etymon.     The   effusion 
of  tears,  occasioned  by  an  occlusion  of  the  puncta 
la  cry  m  alia. — Vogel. 
DACRYON,  Tear. 

DACRYOPCE'US,  from  6a<pvw,  'I  weep,'  and 
iroiew,  '  I  make.'  A  substance  which  excites  the 
secretion  of  tears, — as  the  onion,  horse-radish, 
garlic,  &c. 

DAC'RYOPS,  from  (Sa/cpvu,  'I  weep,'  and  to^, 
'  the  eye.'  A  weeping  eye.  A  tumefaction  of 
the  laclirvmal  passages. 

DACRYOPYORRHCE'A,  Pyorrhce'a  via'rum 
lacryma'lium,  from  Suicpv,  '  a  tear,'  nvov,  '  pus,' 
and  pew,  'to  flow.'  A  discharge  of  tears  mixed 
with  purulent  matter. 

DACRYORRHCE'A,    Dacryrrhce'a,    Dacryor'- 
rhysis,  Dacryr'rhysis,  from  <5«/cp,   '  a   tear,'    and 
0£w.  'to  flow.'     A  morbid  flux  of  tears. 
DACRYORRTIYSIS,  Dacryorrboea. 
DACRYOSOLENI'TIS,  from   6aKpv,  'a  tear,'!! 
cuXriv,  '  a  canal,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  lachrymal  ducts. 
DACRYOSYRINX,  Fistula  lacrymalis. 
DACRYRRHCEA,  Dacryorrhoea. 
DACRYRRHYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea, 
DACTYLE'THRA,  Dactyli'thra, from  SaxrvXos,  || 
'a  finger.'     A  name  <riven  by  the  ancients  to  dif-  J 
ferent  topical  applications,  having  the  form  of  a 
finger,  and  proper  for  being  introduced  into  the 
throat  to  excite  vomiting. 

DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylus. 
DACTYL'ION,  DactyVium,  (F.)  Doigts palmis,  j 
Webbed  fingers,  from  daxTvXos,  'a  finger.'  The  j 
union  of  the  fingers  with  each  other.  This  af- 
fection is  generally  congenital  ;  but  it  may  be  i 
owing  to  burns,  ulcerations,  inflammation  of  the  | 
finders.  &c. 

DACTYLTOS,  from  JarruXo?,  '  a  finger.'  A| 
troeh  or  lozenge,  when  shaped  like  a  finger.  The  j 
anus. 

DACTYLITIS,  Paronychia. 
DACTYLITIS,  from  ZuktvXios,  annulns,  'a  ring.' 
D.vctyi.'ius  Aculea'tus.     A  worm  of  a  light 
colour,  annulated,  cylindrical,  but  tapering  slightly  j 
towards  both  extremities,  from  two-fifths  to  four-  i 
fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  has  been  found  in 
the  urine. 

DACTYLODOCHME.  Dochme. 
DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS,  from    SaKrvXog,     'a 
finger,'  and  ovp<pvois,   'union.'     Adhesion  of  the 
fingers  to  each  other. 

DACTYLOTHE'KE,  from  SoktvXos,  'a  finger,' 
and  Giixr),  'a  case  or  sheath.'  An  instrument  for 
keeping  the  fingers  extended  when  wounded.  — 
Ambrose  Pare. 

DACTYL  US,  Dig"itns,  <  a  finger.'  The 
smallest  measure  of  the  Greeks,  the  sixth  part 
of  a  foot.    Also,  the  Date. 


D^EDA'LEA  SUAY'EOLENS,  Boh' his  sen 
Ftingua  Sal' ids,  Boletus  disco'ideus  seu  suaveolens, 
Fungus  alius  salig' ueus,  (F.)  Agaric  odoraut,  Bolet 
odorant.  Ord.  Fungi.  A  champignon,  which 
grows  on  the  trunks  of  old  willows.  It  has  a 
smell  of  anise,  which  is  penetrating  and  agree- 
able;  and  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
pulmonalis  in  the  dose  of  a  scruple  four  times  a 
day. 

MDALUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

DiEDION,  Bougie. 

D.EMONIACUS,  Possessed. 

D^MONOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

D.ES,  Tseda, 

DAFFING.  Insanity. 

DAFFODIL,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

DAFFY'S  ELIXIR,  Tinctura  sennse  compo- 
sita. 

DAFT,  Insane. 

DAG,  Stitch. 

DAISY,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum,  Eri- 
geron  Philadelphicum  —  d.  Common,  Bellis — d. 
Ox-ejTe.  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

DALBY'S  CARMIN'ATIYE.  A  celebrated 
empirical  remedy,  much  used  as  a  carminative 
for  children.  The  following  is  a  form  for  its  pre- 
paration :  (Magnesia  alb.  ^ij  ;  ol.  menthae  piper. 
gtt.  j  ;  ol.  nuc.  moschat.  gtt.  iij  ;  ol.  auisi,  get.  iij  ; 
tinct.  castor,  gtt.  xxx ;  ti)ict.  asafcetid.  gtt.  xv; 
tinct.  opii,  gtt.  v;  sp.  pulegii,  gtt.  xv  ;  tinct.  car- 
dan), c.  gtt.  xxx;  aqucB  menthce  pip.  ^ij.  M.) 
A  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  :  — ■ 
(A(jucp.,  Ox:  Sacehar.  alb.  ^xxxij  ;  Carbon.  Po- 
tass, ^ss;  Carb.  Mag.  ijxij  ;  Tinct.  Opii.  f  ^  vj ; 
Ol.  menth.  pip.,  Ol.  Anethi  Focnicul.  aa  f^ij.   M.) 

DALCOP,  Idiot. 

DALTO'N'IAN.  An  absurd  name  given  to 
one  who  cannot  distinguish  colours :  because  the 
celebrated  chemist  Dalton  had  the  defect.  See 
Achromatopsia, 

DALTONISM,  Achromatopsia. 

DAMSON,  Prunum  Damascenum  —  d.  Moun- 
tain, Quassia  simarouba  —  d.  Tree,  Prunus  do- 
mestica. 

DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing  —  d.  St.  John's, 
see  Mania,  dancing  —  d.  St.  Yitus's,  Chorea,  see 
Mania,  dancing. 

DANCING,  Salta'tio,  (F.)  Danse.  A  kind  of 
exercise  and  amusement,  composed  of  a  succes- 
sion of  motions,  gestures,  and  attitudes,  executed 
by  measured  steps  to  the  sound  of  the  voice  or 
musical  instrument.     It  is  a  healthy  exercise. 

Dancing  Mania,  see  Mania,  dancing  —  d. 
Plague,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANDELION,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDRUFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDY,  Dengue. 

DANEYERT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
spring,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Upsal,  in  Swe- 
den. The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid,  holding 
in  solution  carbonate  of  iron,  sulphate  of  iron, 
sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  silica.     It  is  frequently  employed  in  medicine. 

DANEWORT,  Samhucus  ebulus. 

DANICH ;  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  the 
weight  of  8  grains. 

DANIEL'LIA  THURIF'ERA.  The  Frankin- 
cense Tree  of  Western  Africa,  which  furnishes  the 
product  termed  African  Frankincense. 

BAXSE,  Dancing— d.  de  St.  Guy,  Chorea— d. 
de  St.  Witt,  Chorea. 

DAOUNSETAN,  see  Urtica. 

DAPHNE,  Laurus. 

Daphne  Alpi'na,  Chamcele'a,  Chamcplce'a, 
Widow  wail.  Ord.  ThymelaeaB.  Sex.  Syst. 
Octandria  Monogynia,  A  sort  of  dwarf-olive. 
An  acrid,   volatile,   alkaline  principle   has   been 


D  A  P  II XE   BO  IS  0  E  X  TIL 


DAWLISH,    CLIMATE   OF 


separated  from  the  bark   of  this  plant  by  SI.  one  time  or  other,  for  almost  every  disease  of  the 

Vauquelin,   t<>   which    be   has    given    the   name  skin.     Bee  II 

Daphnine.     The  plants  of  the  genua  owe  their         DAS'TMA,    From    Sans,  'rough,'  'hail 

ag  property  to  this  principle.  -the  same  aa  trachoma,  but 

DAPHNJ&  BOISGENTILt  Daphne  mesereum  lees  in  degree.— A  e'tius,  Gorra 


Daphne  guidium —  d.  Garou, 
Daphne  gnidium. 

DaPHUI  GxTD'lUM,  D.  panicula'ta,    Thi/iiwla'a, 
mea,    Thy  Spurge 

The    plant    which 
furnial  »«   Bark,  (F.)   Daphni   < 

\\  is  chiefly  used,  when  used  al  all, 

-   irritation   of  the  skin.     The   Grana 

■   Cnid'ia  grana,)  are  acrid  poisona, 

like  all  the  plants   of  this  genua,  when   taken   in 

quantity.     According  to  others,  the  garou  hark 

■  ma  gnidia  are  obtained  from  the  daphne 

• 

Daphnb  Laurrola,  /).  major,  Tkymefa'a  lau- 

The  ayatematic  Dame  of  the  Spurgi  Laurel, 

'  i.     The    hark    of   this   plant   has   similar 

•  the  last. 

Daphhb  Liottardi,  D.  Iaureola — d.  Major,  D, 
laurt 

Daphnb  Mbzb'reum,  II.  Liottar'di,  Tin, 

systematic  name  of  the  ifeze'- 
um,  Spurge  olive,  (F.)  Daphne"  Boia- 
gentiU     The  hark  of  the  mezereoD,   Meze'reum, 
nlogous  propertiea  to  the   other  va- 
of  Daphne.    It  is  considered  stimulant  and 
diaphoretic;    and,  in  large  doses,  is  emetic.     It 
n    employed   in    syphilitic   cases,    but    its 
y  is  doubtful.     Soaked  in  vinegar,  —  meze'- 
■  ta'tum,  like  the  other  varieties  of  daphne, 
it  has  been  employed  to  irritate  the  skin,  espe- 
cially to  keep  issues  open. 

;    l'w  i  i\  i  \.  D.  Gnidium. 
DAPHNEL  .K'iiN.    O'letim    Lauri'num,    from 
'the  laurel  or  hay  tree/  and  cXatov,  'oil.' 

D  V  I'll  X  INK,  see  Daphne  Alpina. 
DARNEL,  Lolium  temulentum. 
DARSENI,  Laurua  cinnamomum. 
DARSINL  Laurua  cinnamomum. 
DARSIS,    from    hpu),   'I    excoriate,'  'I   skin.' 
ins  seemed   to  have  used  this 
word   to  designate   the  anatomical   preparation, 
which  consists  in  removing  the  skin  for  exposing 
:  by  it. 
DARTA,    Impetigo  —  d.    Excoriativa,    Herpes 

I.  Maligna,  Herpes  exedena. 
DART06.     Same  derivation:  Membra' nn  car- 
ta muecula'ria  sen   rubicun'da  scroti. 
T.  dartoa,  i/armt'pium  muactdo'aum  ;  from  f)u(tTo$, 
'skinned.'     A  name  given  to  the  Becond  covering 
testicle,  which  the  ancient  anatomist 
:  to  be  muacular,  but  which  is  merely  areo- 
lar.    D-  external  surface  ia  towards  the  scrotnm ; 
•mil  towards  the  tunica  vaginalis.     Fre- 
■■•  in   and    Breschet   consider,  that  it 
nsion  of  the  fibroua  cord, 
known  by  the  name  Gubernaculum  Tearit. 

DARTRE,    Herpes,  [mpetigo,  Pityriasis  —  i. 

thyma  impetigo  —  d.  Crustacie  fla- 

rigolupinosa — d.  Crouteuae,  [mpetigo 

— </.  Ben i fie une,  Psoriaais — d.  Fongueuee,   Ecthy- 

;.  /'/-   fumed    arrondie,  Lepra,  Lepra  vul- 

-d.  fa-  I'tirm-/,    vnlante,  Lichen,  Pityriasis 

H  phlyctaennides — '/. 

d.  Pvatuleuae 

tagrn,  Syco- 

H  IXthio- 

I      ma  —  if. 


DAfi  -  mae  etymon 

ticularly  of  the  tongue  and 


Paoriasia  —  d.  Pti  • .  I.  •- 


In' m  i  iif  i 

D  \RTREUX     P.),   Herpetic.     Participating 
In  the  f  Dartre  or  Herpea.     Alan,  one 

i  with   dart: 


-.  par- 
voice.     Hairine88, 
Hireu'i 

DATE,  I'n!' 'mi if. i.  Dac'tylua,  Phat'nt- 

coa,  the  fruit  of  the  Phoenix  dactylij 
ceVaa,  Palma  dactylif'era,  (V.)  ])<ittc.     The  un- 
ripe date  is  astringent     When  ripe,  it  resembles 
the  6g.     The  juice  of  the  tree  is  refrigerant 

D  ITE  PLUM,  INDIAN,  Dioapyrus  lotus. 

DATTE,  D 

DATUB  \.  D.  Stramonium. 

-  \\(;cin'i:.v,  Red  Thorn  Apple;  called 
by  the  Indians  of  Peru  Huacacachu,  Verba  da 
Huaca  [huaca,  a  grave)  or  Grave-plant,  and  Bo- 
vachevo.  Ord.  Solan  aceae.  A  plant  from  which 
the  Peruvian  Indians  prepare  a  narcotic  drink 
called  Tonga, 

J  >  a  1 1  '::\  Stramo'nh-m,  Stramo'nia,  Barycoe'- 
ealon,  Sola'num  foe'tidum,  Stramo'nium,  S.  majita 
album  sen  tpino'aum  sen  vulga'tum  Ben  foe'tidum, 
Pomnm  sen  Malum  tpino'mm,  Nux  methel,  Datu'- 
rn,  Dutro'a,  Until' ra.  Thorn  Apple,  Apple  of 
Pent,  Jdini  stoirn  Weed,  Jimaton  or  Jimpaon  Weed, 
St  in  kirn  if,  (P.)  Stramoine,  Pomme  fpinei 
dormic,  Hi  i  In  mi.,-  sorciers  ou  de  diable.  The 
leaves,  Stramo'nii  Fo'lia,  the  seeds,  Stramo'nii 
.  and  the  root,  Stramo'nii  Radix,  are  the 
parts  used  in  medicine.  They  are  narcotic  and 
poisonous;  are  given  internally  as  narcotics  and 
antispasmodics;  and  applied  externally  as  seda- 
tive-, in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  seeds  are 
smoked  like  tobacco,  in  asthma.  The  dose  of  the 
powder  is,  gr.  ,j  to  <rr.  viii. 

DA'TURINE,  Daturi'na,  Datu'ria,  Datu'rium. 
The  active  principle  of  the  Datura  Stramonium, 
separated  by  Brandes,  a  German  ehemist  It  has 
not  been  rendered  available  in  medicine. 

D  MURIUM,  Datnrine. 

D  LTYRA,  Datura  stramonium. 

DAUC1  RADIX,  Bee  Daucua  Carota. 

DAUCI'TES  VINUM.  Wine,  of  which  the 
Daucut  or  Wild  Carrot  was  an  ingredient  The 
seeds  were  Bteeped  in  must  It  was  formerly  used 
in  coughs,  convulsions,  hypochondriasis,  diseases 
of  the  uterus,  Ac. 

D  \  r<  l  s  CANDIANUS,  Athamanta  eretensia. 

DAUCUS  Caro'ta.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Cim, t  Plant;  Daucus,  I>.  eylves' 'trie  aeu  rul. 
ga'rit  sen  sati'vw,  Cauca'lie  caro'ta,  Paetina'ca 
eylreatrie  tenuifo'lia  officina'rum,  Ado'rion  ;  Or- 
der, QmbelliferaB.  (Sc.)  Mum,,,  Mirrot,  (F.) 
Carotte;  Ord.  Umbeliiferae.  The  fruit.  Carota, 
—  (Ph. TJ. 8.)  —  and  the  root,  Dauci  radix,  have 

l n  used  in  medicine.     The  root  is  sweet  and 

mucilaginous;  and  the  seeds  have  an  aromatic 
odour,  and  moderately  warm,  pungent  taste.  The 
rool  has  been  used,  aa  an  emollient,  to  fetid  and 
ill-conditioned  sores.  The  needs  have  been  re- 
garded aa  stomachic,  carminative,  and  diuretic; 
bul  tloy  have  little  efficacy.  The  seeds  of  the 
wild  plant  are,  by  some,  preferred  to  those  of  the 

Daucus  Crettcus,  Atbamanta  eretensia —  d. 

f'vanopus.    l'inipinella    magna  — d.    Sativu-,    D. 
carota  — d.   Seprinius,    Scnndix    cerefrdium  —  d. 
Bylveatria,  D   carota — d.  Vulgaris,  D.  carota. 
'  DAUPHINELLE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

D  WIDsnvs  REMEDY  FOB  CANl  I 
Conium  mnculatnm. 

DA  Yll.i:.  Dentagra. 

DAWLISH,  CLIM  \TP  OF.     A   town  in  De- 

VOnahil  d  by  phthisical  invalids  during 

the  winter.  D  is  well  protected  from  northerly 
winds,  and   also    fr<  m    the  violence  of  the   south- 


DAW  PIT 


276 


DECANTATION 


westerly  gales.     It  offers,  however,  but  a   con- 
fined space. 

DAW  PIT,  see  Fatuitas. 

I) AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dax  is  a 
city  two  leagues  from  Bordeaux,  where  there  are 
four  springs,  that  are  almost  purely  thermal; 
containing  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  chloride 
of  magnesium,  and  sulphate  of  soda  and  lime. 
Temperature  76°  to  133°  Fahrenheit. 

DAY  BLINDNESS,  Nyctalopia. 

DAYMARK,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

DAYNETTLE,  Lamium  album. 

DAYSIGHT,  Hemeralopia— d.  Vision,  Heme- 
ralopia. 

DAZZLING,  Caliga'tio,  (P.)  Eblouissement. 
A  momentary  disturbance  of  sight,  occasioned 
either  by  the  sudden  impression  of  too  powerful 
a  light,  or  bv  some  internal  cause;  as  plethora. 

DE  VENTRE  INSPICIENDO,  'of  inspect- 
ing the  belly.'  Where  there  is  reason  to  suppose 
that  a  woman  feigns  herself  pregnant,  a  writ  de 
ventre  inspiciendo  may  be  issued  to  determine 
whether  she  be  so  or  not.  Until  recently,  in 
England,  the  decision  was  left  to  twelve  matrons 
and  twelve  respectable  men,  according  to  the 
strict  terms  of  the  .ancient  writ. 

DEAD,  (Sax.)  t>eat>,  Mor'tuus,  (F.)  Mort. 
Deprived  of  life,  exanimate. 

DEADHOUSE,  Morgue. 

DEADLY,  Lethiferous,  Mortal. 

DEADMEN'S  BELLS,  Digitalis. 

DEADNETTLE,  Lamium  album. 

DEAF:  same  etymon  as  Deafness.  Surdaa, 
(P.)  Sourd,  (Sc.)  Dull.  Devoid  of  hearing.  Hard 
of  hearing. 

DEAF-DUMBNESS,  Mutitas  surdorum. 

DEAFNESS,  (Sax.  t>eaF,)  Sur'ditas,  Copho'- 
sis,  Dysecoi'a,  Dysecce'a  organ'ica,  Baryecoi'a, 
Hardness  of  hearing,  Hypocopho'  sis,  Subsur'ditas, 
Bradycoi'a,  Bradyecoi'a,  (F.)  Surdite,  Durete  de 
I'oaie,  Dysecee.  Considerable  diminution  or  total 
loss  of  hearing.  It  may  be  the  effect  of  acute  or 
chronic  inflammation  of  the  internal  ear,  paralysis 
of  the  auditory  nerve  or  its  pulpy  extremity,  or 
of  some  mechanical  obstruction  to  the  sonorous 
rays.  In  most  cases,  however,  the  cause  of  the 
deafness  is  not  appreciable,  and  the  treatment 
has  to  be  purely  empirical.  Syringing  the  ears, 
dropping  in  slightly  stimulating  oils,  fumigations, 
Ac,  are  the  most  likely  means  to  afford  relief. 

Deafmess,  Taylor's  Remedy  for,  see  Allium. 

DEALBATIO,  Dealbation,  Paleness. 

DEALBATION  (¥.),  Dealba'tio,  Bleacli'ing. 
Applied,  particularly,  to  the  whitening  of  bones 
for  anatomical  purposes. 

DEAMBULATIO,  Walking. 

DEARCH,  Nanus. 

DEARTTCULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 

DEASCIATIO,  Aposceparnismus. 

DEATH,  (Sax.  •oea»,)  (Sc.)  Dede,  Deid ;  Apo- 
bio'sis,  Abio'sis,  Extinc'tio,  Ob'itus,  Psychorag"ia, 
Psyehorrhag"ia,  Le'thum,  Letum,  Mors,  Inter'itus, 
Than'atos,  Decease,  (F.)Mort.  Definitive  cessation 
of  all  the  functions,  the  aggregate  of  which  consti- 
tute life.  Heal  Death,  Apothana'sia,  is  distin- 
guished from  asphyxia  or  apparent  death — the  lat- 
ter being  merely  a  suspension  of  those  same  func- 
tions. But  it  is  often  difficult  to  judge  of  such  sus- 
pension, and  the  only  certain  sign  of  real  death  is 
the  commencement  of  putrefaction.  At  times, 
therefore,  great  caution  is  requisite  to  avoid  mis- 
takes. Death  is  commonly  preceded  by  some 
distressing  symptoms,  which  depend  on  lesion  of 
respiration,  circulation,  or  of  the  cerebral  func- 
tions, and  which  constitute  the  agony.  That  which 
occurs  suddenly,  and  without  any,  or  with  few, 
precursory  signs,  is  called  sudden  death.  It  is 
ordinarily  caused  by  disease  of  the  heart,  apo- 
plexy, the  rupture  of  an  aneurism,  or  by  some 


iie   uraiii — npupieAy. 
the  gray  (  Paralysis  of 
;terofthe-j  pneumogastrics, 
lulla,         ( &c. 


other  organic  affection.  Death  is  natural,  (Sc.) 
Strae-death,\\hen  it  occurs  as  the  result  of  disease  : 
violent,  when  produced  by  some  forcible  agency. 
It  may  likewise  affect  the  whole  body,  or  a  part 
only;  hence  the  difference  between  somatic  and 
molecular  death. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  modes  of  death  may 
be  thus  given  : 

(  Suddenly— Syn- 
Death  beginning  at  the  heart,  -I  cope :  Gradual — 
(  Asthenia. 

"  u  in  the  lungs — Asphyxia. 

"  "  in  the  brain — Apoplexy, 

in  the  gray 

a  "  matter* 

medi 

"  "  in  the  blood  [?] — necra  aia. 

As  it  was  at  one  time  conceived,  with  Bichat, 
that  death  must  commence  in  the  heart,  lungs, 
or  brain,  these  organs  were  called  a'tiia  mortis, 
'the  halls  of  death.' 

Death,  Apparent,  Asphyxia. 

Death,  BLACK.  Pestis  nigra,  Black  Plague, 
(F.)  Peste  noire.  The  plague  of  the  14th  century 
was  so  called,  which  is  supposed  to  have  proved 
fatal  in  Europe  to  25,000,000  of  people.— Hecker. 

Death  of  Man,  Cicuta  maculata  —  d.  Stiffen- 
ing, Rigor  mortis. 

DEBILIS,  Infirm. 

DEBIL'ITANTS,  Debilitan'tia,  Antidynam'- 
ica,  Philadynam'ica,  from  debilitare,  itself  from 
debilis,  quasi  dehabilis,  'weak,'  'to  weaken.' 
Remedies  exhibited  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
excitement.  Antiphlogistics  are,  hence,  debili- 
tants. 

DEBILITAS,  Debility— d.  Erethisica,  see  Irri- 
table—  d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia,  see  Irritable 
— d.  Visus,  Asthenopia. 

DEBIL'ITYr,  Debil'itas,  Astheni'a,  Hyposthe- 
ni'a,  Blaci'a,  Anenerge'sia,  Anenergi'a,  Weak- 
ness, (F.)  Faiblesse.  A  condition,  which  may  be 
induced  by  a  number  of  causes.  It  must  not  be 
confounded  with  fatigue,  which  is  temporary, 
whilst  debility  is  generally  more  permanent. 

Debility  may  be  real,  or  it  may  be  apparent  j 
and,  in  the  management  of  disease,  it  is  important 
to  attend  to  this.  At  the  commencement  of  fever, 
for  example,  there  is  often  a  degree  of  apparent 
debility,  which  prevents  the  use  of  appropriate 
means,  and  is  the  cause  of  much  evil.  Excite- 
ment is  more  dangerous  than  debility. 

DEBOITEMENT,  Luxation. 

DEBORDEMENT  (F.),  from  deborder  (de 
and  border),  '  to  overflow.'  A  popular  term  for 
one  or  more  sudden  and  copious  evacuations  from 
the  bowels.  It  is  chiefly  applied  to  bilious  eva- 
cuations of  this  kind — Debordcment  de  Bile. 

DEBRIDEMENT  (F.),  Frmno'rum  sol n' tin, 
from  (F.)  debrider  (de  and  brider),  'to  unbridle.' 
The  removal  of  filaments,  &c,  in  a  wound  or 
abscess,  which  prevent  the  discharge  of  pus.  In 
a  more  general  acceptation,  it  means  the  cutting 
of  a  soft,  membranous,  or  aponeurotic  part,  which 
interferes  with  the  exercise  of  any  organ  what- 
ever; thus,  in  paraphimosis,  debridement  of  the 
prepuce  is  practised  to  put  an  end  to  the  inflam- 
mation of  the  glans  :  in  strangulated  hernia,  de- 
bridement of  the  abdominal  ring  is  had  recourse 
to,  to  remove  the  stricture  of  the  intestine,  &c. 

DECAGRAMME,  from  Seta,  'ten,'  and  ypnHtia, 
'a  gramme.'  The  weight  of  ten  grammes,  154.34 
grains  Troy. 

DECAM'YTRON,  from  Seko,  'ten,'  and  pvpov, 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  cataplasm,  composed  of 
malabathrum,  mastich,  enphorbium,  spikenard, 
styrax  calamita,  carbonate  of  lime,  common  pep), 
per,  unguentum  nnrdi,  opobalsannon,  and  wax. 

DECANTA'TION,  Decanta'tio,  Defu'sio,  Me- 


DECAPITATIO  ARTICULORUM    277 


DECOCTION 


Iswyitta'os,  Catoch'ueie.  A  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration, which  constats  in  pouring  off,  gently,  by 
inclining  the  vessel,  any  fluid  which  has  left  a 
deposit. 

DECAPITATIO  ARTICULORUM,  see  Resec- 
tion. 
DECAPITATION,  Decollation. 
DECARBONIZATION,  Haematosia, 
DECE  ISE,  Death. 
DECESSIO,  Bcpiesma. 

'CHARNE,  Demuseulatas. 

HAPELLEMENT.    An  old  French  term, 

employed  by  Pare"  and  others  for  the  operation 

of  sotting  and  removing,  with  a  strong  forceps, 

:   a  carious   tooth,  whore  it  is  desired 

to  preserve  the  fang. 

DECHAUSSEMENT (F.),  (de  and  chnn*»er.) 
tte  in  which  the  gums  have  fallen  away 
from  the  teeth,  as  in  those  affected  by  mercury, 
In  old   persons,  Ac      Also,  the  operation  of  lanc- 
ing tht1  gums.     See  Gum  lancet. 
DECHAUSSOFR,  Gum  lancet. 
Id-' I  II I  HEME. XT,  Laceration. 

HIRURE,  Wound,  lacerated— d.  de  VUte- 
tcrus,  rupture  of  the. 
DECIDENTIA,  Cataptosis,  Epilepsy. 
DECIDUA,  Decidua  membrana. 
Dbcid'ua    Membba'na,    Decid'ua,    Deeid'uoua 
Membrane,   from   deddere,  'to  fall   off,'  (de  and 
|     So  called  on  account  of  its  being  consi- 
dered to  he  discharged  from  the  uterus  at  partu- 
rition.    A  membrane,  formerly  denned  to  be  the 
outermost  membrane  of  the  foetus  in  utero ;  and 
Still  so  defined  by  some — as  by  Dr.  Lee.     Chaus- 
sier  calls  it  Epicho'n'on :  by  others,  it  has  been 
called  Membra'na  eadu'ca  Hnnteri,  M.  floeevAen'- 
t,i  >eu  cellulo'ea  scu  einuo'ea  sen  cowimu'nis  seu 
pretexie'tenn,  Dcddna  externa  seu  epongio'ea,  Tn'- 
ovi  seu  eadu'ca   seu  crassa,   Mem- 
■  cribro'ta  seu  ovi  mater' na  sen  maco'sa  seu 
intern' a  evolu'ta,   Epio'ni,   Plaeen'ta  uteri 
uria'tuH,  Subplacen'ta,   Nidamen'twn,  An- 
hit'tous  membrane,   (F.)  Cadnque,  C.  vraie,  Mem- 
caduque,  Epione,   Pirionej —  prior  to   the 
time  of  the  Hunters,  called  Cho'rion  tpongio'sum 
leu  t'tmi  tnto'eum  sen  fungo'eum  ?^u  reticula'tum, 
'nicajilamento'ea,  Shaggy  Chorion,  Spongy 
Chorion,   X<-.     Great  diversity   has  prevailed  re- 
garding this  membrane  and  its  reflected  portion. 
It  exists  before  the  germ  arrives  in  the  uterus — 
as  it  has  been  met  with  in  tubal  and  ovarial  preg- 
nancies: and  is  occasioned  by  a  new  action,  a's- 
;    '  y  the  uterine  vi — la  at  the  moment  of 
conception.     Chaussier,  Lobstein,  Gardfen,  Vel- 
nl  others,  consider  it  to  be  a  sac,  without 
mpletely  lining  the  uterus,  and  that 
when  the  ovum  descends  through   the  tube,  it 
•  the  decidua  before  it,  and  becomes  enve- 
•   at   the  part   destined   to  form 
the   placenta.     That   portion  of  the    membrane 
which   covers   the   ovum,  forms  the   Membra' na 
dcdd'i  .    i  V. )    Cadnque  rifltchie,   M<  m- 

eaduque  riflichie,  according  to  them  —  the 
part  lining  the  uterus  being  the  Decidua  Vteri, 
He.     To^«  arda  the  end  of  the 
f  urth  month,  the  decidua  reflexa disappears.    The 
very  n  a  Tunica  decidua   reflexa  has, 

however,  been  denied.     This  last  membrane  has 
1  various  name.;.     ])r.  Granville,  regard- 
external  membrane  of  the  ovum,  has 
i  it  Cortex  <>ri.     It  has  also  been  termed 
[uvolu'crum     membra  na'ceum,     Membra'na    reti- 
form'it  cho'rii  ><u   filamento'ta  seu  adventit"ia 
Ovuline  and  Decid'ua  protru'ea.     To 
the  membrane  which,  according  to  Bojanuc  and 

others,   la   situate   between    the   placenta   and   the 

,  and  which  he  considers  to  be  produced 


at  a  later  period  than  the  decidua  vera,  be  gav* 
the  name  membra'na  decid'ua  iero'tina. 

Histological  researches  seem  to  show,  that  the 
decidua    is    an    altered    condition    of    the    lining 

membrane  of  the  uterus,  with  a  whitish  secretion 

lillinjr  the  uterine  tubular  glan  !-.  The  decidua 
reflexa  is  probably  formed   by  I  •:'  nu- 

cleated cells  from  the  plastic  materia!-  thrown  out 
from  the  decidua  uteri:  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  chorion  is  formed  in  the  Fallopian  Tube  from 
plastic  materials  thrown  out  from  its  lining  mem- 
brane. That  the  decidua  rcilexa  is  not  a  mere 
inverted  portion  of  the  decidua  uteri  la  shown 
by  the  fact,  that  the  texture  of  the  two  is  by  no 
means  identical. 

DbCIDDA  PaOTRUSA,  Decidua  reflexa. 

DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE,  Decidua  (mem- 
brana). 

DECIGRAMME,  Decigrani'ma,  from  decimus, 
'the  tenth  part,'  and  ypa/j/ia,  'gramme.'  The 
tenth  part  of  the  gramme  in  weight;  equal  to  a 
little  less  than  two  grains,  French  ;  1.543  Troy. 

DECIMA'NA  FE15HIS,  from  decern,  Men.' 
An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  return  every 
10th  day  or  every  9  days.     It  is  supposititious. 

DECLAMA'TION,  Dedama'tio,  from  de,  and 
clamare,  damatnm.  'to  cry  out.'  The  art  of  de- 
picting the  sentiments  by  inflections  of  the  voice, 
accompanied  with  gestures,  which  render  the 
meaning  of  the  speaker  more  evident,  and  infuse 
into  the  minds  of  the  auditors  the  emotions  with 
which  he  is  impressed.  Declamation  may  become 
the  cause  of  disease  :  the  modification,  produced 
in  the  pulmonary  circulation.  —  accompanied  by 
the  great  excitement,  sometimes  experienced, — is 
the  cause  of  many  morbid  affections  :  particularly 
of  pneumonia,  haemoptysis,  and  apoplexy.  In 
moderation,  it  gives  a  healthy  excitement  to  the 
frame. 

DECLTN,  Decline. 

DECLINATIO,  Decline. 

DECLINE,  Dedina'tin,  Inclina'tio,  Deere- 
men' turn,  Remin'vio,  Parae'me,  Parac'maeie,  (F.) 
Diclin,  from  de,  and  clinare,  'to  bend.'  That 
period  of  a  disorder  or  paroxysm,  at  which  the 
symptoms  begin  to  abate  in  violence.  We  speak, 
also,  of  the  decline  of  life,  or  of  the  powers,  (F.) 
Diclin  de  Vage,  L'age  de  diclin,  when  the  phy- 
sical and  moral  faculties  lose  a  little  of  their  ac- 
tivity and  energjT.     See  Phthisis,  and  Tabes. 

DECLIVE,  (F.)  Dedi'vis,  from  de,  '  from,'  and 
dints,  'acclivity.'  Inclining  downwards.  This 
epithet  is  applied  to  the  most  depending  part  of  a 
tumour  or  abscess. 

DECOCTE,  Decoction. 

DECOCTION,  Decoc'tio,  from  demqucre.  Mo 
boil,'  (de  and  coquere,  eoctum,)  Epee'ete,  .1, 
Ze%\«,  Hepne'sis,  Apheptie,  (F.)  Dicoction.  The 
operation  of  boiling  certain  ingredients  in  a  fluid, 
for  the  purpose  of  extracting  the  parts  Soluble  at 
that  temperature.  Decoction,  likewise,  means 
the  product  of  this  operation,  to  which  the  terms 
Deooctum,  Zema,  Aphepae'ma,  Ap'otteai,  Apoz'emat 
Hepee'ma,  Chylun  and  Epee'ma,  i  P.)  Dicocti,  Hy- 
drate, Hydrolite,  have  been  applied  according  to 
ancient  custom,  in  order  to  avoid  any  confusion 
between  the  operation  and  its  product  :— as  pra- 
paratio  is  used  for  the  act  of  preparing j  prccpa- 
ratnm,  for  the  thing  prepared. 

Dbcootiom  of  Ai.oi-s,  Compound,  Decoctum 
aloes  compositum  —  d.  of  Dark,  Decoctum  Cin- 
chona— d.  of  lbirk,  pale,  see  Decoctum  Cinchona 
—  d.  of  Dark,  red,  sec  Decoctum  Cinchona  —  d. 
of  Bark,  yellow,  see   Decoctum    Cinchona — d.  of 

Barley,  Decoctum  bordei  —  d.  of  Barley,  com- 
pound, Decoctum  hordei  compositum — d.  Hitter, 
Decoctum  amarum — d.  of  Broom,  Decoctum  boo- 

parii  —  d.  of  Broom,  compound,  Decoctum  sco- 


DECOCTUM 


27  3 


DECOCTUM 


parii  compositum — d.  of  Cabbage  tree  bark,  De- 
coetii'.n  geoffrese  inermis — d.  of  Cassia,  Decoctuin 
cassia? —  d.  of  Chamomile,  Decoctum  antheuiidis 
nobilis — d.  of  Cinchona,  Decoctuin  Cinchona? — d. 
of  Cinchona,  compound  laxative,  Decoctum  kina? 
kina?  compositum  et  laxans — d.  of  Colomba,  com- 
pound, Decoctum  Colomba?  compositum  —  d.  of 
Dandelion,  Decoctum  Tarazaoi — d.  of  Dogwood, 
Decoctum  Cornus  Florida? — d.  of  Elm  bark,  De- 
coctum ulmi — d.  of  Flaxseed,  compound,  Decoc- 
tum Lini  compositum — d.  of  Foxglove,  Decoctum 
digitalis  —  d.  de  Gayac  composee,  &c,  Decoctum 
de  Guyaco  compositum  —  d.  of  Guaiacum,  com- 
pound, Decoctum  Guaiaci  compositum — d.  of 
Guaiacum,  compound  purgative,  Decoctum  de 
Guayaco  compositum  —  d.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt, 
Mistura  cornu  usti  —  d.  of  Hellebore,  white,  De- 
coctum veratri  —  d.  of  Iceland  moss,  Decoctum 
eetraria? — d.  of  Logwood,  Decoctum  haeniatoxyli 
— d.  of  Marsh  mallows,  Decoctum  althaea? — d.  de 
Mauve  composee,  Decoctum  inalva?  cempositum — 
d.  of  Oak  bark,  Decoctum  quercus  —  d.  d'Orge, 
Decoctum  hordei — d.  d'Orge  composee,  Decoctum 
hordei  compositum — -d.  of  Pareira  Brava,  Decoc- 
tum Pareira? —  d.  of  Pipsissewa,  Decoctum  chi- 
niaphila? — d.  of  Poppy,  Decoctum  papaveris — d. 
of  Quince  seeds,  Decoctum  cydonia? — d.  de  Quiu- 
cjuitia  composee  et  laxative,  Decoctum  kina?  kina? 
compositum  et  laxans  —  d.  de  Salsepareille  com- 
posee, Decoctum  sarsaparilla?  compositum — d.  of 
Sarsaparilla,  Decoctum  sarsaparilla?  —  d.  of  Sar- 
saparilla, compound,  Decoctum  sarsaparilla?  com- 
positum— d.  of  Sarsaparilla,  false,  Decoctum  ara- 
lia?  nudicaulis — d.  of  Squill,  Decoctum  scilla? — d. 
of  Tormentil,  Decoctum  Tormentilla? — d.  of  Uva 
nrsi,  Decoctum  uva?  ursi  —  d.  of  the  Woods,  De- 
coctum Guaiaci  compositum — d.  of  Woody  night- 
shade, Decoctum  dulcamara?  —  d.  of  Zittmann, 
Decoctum  Zittmanni. 

DECOCTUM,  Decoction  — d.  Album,  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Al'oes  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
Aloes,  Balsam  of  Life,  Compound  Decoction  of 
Aloes.  (Ext.  glyc.  £vij,  potass,  earb.  gj,  aloes, 
rnyrrha  contrit. :  croci  aa  3'^'  aqua  Oiss  (Imp. 
mens.).  Boil  to  Oj  :  strain,  and  add  tinct.  card. 
c.  ^>vij.  Pharm.  L.)  The  gum  and  extractive  are 
dissolved  in  this  preparation.  The  alkali  is  added 
to  take  up  a  little  of  the  resin.  The  tincture  pre- 
vents it  from  spoiling.  It  is  gently  cathartic. 
Dose,  f^ss  to  3ij. 

Decoctum  Althjs'.e,  Mistura  Altha'a,  D. 
althaa  officina'lis:  Decoction  or  Mixture  of 
Marsh-mallows,  (F. )  Decoction  de  Guimauve. 
\  (Rod.  aitli(B(B  sice.  ^iv.  uvar.  passar.  5'ij,  aqua, 

Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.  Pour  off  the  clear  liquor. 
Pharm.  E.)     It  is  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Decoctum  Am  a' rum  j  Bitter  Decoction.  (Rad. 
gent.  ^j>  aqua  Oijss.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour ;  add  species  amarcB  £ij.  Infuse  for  two 
hours  and  filter,  without  expressing.  Pharm.  P.) 
It  is  tonic.     Dose,  f,^ss  to  J|ij. 

Decoctum  Amyli,  Mucilago  amyli. 

Decoctum  Anthem'idis  Nob'ilis,  D.  Chama- 
me'H  ;  Decoction  of  Cham'omile.  (Flor.  anthe- 
mid.  nobil.  Jfj,  sent,  carui  ,^iv,  aqua  Ov.  Boil 
for  fifteen  minutes  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It 
contains  bitter  extractive  and  essential  oil,  dis- 
solved in  water.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
vehicle  for  tonic  powders,  pills,  &c,  and  in  fo- 
mentations and  glysters ;  but  for  the  last  pur- 
pose, warm  water  is  equally  efficacious.  The 
Dublin  college  has  a  compound  decoction. 

Decoctum  Ara'lije  Nudicau'lis;  Decoction 
of  False  SarsaparilV a.  (Aralia  nudicaul.  ^vj, 
aqua  Oviij.  Digest  for  four  hours,  and  then  boil 
to  four  pints  :  press  out  and  strain  the  ^ecoction. 
Former  Ph.  U.  S.)      It  is  used  as  a  stomachic, 


but   it   .8   an   unnecessary  and  laborious  prepa- 
ration. 

Decoctum  Cas'si.-e  ;  Decoction  of  Cassia.  (Cns- 
|:  sia  pulp,  ^ij,  aqua  Oij.     Boil  for  a  few  minutes, 
filter  without  expression,  and  add  syrup,  violar. 
j   ,^j,  or  manna  pur.   j|ij.      Pharm.  P.)     It  is  lax- 
ative, in  the  dose  of  £vj. 

Decoctum  Cetra'ri.e,  Decoctuin  Liche'nis  Is- 
land'ici,  Decoction  of  Iceland  Moss.  (Cetrar.  ,^ss, 
I  aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain  with  com- 
pression. Ph.  U.  S.)  It  consists  of  bitter  ex- 
tractive and  fecula,  dissolved  in  water,  and  its 
operation  is  tonic  and  demulcent.  Dose,  f^j  to 
§iv.  It  is  also  nutrient,  but  hardly  worthy  of 
the  rank  of  an  officinal  preparation. 

Decoctum  Chamjbmbli,  Decoctum  antheuiidis 
nbbilis. 

DECOCTUM  ChIMAPH'iLjE,  Decoction  of  P.'psis'- 
seica.  (Chimaph.  con  tus.  ^j,  aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to 
a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  A  pint  may 
be  given  in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Decoctum  Cixcho'n.u,  D.  Cor'ticis  Cinchona 
seu  K'oia  Kina,  Decoction  of  Cinchona  or  of 
Bark.  (Cinchon.  cort.  contus.  ^j,  aqua  Oj.  Boil 
for  ten  minutes,  in  a  slightly-covered  vessel,  and 
strain  while  hot.  It  contains  quinia  and  resinous 
extractive,  dissolved  in  water.  Long  coction  oxy- 
genates and  precipitates  the  extractive.  It  can 
be  given,  where  the  powder  does  not  sit  easy, 
&c.     Dose,  f5J  to  3iv. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
Decoctum  Cinchona  fiava,  Decoction  of  yellow 
bark,  and  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  rubra.  Decoction 
of  red  bark,  both  of  which  are  prepared  as  above. 
The  London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Colleges 
have  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  pallida,  Decoction  of 
Pale  Bark. 

Decoctum  Colom'b.e  Compos'itum:  Compound 
|j  Decoction  of  Colomba.  (Colomb.  contus.,  quassia, 
aa  ^ij,  cort.  aurant.  Zj,  rhej  pulv.  ^j,  potausa 
carbonat.  3»ss,  aqua  ^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and 
add  tinct.  lavand.  f^ss.  Former  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Given  as  a  tonic,  but  not  worthy  an  officinal 
station. 

Decoctum  Commune  pro  Clystere,  D.  rualva? 
compositum  —  d.  Cornu  cervini,  Mistura  cornu 
usti. 

Decoctum  Cornus  Flor'idje,  Decoction  of 
Dogwood.  (Cornus  Florid,  cont.  3J,  aqua  Oj. 
Boil  for  ten  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel,  and 
strain  while  hot.     Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  Cydo'nke,  Jfucila'go  Sem'inia  Cy- 
do'nii  Mali  seu  Sem'inum  Cydouio'rum  ;  Decoc 
tion  or  Mufcilage  of  Quince  seeds.  (Cydonia 
sein.  gij,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes  over  a 
gentle  tire,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  merely 
a  solution  of  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  used  as  a 
l  demulcent. 

Decoctum  Daphnes  Meze'rei,  Decoctum  M~°- 
ze'rei,  Decoction  of  Meze'reon.  (Mezerei,  Q\, 
glycyrrh.  cont.  ^j,  aqua  Oij.  Boil  over  a  gentle 
fire  to  Oiss,  and  strain.  Ph.  E.)  The  acrimony 
of  the  mezereon  and  the  saccharine  mucilage  of 
the  liquorice  root  are  imparted  to  the  water.  It 
is  somewhat  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in 
j  secondary  syphilis ;  but  is  devoid  of  power. 
Dose,  f  Jiij  to  5VJ. 

Decoctum  Diaphoreticum,  D.  Guaiaci  compo- 
situm— d.  pro  Euemate,  D.  malva?  compositum. 

Decoctum  Digita'lis,  Decoction  of  Fox-glove. 
(Fol.  digit,  sice,  gj,  aqua  q.  s.  lit  colentur  f^viij. 
Let  the  liquor  begin  to  boil  over  a  slow  fire,  and 
then  remove  it.  Digest  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  D.)  It  possesses  the  properties 
of  the  plant.     Dose,  f^ij  to  giij. 

Decoctum  Dulcama'r^e,  Decoction  of  Woody 
Nightshade.  (Dulcamara  cont.  ^j,  aqua  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  This  de- 
coction has  been  considered  diuretic  and  diapho- 


DECOCTUM 


270 


DECOCTUM 


retie.  and  has  been  administered  extensively  in 
skin  diseases.     It  is  probablj  devoid  of  efficacy. 
-    >.  1>.  papa  • 
Tim    Gzorm&'ja    [xerm'is;    Decoction 

'.   i in- r mix,  in 
,  .  Aqua    iJ  }.      1!  >;l    over  a    Blow    lire   to  a 
pint,  and  strain.     Pkarm. 
anthelmintic,  purgative,  an. I  narcotic  properties, 

is   been   chiefly  need   for  the   first   0 
purpose!  to    children,    t'^ij  —  to    adults, 

• 

s'n  im.  /'.  Gnaiaci 
<  ii   >mpo«'itum    seu     Ligno'rum     - 

',  ta'itum  sen  audonyicnm  seu  diapho- 

i pound  decoction  of  Guainci 

juaiac.  rasur.  giij, 

ill*    rini/ir.    ~  j,    ;•-•,/.   Inn,;.   - 
•  ''"''•  !l^lr.'l ''''"•  **  oJ-  "7'"f  Ox.      Boil  'he 
Ouaiacum    and    raisins   over  a   Blow  tire  t->  Ov: 
towards  the  end.   then    strain. 
.  K.  i      It  is  ■   stimulant  proper- 

is  been  given  in  syphilitic,  cutaneous, 
and    rheumatic    affections.      The   resin    of    the 
mi  is.  however,  insoluble  in  water,  so  that 
•  >d  in  it  cannot  I  to  pos- 

ich,  it*  any,  effect     The   Parisian    Codex 

TIM    DB    GuYACO    COMPOS'lTUM    ET  Pl'R- 
'oction  de  Gayac  Compoeie  <>  Pur- 
pound  purgative  Decoction  of  Guai'- 

aciint.     (Li'ju.  guaiac*  rasp.,  rail,  tartap.  ai  t^j. 

_'r.  xxv.     Macerate  for  twelve 

hour-,  agitating  occasionally,  in  icater  Oiv,  until 

there  remain  Oiij.     Then  infuse  in  it  f<>l.  seuno? 

5'.b  rfu'J  5J«  l">"-  * ',s* "/"''•'  u'.'lr.'/''rl>-  ■'""'■  "l~l  o'.i> 
•  5J.     Strain  gently,  suffer  it  to  settle. 

Mid  pour  off  the  clear  supernatant  Honor.  The 
itle  sufficiently  indicates  the  properties  of  the 
jam  position. 

run    Hjematox'tli,  Decoction  of  Log. 
\  atojcvL  rasur.  §j,  aqua  Oij.    Boil 

to  a  pint,  and  strain.     Pharm. 

run  Hbllebori  Albi,  D.  veratri. 

Hor'oei,    Decoctum    Hordei   Ditf- 

tichi.    Pi  it' ana    Hippocrat!ica,     Tipea'ria,     Tap- 

.     Uydrocri'the,    Barley 

R  -     of    Barley,      Y.      Dicoction 

■it    Commune.       (Hord.    ^ij,    Aqua? 

'  Wash    the    barley    well,  boil    for    a    few 

minutes   in   v  •■    "--:    -train   this,   am)   throw   it 

ind   add   the   remainder,   boiling.      Boil  to 

Oij,  and  strain.      Pharm.  L.)      It  is  nutritive  and 

d  nt.  and  is  chiefly  used  as  a  common  drink, 

ami  in  glysl 

•  HORDE!     COMPOS'lTUM,     Decoctum 
i'U,  Miatu'ra  Hor'aU  i,  Ptii'ann  eommu'nit  j 

'  I         ■■■a   of  Barley,   (F.)    Dicoction 

1 1-  coct.    li  in/.    Oij,    carica 

trrh.  ni'L  concis.  et.  con- 

,    j,  iiritriim  //'I**,  demptis  acinis.  3  i j 

Oj.     Boil  to  Oij,  and  .-train.     Pharm.  L.) 

to  the  last 

Kin.e    Kink.  I).  Cinchona-'. 

Kink    K'is  j:   COMPOS'lTUM  et  K\\- 

•  1  1/'  quinquina  com  pot  ft   it  '<■■ 

'  u'^lns'iitiii  decoction  of  Cinchona.    (Cort. 

Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 

hour,  rem  >ve  it  from  the  tire:  then  infuse  in  it. 

f  an    hour,  fol.  -■  itlph.  iia  Tij  : 

6   t  ^j.)     Its  tit! 

im  Ce- 
'l.  Lignorum,  I).  Guainci  compositnm. 

Lini  ^j,  Glycyrrhiu.  eon- 


,  <<</>i(p 
It  has 


iil    for   ten    minir 
/     .    /'. 

j'lTUM,      /' 

Pro  <-  ■  .  commu'ni  pro  clntWrk  ;  Oom- 


j.'-iui'l  Bemetion  of  Mallow,  (F.)   Decoction  d* 

Maine  oompooie.     [Malta   etemiec.  31,  authemid. 

<p  Oj.    Boil  for  fifteen  minutes 

and  strain.)      It  consists  of  bitter  extract  :■. 

mooilage  in  water,  and  is  chiefly  used  for 

and  fomentations.     It  is  unworthy  a  place  in  the 

pharmarop. 

DECOCTUM  Mbzbrei,  D.  daphnes  mezerei. 

rUM     Papav'bris,     Deooc'ltiM    pro    Fu- 

iii'ii'/u,    J-'otitx    ciiniiiiii' nis  ;     Decoction    "/     /'"/'/';■ 

{/'"/Kir.  tomnif.  oapeuL  concin.  ^iv,  m/no?  Ui\. 
Boil  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  strain.  Pharm.  /..■ 
It  contains  the  narcotic  principle  of  the  poppy, 
and  mucilage  in  water:  is  anodyne  and 
lient.  and  employed  as  such  in  fomentation,  in 
painful  swellings,  ulcers,  Ate. 

Dbooci  1  n    Pakei'h  1  .    /'■  roeftoa   -;/'  /' 

{Pareir.   bran.    Jx,    Aq.   deetillat    <)i--, 

;  Ijup.  ineas.)      Boil   to  a  pint  and  strain.      Dose, 

*.5.i  tu  o'.i- 

DbcoctdH  PKrTon.M.K.  I),  hordei  compositnm 
— 'i.  Polygalss  Sen 

Dbooctum    Qikhc  rs   Albjc,  D.  Quercitt  I: 
Decoction  of  White  U"k  Bark.     [Q 
cort.  J£j,  aqua  Oiss.      Boil   to  a  pint,  and   strain. 
Pharm,   U.  S.)     It  is  astringent,  and    1. 
such,  in  injections,  in  leucorrheea,  uterine  hemor- 
rhage, Ac,  as  well  as  in 'the  form  of  fomentation 
to  unhealthy  ulcers. 

Decoctum  Sarbjb,  Decoctum  Barsaparillsa. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparii/lje,  1>.  Smi'lat 
§aparillat,   I).    Sana,    D.   Sareatj     Decoction   of 
SareapariUa,     (Sareaparill.  rml.  concis.  SEv,  aq. 
fervent.    Oiv.  (Imp.  meas.)     Macerate     for    four 
hours  near  the  fire,  in  a  lightly-covered  . 
then   bruise   the  root:    macerate    again    for   two 
hours:  then  boil  to  Oij.  and  strain."  Pharm.  L.) 
It   contains    bitter    extractive,    and   mucilage   in 
water:  is  demulcent,  and  has  been  used,  although 
it  is   doubtful  with  what  efficacy,  in   the  E 
of  syphilis.     Dose,  f.^iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Sarbaparili^m  Compos'itum;  Cb»#. 
pound  Decoction  of  Sareaparil'la,  i  F. )  Dicoction 
ipoeie.  (Sareaparill.  concis, 
et  contus  3VJ,  Sauafr.  Cort.  concis..  Lion.  Guaiae. 
ra.-ur..  Rad.  Glycyrrhiz.  contus.,  aa  ^j.  M 
concis.  ^iij,  Aqum  Oiv.  Boil  fifteen  minu I 
strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  This  is  considered  to  be 
1  of  analogous  properties  to  the  celebrated 
Lishmi  Diet-Drink,  Decoe'tumLueitan'ieum,  which 
it  resembles  in  composition. 

DECOCTUM  Barxjb,  Decoctum  Sarsaparilla1. 

Decoctum  Bcill«;  Decoction  of  Squill, 
tef&ih  juniper.  3Eiv,    Senegas,  .^iij.   Aqua  Oiv. 
Boil  till  one  half  the  liquor  is  consumed;  strain, 
and   add   spirit  of  nitron*  ether,  f^iv.     Former 

Pharm.    U.  &)       Do-,  .   fg8g, 

Decoctum     Scopa'rii,    Decoction    of 
(Scopar.  ezsiceat  5gs,  (avoirdupois) j  Aqua  <>--. 
(Imp.  meas.)     Boil  for   ten  minutes  and  strain. 
—  Ph.  I).) 

•  pum  Scopa'rii  Compos'itum,  /     - 

(l'h.  K.i,   Compound  Decoction  of  Broi 

Junip.  cont..  Taraxac.  COnt,  aa  ^W  :  Aq.  ■'<■  Htillat. 

Foil  to  a  pint,  ami 
Ph.  L.)     Dose,  half  a  jiint  to  a  pint,  in  th 
as  a  diuretic,  in  dropsy. 

I m  v  Bj  n'i  <■  K,D. Polyg'alat Senega ;  De- 
eociion ,,,t.  31.  aqi 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.      /'//.  f.  S.)     It  i^  reputi   1 
to  be  diuretic,  purgative,  ami   stimulant,  and  blifl 

given  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  a  ■•. 

■   11  m    .-Mm   \,  118  S  IR8  kPARII  1    !  .   I'. 

parilhi'— d.  Budorificum,  D.  Guaiaci  comporitum. 
Decoctum  Tab  »x'a<  r,  !>■■■  ■  lion  of  Da  ■:> /;■<,„. 
[  Taraxac  contus.  Jfiv,  aqua  Oiss,     (Imp. 
Foil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.     ]'),.  L.)      I'    i  ■   •  -,  ... 

OTTM    Tormbhttl'ljb,    Decoction   of    Tar. 
mciitil.    (Ton/until.  conL^ij,  Aqua  deetiUat, 


DECOLLATION 


280 


DEFENSIVUM 


(Imp.  meas.)     Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.     Dose, 
as  an  astringent,  one  or  two  fluid  ounces. 

Decoctum  Ulmi,  D.  Ulmi  Campes'tris,  Decoc- 
tion of  Elm  Bark.  (  Ulmi  cart,  recent,  cent.  5USS> 
nonce  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.)  Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain. 
I'ii.  L.)  It  is  a  reputed  diuretic,  and  has  been 
used  in  lepra  and  herpes  ;  but,  probably,  has  no 
efficacy.     Dose,  f]|iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Uv.e  Ursi,  Decoction  of  uva  ursi. 
(Ucce  ursi,  5J,  aquee,  ft^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint  and 
strain.      Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  Vera'tri,  Decoctum  Helleb'ori  albi; 
Decoction  of  White  Hel'lebore.  (  Veratri  rad. 
cunt,  Jijj,  aqua  Oij,  spir.  rec.  f,:§ij.  Boil  the 
watery  decoction  to  Oj,  and,  when  it  is  cold,  add 
tiie  spirit.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  stimulant,  acrid, 
and  cathartic;  but  is  used  only  externally.  It 
is  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  capitis,  jisora,  &c. 
Should  it  excite  intense  pain  on  being  applied,  it 
must  be  diluted. 

Decoctum  Zittman'ni,  Zitt'mann's  Decoction. 
A  most  absurd  farrago,  extolled  by  Theden  in 
venereal  diseases,  the  formula  for  which,  accord- 
ing to  Jourdan,  "  some  blockheads  have  lately 
reproduced  among  us  as  a  novelty."  It  is  com- 
posed of  sarsaparilla,  pulvis  stypticus,  calomel 
and  cinnabar,  boiled  in  icaier  with  aniseed,  fennel 
seed,  and  liquorice  root.  A  stronger  and  a  weaker 
decoction  were  directed  by  Zittmann.  Formulae 
for  its  preparation  are  contained  in  Jourdan's 
Pharmacopoeia  Universalis;  and  in  Lincke's  Voll- 
Bt'andiges  Recept-Taschenbuch.     Leipz.,  1841. 

DECOLLATION,  Decapita'tion,  Decapita'tio, 
Obtrunca'tio,  from  de  and  collum,  '  the  neck.' 
The  act  of  separating  the  head  from  the  trunk, 
by  the  section  of  the  neck,  as  in  cases  of -dystocia. 

DECOLLEMENT,  (F.)  Deglutina'tio,  (from 
de  and  coller,  'to  glue.')  The  state  of  an  organ 
that  is  separated  from  the  surrounding  parts, 
owing  to  destruction  of  the  areolar  membrane 
which  united  them.  The  skin  is  decollee,  i.  e. 
separated  from  the  subjacent  parts,  by  a  burn, 
subcutaneous  abscess,  &e. 

DECOLLEMENT  DU  PLACENTA  is  the 
separation  or  detachment  of  the  whole  or  a  part 
of  the  placenta  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  ute- 
rus. Decollement,  from  de,  'from,'  and  collum, 
'  the  neck,'  obtrunca'tio,  also  means  the  separa- 
tion of  the  head  of  the  foetus  from  the  trunk,  the 
Litter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DECOLORA'TION,  Decolora'tio,  Discolora'- 
tin,  from  de,  '  from/  and  colorare,  coloration,  '  to 
colour.'  Loss  of  the  natural  colour;  Parachro'sis. 
Devoid  of  colour — Achroma'sia. 

In  Pharmacy,  any  process  by  which  liquids,  or 
solids  in  solution,  are  deprived  wholly  or  in  part 
of  their  colour, — as  by  bringing  them  in  contact 
with  animal  charcoal. 

DECOMPOSEE  (F.),  from  de,  'from,'  and 
emponere,  composition,  '  to  compose.'  Decom- 
posed, Dissolu'tus.  An  epithet,  applied  to  the 
face  when  extensively  changed  in  its  expression 
and  colour;  as  in  the  choleric  or  moribund. 

DECORTICATION,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
cortex,  corticis,  '  bark/  An  operation,  which 
consists  in  separating  the  bark  from  roots, 
stalks,  &c. 

DECOS'TIS,   Apleu'ros,   from    de,  priv.,  and 
casta,  'a  rib.'     One  who  has  no  ribs. 
DECREMENTUM,  Decline. 
DECREPIT,  see  Decrepitude. 
T>ECRE?'IT\JDE,Decrepitu'do,^Etasdecrep'i- 
ta,  Ul'tima  senec'tus,  Senec'ta  decrep'ita  seu  ex- 
ire'ma    seu   summa    seu   ul'tima,  from  decrepitus, 
(i/e,  and  crepere,  crepitum,  '  to  creak,')  'very  old.' 
The  last  period  of  old  age,  and  of  human  life  ; 
which  ordinarily  occurs  about  the  eightieth  year. 
It  may,  however,  be  accelerated  or  protracted. 


Its  character  consists  in  the    progressive  series 
of  phenomena  which  announce  the  approaching 
extinction  of  life.     One  in  this  stage  of  existence 
is  said  to  be  decrep'it,  decrep 'iKus,  (F.)  decrepit. 
DECRETORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

DECU'BITUS,  from  decumbere,  {de,  and  cu- 
bere,  cubitum,  'to  lie,')  'to  lie  down.'  Cuba'tio. 
Lying  down.  Assuming  the  horizontal  posture, 
cu'bitus  supi'nus ;  (F.)  Coucher.  J  ford  decubitus, 
'  at  bed  time.'  The  French  say — Decubitus  hori- 
zontal, sur  le  dos,  sur  le  cote,  for,  lying  in  the 
horizontal  posture,  on  the  back  or  side. 

DECURTA'TUS,  utiovpos,  or  uuovfn&v,  from 
de,  and  curtus,  'short,'  'shortened,  curtailed,' 
'running  to  a  point.'  When  applied  to  the  pulse, 
it  signifies  a  progressive  diminution  in  the  strength 
of  the  arterial  pulsations,  which,  at  last,  cease. 
If  the  pulsations  return  and  gradually  acquire  all 
their  strength,  it  is  called  Pulsus  decurta'tus  re- 
cip'rocus. — Galen. 

DECUSSATIO,  Decussation  — d.  Pyramidum, 
see  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

DECUSSATION,  Dccnssa'tio,  Chias'mos,  In- 
crucia'tio,  Intersec'tio,  Intricatn'ra,  from  decussis, 
that  is,  decern  asses  ;  also,  the  figure  of  the  letter 
X.  Union  in  the  shape  of  an  X  or  cross.  Ana- 
tomists use  this  term  vchiefly  in  the  case  of  the 
nerves  —  as  the  decussation  of  the.  optic  nerves, 
which  cross  each  other  within  the  cranium. 

Decussation  op  the  Pyramids,  see  Corpora 
pyramidalia. 

DECUSSO'RIUM,from  decutio,  decussnm,  (de, 
and  quatio,)  'I  shake  down,'  (F.)  Decussoire. 
An  instrument  used  by  the  ancients,  for  depress- 
ing the  dura  mater,  and  facilitating  the  exit  of 
substances  effused  on  or  under  that  membrane. 
It  is  described  by  Scultetus,  Pare,  &c.  See 
Meningophylax. 

DEDAIGNEUX,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

DEDE,  Death. 

DEDENTITION,  see  Dentition. 

DEDOLA'TION,  Dedola'tio,  from  dedolare,(de, 
and  dolare,  dolatum,)  'to  cut  and  hew  with  an 
axe.'  This  word  has  been  used  by  surgeons  to 
express  the  action  by  which  a  cutting  instrument 
divides  obliquely  any  part  of  the  body,  and  pro- 
duces a  wound  with  loss  of  substance.  It  is  com- 
monly on  the  head,  that  wounds  by  dedolation 
are  observed.  When  there  was  a  complete  sepa- 
ration of  a  portion  of  the  bone  of  the  cranium, 
the  ancients  called  it  Aposcej^arnis'rnus. 

DEERBALLS,  Elaphomyces  granulatus. 

DEERBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Vaccinium  stami- 
neum. 

DEERFOOD,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

DEERS'  TEARS,  Bezoar  of  the  Deer. 

DEFATLLANCE,  Syncope. 

DEFECATION,  DefcBca'tio,  from  de,  and  fax, 
PI.  faces,  'excrement.'  The  act  by  which  the 
excrement  is  extruded  from  the  body.  Caca'tio, 
Excre'tio  alvi  seu  alvi'na  seu  fcRCion  alvina'rum, 
Dejec'tio  alvi,  Seces'sio,  Exjiid'sio  seu  Ejec'tio 
fcecum,  Apago'qe,  Hi/pochore'sis,  Ecchore'sis,  Ec- 
copro'sis,  Eyes'tio.  The  faeces  generally  accumu- 
late in  the  colon,  being  prevented  by  the  annulus 
at  the  top  of  the  rectum  from  descending  freely 
into  that  intestine.  In  producing  evacuations, 
therefore,  in  obstinate  constipation,  it  is  well,  by 
means  of  a  long  tube,  to  throw  the  injection  into 
the  colon. 

In  Pharmacy,  defecation  means  the  separation 
of  any  substance  from  a  liquid  in  which  it  may 
be  suspended.     See  Clarification. 

DEFECTIO  AXIMI.  Syncope. 

DEFECTUS  LOQUEL^l,  Aphonia— d.  Ve- 
neris, Anaphrodisia. 

DEFENSI'VUM,  from  defendere,  defensum, 
'to  defend,'  (F. )  Defensif.  A  preservative  or  de- 
fence.    The  old  surgeons  gave  this  name  to  dif- 


DEFERENS 


281 


DELATSIO 


fcrent  local  Applications,  made  to  diseased  parts 
fur  the  purpose  of  guarding  then  from  the  itn- 
of  ex  trail  -.   and  particularly 

from  the  contact  of  air. 

DEI   ERENS,  from  de/ero,  (de,  and  ferre,)  'I 
bear  aw  ») .'  '  1  transport.' 

V  is,  Ductus  sen  Oana'lia  de 

ndttit  apermatique,  Oomal  sea 
Cam/nt  dtflrent,  is  the  excretory  canal  of  the 
sperm,  which  arises  from  the  epididymis,  de- 
Scribes  numerous  convolutions,  and  with  the  ves- 
lals  end  the  testicle  concurs  in  the  for- 

sactiun  of  the  Bpermatic  chord,  enters  the  abdo- 
minal    ring,   and    terminates    in    the    ejaculatury 
duct. 
DEFIBRINATED,  Defibrinieed. 
DEFIBRINATION,  Bee  Defibrinised. 
DEFIB'RINIZED,    (F.)    Difibrini,    Defib'ri- 
merted.    From  de,  and  fibrin.     Deprived  of  fibrin. 
A  term    applied    to   blood  from  which  the  fibrin 
ii   removed,  as  by  whipping.     The  act  of 
removing  fibrin  from  the  blood  has  been  termed 
defibrination. 

DEFIGURATIO,  Deformation. 
DBFLAGRA'TION,  Defiagra'tio,  from  defia- 
fjrm  ' ,  di .  and  fiagrare,  fiagratum,  '  to  burn,') 
•to  sel  on  lire.'  In  pharmacy,  the  rapid  combus- 
tion of  b  substance  with  flame;  great  elevation 
of  temperature  ;  violent  motion,  and  more  or  less 
poise.  Thus,  we  speak  of  the  deflagration  of 
nitrate,  and  of  chlorate,  of  potassa,  of  gun- 
powder. Ac. 

DEFLECTENS,  Derivative. 
DEFLECTIO,  Derivation. 
DEFLORATION,  Stuprum. 
Dbflora'tion,    Depucila'tion,    Depudica'tion, 
Devirgina'tinn,   JJc/lont'tio,    Devirgina'tio,    17/'- 
y  in  it  vitia'tio,    Virgin' itae  dejlora'ta,  from  deflo- 
.    [de,   and  floreaeere,)   'to   shed   flowers.' 
The  act  of  depriving   a   female   of  her  virginity. 
Inspection  of  the  parts  is  the  chief  criterion  of  de- 
floration naving  been  forcibly  accomplished;  yet 
inquiry   mu.-t   be  made,  whether  the   injury  may 
not  have  been   caused   by  another  body  than  the 
male  organ.      Recent  defloration  is  infinitely  more 
i    detection    than    where   some   time   has 
ed. 
DEFLUVIUM,    Aporrhoea  —  d.    Capillorum, 
Alopecia — d.  Pilorum,  Alopecia. 

DEFLUXIO,  Catarrh,  Defluxion,  Diarrhoea— 
d.  Catarrhal  is.  Influenza. 

DEFL1  X'lON,     Deflux'io,     (de,    and    fluere, 
j'fii.riuii,  'to  flow.')     Deflux'ua,  Cutar'rhyaie,  Hy- 
poiJrhy*ia,   Catar'rhua.      A   falling  down  of  hu- 
inours  from  a  superior  to  an  inferior  part.     It  is 
lometimes used  synonymously  with  inflammation. 
Dl  I  LUXUS  DYSENTERICUS,  Dysentery. 
DEFORMA'TION,  De/ormatio,  Cacomor'phia, 
Coxumnrjjfio'iis,    Dyantor'phe,  Dyamor'phia,  Dya- 
morpho'aia,  De/ortn'itaa,  Inform' itaa,  Defigura'tiol 
rti'tion,    Deform'ity,  (F.)   Diffoitnitf,  from 
I  forma.     Morbid  alteration   in   the   form 
of  some  part  of  the  body,  as  of  the  head,  pelvis, 
ppinc,  a  c.     A  deformity  may  be  natural  or  acci- 
dental. 

DE'FRUTUM,  for  Defervitum,  [de,  and/ereeo, 

.')    ( F.)    Vin  cuit.      Qrape   mast,  boiled 

down  to  one  half  and  used  as  a  sweetmeat. — l'lin. 

Colu 11.  Uidor.     Sec  Rob. 

DEFURFURATIO,  see  Desquamation. 
DEF1  SIO,  Deputation. 

ENER  \ Tin.  Degeneration  —  d.  Adiposa 
.  Steatosis  cordis. 
DEGEN  ERA'TION,   Degeneratio,  Notkeu'aie, 
Notki'a,  from  degener,  'unlike  one's  ana 

d  genua,   generia,  'family.')   Degen'eraey, 

Degtniration,  Abatardieaement.      A   change 

b-r  the  none— degradation — in  the  intimate  eom- 

u  of  the  solids  or  fluids  of  the  body.     In 


pathological  anatomy,  degeneration  means  the 
change  whioh  occurs  in  the  structure  of  an  organ, 
when  transformed  Into  a  matter  essentially  mor- 
bid: as  a  canceroue,  or  tubercular,  degeneration. 

r<  »c<  '"■'    is,  by  the  French  pathol 
employe 1  synonymously  with  Degeneration. 

DEGB'NE'RESCENCE,  Deg<  Deration  —  d. 
Qraieaeuae  du  Foie,  Adiposis  bepatica  —  d.  Gra- 
nule's <ln  Rein,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — 
(/.  A'..//.'.  Melanosis. 

DEGLUTINATIO,  Dtcollement. 

DEGLUTITIO,  Deglutition— d.  Difficilis,  Dys- 
phagia — d.  Empedita,  Dysphagia — d.  Lsasa,  Dys- 
phagia. 

DEGLUTIT"ION,I?eo/uhV'tQ,(7afap/o«»,from 
d< ,  and  glutire,  glutitum,  'to  swallow.'     The  act 

by  which  substances  are  passed  from  the  mouth 
into  the  stomach,  through  the  pharynx  and  oeso- 
phagus. It  is  one  of  a  complicated  character, 
and  requires  the  aid  of  a  considerable  number  of 
muscles;  the  first  step  being  voluntary,  the  re- 
mainder executed  under  Bpinal  and  involuntary 
nervous  influence. 

DEGMUS,  Dexie,  Morsux,  (F.)  .Voraure,  —  a 
bite  in  general,  Any/ios,  from  v<ikvu>,  '  I  bite.'  A 
gnawing  sensation  about  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  which  was  once  attributed  to  acrimony 
of  the  liquids  contained  in  that  viscus. 

DitGOR  0  EM  EN  T,  Disgorgement. 

DEO  OUT,  Disgust. 

DEGRADATION,  Degeneration. 

DEGREE',  from  degri,  originally  from  gradus, 
'a  step.'  A  title  conferred  by  a  college, — as  the 
'degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.'  Galen  used  this 
expression  to  indicate  the  qualities  of  certain 
drugs.  Both  he  and  bis  school  admitted  cold, 
warm,  moiat,  anil  dry  medicines,  and  four  dif- 
ferent '  degrees'  of  each  of  those  qualities.  Thus, 
Apium  was  warm  in  the  first  degree,  Agrimony 
in  the  second,  Roche  Alum  jn  the  third,  and  Gar- 
lic in  the  fourth.  Bedegar  was  cold  in  the  firat, 
the  flower  of  the  Pomegranate  in  the  second,  the- 
Sempervivum  in  the  third,  Opium  in  the  fourth, 
&e.  The  French  use  the  term  degri  to  indicate, 
1.  The  intensity  of  an  affection  :  as  a  burn  of  the 
first,  seeond,  third  degree,  &c.  2.  The  particular 
stage  of  an  incurable  disease,  a?  the  third  degree 
of  phthisis,  cancer  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

DEGUSTA'TION,  Dcgustn'tio,  from  de,  and 
gnatare,  (/nutation,  '  to  taste.'  Qustation.  The 
appreciation  of  sapid  qualities  by  the  gu.-tatory 
organs. 

DEIIIS'CENCE,  Del,  i  seen' tin,  from  dchiscere 
(de,  and  hiaeere  'to  gape'),  'to  break  open  in 
chinks.'  Separation  of  a  shut  organ  along  th9 
line  of  union.  A  regular  and  determinate  sepa- 
ration, which  takes  place  in  a  shut  organ. 

DKiCTICOS,  Index. 

DEID,  Death. 

DEII/S  SNUFFBOX,  Lvcoperdon. 

DEIRONCUS,  Bronchocele. 

DEJECTEDNESS,  Depression. 

DEJECTIO  ALVI,  Defecation  — d.  Alvina, 
Excrement. 

DEJECTION,  from  dejieere,  dejectnm  {de, 
and iacere,)  'to  cast  down.'  Dejee'tio,  Snbduc'tio, 
Hypagn'gi,  Wypochore'sia,  Hypechore'aia,  Apop'- 
(ttn*.  Hypop'ntua,  ffypoph'ora.  The  expulsion  of 
the  faeces : — Ejee'tio,  Egea'tio.  Also,  a  fecal  dis- 
charge or  stool, — generally,  however,  with  alrine 
prefixed, — as  an  olrine  Dejection,  Alvue  vir'idi»t 
Dejectio  alvi'na.     Abo  depression  of  spirits, 

DEJECTI0NE8  NIGRJB,  Melasna. 

DEJECTORIUM,  Cathartic. 

DELACRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

DELACRYM  \TI  VES,  Apodacrvticus. 

DELAPSIO,  Prolapsus. 


DELAPSUS 


282 


DELPHINIUM 


DELAPSUS,  Prolapsus  —  d.  Palpebrae,  Ble-  | 
pharopl 

DELATIO,  Indication. 

DELA  YANTS,  Diluentia. 

DELCROIX'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depila- 
tory,  Colley'ft. 

DELETE'RIOUS,  Delete' rim,  Pemieio'sua, 
(F.)  DeUtire,  Pemicieux,  from  irjXeui,  'I  injure.' 
That  which  produces  destructive  disorder  in  the 
exercise  and  harmony  of  the  functions. 

DELETERIUM,  Poison. 

DEL  IE  RET.  Delirious. 

DELIGATIO,  Deligation,  Ligature,  see  Ban- 
da  ge. 

DELIGA'TION,  Deliga'tio,  Epidei'sis,  Deli- 
gqtu'ra,  Vul'nerurn  deliga'tio  sen  oinctu'ra,  Fas- 
cia'rum  Applied' 'tio,Plaga' 'rum  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia' - 
t',0,  from  delignre,  deiigatnm,  (de,  and  ligo,)  'to 
bind.'  The  deligation  of  wounds  formerly  em- 
braced the  application  of  apparatus,  dressings, 
&e.,  —  the  denomination  Deliga'tor  Plaga'rum 
being  synonymous  with  Medicus  Vulnera' rim, 
and  in  derivation,  with  the  Wundarzt,  'wound 
physician'  or  surgeon,  of  the  Germans.  Deliga- 
tion is  hardly  ever  used  now  as  an  English  word. 
In  France,  it  is  applied  to  the  regular  and  me- 
thodical application  of  bandages,  and  to  the 
ligature  of  arteries. 

DELIGATURA,  Deligation. 

DELIQUES'CEXT,  Deliques'eens,  from  deli- 
quescere,  (de  and  liquescere,)  'to  melt,'  'to  dis- 
solve.' Any  salt  which  becomes  liquid  by  attract- 
ing moisture  from  the  air.  The  deliquescent 
safts  require  to  be  kept  in  bottles,  well  stopped. 
Chloride  of  lime,  acetate  of  potassa,  and  carbonate 
of  potassa,  are  examples  of  such  salts.  The  an- 
cient chemists  expressed  the  condition  of  a  body, 
which  had  become  liquid  in  this  manner,  by  the 
word  Deliquium. 

DELIQUIUM  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DELIKAMEXTUM.  Delirium. 

DELIRAXS,  Delirious. 

DELTRANT,  Delirious. 

DELIRATIO,  Delirium  —  d.  Senum,  see  De- 
mentia. 

DELIRE,  Delirium  —  d.  Crapnleux,  Delirium 
tremens — d.  des  hrognes,  Delirium  tremens — d. 
Nerveux,  Delirium  nervosum. 

DELIRE  DES  PERSECUTIONS.  Mania. 
in  which  the  morbid  hallucination  is,  that  the 
individual  is  persecuted. 

DELIRE  TRAUMA  TIQUE,  Delirium  nervo- 
sum  d.  Tremblant,  Delirium  tremens. 

DELIRIA,  Insanity. 

DELIRIE,  Delirious. 

DELIR'IOUS.  Same  etymon  as  Delirium. 
Deli'rans,  Deli'rm,  Excerebra'tus,  Alloch'obs, 
Alie'nus,  Parale'rus,  Raving,  (Sc.)  Delieret, 
Defirie,  (F.)  Dilirant.  One  who  is  in  a  state  of 
delirium.  That  which  is  attended  by  delirium. 
The  French  use  the  term  Fievre  pemicieuse  deli- 
rante  for  a  febrile  intermittent,  in  which  delirium 
is  the  predominant  symptom. 

DELIR'IUM,  from  de,  'from,'  and  lira,  'a 
ridge  between  two  furrows'  [?]  :  more  probably 
from  de,  and  \npnph  '  a  silly  saying  or  action.' 
Parac'ope,  Phreni'tis,  Phled-oni'a,  Desipien'tia, 
Aphros'yne,  Paralere'ma,  Paralere'sis,  Para- 
log"  \a,  Phanta'sia,  Paraph ros'yne,  Emo'tio,Leros, 
Parana?' a,  Alloph'asis,  Delira'tio,  Deliroment'um, 
(Sc.)  Ravery,  Raring,  (F.)  De/ire,  Egarement 
d' esprit,  &c,  Transport,  Ideosynchysie.  Stray- 
ing from  the  rules  of  reason  ;  wandering  of  the 
mind.  Hippocrates  used  the  word  pavia,  mania, 
for  delirium  nine  febre,  and  the  Greek  words 
given  above  for  delirium  cum  febre.  In  different 
authors,  also,  we  rind  the  words,  Paraph'ora,  Pa- 
raph' rotes, Paruphrene' sis, Paraphren' ia,  Phrene' - 


sis,  Pkreneti'ania,  &c,  for  different  kinds  of  de- 
lirium.    Delirium  is  usually  symptomatic. 

DELIRIUM    Ebriositatis,    Drunken    madness; 
!  also  D.  tremens  —  d.  Epileptic,  see  Epilepsy  —  d. 
Furiosum,  Mania — d.  Maniac-urn,  Mania. 

Delirium  Nervosum,  (F. )  Deli  re  nerveux  ou 
traumatique.  A  form  of  delirium  which  super- 
venes after  surgical  operations,  or  severe  in- 
juries. 

Delirium  Potatorum,  D.  tremens — d.  Tremi- 
faciens,  D.  tremens — d.  Senile,  see  Dementia. 

Delirium  Tremens,  D.  potato' rum   sen  <bri- 
osita'tis  seu  tremifa'eiens  seu   vig"ilans,  Ma' nia 
d  pottt  seu  e  temidentid,  (Enotnd'nia,  Erethia'muB 
ebrioso'  rum,  Diploma' nia,  Meningi'tia  sen  Ph  i  eui't- 
tis    potato'  rum,     Tromnma' nia,      Tromopamnte' a, 
Potoparance'a,  Pototromoparanos'  a,  (F.)  Enc6pha~ 
lopathie  crapideuse,  Del  ire  tremblant  on  crapufeux 
ou  des  Ivroynes,  F<die  des  Ivrognea  ou  Aleo  dique. 
A  state    of  delirium    and  agitation,  peculiar    to 
those  addicted  to  spirituous  liquors,   with   great 
sleeplessness.     It    is    preceded    by  indisposition, 
lassitude,  watchfulness,  headach,  and  anorexia  ; 
the    delirium    and    tremors.    Tremor   potato'rnmf 
most  commonly  recurring  in  paroxysms.     It  is 
caused  by  the   habitual  and  intemperate  use  of 
ardent  spirits  or  of  opium  or  tobacco;   or  rather 
;  by  abandoning  them  after  prolonged  use.     The 
treatment  is  various.     Many  have  regarded  sti- 
mulants, with  large  doses    of    opium    to   induce 
rest,  to  be  indispensable.     It  is  certain,  however, 
that  the  expectant  system  will  often,  if  not  gene- 
rally, be  successful;  and,  it  is  probable,  a  cure 
effected  in  this  manner  will  be  more  permanent 
than  when  produced  by  excitants. 
DELIRUS,  Delirious. 
DELITESCENCE,  see  Repercussion. 
DELITESCEXTIA,  see  Repercussion. 
DELIVER,  (Prov.)  lay,  same  etymon   as  the 
next.     '  To  put  to  bed.'     To  disburden  of  a  child. 
DELIVRANCE  (F.).  (de,  and  liner,  'to  set 
free.')     An   expression,  which,   in   common   lan- 
guage, signifies  the  action  of  delivering,  libera'tio, 
but  in  the  practice  of  obstetrics,  means  the  ex- 
I  trusion  of  the  secundines,  either  spontaneously 
!|  or  by  the  efforts  of  art.     This  completion  of  de- 
li livery —  partus  seennda'rius,   secuudina'rum   e.r- 
pul'sio  seu   extrac' tin,  is  produced   by   the   same 
laws  as  the  expulsion   of  the  foetus.     Sometimes, 
|  the  after-birth  follows  the  child  immediately  ;  at 
I  others,  it  is  retained;  and  requires  manual  inter- 
I  ference    to    remove    it.     The    following    are    the 
chief  cases  in  which  this  becomes  necessary.     I. 
Intimate    adhesion    between    the    placenta     and 
!  paries  of  the  uterus.     2.   Spasmodic  contraction 
i  of  the  orifice  of  the  uterus.     3.   Hour-glass  con- 
traction.    4.   Torpor  or  hemorrhage  after  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  child,  and,  —  5.  Insertion  of  the 
placenta  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 

DELIVERY,  Parturition  — d.  False,  False 
water. 

DELIVRE,  Secundines. 
DELOCATIO,  Luxatio. 
DELPHIXE,  see  Delphinium  staphjsagria. 
DELPITIXTXE,see  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
DELPHIX'IUM,    from    Ss^ig.    or   6d<p,v',    'a 
dolphin,'  which  the  flowers   resemble.      /'.   cu- 
sol' Ida  seu  Sei/'etum  seu  Versic'olor,  Calcitrn'pti\ 
Consol'ida   Rega'lis,  Branching  Larkspur,    Stag- 
gerweed.     Ord.  Ranunculacea?.     Sex.  Si/st.,  Po]y- 
andria  Trigynia.    (F.)  Piedd'alovette  des  champs). 
It    has    been    employed    as    a    vermifuge.      The 
flowers  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia,  and   the 
i  seeds  have  the  same  property  as  those  of  Staves- 
acre. 

Delphinium  Consolida,  Delphinium  —  d.  Se- 
getnm,  Delphinium. 

Delphix'ium  Staphisa'gria.     The  systematic 


DELPIIYS 


DENGUE 


i 

.    - 

.     II>  rbe     in  ■       ,  '  1       |  hinelle. 

-   tphisnffria,  (Ph.  L.  and  E.)  have  a 
smell  :    b    nauseous,    bitterish,    hot 
and  are  cathartic,  emetic,  and  venn 

their  opera- 

i  .in  given  internally,  and  are 

chiefly  used  in  powder,  mixed  with  hair  powder, 

The   active    principle   <>f  tbia 

plant  baa  been  separated,  and  received  the  name 

I  It  ie  ex- 

:  (cently  nsed,  like 

\  i,  in  tic  douloureux,  paralysis  and  rheu- 

i  .It  is  nsi'il  in   the  form  of  ointment,  or 

•ion  in  alcohol,  (gr.  x  to  xxx,  or  more,  to 

externally. 

D  Iphinium. 
PHYS,  Uterus,  Vulva. 
DELTA,  Vulva, 
DELTIFORMIS,  Deltoid. 

rOID,    De/toi'des,   Delto'dee,  Deltoid*** 
I  '■ .  from   the  Greek  capi- 

tal  let!  semblance.' 

<-  -  i-hnmSral  of   Dutnns  ;    Sut-acromio- 

i  ■'    of    Chaussier.      A     triangular    muscle 

forming    the   fleshy  parr    of  the   shoulder,   and 
_-  the  shoulder-joint    It  extends  from  the 
iiird    of    the    clavicle,   from    the    acromion 
ne  of  the  scapula,  to  near  the  middle  and 
f  the  o.<  humeri,  where  it  is  inserted 
:     a    strong    tendon.      This    muscle 
:n  directly  upwards,  when  the  shoul- 
fixed,  and    carries   it   anteriorly  or  poste- 
riorly, according  to  the  direction  of   the  fibres, 
1  are   thrown    into   action.     If   the  arm   be 

:  1  immovable,  the  deltoid  acts  inversely 

and  depresses  the  shoulder. 
DELTOlDE,  Deltoid. 
DELUSION,   Hallucination. 
DEM    EL   MUCA.     A  name  given  by  Prosper 
Alpiir  ise,  which,  be  .-ays.  is  proper  to 

.  He  considers  it  to  l>c  inflammation  of  the 
brain;  but  others  describe  it  as  a  pernicious  in- 
t 

M  A  GN  E  T  I  Z  A'T  I  0  X.  Demagnetita'tio. 
■  of  removing  the  condition  of  magneti- 
. 
DEM  AN  i     pitching. 

heir. 
/-/.  HENCE,  Dementia — d.  Tnnie,  Idiotism. 
DEMENTED,  It 

:  FN  '  I  I  A,  Amen'tia,   Fatu'itas,   Ance'a, 

■'■i'ii,    Ertifp'n,    /'iiniiiii'ii.   J/o'- 

'.    luenhe' n  tirj.  ImbeciV- 

t'.V-    In  lueanity  •    from    de,    'from,'  or 

mind,'  or   '  reason.' 

In  common  parlance,  and 

!  language,  this  word  is  synonymous 

.  sii  ians,  however,  have  applied 

■  unsound  mind  whieh  are  <  ha- 

.  atotallossof  the  faculty  of  thought, 

in  imbecility  of  intellect    that    the 

txtremely  incoherent,  tl 

ne  a  total   I 

nd   melancholy  are  apt 

.  more  deplorable  state,    /a. ''/</< 

nelere'- 

Semtm, 

'"itii-.  Delir'ium  St  ni'le, 

Anil'.  s 

0,rtttrie,—a  form  of  moral 
ty,  in  which  the  whole  moral  ohara 
changed. 

.  Idiotism — d. 

-ape. 

Si  I,  Semi — .  icupium— d 


-■mi-circular — "".  Epinevut,  Sejni-spinaHa 
colli  —  </.  Epineux  du  <I<>s.  Semi-spinalia  dorsi  — 
</.  linuh/'t,  Oantelet —  (/.  Interroemeux  <ln  | 

brevis  pollicis  manm — '/.  Litnatre,  Semi- 
lunar —  (/.  .'/'  mbraneux,  Si  mi-iiiemlii  ano.-us  —  rf. 
,  Semitendinosus — d.  Orbicularis,  Orbicu- 
—  (/.    Tendineitx,  Semi-teudinosua —  tl. 
Tit  re* .  llcmitrita  i 

DEMISSIO  ANIMI,  Depression. 

DEMISSOR,  Catheter. 

DE'MODEX  F0LLIC1  LO'Rl  K.(in*u>s,  'lard/ 
and  ittf,  'a  boring  worm,']  Acarua  follioulorum. 

DEMONOMA'NIA,  Damouotuama,    . 

)(/",  Eutheoma'nia,  from  iaii/uv, '  dewuv,'  a  spirit 

of  good  or  evil,  and  pauu.  '  madi.o.-.      A  van.  ty 

of  madness,  in  whieh  the  person  conceives  him- 

-.  and  is  in  continual  dread  of 

malignant  spirits,  the  paina  of  bel 

religions  insanity,  Sebaatuma'nia. 

DEM'ONSTRATOR,    from    dem< 
and  monttrart,)  *  to  show.-'  'exhibit.'     One  who 
exhibits.     Tbeindex  G  Digitus. 

Dbm'okstratoh  of  Anat'omy.  One  who  ex- 
hibits tiie  parte  of  the  human  hody.  A  teacher 
of  practical  anatomy. 

DEMOTI'VUS    LAPSUS,    Repenti'na 
from  demovere,  (de   and  movere,)  'to  moi 
'remove.'  and  /'//<<.»*',  •  ;\  falL'      Sudden  death. 

DEMUL'CENTS,    Demulcen'tia,   [ttvalveu'tia, 
Obvolven'tia,   Lvbricaw'tia,  from    demula 
and    in  ulcere.)    'to    soothe,'    'to    assuage.'      (F.) 
Adoucieaant*.    Medicines  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  correcting  certain  acrid   conditions  in;  i 
to  exist  in  the  humours.     Substances  of  a  muci- 
laginous or  saccharine  nature  belong  to  thi 
Demulcents  may  act  directly  on   the  parte   with 
whieh  they  come  in  contact  :   hut  in   othei 
as    in    catarrh,  their  effect  is  produced   by  con- 
tiguous  sympathy:  the  top   of  the   larynx   being 
soothed  by  them  first,  and  indirectly  the  inflamed 
portion   of  the  air  -   of  the 

urinary  organs,  they  have  no  advantage  over 
simple  diluents.  —  See  Diluents  and  Emollients. 
The  following  are  demulcents: — Acaciae  Guinini ; 
Althaea  Folia  et  Radix;  Amygdala'.-  Amylum; 
Avenae  Farina:  Cera;  Cetaeeum ;  I 
-  mina  :  Fucus  Crispus;  Glycyrrhiza;  Hordeum  ; 
Lichen;  Linum;  Olivae  Oleum;  Sassafras  Medul- 
samuin;  Serum;  Tragacantha,  and  Ulmus. 

DEMUS4  tJLA'TUS,  from  de,  and  muaculue, 
'a  muscle.'  (F.)  DicharnL  Emaciated,  devoid 
of  flesh. 

DENA'RTTJS;  a  Roman  coin,  equal  in  value 
to  about   in  pence   English.      It  was 

marked  with  the  letter  X.  to  signify  10  ac 

Also,  the  7th  part  of  the  Roman  ounce. 

DENDROLIBANUS,  Rosmarinus. 

DBNERVATIO,  Aponeurosis. 

DEN'GUE,   Dingee,   Dunga,   Dandy,  /.'■ 

Bucket    Filer.   Eriiji'tier  art  it'ultir  fi  n  r.  I',  r/nii- 

mat'ic  fever,  Breakbone,  Neuralgic,  Solar  or  Sun 
/'•rir.  Rheumatia'muafebri'lia,  Scarlati'na  rhen- 
itini' ii-n,  Exanthi  '*»«  arihro'sia,  Plauta'ria, 
i.iiint/n  iiiitt'iiu  articnla'rie,  (F.)  Giraffe.     A  dis- 
ease, whieh  first  appeared  in  the  years  1827  and 

•  the  W<  -t  Indies,  and  in  the  southern 
states  of  North  America.  It  was  extremely 
violent  in  it-  .  but  not  often  fatal.     It 

usually  commenced  with  great  languor,  i I 
ami  pain  in  the  tendons  about  the  small  I  : 
To  these  symptoms  succeeded  burning  heal 

■  of  the  skin,  paina  in  the  muselea  id*  tlio 
limbs  or  in  the  forehead,  a  ith  vomiting  or  nausea. 
The  fever  continued  for  one,  two  or  thn 
and  usually  terminated  by  copious  perspiration. 
In  different  places,  U  put  on  different  appear- 
ances; but  aeema  in  all  to  1..  ■  lingular 
variety  of  rbeuraatifl  f<  ■  isual  antiphlo- 
gijtic  treatment  was  adopted,  and  successfully. 


DEXIACII 


284 


DEXTIER 


DEXIACII.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  De- 
niach  is  a  village  in  Swabia,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Black  Forest.  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
ncid.  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

DBNIGRA'TIO,  from  denrgrare,  (de,  and  m- 
ger,  'black,')  'to  become  black.'  The  act  of  be- 
coming black,  as  in  cases  of  sphacelus,  stagfla- 
tion. &c 

DENS,  Tooth  —  d.  Leonis,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

Dens  Pro'lifer.  A  term  used  by  Bartholin 
for  a  supernumerary  tooth,  which  appears  to 
grow  upon  a  primitive  or  parent  tooth. 

DENT,  Tooth — d.  de  Lion,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum— d.  de  Sanesse,  see  Dentition. 

DEXTAGOGUM,  Dentagra. 

DEN'TAGRA,  Den'tieeps,  Dentar'paga,  Denti- 
du'cum,  Dentic'  ulum,  Dentago'gum,  Denta'lis  for- 
fex,  Forfex  denta'ria,  Odvnthar'paga,  Odon'ta- 
g>a,  Odontago'gon,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth,' 
and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  (F.)  Davier.  A  tooth- 
forceps. 

DE  XT  AIRE,  Dental. 

DENTAL,  Denta'lis,  Denta'rius,  Denticula'tus, 
(F.)  Dentaire,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  That 
which  concerns  the  teeth.     See  Dentiformis. 

Dental  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  dentaires,  are 
the  arches  formed  by  the  range  of  alveoli  in  each 
jaw. 

Dental  Ar'teries  are  those  arteries  which 
nourish  the  teeth.  They  proceed  from  several 
sources.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  e.  g.,  re- 
ceive their  arteries  from  the  infraorbital-  and 
superior  alveolar,  —  themselves  branches  of  the 
internal  maxillary.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw 
receive  their  branches  from  the  inferior  dental 
or  inferior  maxillary,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
internal  maxillary,  and  runs  through  the  dental 
canal,  issuing  at  the  mental  foramen,  after  hav- 
ing given  numerous  ramifications  to  the  teeth 
and  jaw. 

Dental  Canals,  (F.)  Conduits  dentaires,  Max'- 
illanj  canals.  The  bony  canals,  through  which 
the  vessels  and  nerves  pass  to  the  interior  of  the 
teeth. 

Dental  Car'tilage,  Cartila'go  denta'lis.  The 
cartilaginous  elevation,  divided  by  slight  fissures, 
on  the  biting  margins  of  the  gums  in  infants, 
prior  to  dentition.    It  is  a  substitute  for  the  teeth. 

Dental  Cav'itv,  (F.)  Cavite  dentaire.  A  ca- 
vity in  the  interior  of  the  teeth  in  which  is  situate 
the  dental  pulp. 

Dental  Excava'tor.  An  instrument  for  the 
removal  of  the  decayed  part  of  a  tooth,  prepara- 
tory to  the  operation  of  filling. 

Dental  Fol'licle,  Follic'ulus  seu  Cap'snla 
d<>ntis,  (F.)  Follicule  dentaire.  A  membranous 
follicle,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  in  which  the 
teeth  are  contained  before  they  issue  from  the 
alveoli,  and  which,  consequently,  aids  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  alveolo-dental  periosteum,  and  of 
the  membrane  that  envelops  the  pulp  of  the  teeth. 
The  dental  follicles  are  lodged  in  the  substance 
of  the  jaws. 

Dental  Gangrene,  Caries  Den'tium,  Odon- 
talg" in  cario'sa,  Odontonecro'sis,  OdontosphaceV '- 
ixis,  Odontosphacelis'  mus,  Necro'sis  Den'tium, 
(F.)  Carie  den  Dents.  Gangrene  or  caries  of  the 
teeth.     See  Caries. 

Dental  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfa  dentaires.  Nerves 
which  pass  to  the  teeth.  Those  of  the  upper  in- 
cisors and  canine  are  furnished  by  the  infra-or- 
bitar  nerve,  a  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary. 
and  those  of  the  molars  by  the  trunk  of  the 
same  nerve.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  receive 
the  nerves  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  which,  as 
well  as  the  superior  maxillary,  arises  from  the 
5  th  pair. 


Dental  Pulp,  Pulpa  seu  Xu'cleus  seu  Sub- 
stantia pulpo'sa  dentin,  Germen  denta'le,  (F.) 
Pu/pe  dentaire.  A  pultaceous  substance,  of  a 
reddish-gray  colour,  very  soft  and  sensible,  which 
fills  the  cavity  of  the  teeth.  It  is  well  supplied 
with  capillary  vessels. 

Dental  Surgeon,  Dentist. 

Dental  Veins  have  a  similar  distribution  with 
the  arteries. 

DENTALIS,  Odontoid— d.  Forfex,  Dentagra. 

DENTA'LIUM,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth/ 
the  dog-like  tooth  shell.  A  genus  of  shells  in  the 
shape  of  a  tooth.  They  formerly  entered  into 
several  pharmaceutical  preparations,  but  were 
useless  ingredients:  consisting  —  like  shells  in 
general — of  carbonate  of  lime  and  gelatin. 

DENTARIA,  Anthemis  Pyrethrum,  Plumbago 
Europsea. 

DENTARIUS,  Dentist. 

DENTARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

DENTATA  VERTEBRA,  Axis. 

DENTATE,  Denta'ted,  Denta'tus,  (F.)  Dentele. 
Cut  in  the  shape  of  teeth. 

DENTATURE,  Digitation. 

DENTATUS,  Dentate. 

DEXTELAIRE,  Plumbago  Europrea. 

DENTELARIA,  Plumbago  Europsea. 

DEX TELE, Dentate — d.Anterieur petit,  Pecto- 
ralis  minor — d.  Grand,  Serratus  niagnus — d.  Pos- 
terieur  et  inferieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  infe- 
rior—  d.  Superieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior. 

DEXTELURE,  Digitation. 

DENTES,  Teeth,  see  Tooth  —  d.  Angulares, 
Canine  teeth  —  d.  Bicuspidati,  Molar  teeth  —  d. 
Buccales,  Molar  teeth — d.  Canini,  Canine  teeth — 
d.  Clavales,  Molar  teeth — d.  Columellares,  Canine 
teeth  —  d.  Ctenes,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Cuspidati, 
Canine  teeth  —  d.  Dichasteres,  Incisive  teeth'  — 
d.  Gelasini,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Gomphii,  Molar 
teeth — d.  Incisores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Lactei,  see 
Dentition  —  d.  Laniarii,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Maxil- 
lares,  Molar  teeth  —  d.  Molares,  Molar  teeth  —  d. 
Mordentes,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Oculares,  Canine 
teeth  —  d.  Primores,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Rasorii, 
Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Sapiential,  see  Dentition  —  d. 
Serotini,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophroretici,  see  Den- 
tition— d.  Sophronistae,  see  Dentition  —  d.  Soph- 
ronisteres,  see  Dentition — d.  Tomici,  Incisive 
teeth. 

DENTICEPS,  Dentagra. 

DENTICOLA  HOMINIS,  see  Odontolithos. 

DENTICULA'TUM,  (Ligamentum.)  diminu- 
tive of  dens,  dentis,  '  a  tooth.'  Ligamen'tum  den- 
ta'tum,  Membra'na  denta'ta,  (F.)  Ligament  dentele 
ou  denticule.  A  slender  cord,  situate  between 
the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  of  the  spinal 
nerves,  and  between  the  tunica  arachnoidea  and 
pia  mater.  It  is  attached  to  the  dura  mater, 
where  that  membrane  issues  from  the  cranium, 
and  accompanies  the  spinal  marrow  to  its  inferior 
extremitj'.  It  sends  off,  from  its  outer  edge, 
about  twenty  slender  processes,  in  the  form  of 
denticuli,  each  of  which  passes  outwards  and  con- 
nects itself  with  the  dura  mater  in  the  intervals 
between  the  anterior  and  posterior  roots  of  the 
nerves. 

DENTICULATUS.  Dental. 

DENTICULUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULUS,  Crena. 

DENTIDUCUM,  Dentagra. 

DEXTIER,  (F.)  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth/ 
Denture.  A  set  or  row  of  teeth,  mounted  on 
metal  or  ivory,  to'  be  adjusted  to  the  alveolar 
margin.  Dentiers  are  simple  or  double.  To  the 
latter,  that  is,  to  the  full  set,  the  name  Rutelier 
is  given. 


DENTIFORM 


DEXTS  BICUSPID£eS 


blood   ^iij,  cochi- 
uinmu   w)ij,  I 


DEN'TIFORM,  Dentiform';*,  from  dent,  dt  nti*, 
'a  tooth,' and /orma,  'form.'     Resembling  a  tooth 

DEN  1  [FORMIS, 

I » 1 1  S  tifric"inm,     Remtd'iwm 

'ontntrim'ma,     Odontotmeg'ma, 

Tooth  from  dent,  dentit,  '  a 

tooth.'  tnd  fricare,  '  to  rob  :'  a  name  given  to  dif- 

powders  and  pastes  proper  for  cleansing 

tmel  of  the  teeth,  and  removing  the  tartar 

which   covers   thorn.      Powdered   hark    and   char- 

oited  to  any  acidulous  salt  —  as  (-Tram  of 

tar  ':ir — form  one  of  the  most  common  denti/rieet. 

/  of  the  Parisian 

coral  -Jiv,  cuttlefish  bone*  and 

cinnamon,  aa  3'j»  cochineal  Jss,  homy  3X>  ttlunt 

gr.  iv  or  v. 

•e   Dentin  ice   of   the   Codex 

,  red  coral,  [prepared.]  and  cut 
J5vji   dragon's 
n  am  of  tartar  JJix,  Cl" 
well  mixed.      The  one  osed  by  the  author, 
is  composed  of  charcoal  and  orrit  root,  each  one 
part  :  alk,  two  parts. 

Charcoal,    6nely    powdered    and    mixed    with 
chalk.  lentrifioe  as  any. 

DBS  B,  Den' tiger,  from  Jena,  den- 

mry.'     Tooth  carrying,  as  dew- 
:   one  containing  teeth. 
iLIOl  N.  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
1 » I !  N    CINAL,    Dentina'lit,   from   dent,   dentit, 

Relating  to  the  dentine  of  the  teeth. 
DENTINE,    see     Tooth  —  d.     Secondary,    tee 
Tooth. 

DENTISCAL'PIUM,    from    dent,    dentit,   'a 
tooth,'  and  s  -crape.'    Odonto' glyphum. 

This   word   has   been  applied   to    the    instrument 
used  for  Bcaling  the  teeth;  to  the  tooth-pick,  (F.) 
and  to  the  gum  lancet, — the  dSehaut- 
tuir  of  the  French. 

DENT'IST,   Dentit' ta,  Odontia'ter,  Denta'riut, 

Dtniul    Surgeon,    Surgeon- Dentist,    (F.)    Dentitte, 

from  dent,  dentit,  'a    tooth.'     One  who  devotes 

ly  of  the  diseases  of  the  teeth, 

and  their  tr<  atment 

,  i:V.     Odontotech'ny,     Odontiatri'a, 
Odontoi  '.  Dental  Surgery,     Same  etymon, 

tist. 
i  riTIO,  Dentition— d.  Difficilis,  Dysodon- 

DKXTIT    I"X,  Teething,  Dentii"io,  Denti'tit, 
Odontophy'i  '»,  Odonto' sis,  from  den- 

tire,    (  .    'a    tooth,')   'to   breed    teeth.' 

The  exit  of  the  teeth  from  the  alveoli  and  gams; 
or  rather  the  phenomena  which  characterize  the 
;'  their  existence.     The  germs 
of  the  Brat  teeth,  dentet  lac'tei  or  milk  fe<  ! 
'ait,  are  visible  in  the  foetus  aboul  I 

i  month;  and  they  begin  to  be  ossified 
from  the  end  of  the  third  to  that  of  the  sixth 
month.     At  birth,   the  corona  of  the   incisors   is 
:  the  canine  is  not  completed ; 
rcles  of  the  molares  are  do! 
unite  1.     Gradually  the  fang  b<  relopedj 

and  at  about  six  or  eight  months  begins  what  is 
commonly  called,  the  firti  dentit" ion,  Odon'tia 
■His  lactan'tium.  The  two  middle  incisors 
of  the  lower  jaw  commonly  appear  tire- 
some time  afterwards,  those  of  the  upper  jaw; 
irds,  the  two  lateral  incisors  of  the 

jaw  ;    and    then    tlo.se   of  the   upper,    followed    by 

r  anterior  molares  ;  the  canint .  or<  y  -U  i  th, 

.  those  of  the  lower,  and,  afterwards,  those 

of   the   upper  jaw,   next    appear :    and, 

qoentlj  .  the  first  1  molares  —  2 

.  I 

'limn*, 

i  or  milh-U  "'rii,)   (F.) 

la  it,  is  n> 


The  eruption  of  the  milk  teeth  takes  place,  ap- 
proximately, in  the  following  order: 

- 6th  to  8th  month. 

Lateral  incisors 7th  to  10th  month. 

First  molar 12th  to  11th  month. 

Canines 15th  to  20th  month. 

nd  molar 20th  to  SOth  month. 

The  seruwl  dentition    or   shedding  of  th- 

odon'tia  dentitio'nit  pneri'lit,  Dcaentit"ion,  be- 
gins abonl  the  age  of  6  or  7.  The  germs  or  mem- 
branous follicles  of  these  second  teeth  —  to  the 
number  of  ."'2  —  as  well  as  the  rudiments  of  the 

teeth  themselves,  are  visible,  even  in  the  fo  tar, 
with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  small  niol.-,r<>, 
which  do  not  appear  till  after  birth.  They  are 
contained  in  alveoli  of  the  same  shape  as  tbi  pfl 
of  the  first  dentition.  Their  ossification  (••  n- 
-  at  from  8  to  8  months  alter  birth,  in  tlio 
incisors  and  first  molares;  at  eight  or  nine 
months,  in  the  canine;  about  three  years,  in  the 
molares;    ;U    in    th  great  molares,  and 

about  1U  years  in  the  last.  As  the  alveo] 
new  tooth  becomes  gradually  augmented,  the 
septum  between  it  and  that  of  the  corresponding 
milk  tooth  is  absorbed,  and  disappears.  The  root 
of  the  milk  tooth  is  likewise  absorbed:  itscorona 
-  loose  and  falls  out.  and  all  the  first  teeth 
are  gradually  replaced  by  the  permanent  teeth, 
Den'tt  i  xi  rot'iiii.  This  second  dentition  becomes 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the  inereasi 
of  the  jaws.  The  new  teeth  have  neither  tho 
same  direction  nor  the  same  shape  as  the  old; 
and  they  are  more  numerous,  amounting  till  the 
age  of  25,  (sooner  or  later,)  to  28.  About  this 
period,  i  small  molaris  appears  at  the  extremity 
of  each  jaw,  which  is  called  Dcnx  tapien'tim  or 
un'tdom  tooth,  irit  tooth,  Dcnx  tcrot'inut,  1' 
jJiron  t'icim,  D.  Bophronis'ta,  D.  tophronit'ter, 
(F.)  Arritre  dent,  Dent  de  sagesse,  making  the 
whole  number  of  permanent  teeth  r.L'. 

The  eruption  of  the  permanent  teeth  is  remark- 
able for  its  genera]  regularity;   so   that  it   consti- 
tutes an   important    means   for  ascertain ii 
age  of  the  individual  during  the  early  period  of 
life. 

First  molars 7th  year. 

Central  incisors 8th  year. 

Lateral  incisors 9th  year. 

First  bicuspids 10th  year. 

Second  bicuspids 11th  year. 

Canines 12th  year. 

iond  molars I3th  year. 

The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  precede  by  a  few 
weeks  those  of  the  upper. 

During  the  period  of  dentition,  that  is,  of  tho 

tir>t    dentition,  the  infant  is  especially  liable  to 

: — the  irritation,  produced  by  the  pressure 

of  the  tooth  on  the  superincumbent  gum,  Bome- 

casionlng  pyrexia,  convulsions,  diarrhoea, 

&&,  which  symptoms  are  often  strikingly  r< 

by  a   free   division   of  the   distended   gum.      This 

red  condition  is  called  Teething,  Odon'tia 

dentitio'nit,  Odonti'atit,  Odontalgia  dentitio'nit, 

'iiiiis. 

DEN1  [TI8,  Dentition. 

DENTI1  M  CORTEX,  Enamel  of  the  teeth— 
:.  Odontalgia  — d.  Nitor,  Enamel  of  the 

teeth  —  d.    Scalptura,    (Lancing    the    gums. 

Gum  lancet — d.  Vacillantia,  Odontoi 

DENTO,    from    dent,    dentit,    'a    tooth.     One 

teeth  are  prominent. 

•DENTOIDEUS,  odontoid. 

DENTS  BJCUSPipJSES,  Bicnapld  teeth— d. 

Col  <l<*.  Collnm  dentium  —  '/.  Conoidet,  Canine 

teeth—-  utition — '/.  ifdchelieret, 

Molar  teeth — (/.  Molairct,  Molar  teeth — </.  ilulti- 


DEXTURE 


286 


DEPRESSOR 


cmpidiei,  Molar  teeth,  great  —  d.  (Eillieres,  Ca- 
nine teeth. 

DENTURE,  Dentier. 

DBNUDA'TION,  Denuda'tio,  Gymno'sis,  from 
denudare,  (de.  and  nudare,  nudatum),  'to  lay 
bare.1  Condition  of  a  part,  deprived  of  its  natu- 
ral coverings,  whether  by  wounds,  gangrene,  or 
It  is  particularly  applied  to  the  bones, 
when  deprived  of  their  periosteum,  and  to  the 
teeth  when  they  lose  their  enamel  or  dental  sub- 
stance, or  when  the  gums  recede  from  them,  and 
their  sockets  are  destroved. 

DEOB'STRUEXT,  Deob'struens,  Dephrac'ti- 
CHflt,  Deoppi'lans,  DeoppiJati'  cum,  Ecplirac'tic, 
from  de,  and  obstruere,  (ob,  and  struere,)  'to  ob- 
struct.' (F.)  Desobstruant,  Desobstructif  Desopi- 
latif,  Diaopilant.  Medicines  given  with  the  view 
of  removing  any  obstruction.  The  word  corre- 
sponds to  aperient,  in  its  general,  not  in  its  par- 
ticular sense.  It  is  now  almost  abandoned,  and, 
when  used,  conveys  by  no  means  definite  ideas. 
DEODORIZER,  Antibromic. 
DEOXTOL'OGY,  Deontolog"ia  ;  from  ra  Seovra, 
'what  are  fitting  or  necessary,'  and  \oyos,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  word  introduced  by  Dentham  to 
signify  morals,  or  the  science  of  duties. 

Med'ical  Deontol'ogy,  Deontolog"ia  med'ica, 
(F.)  Deontologie  medicale,  Medical  ethics,  Me- 
dical etiquette.  The  duties  and  rights  of  medical 
practitioners. 

DEOPPILATIVUM,  Deobstruent. 
DEPASCEXS,  Phagedenic. 
DAPAUPERATUS,  Impoverished. 
DEPERDITIO,  Abortion. 
DEFER ISSEMEXT,  Emaciation. 
DEPHRACTICUM,  Deobstruent. 
DEPILA  TIF,  Depilatory. 
DEPILATIO.  Alopecia— d.  Capitis.  Calvities. 
DEPILA'TION,  Depila'tio,  Dropacis'mus,  Ma- 
de'sis,  Jfad'isis,  Psilo'sis,  from  de,  andpilits,  'hair.' 
Loss  of  hair,  either  spontaneously  or  by  art. 

DEP'ILATORY,  Depilato'rium,  Dropax,  Psi- 
bi'thron,  Ectillot' icns,  Epilato'rium,  (F.)  Dejiila- 
toire,  Depilatif  Epilatoire.  Same  etymon.  Any 
thing  which  causes  the  loss  of  the  hair.  Depila- 
tories are  usually  caustic  applications,  in  which 
quicklime  or  some  other  alkaline  substance,  sul- 
phuret of  iron,  &c,  enter. 

Depilatory,  Colley's,  seems  to  consist  of 
quicklime  and  a  portion  of  sulphuret  of  potassa. 

Delcrot'jc's  depilatory,  and  Plenck's  depilatory, 
have  a  similar  composition.  They  all,  probably. 
contain  arsenic,  in  the  form  of  orpiment.  The 
following  formula  has  been  given  for  that  of 
Colley:  quicklime,  30  parts;  soap  lees,  125  parts; 
sulphur,  4  parts  ;  nitre,  4  parts  :  orpiment,  12  parts. 
Another  depilatory  by  F.  Boudet  is  formed  of  sul- 
phuret  of  sodium,  3  parts;  quicklime,  in  powder, 
10  :  starch,  10  :  mix.  Rub  a  little  of  this  powder 
•uith  water  :  apply  it  to  the  part,  and  remove  the 
hair  in  a  minute  or  two  with  a  wooden  knife. 
Dorvault  recommends  the  Depilatory  of  Martins, 
which  is  a  sulphuretted  sulphuret  of  calcium  ; 
made  by  passing  suljdtohydric  acid  into  quicklime 
to  saturation.  A  little  of  this  is  applied  to  the 
part,  and  in  eight  or  ten  minutes  it  becomes  solid. 
It  must  then  be  washed  off  with  cold  or  hot  wa- 
ter,  when  the  skin  will  be  found  denuded.  An- 
other, given  by  Redwood,  is  a  strong  solution 
of  the  sulphuret  of  barium,  made  into  a  paste 
with  starch  powder.  It  is  used  like  the  one  ad- 
vised by  Boudet.  Those  that  do  not  contain 
arsenic  are,  of  course,  safer. 

A  pitch  plaster,  Pitch-cap,  is  sometimes  used 
as  a  depilatory.  It  of  course  pulls  the  hair  out 
by  the  roots. 

DE'PILIS,  same  etymon.  Devoid  of  hair. 
Hairless. 


DEPLACEMEXT  DE  LA  CATARACTE, 
see  Cataract 

DEPLETIF,  Depletory. 

DEPLETION,  Deple'tio,  from  depleo,  deple- 
tion, '  I  unload.'  The  act  of  emptying  or  unload- 
ing, for  example,  the  vessels,  by  blood-letting 
and  the  different  evacuants.  Also,  inordinate 
evacuation. 

DEPLE'TORY,  Depleting,  (F.)  DipUtif.  Hav- 
ing relation  to  depletion  —  as  'a  depletory  or  de- 
pleting  ascent.' 

DEPLUMA'TIO,  Ptilo'sis,  from  deplumis  [de 
and  pluma),  'without  feathers.'  A  disease  of  the 
eyelids,  in  which  they  are  swollen,  and  the  eye- 
lashes fall  out.     See  Madarosis. 

DEPOSTT,  Depos'itum,  from  depono,  (de  and 
pouo,  position,  'to  lay  or  put,')  'to  lay  or  put 
down.'  (F.)  Depot.  Any  thing  laid  or  thrown 
down.  In  physiology  and  pathology,  a  struc- 
tureless substance,  separated  from  the  blood  or 
other  fluid,  as  the  typhous,  tuberculous,  purulent, 
melanic,  and  diphtheritic  deposits. 
Deposit,  Feculence. 

DEPOS'ITIYE,  Depositi'vus,  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  used  by  Mr.  Erasmus  "Wilson  to  express 
that  condition  of  the  membrane  in  which  plastic 
lymph  is  exuded  into  the  tissue  of  the  derma,  so 
as  to  give  rise  to  the  production  of  small  hard 
elevations  of  the  skin,  or  pimples.  Under  "de- 
positive  inflammation  of  the  derma,"  he  comprises 
strophulus,  lichen,  and  prurigo. 

DEPOT,  Abscess,  Sediment— d.  Laiteuse  sur 
i  la  Cuisse,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  d.  de  V  Urine,  Se- 
\  diment  of  the  urine. 

DEPRAYA'TIOX,  Deprava'tio,  from  de  and 
I  pravus,  'bad.'     Perversion,  corruption  —  as  de- 
pravation of  the  taste,  etc. 

DEPREHEXSIO,  Diagnosis,  Epilepsy. 
DEPRES'SIOX,   Depres'sio,    Impres'vio,   from 
deprimere,  depression  (de  and  premere),  '  to   de- 
press :'    Esphla'sis.     In    Anatomy,   it   means    an 
excavation,  hollow,  or  fossa.     In   Surgery,  it   is 
1  applied   to  a  fracture  of  the  cranium,  in  which 
the  portions  of  fractured  bone  are  forced  inwards  ; 
;  (F.)    Subgrondation,    Entablement ;    called    also, 
Catapi'esis,  Campsis  Depres'sio,  Thlasis  Depretf- 
|  sio.     Dep>ression,  (F.)  Abaissement,  means  Couch- 
ing.— See  Cataract. 

Depression  also  means  dejection  or  dejectedness 
— Ademon'ia,  Ademo'syne,  Demis'sio  animi. 

Depression,  Nervous,  Shock,  nervous — d. 
Yital.  Shock,  nervous. 

DEPRESSOIRE,  Meningopbylax. 
DEPRESS'OR,  (F.)  Abaisseur.     Same  etymon. 
Several   muscles   have   been   so   termed,  because 
they  depress  the  parts  on  which  they  act. 

Depressor  Al^e  Xasi,  D.  la'bii  superio'ria 
al&que  nasi  seu  Labii  superio'ria  pro'priua,  In- 
cisi'vus  me'dius,  Myrtifor'  mis,  Constricto' res  ala'- 
rum  nasi  ac  depresso' res  la'bii  superio'ria,  Moxiilo- 
alreoli-no.sal  —  part  of  the  labialis,  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Abaisseur  de  I'aile  du  nez.  It  arises  from  the 
superior  maxillary  bone  immediately  above  the 
junction  of  the  gums  with  the  two  incisor  and 
I  canine  teeth  ;  and  passes  upwards  to  be  inserted 
into  the  upper  lip  and  root  of  the  ala  nasi,  which 
it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  Ax'guli  Oris,   Triangula' ris,   f)e- 

!■  pressor   labio'rum    commu'nis,  D.   labiorum.   (F.) 

Sousmaxillo-labial,  Maxillo-Jabial  (Ch.),  Abaia- 

|   seur  de  I'angle  des  levres  ou  Muscle  Triangula  ire. 

[;  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  lower  part  of  the  face. 

|i  Its  form  is  triangular.     It  arises  from  the  outer 

',  oblique  line  on  the  lower  jawbone,  and  terminates 

in  a  point  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 

it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  La'bii  Inperio'ris  ;  Quadra'tus, 
||  Q.  Menti,  Depressor  labii  inferio'ris  pro'^/'iMe— 


DEPRESSORIUM 


DERMATIATEIA 


(F.)  ifentonnier-iabial,  Mento-labial  (Ch.  , 

iln  Menton,   Hovppe  iln   Menton,  Abntaeeitr  de  l>t 

\  small,  thin,  and  quadrilateral 
muscle,  which  arises  from  the  external   oblique 

line  «'!'  the   lower  jaw,  and   ascends   to  the   lower 
mfouuded  with  the  orbi- 
cular:-  oris.      It   pulls   the   lower  lip    downwards 
and  outwards. 

Dbprrssob  Labii  Sitpbriorts  Proprius,  T). 
Alio  nasi  —  d.  Labiorum  communis,  D.  Anguli 
oris  —  d.  Ooull,  Rectus  inferior  oenli. 

Dbprbssor  Pal'pebrjb  Inpbbio'ris.    A  fleshy 

bundle,  which  tonus  part  of  the  palpebralis 
muscle.  Heister  describes  it  separately,  but  it  is 
not  admitted  now. 

DEPRESSORIUM,  Meningophyla*. 
DEPRIMENS  AURICULA,  Retrahens  nuris 
—  d.   Maxillsa   biventer,   Digastricus —  d.  Oeuli, 
-  inferior  oenli. 
DEPRIMENTIA,  Sedatives. 

'UCILATION,  Defloration. 
DEPDDICATION,  Defloration. 
DEPURAN'TIA,  from  depurar*  (da  and  pii- 
'to   purify.'      (F.)    Dipurana,    Dipuratifa. 
Medicines  were  formerly  so  called,   which   were 
supposed  to  possess    the   property    of  removing, 
from   the   mass   of  blood  or  humours,  those  prin- 
ciples which  disturbed  their  purity  :  and  of  di- 
recting them  towards   some  one  of   the   natural 
emtmetories.     The   juices    of   what   were    called 
anti-scorbutic   herbs,   sulphur,    and    many   other 
medicines,  were  ranked  under  this  class. 
DEPURATIFS,  Depurantia. 

TRA'TIOX.  Depura'th.     Same  etymon. 
Catharie'moa,  Munda'tio.     In  Pathology,  depura- 
tion has  been  used  for  the  process  by  which  na- 
ture purifies  the  animal  economy,  either  by  the 
of  some  eruptive  disease,  or  some  aponta- 
ivacuation,  or  by  the  assistance  of  medi- 
cine.    See  Clarification,  and  Depuratory. 
DEPURATIVE,  Depuratory. 
DEP'URATORY.     Same  etymon.     Depurnto'- 
rina,  Depurative,  (F.)  Dipnratoire.     That  which 
depuration,  as  the  urinary  and  cutaneoua 
depuration*.      Applied,    also,   to    diseases    which 
considered  capable  of  modifying  the 
constitution    advantageously,   by  acting   on   the 
composition  of  the  fluids  —  such  as  certain  erup- 
tion--^ intermittent.*.  Ac.     The  word  is.  also,  ap- 
propriated to  medicines  and  diet,  by  which  the 
-  Bought  to  be  induced. 
DBRADELPH'US,  (F.)  Diradelpke,  from  Sep*, 
'the  neok,'  and  ,i':\cji.  -a  brother.'     A  double 
phalous    monster,   whose  two    trunks    are 
the  umbilicus,  and  separated  below. 
— <i.  St.  Hilaire. 

DER'ADEN,  from  fitpn,  'the  neck,'  and  a6rjv, 
ind  in  the  n< 
lADENI'TIS,  from   6cpn,  'neck,'  a8nv,  'a 
and    ft  la,    denoting   inflammation.      In- 
ation  of  the  glanda  of  the  neck. 

IDENON'CUS,    from    itpn,    'the    neck,' 
.   gland,' and  oyKoS,  'a  swelling.'     Tuine- 

nds  of  the  neck. 
:  INENCEPHA'LIA,      Thllpaencephu'Ua, 
.'  and  anencephalia,  •  absence  of 
brain.'     A   monstrosity   in   which    only  a  small 
portion  of  the  brain  exisl  m  tbe  cervi- 

cal rertebrm— more  properly  derencepha'lia.—Q. 
According  to  Is.  <J.  St.  Hilaire,  a 
characterized   by  the   total   h 
phalon,  and  of  the  medulla  spinalis  into 
i  sal  region. 
DERANGED,  Insane. 

WGEMENT,  Insanity. 

hK  priva'tHS,  from  <h  and 

r»>>.    'spleen.'     Deprived    of    spleen; 
operation. 


by 


DERCH,  Nanus. 

DERB1  \.  Impetigo. 

DERENCEPHALIA,  Deraneueephalia. 

DERENCEPH'ALUS,  from  .-    ■ .  -the  neck,' 
iA/;,   'head.'     A    monster  whose   brain   is 
in  the  n.'rk- 1;.  Bt  Hilaire. 

DERIS,  Cutis. 

DERIVANS,  Derivative. 

DERIVA  TIF,  Derivative. 

DBRIVA'TION,   Deriva'tlo,  ,  Para- 

na, Antilep'aia,  Antia'paaia,  ll<  < 
Cura  derivati'va  sen  revuleo'ria,  from  derlvare, 
derivatum,  (de,  and  rioua,  'a  river.')  'to  turn 
water  from  its  regular  course.'  When  a 'centre 
of  fluxion'  ia  established  in  a  part,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  abstracting  the  excited  vital  manifesta- 
tions from  some  other,  a  derivation  18  operated. 

The  term  DsRIVATIOH  has  likewise  been  ap- 
plied to  the  suction  power  of  the  heart  —  a 
presumed   agency  in  the  circulation  of  the  bleed. 

DERIVATIVE.  Revel' lent,  Revulsive,  i 
tena,  Deri'vana,  Derivato'riua,  Antiapaa'ticua,  lie- 
vulai'vua,   Revulao'ritt*,   (!■'.)    Dirivutif,   Rivulaif. 
Same  etymon.     A  remedy,  which   by  producing 
a  modified  action  in  some  organ  or  textdre  derivea 
from   the  morbid   condition   of  some  oth<  i 
or  texture.    Revellents  are  amongst  the  mosl  im- 
portant  remedies:    they   include,   indeed, 
physical  and  moral   agent  which  is  capable  of 
modifying  the  function  of  innervation,  and  there- 
fore almost  every  article   of  the  materia  medica. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  local  Deriva- 
tives : 

1.  Epispastics. —  Aeidum  Aeeticum,  Acidum 
Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Allium,  Ammo- 
nia, Ammoniacum,  Asafoetida,  Cantbaris,  Capsi- 
cum, Galbanum,  Olea  Essen tialia,  Fix  Abietis, 
Sinapis,  Caloric,  Friction. 

2.  Vesicants. — Ammonia,  Argent!  Nitras,  Can- 
tharis,  Cantharis  Vittata.  Hydrargyri  Iodidum 
rubrum,  Ranunculus,  Sinapis,  Caloric. 

3.  Suppdrahts.  —  Acida  Mineraha,  Antimonii 
et  Potassae  Tartras,  Cantharis,  Mezereum,  Fix 
Abietis,  Sabina,  Tiglii  Oleum,  Fonticulus.  Seta- 
ceum. 

4.  —  Escftarottcs.  —  A.  Erodenta.  —  Acidum 
Aeeticum,  Acida  Mineralia.  Alumen  ExsiccatuiU, 
Argenti  Nitras,  Cupri  Sub-Acetas,  Cupri  Sulpha.-, 
Sabina.  Saccharum  Purissimum. 

B.  Actual  Caateranta.  —  Caloric,  White  Hot 
Iron,   Moxa. 

C.  Potential  Oauteranta. — Acidum  Arseniosum, 
Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Anti- 
monii Murias,  Argenti  Minis.  Calx,  Fotassa, 
Potassa  cum  Calce,  Zinei  Chloridum. 

DERIVATORIUS,  Derivative. 

I)  BR  MA.  Cutis. 

DERM  AD,  see  Dermal  Aspect. 

DERMAL,  Dermic,  Derma' lia,  Der'mieua,  from 
Scpfin,  'the  skin.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
skin. 

Dsrmal  Aspect.    An  aspect  towards  the  skin 
or  external  surface. —  Barclay.     Dermad  ;- 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  Bigni 
wards  the  dermal  aspect.' 

DERMAL'GIA,  properly  Dermntal'gia,  />,.-. 
matodgn'ia,  from  lepfxa.  'the  skin,'  and  uAyo?, 
'pain.'  Fain  in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of  the 
skin.  Rheumatic  Dermalgia  or  Rhenmariam  <■;' 
thr  akin  is  a  form  of  neuralgia,  which  ia  referred, 
a,  to  the  nervous  trunks,  muscles,  Ac,  but 
appears  to  be  seated  in  tbe  cutaneous  nerves. 

DERM  \T.\<;i:  A.  Pellagra, 

DERMATALG1  \.  Dermalgia, 

DERMATANEU'RIA,    Adermoner'via,    from 

btpua,  6tpparos,  '  skin."  a,  priv..  and  vevaop,  '  rier\  c' 

Paralysis  or  loss  of  sensibility  of  the  skin. 
DERMATAUXE,  Dermatopbyma, 
DERMATIATRI'A,from  tyaa,*^  are*, 'akin,' 


DERMATITIS 


DESMOID 


and  larpzui.  'healing.'  Healing  of  cutaneous  dis- 
eases. The  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  skin — 
Diadermintri' at  Dermatocrati'a. 

DERMATITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation. 

DERMATOCHOLOSIS,  Icterus. 

DERMATOCHYSIS,  Anasarca. 

DERMATOCRATIA,  see  Dermatiatria. 

DERMATODES.  Dermatoid. 

DERMATODYNIA,  Dermalgia. 

DER'MATOID,  Dermatoi'des,  Dermato'des, 
Dermui'des,  Dermo'des,  Dermoid,  from  bepfia, 
depuaros,  'the  skin/  and  uSos,  'form.'  That  which 
is  similar  to  the  skin.  This  name  is  given  to 
different  tissues,  which  resemble  the  skin.  The 
dura  mater  has  been  so  called  by  some. 

Morbi  dermato'des,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases    | 

DERMATOL'OGY,    Dermatology  ia,    DermoV - 
ogy,  from  Scpua,  SepuaTos,  '  the  skin/  and  Aoyo?,  j 
'a  discourse.'    A  discourse  or  treatise  of  the  skin. 

DERMATOPATHIA.  Cutaneous  disease. 

DERMAT0PERISCLERI3MUS,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS,  Induration  of  , 
the  cellular  tissue. 


DESAL  TERA  NTS,  Refrigerants. 

DISARTICULATION  (F.),  from  de,  and 
articulus,  'a  joint.'  Disjointing.  A  word  used 
to  express  the  part  of  the  operation,  in  amputa- 
tion at  an  articulation,  which  consists  in  dividing 
the  ligaments,  and  separating  the  articular  sur- 
faces. The  word  has,  also,  been  used  for  that 
kind  of  anatomical  preparation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  separate  the  different  bones  of  the 
skeleton,  and  especially  those  of  the  head. 

DESASSLMILATIOX,  see  Assimilation. 

DESCALORIXESES,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
calor,  'heat/  A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  dis- 
eases which  are  characterized  by  diminished 
heat. 

DESCEMET,  MEMBRANE  OF,  see  Aqueous 
Humour,  and  Cornea. 

DESCEMETI'TIS.  A  term  improperly  formed, 
and  really  signifying  'inflammation  of  Descemet.' 
Inflammation  of  the  membrane  of  Descemet. 

DESCENDERS  NONI,  see  Hypoglossus. 

DESCEXSIO,  Catabasis. 

DESCENSUS,  Catabasis  — d.  Testiculorum, 
Orchido-eatabasis. 

DESCEXTE,  Hernia  —  d.  de  la  Matrice,  Pro- 


DERMATOPHILTJS,  Ghique.  n  ddentia  uteri 

DEEMATOPHY'MA,  Dermataux'e,  from  Sepua,  \       DESECTU'5 
SepuaTos,  'skin/  and  <pvua,  'tumour/     A  tumefac 


laros, 
tion  of  the  skin 

DERMATOPHYMATA  VENEREA,  Condy- 
lomata. 

DERMATOPH'YT.E,  properly  Dermatoph'yti 
(Morbi),  from  Sepfia,  Scpfiaros,  'skin/  and  (pvrov, 
'a  vegetable.'  An  order  of  cutaneous  diseases, 
including  those  that  depend  on,  or  are  character- 
ized by,  the  presence  of  parasitic  plants.  It  is 
made  to  include  Porrigo  and  Sycosis. 

DERMATORRHAG"IA,  from  Sepua,  Sepuarog, 
'skin,'  and  pay?j,  'rupture/  A  discharge  of  blood 
from  the  skin. 

DERMATORRHGE'A,  from  Sepua,  Sepuarog, 
'skin,'  and  pew,  'I  flow/  A  morbidly  increased 
secretion  from  the  skin. 

DERMATOSCLEROSIS,  Callosity. 
DERMATOSES,  Cutaneous  diseases. 
DERMATOSIES    VEROLEUSES,    Syphi- 
lid en. 

DERMATOSPASMUS.  Horrida  cutis. 
DER.MATOTYLOMA,  Callosity. 
DERMATOTYLOSIS.  Callosity. 
DERMATOTYLUS,  Callosity. 
DERME.  Cutis. 

DERMIC,    Der' miens,    Dermat'icus,   Dermnt'i- 
nus,  Dermatic,  Dermal,    Derma'lis;    from   Sepua, 
'skin.'     Relating  to  the  skin. 
DERMITIS,  Cytitis. 
DERMODES,  Dermatoid. 

BE'RyWG'R  AVHY. DermograpJi'ia,  from  hp/ia, 
'the  skin/  and  ypafiw,  'I  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  skin. 

DERMOH.E'MIA,  from  Sepua,  'skin/  and 
'mua,  'blood.'  Hyperemia  or  congestion  of  the 
skin. 

DERMOID.  Dermatoid. 
DERMOLOGY.  Dermatology. 
DERM'OPHYTE,   Dermatophyte,   same    ety- 
mon.    A  parasitic  vegetable  growth  on  the  skin. 
DERMO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 
DERMO-S YP H I L IDES,  Syph Hides. 
DERMOT'OMY.  Dermotom'ia,  from  Sepua,  'the 
skin/  and  reuvnv,  'to  cut.'     The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  skin. 
DERODYM I'S.  Dieephalus. 
DERONCUS,  Bronchocele. 
DERTRON.     This    word,    which   is   used   by 
Hippocrates,    signified,    according    to    some,   the 
omentum  or  peritoneum,  but  according  to  others, 
the  small  intestine.     See  Epiploon. 


DESEXFL  ERE,  Detumescence. 

DESHLER'S  SALVE,  Ceratum  resinae  compo- 
situm. 

DESICCANTIA,  Desiccativa. 

DESICCATIO,  Draining— d.  Herbarum,  Dry- 
ing of  plants. 

DESICCATION,  Drying. 

DESICCATI'VA,  Desican'tia,  Siccan'tia,  Ex- 
siccati'va,  from  desiccare,  (de,  and  eiccare,  siccn- 
tnm,  'to  dry,')  'to  dry  up/  (F.)  Dessiccatifs. 
Remedies,  which,  when  applied  externally,  dry 
up  the  humours  or  moisture  from  a  wound. 

DISINFECTANT,  Disinfectant. 

DESIXFECTIOX,  Disinfection. 

DESIPIENTIA,  Delirium. 

DESIRE,  Libido — d.  Venereal,  Appetite,  vene- 
real, see  Libido. 

DES'MA,  Des'me,  Des'mns.  A  bandage,  a  liga- 
ment.    Hence: 

DESMATUR'GIA,  from  Seaua,  'bandage/  and 
epyuv,  'work/  The  doctrine  of  the  application 
of  bandages.     Bandaging. 

DESMEDION,  Fasciculus. 

DESMEUX,  Ligamentous. 

DESMIOGNA'THUS,  (F.)  Desmiognathe,  from 
Seafios,  'ligament/  and  yvaOog,  'jaw/  A  double 
parasitic  monster,  Order,  Polygnathiens,  charac- 
terized by  a  supernumerary  imperfect  bead,  which 
is  united,  under  the  neck,  by  muscular  and  cuta- 
neous, but  no  bony  attachments,  to  the  principal 
subject. 

DESMI'TIS,  Desmophlogo' sis,  Desmophlog"ia, 
from  SeauT),  'a  ligament/  and  itis.  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  ligaments. 

DESMOCHAUNO'SIS,from  Seauog.  'ligament/ 
and  xavvuxris,  'relaxation/  Relaxation  of  an  ar- 
ticular ligament. 

DESMODYN'IA,  from  Seff/m,  'ligament/  and 
oSvvrj,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  ligaments. 

DESMOG'RAPHY,  Desmograph'ia,  from  Sta- 
uog,  'a  ligament/  and  ypacprj,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  ligaments. 

DESMOID,  Desmo'ides,  Desmo'des,  from  teapot, 
'a  ligament,'  and  ziSo$,  'resemblance.'  Having 
the  character  of,  or  resembling,  ligament. 

Desmoid  Tissue,  from  Seau°s-  'a  ligament/  and 

eiSos,   'shape.'      Ligamentous    Tissue.   Textus  des- 

mo'sns.     This    tissue    is    very    generally    diffused 

over  the  human  body  :  has  a  very  close  connexion 

|  with  the  areolar  tissue,  and  is  continuous  with  it 


DESMOLOGY 


28  9 


DEVELOPMENT 


in  divers  places.  It  constitutes  the  ligaments, 
■poneoroses, 

DESMOL'OGY,  Dmmolog"ia,  from  ho-pos,  'a 
r,'  and  \oyos,  ' a  discourse,'  'a  treatise.1 
Tluit  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liga- 
ments. 

DESMOP'ATHY,  DetmopathPa,  from  Sto^s, 
'ligament,' and  naQos,  '  disease.'     Disease  of  the 

DESMOPHLOGIA,  Desmitis. 

DESMORRHEX'IS,  from  <' capos,  'a  ligament,' 
and  prftf,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  an  articular 
ligam 

DESMOS,  Ligament. 

DESJ  _-unentous. 

DESMOT'OMY,  Deemotom'ia,  from  Stapos,  'a 
ligament.'  and  rcpvctv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  <>f  ana- 
tomy which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting  the 
ligaments. 

)BSTRUANT,  Deobstruent. 

ViSOBS  Til  I  '< '  TIF,  Deobstruent. 

DtiSOPILA  TIF,  Deobstruent 

D&SORGANISA  TION,  Disorganization. 

VMSOXYGENESES,  from  de,  and  oxygen. 
M.  Banmes  includes  under  this  title  an  order  of 
diseases,  which  he  considers  dependent  upon  a 
diminution  in  the  quantity  of  the  oxygen  neces- 
sary for  the  animal  economy. 

DESPO  TA  T8  V.).  Infirm  soldiers,  formerly 
lharged  with  the  office  of  removing  the  wounded 
from  the  field  of  battle:  perhaps  from  deeporta- 
tor,  'one  who  hears  away.'  The  class  of  De*po~ 
tut*  was  introduced  by  Leo  VI.,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  '.Mli  century. 

DESPTJ M  A ' T 1 0 X.  Deepuma'tto,  ApaphrWmo*, 
Epnjthrii' iif»i,  from  denpuniare,  (de,  and  ftpiima,) 
'to  skim.'  'to  remove  the  froth.'  The  separation 
of  the  froth  and  other  impurities,  which  rise,  by 
the  action  of  the  fire,  to  the  surface  of  any  fluid. 

DESQUAMATION,  Deequama'tia  Gutie,  Ec- 
Aponyr'ma,  Apolep'ieit,  Apolepie'mus, 
Moulting,  from  deequamare,  (de.  and  tquama,  'a 
scale,')  'to  scale  off.'  Exfoliation,  or  separation 
of  the  epidermis,  in  the  form  of  scab's,  of  a  greater 
.  Fur/ura'tio,  De/ur/ura'tio.  This 
affection  is  a  common  consequence  of  ezanthema- 
tous  il  - 

DESQUAMATORITJS,  Exfoliative. 

VES8ECHEMENT,  Atrophy,  Draining. 

DESSIC  1  TIFS,  Desicativa. 

DES8WCA  1 1<).\.  Desiccation. 

DESTILLATIO,  Corysa,  Distillation— d.  Pec- 
:i-l.  Cteri,  Leucorrhoea. 
Rl  i  TIO,  Diaphthora. 

DESUDA'TIO,  Ephidro'eie,  Sudam'ina,  IT!- 
dn/u,  from  ./,  ttidare,  [de,  and  tudare,)  'to  sweat.' 
ad  inordinate  sweat- 
ing, a  mocks weat;  but,  most  commonly,  the  term 
is  applied  to  an  eruption  of  small  pimples,  similar 
to  millet  seed,  which  appears  chiefly  on  children, 
and  i>  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness. 

DE'SYMPHYSER,  see  Symphyseotomy. 

DBTENTIO,  Catalepsy. 

DETERGENS,   kbstergent 

DBTER'GENT8,  from  detergere,  (de,  and  ter- 
?"■''■  '*•  clean,')  'to  eleaase.'  Detergen'tia,  />>. 
tert'/riu,  Extergen'tin,  Abetergen'tia,  Abeterei'va, 
Aimferto'ria,  Abluen'tia,  Trauma? i  ■ 
Mjmmtdan'tia,  Mundificati'va,  Mundifiean'tia, 
1:hp'  P.)  Ditertift,  Mundiflca- 

tip\    Abluent*,      Medicines,    which 

pan-,  as  wounds, 
belong  to  the  class  of  stimu- 
hat  ofemol 

DETERMINATION,  Determina'tio,  from  de, 
and  tcrminue,  'a  boundary.'     Btrong  dire 
a  given  point;— as  'a  determination  of  I 
the  b 

19 


DK  TERSIFS,  Detergents. 

DETERSORl  \.  Detergents. 

DETERSO'RIUM,    from    detergere,    detcrtum, 
'to  cleanse.'     The  place,  in  ancient  bath 
tablishments,  where  tho  bather  was  cleansed  and 
dried. 

DETESTATIO,  Castratio. 

DE  TORSE,  Sprain. 

DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting. 

DETRI'TUS,  from  deUrere,  {de,  and  terere, 
tritum,  "to  rub,')  'to  bruise  or  wear  out.'  The 
residuum,  occupying  the  place  of  the  organic 
texture  of  parts  which  have  undergone  disorgani- 
sation. 

DETROIT  ABDOMINALS,  Pelvis  (brim)— 
d.  Infh-ieur,  Pelvis  (outlet)—  d.  Pirintal,  Pelvis 
(outlet) — d.  8up4rieur,  Pelvis  (brim.) 

DE'TRONCA  TION,  Detruncatio. 

DETRUNCA'TION,  Detrunea'tio,  (F.)  Detro,,- 
eation,  from  de,  and  brunette,  'a  trunk.'  Separa- 
tion of  the  trunk  from  the  head  of  the  foetus,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DETRU'SIOX,  Detm'sio;  same  etymon  as  thf 
next.  The  act  of  thrusting  or  forcing  down  or 
away.  Applied  by  Dr.  Walshe  to  lateral  displace- 
ment of  the  heart  by  extraneous  pressure. 

DETRU'SOR  URI'X.E.  Protru'eor,  from  dr. 
trudere,  (de,  and  trudere,  tnmitm,  'to  thrust,')  'to 
thrust  down  or  from.'  The  muscular  coat  of  tho 
urinary  bladder  was  formerly  so  called.  It  was, 
also,  named  Constrictor  Yesi'ccB   Urina'ria. 

DETUMESCENCE  (F.),  Detumetcen'tia,  from 
detumere,  (de,  and  tumere,  'to  swell,')  'to  cease 
to  swell.'  A  diminution  of  swelling.  This  word 
has  nearly  the  same  signification  as  the  French 
word  Desenjlure.  The  latter  is,  however,  more 
particularly  applied  to  the  diminution  of  oedema 
or  anasarca;  the  former,  to  the  resolution  of  a 
tumour  properly  so  called. 

DEUXX.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight  of  1 1 
ounces,  supposing  the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEUREXS  (FEBRIS.)  Causus. 

DEUS  COPULATIONIS,  Cupido. 

DEUTER  V.N0EA,  Dementia. 

DEUTERI'A,  from  Scvrepos,  'the  second.'  Vo- 
gel  has  used  this  term  for  the  symptoms  produced 
by  retention  of  the  secundines.  The  word  was 
also  applied,  by  the  Greeks,  to  a  second  or  infe- 
rior wine. 

DEUTERION,  Secundines. 

DEUTEROPATIII'A,  Hyateropathi'a,  Moron* 
aecunda'riua,  from  Stvrcpos,  'the  second,'  and 
rmSos,  'disease.'  A  secondary  disease.  One  pro- 
duced by  another,  and  of  which  it  is  only,  in 
some  measure,  symptomatic,  or  the  sympathetic 
effect. 

DEUTEROS'COPY,  Deutero*eop'i<x,  from  lev- 
rtpog,  'the  second,' and  okoxcu),  'I  view.'  Second 
sight  A  fancied  power  of  seeing  future  things 
or  events. 

DEUTO,  hvTtpoi,  'second.'  A  prefix  denoting 
two,  or  double, — as  deutoxide,  having  two  degrees 
of  oxidation. 

DEUTOAZOTATE  ACIDE  LIQUIDS  DE 
MERCURE.  see  Hydrargyri  oitras. 

DEVELOPMENT,  Evolu'Ho,  from  (F.)  dhe- 
lopper,    'to    unfold.'      (P.)    DiveUtppement,      In 

Physiology,  it  means  growth  or  increase;  and  in 
Pathology,  it<  signification  is  similar.  It  —  as 
well  a-  Differentiation — is  at  times  used,  in  Phys- 
iology, for  the  kind  of  increase  w  hich  takes  phv  e 

by  the   formation    of  new    tfssnes    from    those    al- 
ready existing,  as  in  the  embryo,  whilst  growth  is 
restricted  to  the  Increase  of  the  sami 
development  of  the  pulse  Is  nnderstood  an  in- 

;n    its   strength    and   fulnes>. 
development,  Morbi  evolutio'nie,  are  sucb  i 

peculiar  to  the  period  of  growth. 


DEVERTICULUM 


290 


DIACHALASIS 


'Taking  Developments. '  A  term  used  by 
practical  craniologists  to  signify  the  act  of  mea- 
suring prominences  of  the  skull,  which  are  re- 
garded by  them  as  indicating  the  size  of  corre- 
sponding cerebral  organs. 

Development,  Vesicle  op,  see  Vesicle  of  De- 
velopment. 

DEVERTICULUM,  Diverticulum. 

DEYIA'TTOX,  Devia'tio,  from  de,  'from/  and 
via,  '  the  way.'  Out  of  the  way.  By  this  word 
is  meant  —  a  vicious  curvature  of  the  spine  or 
other  bones;  —  faulty  direction  of  the  teeth  or 
other  part:  —  the  passage  of  blood,  bile,  urine, 
milk.  <fec,  into  vessels  not  natural  to  them. 

DE  VIA  TION  DES  REGIES,  Menstruation 
(vicarious.) 

DEVIL  IX  A  BUSH,  Xigella— d.  Bit,  Vera- 
trum  viride. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Scabiosa  suc- 
cisa,  Chamaelirium  luteum  —  d.  Bite,  Liatris  —  d. 
Dung,  Asafoetida  —  d.  Shoestrings,  Galega  Vir- 
ginian a. 

DEVIRGIXATION.  Defloration,  Stuprum. 

DEVISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

DEVOIEMENT,  Diarrhoea. 

DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus  caesius 
— d.  Plant.  Rubus  caesius. 

DEWCLAWS,  Crusta  genu  equinae. 

DEXIOCAR'DIA,  from  8eZioS,  'right,'  and  Kap- 
Sia,  '  the  heart.'  A  case  in  which  the  heart  is 
found  to  beat  on  the  right  side.  It  is  met  with 
occasionally  in  pleurisy  and  pneumothorax. 

DEXIS,  Degmus. 

DEX'TAXS.  A  weight  of  10  ounces,  suppos- 
ing the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEXTERIXA,  Dextrine. 

DEXTRAD,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  A 
term  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'towards  the  dextral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

Dextral  Aspect,  see  Mesial. 

DEXTRAL'ITY,  from  dexter,  'right.'  The 
state  of  being  on  the  right  side.  Right-handed- 
ness.    The  state  of  being  right-handed. 

DEXTRIX,  Dextrine,  Dextri'num.  Dexteri'na, 
Briti*lt  gum,  Artijic"ial  gum,  from  dexter,  'right- 
handed.'  So  called,  from  its  refracting  the  rays, 
in  the  polarization  of  light,  more  to  the  right 
hand  than  any  substance  known.  A  substance 
obtained  by  the  continued  action  of  diluted  sul- 
phuric acid  upon  starch  at  the  boiling  point.  It 
is  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  by  the  'im- 
movable apparatus.'  The  bandages  are  soaked  in 
a  solution,  in  water,  of  the  dextrine  —  previously 
moistened  thoroughly  with  tincture  of  camphor, 
to  prevent,  it  from  leaking  when  the  water  is 
added.  The  solution  should  be  of  the  consistence 
of  molasses. 

DEXTRIXUM,  Dextrine. 

DI.  &i,  6is,  'bis,  twice,  double.'  Hence,  Dicro- 
tus,  Dig"8triciis,  &c. 

DIA,  Si'i,  in  composition,  'through,  asunder, 
out  of,  separated.'  When  prefixed  to  any  thera- 
peutical agent,  it  meant,  in  ancient  pharmacy,  a 
preparation  into  which  that  agent  entered. 

DIABEBOS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

DIABETE.  Diabetes— d.  Chyleux,  Chyluria— 
d.  Faux,  see  Diabetes — d.  Insipide,  see  Diabetes 
— d.  Sucre,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABE'TES,  from  Sta,  '  through,' and  0aivu>, 
1 1  pass.'  Uri'ncs  proflu'vinm,  Hyperdinre'sis, 
S'pho  nri'nm,  Urorrhag"ia,  Polyu'ria,  Hydrops 
ad  Mat' nlam  sea  Matel'lce,  Polyure'sis,  Uroze'mia, 
(Jreorrhve'a,  Dip'sacos,  Diarrh<v'a  in  Urind  seu 
urino'sa,  (F.)  Diabete,  Flux  d' Urine.  A  disease, 
characterized  by  great  augmentation  and  often 
manifest  alteration  in  the  secretion  of  urine  ;  with 
excessive  thirst,  and  progressive  emaciation.  Cul- 
len  has  described  two  species:  —  Diabetes  insip- 


idus and  D.  Jfelli'tns;  the  former,  (F.)  Diabete 
faux  ou  insipide,  Diabete,  being,  simply,  a  super- 
abundant discharge  of  limpid  urine,  of  its  usual, 
urinary  taste :  the  latter,  D.  Melli'txis,  called,  also, 
Paru'ria  Melli'ta,  Diabetes  An'glicus  seu  rents, 
Melitu'  ria,  Melithyperu' ria,  Glucosu'ria,  Glycyr- 
rhce'a  urino'sa,  Uroze'mia  melli'ta,  Saccharor- 
rhce'a  urino'sa,  Phthisu'ria,  Uro-phthi' W«,  Tabes 
diuret'ica  seu  diabe'tica,  Dyspep'sia  sacrharig"- 
ena,  Apoceno'sis  Diabetes  Melli'tus,  Sac' chorine 
diabetes,  (F.)  Diabete  sucre,  Hyperurorrhie  sac- 
charine, Phthisurie  sucree, —  falls  under  the  defi- 
nition given  above.  The  quantity  of  urine,  dis- 
charged in  the  24  hours,  is  sometimes  excessive, 
amounting  to  30  pints  and  upwards;  each  pint 
containing  sometimes  2^  oz.  saccharine  matter. 
This  replaces  the  urea,  which  is  not  found  in 
quantity  in  the  urine  of  those  labouring  under 
diabetes.  Where  the  disease  is  situate  is  not 
clear.  The  whole  system  of  nutrition,  however, 
seems  to  be  morbidly  implicated.  A  part  of  the 
||  urine  must  be  formed  at  the  expense  of  the  sys- 
I  tem,  as  the  egesta  frequently  far  exceed  the  solid 
and  liquid  ingesta.  On  dissection,  no  morbid 
|  appearance  is  met  with,  sufficient  to  enable  us  to 
!   fix  on  the  seat  of  this  distressing  affection. 

All  the  remedies  that  have  been  tried  have 
i!  usually  been  found  insufficient  in  D.  Mellitus. 

D.  insip'idus,  Hyperure'sis  aquo'sa,  Hydru' ria, 
Hydrure'sis,  Paru'ria   incon'tinens  aquo'sa,  Dia- 
|    be'tes  spu'rius,   Urorrhce' a,    Ureal  Diabetes,  (F.) 
Pulyurie,  Hypemrrorrhee,  Diabete  insipide,  Faux 
||  diabete,  which  occurs  in  hysterical    habits,  and 
||  has,  hence,  been  called  D.  hystericus,  is  of  com- 
paratively trifling  moment.     Exclusive  diet,  and 
attention  to  the  state  of  the  cutaneous  transpira- 
tion, which  have  sometimes  produced  good  effects 
in  D.  Mellitus,  have  most  commonly  failed. 

Diabetes  Anglicus,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Chylo- 
sus,  Chyluria  —  d.  Insipidus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Lactens.  Chyluria — d.  Mellitus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Spurius,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Ureal,  see  Diabetes  — 
d.  Verus,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABET'IC,    Diabe'ticus,   (F.)  Diabttique. 
Same  etymon.     Relating  to  diabetes. 
Diabetic  Spgar,  see  Glucose. 
DIABOT'AXUM,   from    8ia,   and  Poravn,   'an 
herb.'    A  medicine,  prepared  with  herbs. — Galen. 
DIABROSIS,  Erosion,  Corrosion. 
DIABRO'TICUS,  from  6ia,  and  0ou<tku.  'I  eat 
i|  or  corrode.'     A  substance,  capable  of  causing  ero- 
sion of  the  part  to  which  it  is  applied.     It  ordi- 
narily means  a  medicine,  whose  activity  places  it 
between  escharotics  and  caustics.    See  Corrosive. 
DIACAR'YOX,  from  cia,  and  Kapvov,  'a  nut.' 
Rob  nucum.     The  rob  of  nuts  or  of  walnuts. 
DIACASSIA  CUM  MAXXA,  Confectio  cassfe* 
DIACATHOL'ICOX,  Diacathol'icum,  from  <5i,i, 
and  Ka$o\tKos,  'universal.'     The  name  of  a  purge, 
so  called  from  its  general  usefulness.     It  was  an 
electuary,  and  composed  of  the  pulp   of  cttw  ■'". 
tamarinds,  leaves  of  senna,  root  of  polypody,  fotr- 
ers    of   the    violet,  rhubarb    root,  aniseed,  sugar, 
liquorice,  and  fennel. 

DIACAU'SIS,  from  StaKaiu,  (8ia,  and  khim.)  'I 
burn  through.'  Excestive  heat.  Over-heating. 
DIACAUST'IC,  Diucait8t'icu8.  Same  etymoo. 
!  That  which  is  caustic  by  refraction  :  as  a  double 
j  convex  lens,  which  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
|  cauterizing  an  ulcer  by  directing  the  sun's  rays 
i  upon  it. 

DIACELTATESSOX  PARACELSI,  Pulvis 
■  Cornachini. 

DIACHALASIS,  from  SiaXa\attv,  (6ia,  and 
j  xaWn',)  '  to  be  open  or  relaxed.'  Hippocrates  uses 
;  this  word  for  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  skull  J 
]  or  for  relaxation  and  separation  of  the  sutures,  in 
'  consequence  of  a  wound  of  the  head.  —  Hippo* 
I  crates. 


DIACIIALCITEOS 


2  01 


DIALEPSIS 


DIACIIALCITEOS.    from    ha,   and    Jf^wnt, 
•ebalcitis  or  eolcothar.'     A  plaster,  whoso  omav- 

position    is    the    same  as  that    of    the  diapaltna, 
that,   in   place  of  the  sulphate  of  line,  a 
mixture  of  oil  ami  eoleothar  is  substituted. 

DIACHBIRIS'MOS,   Diaekeir'<n$t   Tractettio 
mnuiKi'rin,  from  ha,  and  XCIP'  '  tne   n:in''-'     '^ne  , 

LtioB,   administration,   and    dispensing  of 
medicines.— Hippocrates. 

I » I  \CH'  ill  KM  \.  />'  i    '  m  'tis,  from  haxupto). 

:*,   -I   retire,')    '  I    separate    from.' 

i  ireted  matter  and  excretion  : 

hut  more  particularly  the  faces  and  alvine  exere- 

tion. — FoCsius,  (J-rr.iu-.      Bee  Kxerement. 

BO&ZM  v  Xysmatodes,  see  Rauienta  intes- 
tinuruin. 

DIACHORBSIS,  Excretion. 
Dl  ICHRI8I8,  Inunction. 
I>I  ACHRIST'A,  from  ha,  and  \Plu>'  '  *  anoint' 
ipplied  as  abstergents  to  the  velum 
pidati,   the  palate   itself,  the  tongue,   Ac      Pro- 
mina. 
DIACH'TLON,  Diach'ylum,  Emplat'trum  <lin- 
ach'ylmi,   from  ha.  and  \v\oi,  '  juice  ;'   i.  e.  euiii- 
I'he  plaster  of  this  name  was 
-  v   made   of   certain  juices.      The  term  is 
mfined    to    the    Emplastklm    Plumbi    or 
Lead  I' 

I>  \.  STYLOS  <i  \t  GrMMi,  Emplastrum  gumrao- 
Mim — </.  Oommi,  Emplastrum  cum  gummi-resinis 
— il.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gummosutu — d.  Magnum 
i-ii:n  rusami,  Bmplastram gslbani comp. — d.  Sim- 
Emplastruna  plumbi — d.  White,  Emplastrum 
plumbi — d.  Yellow,  Emplastrum  gummosum. 

DIACHYT'ICA,   from    ha,   and  xvu>>  'I  pour 
out,'  '  I  melt.'    Medicines  which  discuss  tumours. 
DIACINE'MA,  from  Sia,  and  kivcw,  'I  move.' 
A  slight   dislocation. —  Celsus,   Galen.     A   sub- 
lux r 

DIA0LA8I8,  Refraction. 

1)1  \<  'LYSIS,  Diaclge'mue,  from  iia,  and  k\v- 
i  out.'     Rinsing  or  cleansing — espe- 
cially of  tin-  mouth. 

J>I  ICLYS1I  \.  Gargarism. 
DIACOCCYMELON,  Diaprunum. 
DIACODION,  Syrupus  papaveris. 
DIACO'D]  I  M,  ( '"a  f'  r'tio  ex  Capit'ibuePaptu/- 
erii,   from   ha,  and  Kutha,  'a  poppy  head.'     (F.) 
Tin-   ancients    had   various   forms   for 
preparing  it.     The  Syrup  of  Poppies — Sgru'pus 
-eu  Diacu'dion —  is   now  substituted 
lor  it. 

I»I  kCOPE,Abscission,  Dissection.  Intersection. 

D14  '.  from  ha,  and  ko-tuv,  'to 

cut.'     A   cut,   incision,   fissure,  or  longtitudinal 

When   used,  since  Galen,  it  generally 

lies  an  oblique  incision,  made  in  the  cranium 

sharp  instrument,  without  the  piece  heing 

removed.      It  is  not  now  employed. 

Diao'opI  Cra'nii,  Pratcis'io  seu  Dis*er'ti<> 
Ora'nii.  Opening  the  head;  and  separation  of 
the  bones  of  tlo-  cranium. 

DIACOPRJB'GIA,    from    ha,   Kovpoi,   '  exere- 
and    ai£,  aiyo;,  '  a    goat.'      A    nam.-    given, 

in  Blaaeard'i  Lexicon,  to  a  medicine,  eompoeed 
it's  dang,  which  the  ancieati  praisad  in  dis- 
eases of  the  spleen,  parotids,  Ac. 

DIACRI8ES,  from  ha,  and  *  im#,  '  I  separate.' 
-  characterized  by  alterations 
"••tion — Qendrin. 

1'  IACH  tSIOG'RAPHT,  Dieujrieiograpk'ia, 

m.  '  a  descrip- 
tion.'    A  description  of  the  oi  retion. 


DIACRIT'ICA  SIG'XA.  Sameetymot.  Signs 
by  which  one  disease  can  he  accurately  discrimi- 
nated from  another, — dijferem'tial  dimgno'ne. 

DIACYDONITE8,  Cydoniatam. 

DIADE'MA,     Fascia    <<ij,'tt;*,    Redimiefulmm, 
I  from  SiaiiiMt,   (Sia,  and   hu,   "to    hind.')     '  I  bind 
round.'     A  sort  of  bandage;  advised  in  headaehi 
in   which    relaxation   of  the   sutures    was   appre- 
hended.—  Forestua. 

DIADE11MI ATRIA,  Endermic  method. 

DIADEX'18,    Diad'oeki,    Mdatopto'sis,    from 
hahxoftat,  (Sia,  and  r^u/iut,  '  to  take  or  ree 
'I  transfer,'  "I  succeed  to.'     A  transformation  of 
a  disease   into  another,  differing  from  the  former 
both  in  its  nature  and  seat. 

DIADOCHE,  Diadexis. 

DIAD'OSIS,  from  otahbumt,  '  to  distribute.'  In 
some  authors,  it  means  the  distribution  of  nutri- 
tive matter  over  the  whole  body, — in  other  word-, 
nutrition  ;  whilst,  in  others,  it  is  synonymous  with 
the  remission  or  cessation  of  a  disease. 

DLEDOZ'US,  frotn<3i,  'double,' and  atSoia,  'the 
parts  of  generation.'  A  monster  whose  organs 
of  generation  and  urinary  bladder  are  double.  It 
has  only  been  observed  in  animals. 

I'LE'RESIS,  from  haipeu),  (ha,  and  aipeu,  'I 
take  away,')  '  I  divide,'  '  I  separate.'  A  division 
or  solution  of  continuity.  A  surgical  operation, 
which  consists  in  dividing  any  part  of  the  body. 
Ha  inurrhnij"in per  di at' resin  is  hemorrhage  owing 
to  separation  or  division  of  vessels. 

Diuresis  Unguis,  Onychoptosis. 

DliERETICUS,  Caustic. 

DIJETA,  Diet— d.  Lactea,  Galactodiaeta. 

DI^ETE'MA,  has  the  same  signification  as 
i  diet,  with  most  authors.  Galen  gives  it  a  more 
extensive  meaning,  comprising,  under  it,  what 
constitutes  Hygiene. 

DI^ETETICA,  Dietetics. 

DIAGNOSE,  Diagnosticate. 

DIAGXO'SIS,  Digno'tlO,  Diagnos'tici,   Drjirc- 

hen'sio,  from  ha,  and  yivu>oKu,  *I  know.'  Discri- 
mination, (F.)  Diagnose,  Diagnostique.  That  part 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  discrimination  of 
diseases,  and  the  knowledge  of  the  pathognomonic 
signs  of  each.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  general  pathology. 

Diagnosis,  Diffrurntiai.,  see  Diacritica  signa. 

DIAGXOS'TIC,  Dincreti'vua,  Distgnos'ticus ; 
V.  |  Diagnoetique.  Same  etymon.  A  symptom 
which  is  characteristic  of  a  disease. 

DIAGNOSTICATE,  —  sometimes  iliarfno*e. 
To  discriminate  one  disease  or  phenomenon  from 
another. 

DIAGRYDIUM,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

DlAOBYD'lCM  I'vuovia'itm,  from  diagrydium, 
'scammony,'  and  egdonimm,  'quince.'  A  phar- 
maceutical preparation,  obtained  by  inspissating 
and  drying,  by  means  of  heat,  two  parts  of  eoanr- 
uitmif,  and  one  of  quince  juice.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  energetic  purgative. 

Diagrtd'idm  Qlvcvrrhiza'tum.  An  analo- 
gous preparation,  containing  extract  of  liquorice 

in  place  of  quince  juice. 

l>i  LGRTD'ltTN  Sri.PHfJtA'Tt'M.  Scammony, 
which  has  i.e.. M  exposed  In  the  vapour  of  burning 
sulphur.     These  dingrydia  are  qo!  now  i 

DIM. I'll". -IS.  A  pyrexia,  Intermission. 

DIALETPTB  \.  Intermittent   fever. 

I>I  U.KMM  \.  Apyrezia. 
DIALEP'SIS,  In' <i <i p'tio,  from  itaXapfi ivw,  ' I 
intercept.'  —  Bippocrates  employs  this  word  for 


DIALIPSIS 


292 


DIAPHRAGMATIC 


the  interstices,  or  intervals,  left  between  the  turns  I 
of  a  bandage. 

DIALIPSIS,  A  pyrexia,  Intermissio. 

DIAL'YSIS,  Dissolu'tio,  from  Sia,  and  h<ois,  ' 
'solution.'      A  dissolution  or    loss    of   strength; 
Jiesolu'tio    vir'inm.      Weakness    of    the    limbs. 
Also,  a  solution  of  continuity. 

D I AM A  XT,  Diamond. 

DIAMASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

DIAM'BRiE  SPE'CIES.  A  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  powders,  one  of  which  bore  the 
name  —  Spe'cies  diam'brce  sine  odora'tis, —  the 
other,  that  of  Spe'cies  diam'brce  cu7n  odora'tis. 
The  former  was  composed  of  cinnamon,  angelica 
root,  cloves,  mace,  nutmeg,  galanga,  cardamom, 
and  numerous  other  substances;  the  latter,  be- 
sides, had  ambergris  and  musk.  These  powders 
■were  used  as  tonics,  in  cases  of  debility  of  the 
stomach,  and  in  certain  nervous  affections. 

DIAMETERS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

DIAMXES,  Enuresis. 

DI'AMOXD,  Ad'amaa,  (from  a,  privative,  and 
SafjLuo).  'I  conquer.')  'Invincible;'  (F.)  Diamant. 
So  called  from  its  hardness.  It  is  the  most  pre- 
cious of  ail  stones,  and  was  formerly  conceived 
to  possess  extraordinary  cordial  virtues. 

DIAMO'RUM,  Rob  ex  moris,  from  Sea,  and 
fjLuypov,  '  a  mulberry.'  An  ancient  syrup  prepared 
with  honey  and  mulberry  juice.  It  was  employed 
as  a  gargle  in  sore  throat. — Galen. 

DIAMOTO'SIS,  from  poros,  '  charpie,' '  lint.' 
The  introduction  of  lint  into  an  ulcer  or  wound. 

DIANA,  Argentum. 

DIANANCAS'MUS,  from  Sia,  and  avay<c-a£w, 
'  I  force.'  Coaptation,  reduction  of  a  fractured 
or  luxated  limb. 

DIAXOEMA,  Imagination. 

DIAX'THUS  CARYOPHYL'LUS,  from  Aij, 
Aios,  'Jove.'  [?]  av%g,  '  flower,'  and  carybphyllnm, 
'  the  clove.'  Clove  Pink.  Also  called  Caryo- 
phyl'lum  rnbrunt,  Tu'nica,  T.  horten' sis  seu  rubra, 
Caryophyl'lus  horten'sis,  Clove  July  flower,  Gil'- 
lifloicer,  Oarna'tiun,  (Sc.)  Jeroffleris,  Gerajlouris. 
Order,  Caryophylleaa.  (F.)  (Fillet  giroflee.  The 
flowers  were  once  much  used;  but  are  now  only 
employed  in  syrup,  as  a  useful  and  pleasant 
vehicle  for  other  medicines. 

DIAPAL'MA,  Pho?nic"ium  Emplas'trum.  A 
plaster  composed  of  equal  parts  of  litharge,  olive 
oil,  axunge,  icater,  a  certain  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  dissolved  in  water,  and  white  xcax.  It  is 
classed  amongst  the  topical,  desiccative,  emol- 
lient, resolvent,  detersive,  and  cicatrizing  medi- 
cines. Mixed  with  a  quarter  of  its  weight  of 
olive  oil,  it  acquires  the  consistence  of  an  oint- 
ment, and  forms  the  Cerate  of  Diapal'ma. 

DIAPASMA,  Gatapasma. 

DIAPEDE'SIS,  Transuda'tio,  Persuda'tio, 
Persulta'tio,  from  8tairri5au>,  (8ia,  and  irrjdaio,)  'I 
leap  through.'  Exhalation,  as  of  blood,  in  the 
form  of  dew,  at  the  surface  of  the  skin,  or  of  any 
membrane  ;  Sweating  of  blood,  (F.)  Sueur  de  Sang, 
Hcemorrhag"ia  per  diapede'sin,  Hcematopede'sis, 
H&midro'sis. 

DIAPEXSIA  CORTUSA,  Sanicula. 

DIAPEX'TES  or  DIAPEXTE,  from  ha,  and 
ittvTrj,  '  five.'  A  medicine  composed  of  five  in- 
gredients.    See  Diatessaron. 

DIAPHGE'XICOX,  Biaphce'nix,  Medicamen'- 
tum  ex  Pal'mulis,  from  Sia,  and  0omf,  (poiviKos,  'a 
date.'  A  drastic  electuary,  of  which  the  date  was 
the  chief  excipient. 

DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  otafapeu  (Sia,  and 
ipopeu,  '  I  convey,')  '  I  dissipate.'  (F.)  Diapho- 
rese.    A  greater  degree  of  perspiration  than  natu- 


ral, but  less  than  in  sweating.  Every  kind  of 
cutaneous  evacuation. 

DIAPHORETTC.  Same  etymon.  JDiapno'- 
icus,  Diaphoret'icus,  (F.)  Diaphoretique.  A 
medicine  which  excites  diaphoresis.  Diaphore- 
tics are  very  uncertain  as  a  class.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  most  reputed : — Ammonite  AcetatU 
Liquor;  Ammonite  Carbonas  ;  Antimoniaiis  pu!- 
vis;  Antimonii  et  Potassae  Tartras  ;  Antinionii 
Suiphuretum  prcecipitatum  ;  Asclepias  tuberosa  ; 
Camphora;  Contrayerva ;  Dulcamara;  Eupato- 
rium  perfoliatum  ;  Guaiaci  Lignum  ;  Guaiacum  ; 
Ipecacuanha;  Mezereum ;  Opium,  and  its  active 
principle  Morphia;  Sarsaparilla;  Sassafras  :  Ser- 
pentaria;  Spiritus  iEtheris  Xitrici  ;  Sulphur; 
Xanthoxylum;  Caloric;  Exercise,  (active ;)  and 
Friction. 

The  epithet  Diaphoretic  has  also  been  given, 
by  some,  to  continued  fever,  accompanied  with 
constant  perspiration. 

Diaphoretic,  Mineral,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

DIAPHORETICUM  JOYIALE,  see  Anti- 
hectic. 

DI'APHRAGM,  Diaphrag'ma,  Diaphrax'is, 
Respirato'rium  Ventris,  Discreto'rium,  Phrenex, 
Septum  transfer' sum,  Discri'men  Thora'ei*  tt 
Ventris,  Disceptum,  Cine'tus,  JJiazo'ma,  Pra>~ 
cinc'tus,  Diazos'ma,  Diazos'tra,  Hypezo'cus,  Hy- 
pozo'ma,  Perizo'ma.  Dissep'tum,  Dissip'ium.  Pra>- 
cor'dia,  Succin'gens  membra'na  seu  mus'culus, 
Succinc'tus,  Succinctu'ra,  the  Midriff,  (Prow) 
Heartscirts,  from  6ta,  'between,'  and  ippaoou,  'I 
close.'  A  large,  azygous  muscle  ;  stretched  trans- 
versely between  the  thoracic  and  abdominal  ca- 
vities, which  it  separates  from  each  other;  tendi- 
nous in  the  centre;  thin,  almost  circular,  and  un- 
equally convex,  upwards.  It  is  fleshy  at  its  cir- 
cumference, which  is  attached  to  the  cartilago 
ensiformis,  to  the  last  six  ribs,  to  the  aponeurosis 
stretched  from  the  last  rib  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cess of  the  first  lumbar  vertebra  ;  and,  lastly,  to 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  or  four  lumbar  verte- 
bra?, When  it  contracts,  its  fibres  become  straight, 
the  chest  is  enlarged,  and  the  abdomen  dimin- 
ished. It  is  then  an  inspiratory  muscle.  It  may, 
also,  diminish  the  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  be 
an  expiratory  muscle.  The  muscle  plays  an  im- 
portant part  in  sighing,  yawning,  coughing,  sneez- 
ing, laughing,  sobbing,  crying,  hiccoughing,  sing- 
ing, vomiting,  and  excretion  of  the  faeces  and 
urine,  the  expulsion  of  the  fcetus,  &c. 

DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS,  see  Tympanum— d. 
Cerebri,  Tentorium  —  d.  Xarium,  Septum  narium 
—  d.  Yentriculorum  lateralium  cerebri,  Septum 
lucidum. 

DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,  Diaphragmatal'gia, 
from  8ia<ppayiia,  SiafipaynaTos,  '  the  diaphragm,' 
and  aXyos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATALGIA.  Diaphrairmal^ia. 

DIAPHRAGMATTC,  Diaphragmat'icus,  (F.) 
Diaphragmatique.  Belonging  to  the  diaphragm. 
A  name  given  to  several  vessels  and  nerves. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phrexic  Ar'teries.  These 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
former,  called,  also,  supradiaphragmatic,  are 
two  in  number,  one  on  each  side.  They  arise  from 
the  internal  mammary,  and  descend  along  the 
phrenic  nerve,  to  be  distributed  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  diaphragm.  The  latter  or  infra- 
diaphragmat'ic  are  also  two  in  number.  They 
arise  from  the  upper  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta, 
or  from  the  cceliac  artery,  and  divide  into  two 
principal  branches,  which  are  distributed  on  the 
lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  and  in  its  sub- 
stance. 

The  superior  diaphragmat'ic  veins  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries,  and  empty  them- 
selves—  the   right,  into  the  vena  cava  superior  $ 


DIAPHRAGM  A  TIT  IS 


203 


DIARTIIRODIAL 


the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein.  II 
The  two  inferior  diaphragmatic  vein*  open  into  : 
the  vena  cava  inferior. 

Diaphragmatic  Hkr'nia,  Phrenic  Hernia, 
"Diaphragmatoce'U.  The  abdominal  viscera  are 
occasionally  protruded  through  the  diaphragm, 
either  through  some  of  the  natural  aperture!  in 
the  muscle,  >>r  through  deGcieueies,  or  wounds, 
ur  lacerations  in  it. 

Diaphbaqmat'ig  <>r  Phrenic  Nerves,  Inter- 
tpiratory  of  Sir  Diaries  Bell,  are  two  in 
Dumber;  one  on  the  left  side,  the  other  on  the 
right  They  arise  from  the  second  and  third 
of  i he  cervical  plexus,  about  the  middle 
of  the  neck,  and  receive  two  or  three  filaments 
from  the  brachial  plexus,  after  which  they  de- 
scend into  the  chest  at  the  sides  of  the  pericar- 
dium, and  are  distrihuted  on  the  diaphragm. 

Diapiiragmat'io  Pi.kx'isks  are  two  in  num- 
ber; one  right,  and  the  other  left.  They  arise 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  solar  plexus,  by  a 
small  number  of  branches,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  diaphragm,  following  exactly  the  branches 
of  the  inferior  diaphragmatic  arteries. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Ring,  (F.)  Anmeem  diaphrag- 
lunti'i'ie  of  Chaussier.  is  a  name  given  to  the 
Irregularly  quadrilateral  aperture  by.  which  the 
vena  cava  inferior  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 
DIAPHRAGMATITIS,  Diaphragmitis. 
DIAPHRAGMATOCELE,  see  Hernia. 
DIAPHRAGMI'TIS,  from  ha^ayna,  'the  dia- 
phragm.' and  itie,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Diaphragmati'tie,  Tufiamma'tio  septi  trcme- 
rer'iti,  Paraphreni'tis,  Einpremna  Pleuri'ti*  Dia- 
phragmat'ica,  Paraphrene'eie  Diaphragmat1 ica , 
inflammation  of  the  Di'aphragm.  The  terms, 
J'arajthreni'tis  and  Paraphrene'sia  have  been 
obtained  from  the  Peripatetic  philosophy,  which 
supposed  the  seat  of  the  <ppuv  or  soul  to  be  the 
prsscordia.  The  essential  symptoms  of  diaphrag- 
mitis are  : — painful  constriction  around  the  prie- 
oordia,  with  small,  quick,  laborious  breathing.  It 
i-  a  rare  disease. 

DIAPHRATTON  HYMEN,  Mediastinum— d. 

ibrana,  Mediastinum. 
DIAPHRAXIS,  Diaphragm. 
DIAPH'THORA,    Dentruc'tio,    from    ha,    and 
$$apctv,   'to    corrupt.'      Corruption    in    general; 
more  especially  corruption  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
— Hippocrates.     Also,  corruption  of  the  blood  in 
the  stomach. — Galen.     See  Abortion. 
DIAPBYLACTIC,  Prophylactic. 
DIAPH'YSIS,  from  6ia<pvu>,  'I  rise  between.' 
Inter  ttit"inm,  Diecrimina'tio :  'an  interstice,  in- 
terval, division.'     Any  thing  that  separates  two 
Also,  the  middle  part  or  body  of  a  long 
bone,  Corpus  0**ia.     One  of  the  ligaments  of  the 
—  Hippocrates,  Par6. 
DIA'PIA.     Some  lexicographers  use  this  word 
synonymously  with    Diapyksis   or  SUPPURATION, 
Others  have  employed  it  in  opposition  to  Myopia. 
I>I  IPLASIS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 
DIAPLASMUS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 
DIAPNBUSIS,  Perspiration. 
DIAPNOE,  Perspiration. 
]>I  IPNCEA,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNOGBNOUS   APPARATUS,   see   Per- 
spiration. 

DIAPNOICUS,  Diaphoretic. 

DIAPOPHT8ES,  Transverse  processes  of  the 

vertebrae. 

DIAPORE'MA.    Anxiety,   jactitation;    from 

liawoyto),  '  I  doubt.' 
DIAPRL 'N L'M,  Diacoceyme'lon.    A  purgative 


electuary,  Of  which  the  pulp*  of  prune*  and  rhu- 
barb formed  the  basis.  By  adding  to  the  dim- 
prunum  eimpltx  a  24th  part  of  powdered  seam- 

nioiiy.  the  Diapru' Hum  rceoluti' rum  <vn  compoe*' 
itum  was  formed.  It  was,  more  active  than  the 
former. 

DIAPYEMA,  Empyema,  Suppuration. 

DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration  — d.  Oculi,  Hypo- 
pyon. 

DIAPYET'ICA,  Vyapye'mata,  from  iiamtpa, 
<xKi-vij(Tii,  (ttm,  and  rrvov,  'pus,')  'suppuration.' 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration. 

DIAPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

D  I A  11  X  '  M  I  A,  (F.)  Diarimic,  from  ha, 
'through,'  peu>,  'I  flow,'  ami  laipa,  'blood.1  A 
pathological  condition,  said  to  be  common  in 
sheep,  in  which  the  globules  of  the  blood  arc  di- 
minished in  quantity;  the  blood  itself  thinner, 
and  transuding  through  the  coats  of  the  vessels 
into  the  cavities. — Delafore. 

DIAREMIE,  Diaraemia. 

DIARIA,  Ephemera. 

DIARRHAGE,  Fracture. 

DIARRHGE'A,  from  ha,  'through,'  and  p«w, 
'I  flow.'  Enterorrhae'a,  Incontinentia  alvi,  Alvi, 
projlu'vium  seu  fluxus  aquo'*us,  Ventrix  prqfiu'- 
vium,  Coeliorrhae'a,  Ccrliol'y*i*,  Alms  eita,  Caca- 
to'ria,  Coprorrhee'a,  Qatar' rhut  wteetina'lie,  Alvi 
fluxu*,  Rheuma,  Epiph'ora  Alvi,  Fluxut  alvi'mu, 
Lax'itaa  alvi,  Dejlux'io,  Lax,  Looeeneee,  Purging, 
Scouring,  (Sc.)  Scour,  (Prov.)  Hay,  Scutter, 
Skitter,  (F.)  Diarrhee,  Devoicment,  Catarrhe  ih  - 
testinal,  Flux  de  Ventre,  Court  de  Ventre,  Cou- 
rante.  A  disease  characterized  by  frequent  liquid 
alvine  evacuations,  and  generally  owing  to  in- 
flammation or  irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  intestines.  It  is  commonly  caused  by 
errors  in  regimen,  the  use  of  food  noxious  by  its 
quality  or  quantity,  &c,  constituting  the  Diar- 
rhee'a  atercora'ria.  D.  Crapulo'sa  of  writers.  It 
may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Many  varieties  have 
been  made  by  some  nosologists — e.  g.  mucous, — 
Diarrhce'a  muco'aa,  Blennoche'aia,  Blennoche'zia, 
Mycodiarrhoe'a  ;  bilious,  —  Ileo-cholo'aia,  Diar- 
rhce'a bilio'sa  ;  serous, — Htjdroche'zia,  Bydrodi- 
arrhce'a,  Orrhoche'zia ;  dependent  upon  the 
matters  evacuated.  Diarrhoea  requires  different 
treatment,  according  to  its  nature.  If  caused,  as 
it  often  is,  by  improper  matters  in  the  intestinal 
canal,  these  must  be  evacuated  ;  and  the  astrin- 
gent plan  of  treatment  must  not  be  adopted,  unless 
the  discharges  seem  kept  up  by  irritability  of  the 
intestines,  or  unless  they  are  colliquative.  The 
indiscriminate  use  of  astringents  is  to  be  depre- 
cated. 

A  very  fatal  diarrhoea  prevails  amongst  the 
native  inhabitants  of  India,  to  which  Mr.  Tytl.r 
has  given  the  name  Diarrhce'a  hec'tica,  because, 
like  hectic  fever,  it  seems  to  obtain  habitual  pos- 
session of  the  constitution,  to  operate  upon  it 
with  scarcely  any  perceptible  intermission,  and, 
in  general,  to  defy  the  moat  powerful  remedies. 

DlARRHCBA  APIPOSA,  (i 'ra*-f,n dure  —  d.  cum 
Apepsil,  Lientery  —  d.  Afthritica,  Coeliagra  —  d. 
Piliosa,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  Carnosa,  Dysentery — ■ 
d.  Chylosa,  Coeliac  flux — d.  Chymosa,  Coeliac  Box 
— d.  Crapulosa,  see  Diarrhoea  —  d.  Cruenta.  ll;e- 
matochezia — d.  Dyspeptica,  Lientery — d.  Hepa- 
tica,  HepatirrhoM — d.  [ngestornm,  Lientery — d. 
Lienteria,  Lientery — d.  Mucosa,  see  Diarrhoea— 
d.  Purulenta,  Pyochezia — d.  Sanguinolenta,  Ha»- 
matochezia — d.  Stercoraria,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  in 
Urina,  Diabetes — d.  Urinosa,  Diabetes. 

DIAREHOlS'CHESIS,  from  Diarrhea,  and 
a\tan,  'arrest.'     Arrest  of  a  diarrhoea. 

DIARTHRO'DIAL,  Diarthrodia'lie,  Relating 


DIARTHROSIS 


294 


DIASTOLE 


to  diarthrosis  or  movable  articulations;  as  diar- 
thro'dial  articulation.  Diarthro'dial  cartilages 
or  incriurting  cartilages  are  the  cartilages  which 
invest  the  articular  extremities  of  bones. 

DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  oiapSpou,  (ha,  and 
ap6po(o,)  •  I  articulate.'  Dearticula'tio,  Prosar- 
thro'sis,  Aparthro'sis,  Abarticula'tio,  Coarticula'- 
tio,  Perarticula'tio,  Rota'tio,  (F.)  Embotture.  A 
movable  articulation.  One  which  permits  the 
bones  to  move  freely  on  each  other  in  every  di- 
rection, as  in  the  case  of  the  shoulder  joint. 

DIASATYR'ION,  from  ha,  and  aarvptov,  'the 
orchis  maacula.'  An  electuary,  of  which  this 
plant  formed  the  basis.  [?] — MyVepsus.  The  an- 
cients attributed  to  it  the  faculty  of  exciting  the 
organs  of  generation. 

DIASCINCI  ANTIDOTUS,  Mithridate. 

DIASCOR'DIUM,  from  ha,  and  oKopSiov,  'the 
water  germander.'  An  electuary,  so  called  be- 
cause this  plant  entered  into  its  composition. 
The  Parisian  codex  had  a  formula  for  its  prepa- 
ration, under  the  title,  Electua' rium  opia'tum  as- 
trin' gens  seu  diascor'dium.  (R.  fol.  scord.  ^iss, 
rosar.  rubr.,  bistort,  rad.,  gentiance,  torment  ill 'ce, 
8em.  berber.  aa  t^ss,  zingib.,  piper,  long,  aa  gij, 
cassias,  lignece,  cinnamom.,  dictamn.  Cretens.,  sty- 
rac.  calamit.,  gtdban.,  gum.  acacice  aa  3?s,  bol. 
oriental,  prapar.  ^ij,  extract,  vinos,  opii.  £ij,  mel. 
rosat.  pr&p.  ft»ij,  vin.  hispan.  Ibss:  fiat  electua- 
riura.)  In  place  of  the  styrax  c<damita,  the  bal- 
sam of  tolu  or  benjamin  may  be  used.  The  opium 
is,  in  this  preparation,  in  the  proportion  of  1  to 
184.  The  diascordiutn  is  employed  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery,  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and  astrin- 
gent. The  common  dose  is  from  a  scruple  to  a 
drachm  and  a  half.  See  Pulvis  cretae  com- 
positus. 

DIASOSTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIASPASIS,  Divulsio. 

DIASPER'MATON,  from  ha,  and  ontpua, 
cTtpnaTos.  The  ancient  name  of  two  cataplasms, 
composed  of  seeds. — Galen,  Paulus. 

DIASPHYX'IS,  from  ha,  and  a<pv^,  '  I  strike, 
I  beat,'  Pulse.  Also,  a  violent  beat  of  the 
pulse. 

DIASTAL'TIC,  Diastal'ticus;  from  ha, 
'through,'  and  ortAXo),  'I  send.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  the  reflex  or  excito- 
jnotory  system  of  nerves ;  because  the  actions 
they  induce  are  performed  '  through'  the  spinal 
marrow  as  their  essential  centre. 

DIASTALTICUS,  Diastolic. 

DIASTASiE'MIA,  (F.)  Diastasimie,  from  haa- 
Taan,  'separation,'  and  'atpa,  'blood.'  A  patho- 
logical condition,  characterized  by  a  separation 
of  the  elements  of  the  blood  globules  ; — the  fibrin 
.and  albumen  separating  also  from  the  colouring 
matter,  whilst  the  fibrin  attaches  itself  to  the 
valves  of  the  heart. — Delafore. 

DIASTASE.  Same  etymon  as  Diastasis.  A 
vegetable  principle,  allied  in  its  general  proper- 
ties to  gluten,  which  appears  in  the  germination 
of  barley  and  other  seeds,  and,  by  its  presence, 
converts  the  starch  into  sugar  and  gum. 

DIASTASEMIE,  Diastassemia. 

DIAS'TASIS,  from  ha,  and  terrain,  'to  place,' 
'separation,'  'distance.'  Diaste'ma,  Dissiden'tia. 
A  separation  of  bones,  and  particularly  of  the 
bones  of  the  cranium,  from  each  other;  of  the 
radius  from  the  ulna,  and  the  fibula  from  the 
tibia.  The  ancients  used  this  word  to  designate 
the  three  dimensions  of  the  body, — length, 
breadth,  and  thickness  ;  for  the  interval  separat- 
ing the  patient  from  the  physician ;  the  swelling 


of  varicose  veins  ;  the  time  at  which  some  change 
occurred  in  disease,  Ac. 

DIASTEMA,  Diastasis,  Interstice. 

DIASTEMATELYT'RIA,  from  haarWa,  'in- 
terstice,' and  t\vrpov,  'vagina.'  An  organic  de- 
viation, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division 
or  fissure  of  the  vagina. — Breschet. 

DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from  liaartijia, 

and  tyKZ(pa\o<;,  'the  brain.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  brain. 
— Breschet. 

DIASTEMA'TIA,  from  haarn^a.  A  term  em- 
ployed by  Breschet  for  an  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  fissure  in  the 
mesial  line  of  the  body. 

DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA,  from  haaTWa,  and 
Kav'Xoi,  'trunk.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  trunk. 

DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA,  from  haarnpa,  and 
^tiXos,  'the  lip.'  An  organic  deviation,  consist- 
ing in  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
lip. 

DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA,  from  haarv^n,  and 
Kpaviov,  '  the  cranium.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA,  from  havr^a,  and 
kvotis,  'bladder.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA,  from  Juumpa,  and 
yaarrjp,  'the  stomach.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
stomach. 

DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA,  from  hacrrjfia,  and 
y\wcoa,  'tongue.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
tongue. 

DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA,  from  haorWa, 
and  yvaOos,  'jaw.'  An  organic  deviation  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  jaw. 

DIASTEMATOME'TRIA,  from  haorwa,  and 
firjrpa,  'womb.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
womb. 

DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA,  from  hacrnpa,  and 
nvt\og,  'pelvis.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of 
the  pelvis. 

DIASTEMATORA'CHIA,  from  itaarvpa,  and 
pa%is,  'spine.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
spine. 

DIASTEMATORHFNIA,  from  haarnpa,  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  nose. 

DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA,  from  iiaornpa, 
and  oTacpv\r),  'uvula.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
uvula. 

DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA,  from  haarr^a,  and 
artpvov,  'the  sternum.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
sternum. 

DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from  Siaem/ia,  and 
tvTtpov,  'intestine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  in- 
testine. 

DIAS'TOLE,  from  haortWu,  (ha  and  crfAAw, 
'  I  send,')  '  I  dilate/  '  I  open.'  Relaxa'tio  seu 
Remis'sio  cordis  et  arteria'rum.  Dilatation  of 
the  heart  and  arteries,  when  the  blood  enters 
their  cavities.  It  is  th«  opposite  movement  to 
systole,  in  which  the  heart  and  arteries  contract 


DIASTOLEUS 


DI  DYMUS 


to  send  forth  the  hlood.     Diastole  and  systole  are, 

icntiy,  successive    movements.    Diastole, 

■  dituUd'iietu,  ocean  simultaneously 

in  the  two  ventricle.      The  almost   inappreciable 

time,    which    elapses    between    tlie    diastole    and 

baa   been    called   perieye'toU,   and   that 


which     gueeeedl     to     the     diastole,    )>cr 


diastole. 


When  we  speak  of  the  contraction  or  tystole  of 
the  heart,  as  well  as  of  its  diaetole  or  dilatation^ 

va  that  of  the  ventricles.     This  dilatation 
.  e. 
Dl  ISTOLEUS,  Dilator. 

DIAS'  T  0  L  1  C,  Diaitol'icut,  Diastal'ticus  ; 
.«•,,,.,•  etymon.  Belonging  to  the  diastole  of  the 
heart — as  •diastolic  Impulse  of  the  heart.' 

DiaST  'i .id  Ivitlse  of  the  Heart,  see  Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 

DIASTOMO'TRIS,    from    haarouom,   (ha.    and 
eroua,  •mouth.')     'I  dilate  an  aperture.'     Dilat- 
struments,  such  as  the  different  kinds  of 
ipeeula  for  the  mouth,  anus,  vagina,  <fcc. 

DIASTREMMA,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

1  >  1  A  S  T  R  0  P  H  E ,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

DIAT'ASIS,  Disten'sio,  from  Siaruvu),  (Sia, 
and  niu,  'I  stretch.')  'I  distend.'  Tension. 
The  reduction  of  a  fracture  by  extension  and 
counter-extension, 

]>I  LTES'SARON,  from ha,  and  rcatjapts,  'four.' 
An  electuary,  into  the  composition  of  which  en- 
tered  four  medicines;   viz.  the  roots  of  gentian, 
mrietolockia   rotunda   and   bay-berries,    each   gy. 
It.ij.     The   whole  was    incorporated   with 
of  juniper.      The    diapentes    is    nothing 
more  than  this  electuary,  mixed  with  two  ounces 
of  ivory  shaving*.     The  diatessaron  is  tonic,  and 
formerly  employed  in  cases  of  stings  and 
bitt a  of  venomous  animals.     It  was  regarded  as 
ammenagogue,  alexiterial,  and  alexipharmic. 

DIATH'ESIS,  from  Siandriui,  (Sia,  and  nOtiui, 
'to  place,')  'I  dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu- 
tion, affection  of  the  body:  predisposition  to  cer- 
tain diseases  rather  than  to  others  ; — (F.)  Immi- 
norbide.  The  principal  diatheses,  men- 
tion.- d  by  authors,  are  the  canceroun,  scrofulous, 
psjorbutie,  rheumatic,  gouty  and  calculous. 

I>imiK-is     H.r.MoituHOiDALis,    see     Haemor- 

fhoidfl — d.  Hemorrhagic,  Heraatophilia — d.  Ner- 

N.-rvous  diathesis — d.  Purulenta,  see  Pyo- 

•  — d.     Rheumatic,    see     Rheumatic  —  d. 

Bthenica,  Sthenia. 

DIATRAGACANTHTJ8.      A    powder,    com- 

I  of  gum  tragacanth,  £\),  gum  Arabic,  gj  and 

3  oss'  liquorice,  ^iij,  as  much  of  the 

nelon,  and  white  poppy  ;  seeds  of  the 

telon,    cucumber,    and    gourd,    and    sugar 


"'.'/  5»J- 


It  was  used  as  a  demulcent. 


I) I  URESIS,  Perforation. 
DI  AHUM  MA,  Chafing. 
Dl  \TUINT3ANTAL0N,  see  Diatrion. 
DIATRI'ON,   Diatri'um,  from  ha,  and  rpas, 
'three.'     A  medicine  composed  of  three   ingre- 
dient-.    There   were    formerly    two    kinds.     The 
Aral  was   called  Diatri'um  I'ipe'reon  spe'ci< is,  and 
-me.!    of   black  and  long  pepper,  aniseed, 
and  ginger.     It   wai  highly  stimulating. 
-s  was  known   under  the  name, 
\$an' talon,    Diatri'um    Santalo'rum  pulvis, 
or  Powder  of  the  three  Sanders.     They  were  con- 
lidered  diaphoretic. 
Dl  VTKITA'RIT.    The  Methodists  were  so 
who    pretended   to   cure  all  diseases  by 
lubj    sting  the  patients  to  treatment  ever-  third 
day. 


DIAT'RITOS.  Relating  to  every  third  day, 
and  the  means  then  used  by  the  Methodists  to 
cure  disease. 

DIAZOMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOSMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOS'TER,  from  Sia^otvwui,  (ha,  and  (uv- 
lujii,  'to  gird,')  'I  surround.'  The  twelfth  ver- 
tebra of  the  back,  because  it  corresponds  to  the 
girdle,  faorrjp. 

DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm. 

DIBOTHRIUM      LATUM,     Bothrioeephalua 

latus. 

DICEN'TRA  CANADEN'SIS,  Cory'dalls  Ca- 
naden'tie,  (Su,  'twice,'  and  Kcvrpov,  'a  spur.') 
Squirrel  corn,  Colic  iceed.  Family,  Fumariacea1. 
An  indigenous  plant,  growing  from  Maine  to 
Wisconsin,  which  flowers  in  May,  the  flowers 
having  the  odour  of  hyacinths.  It  has  been 
given  internally  in  syphilis,  and  applied  exter- 
nally in  syphilis  and  gonorrhoea. 

DICEPHALIUM,  Bicephalium. 

DICEPH'ALUS,  Diceph'alus,  Derod'ymus  et 
1'i'id'ymus,  Janus,  from  St,  'double,'  and  Kt<$>a\n, 
'head.'     A  monster  with  two  heads. 

DICERAS  RUDIS,  Ditrachyceras  rudis,  see 
Worms. 

DICHALCON.  A  weight,  equal  to  a  third 
part  of  the  obolus. 

DICHOPHY'IA,  from  SiXa,  'double,'  and  $vu, 
'I  grow.'  A  disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they 
split  and  grow  forked. 

DICIIROMOS,  Verbena  officinalis. 

DICIATRIA,  Medicine,  legal. 

DICLIDOSTO'SIS,  from  itehf,  ' a  double 
door,'  and  octwo-jj,  '  ossification.'  Ossification  of 
valves — as  of  the  heart. 

DICLIS,  Valve. 

DICOR'YPHUS,  Dicra'nus,  from  h,  'double,' 
Kopv<j>r),  '  the  crown  of  the  head.'  A  monster  with 
a  double  vertex  or  cranium. 

Dicouyphus  Diuypogastrius,  Hemipages. 

DICRANUS,  Dicoryphus. 

DI'CROTUS,  Bisfer'iens,  from  hi,  'twice,'  and 
tcpoTiui,  'I  strike.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse, 
when  it  seems  to  beat  twice  as  fast  as  usual.  Tt 
is  synonymous  with  the  term  rebounding,  the 
artery  rebounding  after  striking,  so  as  to  con- 
vey the  sensation  of  a  double  pulsation.  It  has 
been  considered,  and  with  truth,  to  frequently 
foretell  hemorrhage.  In  bad  cases  of  typhus,  it 
certainly  announces  such  a  tendency. 

DICTAMNE,  Dictamnus  albus  —  d.  de  Crlte, 
Origanum  dictamnus. 

DICTAM'NUS  ALBUS,  from  Dictamnus,  a 
town  in  Crete ;  D.  Fraxinel'la,  FraxineUa,  F. 
Dictamnus,  White  Fraxinel'la,  Bastard  Dittany, 
(F.)  Dictamne,  Fraxinelle.  The  fresh  root  has 
been  considered  nervine,  anthelmintic,  and  em- 
menogogue.     It  is  not  used. 

Dictamnus  Cueticus,  Origanum  dictamnus  — 
d.  FraxineUa,  Dictamnus  albus. 

DICTYITIS,  Retinitis. 

DICTYON,  Rete. 

DIDELPHYS,  Dihysteria. 

DIDYMAL'GIA,  from  StSvuoi,  'the  testicles,' 
and  aXyoi  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  testicles. 

DIDYMIS,  Epididymis. 

DIDYMITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

DIDYMOS,  Gemellus. 

D  I  D  Y  M  II  S,  Testicle  —  d.  Symphyogastrius, 
Qastrodidymus  —  d.  Symphyohypogastrius,  Hy- 


DIECBOLION 


20G 


DIET 


pogastrodidymus —  d.  Symphyoperinaeus,  Pygo- 
didymus —  d.  Sycuphyothoraoogastrius,  Thoraco- 
gastrodidvmus. 

DIECBOL'ION,  from  8ta,  and  £*/3aA>w,  'I  cast 
out.'  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  remedy 
which  they  believed  capable  of  producing  abor- 
tion. 

DIERENBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Dierenbach  is  a  city  in  Bavaria,  two  leagues  from 
which  is  a  sulphurous  spring. 

DIERYIL'LA      TRIF'IDA,    D.     Cava  den' sis  ' 
geu    liittn,    Jiush     honeysuckle.       An     indigenous 
plant  of  the  Honeysuckle  tribe — Lonicereae.    Orel.  I 
CaprifoliacesB —  whose  flowers  appear  from  June 
to  August.     It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic;  and 
in  gonorrhoea  and  syphilis. 

DIES,  He'mera,  A  day,  (F.)  Jour.     The  day  \ 
is,  properly,  the  period  during  which  the  solar  j 
light  illumines  our  horizon  :  but  commonly,  also, 
we  designate  by  the  word  day  the  period  of  24  j 
hours  or  Nycthe'meron,  which   is  frequently   di- 
vided into  four  parts — morning,  midday,  evening, 
and    midnight.     In    antiquity,  great  importance 
was  attached  to  the  observation   of  days  in   dis- 
ease.    The   medical   day  is  usually  reckoned   at 
24  hours, — universally,  in  estimating  the  duration 
of  a  disease.     In  parts  of  the  United  States,  it 
comprises  only  the  time  when  the  sun  is  above 


the  horizon,  as  regards  the  administration  of 
medicine,  so  that  if  a  medicine  be  ordered  to  be 
taken  four  times  a  day,  it  is  understood  to  mean 
during  the  12  hours  of  day. 

DIES  Canicilares,  see  Canicula — d.  Contem- 
plabiles,  Critical  days  —  d.  Contemplantes,  Indi- 
cating days — d.  Critici,  Critical  days— d.  Deere- 
torii,  Critical  days  —  d.  Indicantes,  Indicating 
days — d.  Indicatorii,  Indicating  days — d.  Indices, 
Indicating  days  —  d.  Iuternuntii,  Critical  days  — 
d.  Judicatorii,  Critical  days — d.  Radicales,  Criti- 
cal days. 

DIET,  Dice'ta,  Dicete'ma,  Yictus  Ra'tio,  (F.) 
Diete.  Originally,  this  word  signified  nearly  the 
same  thing  as  Hygiene  and  Beyimen, — that  is, 
Diet  was  the  employment  of  every  thing  neces- 
sary for  the  preservation  of  health  and  fife.  At 
the  present  day,  it  signifies  a  particular  kind  of 
food,  and,  at  times,  a  privation  of  food  and  drink  ; 
—  abstinence.  To  put  any  one  upon  diet,  (F.) 
mettre  qnelqu'tm  a  la  diete,  means  to  deprive  him 
of  his  usual  nourishment:  —  milk  diet  means  a 
diet  of  milk,  &c.  See  Aliment,  Dietetics,  Hy- 
giene, and  Regimen. 

Every  well  regulated  hospital  has  certain  diete- 
tic regulations.  The  following  Table  of  Dietary 
shows  the  particular  regimen  that  has  been  se- 
lected for  the  sick,  in  certain  hospitals. 


DIET-TABLE    OF    DIFFERENT    HOSPITALS    OF    GREAT    BRITAIN,    IRELAND,    AND 

THE    UNITED    STATES. 


I.    ENGLAND. 

London    Hospitals, 

1.  London  Hospital. 


i 

COMMON  DIET. 

MIDDLE  DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

Per  Dai, \ 

12  or    Bread. 

■1  pint  Porter.  Men. 

S  or.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

1 

\h  pint  do.,   Women. 

lireakjast 

■  Gruel. 

Gruel. 

Gruel. 

' 

8  oz.  Beef,  with  Po-' 
tatoes,     thrice    a, 

week. 

The  same,  except 
that  4  oz.  of  Meat 
shall  be  given  in- 

S oz.   Mutton,  with 

1  Dinner [ 

Potatoes,  twice  a 

stead  of  S  oz.         Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

!     week. 

18  oz.    Potatoes   and 

1    Soup, with  vegeta-, 

J    bles,twice  a  week. 

'Supper 

[l  pint  of  Broth.        |  y 

Gruel  or  Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

2.   St.  Bartholomew's  Hos 

pita  I. 

i 

1  Daily     

COMMON  DLET.                          BROTH  DIET. 

THIX  OR  FEVER  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Mutton  or  Beef. 

1  pint  Broth   [with  Milk  Porridge. 
Peas  or  Potatoes,  12  oz.  Bread. 

4  times  a  week.]   2  pints  Broth. 

2  pints  Beer,  Men.   1  pint  Beer. 
1  pint.   Women.         1  oz.  Butter. 
1  oz.  Butter,  twice  aj 

week. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

1  pint  of  Milk,  with 
Tapioca.  Arrow 
root. Sago. orRice. 
as  may  be  pre- 
scribed. 

Barley  water. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  or.  Bread. 

2pts.  Milk, with  Ta- 
pioca, Arrow-root, 
Sago.  r>r  Riee,  as 
may  he  prescribed. 

Barley  water. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

Bread  Pudding, 
three  times  a  week, 
when  ordered. 

DIET 


297 


DIET 


3. 

St.   Thmnnx's  Hospital. 

FILL  DIET. 

MILK  DBS. 

DRT   DBS. 

.    I>IET. 

Da  ily 

i-t    ... 



Su]>p>  r 

2   {tints    Bolt;      14  OS.  12  uz.  Bread. 
Bread. 

i  ImeL                 1  pint  .Milk. 
Jib.  Of  Beef  when  drew-  1  pint  Milk,  4  times 

e  1.  tw  ice  b  n                     ;»  a  eek. 

r,   or  6  os.                '    Ming, thrice 
a  week. 
\    |!>.    Mutton    p 
h  tiled,  thrice  a  week. 
1  pt  Broth,  4  times  ;i  1  pint  M.Ik. 
week, 

11  os.  Bread,  2pinte 

Water  Grnel. 

l  os.  Butter,  l  times 
:i  p  eek  :  RicePud- 
ding  and  4  os. 
of  Butter,  three 
times  a  week. 

1 1    "/.    Bread  ;   two 

pints  Be<  i . 
Water  Gruel. 

j  lb.  Beef,  foi  tea. 

4.  St.  George**  HoepitaL 


\ 

EXTRV  DIET. 

OBDRfABT  DIB. 

nSB   DBS.             rSTSB  DBT.            BSOTB  MET. 

MILK  DIET. 

Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread.    12  oz.  Bread.   12  os.  Bread.    12  os.  Bread. 

12  OZ.  Bread. 

M,  ,,. 

1  pint  Beer. 

Barley  Water 

Daily 

Women. 

\\     pi! 

ad  libitum. 

Ureal 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea.        1  pint  Tea        1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

}  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk.     |  pint  Milk.     J  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

12  OS.  Meat, 

roasted 

4  oz.  of  plain 

Arrow-root 

1  pint  Broth 

\l   pint  Rice. 

'    (weighed 

One-half  of 

boiled  white 

iv.e.,  must  be 

6  os,  light 

Milk  four 

witli  the  bone 

the  meat  al- 

fish (as  Whi- 

specially di- 

Pudding. 

da  vs. 

Dinner j 

before  it  is 

lowed  for  ex- 

ting, Plaice, 

rected. 

dressed  |  four 

tra   diet. 

Flounders,  or 

\  lb.  Bread  or 

days.— boiled ;  \  lb.  Potatoes. 

Haddock.) 

Rice  Pudding 

three  'lavs.  £ 

three  days. 

I 

lb.  Potatoes, 

Supper 

1  pint  Cruel.  ,1  pint  GrneL 

1  pint  Cruel. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  |»int  Cruel. 

£  pint  Milk. 

;|  pint  Milk.    |J  pint  Milk.     1  pint  Milk,     j  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

5.   On)/' i    Hospital. 


1 

FILL    PIF.T.                         MIDDLE    DIET. 

I.'.W    DIET.                            MILK  PIKT.                          FEVER  PIKT. 

1  1  OS.   Bread.         i  12  OS.  Bread. 

1 2  os.  Bread. 

1 2  os.  Bread.        6  os.  Bread. 

1  \  OS.   Butter. 

1  \  os.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  OS.  Butter.           1  OS.  Butter. 

Daily  . 

1  qt  Table  1 

1  pt.  Table  Beer. 

Tea  and  Sugar. 

2  pints  Milk.       j  Tea  and  Sugar. 

8  oz.  Meat,  when 

1  OS.  Meat,  when 

dressed. 

dressed,  and 

Haifa  pound  of  Beef,  (for  Beef-tea,)  or  Arrow- 

\  pint  Broth. 

roi.t  or  SagO,  when  ordered. 

For  each  Diet.  (I rind 

>r  Barley-water,  as  required. 

'».   Wettmintter  Hospital. 


Daily 

FILL    DBS. 

MIDDLE    DIET. 

L"W    DIET. 

r,  OB        t      INCVRAIILES' 

FKVKR    DIET.                      DI1.T. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

10  oz.  Bread. 

l'i.i  <  (I. 

h  lb.  Bread. 

Casual . 

J  lb.  Bread. 

|  lb.  Bread. 
|  lb.  Meat 

I  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pial  Milk. 

Brcul 

1  pint  Milk 

Poiri 

Rice  Gruel. 

1  pint  Milk 
Porn 
thin  GrueL 

1  pint  Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 

— 

1    pint   Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 

1  pint  Porter. 

Dinner . . 

A  lb.  Meat, 

.  boiled, 

<>r  ehops. 
3  Hi.  of   Pota- 

} lb.  Meat, 
roasted,  boiled, 

or  en 

2  lb.  of  Pota- 

So fixed  Diet 

for  J 'inner. 

1  pint  Broth, 
or  A  lb.  of 

Bread,  or  Rice 
Pudding,  or 

1  pt  BeefTea, 

Water. 

Supper . . j 

toes. 

1  pint  Milk 

Porridge,  or 
1    Rice  Gruel. 

toes. 

1  pint  Milk 

Purr- 
thin  Cruel. 

1  pint  ' 

with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 

or  a  Chop, 
or  Fish. 

1    pint   Tea, 
with  Sugar 
and  Milk. 

DIET 


298 


DIET 


7.   Middlesex  Hospital. 


DLETA   CARNI3, 

DLETA  JUSCULI, 

DLETA   LACTIS, 

DLETA    SIMPLEX, 

OR 

OR 

OR 

OR 

CAXCER  DIET. 

Daily 

MEAT    DIET. 

SOUP   DIET. 

MILK    DIET. 

SIMPLE    DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

$  lb  Meat, 

4  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pint  Milk. 

Breakfast. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Barley- 
water. 

Physician  8  Patients. 

1   pint    Soup, 

£  pint  of  Milk 

1  pint  Gruel. 

\  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 

made  with    4 

with  Rice-pud- 

dressed meat,  (beef  or 

oz.  Beef,  alter- 

ding, 4  davs, 

mutton,)     roast     and 

nately  with   1 

and  with  Bat- 

boiled   alternately,    4 

pint  of  Broth 

ter-pudding,  3 

days. 

with  Barley. 

days. 

Dinner  .  - 

4  oz.  Meat  in  Soup,  3 
days. 

Surgeon's  Patients. 

J  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 
dressed  meat,  (beef  or 
mutton,)     roast     and 

I 

boiled  alternately. 

1  pint  Gruel  alternately 

1  pint  Gruel. 

£  pint  Milk  or 

1   pint    Gruel 

Supper  .  • 

with  1  pint  of  Barley- 

1  pint  Gruel. 

or  Barley-wa- 

water. 

ter. 

8.  North  London  Hospital. 


\ 

Daily 

FULL   DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET.                              LOW  DIET. 

MILK    DIET. 

16  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

*  lb.  Meat  and*  lb. 

Potatoes  4  days. 
1  pt.  Soup  or  Rice 
3  days. 

16  oz.  Bread, 
i  pint  Milk. 
1    pint    Soup    or 
Rice. 

8  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

Oatmeal  for 

Gruel. 

17  oz.  Bread. 
2  pints  Milk. 

9.   King's  College  Hospital. 


f 

"1 

FULL   DIET. 

MIDDLE    DIET. 

MILK    DIET. 

LOW    DIET. 

FEVER   DIET. 

1  pint  Beer,  or 

Daily 

J  pint  Porter. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

1  lb.  Bread. 

8  oz.  Bread. 



14  oz.  Bread. 

Breakfast. 

f 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

Dinner  . . . 

"{ 

i  lb.  Meat 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 

i  lb.  Meat, 
J  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Broth. 

2  pints  Barley- 
water. 

Supper  . .  . 

"{ 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

10.  Dreadnought  Hospital  Ship. 


Breakfast. 
Dinner  . . , 


Supper 


1  pint  Tea. 
1  lb.  Bread. 

1  lb.  Meat. 

f  lb.  Potatoes. 

2  pints    Beer, 
(if  ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth. 


ORDINARY   DIET. 


Ditto.  Ditto. 

Ditto.  \  lb.  Bread. 
$  lb.  Meat. 

\  lb.  Potatoes.  |  1  pint  of  Beef 


1  pint  Beer,  (if 
ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth  or 
Gruel. 


Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel  or 
Milk,  (if  or- 
dered. 


Ditto. 
1  lb.  Bread. 


1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Milk. 


FEVER   DIET. 


Ditto. 
Gruel. 


Gruel  or  Bar- 
ley-water. 


DIET 


2  00 


DIET 


Hi-rlTALS. 


Liverpool. 


ORDINARY    DI KT. 


Break/cut. — A  pint  milk  porridge,  breaded  every  morn  g. 

.  —  l.  ').  7s)  —  Ut.iU-.l  I f  and  vegetables. — (2) 

— Rii-e,  milk,  and  brea  L  Stewed  beef  and  po- 

■— Pea  soup  and  bread. — (6) — Ale,  gruel, 

ami  bread. 

Supper. —  A  pint  of  ltroth  and  bread  <>n  Sunday  and 

Thursday.  A  pint  of  milk  and  bread  on  the  other  days. 

Fi  i.i.  1>ikt.  —  The  same  ai  the  ordinary  diet 


Bristol. 


Birmingham. 
Revised  1S19. 


Break/net. — On  Sunday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Satur- 
day, milk  porridge;  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, in.  at  broth;  12  OS.  of  bread  on  meat  days;  14 
oz.  on  the  other  day-. 

Dinner. — (1.  8,  5) — Three-fourth?  of  a  pound  of  meat, 
with  vegetables  :  two  pints  of  beer  daily. — (2,  4,  6,  7) 
— A  pint  of  gruel  or  pap. 

Supper. — A  wine  pint  of  gruel  of  meal  broth  on  Sun- 
day :  2  OS.  of  oheese  for  the  men.  one-fourth  of  an  oz. 

of   butter  for  the  women,   on    Monday,   Wednesday, 
Friday,  and  Saturday. 

Fn.L  Diet.  —  The  patients  have  meat  every  day. 


I.lW     JMKT. 


its  throughout  the 
day  nf  milk  porridge, 
common  batter,  or  rice, 
pudding. 
The  ale  and  beer  are 
bought. 


Break/tut. — To  each  man  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk  por- 
ridge,  with  4  oz.  of  bread  added  to  it.  To  each  wo- 
man or  child,  one  pint  of  milk  porridge  without 
bread.      To  each  patient  2  oz.  of  bread  daily. 

Dinm  r. — (1,  3,  5) — To  each  man  8  oz.  of  baked  or  boiled 
meat ;  to  each  woman  or  child,  6  oz.  To  each  patient, 
6  oz.  of  vegetables,  and  one  pint  of  beer  daily. — (2) — 
To  each  man,  a  quart  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables  :  to  each  woman  or  child, 
one  pint  and  a  half.  — (4)  —  Twelve  ounces  of  boiled 
rice  or  bread  pudding.  —  (6)  —  Four  oz.  of  boiled  or 
baked  meat,  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made  with 
a  variety  of  vegetables. — (7) — Six  oz.  of  baked  rice 
or  bread  pudding,  or  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth, 
made  with  a  variety  of  vegetables. 

Supper. — A  pint  of  broth,,  milk  porridge,  or  gruel. 

PULL  Diet.  —  Breakfast  the  same  as  in  ordinary  diet. 
Dinner,  6  oz.  of  boiled  or  baked  meat,  6  oz.  of  vege- 
tables, 6  oz.  of  baked  rice  or  bread  pudding.  Supper, 
the  same  as  ordinary  diet. 


Bremkfnet.—A  wine  quart 

of  milk  porridge  or  milk. 

Dinner,  —  A  wine  quart 
of  weak  broth. 

Supper.— 'The  same  as 
breakfast,  14  oz.  of 
br.  ad,  and  barley-wa- 
ter for  common  drink. 

2ii  bnsbelsof  malt,  15  lbs. 
of  heps  to  l  J  ural<.  of 
strong  ale  j  21  Lush,  of 
malt,  and  12  pounds  of 
hops,  to  S60  gals,  of 
ale  :  1 1  bash,  of  malt, 
7  pounds  of  hops,  to 
360  gals,  of  small  beer. 


Breakfast. — The  same  as 
ordinary  diet. 

Dinner. — A  pini  of  broth 
or  rice  milk,  6  oz.  "of 
baked  rice  or  bread 
pudding  to  each  pa- 
tient every  day. 

Supper.  —  The  same  as 
ordinary  diet. 


II.  SCOTLAND. 


Edinburgh. 


Glasgow. 


Breakfast.  —  One  mutchkin  of  porridge,  three  gills  of 
milk  or  beer;  or  five  and  one-fourth  ounces  of  fine 
bread,  milk  or  beer. 

Ijinn>r.  —  (1.4)  —  One  chopin  of  broth,  8  ounces  of 
butcher's  meat  boiled  in  the  broth,  or  beef-steak  :  five 
and  one-fourth  ounces  of  bread. —  (2,  5,  7)  —  A  chopin 
of  broth  made  of  beef  and  bones,  barley,  groats,  pota- 
toes, and  vegetables;  five  and  a-half  ounces  of  bread. 
— (3,  6)  —  Potato  soup,  with  beef  and  veal,  or  bones; 
bread  as  above. 

8npper. — A<  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Pull  Diet. — At  discretion. 


Break/cut.  —  Milk  porridge,  quantity  not  limited,  with 
half  a  mutchkin  of  sweet  milk,  or  one  mutchkin  of 
buttermilk  or  1 r. 

Dinner.  —  (1)  —  Broth  made  of  barley,  vegetables,  and 
the  dripping  of  the  meat  roasted  during  the  week, 
with  a  quartern  loaf  to  ■  man.  and  half  to  a  woman. — 
(2,  4) — Beef  boiled  :  8  oz.  to  the  men.  and  6  oz.  to  the 
Women  :  ■  quartern  loaf  to  a  man.  and  half  to  a  wo- 
man,— or  vegetables. — ('■',  6) — Broth,  made  with  beef, 
barley,  and  vegetables  :  a  quartern  loaf  to  men,  and 
half  to  women.  —  ( .'> ) — Potato  soup,  with  cow  heels, 
bones,  Ac.  —  (7)  —  Six  oz.  of  cheese  to  men,  4  oz.  to 
women  :   bread  ai  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

I"'  ii.  Diet. — At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


*  The  figures  in  parentheses  denote  the  dayit  of  the  week. 


DIET 


300 


DIET 


III.  IRELAND. 


6.  Hospitals 

of  House  of 

Industry. 

Stephen's 
Hospital. 

Per  diem. — Sixteen  oz.  of  white  bread,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of  buttermilk  for  whey. 

Full  Diet.  —  Two  ounces  of,  bread  per  diem,  one  quart 
of  broth,  one  quart  of  new  milk. 

One  pint  of  flummeryper 
diem,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of 
buttermilk  for  whey. 

Breakfast. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Dinner. — (1,  2,  3,  5,  7) — One  quart  of  soup,  half  a  pound 
of  bread,  or  two  pounds  of  potatoes  ;  one  pint  of  milk 
or  beer.  —  (4,  6)  —  Twelve  oz.  of  bread,  one  quart  of 
sweetened  gruel. 

Daily,  half  a  pound  of 
bread,  two  quarts  of 
new  milk,  and  one 
quart  of  buttermilk. 

Royal  Hos- 
pital, Phoe- 
nix Park. 

Breakfast. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Dinner. — Half  a  pound  of  meat,  three-fourths  of  a  pound 

of  bread  ;  one  pound  of  potatoes. 
Supper. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Full  Diet.  —  Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat,  one 

pound  of  bread,  half  a  pound  of  potatoes,  one  quart 

of  beer. 

Breakfast. — Tea. 

Dinner.  —  Half  a  pound 
of  bread  made  into  pa- 
nada or  pudding. 

Richmond 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — One  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Bread,  8  oz. ;  soup,  1  quart. 

Supper. — Bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  bread,  8  oz. ;  new  milk,  one 
pint.  —  Dinner,  bread,  8  oz. ;  mutton  or  beef,  8  oz. — 
Supper,  bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 

Breakfast.  —  Flummery, 
one  pint;  new  milk, 
one  pint. 

Sup])er. — Half  a  pound  of 
bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Belfast 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — One  pint  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Haifa  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Supper. — One  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  one  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint 
of  new  milk. — Dinner,  2  lbs.  of  potatoes,  one  pint  of 
milk. — Supper,  one  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new 
milk. 

Per  diem.  —  Quarter  of  a 
pound  of  bread,  one 
quart  of  gruel,  three 
pints  of  new  milk,  half 
a  pint  of  flummery. 
Barley  water  at  occa- 
sions, 

Cork  Fever 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — One  half  quartern  loaf  for  every  four,  and 
one  pint  of  new  milk  each.     Under  12  years,  half  a 
quartern  loaf  for  every  eight. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — One  pound  of  beef,  and  two  pounds 
of  potatoes.     Under  12  years,  half  a  pound  of  beef, 
and  one  pound  of  potatoes.  —  (2,  4,  6,  7)  —  Potatoes 
and  milk. 

Supper.  —  One  pint  of  milk  and  one  of  stirabout,  for 
adults  ;  half  do.  for  children. 

Breakfast.  —  One  -  fourth 
of  a  lb.  of  bread,  with 
milk  and  water  sweet- 
ened. 

Dinner.  —  Gruel,  broth, 
wine,  and  porter,  as  or- 
dered by  the  physician. 

IV.  UNITED  STATES. 


Pennsylva- 
nia Hospi- 
tal, Philada. 


Philadel- 
phia 
Hospital, 
(Blockley.) 


Nev  York 

Hospital, 

N.  York  City. 


Breakfast. — Tea,  coffee,  or  chocolate,  with  sugar  or  mo- 
lasses and  milk, and  common  baker's  bread  at  discretion. 

Dinner. — Soup  always;  meat  of  two  kinds — mutton  and 
beef,  generally — pork  frequently ;  vegetables,  accord- 
ing to  the  season  ;  potatoes  and  rice,  always. 

Supper.  —  Tea  and  bread:  no  butter  allowed  either  to 
breakfast  or  supper,  unless  prescribed. 


House  Diet.  —  Arrow-root,  gruel,  sago,  tapioca,  rice, 
beef  tea,  beef  essence,  chicken  water,  rice  water,  bar- 
ley water,  gum  water,  flaxseed  tea,  lemonade.  (The 
diet  on  which  the  sick  are  placed  on  entering  the 
house  until  otherwise  directed.) 

Moderate  Diet.  —  Tea,  crackers,  broth,  rice,  mush, 
milk,  potatoes,  &c. 

Full  Diet.  —  Bread,  coffee,  tea,  white  meat,  mutton, 
beef,  ham,  eggs,  butter,  soup,  potatoes,  &c. 


Breakfast.  —  Bread  and  black  tea,  one  ounce  of  tea  to 
every  six,  and  a  pint  of  milk  to  every  eight  patients. 

Dinner. — Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
days, beef  soup,  with  beef  and  potatoes,  and  bread. 
On  Mondays,  boiled  rice,  with  one  gill  of  molasses. 

Supper. — The  same  as  breakfast. 


Gruel,  gum  water,  barley 
water,  and  other  arti- 
cles prescribed  by  the 
physician. 


The  kind  and  quantity 
left  to  the  physician. 
The  House  Diet  may  be 
regarded  as  low  diet. 


Special  diet  is  directed 
by  the  attending  phy- 
sician, and  adapted  to 
each  case. 


DIET    DRINK 


301 


DIGESTIBLE 


The  Diet  Scale  of  the  British  Na9j)  allows  from 
31  t,,  ;;,;  ounces  of  dry  nutritious  matter  daily  : 
of  Which  26  ounces  are  vegetable,  and  the  rest 
animal—  9  ounces  of  salt  meat,  or  4*  ounces  ot 

^Tl'at  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  is  as 

3  :_  Three  days  in  the  week  —  Pork,  lb  oz. ; 

.:  biscuit,   14  oz.;  pickles  or 

I  oi.;  sugar,  2  01.5  tea, j  0*.;— 40* 

or       Two  day  in  the  week- B^t,  !•«.}  flour 

8  oz.;  fruit,  dried.  4  oz.:   biscuit,  14  oz. ;  tea  and 

,.;   pickles  or  cranberries,]  os.;  — 

.  201.;  cheese,  2  01.;  biscuit, 
-agar,  2J  oz.  ;  pickles  or  cran- 

'*  oz-  .  1     11 

In  the  Edinburgh  workhouse  the  total  allow- 
ance of  dry  food  is  about  17  ounces -13  ounces 
,nd  4  ounces  animal.  In  the  Edin- 
bildren's  poor-house,  the  diet  consists  ot 
nUk  and  porridge,  barley  broth  and  bread 
amounting  to  13  ounces  of  vegetable  food  to  4 
ounces  of  animal.  These  allowances  have  been 
found  ample  for  the  maintenance  of  health  Per- 
haps the  case  of  the  smallest  quantity  of  food  on 
which  life  was  vigorously  supported  was  that  ot 
Cornaro,— not  more  than  12  ounces  a  day,  chiefly 
of  vegetable  matter,  for  a  period  of '58  years. 

DIET  DRINK.  A  decoction  or  potion,  va- 
riouslv  composed,  and  used  in  considerable  quan- 
tity, for  the  purpose  of  purifying  the  blood.  The 
tum  Lnsitan'icum  or  Lisbon  Lhet-dnnk  is 
me  of  the  most  celebrated.  See  Decoctum  Sar- 
laparillse  Compositum. 

Dikt.  Dry.     A  diet  in  which  there  is  but  a 
small  or  no  allowance  of  fluid. 

DIETARY,  TABLE  OF,  see  Diet  Scale. 
IHETE,  Diet 

DIETETICS,  Dlcetet'lee,  Dlcetet'ica,  Medict  na 
Dimtet'iea;    same  etymon.     (F.)  Dietitique.     A 
b  of  medicine,  comprising  the  rules  to  be 
followed  for  preventing,  relieving,  or  curing  dis- 
eases by  diet     Dietetics  is  diet  administered  ac- 
cording to  principle.     It  is  an  important  part  of 
I  regulated  system  of  diet  has 
treat  power  in  checking  disease,  and  likewise  in 
preventing  it.     A  proper  knowledge  of  d.etet.cs 
u  important  as  that  ot  the  Materia 
Medica,  strictly  so  called. 

Dietetics   has  been  used,  also,   synonymously 
with  Hygiene. 

J) IE  TE  Tl'J  I  E,  Dietetics. 
DIETET'ISTS,    Diatetis'tee,    (F.)    Difte'tiates. 
Physicians  who  apply  only  the  rules  of  dietetics 
to  the  treatment  of  dlfl 

DIEU-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  waters  of  Dieu-le-filt  in  France,  are  chaly- 
tnd  much  sought  after. 
DIEDRY8MUS,  Dilatation. 
DIEX'ODOS,  from  ha,  and  sfeofft  'an  exit  or 
way  out.'     Di'odoi.     Any  opening  by  which  au 
excretiun  takes  place. 


DIFFERENTIAL   DIAGNOSIS,  see  Diacri- 
tica  sign  a. 

DIFFERENTIATION,  Development. 
DEFFICULTA6    IHTESTINORUM,  Dysen- 

tery. 

DIFFLATIO,  Perspiration. 
DIEFOUMITE.  Deformation. 
DIFFU'SIBLE,  (stimulants)  from  dlffundere, 
[di»,  and  fmndere,  funmj  'to  pour,')  'to  poor 
apart  or  abroad.'  those  stimulating  medicines 
are  BO  Balled,  which  augment  the  action  of  the 
vascular  and  nervous  systems  in  an  acute  but 
transitory  manner. 

DIGAS'TRICUS,  from  Sis,  'twice,' and  yaonip, 
'a  belly:'  Biven'ter,  B.  MasriWai,  Dep'nmevt 
Miucil'la  Biven'ter,  Bigax'ter,  (F.)  Mfattoidohyo- 
genien,  Mattofdo-gSflieU  —  (Cb.),  D  ujant  ri'jnr, 
Abaiaaeur  de  la  mavhoire  inferlture.  The  name 
Digattrietu  was  formerly  given  to  several  mus- 
cles. It  is  now  restricted  to  one  of  the  muscles 
of  the  superior  hyoid  region.  The  digastricus  is 
thick  and  fleshy  at  its  extremities,  thin  and  ten- 
dinous  at  its  middle.  It  is  attached  to  the  mas- 
toid groove  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  a  foe- 
sette  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis  menti.  Its 
tendon  passes  through  an  aponeurotic  ring,  which 
is  attached  to  the  os  hyoides. 

The  use  of  the  digastricus  is  to  depress  tho 
lower  jaw,  or  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  to  carry 
it  forwards  or  backwards,  as  in  deglutition. 

The  strong  double-bellied  muscle,  which  forms 
the  gizzard  of  birds,  is  also  called  Digastricus. 
Digastricus  Craxii,  Occipito-frontalis. 
DIGASTRIQUE,  Digastricus. 
DIGENY,  see  Generation. 
DIGERENTIA,  Digestives. 
DIGES'TIBLE,  Concoc'tua  hab'illa.     Capable 
of  being  digested.     All   food  is   not  equally  di- 
gestible, and  some  of  the  most  important  is  tho 
lea8t  M  :_the  fat  of  meat,  for  example.     Certain 
substances,  again,  are    entirely  rebellious.     The 
following  table  exhibits  the  time  required  for  the 
stomachal  digestion  of  different  alimentary  sub- 
stances, in  a  well-known  case,  which  fell  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Beaumont.    The  table  is  extracted 
from  the  Author's   Human   Health.  Philadelphia, 
1844.      The   most  digestible  substances  are  taken 
as  the  standard,  which  has  been   arbitrarily  fixed 
at  1000:  and  accordingly,  aponeurotic,  the  first 
article  in  the   table,   requiring  3    hours,   whilst 
pigs'  feet   touted,   rice.  Ac,   require   but   one,   lis 
digestibility,   compared  with    that  of  these   ali- 
ments, is   placed   as   333   to  1000:  and   SO   of  thfl 
others.     It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  all  these 
tabular  results  apply,  in  strictness,  to  the  indi- 
vidual   concerned   only:    yet    they    afford    useful 
comparative    views,    which    with    exceptions    de- 
pending  upon    individual    peculiarities,    may    be 
regarded   as  approximations  applicable  to  man- 
I  kind  in  general. 


DIGESTIFS 


802 


DIGITAL 


Aliments. 


Form  of    j'5  £ 
prepara 
tion. 


Aponeurosis 

Apples,  mellow 

Do        sour,  hard 

Do.       sweet,  mellow  . 

Barley 

Bass,  striped,  fresh 

Beans  pod     

Do.  and  green  corn.. 
Beef,  fresh,  lean,  rare. .. 

Do.     do.      do.     dry  . . . 

Do.     do.      steak 

Do     with  salt  only 

Do.    u  i th  mustard,  &x. 

Do 

Do.   old,  hard  salted. .. 

Beets 

Brains,  animal 

Bread,  corn 

Do,     wheat,  fresh 

Bmtert 

Cabbage,  head 

Do.        with  vinegar. 

Do 

Cake,  corn 

Do.    sponge 

Carrot,  orange 

Cartilage    

Catfish,   fresh 

Cheese,  old,  strong 

Chicken,  full  grown 

Codfish,  cured  dry    

Corn  (green)  and  beans. 

Custard 

Duck,  domesticated 

Do.     wild 

Dumpling,  apple 

Eggs,   fresh   

Do.        do 

do 

do 

do 

do  

Flounder,  fresh 

Fowls,  domestic 

Do.  do 

Gelatin 

Goose,  wild  •  .  •  

Heart,  animal 

Lamb,  fresh    

Liver,  beefs,  fresh 


boiled 
raw 
do. 
do. 

boiled 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
roasted 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
boiled 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
baked 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 

do. 
boiled 
!    do. 
Ifried 
raw 

fricasseed 
boiled 
'boiled 
baked 
roasted 
i     do. 
boiled 
hard    boiled  3  30 
3 


—  -~  _ 


h.m 

3 

2 

2  50 

1  .".(I 
2 

3 

2  30 

3  45 
3 

3  30 
3 

2  45 

3  30 
4 

4  15 
3  45 

1  45 
3  15 
3  30 
t  30 

2  30 


4  30 
3 

2  30 

3  15 

4  15 
3  30 
3  30 

2  45i 

~       I 

3  45 

2  45| 

4 

4 


30 


Do. 
Do, 
Do. 
Do. 


[soft  boiled 
'fried 

roasted 

raw 

whipped 
.fried 
I  hoi  led 

roasted 

boiled 

roasted 

fried 

boiled 
do. 


3  30 

2  15 

1  30 

3  30 
4 

4 

2  30 
2  30 
4 

2  30 


333 
500 
352 
545 
500 
333 
400 
200 
333 
285 
333 
303 
285 
250 
235 
200 
571 
302 
285 
285 
400 
500 
222 
333 
400 
302 
235 
285 
285 
3ti3 
500 
200 
3i3 
250 
222 
333 
2^5 
333 
265 
444 
500 
000 
265 
250 
250 
400 
400 
250 
400 
500 


Aliments. 


Marrow,  animal  spinal 
Meat  and  vegetables  ... 

.Milk  

Do 

Mutton,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Do 


boiled 
hashed 
boiled 
raw 
toasted 
broiled 
do |  hoi  led 


Form  of 
prepara- 


Ovsters.  fresh 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Parsnip:*. 

Pig.  sucking 

Pies'  feet,  soused 

Pork,  fat  and  lean 

Do.  recent  I  v  salted. .. , 


do... 
do... 
do... 
do... 
Irish.. 
do... 
do... 


Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
potatoes 
Do. 
Do. 
Rice 

ago 

almon,  salted 

Sausage,  fresh 

loup,  barlev 

Do.     bean  .    

Do.     beef,  vegetables,  and 
bread   

Do.     chicken 

Soup  marrow  bones 

Do.   mutton 

Do.  oyster 

Suet,  beef,  fresh 

Do.    mutton 

Tapioca 

Tendon,  boiled 

Tripe,  soused 

Trout,  salmon,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Turkey,  domestic 

Do.  '  do 

Do.        wild 

Turnips,  flat 

Veal,  fresh 

Do.       do 

Vegetables      and      meat 

hashed  

Venison,  steak  . . .' 


raw 
roasted 
stewed 
boiled 

roasted 

boiled 

I  roasted 

boiled 

fried 

broiled 

raw 

stewed 
jboiled 

roasted 
i baked 
i  boiled 
|    do. 
do. 
'broiled 

boiled 
do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
fried 
toasted 
boiled 
toasted 
boiled 
broiled 
fried 

warmed 
broiled 


h.m 
40 
30 

2  15 

3  15 
I 

1  oo 
3  I 

3  30 

2  30 
2  30 
I 

15 
30 
15 
15 


3 
3 
3 

3  30 

2  30 

3  20 
1 

1  45 
4 

3  20 
I  30 
3 

4 
3 
4 
3 
3 
5 
4 
2 
5 
1 
1  30 

1  30 

2  30 
2  25 

2  18 

3  30 
4 

4  30 


375 
41)0 
500 
444 
307 
333 
333 
342 
307 
2-5 
400 
400 
1000 
11,0 
222 
235 
308 
333 
333 
2*5 
400 
400 
1000 

5;  i 

250 
300 

bee 

333 

250 
333 
235 

285 

265 
181 
222 
500 
181 
10u0 
l)U6 
666 
4(U 
511 
435 
285 
250 


2  30   400 


1  35 


031 


*  Pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  and  tripe  soused:  being  the  most  digestible  articles  in  the  table,  are  estimated  at  1000. 
t  In  the  case  of  oils,  and  other  substances  of  similar  nature,  which  undergo  little  digestion  in  the  stomach, 
the  time  merely  indicates  the  period  that  elapses  before  they  are  sent  into  the  duodenum. 


BIGESTfFS,  Digestives. 

DIGESTIO,  Digestion  — d.  Depravata,  Dys- 
pepsia—  d.  Difficilis,  Dyspepsia  —  d.  Laesa,  Dys- 
pepsia. 

DIGES'TION,  Digest' io,  from  digere,  'to  dis- 
solve;' Coctio,  C.  Cibo'rurn,  Pep'sis,  Diyes'tive 
Proc"eas.  Digestion  is  a  function,  by  means  of 
which  alimentary  substances,  when  introduced 
into  the  digestive  canal,  undergo  different  altera- 
tions. The  object  of  this  is  to  convert  them  into 
two  parts  ;  the  one,  a  reparatory  juice,  destined 
to  renew  the  perpetual  waste  occurring  in  the 
economy :  the  other,  deprived  of  its  nutritious 
properties,  to  be  rejected  from  the  body.  This 
function  is  composed  of  a  series  of  organic  ac- 
tions, differing  according  to  the  particular  organi- 
zation of  the  animal.  In  man  they  are  eight  in 
number,  viz  :  1.  Prehension  of  food.  2.  Mastica- 
tion. 3.  Insalivation.  4.  Deglutition.  5.  Action 
of  the  stomach.  6.  Action  of  the  small  intestine. 
7.  Action  of  the  large  intestine.  8.  Expulsion  of 
the  faeces. 

Digestion  is  also  a  pharmaceutical  operation, 


which  consists  in  treating  certain  solid  substances 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  other  menstruum,  at  a 
slightly  elevated  temperature,  —  in  a  sand-bath, 
for  example,  or  by  leaving  them  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  sun. 

DIGESTIVE,  see  Digestives  — d.  Principle, 
Pepsin — d.  Process,  Digestion. 

Digestive  Texture.  The  particular  organic 
condition  of  substances  which  affects  their  diges- 
tibility. 

Digestive  Tube,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Diges'tives,  Digesti'va,  Digeren'tia ;  same 
etymon  as  Digestion.  (F.)  Digestifs.  A  term 
given,  by  surgeons,  to  substances,  which,  when 
applied  to  a  wound  or  ulcer,  promote  suppura- 
tion ;  as  the  ceratum  resin  a,  warm  cataplasms, 
fomentations,  &c.  Such  substances  are  vulgarly 
termed  draicing. 

DIG"ITAL,  Digita'lis ;  from  digitus,  'a  fin- 
ger:' having  the  shape  of  a  finger  j  digitated. 
Belonging  to  the  fingers. 

The  Appen'dix  vermifnr'mis  C(Eci  is  sometimes 
called  Dig"ital  Aupen'dix. 


DIGITAL  BLAXC 


303 


DILATING    AGENTS 


Digital  Arteries.  Yeins.  and  Nerves,  are 
those  distributed  to  tlie  fingers. 

DIGITAL  BLANC,  Clavaria. 

Digital  Cavitv,  Am'eyrmd  can't;/.  Oornm  de- 
tnt  OtntritfmK  lattra'Ut,  The  occipital  por- 
tion .it"  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

DIGITAL  HUMAIN,  clavaria. 

Digital  [nransBiows,  see  Impressions  Digital, 
are  the  slight  depressions  observable  00  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  corre- 
spond to  the  cerebral  convolutions. 

DIGITALS  PETITE,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

DIGITA'LE.     Same  etymon  as  Digital.     (F.) 

A  6oger  stall.      The    term    Doigtier 

iTAedrnbali  has  been  given  to  a  small  iron   in- 


Anriculaire,  Petit  doigt     All  of  these  have  three 
phalanges,  except  the  first)  which  baa  only  two. 
Digitus  Ajtmplabm,  Aooalsr  finger  —  d.  Au- 

rieularis,  see  Digitus — d.  Cordis,  MS  Digital — <1. 
Demonstratives  sec  Digital  —  d.  Demonstrate* 
rius,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Famosus,  see  Digitus— ->l. 
Impudicus,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Index,  I n •  i 
Digitus — d.  Iodicatorias,  Index,  see  Digitus — d. 
Int'amis,  see  Digitus  —  <1.  liagDOS,  Poll< 
Digitus— d.  Medieinalis,  see  Digitus — d.  Medicos, 
.  itus — d.  Meilius,  see  Digitus — d.  Minimus, 
-  .  Digitus— d.  My  ops,  see  Digitus — d.  Otoconias, 

■     Digital  —  d.  Otites,   see   Digitus  —  d.  Parvus, 
see  Digitus. 

Dig"itus  Pedis,    Tot,   (Sc.)    Tae,   (F.)  Orteil. 


rnment  used  for  measuring  the  dimensions  of  The  toes  are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished 

the  pelvis.     Placed  at  the  end  of  the  index   fin-  numerically,  reckoning  from   within  to  without, 

ger.  it  ad, Is  to  its  length  and  enables  it  to  reach  The  first  is,  also,  called  great  toe,   torn-tot,   (F.) 

the  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  .'/'""  oHoilj  the  fifth,  the   little  tot,  petit  orteil 

DIG>1  f  U.INK.  see  Digitalis.  They  have  nearly  the  same  organization  as  the 

DIOITA'LI8,  from  digitut,  'a  finger.'  because  fingers. 
its  flower  represents  a  finger  ;  Digital 'lit  purpa'- 
rem,   Bae*eharit,  Baeehar,  liaccar,  [f]  Fox-glove, 


Dtadmen't  belle,  (Prov.)   Flapdoek.     Ord 

Scrophularineae.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Didynamia  Angio- 
spermia.  (F.)  Digitate,  Gantt  de  notre  dam,. 
Doigtier.  The  leaves  of  this  plant,  which  are 
indigenous  in  Great  Britain,  are  powerfully  seda- 
tive, diminishing  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  diu- 
retic, and  sorbefacient  In  over-doses,  Digitalis 
vomiting,  purging,  dimness  of  light,  ver- 
tigo, delirium,  hiccough,  convulsions,  and  death  : 
— all  the  symptoms,  in  short,  which  characterize 
the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons.  Its  active 
principle  has  been  called  Dig"italine.  It  is  a 
hundred-fold  stronger  than  the  most  active  pre- 
paration of  digitalis. 

Digitalil  has  been  administered  in  inflamma- 
tory diseases,  phthisis,  active  hemorrhage,  drop- 
sy, Ac. ;  but  although  it  is  a  powerful  remedy,  it 
has  not  been  as  much  employed  as  it  probably 
would  have  been  in  particular  cases,  owing  to 
the  over-strained  enlogiums,  which  many  have 
I  upon  it  in  almost  all  diseases.  The  ave- 
>ne  grain,  in  the  form  of  pill,  which 
may  he  repeated  every  six  or  eight  hours. 

D 10  IT  ALU  Minim  k,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

DIGITARIA  DACTYLOX.Cynodondactylon. 

DIGIT  A'TIOX.  Digita'tio,  Product  tie  dt  nta'ta, 
Inner' tin  denticn/a't'i,  I.  digita'ta,  (F.)  Dcntature, 
Dentelmre.  A  division  into  processes  having  the 
form  of  finders.  Several  muscles,  as  the  xerati, 
exhibit  dictations,  similar  to  those  which  the 
fillers  form,  when  held  separate. 

DI6ITATI0NE3  TUBARUM  FALLOPII, 
lee  Tube,  Fallopian. 

DIGIT"IUM.  Desiccation  or  atrophy  of  the 
angers. — Linnaeus.  Sauvngei  calls  the  same  af- 
fection Pnr<i»i/rh' in  Digit" ium,  see  Paronychia. 

DIGITORUM  TENSOR,  Extensor  brevis  digi- 
torum  pedis. 

DIG"ITUS,  Datftglot,  Finger,  (F.)  DoigU  A 
name  given  to  the  prolongations  which  form  the 
extremity  of  the  hand.  There  are  five  on  each 
hand:    the    first,    the    thumb,    Antiehoir,    Pollex,' 

Al/'ix     PolltX,     Mniuix     ji'irrn     tnajo'ri    rtdjii'tris, 

Dig"itut   primux    ^eu    mngnme,    Pro'manue,   (F.) 

i.  the  index,  Digitut  index  seu  i 
tecum' du*  seu  taluta'rit  seu  talnto/riut  seu  de-  I 
ii'/riitH    seu     demonetrati'vut,    Indioaftor, 
ttra'tor,   Li'chanoe ;   tin*  third.   I),  me'diu* 
seu  ter'tiit*  seu  famo'tnt  sen    impudi'en*  seu  ob-  j 
tru'iuiH  seu   in/a' mi*  sen   verpme,  (P.J    Doigt  dt 
mtilien,  middle  finger  or  long  finger;  the  fourth, 
the  ring  finger,  Digitut  annmla'rie,  Parom/etot,  ! 
I).  qnartut  seu  medieina'li*  >eu  mted'ieut  sen  osr- 
din,    fmtfrieue,    (¥.)    Annnlaire :    and    the    little 
finjrr,  Otftee,  Digf'itnt anrienla'rie  ton  mim'immt 
seu^arcM*  seu  quintus  seu  tttfopt  seu  oti'tcs,  (F.J 


Digitus  Primus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus — d.  Qasr- 
tus,  see  Digitus — d.  Quintus,  see  Digitus — d.  Bala- 
taris,  see  Digitus — d.  Salutarius.  see  Digitus — d. 
Salutatorius,  Index  —  d.  Secundus,  Index,  see 
Digitus. 

Digitus  Semimor'tuus.  '  Half  dead  finger.'  A 
torpid  condition  of  the  fingers,  met  with  in  con- 
nection with  chlorosis,  and  cerebro-spinal  affec- 
tions. 

Digitus  Superxumera'rius,  Supernn'merary 
finger,  (F.)  Doigt  stirnumeraire.  An  occasional 
monstrosity  occurs,  in  which  there  are  supernu- 
merary fingers  ;  and  at  times  owing  to  hereditary 
transmission. 

Digitus  Tertius,  see  Digitus — d.  Verpus,  seo 
Digitus. 

DIGNA'THUS,  from  6t,  'double,' and  yvaOos, 
'lower  jaw.'  A  monster -having  two  lower  jaws. 
— Gurlt. 

DIGNOTIO,  Diagnosis. 

DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS,  from  It,  'double,' and 
'vKoyaorpiov,  'the  hypognstrium.'  A  monster 
whose  pelvis,  together  with  the  lower  portion  of 
the  abdomen,  is  double. 

DIHYSTE'RIA,  Dime'tra,  Didel'phyt,  V'tern* 
duplex,  from  6t,  '  double,' amd  'vtrripri,  'uterus.' 
The  state  in  which  there  is  a  double  uterus. 

DIJUDICATIO,  Crisis. 

DILACERATIO.  Laceration. 

D1LATASTS.  Dilating  agents. 

D1LATATEVR,     Dilator  —  d.    Anterievr    dn 
larynx,  Crieo-thyroid  muscle  —  d.  Pustericur  du 
■  larynx,  Crico-aryteooid,  posterior. 

DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchia, 
dilatation  of  the — d.  Ycntriculi,  Gastrectasis — d. 
Intestinorum,  Enterectasis. 

DILATA'TION.  dilata'tio,  from  dilatttre,  dila- 
tntnm,  (latitm  faeere.)  'to  enlarge:'  Eurye'mue, 
Aneurye'mut,  Diemrge'mnt.  Augmentation  of  the 
bulk  of  a  body,  occasioned  by  a  generation  of 
,  some  of  its  molecules.  Caloric  has  the  property 
of  dilating  all  bodies.  In  Surgery,  it  means  the 
1  accidental  or  preternatural  augmentation  of  a 
canal  or  opening :  as  in  aneurisms,  varices,  <fcc., 
or  the  process  of  enlarging  any  aperture  or  canal. 
When  used  so  as  to  obtain  a  view  of  parts,  at  by 
the  speculum,  it  is  termed  Dioptris' mus. 

DILATATOIBS,  Dilator. 

DILATATOR  [CM.  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUS.  Dilator. 

DILA'TING  AGENTS,  DiUttan'tia,  (F.)  Di- 
latautt.  Certain  substances  used  in  surgery, 
either  to  keep  parts  separate  which  have  a  ten- 
dency to  unite  —  as  after  opening  an  abs< 
prevent  the  edges  of  the  incision  from  uniting; 
or  to  increase  and  dilate  openings  of  canals,  either 
when  natural,  or  formed  accidentally  or  artifici- 
ally.    These  agents  differ  from  each  other:  the 


DILATOR 


304 


DIPHTHERIA 


chief   are — prepared  sponge  tents,  gentian  root, 
bouqies,  sounds,  dried  peas  for  issues,  <ic. 

DILATOR,  Dilatato'rins,  Diastole ue,  (F.)  Di- 
latateur  ou  Dilatatoire.  A  muscle,  whose  office 
it  is  to  dilate  certain  parts;  such  as  the  inspira- 
tory muscles,  which  dilate  the  chest. 

Dilator,  Dilatato'rium,  (F.)  Dilatateur.  An 
instrument,  used  for  dilating  a  wound,  excretory 
canal,  or  other  natural  or  artificial  opening.  When 
employed  to  obtain  an  inspection  of  internal 
parts,  it  is  termed  Spec'ulum,  Diop'tra,  or  Diop'- 
tron.  There  are  several  instruments  of  this  kind, 
each  taking  its  name  from  the  part  to  which  it  is 
applied;  as  Speculum  Oris,  S.  Nasi,  S.  Uteri,  &c. 
Dilator,  Arnott's.  A  modification  of  the  old 
dilators  for  strictures  of  the  urethra.  It  consists 
of  a  tube  of  oiled  silk,  lined  with  the  thin  gut  of 
some  small  animal  to  make  it  air-tight,  and  fixed 
on  the  extremity  of  a  small  canula.  by  which  it 
is  distended  with  air  or  water,  from  a  bag  or 
syringe  at  the  outer  end,  whilst  a  stop-cock  or 
valve  serves  to  keep  the  air  or  water  in,  when 
received.  As  soon  as  the  bag  is  passed  within 
the  stricture  or  strictures,  as  much  air  is  to  be 
injected  into  it  as  the  patient  can  easily  bear. 
The  instrument  is  not  much  used. 

Dilatores  Alarum  Nasi,  Compressor  Naris. 

DILATRIS  TINCTORIA,  Lachnanthes  tinc- 
toria. 

DILL.  Anethum  graveolens. 

DILLY,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DILUEN'TIA,  from  diluo,  (dis,  and  luere,)  'I 
wash  away.'  (F.)  Delayants.  Medicines  which 
have  been  conceived  proper  for  augmenting  the 
fluidity  of  the  blood  and  other  animal  liquids. 
All  aqueous  drinks  are  diluents.  They  are  ad- 
ministered, with  great  advantage,  in  various  dis- 
eases. In  fever,  water,  which  is  the  most  familiar 
diluent,  may  be  freely  allowed;  the  only  precau- 
tion being  to  give  it  hot  in  the  cold  stage,  cold  in 
the  hot,  and  tepid  in  the  sweating.  In  diseases. 
where  it  is  considered  necessary  to  abstract  blood 
largely,  diluents  should  not  be  given  too  freely. 
The  abstraction  of  blood  occasions  activity  of 
absorption,  and  the  mass  is  speedily  restored.  It 
is  also  obvious,  that  in  cases  of  inflammation  of 
the  mammae,  in  nurses,  diluents  should  not  be 
freely  allowed,  as  they  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk,  and  add  to  the  irritation.  When  demulcents 
are  exhibited  in  cases  of  urinary  disease,  they  act 
simply  as  diluents:  their  mucilaginous  portion  is 
digested  in  the  stomach  and  small  intestine, — 
the  watery  portion  alone  being  separated  by  the 
kidney. 

DILWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DIMETRA,  Dihysteria. 

DINANT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dinant 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  St.  Malo.  in 
France,  where  are  mineral  waters,  containing  car- 
bonate of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium,  &c.  They  are 
much  esteemed. 

DINGEE,  Dengue. 

DINIC,  Antidinic. 

DINKHOLD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
rich  carbonated  water,  situate  near  the  junction 
of  the  Lahn  with  the  Rhine,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

DINOMANIA,  Tarantisinus. 

DINUS.  Vertigo — d.  Scotoma,  Scotodynia — d. 
Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

DIOBOLON.  Scruple. 

DIOCRES,  Pastil. 

DIODONCEPHALUS,  (F.)  DiodoncSphale, 
from  6n,  'twice/  oSovs,  oSovros,  'a  tooth,'  and 
Kt<pa\v,  '  head.'  A  monster  with  a  double  range 
of  teeth,  or  double  jaw. 

DIODOS,  Diexodos. 


DIOECESIS,  Dispensation. 
DIONCO'SIS,  from  Sia,  and  oyxos,  'a  tumour.' 
The  Methodists  applied  this  name  to  a  sort  of 
tumefaction  or  plethora,  occurring  either  directly 
from  too  great  a  quantity  of  fluid  circulating  in 
the  system,  or  owing  to  the  retention  of  sub- 
stances which  ought  to  be  excreted.  It  is  the 
antithesis  to  symptosis.     See  Intumescence. 

DIONYSIA'NUS,  (F.)  Dionysien,  from  Aiorv- 
aof,  '  Bacchus,'  who  is  represented  by  the  poets  as 
wearing  horns.  One  who  has  long  or  horn-like 
excrescences. 

DIONYSIS'CUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  long  horn-like  excrescence  on  the  frontal  region. 
— Vogel. 

DIOPHTHALMUS,  Binoculus. 
DIOPTRA,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 
DIOPTRISMUS,  Dilatation. 
DIOPTRON,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 
DI0RTH0'SIS,from<5jop$£w,  'I  make  straight.' 
The  reduction  of  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb. 
DIOSCOREA,  (after  Dioscorides,)  see  Yam. 
Diosco'rea   Villo'sa,    Wild    Yamroot ;    indi- 
genous: Order,  Dioscoriaceas ;  flowering  in  July. 
A  decoction  of  the  root  has  been  prescribed  in 
bilious  colic.     It  is  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and,  in  large  doses,  emetic. 
DIOSCURI,  Parotis. 
DIOSMA,  D.  crenata. 

Dios'ma  Crena'ta,  from  Sios,  'divine,'  and 
oafin,  '  odour.'  Baros'ma  crena'ta,  Agathos'ma 
crcna'tum,  Buchu  Leaves,  Diosma  (Ph.  U.  S., 
1842,  Buchu,  1851),  Bucku,  Bocchoe,  Bocho,  Boo- 
cho,  Buchho,  (F.)  Diosmee  crenelee.  Ord.  Dios- 
meae.  A  South  African  plant,  the  powder  of 
whose  leaves  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  to  perfume 
their  bodies.  It  has  been  employed  in  chronic 
affections  of  the  bladder  and  urinary  organs  in 
general.  It  has  also  been  given  in  cholera.  It 
is  often  adulterated  in  commerce,  by  the  substitu- 
tion of  less  potent  plants  of  the  same  family,  as 
Diosma  serratifo'lia,  and  Eupleu'rum  serrula'tum. 
Diosma  Serratifolia,  D.  crenata. 
DIOSMEE  CRENELEE,  Diosma  crenata. 
DIOS'PYROS  LOTUS,  Faba  Grceca,  Indian 
Date  Plum,  (F.)  Plaqueminier  d'Europe.  Ord. 
Ebenaceas.  This  tree  grows  in  some  of  the  south- 
ern parts  of  Europe.  Its  fruit  is  very  astrin- 
gent, and  has  been  recommended  in  dysentery 
and  hemorrhage. 

DlOS'PYROS  VlRGIMA'NA,  Lotus  Virginia' va, 
Persim'mon.  A  common  tree  in  the  middle  parts 
of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persim'mon*, 
Yellow  Plums,  Winter  Plums,  Seeded  Plums,  whii  h 
is  only  eatable  after  frost,  (when  it  is  tolerable.) 
is  sometimes  made  into  cakes  with  bran.  These, 
being  dried  in  an  oven,  are  kept  to  make  beer. 
When  bruised  in  water,  fermentation  takes  place. 
The  unripe  fruit,  Diospy'ros  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  dis- 
tressingly acerb  and  astringent.  It  has  been  used 
as  an  astringent.  The  bark  of  the  tree  is  ex- 
tremely bitter,  and  may  be  used  where  bitters  are 
indicated. 

DIO'TA,  Dyo'ta,  from  Sis,  and  ovs,  u>ros,  'ear.' 
Two-eared,  two-handled.  Applied  to  a  wooden 
cup,  lined  with  a  composition  of  resin,  cinnamon, 
cloves,  and  ginger,  to  give  more  flavour  to  beer.  It 
was  formerly  much  used  in  the  north  of  Europe. 
DIPHORUS,  Diphrus. 

DIPHRUS,  Di'phorus,  from  Sis,  'two,'  and 
4>epu>,  '  I  carry.'  Properly  a  seat  for  two.  A  close 
stool. 

Diphrus  Maieu'ticus,  Sella  obstetric"ia.  An 
obstetric  chair. 

DIPH'RYGES,  from    Sis,  and  Qpvyu),  'I  tor- 
refy.'    The  oxide  of  copper,  more   or  less  pure. 
The  ancients  reckoned  three  kinds  of  diphryges, 
which  they  used  as  astringents. 
DIPHTHERIA,  Diphtheritis. 


Dirn  the  rite 


305 


DIRECTOR 


DIFHTIIERITE,  Diphtheritis  —  d.  Buccale, 
Stoma  tit  is  p.-cu  do  membranous. 

DIPHTHERI'TIS,  Dij.hther'ia,  Diphtherit' ic 
inflammation,  Pelliefular  Inflammation,  (F.)  Diph- 
tkfrite  from  6i<pdtpa,  'a  membrane.'  A  name 
given  by  M.  Uretonneau  to  a  class  of  diseases, 
which  are  characterized  by  a  tendency  to  the 
formation  of  false  membranes  ;  and  affect  the  der- 
moid tissue,  —  as  the  mucous  membranes,  and 
even  the  skin. 

DiniTHKuiTis  of  the  Throat,  Angina  pellicu- 

..  Trachealis,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication. 
DIPLOCEPHA'LIA,    from    im\o0i,    'double,' 
1X9,  '  bead.'     A  monstrosity  characterized 
:  two  heads  on  the  same  body. 
DIPLECOIA,  Double  hearing. 
DIP  LOE,  from  6*m\o*,  'I  double.'    Diph'si*, 
Jlcditul' Hit  hi.  Medium  Calva'ria  Di*cri'men.   The 
cellular  structure,  which  separates  the  two  tables 
of  the  skull  from  each  other.     The  ancients  ap- 
plied the  term,  also,  to  the  proper  coat   of  the 
J — Rolfiok,  in  Castelli. 
The  Diploe  has  the  same  use  as  the  cellular 
Structure  of  bones  in  general.     See  Cancelli. 
DIP  LOG  EN 'ES  IS,  (JirXoo?,  'double,'  and  ytvt- 
oeration,'  (F.)   Diplogfuiae.     An  organic 
deviation,  which  consists  of   the  duplication  of 
parts.      .Monstrosity  by  duplication.     Duplic"itus 
monstrn'sa,  constituting  double  monster*. 

DIPLOLEPrs  GALLJE  TIXCTORLE,  see 
Quercus  infeetoria. 

DIPLO'MA.  Same  etymon  as  Diploe.    A  letter 
or   writing    conferring    some    privilege:    usually   , 
applied  to  the  document,  certifying  that  a  person  I 
ined  the  title  of  Doctor.    It  was  so  called  'j 
because  formerly  written  on  waxed  tables,  folded 
together.     Diploma  is  also  used  in  pharmacy  for     p  T°)!f?* 
I  with  double  walls-as  a  water-bath.  SSzLj  *™ 

DIPLOPIA,  from  <5<tAoos,  'double.'  and  otto 
pat,  '  I  see.'  Vitus  Duplica'tus,  Ditto' pin,  Dit 
top'*,,,,  Amphamphoterodiop'eia,  Amphodiplo'pia 
Ambio'pia,  Double  Vition,  (F.)  Heme.    An  affec 


tion  of  the  sight,  in  which  two  distinct  sensations 
are  produced  by  the  same  object,  which  conse- 
quently seems  double.    Sometimes  more  than  t 
are  seen 
and 
from  some  derangement  in   the  visual  axes, 

lence  of  which,  the  images  are  not  im- 
p  Hiding  parrs  of  the  retina  of 
each  eye.  At  times,  the  diplopia  affects  one  eye, 
1  alone,  owing  to  some 
irregularity  in  the  curvature,  density,  or  position 
of  the  dioptric  media.  It  is  then  called  Unioc1- 
ular  Dip!- 

The  diplopia  of  both  eyes    has    been    termed 
Amphodiplo'pia  and  Amphoterodiplo'pia. 
DIPLOSIS,  Diploe,  Duplication. 
DIPLOSO'MA,     from     «5<a00f,    'double,'    and 
oupa,  'body.'     The  Diplonoma  crena'ta  is  an  im- 
•  v    described    entozoon.   whirl,    has   been 
passed   from   the  urinary  bladder.     It  varies  in 
length  from  four  to  six  or  eight  inches,  and  is 
thinnest  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  bent  at  an 
acute  angle  upon   itself,   so   that   the   two  halves 
hang  nearly  parallel,  and  give  to  it  an  appear- 
ing had  been  tied   together  by 
It  has   been  confounded  with   the 

ispimpt.  ra  Imriiiiiis. 

LOSOMA  TIA,  Diplono'mia,  from  *<*W, 

double,    and  ouua,  amuaruq,  'body.'      An 
deviation.  «•!  by  ,lie  presence  0/ two 

complete  bodies,  united  by  one  or  more  of  their 
part*. 

DrPNOOS,  from  Us,  and  rr«f,  'breath.'      Uav- 
ig  two  vent  holes;  Bitjn'rus.     An  epithet  ap- 


plied to  wounds  which  pass  through  a  part,  and 
admit  the  air  at  both  ends. — Galen. 

DIPROSOTU8,  Iriod'i/muset  Opod'ymns,  from 
M,  'double,'  and  npoowov,  ' countenance. '  A 
monster  having  a  double  face. 

DiPBOSO  i!  -  l'i  BDfX'UB,  from  '«,  'double.'  and 
jrpocwTov,  'countenance;'  and  ec,  'double,'  and 
aidoiu,  'parts  of  generation.'  A  double  ■ 
in  whom  the  duplication  affects  superiorly  the 
! ■"■".  and  interiorly  the  anterior  pelvic  region. — 
Barkow, 

Dii-roso'pcs  Dihvpogas'trius,  from  <«. 
ble,'  and  itpoauvov,  'countenance,'  and  from  it, 
'double,'  and  'viroyaaTptov,  'the  bypogaetrium.' 
A  double  monster  in  whom  the  duplication  affects 
superiorly  the  face,  and  inferiorly  the  lower  part, 
of  the  body,  four  lower  extremities  being  always 
present —  Tetrat'eelm*. 

DIPSA,  Thirst. 

DIPSACOS,  Diabetes. 

DIP'SACUS    PULLO'NUM,    fferba    Car'dui 

Ven'eris,   Car' dims   Ven'eris,  (F.)   Cardere  cult  ire. 
Chard, ,n  &  f onion,  Ckardon  d  bonnetier,  be 

similar  properties  ascribed  to  it.     Both  have  been 
also  regarded  as  stomachic. 

Dip'sacos  Sylves'tris,  from  St^a,  'thirst.' 
said  to  be  so  called,  owing  to  the  leaves  being  so 
placed  as  to  hold  water.  Cultivated  , 
(F.)  Carder e.  Ord.  Dipsaceae.  The  r« 
this  European  plant  are  diuretic  and  sudorific. 
The  water,  which  collects  at  the  base  of  the 
leaves,  has  been  recommended  as  an  eve-water. 

DIPSET'ICOS,  from  &</,<.,  'thirst.'  *  (P.)  Dip- 
nSttque.  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of 
exciting  thirst.     See  Alterative. 

DIPSO'DES,  Sit'iens,  Siticulo'sus,  (Old  Eng.) 
Affortt,  (Prov.)  Thrusty  ;  from  Si^a,  'thirst.'  and 
u8og,  'resemblance.'     Thirsty.     Causing  thirst. 

DIPSOM A'NIA, from  <3<da,  'thirst,' and  mania. 

-  -'ally,  'thirst-mania.'  Often,  however,  applied  to 

1  habitual   drunkenness  and  to  delirium  tremens. 

An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating  liquors, 
i      DIPSOP'ATIIY,    Dipnopatki'a,  from  CiIj, 
'thirst,'  and  vados,   'disease.'     A  mode  of  treat- 
I  ment.  which  consists  in  abstaining  from  drinks. 
I      DIPSO'SIS.      Same    etymon.     Morbid   thirst. 
The  desire  for  drinking,  excessive 


Avens,     Polydypsia  —  d.    Expers, 


mpaured. 

o  II  A  genus  in  the  class  Caeliaca,  order  Enteriea,  of 
een  :  but  stdl  the  disease  is  termed  Diplo'pia     Good. 
Suffu'rio  Mnh'iplican*.    This  affection  arises  Dipso'sis 

Adipsia. 

DIP'TERIX  ODORA'TA,  Coumarou'na  odo~ 
rn'tit.  The  fruit  of  this  large  tree  of  Guiana  is 
a  pod,  inclosing  a  single  seed.  The  bean,  Tonka 
bean,  has  a  strong,  agreeable,  aromatic  odour, 
and  is  used  to  flavour  snuff. 

DI'PYGUS,  from  it,  'double,'  and  T-vyrj,  'nates.' 
A  double  monster,  tne  duplication  being  confined 
to  the  posterior  portion  of  the  lower  end  of  the 
trunk — the  coccygeal  region. 

DIPYRE'NON,  from  its,  'twice,'  and  wnfmv, 
'a  kernel.'  A  apeeil'lum  <>r  probe  with  two  but- 
tons or  kernels — one  at  each  end. 

DIPYRITES,  Biscuit. 

DIPYROS,  Biscuit 

DIRCA    PALUS'TRIS,  LeatUnoood,    S 
Leatherwood,    Mootewood,    Swampwood, 
bar/:,  Boindn  plomb,  (Canada.)    Ord.  Tbyn 
'■■  m.    An  indigenous  shrub,  which  grows  is 
woods  and  low  wet  places  throughout  the  ; 
It  i-  analogous  to  meiereon  in  its 

—  lis  'T  eight  grains  of  the  fresh  bark  producing 
violent  vomiting,  preceded    by  heat  in 

the  stomach,  often  followed  by  pnrgii 
to  the  skin,  the  bark  vesicates. 

DIRECTOR,  Itinera' riiuil,  frm  diri '/ere,  di- 
rectum, [din,  and  rngnru,  'to  rule.')  •:■ 

Conductor.    A  grooved  sound  I  \  knife, 

in  dividing  any  part;  (F.)  Sonde  canneUe. 


SO 


DIRIBITORIUM 


06 


DISINFECTION 


Director  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosu 

DIRIBITORIUM,  Mediastinum. 

DIRLING,  Tingling. 

DIRT-EATING,  Chthonophagia. 

DIRUITIO,  Rhexis. 

DIS,  Di. 

DISC,  see  Disk. 

DISCEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCHARGE',  (die,  and  charge,)  Ec'roe, 
F/it.rus,  I'mj/n'rium,  (F.)  Ecoulement.  In  patho- 
logy,  an  increased  discharge  from  any  part,  that 
naturally  secretes  a  fluid. 

DISCHROA,  Dyschroea. 

DISCREET',  from  discernere,  discretnm,  (dis, 
and  cernere,)  'to  separate.'  Discre'tus,  Intertinc'- 
tu0,  Separated,  (F.)  Discret.  This  epithet  is 
given  to  certain  exanthemata,  in  which  the  spots 
or  pustules  are  separated  from  each  other.  It  is 
opposed  to  confluent. 

DISCRET,  Discreet. 

DISCRE'TA  PURGATIO.  The  purgation 
or  expulsion  of  some  particular  matter. 

DLSCRETIVUS,  Diagnostic. 

DISCRETORIUM.  Diaphragm. 

DISCRl'MEN,  'Separation,  Division.'  Same 
etymon  as  Discreet.  A  bandage,  used  in  bleed- 
ing from  the  frontal  vein  ;  so  called,  because,  in 
passing  along  the  sagittal  suture,  it  divides  the 
head  into  two  equal  parts. 

Discrimen  Calvasub  Medium,  Diploe —  d. 
Nariurn,  Septum  N. 

'  Increased — Hypertrophy, 


Discrimen  Nasi  ;  a  bandage,  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X,  intended  to  support  the  nose,  in 
transverse  wounds  of  the  organ. 

Discrimbn  Thoracis  et  Vkntris,  Diaphragm. 

DISCUS  PROLIGERUS,  Proligerous  disc— d. 
Vitellinus,  Proligerous  disc. 

DISCUSSIFS,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSIO,  Resolution. 

DISCUSSIVA,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSORIA,  Discutients. 

DISCUTIENTS,  Discutien'tia,  Resolven'tia, 
Diseusei'va,  Discusso'ria,  from  discutere,  'to  shake 
apart,  [dis,  and  quatere,  'to  shake.')  (F.)  Diacua- 
aifa,  liesolutifs.  Substances  whicb  possess  the 
power  of  repelling  or  resolving  tumours. 

DISEASE',  old  French  diaaiae  ;  from  dis,  and 
ease:  Morbus,  Nosos,  Nose'ma,  Noseu'ma,  Xusus, 
Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  Lues,  Malum,  Passio,  JEgritu'- 
do,  jEgrota'tio,  Vit"ium,  Arrhos'tia,  Arrhoste'  may 
Arrhosten'ia,  Valctu'do  adver'sa,  Mal'ady,  Com- 
plaint, Sickness,  Di  at  em' per,  Ailment,  Illness,  (F.) 
Maladie.  An  opposite  state  to  that  of  health, 
consisting  in  a  change  either  in  the  position  and 
structure  of  parts,  or  in  the  exercise  of  one  or 
more  of  their  functions,  or  in  both. 

By  some,  Disease  is  applied  to  structural  change, 
whilst  Disorder  is  restricted  to  functional  derange- 
ment. 

The  following  table,  essentially  that  of  Dr.  C. 
J.  B.  Williams,  comprises  the  chief  elements  of 
structural  disease : 


Diminished — Atrophy. 

Inflammation, 


Altered 

Mechanism. 


Diseased  ■ 
Nutrition. 


'  Contraction, 
Dilatation, 
Obstruction, 
Compression, 
Displacement, 
Rupture,  &c. 


Induration, 

Softening, 

Transformation  and  Degeneration. 

Euplastic  f  Cicatrices, 


Deposits. 


Perverted...  ■ 


False  membranes, 
f  Cirrhosis. 
n         i     ,.  Fibro-cartilage, 

CaC°PlastlC i  Gray  tubercle, 


Aplastic. 


[Growths...  ■ 


[Atheroma,  &c. 

(Yellow  tubercle, 
Calcareous 
matter,  &c. 
(  Cysts, 
Nonmalignant... -<  Tumours 

(  Hydatids,  <fcc. 

{Carcinoma, 
Encepbaloma, 
Melanosis,  &c. 


Disease  of  Addison,  see  Capsule,  renal  —  d. 
Blue,  Cyanopathy — d.  of  Bright,  Kidney,  Bright' s 
Disease  of  the — d.  English,  Rachitis — d.  Extrin- 
sic, External  disease — d.  Family,  see  Hereditary 
— d.  Foul,  Syphilis — d.  Fungoid,  Encephaloid — - 
dr.  Gastro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis — d.  Haeniato- 
cerebriform,  Encephaloid — d.  Hereditary,  see  He- 
reditary— d.  Pretended,  Feigned  disease — d.  Si- 
mulated, Feigned  disease — d.  Surgical,  External 
disease. 

DISEASED,  Sick. 

DISK  CO  I  A.  Barvecoia. 

D  IS  E?IG  U  R  ATION,  Deformation. 

DISGORGEMENT,  (F.)  Degorgement,  from 
de,  and  gorge,  'the  throat.'  An  opposite  condi- 
tion to  that  of  Engorgement.  The  discharge  or 
abstraction  of  a  certain  quantity  of  fluid,  which 
had  previously  collected  in  a  part:  as  Disgorge- 
ment of  bile.     It  also  means  a  vomit. 

DISGUST',  from  de,  and  gustare,  'to  taste.' 
Gibi  fastid'imn,  Aposit'ia,  Asit'ia,  Apoclei'sis, 
Abomina'tio,  Siccha'sia,  Horror  Cibo'rum,  Loath- 
ing. An  aversion  for  food;  (F.)  Degont.  Dis- 
gust is  not  the  same  as  Anorexia,  The  latter  is 
only  a  want  of  appetite;  the  former  consists  in 
real  repugnance  for  food. 


DISINFECTANT,  Disinfec'tans,  from  dis,  and 
infieio,  infectum,  (in  and  facio,)  'I  infect/  (F.) 
Disinfectant.  This  term  has  been  restricted  by 
some  to  agents  that  are  capable  of  neutralizing 
morbific  effluvia;  but  the  author  includes  under 
it  also,  antiseptics  or  agents  that  are  capable  of 
removing  any  incipient  or  fully  formed  septic 
condition  of  the  living  body,  or  of  any  part 
of  it, 

DISINFECTING  LIQUID,  SIR  WILLIAM 
BURNETT'S,  see  Burnett's  Disinfecting  Liquid 
— d.  Liquid,  Labarraque's,  Liquor  sodae  chlori- 
natae — d.  Liquid  of  Ledoyen,  see  Ledoyen's  dis- 
infecting liquid. 

DISINFECTION,  Disinfec'tio.  Same  etymon. 
(F.)  Disinfection.  The  act  of  destroying  mias- 
mata, with  which  the  air,  clothing,  &c,  may  he 
infected.  Various  means  have  been  proposed  for 
this  purpose.  Those  most  commonly  employed 
are  :  chlorine,  sulphurous  and  chlorohydric  acid 
gases,  vapoxirs  of  vinegar,  nitrous  acid,  and  what 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  manageable  of  any,  and 
equally  efficacious,  chlorinated  lime,  or  any  of  the 
chlorides  of  the  alkalies.  It  is  questionable  if 
any  chemical  action  occur  between  these  agents 
and  the  miasmata,  whence  results  a  compound 


DISJUNCTI  MORBI 


307 


DISTILLATION 


which   is    harmless.     Disinfection    also    includes  " 
the  action  of  antiseptics. 

Chlorine  or  Qxymuriat'ie  Fumiga'tion,  8olu'- 
tt'o  alexite'ria  Gaubia'na,  Fumiga'tio  aiitiloim'- 
'bii,  AUxiWrium  eklt/rieum,  Fvmiga'tio 
(i, lift,, n'n»' nin,  is  made  by  adding  common  salt 
Hiij.  to  black  oxide  of  manganese  5J,  sidphuric 
add  5.i.  and  water  f 3  i  J  -  This  may  be  carried 
through  an  apartment,  or  be  shut  up  io  it. 

Nitrous   Fumiga'tion,   Alexite'rium    Ni'tricum,  ' 
Fumiga'tio  Smythia'na,  may  be  funned  by  placing 
titrate  0/ potass  .^iv,  and  sulphuric  acid  jjjj,  in  a 
saucer  on  hot  .-and. 

DISJUNCT!  MORBI.  (From  dis,  and  jun- 
gere,  jmicttun,  'to  join.')  Disjoined  diseases. 
Ferneiius  has  thus  denominated  diseases  which 
occupy  different  organs,  and  are  not  produced  by 
eaeli  other. 

DISK.  BLOOD,  Globule  of  the  blood  — d.  In- 
tervertehral.  Intervertebral  Cartilage — d.  Prolige- 
rous,  see  ProHgeroua  Disk. 

DISLOCATIO  LIENIS  SEU  SPLENIS, 
Bplenectopia. 

DISLOCATION,  Luxation. 
DISMAL.  Melancholy. 

DISOD'ICUS,    from    in,    'twice/    and    060s, 
'threshold.1     Having  a  double  opening. 
DISOMATOUS,  see  Disomus. 
DISO'MUS,   (F.)  Disome,  from  dis,  and   awfia, 
•body.'     A   monster  with   two    bodies.     Such  a 
monster  is  said  to  be  disom'atovM. 
DISORDER,  see  Disease". 
DISORDERED,  Sick. 

DISORGANIZATION,  Organo'rum  destruc- 
ti,>,  (F.)  Disorganisation,  A  complete  morbid 
chnnge  in  the  structure  of  an  organ,  or  even  total 
destruction  of  its  texture.  In  sphacelus  and 
lloughy  uleers.  we  have  examples  of  this  change. 
DISPENSAIRE,  Dispensary,  Dispensatory. 
DISPEN'SARY,  Disptnsa'rium,  from  dispen- 
dere,  [die,  and  j/endere,  pension,  'to  weigh,')  'to 
take  from  a  weight  or  mass,'  'to  distribute.'  The 
shop  or  place  in  which  medicines  are  prepared. 
Also,  an  institution  in  which  the  poor  are  fnr- 
nisbed  with  advice  and  necessary  medicines.  (F.) 
Dispeusaire.  This  won!  is  also  used  by  the  French 
tvi  onymously  with  Dispensatory. 
"  DISPENSATION,  Dispensa'tio,  Dioree'sis, 
Epineme'sis.  Same  etymon.  The  composition 
and  distribution  of  medicines  according  to  pre- 
scription. In  France,  it  is  more  commonly  ap- 
plied to  the  weighing,  measuring,  and  arranging 
of  the  articles  which  have  to  enter  into  a  formula, 
prior  to  combining  them. 

DISPENSATOR,  Apothecary. 
DISPEN'SATORY,     Dispensato'rium  ;     same 
etymon.     Antidota'rium,  Liber   Pharmaceut'icus, 
Uispensaire.     A   book   which    treats   of   the 
Bomposition  of  medicines.     A  Dispensatory  dif- 
fers from  a  Pharmacopoeia,  in  containing  the  phy- 
sical a;id  medical  history  of  the  various  substances  : 
whilst   the   Pharmacopoeia  is  mainly  restricted  to 
the  mode  of  prep  iring  them.    The  Pharmacopoeia 
published  under  the  authority  of,  and   by 
the  members  of  a  college  or  association  ;  whilst  a 
Dispensatory  contains  the  whole  of  the  Pharma- 
in  or  Pharmacopoeias,  with  additions  by  the 
author,   under   whose  authority   alone  it   usually 
■s.     The  Pharmacopoeia,  in  other  words,  is 
officinal;    the    Dispensatory,   generally,   private. 
rly,  the  words  were  used  indiscriminately. 
Formulary,  and  Pharmacopoeia. 
DISPLACED,  see  Percolation. 
DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation. 
DISPOSITION,  DisporitPio,  from  oVt,  and  pn- 
*it,,m. '  to  put  or  set.'  A  particular  condition 
body,  which  renders  it  susceptible  of  alter- 
Idenly,  to  s   state  of  health   or  disease  ; — 
Dg  changed  for  the  worse. 


The  disposition  to  phthisis  pulmonalis  is  some- 
times so  strong,  owing  to  original  conformation, 
that  the  disease  will  make  its  appearance,  not- 
withstanding every  care.      See  Diathesis. 

DISPUTATIO,  Thesis. 
DISQUE  PROLIOBRB,  Proligerows  Disk. 
BISQUES   INTER  VERTJSBRAUX,  Inter- 
vertebral  cartilages  —  d.  Sanguins,  (J lobules  of 
the  blood. 

DISKUP'TIO,  from  disrumpere,  (din,  and  rum- 
perCy  I  '  to  hreak  off.'  A  puncture,  which  interests 
deep-seated  parts. 

DISSECTING  ANEURISM,  see  Aneurism. 
DISSECTIO,  Dissection— d.  Tendinum,  Te- 
notomy. 

DISSECTION,  Dissec'tio,  from  disseenre,  (dis, 
and  seeare,  sectum,  'to  cut,')  '  to  cut  open  :'  Diac1- 
opi,  Sec'tio  Anatom'ica,  Practical  Anatomy,  Ne- 
crotomy. An  operation,  by  which  the  different 
parts  of  the  dead  body  are  exposed,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  studying  their  arrangement  and  structure. 
Dissection  has  received  various  names,  according 
to  the  organ  concerned  ;  —  as  Osteotomy,  Syndes- 
motomy,  Myotomy,  Amjiotomy,  Neurotomy,  Des- 
motomy,  &c. 

DISSECTOR,  Prosec'tor,  Pro'tomtu,  same 
etymon,  (F.)  Pmsecteur.  A  practical  anatomist. 
One  who  prepares  the  parts  for  the  anatomical 
lecture. 

DISSEPIMENTUM   NARIUM,  Septum  na- 
rium — d.  Thoracis,  Mediastinum. 
DISSEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 
DISSERTATION,  INAUGURAL,  Thesis. 
DISSIDENTIA,  Diastasis. 
DISSIPIUM,  Diaphragm. 
DISSOLUTIO    SANGUINIS,    ILeraateclysis 
— d.  Ventriculi,  Gastrotnalaeia. 

DISSOLUTION,   Dissolu'tio,   Dial'ysis,   from 
dissolvere,  (dis,  and  solvere,  solution,)  'to  loosen,' 
'to  melt.'     This  word  is  in  frequent  use,  in  the 
writings  of  the  humorists.     It  is  employed,  par- 
ticularly, in  speaking  of  the  blood, — to  designate, 
not  its  entire  decomposition  or  putrefaction,  but 
a  diminution  in  its  consistence. 
DISSOLUTION,  Solution. 
DISSOL  VANTS,  Dissolventia, 
DISSOLVEN'TIA,   Solvents,  (F.)  Dissolvants. 
Same  etymon.     Medicines  believed  to  be  capable 
of  dissolving  swellings,  concretions,  &c.     Discu- 
tients,  Resolvents. 

DISTAD;  from  disto,  (di,  and  sto.)  'to  stand 
apart.'     Away  from  a  centre.     Towards  the  far 
extremity.      In  anatomy,  used   by  Dr.  Barclay 
adverhiallv.  to  signify  'towards  the  distal  aspect.' 
DISTAL  ASPECT.     An  aspect  of  a  bone  from 
the  trunk,  or  towards  the  extremity. — Barclay. 
DISTEMPER,  Disease. 
DISTEMPERANTIA,  Dyscras 
DISTEMPERED,  Sick. 

DISTENSIO.  Diatasis,  Tension,  Tetanus  —  d. 
Nervorum,  Tonvulsion. 

DISTENTION  DE  LA  VESICULE  DU 
FIEL,  Turgescentia  vesica'  felless. 

DISTICIII'ASIS,  Distich' ia,  Districh'ia,  Dis- 
trichiasis,  Distce'chia,  Distcechi'asis,  from  its, 
'double,'  and  ffrt^oj,  'a  row.'  An  increased  num- 
ber of  eyelashes;  some  turned  towards  the  eye, 
and  irritating  the  organ;  whilst  others  preserve 
their  natural  direction. — Galen,  Paulus  of  JSgina. 
See  Entropion. 

DISTILL  A'TION.  Dest  ill*,tio,8talag,mo*,tTom 
dfstiNnrr,  (de,  and  Stillarc,)  'to  drop,  little  by  lit- 
tle.' CaAastalag'mos,  An  operation,  by  which — by 
:  the  aid  of  heat  and  in  close  vessels — the  volatile 
are  separated  from  the  fixed  parts  of  bodies,  with 
ij  the  view  of  collecting  the  former,  when  con- 
densed in  appropriate  receivers.  The  ancients 
distinguished  distillation  per  latum,  per  aseen'sum, 
and  per  descen'sum,  according  to   the   direction 


DISTOCIA 


308 


DIYLISMUS 


■which  the  volatilized  matters  were  made  to  take. 
In  distillation  per  latus,  the  apparatus  is  so 
arranged,  that  the  vapour  passes  horizontally 
through  a  succession  of  spaces  before  reaching 
the  receiver.  Distillation  per  aseensum  is  the 
ordinary  method  by  the  still.  In  distillation  per 
descensum,  the  tire  is  applied  above  and  around 
the  top  of  the  apparatus ;  and  it  is  so  arranged 
that  the  vapour  must  pass  downwards.  When 
dry  organic  matter  is  placed  in  an  apparatus  for 
distillation,  and  heat  is  applied  until  all  volatile 
matter  is  driven  out,  the  process  is  called  dry  or 
destructive  distillation. 

Distillation,  Destructive,  see  Distillation —  j 
d.  Dry,  see  Distillation  —  d.  Per  Ascensum,  see 
Distillation — d.  Per  Descensum,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Per  Latus,  see  Distillation. 

DISTOCIA,  Ditoc'ia,  from  Sis,  '  twice/  and 
tokos,  '  birth.'  Delivery  of  twins. 
DISTCECHIA,  Distichiasis. 
DIST(ECHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 
DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,  Dis'tomum  hepat'- 
icum,  from  Sis,  and  cropa,  'mouth.'  Fasci'ola 
hepat'ica  seu  huma' na  seu  lanceola'ta,  Plann'ria 
latius'cula,  Gourd-worm,  Fluke,  Liver  Flnlce, 
(F.)  Douve,  D.  da  Foie.  An  obovate,  flat  worm, 
an  inch  in  length,  and  nearly  an  inch  broad; 
sometimes  found  in  the  gall-bladder  of  man, 
whence  it  occasionally  passes  into  the  intestinal 
canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most  common  varieties 
of  worms,  infesting  the  livers  of  the  sheep,  goat, 
ox,  stag,  fallow-deer,  horse,  ass,  hog,  hare,  &c. 
The  treatment  is  like  that  required  for  other 
■worms.  Distoma  seu  Distomum  lanceola'tum, 
a  different  species,  has  been  found  in  the  biliary 
ducts  of  man, — and  of  different  phytivorous  mam- 
malia.— Mehliss. 

Distoma  Oc'cli  Hcma'.vi,  Dis'tomum  oc'uli 
Tiuma'ni.  A  parasite  once  observed  in  the  eye  of 
a  child  who  had  suffered  from  lenticular  cataract. 
— Gescheidt. 

DISTOMUM  HAEMATOBIUM,  see  Worms  — 
d.  Hepaticum,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

DISTORSIO,  Distortion,  Sprain,  Strabismus 
— d.  Oris,  Canine  laugh. 

DISTORTION,  Distor'sio,  Intor'sio,  from  dis- 
torquere,  (dis,  and  torquere,  tortum,)  'to  wrest 
aside.'  Diastrem'ma,  Dias'trophe,  Ligys'ma,  (F.) 
Distorsion.  Usually  applied  to  the  preternatural 
curvature  of  a  bone ;  as  distortion  of  the  spine, 
limbs,  &c.  It  signifies,  also,  a  morbid  state  of 
the  muscles  of  the  eye,  constituting  squinting  or 
strabismus. 

DISTORTOR  ORIS,  Zvgomaticus  major. 
DISTRIBUTORS  LACTEA  THORACICA, 
Thoracic  duct. 

DISTRICHIA.  Distichiasis. 
DISTRICHIASI3,  Distichiasis. 
DISTRIX,  from  Sis,  'double,'  and  V£,  'the 
hair.'      Trichio'sis  distrix,   Fissu'ra   capillo'rum. 
Hairs  of  the  scalp,  weak,  slender,  and  splitting  at 
their  extremities. 
DITOCIA.  Distocia. 

DITRACHYC'ERAS,  from  Sis,  'two,'  rpaxvs, 
'rough/  and  Ktpas,  'horn.'  A  genus  of  intestinal 
■worms.  The  Ditrachyc'eras  rudis,  Die' eras  rudis, 
(F.)  Bicorne  rude.  This  fancied  entozoon  was 
first  observed  in  the  evacuations  of  a  female,  by 
M.  Sultzer,  of  Strasburg.  It  is  of  a  fawn  colour, 
from  3  to  5  lines  in  length,  with  an  oval  head, 
flattened  and  terminating  in  a  point  posteriorly  ; 
contained  in  a  membranous  sac,  and  furnished 
anteriorly,  with  a  bifurcated,  rugous  horn.  Laen- 
nec  considers  it  a  vesicular  worm  or  hydatid.  Ac- 
cording to  Von  Siebold,  there  is  no  such  ento- 
zoon. The  undigested  seed  of  the  mulberry, 
which  had  been  eaten,  was  mistaken  for  it. 
DITTAXDER.  Lepidium  sativum. 
DITTANY,    Cunila   Mariana — d.   American, 


Cunila  Mariana — d.  Bastard,  Dictamnus  albus — 
d.  of  Crete,  Origanum  dictamnus — d.  Mountain, 
Cunila  Mariana. 

DITTECOIA,  Double  hearing. 
DITTOPIA,  Diplopia. 
DITTOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

DIURESLESTH  E'SIS,  Diureticocesthe'eis, 
Uresicesthe'sis;  from  Siovpuv,  'to  pass  the  urine/ 
and  aieBnois,  'feeling.'  The  desire  or  want  to 
pass  the  urine. 

DIURE'SIS,  Diurism,  from  Sia,  'through  or 
by/  and  ovptu,  'I  pass  the  urine.'  (F.)  Diure'se. 
An  abundant  excretion  of  urine. 

DIURET'IC,    Diuret'icus,    Ischuret'ic,     same 
etymon  ;     Uret'icus,    Urina'lis.     (F.)   Diuretique. 
A  medicine  which  has  the  property  of  increasing 
the  secretion  of  urine.     Diuretics  act  by  produc- 
ing a  discharge  of  the  watery  and  other  parts 
of  the  blood  ;  and,  by  such  discharge,  indirectly 
promote  absorption  over  the  whole  system.  Hence, 
they  are  employed  in  dropsy.     The  following  are 
the  chief  Diuretics:  —  Cantharis;  Cantharis  Yit- 
tata;  Potassae  Aeetas;  Potassaa  Liquor;  Cahinca; 
Colchici  Radix;  Colchici  Semen  ;  Digitalis:  Dios- 
ma  Crenata;    Juniperus;    Oleum  Terebinthinae ; 
Potassae  Xitras;  Potassae  Bitartras;  Scilla;  Soda} 
Sales,  and  Spiritus  .Etheris  Nitrici. 
DIURETICA,  Arnica  Montana. 
DIURETICO-.ESTHESIS,  Diuresisesthesis. 
DIURISM,  Diuresis. 
DIVARICATIO,'  Ectropion. 
DIVERSORIUM  CHYLI.Receptaculum  chvli. 
DIVERTICULA   SPIRITUUM   AXIMA- 
LIUM,  Ganglions,  nervous. 

DIVERTICULUM,  Devertic'ulum.  (F.)  Di- 
verticule.  '  A  turning/ from  divertere,  (<li,  and 
vertere,)  'to  turn  aside.'  A  blind  tube  branch- 
ing out  of  the  course  of  a  longer  one.  An  organ 
which  is  capable  of  receiving  an  unusual  quan- 
tity of  blood,  when  the  circulation  is  obstructed 
or  modified  elsewhere,  is  said  to  act  as  a  diverti- 
culum, Also,  a  malformation  or  diseased  appear- 
ance of  a  part,  in  which  it  passes  out  of  its  regu- 
lar course.  It  is  sometimes  applied  to  such  a 
condition  of  the  alimentary  canal.  Also,  a  hole 
to  get  out  at.     A  by-passage.     See  Ectrope. 

Diverticulum  Nuc'kii.  The  opening  through 
which  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  pass. — 
Parr. 

Diverticulum  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele. 
DIYI'DING,  Div'idens,  from  dividere,  divisum, 
(di  or  dis,  and  the  Hetruscan  verb  id  no,  'to  part 
or  portion.')     (F.)  Divisif.     That  which  divides 
or  separates. 

Dividing  Baxdage,  Fas'cia  div'idens,  CF.) 
Bandage  divisif,  is  a  bandage  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  parts  separated  from  each 
other.  It  is  used  particularly  to  prevent  improper 
union;  as  in  cases  of  burns  of  the  neck  or  other 
parts. 

DIVINATIO.  Mantia. 
DIVISIF,  Dividing. 

DIVISION,  Divis'io,  Dice'resis.  Same  etymon. 
The  accidental  separation  of  parts  naturally 
united;  in  other  words,  a  wound  or  solution  of 
continuity.  Most  frequently,  however,  it  means 
an  operation,  which  consists  in  cutting  certain 
parts,  with  the  view  of  fulfilling  some  therapeu- 
tical indication. 

DIVUL'SIO,  Dias'pash,  from  divellere,  (dis, 
and  vellere,  vulsum,)  '  to  pull  asunder.'  A  term 
used  in  Surgery,  to  express  the  rupture  or  lacera- 
tion of  organs  by  external  violence. 

Divulsio  Urlx^:,  Cloudiness  of  urine.  —  See 
Enaeorema. 

DIXOX'S  ANTIBILI0U8  PILLS,  Piluke 
antibiliosae. 

DIYLISIS.  Colatio. 
DIYLISMUS,  Colatio. 


DIZZINESS 


309 


DOIGT 


DIZZINESS,  Vertigo. 
DIZZY,  V 

[ONE,  MINK  HAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
Luces, in  Italy.     It  is  thermal  saline.  | 
,.  \;  B,     \    .     a  m  imtc  of  the  Greeks, 

equal    to  about    lour  fingers'   breadth  :  Ductylo- 
durh' '«/»". 

li-H  [JfA'SIA,  0  r»    •'    .  Docima*iolog"ia, 

i,  'I  try  or  prove  the  quality  of  any  | 
:  assaying. 

N'Tu'lUW     ET     VkNENO'-  i 

bom.     The  testing  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

If,  1).  Pulmona'lis,  Pne- 
i  nft'a,    Puenobiomanti'a,   Pneobioman'tica. 

Lhu'i  i  •itinn  proof.     Different  proofs 

-  of  respiration  of  a  noa  -horn 
child  .i  oted,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting 

whether  it  baa  or  has  no!  respired  after  birth;  in  | 
other  words,  whether  it  was   born  alive  or  dead; 
isiobioamo*sisi    Pnetun'obim/copi.       These 
.  chiefly,  1.   In    testing  them   with  water, 
for  the  purpose  of  seeing  whether  the  lnngs  are 
specifically   heavier   or  lighter  than    that   fluid, 
i  Pulmo'numhydrostafica 
or  the  Hydrostatic  Test.     If  lighter,  it  would  be 
..  vidence  that  the  foetus   had  respired:  2. 
tnparing  the  weight  of  the  lungs  with  that 
of  the  whole  body;  the  weight  of  lungs  in  which 
tfion  has  taken  place  being  nearly  twice  as 
great,     This  is  Ducima'sia  Pulmo'num  Stat? tea, 
or   Plouequet's    Test;   and,  3.  By  measuring  the 
circumference  of  the  thorax  and  lungs;  and  com- 
.-  their  dimensions  with  those  of  an  infant 
which   has   not  respired.     That  is  Daniel's  Test. 
These    tests,   singly,    afford   only   probable    evi- 
dence; but  when  united,  the  deductions  may  be 
tonelusive. 
[MASIOLOGIA,  Docimasia. 
DOCK.  Rumez — d.  Litter.  Rumex  ohtusifolius 
—  .1.    Bloody,    Rumex  sanguineus  —  d.  Bloody- 
veined,    Rumex    sanguineus  —  d.    Bluntdeaved, 
Rumex  obtusifoliua. 

Do'  .  Lapsana. 

Dock.  Ciiu.k:),  Rumex  crispus — d.  Sour, Rumex 

■Mtocus,  R.  crispus — '1.  Soar,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 

furmis  —  d.  Spatter.  Xuphar  advena  —  d.  Water, 

i  hydrolapathum — d.  Wild,  sharp-pointed, 

Run.  —1.  Yellow,  Rumex  crispus. 

DOCKEN,  Rumex. 

\\    -TLA.    MINERAL   WATERS   OF. 

This  spring  is  in  the  Erapaeb  mountains.     The 

roaiainj  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate   of 

shloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime,  silica, 

and  iron. 

/.'.  Doctor,  Physician. 
.    Med'icus,    from    ductus,   'learned;' 
'  mi  komrne  '/ni  devrait  ttre  docte.'    A  Physician, 
nar.     (F.)  Docteur,   M&- 
Frequently  applied  to  anyone  who  prae- 
edicine  ;  although  properly  confined  to  him 
who  hi  of  Doctor  of  Modi- 

Physician. 
f  »  I'"  roa  i-  -  >metimes  used,  vulgarly,  for  to 
'•  treat  with  drn  i 

3'  STUFF,  Bee  Medicament 
DOCTRINA  GALLIANA,  Craniology— d.  So- 

DOCTRINE  HOMCEO-ORQANIQUE,  IIo- 

! "KINK.  MED'ICAL,  Doctri'um  M 
The  principles  or  positions  of  any   medical  sect 
or  ma-t.-r.      Medicine   has   been    too   full   of  doc- 
One  of  the  first  was  that  of  Herodieos 
.  who  rooommended  gymnastic  exer- 
ase.     The  chief  founders  of  doctrines 
Hippocrates.  Scrapinn  of  Alexandria, 
Philin  ilerophilus,  Asclepiades,    The- 

misnn  i.  Thesaalos  of  Trallee,  Soranus 

of  Ephesus,  Leonides  of  Alexandria,  Athemtus 


<>f  Attalia,  Archigenes  of  Apamsea,  Agathinns  of 
Sparta.  Qalenus,  Paracelsus,  John  Baptist  van 
Helmont,    Sylvius   de   le    Boe,    Keill,   Bamberger, 

Pitcairne,  H.  Boerhaare,  J.  1>.  Staid,  Frederick 
Hoffmann,  Qeorge  Baglivi,  Cnllen,  Darwin,  John 
Brown,  Beddoes,  Girtanner,  Rail,  Rush,  Rasori, 
and  Broussais. 

Doctrine,    Physiological,  Bronasaism. 
DODDER,  Cuscuta  glomerata  —  d.  American, 
Cnscnta  glomerata  —  d.  of  Thyme,  Cuscuta   epi- 
thvmum. 

DODECADACTYLITIS,  Duodenitis. 
DODECADACTYLON,  Duodenum. 
DODBCAPHAR'MACTJM,    from    Zu>Sc*a, 
'twelve,'  and  </>ap/ia«rov,  'a  medicine.'     An  ancient 
i,  line  given  to  all  medicines  which  consisted  of 
twelve  ingredients.  See  Apostolorum  Unguentum. 
DODECATH'EON,  from  SvSaca,  'twelve.'  and 
rtSrifii,  '  I  put.'     An  antidote,  consisting  of  twelve 
simple  substances. — Paulus  of /E<jina. 

Dopecatueon,  Sanicula — d.  Pliuii,  Pinguicola 
vulgaris. 

DODOXiEA,  Myrica  gale. 
Dodon.k'a    Tiunbkkgia'na.     A  shrub  of  the 
Nat.  Ord.  Sapindacea?,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.     A  decoction  of  the  root  is  used 
as  a  gentle  cathartic  in  fever. 
DODRANS,  Spithama. 
DOGCHOAK,  Cynanche. 

DOGDAYS,  (F.)  Jours  Canicvlaires.  During 
these  days,  comprised  between  the  24th  of  July 
and  the  23d  of  August,  the  temperature  of  the 
air  in  Europe  is  generally  high  and  oppressive. 
They  have  received  this  name  from  the  dogstar, 
Canic'ula,  Ycifnos,  Si'rius  —  a  very  brilliant  star 
in  the  constellation  of  the  great  dog,  which  rises 
and  sets,  at  this  time,  with  the  sun.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  to  be  a  period  particularly  unpro- 
pitious  to  health  ;  that  it  wa.s  dangerous  to  pargO 
during  it;  and  other  phantasies  were  indulged  in 
regard  to  it. 

DOGGRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
D0(xHIP,  see  Rosa  canina. 
DOGMAT'IC,  from  the  Greek  ioyfta,  hoynnros, 
from  6okc(o,  'I  think.'     Dogmat'icus,  (F.)  Dogma- 
tique.     The  name  of  an  ancient  medical  sect;  so 
called,  because  its  members  endeavoured,  by  rea- 
soning, to  discover  the  essence  of  diseases  and 
their  occult  causes;    whilst  the  Empiric*,   their 
rivals,  confined  themselves  strictly  to  experience; 
II  i.  e.,  to  the  observation  of  facts.     The  union  of 
the  two  modes  of  investigation  makes  the  rational 
|!  physician.     These  sectarians  are  likewise  called 
Dog'matists,  and  their  doctrine  /)>></' matism.     The 
|!  founders  of  the  sect  were  Hippocrates,  Theeealuv, 
Draco,  and  Polybius  ;   and   the  most  celebrated 
of  its  supporters  were  Diodes  of  Carysta,  Praxa- 
goras   of   Cos,   Chrysippus   of  Soli,   Ilerophilus, 
Erasistratus,  Ac. 

DOGS'  BANE,  Apocynum  androsa?mifolium — 
d.  Bane,  bitter,  Apocynum  androsssmifoliam. 
DOGS'  CLASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGS'  STONES,  Orchis  masoula. 

DOGSTAR,  Canicula. 

DOGTREE,  Cornus  Florida. 

DOGWOOD,  Cornus  Florida  — d.  Blucberried, 
Cornui  Sericea  —  d.  Female,  Cornus  .-.ticca  —  d. 
Florid,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Great  flowered,  Cornus 
Florida — d.  Jamaica.  Piscidia  ervthrina — d.  New 

England,  Cornus  sericea  —  d.  Panioled,  Cornas 
panieulata  —  d.  Pond,  Cepbalanthns  oocidentalis 

— d.  Silky-leaved,  Cornus  sericea— d.  Virginian, 
male,  Cornus  Florida  —  d.  Round-leave.  1,  Cornus 
circinnta — d.  Striped,  Acer  Pennsylvanicum — .1. 
Swamp,  Cornus  sericea,  PteJea  trifoliata  —  d. 
White,  Cornus  panieulata. 

DOIGT,  Digitus  —  d.  Auriculaire,  Auricular 
finger  — '/.  Milieu,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Petit,  see  Di- 
gitus— d.  SumumSraire,  Digitus  supernuuierarius. 


DOIGTIER 


310 


DORSUM 


BO  TOTTER,  Digitale,  Digitalis  —  d.  d'Asdru- 
bali,  see  Digitale.       A 

DO  TOTS  PALMES,  Dactylion. 
DOITTRIE,  see  Dementia. 
DOKE.  Contusion. 
DOLABRA.  Ascia,  Doloire. 
DOLTC,  Dolichos. 

DOLICIIOCEPH'ALiE  (GENTES):  from  So- 
Xj^oj,  'long,' and  Ke^aXrj,  'head.'  'Longheads.' 
Nations  of  men  whose  cerebral  lobes  completely 
cover  the  cerebellum  —  as  the  Kelts,  Germans. 
negroes,  &c.     Retzius. 

DOLICIIOCEPHA'LIA  ;  same  etymon.  Mon- 
strosity, in  which  the  head  is  abnormously  long. 
DOL'ICHOS,  from  ho\ix»<;,  'long.'  A  genus 
of  plants  of  the  leguminous  family,  (F.)  Dolic, 
Dolique.  It  includes  a  number  of  species,  gene- 
rally indigenous  in  India  or  America.  The  Dol'- 
ichos Lablab,  or  Lablab,  is  found  in  Egypt. 
(Prospero  Alpini.)  Its  fruit  is  eaten  there,  like 
the  haricot  with  us.  The  Dol'ichos  Sinen'sia,  is 
eaten  in  China,  and  is  stored  up  as  a  provision 
for  long  voyages.  The  Dol'ichos  Tubero'sus,  (F.) 
Pois  Patnte  of  Martinique,  has  tuberous  roots  of 
the  size  of  both  fists,  and  has  the  consistence  and 
taste  of  the  turnip.  The  Dol'ichos  Bulbo'sus  of 
the  West  Indies  resembles  the  turnip; — and  from 
the  seeds  of  the  Dol'ichos  Sofa,  the  Japanese  pre- 
pare the  well-known  sauce  Soy,  which  they  term 
Sooja.     The  most  important  in  medicine  is  the 

Dol'ichos  Pru'riens,  Dol'ichos,  Stizoln'bium, 
Mucu'na  pru'riens,  Negre'tia  pru'riens,  Cowhage, 
Cowitch,  Adsnrin  Pain.  Order,  Leguminosae. 
(F.)  Pois  a  gratter.  The  stiff  hairs  of  the  Dolt- 
chos  Pods,  called  Dolichos  Pubes,  D.  Prurien'tis 
jmbes,  Dolichi  Setm  Legu'minum,  Lanu'go  Sil'i- 
quce  hirsu'tcs,  Mucu'na  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ore  the  parts 
used  in  medicine.  They  excite  an  intolerable, 
prurient  sensation,  when  applied  to  the  skin ;  but 
do  not  irritate  the  mucous  membrane  over  which 
they  pass,  when  administered  internally.  The 
Dolichos  is  a  mechanical  anthelmintic,  and  is 
useful  in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides,  and 
oxyures  vermiculares.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  x,  of  the 
pubes,  in  molasses. 

Mucu'na  pruri'ta,  a  distinct  species,  but  pos- 
sessing similar  properties,  grows  in  the  East 
Indies. 

DOLT  QUE,  Dolichos. 

DOLOIRE  (F.),  As'cia,  Dola'bra,  <a  carpen- 
ter's axe.'  A  Bandage  en  doloire  is  one  in  which 
the  turns  are  so  placed,  that  each  one  covers  two- 
thirds  of  that  which  is  immediately  beneath  it. 
It  has  received  the  name  Doloire  from  its  repre- 
senting the  obliquity  of  the  edge  of  the  instrument 
whose  name  it  bears.     See  Bandage. 

DOLOR,  Pain— d.  Ani,  Proctalgia— d.  Capitis, 
Cephalalgia — d.  Cephalicus,  Cephalalgia — d.  Co- 
licus.  Colic — d.  Crucians  faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial 
— d.  Dentium,  Odontalgia — d.  Dentium  a,  stridore, 
Hsemodia — d.  Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial — d.  Ischi- 
adicus  nervosus,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitasa  —  d. 
Lenis,  Hypodynia — d.  Mitis,  Hypodynia — d.  Ne- 
phreticus.  Nephralgia — d.  Pectoris  externum,  Pleu- 
rodynia— d.  Pudendorum,  Pudendagra — d.  Rheu- 
maticus  et  arthriticus,  Rheumatism. 

DOLORES  AD  PARTUM,  Pains,  labour—  d. 
Intestinorum,  Colic  —  d.  Parturientis,  Pains,  la- 
bour— d.  Post  partum,  Pains,  after — d.  Puerpera- 
rum.  Pains,  after  —  d.  Rodentes,  Pains,  gnawing. 
DOLP,  Nates. 

DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Arauca'ria  Dom- 
bey'i.  A  tree  of  Chili,  which  furnishes  Dombeya 
turpentine  ;  a  glutinous,  milky-looking  fluid  of  a 
strong  odour  and  taste. 

D  0  M  E  S  '  T I C,  Domes' ticns,  from  dom  us,  '  a 
house.'  The  term  Domestic  or  Pop'ular  Med'i- 
cine,  has  been  given  to  treatises  written  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  those  who  are  not  of  the  pro- 


fession to  treat  diseases,  which  may  occur  in  their 
families,  without  the  necessity  of  calling  in  a 
physician.  The  term,  likewise,  signifies — Medi- 
cine, when  thus  practised.  It  is  probable,  that 
such  works  have  been  attended  with  mischievous 
as  well  as  advantageous  results. 

DOMINA'RUM  AQUA.  A  medicine  described 
by  Mvrepsus,  which  he  considered  emmenngogue. 
DOMPTE-YENIN,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 
DOMUS  LEPROSARIA,  Ladrerie. 
DONDO,  Albino. 
DONESIS,  Agitation. 
DOORWEED,  Polygonum. 
DORADILLA,  Asplenium  ceterach. 
DORCADIZON,  Caprizans. 
DOREA,  Heineralops. 

DOREMA  AMMONIACUM,  see  Ammoniac, 
Gum. 

DORMITATIO,  Somnolency. 
DORMITIO,  Sleep  —  d.  Lucuraoriana,  see  Lu- 
cumorianus. 

D  0  R  0 NIC,  Doronicum  pardalianches  —  d. 
d'AHemagne,  Arnica  montana. 

DORONICUM  ARNICA,  Arnica  montana— d. 
Cordatum,  D.  Pardalianches  —  d.  Germanicum, 
Arnica  montana — d.  Officinale,  D.  Pardalianches 
— d.  Oppositifolium,  Arnica  montana. 

Doron'icum  Pardalian'cHes,  D.  Romn'nnm 
seu  Corda'tum  seu  Officinale,  Roman  Leopard's 
Bane,  (F.)  Doronic,  Doroniqne,  Mori  aux  Pan- 
theres.  The  root  of  this  plant  resembles  Arnica 
Montana  in  its  properties. 

Doronicum  Plantaginis  Folio,  Arnica  mon- 
tana— d.  Roinanum,  D.  Pardalianches. 
DORSAD,  see  Dorsal  Aspect. 
DORSAL,  Dorsa'lis,  from  dorsum,  'the  back.' 
Notics'us,  Notal,  Tergal.  Relating  to  the  back 
of  the  body,  or  of  one  of  its  parts ;  as  the  Dorsal 
vertebra?.,  nerves,  &c. ;  Dorsal  artery  of  the  tongue, 
penis,  &c;  Dorsal  region  of  the  foot,  ha>id,  etc.: 
Dorsal  Consumption,  <fcc. 

Dorsal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  dor- 
sum or  backbone.  —  Barclay.  Dorsad  is  used  by 
the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  '  towards 
the  dorsal  aspect.' 

DORSAL,  LONG,  Longissimus  dorsi. 
DORSALIS,  Dorsal. 

Dorsa'lis  Penis,  (Nervus.)  The  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  nerve,  which  is  distributed  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  male  organ;  and  to  the 
clitoris  of  the  female. 

DORSCH,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 
DORSE,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 
DORSO-COSTAL,  Serratus  posticus  superior 
— d.  Lombo-costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — d. 
Lombosacro-humeral,  Latissimus  dorsi  —  d.  Sus- 
acromien,  Trapezius — d.Trachelon-occipital,  Com- 
plexus. 

DORSTENIA  BRASILIENSIS,  Caa-apia. 
Dorstenia  Contrayer'va,  called  after  Dr. 
Dorsten  ;  D.  Housto'nii,  Contrayer'va,  Drake' na, 
Oype'rna  longus  odo'rus  seu  Perua'nns,  Bczoar'- 
dica  Radix,  Lisbon  Contrayer'va,  (F.)  Racine  de 
Charcis  ou  de  Dracke  ou  des  Philippines.  Order, 
Urticeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetandria  Monogynia.  A 
plant  of  South  America,  whose  root,  Contrayer'va 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  aromatic,  bitter,  and  astringent. 
It  has  beeu  given  as  a  tonic,  stimulant  and  sudo- 
rific.    Dose,  gr.  xij  to  gss. 

Dorstenia  Cordifolia,  D.  Brasiliensis  —  d. 
Placentoides,  D.  Brasiliensis — d.  Vitella,  D.  Bra- 
siliensis. 

DORSUM,  Notos,  Noton.  The  back.  Metaph'- 
renon,  Tergum,  (Prov.)  Rig.  (F.)  Dos.  The  pos- 
terior part  of  the  trunk,  extending  from  the  infe- 
rior and  posterior  region  of  the  neck  as  far  as  the 
loins.  The  back  of  the  foot,  Dorsum  pedis,  is  the 
upper  part  of  that  organ,  opposite  the  sole :  the 


DORYCIMUM 


311 


DRACONTH'M 


hciek  of  ili'-  hand,  Dorsum  Moafls,  the  part  op- 

to  the  palm.     In  the  iun«  mbm,  we  siy 

penis,  Dortmm  nasi,  for  the  upper  part  of 

:  _: :  1 1 1  s . 

Dorsum,  Vertebral  column —  d.  Ephippii,  see 
Bella  turcica— (1.  Mantis.  ( >pi>thenar. 

DORYCIMUM,  Coetaa  creticus. 

DOS,  Dorsum. 

DO  SAGE,  Posology. 

DOSE,  Dosis,  Prm'bium.  The  quantity  of  any 
substance,  which  ought  to  form  part  of  a  com- 
pound medicine,  or  ought  to  be  exhibited  singly, 
to  produce  *  desired  effect  Many  circumstances 
Influence  the  doses  of  medicine.  Women  require 
mallei  i  general  principle,  than  men. 

bas  a  great  effect,  as  well  as  climate,  age, 
and  idiosyncrasy :  all  these,  and  other  circum- 
stances, must  be  taken  into  account  :  ami  every 
general  rule  on  the  Bubject  will  be  found  to  have 
numerous  exceptions.  Some  of  the  mechanical 
physicians  laid  it  down  as  a  rule,  that  the  doses 
of  medicines  must  always  be  as  the  square  of  the 
mmstitntion ! — A  matter  not  easy  of  calculation. 

The  following  Tables  will  exhibit  an  approxi- 
mation to  the  proper  doses  (according  to  age)  of 
lubetanees. 

Table  of  Doses  according  to  Age. 


Let  the  full  dose  be 

1 

1  drachm. 

18 

will  require 

2  scruples. 

14 

. 

half. 

-J  drachm. 

7 

. 

l-3d. 

1  scruple. 

4 

. 

1  4th. 

15  grains. 

3 

. 

l-6th. 

1"  grains. 

o 

- 

1-Mh. 

B  grains. 

1 

- 

1-lL'th. 

5  grams. 

The   table  of  dose?,  according  to  age,  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Thomas  Young,  differs   in  some 
ts  from  the  above.     Either  affords  a  suffi- 
cient general  approximation.     His  rule  is,  that 

children,    under  twelve  years  of  age,   the 
/  must   medicines   must   be  diminished  in 
th>    proportion  of  the  aye  to  the  aye  increased  by 
• 

o 

Thus  at  two  years,  to  l-7th;  i.  e.,  l-7th 


2  +  12 
At  twenty-one  the  full  dose  is  given. 

S,  Broke*.     When  an  agent  is  given  in 
small   portions  it  is  said  to  be  iu  broken  doses, — 
i  dosibus. 
DOSIOLOGIA,  Posology. 
D0SI8,  ! 

3IL,  Bonrdonwet. 
DOTAGE,  Dementia, 
DOTHIEN,  Furunculus. 
DOTHIRNENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 
DOTHlENENTftRIE,  Dothinenteritis. 
DOTHINENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 
D0THINENTERI/TI8,  properly  Dothicnente- 
l  -'in,    Dothinenter'ia,    Enteri'tis 

Enterodothie'nia,    ffelcenteri'tis,   FoU 
l'"-'t<i"  i'tis,  from  .V-iri*.   'a  pustule,' 

and  tvTtocr,  'intestine.'     (F.)  Dothinentirite,  Do- 
(hinentfrie,Dothi(tn  ntirie,Dothiim  ntfrite.   An  in- 
flammation and  ul'-.  ration  of  the  glands  or  folli- 
Peyer  and  Brunner,  which    Bretonneau 

the         nee  of  a  large  c 
l  trticutarly  of  those  of  the  typhoid  cha 
meter.     Bee  Typhus. 
DOTHION,  Furanculus. 
DOTTRINA   MK  I)  I  (A   ITA  LIANA,  Contro. 
stimulus,  (doctrine  of.) 

.  lugluvics. 


DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS,  see  Conscious- 
ness, d  >uble. 

DOUBLE-HEARING,  Dipleco'ia,  Ditteco'ia, 
Paracu'eie  duplica'ta  sen  imperfecta.  The  ac- 
tion of  the  one  ear  unaecordaiit  with  that  of  the 
other:  souuds  heard  doubly,  and  in  different  tones 
or  keys. 

DOUBLE-MONSTERS,  see  Duplication. 

DOUBLB-QUARTE,  sec  Quartan. 

DOUBLE-Ql  OTIDIBNNE,  see  Quotidian. 
VOX  BLE-TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 
VOUCE-AMERE,  Bolanum  dulcamara. 

Iinl  CHE  (F.).  In  Italian,  doccia:  modern 
Latin,  dueia /    Cataclys'mus,   Douse.     This   term 

is  applied  to  a  column  of  fluid,  of  a  determi- 
nate nature  and  temperature,  let  fall  upon 
the  body.  Pumping  is  a  variety  of  the  Douche. 
In  using  this  kind  of  hath,  the  fluid  IS  directed 
upon  the  part  on  which  we  are  desirous  of  acting. 
The  douches  descendants  are  those  in  which  the 
fluid  falls  from  a  height, — the  douche*  ascendan- 
tes,  those  administered  in  diseases  of  the  uterus. 
— the  douches  horizontal**,  where  the  fluid  is  im- 
pelled horizontally,  <fce.  They  may  be  cold  or 
warm,  according  to  circumstances.  The  appa- 
ratus consists  of  a  reservoir  of  water  having  a 
pipe  or  plug,  by  means  of  which  the  water  can  be 
directed  as  the  practitioner  may  desire.  The 
Douche  communicates  a  considerable  and  peculiar 
shock  to  the  nervous  system  ;  and  is  one  of  the 
most  successful  means  for  taming  the  furious 
maniac.  It  is,  also,  useful  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
stiff  joints,  &c. 

Douches  of  air  are,  also,  occasionally  used,  as 
in  cases  of  obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube  by 
mucus.  They  arc  sent  from  an  air-press  —  of 
which  Deleau  and  Kramer  have  invented  one- 
each — through  a  catheter  introduced  through  the 
nose  into  the  tube. 

DOULEUR,  Pain—aT.  de  CSti,  Pleurodynia— 
d.  des  Dents,  Odontalgia — d.  de  V Estormtc,  Cardial- 
gia — d.  Nivralgique  de  VBstomac,  Cardialgia — d. 
Pulsative,  see  Throbbing. 

JDOULEURS,  l'ains,  labour — d.  Conquassantes, 
see  Gonquassant. 

DOUNT,  Palpitation. 

DOUP.  Nates. 

DOUSE,  Douche. 

DOUVE,  Distoma  hepatieum  —  d.  du  Foie, 
Distoma  hepatieum — d.  Petite,  Ranunculus  flaui- 
mula. 

DOWN,  see  Attack. 

DOWP,  Nates. 

DOYLE,  Strabismus. 

DRAC1II0N.  Pugillus. 

DRACHM,  Drachma,  Dram,  (F.)  Gm».  The 
ancient  name  of  a  piece  of  money,  weighing  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce.  At  the  present  day  it 
is  used  for  this  weight. 

DRACO  MITIGATES,  Hydrargyri  submurias 
— d.  Sylvestris,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRACO  CEP  II 'ALUM  CAN  A  RI  EN'SE, 
I).  Moldav'icum,  from  6puKu>v,  'a  dragon/  and 
KEipaXrj,  'head,'  from  the  shape  of  the  corolla. 
Melts' sa  Tur'cica  sen  Canarien'sis,  Cedronel'la 
triphyl'la,  Alpi'ni  Bal'samum,  Turkey  or  Oana'ry 
Balsam,  Balm  of  GiVead  Tree,  (V.)  MeHiete  de 
Moldavie.  Ord.  Labiata).  A  Turkish  and  Sibe- 
rian plant,  which  has  an  aromatic  taste,  joined 
with  an  agreeable  flavour.  It  has  been  used  u  a 
tonic. 

DRACONTHiBMA,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRACONTIUM,  Dracunculus.  See,  also,  Dra- 
contium  foetiduui. 

Duacon'tii  m  Fce'tiim-m,  Draeon'tium,  from 
6eaKuv,  'a  dragon,'  whose  tail  the  roots  resem- 
ble, feto'des  for'tidus,  Symploear'pus  fat'tida, 
Pothus  fu-'tida  seu  Puto'rii,  Arum  America' mm 


DRACUNCULUS 


312 


DRINK 


b?t(p.  fo'lio,  Spathye'ma  fe'tida,  Skunk-cabbage, 
Skunk-weed,  Polecat-collar d}  Cow-col-lard,  Col- 
lard,  Itch-weedy  Stink-poke,  Sicamp-cabbage,Pole'  - 
i-'tt-weed,  Jlel'lebore,  El'lebore,  Irish  cabbage. 
Ord.  Aroideae  or  Aracea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  This  indigenous  plant,  as  some  of 
its  names  import,  is  extremely  fetid.  The  pro- 
perty on  which  its  medical  virtues  are  dependent, 
resides  in  a  volatile  principle,  which  is  impaired 
by  lung  keeping,  especially  in  powder.  Dose,  of 
the  dried  root,  Dracontium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  ten  to 
twenty  grains.  It  resembles  asafcetida  and 
other  fetid  gums  in  its  properties  ;  in  other  words, 
belongs  to  the  class  of  reputed  antispasmodics. 

Dracontium  Angustis'patha,  Symplocar'pus 
Angustis'patha,  Narroic-spathed  Skunk-cabbage, 
U  possessed  of  similar  properties. 

DRACUN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  fya/cwv,  'a 
dragon  or  serpent,'  D.  Gor'dius,  Dracon'tium, 
Vena  Medi'na  Ar'abum,  Vena  seu  Gor'dius  Medi- 
t:  en' sis,  Medinogor' diu*,  Vermic'ulus  Capilla'ris, 
Fif-a'ria  Medinen'st's  seu  Guineen'sis,  Afalis  Dra- 
c-m' cuius  seu  Gor'dii,  Helminthon' cus  Medinensis, 
Muscular  Hairworm,  Bichios,  Bicho,  Guinea 
Worm  or  Threadworm,  (F.)  Dragonneau,  Ver  de 
Guinee,  Ver  Filaire,  V.  de  Medine,  V.  cutane, 
Veine  ou  Filaire  de  Medine.  A  genus  of  worms, 
frequently  met  with  in  Indian  and  African  climes. 
They  are  characterized  by  a  filiform  body,  and 
are  smooth  and  nearly  of  equal  thickness  through- 
out. The  Guinea  worm,  when  small,  insinuates 
itself  through  the  cutaneous  pores,  and  pene- 
trates into  the  areolar  membrane  and  between  the 
muscles;  especially  between  those  of  the  lower 
limbs,  where  it  occasions  a  tumour  like  a  boil, 
which  subsequently  suppurates,  and  the  head  of 
the  worm  appears  and  emerges  gradually.  The 
bead  must  then  be  seized,  and  the  worm  be  cau- 
tiously rolled  round  a  small  cylinder  of  linen  or 
other  substance.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to 
break  it,  as  great  pain  and  obstinate  suppuration 
might  be  the  consequence. 

Considerable  obscurity  rests  on  this  subject. 
Some  even  deny  that  the  cases  of  Dracunculus, 
on  record,  are  really  those  of  worms. 

Dracunculus  Polyphyllus,  Arum  dracuncu- 
lus— d.  Pratensis,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRAGEES,  (F.)  Almonds  or  dried  preserves, 
covered  with  white  sugar;  Sugar-plums. 

DRAGEES  DE  KEYSER.  A  pharmaceuti- 
cal preparation,  formerly  much  celebrated  in 
syphilis.  It  was  composed  of  acetate  of  mercury, 
manna,  starch,  mucilage  and  gum  tragacanth. 

DRAGMA,  Pugillus. 

DRAGMIS,  Pugillus. 

DRAGON  (F.),  Dragon.  Some  authors  have 
given  this  name  to  opake  spots  on  the  cornea, 
and  to  cataract. 

Dragon  Claw,  Scaly,  Pterospora  andromedea 
—  d.  Green,  Arum  dracontium  —  d.  Root,  Arum 
triphyllum,  Pterospora  andromedea  —  d.  Turnip, 
Arum  triphyllum. 

DRAGON'S  BLOOD,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRAGONNEAU,  Dracunculus. 

DRAINING,  Desicea'tio,  (F.)  Dessechement. 
The  act  of  drawing  off  the  water  from  marshes, 
for  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  unhealthy  ema- 
nations which  proceed  from  them.  It  is  a  well 
known  fact,  that  from  marshes  arise  certain  ema- 
nations or  miasmata,  with  the  nature  of  which 
Vv  e  are,  however,  totally  unacquainted,  but  which 
are  the  fertile  source  of  intermittents  and  other 
diseases.  Draining  the  soil  and  converting  it 
into  arable  land  changes  its  character,  and  the 
malaria  ceases  to  be  given  off.  It  has  happened, 
however,  that  although  in  some  such  situations 
intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of,  consumptions 
have  taken  their  place. 


DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mineral 
waters  of. 

DRAKENA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

DRAM,  Melancholic. 

DRAPEAU{^.),  Vexil'lum,  from  drap,  'cloth.' 
A  bandage,  used  in  wounds,  «tc,  of  the  nose,  to 
keep  the  dressings  in  situ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
small  triangular  compress,  having  two  openings 
at  its  inferior  part,  corresponding  to  those  of  the 
nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by  means  of  a  bandage, 
passing  from  its  superior  angle  over  the  head, 
and  another  passing  round  the  head,  under  the 
orbits,  so  as  to  join  the  first  at  the  nape  of  the 
neck.     Also,  Pterygion. 

DRAP  FANON,  see  Fanon. 

DRASTIC,  Dras'ticus,  Cenot'ic,  (F.)  Drastique, 
from  dpau,  'I  operate  strongly.'  Active.  An 
epithet  given  to  purgatives,  which  operate  power- 
fully ;  as  elaterium,  oil  of  croton,  &c. 

DRAUGHT,  Haustus.  A  term  also  applied, 
by  nurses,  to  the  sudden  rush  of  blood  to  the 
mammae,  occasioned  in  the  mother  by  the  sight, 
or  even  thought,  of  her  infant,  and  which  occa- 
sions a  greatly-increased  secretion  of  milk. 

Draught,  Black,  see  Infusum  sennas  cornpo- 
situm. 

DRAWING,  see  Digestives. 

DRAX,  Pugillus. 

DREAM,  Somnium — d.  Waking,  Hallucination. 

DRECHE,  Malt. 

DREGISTER,  Druggist. 

DREGS,  Feculence. 

DRENCH,  (Sax.  tonencean,  'to  soak.')  To 
give  liquid  physic  by  force.  A  liquid  medicine, 
given  by  violence,  is  called  "a  drench." 

DREPANOIDES,  Falciform. 

DRESS,  Vestitus. 

DRESSER,  from  (F.)  dresser,  'to  put  right/ 
An  hospital  assistant,  whose  office  it  is  to  dress 
wounds,  ulcers,  &c.  He  corresponds  in  function 
to  the  Eleve  externe  of  the  French  hospitals. 

DRESSING,  Cura,  Cura'tio,  (F.)  Pavsement. 
Same  etymon.  The  methodical  application  of 
any  remedy  or  apparatus  to  a  diseased  part. 
Also,  the  remedy  or  apparatus  itself. 

DRIBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  At 
the  small  town  of  Driburg,  near  Pyrmont,  in 
Germany,  there  are  nine  springs,  which  are  rich 
in  saline  ingredients,  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas. 
Their  action  on  the  ecomony  is  like  that  of  Pyr- 
mont water.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate 
of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

DRIMYPHA'GIA,  from  Spifivg,  'acrid/  'aro- 
matic/ and  <payu),  'I  eat'  An  aromatic  and  ex- 
citing diet. 

DRIMYS  WINTERI,  Wintera  aromatica. 

DRINK,fromSax.'Dpencan,Po»m..Po7/o..Pof;/s, 
Bev'erage,  (F.)  Boisson.  Every  liquid  introduced 
into  the  alimentary  canal  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
pairing the  loss  of  the  fluid  parts  of  the  body. 
The  necessity  for  its  use  is  indicated  by  the  sen- 
sation of  thirst.  Fluid,  taken  during  a  meal,  aids 
in  the  digestion  of  the  food.  Some  drinks  are 
exciting  and  tonic,  as  the  different  varieties  of 
beer,  wine,  and  spirits,  which  we  use  at  table. 
In  a  therapeutical  point  of  view,  drinks  are  used 
to  appease  the  thirst  which  prevails  in  febrile 
affections,  or  to  act  as  diluents  in  those  and  other 
cases. 

The  ordinary  drinks,  according  to  their  chemi- 
cal composition,  are  —  1.  Water,  spring  water, 
river  water,  well  water,  &c. — 2.  Juices  and  infu- 
sions of  Animal  and  Vegetable  substances,  lemon 
juice,  currant  juice,  whey,  tea,  coffee,  mattee,  Ac. 
—  3.  Fermented  Liquors,  wines,  ale,  beer,  cider, 
perry. — 4.  Spirituous  Liquors,  brandy,  alcohol, 


DRIVELLING 


313 


DUCKFOOT 


ether,   kirsehwasser,    rum,    arack,    gin,    whisky,  ' 
ratafias,  c<>nlials,  Ac. 

DRIVELLING,  Slavering. 
DROAT,  Throat 
DRODDUM,  Nates. 
DROGUE,  Drug. 

DROOUIER  (F.).     Same  etymon  as  drua;.    A 
collection  of  different  simple  medicinal  substances. 
A  methodical  collection  of  specimens  of  drugs. 
PROOUISTE,  Druggist. 
DKnirii.  Nanus. 

DROIT,  Rectus— d.  de  V Abdomen,  Rectus  ab- 
dominis— d.  Auterieur  de  la  euisse,  Rectus  femoris 
—  d.  Antirxeur  de  la  tete,  Rectus  capitis  internus 
minor  —  d.  Anterieur  de  la  tete,  grand,  Rectus 
capitis  internus  major  —  d.  Externe  de  Voeil,  Rec- 
tus cxternus  oculi  —  d.  Inferieur  de  Vail,  Rectus 
inferior  oculi  —  d.  Interne  de  la  euisse,  Gracilis — 
d.  Interne  de  Va.ll,  Rectus  internus  oculi  —  d. 
Latrral  de  la  tete,  Rectus  capitis  lateralis  —  d. 
PotUrieur  de  la  tete,  grand,  Rectus  capitis  posti- 
cus major — d.  PoHttrieur  de  la  tete,  petit,  Rectus 
capitis  posticus  minor — d.  Superieur,  Rectus  su*- 
perior  oculi. 

DROP,  Gutta —  d.  Ague,  tasteless,  Liquor  ar- 
Beoicalis— -d.  Black,  Guttae  nigrae — d.  Red,  Ward's, 
see  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati — d.  Serene, 
Amaurosis. 

DROPACISMTTS,  Depilation. 
DROPAX,  Depilatory. 
DROPPED  HANDS,  see  Hands,  dropped. 
DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum 
Abbatis  Rousseau — d.  Anodyne,  Liquor  morpbi- 
nae  acetatis — d.  Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's,  see  In- 
fusura  gentianae  compositum  —  d.  Anti-venereal, 
gee  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis  —  d.  Chamomile,  see 
Anthemis  nobilis  —  d.  Dutch,  Balsam  of  sulphur, 
Balsam  of  Turpentine — d.  Fit,  Spiritus  ammoniae 
ftetidus.  see  Fuligo  —  d.  Golden,  de  la  Motte's, 
Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulfurico-ajthereus  ferri — d. 
Green's,  see  Liquor  Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — d. 
Jesuit's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita — d.  Laven- 
der, Spiritus  Lavandulae  compositus  —  d.  Nitre, 
Spiritus  mtherifl  nitrici — d.  Norris's,  see  Antimo- 
nium  tartarizatum — d.  Norton's,  Liquor  Hydrar- 
gyri Oxymuriatis  —  d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral  drops, 
Bateman's  —  d.  Peppermint,  Pastilli  de  mentba 
piperita —  d.  Soot,  see  Fuligo  —  d.  Wade's,  Tinc- 
tura benzoini  composita  —  d.  White,  Ward's,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras. 

Drops,  Warburg's.  A  secret  preparation  used 
in  Demarara  under  the  name  of  Warburg's  Fever 
DriijtH.     See  Bebeeru. 

DROPSICAL,  Hydropic. 
DROPSIBD,  Hydropic. 

DROPSY,  Hydrops— d.  of  the  Belly,  Ascites— 
d.  of  the  Brain,  Hydrocephalus. 

Droi'SY,  Cardiac.  Hydrops  cardiacus,  (F.) 
Uifdropinie  cardinque.  Dropsy,  dependent  on 
disease  of  the  heart. 

Dropsy  of  tiik  Cellular  Mbmbranb,  Ana- 
sarca— d.  of  the  Chest,  Hydrothorax — d.  of  the 
Bye,  Hydrophthalmia. 

Duo fsv.  Fibrinous.  Dropsy  in  which  the 
effused  fluid  contains  fibrin. 

Dropsy,  Gbnbral,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Head, 
Hydrocephalus. 

Dropsy,  Hbpat'ic,  Hydro],*  hepat'ieua,  (F.) 
Hydropitie    hSpntique.       Dropsy,    dependent    on 

i f  the  liver. 

Dropsy  of  tub  LAcnRYMAL  Sac,  Fistula  lnery- 
malis.  Lachrymal  hernia — d.  of  the  Pericardium, 
Hydropericardium — d.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Ascites 
— <1.  of  the  Pleura,  Hydrothorax. 

Dropsy,  Rbnal,  Hydrops  rena'lis,  (F.)  Hy- 
dropiiit  rtnaif.  Dropsy,  dependent  on  disease  of 
the  kidney. 

Drocsv,  Watkr  of,  Serum  of  Serous  mem- 
branes—d   Wiud,  Emphysema. 


Dropsy  of  the  Womb,  Hydrometra. 
DROPWORT.   Spiraea   fifipendula  —  d.   Hem- 
lock, (Enanthe —  d.  Water,  Hemlock,  Gin  an  the— 
d.  Western,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

DROPYK,  Hydrops. 

DROS'ERA  RUTlXDIFO'LIA,from  ipoccpoc, 
'dewy,'  tpooos,  'dew.'  the  leaf  glands  exuding  a 
clear  fluid  like  dew  drops.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Saudi  ir,  lion  so/is,  Droriobot'anon,  Dro  • 
n'um,  Rorel'ld,  (F.)  Rostotia,  Roaie  dv  soldi, 
Herbe  d  la  rosee.  Ord.  Droseraeeaj.  This  plant 
has  a  bitter,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste.  It  has 
been  used  as  a  rubefacient,  and  to  destroy  warts 
and  corns.  It  has,  also,  been  regarded  as  a 
pectoral. 

DROSIOBOTANON,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSISTICON,  see  Bosa. 

DROSIUM,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSOMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

DROW,  Syncope. 

DRUG,  Medicamen'tum,  (F.)  Drogue.  A  name 
ordinarily  applied  to  simple  medicines,  but,  by 
extension,  to  every  substance  employed  in  the 
cure  of  disease.  Manage  derives  it  from  droga, 
and  this  from  the  Persian  droa,  'odour;'  because 
many  drugs  have  a  strong  odour.  It  is,  doubt- 
less, from  the  Teutonic  trocken,  Sax.  fcpigan,  '  to 
dry.' 

Drug.  To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs. 
Most  commonly,  perhaps,  to  dose  to  excess  with 
drugs.  One  who  so  doses  is  sometimes  called  "  a 
drugger."  "To  drug,"  also  means  to  tincture 
with  some  medicinal  article. 

Drug  Disbasb.  A  morbid  condition,  which 
is — or  is  presumed  to  be  —  caused  or  kept  up  by 
the  administration  of  drugs. 

Drug-grinder,  see  Pulverization  —  d.  Mill, 
see  Pulverization. 

DRUGGER,  Druggist,  see  Drug. 

DRUGGIST,  Drugger,  Drugster,  (Prov.)  Dre- 
gister.  Same  etymon.  Pharmacopo'la,  Materi- 
alis'ta,  Sepla8ia'riu8,  Pharmacopoz'  us,  (F.)  Dru- 
guiste.     One  who  sells  drugs. 

DRUGSTER,  Druggist. 

DRUM,  Melancholic. 

DRUM  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

DRUM-SIEVE,  see  Cribration. 

DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia. 

DRUNKEWORT,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

DRYING,  Desicea'tion,  Sicca'tio,  Desieca'tio, 
Exsicca'tio,  Xeran'sis,  Attnn'xix,  same  etymon  as 
Drug,  (F.)  Dessiccation.  Evaporation  or  removal 
of  the  superfluous  humidity  in  a  body. 

Drying  of  Plants,  Deticca'tio  herhn'rum, 
Desicea'tion  of  Plautx.  Those  which  are  very 
succulent  should  be  dried  quickly.  They  must  be 
spread  upon  lattice  work,  covered  from  the  light, 
and  exposed  to  the  heat  of  the  sun  or  to  that  of 
a  stove,  not  exceeding  110°  Fahrenheit.  The 
drying  of  less  succulent  plants  can  be  effected  at 
a  lower  temperature.  Flowers  must  be  dried 
very  carefully,  excluding  light.  Seeds  are  dried 
in  a  place  where  there  is  a  free  current  of  air. 
Pulpy  finite  may  be  exposed  to  a  gentle  heat  in 
a  stove,  which  may  be  gradually  elevated.  Pouts 
may  also  be  dried  in  the  stove:  the  tuberous  re- 
quire to  be  cut  in  slices. 

DRY  NURSE,  see  Nurse 

DTHOKE,  Frambeesia. 

DUAL'ITY,  Dual'itas,  from  duo,  'two.'  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  two. 

Duality  of  tub  Mino,  or  Brain.  As  the 
organ  consists  of  two  hemispheres,  they  have 
been  regarded  by  some  as  separately  and  dis- 
tinctly concerned  in  the  mental  and  moral  mani- 
festations. 

DUALM,  Svncope. 

DUCKFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 


DUCKLEGGED 


14 


dure-mere 


DUCKLEGGED.  Having  short  legs  like  a 
duck. 

DUCKSFOOT,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal,  alimentary, 
Thoracic  duct. 

Duct  of  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tube. 

Duct,  Xasal,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  Pancre- 
atic, see  Pancreas. 

Duct  of  Pecquet,  Thoracic  duct. 

Duct,  Vitelline,  see  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Duct  of  Wirsung,  see  Pancreas. 

DUCTIO  PRJEPUTII,  Masturbation. 

DUCTLESS  GLANDS,  see  Ganglion. 

DUCTOR  CAXALICULATUS,  Gorget  — d. 
Urinae,  Ureter. 

DUCTULI  RECTI,  see  Rete  testis. 

DUCTUS,  Canal,  Meatus — d.  Arteriosus,  Arte- 
rial duct — d.  Auris  palatums,  Eustachian  tube. 

Ductus  B  artholinia'nus,  Bartholin's 
Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  Bartholin.  The  excretory 
duct  of  the  sublingual  gland. 

Ductus  Belliniani,  Uriniferous  tubes 
— d.  Biliarii,  Pori  biliarii — d.  Biliferi.  Pori  biliarii 
—  d.  Botalli,  Arterial  duct  —  d.  Choledochus, 
Choledoch  duct — d.  Chyliferus,  Thoracic  duct — 
d.  Cibarius,  Canal,  alimentary  —  d.  Excretorius, 
Excretory  duct — d.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  canal  of — d. 
Hepaticus,  Hepatic  duct — d.  Incisivus,  Palatine 
duct  (anterior)  —  d.  Intestinalis,  Canal,  alimen- 
tary—  d.  Lacteus,  Thoracic  duct  —  d.  Laeryma- 
lis,  Lachrymal  duct  —  d.  Lacrumalis,  Lachrymal 
duct — d.  Nasalis  orbita?,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct 
— 1.  Nasalo-palatinus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior) — 
d.  ad  Nasum,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  cluct  —  d.  Nu- 
tritii,  Canals,  nutritive  —  d.  Omphalo-mesenteri- 
cus,  see  Vesicula  umbilicalis — d.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas — d.  Pecqueti,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Pneu- 
maticus,  see  Air-bladder  —  d.  Punctorum  laery- 
nialium.  Lachrymal  ducts — d.  Riviniani,  see  Sub- 
lingual gland — d.  Rorifer,  Thoracic  duct. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Ixfe'rior,  D.  WAartonia'- 
tius,  (F.)  Canal  de  Warthon.  The  excretory  duct 
of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Supe'rior,  D.  Stenonia'- 
ntw,  Stexo's  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  Stexox.  The 
excretory  duct  of  the  parotid  gland  which  opens 
into  the  mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molar 
tooth. 

Ductus  Semi-Circulares  Labvrixthi.  Semi- 
circular canals — d.  Serosi.  Lymphatic  vessels — d. 
Spirales  cochleae,  Scalae  of  the  cochlea — d.  Ste- 
nonianus,  Ductus  salivalis  superior — d.  Thora- 
cicus,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Urinae.  Ureter — d.  Uri- 
narius.  Urethra — d.  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous 
tubes  —  d.  Varicosi  uteri,  Tubae  Fallopianae —  d. 
Venosus,  Canal,  venous — d.  Vi  tell  arias,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis — d.  Vitello-intestinalis,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis  —  d.  Waltheriani,  see  Sublin- 
gual gland — d.  Whartonianus,  Ductus  salivalis 
inferior — d.  Wirsungianus,  see  Pancreas. 
DUELECH,  Dulech. 

DUEL'LA.      The  ancient  name  of  a  weight, 
which  was  equivalent  to  eight  scruples. 
DUELLUM  VENEREUM,  Coition. 
DUG,  Nipple. 

DULCAMARA,  Solanum  dulcamara— d.  Flex- 
uosa,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DULCEDO  AMORIS,  Clitoris— d.  Sputatorum, 
see  Salivation. 

DULECH,  Duelech.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  and  Van  Helmont  to  designate  a  pre- 
tended tartarized  substance,  which  forms  in  the 
human  body,  and  produces  acute  pain,  accompa- 
nied with  great  danger. 
DULL,  Deaf. 

DULSE,  Rhodomelapalmata — d.  Pepper,  Lau- 
rentia  pinnatifida. 
DUMB,  see  Mutitas. 


DUMBNESS,  Mutitas. 

DUNBLANE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Dunblane,  in  Scotland,  contain 
sulphate  of  soda,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  cal- 
cium, and  carbonate  of  iron. 

DUNG,  Fimus  —  d.  Cow's,  Fimus  Vaccae —  d. 
Goose,  Fimus  anseris  —  d.  Stone-horse,  Fimus 
equinus. 

DUNGA,  Dengue. 
DUNT,  Palpitation. 

DUODE'NAL,  Duodena'lis,  (F.)  Duodenal. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  duodenum. 

DUODENI'TIS,  Dodecadactyli'tis,  (F.)  Duo- 
denite.  A  hybrid  term,  from  duodenum,  and  fti«, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
duodenum,  characterized  by  white  tongue,  bitter 
taste,  anorexia,  fulness  and  tenderness  in  the 
region  of  the  duodenum,  and  often  yellowness 
of  skin,  along  with  the  ordinary  signs  of  febrile 
irritation. 

DUODE'NUM,  from  dnodeni,  'twelve.'  Ven- 
tric'ulus  Snccenturia'tus,  Ec'physis  seu  Appen'dix 
seu  Processus  Ventric'uli,  Portona'rium,  Dode- 
cadac'tylon,  (from  bubiKa,  'twelve,'  and  bn.KT\;\os, 
'a  finger.')  The  duodenum  is  the  first  part  of 
the  intestinal  canal,  commencing  at  the  pyloric 
orifice  of  the  stomach,  and  terminating  in  the 
jejunum.  Its  length  is  about  twelve  fingers' 
breadth,  and  as  it  is  only  partially  covered  by  the 
peritoneum,  it  is  susceptible  of  considerable  dila- 
tation ;  hence  its  name  Ventn'culus  succenturiatus. 
In  the  duodenum,  chylifieation  takes  place  after 
the  admixture  of  the  biliary  and  pancreatic  fluids 
with  the  chyme. 

DUO-STERNAL.  Beclard  thus  names  the 
second  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  second  intercostal  space. 

DUPLICATION,  (duo,  'two,'  and  plicare, 
plicatum,  'to  fold.')  Duplica'tio,  Duplic"ita9t 
Diplasias'mus,  Diplo'sis,  (F.)  Duplicite.  A  spe- 
cies of  malformation  or  monstrosity,  character- 
ized by  the  parts  concerned  being  doubled.  See 
Diplogenesis. 

Duplication  of  the  Fostus,  Evolution,  spon- 
taneous. 

DU'PLICATURE,  Duplicatn'ra,  Reflection. 
Same  etymon.  The  folding  or  reflection  of  a 
membrane  upon  itself;  as  Duplicature  or  reflec- 
tion of  the  pleura,  peritoneum,  <&c. 

DUPLICITAS  MONSTROSA,  see  Diplogene- 
sis. 

DUPLICITE,  Duplication. 
DUPON'DIUM.     A  weight  of  four  drachms. 
— Galen. 
DUR,  Hard. 

DURA  MATER,  Crassa  seu  Dura  meninr, 
Sclerome'ninx,  Jleninx  exte'rior  seu  sclera  seu 
dermato' des  seu  paehei'a,  of  Galen,  Dura  ntem- 
bra'na  cer'ebrum  am'biens,  Cuticula'ris  membra'- 
na,  Jleninge,  (Ch.)  It  has  been  called  dura,  be- 
cause of  its  great  resistance;  and  mater,  because 
it  was  believed  to  give  rise  to  every  membrane 
of  the  body.  (F.)  Dure  mere,  Dure-taye  (Pare.) 
It  is  a  fibrous,  semi-transparent  membrane,  of  a 
pearly-white  colour,  thick,  and  very  resisting ; 
lines  the  cavity  of  the  cranium,  and  contains  the 
spinal  marrow  :  protects  the  brain  and  marrow; 
and,  by  its  various  expansions — the  falx  cerebri, 
tentorium,  &c, —  supports  the  different  parts  of 
the  cerebral  mass.  The  largest  artery  of  the  dura 
mater  is  the  A.  meningce'a  me'dia. 

Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of  the, 
Tentorium  —  d.  m.  Testis,  Albuginea. 

DURATION  OF  LIFE,  see  Life— d.  of  Preg- 
nancy, see  Pregnancy. 

DURE-MERE,  Dura  mater. 


D  UR  E-  TA  YE 


8  1  •'. 


DYSCRASIA 


DURE-TAYE,  Dura  mater. 

I>l  UK E  DE  /.A    VIE,  see  Longevity. 

VUBETJS   D'OBEILLE,   Daryeeoia — d.    de 

DU BILLON,  Callosity. 
DURUS,  II. ird. 

DUSTING   BAG.    Tn  pharmacy,  a  kind  of 
rbiofa  consists,  of  ■  bag  made  of  lawn  or 

other  like  material,  bang  inside  of  a  wi<le-mouthetl 
bottle  '>r  tin  canister,  to  the  mouth  of  wbiob  it  Ui 
i  wdered  substance  a  put  into 

.-.  and  the  month  being  closed  with  a  cover, 
the  apparatus  is  shaken,  and  the  finer  particles 
pass  into  the  bottle  or  canister. 

DC  rCHMAN'fi  PIPE,  Aristolochia  hirsuta. 

CROA,  Datura  stramonium. 
DWALE,  COMMON,  Atropa  belladonna. 
DWARF.  Nanus— d.  Flag,  Iris  lacustris. 
DWARFISH,  see  Nanus. 
DW  UIFISHNESS,  Nanosomus. 
DYCTOIDES,  Reticular. 
DYERS'  BROOM,  Genista  tinctoria— d.  Weed, 
Genista  tinctoria.  Reseda  luteola, 
DYNAMETER,  Dynamom 
DYNAM'IC,     Dynam'ical,    Dytum'ictu,    (F.) 
\ique.     Same  etymon.     In  Mechanics,  Dy- 
•    si  _   tea  tlie  powers  whereby  bodies 
arc  put  in  motion,  and  the  laws  connected  there- 
with.   In  Biology,  that  which  relates  to  the  vital 
for.es,  to  the  organism  in  action,   Vital  Dunn. 
The  influences  of  agents  on  the  organism, 
which  are  asoribable  to  neither  mechanical  nor 
chemical  causes,  are  sometimes  termed  dynamic. 
In   this  sense,  it  is  a  favorite  term  with  the  ho- 
Lthists,  who  maintain  that,  by  certain  pro- 
.    called,    in    the   aggregate,    dyuamiza'tion 
and  potenti'zing,  the  dynamic  powers  of  a  medi- 
cine may  be  set  free  and  developed — as  by  shaking 
ttle  in  which  the  article  is  contained,  or  by 
mixing    an    unlimited    number    of    unmedicated 
globules  with  one  that  is  medicated,  and  shaking 
them  together.     In  this  way,  the  former  become 
ted! 
Dynamic  Diseases,  see  Organic. 
DYNAMICS,  VITAL,  see  Dynamic. 
DYNAMICUS,  Dynamic. 
DYNAMI8,  Faculty,  Force. 
DYN  \MIZ\TIn\.  see  Dynamic. 
DY  X  A  M  OM'  ET  E  R,  Myodynamiom'eter,  Myo- 
dynamometer,  (F.)   Dynamomitre,   from  Swapis, 
'vital  power,'  and  ^trpov,  'measure.'     An 
instrument,  contrived  by  M.  Regnier,  for  mea- 
suring the  comparative  muscular  strength  of  man 
and   animals.     It  consists   <>f  a  spring,  which, 
When  pressed  upon,  causes  a  needle  to  move  upon 
a  portion  of  a  circle,  furnished  with  a  scale  of 
kilogrammes   and   one   of  myriagrammes.     To 
measure   the   strength   of   the    handi,   the   two 
bran  ihes   of  the  spring  are  firmly  grasped,  and 
near  together  ns  the  force  can  carry 
them.   This  effort  makes  the  needle  trarei 

on    the    scale    of    kilogrammes,   the 
th  of  the  experimenter's  hands.     A  man, 
exerts  a  force  commonly 
equal  to  50  Kilogrammes  or  106  pounds. 

Jtli    Of  the   loins   of  a  man,  about  so 

.  as  indicated  by  this  instrument,  U 

myriagrammes,  or  266  pounds 

winch  .-how.-  the  weight  he  is  capable  of  raising. 

From  experiments  made  by  Peroa,  in  bis  roy- 

n  12  individual-  of  Van  Diemen's  Land.  17 

the  [aland  of  Timor,  17 

i men  belonging  to  the  expedition,  and  I  I 

»hmen  in  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales, 

ad   their  oomparatire  strength,  indicated 

by  the  dynamometer,  to  be  as  follows: 


B1  KI.Nc.  I  11 

Natives  op 

of  the 

arm. 

of  the 

loins. 

Kilag. 

lbs. 

Mftri. 

lbs. 

1.  Van    Diemen's 

Land. 

2.  New  Holland. 

3.  Timor. 
1.  F ranee. 

o.  England. 

50.6 
50.8 
68  7 

71.1 

101.2 
101.6 
117.1 
138.4 

llL'.t 

10.2 
11.6 

15.2 
15.2 

208.08 
310.08 

Dynamometer  or  Dyxam'eter,  Mkhu  "in  a  i.. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  Paris,  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  the  quantity  of  active  matter 
contained  in  a  given  weight  or  measure  of  any 
officinal  compound,  with  the  dose  of  any  pri  pa- 
ration,  which  will  be  equivalent  in  strength  to  a 
given  quantity  of  any  other  of  the  same  class. 
The  instrument  is  more  ingenious  than  uicfuL 

DYNAMOPATHY,  Homoeopathy. 

DYOTA,  Diota. 

DYS,  Svs,  in  composition,  'difficult,  faulty;' 
sometimes  privative;  mostly  answering  to  the 
particles   din,  in,  mis,  or  tin,  in  English.      Hence  : 

DYSJS'MIA,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty.'  and 
'atpa,  'blood.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSESTHESIA,  Byscesthe'sis,  from  Svs, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  aioSavopai,  'I  feel.'  Ob- 
scure, diminished,  or  even  abolished  sensation. 

Dysesthesia  Aeditoria,  Cophosis  —  d.  Gus- 
tatoria,  Ageustia  —  d.  Interna,  Amnesia  —  d.  01- 
factoria,  Anosmia. 

Dysesthesia  Visua'lis,  Parop'sis.  Sense 
of  sight  vitiated  or  lost. 

DYS.ESTHESIS,  Dysesthesia. 

DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  avayu,  'I  bring  up.'     That  which  is  ex] 
rated  with  difficulty.     An  epithet  given,  by  the 
Greek  writers,  to  the  sputa,  when  expectorated 
with  difficulty,  on  account  of  their  viscidity. 

DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,.fyaaa«!rlop»'f«; 
from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  avappoiprjcis,  'ab- 
sorption.' Diminished  absorption  from  morbid 
causes. 

DYS'APHE,  Dysaph'ia,  from  Svs,  and  a^, 
'feeling.'     Morbid  feeling. 

DYSAPULO'TUS,  Bynapu'ltu,  Dt/scpuloto*, 
Dyarpulo'tirii*,  Dyaulo'ttu,  from  Svs,  and  axovXuu), 
to  heal.'     Healing  with  difficulty. 

DYSARTHRIAS,  Gout,  irregular. 

DYSCATABROSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPOSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPO'TIA,  from  Svs,  and  KaTamvu,  'I 
drink.'  Difficulty  of  swallowing  liquids.  This 
term  is  recommended  by  Dr.  Mead  as  a  substitute 
for  hydrophobia,  which  means  dread  of  liquids. 
The  dread  seems  to  be  partly  caused  by  the  diffi- 
culty of  deglutition. 

DYSCHE'ZIA,  from  Svs,  and  %t^tv,  'to  go  to 
Stool.'      Difficult  and  painful  defecation. 

DYSCHRffi'A,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,' and 
%(>oa  or  XP0iU'  <c°l<Jur.'  Diaehro'a.  Sickly  and 
unhealthy  colour  of  the  skin.  Used  synony- 
mously with  the  maeula  of  Willan. 

1 )  V  S(  1 II I  o  M  \  Tn  I'S  I A ,  Achromatopsia. 

/>  TSCHYMOSEN,  Chymoplania. 

DYSCINB'SIA,  (F.)  DycinMe,  from  he, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  uptm,  'I  move.'  Difficulty 
or  utter  incapability  of  moving. — Galen. 

DYSCOILIA,  Constipation. 

DYSCOPHO'818,  from  he,  'with  difficulty.' 
and  Ro^aw,  '  I  am  deaf.'  A  defect  in  the  eMMi 
of  bearing.  —  Hippocrates. 

DYSCO'RIA,  Corametamorpho'ti*,  from  Svs, 
and  Koprj,  'the  pupil.'  Irregularity  of  shape  of 
the  pupil 

DYSCRA'SIA,  from  Svs,  and  Kpaots,  'tempera- 


DYSCRASIACUM 


316 


DYSOPIA 


merit.'     Intempe'ries,  Bistemperan'tia,  Bys'crasy. 
A  bad  habit  of  body.     See  Djrsthetica. 

Dyscrasia  Potato'rum.  Dyscrasia  of  drinkers. 
The  aggregate  of  cachectic  phenomena  exhibited 
by  those  who  indulge  in  alcoholic  liquors. 

Dyscrasia  Saturjjixa,  Saturnismus — d.  Scro- 
fulosa.  Scrofula — d.  Tuberculosa,  see  Tubercle. 
DYSCRASIACUM,  Spansernic. 
DYSCRASY,  Dyscrasia— d.  Bilious,  Cholosis, 
Icterus. 

DYS'CRITOS,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
k-ptaig,  'judgment.'  That  which  it  is  difficult  to 
judge  of. — Hippocrates. 

DYSDA'CRIA,  Bysdacryo'sis,   from    Svs,   and 
haKpvov, '  a  tear.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  tears. 
DYSDACRYOSIS,  Dysdacria. 
DYSECCRIS'IA,  from  Svs,  and  ekkPiois,  * ex- 
cretion.'    Difficult  or  defective  excretion. 
DYSECOIA,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
DYSEL'CIA,    Bysepulo'tus,    from    Svs,    'with 
difficulty,'  and  'c\kos,  'an  ulcer.'     An  ulcer  diffi- 
cult to  heal. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 
DYSEMESIA,  Vomiturition. 
DYSENTERIA,  Dysentery  — d.  Biliosa,  Colo- 
cholosis — d.  Haematera,  Dysentery — d.  Hepatica, 
Hepatirrhcea  —  d.  Maligna,  Enterocace — d.  Pu- 
trida,  Enterocace  —  d.  Scorbutica,  Enterocace  — 
d.  Splenica.  Melaena — d.  Typhodes,  Enterocace. 

DYSENTER'IC,     Bysenter'icua,     Bysen'terua, 
(F.)  Bysenterique,  Byssenterique.     Same  etymon 
as  Dysentery.     Relating  to  dysentery. 
BYSEXTERIE,  Dysentery. 
DYSENTERIUM,  Dysentery. 
DYSENTERONERVIA,  Colic— d.  Saturnina, 
Colica  metallica. 

DYS'ENTERY,  Bysenter'ia,  D.  hcemate'ra, 
Bysenter'ium,  from  Svs,  and  evrr.pov,  'an  intes- 
tine.' Bifficul'taa  inte8tino'rum,  Bissolu'tus  mor- 
bus, Biarrhoe'a  carnosa,  Coli'tis,  Coloni'tis, 
Colo-recti'tis,  Endocoli'tis,  Esocoli'tis,  Beflux'us 
Bysenter'icus,  Febris  Bysenter'ica,  F  lumen  dys- 
entericum,  Fluxua  dysenter'icua  seu  cruen'- 
tus  cum  Tenes'mo,  Rheumatia'mua  inteatino'rum 
cum  ul'cere,  Tor'mina,  T.  Celsi,  Blennenter'ia, 
Morbus  dissolu'tus,  Sedea  cruen'tcs,  Lues  dysen- 
ter'ica, Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  Bysenterie, 
Byssenterie,  Flux  dysenterique,  Flux  de  Sang. 
Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
large  intestine;  the  chief  symptoms  of  which 
are : — fever,  more  or  less  inflammatory,  with  fre- 
quent mucous  or  bloody  evacuations ;  violent 
tormina  and  tenesmus.  When  the  evacuations 
do  not  contain  blood,  it  has  been  called  Bysen- 
ter'ia  alba  or  simple  Bysentery,  Myco-dysenter'ia. 
The  seat  of  the  disease  is,  generally,  in  the  colon 
and  rectum.  It  occurs,  particularly,  during  the 
summer  and  autumnal  months,  and  in  hot  cli- 
mates more  than  in  cold :  frequently,  also,  in 
camps  and  prisons,  in  consequence  of  impure  air, 
and  imperfect  nourishment :  and  is  often  epidemic. 
Sporadic  cases  of  dysentery  are,  generally,  easily 
managed  ;  but  when  the  disease  occurs  epidemi- 
cally, it  often  exhibits  great  malignancy.  Gene- 
rally, it  yields  to  mild  laxatives,  as  castor  oil, 
combined  with  diaphoretic  narcotics,  such  as  the 
pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus,  and  counter- 
irritants  to  the  abdomen  ;  but,  at  times,  the  in- 
flammation runs  on  so  speedily  to  ulceration, 
that,  unless  a  new  action  be  rapidly  excited, 
death  will  be  the  consequence.  In  such  cases, 
mercury  must  be  rapidly  introduced  into  the 
system,  and  narcotics  may  be  combined  with  it. 

The  whole    management   in    acute    dysentery 
dust,  of  course,  be  strictly  antiphlogistic. 
Dysentery,  Bilious,  Colocholosis. 
DYSEPULOTICUS,  Dysapulotus. 
DYSEPULOTOS,  Dysapulotos,  Dyselcia, 
DYSGALACTIA,  Dysgalia. 


DYSGA'LIA,  Bysgalac'tia,  from  Svs,  and  yaka, 
ya\<iKTos,  '  milk.'  An  unhealthy  condition  or 
depravation  of  the  milk. 

DYSGENNE'SIA,  from  Svs,  and  yewrjais,  'ge- 
neration.' Lesion  of  the  generative  organs  or 
functions. 

DYSGEU'SIA,  Bisgeus'tia,  from  Svs,  and 
yivcn,  '  taste.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense 
of  taste. 

DYSH^MORRHOL'A.from  Svs,  'at/ia,  'blood,' 
and  ptw,  '  to  flow.'  Difficulty  in  the  flow  of  blood, 
—  according  to  some,  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 
Also,  symptoms  occasioned  by  its  diminution  or 
suppression. — Sagar. 

DYSHiE'MIA,  from  Svs,  and  'aipa,  'blood.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSHAPH'IA,  Bysaph'ia,  from  Svs,  and  'a<f>n, 
'touch.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

DYSHI'DRIA,  Bysi'dria,  from  Svs,  and  'iSpws, 
'  sweat.'     A  morbid  state  of  the  perspiration. 

DYSI'ATOS,  Svaiaros,  from  Svs,  'with  diffi- 
culty/ and  lao/jiai,  'to  heal;'  Cura'tu  diffic'ilia. 
Difficult  of  cure. — Hippocrates. 

DYSLALIA,  Balbuties,  Bradylogia. 
DYSLOCHI'A,  Col'ica  lochia'lis,  Hysteral'gia 
lochia'lis,  from  Svs,  and  Xo%ios ;  'relating  to  par- 
turition.'    Diminution  or  suppression  of  the  lo- 
chia! discharge. 

DYSMASE'SIS,  Bysmasse'sis,  Bradymasse1 aia, 
from  Svs,  'with  difficulty/  and  /laarjais,  'mastica- 
tion.' Difficult  or  impeded  mastication. 
DYSMENIA,  Dysmenorrhoea. 
B  YSMENORRHEE,  Dysmenorrhoea. 
DYSMENORRHEA,  Bysme'nia,  Paramenia 
diffic"ilia,  Menorrliag"  ia  8tillatit"ia,  Men'strua 
dijjicil'ia  seu  Boloro'sa,  Amenorrhoe'a  diffic"ili» 
seu  partia'lis,  Ileuses  dolorif'icce,  Menorrhagia 
diffic"ilis,  Menstrua' tio  diffic"ilia  seu  dolorif'icaf 
Labo'rious  or  Bifficult  Menstrua'tion,  (F.)  Bysme- 
norrhee,  3fenstruation  difficile,  Regies  difficilea, 
Strangurie  menstruelle.  Catamenia  passed  with 
great  local  pain,  especially  in  the  loins:  —  with 
sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.  Dysme- 
norrhoea is  very  difficult  of  removal,  and  prevents 
conception.  In  the  married  female,  if  she  should 
be  able  to  pass  one  period  without  pain,  and  sub- 
sequently become  pregnant,  the  morbid  action 
may  be  broken  in  upon  by  gestation,  and  a  per- 
fect cure  be  obtained.  Change  of  air,  soon  after 
marriage,  will  sometimes  give  occasion  to  this 
desirable  result.  The  affection  generally  depends 
upon  erethism  of  the  interior  of  the  uterus, 
called  into  action  at  each  catamenial  period.  The 
violence  of  the  pain  requires  the  liberal  use  of 
narcotics. 

DYSMNE'SIA,  from  Svs,  'badly/  and  iivtjais, 
'memory.'     Defective  memory. 
DYSMORPHE,  Deformation. 
DYSMORPHIA,  Deformation. 
DYSMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 
B  YSNEPHROXER  VIE,  Nephralgia. 
DYSODES,  Fetid. 

DYSO'DIA,  Bysod'mia,  Bysos'mia,  Foetor, 
'foetor/  from  Svs,  'badly/  and  o£u>,  'I  smell.' 
(F.)  Puanteur.  Sauvages  has  given  this  generic 
name  to  all  diseases,  characterized  by  fetid  ema- 
nations, from  whatever  part  proceeding;  —  from 
the  mouth,  nasal  fossae,  bronchia,  stomach,  axil- 
lae, groins,  &c.  Also,  a  stench  or  stink,  Psoa. 
DYSODMTA,  Dysodia. 

DYSODONTFASIS,  BentW'io  diffic"ilis.  from 
Svs,  'with  difficulty/  and  oSqvtwois,  'dentition.' 
Difficult  dentition. 

DYSONEI'ROS,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty/  and 
oveipos,  'a  dream.'     Insomnia,  with  restlessness. 

DYSO'PIA,  properly  Bysop'sia,  Bysora'sis, 
signifying   'shame/   from   Svs,  'with   difficulty/ 


DYSOPSIA 


317 


DYSTIIANATOS 


and  orrrofiat,  *  I  see.'     Difficulty  of  seeing  :  obscu- 
rity of  \ 
Dysopia  Dissitobw,  Myopia. 

DtSOPIA  LATKR  a'lis,  Parop'sis  lateralis, 
Skue-sight,  Skew-eight,  Sight  a*k>  w.  Virion  only 
necurate  when  the  object  IS  placed  obliquely. 
This  state  is  generally  caused  by  some  opacity  of 
the  cornea. 

Dtsoka  Lroins,  Nyctalopia  —  cL  Proximo- 
rum.  Presbytia — d.  Tenebrarum,  Henieralopia. 

DYSOPS1  \.  Dysopia. 

DYS0RA8IS,  Dysopia. 

DYSOREX'IA,     Iimppttcn'tia,    Appeti'tus    (U- 

-.  from  ('uf.  'with    difficulty,'  and   opc^is, 
te.'     Diminution  of  appetite. 

DYOS'MIA,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
oofiri.  •smell.'     Diminution  of  smell. 

DYSOSPHRE'SIA,  Dysosphre'sis,  Dysosphra'- 

tphre'eia,  from  Svs,  and  ootywois,  '  the  sense 

of  smell.'     A  morbid  state  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

DYSOSTO'SIS,  from  Svs,  and  ootcov,  '  a  bone.' 
A  faulty  conformation  or  morbid  condition  of 
bone. 

DYSPATHIA,  see  Serious. 

DYSPEPSIA,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
TtrrTii).  'I  concoct.'  Limo'sis  Dyspep'sia,  Ano- 
rex'in,  Apep'eia,  Eradypep'eia,  vJattroatax'ia, 
Digee'tio  deprava'ta  seu  diffic"ilie  seu  lepsa,  Oae- 
tro-ato'uia,  Coneoe'tlO  tarda,  Stom'achi  resolu'tio, 
Crn'ditat,  Passio  stomach' ica,  Dyspep'sy,  Indi- 
gee'tion,  Difficulty  of  Digestion.  A  state  of  the 
Stomach,  in  which  its  functions  are  disturbed, 
without  the  presence  of  other  diseases,  or  when, 
if  other  diseases  be  present,  they  are  of  but  minor 
importance.  The  symptoms  of  dyspepsia  are 
rery  various.  Those  affecting  the  stomach  itself 
are: — loss  of  appetite  :  nausea;  pain  in  the  epi- 
gastrium or  hypochondriuin  ;  heart-burn  ;  sense 
of  fulness,  or  weight  in  the  stomach  ;  acrid  or 
fetid  eructations  ;  pyrosis,  and  sense  of  fluttering 
or  sinking  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  sympa- 
thetic affections  are  of  the  most  diversified  cha- 
racter. Dyspepsia,  being  generally  of  a  functional 
nature,  i.s  devoid  of  danger.  When  arising  from 
of  the  stomach  itself,  it  is,  of  course,  more 
serious. 

It  is  usually  dependent  on  irregularity  of  living; 
either  iu  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  food  taken  : 
and  the  most  successful  treatment  is,  to  put  the 
patient  on  a  diet  easy  of  digestion  ;  to  combat  the 
causes,  where  such  are  apparent;  and,  by  proper 
remedies  and  regimen,  to  strengthen  the  system 
in  every  practicable  manner.  A  great  error  exists 
in  regarding  it  as  always  a  disease  of  debility, 
iften  connected  with  an  inflammatory  or 
subiuflammatory  condition  of  the  mucous  lining 
of  the  stomach,  and  of  course  a  very  different 
plan  of  treatment  is  required  in  the  two  cases. 
-  often  attended  with  too  great  a  se- 
of  ttie  gastric  acids;  but,  on  other  occa- 
sions they  would  appear  to  be  too  small  in  quan- 
M    to   constitute   alkaline    indigestion  or 
neutral  indigt 

Dtspbpsis  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis  —  d.  Hypo- 
chondriasis, Hypochondriasis  —  d.  Pyrosis,  Py- 
rosis. 

3PEPSI0DYNIA,  CardlalgUu 

DY8PEPSODYNIA,  Cardialgfa. 

DY8PBPSY,  Dyspepsia. 

DYSPEPTIC,  DyepepWctu,  Dy*pep'hu,Apep'- 
ime  etymon.      Having  relation 
i.    as    'dyspeptic   bread.'     One    who 
•offers  from  dyspepsia. 

DYSPEPTICU8,  Dyspeptic. 
DY8PEPT0DYNIA,  Cardialgfa, 
3PEPTUS,  Dyspeptic. 

DYSPBRM  \'SI  \,  DysperrnatWmiu,  from  Svs, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  o*cpua,  'sperm.'  Difficulty 
— sometimes  incapacity — of  voiding  the  sperm. 


DYSPERM  ITISMUS,  Bradyspermatismns. 
DYSPHA'GIA,    Dyecatabro'eie,   Dyeeatap'oeie, 

I)' glutit" to  dij'!c"ilis,  1>.  hi\a,  I),  xmpedi'ta, 
from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  <payu>,  'I  eat.' 
Difficulty  of  deglutition.  Dysphagia  is  almost 
always  symptomatic,  either  of  inflammation  or 
of  other  disease  of  the  organs  of  deglutition,  or 
of  incomplete  obstruction  of  the  CBSOpbagUS,  by 
some  obstacle  within  it,  or  by  i  neighbouring 
tumour.  At  times,  it  is  produced  by  spasms  or 
paralysis  of  the  oesophagus.  The  prognosis  and 
treatment  vary  according  to  the  cause. 

Dysphagia  Atorioa,  Pharyngoplegia. 

DtSPHA'GIA    CoHSTRIO'TA,  J>.    J'hari/nge'a    6eu 

QSeophage'a  seu  Callo'sa,  Strictu'ra  Pharyn'git 
sen  QSeoph'agi  vera  seu  CaUo'ea,  Stenocko'ria 
CBeoph'agi, QSeophagiare'tia,  Lamoeteno'eie.  Stric- 
ture of  the  pharynx  and  OBSOgbagUS  is  an  affec- 
tion which  may  be  the  result  of  pharyngitis  or 
oesophagitis;  but  more  frequently  of  malignant 
disease  in  the  parietes  of  the  tube.  The  only 
remedy  is  the  bougie. 

Dysphagia  Inflammatory,  (Esophagiti8  — 
d.  Pharyngea,  D.  Constricta — d.  (Esophagea,  D. 
Constricta —  d.  Spasmodica,  (Esophagismus  —  d. 
Callosa,  D.  Constricta  —  d.  Paralytica,  (Esopha- 
goplegia,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Nervosa,  CEsopha- 
gismus — d.  Torpida,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  (Jlobosa, 
Angone — d.  Hysterica,  Angone — d.  Inflammato- 
ria,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  d.  Linguosa.  Para- 
glossa — d.  Ranula,  llanula — d.  Uvulosa,  Staphy- 
1  oedema —  d.  Scirrhosa,  Laemoscirrhus  —  d.  Spas- 
tica, (Fsophagismus. 

DYSPHO'NIA,  Dys 'phony,  from  Svs,  and  ^covr/, 
'the  voice.'  Difficulty  of  producing  and  articu- 
lating sounds:  voice  imperfect  or  depraved. 
Aplto'nia  (of  some). 

Dysphonia  Immodulata  Nasams,  Rhinopho- 
nia — d.  Immodulata  palatina,  Asaphia. 

DYSPHOR'IA,  Itiquietu'do,  Aeta'eia.  Dissatis- 
faction ;  restlessness;  suffering;  indisposition; 
from  Svs,  and  0tpw,  '  I  bear.' 

Dysphoria  Anxietas,  Anxiety  —  d.  Nervosa, 
Fidgets — d.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 

DYSPHOTiA.  Myopia. 

DYSPIIRESIS,  Dysosphresia. 

DYSPIO'NIA,  from  Svs,  and  xiuv,  'fat.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  adipous  substance. 

DYSPLASMATIC,  Cacoplastic. 

DYSPLASTICUM.  Bpansemie. 

D  YSPNEE,  Dyspnoea— (/.  Cardiaque,  Asthma, 
cardiac. 

DYSPNCE'A,  from  Svs,  and  xvcu,  'I  breathe.' 
Pseudo-asthma,  Amphipneu'ma,  Reepira'tio  dij'- 
)ic''iii*  seu  brevit  et  rara,  Braehypwr1 'a,  Ketentio 
a'e'rea,  Anhela'tion,  Short  breath.  Difficulty  of 
breathing,  (F.)  DyapnSe,  ('<>nrt>:  Haleine,  Dysp- 
noea may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  Tho 
latter  accompanies  almost  all  thoracic  diseases. 
Urgent  dyspnoea  has  been  called  aniphipneWiiat 
aftipmvcvfta. — Hippocrates. 

DrSPITCIA  CoNVULSlVA,  Asthma  —  (1.  Ilydro- 
thoracica,  Ilydrothorax  —  d.  Physothoraciea, 
Pneumothorax — d.  Pinguedinosa,  Pursiness  —  d. 
Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax  —  d.  Pyothoracica, 
Empyema. 

I)  TSSENTE'RIE,  Dysentery. 

I)  YSSENTERIQUE,  Dysenteric 

DYSSIA'LIA,  from  cvs,  ami  aia\os,  'saliva.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  saliva. 

DYSSYN'ODUS,  Dyeeynu'eiat  from  Svs,  nnd 
a-vvoSos,  'coition.'  Co'itus  dijfflc"  His,  Difficulty 
in  coition. 

DY8SYNU8IA,  Dvssvnodus. 

DYSTHAN'ATOS,  (nun  Svs,  nnd  tatars* 
'death.'  That  which  causes  a  slow  and  painful 
death.  One  who  experiences  this  kind  of  death. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 


DYSTHELASIA 


318 


EAU  D'AR MAGNA  C 


DYSTHELA'SIA,  from  3wj,  and  Sn\a&,  'I  give 
suck.'     Inaptitude  for  suckling. 

DYSTHERAPEU'TOS,  Difficiliter  eura' bills; 
from  Svs,  and  Szpairua, '  medical  treatment.'  That 
which  is  difficult  of  cure. 

DYSTHE'SIA,  from  <?«?,  'badly/  and  ribim,  ' I 
am  situate.'  Dys'thesis,  Cachcx'ia.  Morbid  habit. 
Bad  humour.     Impatience  in  disease. — Erotian. 

DYSTHET'ICA,  Cachex'ice,  Dyscrasice,  Cach- 
ex'ics  ;  same  etymon.  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
blood  or  blood-vessels;  alone  or  connected  with  a 
morbid  state  of  other  fluids,  producing  a  diseased 
habit.  The  fourth  order  in  the  class  Hasmatica 
of  Good,  including  Plethora,  Hamorrhagia,  &c. 

DYSTHYM'IA,  from  6vs,  and  Svjios,  '  mind.' 
Depression,  Despondency.  A  bad  sign  in  acute 
diseases.     Also,  Melancholy. 

DYSTOCIA,  Mogostoc'ia,  Bradytoc'ia,  Reten'- 
tio foetus,  from  8vs,  and  tokos,  'accouchement.' 
(F.)  Dystocie.  A  laborious  accouchement,  Labo'- 
rious  or  morbid  or  difficult  labour,  Parodyn'ia, 
Partus  diffic"ilis.     See  Laborious. 

Dystocia  Abortiva,  Abortion  —  d.  Dyscyesis, 
Pregnancy,  morbid — d.  Dyscyesis  extra- uterina, 
see  Pregnancy,  preternatural. 


DYSKECHI'ASIS,  Hispid' itas, from  <5uj,  'bad,' 
and  aroi^og,  'order.'  Irregular  position  of  the 
eye-lashes. — Forestus. 

DYSTOX'IA,  from  6vs,  and  tovos,  '  tone.'  Mor- 
bid condition  of  the  tone  of  a  tissue  or  organ. 

DYSTROPHIA,  from  &vS.  'with  difficulty,' 
and  Tpoipri, '  nourishment.'  Imperfect  or  defective 
nutrition. 

DYSULOTUS,  Dysapulotus. 

DYSURE'SIA,  Dysure'sis  ;  from  8v$,  and  ovpn- 
ais,  'passing  the  urine.'  Defective  secretion  and 
evacuation  of  the  urine. 

DYSU'RIA,  Dys'ury,  Uri'na >  diffic"ilis  excre'- 
tio,  from  <5t>j,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ovpov.  'urine.' 
Stran'gury,  (of  some.)  (F.)  Dysurie.  Difficulty 
of  passing  the  urine.  In  this  affection  the  urine 
is  voided  with  pain,  and  a  sensation  of  heat  in 
some  part  of  the  urethra.  Dysuria  is  the  first 
degree  of  retention  of  urine.  It  differs  from 
strangury,  in  which  the  urine  can  only  be  passed 
in  drops  and  with  great  straining. 

Dysuria  Calculosa,  Calculi,  vesical  —  d. 
Irritata,  Calculi  vesical  —  d.  Mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhcea. 

DYSURY,  Dysuria. 


E. 


EAGLE-STONE,  Elites. 

EAR,  Auris,  Ous,  ovs,  Ac'oe,  Saxon,  eane, 
(Prov.)  Lug.  (F.)  Oreille.  The  organ  of  au- 
dition. It  is  composed  of  a  series  of  more  or  less  I 
irregular  cavities,  in  which  the  sonorous  rays  are  j 
successively  received  and  reflected,  until  they  j 
agitate  the  nerves  which  are  destined  to  convey  \ 
the  impression  to  the  brain.  The  ear  is  con- 
tained partly  in  the  substance  of  the  temporal  ' 
bone;  and  a  part  projects  externally,  behind  the 
joint  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  may  be  divided  into  j 
three  portions  ; — the  outer  or  external  ear,  formed 
by  the  auricle  and  meatus  auditorius ;  the  middle 
ear,  comprising  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  and 
its  dependencies;  and  the  internal  ear,  compre- 
hending the  three  semicircular  canals,  the  cochlea 
and  the  vestibule;  which,  together,  constitute  the 
osseous  labyrinth.  "Within  the  cavity  of  this  la- 
byrinth are  contained  membranes  having  nearly 
the  shape  of  the  vestibule  and  semicircular  canals, 
but  not  extending  into  the  cochlea.  These  mem- 
branes form  the  membranous  labyrinth.  Between 
the  osseous  and  the  membranous  labyrinth  is 
situate  the  liquor  of  Cotunnius,  and  within  the 
membranous  labyrinth  is  a  fluid,  termed,  by  De 
Blainville,  vitrine  auditive,  from  its  supposed 
analogy  to  the  vitreous  humour  of  the  eye.  The 
form  of  the  membranous  vestibule  is  not  an  exact 
imitation  of  the  osseous  cavity,  being  composed 
of  two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other, 
—  the  one  termed  the  Sac' cuius  vestib'uli ;  the 
other  Sac'culus  Each  sac  contains  in  its  interior 
a  small  mass  of  white  calcareous  matter  resem- 
bling powdered  chalk,  which  seems  to  be  sus- 
pended in  the  fluid  of  the  sacs  by  means  of  a 
number  of  nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the 
auditory  nerve.  These  are  the  otoconies  and 
oto/ithes  of  Breschet. 

The  auditory  nerve  is  distributed  to  the  cavi- 
ties of  the  internal  ear. 

EAR-DOCTOR.   Aurist  — e.    Flap,    Proptoma  | 
auricularum — e.  Keeker,  Tonsil. 

EARNING,  Rennet. 

EAR-PICK,   Otog'lyphis,    Otog'lyphum,    Cock'-  \\ 


lear  aurictda're,  Auriscal'pium,  (F.)  Cure-oreille. 
A  species  of  small  scoop,  used  for  extracting 
hardened  cerumen  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus ;  or  to  remove  foreign  bodies  from  the 
ear.  If  carelessly  used,  it  is  apt  to  excite  inflam- 
mation of  the  tube. 

EAR-SURGEON,  Aurist— e.  Surgery.  Otiatria. 

EAR-TRUMPET,  Tubus  acus'ticus,  Acus'tivnm 
Cornu,  (F.)  Cornet  acoustique.  An  instrument  for 
collecting  sound  and  increasing  its  intensity,  used 
by  those  who  are  hard  of  hearing.  It  is,  com- 
monly, a  kind  of  cone,  formed  of  silver,  tin,  or 
elastic  gum,  the  base  of  which  is  turned  towards 
the  person  who  is  speaking,  and  the  apex  placed 
in  the  entrance  of  the  meatus  auditorius  externus. 

EARWAX,  Cerumen. 

EARWIG,  Forficula  aurieularia. 

EARTH  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana. 

Earth,  Fuller's,  Cimolia  purpurescens. 

Earth  Gall,  Veratrum  viride. 

Earth,  Heavy,  Baryta — e.  Japan,  Catechu — 
e.  Lemnian,  Terra  Lemnia. 

Earth  Nut,  Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

Earth,  Ponderous,  Baryta — e.  Samian,  Sami 
terra — e.  Sealed, Terra  sigillata — e.Talc,Magnesia. 

EASTNINGWORT,  Scabious. 

EATABLE,  Esculent. 

EATIN-BERRIES,  see  Juniperus  communis. 

EAU,  Water — e.  d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  see  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

EAU  DALIBOUR.  This  compound  is  made 
of  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  sulphate  of  copper,  each 
5>j  ;  camphor,  ten  grains;  saffron,  four  grains; 
water,  four  fluidounces.  Employed  in  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  evelids,  and  as  a  vulnerary. 

EAU  DE  U  AMNIOS,  Liquor  ainnii  — e. 
d'Amandes  ameres,  Aqua  amygdalarum  concen- 
trata. 

EAU  ANTIPUTRIDE  DE  BEAUFORT. 
Mineral  lemonade  prepared  with  sulphuric  acid. 

EAU  Dy  ARM  AG  N AC,  Tinctura  cinnamorai 
composita — e.  de  Balaruc,  Balaruc  waters — e.  de 
Bareges,  Bareges  water  —  e.  de  Binelli,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  e.  Blanche,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 


EA  U  DE  COLOGXE 


310 


EccorE 


dilutus  —  e.  de  Bonferme,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
eomposita — e.  <(•  Bonne*,  Bonnes,  mineral  waters 
t,f_-«..  run  tartar'uatuin —  e.  de 

Bourbonne-lee-Baint,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  un- 
ueral  waters  [oa  Broccbi- 

crii  —  ,.  Melissa  —  <•  de  Chaux, 

Liquor  calcifl — e.  de  Chaux  compose,  Liquor  eal- 
eu  eoinpositus. 

EAU  DE  COLOGNE,  Cologne  water.    A  eele- 

oalled  from  the  place  where  it 

.     The  following  is  one  formula:   Oil  of 

tot,  3  i i j  :    Oil  of  lemon,  ^  ;    OilofLaven- 

iss  :    Oil  ofneroli,  3«M  ;  Oil  of  origanum, 

of  rosemary,  Jj  ;  vanilla,  JJij  : 

led  tpirit*  Oxiij 

Orange-flower   water,  Oj.     Macerate 

for  fourteen  days,  and  filter. 

EAV  DE  (7717//:  AMMONIAC  ALE,  Li- 
nor  oupri  ammoniati  —  c.  Dietillie,  Water,  dis- 
tilled—  e.  de  J'nntaine,  Water,  spring  —  c. /let 
Fontaine*  de  la  Martguerie,  Rouen,  mineral  wa- 
— i.  centre  la  Gfangrine,  Liquor  bydrargyri 
nitrici — e.  tie  Ooudron, see  Pinna  Bylvestris — s.ds 
Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  subaeetatis  dilutus. 

EAU HEMASTA  TIQUE  DE  TJSSEBAND, 

Emu  de  Tieeerand.     A  hemastatic  water,  reputed 

isesa  the  same  properties  as  the  Aqua  Broc- 

chierii.    It  may  be  prepared  by  digesting  dragon** 

blood,  and  turpentine  of  the  Voege*  in  water. 

EAU   &HU8S0N,   Vlnum    oolchiei— e.   den 
Hydropique*,  Serum   of   serous    membranes  —  e. 
vulfurie  simple,  Hydros ulphuretted  water. 
EAU  DE  JA  VELLE,  Bleaching  liquid,  Aqua 
alkali' na   oxymuriat'ica,   Labarraque't    Solution, 
[Common    suit,  tbij  ;    black   oxide  of  manganeee, 
tbi :   water,  Ibij.     Put  into  a  retort,  and  add,  gra- 
dually, oil  of  vitriol,  thij.    Pass  the  vapour  through 
n  solution  of  tmbearbonate  of  potaeea  giij  in  water 
?xxix,   applying    heat    towards   the    last.     S.   g. 
It  is  stimulant,  detergent,  and  antiseptic, 
— applied  externally. 

EAU  DE  LAC,  Water,  lake. 
EAU  DE  ifiCHELLE.  A  haemostatic  water, 
■  1  by  macerating,  in  water,  various  aroma- 
ti-  and  astringent  herbs.  Bowers  and  roots,  with 
tar.  and  dialling  the  same.  It  has  been  given 
internally,  in  hemorrhage,  and  used,  also,  as  an 
external  styptic. 

EAU  DE  LUCE,  Spiritus  ammoniae  succina- 
te  t>.    Magnieienne,     Magnesia,     fluid  —  e.    de 

Marat*,  Water,  marsh  —  e.  Bttdicinale  d'Hneeon, 
■  lehicum   autumnale,   Yinutn    eolchici,   and 
Veratrine,  sulphate  of — e.  Midieinale  naturelle, 
W  iter,  mineral — e.  de  Mer,  Water,   sea — e.    Mer- 
it  [uor  hydrargyri  nitrici  —  e.  Minirale, 
r,  mineral  —  e.  de  Manteroesi,  Aqua  Linellii 

—  e.  de  Naplee,  Naples  water,  factitious  —  e.  de 

Water,  snow — c.  de  Pagliari,  Hsemostatic, 

uri's — e.  de  Pluie,  Water,  rain — e.d<  I 

Liquor  potassSB  —  e.  de  Putt,  Water,  well  —  e.  de 

.  Elixir  acidum  Halleri  —  e.  Bigule,  Nitro- 

muriatio  acid — e.  Salie,  Water,  sea — e.  de  Source, 

.  well  —  e.  Styptique  de  Brocchieri,  Aqua 

hierii —  e.  Sucrie,  Uydro-eaccbarum —  e.  de 

ind,  Ban  bemastatique  de  Tisserand  —  e. 

■   ale.  Liquor  Plumbi  subaeetatis  dilu- 

./.   Ficay,Vichy  water — e.de  Vie,  Brandy 

— f.  de  Vie  Alletnande,  Tincture  jalapii  eomposita 

—  .  phrie,  Spiritus  camphors. 
EAUX,    LBS,    Liquor    amnii  —  t.    Chavde*, 

les-  -'.  Hipatique*,  Waters,  mineral, 

•ulfureoua  —  t.     Minirale*    artificiellee,     Waters, 

mineral,  artificial — e.   Mineral**  fuctieea,  Waters, 

mineral,    artificial  —  <•.    Miniralee  ferruyineueee, 

-.    mineral,    gaseous,    4a. —  •.    Minirale* 

iet  ouaciduiet,  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  Ac. 

—  c.  Minirale*  aaline*,  Waters,  mineral,  .-aline  — 


e.  Miniralee  tnlfureueee,  Waters,  mineral,  sulfu- 
reons — '.   -  ■  Waters,  mineral,  suit 

£bEAUPIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     An 
acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  deparuni 
l»fi  / :,  lire,  near  Nantes. 

JSBLOUfSSEMENT,  Dassling. 

EBR1  ECA'SUM,  from  ebi  rut,  -drunk.'  A  term 
employed  by  Paracelsus  to  denote  a  disturbance  of 
the  reason,  similar  to  what  occurs  in  drunkenness. 

EBRIETAS,  Temulentia. 

1  BRIOSITAS,  Temulentia. 

i.,  i  l.i.i  i  [Q,  Ebullition,  Strophulus  —  e.  Sto- 

maohi,  Ardor  ventriciili,  Pyrosis. 

EBI  LLIT'MON,  Eb\      i"io,  JS*tuai"io,  A 
from   cbnl  I  in,    [c   and    bull  if 
bubble  up.'     Boilit  llonnement.     The 

motion  of  a  liquid,  by  which  it  gives  off  bubbles 
of  vapour,  by  heat  or  fermentation.  The  boiling 
point  of  liquids  varies  according  to  the  pressure 
to  which  they  are  Mibjected.  For  the  point  of 
ebullition  of  different  BUbstauoes,  see  Heat. 

Ebullition  is  used  in  France,  in  a  vague  man- 
ner, for  every  kind  of  transient  eruption  of  the 
skin,  occurring  without  fever  or  with  a  slight 
febrile  attack. 

EBULUS,  Sambucus  ebulus. 
EBUR,  Ivorv.  see  Tooth. 
EBURNEATIO,  Eburnification. 
EBURN 1 F 1  CA'TION,    Eburnifiea'tio,    Ebur- 
nea'tio,  Eburna'tion,  from  ebur,  'ivory,'  and  fio, 
•  to  be  made.'     An  incrustation   of  the   cartilages 
of  articular  surfaces  of  bones  with  phosphate  of 
lime,  which  gives  them   the  whiteness   and  hard- 
ness of  ivory  ; — Cartilage*  ebnnies. 

EC,  (before  a  vowel,  Ex,)  e«,  f£,  'out  of,  from, 
of.'     Hence,  Fcchymoma,  Eclectic,  Ac. 
JSCAILLB,  Scale. 

Ee All. LES  VHUITBES,  Ostreae  testa?. 
fCAILLEUX,  Squamous. 
ECBALIA  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  elate- 
rium. 

ECBALTTJM    AGRESTE,    Momordica   elate- 
rium — e.  Officinarum.  Momordica  elaterium. 
ECBESOMENON,  Eventua. 
ECBLOMA,  see  Abortion. 
ECBOLE,  Abortion. 
ECBOLIC,  Abortive. 
ECBOLICUS.  Abortive. 

ECBOLIUM  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  ela- 
terium. 

K(  HOLIES,  Abortive. 

ECBRAS'MATA,  from  ac0pa£u,  'I  boil  up.' 
Eeehym'ata.  Hippocrates  uses  the  word  fur  cer- 
tain burning  eruptions. 

1  CCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 
ECCEPHALO'SIS,     Exeerebra'tio,     Cepbalo- 
tom'ia,  from  or,  and  «a</<aA>7,  'head.'    The  removal 
of  the  brain  of  the  child  to  facilitate  delivery. 
E<  i   BELT  SIS,  Expectoration. 
EC<  HORESIS,  Defecation. 
ECCHYLOM  \.  Succus  expressus. 
ECCHYMATA,  Bcbrasmata, 
ECCHYMO'MA,  Ecehymo'tie,  Pelidno'ma,  /'■- 
lio'nm,  Hypa'ma,   Hypoa'ma,   Bypoa'mia,  from 
tK,  and  xvfus.  'juice,'  'humour;'  Effu'tio, 
ea'tio,   Suffu'uio    tan'guini*.     A    livid,    b'a,  !;.    or 
yellow  spot.  Livor  tanguin'eu*,  produced  by  blood 
effused  in  to  the  areolar  tissue  from  ■  contusion. 
Spontaneous  effusions,  occurring  as  the  result  of 
disease  or  after  death,  are  called  tuygillation*. 
ECCHTMOMA     ARTBRI08DM,    BSC    Aneurism |. —  e. 

Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephalsematoma  —  e. 
Hyponycbon,  Hyponychon  —  e.  Lymphaticnm, 
Pblegmatia  dolens— ^.  Melasma,  Melasma. 

ECCHYMOSIS,  Bcchymoma, 

BCCHYSIS,  Effusion. 

ECCLISIS,  Luxation. 

EC  COPE,    Er'tomi.    Ectom'ia,    from     ik,    and 


ECCOPEUS 


320 


ECLAMPSIA 


kotttuv,  'to  cut.'  The  act  of  cutting  out:  also, 
a  perpendicular  division  of  the  cranium  by  a 
cutting  instrument.     See  Entaille. 

ECCOP'EUS.  Same  etymon.  A  knife  or  in- 
strument for  cutting.  An  ancient  instrument  — 
the  raspatory — used  in  trepanning. 

ECCOPROSIiESTHE'SIS,frotn  e*,*o»rpof,  'ex- 
crement,' and  aiodrjcns,  '  sensation.'  The  sensa- 
tion or  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

ECCOPROSIS,  Defecation. 

ECCOPB.OTIC,Eccoprot,icu8,Ectoprot'ic,from 
c£.  and  Koxpos,  'excrement.'     Mild  purgatives  or 
laxatives,  whose  operation  is  confined  to  simply  i 
clearing  out  the  intestinal  canal. 

ECCORTHAT'ICUS,  from  ex,  and  KopBaw,   ■  I  I 
collect.'      An    ancient   epithet   for   remedies    to  \ 
which  was  attributed  the  property  of  evacuating 
collections  of  humours. 

ECCRINOL'OGY,  Eccrinolog"  ia,  Eccrisio- 
log"ia,  from  ekkoivw,  (e*c,  and  Kptvu),)  '  I  separate,' 
and  Xoyoi,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  secre- 
tions. 

ECCRTSIOLOGIA,  Eccrinology. 

ECCRISION'OSI,  Eccrisionu'si,.  from  CKKpicn, 
'excretion,'  and  vocoq,  'disease.'  Diseases  of 
excretion. 

ECCRISIOS'CHESIS,  from  ekkPktis,  'excre- 
tion,' and  <txC(TIS>  'retention.'  Arrest  or  retention 
of  excretions  ;  or  of  a  critical  evacuation. 

ECCRISTS,  Excretion. 

ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  excernent 
functions.  The  6th  class  in  Good's  Nosology. 
Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the  excernent  system. 
Eliminan'tia,  EH m'i natives. 

ECCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra-uterine— e.  Ab- 
dominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  e.  Ovaria, 
Pregnancy,  ovarial — e.  Tubalis,  Pregnancy,  tubal. 

ECCYLIO'SIS,  from  etc,  and  kvXuiv,  '  to  turn 
round.'  Morbus  evolutio'nis.  A  disease  of  evo- 
lution or  development. 

ECDEMIOMA'NIA,  Ecdemion'osus,  from  ekSt)- 
/i£u),  'I  travel  about,'  and  ^avia,  'mania.'  Amor- 
bid  desire  to  be  travelling  about. 

ECDEMIONOSUS,  Ecdemiomania. 

EC'DORA,  from  uc,  and  depu),  '  I  flay/  Anad'- 
ora,  Excoria'tio.  Excoriation  in  general,  but 
more  especiallv  of  the  urethra. 

EC'DYSIS.fromeK^uw,  (e*.  and  3nw,)  'I  put  off.' 
Moulting  of  the  skin  of  animals.     Desquamation. 

ECHALOTTE,  Eschalotte,  Al'lium  Ascalon'- 
icum,  Cepa  Ascalon'ica.  The  schallot' .  A  species 
of  allium,  employed  in  culinary  preparations. 

ECHANORURE  (F.)  Emargina'tio,  Emargi- 
natu'ra,  Incisu'ra.  A  French  word  employed  by 
anatomists  to  designate  depressions  and  notches 
of  various  shapes,  observed  on  the  surface  or 
edges  of  bones. 

ECHANORURE  ETHMOID  ALE  is  on  the 
nasal  bone,  which  unites  with  the  ethmoid.  See 
Ethmoid. 

ECHANORURE  NASALE,  Nasal  Notch,  be- 
longs to  the  os  frontis,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
bones  of  the  nose. 

ECHANORURE  PAROTIDIENNE  is  a 
triangular  space,  comprised  between  the  paroti- 
dean  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone  and  the 
mastoid  process,  so  called  because  it  lodges  the 
parotid  gland. 

ECHANORURE  SOAPULAIRE, Notch,  sca- 
pular— e.  Sciatique  grande,  see  Sciatic  Notch — e. 
Sciatique  petite,  see  Sciatic  Notch. 

ECHARPE,  Splinter. 

ECHARPE,  Sling. 

ECHARPE  GRANDE  et  E.  MO  YEN,  see 
Sling — e.  de  J.  L.  Petit,  see  Sling — e.  Petite,  see 
Sling. 

JECHAUBOULURES    (F.)     Echaubouillure. 


Sudam'ina,  Hidro'a.  A  word  whose  meaning  is 
not  fixed.  It  is  applied  to  any  eruption  on  the 
surface  of  the  body,  accompanied  with  pricking 
and  other  uneasy  sensations. 

ECHAUFFANTS,  Calefacients. 

ECHAUFFEMENS,  Chafing. 

ECHAUFFEMENT  (P.),  Gale/ae'tio,  Excale- 
fac'tio,  from  (F.)  echaujfer,  (calefacere,)  '  to  make 
warm.'  Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  animal 
economy;  the  symptoms  of  which  are  a  more 
than  ordinary  sensation  of  heat,  disposition  to 
perspiration,  great  thirst,  general  indisposition, 
flushed  countenance,  &c.  It  goes  off  by  the  use 
of  antiphlogistics  and  abstinence.  In  the  vulgar 
language  it  is  often  used  synonymously  with  con- 
stipation, and  sometimes  for  simple  gonorrhoea, 
and  for  chafing. 

ECHECOL'LON,  from  tX<*,  'I  have/  and  koWu, 
'glue/  Echecollum.  Any  topical  glutinous  re- 
medy.— Gorraeus,  Galen. 

ECHELLES  BU  LIMAgON,  Scalse  of  the 
cochlea. 

ECHENEIS,  Remora  Hildani. 

ECHETROSIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,  Broicn  ten-inch- 
long  viper.  A  most  formidable  viper  in  the 
forests  of  Peru,  the  bite  of  which  is  so  rapidly 
fatal,  that  ?t  kills  a  strong  man  in  two  or  three 
minutes.     Tschudi. 

ECHINA'CEA  PURPU'REA,  from  e^vos,  the 
hedge  hog,  owing  to  the  spiny  chaff  of  the  round- 
ish disk.  Purple  Cone/lower,  Black  Sampson ;  of 
the  Composite  Family  ;  indigenous  in  Ohio  and 
westward ;  its  dull  purple  flowers  appearing  in 
July.  The  root  is  aromatic,  and  used  popularly 
as  a  carminative. 

E CHINE,  Vertebral  column. 

ECHINOCOCCUS,  HOMINIS,  see  Worms— 
e.  Humanus,  Hydatid. 

ECHINODERMI,  Porcupine  men. 

ECHINOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,from  eXivoS.  '  a  hedge- 
hog/ and  o(p$aXfiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye/ 
Ophthalmia  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  pro- 
ject like  the  quills  of  the  hedgehog. 

ECHI'NOPS,  from  c^ivo?,  '  hedgehog/  and 
w\k,  'appearance/  Crocodi/'ion,  Acanthal'znca, 
Scabio'sa  carduifo'lia,  Sph&roceph' ala  ela'tior, 
Echi'nopus,  Echinops  Splicer  oceph'  alus,  Globe 
thistle.  The  root  and  seeds  are  reputed  to  b6 
moderately  diuretic. 

ECHINOPUS,  Echinops. 

ECHINUS  SCANDENS,  Allamanda. 

ECHITES  DIFFORMIS,  Forsterania  diffor- 
mis — e.  Suberecta,  see  Curare. 

ECHOS,  Sound,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ECHOSCOPE.  Auscultation. 

ECHOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 

ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECLACTIS'MA,  Eclamp'sis,  Eclamp'sia,  Epi- 

>  lamji'sis,  Effulgescen'tia,  from  eK'XaKTt^u),  '  I  kick/ 

Epilepsy  is  often  accompanied  with  flashings  of 

light;  and  hence  Hippocrates  has  used  the  last 

two  words  for  epilepsy.     They  have  all  been  ap- 

'  plied  to  convulsions. 

ECLAIRE,  Chelidonium  majus  —  e.  Petite^ 
!  R-anunculus  ficaria. 

ECLAMP'SIA,  from  ex'Sau^lis,  (tic,  and  Xa///?w, 
'I  shine,')  'brilliancy.'  Flashes  of  light  before 
the  eyes.  See  Eclactisma.  Convulsion,  as  the 
convulsions  of  children,  Eclamp'sia  infan'tum, 
Epilep'sia  acu'ta  infan'tum  seufebri'lis  infan'tum 
seu  pueri' lis,  (F.)  Convulsions  des  En  fans,  Ec/amp- 
sie,  but  probably  from  £K,  and  Xa/ifiiivu),  Xan^o/xai, 
'  to  seize  hold  of.' 

Eclamp'sia  Gravidarum  et  Parturien'- 
TlUM;    Puerperal    Convulsions,    (F.)    Convulsions 


ECL  A  MPSIE  D  ES  EX  FA  XS      8  2  I 


tiCROUELLES 


de»  'R|ef   et   en    coitche. 

of  pregnant  ami  parturient  women. 

m   -:v   Jmamim.  see  Eclampsia— e.  No- 
nas,  Convulsion,    Salaam  —  e.    Typbod 
pbnnia. 

MP  SIB    DSS    ENFAN8,    Eclampsia 

infanfum. 

IC'TIC,   PHYSICIANS,    Eclee'ticiMed'- 
.  from  uAtyw,  fe»,  and  Xry*,)  'I  ohooae.' 
of  physicians,  who   professed    to   choose,    from 

other  sect.--,  all  the  opinions  which  appeared  to 

founded.     Agatbinus  of  Sparta,  master 

•f     '  f  Apam»a,  in    Syria,  was    its   re- 

Pu;  and Arohigenee and  Aretamewere 

■••■  Qts.     The  d     trine  wac  called 

-  dia'mnt,     Medici' na     eclec'tica, 

■  med'icine.     Every  judicious    physician 

inn-:  tic, 

ee  Eclectic. 
LEI     rOS,  E dig' ma,  Elig'ma,  Elix'ii,  L>uii- 
biti'vum,  Li  net  its,  Linctna'riiun,  from  eic\if{u),  [am, 
and  X«£«.)  ' I  lick.'     (P.)  Looch.     A   medicine, 
of  a  thick,  syrupy  consistence,  chiefly  used  to 
allay  c  >ugh,  and  consisting  of  pectoral  remedies. 
■  formerly  sucked  from  the  end  of  a  liquo- 
rice stick,  made  into  a  kind  of  pencil;  hence  its 
name  Linctus,  from   linger e,  'to  lick.'     Although 
the  linctus  is  usually  exhibited  in  thoracic  affec- 
•  may  have  tonic  virtues  combined  with  it 
.EGMA  ALBUM,  Looch  album— «.  Guw- 
m,  Looch  alhum. 
ECLEIPISIS,  Desquamation,  Exfoliation. 
'ISIS,  D  ?quamation,  Exfoliation. 
EPISITREPANON,  Exfoliative  trepan. 
[QM  \.  Eel 
[MIA,  Boulimia. 
[PSIS,  Syncope. 
int. 
ECLTSES,  Adynamia?. 

ECL1!  SIS,  Exaolu'tio  j  from  ck\vu>,  'I  loosen.' 
Resolution,  prostration  of  strength  ;  faintness. 
t  mo-carmaca,  Asphyxia. 
Exsuctio. 
ECNCEA,  Dementia. 

'.  /-'.    School. 

tf'OMY,  (Econom'ia,  from  oikm,  'a  house/ 
'a  family,'  and   i   ;>w,  <I  rule.'     By  the  term  ani- 
■xiiiiii  is  understood,— the  aggregate  of  the 
laws  which  govern  the  organism.     The  word  <<<,- 
nom}J  '■-  1  lor  the    aggregate  of  parte 

which  constitute  man  or  animals. 

ECORCE,    Cortex  —  f.   Cariocottine,    Cnnella 
*Jba— ,  B  ...  Croton  cascarilla—  i.  , 

•'   Lucie,  Cinchonas  Cai  x  —  e. 

■  W'intera  aromatica— 6.  Fuuaae  tie  ' 
■    11a  alba. 
RCHURES,  Chafing,  Excoriation. 
WLEMENT,  DU  aorrhcea—  4  ! 

'■  ea  — '.  d 


Convulsions     struction.'      The  action   of  ecphractic   or  deob- 
Btment  remedies. 

BCPHRONIA,  Insanity— e.  Melancholia,  Me- 
lancholy. 

'■'  PHY  \%,  K\  pendix  vermiformU 
ECPHYMA,  Excrescence,  Tumour— e   Calluo 
Callosity  — e.  Caruncula,    Caruncle— e.  Clavus] 

Corn  —  e.  (Edcmaticum.  (Edema,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens— e.    Physconia.     Physconia  —  e.    Trichoma, 

Plica — e.  \  erruoa,  Vermes. 
PHYM  \T.\,  Rubeola, 
ECPHYSE'SIS,  l,::i, ,',:.,.  Effla'hta,  IV.  i 
•«••,«  I  breathe  through.'    Exsuffla'tio.    A  quick 
and  forced  expulsion  of  air  from  the  lungs. 

ECPHYSI8,  Apophysis  —  e.  Ventriculi,  Duo- 
denum. 

1  '   PIES'MA,  from  tKTTul^u),  (iK,  j,nd   risfo,)   'I 
oompresB.1      Effraetu'ra,    Impac'tion,    /a 
A  fracture  of  the  cranium,  with  depression  of  the 
fragments  and  compression  of  the  brain 

•   !S  M08,    .,  ■    .    Bx'itu;    EcptW- 

wo«,  same  etymon.  Celsus  uses  these  words  to 
Signify  the  forcing  of  the  eye  from  the  orbitar 
cavity,  with  apparent  hut  not  real  augmentation 
ol  the  organ.     Sec  Exophthalmia. 

ECPLERO'MA,  from  «,  and  r>£/,oW.  'I  fill.' 
A  cushion,  a  pad.  Hippocrates  mean--  I 
term,  a  small  pad  or  ball  of  leather,  or  other 
Bubstance  intended  to  till  the  hollow  of  the  arm- 
pit:  used  probably  in  reducing  luxations  of  the 
shoulder. 

ECPLEXIA,  Stupor. 
EOPLEXIS,  Stupor. 
ECPNEUMATOSIS,  Expiration. 
ECPNEDSIS,  Expiration. 
ECPNOE,  Expiration. 

ECPTO'MA,  Ecpto'ria,  Exeiden'tia;  from  er- 
*t*T*,  («*,  and  T„rr»,)  'I  fall  0„t.'  This  word 
has  been  used  in  various  senses,  1  Synony 
mously  with  luxation.  2.  For  the  separation  of 
grangrenoua  parts.  ?>.  For  the  expulsion  of  the 
secundines.  4.  For  the  prolapsus  of  the  womb: 
and  5.  For  intestinal  or  omental  hernia,  etc 
ECPTOSIS,  Luxation.  ' 

ECPYCTICA,  Incrassantia. 

5SE£5£cV  AJ8ceM'  Suppuration,  Empyema. 

nuri Ubib,  Abscess,  Empyema.  Pustule— e 
Impetigo,  Impetigo— e.  Porrigo,  Porrigo— e  Por- 
ngo ernstacea,  Porrigo  larvalie-e.  Porrigo  favosa, 
Porrigo  favosa  — e.  Porrigo  furfurac 
furfurans— e.  Porngo  galeata,  Porrigo  scutulata 
— e.  Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  lupinoBa— e  Sca- 
1  ies,  Psora. 

E(  Pli  1.  I  It'l  S.  Suppurative. 

ECPYI8C0NTUS,  Suppurative 

VCRA8EUR,   'a  crusher,'  from  Scraaer,   'to 
crush.      A    surgical    instrument  invented    bv  M 
Chassaignae,  of  Paris,  which  consists  of  a' 
chain,  like    that   of  a  chain-saw  devoid  of  teeth 
«  par  l  Intern,     which  is  attached  at  both  ends  to  a  Bteel  mandril 

"-1'  passes  through  a    hollow  steel    cylinder! 


',.\'/;/;oX  tonnement.  The  tightening  of  the  chain 

BCOl  VILLONNEMENT    (P.),    from   icon-  v",!l  B™1  force,  and  in  the  last  i lificationof 

•won, 'a  kind  of  mop,  the  si  _,,,.'     a  the  instrument  is    x 

term  used   by  the  French   therapeutists  for  the  with  a  lever  handle 
-     r  applying  remedies  to  a  part 


Dy  means  of  a  mop  or  brush  fixed  to  the  end  of  a 
I  whalebone.    Such  mop  or  brush  is  termed 

■Inn. 

-.  Inflammation. 

E«  PHLYSIS,  Vesicula— e.  Herpes,  Herpes— 

inatus,  Herpes  circioatus— e.  Her- 

lens— e.  Herpes  miliaria 

Herpes 

rT^~"'  1'"":!'1'"1^-  Pompholyx— e,  Rhypia, 
gJPHl  traent 

•^,  'I  remove  ob- 


the  instrument  is  effected  by  an  endless 
Wltha  lever  handle,  working  on  a  .... 
;ts   outer  Bide,  Which    plays   on   a    thread    cut    OO 
he .mandril     The  alow  bruising  it  makes  is  said 
rarely  followed  by  hemorrhage,  evei 
hemorrhoids,  and  other  vascular  tumours, 
ECREVISSE,  Crab. 

ECREX'IS,  Ruptu'ra,  from  cr»yy»»«»,  ([K,  nv„\ 
NWJ.)  'to  break.1     Rupture,  ].•-,,,,„„' 

A^;;,r:M,;,edt.oIhepui,e,pa,tieu,a,lyM,u 

B(  ROE,  Discharge 

£CROUELLES,  Bcroful*-^  JTAe*«r,W 
mesjenterica. 


ECRYSIS 


3  2  2 


ECZEMA 


ECRYSIS,  from  ekoew,  '  I  run  from.'  A  dis- 
charge. 

ECSARCO'MA,   from  «,  and   capt,  'flesh.     A 
fleshy  excrescence  of  various  kinds.     See  Fun- 
gosity,  and  Sarcoma. 
ECSESMA,  Eczema. 

EC'STASIS,  from  ifarvpi,  (e£,  and  ttmiui,)  'I 
am  beside  myself.'     An  ec'stacy  or  trance,  Cams 
ec' stasis,  Oat'oehus,  Ex' stasia,  Gutalep'sia  epu'ria, 
Hyperplexie,  (F.)  Extase.     A  state  in  which  cer-  ! 
tain  ideas  so  completely  absorb  the  mind,  that  the 
external  sensations  are  suspended,  the  voluntary 
movements   arrested,  and    even   the  vital  action 
retarded.    In  catalepsy,  there  is,  in  addition,  com-  || 
plete    suspension     of    the    intellectual    faculties. 
This    last  condition    is    in    general   described  as 
trance.      See.  also,  luxation. 
EC3TR0PHE,  Exstrophia. 
ECTASIA,  Aneurism — e.  Venarum,  Yarix. 
ECTASIS.  Extension,  Expansion. 
Ec'tasis  I'riihs,  is  the  extension  or  expansion 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  diminution  of  the  pupil,  j 
ECTEXIS,  Colliquation. 

E  C  T  II  E  TOBREPHOTROPHEUM,  Brepho- 
tropheum. 

ECTIILIM'MA,  Exulcera'tio, from  sx&Ktfa,  'I 
express.'  'I  bruise.'  Attrition.  Chafing,  or 
excoriation,  produced  by  external  violence.  — 
Hippocrotes. 

ECTHLIPSIS,  Expression. 
ECTHYMA  or  EC THY'MA,  from  e^dw,  'I 
break  out.'  Ecpye'sis,  Phi y sis  ecthyma. Phlyza'cia 
a' aria,  Sca'bies  Vera,  Furuu'culi  aton'iei,  Pap'  u- 
lous  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  crustacee,  D.  fongueuse.  A 
cutaneous  eruption,  characterized  by  large  round 
pustules,  always  distinct  and  seated  upon  an  indu- 
rated and  highly  inflamed  base.  In  the  course 
of  a  day  or  two  the  pustules  generally  break,  and 
olive-brown  incrustations  are  formed  which  ad- 
here firmly  to  the  skin.  These  separate  in  about 
a  fortnight.  The  disease  requires  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment.  Under  the  Ecthymata,  Vogel 
has  designated  certain  hard,  unequal  tumours 
which  appear  transitorily  on  the  skin.  See  Ef- 
florescence, Exanthem,  and  Pustule. 

ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory. 
ECTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

ECTOME,  Castration,  Eccope,  Entaille,  Ex- 
cision. 

ECTOMIA.  Castration,  Eccope. 
ECTOMU'S.  Castratus. 
ECTONION.  Helleborus  niger. 
*     ECTOPAG'TA,    (F.)    Ectopagie,    from   zktos, 
'outwards,'    and    irrjywpi,    'to  put    together.'     A 
genus  of  double  monsters,  having  a  common  um- 
bilicus, comprising  those  which   are  united  natu- 
rallv  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the  thorax. 
ECTOPARASITES,  Epizoa. 
ECTOPHYTE,  Ectoph'yton,  from  ektos,  'out- 
side,'   and    (pvruv,    '  a    vegetable.'      A    vegetable 
parasite,  which  grows  on  the  surface  of  the  body,  j 

ECTOP'IA,   Ecfop'ws,  Ectophm'ua,  Entace'le, 
Situs  alie'nits  sen  perver'sus  seu  muta'tus,  Anotno- 
topie,  —  Piorry,  from  ek,  and  tokos,  'out  of  place.' 
Morbid  displacement  of  parts.     See  Luxation. 
Ectopia  Asri,  Proctocele. 

Ectopia  Cordis,  Cardianas'trophe.  Displace- 
ment, dislocation,  or  unnatural  position  of  the 
heart. 

Ectopia  IIerxiosa,  Hernia —  e.  Splenis,  Sple- 
nectopin. 

ECTOPOCYS'TICUS,    from    ek-o-os,    'out    of 
place,'  and  kvttis,  'bladder.'     A  disease  depend- 
ent unon  displacement  of  the  bladder. 
ECTOPROTIC,  Eceoprotio. 

ECTOZO'A.  (sing.  Ectozn'on,)  Extozo'a,  Erto- 
zva'ria,   (F.)    Extozoaires ;  from  zurog,   'outside/ 


and  $wov,  'an  animal.'  Parasitic  animals  that 
infest  the  exterior  of  the  body, — as  lice.  A  term 
which,  like  Helmin'thia  errat' ica,  Paeudokelmin,'- 
tlirx,  and  Paeudapar1 asifes,  is  applied,  also,  to 
worms  or  larves  of  insects  that  have  been  intro- 
duced into  the  intestinal  canal  by  accident.  Ani- 
malcules, most  frequently  swallowed,  are  the 
hairworm,  leech,  grub  of  the  fly,  caddy  insect — 
Pkalee'ua  penguina'lia;  the  larve  of  the  bee,  the 
spider,  the  triton  palus'tris,  lacer'ta  aquat'ica, 
&c.  In  animals,  bots  are  produced  by  swallowing 
the  ova  of  the  oestrus  or  gadfly.  See  Helminthia 
erratica. 

ECTRIM'MA,  from  eKxptfa,  (c«,  and  rpt/fc*,)  'I 
rub  off.'  Ulceration  of  the  skin  ;  and  particu- 
larly that  which  arises  from  the  pressure  of  the 
bed  on  different  parts  of  the  body,  after  a  pro- 
tracted confinement. — Hippocrates. 

ECTRODACTYLTA,from  ucrpuois,  'abortion/ 
and  SaKTvXoi,  '  a  finger.'  A  malformation,  in  which 
one  or  more  fingers  or  toes  are  wanting. 

ECTROG"ENY,      Ectrogen'ia,      Ectrogi-n'esis, 
from  eKTfjuicis,  'abortion/  and  ycvtcis,  'generation.' 
Monstrosity  by  defect. — Serres. 
ECTRO'MA,  Abortion. 

ECTRO'MELES,  from  ttcrpuxris,  'abortion/  and 
//fXof,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  limbs  are  nearly  or  altogether  deficient,  as  in 
the  ordinary  cetacea. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

ECTROPE,  Diverticulum,  from  zurpEiru,  (ek, 
and  rpEizu),)  'I  turn  off/  'divert.'  Any  duct  by 
which  peccant  or  morbific  matter  was  supposed  to 
be  drawn  off. — Hippocrates. 

ECTROP'IOX,  same  etymon.  Ectrop'ium, 
Erer'sio  pal'pebrtp.,  Dlepharopto'sis  Ectro'pinm, 
Blepharoto'ais,  Pal'pebrcB  infe'rior  ex  tr or' sum 
flexa,  Divarica'tio  seu  Reflex'io  seu  Jleclina'tio 
palpebrarum,  (F.)  Eraillement  des  Paupieres, 
Renrersemeut  des  Paupieres.  Eversion  of.  the 
eyelids,  so  that  they  do  not  completely  cover  the 
globe  of  the  eye.  It  happens  more  commonly  to 
the  lower  than  to  the  upper  eyelid.  It  may  be 
owing  to  the  retraction  of  the  skin,  after  the  cure 
of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or  burn  of  the  eyelid;  or  it 
may  depend  on  tumefaction  or  relaxation  of  the 
conjunctiva.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  removal 
of  a  portion  of  the  conjunctiva  will  effect  a  cure ; 
but  there  are  many  which  defy  the  efforts  of  art. 
The  ancients  called  Ectropion  of  the  upper  eyelid 
layophthnlmia. 

ECTROSIS,  Abortion. 
ECTROSMOS,  Abortion. 

ECTROT'IC,  from  cKrpwfia,  (ek,  and  rirpwaKw, 
'I  wound,')  'abortion.'  Ectrot'icus,  Abortive.  An 
epithet  applied  to  methods  for  preventing  the 
development  or  causing  the  abortion  of  an}T  dis- 
ease—  as  of  chancres  by  the  use  of  caustic; 
small-pox  pustules  by  the  use  of  mercurial  oint- 
ment, &o. 

ECTYLOTICUS.  Catheretic. 
ECTYMPAXOSIS,  Tympanites. 
EGUMEUX,  Frothy. 

ECUSSOXS.  'Escutcheons  or  shields.'  Plas- 
ters spread  upon  the  skin  ;  or  small  bags — sachets 
— of  the  shape  of  escutcheons,  filled  with  odorous 
powders,  which  are  applied  on  the  skin.  See 
Sachet. 

ECZEMA,  from  ek^ew,  (at,  and  $cut,)  'I  boil 
out.'  'I  effervesce.'  Eczes'ma,  Ecses'nta,  Pus'tida 
ardeus,  Cytis'ma  Eczema,  Humid  Scall  or  Tetter, 
Running  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  squammcuse  humidc, 
D.  vive,  Gale  epidemique.  Heat  eruption.  An 
eruption  of  small  vesicles  on  various  parts  of  the 
skin,  usually  set  close  or  crowded  together;  with 
little  or  no  inflammation  around  their  bases,  and 
unattended  by  fever. 

Eczema  Capitis,  E.  of  the  hairy  scalp. 
Eczema  of  the  Face,  at  an  advanced  stage, 


ECZEMATOSES 


323 


EFFUSION 


an<l  occurring  in  voting  children,  has  been   de- 
i  under  the  uauies  Crustti  faelM   and  Por- 
tion larvalis. 

«i  of  thk  IIaiky  Scalp,  Eotema  cap'i- 

■  /,    is   often    confounded  with 

ether  affections,  under  the   names    Porrigo  and 

.  which  are  pustular,  not  reticular,  in  their 

form.    It  occurs  during  dentition,  and  even  after- 

.  and  the  discharge  is  bo  profuse,  that  the 

•     if    dipped    in    BOttS     gltttittOUS 

By  in  1  by,  the  secretion  dries  into  crusts 

hair  into  little  separate  tufts.     The 

evidence  of  inflammatory  exoitement, 

lymphatic  ganglions  of  the  neck  are  apt 

>me  inflamed  and  suppurate. 

riety  of  humid  Bcalled  head,  in  which  the 

humour  from   the   excoriated   surface   runs   down 

upon  the  hairs,  and  encloses  them  in  little  silvery 

pellicles  or  sheaths,  has  received  the  name  Asbes- 

<n. 

mi     IlTPBTianro'DB8,     Gall,     Grocers'    or 
Bricklayer*'  Itch.     Produced  by  the  irritation  of 
lime. 

"\    Mercuria'le,  E.  rubrum,   Erythe'tna 
mercuria'le   sou    ichoro'aum,    Hydrargyria,    II  ,- 
■  I'xix.  HydrargyrV asi*, Morbus mercuria1 'lis, 
Mcrcu'rinl  lepra  or  rnxh.      A  variety  of  eczema, 
■rising  from  the  irritation  of  mercury.    The  treat- 
ment is   chiefly  palliative,  consisting  in   ablution 
with  mucilaginous  infusions  or  decoctions :  mild 
.  _-s.  where  the  cuticle  has  exfoliated  :  avoid. 
irritation  :  keeping  the  bowels  open;  with 
the  use  of  sulphuric  acid  and  cinchona. 
ma   Rubrdm,  Eczema  mercuriale. 
BCZBMATO'SES,  (G.)  Eczematosen,  same 
etymon.     A  family  of  diseases,  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  Fnchs,  including  morbid  conditions  of  the 
iretions — as  of  the  perspiration,  se- 
ls    and  colouring  matters,   etc.,  and  hence 
many  chronic  cutaneous  affections.     His  subdi- 
-    are,    >  jih  id  roses,    smegmorrhoea,    acurpce, 
xrpa,  and  motiocarpce. 
5ESIS,  Effervescens. 
BCZESM  \.  Eczema,  Lichen  tropicus. 
EDEM  HOUS,  CE  lematous. 
BDENTATUS,  Edentulus. 
EDBNTULI,  Nefrei 

&DEX'TULOl]S,Edenta'ted,Eden'tulu*,Ed*n- 
I  from  < .  and  ..  •  a  tooth.'      An'o- 

den'tibu*,  Node*,  Nodu*,  (P.)  E<lcntc. 
rithout    teeth.      This    defect    can    only    be 
1  by  artificial  means.     See  Nefrendes. 
BDEB  \.  Sedera  helix. 
EDIBLE,  Esculent 

tiDOCltpRALE,  from  adoia,  the  'sexual  or- 

iaXrit  'head.'    A  monster,  which  has 

near  each  other,  or  united  under  the 

the  jaws  atrophied;  no  month,  and  above 

tin-  eye  ■  tube  (trompe)  resembling  a  penis. — I. 

<;.  St,  Hilaire. 

EDROPPIT,  Hvdropic. 
BDUCA  riO   INFAN  1TM.  Predia, 
BDDLCOB  I'TION,   Olycan'*i*,    Editlcoraftio, 
Iron  e,  and  dulcit,  'sweet.'     An  operation,  the 
if  which   is  to  deprive  a  substance  of  its 
ible  taste,  or  at  least  to  disguise 
it.     Also,  the  addition  of  a  saccharine  substance 
to  n  medicine,  whose  taste  it  i-  desirable  to  modify 
agreeably. 
/■7</7./\ 

tibte. 

LINKER,  Palpebra, 
,    '  '    PKRENT,  I  trffugnlExod'ie, 

.>  'I    earrv/  '  trai 
•   from   the  centre   to   the 

peri]  I 


Vttsn  effcreu'tia  are  those  lymphatic  or  chyli- 
feroUS  vessels  whioh  issue  from  the  glands  to  con- 
rej  their  lymph  to  the    thoracic    duet  ;   so    called 

to  distinguish    them   from   those  whioh  pass   to 

and.-,  and  which  have  been  termed  HUQ. 
afferen'tia  sen  im/eren'tia.  Also,  nerves  that  eon- 
\cv  the  nervous  influence  from  the  nervous  cen- 
tre- to  the  circumference.      See  Afferent. 

At  the  upper  extremity  of  the  mediastinum 
testis,  the  ducts  of  the  rete  testis  terminate  iu 
from  '.»  to  SO  small  ducts,  called  vcua  efferentia, 
Which  forms  the  Coni  vaaculn'ti, 

EFFERVES'CENCE,  Efferveteen'tia,  Zetis, 
Ee'tetit,  from  effervetcere,  (e,  end fervetcero, )  'to 
grow  hot.'  That  agitation,  winch  is  produced  by 
the  escape  of  gas  through  a  liquid,  independently 
of  the  heat  of  the  mixture;  such,  for  instance,  as 
results  from  the  mixture  of  acetic  acid  and  car- 
bonate of  potassa, 

In  Pathology  it  has  a  similar  signification.  Ic 
expresses,  in  the  language  of  the  humorists,  a 
sort  of  ebullition  in  the  fluids  of  the  living  body, 
produced  either  by  elevation  of  temperature  or 
by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  the  principles 
contained  in  the  fluids  in  circulation. 

BFPBTUS,  Impoverished. 

EITICA'CIOUS,  Efficax,  from  efflcere,  (e, 
and  facere,)  '  to  accomplish.'  That  which  pro- 
duces a  ^reat  effect, — as  'an  efficacious  remedy.' 

Medici' na  efficax,  La  MSdedne  ejficace,  is  a 
term  sometimes  applied  to  surgery. 

EFFILA,  Ephelides. 

EFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLATUS,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORES'CEXCE,  Efflora'tio,  Efflorescen'- 
tia,  from  efflorescere,  (e,  and  florescere,)  '  to  blow 
as  a  (lower.'    Stribili'go,  Ecthy'ma. 

In  Pathology,  efflorescence  lias  the  same  mean- 
ing as  exanthema;  and,  in  the  nosology  of  Sal- 
vages, the  name  is  given  to  that  order  of  diseas  is. 
Sometimes,  it  is  confined  to  the  cutaneous  blush, 
the  exanthe'sis  of  Good. 

Efflorescence  is,  also,  the  conversion  of  a  solid 
substance  into  a  pulverulent  state  by  exposure  to 
the  air.  In  salts  this  is  generally  owing  to  tho 
loss  of  a  part  of  their  water  of  crystallization. 

EFFLORESCENCE  Ell  Vsil'ELA  TEUSE, 
RoseolsB. 

EFFLORESCEXTTA.  Exanthem. 

BFFLORESt  EXT  IE,  Eleoure*. 

B  PFLUVIU  M,  Emanation  —  e.  Latrinarium, 
ifitte—e.  Palustre,  Miasm,  .Marsh. 

EFFLUXION,  Abortion. 

EFFORT,  (e,  and  fortie,  'strong.')  Nisns,  Co- 
na'tna,  Peira.  A  muscular  contraction  of  greater 
or  less  strength,  the  object  of  which  is,  cither  to 
resist  an  external  force,  or  to  accomplish  a  func- 
tion, which  bas    I one  naturally  laborious.— 

such  are,  the  act  of  pushing  away,  or  of  drawing 
a  body  towards  us,  and  the  more  or  less  painful 

efforts  used  by  the  mother  to  cause  the  expulsion 

of  the  foetus.      In  France,  the  word  effort  is  often 

synonymously  with  hernia:  and    signifies, 

likewise,    the    painful    twitches    of  in 

sinned    by    over-exertion,    or    by    the    rapture    of 

some  of  their  Beshy  fibres.  Saurages  calls  Effort* 
)9,  Lumba'go  d  ni*u,  the  pain  in  the  loins 
occasioned  by  bearing  too  heavy  a  burden. 

EFFORT,  Hernia— e.  dct  Rein*.  »-,~  Effort 

EFF08SI0,  Exhumation. 

EPFRACTURA,  Ecyiesma, 

1 " •  i  i:  \ .  it  '::\  Crash,  Enthlafaia  Cra'nif,  Frac- 
ture of  the  Cranium,  with  depression Fare 

BFPRBlflTATIO,  Hypercatharsli. 

EPPUSIO,  Effusion— e.  Serainis,  Ejaculation 

EPPU'SrOl  Ec'chyai^fromeffundtreg 

i/,  an  \  fundere,  fusum,)  'topourouL'  (F.)  £pa*. 


e'gare' 


324 


ELiEOPIIANES 


chement,  {Infiltration  is  the  term  generally  em- 
ployed for  effusion  into  the  areolar  membrane. 
The  pouring  out  of  blood  or  of  any  other  fluid 
into  the  areolar  membrane,  or  into  the  cavities 
of  the  body.  The  effusion  of  serum  or  of  coagu- 
lable  tymph,  for  instance,  is  a  common  result  of 
inflammation  of  serous  membranes. 

EGARE,  Wild. 

EGAREMENT  D'ESPRIT,  Delirium,  In- 
sanity. 

EGER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  THE.  In 
the  valley  of  the  Eger,  at  the  western  extremity  of 
Bohemia,  there  are  several  acidulous  springs.  One 
of  the  most  frequented  of  these  is  Franzensbad. 

EGE'RIA.  In  ancient  mythology,  a  nymph 
to  whom  pregnant  females  offered  sacrifices  vt 
conceptus  alms  facilius  egeretur.  By  some,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  identical  with  Lucina. 

EGESTA,  see  Excretion. 

EGESTAS,  Want. 

EGESTTO,  Defecation,  Dejection,  Excretion. 

EGGBED,  Ovarium. 

EGG-BRANDY,  see  Ovum. 

EGG-PLANT,  Solanum  melongena— e.  White 
of,  Albumen  ovi. 

EGLANTIER  BE  CHIEN,  Rosa  canina— e. 
Sauvage,  Rosa  canina. 

EGOBRONCHOPHONY,  see  Egophony. 

EGO  PHONE,  Egophony. 

EGOPH'ONIC,  sEgopho'nicns,  (F.)  Egopho- 
nique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Having  the 
character  of,  or  relating  to,  egophony. 

EG  OP  HO  NIQUE,  Ego-phonic. 

EGOPH'ONY,  JEgoplio'ma,  from  «<f,  aiyog,  'a 
goat/  and  ipwvn,  'voice.'  Captrilo'quium,  Trago- 
plto'nia,  Goat's  Voice,  Bleating  Voice,  (F.)  Ego- 
phonie,  Voix  chevrotante  seu  egophonique  seu  de 
Polichinelle  seu  senile,  Pectoriloquie  chevrotante. 
Laennec  has  designated  by  this  name,  the  kind 
of  resonance  of  the  voice  heard  through  the 
stethoscope,  when  we  examine  the  chest  of  one 
labouring  under  moderate  effusion  into  one  of  the 
pleurae.  The  voice,  which  strikes  the  ear  through 
the  cylinder,  is  more  sharp  and  harsh  than  usual, 
and  tremulous  and  broken,  like  that  of  the  goat. 
The  patient  himself  is  called  Egophone.  Bouil- 
laud  affirms,  that  the  'bronchial  and  bleating 
voice/  (eqobronehophonie)  is  the  principal  symp- 
tom of  pleuropneumonia.  Egophony  exists,  how- 
ever, in  cases  of  hepatization  where  there  is  no 
pleural  disease. 

EGREGOR'SIS,  Vigil'ia,  Vigili'ce,  Vigilan'tia^ 
Vigil  a' tin,  Vigil' ium,  from  typeyopew,  'I  watch.' 
Watchfulness.     A  morbid  want  of  sleep. — Galen. 

EGRESSUS  VENTRICULI,  Pylorus. 

EIDOS,  eiSos,  'form,  resemblance/  The  ti  is 
often  changed  into  w,  at  the  termination  of  a 
word.     Thus,  Hcemato'i'  des  or  Haemato'des. 

EILAMIDES,  Meninges. 

EILE'MA,  from  uXeog,  Jl'eus,  (eiXeut,  'I  roll/) 
'  a  convolution.'  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to 
a  fixed  pain,  occupying  some  portion  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  which  the  patient  compares  to  the 
sensation  that  would  be  produced  by  a  nail  driven 
into  the  part. 

EILEON,  Ileon. 

EILEUS,  Ileus. 

EILOID,  (Tumour,)  Eiloi'des,  from  eiXtu,  'I 
roll/  and  ettios,  'resemblance/  A  morbid  growth 
of  the  cutis,  coiled  or  folded. 

EILSEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Eilsen 
is  about  six  German  miles  from  Hanover,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Harrelberg.  It  has  eleven  springs, 
of  which  seven  are  sulphureous  and  four  chaly- 
beate. 

EISANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma  inter'num,  En- 
lanthe'ma,  from  as,  '  within/  and  avdnpa,  '  efflo- 


rescence. An  eruption  on  a  mucous  membrane  J 
— aphthae,  for  example. 

ETSBOLE,  Attack,  Injection. 

EISPNOE,  Inspiration. 

EJACULATIO,  Ejaculation  — e.  Seminis  Ira- 
pedita,  Bradyspermatismus. 

EJACULA'TION,  Ejacida'tio,  from  e,  and  yi- 
culor,  (itself  from  jacere,)  'I  throw.'  Gonobo/'ia, 
Gonobolis'mus,  Ejuculatio  seu  Profu'sio  seu  Effn'- 
sio  Sem'inis,  Expatra'tio,  Patra'tio,  Spermob'ole. 
The  emission  of  sperm.  That  which  occcra 
during  coition  has  been  termed  Ineemina'tion. 
The  act,  by  which  that  fluid  is  darted  out  through 
the  urethra. 

EJACULA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
effects  the  emission  of  sperm.  See  Transversus 
perinaei. 

Ejaculator  Semtxis,  Accelerator  urinae. 

EJAC'ULATORY,  Ejaculato'rius,  Ejac'ulawi 
same  etymon.  (F.)  Ejaculateur,  Ejaculatoire. 
Concerned  in  the  ejaculation  of  sperm. 

Ejaculatory  Ducts  or  Canals,  (F.)  Conduit* 
ou  Canaux  ejaculateurs,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  vasa  deferentia  with  the  ducts  of  the  vesi- 
culae  seminales.  They  open  at  the  lateral  and 
anterior  parts  of  the  verumontanum,  and  convey 
into  the  urethra  the  sperm  which  is  discharged 
from  the  vesiculae,  as  well  as  that  which  comes 
directly  from  the  testicle  by  the  vas  deferens. 
Between  them  there  is  often  a  depression,  some- 
times of  a  large  size,  which  is  termed  Utric'nltis, 
JJ.  prostat' icus,  Vesi'ca  seu  vesic'ula  prostat' ico, 
Sinus  jiocula'ris  seu  pros'tatce,  Corjius'cidum  Web- 
eria'num,  Webe'rian  organ  or  corpuscle,  which 
has  been  regarded  as  the  analogue  to  the  uterus 
in  the  female,  and  thence  called  U'terus  mascu- 
li'nus. 

EJECTIO,  Excretion— c.  Faecum,  Defecation. 

EJECTION,  Ejec'tio,  from  ejicere,  ejectum,  (e, 
and  jacere,)  'to  throw  out  or  eject/  The  excre- 
tion of  the  fasces,  urine,  sputa,  &c. 

EL  NISPERO,  Sapota. 

ELABORA'TION,  Elabora'tio,  from  e,  and 
laborare,  laboratum,  'to  work.'  This  word  is 
used,  by  physiologists,  to  signify  the  various 
changes  which  substances  susceptible  of  assimi- 
lation undergo,  through  the  action  of  living 
organs,  before  they  are  capable  of  serving  for  nu- 
trition. The  food  is  said  to  be  elaborated  in  the 
stomach  during  the  formation  of  chyme:  the 
chyme  is  elaborated  in  the  small  intestine  before 
it  is  chyle,  &c. 

ELJEA,  Olea  Europcea. 

ELiEAGNUS,  Myrica  gale — e.  Cordo,  Myrica 
gale. 

EL.EOCARPUS  COPALLIFERUS,  Copal. 

ELMOCEROLE,  Cerate. 

ELiEOM'ELI,  from  t\aiov,  'oil/  and  psh, 
'honey.'  Dioscorides  means,  by  this,  an  oil 
thicker  than  honey,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  which 
flows  from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  Syria.  It  is 
acrid  and  purgative ;  and  sometimes  occasions 
serious  symptoms,  according  to  that  author. — 
Gorraeus. 

ELJEOM'ETER,  from  t\aiov,  'oil/  and  perpov, 
'measure.'  A  very  delicate  glass  hydrometer,  for 
testing  the  purity  of  olive  or  almond  oil,  by  de- 
termining their  densities.  The  0  or  zero  of  the 
scale  is  the  point  at  which  the  instrument  floats 
in  the  oil  of  poppy  seeds.  In  pure  olive  oil,  it 
floats  at  50°,  and  the  space  between  these  points 
is  divided  into  50  equal  parts,  and  numbered  ac- 
cordingly. It  floats  at  38°  or  38i°  in  pure  oil  of 
almonds. 

EL.EON,  Oil. 

EL^EOPH'ANES,  from  ilaiov,  'oil/  and  <paivo- 
pai,  'I  appear.'  That  which  has  the  appearance 
of  oil ;  as  Uri'na  elceoph' anes. 


E  L/EO-SACCIIARI'M 


325 


ELECTUARIUM 


BLJiO-6  ICCHARTTM,  from  tXaiev,  'oil,1  and 

/-••  m,    Bal'tamo- 

licine, 

composed  of  essential  oil  and  Bngar.     [(wu  made 

u  ng  upon  an  ounce  of  sugar,  reduced  to 

an  impalpable  powder,  Jss  or  ,~i  of  an  essential 

oil;    the  mixture  being  triturated  until  the  two 

.  united. — Rolflnk. 

BL  UN,  see  Fat 

BLAia  GUINEBN6IS,  see  Coeoi  butyracea— 

-  butyraoea. 
ELA  -V,  Cervua  alces. 
ELAXCESfENT,  see  Lancinating. 
BL  IPHOBOSCUM,  Pastinaea  sativa. 
!  PHOM'YCES  CHAN  i  L  VI  I 
•>'T'Ji.   'a  stag,'  an  1   fivciis,  'a  fungus.') 

/,'./'',   'tux,        I , 

crvi'uum,  Hart's   Truffles,   Deer 

Lycoperdon     nuts.      Nat.    Order,    Fungi, 

rly  used  in  the  preparation  of  a  BaUamiii 

lieu*,  and  to  promote  labour  ami  the  secre- 
niiik.     Given,   also,   as  an    aphrodisiac. 
in  powder. 
BLAPHRIUM   ELEMIFERTJM,  see  Ainyris 
elemifrra — o.  Touieutosum,  Fagara  octandra. 
EL  IPSUS,  Luxation. 
EL  \S'M  V,  from  tXaww,  'I  drive  up.'  A  clyster 

-Linden. 
ELASTES,  Elasticity. 
ELASTICINE,  Bee  Fibrous. 
EL  \S'1'I<"'II'V.  Elaatic"itaa,  El'oter,  E/ns'tcs, 
.    V  i  elua'tica,    Tone,  Tonic"ity,  (F.)  Con- 
.  Contractility  pur  difaui  d'ex- 
.  from  tSavvu.  'I  impel,'  eiaorris.  'a  driver.' 
r  iperty  by  which  certain  bodies  return  to 
their   proper   si/.e    and   shape,   where   these   have 
been    modified    by   pressure    or  otherwise.      It   is 
.    the  dead  as  well  as   by  the  living 

BL  \TK.  Pinus  picea — e.  Theleia,  Pinus  rubra. 
ELATER,  Elasticity. 
BLATERINE,  Bee  Momordica  elaterium. 
BLATERIUM,  Extractum  elaterii,  Momordica 
elaterium — e.  Cordifoliuin,  Momordica  elaterium. 
ELATES,  Elasticity. 

!  I  v.  bi     Momordica  elaterium. 
ELATINE,  Antirhinum  elatine  —  e.  Cymbala- 
itirhinum  linaria — e.  Hastata,  Antirhinum 

BLBOCK,  Elbow. 

ELBOW,  Sax.  elbosa,  from  ell,  and   how;  the 
:  the  ulna.      Cu'bitua,  Aw,,,,,  Pechye,  ('/mi. 
Elbock,  Elbuek,  (F.)   Coude.     This 
word,  abstractedly,  means   the  angle  formed  by 
■   ■>'!  of  two  straight  bodies.     It  is  particu- 
ipplied  to   the  articulation  of  the  arm  with 
•lally    to    the    projection 
the  olecranon  the  posterior 

'   the  joint, 
w.  Mini  us',  see  Miners'  Elbow. 
BLBUCK,  Elbow. 

\1  \.  Triehilia  emetica. 
MA.  Ulcer. 
EL(  OPLASTY,  Helcoplasty. 
BLCO'SIS,  //>/', ,'xih,  Elco'ma,  ffelco'ma,  from 
ulcer.'     Ulceration    in    general.     An 
m  of  the  cornea,  in  con- 
nce  of  a  blow  or  of  violent  inflammation. — 
Galen, 

of   the 

In  which  there  are  numerous  ulcerations  of 

■  character,  complicated  with  caries, 

.   low   fever,   Ac. 

BLCDSTER,  Embryulcus. 
ELDER,   Sambucus  — e.   Common,   Sambueus 
D  rarf,  Aralia  bispida,  Sambucua 

—  e.  Priokly,  Aralia  Bpinosa  — e.  Rcdher- 
ibens. 


ELECAMPANE,  Inula  helenium 

BLECTRICIT  LS,  Electrioity  —  e.  Animalia, 
Galvanism — e.  Galvanioa,  Galvanism — e.  Metul- 
lica,  Galvanism. 

ELECTRICITY,  Electric"  itae,  from  >i\ckt(jov, 
'  amber,' — the  substance  in  which  it  was  first  no- 
ticed. Electricity  is  used  medicinally  as  an  ex- 
citant. It  has  been  occasionally  employed  with 
in  paralysis, rheumatism, accidental  deaf- 
ness, amaurosis,  amenorrhoa,  &C,  but  it  is  un- 
Oertaln,  and  not  much  used  ;  and  the 

always  clear  in  which  it  could  be  of  servioe.  It 
may  be  oommonicated  by  means  of  the  electric 

Ixtth  —  Burn  ilectrique,  as  it  has  been  called: 
which  consists  in  placing  the  patient  upon  an 
insulated  Btool,  and  connecting  him  with  the  prime 
conductor,  of  which  be  thus  becomes  a  part.  The 
fluid  may  be  communicated  by  points,  sparks,  or 
by  shocks,  according  to  the  required  intensity. 

Blbctbicitt,  Ciikmical,  Galvanism  —  e.  Con- 
tact, Galvanism  —  e.  Magnetic,  Electro-Magne- 
tism— e.  Voltaic,  Galvanism. 

ELECTRIFY,  from  electric,  and  Jio,  'I 
make.'  (F.)  E/ectriner.  To  produce  the  electri- 
cal condition  in  a  body,  or  to  render  it  - 
tible  of  producing  electrical  phenomena.  It  is 
often  used  to  Bignify  the  act  of  communicating 
the  electric  fluid  to  man. 

tLECTRISER,  to  electrify. 

ELECTRO'DES,  from  rj^xrpov,  'amber,'  and 
eiSos,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  for  evacuations, 
which  shine  like  amber. — Hippocrates,  Foc.-ius. 

ELEC'TRO-LITIIOT'RITY.  The  disintegra- 
tion of  calculi  in  the  bladder  by  the  mechan- 
ical force  of  the  electrical  discharge,  applied  by 
an  appropriate  apparatus. 

Kb  EC'TRO  -  M  A  (J  'X  BTI8M,  Va!r,rt'ic  elec- 
tric" ity.  An  electro-magnetic  apparatus  is  occa- 
sionally used  in  cases  of  paralysis.  A  convenient 
form  consists  of  a  battery  of  six  curved  perma- 
nent magnets,  and  an  intensity  armature,  around 
whose  cylinders  1500  yards  of  fine  insulated  cop- 
per  wire  are  coiled.  The  ends  of  the  wire  commu- 
nicate respectively,  with  a  pair  of  directors,  each 
of  which  holds  a  piece  of  sponge,  dipped  in  vine- 
gar or  a  solution  of  common  salt.  When  the 
armature  is  rotated,  ami  a  portion  of  the  body  is 
interposed  between  the  directors,  a  succession  of 
shocks  is  received. 

lAAX'niOPUNC'TURE.Electropunctitra'tio,,, 
Electroetix'ie,  Gal'vanopuncture.  The  operation 
of  inserting  two  or  more  wires,  ami  then  con- 
necting them  to  the  poles  of  the  galvanic  appa- 
ratus. 

I'.LFCTROSTIXIS,  Electropuncture. 

ELECTRUM,  Succinum. 

ELECTl  A  //.'A',  Elcctuarium  —  e.  Dentifrice, 
Dentifrice — >■.  Simple,  Conserve. 

ELECTUA'RIUM,  Electa' Hum,  <>,.in'tnm,  (Old 
Eng.)  AUeetuary,  an  Electuary,  (  F. )  El>  <-i mil,  e 
Saccharoli  mou,  from  eligere,  elect  urn,  'to  make 
choice.'  A  pharmaceutical  composition  of  a  soft 
Consistence,  somewhat  thicker  than  honey,  and 
formed  of  powders,  pulps,  extracts,  syrup,  honey, 
<fcc.  In  the  London  and  American  I'haiina- 
COpoeias,  electuaries  are  classed  under  Confec- 
tions. 

Elxctuarium  Dl  Ai.ok,  Opiatum  mesentericum 
— e.  Aperiens,  Confectio  sennas—  c.  Aromatioom, 
Confectio  aromatica— e.  Cassias,  Confectio  cassias 

BstulSB,  Confectio  cassia e.  Cassia* 

sennaB,  l  ana — e.  Cassise  tamarindatum 

scu  lenitivnm,  Confectio  cassisa — e.  Catechu,  Con- 
fectio catechu  compositum — e.  Catholioum  SOm- 
mune,  Confectio  sennas —  e.  Cinohonse,  Opiatum 
febrifugum  —  e.  de  Croco  emendatum,  Confectio 
byacintbi  —  e.  Diaprunnm,  Confeotio  senna — e. 
Eccoproticum,  Confeotio  sennas — e.  de  Kina  kins* 


ELECTUARY 


326 


ELEVATOR 


Opiaturn  febrifugntn —  e.  Laxativum,  Confection 
cassia- — e.  Lenitivura,  Confeetio  sennae — e.  Opia- 
turn, Confeetio  opii — e.  Piperis,  Confeetio  piperis 
—  e.  Scamrnonii,  Confeetio  scammonise —  e.  e 
Scammonio,  Confeetio  scaminoniae —  e.  Sennas, 
Confeetio  senna? — e.  Sennas  compositum,  Confeetio 
senna? — e.  Senna?  cum  pulpis,  Confeetio  sennae  — 
c.  Soliduin,  Tabella  —  e.  Thebaicuru,  Confeetio  , 
opii. 

ELECTUARY,  Electuarium— e.  Lenitive,  Con- 
feetio sen  life. 

ELEEXCEPHALE,   from    c>aiov,    'oil,'    and 
zyKzj>a\ov.  'encephalon.'    A  fatty  matter  found  by 
Couerbe  in  the  encephalic  neurine. 
ELELISPHACOS,  Salvia. 

EL'EMENT,  E/emen'tnm,  from  ancient  eleo 
for  olen,  'to  grow'  [?],  Princip'ium,  P.  Primiti'- 
vum,  Stoichei'on.  A  simple,  ultimate  constituent 
or  principle  in  the  human  body,  which  forms  the 
basis  of  a  fibre  or  tissue.  Also,  a  constituent  of 
a  compound  organ.  The  inorganic  elements  are 
simple  principles.  An  organic  element,  ])roxi- 
mate  principle  or  compound  of  organization,  re- 
sults from  the  union  of  certain  inorganic  ele- 
ments. Oxygen,  hydrogen,  carbon,  and  azote, 
are  inorganic  elements;  fibrin,  albumen,  osma- 
zoine,  <fcc,  organic  elements. 

Elements,  Organic,  Principles,  immediate — e. 
Sarcous.  see  Sarcous. 

ELEMENTARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 
ELEMEXTUM  ACIDIFICUM,  Oxygen. 
ELEMI.  Amyris  elemifera. 
ELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 
ELEO'CHARIS    PALUS'TRTS,    Seirpus  pa- 
ins' tris ;    indigenous.       Orel.    Cyperaceae.       The 
flowering  tops,  seeds  and  roots  are  Astringent)  and 
have  been  used  in  diarrhoea  and  hemorrhage. 
ELEOLES,  Olea  medicinalia, 
BLEOSBLINUM,  Apium  petroselinum. 
ELEPHANTI'ASIS,     Elephanti'a,     Elephan- 
tias'mus,    El'ephas,    Lne'art    morbus   seu    malum, 
L>ha?nic"etis  morbus,   Phijmato'sis  Elephanti'asis, 
from    t\i<pai,    zkttyavTos,    'an    elephant.'     Various 
affections  have  been  described  under  this  name, 
hy  adding  an  epithet.     It  is  ordinarily  and  gene- 
rically  applied  to  a  condition,  in  which  the  skin 
is  thick,  livid,  rugous,  tuberculate,  and  insensible 
to  feeling. 

Elephantiasis  op  the  Antilles,  Barba'does 
Leg,  Gland' ular  disease  of  Barbadoes,  (F.)  Jambes 
de  Barbade,  is  the  Elephantiasis  of  many  writers, 
Bucne'mia.  It  is  characterized  by  the  leg  being 
enormously  tumid  and  misshapen  ;  skin  thick- 
ened, livid,  and  rugous,  often  scaly ;  scrotum, 
arms,  or  other  parts  sometimes  participating  in 
the  affection.  The  Bucne'mia  Trop'ica,  Cochin 
leg.  is  an  affection  of  this  kind. 

Elephanti'asis  Arab'ica.  Tijri'asis,  El'ephas, 
Elephanti'asis,  E.  Tn'dica,  Elephanti'a  Ar'abum, 
Lepra  Arabum  (of  some),  tfaladie  glandulaire, 
Ladrerie,  Yava  Skin  of  the  Polynesians  [?].  In 
this  the  tubercles  are  chiefly  on  the  face  and 
joints.  There  is  loss  of  hair,  except  on  the 
scalp:  voice,  hoarse  and  nasal:  and  the  disease 
is  said  to  be  contagious  and  hereditary.  It  most 
frequently  attacks  the  feet;  and  gives  the  lower 
extremity  a  fancied  resemblance  to  the  leg  of  an 
elephant,  whence  its  name.  The  seat  of  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  be  in  the  lymphatic  vessels  and 
glands,  and  in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue: 
the  inflammatory  condition  of  which  is  accom- 
panied with  general  morbid  symptoms.  Medicine 
has  little  or  no  effect  on  this  loathsome  complaint. 
See  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  op  Cayenne,  Mai  rouge  de 
Cayenne,  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  Lepra,  charac- 
terized by  red  and  yellow  spots,  occupying  the 
forehead,  ears,  hands,  loins,  &c,  afterwards  ex- 


tending and  becoming  scaly,  with  deformity  of 
the  parts  where  they  are  seated,  particularly  of 
the  face  ;  and  ultimately  producing  cracks,  ulcers, 
caries,  and  sometimes  death. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Greeks,  E.  Grcsco'- 
rum.  is  probably  the  same  disease  as  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  oe  India  is  characterized  hy 
red,  livid,  or  yellowish  spots,  slightly  prominent, 
to  which  succeed  indolent  tumours,  formed  in  the 
areolar  texture.  At  a  more  advanced  period  the 
phalanges  swell,  and  become  ulcerated  ;  the  bones 
of  the  nose  carious,  the  lips  thickened,  and  ema- 
ciation gradually  carries  off  the  patient.  It  like- 
wise belongs  to  lepra. 

Elephantiasis  Italtca,  Pellagra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Java  is  likewise  a  variety 
of  lepra,  characterized  by  large  white  tumours 
on  the  toes  and  fingers,  resembling  scrofulous 
tumefactions.  These  tumours  ulcerate,  and  the 
ulcerations  spread  from  the  extremities  towards 
the  trunk,  destroying  even  the  bones.  Amputa- 
tion can  alone  arrest  its  progress.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  by  alopecia,  and  hy  an 
eruption  of  red  spots. 

ELEPHAN'TINUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,  EAs- 
(pavrivov.  An  ancient  plaster,  composed  of  30 
parts  of  ceruss,  45  of  wax.  oil  Ihss,  water  ftj. — 
Castelli.  Oribasius  and  Celsus  both  mention  a 
plaster  of  this  name,  but  the}7  are  by  no  means 
similar  in  composition. 

ELEPHANTOMMA,  Buphthalmia. 

ELEPHAN'TOPUS,  (F.)  Elephantope ;  from 
j  t\etpag,  'elephant,'  and  tous,  'foot.'  One  affected 
I  with  elephantiasis. 

ELEPHAXTUSIA,  Phytelephas  macrocarpa. 

ELEPHAS,  Elephantiasis,  Ivory. 

ELETTARIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum 
cardamomum. 

ELEUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

ELEVATE  UP.  Elevator— e.  Commun  de  Vaile 
du  nez  et  de  la  levre  superieure,  Levator  labii  SU- 
perioris  alaeque  nasi — e.  de  I'QZil,  Rectus  superior 
oculi — e.  de  la  Paupiere  superieure,  Levator  pal- 
pebral superioris. 

ELE  VA  TOIRE,  Elevator. 

ELEVA'TIO  U'TERI.     Ascent  of  the  uterus. 

I  This  displacement  occasionally  occurs,  in  the 
unimpregnated  state,  in  connection  with  fibrous 
uterine,  and  enlarged  ovarian  tumours. 

ELEVA'TOR,  Levator,  from  elevare,  (e,  and 
levare,)  'to  lift  up.'  (F.)  Elerateur.  A  muscle, 
whose  function  it  is  to  raise  the  part  into  which 
it  is  inserted.     See  Levator. 

Elevator,  Elevato'rium,  Vectis  elevato'rius, 
Elevatoire.  A  name  given  to  different  surgical 
instruments  employed  for  raising  portions  of  bone 
which  have  been  depressed,  for  raising  and  de- 
taching the  portion  of  bone  separated  by  the 
crown  of  the  trepan,  and  for  removing  stumps 
of  teeth. 

Elevator  Ant,  Levator  ani — e.  Labii  inferio- 
ris,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  e.  Labii  superioris 
proprius,  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius  —  e. 
Labiorum  communis,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  e. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — e.  Patientia?,  Leva- 
tor scapulae  —  e.  Scapulae,  Levator  scapulae  —  e. 
Testiculi,  Cremaster  —  e.  Urethrae,  see  Transver- 
sa perinaei. 

Elevator,  Common.  This  is  a  mere  lever,  the 
end  of  which  is  somewhat  bent  and  made  rough, 
in  order  that  it  may  less  readily  slip  away  frojn 
the  portion  of  bone  which  is  to  be  raised.  The 
instrument  is  used,  by  forming  a  fulcrum  for  it, 
either  on  the  hand  which  holds  it,  or  upon  the 
fingers  of  the  other  hand;  or  by  making  a  fixed 
point  for  it  on  the  edge  of  the  opening  made  with 

II  the  trephine. 

Elevator  of  Louis  differed  from  the  last  only 


EL  EYE  JBJTT1 


•27 


ELLEBORASTER 


in  the  circumstance  of  the  screw-pop  being  united 

to  the  bridge  by  a  kind  of  pirot  instead  oi 

bo  that  greater  extent  of  notion  was  permitted. 

Blbvatob  ok  I'ktit  consists  of  a  lever  mounted 
on  a  handle,  and  straight  throughout  its  whole 
length,  except  at  it-  very  end,  which  is  slightly 
curved,  in  order  that  it  may  he  more  conveni- 
ently put  under  the  portion  of  bone  intended  to 
be  elevated.     The  lever  is  pierced  at  various  dis- 
from  its  butt-end  with  several  ho!  -.  in- 
.  for  the  reception  of  a  movable  screw-peg, 
D  the  top  of  a   kind   of  bridge.      This  part 
of  the  instrument  consists  of  an  arch,  the  ends 
:i  are  long,  and  covered  with  small    pads. 
and  nn  its  centre  is  the  screw-peg  already  men- 
By  means  of  these  holes  the  arm*  of  the 


chona?  nranra  —  e.  Antinophretioum,  E.  acidurn 
Halleri — e.  Aperitivum,  Tinctura  aloes  composite* 

Elixir.  Ahtmi  m.r'i  i  ...  .    ,,    1',  -,  i:,,.,:,  .  (,,IU. 

if  weak  alcohol,  tubcarbonate  of  potato, 

and  gentian  root.     It  is  administered  in  Bcrofula. 

Elixir,  1)oi.i:haa\ ■!.•>.  see  Tinctux 
posita. 

Li.ixn:,  C.uiminativk,  or  Stlvh  -.  Tinctura 
carminativa  Bylvii. 

Elixir  O.u  i.i:'i:i,  ClAUDEr'a  WUctir.  Made 
by  macerating  for  ■  few  days  earbonate  of  po- 
tato xjj  aloe*,  guaiacum,  myrrh,  taffron,  rhu- 
barb bruised,  of  each  Jij  ;  water  fjfxvhj  ;  and 
decanting.  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  as  a  laxative 
and  emmenagogue. 

Elixir,   Daffy's,  Tinotura  sennas  pomp.  —  e. 


in  be  lengthened  at  pleasure.  Danornm,  E.  pectorale  regis  Danise— e.  Fonidum" 

:.  rnip'LOiD,  Vecti*  tripUfi'de:    This  Tinctura  eaatorei  compoaita  —  e.  of  Garus   Tine! 

called  from  its  consisting  of  three  branches,  turn  de   croco  eom posita— e    Guaiaci  volntilis 

The  latter  Tinctura  Guaiacj  ammoniata— e  Jalapse 


part  was  traversed  by  a  long  screw,  having  below 
a  kind  of  honk,  and  above  a  handle  for  turning 
it.  By  turning  the  screw,  the  hook  was  drawn 
up.  and  the  bone  thus  elevated. 

The   simple  lever   is    the   only  one  now  used, 
own:-  to  the  want  of  facility  and  advant 
the  ase  of  the  others. 


ELE\  I'  EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon 
Interne,  House-surgeon. 


•e*. 


A  generic 


eompo- 
Bitum,  Tinctura  jalapii  oomposita — e.  of  Long 
Lite,  Tinctura  aloes  oomposita — e.  de  Longue  vie, 
Tinctura  aloes  oomposita — &  (/'Or  </e  M.  le  Gt- 
niral  de  la  Mutt,:,  Tinctura  sen  Alcohol  sulfurico- 
a'thereus  — e.  Paregoric,  Edinburgh,  Tinctura 
opii  ammoniata— e.  Paregorioum,  Tinctura  eam- 
phoraa  oomposita  — e.  Pecturale  dulce,  E.  pecto- 
rale re^is  Danise. 

Elixir  Pfctora'lk  Rlgis  Da'ni.e,  E.  Dano'- 
rmn  seu  Ringelman'ni  seu  er  tueeo  glycyrrhi'zm 


nthemata,  in   which     Bea  pectnra'le  dul'ei  seu  e  micro  liquirit"ia :  (Sin 
tissue  of  the   skin,     gtytyrrhis.  p.  1  :  Aq.  FosnicuL  p.  2;  Alcohol  at 


EL  EVl  I!  ES  I  P.),  EftlorP*r entice 
nam-,  including  all  the  exanth 
there    is   tumefaction   of  the 

Ixanthem.  moniat.  p.  (5.    A  formula  in  many  of  the  Pharina 

ELF-LkCK.    A  condition  of  the  hair  in  which  coPa'ias  of.  continental  Europe.)     With  the  addi- 

it  is  matted  and   twisted  into  locks,  as  in  plica.   '  tlon  °[  °Vxuxn  »*  constitutes  the  Elixir  ammoni- 

-  d.  in  olden  times,  to  have  been  the  work  oto-<>P,'0'f***»  Extraettm  theba'icum  amnion  lata' le 


liries 

BLIASTER,  Ilech. 

ELK  HR1  SUM,  Solidago  virgaurea — e.  Mon- 
tanuin.  Antennaria  dioica. 
BLICOIDES,  Capreolaris. 
BLIGMA,  Ecleetos. 
BLIMINANTIA,  Eccritica. 
ELIMINATIVES,  Eccritica. 
BLIQUATIO,  Colliquation. 
ELIXA'TIO,  Epee'eie,  from  elixu*,  (e,  and  lix, 
'water,    liquor,    lye.')    'boiled,'    'sodden.'      This 
word  has   hen  osed  synonymously  with  Decoc- 
tion.    The  act  of  boiling. 

LI. IX  IK.    lair,    Txir,    Quefiea,   Afex'ir.     The 

■tymology  of  this   word   is  not  clear.     Lemery 

-   it  from  c\ku),  'I  extract:'  and  also  from 

I  aid.'     Others  believe  it  to  be  from  Ara- 

or  al-ektir,  'chymistry.'     An  elixir 

is  a  medicine    composed    of  various    substances 

held  in  solution  in  alcohol.     The  name  has  been 

'"ever,   for  preparations  which   contain 

Do  spirit  of  wine. 


hi. imp.    Ac"iditm    Hallrri    seu     Dipi-ki/h, 

i    Antinephretfieum    seu 

BHlphH  rxco-ac"idum,  Gutta  ac"ida  ton'ica,  Aqua 

I'ior  ac"idm  Halleri,  Mistu'ra   buI- 

pkHru:o-ac"tda,    Mther    eufphu'rieu*     ac"idu», 

m  eulphu'ricum  alcool tea' turn,  A.   vitriol'. 

tuo'eum,   Al'cohol  Sulphurica'tum,  A.  sul- 

um,  i-  a  mixture  of  concentrated  sulphuric 

aoid  and  alcohol  — in  the  /•;„  ,,,•  ,„„. 

•  '.ruier  to  three  of  the  latter.     It  is 

employed  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  Ac. 

Im.imi:  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  composita— e 

wnticum  Succorum,  Tinctura  jalapii  com- 

EUX'H.     Aim-ASTHMAT'IC      OF      BoRniMAV,. 

of  alcohol,  aniseed,  cam- 
alamue  aromatictu 
("'"I"  '"/'■"»'■    It  is  given  in  asthma^ 

Jn  'J1  r  30  drops. 

«  AwurTPOOHOHDRuouM,  Tinctura  cin- 


!  of  some  Pharmacopoeias. 

Elixir  Proprietatis,  Tinctura  aloes  compo- 
sita— e.  Purgans,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita— e. 
Radcliffe's,  see  Tinctura  aloes  composita— e.  Rhej 
dulce,  Vinum  rhej  palmati  — e.  Ringelraanni,  E. 
pectorale  regis  Danise  — e.  Roborans  Whyttii, 
Tinctura  cinchona}  amara  —  e.  Sacrum.  Tinctura 
rhej  et  aloes  —  e.  Salutis,  Tinctura  senme   comp. 

—  e.  Squire's,  see  Tinctura  camphors  composita 

—  e.  Stomachicum,  Tinctura  gentians  composita 
— e.  Stomachicum  spirituosum.  Tinctura  cinohonre 
amara  — e.  Stoughton's,  see  Tinctura  gentianea 
composita— e.  ex  Succo  glycyrrhiza;,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Dani»— e.  ex  Succo  liquiritiae,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danorum— e.  Sulphurico-acidum,  E.  acidurn 
Halleri  —  e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Lenzoini 
composita. 

Elixir  Vit.f.  of  Matiii'olfs  ;  composed  of 
alcohol  and  22  aromatic  and  stimulating  sub- 
stances.    It  was  formerly  employed  in  op 

Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid,  dilute e. 

Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  aoidum  aromatioum  —  e. 
Vitrioli  acido-aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  aoidum 
aromatioum  —  e.  Vitrioli  dulce.   Spiritus   BBtheris 

aroniaticus   Sulphuricum   aoidum  aromatioum 

e.  Vitrioli  Bdinburgensium,  Sulphuricum  aoidum 
aromatioum— e.  Vitrioli  Mynrichti,  Sulphuricum 
aoidum  aromatiieum — e.  of  Vitriol,  sweet,  Spiritus 

BBtheris  aromatious  —  e.  Vitrioli  cum  tinctura  an  - 

matica,  Sulphuricum  aoidum  aromaticuu — e.  of 

Vitriol,  Vigani's,  Spiritus  a-theris  aromatic  us — e. 
Whyttii.  Tinctura  cinchona'  amara. 

ELIXIRI1  .M  ANTISEPTICUM  DOCTORIS 
<dLM  SSIER,  'J'inctura  cinclionaj  BBtherea  com- 
posita. 

BLIXIB,  Ecleetos. 

BUXIVIATION,  Lixiviation. 

ELK,  Cervus  alecs — c.  Lark.  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla— e.  Tree,  Andromeda  arborea — e.  Wood, 
Andromeda  arborea,  Magnolia  maerophylla, 

BLKOPL  \-TV.  Belcoplasty. 

ELLA  I!  N  E,  Bambucna. 

ELLELUKASTLK,  Helleborus  foetidus. 


ELLEBORE 


32  8 


E  MB  ARRAS  GASTRJQUE 


ELLEBORE,  Dracontium  footidum. 
ELLEBORISMUS,  Helleborismus. 
ELLEBORUM  ALBUM,  Veratrum  album. 
ELLEBORUS  ALB  US,  Veratrum  — e.  Niger, 
Helleborus  niger. 

ELLEN-TREE,  Sambucus. 
ELLER,  Alnus  glutinosa. 

ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING  FLUID.  An 
ontibromic  or  remover  of  odours  —  said  to  be  a 
solution  of  a  persalt  of  iron. 
ELLET,  Sambucus. 
ELLIPTIC,  Oval. 

ELLYCH'NIOTOS,  from  eWvxviov,  'the  wick 
of  a  lamp.'  A  sort  of  tent,  used  by  tbe  ancient 
surgeons,  so  called  because  it  was  shaped  like  a 
wick,  or  because  it  was  made  of  a  similar  material. 
ELM,  COMMON,  Ulmus— e.  Red,  Ulmus  Ame- 
ricana— e.  Rough-leaved,  Ulmus  Americana — e. 
Siipi^erv,  Ulmus  Americana. 

ELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 
ELNORNE,  Sambucus. 

ELO'DES,  Hdo'des,  Paludal,  Marshy,  (F.)  Ma- 
rAcageux,  Paludeen,  Palmtre.  Febris  elo'des  seu 
hi'lo'des  seu  paludo'sa,  Helop'yra,  ffelopyr'etos, 
from  'e\og,  'a  marsh,'  and  eibos,  'resemblance.' 
Marsh  fever.  (F.)  Fievre  intermittente  palu- 
deenne,  F.  paludeenne  ou  Maremmatique,  because 
it  prevails  in  the  Maremma  district  of  Italy. 
Also,  a  kind  of  fever,  characterized  by  great 
moisture  o^  sweating. 
ELOME,  Orpiment, 

ELONGA'TION,  Paratlro'ma,  Elonga'tio, 
from  elongare,  elongation,  (e,  and  longus.)  'to 
lengthen,'  'extend.'  An  incomplete  luxation,  in 
which  the  ligaments  of  an  articulation  are  stretched 
and  the  limb  lengthened,  without  total  luxation. 
Tne  word  has  also  been  used  for  the  extension  re- 
quired in  the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations, 
and  for  the  increased  length  of  limb,  (F.)  A/longe- 
ment.  in  diseases  and  dislocations  of  the  hip-joint. 
ELREN,  Sambucus. 
ELTII.  see  Age. 

ELUTRIATIO,  Decantation,  Elutriation. 
ELUTRIA'TION,  Elutria'tio  ;  originally  from 
eluo,  (e,  and  luo,  'I  wash,')  'I  wash  away,  I 
rinse.'  In  pharmacy  a  process  by  which  the 
liner  particles  of  a  powder  are  separated  from  the 
coarser.  It  consists  in  diffusing  the  powder  in 
water,  allowing  the  larger  and  heavier  particles 
to  subside,  and  then  decanting  the  liquor,  that 
the  finer  particles  may  subside. 

ELU'VIES,  same  etymon.    An  inordinate  dis- 
charge of  any  fluid,  and  also  the  fluid  itself.     In 
the  works  of  some  authors  it  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  the  mucus  which  flows  from  the  vagiua 
in  cases  of  leucorrhcea. 
ELUXATION,  Luxation. 
ELYTRATRESIA,  Colpatresia. 
ELYTREURYNTER,  Speculum  vaginae. 
ELY'TRITIS,  Colposis.  Leucorrhcea. 
ELYTROBLENNORRHCEA,  Leucorrhcea  (va- 
ginal). 

EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  tXvrpov,  'a  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  Kn^n,  'a  tumour.'  Vogel  has  given 
this  name  to  vaginal  hernia,  Cofpoce'le. 

ELYTRODES  (tunica),  Vaginal  coat  of  the 
testicle. 

ELYTTRCEDE'MA,    Colecede'ma,    Colpoede'ma, 
from  e\vtjjov.   'a  vagina    or   sheath,'  and  oiSrjjia, 
'oedema.'     GBdema  of  the  vagina. 
ELYrTROITIS,  Colposis. 

EL'YTRON,  from  e\vu),  'I  involve.'  A  sheath. 
The  vagina.  The  membranes  which  envelope 
the  spinal  marrow  are  called  elytra. 

ELYTRON'CUS,  Ely  trophy 'ma,  from  eXvrpov, 
'a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oyKog,  'a  tumour.'  A 
swelling  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPAP'PUS  RHINOCERO'TIS.  A 
South  African   bush,  Nat.  Ord.  Composite,  the 


from 
The 


CoU 
'the 


whole  of  which  is  bitter  and  resinous.     The  tops 
of  the  branches,  infused  in  wine  or  brandy,  make 
excellent   bitters.     The  tops    are   also   given  in. 
powder  to  children  affected  with  diarrhoea. 
ELYTROPHYMA,  Elytroncus. 
EL'YTROPLAS'TY,     El'ytroplas'tice ; 
cXvTf/ov,  'the  vagiua,'  and  rAao-cw,  '  I  form.' 
operation  for  restoration  of  the  vagina. 
ELYTROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 
ELYTRORRHAGIA,  Colporrhayia. 
ELYTROR'RIIAPHY,    E/ytrorrhaph'ia, 
por'rhapy,    Kolpor' 'rhaphy  ;    from    EXvrpov, 
vagina,'  and  putprj,  'a  suture.'     The  operation  of 
closing  the  vagina  bjr  suture  in  cases  of  prociden- 
tia uteri. 

EM  and  EN,  cv,  'in,  into,  within:'  also  'ex- 
cess:' frequently  used  in  this  last  sense  by  Dr. 
Good.  A  common  prefix,  generally  answering  to 
the  prefixes  tin  and  in,  in  English.  In  composi- 
tion, before  (3,  n,  <p,  -vj,,  and  p.,  the  v  is  changed 
into//;  before  y,  k,  £,  and  ^,  into  y ;  before  A, 
into  X  ;  and  before  p  generally  into  p. 

EMACIATE,  Maces'cere,  Tabes'eere,  (F.) 
Amaigrir ;  from  emaciare,  emaciatit/n,  (e,  and 
maceo.  'to  be  lean,')  'to  grow  lean.'  To  lose 
flesh,  to  become  lean,  to  waste  away. 

EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio,  Extenua'tio,  Maf- 
cies,  Macritu'do,  J/acror,  Marco' res,  Skeleti'a, 
Leptysm'us,  Leptyn'sis,  Pingned'inis  diminu'tio, 
(F.)  Amaigrissement,  Deperissement.  That  con- 
dition of  the  body,  or  of  a  part  of  the  body,  in 
which  it  grows  lean.  The  state  of  one  who  is 
lean — Leanness,  Isch' notes,  (F.)  Malgreur. 

EMAIL  DES  DENTS,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

EMATLLOTAGE  (P.),  from  maillot,  'swath- 
ing or  swaddling  clothes.'  The  'wrapping  up'  or 
'packing  up'  in  dry  or  wet  sheets,  which  is  prac- 
tised in  hydropathic  establishments  to  induee 
sweating. 

EMANA'TION,  Emana'tio,  Efflu'vium,  from 
emanare,  emanatum,  (e,  and  manare,)  'to  issue 
or  flow  from.'  The  term  is  applied  to  a  body 
which  proceeds  or  draws  its  origin  from  other 
bodies — such  as  the  light  which  emanates  from 
the  sun  ;  the  miasm  which  arises  from  the  putrid 
decomposition  of  animal  or  vegetable  substances, 
&c.     See  Miasm. 

EMAN'SIO  MEN'SIUM,  from  e,  and  manere, 
mansion,  '  to  stay.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  amenorrhcea  or  obstruction  of  the  menses  be- 
fore they  have  been  established.  Some  have 
used  it  for  the  retention  which  occurs  even  after 
they  have  been  established.  The  former  is  the 
general  acceptation. 

EMARGINATIO,  Echancrure,  Notch. 

EMARGINATURA,  Echancrure,  Notch. 

EMASCULA'TION,  Emascula'tio,  from  emas- 
culare,  (e,  and  masculns,  'a  male,')  'to  render 
impotent.'  The  act  of  removing  or  destroying 
the  generative  organs  of  a  male  animal. 

EMASCULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EMBALM'ING,  from  em,  en,  'in,'  and  balsa- 
mum,  'balsam.'  Bahama' tio,  Smi/rnis'mos,  Ce- 
dci'a,  Pollinctu'ra,  Necrocedi'a,  Conditu'ra  Ca- 
dav'erum,  (F.)  Embaumement,  Imbalsamation.  An 
operation  which  consists  in  impregnating  the 
dead  body  with  substances  capable  of  preventing 
it  from  becoming  putrid,  and  thus  putting  it  in  a 
condition  to  be  preserved. 

EMBAM'MA,  Apobam'ma,  Bamma,  from  t/i- 
/?arru>,  (en,  and  (3axTu),  'I  dip,')  'I  immerse.'  A 
medicated  pickle  or  sauce. — Gorraeus. 

EMBARRAS,  Emphraxis. 

EMB ARRAS  GASTRIQUE  (F.),  Gastric  die- 
order  or  impediment,  Collu'vies  gas'trica,  Sordes 
prima' rum  via'nun,  Status  gas'tricus,  Gaster 
atax'ia,  (F.)  Gastricite.  Disorder  of  the  stomach, 
in  which  there  is  loss  of  appetite,  with  bitterness 


EM B ARRAS 


3 'J  9 


£  METIS  ER 


and    clamminess    of    mouth,    white    and    j 

ippreasion  in  the  epigastrium, 
in  in  that  region,  nausea  and 
bilious  or  bitter  vomiting;  tin.-  state  bei 
oompanied  wiiii  headaeh,  lassitude,  and  pain  in 
.  and  limbs. 
EMBARRAS  G  ASTRO-INTESTINAL,  <■  <• 
tca'tiual   disorder.     Blight   gastro-enteritis, 
the  Bronssaists,  in  which  the  symp- 
;  the  Embarras  gastriqut  and  B.  intestinal 
arc  united. 

EMU  \RRAS  INTESTINAL,  Intestinal  dis- 

The  principal  characters  assigned  to  this 

are: — tension  of  the  abdomen  colic,  borborygmjj 

discharge  of  flatus  peranum,  constipation  or  diar- 

E3IBARRURE,  Engisoma, 
EMBAUMEMENT,  Embalming. 

EM  UOtTEMENT(V.).     '  Encasing,'  from  em, 

'in.'    d  'a    box.1      Enadelpki'a,   Enda- 

delphi'a,    Enteradelphi' a.     Thia    term    has    been 

applied  to  the  theory  of  generation  which  eon- 

piders  that  the  germs  are  encased  in  each  other 

in  the  ovary  of  the  female,  in  such  sort  that  they 

--inn  after  impregnation. 

■  ry  of  encasing  of  germs,  or  of  mous- 

i  inclusion. 

RE,  Diarthrosis. 
:.  from  tutfaUu,,   (en  and  j3aAAoj,)  'I 
put   in    place.'      Reduction    of   a    luxated    bone. 


\t"t 


Also,  a  plug,  as  of  a  blood-vessel. 


KMBOLIMOS,  rntercalary, 

OLUM   CEREBRI,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

EMBONPOINT,    (F.)      'In    good    point   or 

plight.'      Bona    cor'poris    habitu'do.      The    state 

of  the  animal  body  when  in  full  health.     Exces- 

iboupoint  constitutes  corpulence  and  obe- 

fitv.  and  may  become  a  morbid  condition. 

EMBONPOINT  EXCESSIF,  Polysaroiaadi- 

EMBORISMA,  Aneurism. 

EMBOWELLING,  Exenterismus. 

EMBREQMA,  Embrocation. 

EM  BROCATIO,  Embrocation,  Irrigation. 

I'TION,  Embroca'tio,  Embreg'ma, 
Em'broche,  Implu'vium,  from  tufipe)(t»,  (tfi.  and 
(ifjtX^,  •  1  wet. 'j  •  I  dip  in.'  A  fluid  application 
to  be  rubbed  on  any  part  of  the  body.  It  is 
often  used  synonymously  with   liniment. 

employed  in  the  sense  of  Fomeuta- 

•cation,  Go  ESTONIAN,  see    Oleum  Tere- 
binth in  te  reetificatum. 

ROCHE,  Embrocation. 

bryon,  from  cv,  '  in,'  and  (ipvio, 

■  fecundated  germ,  in  the 

early  -  development  in  utero.     At  a 

certain  period  of  its  increase,  the  D&me faetns  is 

•  •  it,  but  at  what  period  i-  not  determined. 

G  idered  to  ex- 

I  iiickening. 

KM  I;  W,     Foetus    trucida'tio,    from 

ryo,'  and  urovui,  '  destruction.' 

hen  in- 

inrmountabl  certain  deformities 

of  the  pelvi — oppose  delivery. 

yogra'phia,    from 

.  'tli"  embryo,'  and  ypa<prj,  'a  description.' 

matomy  which  describes  the  embryo. 

EMBRYOL'OGY,  Embryolog"ia,  from  tu&pvov, 

mbryo,'  and  X«j  ription.'    The 

embryonic  description. 
IRYON'IC,    Embryon't'cus,    (V.)    Emhryo- 
-  1 1 1 j . -  etymon  as  embryo. 
rtaining    to    an    embryo:  —  as 
life.' 
BBTONIQUE,  Embryonic. 


EMBRTONNAIRE,  Embryonic. 
EMBRYOTHL  IS  I'  A,     Eml  .,    '  as'tes,    Em- 
bryothlas'tum,    (F.)     Embryotome,    from    tp^vov, 

'the  embryo.'  and  9Xaw,  '1  break.'  An  instru- 
ment for  dividing  the  fetus  piecemeal,  in  oiiler 
to  effect  delivery.  A  crotchet  or  other  instru- 
ment.  used,  in  certain  CBSes  Of  laborious  parturi- 
tion, to  break  the  bones  of  the  foetus,  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  them  with  greater  facility. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EMBRYOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

EMBR  YOTOME,  Embryotblasta. 

EMBRYOTOMY,  Embryvtom'ia,  from  tnfipnev, 
■an  embryo,'  and  reuvuv,  'to  cut.'  A  division  of 
the  foetus  into  fragments,  to  extract  it  by  piece- 
meal, when  the  narrowness  of  the  pelvis  or  other 
faulty  conformation  opposes  delivery. 

EMBRYOT'ROPHY,  Embryotropk'ia,  from 
tn&pvsv,  'the  embryo.'  and  rpoipn,  'nourishment.' 
Foetal  nutrition;   Cyot'rophy. 

EMBRYUL'CIA,  EmbryustervVeia,  from  f/J- 
fifjvoi,  'embryo,  foetus,'  and  cAkuj,  'I  extract.'  'I 
draw.'  A  surgical  operation,  by  which  the  foetus 
is  extracted  by  means  of  appropriate  instruments, 
when  faulty  conformation  or  other  circumstances 
prevent  delivery  by  the  natural  efforts. 

EMBRYUL'Cl  S,  Elcus'ter,  same  etymon.  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet,  described  by  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapendente,  which  was  used  to  extract  the 
foetns  in  some  cases  of  laborious  labour. 

EMBRYUSTERULCIA,  Embryuleia, 

EM  EX  DANS.  Corrigent. 

E~MERAUDE,  Smaragdus. 

EMERODS,  Hsemorrhois. 

EM  ESI  A.  Vomiturition. 

EM  BSIS,  Vomiting. 

EMETATROPH'IA,  from  spm,  <I  vomit,'  and 
arpo(j)ia,  'want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  induced 
by  vomiting. 

EMETIA,  Emetine. 

EMET'IC,  Emet'icum,  Vomito'rium,  Vom'  itnry, 
Vomit,  Puke,  (Prov.)  Pick,  from  cfitu),  'I  vomit.' 
A  substance  capable  of  producing  vomiting.  (E.) 
EmStique.  [This  term  is  also  restricted  by  the 
French  to  tartarized  antimony  —  the  emetic,  as  it 
were,  par  excellence.]      Vomitif. 

Tartarized  antimony,  emetine,  ipecacuanha, 
and  sulphate  of  zinc,  are  the  chief  emetics. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  disease,  and  may 
either  act  primarily  on  the  stomach,  or  seconda- 
rily on  other  parts  of  the  system. — the  sym- 
pathy between  the  stomach  and  other  pi  its  of 
the  body  being  very  extensive,  and  an  impor- 
tant object  of  study. 

The  following  are  the  usual  emetics: — Anti- 
monii  et  Potassse  Tartras;  CupriAcetas;  Cupri 
Sulphas;  Emetina  :  Gillenia;  Hydra  rgyri  Sul- 
phas Elavus;  Ipecacuanha:  Lobelia;  Sanguina- 
ria  :    Scilla  :    Sinapis,  and  Zinci  Sulpha-. 

Emeth  Root,  Euphorbia  eorollata — e.  Tartar, 
Antimonium  tartarisatnm — e.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

EMETICOLOGTA,  Emetology. 

EM'ETINE.  Emeti'na,  Emct'iu,  Y„m' itinr,  Ce~ 
phailinum.  A  vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by 
M.  Pelb  tier  in  ipecacuanha,  and  to  which  it  owes 
i  tic  power.  [|  is  obtained  from  different 
ipecacuanhas,  but  chiefly  from  psychot'ria 
iea,  callieoc'ca  ipecacuan'ka,  and  pi'ola  tmet'iea. 
It   is  in  transparent  seales,  of  a  reddish-brown 

colour,    almost     inodorous    of    a    bitter,    slightly 

iste;  is  unchangeable  in  the  air  soluble  in 
water  and  alcohol,  and  insoluble  in  ether.  Three 
grains  of  impure  emetia  or  one  grain  nt  pure  are 
equal  to  18  of  ipecacuanha.     See  Ipecacuanha. 

B  HETIQUE,  Antimonium  tartarizutum, 
Emetic. 

EMl':TISi:n    (F.).       To    oause    vomiting    by 


EMETO-CATHARSIS 


3  0 


EMPHYMA 


emetics.  In  French  pharmacy,  it  is,  likewise, 
used  to  signify  the  addition  of  emetine  —  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa — to  a  medicinal  pre- 
paration. 

EMETO-CATHARSIS,  see  Emeto-cathartic. 
EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,     Em'eto-cathar'ticus, 
from  efiCTos,  'vomiting,'  and  KaSaprucos,  'a  purga- 
tive.'    A  remedy,  which  at  the  same  time  excites 
vomiting  and  purging — Em'eto-cathar'sis. 

EMETOL'OGY,  Emetolog"ia,  Emeticolog"ia, 
from  £ju£toj,  'vomiting,'  and  Aoyo?,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  vomiting,  and  on  emetics. 

EM'IXEXCE,  Eminen'tia,  Protuberan'tia,  Ex'- 
oche,  Exanthe'ma.  A  projection  at  the  surface 
of  a  healthy  or  diseased  organ. 

EMINENCE  PORTE  ANTERIEURE,  Lo- 
bulus  anonymus  —  e.  Porte  posterieure,  Lobulus 
Spigelii — e.  Sua-pubienne,  Mons  veneris. 

EMINENCES  BIGEMINEES,  Quadrigemi- 
na corpora  —  e.  Laterales,  Corpora  olivaria  —  £■ 
Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia —  e.  Vermi- 
formes  dit  cervelet,  Vermiformes  processus. 

EMIXEXTIA,  Protuberantia  — e.  Annularis, 
Pons  varolii — e.  Pyramidalis,  Crista  vestibuli — e. 
Thyreoidea.PomuuaAdami — e.  Tympani, Pyramid. 
EMINENTLY  BrGEMINiE,  Quadrigemina 
tubercula — e.  Candicantes,  Mammillary  Tubercles 
—  e.  Lenticulares,  Corpora  striata — e.  Magnse 
cerebri,  Thalami  nervorum  opticorum  —  e.  Medi- 
anae  Internal,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e.  Olivares, 
Corpora  olivaria — e.  Ovales  Laterales,  Corpora  oli- 
varia— e.  Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e. 
QuadrigemiD.se,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — e.  Te- 
retes,  Processus  teretes. 

E  MISS  AIRE,  Emunctory, 
EMISSA'RIA  SANTORFNI,  (F.)  Emissaires 
de  Santorini.  A  name  given  to  some  small  veins, 
which  communicate  with  the  sinuses  of  the  dura 
mater,  by  apertures  in  the  cranium.  Such  are  the 
parietal,  posterior  condyloid,  mastoid  veins,  &c. 

EMISSIO,  Emission  —  e.  Seminis,  Sperma- 
tismus. 

EMIS'SION,  Emis'sio,  from  emittere,  (e,  and 
mittere,  missxim,)  'to  send  out,'  'drive  out.'  The 
act  by  which  any  matter  whatever  is  thrown  from 
the  body.  Thus,  we  say  Emission  of  urine,  Emis- 
sion of  semen,  &c. 

EMISSION  SANGUINE,  Bloodletting. 
EMMEX'AGOGUES,  Emmenago'ga,  Emmeni- 
ago'ga,  Ame'nia,  from  tnnnva,  'the  menses,'  and 
ayo),  'I  drive.'  or  'expel.'  Men'agogues.  A  name 
given  to  medicines  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
favouring  the  discharge  of  the  menses.  There 
is  probably  no  substance  which  possesses  this 
power  directly.  According  to  different  condi- 
tions of  the  system,  the  most  opposite  reme- 
dies may  act  as  emmenagogues.  Black  helle- 
bore, savin,  madder,  poli/gala  senega,  and  ergot, 
are  reputed  to  be  specific  emmenagogues.  The 
following  list  comprises  the  chief  of  them:  — 
Cunila  Pulegioides;  Helleborus  Niger;  Mentha 
Pulegium;  Rosmarinus;  Rubia;  Sabina;  Secale 
Corn u turn  ;  Senega,  and  Tanacetum. 

EMMEXTAG0L0G"IA,  from  tppvvayutya,  and 
\oyos,  'discourse.'     A  treatise  of  emmenagogues. 
EMMEXIA,  Menses. 
EMMEXIAGOGA,  Emmenagogues. 
EMMENOLOG"IA,from  cnunva,  'menses,'  and 
Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  menstruation. 
EMMEXOLOG"ICAL,  Emmenolog"icus:  same 
etymon  as  the  last.     Relating  or  appertaining  to 
menstruation. 

EMMYXIUM  ARTICULARE,  Hydrarthus. 

EMOLLIEXTTA,  Emollients. 

EMOL'LIEXTS,     EmolUen'tia,    Malthac'tica, 

Melaxan'tia,     Epiceras'tica,     Malac'tica,     Lubri- 

can'tia,    Afatacopae'a,   Mollien'tin,   from    emollire, 

Ce,  and  vwllire,  '  to  soften.')     Substances  which 


relax  and  soften  parts  that  are  inflamed,  or  too 
tense.  They  are  used  both  internally  and  exter- 
nally :  as  the  former,  however,  consist  of  muci- 
laginous substances,  they  are  generally  reckoned 
as  demulcents  :  the  latter,  or  proper  emollients, 
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomentations,  <fce. 
Oleaginous  bodies,  rubbed  on  a  part,  act  by  di- 
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations,  in  cases 
of  internal  inflammation,  act  probably  through 
contiguous  sympathy.  The  following  are  the 
chief  emollients  :  —  Adeps  ;  Amygdalae  Oleum  ; 
Avenae  Farina;  Cera:  Cetaceum  ;  Linum  :  Olivse 
Oleum:  Sesamum;  Tritici  Farina,  and  Ulmas. 

EMOLLITIES.  Mollities— e.  Morbus,  Molli*. 
ties — e.  Ossium,  Mollities  ossium — e.  Uteri  Mor- 
bosa,  Hysteromalacia. 

EMOLLITIO,  Mollities— e.  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia. 

EMONCTOIRE,  Emunctory. 
EMOPTOE,  Haemoptysis. 
EMOTIO,  Delirium,  Luxation,  Passion. 
EMO'TIOXAL,  from  emotio,   (e,    'from.'  and 
moveo,  motum,1  to  move.')     Relating  to  emotion 
or  passion  independently  of  the  will: — hence  an 
'emotional  or  instinctive  impulse.' 
EMPASMA,  Cataplasma. 

EMPATEMENT,  from  empdter,  'to  render 
pasty  or  doughy,'  A  non-inflammatory  engorge- 
ment, which  retains,  more  or  less,  the  impression 
of  the  finger. 

EMPATHE'MA,    Ma'nia    a   pathe'mate,    (F.) 
Manie  sans  deli re  ;  ungovernable  passion  ;  from 
£/i,  'in,'  and  raSog,  'suffering.'     Fixed  delusion. 
EMPEIRIA,  Experience. 
EMPETRUM,  Herniaria  glabra. 
EM'PHLYSIS,   from   ep,   'in,'   and  $\vms,  'a 
vesicular  tumour  or  eruption  ;'  Ich'orous  Exan'- 
them.     An    eruption  of  vesicular    pimples,  filled 
progressively  with    an    acrid   and  colourless,  or 
nearly  colourless,  fluid;  terminating  in  scurf  or 
laminated  scabs.     A  genus  in  the  order  Exanthe- 
matica,  class  Hcematiea  of  Good. 

Emphlysis  Aphtha,  Aphthae,  Stomatitis,  aph- 
thous—  e.  Erysipelas,  Erysipelas  —  e.    Miliaria, 
Miliary    fever  —  e.  Pemphigus,    Pemphigus  —  e. 
Vaccina  inserta,  Vaccina — e.  Varicella;  Varicella. 
EMPHRACTIC,  Emphracticus. 
EMPHRACTICA,  Phvseonia. 
EMPHRACTICUS,  Emphrac'tic,  from  e^par- 
no,   (tfi,  and  (pparrw,  'I  shut  up,')    'I  close,'  'I 
obstruct.'      Emplas'ticns,     Emplattom'enos.      Any 
substance  which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  was 
presumed  to  close  the  pores. 

EMPHRAG'MA,  same  etymon.  Obturamen'- 
tum,  Impediment' turn.  Anything  that  obstructs. 
Hippocrates  uses  this  term  to  designate  the  ob- 
stacle to  delivery  on  the  part  of  the  foetus,  when 
the  presentation  is  preternatural. 

Emphragma  Lacrymale,  Fistula  lacryma- 
lis — e.  Salivare,  Ranula. 

EMPHRAX'IS,  Obstrnc'tio,  Obturo'tio,  Oppi- 
la'tio,  Infarc'tus,  In/arc'tio,  Farctns,  Fartus,  In- 
farc'tion.  Same  etymon.  '  Obstruction.'  An 
Embarras  or  repletion  of  canals  or  cavities  by 
any  substance,  which  is  either  morbid  from  quan- 
tity or  quality. 

EirPHRAXis  Hepatts,  Hepatemphraxis. 
EMPHYMA,  Tumour  —  e.  Encystis,  Encystia 
—  e.  Encystis  atheroma,  Atheroma  —  e.  Encystia 
ganglion,  Ganglion,  Testudo  —  e.  Encystis  rueli- 
ceris,  Meliceris  —  e.  Encystis  steatoma,  Stentoma 
— e.  Exostosis  ossea,  Exostosis — e.  Exostosis  pe- 
riostea, Node — e.  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
adiposum,  Adipose  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  cellulo- 
sum,  Cystic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  mammarum, 
Mammary  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  pancreaticum, 
Pancreatic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  scirrhosum, 
Scirrhous   sarcoma  —  e.    Sarcoma  tuberculosum, 


EMPHYSEMA 


331 


E  M  P  L  A  S  T  R  U  M 


Tuberculate    sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  vasculosum, 
Sarcoma,  vascular. 

EMPHYSE'MA,  from  tynpvauu>.  (tv.  and  #txxaw, 
'I  blow,')  *  I  inflate.'  Infla'tio,  Empnewnato'eie, 
Sarei'tet  flatuo'tut,    Empkyte'ma    oeUmla 

pn<  iiiimhi' sit,  I'lii/snu'iiis,  Tumor  jlatuh  n'tiis, 
Pueumato'tit,  Infla'tion,  Wind-dropsy,  (V.)  Km- 
ethymie. — Piorry.  This  term  is  com- 
monly applied  to  any  white,  crepitant,  shining, 
.  indolent  tumour  of  the  integuments, 
eau-ed  by  the  introduction  of  air  into  the  areolar 
texture,  Aerodermecta'tia.  Injuries  of  the  larynx, 
trachea,  or  lunga  :  fractures  of  the  ribs,  or  wounds 
penetrating  the  chest,  are  the  most  frequent 
of  this  affection,  which  is  owing  to  the  air 
escaping  from  the  air-passages,  and  insinuating 
into  the  areolar  texture  surrounding  the 
wound.  There  are  <>u\f  cases  of  emphysema, 
Which  are  owing  to  internal  causes;  and  hence  a 
division  has  been  made  into  the  accidental  and 
symptomatic,  and  the  tpontaneout  and  idiopathic. 
Emphysema  Abdominis.  Tympanites. 
Empiivsk'ma  of  THE  LuMGS,  E.  Pulmo'num, 
Asthma  <iiii  urn  ab  Emphyte'mati  Pulmo'num, 
Pneumato'sis  Pulmo'num,  Ptn  umonee'tatit,  Pneu- 
fftec' taeis,  (F.)  Pneumo'e<taxie,  Emj/hyxtme  dn 
Poumon.  A  considerable  pressure  or  contusion 
of  the  chest,  or  any  violent  concussion  of  the 
long,  may  produce  a  laceration  in  that  viscus, 
without  injury  being  done  to  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax,  and  may  give  place  to  the  infiltration  of 
air  into  the  areolar  texture,  interlob'ular  emphy- 
Laennec  has  described  another  species  of 
emphysema  of  the  lungs,  Vesic'uUtr  emphysema, 
Jjropneumonasie,  A6ropneumonectatie  of  Piorry, 
Consisting  in  excessive  dilatation  of  the  air-cells, 
gome  of  which  become  as  large  as  hemp-seed,  ul- 
timately break,  and  give  rise  to  irregular  vesicles 
at  the  surface  of  the  lung,  some  of  which  are  as 
large  as  a  hazel-nut.  Physical  signs.  The  tho- 
rax externally,  generally  or  locally,  appears  un- 
naturally convex  and  prominent.  The  intercos- 
tal spaces  are  widened,  but  depressed.  The 
inspiratory  efforts  are  increased.  The  sound* on 
percussion  is  morbidly  clear,  but  not  tympanitic. 
On  auscultation,  the  inspiratory  murmur  is  feeble 
or  suppressed.  The  expiration,  which  is  more 
frequently  audible,  is  prolonged,  laborious  and 
wheezing.  There  are  no  certain  physical  signs 
which  can  distinguish  interlobular  emjjhysema. 
from  the  vesicular. 

Emphysema  under  the  pleuro-pulmonalis  is 
termed,  by  Piorry,  Airethmopneumonie. 

Emphysema  Pectoris,  Pneumothorax  —  e. 
Scroti,  Physocele — e.  Tympanites,  Tympanites — 
c.  Uteri,  Elysteropbysis,  Physometra. 

KM  PHYSEM'ATOUS,  Emphytemaio'iuej  same 
etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  emphysema, 
EMPHYSEME,  Emphysema — e.  du  Pommom, 
Emphysema  of  the  lungs. 

EMPHYTUM    THi; KM  I'M,  Biolychnium. 
BtfP'IRIC)  Empi'ricus,  from  tpirttpia,  (tv,  and 
rcip'i,   'a  trial,')  'experience.'     One   who  follows 
only  experience.     A  sect  of  physicians,  who  re- 
i  all  theory,  and   took   for  their  guiile  expe- 
alone.     It  was    opposed  to  the  dogmatic 
The   Empiric  sect    prevailed  till   near  the 
time  of  Galen.     Among  its  most  eminent  mem- 
bers,  after  Philinus  and  Serapion,  were  Apollo- 
nius,  Olaucias,  Bacchius  of  Tanagra,  and  Zeuxis, 
both  disciples  of  Heropbilus, — Heraolides  of  Ta- 
rentum,  Cleophantus,  master  of  Asclepiades,  Me> 
nodotui  of  Nicomedia,  and  Theudas  of  Laodioea, 
They  occupied  themselves,  chiefly,  with  discover- 
ing  the   properties   of    drugs,   and   did   important 
service,  in  this  manner,  to  medicine. 

At  the  present  day.  the  word  Empiric  is  only 
in  a  bad  Bense,  being  employed  in  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  charlatan  or  quark. 


EMPIRTCE,  Empiricism. 
EMPIR'ICISII :  same  etymon.  Empi'riea  Am, 
Empi'riei,  (F.)  Bmpiritme.     Medicine  founded 
on  experience.     It  generally,  at  the  present  day, 
signifies  quackery. 

EMPIRISME,  Empiricism. 
KM  PLAS'TICUS.     Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Also,  a  remedy  which  adheres,  as  a  plaster,  to  the 
surface,  and    in    this    manner  may  obstruct  the 
pores:  an  emphractic. 

EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC,  Endermic. 
EMPLAS'TRUM,  from  the  (Jreck  efin\aaau). 
(tv,  and  i:\aaativ,  'to  form,')  'I  spread  upon.' 
(F.)  Empldtre,  Stearate.  A  solid  and  tenacious 
compound,  adhesive  at  the  ordinary  heat  of  the 
human  body.  Some  of  the  plasters  ewe  their 
consistence  to  wax  and  resin  ;  and  other.-  to  the 
chemical  union  which  takes  place  between  the 
semivitreous  oxide  of  lead  and  oil.  Most  of 
them  become  too  consistent  by  age.  When  such 
is  the  case,  they  may  be  remelted  by  a  gentle 
heat,  and  oil  be  added  to  them. 

Emplastrum  Adh^siyum,  Emplastrum  resinaa 
—  e.  Adhaesivum  Woodstockii,  see  Bparadrapum 
AdhSBSivum  —  e.  Alexandri,  Alexandrine  —  e.  de 
Althaea,  Unguentum  de  Althaea. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci,  Ammom'aeitm  Plot- 
ter, (Ammoniac,  pur.  £v,  acidi  acttici  dil.  OsS. 
Dissolve  the  ammoniac  in  the  vinegar  and  strain  : 
then  evaporate  the  solution  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  stirring  constantly  until  it  acquires  a  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  discu- 
tient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci  cum  Hydrar'gyro, 
Ammoniacum  plaster  with  mercury  (Atnmoniaci 
Ibj,  hydrarg.  ^iij,  old  oliv.  fgj,  sulphur,  gr.  viij. 
Rub  the  mercury  with  the  oil  until  the  globules 
disappear,  then  add  the  ammoniac,  previously 
melted,  and  mix.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Emplastrum  Andrew  he  Cruce,  E.  de  pice  et 
resinis  glutinans — e.  Anglicum,  see  Sparadrapunt 
adhaesivum. 

Emplastrum  Aromat'icum,  Aromat'ic  Plaster. 
(  Thuri 't  5ilj,  cercB  flavaz  §88,  pni  v.  cort.  cinnam. 
Zvj,  oL  ess.  Pimcnt.,  ol.  ess.  Limon.  aa  ,^ij.  Melt 
the  frankincense  and  wax  together,  and  strain  ; 
then  add,  as  it  cools,  the  cinnamon,  previously 
nibbed  with  the  oils,  and  form  a  plaster.  Ph. 
Dull.)     Used  as  a  stimulating  plaster. 

A  spice  plaster,  made  by  incorporating  pow- 
dered cinnamon  and  any  other  spices  with  melted 
suet,  has  been  used  in  cholera  infantum.  It  is 
spread  on  leather  or  linen,  and  is  renewed  twice 
in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Emplastrum  Assafce'tid^,  E.  emtihyster'icum, 
Assafivtida  plaster,  (Emp.  plumb.,  Attn  fat.,  sing. 
tlij,  (iiil/ian.,  Geres  flavm,  aa  Ibss,  Alcohol.  (Hint. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  assafostide  and  galbannm  in 
the  alcohol,  in  a  water-bath,  strain  while  hot.  and 
evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey  :  add  the 
lead  plaster  and  wax  previously  melted  together, 
stir  the  mixture  well,  and  evaporate  to  the  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  anodyne  plaster. 

Emplastri m  Attrauexs,  E.  cerac — e.  Auricu- 
lare,  Hypotium. 

Emplastrum  Bella  no  n'n.e.  Platter  of  Bella- 
don' no.  (Empt,  resin,  jjilj,  Ext.  Belladon.  3iss. 
Add  the  extract  to  the  plaster,  previously  melted 
in  a  water-bath,  and  mix. —  /'//.  JJ.  8.)  At  ano- 
dyne application  in  neuralgia  and  rheumai i.-m. 

Emplastrum  Calbpa'oibns,  E.  Pieit  cum  ran. 

■  thar'ide,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Oalefa'eient  platter,  Warm 
p/axtir,  (P.)  Empldtre  ichauffatit.  (Cerat.  can- 
tharid  j  Ph.  V.  8.),  Ibss,  Pidt  abiet.  roiijse.   Melt 

together,  and  form    into  a  plaster.     J'h.    U.  S.) 
It  is  rubefacient  and  stimulant. 
Emplastrum  Cantuaridis,  E.  lyttao —  e.  Can- 


EMPLASTRUM 


332 


EMPLASTRUM 


tharidis  vesicatorii  compositura,  E.  lyttae  comp. 
— e.  Oephalioam,  E.  picis  comp. 

Emplastrum  Cerae,  E.  simplex,  E.  At'trahens, 
]]'<i.r  plaster,  {Cerae  flava,  Sevi  Prap.  aa  Ibiij, 
resina  flara  ft>j.  Melt  theui  together  and  strain. 
Ph.  L.)  It  has  been  considered  drawing.  It  is 
stimulating. 

Emplastrum  Cicu'tje,  E.  de  Cicu'td  seu  coni'i 
maenla'ti,  Unguen'tum  snl'idum  de  cicu'td.  Hem- 
lock plaster,  (F.)  Empldtre  de  Cigue.  (Resina 
ahiet.  960  p.  Cera  flav,  640  p.  Picis  alba,  448  p. 
OL  cicutce  per  decoct,  praeparat.  128  p.  Fol  cicut. 
recent.  2000  p.  Melt  the  resins,  wax  and  oil ; 
add  the  cicuta  leaves,  and  boil;  strain  and  add. 
after  having  dissolved  it  in  vinegar  of  squills  and 
cicuta  juice,  gum  ammoniac.  500  p.  Ph.  Par.) 
It  is  used  as  a  discutient,  especially  to  scirrhous 
tumours. 

Emplastrum  Citrlnum,  Unguentum  de  althaea 
— e.  Commune,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Commune  cum  re- 
sina. E.  resinae — e.  Conii,  E.  cicutae. 

Emplastrum  Cumi'ni,  Cummin  plaster.  (Cumin, 
semin.,  carui  sem.,  lauri  bacc.  sing.  ^iij.  picis 
aridce  ibiij,  cerce  flava  ^iij.  Melt  the  pitch  and 
wax  together,  then  add  the  other  ingredients. 
Ph.  L.)     It  is  used  as  a  warm  discutient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Diachylon,  Diachylon,  E.  plumbi 
— e.  Divinum  Nicolai,  see  Magnet — e.  Emolliens, 
Unguentum  de  althaea — e.  Epispasticum,  E.  lyttae. 

Emplastrum  Ferri,  E.  rob'orans,  Iron  Plaster, 
Strength' ening  Plaster.  [Ferri  subcarb.  ^iij,  Emp. 
plumbi,  ibij,  Picis  abietis,  ftbss.  Add  the  sub- 
carbonate  of  iron  to  the  lead  plaster  and  Bur- 
gundy pitch  previously  melted  together,  and  stir 
constantly  until  they  thicken  upon  cooling. — Ph. 
U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Ferri  Rubri,  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubri 
— e.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  althaea — e.  ad  Fon- 
ticulos,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Emplastrum  Gal'baxi,  Galb'anum  plaster, 
(Empl.  litharg.  Ibij,  gum.  galban.  Ibss.  cera  flava 
%iv.  Melt  the  galbanum  before  adding  the  plas- 
ter and  wax,  then  melt  all  together.  Ph.  D.)  A 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani  Compos'itum.  E.  li- 
thar'gyri  compos'itum,  Diach'ylon  magnum  cum 
gntnmi,  Compound  galbanum  plaster.  (Galb.^vuj, 
Emp.  plumbi,  Ibiij,  tereb.  vulg.  ^x,  abietis  resin. 
contus.  ^iij.  Melt  the  galbanum  and  turpentine 
together,  then  mix  in  the  resin,  and  afterwards 
the  plaster,  previously  melted.  Ph.  U.S.)  It  is 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Glutinosum,  see  Sparadrapum 
sdhsesivum — e.  cum  Gummatibus,  E.  gummosum. 

Emplastrum  Gummo'sum",  Emplastrum  lithar'- 
gyri  cum  gummi  seu  cum  gummat'ibus  seu  e  gum- 
vutt'ibus  rcsino'sis  seu  Ox'ydi  Plumbi  semivit'rei 
gumma' sum,  (htm  plaster,  Diachylon  cum  gummi, 
Yellow  or  gum  diach'ylon.  (Emp.  plumbi  p.  viii, 
ammoniac  galbani,  cerce  flava,  aa,  p.  i.  Ph.  E.) 
Properties  and  uses  like  the  last. 

Emplastrum  e  Gummatibus  Resinosis,  E. 
gummosum. 

Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Resi'xis,  (F.)  Em- 
pldtre de  gomme  resine.  Diachylon  gomme,  Plas- 
ter of  gum  resins.  (Emplastr.  simpl.  p.  1600, 
vera  flora,  p.  96,  picis  alba,  p.  96,  terebinth,  p. 
96.  Melt  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  gum  ammo- 
niac, p.  32,  bdellium,  32,  galban.  32,  and  sagape- 
tinm,  p.  32.  Dissolve  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
alcohol,  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey, 
and  mix  carefully  all  together.  Ph.  P.)  A  dis- 
cutient. 

Emplastrum  Hydrar'gyri,  Emplastr.  lithar'- 
gi/ri  cum  hydrar'gyro,  3fercu.'.rial  plaster.  (B7y- 
drarg.  ,^vj,  ol.  oliv.,  resin,  aa  ^ij,  emplast.  plumbi, 
Ibj.  Melt  the  oil  and  resin  together,  and  when 
cool  rub  the  mercury  with  them  till  the  globules 
disappear;  then  gradually  add  the  lead  plaster, 


I  previously  melted,  and  mix  all.  Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is 
stimulant,  resolvent,  and  discutient.     Applied  as 
a  discutient  to  venereal  and  other  tumours. 
Emplastrum   Hydrar'gyri  Compos'itum,  E. 

de  hydrar'gyro  compos'itum  seu  de  Vigo  cum  mer- 
en'rio  em  en  da' turn,  Compound  plaster  of  mer'cury. 
(Empl.  simpl.  p.  1250,  cerce  flavce,  p.  64,  resina, 
p.  64.  Melt,  and  before  it  congeals  add  pule.  g. 
ammoniac,  p.  20,  bdellium,  p.  20,  oliban.  p.  20, 
myrrh,  p.  20,  saffron,  p.  12.  Mix  carefully, 
Take  of  mercury,  p.  3S0,  pure  turpentine,  p.  64, 
liquid  and  pure  storax,  p.  192.  Triturate  in  an 
iron  mortar  till  the  globules  disappear :  melt  all 
together,  and  before  congealing  add  essential  oil 
of  Lavender,  p.  8.  Phar.  P.)  The  same  pro- 
perties as  the  last. 

Emplastrum  Ichthyocoll^e  tel.e  inductum, 
see  Sparadrapum  adhaesivum  —  e.  Irritans.  E. 
lyttae — e.  Lithargyri,  E.  Plumbi  —  e.  Lithargyri 
compositum,  E.  galbani  compositum  —  e.  Lithar- 
gyri cum  gummi,  E.  gummosum  —  e.  Lithargyri 
cum  hydrargyro,  E.  hydrargyri  —  e.  Lithargyri 
cum  resina,  E.  resinae  —  e.  Lithargyricum  cum 
resina  pini,  E.  resinae. 

Emplastrum  Lyttae,  E.  canthar'idis  sen  can- 
tharidis  vesicato'rii  seu  mel'oes  vesicatorii,  E.  vest- 
catorium,E.  epispas'ticum  seu  e  cantharid' ibus  epis~ 
pas'ticum  solid'iuset  tena'cius  hcerens  seu  irri'tans 
seu  rubefl'ans,  Plaster  of  the  Spanish  or  blistering 
fly,  Blistering  Plaster,  Fly  Plaster.  (Cantharidcs, 
in  powder,  Ibj,  Emp.  cera  tbiss,  adipis.  jircpp.  Ibj. 
Melt  the  plaster  and  lard  together,  and  as  the 
mixture  becomes  thick,  on  cooling,  sprinkle  in 
the  flies,  and  mix.  Pharm.L.)  This  is  the  com- 
mon blistering  plaster.  Too  much  heat  must  not 
be  used  in  its  preparation.  It  requires  to  remain 
on  six  or  eight  hours  before  its  full  effect  is  in- 
duced, and  it  acts  sufficiently  well,  provided  even 
a  piece  of  thin  gauze  or  tissue  paper  be  placed 
between  it  and  the  skin,  whilst  absorption  of  the 
flies  is  thus  prevented.  See  Blister.  The  Blis- 
tering Plaster  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  Cera' turn  Canthar'idis,  is  made  as  follows: 
—  Cantharid.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.,  Ibj,  cerce  flavce, 
resina,  aa  t^vij,  adipis,  t^x.  To  the  wax,  resin, 
and  lard,  previously  melted,  add  the  Spanish 
flies,  and  stir  the  mixture  constantly  until  cool. 

Emplastrum  Lyttae  Compos'itum,  E.  can- 
thar'idis vesicato'rii  compos'itum  seu  mel'oes  vesi- 
cato'rii compos'itum,  Compound  plaster  of  can- 
thar'ictes  or  Spa)tish  flies.  (Pesin.  liq.pini  laricis. 
p.  18.  resina  concret.  pini  abietis,  meloes  vesicat. 
aa  p.  12,  cera  flava,  p.  4,  subacet.  cupri,  p.  \]f 
scmin.  sinapis  alb.,  f met.  pip.  nigr.  aa  p.  j.  Melt 
the  pitch  and  wax,  then  add  the  turpentine,  and 
as  these  cool  sprinkle  in  the  other  substances,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  so  as  to  make  a  plaster. 
Ph.  E.)  The  same  properties  as  the  last,  but 
more  energetic  and  speedy  in  its  action. 

Emplastrum  Meloes  Vesicatorii,  E.  lyttae  — 
e.  Meloes  vesicatorii  comp.,  E.  lyttae  comp.  —  e. 
Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum  de  althaea  —  e.  Ni- 
grum of  Augsburg,  see  Magnet. 

Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se,  E.  ex  ox'ido 
plumbi  rubro  campho'ratum.  Empldtre  de  Xurem-, 
berg,  Nuremberg  plaster.  (Oxid.  plumb,  rubr.  p. 
300,  ol.  oliv.  p.  600,  aquce,  q.  s.  Boil  until  the 
oxide  is  dissolved,  and  almost  to  dryness.  Re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire  and  add  yellow  icax, 
p.  500.  Put  the  vessel  again  on  the  fire,  and 
after  the  wax  is  melted,  add,  before  it  congeals, 
camphor,  .-p.  24:  mix.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  considered 
a  desiccative,  and  has  been  employed  in  gan- 
grene. 

Emplastrum  Nygmaticum,  E.  resinae. 

Emplastrum  Opii,  O'pium  Plaster.  (Opii  in 
pulv.  ^ij,  Picis  abiet.  t^iij  ;  emplastr.  plumbi  ft>j, 
aq.  bullient.  f.^iv.  Melt  together  the  lead  plaster 
and  Burgundy  pitch;  then  add  the  opium  pre- 


EMPLASTRUM 


3  3  3 


EMPVEM A 


viously  mixed  with    the  water,  an  1  boil 
gentle  :  —Ph.  I '.  S. 

It  is  employed  as  aa  anodyne,  and  to  give  .-up- 
port. 

m  Ox'idi  Fbbri    Rvbri,  /.'. 
ruhri  sea  Rob' orane,  Plat  .,;,!.  of  iron, 

■■.'<  ning  Plaster.    (Empl.  oxid.  plumb,  aemi- 
•  iF.  pin.   p.  vi,  a 
rop.  sing.   p.  iij.  oxidi  ferri  rubr.  p.  viij. 
Rub  the  red  oxide  of  iron  with   the  oil,  ami  add 
the  other  ingredients  melted.      /'/,.   E.)      It  is 
a  strengthening  plaster. 

EMPLASTRUM    KX     OxiDO     PLUMBI    SKMIVITRKO, 

ii  plumbi  aemivitrei,  E.  plambi 

—  B.  <  >xidi  plumbi  seuiivitrei  gnmmosam,  E.  gum- 

— e.  Pboeniceam,  Diapalma  —  e.  ex  Oxido 
plumbi    ruhro    compositum,    E.    Norimb 

—  e.  Picis,   E.  Picia  Burgundica1,  E.  Picis  coin- 

in. 

Bm PL A STRUM  PlCI8  BuROUK'DICSS,  A'.  Picis, 
Burgundy  Pitch  or  Pitch  Plotter,  (Picia  liur- 
guii'i.  Bbvj,  <■<  i(F  jI'ivce,  tbss. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Pici8  Compos'itum,  /,'.  picia  ce- 

Compound   pitch 

plotter.       (Picia    arid.    Ibij,    abietia    reeinot    fbj, 

reaincB  flaw,  rrrce  flava,  aa  §iv,  myriat.  oL  t^j. 

ol.  oliv.,  aqua,  aa  t'^ij.      To  the  pitch,  resin,  anil 

wax,  melted  together,  add  the  other  matters  and 

mix.     Ph.  L.)     It  is  stimulant  and  rubefacient. 

Bed  in  headach, — applied  to  the  tem- 

•epilatory. 

Emplastrum  Picia  cum  Cahtharide,  E.  Ca- 

Ufaciens. 

Emplastrum    dk    Pick    et    Rksi'.vis    Glu'tt- 

BAH8,  de  Cruce,  Empldtre  d' Andre"  de 

'-,  ou  collant  de  poix  et  de  rceinea,  Adke- 

aive  plaster  of  pitch  and  renins.     (Picia  alba,  p. 

32,   terebinth,  pur.  p.  16,  ol. 

Innr.  p.  16.      .Melt  with   a  gentle   heat,   and  pass 

i  linen.     Ph.  P.)     Used  in  contusions  and 

fractures  a-  a  support. 

istrum   Plumbt,  E.  lythar'gyri  seu  enm- 
ach'ylum  sou  ox'idi  plumbi  - 

plumbi  aemioitreo,   Dinch'ylon 

aimplt  ■<■}(' ylon,   /.<nd  ,,r  Diach'ylon 

(Plumbi  oxid.   aemivitr.   in    pulv.   lb  v.. 

..  cong.,  n.puB  Oij.     Roil   together  over  a 

slow    fire,   stirring  constantly    until    the    oil  ami 

oxide  of  lea.l  cohere.      Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Polychrestum,  E.  resins. 

i  istrum   Potass'ii  Iod'idi,  Plotter  of  Po- 

188.  iodid.  5j,  Thuria,  3  vj  ; 

-vj.  ol.  oliv.  f^ij.     Ph.  L.)     This  plaster, 

on  leather,  is  applied  to  indolent  tumours. 

Emplastrum   Kkm'n.e,  E.  adhaai'vum  sea  li- 

1  reaino'anm  seu  nygmat'- 

exxcommn'ne  cum  resi'nd  seu  Polychree'tum 

seu  lithargyr'icum  cum  reai'na  pini ;    /.'<-/„,  Ad. 

he'aivc   <>r   Sticking  (Reain,   Ebsc 

pluud,.  tbiij.     Melt  the  plaster,  with  a  gentle  beat, 

add  the  resin,  and   mix.      Ph.  U.  S.)      Employed 

in  wounds  and  ulcers. 

-  made  by  melting 
one  pound  of  lead  plaster  and  six  drachms  of 
resin  together. 

ir,  1;.   R   .-,„;,.  _e.  r0_ 
Ph.   U.S.),  B.  OXidi    ferri   ruhri 
lyttee. 

BmPLASTBUM    SaPO'MIB,    E.  tapona'ct  »i„.    Sua), 
-  tponia  concia.  t^iv,   emplnat.  plumb. 

ip  with  the  I  ted  plasl 

insistence.     Ph.  I 
Applied  to  tumoui 
uplbx,  B.  ci  ra  --•■.  Spermatis 
■  iceL 
■  M    Tin  ims.   /',  m  '.'.'"  ■ 

Utharyyri,    Ibij,    thuri-,    B>S8,     oxid.   ferri. 


rubr.  5 iij.  Ph.  D.).  l'*e  : — the  same  as  the  plaster 
1  oxide  of  iron. 
BMP]  \m  i;i  m    Vi  sir  LTORH  ".  lytt;o 

Vigo  cum  mercurio  emendatum,  E.  by- 
drargyri  compositom. 

EMPLA  TEE,  Emplastrum— «.  (TAndrA 
("mix,  Emplastrum  de  pioe  etresinis  glutinans — 

(.  d>  Cigni,  Emplastrum  cieutSB  — e.  Collant  de 
poix  et  d>  rfeinee,  Emplastrum  de  pies  et  resin ia 
glutinans — e.  de  Qomme  reeine,  Emplastrum  cum 
gnmmi-resinia — e.  de  Nuremberg,  Emplastrum 
Norimberg<  1 

EMPLATTOMENOS,  Emphracticus. 

EM PN EUMATOS I S,  Emphysema,  Inspira- 
tion. 

EMPOISONNEMENT,  Poisoning. 

EMPO'RIUM,  tfinopiov,  (t//,  'in,'  and  Tropevu>, 
'  I  transport  or  send.'  The  brain  was  BO  called, 
of  old.  because  there  all  the  mental  affairs  are 
transacted. 

Emporium  SprRrruuM,  Sensorium. 

EMPOSIS,  rmbibition. 

EMPREINTE,  Impression. 

EMPRESI8,  Empresma. 

EMPRES'MA,  Emprea'tnua,  Empre'nis,  from 
c(i-pT)$io,  'future,'  t^-xprjah),  'I  burn  internally.' 
Inflammation.  Phlegma'tia  membrano'aa  et  pa- 
rynchymatof8ce,  Phlogia'tici,  Febrea  continue?  iu- 
jlammato'ria,  Inflamma'tio  inter1  no,  Cau'ma,  /»- 
tcr'ual  inflammation.  A  genus  in  the  class 
h&matica,  order  phlogotica,  of  Good. 

Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche  traohealie — 
e.  Bronchlemmitis.  Cynanche  trachealia — e.  ('ar- 
ditis,  Carditis— e.  Cephalitis,  Phrenitis — e.  Cys- 
]  titis,  Cystitis — e.  Enteritis,  Enteritis — a.  Gastri- 
tis, Gastritis — e.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis — e.  Hyster- 
itis,  Metritis — e.  Nephritis.  Nephritis — e. Orchitis, 
Hernia  humoralis  —  e.  Otitis.  Otitis  —  e.  Paristh- 
mitis,  Cynanche — e.  Paristhmitis  tonsillaris  ma- 
ligna, Cynanche  maligna — e.  Paristhmitis  pha- 
ryngea,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  e.  Paristhmitis 
tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — c.  Parotil  B,  I 
nanche  parotidssa — e.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis — e. 
Peritonitis  mesenterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Periton- 
itis omentalis,  Epiploitis — e.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis — 
e.  .Pleuritis  dinphragmatica,  Diapbraguiitia  —  0. 
Pneumonitis,  Pneumonia — e.  Splenitis,  Splenitis. 

EMPRESMUS,  Empresma, 

EM'PRION,  from  e»,  and  wpiuv,  'a  saw.'  Ser- 
rated. (Jalen  has  given  this  name  to  the  pulse, 
when  the  sensation  produced  i  .  under 

the  fingers  is  analogous  to  that  which  would  be 
caused  by  the  unequal  teeth  ofs  saw. 

EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA,  Lordosis. 

BMPROSTHOT'ONOS,  Emprwthoton'ia,  En- 
ta'aia  tet'anua  anti'cua,  Tetanua  outicua,  from 
tpnpoaStv,  'forwards,'  and  ruva,  'I  stretch,  'I 
extend.'  A  variety  of  tetanus,  in  which  tl 
is  drawn  forwards  by  the  permanent  contraction 
of  the  muscles, 

EMPSYCHO'SIS,  from  t^^oc,  (en,  and 
vfu^^,  'life.')  'I  animate.'  'I  vivify.'  A  word 
formerly  used  for  the  act  of  animating.  The  union 
of  the  soul  with  the  body. 

EMPTOE,  Haemoptj 

EMPTOICA   PASSIO,  ffsamoptysis. 

EMPTYSIS,  HsemoptysU. 

EMPTYSMA,  Sputum. 

EMPYE,  Empyema. 

EMPYE'MA,  Empye'aia,  Em'pyl,  from  rpi,  'in,' 
and  irvnv,  'pus.'  Apoate'maempye'ma.  A  eollec- 
tion  of  blood  or  {.us.  and,  conventionally  .  of  other 
fluid,  in  some  earitj  of  the  body,  and  particu- 
larly in  that  of  the  pleura.  Empyi  ma  1 
tli''  terminations  of  inflammation    ot    th.-   pleura, 

and  Is  called  also.  Pyotho'ra, Pleurorrhof'a 

purnlen'ta,  Diupye'ma,  Ecpye'ma,  I 

ten  Pyo'aie  pec'toria,  Hydroth  >'rar  puru* 
I'n'tii",  pyothorac"  icat     Pneumo'nia 


EMPYESIS 


EMULSUM 


sttppurato'ria,  Absces'sns  pec'toris  seu  Thora'cis, 
Pleuraposte'ma,  Pleuropye'sis,  (F.)  Empyeme. 
Pyopleurite. 

The  operation  for  empyema  properly  means  the 
making  of  an  opening  into  the  thorax  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  issue  to  the  matter  collected  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura,  although  it  has  been 
used  for  the  operation  required  for  the  evacuation 
of  any  fluid  from  the  chest,  or  synonymously 
with  Parencentesis  thoracis. 

EMPYE'SIS;  same  etymon.  Suppuration. 
An  eruption  of  phlegmonous  pimples,  gradually 
filling  with  a  purulent  fluid,  and  terminating  in 
thick  scabs,  frequently  leaving  pits  or  scabs. 
Pus'tulous  Exan' them.  A  genus  in  the  order  Ex- 
antkematiea,  class  Hasmatica  of  Good.  See  Em- 
pyema. 

Empyesis  Oculi,  Hypopyon — e.  Pectoris,  Em- 
pyema— e.  Variola,  Variola. 

EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia 
adiposa. 

EMPYOCE'LE,  from  e/i,  'in/  nvov,  'pus,'  and 
ktiXtj,  'tumour,'  'hernia.'  A  tumour,  formed  by 
an  accumulation  of  pus  in  the  scrotum.  Diffe- 
rent diseases  have  been  described  under  this 
name,  such  as  suppuration  of  the  testicle,  empy- 
ema of  the  tunica  vaginalis,  accumulation  of  pus 
in  the  cavity  of  a  hernial  sac,  abscesses  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  formed  in  the  cellular  texture  of  the 
scrotum,  &c. 

EMPYOM'PHALUS,  from  ep,  'in,'  ttvov,  'pus,' 
and  ofKpaXog,  'the  navel.'  This  word  has  been 
used  to  designate  a  suppurating  tumour  at  the 
umbilicus ;  or,  at  times,  umbilical  hernia,  the  sac 
of  which  is  filled  with  blood. 

EMPYOS,  Purulent. 

EMPYREU'MA,  from  tnirvpEvu,  (en,  and  irvp, 
'fire,')  'I  kindle.'  The  burnt  smell  and  acrid 
taste,  which  volatile  products — gaseous  and  liquid 
— contract,  when  animal  or  vegetable  substances 
are  decomposed  by  a  strong  heat.  The  cause 
of  this  smell  is  seated  in  an  oil,  called  empyreu- 
mat'ic,  which  does  not  exist  in  the  substance  sub- 
jected to  the  operation,  but  is  the  result  of  its 
decomposition.  If  the  empyreuma  occurs  when 
the  organic  substance  is  placed  in  a  still  with  a 
liquid,  it  is  owing  to  the  solid  matter  touching 
the  bottom  of  the  vessel  to  which  the  fire  is  ap- 
plied. 

EMPYREUMAT'IC,  Empyreumat'icus ;  same 
etymon.  Belonging  to  empyreuma, — as  an  em- 
pyreumatic  odour. 

EM'PYROS,  Febric"itans.  Same  etymon. 
One  who  has  fever. — Hippocrates. 

EMS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Celebrated 
springs  on  the  river  Lahn,  duchy  of  Nassau. 
They  are  thermal  (from  83  to  115°  Fahrenheit,) 
and  carbonated  salines,  containing  carbonic  acid, 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium  ,•  and 
are  much  used  in  gastric  and  intestinal  affec- 
tions, <fec. 

EMUL'GENT,  Emul'gens,  from  emulgere,  (e, 
and  mulgere,  muhum,)  'to  milk  out,'  'to  draw 
out.'  A  name  given  to  the  renal  artery  and  vein, 
because  the  ancients  imagined  they  milked,  as  it 
were,  the  urine  through  the  kidneys.    See  Renal. 

EMUL'SIFY,  (F.)  Emulsionner,  from  emulsio, 
and  Jio,  'to  become.'  To  make  or  form  an  emul- 
sion. 

EMULSIN,  see  Amygdalin. 

EMUL'SIO,  Emul'8um,  Emul'sion ;  same  ety- 
mon. A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  of  a  milky- 
white  opaque  appearance,  which  is  composed  of 
oil,  divided  and  held  in  suspension  in  water  by 
means  of  mucilage.  Emulsions  have  been  di- 
vided into  the  true  and  oily,  and  into  the  false 
or  not  oily  ;  the  latter  being  composed  of  resinous 


substances,  balsams,  or  camphor,  rubbed  up  with 
dilute  alcohol,  mucilage,  or  yolk  of  egg. 

Emulsio  Aca'ci^E,  E.  Arab'ica,  Gum  Ar'obic 
Emul'sion.  (Nucleor.  amygd.  comm.  §j,  aquas 
Ibijss.,  mucilag.  acac.  ^ij,  sacch.  £iv.  While 
beating  the  decorticated  almonds  with  the  sugar 
and  water,  add  the  mucilage. — Ph.  E.)  Used  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  next.  Under  the  name 
Mistu'ra  Aca'ciae,  Gum  Ar'abic  Mixture,  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  has  the  following. 
Mucilag.  Acacias,  f^iij  ,"  Amygdal.  dulc.  ^j,  and 
£ij ;  Sacchar.  £v  ;  Aqua?  Oij,  (Imper.  meas.) 
Blanch  the  almonds;  peel  them;  beat  to  a  smooth 
pulp  first  with  the  sugar,  and  then  with  the  mu- 
cilage;  add  the  water  gradually,  stirring  con- 
stantly, and  strain  through  linen  or  calico. 

Emulsio  Amyg'dal^e,  E.  Simplex,  Luc  amyg'- 
dalce,  Amygdala' turn,  Mistu'ra  amygdalas,  Emul- 
sio sive  Lac  Amygdala' rum  or  Almond  Emulsion  ; 
Mixture  or  Milk,  (F.)  Lait  d'amandes.  (Amyg- 
dal. dulc.  ^ss;  Acacias,  in  pulv.  gss ;  Sawhar. 
3Jij  ;  Aquas  destillat.  fSjviij.  Macerate  the  al- 
monds in  water,  and  having  removed  their  ex- 
ternal coat,  beat  them  with  the  gum  Arabic  and 
sugar,  in  a  marble  mortar,  till  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed;  then  rub  the  mixture  with  the  distilled 
water  gradually  added,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  a  diluent  and  demulcent. 

Emulsio  Antihysterica,  Mistura  asafoetidaa 
— e.  Arabica,  Emulsio  acaciae  Arabica?. 

Emulsio  Cam'phor^e  E.  Camphora'ta,  Mistu'ra 
Camphoras  ;  Camphor  Emulsion.  (Camphoras'^j, 
amygd,  com.  decortic,  sacch.  dur.,  aa  £iv,  aquas 
^vj. — Ph.  E.)  A  convenient  form  for  giving 
camphor. 

Emulsio  Guaiacina,  Mistura  guaiaci  —  e.  Le- 
niens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Amygdala'rum;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Almonds,  (01.  amygd.  ^j,  gum  acac.  pulv. 
gij,  syrup,  25  j,  aquas  destill.  giv.  Mix.  A  good 
pectoral  or  cough  mixture. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Ric"ini;  Castor  Oil  Emulsion 
(01.  ricini  ^ss,  vitelli  ovi  q.  s.,  aquas  destillat.  ^j.) 
An  aperient  draught. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Terebin'thix^e  ;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Tur'pentine,  (01.  tereb.  red.  ^ij,  sacch. 
alb.  ,^ss.  vitell.  ovi  j,  em  ids.  amygd.  vel  aquas  de- 
stillat. %vj.  Mix.  In  rheumatic  and  nephritic 
affections.     Dose  f^iss. 

Emulsio  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Jala'pjs  Resi'na, 
Purging  Emulsion  with  Resin  of  Jalap.  (Ja- 
lapas  resin,  gr.  xij.  sacch.  alb.  ^ij.  Triturate  for 
some  time,  and  add  gradually  half  the  yolk  of 
an  egg:  continue  to  triturate,  adding  by  degrees 
emuls.  simpl.  %v,  aq.flor.  aurant.  £ij. — Ph.  P.) 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Scammo'nio;  Purging 
Emulsion  icith  Scammony.  It  is  prepared  like 
the  preceding,  substituting  only  Scammony  for 
the  jalap. 

Emulsio  Simplex,  E.  Amygdalae. 

EMULSION,  Emulsio  — e.  Almond,  Emulsio 
amygdalae — e.  Camphor,  Emulsio  Camphorae — e. 
Castor  oil,  Emulsio  olei  ricini  —  e.  Gum  Arabic, 
Emulsio  acacia?  Arabicae  —  e.  Huileuse,  Looch  ex 
ovo — e.  of  Oil  of  Almonds,  Emulsio  olei  amvgda- 
larum — e.  of  Oil  of  Turpentine,  Emulsio  olei  tere- 
binthinaa — e.  Purging,  with  resin  of  jalap,  Emul- 
sio purgans  cum  jalap ae  resina — e.  Purging,  with 
scammony,  Emulsio  purgans  cum  scammonio. 

EMULSIONNER,  Emulsify. 

EMUL'SIVE,  Emulsi'vus  •  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  given  to  seeds  whence  oil  may  be  ex- 
tracted by  expression  ;  such  as  almonds,  apricots, 
peaches,  hemp,  rape,  melons,  gourds;  those  of 
the  nut  kind,  and  cucurbitaceous  and  cruciferous 
plants  in  general. 

EMULSUM,  Emulsion. 


EMUNCTORIUM 


335 


EPHALOHEMIE 


EMKXCTORIUM,     Einunctory— e.    Cerebri, 
HasUS. 

BMUNC'TORY,  B«Mincto'rt*iai,ffoni  ami 
(,•,    an  I    mungere,    manetum,)   'to   drain    off/   'to 
/. I  ■ii's-rn' riii in,  (Y.)   Emonctoire,    Kmia- 
\nv  organ  whose  office  it  ia  to  give  issue 
to  matters  which  ought  to  be  excreted.     The  au- 
llente  believed  that  some  organs  were  more  par- 
ticularly  destined    to   serve   as   emunctories   of 
Others;  th.- na.<al  fossse,  for  example,  they  believed 
to  be  t!i"  emanctories  of  the  brain. 
[TJND  \XTI  A.  Detergents. 
BMYS  PALUS'TRIS.  Salt    Water   Ter'rapin. 
This  Bpecies  of  turtle  is  found  exclusively  in  salt 
or  brackish  waters,  near  the  sea  sln.ro,  along  the 
whole  Atlantic  coast.     It  is  much  prised  by  the 
epicure,  and  is  nutritious  and  tolerably  easy  of 
digestion  when  dressed  plain. 
EN,  see  Em. 

LDELPHIA,  EmboUement. 
EN  .KM  \.  H.iMiiostatiea. 

EMON,  Styptic. 
EN.l'." 111'.'. MA.  from   ev,  'in,'  and   aiwptu,   'T 
lift  up,'  'that  which   bangs   or  floats  in.'     (F.) 
/  hue.     The   Neph'ele,    Nubes,    Sublimamen'- 

t  a  in,  Sitblima'tio,  Subli'mi,  Suepen'emm,  S.  f'ri'- 
iicr.  Snspen'sa,  Nubec'ula  or  cloud,  which  is  sus- 
pended in  the  urine  as  it  cools. 

FA"  \MKK,  E.  of  the  teeth,  (en,  and  (F.)  imail,) 
n  Nitor,  Cortex,  C.  atria' t a,  Substan'tia 
film, ii  nil,' 'mi  of  Malpighi,  S.  Adaman'tina  sen 
rii'riii.  Crusta  Den'tium  adaman'tina,  Adaman- 
tine or  vitreous  substance.  (F.)  Substance  vitrie 
ou  tmailUe,  Email  des  Dents.  The  substance 
which  covers  the  coronae  of  the  teeth.  The  ena- 
mel i^  of  a  milky  white  colour,  and  sufficiently 
hard  to  strike  fire  with  steel.  Its  surface  is  very 
Smooth  and  polished,  and  it  forms  a  thicker 
layer  towards  the  part  where  the  teeth  come  in 
Contact,  and  becomes  thinner  towards  the  cervix. 
The  fibres  of  the  enamel  are  perpendicular  to  the 
lurface  of  the  teeth,  on  the  ivory  of  which  they 
as  it  were,  planted.  This  gives  them  a 
appearance,  when  examined  by  the  mi- 
The  enamel  has  no  blo.nl  vessels,  and 
i<  nol  renewed  when  removed.  It  is  formed  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  a  very  small  portion  of 
animal  matter.  A  delicate  membrane  covers  the 
enamel  —  cuticle  of  the  enamel,  Nasmyth'e  mem- 
brane :  but  BO  closely  united  with  it.  that  it  can 
b.>  demonstrated  only  by  the  use  of  chlorohydrie 
acid. 

E\-\mk!.,  Cuticle  of  the,  see  Enamel. 
BNANTHE'MA,    same    etymon    as   the    next. 
A  name  recently  given  to  certain  eruptions  of  the 
Bacons    membrane,  as   exanthema  is  to  certain 
tru|  tions  of  the  skin. 

EX  A  XT  I  IK'S  IS,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  av$cu,  'I 
flourish.'    Rash  exan'them.    Eruption  of  red,  level 

rly    level,    patches,  variously    figured,    irre- 
gularly diffused,  often  confluent,  and  terminating 
'ular  exfoliations.     A  genus  in   the  order 
hemntica,  class  Hamatica,  of  Cullen,  inclu- 
ding Bcarlel  fever,  measles,  <tc. 

Y.s  INTHKS1S  R08  ILIA,  Scarlatina— e.  Urticaria, 
Urticaria, 

EN  WTIOPATHIC,  Palliative. 

RTHRO'SIS,     Tnarticnla'lio,     Ball    and 

■  joint,  from  cv,  'in.'  and   ap^puxrt;,  'an  arti- 

10.'     A  kind  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  in 

which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  receive,!   into  the 

n  »ther,  and  can  be  moi ed  In  all  direc- 

The  joint  of  the  os  femoris  with  the  os- 

Innomioatom  is  one  of  this  character. 

BN  \U  Til  RIM.  from  er,   'in,'  and  apQpov,  'a 
j ° i ri •  body  in  a  joint. 

'..  Fo mites. 
LN'THIS,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  Ka,Oo{,  'the 


angle  of  the  eye.'  A  tumour,  formed  by  an  in" 
erease  is  sise,  or  s  degeneration,  of  the  caruncula 
lacrymalis.  Any  morbid  growth  in  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

EMCANTHIfl   BbHIO'VA.      Simple    BXOri 
the  caruncula.      It  commonly  yields  to  SStl 
collyria. 

Ks<  .Willis    l'i  nt.o'sa.      A  condition  of  t] 

milunar  fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle,  in  whioh 
they  are  the  scat  of  morbid  growths. 

Ehoahthis  1  m  i  amm  \  m  im  \.  Inflammation 
with  enlargement  —  swelling  —  of  the  semilunar 

fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle. 

Km  am  ins  llALIO'MA  has  often  a  cancerous 
character,  and  requires  extirpation  before  it  has 
attained  any  considerable  si/e. 

ENCARDITIS,  Endocarditis, 
ENCARPOS,  Pregnant 

ENCAS1  Xii,  EmbottemenU 

ENCATALEPSIS,  Catalepsy. 

ENCATHIS'MA,  Semicu'pium.  With  the  an- 
cient.- Eucathis'ma,  cyKaStapa,  (zv,  and  KaOifa,  'I 
seat  upon,')  meant  a  vapour-bath  taken  sitting. 

ENCAU'MA,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  kuvu),  'I  burn.' 
Epicau'mis,  Epicau'eie,  Eucau'ri*.  A  tumour 
produced  by  a  burn,  A  burn.  Also,  an  ulcer 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  occasioning  loss  of  the 
humours. — Act  ins,  G  omens. 

ENCAUSIS,  Burn,  Encauma,  Moxibustion. 

ENCAUSSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  vY.  Ba- 
cau.-se  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Haute-Garonne,  which  possesses  several  saline, 
acidulous  springs, 

ENCA  177.'/:,  Argema. 

ENCEINTE,  Pregnant. 

ENCENS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

ENCENSIER,  Rosmarinus. 

ENCBPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e.  Hydro- 
pica,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

ENCEPHAL'IC,  Encepkal'ictu,  from  rv.  'in,' 
and  ke£uA>/,  'the  head.'  That  which  is  situate  in 
the  head.  A  name  given  to  several  parts  which 
relate  to  the  enccphalon,  as  the  encephalic  mem- 
brane, muscles,  lie. 

ENCEPHALTTIS,  from  Bneephalon,  and  itie, 
denoting  inflammation.  This  term  has  been  used, 
by  some  uosologists,  synonymously  with  Cepha- 
li'tis  and  Phreni'tie.  By  others,  it  has  been  ap- 
propriated  to  inflammation  of  the  brain,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  that  of  the  membranes. 

Encephalitis    Bxsobatorta,   Hydrocephalus 

internus  —  e.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
— e.  Insolationis,  Coup-de-eoleil — e.  Membranosa, 
Meningitis — e.  Peripherics,  Meningitis — e.  Pota- 
torum, Delirium  tremens. 

E X  CB  PHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 

ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  eneephalon,  and 
KnXrj,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  sen  Fungus  Cerebri, 
Cranioee'le,  Hania  of  the  Brain.  This  may  be 
a  congenital  or  accidental  affection.  In  the  for- 
mer case,  it  is  dependent  upon  tardy  ossification 
of  the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  conformation. 
In  the  latter,  it  is  owing  to  some  considerable 
loss  of  substance  in  the  parietes  of  the  cranium, 
produced  by  fractures,  wounds  with  a  cutting 
instrument,  carit  s,  the  application  of  tbi  tre- 
phine, &c.  In  slight  congenita]  encephalocele, 
gentle  pressure  may  be  exerted  upon  the  protrud<  d 
portion.     When   the  disease  is  of  considerable 

extent,  it  is  fatal.  In  accidental  eiiccphnloccle, 
similar  means  must  be  used  for  confining  the 
tumour,  and  preserving  it  from  the  action  of 
external  bodies. 

ENCEPHALOCHYSIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
ims— s.  Senilis.  Apoplexy,  serous. 

BNCBPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 

EXCKI'HAKOILK.MIA,  (Vphahemia. 
ENO&PHALOH&MIE,  Cepbalssmia, 


EXCEPIIALOID 


33  6 


ENCYSTIS 


EXCEPH'ALOID,  Encephaldi'des,  Ceph'aloid, 
CephaloVdee,  Cejdialo'ma,  from  encephalon,  and 
ettios,  'resemblance.'  Laennec  lias  given  the  terra 
Enceph'aloid  or  Cer'ebri/orm  matter  to  one  of 
the  morbid  substances  commonly  formed  by  scir- 
rhous or  cancerous  tumours.  It  is  either  encysted, 
in  irregular  masses  without  cysts,  or  infiltrated 
into  the  texture  of  the  diseased  organ.  This 
name  was  given  to  it  in  consequence  of  its  re- 
semblance, when  fully  developed,  to  the  medul- 
lary substance  of  the  brain.  It  is  also  called 
Fungus  medulla' ria  seu  Cancro'sus  medulla' r  is 
seu  Cerebra'lia,  Sarco'ma  medulla' re,  Spangoid 
inflammation,  Cancer  cerebri  for' me  seu  mollis  seu 
medulla'ris,  Careino'ma  medulla're  seu  spongio'- 
sum,  Carci'nus  spongio'sus.  Struma  fungo'sa,  Mye- 
lo1 'ma,  Myelom'yces,  Myeloapon'gna,  Tela  acciden- 
ta'lis  medulla'ris,  (F.)  Mati&re  cerebriforme,  Car- 
cinome  man  et  spongeux,  Tumeur  encephalo'ide  ou 
apongieuse  ou  oaaivore  ou  pulpeuse  ou  fongo'ide 
OU  fongueuae  ou  spleniforme,  Fongus  meduUaire, 
Cctrcindme  aanglant,  Cancer  mou  ou  encephalo'ide 
OU  medulla  ire  ;  Milt-like  tumour,  Jled'ullary  sar- 
coma, Cel'lular  cancer,  Fungoid  or  HcBinatocer'- 
ebriform  disease.     See  Cancer. 

Excephaloid  Tumour  of  the  Lung,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

ENCEPHALOLOG"IA,  from  encephalon,  and 
\oyo$,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  en- 
cephalon. 

EXCEPHALOMALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALOMALAXIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

EXCEPHALO-MEXIXGITIS,  Meningo-ce- 
pbalitis. 

EXCEPH'ALOX,  Enceph'alum,  Enceph'ahis, 
Enkeph'alon ;  from  ev,  'in,'  and  KetiaXn,  'the 
head.'  That  which  is  situate  in  the  head.  This 
name  has  generally  been  given  to  the  brain,  cere- 
bellum, and  mesocephalon.  At  times,  it  includes 
likewise  the  medulla  spinalis,  when  it  is  also  called 
the  Cerebrospinal,  and  Neural  axis.  Under 
the  term  Craniospinal  axis  or  centre  of  automa- 
tic actions,  Dr.  Carpenter  includes  the  sensory 
ganglia  —  the  respiratory  and  stomato-gastric 
ganglia  forming  the  centre  of  the  medulla  ob- 
longata and  the  spinal  ganglia  or  true  spinal 
cord. 

EXCEPHALOPATHI'A,  (F.)  Enciphalopa- 
thie,  from  encephalon,  and  -ados,  'disease.'  A 
disease  of  the  encephalon. 

Encephalopathia  Literato'rum.  The  con- 
dition of  brain,  supposed  to  be  produced  by  over- 
tasking it. 

Encephalopathia  Puerperalis,  Mania,  puer- 
peral—  e.  Saturnina,  see  Encephalopathie  satur- 
nine. 

EN  CEP  HA  L  OP  A  TFIIE,  Encephalopathia  — 
e.  Crapnleusp,  Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOPATHIE  SATURNINE,  En- 
eephalopathi' a  Satumi'na.  Encephalic  disorder 
occasioned  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

EXCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymato'ses  seu 
Strnmo'sea  seu  Tuber' cnla  cer'ebri  /  from  ence- 
phalon,  and  tivfia,  (pvytarog,  'a  tumour.'  Tuber- 
cles of  the  brain. 

ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS,  see  Encephalopyo- 
sis. 

EXCEPHALOPYO'SIS,  from  encephalon,  and 
irvov,  'pus.'  A  paste' ma  seu  Absces'sus  seu  Helco'- 
aia  cer'ebri.  Suppuration  of  the  brain.  When 
accompanied  with  emaciation  and  hectic,  it  is 
called  Encrphdlopthi' sis. 

EXCEPHALO-RACHIDIAX,  Cephalo-spinal. 

EXCEPHALORRHAGIA,  see  Apoplexy. 

EXCEPHALOSCOPIA,  Craniology. 

EXCEPHALOSEPSTS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

EXCEPHALOSIS  OF  THE  LIVER,  Hepato- 
scirrhus. 


EXCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the 
brain. 

EXCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS,  see  Hydrocepha- 
lus interims. 

EXCEPHALUM,  Encephalon. 

EXCEPHALUS  OPISTHIUS,  Cerebellum. 

EXCEROSIS,  Inceration. 

EXCHARAXIS,  Scarification. 

ENCHA  TONNEMENT,  Chatonnement. 

ENCHEIRE'SIS,  Enchire'aia,  Enchei'ria,  from 
ev,  and  x^f'  'tne  hand.'  Galen  uses  this  term  as 
a  part  of  the  title  to  one  of  his  works,  which  treats 
of  dissection.  It  means  the  manual  treatment  of 
any  subject. 

EXCHEIRIA.  Encheiresis. 

EXCH IFR ENEMEN T,  Cory za. 

EXCHIRESIS,  Encheiresis. 

EXCHOXDROMA,  Chondroma. 

EXCHORIOXOSUS,  Endemic. 

EXCHORIOS,  Endemic. 

EXCHRISTOX,  Liniment. 

EXCHYLOSIS.  Extraction. 

EXCHYMA,  Infusum,  Plethora. 

EXCHYMO'MA,  Enchymo'sis,  from  ev,  and 
Xyu,  'I  pour.'  By  the  ancients,  this  word  trag 
used  to  designate  the  sudden  effusion  of  blood 
into  the  cutaneous  vessels,  which  arises  from  joy, 
anger,  or  shame;  in  the  last  instance  constituting 
blushing.  It  differs  from  ecchymosis  in  there 
being,  in  the  latter,  extravasation  of  blood  into 
the  areolar  texture,  and  its  being  produced  by 
an  external  cause;  a  contusion,  for  example. — 
Hippocrates. 

EXCHYSIS,  Infusion. 

ENCLA  VE,  Wedged. 

ENCLA  VEMENT,  see  Wedged. 

ENGLUME,  Incus. 

EXCLYDAS'TICOS,  intus  fluc'tnana,  from  ty- 
K\vSa^ojiat,  (tv,  and  kXv^u),  'I  wash.')  'to  float  in.' 
Applied  to  liquids,  e.  g.,  to  serum,  pus,  <fec,  con- 
tained in  any  cavity. 

EXCLYSMA,  Clyster,  Enema. 

EXCCE'LIA,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  mho,  'the 
belly.'     The  abdominal  viscera.     The  entrails, 

EX'CCiLIALGIA,  Tormina — e.  Inflammatoria, 
Encoelitis. 

ENCaSLI'TIS,  Encaelii'tis,  Enco?lialg"ia  in- 
flammato'ria,  Injlnmma'tio  abdomina'liaj  from 
eyicoiXia,  'the  abdominal  contents,'  and  itia,  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  any  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera. 

EXCOLPIS'MUS,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  *oX™?, 
'the  vagina.'  Injection  or  introduction  of  any 
thins:  into  the  vagina. 

EXCOLPI'TIS,  Oolpophlegmhymeni'tis;  from 
ev,  'in,'  Ko\tros,  'the  vagina,'  and  itia,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  vagina. 

EXTCOPE,  Diacope,  Incision. 

EXCRAXIOX,  Cerebellum. 

EXCRAXIS,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRE,  Atramentum. 

EXCYESIS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

EXTCYMOX,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYMOSIA,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYSIS,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYST'ED,  Cyatide  obduc'tus,  Sacca'tim, 
Saccula'tus,  Sac'eated,  Sac'eulated,  Pouched. 
Enclosed  in  a  kyst  or  cystj  or  pouch  ;  from  ev, 
'in,'  and  kvotis,  'bladder.'  (F.)  Enkyste.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  tumours,  or  solid  or  fluid 
collections  enclosed  in  a  particular  envelope  or 
cyst.  They  are  movable  and  often  elastic  to  the 
touch. 

EXCYS'TIS,  Tumor  tunica'tus  seu  cys'ticus, 
Emphy'ma  encjjs'tis.  Same  etymon.  lu'pia, 
Glan'dula  Aviccn'nce,  Nodus.  An  encysted  tu- 
mour. 


EXDADELPHIA 


33  7 


EXDOSMOTIC 


EXDADELPHIA,  se  nt. 

ENDAN'GIUM;  properly  Endangi'on  or  £«- 
dangi'um,  3/embra'na  ruin' mm  commu'nis,  (F.) 
Tuniqtte  commune  de  Biekat;  from  tv&ov,  'within,' 
and  ayyuov,  'a  ve— el.'  The  serous  or  lining 
Membrane  of  v.--  ■ 

•ErCTrCOS.  [ndicant 
BNDEIXIOL"0<JY,  I  r"to,'from  zv- 

>•.  and  iuKvvta,  '  I  show/)  'indication/  and 
i  discourse.'     The  doctrine  of  indications. 
ENDEIXIS,  [ndication. 
EVDKMIA.  Endemic. 

ENDEM'IC,  Endem'ical,  Ende'mia,  Regiona'- 
lii  morbus,  Endem'ictu ;  from  sv,  'in,' and  6*11*0$, 
'the  people;'  Encho'riot,  Enchorion'onu,  Per- 
mae'uhu  sou  Endemiut  mor'bn*,  Endemy,  (F.) 
'■■,  Mnlndie  rfgionale.  A  disease  said  to 
be    end   ro  I'.     EntUmique,  or   to    arise   from 

tndemic"\ty,    (F.)   endSmieitS,  when   it  is  owing 
■lliarity   in    a    situation   or   locality. 
Thus,   agne   is   endemio    in    marshy   countries? 
goitre  at  th  1  base  of  lofty  mountains,  &o.     Some 
author^  use  the  term  in  the  same  sense  as  epide- 
mic.    We   have   no   accurate    knowledge  of  the 
emanations   or  other  circumstances   which   ghre 
•1  to  endemic  affections.    We  seem  to  know 
that    some    emanation    from    marshy   lands    does 
produce  intermittent*:    but   we  are   ignorant   of 
the  nature  of  such  emanation. 
EX  I)  EM  I  CITE,  see  Endemic. 
ENDEMICITY,  see  Endemic. 
BNDEMIOL'OGY,   Endemiolog"ia1  from  <en- 
'  and  \oy»s,  'a  discourse.'     The  doctrine  of 
endemic  diseases. 

ENDEMIQUE,  Endemic. 
ENDEMY,  Endemic. 
ENDEPIDERMIS,  Epithelium. 
ENDER'MIC,     Ender'micue,     Endermat'ictu, 
Em},!.,  tic,    (F.)  Endermique,  from   tv, 

ia, 'the  skin.'  An  epithet  given  to  the 
method  of  treating  diseases  by  placing  the  thera- 
peutical agent  in  contact  with' the  skin,  especially 
after  the  cuticle  has  been  removed:  Enderm'iem, 
iermo'ein,  Meth'odua  end er' mica 
Beu     '  '  itri'a.       Morphia, 

strychnia,    Ac,  are   often   administered   in    this 
wav. 

BNDERMTS,  see  Enderraic. 
ENDERMISMUS,  see  Endermic. 

DERMOSIS,  Bee  Endermic. 
EN'DESIS,    from  ev,   'in/   and  Sew.  'I   bind.' 
A   ligature,    bandage,    connexion.      Hippocrates 
1  the  ankle-joint. 
ENDIVE,  O'iehorium  endivia— e.  Wild,  Cicho- 
rium  intvbus. 

BNDrVI  \.  Cichorium  endivia. 
BNDIXIS,  [ndication. 

ENDO,  from  tvtov,  'within/  A  common  prefix, 
as  in  th-  following  terms  : 

ENDO  VORTI'TIS,  from  »■•,,-.  'within.'  and 
aort,t,x.  •  bfl  immation  of  the  aorta.'  Inflamma- 
tion  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  aorta 

■    VRTERITIS,  , Arteritis. 

ENDOBL  \-  I',  see  Periblast. 

VDOCARDE,  End u-diura. 

•OCAR'DIAl  dial,  Endocardi'- 

ime  etymon  as  the  next     Relating  to  the 
-  liura,  or  to  the  interior  of  the  heart  ;  as 
irdiac  sound  or  murmur/  —  a  sound  pro. 
dueed  within  the  carities  of  the  heart,  in  contra- 
distinction to  <  eocardiac  ■'■,!  sounds  or 
murmurs  which  are  induced  by  conditions  of  the 
the  nr-'an 
I  ►CARDI'TIS,    Encarditi,,    Cardi'ti,    i„- 
t'r  no,   fnflamma'tio  tttperflc"iri  interna  cordie 
Im.rn.,1  Carditis   Tnflamma'tion  of  the  internal 
mtmbrayof  the  heart,  (P  rte.from  en. 
;-'"i,  the  lining  membrane  of  the  heart, 
S3 


and  ffie,  inflammation.  In  this  disease,  the 
heart's  action  is  visibly  increased,  and  very  mani- 
fest to  the  toueh  ;  the  hand  is  strongly  repelled, 
and,  at  moments,  is  sensible  of  a  trembling  vi- 
bratory  motion.      PerOUSsion    givei   a   dull    sound 

;  over  a  surface  of  several  inches,  owing,  accord- 
ing to  Bouillaud,  to  the  inflammatory  toi  _ 

of  the  heart,  ami  the  engorged  state  of  its  oavi- 
II  ties.  On  auscultation,  a  bruit  (/>■  touffiet  is  gene- 
rally heard,  masking  one  or  both  sounds  of  the 
heart:  and  the  ear  is  sensible  of  a  metallic  ring- 
ing with  each  systole  of  the  ventricle.  The  pul- 
sations are  rapid  as  well  as  strong  and,  with  few 
exceptions,  irregular,  unequal  ami  intermittent. 
The  pulse,  by  the  way,  does  not  always  indicate 
the  force  or  number  of  the  heart's  contractions. 

ENDOCAR'DIDM,  from  tv6ov,  'within 
Ka^Sia,  ' the  heart.'     (F.)   Endocarde.     The  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  interior  of  the  heart. 

BNDOCHORION,  see  Chorion. 

EXDOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

BNDOt  •  YMIE X,  from  tvoov,  <  within.'  and  Xv,,.,, 
'the  ])roduct  of  conception.'     A  double  tnoiist.  r 
J  by  inclusion  —  Isidore  G.  St.  Hilaire.     See  Em- 
bottement. 

EXDODOXTI'TIS,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  At 
Pn/pe  dentaire,  Inflammation  of  tin-  Dental  mem- 
brnne,  from  cvoov,  '  within/  ocovs,  oiovros,  '  a  tootl  .' 
and  itie,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  lining  membrane  of  a  tooth. 

BNDO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

EXDOGASTRI'TIS,  Eaogaetri'tie  ;  from  nSov, 
'within/  and  gaetritie,  'inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach.' Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  stomach. 

EXDOGEX,  see  Endogenous. 

EXDOG"EXOUS;  from  tviov,  'within/  ard 
yewau),  'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to 
plants — hence  called  End'ogma  —  in  which  the 
new  woody  matter  is  deposited  within  the  old, 
and  towards  the  centre.  In  the  animal,  cells  are 
often  formed  endogenous) 'y,  or  within  the  cells,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  sperm  vesicles. 

An  emhxj" enom  aneurism  is  one  that  ori^innf^s 
spontaneously  from  lesions  of  the  inner  coat  of 
the  arteries. 

ENDOLYMPH,  Vitrine  auditive. 

KXDOMETRL'TIS,  from  tviov,  'within.'  and 
metritis  'inflammation  of  the  uterus.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 
When  accompanied  with  a  diphtheritic  exudation,' 
it  is  sometimes  called  Endometritis  cronno'ea 

ENDON ARTERITIS,  Bee  Arteritis. 

BNDOPHLEBITIS,  Phlebitis. 

ENDOPLAST,  Bee  Periplast 

ENDORMIE,  Datura  stramonium. 

ENDOSIS,  Remission. 

ENDO  SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

E  N  D  0  S  M  1 1  S  ]■: ,  Bndoemo'ri;  Double  Tm- 
bibit"ion,  from  ev&ov,  'within/  and  taanos,  'Im- 
pulse.' A  term  first  used  by  Dutroohet,  to  ex- 
press the  action  by  which  fluids  pass  from  with- 
out to  within  organic  membranes.  The  action 
of  two  fluids  on  each  other,  when  separated  by  a 
membrane.  The  general  conditions  of  the  phe- 
nomena are-— /?/•<  that  they  should  have  an 
affinity  for  the  interposed  membrane;  ;, 
condly,  that  they  should  have  an  affinity  for  each 
other,  and  be  miscible. 

At  the  pre-., nt  day,  eudosmose  is  generallv  used 
to  signify  the  passage  of  the  more  transmisrible 
Quid,  whilst  exoemoee  signifies  that  of  toe  least 
transmissible.  The  rapidity  with  whi.-h  endon- 
moae   is   accomplished  raries   according   to   the 

nature  -,f  the   septum  or  tissue   and   of  the    | 

trating  body,  and  to  the  penetrability  of  the  I 
ENDOSMIC,  Bndosmotic. 
EXDOSMOTTC,      Endomot'icut,     EudWmic, 


ENDOSTEITIS 


3  3 


ENGOUEMENT 


Endos'micus  ;  same    etymon.      Belonging  to  en- 
dosmose  : — as  an  '  endoemotie  current.' 

EXDOSTEI'TIS,  from   tv<W,    'within/  ocrtov, 
'a  hone.'  and    iti»,  denoting    inflammation.     In- 
flammation of  the  internal  periosteum. 
ENDOSTEUM,  Medullary  membrane. 
ENDOUTERITIS,  see  Metritis. 
ENDUIT  (F.).  from    induere,   'to  put  upon,' 
'to  put  on.'     A  coat;  a  fur.     This  term  is  often 
applied    to  a  layer  of  greater  or  less    thickness 
which  covers  the  surface  of  certain  organs,  and 
particularly  of  the  tongue  and  the  interior  of  the  | 
month.     The  enduit  is  designated  variously,  ac- 
cording to  its  appearance, — enduit  bilieux,  jaune, 
hlmic,  &c.  —  a  bilious,  yellow,  white  coat  or  fur, 
etc.     It  is  at  times  owing  to  the  evaporation  of 
the  watery  portions  of  the  secretions;   at  others,  j 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  secretions:  —  gene- 
rally,  to  both  causes  combined.     The  tongue,  in 
such  a  condition,  is  said  to  be  coated  or  furred  ; 
sometimes,  loaded. 

ENDUIT  CHOROID  TEX,  see  Choroid. 
END  UR  GISSEMENT,     Induration  —  e.     du 
Cerveau,  Sclerencephalia— e.  Rouge,  see  Hepati- 
zation— e.  du  Coeur,  Cardiosclerosis — e.  du    Tissu 
cellitl'tire.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

ENDYMA  VEXTRICULORUM,  Ependyma 
ventriculorum. 

EXECHEMA,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
EXECIA,  Synocha  —  e.  Cauma,  Synocha  —  e. 
Synochus  Puerperarum,  see  Peritonitis — e.  Syno- 
chus, Synochus. 

EX' EM  A,  tvepa,  from  evirjiii,   (ev,  and  myn,  'to 
inject.'      Clysma,  Clysmus,  Enciys'ma,   Lavameu'- 
turn,  Lo'tio.     An  Injection,  Clyster,  (F.)  Clystere,  ji 
Lavement.       A    well-known   form    of    conveying 
medicine  into  the  intestinal  canal.     See  Clyster,    j 

Enema  Aloes,  Clyster  of  aloes.  (Aloes,  ^ij: 
Potass,  carbon,  gr.  xv  ;  Decoct.  Hordei,  Oss,  (Imp. 
7ueas.,)  M.  Ph.  L.)  Used  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  amenorrhoea. 

Enema   Anop'yntm,   Enema    O'pii ;   An'odyne  ; 
or    Starch    and    Opium    Clyster.      (Decoct,    amy li  I 
fjfiv;  tinct.  opii  Tr{,.  xxx.  M.   Ph.  L.)     Exhibited 
in  eases  of  severe  diarrhoea  or  dysentery. 

Enema    Cathart'ictm  :    Cathartic  or  Purging] 
Clyster.     ( Olei.    oliv.    f  t^j  :     suJph.    magnes.    3J  : 
ruucilng.  acacice  f^xvi:   M.     Ph.  D.) 

Enema  Coi.ocynth'idis,  Clyster  of  Col'ocynth. 
(Ext.  Colocynih  ^ss;  Sapon.  mollis  gj;  aqua,  Oj. 
(Imp.  meas.,)  M.  Ph.  L.)  An  efficient  cathartic 
clyster. 

Enema  Commu'ne  ;  Common  or  Domestic 
Clyster.  (  Water  gruel  or  molasses  and  water  Oss 
or  Oj  :  add  a  little  oil  or  lard,  and  a  spoonful  of 
common  salt.)  (riven  as  a  cathartic  enema;  and, 
without  the  common  salt,  as  an  emollient. 

Enema  Fcet'idtm,  E.  assafoe' tides,  Fetid  Clys- 
ter, Ch/ster  of  assafetida  ;  Mis'tura  asafaz'tidae. 
pro  clys'mate,  Clysma  ton'icum  et  antispasmod'- 
fcnm  seu  in'citans  et  sedans,  (F.)  Lavement  anti- 
spasmodique.  (The  last,  ivith  the  addition  o/gij 
of  the  tincture  of  asnfetida.  Ph.  D.)  Given  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  anodyne. 

Enema  Xicotia'n^:;  Tobac'co  Clyster.  This  j 
generally  consists  of  from  half  a  pint  to  a  pint  of 
the  Infnsum  Tabaci.  It  is  employed  in  cases  of 
strangulated  hernia;  but  occasionally  acts  as  a 
fatal  poison  when  given  in  this  way.  The  smoke 
of  tobacco  is  sometimes  thrown  up  the  rectum  to 
produce  the  same  medicinal  effects  as  the  infusion,  j 
E^-ema  Opii,  E.  anodynum. 

Enema    Terebin'thin.e  :    Tur'pentine    Clyster.] 
(01.  tereb.  f^j.    Decoct,  hordei  f^xix,  one  yolk  of  j 
egg.     Incorporate  the  turpentine  with   the  yolk,  j 
then  add   the  gruel.     Ph.   L.)     To  be  adminis- 
tered in  cases  of  ascarides,  (oxyures.) 

EXEPIDERM'IC.  Enepider'mirus,  from  tv. 
1  in,'  cm,  '  upon/  and  hepua,  '  the  skin.'     An  epi- 


thet  given  to   the  method   of  treating  diseases, 
which  consists  in   the  application  of  medicines  ; 
as  plasters,  blisters,  <fec,  to  the  skin. 
EX  ERE  ISIS,  Compression. 
EXERGIA,  Action,  Force. 

EX'ERGY,  Encrgi'a,  from  evtpyew,  (ev.  ar.d 
epyov,  'action/)  '  I  act.'  Action.  Acting  power. 
Also,  vigour;  as  the  'muscular  energy;'  the 
'  brain  acts  icith  energy.' 

EXERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Enervation. 
EXERVA'TIOX,  Euerra'tio,  from  e,  'out  of/ 
and  uervus,  'strength.'     The  act  of  weakening — 
the  state  of  being  weakened.     See  Debilitv. 

EXERVATIOXES    TEXDIXE.E,    Inscripti- 
ones  tendineaa  musculorum. 
EXERVITAS,  Inertia. 
EXFAXCE,  Infancy. 

EXFAXT,  Infans— e.  d  Terme,  see  Foetus—?. 
Legitime,  see  Legitimate. 

EXFAXTEMEXT,  Parturition. 
EXFLUPiE,  Swelling,  OZdema — e.  des  Jamles 
et  des  cuisses  de  la  femme  accouchee,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

EXFOXCEMEXT  SCAPHOIDE,  Scaphoi- 
des  fossa. 

EXFOXCEUEE,  Arthrodia. 
EXFOXCVRE,  Arthrodia. 
EXGASTERIOX.  Laboratory. 
EXGASTRIMISME,  see  Engastrimyth. 
EXGASTRIM  YSME,see  Engastrimyth. 
EXGAS'TRIMYTH;      Engastrimy'thus,      En- 
gl ottog  as' tor,     Gastril'oquus,     Ventril'oqnus,     Gas- 
tril'oquist,    En'rycles,    Eurycii'tus,   Enter  Oman' tit, 
Gastroman'tis,  from  ev,  'in/  yacrrip,   'the  belly/ 
and    fiv^tofiat,    'I    discourse/      A    Ventril'oquist. 
(F.)     Ventriloque,    Gastriloque.       One    who    pos- 
sesses the  art  of  modifying  his  natural  voice,  so 
that  it  seems  to  come  from  a  greater  or  less  dis- 
tance, and  from  different  directions.     It  was  for- 
merly believed  that  such  persons  spoke  from  the 
belly;  hence  their  name.     It  is  an  imitative  art, 
and    is    called   Ventriloquism.     (F.)    Engastri- 
misme,  Engastrimysme. 
EXGEISOMA,  Engisoma. 
EXCEL  ERE,  Chilblain. 
EXGHIEX    MOXTMOREXCY,    MIXERAL 
WATERS    OF.      Enghien-les-Bains.      A    hydro- 
sulphurous  water,  four  leagues  from  Paris,  near 
Montmorency,  Avhich  is  possessed  of  some  cele- 
brity.    It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  lime, 
silica,  sulphohydrate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  sul- 
phohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid  and  nitrogen. 

EXGISO'MA,     Engeiso'ma.    Engizo'ma,     from 
tyyi^w,    'I    approximate.'      (F.)    Embarrure.      A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  a  splin- 
ter passes  beneath  the  sound  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  compresses  the  brain. — Galen.     Also,  a  kind 
of  instrument  used  in  fractures  of  the  clavicle. 
EXGLISH  DISEASE,  Rachitis. 
EXGLOTTOGASTOR,  Engastrimyth. 
EXGOMPHOSIS.  Gomphosis. 
EXGORGEMEXT,  from  en,  'in/  and  gorge, 
'  the   throat.'     An   obstruction   occurring   in   the 
vessels  of  a  part,  giving  rise  to  augmentation  of 
volume.     Congestion. 

EXGORGEMEXT  DES  3IE.MBRES  AD- 
DOMIXAUXA  LA  SUITE  DES  COUCHES, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — e.  Hepatic,  Hepatoha?mia  — 
e.  Laiteux  des  membres  abdominaux,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

EXGOUEJIEXT  (F.),  Obstruc'tio,  Inertia, 
from  angere,  'to  choke.'  Accumulation  in  a 
hollow  organ,  of  the  matters  secreted  by  it  or 
carried  into  it.  There  is  said  to  be  Engouemeiu 
des  branches,  when  the  mucus  accumulates  in  the 
bronchia;  and  Engouement  des  intestins,  when 
the  matters  which  ought  to  pass  through  the  in- 


EXGOUEUEXT 


889     EXTEREPIPLOMPIIALOCELE 


testifies  are  detained  ;  as  in  a  case  of  strangulated 
hernia. 

ENGOUEMENTDES  POUMONS,  E.  of  tie 
hni'ji,   in    Pathological    Anatomy,   signifies   thai 
the  longs,  in  which  a  mixture  of  air  and 
thin  flni'l  escapes  from  them  when  cut  into. 
ENGOi  'RDTSSE  VENT,  Torpor. 

GR ENURE,  Suture. 
i:\ll  EM  A  rOSIS,  lla-matosis. 

■  !  \  \,  Puerpera. 
K NIX  10    E'E'lTS.  Parturition. 
BNIXUS    F'KIT  S.  Parturition. 
BNKBPH  1LON,  Kncephalon. 
ENK  YSTE*,  Encysted. 
ENKYSTEMENT,  Ckatonnement 
ENMETRI  riS,  Bee  Metritis. 
ENNBAPHAR'MACOS,     from     ewea,    'nine,' 
.  liv.i.   •  a   medioine/     A  medicine,  com- 
if  nine  simple  ingredients.     A  pessary,  so 
formed.  —  Galen,  Paulus.     The  Antid'oiut  11,  m- 
cli'ili*.  described  by  Galen,  and  some  plasters  by 
Aetios   and   Celsus,  are,  likewise,  termed   Ennea- 
"•". — -Gorraeus. 
BNORMIS,  Abnormous. 

ENORMITAS   CORDIS,  Heart,  hypertrophy. 

BNOR'MON,  evop*«tv,  Hermon,   Im'petmm  fa'- 

•     'in  fi,  •in.'  and   opuaut,  '  I  rouse,'  '  excite.' 

A  word  us.d  by  Hippocrates  in  the  same  sense 

is  by  modern  physiologists. 

BNOSIS,  Insertion. 

BNOSTO'SIS,    Entoato'$is,  from  ev,    'in.'    and 
•  a  bone.'     A  morbid  growth  of  bone  in- 
wards — the  opposite  to  exostosis. 
ENRAGE,  Rabid. 
ENRHUMER,  See  Cold. 
ENROUEMENT,  Raucedo. 
BNRYTH'MOS,  from  tv,  and  pvSpos,  'number.' 
I  rhythm.     An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse 
When  its   pulsations   occur  with  some  degree  of 
It   is  opposed   to  Aruth'moa,  and   differs 
rythmos,  which  signifies  '  regular.' 
BN8.     A    being.     Paracelsus    meant,   by   this 
term,    the  power    exerted   by    certain   beings    on 
our  body.      He  speaks  of  the  Ens  l>ci,  E.  Antro'- 
/'.   nntttrn'li,   E.   virtu' t  is,    E.    morbo' rn m.    E. 

n'tibus  tpirit'ibvu,  fee.     These  absur  1  de- 
nominations  loggested    to   some   of   the   ancient 
chy mists  a  name  for  certain  chymical  prepara- 
The  muriate  of  ammonia  and  iron  was 
J.'nx  mortis ;   the  muriate   of  ammonia   and 
copper,  Ent  veneris;  and   Etu  primum  was,  with 
ihymistS,  the  name  of  a  tincture  which  they 
wed  of  the  power  of  transmuting 

M  tai  ib,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — e.  Veneris, 
Boylei,  Ferrurn  ammoniatum. 

-II   '>  KM,    Entifor'mie,    from    enaia,    'a 
I,'  and/orma,  'form.'     Sword-like. 
EvsirORN  APOPHT'SKS  or  Pboc"BMBI  are  the 
1  m  r  ala  of  tli"  sphenoid  bone. 

BrrsiroRM  Appbk'bdc  or  Cau'tii.agk  is  the 
xiphoid  appendix  of  the  sternum,  <tc.  See  Xi- 
phoid. 

SIFORMIS,  Xiphoid. 

ENS1  STERNAL.     Relating  to  the  ensifonn 

-  of  the  stern om.     Beolard  gave  this  name 

t"  the  portion  of  the  sternum.     Ha 

.    it   I've   ultini-ttemaL     Bee   Ultimo- 

i  ration. 


nate  deep  scarifioations,  made  for  the  pnrp 
producing  a  speedy  digorgemeni  of  any  tumefied 
part  :   Buoh,  for  example,  as   are   made   in   the 
tongue  in  certain  eases  of  glossitis. 

ENTAMURE  (P.).  A  slight  incision  or  lace- 
ration. 

ENTANTHEMA,  Eisanthema. 

BNTASIA,  Tonio  spasm— e.  Articularis,  Con- 
tractura  —  e.  Loxia,  Torticollis  —  e.  Priapismua, 
Priapismus — e.  Systremma,  Cramp— e.  Tetanus, 
Tetanus  —  e.  Tetanus  anticus,  Euiprosthotonos — 
e.  Trismus,   Trismus. 

ENTASIS,  Tonic  spasm. 

BNTAT'ICUS,  Intenei'tme,  from  cvtuvui,  'I 
make  tense.'  A  medicine  which  excites  the  ve- 
noreal  appetite. 

ENTELIPATHIA,  Nymphomania. 

ENTELMINTHA,  Worms. 

&NTENDEMENT>  Intellect. 
ENTBRADELPHIA,  bos  EmboUement. 

ENTERAD'ENES,  from  tvrcpov,  'an  intestine,' 
and  aSrjv,  "a  gland.'  The  mucous  glands  of  the 
intestines.     See  Peveri  glandules. 

ENTE  PA  I>  EX<  >G'RA  PHY,  Enter adenogra'- 
phia,  from  tvTtpov,  'intestine,'  a6>jv,  'gland,'  and 
ypaQo,  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  in- 
testinal glands. 

E  X  T  ERADEXO  L'OGY,  End  radenolag"iat 
from  cvrepov,  'intestine,'  aorjv,  'gland,'  and  Aoyoy, 
'a  treatise.'  That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  intestinal  glands. 

ENTBRARRECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

ENTERAli'GIA,  Euterodgn'iu,  from  cvrtpov, 
'intestine,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  intes- 
tines.    Colic. 

BktbkalgIA  Act'TA,  Enteritis  —  e.  Inflanima- 
toria,  Enteritis — e.  Saturnina,  Colica  metnllica. 

I-  X  T  E  It  A  X  G  E  M  P  II  R  A  X  I  S,  Entera-iigi- 
emphraxis. 

B  X  T  E  B  A  X  G  I E  M  P  II  It  A  X '  I S,  Em, mn- 
gempkrax'ie,  from  cvrepov,  'intestine,'  ay^u,  'I 
strangle,'  and  cp<ppao(ru),  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  vessels  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  hsUsHno'rwm, 
from  tvTtpov,  '  intestine,' and  atrophia,  'want  of 
nutrition.'     Atrophy  of  the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

EXTERAUX'E,  from  tvrtpov,  '  intestine,'  and 
avtv,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  niu.-cular 
coat  of  the  intestines. — Fucha. 

ENTERECHE'MA,    from    urcpov,    'intestine.' 


and 


iX*'  1XW'  tXWh 


sound.'    Son'itus  in!'  ati 


M  VTOSIS,  Incorporati. 
I  ILAX'IS,  Instillation. 


2  I  BOPHE,    from   (v.   -in.'  and   arpc^w,   'I 

rsion  of  s  part,  as  of  the  eyelids. 

'\l:l  /'WW T.  Depression. 

ENTA  II  I  in    ,  „,   •  in,'  and   tattler, 

1  to   rut.'     Excie'i  \    deep 

by  a  sharp  instrument  obliquely. 

Entaillee  and  Taill  desig- 


ns.     Tlie   sound    of  the    niovemeiit   of   the    intes- 

tines,  beard  by  the  stethoc 

BNTERECTASIS,    Dilata'ffo    Inteetino'rvm, 

from  ivrtpov,   'intestine.'  and  arrant,  'dilatation.' 
Dilatation  of  the  intestines,  as  in  tympanites. 

ENTER  ELCO'SIS,  Enterhclco'sis,  Enterohel- 
co'et's,  from  ivTtpnw  'intestine/  and  'cAkcm??,  'ul- 
ceration.1    Ulceration    of  intestines — Ulcera'Ho 

ilit<  slinn'/is,    I    I'ii  in    inli  sllun' tin. 

KVI  BRELESIA,  Ileus. 

ENTERELOSIS,  Ileus. 

1-..N  I  BREMPHRAX'IS,  Infiirr'tuH  htrstino'- 
rum,  fncarcera'tio  inteetino'rum  inter' na,  (F.) 
Etranglement  </<■<  Intestine,  E.  Tnteatinale,  from 
cvrrpov,  'intestine,'  and  tp$p<t£if,  'obstruction/ 
Obstruction  of  the  Intestines  from  accumulation 
-  or  otherwise.   Also,  Bnterangiemphraxis. 

ENTEREN'CHYTA,  Enteren' chutes,  (Von.  iv- 
rtoov,  'an  intestine,' <v,  and  xtw*  '*  P°ur.'  Any 
surgical  instrument  for  administering  injections. 
-  -Scultetus. 

ENTEREPIPLOCBLE,  Bnteroe'piplocele. 

BNTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE,  from  cm. 
pov,  'inlet  ine,'  mnXoov,  'omentum/  oujakes, 
•navel,'  and  «//>>7,  'rupture.'  Hertfis  of  the  uin- 
bilicus,  with  protrusion  of  the  omentum  and  in- 
testine. 


ENTEHHELCOSIS 


4  0 


ENTEItOMORPHIA 


FXTERHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis— e.  Xervosa, 
Typhus  fabdnminaU 
ENTERHYPERTROPH'IA.flypertropJl'Ta  m- 

testino' rum,  from  tvrtpov,  '  intestine.'  and  hyper- 
trophia,  "excessive  nutrition.'  Hypertrophy  of 
the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERIC.  Intestinal. 

EXTER'ICA.  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  alimentary  canal.  Order  L, 
Class  I.  (Gtxlinca),  of  Good.  Also,  medicines 
affecting  the  alimentary  canal. 

EXTERICUS.  Intestinal. 

ENTERIQUE,  Intestinal. 

ENTERITE  FOLLWFLEUSE,  see  Typhus 
— e.  TyphohSmique,  Typhoid  fever. 

ENTERI'TIS,  from  tvrtpov.  'an  intestine,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
intestines.  Empres'ma  Enteri'tis.  Intestino'rum 
infiamma'tio,  Reo-coli'tis,  Chordap'sus,  Cauma 
Enteritis,  Enterophlog"ia,  Enterophlogo'  sis,  Co' - 
lien  acuta  sen  injlammato'ria,  I/'eus  inrfammato'- 
rius.  Enteral' gia  acn'ta  seu  Injlammato'ria,  Fe- 
in's intestino'rum  seu  iU'aea  injlammato'ria,  En- 
terop'i/ra.  (F.)  Enterite.  Inflammation  des  Intertills. 
The  essential  symptoms  of  this  disease  are: — 
violent  abdominal  pain,  increased  on  pressure: 
with  vomiting  and  inflammatory  fever.  Enteritis 
may  affect  both  the  peritoneal  and  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  intestines  :  and,  in  violent  cases,  all 
the  coats  may  be  implicated.  The  structure  of 
the  mucous  and  peritoneal  coats  is  different:  so 
are  their  functions  in  health  and  disease.  The 
inflammation  of  the  serous  coat,  £ero-enteritis, 
resembles  that  of  the  cellular  membrane;  the 
inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat,  that  of  the  skin. 
The  former  is  usually,  therefore,  of  a  more  active 
character.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat, 
Eso  -  enteri'tin,  Endo  -  enteri'tis,  JIuco  -  enteri'tis, 
3lucnns  Enteritis,  Ph^egmymeni'tis  enter'ica.  is 
generally  attended  with  diarrhoea,  and  its  patho- 
logy is  identical  with  that  of  dysentery.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  peritoneal  coat  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  generally  attended  with  constipation. 

Enteritis  of  the  peritoneal  coat,  for  such  usually 
is  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  abstract,  re- 
quires the  most  active  treatment.  Copious  bleed- 
ing, followed  up  by  a  large  dose  of  opium  —  and, 
if' the  symptoms  be  not  decidedly  ameliorated, 
repeating  the  bleeding  and  opium — warm  fomen- 
tations, and  blisters,  are  the  chief  agents  to  be 
relied  upon.  Purgatives  ought  not  to  be  exhibited 
until  the  inflammation  and  spasm  are  abated  by 
the  use  of  the  bleeding  and  opium.  When  the 
physician  is  called  early,  this  plan  will  usually 
succeed.  Sometimes,  Enteritis  passes  into  a  chro- 
nic state,  requiring  much  careful  management. 
Broussais  considered  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  as  the  proxi- 
mate cause  of  the  phenomena  of  fever. 

Enteritis  Arthritica.  Coeliagra  —  e.  Colica, 
Colitis  —  e.  Epiploitis,  Epiploitis  —  e.  Follicular, 
Typhoid  fever  —  e.  Folliculosa,  see  Typhoid  —  e. 
Mesenterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Mucous,  see  Ente- 
ritis— e.  Pustulosa,  Dothinenteritis. 

EX'TERO,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  intestine,' in  com- 
pound words  signifies  intestine,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing :— 

EXTEROERO'SIS,  Enterorrhex'is,  Perfora'tio 
Intestino'rum,  (F.)  Perforation  des  Intestins,  from 
tvrtpov,  'an  intestine,'  and  (Spuo-is,  'the  act  of 
gnawin?.'     Perforation  of  the  intestines. 

EXTEROC'ACE,  Dysente' ria  pu'trida  seu  ty- 
pho'de8  seu  scorbutica  seu  malig'na,  from  tvrtpov, 
'an  intestine,'  and  kukos,  'evil.'  Adynamic  dy- 
sentery, accompauied  by  phenomena  indicating  a 
pseudo-membranous  and  gangrenous  state  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  large  intestine. 

EXTEROCE'LE,    Hernia    intestina'lis,    from 


tvrtpov,  'an  intestine,' and  kt)\tj.  'a  hernia,'  'tu- 
mour.' Abdominal  hernia,  which  contains  only 
a  portion  of  intestine,  is  so  called. 

ENTERO - CEPHALOPYRA  INFANTUM, 
Hydrooephalus  Internus. 

EXTEROCCE'LICUS.  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine.' 
!  and  KoiXia,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating 
,:  to  the  cavitv  of  the  abdomen. 

EX'TE-RO-COLI'TIS,  (F.)  Entero-colite.  from 
'tvrtpov,  '  intestine,'  and  colitis,  'inflammation  «>f 
the  colon.'  Inflammation  of  the  small  intestine 
j|  and  colon. 

EXTEROCYSTOCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'anin- 
'■  testine,'  kvo-th,  "a  bladder,'  and  k^jj,  'a  tumour.' 
Hernia  formed  by  the  bladder  and  a  portion  of 
intestine. 

EXTERODAR'SIS.  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' 
and  dapo-is,  'skinning.'  Excoriation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  intestines. 

EXTERODOTHIEXIA.  Dothinenteritis. 

EXTERODYXIA,  Enteraleia. 

EXTERO  -  EPIPLOCE'LE,     Enterepiploce'le, 

Her' 'nia   intestinn'lis  omenta' lis,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 

j  testin-e,'  t-mrr'Soov,   'the  omentum,'  and  k7)>t;,  'tu- 

|  mour.'     Hernia,  formed  by  intestine  and  omen- 

i  turn. 

EXTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS.  from  tvrtpov, 

i  'intestine.'  t-nrXoov,  'the  omentum,'  and  op.6a\os, 

I  'the    umbilicus.'     Umbilical    hernia,    containing 

intestine    and    omentum.     Almost    all   umbilical 

hernia?  are  of  this  kind. 

EXTEROG'RAPHY,  Enterogra'phia,  from  tv- 
rtpov, 'intestine,' and  ypaipn,  'description.'  The 
part  of  anatomv  which  describes  the  intestines. 

EXTERO-IUEMORRHAGIA,  Ha?matochezia. 

EXTEROHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis. 

EXTERO-HYDROCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov.  'in- 
testine.' 'vcup,  '  water,'  and  Kn\n,  'tumour.'  In- 
testinal hernia  complicated  with  hydrocele. 

EXTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine.' 't^wp.  'water,'  and  op.$a\os.  'the  na- 
vel.' Umbilical  hernia,  in  which  the  sac  contains, 
along  with  a  portion  of  intestine,  a  quantity  of 
serum. 

EXTERO-ISCHTOCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
testine.' ia^iov,  'ischium.'  and  kij>-v,  'tumour.' 
Ischiadic  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

EXTEROLITHI'ASIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine,' and  \i$iacns,  'the  formation  of  stone.'  The 
formation  of  concretions  in  the  intestines. 

EXTEROLITHUS.  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and 
intestines  —  e.  Bezoardus,  Bezoar  —  e.  Scybalum, 
Scybala. 

EXTEROL'OGY,  Enterolog"ia,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine,'  and  Aoyo?,  'a  discourse.'  The  part 
of  anatomv  which  treats  of  the  intestines. 

EXTEROMALA'CIA.  Enteromalax'is,  (F.) 
Ramollissement  de  V Intestin,  from  tvrtoov,  'an  in- 
testine,'and  na\a<T<ru),  'I  soften.'  Softening  of  the 
mucous  or  other  coats  of  the  intestine. 

EXTEROMALAXIS.  Enteromalacia. 

EXTEROMAXTIS.  Engastrimyth. 

EXTERO-MEROCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov.  'intes- 
tine,' (inoog,  'the  thigh,'  and  Kn\n,  'tumour.'  Cru- 
ral hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

EXTERO-MESEXTER'IC,  Entero-mesenter'- 
icus,  (F.)  Entero-mesenterique.  Relating  to  the 
intestine  and  mesentery. 

EXTERO-MESEXTER'ICA  FEBRIS.  MM. 
Petit  and  Serres  have  given  this  name  to  the 
typhoid  form  of  adynamic  fever,  in  which  the  in- 
testines are  ulcerated,  with  enlargement  of  the 
corresponding  mesenteric  glands.     See  Typhus. 

EXTERO-MESEXTERITE,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — e.  Jlesentcrite  typho'ide,  see  Typhus. 

EXTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.  One 
of  the  alga?,  used  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders  as 
an  esculent. 


EXTEROMPIIALOCELE 


341 


ENTOIMIYTIC 


BNTBROMPHALOCELE,  Enteromphalus. 
E  N I  EROM'PHALUS,  EnU  romphaL*  <  7«,  from 
'  ;u»d  on$a\oi,  'umbilicus.'    I  m- 
bUioal  hernia,  formed  of  intestine, 

ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
.'  ftvKii.  'slime,'  <'(yj.  'skin,'  and  tttt,  de- 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous 
m<  mhrane  of  the  intestine*, 
BNTERON,  Intestine. 

BNTEROPARAL'YSIS,    /.'<•'■  •■,.'■'/'«,    P«-\ 
■nio'rum,    from    tvrtpov,    'intestine,' 
ralysis.'    Paralysis  of  the  intestines. 
i:\  rEROP  VRISAGOGE,  Entussuseeptio. 
EN  rEROPATHI'A,  EiUerop'atkjf,  from  tvrcpov, 
■.»-,  'disease.'     Disease  of  the 
intestines  in  general. 

C  UTCKM'SA,     Entcrnscir'rhus, 
teno'tit  tcirrko'ta  sea  oryaa'teo,   EnUro- 
mrco'mia,  Indura'ttQ  sea  SeiVrnss  sen  ('"■ 
CWretno'ma   Inteetino'rnw^  (P.)  Cancer  dcs  Intes- 
Iin*.     Cancer  of  the  intestii 

K \ T E RO P E It IS'TOLE.  ffnterotp* ig'ma,  Her- 
i'tn,  hearetra'tio  inteitino'rum,  from 
trrcjov,   'intestine.'    and    irtpion\\u>,   'I  contract.' 
Constriction  or  obstruction  of  the  intestines,  from 
■   cause  which  acts  either  within  the   abdomen, 
thont  it.  as  in  strangulated  hernia. 
BNTEROPHLOGIA,  Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHLOQOSIS,  Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHTHI/SIS.from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' 
and  tfidtati,  'consumption.'     Consumption  of  the 
bowels.     Consumption  owing  to  suppuration    in 
the  intestii 

ENTEROPHYMA.TA,  Tubercula  intestino- 
rum. 

EX'TEROPLASTY,  En'templas'tice,   from   tv- 
•  intestine,'  and  trXaoow,  'I  form.'     Aplastic 
operation  for  the  restoration  of  an  intestine. 
BNTEROPLEGIA,  Enteroparalysis. 
i:\TKROPYRA.   Enteritis.     Also,  entero-me- 
aenterio  fever,  Entiropyrie. — Alibert. 

Entbroptba    Asiatica,   Cholera  —  e.   Biliosa, 

r,  bilious. 
ENTERORRHAG"IA,    from    tvrcpov,    'intes- 
tine.'and  payri,  'violent  rupture.'     Hemorrhage, 
or  excessive  discharge,  from  the  bowels. 
Ehtbrorrhaoia  SuiplkXi  Haematocbexia, 
BNTBRORRHA'PHIA,  Enteror'rhapke,  from 
and  patoi   'a  suture.'     Suture 
intestines,  for  the  relief  of  injuries  done  to 
tii. in. 

EXTERORRIIEU'MA,  RhcHmatiVmtti  Intesti- 
vo'riuii,  from  tvrcpov,  'intestine,'  and  pevfia,  'de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  intes- 
tine. 

BNTERORRHEXIS,  Enterobiasis. 

BXTERORRHGU,  Diarrhoea,  Melaena. 

BNTEROSARCOCE'LE,  from  tvrcpov,  'intes- 
(fle8h,'  and  «r»Xi?,  'a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  eomplieated  with  fleshy  excrescence, 
or  rather 

ENTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa. 

BNTEROSCHEOCE'LB,  Entortucloce'li,  from 
r,  'an  intestine/ eervtay,  'the  scrotum,'  and 
*i*.ri.  'tumour.'  Scrotal  hernia  consisting  of  in- 
t  itine. 

ENTEROSCTRRHUS,    Enteropathia     cance- 

BNTRRO'SES,  from  cvrtpov,  'an  intestine.'    A 

.  comprehending  all  those  that 

1  in  the  intestines. — A  liber  L 

BNTEROSPHIGM  K,  Enteroperistole. 

BNTBROSTBNO'SIS,from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' 

and  srutMif,  'stricture.'    Stricture  or  constriction 

of  the  intestines.    Sec  Qeus. 

BamnosrsBosii  Voltolos,  Ileus  —  e.  Orga- 
nic.!, Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  e.  Scirrho.-a,  En- 
teropathia cancerosa. 


ENTEROTOME,  Bnter+t'omm,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine,'  and  rifix^,  '  I  cut.'  A  name  given  by 
J.  Cloquet  to  an  instrument  for  promptly  opening 

the  intestinal  canal  through  it*  whole  extent.  It 
consists  of  a  pair  of  Boissors,  one  blade  of  which 
is  much  longer  than  the  other,  and  rounded  at  its 
extremity.      This  is  passed  into  the  intestine. 

EN  1  BROTOM'IA,  Bnierot'omg,  same  etymon. 
In   (indtnnn/,   it  signifies   dissection   of  the   intes- 
tines.    In  surgery,   it   means   an   operation,  little 
used,  which  consists  in  opening  the  intestines,  in 
order  to  evacuate  the  fiocal  matters   accumulated 
in  it;  for  example,  in  certain  cases  of  hernia,  ac- 
companied   with    contraction    of    the    intestinal 
canal:   in   operations  for  an   artificial   anus,   per- 
formed on  the  new-born,  where    the    rectum    is 
imperforate  or  not  existing,  Ac 
ENTEROTOMY,  Bnterotomia. 
ENTEROTYPHU8,  see  Typhus. 
EN  TEROZOA,  Worms. 

EXTERYI>ROCE'LE,   Enterohydroce'li,  from 
tvrtpov,  '  intestine,'  'vfiwp,  '  water,'  and  KiXn>  '  rup- 
ture.'    Intestinal  hernia  with  hydrocele. 
ENTHELMINTHES,  Worms. 
ENTHEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 
ENTIlbA'SIS,  Eapkla'tis,  ftfiVto.from  tv,  'in.' 
and  $\aw.  'I  break.'     A  fracture  of  the  cranium, 
with  comminution,  in  which  the  bone  is  depressed, 
or  has  lost  its  level. 

Entiilasis  Crash,  Effractura  Cranii. 
EX'ffTE,  Entity. 

ENTITY,  En'tita*.  (F.)  Entite  ;  from  ev*,entis, 
'a  being.'  The  being  or  essence  of  anything. 
It  has  been  used  somewhat  vaguely,  in  modern 
French  medicine  more  especially,  to  signify  ap- 
parently a  general  or  essential  disease,  the  nature 
and  seat  of  which  cannot  be  determined. — 
Xvsten. 
ENTOCELE,  Ectopia. 

Entoce'lk  Lf.ntis.  Dislocation  of  the  crys- 
talline into  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eve. 

ENTOGONYAN'CON,  Genu  varum,  Calf  knee, 

X  leg,  from  tvros,  'within,'  yovv,   'the  knee,'  and 

tiytuv,  'a  bend.'     Bending  of  the  knees  inwards. 

|  The   state   of    being   knock-kneed,    or   in -kneed. 

1  (Prow)  Knap-kneed,  (Sc.)  Nule-kneed, 

EXTOHYALOID  MUSCJS,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia. 

EN  rONTA,  Tension,  Tonic  spasm. 
ENTONIC,  Enton'icus,  from  tv,  denoting  ex- 
cess, and  rojof,  'tone.'     Having  great  tension  or 
exaggerated  action. 

ENTONNOIR,  Calix,  Infundibulum  —  e.  in 
Ventricule  Moyen  du  Cerveau,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

EXTOPARASITES.  Worms. 
ENTOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  or*,*  within/  and 
o^Ba\yna,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'    Ophthalmia 
affecting  the  interior  of  the  eye, 

EN'TOPHYTE.  Entoph'yton,  (pi.  Entoph'ytei.) 

from  tms,  '  within,'  and  <pvruv,  •  a  vegetable.'    A 

le  parasitet  and  especially  one  growing  in 

the  interior  of  the  body.     The  following  are  the 

chief  entopbytcs  : — 

Alga  of  the  mouth. 

Ackorion  Schonleinii....  in  Porrigo  favosa. 

Achorion  Lebertii in  Porrigo  scutulata. 

Miemaporon  Attdouini.  in  Porrigo  decalvans. 

Mycoderm of  Plica  Polonies. 

" of  sfentsgra. 

"       of  Mnguet 

**       of  ulcerated  sad  mucous 

surfaces 

Sareina  ventrieuli of  the  stomach. 

T>,ru/a  "  « 

l-NTOPIIYT'IC,  Entnphyfieu;  same  etymon. 
!  Of  or  belonging  to  an  entophyte,  —  as  'an  cnto- 
»  phytic  growth.' 


ENTOPTERYGOID 


342 


EPERVIERE 


ENTOPTERYGOID,  see  Pterygoid. 

EXTOP'TIC,  Entop'ticus,  from  tvrog,  'within,' 
and  o^.is,  'vision.'  Relating  or  appertaing  to  the 
vision  of  objects  within  the  organ  of  sight,  —  as 
of  the  bloodvessels  of  the  retina. 

ENTORSE,  Sprain. 

EXTOSTHETHIDIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTHIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTOSIS.  Enostosis. 

ENTOTORRH(EA,  Otirrhcea. 

EXTOTOZ.EXA,  Ozama. 

EXTOXICLSMUS.  Poisoning. 

ENTOXISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOZOA,  (sing.  Entozoon,)  Worms. 

ENTOZO AIRES,  Worms. 

EXTOZOARIA,  Worms. 

ENTOZOOGEXESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

EXTOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  Fol- 
liculoruin. 

ENTRAILLES,  Entrails. 

EX'TRAILS,  Splanchna,  Encce'lia,  Vis'cera, 
Entosthid'ia,  Entos'thia,  Entosthethid'ia,  Intera'- 
nea,  from  enteralia,  a  word  of  bad  Latin,  coming 
from  tvrtpov,  '  intestine.'  It  is  used  for  the  vis- 
cera enclosed  in  the  splanchnic  cavities,  and  es- 
pecially for  those  in  the  abdomen;  Bowels,  Guts, 
(F.)  Entrailles,  Visceres.  E.vta  has  had  this 
latter  signification,  but  it  was  most  frequently 
used  by  the  ancients,  as  by  Pliny,  for  the  thoracic 
viscera. 

ENTREFESSON,  Chafing. 

EXTRICHO'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  rpix^pn, 
(9-pii;,  rptxos,)  'hair.'  The  tarsal  cartilage,  and 
the  edge  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  are 
implanted. 

EXTROP'ION,  Entrop'ium,  from  tv,  'in,'  and 
rptitw,  'I  turn.'  In ver'sio  palpebrarum,  Capillit"- 
ium,  Trichiasis,  Fntrosuscep'tio  seu  Blepharopto- 
sis  entr opium,  Blepharelo'sis,  Tri'chia,  Tricho'sis. 
A  name  given  to  the  inversion  or  turning  inwards 
of  the  eyelids,  so  that  the  eye-lashes  are  directed 
towards  the  globe  of  the  eye ;  irritate  and  in- 
flame it,  and  give  rise  to  the  affection  called 
Trichiasis. 

The  contact  of  the  hair  with  the  surface  of  the 
eye  occasions  considerable  irritation  of  the  con- 
junctiva, which  is  soon  followed  by  cbemosis, 
ulceration  of  the  eye,  and  other  symptoms,  such 
as  fever,  watchfulness,  &c. 

If  the  disease  be  entropion,  as  above  defined, 
that  is,  dependent  upon  the  inversion  of  the  eye- 
lids, it  must  be  remedied,  —  either  by  dispersing 
the  oedema  or  swelling  of  the  eyelids,  or  by  cut- 
ting out  a  portion  of  the  skin.  When  the  disease 
is  dependent  on  a  vicious  direction  of  the  cilia, 
they  must  be  plucked  out  and  the  bulbs  be  cau- 
terized. 

EXTROPIUM,  Entropion. 

ENTYPOSIS,  see  Glene. 

EXUCLEA'TION,  Enuclea'tio,  from  enucleare, 
enucleatum,  (e,  and  nucleus,)  'to  take  out  a  ker- 
nel.' This  term  has  been  proposed  for  the  opera- 
tion of  removing  tumours,  &c,  without  cutting 
into  them. — Percy. 

The  word  is  used  in  Pharmacy  for  the  opera- 
tion of  shelling  or  removing  the  kernels  of  any 
nut. 

ENULA  CAMPANA,  Inula  Helenium. 

ENU'LOX,  from  tv,  '  in,'  and  ovXov,  'the  gum.' 
The  inner  part  of  the  gums.  The  external  part 
was  called  ovXov,  and  that  between  the  teeth  appos. 
— Pollux. 

EXURE'SIS,  from  tvovptw,  (tv,  and  ovptw,)  'I 
void  the  urine  in  bed.'  Paru'ria  incon'tinens. 
Incontinentia  uri'ntp,  Excre'tio  Urina;  invo/un- 
ta'ria  seu  inopportu'na,  3/ic'tio  iirvolunta' ria, 
[fracra'tia,  Urorrhce'a,  Perirrhop'a,  Strangn'ria, 
(Galen,)  Auischu'ria,  Hyperure'sis,  Diam'nes, 
Involuntary  discharge  of  urine,  Incontinence  of 


urine.  This  affection  is  most  common  in  advanced 
life.  It  may  depend  on  too  great  irritability  of 
the  bladder,  or  on  distension,  or  injury  of  the 
fibres  about  its  neck,  paralysis  of  the  organ, 
Cysto-paraly'sis,  Cysto-ple'gia,  the  presence  of 
an  irregularly  shaped  calculus  impacted  in  the 
urethra  near  its  commencement;  rupture  of  the 
bladder  and  urethra;  renal  disease;  or  on  pres- 
sure exerted  on  the  bladder  by  the  distended 
womb  or  by  a  tumour.  It  often  occurs  after  dif- 
ficult labour,  but  generally  yields,  in  the  course 
of  a  week  or  ten  days  ;  the  catheter  being  intro- 
duced twice  a  day  in  the  mean  time. 

The  treatment  must  of  course  vary  according 
to  the  cause;  and  when  the  affection  on  which  it 
is  dependent  cannot  be  removed,  the  discharge 
of  urine  may  be  prevented  by  exerting  a  degree 
of  compression  on  the  urethra,  by  means  of  ap- 
propriate instruments  ;  or  a  urinal  may  be  em- 
ployed to  receive  the  urine  as  it  passes  oft". 

ENVIE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  Xaevus  —  e.  de 
Vomir,  Nausea. 

EXYPXIOX,  Somnium. 

ENYSTRON,  Abomasus. 

ENZOOTIA,  Enzooty. 

ENZOOTY,.  Enzoot'ia,  (F.)  Enzootic,  from  tv, 
'in,'  and  £wov,  'animal.'  An  endemic  disease  at- 
tacking animals. 

EP,  EPH,  EPI,  £t,  t<p,  £tj,  'upon,  above;'  in 
composition,  generally  means,  'augmentation, 
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action,  repetition.' 
Hence  : 

EPACMAS'TICOS,  from  em,  and  aKpu^.  'I 
increase.'  An  epithet  applied  to  fevers,  Fehres 
epac  mas' tic  m,  whose  symptoms  go  on  augmenting 
in  violence,  from  the  commencement  to  the  ter- 
mination. Such  fevers  are,  also,  called  Epana- 
didon'tes. 

EPAGOGIUM,  Phimosis,  Prepuce. 

EPANADIPLOSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPAXALEPSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANAS'TASIS,  from  tT:avi<TTWi,  'to  cause 
to  rise  up.'  Pustule.  The  formation  of  a  tumour. 
The  breaking  out  of  an  eruption — Erup'tio  exan- 
the'matis.     A  pustule. 

EPANASTEMA,  Exanthem,  swelling. 

EPANCHEMENT,  Effusion 

EPANESIS,  Remission. 

EPANETUS.  Remittent  — e.  Hectica,  Hectic 
fever — e.  Malignus  flavus,  Fever,  yellow  —  e. 
Mitis,  Remittent  fever. 

EPANORTHOSIS,  Restauratio. 

EPANTHEMA,  Exanthem. 

EPANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EPAPHiE'RESIS,  from  tncupaiptu,  (tin,  oru, 
and  aipew,  'I  take,'  'I  take  away.'  Repeti'ta 
subla'tio  seu  evacua'tio.  A  repeated  abstraction 
or  evacuation.  It  was  formerly  used  synony- 
mously with  repeated  bloodletting ;  Phlebotom'ia 
itera'ta. — Galen. 

EPAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

EPARMA,  Tumour. 

EPARSIS,  Tumour. 

EPAULE,  Humerus. 

EPENCRANIS.  Cerebellum. 

EPENDYMA,  Membrane. 

Epen'dyma  Ventkiculo'rum,  En'dyma  sen 
Indumen'tum  ventricnlo' rum,  from  rm,  and  tvlvw, 
(tv,  and  6vu>,)  'I  enter  ;'  hence,  tntvdvpa,  '  an  upper 
garment  or  cloak.'  The  lining  membrane  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  brain,  formed  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  pia  mater,  and  probably  also  of  the  arach- 
noid. 

E PER  ON,  Hippocampus  minor — 6.  des  Ar- 
tlres,  Spur. 

EPERVIER,  Aecipiter. 

EPERVIERE  DES  MURAILLES,  Hiera- 
cium  murorum. 


EPIIEBJEON 


34  3 


EPIC  RAN  I  UM 


EPIIEB.E'OX,  EpJiihit'iini,  from  t»»,  and  'vrfn,  | 
fpubes.J    The  parts  of  generation:  also,  the  re- 
gion of  tin-  pui.es,  as  well  as  the  hair  upon  the 

[|  meant,  likewise.  I  part  of  the  ancient 
jr\  miiiisitun  iii  which  the  rhetoricians,  philoso- 
I      ■-.  ic,  disputed. 

EPHEBEUM,  Mom  veneris. 

BPHE'BIA,  Epheto'*,  Fubtrtue.  Same  ety- 
mon.    The  age  of  puberty. 

BPHEB08TNE,  Puberty. 

EPHEBOTES,  Pttherty. 

EPHE'BUS,  P«6«n«,  P«5<?r,  (F.)  PhMw, 
.  Ono  who  has  attained  the  age  of  pu- 
bcrtv. 

EPHEDRANA,  Nates. 

EPHEL'CIS,  from  cm,  and  'iAkoj,  'an  ulcer.' 
Tlie  erust  or  seal)  of  an  nicer. 

E riff:  Ll  DE  SOORBUTIQUE,  chloasma. 

EPHB'LIDBS,  from  t-<.  and  'ifXtOff,  'the  snn.' 
Epichro'aia,  Mae'ula  aola'rie,  Mae' nice fu*cop.  seu 
lentieula'ree,  Vitilig" inea,  Pkaci,  Pannut  Untieu- 
la'rix,  Lentie'ula,  Lentigo,  Ephelie   Lenti'go  sen 

/-(  sen  d  soli,  Nigre'dn  d  sole  Spilo'aia 
tphelia,  /Etta' tea,  EjffHa,  Freckles,  Sunburn, 
/'■  ,■,:■;,  kit  »,  Fantieklee,  Farntickh  », 
Femfrecklee,  Fanfecklee,  Fornpeeklee,  Freckena, 
Murfiea,  (P.)  7VicAe*  c(e  roussesr,  ffak.  This 
term  includes  not  only  the  yellow  lentiginea,  which 
appear  on  persons  of  a  fair  skin,  and  the  larger 
brown  patches,  which  also  arise  from  exposure 
to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  but  also  those  large 
dusky  patches  which  are  very  similar  in  appear- 
ance, but  occur  on  other  parts  of  the  surface. 
that  are  constantly  covered.  See  Chloasma. 
They  do  not  extend  farther  than  the  skin.  Many 
cosmetics  have  been  recommended  for  their  re- 
moval. Simple  spirituous  lotions  or  weak  mine- 
ral acids,  applied  a  few  times  in  the  day,  are  as 
effectual  as  any  other  means. 

One,  affected  with  freckles,  is  said  to  be  freckled, 
(8c.)  Fairntickled,  FerniHckled,  (Prov.)  Farn'- 
tickled,  Fan' tickled,  Fernfreekled,  Fornpeckled, 
freckened,  Murfied,  (F.)  TacKeti  de  Rouaaeura. 

BPHELIS,  see  Ephelidea  — e.  Lentigo,  Ephe- 
Hdefl — .  d  Sole,  Ephelides. 

EPHELOTES,  Leucoma. 

BPHBM'ERA,  Dia'rio,  from  em,  and  'nucgn, 
'a  day.'  That  which  continues  a  day.  This 
epithet  is  given  to  diseases,  and  particularly  to 
fevers,  which  last  only  a  day. — Febria  dia'ria  sen 
ritnplex  sen  Ephe'tnera,  Ephemerop'yra,  Febric'n- 
1a,  Ephem'eral,  Di'ary  or  Simple  Fever,  (F.) 
(phitnire.  The  term  prolonged  ephem'era 
is  sometimes  used  for  fevers,  which  cease  after 
two  or  three  days'  duration. 

Bphbmkra  Anglic  a  Pksth.kns,  Sudor  angli- 
cus — e.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Maligna, 
Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Mortifera,  Plague — e.  Pesti- 
lentialis,  Plague — e.  Sudatoria.  Sudor  Anglicus. 

EPHBMEROPYRA,  Ephemera, 

EPHEMERU8,  Quotidian. 

BPHIALTE8  HYPOCHONDRIACA,  Ineubui 
vigilantium — e.  Nooturnna,  Incubus — e.  Vigilan- 
tium.  Incubus  vigilantium. 

BPHIDRO'SBS,  (<}.)  Ephidrosen.  A  divi- 
sion of  the  family  B  k  /.  e  m  a  tose  n,  of  Fuchs, 
comprising  morbid  varieties  of  sweating. 

EPHIDBO'SIS,  from  Eire,  and  '«>„,,  '  I  sweat.' 
II  i,  Idro'aie,  Suda'tio,  Sweating,     Of  old, 

it  meant,  at  times,  a  slight  sweating,  endatiun'eu- 
l'i,  of  no  value,  and  of  bad  augury;  at  others,  a 
goo  I  and  critical  sweat,  h  has  likewise  been 
for  a  copious  sweat. 

Bphidroris  1'itori's  \,  E.  apontn'nea  sen  idio- 
patk'iea,  Hvdropede'eie,  Exauda'tio,  Eruda'tio, 
Huperephidro'eie,  Hifperhydro'ait,  Hydrorrka  '<i, 
Hidropede'aia,  (P.)  Flux  de  Sueur.  An  excessive 
sweating.     A  colliquative  sweat.     Such   copious 


perspirations  are  generally  owing  to  debility  of 
the    exheiants,  and   require   the   use   of  tonics, 
especially  of  the  mineral  acids,  opium,  Ac. 
Bphidrosib,    DesttdatiO' — a.    Crnenta,    Sudor 

cruentus — e.  Saeeharata.  Sudor  dulcis. 

BPHIPPIUM,  Sella  Turcica. 

EPH'ODOS,  from  cm,  and  'otos,  'a  wny,'  'a 
road  or  avenue  to  a  place.'  Hippocrates  BSCS 
this  word  in  three  senses:  1.  For  the  vessels  or 
canals,  which  give  passage   to   the  excrements  of 

the  body.    2.  For  ■  periodical  attach  or  accession 

of  fever:  and  '.).  For  the  approach  of  similar  or 
dissimilar  tilings  which  may  be  useful  or  hurtful 
to  the  body. — CastellL 

BP II '11  ATA  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Lan- 
caster County,  Pennsylvania.  The  water  is  pure; 
and  facilities  are  afforded  for  bathing — warm  and 
cold. 

El'T,  Spiea. 

EPI'ALOS,  Hep? aloe,  Quer'cera,  Quer' quern. 
\  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  fever,  when  the 
bot  stage  was  mingled  with  irregular  chills.  Also, 
the  cohl  Btage  of  fever. 

EPIALTE8,  Incubus. 

E  PI  A  MA.  Lenitive. 

EPIAN,  Framboeeia. 

1.  PIP.  Pi;  MA.  Catablenuk 

EPIBOLE,  Incubus. 

EPIOANTHIS,  Canthus. 

Ei'ican'tims,  from  em,  and  KavOos,  'the  angle 
of  the  eye.'  A  defective  formation,  in  which  a 
fold  of  skin  passes  from  the  root  of  the  nose  over 
the  inner  canthus  of  the  eye. 

EPICARTIl'M.  /'m'car'pi'um,  from  em,  and 
KapTTos,  'the  wrist.'  An  application  made  to  the 
wrists,  or  to  the  region  of  the  pulse,  was  so  called. 

EPICAUMA,  Encauma. 

EPICAUSIS,  Encauma. 

EPICERASTICA,  Emollients. 

EPICHOLOS,  Bilious. 

EPICIIORDIS.  Mesentery. 

EPICHORION,  Decidua. 

EPICIIORIUM,  Epidermis. 

EPICHRISIS,  Inunctio. 

EPICIIRO'SIS,  Spilo'sia,  from  em,  and  xpupa, 
'colour.'  Simple  discoloration  of  the  surface. — 
Good.     Ephelides. 

EncBROSis  Spilt,  see  Naevus. 

EPICHY8I8,  Affusion. 

EPrCCELTDES,  Cilia,  Palpebra  (superior.) 

EPICCE'MASIS,  from  cmKoinnotxni,  (cm,  and 
Koinaoftat,  'to  lie  down  to  rest,'  'to  sleep.')  De- 
cu'bitua  ad  dormien'dum  ct  Dormit"lo.  The  po- 
sition of  sleeping,  as  well  as  sleeping  itself, 

EPICOL'IC,  from  cm,  and  koj\ov,  'the  colon.' 
The  epicolic  regions,  regio'nez  epicoVicm,  are 
those  parts  of  the  abdomen  which  correspond  to 
the  colon. 

EPICOLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

EPICON'DYLE,  Epicon'dylue,  from  cm.  and 
KOfouAoj,  'a  condyle.'  A  name  given,  by  Cbaus- 
sier,  to  an  eminence  at  the  outer  part  of  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  os  humeri:  so  called,  be- 
cause it  is  seated  above  the  condyle.  The  epi- 
eondyle  gives  attachment  to  the  outer  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow  joint,  and  to  a  very  strong 
tendon  to  which  several  of  the  muscles  of  the 
posterior  part  of  the  forearm  are  attached. 

EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS.seeAnconeus— 

e.  Radial,  Supinator  radii  brevis  —  r.  Site-mtta- 
oarpien,  see  Radialis  —  e.  Sua-phalangettien  com* 
nnin.  Extensor  digitorum  oommunis—  s.  Sua-pha- 
langettien du petit  doigt,  Extensor proprius  minimi 
digiti. 

BPIOOPHO'818,  fronts**,  and  *u>./>uwri?.  '  desf- 
i  ness.'     Denfness  supervening  on  another  disease. 

BPICRA'NIUM,  from  m,   and  tpaviov,  'the 

cranium.'     A  name  given  to  different  parti 
I  on  the  cranium.     The  skin,  aponeurosis  between 


EPICRANIUS 


8  44 


EPIGASTRIC 


the  occipital  and  frontal  muscles,  and  the  whole 
of  the  scalp,  have  been  so  called.  Portal  in- 
cludes under  this  name  the  occipito-frontalis 
muscle,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  superior  and  ante- 
rior auricular  muscles.     The  pericranium. 

EPICRANIUS,  Occipito-frontalis. 

EPICUA'SIS,  Cuntempera'tio,  from  £7rt/a:pavvi>- 
fii,  (€77i,  and  Kcpavwfii,  'I  mix,')  '  I  temper.'  A 
J i-rin  used  by  the  humourists  for  an  amelioration 
of  the  humours.  They  called  Cure  by  Epicrasis 
—per  epicrasin,  a  mode  of  treatment  by  imagined 
alteratives,  which  they  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  the  power  of  gradually  correcting  the  vitiated 
humours. 

EPICROUSIS,  Percussion. 

EPICTENIUM,  Pubes. 

EPICTETI  MORBI,  Acquired  diseases. 

EPICYEMA,  Superfcetation. 

EPICYESIS,  Superfcetation. 

EPICYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

EPIDEISIS,  Deligation. 

EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'mius,  Epidem'icxis,  (F.) 
Epidemique.  Same  etymon  as  Epidemy.  Ap- 
pertaining to  an  epidemy.     An  epidemy. 

Epidemic  Constitution,  Epidemy — e.  Disease, 
Epidemy — e.  Influence,  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMWITE,  see  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMICUS,  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMIC- (P  RAPHY,  Epidemiograph'ia, 
from  cm,  '  upon,'  &mio$,  'the  people,'  and  ypcapn, 
*  a  description.'  A  history  or  description  of 
epidemics. 

E  P I  D  E  M 1 0  L'O  G  Y,  Epidemiolog"ia,  from 
epidemy,  and  Xoyog,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  epidemics. 

EPIDEMIQUE,  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMIUS,  Epidemy. 

EP'IDEMY,  Epidem'ic,  Epide'mia,  3forbu8 
pub'licus  seu  popula'ris  seu  epidem'icua  seu  epi- 
de'mius, Epidem'ic  disease,  E.  influence,  E.  con- 
stitution ;  from  cm,  and  Srjpog,  'the  people.'  (F.) 
Epidemic  A  disease  which  attacks  at  the  same 
time  a  number  of  individuals,  and  which  is  re- 
ferred to  some  particular  constitutio  aeris,  or 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  with  which  we  are 
utterly  ignorant.  It  differs  from  endemic,  the 
latter  being  owing  to  locality;  but  it  is  obvious, 
that  should  a  particular  epidemic  consitution  of 
the  air  —  epidemic"ity,  (F.)  epidemicite —  exist 
along  with  a  favouring  endemic  condition,  these 
combined  influences  may  act  in  the  causation  of 
several  of  those  serious  and  fatal  complaints, 
which  at  times  visit  a  district,  and  are  never 
afterwards  met  with,  or  at  least  not  until  after 
she  lapse  of  a  considerable  period. 

EPIDENDRUM  VANILLA,  see  Vanilla. 

EPID'ERIS,  Epider'rhis,  Epider'rhion,  Hy- 
pod'eris,  Hypoder'mis,  Hypoder'rhis,  from  tin, 
and  6cf>as,  'a  skin.'  This  word,  with  some,  means 
the  nymphse  ;  with  others,  the  clitoris;  with 
others,  again,  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris. 

EPIDERMA,  Epidermis. 

EPIDERMATIS,  Epidermis. 

EPIDER'MIC,  Epiderm'icus,Epiderm'al,  Epi- 
dcrma'lis,  (F.)  Epidermique :  same  etymon  as 
epidermis.     Belonging  to  the  epidermis, — as 

EPIDERMIC  CELLS,  see  Cell,  epidermic. 

EPIDERMIDON'OSI,  Epidermidonu'si,  from 
£77 1 6  £  puts,  '  epidermis,'  and  vo<ro$,  l  disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  epidermis. 

EPIDERMION,  Epidermis. 

EPIDER'MIS,  Epider'mion,  Epider'matis, 
Epider'ma,  Epicho'rium,  Sum' mitas  cutis,  Cutic'- 
vla,  C.  ex'tima  seu  extre'ma,  Cutis  extima  seu 
summa  seu  ul'tima,  Pellis  summa,  Pellic'ula  sum- 
ma  seu  supe'rior,  Lam'ina  prima  cutis,  Opercu- 
lum cutis,  from  cm,  '  upon/  and  fcpua,  '  the  true 


skin.'  Scarf-skin,  Cuticle.  (F.)  Surpeau,  Cuticule. 
A  transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane,  devoid  of' 
nerves  and  vessels,  which  covers  all  the  surface 
of  the  body,  except  the  parts  that  correspond  to 
the  nails.  It  appears  to  consist  of  minute  scales, 
placed  one  above  the  other.  Chaussier  considers 
it  to  be  formed  and  reproduced  by  an  excretory 
action  of  the  true  skin  ;  to  act  like  a  dry  varnish, 
which  prevents  the  immediate  contact  of  bodies 
with  the  nervous  papillae,  and  consequently  to 
deaden  tactile  impressions,  which,  without  its  in- 
tervention, might  be  painful.  The  Epid> r'mic, 
Epider' meous,  or  Epidermoid  (as  Bichat  called 
it)  System,  in  general  anatomy,  comprises  three 
parts.  1.  External  Epidermis.  2.  Epidermis 
spread  over  the  mucous  membranes.  3.  The 
Nails  and  Hair. 

Epidermis  Lingua,  see  Tongue. 

EPIDERMOID,  Epidermo'i'des,  from  epider- 
mis, and  a<5oj,  '  resemblance.'  Resembling  the 
epidermis. 

EPIDERRHION,  Epideris. 

EPIDERRHIS,  Epideris. 

EPIDERRHITIS,  Nymphitis. 

EPIDESIS,  see  Bandage — e.  Haemostasia,  Li- 
gature. 

EPIDESMIS,  Epidesmus. 

EPIDESMUM,  Epidesmus. 

EPIDES'MUS,  Epides'mis,Epidcs'mum,Super- 
liga'men,  from  cm,  and  Sew,  '  I  bind.'  A  fascia, 
bandage  or  ligature,  by  which  dressings  are  se- 
cured.— Hippocrates. 

EPIDID'YMIS,  from  cm,  'upon,' and  di&vpos, 
'a  testicle.'  Epidid'ymns,  Did' y mis.  Paras' tata, 
Testic'ulus  accesso'rius,  Caput  testis,  Corpus  vari- 
co'sum  seu  varicifor'me  testis,  Supergemina' lis, 
(F.)  Corpus  variqueux  ou  varici forme.  That  which 
is  placed  upon  the  testicle.  A  small,  oblong,  ver- 
miform, grayish  body,  lying  along  the  superior 
margin  of  the  testicle.  The  Epididymis  is  a 
canal  formed  by  the  union  of  all  the  seminiferous 
vessels  folded  several  times  upon  themselves, 
after  having  traversed  the  Corpus  Highmoria'- 
nnm.  Its  lower  portion  or  tail,  Cauda  seu  globus 
seu  caput  minor,  is  curved  upwards,  and  is  con- 
tinuous with  the  vas  deferens  :  the  opposite  ex- 
tremity is  called  the  head,  globus  seu  caput  major. 
The  length  of  this  canal,  folded  as  it  is  upon  it- 
self and  describing  numerous  curvatures,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Munro,  32  feet. 

EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis  —  e.  Blennor- 
rhagic,  Hernia  humoralis. 

EPID'OSIS,  from  cm,  'upon,'  and  <Ww/u,  'to 
give.'  Augmentation,  increase.  A  word  applied 
to  the  natural  increase  of  the  body,  or  to  the  in- 
crease of  a  disease. 

EPID'ROME,  Epidmm'ia,  Epiph'ora,  from 
cmbptpw,  (cm,  and  Spcuw,  'I  run/)' I  run  upon.' 
An  afflux  or  congestion  of  humours. — Galen. 

EPIDROMIA,  Epidrome. 

EPIFAGUS  AMERICANUS,  Orobanche  Vir- 
giniana — e.  Virginianus,  Orobanche  Yirg-iniana. 

EPIGiE'A  (properly  EPIGE'A)  REPENS, 
(cm,  'upon/  and  yrj,  'the  earth/  from  its  trailing 
growth.  )  Trailing  Ar'butus,  Ground  Laurel, 
Mayflower,  called,  by  the  Shakers,  G rare/ plant. 
A  small,  trailing  plant,  of  the  Family  Ericaceae, 
which  grows  in  sandy  woods,  or  in  rocky  soil, 
especially  in  the  shade  of  pines.  Its  flowers 
appear  in  early  spring,  and  exhale  a  rich,  spicy 
fragrance.  The  leaves  and  stems  are  prepared 
and  used  like  uva  ursi. 

EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from  epigastrium,  and 
aXyos,  'pain.'     Pain  at  the  epigastrium. 

EPIGAS'TRIC,  Epigas'tricns,  Epigas'trius, 
from  cm,  'upon/  and  yaerrip,  '  the  stomach.'  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Epigastric  Ar'tery,  Arie'ria  epigns'trica, 
Artere  sus-pubienne,    (Ch.)      It  arises   from  the 


EPIGASTRICUS 


8  1  5 


EPILEPSY 


ertrnurf  Hinc,  on  a  level  with  the  crural  arch  : 
sometimes  by  a  trunk  proper  to  it.  at  others  by 
one  common  to  it  and  the  Obturator  artery.  It 
MCendfl  upwards  and  inwards,  behind  the  spcr- 
ni.itic  cord,  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the  rectus 
abdominis  muscle,  and  anastomoses,  towards  the 
umbilicus  with  the  internal  mammary.  The 
epigastric  artery  anastomoses,  also,  with  the  ob- 
turator, spermatic,  lumbar,  and  intercostal  ves- 

BPIOASTRIC  RECKON,  Regio  epigas'trica  seu  car- 
di'aca  sen  ttdmaeh'iea  seu  atomaeka'lie,  is  the 
superior  region  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  be- 
tween the  false  ribs  on  each  side,  and  extending 
from  the  lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  to  two 
fingers'  breadth  above  the  nmbilicus.  It  is 
divided  into  three  parts,  one  middle,  the  epigas'- 
(liitm, — and  two  lateral,  the  bypaehon'dria, 

EpIOARTRIC  Vkin  follows  nearly  the  same  course 
as  the  artery. 

EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 
BPIGAS'TRIUM.    .Same  etymon.    The  belly; 
the  epigastric  region. 

EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 
E  PIG  A  ST  ROCE'LE,  from  en,  yacTtjp,  '  the  sto- 
mach,' and  K>i\n,  '  »  tumour.'  Hernia,  formed  by 
the  stomach  ;  (iat'troce'le.  This  name  has  been 
given  more  especially  to  hernia,  which  occurs  to- 
wards the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba  or  in  the 
epigastric  region,  whether  formed  or  not  by  the 
stomach. 

EPIGEA.  Epigaea. 
EPIGENEMA,  Epigenesis. 
EPIGEX'ESIS,  from  en,  and  yevcais,  'genera- 
tion.' A  theory  of  conception,  according  to  which 
the  new  being  is  created  entirely  anew  ;  and  re- 
ceives at  once  from  each  parent  the  materials 
necessary  for  its  formation.  Also,  a  new  forma- 
tion. 

Efir.K.NF.sis,  as  well  as  Epigene'ma,  or  Epigen- 
me'tma,  is,  also,  applied  to  any  symptom  occurring 
during  a  disease,  without  changing  its  nature. 
An  accessory  symptom.  Epiginotn'etUM,  Super- 
ve'iiiai*.  has  a  similar  acceptation. 
EPIGINOMENOS,  see  Epigenesis. 
EPIGLOTTIC,  Epiglot'ticus :  same  etymon 
as  Epiglottis.     Relating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottic  Gland,  Periglot'tie,  Caro  glandu- 
fb'ta.  A  collection  of  small,  glandular  granula, 
situate  in  the  adipose,  areolar  texture  at  the 
base  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  epiglottis,  in  a 
triangular  space,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  thy- 
rohyoid membrane  and  thyroid  cartilage.  It 
poors  out  an  unctuous  and  mucous  fluid,  which 
lubricates  the  epiglottis,  keeps  it  supple  and 
movable,  ami  prevents  the  larynx  from  being 
irritated  by  the  constant  passage  of  the  air,  in 
tic  act  of  respiration. 

EPIGLOT'TIS,  from  en,  and  yXwrrjy,  'theglot- 
Epiglot'tic  cartilage,  Lig'ula,  Operculum 
laryn'git,  Lingua  Ex'igiia,  Lin'gnla  fie'ttdoh  Sub- 
lin'guum,  Superlig'ula.  A  Hbro-cartilage,  situate 
nt  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx,  behind  the  base 
of  the  tone-iic.  Its  form  is  oval  ;  texture  clastic; 
thickness  greater  below  than  above,  and  greater 
in  the  middle  than  at  the  sides.  P»y  its  smaller 
extremity,  which  is  the  lower,  it  is  attached  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage;  its  two  surfaces  are  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx   ami 

larynx.  The  Bpecial  use  of  the  epiglottis  would 
seem  to  lie  to  cover  the  glottis  accurately  at  the 
moment  of  deglutition,  and,  thus,  to  assist  in  op- 
posing the  passage  of  alimentary  substances  into 
the  air  to 

EPIGLOTTITIS,  hijlamwa'tio  Epiglot'tidit, 
Augi'na  epiglottide'a,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  I'Epi- 
gl'.n,-.     Inflammation  of  the  epiglottis. 

EPIULOT'TUM.     An  instrument,  mentioned 


by  Paracelsus,  for  raising  the  eyelids.  It  resem- 
bled the  epiglottis  in  .-hape. 

EPIGLOU'TIS,  from  trri.aiid  j  \o\  rof,  '  the  but- 
tock.-.' The  superior  region  of  the  nates. — 
GorrsBoa. 

EPIGNA'THUS,  from  en,  'upon,'  and  ^ntOoc, 
'the  jaw.'  A  double  monster,  in  which  an  incom- 
plete foetOS  is  rooted,  with  its  blood  vessels  in  the 
palate  of  one  more  complete. 

EPIG'ONE,  Ouni,  Hypophoria,  Progen'i*ts 
Prole*,  Sub'oleti,  8ub'ole»,  from  cm,  and^  yovij, 
'  sperm.'  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also,  Superlac- 
tation. 

EPIGONION,  Foetus. 

EPIGONIS,  Patella. 

EPIGONON,  Superlactation. 

EPIG0UNI6,   Patella. 
EPIGUNIS,   Patella. 
E/'ILA  TO/RE.  Depilatory. 
EPILATORIUM.  Depilatory. 

EPILEMPSIS,  Epilepsy. 

EPILENTIA,  Epilepsy. 

EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy  —  e.  Acuta  Infantum, 
Eclampsia  —  e.  Algetica,  see  Algos  —  e.  Febrilis 
infantum,  Eclampsia — e.  Nocturna,  Incubus — e. 
Puerilis,  Eclampsia  infantum — e.  Saltatoria,  Cho- 
rea— e.  Uterina,  Lorind  matricis. 

EPILEPSIES,  Epilepsy — e.  Uterine,  Hysteria 
— e.   Vertige,  see  Epilepsia. 

EP'ILEPSY,  'lepv  vov<rus,  oe\i]vaia  vovcrog,  Epi- 
lep'nia,  Epilep'rie,  Epilemp*ri»,  Epilen'tia,  Syt- 
pa'eia  Epilepria,  Oatalen'tia,  Deciden'tia,  1'as'nio 
cadi'va,  Jfcracle'its  morbua,  Hieran'oeva,  Depre- 
hen'8io,  C/ona8  epilepsia,  Prehen'aio,  Perdit"io, 
Epilep'tiea  pae'aio.  Morbus  eomit"iaiia  seu  cadvf- 
|!  cits  seu  Ilercule'tts  seu  saver  sen  antra' lis  seu 
tidera'tua  seu  dcrmoni'acus  seu  Sancti  Jokan'nit 
seu  f<rdii8  seu  pueri'lis  seu  magnua  seu  major  seu 
inter lu'niue  seu  divi'nus  seu  dcenio'nius  seu  »«»'- 
(tens  seu  seleiti'acus  seu  liniat' icus  seu  menea'li* 
seu  deif'iciiH  seu  srclex'tiin  seu  vitriola'tue  sen 
viridel'lua  seu  Sancti  Valenti'ni,  Malum  cadu'- 
cum,  Analep'sia,  Catapto'ria,  Jnna'nia  eadi'va, 
Apoplex'ia  parva,  Cadu'ca  pas'sio,  Lite*  diri'na, 
Yit'iiim  cadu'eum  seu  divi'num  sen  Hcreule'um-, 
Falling  sicibteM,  Falling-down,  (Old  E.)  Falland- 
evyl,  (F.)  Mai  caduc  ou  divin  on  Saint-Jean  »u 
de  Terre,  Hautmal,  Cfoutte  caduque.  The  word 
is  derived  from  enXapliavu),  'future,'  en\r,\p(i), 
(ezi,  and  \aplinvu,  'I  seize,')  'I  seize  upon.'  It  ig 
a  disease  of  the  brain,  which  may  either  be  idio- 
pathic or  symptomatic,  spontaneous  or  accidental, 
and  which  occurs  in  paroxysms,  with  uncertain 
intervals  between.  These  paroxysms  are  cha- 
racterized by  loss  of  consciousness  and  by  con- 
vulsive motions  of  the  muscles.  Frequently,  the 
fit  attacks  suddenly;  at  other  times,  it  is  pre- 
ceded by  indisposition,  vertigo,  and  stupor.  At 
times,  before  the  loss  of  consciousness  occurs,  a 
sensation  of  a  cold  vapour  is  felt,  hence  called 
aura  epilep'tiea.  This  appears  to  rise  in  BOme 
part  of  the  body,  proceeds  towards  the  head; 
and  as  soon  as  it  has  reached  the  brain  the 
patient  fails  down.      The    ordinary  duration    of  ,; 

fit  is  from  5  to  20  minutes.     Sometimes  it  goes 

off  in  a  few  seconds;  at  others,  it  is  protracted 
for  hours.  In  all  cases,  then'  is  a  loss  of  sensa- 
tion, sudden  falling  down,  distortion  of  the  eyes 
and  face:  countenance  of  a  red,  purple  or  violet 
(•(dour;  grinding  of  the  teeth;  foaming  at  the 
mouth;  convulsions  of  the  limbs;  difficult  respi- 
ra'ion,  generally  stertorous;  with.  Bometimes.in- 
voluntary  discharge  of  faeces  a. id  urine.  After 
the  lit,  the  patient  retains  not  the  least  recol- 
lection of  what  has  parsed,  but  remains,  tor 
some  time,  affected  with  head-acb,  stupor,  and 
lassitude. 
1      The  disease  is  in  the  brain,  and  is  generally 


EPILEPTIC 


346 


EPIPHYTE 


organic;  but  it  may  be  functional  and  sympto- 
matic of  irritation  in  other  parts,  as  in  the  sto- 
mach, bowels,  <fcc.  The  prognosis,  as  to  ultimate 
recovery,  is  unfavourable.  It  does  not,  however, 
frequently  destroy  life,  but  is  apt  to  lead  to  men- 
tal imbecility.  Dissection  has  not  thrown  light 
on  its  pathology. 

To  the  attacks  of  epilepsy  which  are  unaccom- 
panied by  convulsions,  as  is  sometimes  the  case, 
the  French  give  the  name  Petit-mal,  and  Epi-  j 
lepsie  Vertfge,  Cer'ebral  Epilepsy.  Fully  formed 
epilepsy  is  the  Graud-mal  of  the  French,  Spinal 
Epilepsy.  When  furious  mania  succeeds  to  a 
paroxysm,  it  is  termed  Mania  epileptica  and 
Epileptic  Delirium. 

In  the  treatment,  the  cause  must  be  sought 
after,  and  if  possible  removed.  In  the  paroxysm, 
but  little  can  be  done,  but  as  the  tongue  is  liable 
to  be  injured  by  the  teeth,  the  jaws  may  be  kept 
open  by  putting  a  cork  or  piece  of  wood  between 
them.  If  the  fit  has  been  brought  on  by  indi- 
gestible food,  the  stomach  must  be  cleared.  It 
is  between  the  paroxysms  that  the  great  effort 
must  be  made.  Generally,  there  is  considerable 
irritability  and  debility  of  the  nervous  system, 
and  hence  tonics  have  been  found  the  best  reme- 
dies. Of  these,  perhaps  the  most  powerful,  in 
epilepsy,  is  the  argenti  nitras,  given  regularly 
and  continued  for  months,  if  necessary.  Prepa- 
rations of  iron,  copper,  and  zinc,  have  also  been 
used,  and  vegetable  tonics  and  antispasmodics  in 
general.  Counter  irritants,  as  blisters,  moxa, 
&c,  may  be  employed,  if  necessary,  along  with 
this  course. 

Unfortunately,  in  many  cases,  these  means  are 
found  insufficient,  and  all  that  can  be  done  is  to 
palliate,  removing  carefully  the  exciting  causes ; 
such  as  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors,  strong  emo- 
tions, violent  exercise,  &c;  and  regulating  the 
diet. 

Epilepsy,  Cerebral,  see  Epilepsy — e.  Spinal, 
see  Epilepsy. 

EPILEP'TIC,  Epilep'ticus,  Epilep'tus,  Lunat'- 
tens,  Cadu'cans ;  same  etymon.  One  affected 
with  epilepsy.  Any  thing  relating  to  epilepsy ; 
as  an  epilep'tic  individual ;  an  epilep'tic  symp- 
tom. Some  authors  also  speak  of  epileptic  reme- 
dies. 

EPILEP'TOID,  Epileptoi'des;  same  etymon. 
Resembling  epilepsy — as  'epileptoid  symptoms.' 

EPILO'BIUM  AXGUSTIFO'LIUM,  (from 
em,  \o(3ov,  and  iov,  'a  violet  on  a  pod,')  Great  Willow 
herb.  An  indigenous  plant,  Order,  Onagraceae, 
which  flowers  in  July.  The  root  is  emollient  and 
slightly  astringent. 

Epilobium  Colora'tum,  Purple-veined  Willow 
herb,  has  similar  properties. 

Epilobium  Villo'sum,  a  South  African  plant, 
is  used  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  a  domestic 
remedy  for  cleansing  foul  ulcers. 

EPIM'AXES,  from  emfiaivo/xai,  (em,  and  fiaivo- 
fiai,  'I  am  in  a  rage  at.')  A  name  given  to  a  ma- 
niac when  in  a  paroxysm. 

EPIMELE'TAI,  from  e-ifieXeofiai,  (em,  and 
/uXo),  'I  take  care,')  'I  take  care  of.'  A  name  by 
which  the  ancient  Persians  called  the  curers  of 
wounds,  who  followed  their  armies. 

EPIMOK/IOS,  'unequal;'  from  em,  and  fieipw, 
'1  divide.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse  when 
unequal. — Galen. 

EPINARD,  Spinacia — e.  Sauvage,  Chenopo- 
dium  bonus  Henricus. 

EPIXE,  Spine  — e.  de  Cerf,  Rhamnus  —  £.  du 
Dos,  Vertebral  column — e.  Gutturale,  Nasal  spine, 
inferior  and  posterior — e.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoi- 
dal spine — e.   Vinette,  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

EPINEMESIS,  Dispensation. 


EPIXEPH'ELOS,  Xubilo'sus.  Presenting  a 
cloud.     Applied  to  the  urine. — Hippocrates. 

EPIXEUX,  Spinous  —  e.  du  Dos,  grand,  Spi- 
nalis dorsi  major:  see  Interspinals  dorsi  et  luin- 
borum  —  e.  du  Dos,  petit,  see  Interspinals  dorsi 
et  lumborum. 

EPIXGLE,  Pin. 

EPIXIERE,  Spinal. 

EPINOTIOX,  Scapula. 

EPINYC'TIDES,  from  em,  and  v„f  mktos, 
'the  night.'  Eruptions  which  appear  on  the  skin 
in  the  night,  and  disappear  in  the  day.  Pus'tula 
livens  et  noc'tibus  inquie'tans. — Pliny. 

EPINYCTIS  PRURIGIXOSA,  Urticaria. 

EPIOXE,  Decidua. 

EPIPAROXYS'MUS.  A  paroxysm  super- 
added to  an  ordinary  paroxysm. 

EPIPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPIPE'CHU,  emmj^v,  from  em,  and  w^us, 
'the  elbow.'  The  upper  part  of  the  elbow.  The 
part  above  the  elbow. — Gorraeus. 

EPIPEPHYCOS,  Conjunctiva. 

EPIPH.EXOM'ENOX,  Post  appa'rens,  Epi- 
phenom'enon ;  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Any 
kind  of  adventitious  symptom  which  occurs 
during  the  progress  of  an  affection  ;  and  which 
is  not  as  intimately  connected  with  the  existence 
of  the  disease  as  the  symptoms  properly  so  called. 

EPIPHA'XIA,  from  em,  and  <paivu,  'I  exhi- 
bit.' The  external  appearance  of  the  body. — 
Castelli. 

EPIPHEGUS  VIRGIXIAXA,  Orobanche 
Virginian  a. 

EPIPHEXOMEXOX,  Epiphsenomenon. 

EPIPH'LEBUS,  from  em,  and  <p\eip,  <ple[Sos, 
'a  vein.'  An  epithet  given  to  those  whose  veins 
are  verv  apparent. — Hippoc,  Areta?us. 

EPIPHLEGIA,  Inflammation. 

EPIPHLOGISMA,    Erysipelatous    inflamma- 
tion. 
•   EPIPHLOGOSIS,  Hyperphlogosis. 

EPIPH'ORA,  Dacryno'ma,  Lacryma'tio,  De- 
lacryma'tio,  Illacryma'tio,  Stillicid'ium  lacryma'- 
rum,  Oc'ulu8  lae'rymans ;  from  emQepw,  (em,  and 
<pepw,)  'I  carry  to.'  Weeping.  (F.)  Lannoiement. 
The  icatery  eye;  —  an  involuntary  and  constant 
flow  of  tears  upon  the  cheek.  It  is  almost  always 
symptomatic  of  some  disease  of  the  lachrymal 
passages,  and  occurs  when  the  tears  cannot  pass 
into  the  ductus  ad  nasum.  Occasionally,  it  is 
owing  to  the  tears  being  secreted  in  too  great 
quantity;  as  in  certain  eases  of  ophthalmia.  The 
treatment  must  of  course  be  directed  to  the  re- 
moval of  the  cause. 

Epiphora,  Epidrome,  Ophthalmia  —  e.  Alvi, 
Diarrhoea — e.  Ptyalismus,  Salivation. 

EPIPHYMATA,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

EPIPH'YSIS,  Additamen'tum,  fretn  em,  and 
<f>v<a,  'I  arise.'  Any  portion  of  a  bone,  separated 
from  the  body  of  the  bone  by  a  cartilage,  which 
becomes  converted  into  bone  by  age.  The  epi- 
physis of  the  foetus  becomes  the  apophysis  of  the 
adult. 

Epiphysis  Cruris  Loxgioris  Ixcudis,  Os  or- 
biculare. 

EF'IVKYTE,  Epiph'yton,  (pi.  Epiph'yta.)  from 
em,  and  (pvrov,  'a  plant.'  Phyto-parasite.  A 
parasite  derived  from  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
Epiphytes  are  divided  by  Vogel  into,  1.  Vegeta- 
tions in  the  human  fluids,  as  the  tor'ula  cereris'ice 
in  vomited  fluids,  and  faecal  evacuations,  and  the 
sar'cina  yentric'uli.  2.  Vegetations  on  the  ex- 
ternal skin  and  its  appendages,  as  in  tinea  favosa, 
mentagra,  herpes  tonsurans  and  plica  polonica ; 
and,  3.  Vegetations  on  the  mucous  membrane, — 
as  in  the  aphthaa  of  children  ;  in  the  cicatrices  of 
the  mucous  membrane  after  typhus,  &c.  By 
some,  the  term  epiphytes  is  restricted  to  those 


EPIPLASMA 


34' 


EPISIONCUS 


vegetable  parasites  which  grow  on  tho  surface  of 
the  body. 

BPIPLAS'MA,  from  crtr\aocw, (cm,  and  z\aaau>, 
*I  smear.')  'I  plaster.'  Cataplasm.  Qalen  uses 
lially  for  u  application  of  wheateo  flour, 
boiled  in  hgdrelaum,  and  applied  to  irouada. 

EPIPLE'GIA,  from  m,  and  rA;,y,,,  *a  stroke.' 
Paralysis  of  the  upper  extremities. 

BPIPLBRO'SIS,  from  in,  and  tAmoti*  're- 
pletion.'    Bxeessire  repletion  ;  distension. 

BPIPTiOCE,  from  etc,  and  z\tKu>,  'I  twine.' 
Coit'mn.     Entanglement 

K  i  •  1 1  • '  i  ■"  i:  Imi  mi\\m<,  Conglomeret'tio  in- 
tat ino' rum.     Conglomeration  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLOCETjE,  from  epiploon,  and  r«Xf,  'tu- 
mour.' Epip'loic  her'nia,  Zirba'lie  hernia,  //</•- 
fiiVi  omenta'lit,  Omental  hernia,  |  F.  I  Hi  rule  </< 
Vfpiploon.     Omental  hernia  is  recognised  —  bnt  at 

tiiiu's  with  difficulty  —  by  a  soft,  unequal,  pasty 

tumour,  in  which  no  gurgling  sound  is  heard  on 
pressing  ot  reducing  it.  It  is  less  dangerous  than 
hernia  of  the  intestines. 

BPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  tv- 
TtM  i.  '  intestine,'  and  njA?,  'tumour.'  Hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon  and  a  portion  of  intes- 
tine. It  is  more  commonly  called  En'teru-epi- 
ploce'li, 

BPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiplo- 
■hoce'le,  from  epiploon,  evrtpov,  'intestine,' 
oaxcov,  'scrotum,'  and  07X9,  'rupture.'  Hernia 
with  omentum  and  intestine  in  the  scrotum. 

EPIP'LOIC,  Epiplo'icm.  Relating  to  the 
epiploon. 

Epiploic  Appendages,  Appendiculae  pingue- 

dil)o>;o. 

Epiploic  Ar'teries;  Arte' rice  Epiplo'ica. 
The  arterial  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  epiploon,  and  which  are  given  off  by  the  gas- 
ftro-epiploieas,  _ 

EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LK,  from  epiploon,  tax'- 
01,  'the  ischium,'  and  KrjXrj,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia 
formed  by  the  epiploon  through  the  ischiatic 
uoteh. 

EPIPLOI'TIS,  from  epiploon,  and  to'*,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  omen- 
tum :  ( ' )m>  uti'tia,  Empresmn  peritonitis  omenta? lit, 
Omenfi  injlummn'tio,  Enteri'ti*  epiplo'i'tia,  Omen- 
te'>>i*.     A  form  of  partial  peritonitis. 

EPTPLOMEROCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  ^pof, 
'the  thigh.'  and  kijXtj,  'a  tumour.'  Femoral  her- 
nia, formed  by  the  epiploon. 

BP1  PU  ►MP  1 1 A  LOCELB,  Epiplomphalon. 

BPIPLOM'PH  \LOX,  Epipiobm'phalon,  Epi- 
plomphaJnee'li,  Hernia  umbiHea'lie,  from  epi- 
ploon, and  op<pa\o<;,  '  the  navel.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon. 

BPIPLOM'PHRASIS,  from  epiploon,  and  tn- 
$pacow,  'i  obstruct.'    [nduration  of  the  epiploon. 

BPIPLOOCOMIS'TES,  from  epiploon,  and 
iconifa.  '  I  carry.'  One  who  has  the  omentum 
morbidly  large.     Also,  one  labouring  under  epi- 

! 

El'I  P'LOOX,  Epip'/oum,  from  trri,  'above.' and 
rXtw,  'I  BWim  or  float.'  Omen' turn,  Reti,  lietic'- 
uiiim  •  1>>  rtron  ;  Zirbue,  Gan' garni,  Oangantum, 
Operimen'tum  intestino'rum,  Saeetu  epiploxeue, 
Sage'na,  The  ('mil.  (Prov.)  Flick,  Web.  A  pro- 
longation  of  the  peritoneum,  wbioh  floats  above 
a  portion  of  the  intestines,  and  is  formed  of  two 
membranous  layers,  with  reasels  and  fatty  bands 
distributed  through  it.  Anatomists  have  de- 
scribed  several  epiploons.  The  use-;  of  the  omen- 
tum are  fuit  little  known.  The  chief  one  seems 
to  be,  to  retain  the  viscera  1*11  situ,  and  to  give 
pa*sag< 

Epiploon,  Colic,  Colic  Omon'tum,  Omentum 
eo'/iritm.  Third  Epiploon  or  Omentum,  la  a  dupli- 
cators of  the  peritoneum,  situate   along   the   as- 


cending portion  of  the  colon,  as  far  as  its  junc- 
tion with  the  transversa  portion,  It  is  behind 
the  great  epiploon,  and  tills  np  the  angle  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  ascending  with  the  trans- 
feree colon.  Its  two  laminSB  are  separated  by 
colic  arteries  and  veins. 

EPIPLOON,  QaSTBO-CoLIC,  Great  Omentum, 
Omentum  gustro-co'lieum  sen  mnjns,   Peritonei' um 

duplica'tum,  Reti  majua,  Zirbue  adipi'nue,  con- 
lists  of  an  extensive  duplicator e,  whieh  is  free 

and  floating  on  the  folds  of  the   intestines.      It   is 

quadrilateral,  and  longer  on  the  left  side  than  on 

the  right:  —  its    base    being  fixed,   anteriorly,  to 

the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach;  and.  poste- 
riorly, to  the  arch  of  the  colon.  It  is  formed  "f 
two  laminie,  each  consisting  of  two  others.  In 
this  epiploon  a  number  of  vessels  is  distributed, 
and  there  is  much  fat. 

Epiploon,  Qabtro-Hbpatic,  Leaner  0* 

Omentum  hep' uto-ipin' tricum  sen    miinix,  ilembrtt'- 

)in  maeilen'ttor,  is  a  duplicators  of  the  peritoneum, 

which  extends  transversely  from  the  right  side 
of  the  cardia  to  the  corresponding  extremity  of 
the  USBUre  of  the  liver,  and  downwards  from  this 
fissure  to  the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  the 
pylorus  and  duodenum.  Below  it  is  the  foramen 
or  hiatus  of  WlNSXOWJ  and  between  it-  lamina; 
are  lodged  the  biliary  and  hepatic  vessels.  It 
contains  but  little  fat.  If  air  be  blown  in  at  the 
foramen  of  Winslow,  the  cavity  or  eac  of  the  omen- 
tum, Sac' cue  Peritonce'i  retroventrieula'rit,  Bursa 
omenta'lia,  will  be  rendered  perceptible. 

Epiploon,  Gastro  -  Splenic,  Gaetro- Splenic 
Omentum,  Omentum  Gastrosple'  nivum.  A  reflec- 
tion of  the  peritoneum,  which  passes  between  the 
concave  surface  of  the  spleen  and  the  stomach, 
from  the  cardiac  orifice  to  near  its  great  curva- 
ture, and  which  lodges  the  rasa  brevia  and 
splenic  vessels  between  its  lamiiue. 

EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS.  from  epiploon, 
aapl;,  aapKog,  'flesh,'  and  o^aAoj,  'the  navel.' 
Umbilical  hernia,  formed  of  indurated  omentum. 

EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiploechoee'li,  from 
epiploon,  oa^ov,  'the  scrotum,' and Kn\n,  '  tumour.' 
Scrotal  hernia,  formed  by  a  displacement  of  the 
epiploon. 

EPIPLOUM,  Epiploon. 

EPIPNOIA,  Afflatus. 

EPIPORO'MA.  from  t-mirupou),  (ewt,  and  rwpow.) 
'  I  harden.'  A  tophaceous  concretion  whieh  forms 
in  the  joints.     The  callus  of  fracture. 

EPIR'RIIOE,  Epirrhae'a,  from  nri,  and  pw, 
'I  flow.'  Afflux  or  congestion  of  humours. — 
Hippocrates. 

EPIRRH(EA,  Epirrhoe. 

EPISARCTDIUM,  Anasarca. 

EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  tna^w,  'I 
restrain.'     A  suppression  of  excretions. 

EPISCHET'ICUS:     same     etymon.       Site**, 
Rep'rimene,  Oo'hibene.     'Restraining.'    An 
that  diminishes — secretion,  for  example. 

EPISCHION,  Abdomen,  Pnhes,  Pubis  oc. 

EPISCOPALES  VALVULE,  Mitral  valves. 

EPISEION,  Pubis  (os),  Vulva,  Labium  IV.. 
dendi,  Tressoria. 

EPISEMA'SIA,  from  tetonuaum,  (in.  and  amm, 
'asign/)  '  I  afford  some  sign.'  Sema'eia.  It  h;is 
been  used  synonymously  with  •tew.  and  also  with 
the  invasion  of  an  .attack  of  fever.   See  Annotatio. 

BPISIOCELB,  >ce  Hernia,  vulvar. 

EPISICEDE'MA,  from  eeieuev,  (modern.)  Mho 
labium  pudendi,'  and  uici/^u,  '  oedema.'     (Edema 

of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOFTI8,  from  ematiov,  'the  labium  pu- 
dendi," and  itie,  denoting  'inflammation.'  In- 
flammation of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISION,  Bpiseion. 

EPISIOX'CUS,   Epieiophy'ma,  from   smactov, 


EPISIOPHYMA 


EPITHELIUM 


(modern.)  'the  labium  pudendi,'  and  uyicog,  'a 
tumour.'  Tumor  labia' ruin.  A  swelling  or  tu- 
mour of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOPHYMA,  Episioncus. 

EPISEORRIIAG"IA,  from  emcciov,1  the  labium 
pudendi,'  and  payn, '  rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from 
tae  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOR'RIIAPHY,  Episiorrhaph'ia,  from 
e-iTKTeiuv,  '  the  labium  pudendi,'  '  the  vulva/  and 
pabr),  'suture.'  An  operation  practised  in  cases 
of  prolapsus  uteri,  which  consists  in  paring  the 
opposing  surfaces  of  the  labia  pudendi,  bringing 
them  together  and  uniting  them  by  suture,  so  as 
to  diminish  the  outlet  of  the  vulva. 

EPISPA'DIA;  Hyperspa'dia ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next.     The  condition  of  an  Epispadias. 

EPISPA'DIAS,  Epispadias' us,  Anaspa'dias, 
Aiiaspadice'us,  Hyperspa'dias,  Hyperspadiop,'  us, 
from  e-m,  'above,'  and  onau,  'I  draw.'  The  op- 
posite to  Hypospadias.  One  who  has  a  preter- 
natural opening  of  the  urethra  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  penis. 

E  PIS  PA  S'^TICS,  Epispas'tica,  Ves'icants, 
JFelc'tica,  (F.)  Epispastiques  ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  for  every  medicinal  substance  which, 
when  applied  to  the  skin,  excites  pain,  heat,  and 
more  or  less  redness,  followed  by  separation  of 
the  epidermis,  which  is  raised  up  by  effused  serum. 
Cantharides  and  mustard  are  epispastics.  See 
Blister,  and  Derivative. 

EPISPASTICUM,  Blister. 

EPISPASTIQUES,  Epispastics. 

EPISPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPISPHiE'RIA,from  em, and a^aipa,  'asphere.' 
Some  physiologists  have  applied  this  term  to  the 
different  convolutions  and  sinuosities  presented 
by  the  external  surface  of  the  brain. 

EPISPHAGISMOS,  Signature. 

EPISPLENITIS,  see  Splenitis. 

EPISTACTIS'CHESIS,  from  epistaxis,  and 
icr^av,  '  to  restrain.'  Arrest  of  bleeding  from  the 
m»se. 

EPISTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  Muscle. 

EPISTASIS,  Fnsiden'tia,  from  em,  and  <rrau>, 
'I  rest.'  A  substance  which  swims  at  the  sur- 
face of  urine.  It  is  opposed  to  the  hypostasis  or 
sediment.  Epistasis  has  also  been  employed 
synonymously  with  suppression. 

EPISTAX'IS,  from  em,  and  o-™£u>,  'I  flow  drop 
by  drop.'  FFa&morrhag"  in  acti'va  na'rium,  H. 
narin'ea  seu  na'rium,  Epistax'is  junto' rum  seu 
orterio'sa,  Hopmorrhin'ia,  FFoemorhinorrhag"  ia, 
J  Foe  ma  tin' mus,  Choanorrhag"ia,  Fihinorrhag"ia, 
Stillicid'ium  seu  Stilla'tio  Sang'uinis  e  nar'ibus, 
IFcm'  orrhage  from  the  pitu'itary  membrane,  Bleed- 
ing at  the  nose,  Nosebleed,  (F.)  Hemorrhagic 
iiasale,  Saignement  du  nez,  Hemorrhinie.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  common  varieties  of  hemorrhage; 
the  organization  of  the  Schneiderian  membrane 
being  favourable  to  it,  as  the  blood-vessels  are 
but  slightly  supported.  It  does  not  generally 
flow  from  both  nostrils,  and  is  very  apt  to  recur. 
Puberty  is  the  period  at  which  it  is  most  common. 
Its  exciting  causes  are:  —  any  thing  that  will 
induce  local  congestions,  as  running,  coughing, 
blowing  the  nose,  Ac,  provided  there  be  a  pre- 
disposition to  it.  A  common  case  of  epistaxis  re- 
quires but  little  treatment,  especially  if  in  a 
young  person.  Light  diet  and  a  dose  or  two  of 
the  sulphate  of  magnesia  will  be  sufficient.  In 
more  severe  attacks,  cold  and  astringent  washes 
of  alum,  Sulphate  of  zinc,  weak  sulphuric  acid, 
or  creosote,  may  be  used,  and  the  nostrils  be 
plugged  anteriorly ;  but  if  the  bleeding  goes  on 
posteriorly,  the  posterior  nares  must  be  plugged 
likewise,  —  the  patient  being  kept  with  the  head 
raised.  The  flow  of  blood  has  been  arrested  by 
directing  the  patient  to  stand  up  with  his  head 


elevated,  compressing  the  nostril  whence  the 
blood  flows  with  the  finger,  raising  the  corre- 
sponding arm  perpendicularly,  and  holding  it  in 
this  position  for  about  two  minutes.  A  less 
vigorous  circulation  through  the  carotids  appears 
to  result  from  the  increased  force  required  to 
carry  on  the  circulation  through  the  upper  ex- 
tremities when  raised.  —  Negrier.  To  prevent 
the  recurrence,  strict  diet  must  be  inculcated. 

EPISTER'NAL,  Episterna'lis,  from  rm,  and 
arepvov,  '  the  sternum.'  An  epithet  applied  to  two 
bones  which  form  part  of  the  sternum,  and  are 
situate  upon  its  superior  and  lateral  part.  In  the 
young  subject,  they  are  attached  to  the  sternum 
by  a  synovial  membrane,  and  a  fibrous  capsule. 
They  have  somewhat  the  appearance  of  the  pisi- 
form bones,  but  are  of  a  greater  size. 

According  to  Professor  Owen,  the  piece  of  a 
segment  of  an  articulate  animal,  which  is  imme- 
diately above  the  middle  inferior  piece  or  sternum. 

EPISTHOT'ONOS,  from  emadev,  'forwards.' 
and  teivo),  '  I  extend.'  A  spasm  of  the  muscles, 
drawing  the  body  forwards.  The  word  empros- 
thofonos  is  more  commonly  employed. 

EPISTROPHE,  Relapse. 

EPISTROPHEUS,  Axis. 

EPISTROPHUS^xis. 

EPISYNAN'CHE,  (em,  and  synanche  or  cynan- 
che,)  Episynnngi'na.  A  Greek  word,  used  by  a 
modern  writer  for  spasm  of  the  pharynx,  by 
which  deglutition  is  prevented,  and  the  solid  and 
liquid  food  driven  back  towards  the  mouth  or 
nasal  fossa?. 

EPISYNTHET'IC,  Episynthet'icus,  from  tm- 
(xwTi&rjui,  (en,  aw,  and  Tidrjfxi,)  'to  collect,  accu- 
mulate.' The  name  of  a  medical  sect,  whose  ob- 
ject it  was  to  reconcile  the  principles  of  the  Me- 
thodists with  those  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogma- 
tics. Leonides  of  Alexandria  seems  to  have  been 
one  of  the  first  partisans  of  this  sectj  of  which 
we  know  little. 

EPIT'ASIS,  from  em,  and  raven;  'to  extend.' 
The  period  of  violence  of  a  fever,  (Febris  inten'- 
sio,)  attack  or  paroxysm  ;  sometimes  it  is  used  in 
the  same  sense  as  epistasis,  for  'suppression.' 

EPITELIUM,  Epithelium. 

EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'lis ;  same  etymon 
as  epithelium.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  the 
epithelium, — as  epithelial  cells,  and  scales. 

Epithelial  Cancer,  Cancroid  of  the  slcin, 
Epithelio'ma,  Oarcino' ma  epithelio'des,  is  a  morbid 
growth  of  epithelial  cells;  forming  an  epithelial 
tumour,  which,  by  some,  is  regarded  as  carci- 
noma.    See  Cancroid. 

EPITHELIOMA,  Epithelial  cancer. 

EPITHE'LIUxM,  Epite'lium,  Epithe'lis,  Epi- 
the'lia,  Endepiderm'is,  from  em,  and  SrjXr],  'a 
nipple.'  The  thin  layer  of  epidermis,  which 
covers  parts  deprived  of  derma,  properly  so 
called,  —  as  the  nipple,  mucous  membranes,  lips, 
&g.  Modern  histological  researches  have  shown 
that  it  exists,  in  different  forms,  pa  vemeut,  cylinder, 
and  vibratile  or  ciliated  epithelium.  Tesselated, 
pavement,  scaly,  lamel'lar,  tu'bular,  or  J/att' cued 
epithelium,  Epithelium  polyed'ricum,  and  E.  la- 
mello'sum,  (F.)  Epitheliumpavimenteux,  covers  the 
serous  and  synovial  membranes,  the  lining  of 
blood-vessels,  and  the  mucous  membranes,  except 
where  cylinder  epithelium  exists.  It  is  spread 
over  the  mouth,  pharynx  and  oesophagus,  con- 
junctiva, vagina,  and  entrance  of  the  female 
urethra.  Cylinder,  Colum'uar  or  Prismat'ic  epi- 
thelium, Epithe'lium  cylin'dricum,  (F.)  Epithelium 
cylindrique  is  found  in  the  intestinal  canal, 
beyond  the  cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach;  in  the 
larger  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands  ;  in  the  ductus 
communis  choledochus,  prostate,  Cowper's  glands, 
vesiculae  seminales,  vas  deferens,  tubuli  uriniferi, 


EPITHEM 


349 


EQUIVOROUS 


and  urethra  of  the  male;  ami  lines  the  urinary 
I  of  the  female,  from  the  orifice  of  the 
urethra  to  the  beginning  of  the  tubuli  uriniferi 
of  the  kidneys.  In  all  these  situations,  it  is  con- 
tinu mu  with  tesselated  epithelium,  which  lines 
the  more  delicate  ducts  of  the  various  glands. 
For  tlic  uses  of  the  ciliated  epithelium,  Epithe- 
lium vibrant,  see  Cilia. 

Mr.  How-man   has  applied  the  term  spheroidal 
to  a  variety  of  epithelium,  the  cells  of  which,  for 
the  most  part,  retain   their  primitive  roundness: 
or,  being  flattened  where  they  touch,  acquire  a 
polyhedral   figure.     At  times,  these  show  a  dis- 
position  to  pass  into  the  columuar,  or  the  tesse-  j 
lated    variety  ;    and,   hence,   this  form   has  been  i 
called  the  transit"  iomd.     The  spheroidal  epithe- 
lium is   found  in  the  urinary  passages,  where  it 
succeeds  the  columnar  epithelium  of  the  urethra 
at  the  internal  orifice  of  that  canal,  and  lines  the  j 
whole  of  the  bladder,  ureters  and  pelves  of  the 
kidneys.     It  is  found,  also,  in  the  excretory  ducts 
of    the    mammary,    perspiratory,    and    of    many  j 
mucous,  glands;  and  a  modification  of  it  lines  the 
inmost  secreting  cavities  or  commencing  ducts  of  : 
glands  generally. 

EP'ITIIE.M,  Epith'ema  or  Epithe'ma,  from  eni,  | 
and  nSnui,  *  I  put.'  This  term  is  applied  to  every 
topical  application,  which  cannot  be  classed 
either  under  ointments  or  plasters.  Three  sorts 
of  cpitheras  have  been  usually  distinguished, — 
the  liquid,  dry,  and  soft,  which  comprise  fomen- 
tation", bay*  filled  with  dry  substance*,  and  cata- 
plasm*. 

EPITH'ESIS.  Same  etymon.  The  rectifica- 
tion of  crooked  limbs  by  means  of  instruments. 

EPITIIYM'LE,  from  £ti,  and  Ovpog,  'desire.' 
Morbid  desires  or  longings. 

EPITIIYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 
EPITIIYMUM,  Cuscuta  epithymum  —  e.  Offi- 
cinarum,  Cuscuta  Europaea. 

EPITROCH'LEA,  from  art,  and  rpoXa\ia,  'a 
pulley.'  (F.)  Epitrochlee.  That  which  is  situate 
above  a  pulley.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to  the 
unequal,  round  protuberance  situate  on  the  inside 
of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  above  its 
articular  trochlea.  It  is  the  part  usually  called 
the  inner  or  lesser  condyle  of  the  humerus.  From 
it  originate  several  muscles  of  the  forearm,  to 
which  it  has  given  part  of  their  names,  according 
to  the  system  of  Chaussier. 

EPITHOCULO-CARPI-PALMAIRE,  Pal- 
maris  lonirus — e.  Cubito-carpien,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles— #.  Jfet(tcarpien,  Palmaris  magnus — e.  Plia- 
langinien  coinmun,  Flexor  sublimis  perforatus  — 
£.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  teres. 

EPIZO'A,  (sing.  Epizo'on),  (F.)  Epizoiiires,  Ec- 
toparasites, from  art,  and  faov,  '  an  animal.'  Para- 
sitic animals,  which  infest  the  surface  of  the  body, 
or  the  common  integument. 

EPIZOOTIA,  Epiz»r>tij,  (F.)  Epizoote.  Same 
etymon.  A  disease  which  reigns  amongst  ani- 
mals. It  corresponds,  in  the  veterinary  art,  to 
epidemy  in  medicine. 

EPIZOOTIC,  Epizoot'icus,  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  an  epizob'ty,  —  as  an 
'epizootic  aphtha.' 

EP'OCHE,  from  cm,  and  t^w,  'to  have  or  to 
hold.'    Doubt,  suspension  of  judgment — Sutpen'ta 
$enten'tia.       Sometimes    employed    in    the    same 
sense  as  epischesis  or  suppression. 
EPOCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 
EPODE,  Incantation. 

EPO'MIS,  8uperhutnera'li,  from  t-zi,  and  uiuos, 
'the  shoulder.'     The  acromion.     The  upper  part 
of  the  shoulder. — Hippocrates,  Galea. 
BPOMPHALICUM,  Epomphalium. 
EPOMPH  LLION,  Dterus. 
EPuMPHA'LIUM,  EpomphaPieum,  from  tm, 


and  op4>a\o<;,  'the  navel.'  A  medicine,  which, 
when  placed  upon  the  umbilicus,  moves  the  belly. 
— Paulus  of  Jfgtna. 

MPONOS,  Spongia— e.   d'Eylantier,  Bedegar. 

EPOQlh'S,  Menses. 

EPOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EP08T0SIS,  Exostosis. 

E / '  /.'  /•; /  .V  TES,  Tenesmus. 

EPS  KM  A.  Decoction. 

EPSESIS.  Decoction,  Elixatio. 

EPSOM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Epsom 
is  a  town  in  Surrey,  about  15  miles  from  London. 
The  water  is  a  simple  saline; — consisting  chiefly 
of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  which  has  consequently 
received  the  name  of  Epsom  *alt«,  though  no 
longer  prepared  from  the  Epsom  water. 

EPUISEMENT,  Exhaustion. 

EPU'LIS,  from  tut,  and  ov\ov,  'the  gum.' 
Odon'tia  excres'cen*,  Sarco'ma  epu'lxt,  Ulon'cHi, 
Excreeceii'tia  ijiiu/i'vcB.  (F.)  Epulide,  Epulie. 
An  excrescence  on  the  gum,  sometimes  ending  in 
cancer. 

EPULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

EPULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

E  PURGE,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

EQUAL.  uEqua'lis.  An  epithet  applied  parti- 
cularly to  the  pulse  and  to  respiration.  The  pulso 
and  respiration  are  equal,  when  the  pulsations 
and  inspirations  which  succeed  each  other  are 
alike  in  every  respect. 

EQUILIBRIUM,  from  a>quu*,  'equal.'  and 
librare,  'to  weigh.'  In  medicine,  this  word  is 
sometimes  used  to  designate  that  state  of  organs, 
fluids  and  forces,  which  constitutes  health. 

EQUINA  CAUDA,  see  Cauda  Equina, 

EQUI'NIA,  from  equina*,  'belonging  to  a 
horse.'  Glanders,  (F.)  Morve.  A  dangerous  con- 
tagious disorder,  accompanied  by  a  pustular  erup- 
tion, which  arises  from  inoculation  with  certain 
diseased  fluids  generated  in  the  horse,  the  ass  and 
the  mule.  Two  forms  are  met  with,—  E.  mitit, 
contracted  from  horses  affected  with  grease,  and 
E.  tjlanduln'sa,  a  dangerous  and  commonly  fatal 
disease  communicated  to  man,  either  in  the  acute 
or  chronic  form,  from  the  glandered  horse.  The 
veterinary  surgeons  make  two  varieties  of  the 
disease  in  the  horse  —  Glanders,  Ma'lia,  Malias'- 
mus,  if  a' lie,  Mali*,  Malleus;  and  Farcy  glanders, 
Earcino'ma,  Earci'men,  Ma/'/nts  farci'miiio'sux, 
Morbus  farcimi)io'su*,  Cacher'ia  lymphat'ica  far- 
cimino'sa,  (V.)  Morn:  farri n<  uh>  ,  Fun-in  ;  —  the 
former  affecting  the  pituitary  membrane  and  oc- 
casioning a  profuse  discbarge  from  the  nostrils, 
with  pustular  eruptions  or  small  tumour-,  which 
soon  suppurate  and  ulcerate,  being  Attended  by 
symptoms  of  malignant  fever  and  by  gangrene 
of  various  parts:  —  the  latter  being  the  same 
disease,  but  appearing  in  the  shape  of  small 
tumours  about  the  legs,  lips,  face,  neck,  Ac.  nf  the 
horse;  sometimes  very  painful,  suppurating  an  I 
degenerating  into  foul  ulcers.  They  arc  often 
seen  together. 

The  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  but  re.-t  : 
the  more  severe  generally  resist  all  remedies. 

EQUISETUM  AKYENSE.  .t.-.,  see  Ilippuris 
vulgaris — e.  Minus,  Ilippuris  vulgaris. 

EQUITATION,  Efuita'tio,  Hippei'a,  Hippa'- 
*ia.  Hi  pp<  u'hix,  from  eqnitare,  equitatun,  'to  rid) 
on  horseback.'  Hbneback  extroite,  A  kind  if 
exercise,  advisable  in  many  diseases,  although 
improper  in  others  —  in  uterine  affections,  for  in- 
stance. It  has  been  much  recommended  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis.  It  is  less  fatiguing  than 
walking,  ami  Consequently  more  available  in  dis- 
eaee.  But  to  prevent  disease,  where  much  exer- 
cise is  required,  the  latter  is  preferable. 

EQUIV'OROUS,    Equiv'orux,    Hippoph'agous, 


EQUIVOCAL 


350 


ERGO  TINE 


from    equus,    'a    horse,'    and    voro,    'I   devour.' 
Feeding  or  subsisting  on  horseflesh. 

EQUIVOCAL,  Equiv'ocus, from  asqnus,  'equal,' 
and  vox,  vocis,  'voice.'     Those  symptoms  are  oc- 
casionally so  denominated  which  belong  to  seve- 
ral diseases.     Generation  is  said  by  some  to  be 
'  equivocal,'  when  it  is,  or  seems  to  be,  spontaneous. 
See  Generation. 
EQUUS,  Hrppus. 
ERADLE,  Acer  saccharinum. 
ERADICATION,  Eradica'tio,  from  e,  'from,' 
and  radix,  radicis,  'a  root.'     The  act  of  rooting 
out,  or  completely  removing  a  disease. 

ERAD'ICATIVE,  Eradi'cans:  same  etymon. 
Any  thing  possessed  of  the  power  of  completely 
rooting  out  a  disease. 

ERAILLEMENT  DES  PAUP1ERES,  Ec- 
tropion. 

ERCLE,  Blister. 
EREBINTHUS,  Acer  arietinum. 
ERECTEUR  DU PENIS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 
EREOHTHI'TES  HIERACIFO'LIA,  Sene'cio 
hieraci/o'tius,   Fireweed.     An    indigenous   plant, 
Order    Compositae,  which  flowers  from  July  to 
September.     It  is  said  to  be  an  acrid  tonic,  and 
astringent,  and  in  large  doses  emetic. 

ERECTILE  TISSUE,  Tela  seu  Textus  erec'- 
tilis,  from  erigere,  erectum,  (e,  and  rigere,)  *  to 
erect,'  '  to  become  erect.'  A  tissue,  whose  prin- 
cipal character  is,  to  be  susceptible  of  dilatation, 
i.  e.  of  turgescence  and  increase  of  size.  It  is 
formed  of  a  collection  of  arteries  and  veins,  in- 
termixed with  nervous  filaments;  which  form, 
by  their  numerous  anastomoses,  a  spongy  sub- 
stance, whose  areolae  communicate  with  each 
other.  Smooth  muscular  fibres  have  been  de- 
tected in  it.  This  tissue  exists  in  the  corpora 
cavernosa  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  at  the  lower 
and  inner  surface  of  the  vagina,  in  the  spongy 
part  of  the  urethra,  the  lips,  nipples,  iris,  <fcc. 
Sometimes  it  is  developed  accidentally,  and  con- 
stitutes a  kind  of  organic  transformation. 

ERECTION,  Erec'tio,  Arrec'tio;  same  ety- 
mon. The  state  of  a  part,  in  which,  from  having 
been  soft,  it  becomes  stiff,  hard,  and  swollen  by 
the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  areolae  of  its 
tissue,  as  in  the  case  of  the  penis — Styma,  Stysis. 
ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS,  Ischio-cavernosus 
— e.  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus, 

EREMACAU'SIS,     (F.)    ErSmacausie,    from 
r.prjuoi,  'waste,'  and  Kavaig,  'combustion.'    A  term 
applied  by  Liebig  to  the  slow  combustion,  oxida- 
tion, or  decay  of  organic  matters  in  the  air. 
ERE  MIA,  Acinesia. 
ERESIPELE,  Ervsipelas. 
ERETHILYTICUM      H^EMATOLYTICUM, 
Spanaemic. 

ER'ETHISM,  Erethis'mus,  Erethis'in,  Irrita- 
men'tum,  Irrita'tio,  (F.)  Erethisme,  from  epeSifa, 
'  I  irritate.'  Irritation.  Augmentation  of  the 
vital  phenomena  in  any  organ  or  tissue.  Orgasm. 
Under  this  name,  Mr.  Pearson  has  described  a 
state  of  the  constitution  produced  by  mercury 
acting  on  it  as  a  poison.  He  calls  it  Heron' rial 
Er'ethism  or  Erethis'mus.  It  is  characterized  by 
great  depression  of  strength ;  anxiety  about  the 
praecordia;  irregular  action  of  the  heart:  fre- 
quent sighing;  tremors;  small,  quick,  sometimes 
intermitting  pulse;  occasional  vomiting;  pale, 
contracted  countenance,  and  sense  of  coldness; 
but  the  tongue  is  seldom  furred,  nor  are  the  vital 
and  natural  functions  much  disturbed.  In  this 
state  any  sudden  exertion  may  prove  fatal. 
ERETHISMA,  Rubefacient. 
ERETHISMUS,Erethism,  Irritation— e.  Ebrio- 
sorum,  Delirium  tremens  —  e.  Hydrophobia,  Hy- 
drophobia— e.  Oneirodynia,  Incubus,  Paroniria — 
e.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 


ERETHISTICUS,  Erethiticus,  Rubefacient. 

ERETHIT'IC,  Erethit' icus,  Erethis'ticun.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  erethism — as  "erethitic 
phenomena,"  or  phenomena  of  irritation. 

ERETISME,  Erethism. 

EREUGMOS,  Eructation. 

EREUXIS,  Eructation,  Flatulence. 

ERGASMA,  Myrrha. 

ERGASTERIOX  SPIRITUS,  Pulmo. 

ERGASTERIUM,  Laboratory. 

ERGOT,  (F.)  Ergot,  'a  spur.'  Er'gota,  Scca'le 
cornu'tum  seu  mater' num  seu  tur'gidum  seu  t emu- 
lent' uni  seu  luxu'rians  seu  clava'tum,  Clavua  seca- 
li'nus  seu  seca'lis  seu  Silig"inis,  Spennoe'dia 
davits,  Mater  seca'lis,  Calcar,  Seca'lis  mater,  Vn- 
tila'go,  Frnmen'tum  cornu'tum  seu  cornicnla'tum 
seu  luxu'rians  seu  tur'gidutn  seu  temulen' turn, 
Brizoc'eras  [?],  Melanophy' ma]  Spurred  or  Horned 
Rye,  Spur,  Hornseed,  Cockspur  Rye,  Cockspur, 
(F.)  Seigle  ergote  ou  cornu  ou  corrompu  ou  d 
Eperon  ou  Ergotise,  Ble  cornu,  Ergot  ou  clou  ou 
mere  de  seigle,  Bled  avorte  ou  farouche,  Faux 
seigle.  Ergot  is  generally  considered  to  be  the 
result  of  a  disease  in  rye,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently when  a  hot  summer  succeeds  a  rainy 
spring.  Decandolle,  however,  regards  it  as  a 
parasitic  fungus,  and  calls  it  Sclero'tium  clavus ; 
whilst  Leveille  esteems  it  to  be  a  fungus  giving 
a  coating  to  the  diseased  grain;  the  medical  vir- 
tues residing  in  the  coating.  This  parasitic 
fungus  he  calls  Sphace'lia  seg" etum.  More  re- 
cently, it  has  been  maintained,  that  it  is  a  dis- 
eased state  of  the  grain  occasioned  by  the  growth 
of  a  fungus  not  previously  detected,  to  which  the 
names  Ergotce'tia  abartans  seu  abortifa'ciens,  O'i- 
dium  abortifa'ciens,  Ergot-mould,  have  been  given. 
It  is  found  projecting  from  among  the  leaves  of 
the  spike  or  ear,  and  is  a  long,  crooked  excres- 
cence, resembling  the  spur  of  a  cock,  pointed  at. 
its  extremities,  of  a  dark  brown  colour  externally, 
and  white  within. 

This  substance  has  been  long  used  in  Germany 
to  acton  the  uterus,  as  its  names  Mutterkorn 
and  Geb'arpulver  ('womb-grain,'  pulvis  par- 
turiens,  pulvis  ad  jjartum)  testify.  Upwards  of 
forty  years  ago,  it  was  recommended  in  this 
country,  by  Dr.  John  Stearns,  of  Saratoga  County, 
New  York,  for  accelerating  parturition  ;  and  since 
that  period,  numerous  testimonials  have  been 
offered  in  its  favour.  Half  a  drachm  of  the 
powder  is  gently  boiled  in  half  a  pint  of  water, 
and  one-third  part  given  every  20  minutes,  until 
proper  pains  begin.  Some  recommend  the  clear 
watery  infusion  ;  others  advise  the  powder;  others 
the  oil;  and  others  the  wine.  It  is  obvious  that, 
in  many  cases,  the  uterine  efforts  would  return  in 
the  period  which  would  necessarily  elapse  in  the 
administration  of  ergot;  so  that  several  of  the 
cases,  at  least,  of  reputed  efficacy,  may  not  have 
been  dependent  upon  the  assigned  agent.  Ergot 
also  possesses,  it  is  affirmed,  narcotic  virtues, 
which  have  rendered  it  useful  in  hemorrhagic 
and  other  affections  of  excitement. 

Bread,  made  of  spurred  rye,  has  been  attended 
with  the  effects  described  under  Ergotism. 

ERGOT,  Hippocampus  minor  —  e.  de  Seigle, 
Ergot. 

ERGOT-MOULD,  see  Ergot. 
ERGOTA,  Ergot. 

ERGOT.ETIA  ABORTANS,  see  Ergot  — e. 
Abortifaciens,  see  Ergot. 

ER'GOTIN,  Extrac'tnm  Er'gotce,  Extract  of\ 
Ergot,  (F.)  Ergotine,  Extrait  hemostatique  de 
Bonjean.  The  extract  of  ergot  has  been  found 
an  excellent  hemastatic  in  the  dose  of  two  grains 
several  times  a  day.  It  has  also  been  used  ex- 
ternally. 

ERGOTINE,  Ergo  tin. 


ERGOTISM 


8  6  1 


ERUPTION 


ER'GOTISM.  Ergotia'mua,  from  ergota,  'ergot* 
Morbus  cerea'lie.  Poisoning  by  ergot.  An  affec- 
tion produced  by  the  use  of  spurred  rye.  At 
times,  the  symptoms  are  Limited  to  vertigo, 
spasms,  and  convulsions.  SeeConvuisio  eerealis. 
Most  commonly,  there  is  torpor  with  numbness 
of  the  bands  and  feet,  which  waste  away,  lose 
sensation  end  the  power  of  motion,  and  separate 
from  the  body  by  dry  gangrene, —  Brgatis'mus 
Sphacelo'sne,  Spkae"eltu  cerea'lie,  Necro'eis  ce- 
rea'lie, Qangra'na  ustilagin'ea,  Necrosis  Hstila- 
gin'ea,  Ergot  or  Mildew  mortification,  (F.)  Ergo- 
tieme  gangrineux,  Gangrene  den  Solonoi»t  Mai  de 
Sologne, 

ERGOTISMS  CONVULSIVE,  Convulsio  ee- 
realis. 

ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism  — e.  Spasmodicus, 
Convulsio  eerealis  —  e.  Sphaoelosus,  Ergotism. 

ERI'CA  VULGA'RIS,  Callu'na  oulga'rie  sen 
Eri'ca,  Common  ILath,  [Bo.) Heather,  (F.)  Brnyire 


iy<ure. 


This  has  heen  regarded  as  diuretic  and 


diaphoretic. 

BRIGERONAMBIGUUM.E.  Philadelphicum 
— e.  Annuum,  see  E.  Canadense. 

ERIG"ERON  BELLTDIFO'LIUM,  Robin's 
plantain,  Rosy  Betty,  (rjpiycpiov,  from  rjp,  'spring,' 
and  ytpwv,  'an  old  man:'  owing  to  the  hoary 
appearance  of  some  of  the  vernal  specie?.)  An  > 
indigenous  plant  of  the  Composite  family  ;  flower- 
ing in  May.  It  is  said  to  possess  properties  like 
those  of  E.  Philadelphicum. 

EiUGERON  Caxaokn'sk,  Can'ada  Fleahane,  \ 
Prideweed,  Iforseiceed,  Bntterweed,  is  considered 
to  he  allied  in  properties  to  E.  Philadelphicum  rand 
the  same  may  be  said  of  Erigeron  Heterophil" lum, 
E.  annuum,  Sweet  Sca'bioua  or  various-leaved 
Fleabane;  all  of  which  are  in  the  secondary  list 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Brigkboh  Bktbbopbtlldk,  see  E.  Canadense 
— e.  Integrifolium,  E.  Philadelphicum. 

Erig"eron  Philadel'phioi  m,  E.  atrigo'sum 
sou  amhig'uum  seu  integrifo'lium,  Seabious,  Ske- 
visch,  Philadelphia  or  Skevisch  ot  Narr  ok -leaved 
Flea- Bane,  Daint/,  Cocash,  Frostweed,  Fieldweed, 
Sqnaw-weed,  (F.)  Vergerette  de  Philadelphia 
The  plant  has  been  used  in  decoction  or  infusion 
for  gouty  and  gravelly  complaints,  and  is  said 
to  operate  powerfully  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific. 
The  essential  oil  has  been  given  in  uterine  he- 
morrhage.    Dose,  five  drops. 

Erigero.v  Strigosum,  E.  Philadelphicum. 

ERIGERITM,  Senecio. 

JSRIGNE,  Hook. 

EIHSE,  Hook. 

BRIOCEPH'ALUS  UMBBLLULATU8,  Wild 
Roae'mary.     A  South   African  shrub,  Ord.  Com- 
.  which  is  diuretic,  and  used  by  the  farmers 
and  Hottentots  in  various  forms  of  dropsy. 

BRIOSPERM'TJM  LATIPO'LIUM.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  tuber  of  which  is  muculent. 
and  used  externally  in  abrasions  of  the  skin,  and 
in  superficial  ulcers.  It  is  also  employed  by  the 
Mohammedans,  in  decoction,  in  amenorrhoea. 

ER  I  X,  cpit;.  This  word  signifies,  in  Galen,  the 
upper  part  of  the  liver. 

BRODENS,  Caustic. 

BRODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  mos- 
ehatum. 

BROM  \XT.\.  Erotomania. 

BRON'OSUS,  Eronu'totf  from  vp,  'spring.'and 
vodo?  or  vovaoc,   'disease.'     A  disease   which   ap- 
■liieflv  in  spring. 

BROS,  Love. 

BROSIO,  Corrosion  —  e.  ot  Perforatio  sponta- 
nea Ventriculi,  Gaetromalacia. 

ERO'SION,   Ero'xio,    Diabrefwie,    Anabre/eie, 

rion,  from  trodere,  eroeum,  («,  nnd   rodere,) 

'to  eat  away.'     The  action    of  a   corrosive   sub- 


stance,  or  the  gradual  destruction  of  a  pari  by  a 
substance  of  that  hind.  It  is  often  employed  in 
the  same  sense  a<  ulceration, — spontaneous  erosion. 

Erosion,  GabGBBHOUS,  OF  Tin:  (ni. i  k,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

EROT'IC,  Ero'tiou*,  from  tpw?,  t^wros,  'love.' 
That  which  is  produced  by  love — as  Erotic  me- 
lancholy, E.  delirium,  Ac 

EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania, 

BROTION,  Melissa. 

EROTOM  A'X  I.\,  Eroma'uia,  Ma'nia  erofica, 
from  i/ius,  cpuTos,  'love,'  and  uaviu,  'mania.'  A 
species  of  mental  alienation  caused  by  love.  Ero- 
tic melancholy  is  Love  melancholy.  Some  authors 
write  it  Erot'ico-mania,     Also.  Nymphomania. 

ERPES,  Herpes. 

ERRABUNDUS,  Planetes. 

ERRAT'IC,  Errat'icus,  Atnc'tos,  At'ypos ;  from 
errare,  erratum,  'to  err.'  Wandering,  irregular. 
That  which  disappears  and  recurs  at  irregular 
intervals.  This  name  is  given  to  intermittents, 
Febres  errat'ica,  which  observe  no  type.  Most 
commonly,  it  is  applied  to  pains  or  to  any  dis- 
eased manifestations  which  are  not  fixed,  but 
move  from  one  part  to  another,  as  in  gout,  rheu- 
matism, erysipelas,  <ve. 

ERR  EUR  DE  LIEU,  Error  loci. 

ER'RHINE,  Errhi'nnm  or  Er*rhinum,  Stermu- 
tato'rium,  Ster'nutatory,  Ptar'micnm,  Apophleg- 
mat'isant  per  naves,  Nasa'le,  from  ev,  •\):,'  and 
pjv,  'the  nose.'  A  remedy  whose  action  is  ex- 
erted on  the  Schrjeiderian  membrane,  exciting 
sneezing  and  increased  discharge.  Err  bines  have 
been  mainly  used  as  local  stimulants  in  head 
affections.  The  chief  are:  Asari  Folia,  Euphor- 
bias gummi-resina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  fiavus, 
Tabacum,  and  Veratrum  album. 

ERRHIXUM,  Sternutatory. 

ER'RUYSIS,  from  cv,  'in,' and  pew,  'I  flow.' 
With  some,  a  draining  of  blood.  A  trifling  he- 
morrhage. 

ERROR  LOCI,  Apoplaue'sia,  (F.)  Erreur  de 
Lieu.  A  term,  frequently  used  by  Boerhaave  to 
express  deviation  of  fluids,  when  they  enter  ves- 
sels not  destined  for  them.  Boerhaave  admitted 
several  orders  of  capillary  vessels,  the  diameters 
of  which  went  on  decreasing.  The  largest  re- 
ceived red  blood,  those  which  came  next  re- 
ceived only  white,  others  only  lymph,  whilst  tho 
last  of  all  were  destined  for  yet  more  subtle  fluids 
— for  a  kind  of  vapour.  When  the  red  globules 
entered  vessels  destined  for  the  white,  or  the 
white  those  intended  for  the  thinner  fluids,  there 
was,  according  to  the  theory  of  Boerhaave,  an 
error  loci,  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation 
and  other  mischiefs.      See  Aberration. 

ERUCA,  Brassica  eruca,  Bin  apis — e.  Barbarea, 
Erysimum  barbarea — e.  Poetida,  Brassica  eruca — 
e.  Sativa,  Rrassica  eruca. 

ERUCTA'TKtX.  Ructa'tio,  Ereug'mue,  Er'yg?, 
Eructa'tio,  RhoIus,  Ructa  '  men,  linctua  '  ti<>, 
Ereux'ie,  Reetagna'tio,  (Old.  Eng.)  /!<>//,■<■,  Bouffe, 
Bel/re,  (Sc.)  Rocking,  Bokking,  Rucking,  Rift, 
(Prov.)  ITelking,  Rasping,  Roeping,  Riving,  Ruft 
i  X.  of  England);  from  emetave,  eructa'tum,  '•■. 
and    ructare,    'to    belch.')      Belching,   (!•'.)    Rot, 

Rapport,     A  sonorous  emission,   by   the    i ith, 

of  flatus  proceeding  from  the  stomach.  \\  ben  SO 
frequent  as  to  occasion  a  diseased  condition,  tliis 
is  termed  Ructuo'sitas,  Morbus  ruotuo'sue, 

ERUGATORIA,  Tetanothra. 

Ei:r<;i.xi:rx,  iBrugiaons. 

ERUPTIO,  Eruption— e.  Ezanthematis,  I  ,  n- 
nastasis — e.  Sanguinis.  Hmmorrbagia. 

ERUPTION,  Erup'tio,  from  ervmne+e,  ervp- 

tiim.  (<\  and  riiiiijxrr.)  •(<>  issue  with  violence,' 
'to  break  out,'  This  word  has  several  mcanim*. 
1.  The  sudden  and  copious  evacuation  of  any  fluid 
from  a  canal  or  cavity — of  serum,  blood,  pi  I,  .V<  ., 


ERUPT  10 X  A X 0 M A L E 


35 


ERYTHEMA 


for  example  :  2.  The  breaking  out  of  an  exan- 
them ;  and,  3.  the  exanthem  itself,  whether 
simply  in  the  form  of  a  rash,  or  of  pustules, 
vesicle?,  &c. 

ERUPTION  ANOMALE,  Roseola  —  e.  Ro- 
sace, Roseolae — e.  Violet,  Ionthus. 

ERUPTIVE,    Erupt  i' mis.     Same    etymon    as 
Eruption.   That  which  is  accompanied  by  an  erup- 
tion.   Thus  small-pox,  measles,  scarlet  fever,  mili-  1 
aria,  &c,  are  eruptive  fevers.  The  term  eruptive  dis- 
ease is  nearly  synonymous  with  cutaneous  disease. 

ERVA  DB  SANGTA  MARIA,  Arum  Dracun- 
culus — e.  do  Rata,  Palicourea  Marcgraavii. 

ERYALENTA.  see  Ervum. 

BRVUM,  E.  Ervil'ia,  E.  plica'tum,  Vic"ia  er- 
Vil'ia,  Or'obus,  (F.)  Lentille  Ers  ou  Orobe.  In 
times  of  scarcity,  the  seeds  have  been  made  into 
bread,  but  it  is  said  not  to  be  wholesome.  The 
meal  was  once  much  used  in  poultices:  it  was  for- 
merly called  0  rob' ion,  opofiiov.  Under  the  name 
Ervalent'a,  a  secret  dietetic  preparation  has  been 
introduced.  It  is  a  vegetable  powder,  which, 
when  mixed  with  milk  and  soup  and  taken  night 
and  morning,  is  said  to  have  succeeded  in  remo- 
ving old  and  obstinate  obstructions  !  Buchner 
thinks  it  is  bean  meal,  Ditterich,  the  meal  of  the 
seed  of  Ervum  Ervilia. — Aschenbrenner. 

A  specimen  of  Warton's  Ervalenta,  obtained  at 
the  depot,  and  analyzed  by  Dr.  Hassall,  was  found 
to  contain  a  mixture  of  the  French  and  German 
lentil,  reduced  to  powder,  including  portions  of 
the  shells  or  husks,  and  of  a  substance  very 
closei}'  resembling,  in  its  microscopic  characters, 
corn  meal.  A  sample  of  Du  Barry's  Rera/en'ta 
Arab'ica  was  found  to  consist  of  a  mixture  of  the 
Egyptian  or  Arabian  lentil  and  barley  meal. 

Ervum  Ervilia,  Ervum. 

Ervum  Lens,  Cicer  Lens, Lens esculen'ta,Phacos, 
the  Lentil,  (F.)  Lentille.  The  seed,  Phaee,  Pha' - 
eea,  Plutcus,  is  eaten  in  many  places  like  peas : 
they  are  flatulent  and  difficult  of  digestion. 

Ervum  Plicatum,  Ervum. 

ERYGE,  Eructation. 

ERYXGIUM,  Hpvyyiov,  Hpvyyos,  see  E.  Aquat- 
icum. 

Eryx'gium  Aquat'icum,JE7.  yueeafo'linm,  Water 
Eryn'go,  Button  S)iawe  Root.  Order,  Umbelliferae. 
This  root,  Eryn'gium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is  nearly  allied 
to  the  eon  tray  erva  of  the  shops,  and  acts  more 
especially  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  a  secondary  article 
in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Eryxgium  Campes'tre.  E.  vulga're,  Centum 
Cap'ita,  Lyrin'gium,  Aster  inquina'lis,  Capit'u- 
him  Martin,  Acus  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Panicaut,  Char- 
don-Rolnnd,  is  sometimes  used  for  E.  maritimum. 

Eryxgium  Fcetidum;  indigenous,  is  said  to 
possess  properties  like  those  of  valerian  and  con- 
trayerva. 

Eryxgium  Marit'imum  seu  Mari'num.  The 
Sea  Holly  or  Eryngo,  JEthe' rea  Herba,  (F.)  Pa- 
nicaut Maritime.  Eryngo  root  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  sweetish  and  warm  taste.  It  is 
considered  to  be  diuretic  and  expectorant,  but  its 
powers  are  so  weak,  that  it  is  scarcely  ever  used. 

Eryxgium  Vulgare,  E.  Campestre — e.  Yuccae- 
folium,  E.  aquaticum. 

ERYXGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum  —  e. 
Water.  Eryngium  aquaticum. 

ERYS'IMUM,  E.  officinale,  from  epvu>,  'to 
draw,'  from  its  power  of  raising  blisters.  Sisym'- 
brium  officinale,  Chamm'  plion.  Hedge-mustard, 
(F.)  Ve'lar,  Turtelle,  Herbe  anx  Chantres.  This 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  its  expectorant  and 
diuretic  qualities.  The  seeds  greatly  resemble 
mustard. 

Erysimum  Alliaria,  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Barbare'a,  E.  lyra'tum,  Ar'abis 
barbate'  a ,  Sisymbrium  barbare'a,  Eru'ca  barba- 
re'a, Barbare'a,  B.  stric'ta,  (F.)  Herbe  de  Sainte 


Barhe,  has  been  ranked    amongst  the  antiscor- 
butic plants.     See  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Corpifolium,  Alliaria — e.  Lyratum, 
E.  barbarea. 

ERYSIPELA'CEA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  family  of  eruptive  diseases,  comprising  erysi- 
pelas, variola,  rubeola,  and  scarlatina. 

ERYSIP'ELAS,  from  epvu),  'I  draw  in,'  and 
irtXas,  'near,'  from  its  tendency  to  spread.  Febrit 
erysipelato'na  seu  erysipe/a'cea,  Erytfirop' 'yrn, 
Em'phlysis  Erysip'elas,  St.  Anthony's  fire,  Wild- 
fire, Ignis  Srtncti  Anto'nii  seu  Oolumsl'lte  seu 
Sacer,  Hieropyr,  Icterit"ia  rubra.  Rose,  Rubra 
icterit"ia,  Vicinitra'ha,  Vicinitrae'tus,  Bruntis, 
Lugdus,  (F.)  Erysipele,  Britipele,  Feu  St.  Au- 
toine,  Feu  sacre,  Mai  Saint  Antoine.  A  disease, 
so  called  because  it  generally  extends  gradually 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  Superficial  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  with  general  fever,  tension  and 
swelling  of  the  part;  pain  and  heat  more  or  less 
acrid;  redness  diffused,  but  more  or  less  circum- 
scribed, and  disappearing  when  pressed  upon  by 
the  finger,  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed.  Frequently,  small  vesicles  appear 
upon  the  inflamed  part,  which  dry  up  and  fidl 
off,  under  the  form  of  branny  scales.  Erysipelas 
is,  generally,  an  acute  affection  :  its  medium  du- 
ration being  from  10  to  14  days.  It  yields,  com- 
monly, to  general  refrigerant  remedies.  Topical 
applications  are  rarely  serviceable.  At  times, 
when  the  disease  approaches  the  phlegmonous 
character,  copious  bleeding  and  other  evacuants 
may  be  required,  as  in  many  cases  of  erysipelas 
of  the  face;  but  this  is  not  commonly  necessary. 
In  most  cases,  indeed,  the  general  action  seems 
deficient,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to  give  tonics. 

When  erysipelas  is  of  a  highly  inflammatory 
character,  and  invades  the  parts  beneath,  it  is 
termed  Erysip'elas  phlegmono'des,  (F.)  Erysipele 
phlegmonenx  :  when  accompanied  with  phlyc- 
tenae,  and  the  inflammation  terminates  in  gan- 
grene, Erysip'elas  gangrceno'sum,  (F.)  Erysipele 
gangreneux  ;  and  when  associated  with  infiltra- 
tion of  serum,  Erysip'elas  oedamato'sum,  (F.)  Ery- 
sipele cedamateux. 

At  times,  the  surface  in  erysipelas  has  a  bronzed 
rather  than  a  red  hue — bronzed  erysipelas. 

Erysipelas,  Broxzed,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Gan- 
grenosum, see  Erysipelas — e.  (Edematosum,  see 
Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmonodes,  see  Erysipelas — e. 
Periodica  nervosa  chronica,  Pellagra — e.  Phlyc- 
tenoides,  Herpes  zoster  —  e.  Pustulosa,  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Zoster,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSIPELATODES,  Erysipelatous. 

ERYSIPELATOUS.  Erym'pelato'des,  Erysi- 
pelato'sus.  Belonging  to  erysipelas;  as  an  ery- 
sipelatous affection. 

Erysipelatous  Ixflammattox,  Inflamm'atio 
erysipelato'sa,  Epiphlogis'ma,  Cuti'ti*.  Dermati'- 
tis.  is  the  character  of  inflammation  which  distin- 
guishes erysipelas,  Erythe'ma  erysiprlato'snm. 

ERYSIPELE,  Erysipelas  —  i.  Ambulant,  see 
Ambulant — e.  Gangreneux,  see  Erysipelas  —  <?. 
(Edemateux,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmonenx,  see 
Erysipelas  —  e.  Serpigineux,  see  Serpiginous  —  e. 
Pustuleux,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSOS.  Erythema. 

ERYTHE'MA,  from  tpvdpaioq,  cpvOpos,  'red,  rose- 
coloured,'  epvdaivu),  'to  redden.'  Inflammatory  blush, 
Erythre'ma,  (F.)  Erytheme.  This  name  is.  some- 
times, given  to  erysipelas,  especially  when  of  a  local 
character.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  morbid  redness 
on  the  cheeks  of  the  hectic,  and  on  the  skin  cover- 
ing bubo,  phlegmon,  <fec.  It  forms  the  fith  genus  of 
the  3d  order,  Exanthemata,  of  Bateman's  classi- 
fication of  cutaneous  diseases;  and  is  defined,  'a 
nearly  continuous  redness  of  some  portion  of  the 
skin,  attended  with  disorder  of  the  constitution, 


ERYTHEMATOUS 


ESOTERIC 


but  not  contagions.'  Many  varieties  are  described 
bj  dermatologists,  —  for  example,  /,'.  intertri'go, 
E.  fugax,  I'.,  papula' turn,  E.  tubervnla' turn,  E. 
nodo'tii  >,  /.'.  larvi,  E.  centrifugum,  E.  margina'- 
tttm,  and  E.  acrodipi'in. 

Erythema  Acbodybia,  Acrodynum —  e.  Am- 
bustio.  Burn — e.  Anthrax,  Anthrax. 

Bbytbe'ma  CKNTiuF'rc.rM.  A  variety  of  ery- 
thema attaoking  the  faee,  commencing  with  a 
small  red  spot,  and  spreading  around,  so  as,  at 
tines,  I  i  tffeet  the  whole  face. 

Bbythbma  E.NDEMicrif,  Pellagra  —  e.  a  Fri- 
gore.  Chilblain. 

BBYTBE'MA    Frr.AX.       Patches    of    erythema, 
that  sometimes  appear  on  the  body  in  febrile  dis- 
teething  children,  &c,  and  which  are  of 
brief  duration. 

BBYTHBMA  GtABCHUBROSmr,  Anthrax— e.  Icho- 
rosuin.  Eczema  mercuriale— e.  Intertrigo,  Chafing. 

BbYTHB'mA  L£VE,  (F.)  Enjthhne  legcr.  Slight 
erythema  affecting  the  skin,  as  in  oedema. 

EBYTBB'MA  Margina'tim,  (F.)  Enjthcme  mar- 
ginal. A  form  in  which  the  prominent  patches 
of  erythema  are  distinctly  separated  from  the 
skin  at  their  margins. 

Erythema  Mercurials,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

Ervthk'ma  Nodo'sum,  (F.)  En/thhne  noueux. 
A  more  severe  form  of  Erythema  tuberculatum. 

Ebytbb'ma  Papuxa'tdm,  (F.)  Enjthhne  papu- 
leux.  Patches  of  erythema,  which  are  at  first  pa- 
pulated.  appearing  on  the  face,  neck,  breast.  Ac, 
of  females,  and  young  persons  more  especially. 

Ebytbema  Pkllagrlm,  Pellagra  —  e.  Pernio, 
Chilblain. 

Ebytbb'ma  Sola're.  A  name  jriven  by  the 
Italians  to  Pellagra,  owing  to  its  being  attended 
with  an  eruption  of  small  red  spots  or  patches  on 
the  parts  that  are  exposed  to  the  sun. 

Ebytbb'ma  Tubbbccla'tum,  E.  tubereulo'nm, 
(F.)  Erythime  tuberculeux.  A  form  of  erythema 
in  which  the  patches  are  in  small  lumps. 

ERYTHEMATOUS,  Erythemat'ie,  Erythema- 
tosus, Erythemat'icus,  (F.)  ErythSmateux.  Ap- 
pertaining or  relating  to  Erythema. 

ERYTIIEUE.  Erythema  — £.  TJger,  Erythe- 
ma la?ve — e.  Marginal,  Erythema  marginatum — 
f.  Noueux,  Erythema  nodosum — e.  Papulc&c, 
Erythema  papnlatnm— 4.  Tuberculeux,  Erythema 
tubercnlatnm. 

ERYT1IR.F.A  CENTAURIUM,  Chironia  cen- 
taunum  —  e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua,  Chironia 
Chileon-. 

ERYTHREMIA.  Plethora. 

BRYTHRAN'CHE,  Angi'na  erysipelato'sa, 
from  cpvOpog,  *  red,'  and  ay%u>,  '  I  suffocate.'  Erv- 
sipelatous  or  erythematous  sore  throat. 

BRYTHREMA,  Erythema. 

BRYTHRINA  MONOSPERMY  Butea  fron- 
dosa. 

ERYTHROniERAS.  Cvnanche  parotide. 

BRYTHRODANUM,  Rubia, 

E  R '  Y  T  11  R  0  I  D,  Eryth ro'dte,  Erythroi'dee. 
Reddish. 

BaYTHRorn  Coat,  Tu'nica  erythro'de*.  Vagi- 
Hal  coat  of  the  testis. 

Bb'ytbboid  Ves'icle,  Veric'nla  ErythroVdca. 
A  vesicle  of  the  ffjetus  described  by  Pockels  and 
others.  It  is  pyriform,  and  mnch  longer  than, 
although  of  the  same  breadth  as,  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  Yelpeau,  Weber,  and  others,  doubt  its 
being  a  physiological  condition. 
BRYTHRONIUM,  B.  Americannm. 

ErYTHRO'KIDM     AmBRIOA'MUM,    E.     llnrnm     SCU 

dena  earn*  sea  laneeola'tum  sen  long ifo' Hum,  Com- 
mon Erythrt/nium,  (from  tpvOpo<,  'red,'  which 
.apply  to  the  American  species,) 
Yellow  8nak9.Ua/,  Yellow  Adder* 9  tongue,  Adder- 
leaj,  Dog  ri'olct,  Dog's  tooth  violet,  Rattleenake 
23 


oi'olef,     Lamb* 9    tongue,    Scrofula    root,     Yellow 
Snowdrop.     <>,<l.  Lfliacece.     This   plant  la  pot- 

Of  emetic  properties,  but  is  rarely,  if  ever, 
used.     The   root  and  herb,    Erythro'niu 
U.  S.,)  are  in  the  Seoondary  list  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States, 

BrYTHROBIOM  DBMS  Cams,  E.  Americannm  — 
e.  Flavum,  E.  Americannm — e.  Lanceolatum,  E. 
Americannm — c.  Longifolium,  B.  Americannm 

ERYTHROPIILEUM  JUDICIAL!;,  Sassy- 
bark  tree. 

ERYTHROPYRA.  Erysipelas. 
ERYTHRORRHIZA  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  Ga- 
lax aphvlla. 

ERYTHROSIS,  Plethora. 

ES'APHE,  from  toaipuw,  (cia,  and  a<pcuo,  'I  feel,') 
'I  feel  inside/  (F.)  Le  Toucher,  Le  Toucher  vagi- 
nal. The  introduction  of  a  finger  or  fingers  into 
the  vagina,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the 
condition  of  the  uterus.  It  is  employed  to  verify 
the  existence  or  non-existence  of  pregnancy  anil 
its  different  stages ;  to  detect  certain  affections  or 
faults  of  conformation  in  the  genital  organs  and 
pelvis;  and,  during  the  process  of  accouchement, 
to  examine  into  the  progress  of  labour,  <fcc. 
ESCA,  Aliment. 
ESCARA,  Eschar. 

ESCARGOT,  Helix  pomatia,  Limax. 
ESCHALOTTE,  Echalotte. 

ESCHAR,  Es'chara,  £axaPa>  (01d  Eng-)  Asher, 
a  slough,  a  crust  or  scab.  The  crust  or  disor- 
ganized portion,  arising  from  the  mortification  of 
a  part,  and  which  is  distinguishable  from  the 
living  parts  by  its  colour,  consistence,  and  other 
physical  properties.  The  inflammation  which  it 
excites  in  the  contiguous  parts,  gives  occasion  to 
a  secretion  of  pus  between  the  living  and  dead 
parts,  which  ultimately  completely  separates  the 
latter. 

ESCIIARA.  Vulva. 

ESCHAR OT'IC,  Escharot'icum,  from  eeyapa. 
'eschar.'  Any  substance,  which,  when  applied 
upon  a  living  part,  gives  rise  to  an  eschar,  such 
as  caustic  jjotussa:  the  concentrated  mitten. I 
acid 8,  <fcc. 

Escharotic  Poisox.  see  Poison. 
ESCHELLOHE,   MINERAL  WATERS    OF. 
This  water  rises  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near 
the  convent  of  Etal  in  Bavaria.    It  is  a  sulphurs- 
saline. 

ESCIIID'XA  OCELLA'TA.    A  very  poisonous 
viper,  which    inhabits    the  sugar-cane    fields  of 
Peru.     Its  bite  is  almost  instantaneously  fatal 
ESCORZOXERA.  Scorzonera. 
ESCREVISSE,  Crab. 
ESCULAPIAN,  Medical. 
ES'CULENT,   EteuUu'tun,    Ed'ible,   Eat'ablr, 
Ciba'riou9,    from    eeea,  'food.'     (F.)    Comeetiblfi. 
Such  plants  or  smh  parts  of  plants  .or  animals  as 
may  be  eaten  for  food. 
ESJlRE,  Ordeal  nut. 
ESKIN,  Singultus. 

ESO,  tou>,  'within.'  A  prefix  which  signifies 
an  affection  of  an  internal  part:  as  E*oi  iteri'ti*, 
inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane  of  the  intes- 
tines:  —  Eeogaatri'ti9,  inflammation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  stomach,  Ac. 
ESOCHAS,  Esoche. 

ES'OCHE,  Ex'ochas.  A  tumour— as  a  hemor- 
rhoid—within  the  anus. 

BSOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

ESODIC,  Afferent. 

ES0ENTBRITI8,  see  Enteritis 

ESOGA8TRITI8,  Endogastritis. 

ESOTBR'IC,  couTtpos,  'interior,'  from  ceo, 
'within.'  Private:  interior:  in  contradistinction 
to  Exoier*\t,  pnblie,  exterior.  Hence,  we  speak 
of  'esoteric  and  exoteric  causes  of  disease.' 


ESOTERISM 


5  4 


ETAGE 


ES'OTERISM,  MED'ICAL.  Same  etymon  as 
Esoteric.  A  term  used  by  M.  Simon,  in  his  De- 
ontologie  medicale,  for  that  esotery,  or  mystery 
and  secresy,  with  which  the  practitioner  performs 
his  daily  duties,  and  which,  he  conceives,  he  is 
compelled  to  adopt  by  the  prejudices  and  igno- 
rance of  his  patients. 

ESP  ACES  INTERCOSTAUX,  see  Costa. 

ESPECES,  Species,  see  Pulvis— e.  Pulveru- 
lentes,  se^  Pulvis. 

ESPECES  VULXERAIRES,  Falltranck. 

ESPHLA'SIS,  from  t s,  eis,  '  inwards,'  and  </>>aw, 
'  I  break,  bruise,'  <fcc.  A  fracture  of  the  skull  by 
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed. 
See  Depression,  and  Enthlasis. 

ESPRIT,  Spirit  —  e.  d' Ammonia que,  Spiritus 
ammoniae — e.  d'Anis,  Spiritus  anisi — e.  de  Bois, 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus —  e.  de  Camphre,  Spiritus 
camphorae — e.  de  Cannelle,  Spiritus  cinnamomi — 
e.  de  Carvi,  Spiritus  carui — e.  d' Ether  Sul/urique, 
Spiritus  aetheris  sulphurici  compositus — e.  de  Ge- 
nievre  compose,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — e. 
d'lva,  Achillea  moschata — e.  de  Lavande,  Spiritus 
Lavandulae  —  e.  de  Lavande  compose,  Spiritus 
Lavandulae  compositus  —  e.  de  Mentke  potvr£} 
Spiritus  menthae  piperita? — e.  de  Muscade,  Spiri- 
tus myristicae — e.  de  Pouliot,  Spiritus  pulegii — e. 
Pyroxylique,  Spiritus  pyroxylicus  —  e.  de  Rai- 
fort  compose,  Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus — e. 
de  Romarin,  Spiritus  rosmarini — e.  de  Vin  delay  e, 
Spiritus  tenuior — e.  de  Vin  rectifie,  Spiritus  rec- 
tificatus. 

ESPRITS  ANIMAUX,  Nervous  fluid. 

ESQUILLE,  Splinter. 

ESQUIXAXCIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ESQUTXE,  Smilax  China. 

ES'SENCE,  Essen'tia,  corrupted  from  existen- 
tia,  'standing  out,'  [?]  or,  from  esse,  'to  be.'  By 
some,  used  synonymously  with  volatile  oil;  by 
others,  with  simple  tincture.  The  oil  of  'pepper- 
mint is  the  oil  obtained  by  distillation;  the 
essence,  the  oil  diluted  with  spirit.  See  Tinctura 
olei  menthae. 

Essence  op  Anise,  Essentia  anisi — e.  of  Bar- 
dana,  Hill's,  Tincturi  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  e.  of 
Caraway,  Essentia  Carui — e.  of  Cinnamon,  Essen- 
tia Cinnamomi — e.  of  Coltsfoot,  see  Tinctura  ben- 
zoini  composita — e.  of  Fennel,  Essentia  Foeniculi 
—  e.  of  Musk,  Tinctura  moschi  —  e.  of  Mustard 
Pills,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Mustard, 
"Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Pennyroyal, 
Essentia  menthas  pulegii — e.  of  Peppermint,  Tinc- 
tura olei  menthae  piperitae — e.  of  Pimento,  Essen- 
tia Pimentae — e.  of  Rosemary,  Essentia  Rosma- 
rini—  e.  of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia  —  e.  of 
Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  menthae  viridis  —  e.  of 
Spruce,  see  Pinus  Abies. 

ESSENCES,  Olea  volatilia. 

ESSENTIA,  Essence,  Tincture  —  e.  Abietis, 
see  Pinus  abies  —  e.  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  —  e. 
Absinthii  amara,  Tinctura  A.  composita — e.  Ab- 
sinthii  composita,  Tinctura  A.  composita. 

Essen'tiv  Ani'si,  Essence  of  Anise.  (01. 
Anisi,  f|.i;  Sp.  recti/,  fgix.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
ttVxx  to  f^j,  as  a  carminative. 

Essentia.  Antimonii  seu  Stibti,  Vinum  anti- 
monii  tartarizati — e.  Antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tinc- 
tura cinchona?  composita — e.  Aromatica,  Tinctura 
cinnamomi  composita. 

Essentia  Carui,  Essence  of  Car' away.  (01. 
Carui  fgj;  Sp.  recti/,  fjfir.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  xx  to  f^j,  as  a  carminative. 

Essentia  Castorei,  Tinctura  castorei — e.  Ca- 
tholica  purgans  Rothii,  Tinctura  jalapii  compo- 
sita—  e.  de  Cedro,  Oleum  cedrinum  —  e.  Chinae, 
Tinctura  cinchonae  composita  —  e.  Cinnamomi, 
Tinctura  cinnamomi. 


Essentia  Cinnamo'mi,  Essence  of  Cin'namon. 
(01.  Cinnam.  f £j j  Sp.  rect.  f^ix.  M.)  Dose, 
gtt.  x  to  XX. 

Essentia  Fcenic'uli,  Essence  of  Fennel.  (01. 
Foenic.  f  ^j ;  Alcohol,  f^ix,  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  xx  to  f^j. 

Essentia  Mentha  Piperita,  Tinctura  olei 
menthas  piperitae. 

Essentia  Mentha  Pule'gii,  Essence  of  Penny- 
royal. (01.  Puleg.  f*j;  Sp.  recti/  f^ix.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  gtt.  xv  to  xxx. 

Essentia  Mentha  Viridis,  Tinctura  olei  men- 
thae viridis. 

Essentia  Myrist'ice  Moscha't^e,  Essence  of 
Nutmeg.  (01.  Myrist.  f%y,  Sp.  recti/,  fjix.  M. 
Ph.  D:)     Dose,  gtt.  xx — xxx. 

Essentia  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium — e. 
Corticis  Peruviani  antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tinctura 
cinchonae  composita — e.  Corticis  Peruviani  com- 
posita, Tinctura  cinchonae  amara. 

Essentia  Pimen't.e,  Essence  o/ Pimen'to.  (01. 
Piment.  f^i;  Sp.  recti/  f.^ix.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  xxx  ad  lx. 

Essentia  Rosmari'ni,  Essence  o/  Rose'mary. 
(01.  Rosmari'ni  f%y,  Sp.  recti/,  f^ix.  M.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  gtt.  xxx  ad  gtt.  lx. 

ESSEN'TIAL,  Essentia'lis.  The  word  essential 
has  been  applied  to  the  immediate  or  active  prin- 
ciples of  vegetables,  which  were  believed  to  be 
endowed  with  the  properties  of  the  plants  from 
which  they  were  extracted.  Essential  oil  was  so 
called  because  it  was  regarded  as  the  only  imme- 
diate principle  which  was  essential.  This  expres- 
sion is  retained.  Essential  salts  are  true  salts  or 
extracts  which  exist,  ready  formed,  in  vegetables  ; 
and  which  are  obtained  by  distillation,  incinera- 
tion, or  some  other  process. 

An  essential  disease  is  synonymous  with  a  ge- 
neral disease;  that  is,  one  not  depending  on  any 
local  affection, — not  symptomatic.     See  Entity. 

ES'SERA,  Es'sere,  Sora,  Saire,  Sare,  Morbus 
porci'nus,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtica'ria  jiorcell'ana, 
(F.)  Ampoxdes,  Porcelaine.  Of  Arabic  deriva- 
tion. A  species  of  cutaneous  eruption,  consist- 
ing of  small,  reddish  tubercles  over  the  whole 
body,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  itching. 
It  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  lichen  or  urticaria. 
See  Lichen  tropicus. 

ESSIE U,  Axis. 

ESSOUFFLEMENT,  Anhelatio. 

ESTHEMA,  Vestitus. 

ESTHESIS,  Vestitus. 

ESTHIOMEXE,  Esthiomenus. 

ESTHIOM'ENUS,  Estiom'enns,  from  caBico.  « I 
eat.'  Ex'edens.  (F.)  Esthiomene.  That  which 
devours  or  eats  away.  Certain  ulcers  and  erup- 
^  tions — Dartres  rongeantes — are  so  called. 

ES'TIVAL,  uEsti'vus ;  from  castas,  cBstatis, 
'summer.'  Happening  in  summer,  belonging  to 
summer.  This  epithet  is  given  to  summer  dis- 
eases, so  called  because  they  reign  at  that  season, 
and  appear  to  depend  on  the  influence  exerted 
by  it  on  the  animal  eeonomy.  In  the  United 
States,  the  term  summer  disease  or  complaint 
means  disorder  of  the  bowels;  as  diarrhoea, 
cholera  morbus,  &c. 

E STOMA  C,  Stomach. 

ESTRAGOX.  Artemisia  dracunculus. 

ESULA  CYPARISSIAS.  Euphorbia  cyparis- 
sias  —  e.  Major,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Minor, 
Euphorbia  cyparissias. 

ESULE.  GRAXDE,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

ESURIES,  Hunger. 

ESURIGO,  Hunger. 

ESURITIO,  Hunger. 

ESYCHIA,  Acinesia. 

ETAGE,  Stage. 


E  TA  IX 


ETOUFFEMEXT 


STAIN,  Tin— 4.  dc  Glace,  Bismuth — ' 
Bismuth. 

STAT,  Acme — S.  GranuUux  du  JUin,  Kidney.. 
Blight's  Disease  of  the. 
E  TEEM  'EMEU  r.  Sneering. 
BTESTICULATIO,  Castration. 
ETHER,  .Ether.  .Ether  sulphuricus — e.  Acetic, 
lique,  see  .Ether  sulphuricus — 
'.-.her  sulphuricus —  e.   At 
-   iritus  aetheria  oitrici. 
a,  Chloric,  see  Chloroform.     Under  the 
Bamea  concentrated  chloric  ether  and  ttrong  chl<>- 
er  —  a  compound  of  pure  chloroform  and 
pearly  absolute  alcohol,  in  the  proportion  of  one- 
tiiird   of  the  former  to  two-thirds   of  the  latter — 
u  used  as  an  aiuvsthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
sulphuric  ether  and  chloroform. 
It  is  properly  an  alcoholic  solution  or  tincture  of 
chloroform. 

Ether,  Chxorohtdric,  Chlorinated,  see 
JEther  muriatieus — £.  Chlorohtfdrique,  see  JSther 
sulphuricus — L  Chlorohydrique  chlore,  see  iEther 
uiuria' 

Bthkr,  Compound.  A  preparation  consisting 
of  a  solution  of  chloroform  in  sulphuric  ether, 
which  has  been  used  as  an  antithetic  by  inhala- 
tion, in  the  same  cases  as  chloroform. 

ETHER.  II  TDRA  TIQUE,  -Ether  sulphuricus 
— e.  Hydriodic,  .Ether  hydriodicus — 4.  Hydriqne 
nleoolisi,  Spiritus  ajtheris  sulphurici  compositns 
— e.  Hydrochloric,  see  .Ether — e.  Hydrochloric, 
Spirit  of.  Spiritus  aetheria  muriatici — e.  Hydro- 
r  hydrocyanicua —  e.  Iodhydric, 
.Ether  hydriodicus — e.  Marine.  .Ether  muriatieus 
—  e.  Muriatic.  .Ether  muriatieus  —  e.  Muriatic, 
spirit  of,  Spiritus  aetheria  muriatici — e*.  Nitreux, 
ler  sulphuricus — e.  Nitric,  see  ^Ether — e. 
Nitrique,  see  .Ether  sulphuricus — e.  Nitrous,  see 
—  e.  Phosphoric,  see  JEther  —  e.  Prussic, 
bydrocyanicus — e.  Rectified,  JEther  sul- 
phuricus—*'. Sulfurique,  iEther  sulphuricus — >. 
Suffurique  alcoolisi,  Spiritus  aetheris  sulphurici 
situs — e.  Sulphuric.  .Ether  sulphuricus — e. 
Terebinthinated,  .Ether  terebinthinatus — t'.  17- 
triolique,  .Ether  sulphuricus, 

ETHEREAL,  .Ethereal. 

ETH  ERE.  ethereal. 

ETHEREOUS,  .Ethereal. 

BTHERINE,  HYDROCYANATE  OF.  iEther 
bydrocyanicus — e.  Muriate  of,  .Ether  muriatieus. 

E'THERISM.  The  aggregate  of  phenomena 
induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether — AEtheritm've. 

ETHERIZA'TION,  sEtheriea'tia.  The  admi- 
nistration  of  ether  by  inhalation,  as   an  anSBS- 

E'THERIZED,  Mtheriaa'tue.     Presenting  the 
phenomena  induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether. 
ETHEROLA  '/'.  ithiraL     The  product  of  the 

it  ion  of  ether  on  aromatic  substances. 
ETHB'ROLATURE,  Bee  Tincture. 
BTHEROLE.     A  liquid  medicine  formed  of 
nl  medicinal  principles  united  with  it  by 
ilntion  or  simple  mixture.— B.'ral. 

nena  -/<    tireointhine.     See  Liquor 
anodynns  terebinthinatus. 

£th£R0LIQUE,  EtheroVi*.  A  medicine 
which  baa  ether  lor  excipient.— B.'ral. 

VEROLOTIF.      An    etherolic    medicine 
whi.-h  i-  exclusively  employed  externally. 
rHICS,  MEDICAL,  Deontology,  medical. 
ETHIK,  Hectic. 
BTHrOPl  \\.  see  Homo. 

El  UI8IS,  Piltration. 
HI8MDB,  Filtration. 

ETHMOCBPHALE,    Eth, ph'aluej    from 

'the   ethmoidal    portion    of  the 


uul  KC(pa\rj,  'head.'  A  genua  of  monsters, 
with  eyes  close  together,  but  distinct;  the  nasal 
apparatus  atrophied  and  rudimental.  —  I.  Q.  Bt. 
Hils 

ETH'MOID,  Ethmo'dee,  EthmeU'dee,  EthmoV- 
:  un    Tid/iOi,   'a   sieve,'    and    tidos,    'form.' 
Shaped  like  a  si 

EtIIMoIP    Bn.NK,    ()i  eth  inn'id \  um  SCU   inultifor'  m?. 

seu  sponyio'sum   seu  epongoVde*   seu    eribro'enm 

sen  <  rili rif or' mt  seu  Cu'bicUM  seu  crixta' turn  seu 
foraminulen'tum  SCU  col  for' me  SCU  co/ato'  riiim , 
(F.)  08  cribleux.  One  of  the  eight  bones  which 
16  the  cranium;  so  called,  because  its  Upper 
plate  is  pierced  by  a  considerable  number  of 
The  ethmoid  bone  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
i1  rior,  inferior,  and  middle  part  of  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  seems  to  be  composed  of  a  multitude 
||  of  thin,  fragile,  semi-transparent  laminae,  which 
form  more  or  less  spacious  cells,  called  the  Eth- 
moidal labyrinth  or  cells,  distinguished  into  ante- 
rior and  posterior.  These  communicate  with  the 
ind  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pituitary  membrane.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  con- 
stituted of  compact  tissue,  and  is  surrounded  by 
the  Ethmoid  suture.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal  and  sphenoidal  bones,  the  eornua  wphi  noi- 
da/ia,  the  superior  maxillary  boms,  the  paint*'. 
bones,  the  oeta  turbinata  xnferiora,  the  vomer,  the 
proper  hone*  of  the  nose,  and  the  lachrymal  bonet. 

ETHMOID'AL,  Ethmoidal!*.  Belonging  to 
the  ethmoid  bone:  as,  Ethmoidal  cells,  E.  suture, 
&c.  The  Ethmoi'dal  apoph'ysie  or proceat  is  the 
advanced  part  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  which  articu- 
lates with  the  ethmoid.  The  ethmoidal  arteries 
are  two  in  number,  the  anterior  of  which  arises 
from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  origin  of  the 
other  varies.  The  Echancrure  ethmoid  ale  of  the  os 
frontis  receives  the  ethmoid  bones.  The  Ethmoi- 
dal  veins  correspond  to  the  arteries. 

ETHMOSE,  Cellular  tissue. 

ETHMOSYNE,  Habit. 

ETHMYPHE.  Cellular  tissue. 

ETHMYPHI'TIS.  Injlamma'tio  tela  cellulo'sce, 
from  riQfios,  'a  sieve,'  'v<pv,  'texture,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane. 

ETIIMYPHOTYLOSIS,  Induration  of  the  eel- 
lular  tissue. 

1 ". T 1 1  .\  '  >  < ; '  R  A  PII Y,  Eth nograph ' in  ;  from  iBvoe, 
'nation,'  and  ypaipn*  'a  description.'  A  history 
of  the  races  and  families  of  man. 

ETHNOL"OGY,  Ethnolog"ia;  from  tfl.oj,  'na- 
tion,' and  Xoyoi,  'a  discourse.'  The  science  of 
the  races  and  families  of  man. 

ETHOS,  Habit. 

E  THESE,  .Ethusa  cynapium  —  e.  Jleum, 
.Ethusa   nicuin. 

ETHYLS,  CHLORIDE  OF,  .Ether  muri- 
atieus— e.  Cyanuret  of,  .Ether  bydrocyanicus. 

BTICK,   Hectic. 

ETIOLA'TION,  Blanching,  (F.)  ttiolemmt. 
That  state  of  planta  which  occurs  in  consequence 
of  privation  of  light,  when  they  become  pale  and 
watery.  In  pathology,  it  i<  sometimes  used  to 
denote  the  paleness  produced  in  those  personi 
who   have    been    kept    long   without    light;    or   a 

similar  paleness,  the  recall  of  chronic  dtst 

BTIOLEMENT,  Etiolation. 

II  tOLOOY,  /Etiologia. 

BTIQ1  BTTE,  MEDICAL.  Deontology,  me- 
dical. 

ET/SE.  Hectisls — t.  Mtsenttrique,  Tabes  me- 
•a. 

BTNAGH-BERRIES,  see  Juniperus  commu- 
nis. 

&TOILE.  Stella. 

El  "WEE.  Stunned. 

E H>ll -j  EM EXT,  Suffocation. 


tiTOUPE 


356 


EUPATORIUM 


^TOUPE,  Stupa. 

JETO  UR  DISS  EM  EXT,  Vertigo. 

ETRAXGLE-L  0  UP,  Paris. 

ETRANGLEMENT,  Strangulation,  Hysteria 
— i.  des  Intestins,  Entereinphraxis. 

ETRAXGUILLOX,  from  ttrangler,  < to 
strangle.'  An  ancient  French  appellation  for  a 
violent  angina  accompanied  by  symptoms  of 
imminent  asphyxia. 

E TRIER,  Stapes. 

ETROX1,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

ETROX'CUS,  from  vrpov,  'the  lower  belly/ 
and  oyKos,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of  the  lower 
bully. 

ETTICK,  Hectic  fever. 

ETTLE,  Urtica. 

E  T CI  D  E  L'HIPP  0  CA 3IPE.  A  name  given 
by  Vicq  d'Azyr  to  the  upper  part  of  the  sphe- 
noidal portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  bounded  by  the  lateral  cornu  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

ETUVE,  Stove — e.  Humide,  Bath,  vapour. 

ETUVER,  to  Foment. 

EU,  ev,  'good,  proper/  when  prefixed  to  words. 
Hence : 

EUJE'MIA,  from  ev,  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A 
good  condition  of  the  blood. 

EU-ESTHE'SIA,  from  ev,  and  aio6n<ns,  'per- 
ception.' Vigorous  perception.  A  good  condition 
of  the  perceptive  faculties. 

EU.ESTHE'TOS.  Same  etymon.  One  whose 
senses  are  in  full  vigor. 

EUANALEP'SIS,  from  ev,  and  ava^n,  're- 
covery.'    Rapid  restoration  to  strength. 

EUANTHEMON,  Anthemis  nobilis. 

EUCALYP'TUS  MANNIF'ERA,  (ev,  'well.' 
and  Ka\vzTog,  'covered.')  From  this  Australian 
species,  Order,  Myrtaceae,  a  manna-like  substance 
exudes,  which  has  similar  properties  to  manna. 

Eucalyptus  Resinifera,  see  Kino. 

EUCHRCE'A,  from  ev,  and  xpota>  'colour.'  A 
good  or  healthy  colour  of  the  skin.  A  good 
appearance  of  the  surface. 

EUCHYM'IA,  from  ev,  and  ^v//of,  'juice.'  A 
good  state  of  the  humours. 

EUCRA'SIA,  from  ev,  and  Kpaeis,  'tempera- 
ment.'    A  good  temperament. 

EUDIAPXEUS'TIA,  from  evStmvevaros,  (ev, 
and  cia-iot], — Sia,  and  ttvov,  'breath)  /  'one  who 
breathes  well.'     Easy  transpiration. 

EUECTICA  (medicina),  Gymnastics. 

EUEL'CES,  from  ev,  and  'e^Kog,  'an  ulcer.' 
One  in  whom  wounds  and  ulcers  are  readily 
healed. 

EU'EMES,  Euem'etos,  from  ev,  and  e/xeu),  'I 
vomit.'  That  which  readily  excites  vomiting. 
One  who  vomits  with  facility. 

EUETHES,  Benign. 

EUEX'IA,  from  ev,  and  'ei-is,  'constitution.' 
A  good  constitution. 

E UPRAISE,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUGE'XIA  CARYOPHYLLA'TA,  called  after 
Prince  Eugene.  Garrophyl'lus,  Caryophyl'lus  aro- 
mnt'icus,  Jfyrtus  cnryophyl'lus.  The  Indian  tree 
which  affords  the  clove.  Order,  Myrtaceae.  The 
Clove,  Cnryophyl'lus,  C.  aromat'icus,  is  the  unex- 
panded  bud,  (F.)  Girofle,  Gerofle,  Gyrophle,  Clou 
de  Girofle.  Its  odour  is  strong,  aromatic,  and 
peculiar;  taste,  pungent  and  acrid.  Like  all 
substances  whose  virtue  depends  upon  essential 
oil,  it  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  It  is  gene- 
rally used  as  a  corrigent  to  other  remedies,  and 
in  cases  where  substances  containing  the  essen- 
tial oils  are  demanded.  The  oil  —  (F.)  Huile  de 
Gerofle;  Oleum  caryophyl'li,  Oil  of  Cloves — has 
the  properties  of  the  cloves. 

Eugenia  Pimexta,  Myrtus  pimenta. 


EUGION,  Hymen. 

EULE,  evlii,  'a  worm.'  EuIcb,  tv\ai,  with  Hip- 
pocrates, meant  especially  worms  bred  in  a  wound 
or  ulcer. 

EULOPHIA,  see  Salep. 

EUNUCH,  Eunu'chus,  from  ewv,  'the  bed/ 
and  £^w,  'I  keep.'  Heminn'drus,  Hemianor,  He- 
mianthro'pus,  Semi  mas,  Semimns' cuius,  Semi- 
mnscida'tus,  Semivir,  Thla'dias,  Thln'sins,  Thlib'- 
ins,  Castra'tus,  Gullus,  Excastra'tus,  Erim'tus, 
Emascidn'tus,  Spndo,  Exsec'tus,  Extesticuln'tus, 
Extom'ius.  (F.)  Eumique.  One  whose  organs 
of  generation  have  been  removed,  or  so  altered, 
that  he  is  rendered  incapable  of  reproducing  his 
species,  or  of  exercising  the  act  of  venery.  Eu- 
nuchs were  common  with  the  ancient  Romans. 
In  Italy,  this  horrible  mutilation  still  takes  place 
to  improve  the  voice ;  and  in  the  East,  eunuchs 
have  the  surveillance  of  the  seraglio. 

EUXUCHISMUS,  Castration. 

EUNUCHIUM  MECONIS,  Lactuca. 

EUXUCHUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EUNUQUE,  Eunuch. 

EUODES,  Beneolentia. 

EUONYMUS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

EuON'VMUS  America'xus.  Strnwberry  bush, 
Strawberry  tree,  Burning  bush,  Indian  arrmc- 
icood.  A  shrub  of  the  Ord.  Celastraceae,  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  which,  like  the 
next,  is  found  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  flowering  from  May  to  June. 

EUON'THUS  Atropurpu'reus,  Burning  bush, 
Spindle  tree,  Indian  Arrow-wood,  flowers  from 
June  to  July. 

From  these  varieties  of  Euonymus  the  Wnhoo 
or  Whahoo  bark  is  said  to  be  obtained.  It  is  diu- 
retic, antiperiodic,  tonic,  and  a  hydragogue  ca- 
thartic, and  has  been  used  in  dropsy  in  infusion, 
in  the  proportion  of  an  ounce  to  a  pint  of  water. 

EUPATHI'A,  from  ev,  and  iraSos,  'suffering.' 
A  disposition  for  being  affected  by  pain  easily. 
Also,  a  good  state  of  health — Euphor'ia. 

EUPATOIRE  L-'AVICEXXE,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — c.  Perce/euille,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

EUPATORIUM,  (called  after  Mithridates  Eu- 
pator,)  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

EuPATO'RIDM  AgerATOi'dES,  E.  Urticifo'lium, 
Age'ratum  altiss'iiuum,  White  Snakeroot ;  indige- 
nous; flowering  in  August  and  September;  has  the 
same  properties  as  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

Eupatorium  AroMAT'icUV,  Aromat'ic  Enpato'- 
rium  or  Hempweed,  has  similar  properties. 

Eupato'rium  Canwab'inum,  Evpato'rium,  E. 
Arnb'icum  seu  Japon'icum  seu  trifolia'tum,  E. 
of  Avieen'na,  Cnnnnb'inn  aquat'ica,  Trifo'lium 
cervi'iium,  Orig'nnum  nquat'icum,  Hemp  ag'ri- 
mony,  Herb  of  Saint  Cunegonde,  (F.)  Eupatoire 
d'Avicenne.  0>d.  Compositae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesia  Eequalis.  The  juice  of  this  plant  proves 
violently  emetic  and  purgative,  if  taken  in  suffi- 
cient quantity.  It  has  been  considered  diuretic, 
cathartic,  and  emetic. 

Eupatorium  Coxxatum,  E.  perfoliatum  —  e. 
Guaco,  Guaco — e.  Japonicum,  E.  Cannabinum — 
e.  Mesues,  Achillea  ageratum. 

Eupatorium  Perfolia'tum.  E.  Conna'tum, 
Boneset,  Thor'oughwort,  Thor'oughstem,  Thor- 
ougkwax,  Veg"etable  ant'imony,  Crosswort,  Ague- 
weed,  Feverwort,  Indian  sage,  Joe-pye,  Teazel, 
Sweating  plant,  (F.)  Eupatoire  percefeuille,  is  a 
plant  which  grows  in  low,  wet  meadows  through- 
out the  United  States.  The  tops  and  leaves — 
Eupato'rium,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  are  considered  to  be 
stimulating,  tonic,  emetic,  purgative,  diuretic, 
and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr.  xv  of  the  powder,  as  a 
gentle  purgative. 

Eupatorium,  Purple-Stalked,  E.purpureum. 


EUPEPSIA 


EUSOMTIIALIEX 


ElTPATOltnm  Purpu'rbum,  Mokawktaseel,  Pur- 
ple-etalked  Eupato'rium,  Trumpet  weed,  Joe  Pye- 
ueai.  Gravelroot,  is  used  in  similar  oases,  as  well  us 

Err  ltoridm  Rotundifo'lium,  Round-leaved 
lit  mpun  ed,   Wild  horekouud  ; 

Eupatoriuh  Sbssiupo'lium,  Upland  Boneset, 
a  n-1 

EUPATORIUH  TbUCRIFO'LTUM,    Wild  horchound, 
I  horehound,  Rough  boneset. 
lTorii  m  Tripoliatum,  B.  Oannabinum — 
t,  [Trticifolium,  E.  ageratoides. 

BUPBP'SIA,  Brora  to,  and  -t-ru,  'I   digest.' 
,  digestion.     The  antithesis  to  dyspepsia. 

BUPBP'TIC,  Eupep'tus,  Eupep'tieue.  Same 
etymon.  Relating  to  a  good  digestion.  One  en- 
dowed with  Jtion. 

EUPHLO'GIA,  from  tv,  and  <p\tyu,  'I  burn.' 
Mild  inflammation.     Variola. 

BU'PHONY,  Eupho'nia,  from  tv,  and  <pu)vri, 
•  voice.'     An  agreeable  or  regular  voice. 

EUPIJORBE CYPRUS,  E.  cyparissias— e.des 
Kara  in,  E.  palnstris — e.  Vomitive,  E.  ipecacuanha. 

BUPHOR'BIA  CAPITA'TA,  Caaeiea.  Ord. 
Buphorbiaoeae.  Called  after  Euphorbus,  phy- 
gieian  to  king  Juba.  A  Brazilian  plant,  which  is 
Strongly  astringent  and  not  poisonous.  It  is 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  the 
Mtes  <>t  serpents.  It  is,  also,  called  Colubri'na 
Lusitan'ica. 

Euphorbia  Caput  Mepd'sje.  A  South  African 
plant,  with  which,  according  to  Bruce,  the  wild 
Inhabitants  poison  their  arrows.  The  Ethiopians 
r  the  same  purpose,  Euphor'bia  heptago'na, 
>'sa,  and  E.  cereiform'is ;  the  savages,  in 
the  most  southern  part  of  America,  the  sap  of  E. 
totini/o'lia. 

Euphorbia  Cereiformis,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Medu 

Euphorbia  Corolla'ta,  Large  flowering 

.    Milkweed,    Snakes'   milk,    Fpeeaeuan'ha, 

Hippo,  Picac,  lp' ecac,  Milk purslain,  Purgeroot, 

Emtt'ic  root,  Bowman's  root,  Apple  root,  Indian 

Phytic  :  indigenous  ;  has  similar  properties  to  the 

The  dose  of  the  root  is  the  same. 

Euphorbia  Cotinifolia,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Medu 

El  PHORBIA      CYPARIS'SIAS,       E.      Cypres*' inn, 
Es'ula  minor  seu  Cyparissias,  Tithym'alus   <';<p<<- 
rii'si'is.  Cypress  spurge,  Welcome  to  our  house,  (F.) 
Euphorbe  cypres.     This,  like  most  of  the  spurges, 
is    very   acrimonious.     Amongst    the   rustics,    it 
rmerly  called  poor  won'*  rhubarb,  and  was, 
[Uently,  a  laxative.      It  is  not  used. 
Euphorbia  Ctprbssixa,  E.  Cyparissias. 
Euphorbia   Helioscop'ia,   E.   obtura'ta,  Sun 
spurge,  Wa rt wort  spurge ;  indigenous.     The  juice 
:i  given  in  syphilis.     It   is   said  to  be  ca- 
thartic. 

Euphorbia  IIkptagon-a,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Medu 

BORBIA     HtPBRICIFO'LIA,      Large     spotted 
sj,nr:p  ,  Eyebright.     A  native  of  the  United  States. 
tringent  and  tonic.     Used  in  infusion — ■ 
1  >  j  "f  boiling  water.      Dose,  a  tablespoon- 
fid.     Euphorbia    Macula'ta,    Milk    Purslane, 
Spotted  spurge,  lias  similar  properties. 

Ei  PHORBIA   [pecacuah'ha,  Anisophyll'um  Ipe- 

eaeuanha,  Ipecacuanha  spurge,  Wild  ip'ecac.  (E.) 

Euphorbe    vomitive.     This    Bpecies    <>i'  .-purge    is 

common  in  the  southern  and  middle  parts   of  the 

United  5tal         The  root  i.-  a  powerful  emetic,  in 

the  dose  of  from  five  to  fifteen  grains  :  twenty 

grains    act   as    a    cathartic    likewise.      In    largo 

narcotico-acrid. 

Ei  PHORBIA  Lath'yris.     The  systematic  name 

of  the  plant  which  affords  the  lesser  catapu'tia 

Catapu'tia  minor,  Caper  Spurge,  Lath'yris, 

Oar* den    spurge,    Caper  plant,    Mole-plant,    7Y- 

thym'alus     lati/u'lius     seu    lath'yris,     O'alarhu' us 


Lath'yris,  (F.)  E~purge  ou  grande  Esnlc.  The 
Seeds  possess  cathartic  properties,  and  an  cx- 
I  oil  of  the  seeds  —  O'leum  Euphor'bia 
Lathy r'idis,  (V.)  ffuile  cTepurgt — has  been  given 
as  a  cathartic  in  the  dose  of  six  to  twelve  drops. 
Euphorbia  Ma<  dlata,  see  E.  bypericifolia  — 

e.  .Myrtifolia,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides  —  e. 
Obturata,  E.  helioscopia. 

Euphorbia  Officiwa'ruk.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  which  affords  the  Euphor'bium, 
Euphor'bia  gummi-resi'na,  Gum  mi  euphorbia,  in 
greatest  abundance.  The  eupborbinm  is  an  in- 
odorous gom-resin,  in  yellow  tears,  which  have 
the  appearance  of  being  worm-eaten.  It  enters 
into  the  composition  of  some  plasters,  and  has 
been  used  as  an  errhine. 

Euphorbia  Palus'tris,  E.  panicula'ta, 
Greater  spurge,  Es'ula  major,  Tithym'alus  palus'- 
tris, Galarhce'us  palus'tris,  Marsh  spurge,  Wret- 
iceed,  (F.)  Euphoric  des  marais.  The  juice  is 
given,  in  Russia,  as  a  common  purge.  It  is  used, 
too,  as  an  irritant  in  tinea,  warts,  &c. 

Euphorbia  Palustris  and  E.  Vm.lo'sa,  or  E. 

Pilo'sa  have  been  brought  forward  as  preven- 
tives of  hydrophobia — the  bitten  part  being 
washed  with  a  decoction,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
the  decoction  being  taken  internally. 

Eiphohbia   PaniCULATA,   E.  palustris. 

Euphorbia  Parai/iab,  'Tithym'alus  paralias, 
Sea  spurge.  This  is  violently  cathartic  and  irri- 
tating, and  is  seldom  used. 

Ei  PHORBIA  Prplus,  Petty  spurge  j  indigenous. 
The  powdered  root  is  actively  cathartic.  It  has 
been  given  in  dropsy. 

Euphorbia  Pii.osa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris  — 
e.  Tithymaloides,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides  —  e. 
Villosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Virosa,  see 
Euphorbia  caput  Medusa?. 

All  the  spurges  are  vesicant  and  rubefa- 
cient, when  applied  externally. 

EUPIIORBIUM,  Euphorbia  officinarum. 

EUPHORIA,  Eupathia. 

EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUPHRA'SIA  (tveppacta,  cheerfulness:  so 
called  from  its  effects),  E.  Officinalis  sen  Min'ima 
seu  Imbrica'ta,  Ocula'ria,  Euphra'gia,  OphthaV- 
tnica,  Eyebright,  (F.)  En/raise,  Euphraise,  t'assc- 
Lunette.  It  has  been  recommended  in  diseases 
of  the  eye,  but  is  unworthy  of  notice. 

EUPLAS'TIC,  Euplae'ticus,  (E.)  Euplastique: 
from  tv,  and  ttIcktgw,  'I  form.'  Having  the  ca- 
pacity of  becoming  organisable  in  a  high  degree, 
—  as  in  false  membranes  resulting  from  acute  in- 
flammation in  a  healthy  person. 

EUPLEU11UM  SERRULATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

EUPNCE'A,  from  n>,  and  irvtw,  'I  respire.' 
Freedom  or  facility  of  respiration. 

EURHYTH'MIA,  from  tu, and  pv^oj, 'rhythm.' 
Regularity  of  the  pulse. 

EURIBALI,  Jurihali. 

EURODES,  Carious. 

EURODON'TICUS,  from  cvpos,  'caries,'  and 
odovi,  odovros,  '  a  tooth.'  Suffering  from  carious 
teeth. 

EURUS,  cvpvi,  'mould,  putrefaction/  JIucor, 
Caries.     Corruption  of  the  humours. 

EURYCHORIA,  Sinus. 

EURYCLES,  Engastrimyth. 

EURYCLITUS,  Engastrimyth. 

BURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

EURYTH'MIA,  Euryth'mus,  from  tv,  and 
pvduoi,  'rhythm.'  Regularity  of  pulse,  both  as 
regards  rpuantity  and  quality. 

EUSAR'CUSj  from  tv,  and  oap%,  aapKos,  'flesh.' 
One  who  is  fleshy,  robust,  muscular. 

EUSE.M  I'A.  !  E.  |  Eustmie,  from  tv,  and  criuticv, 
'a  sip).'     A  collection  of  good 

ELSOMPUALIEX   from     tv,    and     o/^uAo., 


EUSPLANCIINIA 


EX^MATOSIS 


'navel.'     A  double  monster  in  which  each  being  [i 
has  a  separate  navel,  and  is  able  to  execute,  in- 
dependency,  almost  all  the  vital  functions. 

EUSPLAXCH'XIA,  from  ev,  and  ci:\ayxvov, 
'a  viscus  '     A  healthv  state  of  the  viscera. 

EUSTA'CHIAX  TUBE,  Tuba  Enstachia'na 
seu  An'stotel't'ca,  Stjrin'ga,  Syrinx,  Mea'tus  ccpcus, 
Ductus  attris  palati'nus,  Iter  a  Pala'to  ad  Aurem, 
(F.)  Trompe  ou  Conduit  d'Eustache,  Conduit  gut- 
tural de  f'orei/le  —  Ch.  So  called  from  its  dis- 
coverer. Eustachian.  It  is  partly  bony  and  partly 
cartilaginous:  extending  from  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx.  Its 
length  is  about  two  inches;  the  bony  portion 
which  belongs  to  the  temporal  bone,  is  about 
three-fourths  of  an  inch  long.  It  is  lined,  inter- 
nally, by  a  prolongation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  pharynx.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the 
palatine  branches  of  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and 
its  vessels  proceed  from  those  of  the  pharynx  and 
velum  pendulum.  The  use  of  the  tube  seems  to 
be,  to  permit  the  renewal  of  air  in  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum. 

Eusta'chiak  Valve,  Valve  of  Eusta' chins, 
Valvule  d'Enstachi  ou  d'Eustache.  A  membra- 
nous, semilunar  fold,  which  corresponds  to  the 
opening  of  the  vena  cava  inferior  into  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart. 

EUSTHENI'A,  Vigor,  Exuberan'tia,  from  ev, 
and  adsvog,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  exuberant 
health. — Hippocrates. 

EUSTOM'ACHUS,  from  ev,  and  crofia^os. 
'stomach.'  Digesting  rapidly.  Having  a  good 
stomach. 

ETSTROXGYLUS  GIGAS,  Strongylus  gigas. 

EUTAX'IA,  from  ev.  and  ravou,  'I  arrange.' 
Euthe'sia.  A  well-ordered  constitution,  in  which 
every  part  has  its  proper  relation.  The  ready 
return  of  a  rupture,  or  of  a  luxated  bone. 

EUTHAXA'SIA.  from  ev,  and  Qavaros,  'death.' 
An  easy  death.  The  opposite  to  this  is  Cacotha- 
na'sin. 

EUTHESIA.  Eutaxia. 

EUTHYEXTEROX.  Rectum. 

EUTHYEXTEROSTEXOMA,  Stricture  of  the 
Rectum. 

EUTHYM'IA,  An'imi    tranquil' litas,  from  ev, 
and   Supc??.   '  mind.'      Tranquillity    of    mind.     A 
good  state  of  the  mental  faculties. 
'  EUTHYPXOE,  Orthopncea. 

EUTHYPXffiA,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTOC'IA,  from  ev,  and  tokos,  'delivery.'  An 
easy  labour.     Fecundity. 

EUTROPH'IA,  from  ev,  and  Tpo<pr),  'nourish- 
ment.'    A  good  state  of  nutrition. 

EUTROPH'IC.  Eutroph'iciis,  same  etymon.  A 
term  introduced  into  medical  terminology,  by  the 
author,  for  an  agent  whose  action  is  exerted  on 
the  system  of  nutrition,  without  necessarily  oc- 
casioning manifest  increase  of  any  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

The  chief  eutrophics  are, — mercurials,  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine,  bromine,  cod  liver  oil,  the 
preparations  of  gold  and  silver,  sulphur,  sugar, 
and  sarsapartf/a. 

ETJZOODYXAMIA,  Sanitas. 

EYAC'UAXTS,  Evacuan'tia,  from  e,  and  va- 
cuare,  'to  empty.'  (F.)  Evacuatifs.  Medicines 
are  so  called  which  occasion  a  discharge  by  some 
emunctory;  such  as  purgatives,  emetics,  &c. 

EVACUATIFS,  Evacuants. 

EYACUATIO.  Evacuation,  Excretion. 

EVACUA'TIOX.      Same    etymon.     Lapax'is. 
The   discharge   of  any  matter  whatever  by  the 
natural  passages  or  by  an  artificial  opening. 
E  ] 'A NO  UISSEMEXT,  Syncope. 

EYAX  ROOT,  Geum  Yirginianum. 

EYAPORA'TIOX,     Evapora'tio,     Vapora'tio, 


Exliula'tin,  from  e,  and  vaporare,  paporatiim,  'to 
emit  a  vapour.'  Transformation  of  a  liquid  into 
vapour,  in  order  to  obtain  the  fixed  matters  con- 
tained in  it  dry  and  separate  from  the  liquid. 
When  the  vapour  is  received  into  a  proper  ves.-el 
and  condensed,  the  process  is  called  distillation. 
Evaporation  produces  cold,  and  this  is  one  of  the 
processes  by  which  the  body  is  cooled,  through 
the  evaporation  of  the  perspiratory  fluid. 

EYAUX,  MIXER AL  WATERS  OF.  Evaux 
is  situate  in  Auvergne,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  hvdrosulphurous  and  thermal. 

EYEXTRA'TIOX,  Eventru'tio,  Hypogastro- 
rix'is,  from  e,  '  out  of,'  and  venter,  '  the  belly.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  a  general  relaxation  of  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  containing  a  great 
part  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  Also,  ventral 
hernia,  or  that  which  occurs  in  any  other  way 
than  through  the  natural  openings  of  the  abdo- 
minal parietes.  Lastly,  any  very  extensive  wound 
of  the  abdominal  parietes,  with  issue  of  the  greater 
part  of  the  intestines. 

EVEX'TUS,  from  e,  'out  of,'  and  venire,  ven- 
tum,  'to  come.'  Apobai'non,  Apobesom'enon,  Ec- 
besom'enon,  Termina'tio  morbi.  The  event  or 
issue  of  a  disease,  either  favourable  or  unfavour- 
able. 

EYERLASTIXG,  DIG3CI0US,  Antennaria 
dioica. 

EYERRIC'ULUM,  Specil'lum,  from  everrere, 
'to  clean  out.'  A  sort  of  sound  or  scoop,  used 
for  extracting  sand  or  fragments  of  stone  or  clots 
of  blood  from  the  bladder,  after  or  during  the 
operation  of  lithotomy. 

EVERSIO  PALPEBR.E,  Ectropion. 

EVIGILATIOX,  see  Sleep. 

EYIL,  THE,  Scrofula— e.  King's,  Scrofula. 

EVIRATIO,  Castration. 

EVIRATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EVISCERATIOX,  Exenterismus. 

EVOLUTIO,  Development  —  e.  Spontanea, 
Evolution,  spontaneous. 

EYOLUTIOX  OF  GERMS,  see  Generation. 

Evolu'tion,  Spoxta'neous,  Vcr'sio  seu  Evo- 
lu'tio  sjwnta'nea.  from  e,  and  volvere,  volution,  'to 
roll.'  Sponta'neous  ver'sion,  Sponta'neous  expul- 
sion. Duplication  of  the  foetus.  A  term,  applied, 
by  Dr.  Denman,  to  what  he  considered  to  be  a 
spontaneous  turning  of  the  fetus  in  utero,  in  an 
arm  presentation,  in  consequence  of  powerful 
uterine  contractions  forcing  out  the  breech  and 
feet,  whilst  the  arm  recedes.  It  is  now  usually 
considered  to  be  a  doubling  of  the  foetus,  so  that 
the  arm  changes  its  position  but  little,  whilst  the 
breech  is  forcibly  expelled  before  the  upper  ex- 
tremity;— the  case  becoming  similar  to  a  breech 
presentation. 

Evolution,  Vesicle  of,  Vesicle  of  develop- 
ment. 

EVOMITIO,  Vomiting. 

EYOXYMUS,  Euonymous. 

EYUL'SIOX,  Avulsion,  Evul'sio,  from  eveliere, 
evulsion,  (e,  and  rellere,)' to  pluck  out.'  Apotil'- 
mos,  Ectil'mos,  Tilmos.  The  action  of  plucking 
out:  forcible  extraction.  (F.)  Arrachetnent.  This 
word  is  oftener  used  by  the  French  than  by  the 
English  surgeons,  for  the  act  of  extracting  certain 
parts,  the  presence  of  which  is  injurious, — as  the 
teeth,  &c. 

EW-GOWAX,  Bellis. 

EX  MARIBUS.  Castratus. 
EXACERBATIO,  Exacerbation,  Paroxysm. 

EXACERBA'TIOX,  Exacerba'tio,  Exaspera'- 
tio,  Excreseen'tia,  from  exacerbare,  exacerba'tion, 
(ex,  and  acerbus.)  '  to  provoke.'  (F.)  Redouble- 
ment.  An  increase  in  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
order. Often  used  synonvmously  with  paroxysm. 
EXACUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubca  alba. 

EX.EMATOSIS,  Hieiuatosis. 


E  x  a:  M  I  A 


EXCEIIEERATIO 


EX.EMIA.  Anaemia. 
EXJJMOS,  Kxanguious. 

EX.E 'RESIS,  from  c£,  'out  of.'  and  aiptut,  'I 
ray.1     A  surgical  operation,  whieh  consists 
in   drawing,  extracting,  or  removing,  from   the 
human  body,  every  thing  thai  noxious, 

or  extraneous.      It  is  a  generic  term,  whieh  in- 
extraction,  evulsion,  evacuation,  excision, 
ablation,  amputation,  Ac. 
Extraction. 
EXAG'GER  \Ti:i»./." .■-/./;/.  m'tu*,(T.)  i: 

•   ■•.  •  I  bean  up,') '  I 
Heightened.     Inoreaeed   by  expres- 
sion.    An  epithet  for  sounds  beard  on  ausculta- 
tion   and   percussion,    when    much    increased  — 
,  •  r<  cht  'ma. 
L\\  (HON.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce:  — 
four  scruples. — Actuarius. 

EXAL'MA,  from  t£,  'out  of,'  and  aWofiai.  'I 
ExaUU.      Hippocrates  calls  thus  the  dis- 
placement of  the  vertebra. 
BXALSIS,  Exalma.  Leap. 
BXALTA'TION  OF  THE  VITAL  FORCES. 
i'rium,  from  exalto,  (ex,  and  alto,)  '  I 
This  expression  has  been  used,  by  modern 
pathologists,  to   designate  a  morbid  increase  in 


disappears  transiently,  under  the  pressure  of  the 
finger. 

Ex  \\!  him.  CarBUHCVLAR,  Anthracia — e.  Icho- 
r hi-.  Bmphlyeis —  a  Pustulous,  Empyesis  —  e. 
Rash.  Bnanthesie. 

IX  WNIl'.MA.  Eminence— c.  Internum.  Eis- 
an  theme. 

Hxwtiik'ma  Ioo'iitm.  An  eruption  of  dark- 
red  definite  spots,  of  various  sizes,  spreading  over 
the  whole  body,  without  the  formation  of  Bcales. 
and  disappearing  only  after  a  long  time,  which 
seems  to  be  produced  occasionally  by  the 
iodine. 

H\  writ!  ma  Miliaria,  Miliary  fever- 
tis.  Plague — e.  Antivariolosum,  Vaccina — e.  8e- 
rosnm,  Pemphigus — e.  Strophulus.   Strophulus — 
e.  Drticatum,  Urticaria — e.  Vaccina,  Vaccina — e. 
Varicella,  Varicella 

EXANTHEMAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Entp'- 
tir.  fevers.  Cutaneous  eruptions,  essentially  ac- 
companied with  fever;  —  the  third  order  in  the 

class   Hcriiintlcn  of  (! 1. 

EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS,  Exanthematot'- 
cheeie,  from  tl-avOtyta,  '  exanthem.'  and  ta^tiv,  'to 
withhold.'     Suppression  of  a  cutaneous  eruption. 


EXANTHEMAT0L'0OY.#rrt»f»< 


,1,,/a 


the  action  of  organs,  and  partly  that  which  occurs     . 

f     from    i^ivBn'i",   'exanthem,    ami    \oyos,    'a    dis- 

".'  ....         •        Tk. 


in  an  inflamed  organ.     Some  use  exaltation 

■'  force*,  and  inflammation,  synonymously. 

EXAMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

EXAMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 

EX'AMEN  RIGORO'SUM.  'Rigorous  exa- 
mination.' An  examination  of  a  Candidate  for 
_ree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  Prussian 
Universities,  which,  like  the  Tentmnen  medieum, 
is  conducted  in  Latin,  and  takes  place  before  the 
medical  faculty  on  all  branches  of  medicine. 

EX  ANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis. 

EXANASTROPHE,  Convalescence. 

EX  kNGrl'A,   from   ££ayyc£w,    (t£,  and    ay-yog,  'a 

'  I  evacuate  from  a  vessel.'     Exangei'a, 
An    enlargement   or   rupture  of   a  blood-vessel, 
without  external  opening.     A  genus  in  the  order 
erica,   class   Hcematica   of  Good.     It   com- 
prises  ind  varix. 

ExAiteiA  Ahbcrisma,  Aneurism. 
EX  VN'iJriOUS,  Exann'guine,  Exaanguin'eua, 
■  -■,    Exwan'guu,   (F.)    Exaangne,    from    ex, 
;,'  and  eanguia,    'blood.'      Seeming  to    be 
bloodless  :  as  a  female,  who  has  suffered  largely 
from  uterine  hemorrhage.     See  Anaemic. 
EXANIA,  Proctocele. 

EX  \XIMA'TIOX.  Exaniuta'tio,  from  ex,  'out 
of.'  and  anima,  'the  spirit.'  This  word  has  two 
ttions.  Sometimes,  it  means  real  death, 
■  mding  with  the  Greek  Savaros,  mora.  At 
others,  it  signifies  apparent  death,  corresponding 
with  the  Greek  a^lv^ia,  zic\±v%ta,  ckXvch,  Ait'imi 
dii,  'qui  urn. 

EXaX'TIIEM,  Exanthe'ma,  Anthe'ma  erup'tio, 
Epanthe'ma,  Bffloreeeen'tia,  Exantkit'ma,  Ecthy'- 
Epanthe'tna,  Epanthie'ma,  Ef- 
flora'tio,  from  i£tiv$cu>,  (<:£,  and  avOcw),  'I  flourish.' 
A  rash.  (F.)  Bxanth&me,  Elevure.  Under  this  i 
term,  is  cuiiiprehended,  by  some,  every  kind  of 
eruption,  of  which  the  skin  is  the  scat.  Others 
comprehend  by  it  those  eruptions  that  are  accom- 
by  fever,  Febret  exanthema? tea :  inelud- 
in_-.  under  the  load  of  the  major  exanthemata, 
those  whieh  attack  a  person  but  once  in  his  life, 
and  which  are  communicated  by  specific  conta- 
gion; and,  under  the  minor  exanthemata,  those 
whi<-h  :ir.'  not  marked  by  these  eharacl 
Bmall-j  t,  cow-pox,  Ac,  belong  to  the 

major :— chicken-pox,  herpes,  lichen,  .tc.  to  the 
minor.    The  genera]  acceptation  of  Exanthem  is, 
r.  a  more  or  less  vivid,  circumscribed,  or 
:  the  skin,  which  diminishes,  or  I 


from    £{,<u Ovfia.   'exanthem, 
immation    of   the   eve'      Oph- 


pourse.'      The  doctrine  of  cutaneous  eruptions. 

EX  \NTllE.MATOl,llTHAI/MIA.  Ophthalm'- 
in    exanthema? icn 
and  oii>dti\fiiu,  'in! 

thalmia   in   the   course  of,   or  succeeding  to,  a  cu- 
taneous eruption. 

EXANTHEM'ATOUS,  Exanthemata' ent,  Ex- 
anthemat'icua,  (F.)  Exanthimatiqne.  Relating  or 
appertaining  to  exanthem,  as  "  an  exanthematoue 
eruption."     (V.)  Eruption  exanthimatique. 

EX  AN  THEME  1XTESTIXALE,  see  Ty- 
phus. 

EXANTHESIS.  see  Efflorescence— e.  Arthro- 
sia.  Dengue  —  e.  Roseola,  Roseola — e.  Rubeola, 
Rubeola. 

EXANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EXANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

EX  APSIS.  Inflammation. 

EXARAG'MA,  from  E$<ipaoau>,  'I  tear  away.' 
'I  break.'     Collision,  violent  fracture  or  friction. 

EXARCHIA'TER,  Exarchia'tro*.  Chief  of 
the  arcbiatri,  or  chief  of  physicians,  a  title,  like 
that  of  Cornea  Archiatro'mm,  given  to  the  chief 
physician  of  an  emperor  or  king.  Archiater  ap- 
pears to  have  meant,  at  times,  the  same  thing. 

EXARMA,  Swelling. 

EXAR'SIO.     A  burning  heat. 

EXARTEMA,  Amuletum. 

EXARTERI'TIS,  Bxarterii'ti:  from  ear,  'out 
of.'  end  arteria,  'an  artery.'  Inflammation  of 
the  outer  coat  of  an  artery. 

EXARTHREMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

EXARTHROMA,  Luxation. 

EXARTHROSIS,  Luxatio,  Sprain— e. 
ca,  see  Pareticua. 

EX  A  RTICULATIO,     Amputation. 
Luxatio. 

EXARTSIS.   Exhaustion. 

EXASPERATIO,  Exacerbation. 

ECARIA  AGALLOCHA,  Agallochum. 

RXC  M.i:i'  ICTIO,    jtchavffement. 

EXCARNA  TION,  Exearna'tio,  from  rx,  and 
rii,-,,,  oarui*,  '  flesh.'  A  mode  of  making  ana- 
tomical preparation*,  whieh  consists  in  separa- 
ting ii  |  -'-Is  from  the  part-  in  which 
they  an'  situate.  This  is  done  by  means  ■  f  cor- 
rosion by  an  acid  or  by  putrefaction. 

>,-Ti;  \TI<>.  Castration,  Eunuob. 

EXCATHISMA,  Bath,  half;  Semicupium. 

EXCAVATOR,  Dental,  see  Dental. 

EXCEREBRATIO,  Eocephalosis. 


Pareti- 
joint : 


EXCEREBRATUS 


3G0 


EXE RAM A 


EXCEREBRATUS,  Delirious. 

EXC E R N E N T,  Secreting. 

EXCIDENTIA,  Ecptoma, 

EXCIP'IENT,  Excip'iena,  from  excipere,  (ex, 
and  capere,)  'to  receive.'  (F.)  Intermede.  A 
substance,  which,  in  a  medicinal  prescription, 
gives  form  and  consistence  to  it,  and  serves  as  a 
vehicle  or  medium  for  the  exhibition  of  the  other 
ingredients. 

EXCIPULA,  Cup. 

EXCISIO,  Entnille. 

EXCIS'ION,  Excis'io,  from  excidere,  excisum, 
(ex,  and  ccedere,)  'to  cut  off.'  Ec'tome.  A  sur- 
gical operation,  by  which  parts  of  a  small  size 
are  removed  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

EXCITABIL'ITY  Excitabil'itas.  Irritability. 
From  excitare,  (ex,  and  citare,  citatum,)  '  to  ex- 
cite.' The  faculty,  possessed  by  living  beings, 
of  being  sensible  to  the  action  of  excitants.  The 
doctrine  of  excitability  forms  an  important  part 
of  the  Brunonian  system. 

EXCITANT,  Stimulant. 

EXCITA'TIOX,  Excita'tio,  Excite' ment ;  same 
etymon.  The  act  of  exciting;  the  state  of  an 
organ  or  organs  excited.  Excitement  is,  some- 
times, used  synonymously  with  augmented  arte- 
rial action.  The  effect  of  the  exciting  powers 
acting  on  the  excitability,  according  to  Brown, 
constitutes  excitement.  Cullen  used  the  term  to 
express  the  restoration  of  the  energy  and  action 
of  the  brain,  which  had  been  interrupted  by  sleep 
or  some  debilitating  cause, — a  state  opposite  to 
that  of  collapse.  Not  unfrequentl}',  it  is  employed 
in  the  sense  of  excessive  action, — Super-excita'tio, 
(F.)  Stir-excitation. 

EXCITED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

EXCITO-MOTIOX,  see  Excito-motory. 

EXCI'TO-MO'TORY.  (F.)  Excito-moteur.  An 
epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  division 
of  the  nervous  system — comprising  the  gray  mat- 
ter of  the  spinal  marrow,  with  the  afferent  and 
efferent  nerves  connected  with  it; — all  of  which 
are  concerned  in  reflex  actions  ;  or  those  by  which 
impressions  are  transmitted  to  a  centre,  and  re- 
flected so  as  to  produce  muscular  contraction 
without  sensation  or  volition.  They  constitute 
the  re/lex  system  of  nerves.     See  Nerves. 

The  term  exeito-motion  has  also  been  employed 
to  signify  motion,  no  matter  how  excited,  by  the 
reflex  nerves  or  by  volition. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 

EXCORIATIO,  Ecdora. 

EXCORIA'TION,  Excoria'tio,  Excoriatu'ra, 
Am'yche,  from  ex,  and  corium,  'skin.'  (F.)  Ecor- 
chnre.  A  slight  wound,  which  removes  only  the 
skin. 

EXCORIATURA,  Excoriation. 

EXCREA'TION,  Excrea'tio,  Exscrea'tio, 
Screa'tux,  Rasca'tio,  from  ex,  and  screare,  'to 
spit.'  Act  of  spitting.  (F.)  Crachement.  See 
Exspuitio. 

EX'CREMENT,  Excremen'tum,  Retrimen'tum, 
Excre'tiun,  Excre'tio,  Perit'toma,  Diachore'ma, 
Aph'odoa,  Aphodeu'mct,  Apocho'reon,  A2)oc'risis, 
A i das,  Ar'dalos,  from  excernere,  excretum,  (ex, 
and  ccmere.)  'to  separate,'  'cleanse.'  Every- 
thing, which  is  evacuated  from  the  body  of  an 
animal  by  the  natural  emunctories,  as  superfluous; 
such  as  the  fiscal  matters,  the  urine,  perspiration, 
nasal  mucus,  &c.  Generally,  however,  the  term 
is  restricted  to  the  faecal  evacuations; — Purga- 
menta,  Hedra,  Sedes,  Fasces,  Stercus,  Cacce,  Spat'- 
ile,  (especially  when  liquid,)  Dejec'tio  alvi'na 
O'nera  alvi,  Sordes  ventris,  Hypochore'ma,  Coe'- 
lut,  Hypochore'sis,  Jlerda,  Merdus,  Catarrhex'is, 
Copras,  Scor. 

Excrement,  Human,  Stercus  humanum. 

EXCREMENTIT"IAL,  Excrementit"ious,Ex- 
crementit" ius,  (F.)  Excrementeux,  Excrementitiel. 


That  which  is  similar  to  excrement,  and  forms 
part  of  it.  Exercmentitiol  humours  or  parts  are 
those  destined  to  be  evacuated  as  incapable  of 
administering  to  the  nutrition  of  the  body. 

EXCREMEN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,^*- 
cremento-recrementit" ious.  Animal  fluids,  in- 
tended to  be  partly  absorbed  and  partly  rejected. 

EXCRES'CEXCE,  Excrescen'tia,  Ecphy'ma, 
Phymtito'sis,  Hypersarco'sis,  Sarcopliy' ia,  Caro 
excres'cens,  from  excrescere,  (ex,  and  crescere,) 
'to  grow  outwards.'  (Sc.)  Swalme.  (F.)  Excrois- 
sance.  A  tumour,  which  forms  at  the  surface  of 
organs,  and  especially  on  the  skin,  mucous  mem- 
branes, or  ulcerated  surfaces.  Excrescences  differ 
in  size,  shape,  cause,  &c,  and  each  requires  its 
own  treatment.  Warts,  condylomata,  polypi, 
hemorrhoids,  belong  to  this  head. 

EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube- 
rance, Tumour — e.  Carnosa,  Sarcoma  —  e.  Fun- 
gosa,  Fungosity — e.  Gingivae,  Epulis  —  e.  Vesicae 
urinaria}  carnosa,  Cysthypersarcosis. 

EXCRETA,  see  Excretion. 

EXCRETEUR,  Excretory. 

EXCRETIO,  Excretion,  Excrement  — e.  Alvi- 
na,  Defecation — e.  Fascuin  alvinarum,  Defecation 
— e.  Urinas  involuntaria,  Enuresis. 

EXCRE'TION,  Excre'tio,  Ec'crisis,  Eracua'- 
tio,  Ejec'tio,  Expul'sio,  Eges'tio,  Diacliore'sis, 
from,  excernere,  excretum,  (ex,  and  cernere,)  'to 
separate.'  The  separation  or  throwing  off  of 
those  matters,  Excre'ta,  Eges'ta,  Ion'ta,  A])ion'ta, 
from  the  body  of  an  animal,  which  are  supposed 
to  be  useless,  as  the  urine,  perspiration,  and 
faeces. 

EXCRETOIRE,  Excretory. 

EX'CRETORY,  Excreto'rius,  (F.)  Excreteur 
ou  Excretoire  ;  same  etymon.  An  Excretory 
vessel  or  duct,  Ductus  excreto'rius,  is  one  which 
transmits  the  fluid  secreted  by  a  gland  either 
externally  or  into  the  reservoirs  into  which  it  has 
to  be  deposited.  The  existence  of  an  excretory 
duct  was  regarded  as  a  distinctive  character  of 
the  glands  properly  so  called. 

Excretory  Organ  means  any  one  charged 
with  the  office  of  excreting;  thus,  the  skin  is 
said  to  be  an  excretory  organ,  because  through 
it  the  perspiration  takes  place. 

EXCRETUM,  Excrement. 

EXCR  0 ISSA  NCE,  E  x crescen  ce. 

EXCU'TIA  VENTRIC'ULI,  Stomach  Brush. 
An  instrument,  composed  of  iron  or  brass  wire, 
at  one  of  the  extremities  of  which  is  a  pencil  of 
bristles.  Some  ancient  authors  proposed  this  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  oesophagus,  as 
well  as  to  cleanse  the  stomach  of  viscid  and  tena- 
cious matters  adhering  to  it. 

EXECHEBRONCHUS,  Bronchocele. 

EXECHEGLUTI,  Exischioi. 

EXEDENS,  see  Herpes  exedens. 

EXELCOSIS,  see  Ulceration. 

EXELCYS'MOS,  from  tf,  'from,'  and  rlacvu, 
'I  draw.'  Extraction.  Also  the  act  of  breaking 
out  into  ulcers. 

EXELCYSMUS,  Extraction. 

EXENCEPHALE,  from  £f,  'out  of,'  and 
tyKt(pa\ov,  'the  encephalon.'  A  genus  of  monsters, 
in  which  the  encephalon  is  situate  in  a  great  mea- 
sure out  of  the  cranium,  the  upper  portion  of 
which  is  almost  wholly  wanting.  Isid.  G.  St. 
Hilaire. 

EXENTERATION,  Exenterismus. 

EXENTERIS'MUS,  Exenter'isis,  Exentera'- 
tio,  Exenteration,  Eviscera'tion,  Deviscera'tion, 
Unbow'elling,  Embow'elling  or  Imbow'elling,  Visce- 
ra'tion,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  tvrcpov,  'an  intes- 
tine.'    The  operation  of  taking  out  the  bowels. 

EXERA'MA,  from  efcpau),  '  I  throw  out.'  Any 
thing  cast  out.  Vomiting;  or  the  matter  vomited. 
— Hippocrates. 


E  X  1-  II C I S  E 


3G1 


EXOGENOUS 


EX'ERCISE,  Esereita'tio,  Exercit"ium,  Asce'- 
»>"«.  (ii/mnn'xiou,  from  exercere,  exercitum,  'to 
work.'  Every  motion  of  the  body  arising  from 
the  contraction  of  muscles  subjected  to  the  will. 
Also,  the  action  of  any  organ  whatever.  Exer- 
ci.-e  may  he  active  or  paeeive.  The  pas.-ive  are 
referred  to,  under  the  head  of  Gestation.  The 
chief  active  exercises  are:  —  walking,  running, 
dancing,  bunting,  fencing,  playing  at  ball,  cricket, 
racket.  quoits,  swimming,  declamation,  and  ring- 
ing. Exercise  a  an  important  prophylactic,  par- 
ticularly for  those  disposed  to  be  plethoric.  It 
improves  the  digestion  ;  augments  the  secretions; 
Mid,  when  need  in  moderation,  gives  strength  to 
the  body  ;  hut  when  carried  to  excess,  produces 
debility  and  disease. 

EXERRHO'SIS,  from  t£,  'out  of/  and  pw,  'I 
flow.'  The  discharge  which  takes  place  by  in- 
sensible perspiration. 

BXFCBTATION,  see  Pregnancy. 

BXFOLIATIF,  Exfoliative. 

BXFl  i  LTA'TION,  Enfolia'tio,  Denquamn'tio, 
Eclep'  t'ieie,   from  ex,  and  folium,   'a 

leaf.'  By  this  is  meant  the  separation  of  the  dead 
portions  of  a  bone,  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  car- 
tilage, under  the  form  of  lamella  or  small  scales. 
Exfoliation  is  accomplished  by  the  instinctive 
action  of  the  parts,  and  its  object  is  to  detach  the 
dead  portion  from  those  subjacent,  which  are 
still  alive.  For  this  purpose  the  latter  throw  out 
fleshy  granulations,  and  a  more  or  less  abundant 
suppuration  occurs,  which  tends  to  separate  the 
exfoliated  part,  —  now  become  an  extraneous 
body.  The  ancients  distinguished  exfoliation 
into  sensi/de  and  inxenm'ble,  according  as  the  dead 
portions  of  bone  were  detached  in  fragments  of 
greater  or  less  size,  or  in  very  thin  pieces,  and  in 
an  almost  insensible  manner.  When  the  dead 
part  embraces  all  or  almost  all  the  substance  of  a 
bone,  it  takes  the  name  Sequestrum. 

EXFOLIATIVE.  Exfoliati'vm,  Desqunmnto'- 

riue,  (F.j  Erfoliatif.     That  which  takes  away  by 

leaves  or  scales.  The  term  has  been  applied  to 
certain  medicines,  which  were  regardeu  as  proper 
to  hasten  exfoliation,  such  as  alcohol,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, tincture  of  myrrh,  <fcc. 

Exko'liativk  TitKi'.w,  Eclepieitrep'anum.  An 
nncient  raspatory,  or  instrument  for  scraping  ex- 
foliating portions  of  bone. 

EX  II  ALA  I  SOX,  Exhalation. 

EXIIA'LAXT,  Exha'Unt,  Exha'lans,  from  ex- 
kalare,  exhalatum,  (ex,  and  halare,  'to  breathe,') 
'to  exhale,'  "throw  out.' 

Exn.w.ANT  Vksrrlb,  Vaem  exhalan'tia,  are 
very  minute,  and  rise  from  the  arterial  capillary 
System.  They  are  situate  in  every  tissue  of  the 
body,  and  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous  and  se- 
mbranes  and  skin;  on  which  each  pours 
ticular  fluid.  Bichat  distinguished  three 
I.  The  external,  terminating  on  the  mucous 
and  external  dermoid  system,  where  they  pour 
the  matter  of  perspiration.  2.  The  interna/,  com- 
prising those  of  the  areolar  and  medullary  tis- 
sues, and  <.f  synovial  surfaces;  ami, :;.  The  ntttri- 
kalanta,  which  vary  in  each  organ  where 
they  are  found,  and  preside  over  the  phenomena 
of  Composition  and  increase  of  every  part  of  the 
body.  The  exhalantfl  are  the  antagonists  of  the 
ota.  They  are  imaginary  vessels,  inas- 
much a-  they  cannol  be  detected. 

EXHALATIO,  Evaporation. 

EXHALA'TION,  Exhala'tio;  same  etymon. 
mi'cuia,  Apopneu'eie,  if.)  Exhalaieon.  A 
function,  by  virtue  of  which  certain  fluids,  ob- 
tained from  the  blood,  are  spread,  in  the  form  of 
dew,  in  the  areola'  of  the  different  textures,  or  at 

the  surface  of  membranes;  either  for  the  sal.-  of 
ben,-  thrown  out  of  the  body,  or  to  serve  certain 
purposes.     The  sweat  is  a  liquid,  excrementitiou$ 


exhalation;  the  serous  fluid  of  the  pleura,  a 
liquid  recrementitioue  exhalation. 

Exhalation  is,  also,  applied  to  that  which  ex- 
hales from  any  body  whatever,  organic  or  inor- 
ganic, dead  or  living. 

EXHALATION,  PnUfOHABT,  see  Perspiration. 

BXHAUS'TION,  Exar'yeie,  Vires  exhauat'a, 
from  exhaurire,  exhauetum,  (ex,  and  haurire,)  'to 
draw  out.'  (F.)  Epuixemcnt.  Loss  of  strength, 
occasioned  by  exees.-ive  evacuations,  great  fatigue 

or  privation  of  food,  or  by  disease. 

EXHIL'ARANT,  Exhil'arant,  from  ex,  and 
hilaro,  'I  make  merry.'  An  agent  that  exhila- 
rates or  enlivens. 

EXHTJ  M  A'T  I  <  >X,  Exi  nmn  'tin,  Effios'sio,  from 
ex,  and  humus,  -the  ground.'  The  disinterment 
I  of  a  corpse.  The  circumstances  which  render 
this  neces?ary  are:  —  1.  Judicial  investigations 
relative  to  the  body  of  the  person  inhumed.  2. 
The  removal  of  a  body  from  one  cemetery  to 
another;  and,  3.  The  evacuation  of  cemeteries  or 
sepulchral  vaults.  The  operation  is  attended 
with  much  unpleasant  smell  and  annoyance,  and 
requires  the  use  of  disinfecting  agents,  of  which 
the  most  powerful  is  chlorinated  lime.  See  Dis- 
infection. The  putrid  effluvia  from  animal  sub- 
stances are  not,  however,  found  to  excite  endemic 
disease. 

EXIDIA  AURICULA  JUDiE,  Peziza  auri- 
cula. 

EXINAXIT"IOX,  Exinanit"io,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  inanie,  'empty.'  Extreme  exhaustion; 
complete  evacuation. 

EXISCH'IUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Prominence  of  the  hips. 

•  EXIS'CTIIUS,  Exis'chiH,  from  £f,  'out  of,' 
and  io-^iuv,  'the  ischium.'  A  luxation  of  the  os 
feraoris.  Those  with  large  nates,  and  prominent 
hips,  were  formerly  called  Exis'ehioi  and  Excche- 
glu'ti. 

EXITU'RA,  from  exire,  exitum,  (ex,  and  eo,) 
'to  go  out.'  According  to  some,  any  abscess 
which  discharges.  Paracelsus  calls  thus  every 
kind  of  putrid  excrement. 

EX'ITUS.  Same  etymon.  The  outer  termi- 
nation or  exit  of  a  canal.  The  termination  of  a 
disease. 

EXOARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

EXOCARDIAC,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDIAL,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDITIS,  Pericarditis. 

EX'OCHAS,  Ex'oche,  from  efc^w,  (e|,  and 
£^(D,)  'I  project.'  A  soft  tumour  —  as  a  hemor- 
rhoid— outside  of  the  anus.     An  outward  pile. 

EXOCHE,  Eminence,  Exochas. 

EXOCHORIOX,  see  Chorion. 

EXO  COLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

EXOCULA'TIO,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  oculue, 
'an.eye.'  Want  of  eyes.  Want  of  vision.  Blind- 
ness. 

EXOCYS'TE.  Exncya'th,  from  «f  'out  of,'  and 
kvctis.  'the  bladder.'  A  prolapsus  of  the  bladder 
into  the  urethra.  Also  called  Protap'stu  eeei'ca, 
JBdopto'eis  veei'ca,  (F.)  Renvereement  de  la  eestts. 

Exocys'ti:  Noblia'bta.  Protrusion  of  the  in- 
ner membrane  of  the  bladder.  Bo  called  from 
.M.  Noel,  who  first  accurately  described  it. 

EXOCYS'TI  Soi.inckni  \'\.v.  Protrusion  of  the 
neck  of  the  bladder.  Called  after  M.  Solingen, 
Who  first  aeeuratclv  described  it. 

EX(EDESIS,  Swelling. 

E.\o I' If.  Efferent 

EX0G"EN0US,  from  t%,  'out  of,' and  ytwnw, 
'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to  plants  — 
hence  called  Ex'ogen*  —  in  which  the  wool  in- 
by  annual  additions  to  the  outside. 

In  animal  anatomy,  processes  which  .-hoot  out 
from  any  part  are  termed  exogenous.     An  exoge. 


EXOGEXS 


362 


EXPECTORANT 


fjr>i/*  aneurism  is   one   caused  by  division,  from 
without,  of  the  arterial  walls. 

EXOGEXS.  see  Exogenous. 

EXOGOGE,  Extraction. 

EXOGONIUM   PURGA.  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

EXOGONYAN'CON,  from  e(w,  'outwards/ 
yovu,  'the  knee,'  and  ay/cuv,*' an  elbow.'  Bowing 
of  the  knees  outwards. 

EXOINE,  Exoene,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  ido-  j 
■neus,  'tit,'  or  rather  from  exonerare,  'to  exone- 
rate' [?].  In  France,  a  certificate  of  excuse,  ex- 
emption, or  dispensation,  given  to  those  sum- 
moned to  appear  before  a  court  of  justice,  and 
Avho  are  unable  to  do  so. 

EXOLCE,  Extraction. 

EXOLUTION,  Syncope. 

EXOMETRA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

EXOMOIOSIS,  Assimilation. 

EXOMPHALOCELE.  Exomphalus. 

EXOM'PHALUS,    Exumbilieu'tio,    Exompha- 
loce'le,    Om'phaloce'le,  Henna    umbilica'lis,    Om- 
phalex'oche,  Omphalopropto'sis,  Prolap'sus  umbi- 
li'ci,  (F.)  Hernie  ombilicale,  H.  du  nombril,  Um- 
bilical hernia,  from  £(,  'out  of,'  and  ou<pa\os,  'the  ! 
navel.'     Hernia    occurring    at   the    navel.     This  I. 
affection  happens  more  frequently  in  infants,  and 
takes  place  by  the  umbilical  ring.     In  adults,  it 
occurs  more  commonly  in  females  than  in  males ; 
and,  when  it  does  so,  the  sac  passes  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  umbilicus.     The  organs,  found  in  this  || 
kind  of  hernia,  are  particularly,  —  the  epiploon, 
the  jejunum,  the  arch  of  the  colon,  and  some-  (I 
times  the  stomach.     The  tumour  is,  in  general. 
round,  and  presents  all  the  characters  of  hernia. 
It  is,  commonly,  really  reducible,  and  not  sub-  || 
ject  to  strangulation.     It  must  be  reduced,  and  >: 
retained  by  an  elastic  bandage,  made  in  the  form*  J 
of  a  girdle,  and  furnished  with  a  pad  at  its  middle  :| 
part.     When  strangulated,  the  stricture  may  be  L 
divided  upwards  and  towards  the  left  side. 

EXONCO'MA,  Exonco'sis,  from  ef,  and  oyxos,  j 
'a  tumour.'     A  large,  prominent  tumour.     Used.  , 
by  Galen,  for  protuberance  of  the  vertebrae  after 
luxation. 

EXOXCOSIS,  Exoncoma— e.  Linguae,  Glos- 
soncus. 

EXOXEIROGMUS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXOXEIR03IS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEURISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 

EXOPHTHAL'MIA, >fo*/«  seu  Prolap'sus  seu 
Procidentia  Oc'uli  seu  Bidbi  Oculi,  Exorbitis'- 
mus,  Ophthalmoce'le,  Ophthaimojrfo'sis,  Oculi  to- 
tius  prominentia,  from  e£,  'out  of,'  and  orp^aXfio;, 
'eye.'  (F.)  Procidence  de  I'ceil.  A  protrusion 
of  the  eye  from  its  orbit,  occasioned  by  an  ab- 
scess or  tumour  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
orbit;  by  exostosis  of  the  parietes  of  the  orbit, 
&c.  In  exophthalmia,  the  eye  is  pressed  for- 
wards :  the  eyelids  are  raised  and  separated,  so 
that  they  can  no  longer  cover  the  eye  and  defend 
it  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies  :  it  be- 
comes inflamed,  and  the  sight  is  disturbed  or  de- 
stroyed. The  treatment  of  course  depends  upon 
the  cause. 

Exophthalmia  Fcxgosa,  Sarcosis  bulbi — e. 
Sareomatica.  Sarcosis  bulbi. 

EXOPHTHALMUS,  same  etymon.  One  whose 
eyes  are  very  prominent.  The  opposite  to  Cce- 
lophthalmus. 

EXORBITISMUS,  Exophthalmia. 

EXORMIA,  Papula  —  e.  Lichen,  Lichen  —  e. 
Prurieo.  Prurigo — e.  Strophulus.  Strophulus. 

EXORTUS  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

EXOSIS,  Luxation. 

EXO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

EXOSMA,  from  t%,  'out  of,'  and  wfcw,  'to 
move.'     A  luxated  or  dislocated  limb  or  organ. 

EXOSMIC,  Exosmotie. 

EXOSMOSE',  Exosmo'sis,  Transudation,  from 


ff,  'out  of.'  and  wc-^oj,  'impulse.'  The  opposite 
to  Endosmose.  The  act  by  which  substances 
transude  from  within  to  without  an  animal  or 
other  membrane. 

EXOSMOTTC,  Exosmot'icus,  Exos'mic.  Eros' - 
micus;  same  etymon.     Belonging  to  Exosmose : 
— as  an  exosmotie  current. 
EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis. 
EXOSTEMMA    CARIBiEA,    Cinchona?   cari- 
baea?  cortex. 

EXOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis  —  e.  des  Dents,  Exos- 
tosis dentium — c.  Sotu-nngSafe,  see  BubunguiaL 

EXOSTO'SIS,    Huperoxto'sis,    Emphy'mn    ex- 
ostosis,   Exosto'ma,   Eposto'ma,   Eposto'sis,    Oste- 
o'ma,     Osto'ma.     Osteoph'yta,     Exossa'tio,     Ossis 
Eminen'tia,   (F.)    Exostose,    Osteophyte :    from   t(, 
'out   of,'  and  oartov,    'a  bone.'     An    osseous   tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  bones,  or  in 
their  cavities.     Various  kinds  have  been  enume- 
rated.     Fvory  Exosto'sis;  (F.)  E.ebnruee ; — that 
which   has    the    appearance    and    consistence   of 
ivory.      Lam'inar  Exosto'sis ;  (F.)  E.  Lamiuee; — 
that  which  is  formed  of  lamina?  in  superposition, 
or  of  distinct  filaments.     The  Spongy  Exosto'sis 
is  that  whose  structure  is  analogous  to  the  spongy 
tissue  of  bones.     Exostoses  are  sometimes  distin- 
guished into  the  true,  which  seem  to  be  a  projec- 
;  tion  of  the  osseous  substance,  and  which  have  the 
i  same  organization  and  hardness  as  that  substance ; 
,  and  the  false  or  osteo-sarcoma.     Exostosis  may 
depend   on   syphilis,    scrofula,  rickets,  gout,  &c. 
j  In  such  cases,  it  is  important  to  get  rid  of  the 
j  primary  disease. 

Those  exostoses,  which  occur  within  the  bones, 
have,  by  some,  been  called  Enostoses. 
Exostosis,  Spina  ventosa. 
Exostosis  Dextivm,  (F.)  Exostose  des  Bents. 
\  Exostosis  of  the  teeth. 

Exostosis  Steatomatobes,  Osteosteatoma — e. 
Subunguial.  see  Subunguial. 
EXOTERIC,  see  Esoteric. 

EXOT'IC,  Exo'ticus,  from  £fu),  'without.'  That 
!  which  comes  from  abroad.    Plants  or  drugs  which 
are  procured  from   abroad  are  so  called.      It  is 
opposed  to  indigenous. 

EXOTICADEX'IA,  from  exotic,  and  aha,  'I 
dislike.'     Aversion  for  exotic  drugs. 
EX0TIC1LEMAT0SIS.  Transfusion. 
EXOTICOMA'XIA.     The  opposite  to  exotica- 
denia.     Fondness  for  exotic  remedies. 

EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS,  from  e^ariKog,  'fo- 
reign,' and  ovutyvcis,  'a  growing  together.'  A 
union  or  growing  together  of  foreign  bodies,  as 
of  a  foreign  body  with  the  human. 

EXPAXSIO,  Expansion  —  e.  Aluseulosa,  Pla- 
tysma  myoides. 

EXPAX'SIOX,  Expan'sio,  from  expandere, 
exjMinsuin,  (ex,  and  pandere,  'to  open,')  'to  spread 
out.'  A  prolongation  or  spreading  out,  presented 
by  certain  organs.  Thus,  we  say  an  aponeurotic 
expansion.  &c. 

EXPATRATIO,  Ejaculation  (of  Sperm.) 
EXPEC'TAXT,  Exspec'tans,  from  exspeetare, 
exspectatum,  (ex,  and  spectare,  'to  look,')  'to 
wait.'  That  which  waits: — as  Expectant  Medi- 
cine,— La  Midecine  expectante.  See  Expectation. 
EXPECTA'TIOX,  Exspeeta'tio  j  same  etymon. 
The  word  expectation  has  been  applied,  in  medi- 
cine, to  that  method,  which  consists  in  observing 
the  progress  of  diseases,  and  removing  deranging 
influences,  without  prescribing  active  medicines, 
unless  such  shall  be  imperiously  required.  It 
consists,  in  fact,  in  leaving  the  disease  almost 
wholly  to  the  efforts  of  nature,  and  has  been 
termed  the  art  of  curing  diseases  by  expectation 
or  waiting — Ars  sanan'di  cum  expeetatio'ne. 

EXPECTORANT,  Expec'torative,  Ex  fire' to- 
rans,  Anacathar'ticus,  Sputato'rius,  Ant ibe' 'chic us, 


EXPECTORATIO 


EXSTROPIIIA 


Ptya' mngogue,  from  ex,  '«>iit  of/ and  peettia,  pec- 
A  medicine  capable  of  facili- 
tating or  provoking  expoctoration.    There  is  pro- 
bablj  do   such    thing   as   ■   direct   expectorant. 
They  all  act  through  the  system,  or  by  impres- 
sions made  on  part-  at  ■  distance,  which,  through 
the  medium  of  general,  continuous,  or  contiguous 
sympathy,  excite  the  secretory  vessels  of  the  air- 
-    into    action.      The    following    are    the 
chief  reputed  expectorants : — Ammoniacum :  Asa- 
Galbanum;    ipecacuanha;    Myroxylon; 
Ifyrrha;    Inhalations    of    Eodine,    Stramonium, 
Tar,  Burning  Wool,  Tobacco,  Ac. ;  Scilla;  Bene- 
d  Tolutanum. 
EXPECTORATIO,    Expectoration  —  e.    San- 
guinis,   Bsemoptysis  —  e.  Solida,   Cynanche  tra- 
chea lis. 

EXPECTORA'TIOX.    Expectora'tio,    BceJieV- 
'■'■■  r  ku'mida,  Anap'tyeia,  Prop'tyaia,  St>tlt<>- 
vithur  lhar'aia,     Anabcx'ia,     Rqiaing. 

Same  etymon.  The  act  of  expelling  from  the 
chest  matters  or  secretions  there  collected  or  ex- 
isting.     It  is,  likewise,  used  for  the   expectorated 

EXPECTORATION  DE  SAX',',  Haemop- 
tysis. 

BXPKCTOBATIOH,  PiMNF.-jricK,  see  Prune- 
juice. 

EXPECTORATIVE.  Expectorant. 

EXPBLLENS,  Expulsive. 

BXPE'RIENCE,  Experien'tia,  Peira,  Empci'. 

ra,  from  cf,  and  rcipa,  'a  trial.'  A  knowledge  of 
things  acquired  by  observation.  In  medicine, 
this  knowledge  can  be  obtained  both  by  the  prac- 
titioner's own  experience,  and  by  that  obtained 
l'r.m  tradition  and  from  books.  To  profit  by  ex- 
perience requires  a  mind  capable  of  appreciating 
the  proper  relations  between  cause  and  effect; 
anil  hence  it  happens,  that  /alee  experience,  Ex- 
perien'tia Jallax,  is  extremely  common;  and  that 
a  man  had  better,  in  many  instances,  trust  to 
that  which  he  has  learned  from  others,  than  to 
•  fallacious  observation. 
The  union  of  accurate  observation  by  the  phy- 
sician with  that  handed  down  by  medical  writers 
constitutes  perfect  experience,  so  far  as  it  is  at- 
tainable in  any  individual  case. 

EXPERIENCE,  Experiment— e.  dc  Jfariotte, 
lfariotte,  experiment  of. 

BXPER'IMENT,  Experimen'tum  ;   same   ety- 
mon.      V.      Expfrii  ice.      A    trial,    made   on    the 
•  f  men  or  animals,  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
tecting   the   effect  of  a  remedy,  or  of  becoming 
acquainted  with  their  structure,  functions, 
or   peculiarities.     In    a    more    general    sense,    it 
any  trial  instituted  with  the  intent  of  be- 
coming better   acquainted   with   any   thin _'.      1'. \ 
ments  on  living  animals,  we  have  obtained 
■inch  valuable  information  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of   medicine:    but    particularly  in  physi- 
ology and  toxiool    | 

:vi  m  OF  Mariottk,  see  Mariotte. 
K\  it. i:im  km-  ofWrppbr,  Experimen'tum  Wep- 
feeia'num.    An  experiment  attributed  to  Wepfer, 
Which  consisted   in   injecting  air   into   the  blood- 
-  of  animals,  with  the  view  of  observing  it.- 
omy. 
EXPERS  NUPTIARUM,  Virgin. 
/.'A  PER  T  i  P.  I,  Expt  r'tue,  from  , .,-,  arid  , 
'skilled.'     Skilful  •  \  phy- 

sician, «  barged  with  the  duty  of  making  a  report, 
1       /  '  -< .  up  .n  ai"  -  ,i  medicine. 

EXPERTISE,  a  ■  Expert 
BXPIR  \'TI<».\.  Expira'tio,  Bxepira'th 

Bcpm  vmato'eie,    Eeptu  u'eie,    Apapm  u'eia, 

Apop'noi,    Apopnae'a,  from    -  ,.   and 

reathe  out."    The  ad  of 

expelling  from  the  chest,  the  air  received  during 

•ion. 


I".  X  '  1'  I  R  ATO  R  V.   Expiratio'ni  ineet'vimu* 

Sane  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  ex- 
piration. The  expiratory  muscles  are  all  thoOC 
which  contribute  to  diminish  the  cavity  of  the 
■  r  the  purpose  of  expelling  the  air  con- 
tained in  the  lungs,  or  of  producing  expiration. 
These  muscles  are,  chiefly,  the  intereo.-tals,  tri- 
angularis sterni,  quadratus  lumborum,  serratus 
posticus  inferior,  the  oblique  and  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  ami  the  saero-lumbalis*. 

EXPLORATIO,  Exploration  —  e.  Abdominis, 
Abdominoscopia. 

EXPLORA'TION,    Bxplora'tio,    Recognifio, 
from  explorare,  expioratttwt,  •  to  search  into.'   The 
act  of  observing  and  attentively  examining  or  in- 
vestigating every  thing  connected  with  a  • 
disease.      The  word    is    eh  icily  used    in    thU 
by  the  French  practitioners. 

EXPLORA'TOR,  CHEST.  An  instrument, 
proposed  by  Dr.  P.  Babington  for  exploring  the 
chest  in  ca.-es  of  empyema.  It  consists  of  a 
needle,  contained  in  the  smallest  sized  canula. 
This  is  passed  between  the  ribs  into  the  cheer. 
The  needle  is  then  withdrawn,  and  the  escape  of 
fluid  indicates  the  nature  of  the  case. 

EXPLORATORIUM,  Sound,  Specillum. 

EXPRES'SION,  Expree'eio,  Ecpiee'moe,  Ec- 
thlip'aie,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  premere,  preeevm, 
'to  press.'  The  act  of  compressing  a  Bubstanre, 
for  the  purpose  of  separating  from  it  the  fluids 
which  it  contains.  Also,  the  manner  in  which 
impressions  made  upon  us  are  depicted;  especi- 
ally in  the  traits  of  the  countenance. 

Expression"  of  Sweat,  (F.)  Sueur  d'expres- 
sion,  is  a  term  given  to  the  passive  perspiration 
observable  in  verv  debilitated  individuals. 

EXPUITION,  Bxspuition. 

EXPPLSIO,  Excretion — e.  Faocum,  Defecation 
— e.  FcetUS,  Parturition. 

EXPULSfF,  Expulsive. 

BXPUL8I0N,  SPOXTAXEOUS,  Evolution, 
spontaneous. 

EXPUL'SIVE,    ExjyeVlenR,    Expuho' riu*.  (F.) 

ExpuMf,  from  erpellere,  expuleum,  (ex.  u 
lere,)  'to  drive  away.' 

An  expulsive  bandage,  (FA  Bandage  expuleif, 
is  one  constructed  with  the  view  of  compressing 
a  part,  from  which  we  are  desirous  of  expelling 
pus,  -■  rum,  Ac.  Certain  medicines  were  formerly 
called  expuhires,  which  were  believed  to  have 
the  power  of  driving  the  humours  towards  the 
skin  : — as  diaphoretics,  and  sudorifics. 

EXPDLTRIX,  see  Vis  expultrix. 

EXSANG  (  A'.  Exanguious. 

EXSANGUINE,  Exanguious. 

EXS  kNGUINITY,  Anemia. 

EX  SANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exaanrjuia  is 
used  by  Ausonius  for  one  exhausted  by  venery  ; 
— as  aangvia  meant  sperm  as  well  as  blood.  See 
Sperm. 

EXSARCOMA,  Sarcoma. 

EXSCREATIO,  Bxcreation. 

EXSECTIO  VIRILIUM,  Castration. 

EXSECTUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EX8ICCATI0,  Drying. 

EXSICCATIVA,  Desiccativa. 

EXS0L1  Tin.  Eclysis. 

BXSPIRATIO,  Exspiration. 

EXSPUIT"ION,  Extpm'f'io,  Spuif'in,  Sj.u- 
[nachrcjnp'eie,  Apoehremp'aie.  Chrt  mp'aie, 
Ptyeia,  Anacine'ma,  Anacine'vit,  I.  Expm'tion, 
Spvtation,  from  ex, 'out  of,' and  apvo,  *  I  spit.' 
Rejection  of  the  matters  accumulated  in  the  pha- 
rynx and  larynx  ;  spitting. 

EX  STASIS.  Ecatasia, 

BXSTIRPATIO,  Extirpation. 

I  ROPH  1  \.  Ex1  atrophy,  Bc'atropH,  from 
ef.  'out  of,'  and  rrpo^ri,  'turning.'     Extn  ■■ 

.  Won.     Eversion  or  turning  out  of  a  part 


EXSUCCATIO 


64 


EXTENSOR 


— as  of  the  eyelids.  A  term  used  by  M.  Chaus- 
sier  for  certain  displacements  of  organs,  and 
especially  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

Exstroph'ia  or  Ex'strophy  of  the  Bladder, 
(F.)  Rcnversement  de  la  Vessie,  is  a  faulty  con- 
formation, in  which  the  organ  opens  above  the 
pubes  ;  so  that  in  the  hypogastric  region  there  is 
a  red.  mucous  surface,  formed  by  the  inner  coat 
of  the  bladder;  on  which  two  prominences  are 
distinguishable,  corresponding  to  the  openings 
of  the  ureters. 

EXSUCCATIO.  Ecchymoma. 

EXSUC'TIO.  Suc'tio,  Ecmyze'sis,  from  ex,  and 
sngcre,  mictum,  '  to  suck.'    The  action  of  sucking. 

EXSUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

EXSUFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EXTA,  see  Entrails. 

EXT  AS  E,  Ecstasis. 

EXTEMPORA'NEOUS,  Extempora'neus,  Ex- 
tempora'lis,  (F.)  Extemporane,  from  ex,  and  tem- 
piis,  temporis,  'out  of  time/  Those  prescriptions 
are  called  'extemporaneous,' or  'magistral,' which 
are  made  on  the  spot,  and  composed  according  to 
the  prescriotion  of  the  phvsician. 

EXTEXSEUR  COMMUX  DES  DOTGTS, 
Extensor  digitorum  communis  —  e.  Commun  des 
orteils,  Extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Court  du  ponce,  Extensor  pollicis  brevis — e.  Long 
dn  ponce.  Extensor  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Petit  des 
orteils,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Propre  du  petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti  —  e.  Propre  de  I' Index,  Extensor  proprius 
indieis. 

EXTENSIBILITY,  ExtensibiV itas.  A  pro- 
perty, possessed  by  certain  bodies,  of  being  ca- 
pable of  extension  or  elongation. 

EXTEXSIO.  Extension,  Tetanus. 

EXTEN'SION,  Exten'sio,  Tasis,  Ec'tasis,  Ca- 
t'lt'asis,  Anat'asis,  from  extendere,  (ex,  and  ten- 
dere,  tension,)  'to  stretch  out.'  An  operation  in 
surgery,  in  which  either  with  the  hands  alone,  or 
by  straps,  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb  is  pulled 
strongly,  to  restore  it  to  its  natural  position.  It 
is  the  opposite  of  Counter-extension. 

EXTENSOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Extenseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  is  to  extend  certain  parts. 

Extensor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Pedis,  Ped'i- 
cus,  (F.)  Calcaneo-phalanginien  commun,  of  Du- 
MAS  ;  Muscle  pedieux  ou  petit  extenseur  des  orteils, 
Calcaneo-sus-phalangettien  commun — (Ch.),  Carre 
d u  pied;  Short  Extensor  of  the  Toes.  A  muscle, 
situate  on  the  dorsal  region  of  the  foot.  It  arises 
from  the  external  surface  of  the  calcaneum,  and 
at  the  anterior  edge  of  a  ligament,  which  unites 
that  bone  to  the  astragalus.  Anteriorly,  each  of 
its  divisions  terminates  by  a  small  tendon,  which 
is  fixed  successively,  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  to  the  second  and  last  phalanges 
of  the  next  three  toes.  Its  use  is  to  extend  the 
first  four  toes,  and  to  direct  them  a  little  outwards. 

Extensor  Carpi  Radiaus  Brevis,  see  Radi- 
alis  —  e.  Carpi  radialis  longus,  see  Radialis  —  e. 
Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

Extensor  Commu'nis  Digito'rum  Pedis,  E. 
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis,  E.  Digitorum  longus, 
Cnemodactylm' us,  (F.)  Peroneo-tibi-sus-jihalanget- 
tien  commun,  Peroneo-sus-phalangettien  commun, 
Extenseur  commun  des  Orteils.  This  muscle, 
also,  is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It 
is  long,  thin,  flattened,  simple,  and  fleshy  above, 
and  divided  into  four  tendons  below.  It  arises 
from  the  outer  tuberosity  of  the  tibia  and  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  part  of  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
toes.  It  extends  the  three  phalanges  of  these  I 
toes. 

Extensor  Digito'rum  Commu'nis,  E.  digito-  \ 


rum  communis  mantis  cum  extenso' re  pro' prio  auri- 
cida'ris,  Digito'rum  Tensor/  (F.)  Epicondi/lo- 
sus-phalangettien  commun  —  (Ch.,)  —  Extenseur 
commun  des  Doigts,  Common  Extensor  of  the  Fin- 
gers. A  long,  flattened  muscle;  simple  above, 
and  divided  into  four  portions  inferiorly.  It  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm ; 
arises  from  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  hume- 
rus; from  the  aponeurosis  of  the  forearm,  and 
from  the  aponeurotic  septa  situate  between  it  and 
the  neighbouring  muscles,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  last  four  fingers.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers  upon 
each  other,  and  upon  the  metacarpal  bone.  It 
can,  also,  extend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Digitorum  Longus,  E.  communis 
digitorum  pedis  —  e.  Longus  digitorum  pedis,  E. 
communis  digitorum  pedis — e.  Proprius  hallucis, 
E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis — e.  Indieis.  E.  proprius 
indieis  —  e.  Internodii  ossis  pollicis,  E.  longus 
pollicis  —  e.  Primi  internodii,  Abductor  longus 
pollicis. 

Extensor  Pot/licis  Brevis,  E.  minor  pnl'Ucis 
manus  seu  primi  interno'dii  seu  pol'licis  primus 
seu  secun'di  interno'dii  (Douglas,)  seu  secun'di 
interno'dii  ossis  pol'licis  ;  (F.)  Cubito-sus-phalan- 
gien  du  ponce, — (Ch.),  Court  extenseur  du  ponce. 
Seated  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  is  thin,  long,  and  broader  at  its 
middle  than  at  the  extremities.  It  arises  from 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  inter- 
osseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  behind  the  su- 
perior extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  extends  the  thumb,  and  aids  in  supi- 
nation. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Longus;  E.  major  pol'li- 
cis mantis  seu  secun'di  interno'dii  seu  pollicis 
secun'dus  seu  ter'tii  interno'dii  (Douglas.)  seu 
interno'dii  ossis  ])ol'licis,  (F.)  Cubito-sus-phalan- 
gettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.),  3[nscle  long  extenseur  du 
ponce.  This  muscle  is  long,  flat,  and  fusiform; 
and  is  seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna 
and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  last 
phalanx  of  the  thumb  upon  the  first. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  In'dicis,  E.  proprius 
primi  dig"iti  manus,  E.  In'dicis,  Indica'tor  seu 
secun'di  interno'dii  in'dicis  pro'prius.  (F.)  Cu- 
bito-sus-phalangettien  de  V Index, — (Ch.),  Exten- 
seur propre  de  V Index.  This  muscle  is  long  and 
thin  ;  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremi- 
ties ;  and  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  index-finger.  It  extends  the  three 
phalanges  of  the  index-finger;  and  has,  besides, 
the  same  uses  as  the  other  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  (F.) 
Epicondi/lo-sus-phalangettien  du  petit  doigt,  — 
(Ch.),  Extenseur  propre  du  petit  doigt.  Situate 
on  the  inside  of  the  Extensor  communis  digito'rum. 
It  arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri  and  the  aponeurotic  septa  seated  between 
it,  the  extensor  communis  digitorum,  and  the 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
last  two  phalanges  of  the  little  finger.  Its  use  is 
to  extend  the  little  finger,  and  even  the  hand 
upon  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Pol'licis  Pedis,  E.  pro- 
prius Hal'lucis  seu  Longus  (Douglas,)  seu  pollicis 
longus,  Peroneo-sus-phalangien  du  ponce,  Peroneo- 
sus-phalangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.     It  is 


EXTENUATIO 


3  0  5 


EXTRACTUM 


fleshy.  Inroad,  flat  above;  small  and  tendinous 
below.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  third  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  extends  the 
i hm  x.  of  the  great  toe  upon  the  first,  and 
the  firr-t  upon  the  first  metaearpal  bone. 

i'i:;v:  In:i  RJTODII,  E.  pollicis  brevis 
—  e.  Seeaodi  internodii,  E.  pollioia  brevia,  Bx- 
longua  pollicis —  e.  Seeundi  internodii  in- 
dieis  proprias,  E.  propriua  Indicia — e.  Tertii  inter- 
nodii. E.  longua  pollicis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii 
indieis,  Prior  annularis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii  mi- 
nimi digiti,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  —  e.  Ossis 
metacarpi  pollicis  manus.  Abductor  longus  pol- 
lieis — e.  Pollicifl  longus,  E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis 
— e.  Pollicia  seeundus,  E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Mi- 
nor pollicis  manna,  E.  pollicia  brevis —  e.  Primus 
pollicia,  Abductor  longna  pollicis. 

Extknsou  Taksi  MAOH178,  E.  Tarsi  sura'lis. 
A  name  given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  the  gas- 
trocnemius and  soleus  eoml»ined. 

RXTKITSOR  TA.R81  BinrOR,  Plantar  muscle. 

BXTENUATIO,  Emaciation. 

BXTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

EXTER'NAL  DISEASES,  Extrin'sic  Dis- 
ease*, Morbi  extrin'eeci,  Surgical  diseases,  (F.) 
Maladiee  ex  femes.  Those  diseases  which  occupy 
the  surface  of  the  body,  and  form  the  object  of 
surgical  pothology,  requiring,  generally,  external 
means,  or  BUrgical  operations. 

EX  TERNA  T.   The  post  or  office  of  an  exterue. 

EXTERNE,  Bee  House-surgeon. 

EXTERNTT8  ATI! IS,  Laxator  tympani  —  e. 
Mallei.  Laxator  tvmpani. 

BXTESTICULATU8,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

E  X  X  I  X  CTI  0,  Death— e.  Hydrargyri,  Ex- 
tinction of  Mercury — e.  Mercurii,  Extinction  of 
Mercury. 

Extinctio  Vocis,  (F.)  Extinction  de  voix.  The 
French  use  this  term  for  cases  in  which  the  voice 
is  not  wholly  suppressed,  bat  produces  only  fee- 
ble Bounds  :  —  Incomplete  aphonia. 

BxtIHO'tTOH  OF  MlB'cURY,  Extinc'tio  Mcrcn'rii 
seu  Hydrar'gyri.  Trituration  of  mercury  with 
lard  or  other  BUbatanee,  until  the  metallic  globules 
disappear.  The  mercury  is  then  so  divided,  that 
it  forms  a  black  powder,  generally  considered 
to  be  a  protoxide  of  mercury,  but,  perhaps,  erro- 

EX  II  IIP  AT  10.  Extirpation— e.  Linguae,  Glos- 
■oatereaia— e.  Tettioaloram,  Castratio. 

EXTI  RPA'TION,     Extirpa'ho,     Exrtirpa'tio, 
Abla'tio,    A/thfe'resis,    from    extirpate,    (ex,  and 
ttfrpe,  'a  r..ot.')  "to  root  out.'     The  complete  re- 
moval  or  destruction   of  any  part,  either  by  cut- 
ting instruments  or  the  action  of  caustics.     Thus, 
ok   of  the  extirpation   of  cancer,  polypus, 
ted  tumour,  Ac. 
MMS.  Ihinuch. 
BXT0Z0  \.  Bel 

0ZOAIRES,  Ectozoa. 
i:.\  l  0Z0AR]  \,  Bctoaoa. 
^  EXTRA    PEL  VIO-PUBI-  TROCHAXTE- 
/,'//.'. V,  Obturator  cxternus. 

EXTRACT,  Extractum  — e.  of  Aconite,  Bx- 
tractum  aconiti — e.  of  Aconite,  alcoholic,  Extrao- 
tuin  aconiti  aleobolicnm  —  e.  Alcoholic, 
tractum  —  e.  of  Aloes.  Extractum  aloes  —  e.  of 
Dark.  Bxtractnm  cinchonas— e.  of  Dark,  resinoua, 
turn  cinchonse  resinoeum  — e.  of  Belladonna, 
Bxtractnm  belladonna  —  e.  of  Belladonna,  alco- 
holic, Extractum  belladonna  aloobolicnm  —  e. 
of  Bittersweet)  Bxtractnm  dnlcamaraa — e.  of 
.  Bxtractnm  eacnminnm  geniataa — e. 
of  Butternut,  Bxtractnm  joglandia— e.  •  ■;  Caeca- 
rilla,  r  :      ractum  cascarillee  reain< 

mile,  B.  anthemidi — a.  of  Cinchona, 
win  cinchonsB — e.  of  Colchicum,  Extract 


of  Colchicum  —  e.  of  Colchicum,  acetic,  Extrac- 
tum oolchici  aceticum — e.  of  Colocynth,  Kxtrac- 
tum  eolocynthidia  —  e.  of  Colocynth,  compound, 
Extractum  coloeynthidis  coinpositum — e.  of  Cu- 
bebs,  fluid,  Extractum  cubebsB  lluiduni  —  e.  of 
Dandelion,  Extractum  taraxaci — e.  of  Elaterium, 
Extractum  elaterii  —  e.  of  Ergot,  Brgotin  —  e. 
Ethereal,  see  Extractum  —  e.  of  Foxglove,  Ex- 
tractum digitalis — e.  of  Gentian,  Extractum  gen- 
tiaiuv — e.  of  Hemlock,  Extractum  eicntflB — e.  of 
Hellebore,  black,  Extractum  hellebori  —  e.  of 
Hemlock,  alcoholic,  Extractum  conii  aleoholicum 

—  e.  of  Henbane,  Extractum  hyoacyami  —  e.  of 
Henbane,  alcoholic,  Extractum  hyoseyami  aleo- 
holicum—  e.  of  Hops,  Extractum  humili,  E. 
lupuli —  e.  of  Jalap,  Extractum  jalapSB  —  e.  of 
Lettuce,  Extractum  lactucae  —  e.  of  Liquorice, 
Extractum  glycyrrhizae — e.  of  Logu 1.  Extrac- 
tum haamatoxyli  —  e.  of  Mayapple,  Extractum 
podophylli — e.  of  Meat,  saponaceous,  Osmasome 
— e.  of  X'ux  Vomica,  Extractum  nucis  vomicae — 
e.  of  Oak-bark,  Extractum  corticis  quercus  —  e. 
of  Pareira  Drava,  Extractum  pareirse  —  c.  of 
White  Poppy,  Extractum  papaveris — e.  of  Quas- 
sia, Extractum  quassias — e.  of  Quinia,  Extractum 
quinioe — e.  of  Rhatany,  Extractum  kramerisB — e. 
of  Rhubarb,  Extractum  rhei  —  e.  of  Rhubarb, 
fluid,  Extractum  rhei  fluidum  —  e.  of  Due.  Ex- 
tractum ruta> — e.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Extractum  sar- 
BapariUsB  —  e.  of  Sarsaparilla,  fluid,  Extractum 
Barsaparillse  (luiduiu  —  e.  of  Savine,  Extractum 
foliorum  sabinsa  —  e.  of  Senna,  fluid,  Extractum 
sennae  fluidum  —  e.  of  Bpigelia  and  Senna,  Ex- 
tractum spigelian  et  sennae  —  e.  of  Stramonium, 
Extractum  stramonii — e.  of  Uva  Ursi,  Extractum 
UV83   ursi — e.   of  Valerian,   Extractum    Valerianae 

—  e.  of  Wormwood,  Extractum  cacuminum  ab- 
sinthii. 

EXTRACTA,  see  Extractum  —  c.  Eluida,  see 
Extractum. 

EXTRACTIF,  Extractive. 

EXTRACTION,  Extrac'tio,  Exa'rcsis,  E.r- 
ogo'ge,  Exolce,  Exelcye'mue,  Enchylo'aia,  from 
extrohere,  extractum,  (ex,  and  trahere,)  'to  draw 
out.'  The  act  of  removing  an  extraneous  sub- 
stance from  any  part  of  the  body.  Thus,  a 
splinter  is  said  to  be  extracted.  It  is  also  ap- 
plied to  the  removal  of  certain  parts.  The  cata- 
ract is  said  to  be  extracted ;  a  tooth  is  extracted, 
when  carious,  <tc. 

EXTRACTIVE,  (F.)  Extract!/.  Same  ety- 
mon. A  peculiar,  immediate  principle,  which 
has  been  admitted  in  extracts.  Thus,  bitter 
extractive  is  the  immediate  principle  of  bitter 
vegetables,  &c. 

EXTRACTS,  see  Extractum  —  e.  Fluid,  see 
Extractum. 

EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Ecchylo'ma,  (F.) 
Extrait,  ApoetolS.  Same  etymon.  An  extra.' 
is   prepared   by   evaporating   vegetable   solutions, 

till  a  tenacious  maae  is  obtained.  When  prepared 
from  an  infusion  or  decoction,  it  is  called  a  watery  ; 
from  ether,  an  ethereal;  and  from  alcohol,  an 
alcohol' ic  or  a  tpirituoue  extract.  Doth  kinds 
contain  all  the  principle-;  of  the  vegetable  that 
are  soluble  in  the  men.-trua  with  which  they  are 
prepared;  but  the  volatile  parts  are  dissipated, 
and  some  of  the  fixed  parts  are  decomposed  :  the 
proper  extractive  is  oxygenized,  and  the  virtues 

of  the  vegetable  substance  Consequently  altered 
or  destroyed.  Extracts  are  hard,  eaft,  or  fluid : 
the  oonsiatenoe  of  the  sofl  being  such  a-  to  retain 
tin'  pilular  form  without  the  addition  of  a  powder. 
A  latent  was  taken  out,  many  years  ago,  bj  a 
Mr.  Parry,  of  London,  for  preparing  them  in 
vacuo;   and,  as  the  temperature  ia  mucb  lowea 

than  in  the  ordinary  method,  the  virtues  of  the 
plant  are  less  altered,  and  the  extracts  are  gene- 
rally green.     Extracts  are  also  prepared  by  dis- 


EXTRACTUM 


66 


EXTRACTUM 


placement  or  percolation.  They  have,  likewise,  II 
received  different  names,  according  to  their  pre  M 
dominant  principle.  The  gummy  or  mucous,  or  U 
mucilaginous,  are  those  which  are  mainly  com-  | 
posed  of  gum  or  mucilage.  Gum  tragacanth 
may  be  considered  a  pure  gummy  extract.  Gela- 
tinous extracts  are  those  composed  especially  of 
gelatin ;  resinous  extracts,  those  of  a  resinous 
character;  extracto-resinous,  those  composed  of 
extractive  or  colouring  matter  and  resin ;  gum- 
resinous,  those  containing  gum  and  resin ;  and 
sapoua'ceous  or  sapona'ceous  saline,  those  con- 
taining a  notable  quantity  of  saline  substances 
and  a  resinous  matter,  so  combined  with  mucus 
and  other  soluble  substances,  that  they  cannot  be 
separated.  Under  the  name  Fluid  Extracts  — 
Extracta  Flu'ida  —  a  class  of  preparations  has 
been  introduced  into  the  United  States  Pharma- 
copoeia (1851),  the  distinctive  character  of  which 
is,  the  concentration  of  the  active  ingredients  of 
medicinal  substances  into  a  small  bulk,  in  the 
liquid  form.  Extractum  sarsaparillae  fluidum  is 
one  of  these. 

Extractum  Absin'thii  Cacu'minum,  Extract 
of  Wormwood.  (A  decoction  defecated  and  eva- 
porated.) The  flavour  is  dissipated  along  with 
the  essential  oil.  It  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Dose,  gr. 
x  to  9j,  in  pill. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti,  Extract  of  Ac'onite,  Suc- 
CU8  spissa'tus  aconiti  napelli,  (from  the  inspissated 
juice  without  defecation.)  It  is  esteemed  to  be 
narcotic  and  diuretic;  and  has  been  given  in  the 
cases  referred  to  under  Aconitum.  Dose,  gr.  j, 
gradually  increasing  it. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti  Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Aconite.  (Aconit.  in  pulv.  crass,  lb  j  ; 
Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with 
half  a  pint  of  diluted  alcohol :  let  it  stand  for  24 
hours:  transfer  it  to  a  displacement  apparatus, 
and  gradually  add  the  remainder  of  the  diluted 
alcohol.  When  the  last  portion  of  this  has  pene- 
trated the  aconite,  pour  in  from  time  to  time 
water  sufficient  to  keep  the  powder  covered. 
Stop  the  filtration  when  the  liquid  which  passes 
begins  to  produce  a  precipitate,  as  it  falls,  in 
that  which  has  already  passed.  Distil  off  the 
alcohol,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  half  a  grain  or  a  grain. 

Extractum  Al'oes,  Extract  of  Aloes,  E.  aloes 
aquo'sum  seu  purifca'tum,  Pu'rifed  extract  of 
aloes.  (The  gummy  part  extracted  by  boiling 
water,  defecated  and  inspissated.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
gr.  xv. 

Extractum  Aloes  Aquosum,  E.  aloes  —  e. 
Aloes  purificatum,  E.  aloes. 

Extractum  Anthem'idis,  E.  anthemidis  no'- 
bilis  seu  chanuEine'li  seu  florum  chamceme'U,  Ex- 
tract of  Cham'omile.  The  volatile  oil  is  dissipated 
in  this  preparation.  It  is  a  pure,  grateful  bitter, 
and  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr. 
xx,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 

Extractum  Belladon'na,  Succus  spissa'tus 
at'ropce  belladon'ncB,  Extract  of  Belladon'na  (an 
expressed  juice  insp>issated).  Properties  same 
as  those  of  the  plant.  Dose,  gr.  i,  gradually 
increased.  It  dilates  the  pupil  when  applied  to 
the  eye. 

Extractum  Belladonna  Alcohol'icum,  Al- 
cohol'ic  extract  of  Belladonna.  (Prepared  like 
the  extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  half  a  grain  or  a  grain. 

Extractum  Cannabis,  see  Bangue. 

Extractum  Carnis,  Extract  of  Flesh.  An 
extract  formed  by  evaporating  beef  tea  in  a 
water-bath.  It  can  be  kept  for  sale.  An  ounce 
of  it  may  represent  thirty-two  ounces  of  meat. 

Extractum  Cascarh/la  Besino'sum,  Res'- 
inous  extract  of  cascaril'la.     (Cort.  cascariUce,  in 


pulv.  crass,  ftj  ;  Sp.  vini  rect.  Ibiv.  Digest  for 
four  days;  theu  decant  and  strain;  boil  the  resi- 
duum in  ten  pints  of  water  to  two;  filter  and 
evaporate  the  decoction,  and  distil  the  tincture 
in  a  retort,  till  both  are  thickened;  then  mix  and 
evaporate  to  a  pilular  consistence.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gr.  xx,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Catechu,  Catechu  —  e.  Catharti- 
cum — E.  Colocj-nthidis  composituin. 

Extractum  Cathol'icum,  ^(F.)  Extrait  Cutho- 
lique.  This  epithet  is  given  to  pills  composed  of 
aloes,  black  hellebore,  and  colocynth,  resin  of 
jalap,  and  scammony.  See,  also,  Extractum  co- 
locynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Chamameli,  E.  Anthemidis — e. 
Cicutae,  E.  Conii. 

Extractum  Cincho'na,  E.  Cor'tieis  Pemvia'ni 
seu  Cincho'n-a?  Nolle,  Extract  of  Cincho')ta  or  of 
Bark.  (A  decoction  evajjorated.)  The  active 
principles  are  similar  to  those  of  the  bark  in 
substance;  but  it  is  not  so  effectual,  owing  to 
the  chymical  change  indueed  in  the  drug  during 
the  boiling.  When  reduced,  by  drying,  to  a  state 
fit  for  being  powdered,  it  is  called  the  Hard  Ex- 
tract of  Bark,  Extrac'tum  Cor'tieis  Peruvia'ui 
durum,  E.  Cincho'na?  durum.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

Extractum  Cinchona  Flava,  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  (1842),  is  directed  to 
be  prepared  as  follows:  Yelloic  Bark,  in  coarse 
powder,  lb  j ;  Alcohol,  Oiv;  Water,  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Macerate  the  Peruvian  bark  with  the 
alcohol  for  four  days ;  then  filter  by  a  displace- 
ment apparatus,  and  when  the  liquid  ceases  to 
pass,  pour  gradually  on  the  bark  water  sufficient 
to  keep  its  surface  covered.  When  the  filtered 
tincture  measures  four  pints,  set  it  aside,  and 
proceed  with  the  filtration  until  six  pints  of  infu- 
sion are  obtained.  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  the 
tincture  and  evaporate  the  infusion  till  the  liquids 
are  respectively  brought  to  the  consistence  of  thin 
honey;  then  mix  and  evaporate  to  form  an  ex- 
tract!—Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  Cincho'na  Pal'lida  (Ph.  L  &  E.) 
May  be  prepared  in  the  same  manner. 

Extractum  Cinchona  Resino'sum,  E.  Cin- 
chona? lancifo'licB  seu  Cinchona?  Rubra?  resino'- 
sum, Res'inous  Extract  of  Bark,  E.  Ciucho'tia? 
Resi'na?.  The  aqueo-spirituous  extract  contains 
both  the  extractive  and  resin  of  the  bark.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xxx. 

Extractum  Cincho'na  Rubra  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
may  be  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Extrac- 
tum cinchonae  fiavaa. 

Extractum  Col'chici,  Extract  of  Colchicine, 
(Ph.  L.,)  is  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Ex- 
tractum Aconiti.     Dose,  one  or  two  grains. 

Extrac'tum  Col'chici  Ace'ticum,  Ace'tous  or 
Ace' tic  Extract  of  Colchicum.  (Colchic.  rad.  in 
pulv.  crass,  tbj,  Acid.  acet.  f^fiv,  Aqua?  q.  s.  To 
the  acid  add  a  pint  of  water,  and  mix  this  with 
the  root.  Put  the  mixture  in  a  percolator,  and 
pour  on  water  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  or  no  taste.  Evaporate  to  a  proper  consist- 
ence.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iij. 

Extractum  Colocyn'thidis,  Extract  of  Col'o- 
cynth.  (Ph.  L.  &  E.)  A  cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  gr.  v  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Colocvn'thidis  Compos'itum.  E. 
Cathar'ticum  seu  Cathol'icum  seu  Qtierceta'ui, 
Compound  Extract  of  Colocynth.  (Colocynth. 
pulp,  concis.  3VJ'  Aloes  pulv.  ^xij,  Seummon. 
pulv.  ,^iv,  Cardamom,  pulv.  ^j,  Saponin  ^i'j, 
Alcohol,  dilut.  cong.  Macerate  the  pulp  in  the 
spirit  at  a  gentle  heat  for  four  days:  strain  ;  add 
the  aloes  and  scammony:  then  distil  off  the  spirit 
and  mix  in  the  cardamom  seeds.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
is  an  active  cathartic,  and  is  used  in  obstinate 
visceral  obstructions,  &c.     Dose,  gr.  vj  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Coni'i,  E.   Cicu'ta?,  Succus  cicutoe 


EXTRACTUM 


8  6  7 


EXTRACT  I'M 


spiaaa'tna,  S.  apiaaatua  conii  tnacula'ti.  Extract  <>/ 
Htnihi'k.     [Expressed    juice    inspissated    without 

on.)     Employed  in  the  bum 
conium.      Dose,  gr.  iij  to  ^j. 

mi    Aij  ohoi/icdm,   Alcoholic 

■   of  Hemlock.     (Prepared    like   t;. 
tr:ie!inii  aooniti  alcoholioum. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose, 

•  live  grains. 

BXTRACTUM     CoffYOLYDU    .Iaiai'v:,    B.  jsiapSB 

— e.  CortioU  Peruvian!,  B.  Cinchonas. 

Bxtract'dm  Ciiii:r.' v:  I'm  'hum,  Fluid  Ex- 
tract  of  Gubebs,  (Ouhebs  exhausted  by  ether 
through  percolation,  and  the  solution  evaporated. 
Ph.  I  .  S.       Dose,  from  5  to  50  minims. 

\.  ii  \i   Digita'us,   Extract   of  Foxglove. 
Prepared  like  Kxtractum  eunii.     Dose,  from  half 
to  two  grains. 

lactdm   Di  i.<  am  v'h.k,   Extract  of  Bitter* 
Prepared   by  displacement  from  bitter- 
sweet in  coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

BXTRACTDM  BlATB'RII,  Elate' rium.  Extract  of 
Elaterium.  (The  fecula  of  the  expressed  juice.) 
It  is  violently  cathartic,  bydragogne,  and  some- 
tun.-.-    emetic.     Dose,  gr.  ss   every  hour  till   it 

ires. 
BXTRACTDM   ERGOTJC,  Ergotin. 

LOT1  M  (iKNh'r.i:  CACI  I'MHTDM,  Extract  of 
Broom    Tops.      Diuretic   and   stomachic.     Dose, 

Extractdm    Ckm-iaVi:.    E.   Oentia'ncB    lu'tcce 

sen    Radi'cit    Oentia'na,    Extract    of   Oen'tian. 

decoction.)     Prepared   also    by 

lement — Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  like  those 

ntian.      Dose.  gr.  X  to  j£88. 

BXTKAl  Ti'M  GtLTCTRRHI'CjB,  Sumia  Gli/ei/rrhi'- 

z(B  inspissa'tus  seu  Liquirif'ia,  Spanish  Juice, 

Ital'ian  Juice,  Extract  of  Liquorice,     {The  eva- 

porated  decoction.)     It  is   demulcent,  taken   ad 

libit  Kill. 

Liquorice,  which  is  sold  in  the  form 
of  cylinders,  is  made  by  gently  evaporating  a 
solution  of  the  pure  extract  of  liquorice  with  half 
_r 1 1 1  of  gnm  Arabic,  rolling  the  mast  and 
cutting  it  into  lengths,  and  then  polishing,  by 
rolling  them  together  in  a  box. 

LC'TOM     (ii:  vm'inis.     Extract    of     Gra88. 

tract  prepared  from  Triticum  repent.     It  is 

considered  by  the  Germans  to  be  a  mild  tonic; 

and  is  greatly  used,  especially  in  convalescence 

from  fever.    It  is  probably  devoid  of  all  injurious 

ties,  and  as  probably  totally  inefficacious. 

BXTRACTUM     H.t:.M  vmx'vi.i,     E.    Hatnatox'yli 

lia'ni    Beu   Scobia    Hctmatox'yli,  Extract 

■  <"'/.     (  The  evaporated  decoction.)     It  is 

\   at.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ,^.j. 

Extractdm    Hellbb'obi,   E.  HeUebori   nigri, 

Black   Hell'ebore.     {The  evaporated 

\ion.)     In  large  doses,  this  is  cathartic;  in 

smaller,    diuretic,    resolvent,    [?]   and   emmena- 

'!      Dose]  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  x  to  J^j  J  BS 

ie,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

BxTRAi  rCM  Rbllbbori,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 

of  the  Unit*  L842),  is   prepared    from 

Black  Hellebore,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 

trnctum  aooniti  alooholicnm. 

m   III  'mi  i .i.   /.'.   Lu'puli,  Extract  of 
evaporated  decoction,)     It  is  tonic, 
anodyne,  [?]  diuretic.  [?]     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ,^j. 

1 1 
/'  ■      .  I' ■  ■■  act  of  II>  nbane.     (  Tht  <  rj 

<■■  ■  without  defecation.)     Its  virtues 
are  narcotic.     D  •  -■-.  gr.  i  to  ^ss. 

LI  l  i  M    II  Vos.,  n,;i    ,\i  |  OHOL'lODM,    Aloo- 

nolic  /.'..  trad  of  //<  n ' ■■>  u  .      Prepared  from  leaves 
unas,  in  coat  .  like  the  Bx- 

•iiti   ale.diolicum.  —  Ph.   U,  B.        Dose, 

tn  o  grains. 

.    /".   ConvoVvuli  Jalapa 
nuJala'pii  seu  Jalofp  >f  Jalap.     [A 


I  tpiritUOUt  tincture  distilled;   ami  an  aqueous  do* 

action  evaporated f  the  residua  beinrj  mixed  toge- 
ther: kept  both  soft  and  hard.)  It  is  cathartic 
and  bydragogne.     Dose,  gr.  i  to  J}j. 

Extra i  t\  m  Jalavm  of  the  Ph.  Y.  S.  is  pre* 

pared  like  Kxtractum  cinchona-.  Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractdm    Jalaj  i     Bbboio/bom,    /. 

.    Res'inous    Extract    of  Jalap.      This    is 

cathartic 

BXTRA<  n  M  Jrci.AN'hIS,  Extract  ,,/  llutternnt. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  butternut,  in 
powder. — Ph.  Y.  S.) 

BXTRACTDM  Ki:  \mk'i:i  !:.  Extract  of  Rhatauv, 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  rhatany,  in 
Coarse  powder. —  Ph.  I'.  S.) 

Extractdm  Laotd'ca,  Succus  tpissa'tx 

tut(B  sati'vee,  Extract  of  Lettuce.  (Leaves  of 
fri  sit  lettuce  Ibj  :  beat  them  in  a  stone  mortar, 
sprinkling  them  with  water;  then  express  the 
juice  and  evaporate,  without  allowing  it  to  sub- 
side until  it  acquires  a  proper  degree  of  consist- 
ence.) It  is  said  to  be  narcotic  and  diophoretic. 
Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

An  extract  is,  sometimes,  made  from  the  juice 
of  the  wild  lettuce,  Lactuca  viro'sa,  which  is  re- 
garded as  diuretic. 

Extractdm  BIartis  Acbticdm,  Ferri  Acetas — 
e.  Nncis  Vomicae,  see  Strycbnos  mix  vomica. 
Extractdm  Ndcis  V*<  m  '»  b,  Extract  <>/  Nux 

Vomica  (Nuds  Yomic.  fbj  ;  Alcohol,  q.  |.  Kx- 
pose  the  nux  vomica  to  steam  until  it  is  softened, 
slice,  dry  and  grind  to  powder.  Put  it  into  a 
percolator,  and  pour  alcohol  upon  it  gradually, 
until  the  liquor  passes  without  bitterness.  Filter, 
distil  off  the  alcohol,  and  evaporate.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  from  half  a  grain  to  two  grains. 

Extractdm  O'rir,  B.  Opii  aquo'sum  seu  Thc- 
ba'icum  seu  Opii  gummo'sum,  Extract  of  Opium, 
Laufdanumopia'tum  seu  simplex.  Opium  cola' turn 
seu  dtpura'tum.  (A  watery  solution  dt 
and  >  vapstrated.)  Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  v, — about 
half  that  of  opium 

Extractdm  Pamchtmaoo'gdm.  A  drastic  me- 
dicine, composed  of  colocynth,  bruised  with  its 
teedt  :  s,  una  bruised j  black  hellebore  root,  Agn~ 
ric,  Sccunmouy,  in  powder.  Extract  of  Aloes,  and 
Powder  of  Diarrhodon. 

Extractdm  Papav'bris,   E.   Papav'eris  som- 

nsf'eriwn  Papaverisalbi,  Extract  of  vhiU  poppy. 

[Tin  decoction  evaporated.)     h   p — isses   nearly 

the  same  virtues  as  opium,  but  is  much  weaker. 

jr.  ij  to  ^j. 

Extractdm  Parbi'rjb,  Extract  of  Parei'ra 
Bravo.  Prepared  like  Kxtractum  Hssmatoxyli. 
Dose,  ten  grains  to  half  a  drachm. 

Extractdm  Pip'bris  Pld'iddm,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Black  Pepper.  (Black  pepper  exhausted  by 
i  thcr  through  percolation,  the  solution  evaporated, 
and  the  piperin  in  crystals  separated  by  expres- 
sion.     Ph.   1  .  S. )      Dose,  one  or  two  minim.-. 

Extractdm  Podophti/u,  Extract  of  May- 
apple.  (Prepared  from  podophyllum,  in  coarse 
powder,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Extract  of 
cinchona. — Ph.  Y.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  XT,  Bfl 
a  cathartic. 

BXTRACTDM  PdROAMB,  see  Iledera  helix  —  e. 
Quercetani,  E.  Colooynthidis  compositnm. 

Extractdm  Qdab'sijb,  Extract  of  Quassia. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Qnassia  rasped. 

—  I'll.   I'.  S.l      I> .  as  a  tonic,  five  grains. 

Y.\  rRA<  ii  y    Cor'ticii   Qdi  bi  fta,    Ba  <>  m  \   o 
oak  bark.     (  The  decoction  evaporated.)     It  is  ss- 
tringenl  and  tonic. 

Extractdm  Qdi'hia,  Quiniar  sulphas  impu'ru  -. 
Tbi-  is  mad"  by  evaporating  the  liquor  poured 
off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  qninia  to  the  eon- 
sistenoe  of  s  pilular  mass.  Twenty-four  grains 
will  generally  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Extractdm  Rum,  Extract  of  Rhubarb.     (A 


EXTRACTUM 


EXUVIATION 


solution  in  diluted  alcohol  evaporated.)  Uses 
like  those  of  the  powdered  root.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Rhei  flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Rhubarb.  (Rhej  in  pulv.  crass,  ^viij,  Sacch ar. 
%v,  Tinct.  Zingib.  f.^ss,  01.  foenieul.,  01.  anis. 
aa  TT^iv;  Alcohol,  d'ilut.  q.  s.  Digest  the  rhu- 
barb, mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  coarse  sand, 
with  ^xij  of  the  diluted  alcohol  for  24  hours. 
Put  the  mass  into  the  percolator,  and  pour  on 
diluted  alcohol  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  odour  or  taste  of  rhubarb ;  evaporate  to  f  ^  v  ; 
dissolve  it  in  the  sugar,  and  mix  the  tincture  of 
ginger  and  oils.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fgj. 

Extractum  Ru'dii,  Extract  of  Rudius,  (F.) 
Extrait  de  Rudius.  Pills  made  of  colocynth, 
agaric,  scammony,  roots  of  black  hellebore  and 
jalap,  socotrine  aloes,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves,  and 
alcohol. 

Extractum  Rutjs  Graveolen'tis,  E.  Rutoe 
seu  folio' rum  Rutce,  Extract  of  Rue.  (A  decoc- 
tion evaporated.)  Tonic,  stomachic.  The  vola- 
tile oil  being  dissipated  in  the  boiling,  this  is  not 
a  good  preparation.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j- 

Extractum  Folio'rum  Sabi'n^e,  Extract  of 
Savine.  (A  decoction  evap>orated.)  Tonic.  The 
same  remarks  may  be  made  on  this  preparation 
as  on  the  last.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ss. 

Extractum  Sanguinis  Bovini,  see  Blood. 
Extractum  Sarsaparil'l^e,  Extract  of  Sar- 
saparil'la.  (A  strained  decoction  evaporated.) 
Virtues  the  same  as  those  of  the  powdered  root. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  £j.  Extractum  Sarsaparilla  of 
the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  prepared 
from  Sarsaparilla,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Sarsaparilla  flu'idum,  E.  Sarsa? 
Liq'uidum,  E.  Sarzce  Fluidum,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Sarsaparilla.  {Sarsaparill.  concis.  et  contus. 
,^xvj,  Glycyrrhiz.  contus.,  Sassafr.  rad.  contus., 
aa  t^ij,  Mezerei  concis.  fivj,  Sacchar.  ^xij,  Alco- 
hol, dilut.  Oviij.  Macerate,  with  the  exception 
of  the  sugar,  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter  ;  eva- 
porate to  fjfxij  ;  ,and  add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  a  fluidrachm. 

Extractum  Saturn i,  Goulard's,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis  —  e.  Scobis  hsematoxyli,  E. 
haematoxyli. 

Extractum  Senna  flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Senna.  (Sennm  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibijss;  Sac- 
char.  t^xx;  01.  Foenieul.  f £j  ;  Sp.  JEther.  com- 
pos, f^ij  ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Mix  the  senna 
and  diluted  alcohol;  let  the  mixture  stand  for  24 
hours  ;  put  it  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually 
pour  on  water  mixed  with  one-third  its  bulk  of 
alcohol,  until  a  gallon  and  a  half  of  liquid  shall 
have  passed;  evaporate  to  f^xx;  add  the  sugar, 
and,  when  it  is  dissolved,  the  compound  spirit  of 
ether  holding  the  oil  in  solution.     Dose,  f^ss. 

Extractum  Spige'lle  et  Senna  flu'idum, 
Fluid  Extract  of  Spigelia  and  Senna.  Spigel. 
in  pulv.  crass,  lb j  ;  Sennoe  in  pulv.  crass,  ^vj  ; 
Sacchar.  fbiss  ;  Potass,  carbon,  gvj  ;  01.  Carui, 
01.  Anisi,  aa  f  ^ss  :  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Pour 
on  the  spigelia  and  senna  Oij  of  diluted  alcohol ; 
let  it  stand  for  48  hours  ;  place  it  in  a  percolator, 
and  pour  on  gradually  diluted  alcohol  until  half 
a  gallon  has  passed :  evaporate  to  a  pint :  add 
the  carbonate  of  potassa;  and  afterwards  the 
sugar,  previously  triturated  with  the  oils,  and 
dissolve.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Stramo'nii,  E.  Stramo'nii  folio'- 
rum, (Ph.  U.  S.),  Extract  of  Stramo'nium  or  of 
Stramonium  leaves.  (The  expressed  juice  inspis- 
sated.) The  Extractum  Stramonii  Son'inis,  Ex- 
tract of  Stramonium  Seed,  is  made  from  the  pow- 
dered seed  by  means  of  diluted  alcohol,  and  with 
the  aid  of  the  percolator;  —  the  solution  being 
evaporated.     Ph.  U.  S.)      Used  as   a  narcotic  in 


asthma  and  other  spasmodic  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  ij  to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Styracis,  see  Styrax. 

Extractum  Tarax'aci,  E.  Ilerbcs  et  Radi'cis 
Tarax'aci,  Extract  of  Dandeli'on.  (  The  strained 
juice  evaporated.)  It  has  been  considered  deob- 
struent,  laxative,  and  diuretic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  £j. 

Extractum  Thebaicum,  E.  Opii. 

Extractum  Uva  Ursi,  Extract  of  Uva  Ursi. 
(The  Decoction  evaporated.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr. 

XXX. 

Extractum  Valeria'na,  Extract  of  Vale'rian. 
(An  expressed  decoction  evaporated.)  The  virtues 
of  the  valerian  being  dependent  upon  its  essential 
oil,  this  is  an  objectionable  preparation.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  £j. 

A  fluid  extract  of  Valerian,  Extractum  Vale- 
ria'n<z  flu'idum, has  been  introduced  into  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  U.  S.  (1851).  It  is 
prepared  by  exhausting  the  valerian  by  ether  and 
alcohol,  through  the  percolator,  and  evaporating. 
Dose,  f  5Jj  or  f^ij. 

EXTRAIT!  Extract  —  e.  Alcoholique  de  noix 
vomique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — e.  de  Kino, 
Kino  —  e.  des  Fruits,  Rob — e.  Hemostatique  de 
Bonjean,  Ergotin — e.  de  Viande,  Osmazome. 

EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY,  Foreign  body,  from 
extra,  'without.'  Corpus  extra'neum,  C.  exter- 
num, C.  alie'num,  (F.)  Corps  etranger.  Any  solid, 
liquid,  or  gaseous  substance,  inanimate  or  ani- 
mate, proceeding  from  without,  or  formed  in  the 
body;  and  which  constitutes  no  part  of  the  body, 
but  occupies,  in  the  substance  of  the  textures,  or 
some  of  the  cavities,  a  place  foreign  to  it. 

EXTRAVASA'TION,  Extravasa'tio,  Extrava'- 
sion,   from   extra,   '  out  of,'  and  vasa,   '  vessels.' 
Escape  of  a  fluid — extravasa'tum — from  the  ves- 
sel containing  it,  and  infiltration  or  effusion  of  the 
fluid  into  the  surrounding  textures. 
EXTRA VASATUM,  see  Extravasatio. 
EXTRAVASION,  Extravasation. 
EXTREM'ITY,    Extrem'itas,  (F.)  Extremite ; 
from  extremus,  'the  outermost;'  the  end  or  termi- 
nation  of  a  thing.     The  limbs,  acrote'ria,  have 
been  so  called, — as  the  upper  and  lower  extremi- 
ties.    See  Membrum.     It  has  been,  also,  used  to 
express  the  last  moments  of  life  ;    as   when  we 
say,  a  patient  is  in  'extremity,'  (F.)  le  malade  est 
d  V extremite,  a  toute  extremite. 

EXTRUXSIC,  Extrin'secus.     ' From  without.' 
That  which  comes  from  without.     This  term  has 
been  used  for  muscles,  which  surround   certain 
organs    and    attach    them    to    the   neighbouring 
parts;   in  order  to  distinguish  them  from  other 
muscles,  which  enter  into  the  intimate  composi- 
tion of  those  organs,  and  which  have  been  named 
intrinsic.     Thus,  there  are  extrinsic  and  intrinsic 
muscles  of  the  toneue.  ear.  &c. 
EXTROVERSIO,  Exstrophia. 
EXTUBERAXTIA,  Protuberance. 
EXTUBERATIO.  Protuberance. 
EXTUMEFACTIO,  Swelling. 
EXTUS'SIO,  from  ex,  and   tussis,  'a  cough.' 
'I  cough  with  expectoration.' 

EXU'BER,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  'devoid  of,'  and 
ubera,  'breasts;'  Apogalac'tos.  'A  child  which 
has  been  weaned.' 

EXUDATIOX  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus- 
cles, exudation. 

EXULCERATIO,  Ecthlimma.  Ulceration  — e. 
Uteri,   Hvsterelcosis — e.  Ventriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 
EXUMBILICATIO,  Exomphalos. 
EXUSTIO,  Cauterization. 
EXUTORIUM,  Fonticulus. 
EXUTORY,  Fonticulus. 
EXUYLE.  see  Exuviation. 
EXUVIA'TIOX,  Exuvia'tio,  from  exuere,   'to 
put  off.'     The  shedding  or  casting  off  of  parts,  as 


EYE 


3G9 


F  AC  i: 


the  deciiluou3  teeth,  the  skins  of  serpents,  Ac., 
which  are  hence  called  Exu'iice. 

BYE,  Sax.  ear.  Teuton.  Auge,  Oc'ulua,  Op*, 
Omma,   Opkthal'm 
go'riiim  Org'anum, 

■  immediate  orgab  of  vision.     It  is 
in  the  orbit,  while  it-  depeo  lencies,  called 
by  Haller  Tutam'ina   Oc'uli,  occupy  the  circuni- 
of  the  cavity,  ami  are   composed  of  the 
inds  of  Meibomius, 
Ac.     The  /;  r  Bulb  of  the  Eye,  Bulbus 

Oc'uli.  is  covered  anteriorly  by  the  tunica  con- 
junctiva :  is  mored  by  six  muscles,  four straight, 
que,  and  is  constituted  of  membranes,  as 
ioroid,  tunica  Jaaohi,  re- 
tina, irie,  hyaloid,  and.  in  the  foetus,  the  vicm- 
bratm  pupillaris  :  and  of  fluids,  called  Humour*, 
or  M    lia, — the  <i ,  illine,  and  vitreous. 

The  eyeball  is  invested  with  a  membranous  tunic, 
which  separates  it  from  the  other  structures  of 
the  orbit,  and  forms  a  smooth,  hollow  surface,  by 
which  its  motions  are  facilitated.  This  invest- 
ment has  been  called  ceU'ular  eapeule  of  the  eye, 
oc'ulur  eapeule,  tufniea  vagina' lit  oc'uli,  vag"inal 
c/jcit,    ■■■  eular  fascia   of  the  eye.     The 

of  the  eye  proceed  from  the  ophthalmic 
artery.  The  nerves,  except  the  optic,  are  chiefly 
furnished  from  the  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The 
following  are  the  dimensions,  Ac,  of  the  organ, 
on  the  authority  of  Petit,  Young,  Gordon,  and 
Brewster : 

Length  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 

the    eve 0.91 

Vertical  chord  of  the  cornea 0.45 

I  sine  of  the  cornea 0.11 

atal  chord  of  the  cornea 0.47 

Size  of  pupil  seen  through  the  cornea,  0.27  to  0.13 

Size    of    pupil    diminished    by    magnifying 
power  of  cornea  to,  from 0.25  to  0.12 

Radius  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  crystal- 
line    0.30 

Radius  of  posterior  surface 0.22 

Principal  focal  distance  of  lens 1.73 

nee  of  the  centre  of  the  optic  nerve 
from  the  foramen  centrale  of  Sb'mmering...  0.11 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  cornea 0.10 


Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  anterior  surface 

of  the  crystalline 0.02 

Field  of  vision  above  a  horizontal  line,  5H°  |    .9  ft0 
Field  of  vision  below  a  horizontal  line,  70°  j 

Field  of  vision  in  a  horizontal  plane 150° 

Diameter  of  the  crystalline  in  a  woman  above 

fifty  years  of  age 0.878 

Diameter  of  the  cornes 0.  loo 

Thickness  of  the  crystalline 0. 1  7_' 

Thickness  of  the  cornea 0.042 

Eyk.  ArpLE.see  Melum — e.  Apple  of  the,  Pupil. 
Kyi:  IUi.m,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

EVIMW.KKK,   Pal] 

ErS-BBKIV,  Bee  Supercilium. 

Y.yk  Bright,  Euphrasia  officinalis,  Lobelia 
Veronica — e.  Brow,  Supercilium. 

Eyk,  Cm'-,  Amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic — e.  Cel- 
lular capsule  of  the,  see  Eye. 

Eyk,  CvLiNn'mcAL  An  eye  is  so  called  in 
j  which  the  rays  of  light,  on  entering  the  organ,  are 
refracted  to  a  nearer  focus  in  a  vertical  than  in 
I  a  horizontal  plane. 

Eyk  Drop,  Tear. 

Eye  Glass,  Scaphium  oculare,  see  Spectacles. 
J  Also,  a  glass  adapted  for  the  application  of  colly- 
ria  to  the  eye. 

Eye,  Gim  of  the,  Chassie. 

Eyk  Lashes,  Cilia — e.  Lid,  Palpebra — e.  Lid, 
granular,  Trachoma  —  e.  Melon,  see  Melum  —  e. 
Purulent,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

En  Salve,  Sing i. kton's,  Dnguentum  Hydrar- 
gyri  nitrico-oxydi;  Eye-salve,  Smellome's,  see 
Cupri  subacetas. 

Eyk,  Sight  of  the,  Pupil. 

Eye  Stone.  The  shelly  operculum  of  small 
turbinideae.  Used  at  Guernsey  to  get  things  out 
of  the  eyes.  Being  put  into  the  inner  corner  of 
the  eye,  under  the  eyelid,  it  works  its  way  out 
at  the  outer  corner,  and  brings  out  any  foreign 
substance  with  it. — Gray. 

Eye  Teeth,  Canine  teeth — e.  of  Typhon,  Scil- 
la — e.  Water,  Collyrium — e.  Water,  common.  Li- 
quor zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora  —  e.  Water* 
blue,  Licpuor  cupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Watery,  Epi- 
phora. 

Eye,  White  of  the,  see  Sclerotic. 


F. 


FAB  A,  Phaseolus,  Yleia  faba  —  f.  iEgyptiaea, 
RymphsBa  nelnmbo  —  f.  Cathartica,  Jatropha, 
cure;;.-  —  !'.  Crase  a.  Sedum  telephium  —  f.  Febri- 
fuga,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  (rneca,  Diospyros  lotus 
—  f.  Indica,  [gnatia  amara  —  f.  Major,  Vicia 
faba — f.  Pechurei,  Pichurim  Beans  —  f.  Pichu- 
rim,  Pichurim  Beans  —  f.  Purgatrix,  Ricinus 
communis  —  f.  Suneti  Ignatii,  Ignatia  amara  —  f. 
Suilla.  Hyoscyamus  —  f.  Vulgaris,  Vicia  faba. 

FA!;  .  Lselli. 

TAB  AGE  LIE,  Zygophyllum  ffcgsbo. 

PABARIA  CR  LSSULA,  Sedum  telephium. 
RICA  ANDROGYN  \.  ffermaphrodeity. 

Ml,  (F.) 
-  the  anterior  part  of  the 

perior 

maxillary,  the  '»•"  malar,  the  riso  osea  naei,  the 

>  unguis,  the  vomer,  the  mgioea 

palate  bones,  and  the  i 

maxillary,  without  including  the  frontal  portion 

of  the  rhieh  may  be 

oonsid.  rm  part  of  it.     Its   oomerous 

21 


muscles  are  chiefly  destined  for  the  organs  of 
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.  Its  arteries 
proceed  from  the  external  carotid :  its  veins  end 
in  the  jugular,  and  its  nerves  draw  their  origin 
immediately  from  the  brain. 

The  face  experiences  alterations  in  disease, 
which  it  is  important  to  attend  to.  It  is  yellow 
in  jaundice,  pale  and  puffy  in  dropsy  :  and  its 
expression  is  very  different,  according  to  | 
of  irritation,  so  that,  in  infant.-,  by  an  attention 
to  medical  physiognomy,  we  can  often  detect  the 
seat  of  disease. 

Hippocrates  has  well  depicted  the  change 
which  it  experiences  in  one  exhausted  by  long 
sickness,  by  great  evacuations,  excessive  hunger, 
watchfulness,  Ac,  threatening  dissolution.  Hence 
this  staj  a  called  Facie*  Hippocratfica, 

i.   F.  Tortua'lie.     In  this,  the 
nose  is  pinched;  the  eyes  are  sunk:  the  temples 
hollow;    the  cars  cold,  and  retracted;    the  .-kin 
of  the  forehead   tense,  and   dry;   the  coin; 
livid;   the  lips  pendent,  relaxed,  and  eold, 


FACE   AGUE 


370 


FAGUS 


The  term  Face  (F.)  is  likewise  given  to  one  of 
the  aspects  of  an  organ ;  thus,  we  say,  the  supe- 
rior face  of  the  stomach. 

FACE  AGUE,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

FACE  INJECT EE,  see  Vultueux—  f.  Vul- 
tueuse,  see  Vultueux. 

FACET',  (F.)  Facette.  Diminutive  of  Face.  A 
small  face.  A  small,  circumscribed  portion  of 
the  surface  of  a  bone,  as  the  articular  facette  of 
a  boue. 

FACHINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  at  no  great  distance  from  those 
of  Geilenau,  and  two  miles  north  of  Wisbaden. 
They  contain  free  carbonic  acid :  carbonate,  sul- 
phate, and  phosphate  of  soda  :  chloride  of  sodium, 
carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

FA'CIAL,  Facia'lis,  from  fades,  'the  face.' 
Belonging  to,  or  connected  with,  the  face. 

Facial  Angle,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Artery,  La'bial  artery,  An'gular  or 
external  max' Mary  artery,  A.  palato-labial  — 
(Ch.),  is  a  branch  of  the  external  carotid,  which 
rises  beneath  the  digastricus,  and  is  distributed 
to  almost  every  part  of  the  face.  It  furnishes 
the  inferior  palatal,  submental,  superior  labial, 
inferior  labial,  and  dorsalis  nasi. 

Facial  Line,  see  Angle,  facial. 

FACIAL  Nerve,  Ramus  du'rior  sep'timce  conju- 
gatio'nis,  Sympathet'icus  minor,  Par  sep'timum 
seu  facia'le,  Oommu'nicans  fa'ciei  nervus,  Portio 
dura  of  the  1th  pair,  Res' piratory  nerve  of  the 
face.  This  nerve  arises  from  the  inferior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  tuber  annulare,  in  the  groove 
which  separates  it  from  the  medulla  oblongata, 
external  to  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  by  the  side 
of  the  auditory  nerve.  It  issues  from  the  cranium 
by  the  meatus  auditorius  interims;  enters  the 
aqueduct  of  Fallopius;  receives  a  branch  of  the 
Vidian  nerve;  forms  a  gangliform  swelling — Intu- 
mescen'tia  gangliform' is  ; — sends  off  filaments  to 
the  internal  muscles  of  the  malleus  and  stapes; 
furnishes,  according  to  many  anatomists,  that 
called  Chorda  Tympani ;  makes  its  exit  at  the 
foramen  stylo-mastoideum,  and  divides  into  two 
branches — the  temporo-facial,  and  cervico-facial. 
On  the  face  it  is  termed  Pes  anseri'nus,  Plexus 
nervo'rum  anseri' nus.     See  Portio  Wrisbergii. 

Facial  Vein,  Pal'ato-labial — {Ch.),  arises  be- 
tween the  skin  and  frontalis  muscle,  and  bears 
the  name  Vena  Fronta'lis,  (F.)  Veine  frontale  ou 
V.  Preparate.  It  then  descends,  vertically,  to- 
wards the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  where  it  is 
called  Angula'ris ;  and  afterwards  descends, 
obliquely,  on  the  face,  to  open  into  the  internal 
jugular,  after  having  received  branches,  which 
correspond  with  those  of  the  facial  artery.  It  is 
only  in  the  latter  part  of  its  course  that  it  is 
called  Facial  Vein.  Chaussier  calls  the  external 
carotid  artery,  Facial  Artery. 

FA'CIENT,  faciens,  'making,'  from  facio,  'I 
make.'  A  suffix,  as  in  Calefacient,  Rubefacient, 
&c,  'warm  making/  'red  making.' 

FACIES,  Face  — f.  Cadaverica,  see  Face  — f. 
Concava  pedis,  Sole — f.  Hippocratica,  see  Face — 
f.  Inferior  pedis,  Sole — f.  Tortualis,  see  Face. 

FACT  WE,  Factitious. 

FACTITIOUS,  FactW'ius,  (F.)  Factice,  from 
facere,  factum,  'to  make.'  Artificial.  That  which 
is  made  by  art,  in  opposition  to  what  is  natural, 
or  found  already  existing  in  nature.  Thus,  we 
say,  factitious  mineral  waters,  for  artificial  mine- 
ral waters. 

FACULTAS,  Faculty— f.  Auctrix,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Formatrix,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Nutrix,  Plastic 
force— f.  Vegetativa,  Plastic  force— f.  Zotica,  Vis 
vitalis. 

FACULTATES  NATURALES,  see  Function.  \ 


FACULTY,  Facxdtas,  Dy'namis,  Power,  Vir- 
tue, (F.)  Faculte,  (ram  facilis,  (itself  from  facere, 
'to  make,')  'what  can  be  made  or  done.'  The 
power  of  executing  any  function  or  act.  The  col- 
lection of  the  intellectual  faculties  constitutes  the 
understanding.  We  say,  also,  vital  faculties  for 
vital  properties,  &c.  Faculty  likewise  means  the 
whole  body  of  the  medical  profession,  and,  also, 
a  body  of  medical  or  other  professors. 

FiECAL,  Stercoraceous — f.  Retention,  Consti- 
pation. 

FJ3CES,  Plural  of  Fax;  Feces,  Chersce,  'tho 
dregs  of  any  thing.'  Fee' ulence,  (F.)  Feces.  The 
alvine  evacuations  are  so  called  ;  (F.)  G order obes ; 
the  excrements,  Impurita'tes  alvince,  Fcecal  mat- 
ter.    See  Excrement. 

Faeces  Indurate,  Scybala. 

F.ECOSITAS,  Feculence. 

FyECULA,  Fecula. 

F.ECULENTIA,  Feculence. 

F.ECUNDATIO,  Fecundatio. 

F.ECUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

F^IX,  Feculence. 

FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA,  Xanthox'ylum  oc- 
tan'dra,  Elaph'rium  tomento'snm,  Am'yris  tomen- 
to'sum,  from  fagus,  'the  beech,'  which  it  resem- 
bles. Ord.  Rutaceae.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant,  which  affords  Tacamaha'ca,  a  resinous 
substance,  that  exudes  from  the  tree  Tacamahaca, 
which  has  a  fragrant,  delightful  smell,  was  for- 
merly in  high  estimation,  as  an  ingredient  in 
warm,  stimulating  plasters,  and  was  given  inter- 
nally, like  the  balsams  generally.  The  East  India 
Tacamahac,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide  seu  Cal'aba  seu 
Maria,  O'leum  Mar'ia,  (F.)  Baume  de  Calaba, 
Baume  vert,  B.  Marie,  is  yielded  by  Calophyl'lum 
inophyl'lum  seu  Bahama' ria  Inophyl'lum. 

The  name  Tacamahac  is  also  given  to  a  resin 
furnished  by  Pop'ulus  balsamif'era  seu  tacama- 
ha'ca, (F.)  Peuplier  baumier  ou  de  la  Caroline, 
which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of  America 
and  Siberia. 

Fagara  Piperi'ta,  (F.)  Fagarier  poivre ;  a 
native  of  Japan,  possesses,  the  qualities  of  pepper, 
and  is  used  as  such  by  the  Japanese.  It  is,  also, 
employed  as  a  rubefacient  cataplasm. 

FAGARAS'TRUM  CAPEN'SE.  Nat.  Ord. 
Xanthoxylea?.  A  South  African  plant,  the  fruit 
of  which  is  known  to  the  Colonists  as  icild  Car- 
damom; and,  on  account  of  its  aromatic  qualities, 
is  prescribed  in  flatulency  and  paralysis. 

FAGARIER  POIVRE,  Fagara  octandra. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

FAGUS,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Casta'nea.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Chestnut  Tree;  Casta'nea,  C.  vulgu'ris  seu 
vesca,  Lo'pima,  Mota,  Gians  Jovis  Theophrast'i, 
Ju'piter's  or  Sardin'ian  Acorn;  the  Common 
Chestnut,  (F.)  Chdtagnier  commun,  of  the  Oak 
Family.  Orel.  Cupuliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia 
Polyandria.  The  Chestnut,  Casta'nea  mix,  (F.) 
Chdtaigne,  is  farinaceous  and  nutritious,  but  not 
easy  of  digestion. 

Fagus  Castanea  Pu'mila.  The  Chin'capin 
or  Chinquapin,  Castanea  Pumila,  (F.)  Chdtaignier 
nain.  The  nut  of  this  American  tree  is  eaten 
like  the  chestnut.  The  bark,  Castanea  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  has  been  used  in  intermittents. 

Fagus  Purpurea,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Sylvat'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Beech,  Fagus,  F.  sylves'tris  seu  pnrpu'rea, 
Orya,  Balan'da,  Valan'ida;  the  Beech  Tree, 
(F.)  Hetre.  The  Beech-nut  or  Beech-mast.  (E. ) 
Faine,  affords  an  oil,  by  expression,  which  is  of 
a  palatable  character,  and  is  eaten  in  some  places 


FA  IB  LB 


371 


PALS!  FIXATION 


instead  of  batter.     It  ha.--  been  supposed  I 
ijood  Temifuge,  but  it  u  uu  better  than  any  inild 

oil. 

Facts  Btltbstbib,  P.  sylvatica. 

FAIBLESSB,  Debility." 

FAIM,  1 1 1 1 1 1 _- •  ■  r — /.  Canine,  Bouliuiia — /.  dc 
Loup.  Fames  lupina. 

FAINE,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

FAIN  1'.  Bee  Syncope. 

FAINTING,  Syncope. 

FAIN  HNG-FIT,  Syncope. 

FAINTISHNBSS,  see  Syncope. 

FAINTNESS,  Languor,  Syn 

FAIRBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  at  this  place,  which  is  in  the 
county  of  Ross,  in  Sootland,  are  sulphureous, 
and  frequented. 

PAIRNTICKLED,  see  Ephelidee. 

FA  ISA  ND  1SE8  (  Y1AXDES),  see  Hypo- 
saprus. 

FAISCEAU,  Fasciculus—/.  Internu'diuire  de 
Writberg,  Portio  Wrisbergii  — f.  Petit,  Fasci- 
culus. 

FAIX,  Foetus. 

PALC  M»INA.  see  Scherlievo. 

PALCES,  sco  Falx. 

PAL'CIFORM,     Fald/or'tnit,     DrepanoVdee, 

from  falx,  falcia,  'a  scythe,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 

Saving  the  shape  of  a  scythe.     This  terra  has 

ipplied  to  different  parts.     See  Falx,  and 

Sinus. 

Falciform  Expansion  op  the  Fascia  Lata, 
rythe-shaped  reflection  of  the  fascia  lata, 
which  firms,  outwards  and  upwards,  the  opening 
for  the  vena  saphsena,  and  is  attached  to  the  cru- 
r;d  an-h  by  its  superior  extremity,  forming  the 
unterior  paries  of  the  canal  of  the  same  name. 

FALLACIA,  Hallucination. 

Fallacia  Optica.     An  optic  illusion. 

FALLAND-EVTL,  Epilepsy. 

PALLING-DOWN,  Epilepsy. 

FAFF  INC  SICKNESS,  Epilepsy. 

FALLOPIAN  TUBE,  see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

FALLl'OISON,  Amianthum  muscietoxicum. 


PALLTRANCK,   Paltranek   (G.),  literally, 

a    drink    against  fall*.      A    vulnerary.      It     is    a 

mixture  of  several  aromatic  and  slightly  astrin- 
gent  plants,  which   grow   ohiefly  in    the   Swiss 

Alps,  and  hence    the  name —  Vulniraire   Suieee— 

given  to  such  dried  plants  cut  into  fragments. 
They  arc  called,  B  '  -    Vulniraire*,   and 

Thi  Suieee.  Within  the  present  century,  in  Eng- 
land, a  kind  of  vulnerary  beer  was  often  pre- 
scribed, in  country  practice,  in  all  easel  of  in- 
ward bruises.  It  bore  the  name  Oerevie'ia  nigra, 
<>r  black  beer,  and  was  formed  by  infusing  certain 
reputed  vulnerary  herbs  in  beer  Ot  ale. 

The  infusion  of  the  Falltranck  is  aromatic,  and 
Blightly  agreeable,  bul  of  do  use  in  the  oa 
which  it  lias  been  particularly  recommended. 

FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  Falmouth,  in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles 
that  of  IVn/.anee  :  and,  like  it,  is  in  many  re- 
spects, a  favourable  retreat  for  the  phthisical 
during  the  winter  months. 

FALSA  via.  False  passage. 

FALSE,  Faleue,  XotiiuxJ'si  hiIo,  Spu'rious,  Ras- 
tard,  (F.)  Faux,  Faueee.  This  epithet  has  been 
frequently  added  to  peripneumony,  pleurisy,  Ac., 
to  designate  a  disease  similar  to  these,  but  less 
severe.  Must  commonly,  a  severe  catarrh  or 
pleurodynia  has  received  the  name.  See  Peri- 
pneumonia notha. 

Falsi-:  Passage,  Falea  Via,  (F.)  Fausse  Route. 
An  accidental  passage,  made  in  surgical  opera- 
tions, and  particularly  in  introducing  the  cathe- 
ter. The  catheter  is  sometimes  passed  through 
into  the  rectum. 

False  Waters,  Hydration' &,  False  Delivery, 
Water,  which  sometimes  collects  between  the 
amnion  and  chorion,  and  is  commonly  discharged 
before  the  birth  of  the  child. 

We  say,  also,  Falee  Ribs,  Fahe  Rhubarb,  <tc. 

FALSETTO  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FALSIFICATION,  Adultera'tio,  from  falsua, 
'false,'  and  fa  cere,  'to  make.'  A  fraudulent  imi- 
tation or  alteration  of  an  aliment  or  medicine  by 
different  admixtures.  Manga'nium,  Manganiea'-m 
tio.  It  is  synonymous  with  adulteration  and 
sophistication. 


TABLE  OF  COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MOST  USEFUL 

DRUGS,  «tc. 


Medicines. 

Adulterations. 

Mode  of  Detection. 

Acacia  Grain.         ■ 
1    Destilla- 

Tt   \[. 

'.         Ml/ItlATI- 
C  I  M. 

Ou  m  Senegal ■ 

Sulphuric  Acid 

'  G.  S.   is   clammy   and   tenacious.     The  A.  C.    is 
perfectly   soluble    in    water,   and    its    solution 
limpid. 

Acetate  ofbarytes  causes  a  white  precipiti 

By  evaporating  it,  the  residuum  deflagrates,  when 
thrown  on  burning  charcoal. 

Supersaturate  with  ammonia  —  a  blue  colour  is 
produced. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen  causes  a  dark  precipitate. 
'Deposit                poration  the  salts  it  may  con- 
tain; precipitates  willi   solution   of  hydrochlo- 
rate  of  baryta  if  it  contains  Bulphurie  acid. 

The  presence  of  chlorine  is  indicated  by  a 

pitate  with  nitrate  of  silver:   that  of  sulphuric 

lead 

Sulphuric  Acid - 

Muriatic   and   Sulphuric 

A'  id*. 

Muriatic      and      Nitric 
Arid* 

Tartaric       and        Oxalic 
Acids. 

Bnxi 

CCK. 

Citricuvi. 

acid  by  tin'  same  result  with  hydro,-!.: 

bar\ 

[The  prt                a  ariatie  and  nitric  acid  is  indi- 
cated by  the  smell,  vrhen  the  acid  U 
strongly  I. 

f  Their  i                   indicated  by  fori! 

lar  sediment  in  a  concentrated  solution  of  a 

I      neutral  salt  "t  |- 

FALSIFICATION 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


JEther   Rectifica 
tus. 

Aqua  Ammonia. 
Ammonia       Carro 
nas. 


Precipitate  white. 


Carbonic  Acid 


Ammoniacum. 


Ammonii  Sulphure 

tuit. 


Argenti  Nitras. 


Absenicum  Album:. 
Balsamum  Peruvi 

ANU2I. 

Capsicum. 
Cayenne  Pepper. 


Castoreum. 
Castor. 


Cera  Flava. 
Yellow  Wax. 


Cera  Alba. 
White  Wax. 

Cinchona. 
Bark. 


Coccus. 
Cochineal. 


COLOMBA. 


Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Copaiva. 


Crocus. 
Saffron. 


Lead. 

Arsenic 

Manganese  and  Iron. 

Copper 


Nitrate  of  Potassa. 


Not  easily  detected. 


f  Too  dilute.  The  S.  G.  detects  thi 

-  J  Sulphuric  Acid By  acetate  of  baryta. 

1    ,,     ,    ,  f  With  phosphorus  a  milky  instead  of  limpid  solu 

Alcolwl -i      tion  is  formed. 

A  precipitation  occurs  on  adding  a  solution  of 

muriate  of  lime 
It  should  be  capable  of  complete  volatilization 

by  heat. 
The  Guttce  Ammoniaci  are  white,  clear,  and  dry. 
The  lump  Ammoniacum,  lapis  Ammoniaci,  is  often 

adulterated  with  common  resin 
It  ought  to  be  entirely  volatilized  by  a  red  heat. 
Imparts  a  foliated  texture,  and  is  not  vaporizable. 
A  smell  of  garlic  is  emitted  when  thrown  on  live 

coals,  <fec. 
Are  not  vaporizable. 

The  solution  assumes  a  blue  colour,  when  super- 
saturated with  ammonia.  It  may  be  suspected 
when  the  salt  deliquesces. 
The  adulteration  with  nitrate  of  potassa  is  easily 
recognized  by  the  fracture  of  a  stick  of  it,  which 
is  radiated  when  pure,  and  granular  if  adulte- 
rated; or  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  the 
salts  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  muriatic  acid 
and  evaporating  the  clear  liquor :  the  nitrate 
of  potassa  or  other  salts  will  remain 
'  Chalk,  Sulphate  of  Lime,  f  Not  volatizable  b     neafc. 

/Sulphate  of  Baryta. 
r  A  mixture  of  Resin  and 
Volatile  Oil,  with 
Benzoin. 

Chloride  of  Sodium This  disposes  it  to  deliquesce. 

"  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  a  solution  of  sul 
Bed  Lead ■{      phuret  of  ammonia  —  a  dark-coloured  precipi- 
tate will  be  produced. 
A  mixture  of  dried  blood, 
gum  ammoniac,  and  a 
little  real  castor,  stuffed  -j  Smell  and  taste  will  generally  detect  the  fraud. 
into    the   scrotum  of  a 
goat.  [ 

„    a,        „             7  f  May  be  suspected  when  the  cake  is  brittle  and 

Earth  or  Peasmeal {      ^  grayish- 

„    .  f  Put  it  in  cold  alcohol,  which  will  dissolve  the 

e8in {      resin,  without  acting  on  the  wax. 

Is  known  by  the  greater  softness  and  unctuosity, 

and  its  smell  when  melted.     Turmeric  is  gene 

rally  added  in  this  case  to  obviate  the  paleness. 

f  White  Lead Melt  the  wax,  the  oxide  will  subside. 

{  Tallow   The  cake  has  not  its  ordinary  translucency. 

f  This  is  variously  adulte- 

1  rated,  but  generally  tcith 
the  Carthagena  and 
other  inferior  barks. 

Pieces  of  dough  formed  C 

in  moulds,  and  coloured  I  Throw  it  into  water,  the  adulteration  will  appear. 
with  cochineal.  y 

f  The  true  is  distinguishable  from  the  false  Colomba 
by  adding  to  an  infusion  of  the  root,  a  few  drops 
of  solution  of  sulph.  iron,  which  gives  to  the 
infusion  of  the  false  Colomba  a  greenish  black 
colour ;  but  produces  no  change  in  the  other. 
If  it  does  not  retain  its  spherical  form  when  dropped 

into  water,  its  adulteration  may  be  inferred. 
Mix  one  part  of  strong  liquid  ammonia  of  22°, 
with  three  parts  of  copaiba.  If  pure,  the  mix- 
ture will,  in  a  few  minutes,  become  transparent 
if  not,  it  will  remain  opake. 
Affords  an  unpleasant  odour  when  thrown  on 
live  coals 

Petals  of  the  Calendula  fInfuge  the  speeimen  in  hot  water,  and  the  diffe 
officinalis,  and  Cartha-  -> 
mus  Tinctorius, 


Talloto 


Can  only  be  detected  by  practice,  and  examining 
into  the  quantity  of  quinia  or  cinchonia  it 
contains. 


rence  will  be  perceptible. 


FALSIFICATION 


8  7  3 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


Cubkba. 

Cubcbs. 

Ousparls  Cortex. 

Angustura  Bark. 


0UAIAC1   Rksina. 

Resin  of  Guuiucum. 


Htdrargtri  Chlo- 

ridum   Mite. 
Calomel. 


Hydrargyri     Oxi- 

DIM    BuBRTJlf. 

Red  Precipitate. 

Hydrargyri     Sul- 
phuretum  Rubrum 

Hydrargyri     Sul- 
phuretum  Nigrum. 

Iodine. 

Jalaps  Radix. 
Jalap  Root. 

Magnesia. 


Magnesia  Subcar- 

BONAS. 
Carbonate  of  Jfagnc- 
sia. 


Turk i  i/  Y'llow  Berries, 
or  the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Jihamnua  Catharticus. 


Detected  by  attentive  examination. 


(The  epidermis  of  the  true  Cusparia  is  character- 
ized by  being  covered  with  a  matter  resembling 
the  rust  of  iron. 
(Detected  by  the  turpentine   smell  emitted  when 
{     thrown  upon  hot  ooals. 

;A>1<1  to  the  tincture  a  few  drops  of  spirit  of  nitre, 
and  dilate  with  water;  the  guaicum  is  precipi 
tated — the  adulteration  floats  in  the  white  striae 
'A  precipitation  will  be  produced  by  the  carbonate 
of  potass,  from  a  solution  made  by  boiling  the 
suspected  sample  with  a  small  portion  of  mu- 
riate of  ammonia  in  distilled  water;  or,  the 
presence  of  deuto-chloride  of  mercury  is  indi- 
cated, by  wanning  gently  a  small  quantity  of 
calomel  in  alcohol,  filtering  and  adding  to  the 
clear  liquor  some  lime-water,  by  which  a  red- 
dish yellow  precipitate  is  afforded.  When 
calomel  is  rubbed  with  a  fixed  alkali,  it  ought 
to  become  intensely  black,  and  not  exhibit  any 
orange  hue. 

(Digest  in  acetic  acid :  add  sulphuret  of  ammonia, 
which  will  produce  a  dark  coloured  precipitate. 
It  should  be  totally  volatilized  by  heat. 

j.    ,  j      ,  J  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  sulphuret  of  am 

e       ea    1      monia — a  black  precipitate  will  be  produced. 

r          -nj     i  J  Throw  a  suspected  portion  on  hot  coals 

ivory  mac/c <       siduum  will  detect  the  fraud. 


False    Ai\<jii8tura     some- 
times sold  f>r  it. 

Common  Resin 

Meinchineel  Gum 


Corrosive  Sublimate,  and 
Subnitrate  of  Bismuth. 


-the  re- 


Manna. 


IfORPHIA  ET  EJUS 

Morphia      and      its 

Salts. 


Musk, 


Olea  Destillata. 

Esttntial  Oils. 


Oleum  Ricini. 
Castor  Oil. 


Plumbago,  Charcoal,  and 
Oxide  of  Manganese. 

Bryony  Root,  spurious  or 
false  Jalap  Root,  and 
Liquorice  Root. 

Lime 

Sulphuret  of  Lime 

Chalk 

Gypsum 

A  fictitious  article,  con- 
sisting of  honey  or 
sugar,  mixed  with  scam- 
MOny,  is  sometimes  sold 
for  'it. 


Dried  Blood. 


Atphaltum 

Fine  particles  of  Ijcad 
Fixed  Oils 


Alcohol 


or  Almond  or  Pop- 
py  Oil. 


The  tests  of  its  purity  are  —  that  it  is  perfectly 
soluble  in  ether.  Heated  on  apiece  of  glass  or 
porcelain,  it  sublimes  without  residuum. 
Bryony  root  is  of  a  paler  colour,  and  less  compact 
texture,  and  does  not  easil}-  burn  at  the  flame 
of  a  candle.    Liquorice  is  detected  by  the  taste. 

|  Detected  by  the  solution  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid) 

{      affording  a  precipitate  with  oxalate  of  ammonia. 

f  Gives  off  when   moistened,  the  smell  of  sulphu- 

{      retted  hydrogen. 

{Detected  by  adding  dilute  sulphuric  acid  to  the 
suspected  substance,  when,  it' chalk  lie  present, 
there  will  be  a  white  insoluble  precipitate. 
J  Boil  in  distilled  water,  and  test  the  solution  by  a 
{      barytic  and  oxalic  reagent. 


j  The  colour,  weight,  transparency  and  taste  detect 
it. 


Morphia  and  its  salts,  when  placed  in  contact 
with  nitric  acid,  are  coloured  red;  with  per- 
Balts  of  iron,  blue.  They  are  perfectly  soluble 
in  warm  alcohol,  and  acidulated  warm  water. 
When  morphia  is  mixed  with  nareotina,  the 
adulteration  is  ascertained  by  mixing  them  with 
sulphuric  ether,  which  dissolves  the  nareotina, 
without  sensibly  affecting  the  morphia. 

The  bag  must  not  appear  to  have  been  opened. 

This  may  be  suspected,  if  it  emits  a  fetid  smoke 
«  ben  inflamed. 

Discovered  by  its  melting  and  running,  before  it 
inflames. 

Rub  with  water.  The  metaUioparticlefl  will  subside. 

Touch  writing  paper  with  it,  and  hold  it  before 
the  fire  :  fixed  oil  leaves  a  stain  of  gre 

Add  water.  A  milkiness  and  increase  of  tempe- 
rature occurs. 

Aloohol  B.  <i.  -820  will  mix  with  any  proportion 
Of  Castor  oil,  whilst  it  dissolves  very  little  of 
the  others. 


FALTRANCK 


374 


FARADISATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


Opium. 


POTASSII   IODIDUM. 

Iodide  of  Potassium 


Quinle  Sulphas. 
Sulphate  of  Quinia. 

Strychnine  et  ejus 

Sales. 
Strychnia     and     its 

Salts. 

ZlNCI    OXYDUM. 
Flowers  of  Zinc. 


Extract  of  Liquorice, 
Bullets  and  Stones 
sometimes  in  it ;  Ex- 
tract of  Poppy,  of  Che-  j 
lidonium  ma  jus;  G. 
Arabic,  G.  Tragdcanth, 
Linseed  Oil,  Cow's 
Dung. 

Chlorides  of  Potassium 
and  Sodium,  Nitrate  of 
Potassa. 


Jfa  n  n  ite . 


Brucia. 


Chalk 

White  Lead 


The  best  opium  is  covered  -with  leaves  and  the 
reddish  capsules  of  a  species  of  Rumex.  The 
inferior  kinds  have  capsules  adherent.  It  is  bad 
when  soft  and  friable,  when  intensely  black  or 
mixed  with  many  impurities,  and  when  sweet.; 
The  quantity  of  morphia  affords  the  best  test,  i 

The  adulteration  is  ascertained  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  the  salt  with  nitrate  of  silver,  and 
treating  the  precipitate  with  ammonia,  which: 
dissolves  the  chloride  of  silver,  without  acting  j 
upon  the  iodide  of  this  metal. 

Leaves  no  residue  when  submitted  to  calcination: 
is  perfectly  soluble  in  warm  alcohol,  and  in 
water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid. 

They  are  free  from  brucia  when  no  colour  is  pro- 
duced by  contact  with  nitric  acid. 

Sulphuric  acid  excites  an  effervescence. 
Sulphuric  acid  forms  an  insoluble  sulphate  of  lead. 


FALTRAXCK,  Falltranck. 

FALX.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
several  membranous  reflections  having  the  shape 
of  a  falx  or  scythe. 

Falx  Cerebel'li,  Falx  minor,  Septum  Cere- 
bel'li  seu  parvwn  occipita'le,  Proces'sus  falcifor'- 
mis  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Fatix  du  cervelet,  Septum  me- 
dian du  cervelet,  (Ch.),  is  a  triangular  process  of 
the  dura  mater  opposite  the  internal  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. Its  base  is  attached  to  the  middle  of 
the  tentorium,  and  its  top  or  apex  bifurcates,  to 
proceed  to  the  sides  of  the  foramen  magnum.  Its 
convex  surface  is  towards  the  cranium,  and  its 
concave  in  the  fissure  or  groove,  which  separates 
the  two  lobes  of  the  cerebellum. 

Falx  Cer'ebri,  F.  major,  Ver'tical  supe'rior 
longitu'dinal  proc'ess,  Jlediasti'num  cerebri,  Sep- 
tum Cerebri,  (F.)  Faux  du  cerveau,  Repli  longi- 
tudinal de  la  meninge,  (Ch.),  Proces'sus  falcifor- 
mis  dura  matris.  The  greatest  process  of  the 
dura  mater.  It  extends  from  the  fore  to  the  hind 
part  of  the  skull,  on  the  median  line  ;  is  broad 
behind  and  narrow  before,  and  is  lodged  in  the 
groove  which  separates  the  hemispheres  from 
each  other — the  interlobular  fissure.  At  its  supe- 
rior part  is  situated  the  longitudinal  sinus  (supe- 
rior,) and  at  its  lower,  corresponding  to  the  edge 
of  the  scythe,  the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus.  Its 
anterior  extremity  is  attached  to  the  crista  galli; 
its  posterior  is  continuous  with  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  and  contains  the  straight  sinus. 

Falx  Major,  Falx  cerebri  —  f.  Minor,  Falx 
cerebelli. 

Falx  of  the  Peritone'cm,  Great,  F. peritonei 
max'ima,  (F.)  Grande  faux  du  peritoine.  Faux  de 
la  Veine  Ombilicale,  Falx  of  the  umbilical  vein, 
is  a  reflection  of  the  peritoneum,  which  ascends 
from  the  umbilicus  to  the  anterior  and  inferior 
surface  of  the  liver. 

Falces  of  the  Peritone'um,  Lesser,  Falces 
Peritone'i  min'imce,  (F.)  Petitesfaux  du  peritoine, 
are  the  lateral  ligaments  of  the  liver  and  the  re- 
flections which  the  peritoneum  forms,  raised  up 
by  the  umbilical  arteries. 

Falx  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  Peritoneum. 

FAME,  Lancet. 

FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS,  from  fames,  ' hunger.' 
Fever  accompanied  with  insatiable  hunger.  — 
Sylvius. 

FAMELICUS,  Hungry. 


FAMES,  Hunger  —  f.  Bovina,  Boulimia  —  f. 
Canina,  Boulimia. 

Fames  Lupi'na,  Lycorex'is,  (F.)  Faim  de  Loup. 
Authors  have  described,  under  this  name,  a  kind 
of  boulimia,  or  depravation  of  the  digestive  func- 
tion, in  which  the  patient  eats  voraciously,  and 
passes  his  food,  almost  immediately  afterwards, 
per  anum. 

FAMEX.  Contusio. 

FAMIGERATIS'SLMUM  EMPLAS'TRUM, 
from/omo,  '  fame,'  and  gero,  1 1  wear.'  A  plaster, 
extolled  in  ague,  and  made  of  aromatic,  irritating 
substances.     It  was  applied  to  the  wrist. 

FAMILIARICA  SELLA,  Close  stool. 

FAMILY  DISEASES,  see  Hereditary. 

FAMIS,  Contusio. 

FAMIX.  Contusio. 

FAXCULUM,  Anethum. 

FAXCY  MARK,  Xtevus. 

FAXFECKLES,  Ephelides. 

FAXG,  Radix. 

FAX  OX  (F.)  from  (G.)  Fahne,  'a  banner,' 
'ensign,'  'standard.'  Fer'ula,  Lec'tulus  stra- 
min'eus,  Thor'ulus  stramin'eus.  A  splint  of  a 
particular  shape,  employed  in  fractures  of  the 
thigh  and  leg  to  keep  the  bones  in  contact. 

The  Fanons  were  divided  into  true  and  false. 

The  true  consists  of  a  cylinder  of  straw,  strongly 
surrounded  with  a  cord  or  riband,  in  the  centre 
of  which  a  stick  is  usually  placed  to  ensure  its 
solidity.  The  false  consists  of  a  thick  piece  of 
linen,  made  flat  like  a  compress,  and  folded  at 
the  extremities.  It  was  placed  between  the  frac- 
tured limb  and  the  true  f anon.  The  Drap-fanon 
is  a  large  piece  of  common  cloth  placed  between 
the  fractured  limb,  in  which  the  fanon  or  lateral 
splints  are  rolled. 

FAXTICKLES,  Ephelides. 

FAXTOM,  Phantom,  Phanto'ma,  from  Qavraana, 
'a  spectre.'  (F.)  Phantome,  Fantome.  This  word 
has  two  acceptations.  It  means  the  spectres  and 
images  which  the  imagination  presents  to  the 
sick,  when  asleep  or  awake;  and,  also,  the  figure 
called,  also,  Man'nikin,  Jfan'ikin,  and  Jfan'akin, 
(F.)3Iannequin,  on  which  surgeons  practice  the  ap- 
plication of  bandages,  or  the  accoucheur  the  man- 
ual part  of  midwifery, — Phanto'ma  obstetric" ium. 

Fantom  or  Phantom  Tumour  is  one  that  forms, 
in  the  abdomen  for  example,  simulating  organic 
disease,  and  occasionally  exceedingly  deceptive. 

FARADISA'TIOX,  Far'adism;  from  Faraday, 
the  celebrated  physicist.     A  term  proposed  by 


F  A  R  C  I M  E  X 


3 


FASCIA 


Duehenne,  of  Boulogne,  for  electricity  by  induc- 
tion. 

F  \U'1MFX,  Pee  Equinix. 
FARCIMINALIS    MEMBRANA    sec    TU- 
NICA, Allantois. 

FA/:  linia. 

PAR(  [NOMA,  Equinia. 

FAR<   !'i  'B  \.  Fartfuraj  from fareire,faretum, 
'  to  snub'    The  operation  of  introdneing  medicinal 
substances   into  the   cavities   of  animate   or  of 
.  which  have  been  previously  emptied. 
F  \:;'   I  :  3,  Bmphraxis. 
FARCY  GLANDERS,  Bee  Equinia. 
FARD,  Paint 
FARDEAU,  Mole, 

PA  RFAR  V.  Toesilago — f.  Bechium,  Tussilago. 
FAR1QOULE,  Thymus. 

;  NA,  AVphiUm,  On'mnon,  Al'eton,  Aleu'- 
rni),  A'> 'ma.  from  far,  "corn/  or  grain  of  any 
kind,  of  which  it  is  made.  Meal  or  flour.  The 
powder,  obtained  by  grinding  the  seeds  of  the 
gramineous,  leguminous,  and  cucurbitaceous 
plants  in  particular.  It  is  highly  nutritious  and 
much  used,  dietetioaUy  as  well  as  medicinally. 
In  the  pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh, 
and  Dublin,  Fari'na  means  wheat  flour — Farina 
Tritici. 

limen'tary  Fari'na,  or  Homoeopath' ie 
Farina'eeou*  Food,  is  said  to  consist  principally 
of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked,  and  sweetened 
with  Bugar,  together  with  potato  flour  and  a  very 
gmall  quantity  of  Indian  corn  meal  and  tapioca. 
•  \  A\tY<;i>\i.vr.rM.  Bee  Amygdala. 
F.Aitiw.    i  "mimi  v[)i;i',    BA8TBR'S,    is    said    to 

of  wheat  flour,  sweetened  with  sugar. 
FARINA,    NUTRITIOUS,    M  woman's,  is    said    to 
consist  of  potato  flour,  artificially  coloured  of  a 
pink  or  rosy  hue,  the  colouring  matter  being  pro- 
bably rose  pink. 

Parina  Timt'ici,  wheaten  flour;    F.   Seca'lie, 
Rye  flour  or  meal:  F.  Hor'dei,  Barley  meal;  F. 
1  it  meal,  etc.     See  Amylum. 

\  f.nt'ks,  (F.)  Farinet  Besolu- 
This  name  was  formerly  given  to  a  mix- 
ture of  the  farina  of  four  different  plants;    the 
lupine,   Lupinue   a/bus,  the  Ervum    Ervilia,  the 
ihn,  and  the  Farley,  Hordeum  dietiehum. 

They  were  r< mmended  to  form  cataplasms. 

F  IRINA'CEOUS,  Farina'eeua,  Farino'eue,(B.)  \ 

•ineux,  Mealy.    Having  the  appear 

■Bee  or  nature  of  farina.     A   term   given  to  all 

9  of  food  which  contain  farina.     The  term 

cea  includes  all  those  substances,   called 

-.  legumina,  Ac,  which  contain  farina,  and 

are  employed  as  nutriment. 

Hard's  farinaceous  f<><,<l    is  fine  wheat  flour, 
which  has  heen  subjected  to  some  heating  pro- 
Braden'a  farinaceous  food  is   said  to  be 
wheat  flour,  baked. 

In  Pathology,  the  epithet  farinaceous,  (F.)  fa- 
.  is   applied   to  certain   eruptions,  in  which 
the  epidermis  exfoliates  in  small  particles  similar 
to  farina. 

Farinaceous    Font),   Bradrk's,   see  Farina- 

f.  Food.  Hard's,  see  Farinaceous — f.  Food, 
homoeopathic,  sec  Farinaceous. 

PARINACB  i'i.imuk's,  is   said  to  con- 

rineipally  of  bean  or  pea  (lour,  mi 
bably  the  former,  with  a  little  Taooa  arrowroot, 
•    flour,   and    a    very    little    Maranta 
arrowroot. 

!'  ton,  Pamoa  Arthur's,  for  in- 
iid  to  consist 
ly  of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked. 
,  PARIN  \i:il'M.  A 

FARINES  RESOLUTIVES,  Farina  resol- 

-. 

/■  |/-/ v/.T.V.  Farinaceous. 
I'M:  irinaceous. 


FARMERY,  Hospital. 

PARNTICKLES,  Ephelides. 

PARRIER,  Bippiater. 

F  tRSIGD  I 'EDN  BSS,  Presbytia. 

F  LRT,  Sax.  Fai»*,  from  Teutfahren,  'to  go:' 
— fart,  'a  voyage.'  ((F)  Purs.  1'><I> litis,  Bdolus, 
Bdelyg'mia,  Bdelyg'mus,  Bom  bus,  Trulla,  Porda, 
.  /'/t_i/s<~,  Flatus,  Crep'itus,  C  ventris,  1  , 
i  sonorous  or  other  discharge  of  wind 
from  behind.  A  low  word,  but  of  res] 
parents 

PARTURA,  Faretura. 

F  \i;ti  S,  Bmphraxie. 

FASCIA,  from  ft*,!'*,  'a  bundle.'  Liga'tio, 
Ligatu'ra,  Alligatn'ra,  Anades'mus,  Vin'cula, 
's'/""''.'/""""'  Epides'mos,  Vinctu'ra.  A  bandage, 
fillet,  roller,  ligature.  The  aponeurotic  expan- 
sions of  muscles,  which  hind  parts  togethi 
likewise,  termed  Fasciae.      See  Tenia. 

FA8<  iv    APORBUROTICA   FrMORIS,    Fascia    lata 
aponeurosis  —  f.  Capitalis,   Bonnet  d*Hip\ 
Capelina  —  f.   Capitis,  Diadema —  f.  Cooperi,  F. 
Transversal  is. 

Fascia,  Crib'riforw,  F.  Oribrifor'mis.  The 
sieve-like  portion  of  the  fascia  lata;  so  called 
from  its  being  pieroed  by  numerous  openings  for 
the  passage  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

Fascia  Dexta'ta,  F.  D.  Tari'ni,  Corp*  r/o- 
droiine  of  Vicq  d'Azyr.  A  band  of  gray  matter 
seen  beneath  the  tajnia  hippocampi  on  raising  it 
up,  which  runs  along  the  inner  border  of  the 
cornu  ammonia.  It  is,  as  it  were,  crenated  by 
transverse  furrows. 

Fascia  Digitalis,  Oantelet — f.  Diophthalmica, 
Binoculus  —  f.  Dividens,  Dividing  bandage  —  f. 
Heliodori,  T  band 

Fascia  Ii.i'aca,  Tl'iac  aponeurosis.  An  apo- 
neurosis which  proceeds  from  the  tendon  of  the 
psoas  minor,  or  which  arises  from  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  psoas  magnus,  when  the  former 
muscle  does  not  exist.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  inner  edge  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium,  below, 
and  anteriorly  —  on  one  side,  to  the  crural  arch, 
sending  an  expansion  to  the  fascia  transversalis  ; 
and  on  the  other,  continuous  with  the  deep- 
seated  lamina  of  the  fascia  lata,  which  forms  the 
posterior  paries  of  the  crural  canal.  Within  and 
behind,  the  fascia  iliaca  is  attached  to  the  brim 
of  the  pelvis,  and  is  continuous  with  the  aponeu- 
rosis, which  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  called  Pelvian. 
The  iliac  aponeurosis  covers  the  iliac  and  psoas 
muscles,  which  it  separates  from  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Inpundeb'uliforvis,  a  funnel-shaped 
offset  from  the  fascia  transversalis,  which  is  pro- 
longed as  a  sheath  upon  the  vas  deferens  and 
spermatic  vessels  as  they  pass  out  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

Fascia  Ingcinalis,  Spica. 

Fascia  Lata.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  an  aponeurosis,  and  to  a  muscle. 

Fascia  Lata  Aponeurosis,  F.  aponeurot'ica 
fem'oria,  Vagi'na  fem'oris,  Crural  \>v  I- 
Aponeuroaia,  Is  the  most  extensive  in  the  body, 
and  envelopes  all  the  muscles  of  the  thigh. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  ilia  • 
it  arises  from  the  crural  arch  by  two  dis- 
tinct laminae,  separated  by  the  femora! 
and  becoming  confounded  a  little  below  the  part 
where  the  great  vina  BaphSBUS  0p<  us  into  the 
crural  vein.  Of  these  two  lamina',  the  one  is 
more  anterior  and  thicker  than  the  other,  and 
may  be  considered  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique.  ft  is  inti- 
mately united  to  Foupart's  ligament.  The  other, 
which  is  thinner,  is  behind,  and  deeper  seated, 
and,  after  it-  union  with  the  former,  proceeds  to 
be  inserted  into  the  pubis.  Tnferiorly,  the  fascia 
lata  becomes  confounded  with  the  tendon  of  the 
triceps,  and  is  attached  to  the  external  tuberosity 


FASCIAE 


8  7  G 


FAT 


of  the  tibia.  The  use  of  the  fascia  lata,  like  that 
of  other  aponeuroses,  is  to  strengthen  the  action 
of  the  muscles,  &o. 

Fascia  Lata  Muscle,  Tensor  vagi' nee  fem'o- 
ris,  Fascia'lis,Jfembrano'sus,  Jfus'culus  aponeuro'  - 
sis  seu  fascia  lata  seu  fem'oris  membrano'sus, 
(F.)  Ilio-aponevrosi-femoral,Ilio-aponevroti-femo- 
ral — (Ch.),  Tenseur  de  Vaponevrose  femorale.  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  and  outer  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  arises,  above,  from  the  outer  part 
of  the  anterior  and  superior  spine  of  the  ilium; 
and  is  inserted,  below,  between  the  two  laminae 
of  the  fascia  lata,  which  it  stretches  and  raises 
when  it  contracts. 

Fascia,  Obturator,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — 
f.  Pelvic,  Internal,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses  —  f. 
Pelvic,  Lateral,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — f.  Pel- 
vic, Superior,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses. 

Fascia  Pro'pria.  A  layer  of  areolar  tissue 
derived  from  the  sheath  of  the  femoral  vessels, — 
or  according  to  some  from  the  cribriform  fascia. 
It  is  one  of  the  coverings  of  femoral  hernia,  and 
is  generally  pretty  dense  about  the  neck  of  the 
hernia;  but  thin  or  even  wanting  on  its  fundus. 

Fascia  Repens,  Spica  —  f.  Scapularis,  Scapu- 
lary — f.  Sculteti,  Bandage  of  separate  strips  —  f. 
Semicircularis,  Taenia  semicircularis — f.  Spiralis, 
Ascia  —  f.  Stellata,  Stella  —  f.  Submuscular,  see 
Vaginal,  (of  the  eye.) 

Fascia,  Subperitoneal,  Subperitone'al  apo- 
neurosis. A  thin  tendinous  layer  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Superficia'lis,  Superficial  aponeuro' - 
818  of  the  abdomen  and  thigh,  (F.)  Aponevrose  su- 
perficielle  de  I'abdomen  et  de  la  cuisse.  A  very 
thin  aponeurosis,  which  covers  the  muscles  and 
aponeuroses  of  the  abdomen  ;  passes  before  the 
crural  arch,  to  which  it  adheres  with  some  degree 
of  force  ;  sends  a  membranous  sheath,  which  sur- 
rounds the  spermatic  cord;  and  is  continuous 
with  the  dartos,  which  it  assists  in  forming.  The 
fascia  superficialis  presents,  beneath  the  crural 
arch,  very  distinct  fibres,  whose  direction  is  pa- 
rallel to  the  fold  of  the  thigh.  It  is  applied  over 
the  fascia  lata  aponeurosis,  and  is  attached,  inter- 
nally, to  the  ascending  ramus  of  the  ischium,  near 
the  root  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  Before  the 
descent  of  the  testicle  from  the  abdomen,  the 
fascia  superficialis  is  very  manifestly  continuous 
with  the  Gubernacidnm  testis. 

Fascia  Tformis,  T.  bandage — f.  Tortilis,  Tour- 
niquet. 

Fascia  Transversa'lis,  F.  Coop'eri.  An  apo- 
neurosis, which  separates  the  transversalis  mus- 
cle from  the  peritoneum  in  the  inguinal  region. 
It  arises  above  the  posterior  edge  of  the  crural 
arch,  where  it  seems  to  be  continuous  with  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique  muscle.  Above, 
it  is  lost  in  the  areolar  tissue  at  the  internal  sur- 
face of  the  transversalis  abdominis.  Within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  outer  edge  of  the  tendon  of 
the  rectus  muscle  and  Gimbernat's  ligament;  be- 
low, it  is  continuous  with  the  aponeurosis  of  the 
greater  oblique,  and  receives  an  expansion  from 
the  Fascia  lliaca.  Towards  its  middle  and  a  little 
above  the  crural  arch,  the  fascia  transversalis  has 
the  wide  orifice  of  a  canal,  which  is  occupied,  in 
the  female,  by  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus; 
and,  in  man,  furnishes  an  expansion,  that  serves 
as  a  sheath  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

FASCIA,  Swathing  clothes— f.  Coli,  see  Colon 
— f.  Ligamentosse  Coli,  see  Colon. 

FASCIALIS,  Fascia  lata  muscle,  Sartorius — f. 
Longus,  Sartorius — f.  Sutorius,  Sartorius. 

FASCIARUxM  APPLICATIO,  Deligation. 

FASCIATIO,  Deligation,  see  Bandage— f.  Cu- 
cullata,  Couvrechef. 

FASCICULI  CORTICALES,  Ferrein,  pyra- 
mids of — f.  Graciles,  see  Corpora  restiformia. 


Fascic'uli  Innomina'ti.  Two  large  bundles 
of  fibres  in  the  interior  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
behind  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  more  or  less 
apparent  between  those  bodies  and  the  corpora 
res  ti  form  ia.  They  ascend,  and  become  apparent 
in  the  fourth  ventricle,  under  the  name  Fascic'uli 
seu  Proces'sus  ter'etes. 

Fasciculi,  Median  Posterior,  of  the  Me- 
dulla Oblongata,  Funiculi  graciles  —  f.  Muscu- 
lorum, see  Muscular  fibre  —  f.  Pyrauiidales,  Fer- 
rein, Pyramids  of — f.  Teretes,  Processus  teretes, 
see  Fasciculi  innominati  —  f.  Teretes  cordis,  Co- 
lumnar carneae. 

FASCICULUS,  Phacel'lus,  Pha'celus,  Fas- 
cicle, diminutive  of fascis,  'a  bundle;'  JJcsme'- 
dion,  'a  small  bundle.'  In  Anatomy,  it  is  em- 
ployed in  this  sense;  as  "  a  fasciculus  of  fibres." 
(F.)  Fascicule,  Faisceau  ou  Petit  Faisceau,  Trous- 
seau. In  Pharmacy,  it  means  manip'xdus,  Chei- 
ropAe'thes,  ^etpoTrXn^ns,  '  a  handful.'  Musa  Lras- 
savolus  says, — as  much  as  can  be  held  in  two 
fingers. 

Fasciculus  Cuneatus,  Reinforcement,  fascicu- 
lus of — f.  of  Reinforcement,  Reinforcement,  F.  of. 

Fascic'ulus  Uscina'tus.  A  white  bundle, 
seen  on  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres, passing  across  the  bottom  of  the  fissure 
of  Sylvius,  and  connecting  the  anterior  with  the 
middle  and  posterior  lobes.  The  fibres  of  this 
fasciculus  expand  at  each  extremity,  and  the  su- 
perficial portions  of  them  curve  or  hook  sharply 
between  the  contiguous  parts  of  the  anterior  and 
middle  lobes,  whence  the  epithet  'uncinatus.' 

FASCINOSUS,  Membrosus. 

FASCLNUM,  Penis. 

FASCIOLA,  Bandelette—f.  Cinerea,  Tubercu- 
lum  cinereum  —  f.  Ilepatica,  Distoma  hepaticum 
— f.  Humana,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Lanceolata, 
Distoma  hepaticum. 

FASELUS,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

FASEOLE,  Phaseolus. 

FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from  fatis  tadixtm. 
Fastidiousness,  Squeamishness,  or  the  condition 
of  a  stomach  that  is  really  affected  with  nausea. 

Fastidium  Cibi,  Asitia,  Disgust  —  f.  Potus, 
Loathing  of  drink. 

FASTIGIUM,  Acme. 

FASTING,  from  Sax.  paSf  can,  Lima' sis  expert 
protrac'ta,  Anorex'ia  mirab'i/is,  Ine'dia,  Jeju'- 
nium.  Loss  or  want  of  appetite,  without  any 
other  apparent  affection  of  the  stomach;  so  that 
the  system  can  sustain  almost  total  abstinence 
for  a  long  time  without  faintness.  Some  won- 
derful cases  of  this  kind  are  on  record.  See  Ab- 
stinence. 

FAT,  Pingue'do,  Pim'ele,  Piar,  Piei'ron,  Li- 
p>os,  Stear,  Adeps,  Sevicm,  Sebum,  Corpus  adipo'- 
sum,  Axun'gia,  Fat,  (F.)  Graisse :  from  (G.) 
Fett,  (Sax.)  pat.  A  soft,  white,  animal  sub- 
stance; inodorous;  insipid;  oily;  inflammable, 
easy  to  melt;  spoiling  in  the  air,  and  becoming 
rancid  by  union  with  oxygen  :  almost  insoluble 
in  alcohol;  insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  fixed 
oils.  Fat  is  formed  of  the  immediate  principles, 
stearin,  rnargarin,  and  olein  or  elain,  all  of  which 
are  regarded  as  salts  composed  of  stearic,  mar- 
garic  and  oleic  acids,  and  a  common  base,  to 
which,  from  its  sweetish  taste,  the  name  Glyc"erin 
Glyceri'na,  Glyceri'num,  (F.)  Glycerine  has  been 
given.  To  these  are,  almost  always,  joined  an 
odorous  and  a  colouring  principle.  Glycerin.  Gly- 
ceri'na, has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S.  (1851),  in  which 
it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Lead 
plaster,  recently  prepared  and  yet  fluid;  boiling 
water,  of  each  a  gallon;  mix:  stir  briskl}7  for  15 
minutes;  allow  it  to  cool  and  pour  off  the  liquid. 
Evaporate  until  it  has  the  s.  g.  1.15,  and  pass 
i  slowly  through  it  a  current  of  sulpho-hydric  acid 


FAT IG  ATIO 


:: 


FEBRIS 


until  a  black   precipitate  is   no  longer   thrown 

down.     Filter  and  boil  until   the   Bulpho-hydric 

acid  is  driven  off,  and  evaporate  the  liquid  until 

ight     Glycerin  is  a  colourless 

r-coloured  syrupy  fluid;  b.  g.  L.25.     It  is 

soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  bat  aot  in  ether. 

It  is  used  in  the  form  of  lotion,  composed  of  half 

an  ounce  t  i  ten  Buldounces  of  water,  in  cutaneous 

siSj  pityriasis, lepra  and  ichthy- 

forms  a  kind  of  varnish,  and  might  be 

-  of  burns. 

found  in  a  number  of  animal  tissues,  and 

abundant  in   the  neighborhood   of  the 

kidneys  and  in  the  epiploon.     It  is  generally  fluid 

in  the  cetaoea;  soft,  and  of  a  strong  smell  in  the 

camivora;  Bolid,  and  inodorous  in  the  rmninat- 

imal;  white,  and  abundant  in  young  ani- 

ind  yellowish  in  old.     It  generally  forms 

about  a  twentieth  part  of  the  weight  of  the  human 

body.      The   fat,   considered  physiologically,  has, 

for  it--  function,  to  protect  the  organs;  maintain 

their  temperature;   and   to  serve  fur  nutrition   in 

rved  in  torpid  animals. 

Fat,  Corpulent — f.  Cells,  Fatty  vesicles. 

.  MACKAW,  see  Coeos  butyracea. 
FA  11'.  LTIO,  Oopos. 
HGUE,  Copos. 

a",  Adipa'tus,  Pimel'icus,  Pi- 

Liparo'dee,  Lip\arus,  Sax.  pae~ ;   past 

participle  of  peoan,  to  feed,  Ad'ipom,  Pinguid, 

Vinous.     Relating  to  fat.     Resembling  or 

containing  fat.     The  cellular  membrane  has  been 

called fatty  or  adipous ;  from  an  opinion  that,  in 

the    fat    is    deposited.     The    areolar 

membrane,  however,  merely  lodges,  between  its 

I   tilaments,  the  vesicles  in  which  the 

fat  i<  contained. 

Fattv  Lhj'amknt,  Ad'ipom  ligament.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  a  reflection  of  the  syno- 
vial membrane  of  the  knee  joint,  which  passes 
from  the  ligamentum  patellsa  towards  the  cavity 

-  the  condyles  of  the  femur. 
Fatty    MlMBRAHB,    Ad'ipom    membrane,  Adi- 

pous  tixxur.     The  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  or 
that  containing  the  fatty  or  adipous  vesicles. 

Fattv    Vbs'iclbs,   Sae'culi  adipo'ei,  Ad'ipom 

I  .  Fat  cell*.     This  name  is  given  to  small 

bursal  or  membranous  vesicles  which  enclose  the 

fat,  and  are  found  situate  in  the  areola?  of  the 

areolar    tissue.      These   vesicles    vary    much    in 

size.     Generally,  they  are    round  and  globular: 

and.  in  certain  subjects,  receive  vessels  which  are 

v   ry  apparent.      They  form  so   many   small   sacs 

Without  apertures,   in    the  interior   of  which   are 

its  arranged  like  septa.     In  fattv  Bubje  its, 

the  adipous  vesicles  are  very  perceptible,  being 

1   to   the   areolar  tissue  and  neighbouring 

-■  a  rascnlar  pedicle.     Raspai]  ailirms  that 

there  is  the  most  striking  analogy  between  the 

of  the  adipose  granules  and  that    of  the 

grains. 

F  u  i  ^    \'i  8SBLS,  Ad'ipom  vessels.     The  \ 

bed  with  the  fat.     Some  anatomists  have 

called  Adipom  canals,  (F.)  Conduits  adipeur,  the 

-  to  which  they  attribute  the  SeoretiOD  of  fat. 

BBTBRATTOM  op  Till:    LlYBB,  Adiposis 

■i    -f.  Liver,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

FA  TUISME,  Patuitas. 

I'  \  I'l'TTAS.  Moro'eie,  8tuUit"ia,  Stupor  mem- 
tiit.  Amen' Ha  ;  (F.)  Fatuitmi,  Fatuitt,  from  fntum, 
'foolish.'      .Mental    imbecility.      [diotism.     De- 
mentia.    One  affected  with  fatuity  is  said  to  be 
-■,  (8c.)  Dawpit. 
FATUITA8  ALFICOLARUM,  Cretinism  — f. 

inus,  Cretinism. 
FATUOUS,  see  Fatuity. 
T  LUCES,  Isthmus,  Pharynx,  Throat. 
PAUOETTB  VOICE,  —'Voice. 
FAUNO'RUM   LUDIB'RIA.     The  sjwrts  of 


the  Fanni.  Some  authors  have  called  thus  the 
incubus  :   others,  epilepsy. 

FA1  QUIEB  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  Mine- 
ral Waters  of. 

FAUSSE,  False — /.  Conception,  Conception, 
false. 

FAUSSE  COUCIIE  (F.),  Vanum pmrtu'rium. 

Some  authors  have  used   this   term  for  the  expul- 
sion of  different  bodies  constituting  false 
tions;    BUOh    as    moles,   hydatids,    clots    of  blood, 
Ac.     Most   accoucheurs    use    the    term    synony- 
mously with  abortion. 

FAUSSE  a  Ross  ESSE,  Pregnancy,  false— 

/".    Membrane,     Membrane,     false — /.    Pit 
Pleurisy,    false — f.    Pneumonic,    Peripneumonia 
notha. 

FAUSSE  POSITION  (F.),  Fa 
The  French  use  this  term,  in  vulgar  language,  to 
indicate  any  attitude  in  which  torpor,  tingling, 
and  loss  of  power  over  the  motion  of  a  part,  are 
produced  by  too  strong  contraction  or  painful 
compression. 

FMSSERHABARIiE,  Thalictron- /.  Route, 
False  passage—/.  Variole,  Varicella. 

FAUSTI'NI    PASTIL'LI,    Famtinus's  Lo- 
zenges.    These  were  once  celebrated.     They  wero 
composed  of  burnt  paper,  quicklime,  oxide  of  ar- 
tandarach,  lentils,  &c. 

FAUX,  False — /.  ilu  Cerveau,  Falx  cerebri  — 
/*.  iln  Cervelet,  Falx  cerebelli — -/.  Oerme,  Concep- 
tion, false  —  f.  Grande  du  peritoiue,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  peritoneum — /.  Petite  du  pSritoine,  Falx, 
lesser,  of  the  peritoneum — f.  dc  la  Veine  ombili- 
cale,  Falx,  great,  of  the  peritoneum. 

FA  VEUX,  Favosus. 

FAVIFORMIS,"  Favosus. 

FAVO'SUS.  Similar  to  a  honeycomb.  Favi- 
form'ie,  Parous,  from  favus,  cerion,  'a  honey- 
comb.' (F.)  Favettx.  An  epithet  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  porrigo.  Cerion,  Kerion,  Far  us;  means 
also  a  state  of  ulceration,  resembling  a  honey- 
comb. 

FA'VULUS ;  diminutive  of  favus,  'a  honey- 
comb.' Favuli  is  used  by  Dr.  Morton,  of  Phila- 
delphia, for  the  honeycomb-like  depressions  in  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  —  the  stomach' 
cells  of  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman. 

FAVUS,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  favosa,  see  Favosus 
—  f.  Confertus,  Porrigo  scutulata — f.   Dispersus, 
Porrigo  lupinosa — f.  Disseminf,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
.  — f.  en  Croupes,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

FAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 

FE  IBERRY,  Ribes  uva  crispa. 

FK  AT!  IKK  FEW,  Matricaria. 

FEBRIC'ITANS,  Feb'riens,  Emp'yros,  (F.) 
Fibrieitant.  One  attacked  with  fever;  from  fe- 
brieitare,  '  to  have  a  fever.' 

FEBRICITATIO,  Feverishness. 

FF15RIC0SUS,  Feverish. 

FEBRIC'ULA,  Fe'ccret,  (F.)  Fibricule.  Di- 
minutive of  febrie,  '  fever.'  A  term  employed  to 
express  a  slight  degree  of  fever.     Ephemeral 

PEBRICULOSITT,  Feverishness. 

FEBRIENS,  Febricitans,  Feverish. 

FEBRIFACIENT,  Bee  Feverish. 

FEBEIF'EROUS,  Feb'rifer,  from  febrie,  'fe- 
ver,' and  /-  ro,  "I  carry.'  Fe\  er-bcaring,  as  a 
febriferons  locality, 

FEBRIFIC,  see  Feverish. 

FEB'B  I II  r<  I  B,  L<  xipyretficm,  Lexipyr'etus, 
Pyret'icus,  Alezipyret'iem,  Antifebri'lis,  ' 
ret'ie,  Febrifugm,  from  febrie,  'a  fever,'  and 
fugare,  'to  drive  away.'  A  medicine  which  pos- 
the  properly  of  abating  or  driving  away 
fever. 

BRIFUGUM  LIGNUM,  Quassia, 
FE'BRILE,  Febri'lie,  Pyret'icus.     Relating  to 
fever,  as  febrile  movement,  febrile  pulse,  Ac. 

FEBRISj   Fever  —  f.  Acmastica,  Synocha  —  f. 


FEBRIS 


378 


FEBRIS 


Acuta,  Synocha — f.  Acuta  continua,  Synocha — f. 
Adeno-ineningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal — f. 
Adeno-nervosa,  Plague — f.  Africana,  Fever,  Afri- 
can— f.  Agrypnodes,  see  Agrypnodes  and  Agryp- 
nos — f.  Alba,  Chlorosis — f.  Algida,  see  Algidus — 
f.  Amatoria,  Chlorosis,  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Ame- 
ricana, Fever,  yellow — f.  Ainphemera,  Quotidian 

—  f.  Amphimerina  hectica,  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Am- 
phimeriua  latica,  Latica  (febris)  —  f.  Ampullosa, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Anabatica,  Continued  fever  —  f. 
Angiotenica,     Synocha  —  f.    Anginosa,     Angina 

—  f.  Annua,  see  Annual  diseases  —  f.  Anomala, 
Fever,  anomalous  —  f.  Aphonica,  Fever,  aphonic 

—  f.  Aphthosa,  Aphtha  —  f.  Apoplectica,  Fever, 
apoplectic — f.  Aniens,  Synocha — f.  Arte  promota, 
Fever,  artificial — f.  Arthritica,  Gout  —  f.  Asodes, 
Fever,  bilious,  see  Asodes — f.  Assidua,  Continued 
fever  —  f.  Asthenica,  Fever,  asthenic,  Typhus  — 
f.  Asthmatica,  Fever,  asthmatic — f.  Ataxo-adyna- 
niica,  Fever,  ataxo-adynamic — f.  Azodes,  see  Aso- 
des— f.  Biliosa,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Bullosa,  Pem- 
phigus—  f.  Cardialgia,  Fever,  cardialgic  —  f.  Ca- 
tarrhalis,  Catarrh  —  f.  Catarrhalis  epidemiea,  In- 
fluenza—  f.  Caumatodes,  Synocha  —  f.  Causodes, 
Synocha — f.  Cephalalgia,  Fever,  cephalalgic — f. 
Cephalica,  Fever,  cephalic — f.  Cholcpyretica,  Fe- 
ver, bilious  —  f.  Cholerica,  Fever,  bilious,  Fever, 
choleric  —  f.  Chronica,  Fever,  chronic  —  f.  Coal- 
terna,  see  Coalternae  febres — f.  Colliquativa,  Fe- 
ver, colliquative  —  f.  Comatodes,  Fever,  apoplec- 
tic—  f.  Communicans,  see  Subintrantes  F.  —  f. 
Confusa,  see  Confusae  febres  —  f.  Continens,  Ty- 
phus—  f.  Continens  non  putrida,  Synocha  —  f. 
Continens  putrida,  Typhus  —  f.  Continua  inflam- 
matoria,  Empresma — f.  Continua  putrida,  Syno- 
chus — f.  Continua  putrida  icterocles  Caroliniensis, 
Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Continua  non  putris,  Synocha 
— f.  Continua  sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Convulsiva, 
Fever,  convulsive — f.  Cry  modes,  see  Cry  modes, 
and  Algid  fever — f.  Culicularis,  Miliary  fever — f. 
cum  Delirio,  Fever,  delirious  —  f.  Depuratoria, 
Fever,  depuratory — f.  Deurens,  Synocha — f.  Di- 
aphoretica,  Fever,  diaphoretic  —  f.  Diaria,  Ephe- 
mera— f.  Duodeciuiana,  Fever,  duodecimane  —  f. 
Dysenterica,  Dysentery — f.  Elodes,  see  Elodes — 
f.  Elodes  icterodes,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Enterica, 
see  Typhus  —  f.  Enteromesenterica,  Entero-me- 
senteric  —  f.  Epacmastica,  see  Epacmasticos  —  f. 
Ephemera,  Ephemera — f.  Epidemiea  cum  angina, 
Cynanche  maligna — f.  Epileptica,  Fever,  epileptic 
— f.  Erotica,  Fever,  erotic — f.  Erratica,  Fever,  ano- 
malous, Fever,  erratic,  see  Erratic  and  Planetes 
— f.  Erronea,  see  Planetes — f.  Erysipelacea,  Ery- 
sipelas— f.  Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelas — f.  Esserosa, 
Miliary  fever  —  f.  Exquisita,  Fever,  regular  —  f. 
Exanthematica  articularis,  Dengue — f.  Famelica, 
see  Famelica  Febris — f.  Flava,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Flava  Americanorum,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Gangrae- 
nodes,  Fever,  gangrenous — f.  Gastrica,  Fever,  bi- 
lious, Fever,  gastric  —  f.  Gastrico-biliosa,  Fever, 
gastric — f.  Gastro-adynamica,  Fever,  gastro-ady- 
namic  —  f.  Hgemoptoica,  Fever,  haemoptoic  —  f. 
Hebdomadana,  Octana  —  f.  Hectica,  Hectic  fever 
—  f.  Hectica  infantum,  Tabes  mesenterica  —  f. 
Hectica  maligna  nervosa,  Typhus  mitior — f.  He- 
meresia,  Quotidian — f.  Hemitritaea,  Hemitritaea — 
f.  Hepatica,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Hepatica  inflam- 
matoria,  Hepatitis — f.  Horrifica,  see  Algidus — f. 
Horrida,  see  Algidus  —  f.  Humoralis,  Fever,  hu- 
moral— f.  Hungarica,  Fever,  Hungaric — f.  Hydro- 
cephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus  —  f.  Hydro- 
phobica,  Fever,  hydrophobic — f.  Hysteretica,  see 
Postpositio — f.  Hysterica,  Fever,  hysteric — f.  Ic- 
terica,  Fever,  icteric — f.  Iliacainflammatoria,  En- 
teritis—  f.  Infantum  remittens,  Fever,  infantile 
remittent — f.  Inflammatoria,  Synocha — f.  Inten- 
sio,  Epitasis — f.  Intermittens,  Intermittent  fever 
— f.  Intermittens  cephalica  larvata,  Cephalalgia 
periodica — f.  Iutestinalis  ulcerosa,  see  Typhus — 


f.  Intestinorum,  Enteritis — f.  Irregularis,  Fever 
anomalous  —  f.  Lactea,  Fever,  milk  —  f.  Larvata, 
Fever,  masked — f.  Lenta,  Fever,  infantile  remit« 
tent,  Hectic  fever,  Synochus  —  f.  Lenta  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior,  Fever,  nervous  —  f.  Lenticularis, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Lethargica,  Fever,  apoplectic — 
f.  Lochialis,  Fever,  lochial — f.  Lygmodes,  Fever, 
singultous —  f.  Lyngodes,  Fever,  singultous  —  f. 
Maligna,  Fever,  malignant  —  f.  Maligna  biliosa 
Americee,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Maligna  cum  Sopore, 
Typhus  —  f.  Maligna  flava  India?  occidentalis, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Marasmodes,  Hectic  fever,  Ma- 
rasmopyra — f.  Meningo-gastricus,  Fever,  gastric 
— f.  Mesenterica,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal,  Fever, 
mesenteric — f.  Methemerina,  Quotidian — f.  Mili- 
aris,  Miliary  fever — f.  Minuta,  Fever,  syncopal— 
f.  Morbillosa,  Rubeola — f.  Mucosa,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal —  f.  Mucosa  verminosa,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent  —  f.  Nautica  pestilentialis,  Typhus 
gravior — f.  Nephritica,  Fever,  nephritic — f.  Ner- 
vosa, Fever,  nervous  —  f.  Nervosa  enterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  epidemiea,  Typhus — f.  Ner- 
vosa exanthematica,  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  gas- 
trica, see  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  mesenterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  petechialis,  Typhus — f.  Neu- 
rodes,  Fever,  nervous — f.  Nocturnus,  see  Noctur- 
nal—  f.  Nonana,  Fever,  nonane  —  f.  Nosocomio- 
rum,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Nycterinus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— f.  Octana,  Fever,  octane — f.  Oscitans,  Osci- 
tant  fever  —  f.  Paludosa,  see  Elodes  —  f.  Pan- 
nonica,  Fever,  Hungary  —  f.  Pemphigodes, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Pemphingodes,  Pemphigus  —  f. 
Pempta,  Quintan — f.  Periodica,  Fever,   periodic 

—  f.  Perniciosa,  Fever,  pernicious  —  f.  Pestilens, 
Plague  —  f.   Pestilens  maligna,  Typhus   gravior 

—  f.  Pestilentialis,  Fever,  pestilential  —  f.  Pesti- 
lentialis Europae,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Petechialis, 
Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Phthisica,  Hectic  fever  —  f. 
Planetes,  see  Planetes — f.  Pleuritica,  Pleuritis — f. 
Podagrica,  Gout — f.  Polycholica,  Fever,  bilious — 
f.  Pneumonica,  Fever,  pneumonic,  Pneumonia  — 
f.  Puerperalis  biliosa,  Metrocholosis  —  f.  Puerpe- 
rarum,  Puerperal  fever  —  f.  Puncticularis,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Puerperalis,  Fever, 
puerperal  —  f.  Purpurate  rubra  et  alba  miliaris, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Purulenta,  Fever,  purulent — f. 
Putrida,  Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Putrida  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior  —  f.  Quartana,  Quartan  —  f.  Quer- 
quera,  see  Algidus — f.  Quinta,  Quintan — f.  Quin- 
tana,  Fever,  quintan,  Quintan  —  f.  Quotidiana, 
Fever,  quotidian,  Quotidian — f.  Regularis,  Fever, 
regular  —  f.  Remittens,  Remittent  fever  —  f.  Re- 
mittens infantum,  Fever,  infantile  remittent  —  f. 
Rheumatica  inflammatoria,  Rheumatism,  acute — 
f.  Rubra,  Scarlatina — f.  Rubra  pruriginosa,  Urti- 
caria— f.  Sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Sapropyra,  Ty- 
phus gravior  —  f.  Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina  —  f. 
Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic  —  f.  Semitertiana, 
Hemitritaea  —  f.  Septana,  Fever,  septan  —  f.  Ses- 
quialtera,  Hemitritaea — f.  Sextana,  Fever,  sextan 
— f.  Simplex,  Ephemera,  Fever,  simple — f.  Sin- 
gultosa,  Fever,  singultous  —  f.  Soporosa,  Fever, 
apoplectic  —  f.  Stercoralis,  Fever,  stercoral  —  f. 
Sthenica,  Synocha  —  f.  Stomachica  inflammato- 
ria, Gastritis — f.  Subintrans,  Fever,  subintrant — 
f.  Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic,  Hydropyretus, 
Sudor  anglicus — f.  Syncopalis,  Fever,  syncopal — 
f.  Syphilitica,  Fever,  syphilitic— f.  Tabida,  Fever, 
colliquative,  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Tertiana,  Fever, 
tertian,  Tertian  fever  —  f.  Tonica,  Synocha  —  f. 
Topica,  Neuralgia,  facial — f.  Toxica,  Fever,  yel- 
low—  f.  Tragica,  Fever,  tragic  —  f.  Traumatica, 
Fever,  traumatic  —  f.  Tropica,  Fever,  yellow  —  f. 
Typhodes,  Typhus — f.  Urticata,  Urticaria — f.  Ute- 
rina,  Metritis — f.  Vaga,  Fever,  anomalous,  see  Pla- 
netes— f.  Variolosa,  Variola — f.  Verminosa,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent,  F.  verminous,  Helminthopyra 
— f.  Vernalis.  Fever,  vernal — f.  Vesicularis,  Mili- 

I  ary  Fever,  Pemphigus  —  f.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 


F  E  B  W  U  A 


Fl-  IGXED  DISEASES 


FEB'RUA,  from  fthnto,  *  I  purge.1  In  ancient 
mythology,  a  goddess  who  presided  over  men- 
struation. 

F  BCA  1..  Stereoraeeous. 

F&CONDA  TWIT,  Fecundation. 
/•/;.  Fecundity. 

ula,  diminutive  of 

An   immediate   principle  of   vegetables, 

composed  of  hydi  o,  and  carbon.     It 

a  BeversJ  plants,  and  has  different  names, 

according  to  that  which  furnishes  it.    (F.j  FScule, 

Amydoli,    When  extracted  from  wheat  or  barley, 

Mod   starch,  Am'ylutiU      When  from 

.•  —  t'ruin   Orchis   mo'rio,   Salep. 
Quia    of    the    Potato,    Bryony, 

A 

..    This  name  is  given  to  a 

solid   matter,  Of  variable  character,  which  is   be- 
resinous,  and  which   renders   turbid 
several  kinds  of  jui.es,  extracted  from  vegetables. 
It  is  also  called  CkloropkylL 

I  \    Axylaci  \.    Amylum —  f.   Marantse, 
Arrow-root — f.  Tapioka,  see  Jatropha  inanihot. 
ula. 
i    LEN(    B,    Fcuctthn'tia,  Ftfcox' itas,  F<px, 
plural   /./•-,    /.-      ti.   L>  • ,  Depos'it,  Dregs.     In 
Pharmacy,  feculent,   albuminous,  or  other  Bub- 
-.  which  are  deposited  from  turbid  fluids. 

QLE  NT,    Fa       '-  n'tUB,  Jfypot'rygus,  Try- 

•  Foul,  dreggy,  excrementitious ;'    as   a 
\t  fluid,  feculent  evacuations,  &c. 
I'N  i».  Fectm'du*,  Fmeun'dus,  (F.)  Fecond. 
Bame  etymon  as  the  next.     Fruitful,  prolific. 


FECUNDA'TION,    Fecunda'tio,    1,,,, 
Hon,    Impragna'tio,     Tngravida'tio,     Pragna'tio, 
Gravida' tio,   Pragna'tut,    Fruetifica'tio,    < 

EiK-yt  'sis,  Encymo'sia,  Procrea'tion,  (F.)  i 

tint  inn.    The  act  by  which,  in  organized  beings, 

the  material  furnished  by  the  generativ<   • 

of  the  female,  unites  with  that  prepared  by  those 

of  the  male.  BO  that  a  new  being  roults. 

VMTY.  Full,,' ;<t.  Facun'ditac,  Pro- 
ductiv'itaM,  (F.)  Ficonditi.  The  faculty  of  repro- 
duction, possessed  by  organized  bo 

It  has  been  estimated  that,  throughout  a  coun- 
try, taking  one  marriage  with  another,  not  more 
than  1  children  are  the  result;  and  in  towns  only 
86  children  to  It)  marri.. 

FEE,  Pyschorages,  Sostrum. 

FEET,  BURNING  OF  THE.  A  singular  ca- 
chectic disease,  described  by  Mr.  Malcolmson  as 
occurring  in  India,  the  prominent  symptom  of 
which  was  s  Bense  of  burning  in  the  feet. 

FJEGARITE,  Cancer  aquations,  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-mem  bra  nous. 

FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Morbi  diesimula'ti 
seu  rimula'ti  sen  cela'tiseu  infitia'H  sen  pst  uda'- 
lei,  Sim'vlated  or  /'  .  (F.)  Mala- 

dies  di*ssimulec8  ou  aimulees  on  feintea  on  suppo- 
ses. The  tricks  employed,  by  impostors,  to 
induce  a  belief  that  they  are  attacked  with  dis- 
eases when  they  are  not.  These  tire  generally 
assumed  by  beggars  to  obtain  alms:  by  criminals 
to  escape  punishment;  and  by  soldiers  to  be 
exempt  from  duty. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  chief  feigned 
diseases,  with  the  means  of  detection: 


LE  OF  FEIGNED,  PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED  DISEASES  OR 
DISQUALIFICATIONS. 


' 


How  Feigxed. 


How  Detected. 


1.  Aboutio.v. 

- 


ROTIO 

Bldts 


4.  Arc 


mia,  and  Debility. 

6.  Exchbtioh    of 

C'A  LCI  I.I. 

7.  Cancxrous  Uir- 

CXB. 


8.  Catalxpst. 


By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


By  applying  the  extract  of  bella- 
donna or  datura  stramonium  to 
the  eye. 

By  falling  down  as  if  deprived  of 
.  ion  and  OOnBCiou 

Using  substances  to  make  the  face 
appear  pale  and  livid.  Indulging 
freely  in  wine,  and  privation  of 
sleep  prior  to  examination. 

Putting  sand,  pebbles,  <fcc,  into  the 
urine. 

ing  on  a  portion  of  a  spleen 
with  the  smooth  side  to  the  skin, 
leaving  on  the  outside  the   ap- 

:  ance  of  an  ulcerated  Mirfacc. 

By  seeming  to  be  suddenly  motion- 
.  the  joints  remaining  flexible, 
and  external  objects  making  no 
Impression. 


9.  Chorea. 


1".  c  'vtracti05  op 
Gbkx- 

If  XT, 


inning  the  convulsive  n 
of  a  part  which  characterize  cho- 
rea. 


By  constant  and  minute  attention. 

Amaurosis  is  characterized  by  dila- 
ted   pupil.      Where    these     sub- 
stances  have    been   applied,  the 
effects  will  go  off  in  ten  da, 
fortnight. 

By  powerful  stimulants:  an  electric 
shook;  application  of  hot  wal  r. 
outatories,  actual  cauti 

By  examining  if  the  pa  - 
and  the  skin   hot,  and  whether 
there   be   loss   of   appetite   or    of 
strength,  or  swelling  of  the  limbs. 

By  the  aid  of  ehymistry.  We  are 
acquainted  with  the  chymical 
composition  of  urinary  calculi. 

By  noticing  whether  tl 
of  cachexia,  and  by  attentive  ex- 
amination of  the  parti 

By  powerful  stimulant-. 
mended  an der apoplexy.  Letting 
fall  a  drop  of  boiling  \\  ater  on  the 
back.  Proposing  to  nse  the  ac- 
tual cautery,  and  Beeing  whether 
the  pulse  r 
By  examining  the  patient  whilst  he 
may  imagine  himself  unobsei  red, 
and  seeing  whether  the  convul- 

OU8   go   on.      : 
theti(   . 

of  discrimination   son; 

h  s  the  most 
!  attentive. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


380 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  <£( 


How  Feigned. 


Hotv  Detected. 


i  11.  Contraction   op 
the  Fingers. 


12.  Convulsions. 


13.  Opake  Cornea. 


'A.  Cutaneous  Dis- 
eases 


15. Deaf-Dumbness. 


18.  Deafness. 


17.  Death. 

IS.     Debility,     see 
Cachexia. 

19.  Deformity. 


20.  Delivery. 


Produced  by  the  application  of  a 
strong  acid,  by  acrid  powders,  as 
quicklime,  &c. 

Some  articles  of  diet  will  bring  on 
urticaria  or  nettle-rash,  in  parti- 
cular individuals,  as  shell-fish, 
bitter  almonds,  &c.  By  acrids, 
acids,  or  any  irritants  applied  to 
the  surface.  An  ointment  of  tar- 
tarized  antimony  causes  a  painful 
pustular  eruption.  See  Porrigo, 
in  this  list. 


It  may  be  assumed  or  excited  by 
putting  a  pea  in  the  ear,  or  by 
inserting  irritants,  so  as  to  induce 
inflammation  and  temporary  loss 
of  function. 


Some  persons  possess  the  power  of 
suspending  or  moderating  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart. 


21.  Diarrhcsa. 


22.  Dropsy. 


23.  Dysentery. 


After  enlargement  produced  artifi- 
cially, a  subsidence  of  the  tume- 
faction ;  the  parts  being  moisten- 
ed by  borrowed  blood,  and  the 
child  of  another  substituted  as 
the  female's  own. 


Said  to  have  been  caused  by  a  mix- 
ture of  vinegar  and  burnt  cork.  (?) 
May  be  occasioned  by  the  use  of 
any  of  the  purgative  roots,  &c. 


May  be  feigned,  like  pregnancy,  by 
wearing  pads.  The  anasarcous 
condition  of  the  lower  limbs  has 
been  caused  by  applying  a  liga-  - 
ture  round  them.  By  inflating 
the  cellular  membrane  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

May  be  feigned,  like  diarrhoea,  by 
adding  a  little  blood  to  the  eva- 
cuations, or  by  introducing  a  soap 
or  some  more  irritating  supposi- 
tory. 


Introduce  a  cord  between  the  fin- 
gers and  the  palm  of  the  hand, 
and  gradually  apply  weights  so 
as  to  expand  the  fingers.  Confine 
him  so  that  he  cannot  obtain  his 
food  without  using  his  clenched 
hand. 

When  feigned,  they  do  not  present 
the  rigidity  of  muscles  or  the  ra- 
pidity of  action  which  characte- 
rize the  real.  k  The  mode  of  de- 
tection must  be  the  same  as  in 
epilepsy. 

The  existence  of  the  opacity  can  be 
detected  by  attentive  observation. 


By  careful  examination  on  the  part 
of  practitioner  and  nurse. 


The  really  deaf  and  dumb  acquire 
an  expression  of  countenance  and 
gestures  which  it  is  difficult  to 
assume. 

Make  a  noise  when  not  expected, 
and  see  if  the  countenance  varies 
or  pulse  rises.  Put  to  sleep  by 
opium,  and  then  fire  a  pistol  close 
to  the  ear,  when  he  may  be 
thrown  off  his  guard.  Examine 
the  ear  to  see  if  any  trick  has 
been  played  there. 

If  suspected,  the  plan  recommended 
under  apoplexy  will  be  found 
most  efficacious. 


Examine  the  part  and  its  articula- 
tion, naked,  and  compare  it  with 
the  opposite. 

Can  only  be  positively  detected  by 
examination  par  vaginam.  Soon 
after  delivery,  the  vagina  will  be 
relaxed  and  the  lochial  discharge 
be  flowing  in  greater  abundance, 
the  shorter  the  time  that  mayi 
have  elapsed  since  delivery. 

When  diarrhoea  is  feigned  by  the ! 
lower  classes,  inspect  the  linen ;  | 
if  clean,  the  bowels  are  probably 
not  much  out  of  order.  Let  every 
individual  have  a  close  stool  of 
his  own  ;  and  inspect  the  evacua- 
tions, taking  care  that  one  suffer- 
ing under  the  disease  does   not' 
lend  his  evacuations  to  another.    I 

Can  be  detected  by  attentive  exa- 
mination.    There  will  be  a  want  i 
of    that    leucophlegmatic    habit  j 
which  accompanies  and  charac 
terizes  dropsy. 


Same  rules  as  under  diarrhoea. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


r,<] 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  Ac. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


24.  Epilepsy*. 


25.  Fever. 


26.  Fistula  a  Airo, 


27.  Fractures. 


28.  H.emati: 


29.  HAEMOPTYSIS. 


30.  HEMORRHOIDS. 

31.  nEART.Dl- 

ol  ,     -    •■     1'ALl-lTA- 

i 


32.  IIi:patitis. 

33.  Hxmn  v. 

34.  Hydrocele. 

35.  hydrocepha- 
LUS. 

36.  Hysteria. 

37.  Ln  \NITY. 

38.  Jaundice. 


The  foaming  of  the  mouth  has  been 
produced  by  keeping  a  piece  of 
soap  in  it. 


By  various  stimulant?,  a9  wine, 
brandy,  pepper j  swallowing  a 
small  quantity  of  tobacco,  or  in- 
troducing it  into  the  amis.  Flour 
or  chalk  used  to  whiten  the 
tongue.  Redness  of  skin,  caused 
by  friction  with  a  hard  brush. 

By  making  an  incision  near  the 
verge  of  the  anus,  and  introducing 
into  it  an  acrid  tent,  such  as  the 
root  of  white  fnllebore,  &C. 

There  is  generally  nothing  but  the 
man's  own  testimony.  He  com- 
plains of  pain  in  the  part :  if  frac- 
ture of  the  skull  be  feigned,  he 
states,  perhaps,  that  he  becomes 
deranged  on  tasting  liquor.  « 

By  drinking  the  blood  of  some  ani- 
mal, or  using  Borne  coloured  li- 
quid, and  then  throwing  it  up. 

reting  bullock's  blood  for  the 
purpose  of  colouring  the  saliva  : 
making  small  incisions  in  the 
mouth  :  using  hole  armeniao  or 
paint  of  vermilion. 

By  introducing  bladders  of  rats  or  of 
small  fish  partly  into  the  rectum. 

The  linen  has  also  been  stained 
with  borrowed  blood. 


Sensation  in  epilepsy  is  totally  abo- 
lished. If  any  remain,  disease 
probably  feigned.  Enoontraotility 

of  pupil,  which  occurs  in  epilepsy, 
cannot  be  feigned.      Sam-    I 

to  be  used  as  in  feigned  apoplexy . 
This  deceit  is  generally  developed 

l>y   a   day   or  two's   examination. 

Where  flour  or  chalk  has 
used  to  whiten  the  tongue,  the 
line  of  demarcation  between  the 
whitened  part  and  the  • 
healthy  margin  of  the  tongne,  is 
too  well  marked  to  escape  obser- 
vation. 

By  careful  examination. 


By  attentive  examination. 


By  cutting  off  the  supply  of  the  fluid 
and  careful  examination. 

Blood  from  the  lungs  is  frothy  and 
light-coloured.  Mouth  and  fauces 
must  be  carefully  inspected,  and 
the  individual  be  observed. 


In  the  same  manner  as  hydrocele; 
—  by  inflation. 

By  puncturing  the  skin  of  the  scro- 
tum, and  inflating  the  cellular 
membrane. 

By  opening  the  integuments  of  the 
head,  near  the  vertex,  e.  g.  and 
blowing  in  air. 


The  means  are  obvious. 


Unless  the  person  be  n  well-educated 
impostor,  acute  inflammation  of 
the  liver  will  be  detected  by  the 
absence  of  marks  of  strong  in- 
flammatory action.  Chronic  liver 
ditease  is,  frequently,  not  charac- 
terized by  well-marked  Bymp- 
toms,  and  hence,  when  assumed, 
is  difficult  of  detection. 


By  colouring  the  skin  with  an  infu- 
i  of  turmeric  <>r  tincture  of 
rhubarh.  Clay-toloured rtoolfpTO- 
duoed  by  taking  daily  a  small 
quantity  of  muriatic  acid.  High- 
eoloured  urine  by  rhuharh  taken 
internally. 


The  detection  is  easy. 


Do. 


Do. 

Does  not  easily  resist  the  applica- 
tion of  strong  sternutatories  to 
the  nostrils.  Attentive  examina- 
tion necessary. 

The  expression  of  countenance  can- 
not easily  be  feigned.  Nor  can 
the  affection  be  kept  np  bo  long 

,i  real  mental  alii  nation.  The 
individual  cannot  do  BO  long  with- 
out t 1,  ill  ■  p,  Ac, 

The   e\  •  -  cannot  be  i 
though  smoke  has  been  used  for 
this  purpose.    The  -kin  musl  be 
washed  to  remo  louring 

matter  if  any  exist,  and  1 1 
ply  of  acid  and  rhubarb  I 
vented. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


82 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


39.  Lameness. 


40.  Menstruation. 


Ml.  Myopia. 

Short- Siglitedness. 


42.  Ophthalmia. 


43.  OZ.ENA. 


44.  Palpitation. 


45.  Pains. 


46.  Shaking  Palsy. 


47.  Paralysis. 


>.   Phthisis    Pul- 
monale. 


49.  Polypus  Nasi. 


50.  Porrigo. 
Scalled  Head. 


51.  Pregnancy. 


52.  Prolapsus  Ani. 

53.  Prolapsus  Ute- 
ri. 


Br  keeping  the  limb  in  a  contracted 
state,  and  resisting  any  efforts  to 
move  it. 

By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


Excited  by  a  variety  of  acrid  and 
corrosive  substances  applied  to 
the  eye;  as  lime,  &c. 

A  portion  of  black  mnslin.  spread 
over  the  cornea.  The  eyelashes 
are  sometimes  extracted,  and 
caustic  applied  to  excite  disease 
in  the  palpebral. 

By  impregnating  a  piece  of  sponge 
with  some  offensive  juices  or  oils, 
mixed  with  decayed  cheese,  and 
putting  the  imbued  sponge  into 
the  nostrils. 

White  hellebore,  given  in  the  dose 
of  10  or  12  grains,  and  repeated, 
will  occasion  general  indisposi- 
tion, and  undue  action  of  the  heart. 


By  two  persons  taking  hold  of  the 
individual  and  moving  rapidly 
along  with  him;  and  when  they 
are  tired,  having  relays.  The 
impostor  will  generally  give  in. 

By  cutting  off  the  supply. 

Present  an  open  book,  and  apply 
the  leaves  close  to  the  nose.  If 
it  cannot  be  read  distinctly,  when 
thus  placed,  or  when  glasses 
proper  for  short-sightedness  are 
used,  the  disease  is  feigned. 


"When  ophthalmia  is  thus  excited, 
its  progress  is  ordinarily  very 
rapid,  arriving  at  its  height  within 
a  few  hours. 


Individuals  with  long  necks  and 
contracted  shoulders  have  simu- 
lated phthisis,  by  covering  the 
chest  with  blisters,  cicatrices  of 
issues,  &c,  and  by  taking  drugs 
which  cause  paleness. 

By  introducing  the  testicle  of  a 
young  cock,  or  the  kidney  of  a 
rabbit,  into  the  nostril,  and  re- 
taining it  there  by  means  of  a 
sponge  fastened  to  it. 

By  applying  nitric  acid  to  the  head, 
after  protecting  the  face  with 
fatty  substances  ;  but  the  chronic 
state  is  imitated  by  the  use  of 
depilatories  of  different  kinds  ap- 
plied sometimes  in  patches,  so 
as  to  resemble  the  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

By  wearing  pads,  and  assuming  the 
Ion  sing  after  particular  articles 
of  diet,  &c. 

By  a  portion  of  the  intestine  of  the  ox, 
in  which  a  sponge  filled  with  a 
mixture  of  blood  and  milk  is  placed. 

Bv  a  similar  fraud. 


Cut  off  the  supply. 

The  detection  is  here  often  difficult. 
The  non-existence  of  pain  cannot 
be  proved,  and  great  pain  may  be 
present  without  any  appearance 
externally. 

The  imposition  is  more  frequently 
detected  by  inconsistencies  and 
contradictions  in  the  patient's 
history  of  the  case,  than  in  any 
other  manner. 

May  be  suspected,  if  the  person  be 
in  an  ordinary  state  of  vigour. 
Try  violent  remedies  and  means, 
recommended  under  Chorea. 

Violent  remedies  are  here  recpiired. 
Cold  affusion,  actual  cautery, 
electric  shocks,  &g. 


,   By   attentive   examination   of  the 
symptoms. 


By  the  absence  of  the  areola ;  the 
presence  of  a  pad  ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, by  examination  per  vaginam. 


FEIGNED   Dl 


FEIGNED   Dl     : 


9B8,  Ac. 


. 


lli»\v   Iii::; 


64   Pulsb,   Wkak- 
or   Defkct 

mono  Rhec- 

Pain. 


. 


57.  SCTOYT. 


fib.  Stammering. 


59.  Stricti-re  of 
thf.  qrethb  v. 

00.  Swelling  of  the 
Legs. 

61.  Sthcopb. 


62.  Tympany. 


63.  Ulcer    of   the 
Ear. 


64.  Ulcers  of  the 
Legs,  Ac. 


65.  Bloody  Urine. 


66.  INCONTINENCE  of 

Urine. 


67.  Varicose  Veins.  - 


By  ligatures  applied  to  the  corre- 
B]   Riding  arm. 


By  exciting  ulcers  below  the  angles 
of  the  jaw. 

By  covering  the  tooth  with  wax, 
and  then  applying  arid,  corrosive 
substances  to  the  gums. 


By  ligataree  round  the  thighs. 

Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to 
prevent  the  pulse  being  felt.  By 
applying  lotions  to  the  face  to 
make  it  pale. 

Persona  have  possessed  the  power  of 
swallowing  air,  so  as  to  distend  the 
stomach,  and  simulate  tympany. 

By  introducing  a  tent,  imbued  with 
blistering  plaster  into  the  ear, 
and  repeating  the  application, 
until  the  tube  becomes  ulcerated, 
and  a  discharge  ofpuriform  mat- 
ter is  established.  The  fetid  smell 
is  imitated,  by  dropping  into  the 
ear  \  mixture  of  empyreumatic 
oil,  asafoetida,  and  obi  cheese. 
>.  by  introducing  a  little  honey 
into  the  ni 

By  corrosives,  or  irritants.  Some- 
times by  abrasion,  by  rubbing 
sand  on  the  shin-bone.  At  others, 
they  are  pretended,  by  gluing  on 
a  piece  of  spleen  or  the  skin  of  a 
frog. 

The  fruit  of  the  Indian  Fig  [Gaettt* 
opuntia)  colours  the  urine  as  red 
as  blood.  Cantharides  will  cause 
it.  Blood  may  also  be  procured 
and  mixed  with  the  urine. 


By  a  ligature,  placed  tightly  round 
the  limb.  They  may  be  excited 
in  this  manner,  or  aggravated  if 
already  existing. 


'  By  examining  whether  the  B 

of  the  two  arms  beat  alike;  and 
tare  be  placed  on  the  arm. 


By  examining  the  general  habit, 
and  observing  whether  the  ulce- 
rations be  glandular,  and  the  dis- 
charge  of  a  scrofulous  character. 

By   examining  the  general  habit; 
whether      debilitated.     • 
and  the  osual  general 

scorbutus. 

Simulators  of  this  defect  generally 
state,  that  it  is  connate,  or  ascribe 
it  to  a  fit  of  apoplexy  or  severe 
fever.  Where  the  orgai 
speech  were  perfect,  and  the  mo- 
ral evidence  of  the  previoi 
istence  of  the  infirmity  was  not 
satisfactory,  the  French  authori- 
ties used  to  confine  the  soldiers, 
and  not  supply  them  with  food, 
until  they  called  for  it  without 
stammering. 

By  passing  a  bougie. 

Examine  the  limbs  uncovered. 

By  using  sternutatories.  By  the 
absence  of  some  of  the  symptoms 
of  syncope.  Examine  the  naked 
arms.     Wash  the  face. 


Bv  careful  examination. 


Artificial  ulcers  have,  usually,  a 
more  distinct  margin,  and  are 
more  readily  healed  than  others; 
the  latter  being  generally  indi- 
cative of  an  impaired  constitu- 
tion. 

By  making  the  patient  pass  his 
urine  in  the  presence  of  the  phy- 
sician, and  examining  the 
before  and  after.  By  cutting  off 
the  supply  of  any  substance,*  hich 
could  cause  the  appearance. 

Difficult,  at  times,  of  detection,  (live 
the  person  a  full  dose  of  opium, 
and  Introduce  the  catheter  v.  hen 
he  is  asleep.  If  there  be  urine, 
the  incontinence  is  feigned. 

By  examining  the  limb. 


FEL 


384 


FERN 


FEL.  Bile — f.  Anguillae,  see  Bile — f.  Bovinum, 
Bile  of  the  Ox  —  f.  Bovis,  see  Bile  —  f.  Nature, 
Aloes — f.  Tauri,  see  Bile — f.  Terrae,  Ludus  Hel- 
raontii — f.  Ursi,  see  Bile — f.  Vitri,  see  Vitrum. 

FELDSCHEEREX,  Bathers. 

FELINE  US,  Bilious. 

FELLEUS,  Biliarv.  Bilious. 

PELLIDUCUS,  Cholagogue. 

FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus  — f.  Super- 
fusio,  Icterus — f.  Suffusio,  Icterus. 

FELOX,  Paronychia. 

FELTIXG,  from  Anglo-Saxon  pelt,  cloth  or 
stuff  made  without  weaving.  Tangling.  A  term 
applied  to  the  hair  when  inextricably  interlaced, 
as  occurs  occasionally  in  women  from  inattention. 

FEL  FEE  DE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid. 

FELWORT,  Gentiana  lutea. 

FEMALE,  Fce'mina,  Fe'mina,  Gyne,  (F.)  Fe- 
melle,  (Femme,  'woman.')  In  animals,  the  one 
that  engenders  and  bears  the  young.  It  is,  also, 
used  adjectively; — as,  the  Female  Sex,  &c. 

Female  Parts,  Vulva. 

FEJIELLE,  Female. 

FEMEX,  Thigh  (inner  part),  Vulva. 

FEMIXA.  Female. 

FEMIXES'CEXCE,  Faminescen'tia,  from  fce- 
mina,  l  a  female.'  The  possession  or  assumption 
of  certain  male  characteristics  by  the  female. — 
Mehliss. 

FEMME  EX  COUCHE,  Puerpera. 

FEM'ORAL,  Femora' lis,  from  femur,  femorift, 
'the  thigh-bone.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the 
thigh;  as  Femoral  artery,  Femoral  hernia,  &c. 
See  Crural. 

FEMORALIS,  Triceps  cruris. 

FEMORO-CALCAXIEX  PETIT,  Plantar 
muscle  —  f.  Popliteal,  great,  Sciatic  nerve,  great 
— /.  Popliti-tibial,  Poplitajus  muscle. 

FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tibia'lis.  Be- 
longing to  the  femur  and  tibia.  The  Femoro- 
tibial  articulation  is  the  knee-joint. 

FEMUR,  Jlerus,  Me'rium.  The  thigh  (q.  v.) 
Also,  the  thigh  bone,  Os  fern' oris,  (F.)  L'os  de  la 
Cuisse.  The  strongest  and  longest  of  all  the 
bones  of  the  body,  extending  from  the  pelvis  to 
the  tibia,  and  forming  the  solid  part  of  the  thigh. 
The  femur  is  cylindrical,  slightly  curved  anteri- 
orly, unsymmetrical  and  oblique  downwards  and 
inwards.  The  body  of  the  bone  is  prismatic,  and 
has,  behind,  a  prominent  ridge,  the  linea  aspera. 


Membra' na  Tympani  secun'daria,  Tympanum  mi- 
nus seu  secunda' rium,  Membra'na  fenestras  rotun'- 
cIcb,  and  corresponds  to  the  inner  scala  of  the 
cochlea. 

Fenestra  Oculi,  Pupil. 

FEXES'TRAL,  Fenestra'tus,  from  fenestra, 
'a  window.'  (F.)  Fenitre  et  Fenestre.  Ban- 
dages, compresses,  or  plasters  with  small  perfo- 
rations or  openings,  are  so  called.  The  openings 
prevent  the  detention  of  the  discharge. 

FEXESTRATUS,  Fenestral. 

FEXESTRE,  Fenestral. 

FEXI-  TRE,  Fenestra. 

FEXETRE,  Fenestral. 

FEXXEL,  Anethum  —  f.  Dogs',  Anthemis  co- 
tula — f.  Flower,  Xigella — f.  Hog's,  Peucedanum 
—  f.  Sweet,  Anethum  —  f.  Water,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum. 

FEXOUIL,  Anethum—/.  d'Eau,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum — /.  Marin,  Crithmum  maritimum— /. 
de  Pore,  Peucedanum — /.  Puant,  Anethum  gra- 
veolens. 

FEXTE,  Fissure—/.  Capillaire,  see  Pilatio— 
/.  Glenoidale,  Fissure,  glenoid—/.  Orbitaire,  Or- 


bitar    fissure — /.    Orbitaire    infe> 


;pkeno- 


Processes.  - 


Upper  or 

Pelvic 

Extremity. 


("Head  supported  on 
J       column  or  neck, 
j  Great  trochanter. 
I  Lesser  trochanter. 


T  ,    .  f  External  condvle 

Inferior   or     T    .  ,  ,  *, 

Jm.-L .  7  Internal  condyle. 


Tibial 
Extremity. 


dy] 

1  External  tuberosity. 
[  Internal  tuberosity. 


The  femur  ossifies  from  five  points:  —  one  on 
each  process  of  the  pelvic  extremity;  one  in  the 
body  of  the  bone;  and  two  on  the  condyles.  It 
is  articulated  with  the  pelvis,  tibia,  and  patella. 
See  Thigh. 

FJRMUR  COL  DU,  Collum  femoris  —  f.  Mo- 
rentium  septimus,  Iliacus  internus  —  f.  Moven- 
tium  sextus.  Psoas  magnus — f.  Summum,  Vulva. 

FEXES'TRA.  A  window,  (akin  to  <paivu,  'I 
show,'  and  to  Sanscrit  fdnu.)  (F.)  Fenitre.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  two  apertures, 
situate  in  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum.  The  one  of  these  is  the  Fenest'ra 
ova  lis  seu  vestibula' ris,  Fora'men  ova'le.  It  is 
oval-shaped :  situate  at  the  base  of  the  stapes, 
and  corresponds  with  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule. 
The  other  is  the  Fenest'ra  rotun'da  seu  cochlea'- 
ris  seu  triq'uetra,  Fora'men  rotun'dum.  It  is 
closed  by  a  fine,  transparent  membrane,  called 


maxillary  fissure—/.  Spheno-maxillaire,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal 
fissure. 

FEXUGREC,  Trigonella  fcenum. 

FEXU GREEK,  Trigonella  fcenum. 

FER,  Ferrum — f.  Acetate  de,  Ferri  acetas — /. 
Bromure  de,  see  Bromine — •/.  Carbonate  de,  Ferri 
!  protocarbonas — /.  Carbure  de,  Graphites — /. 
Chaud,  Pyrosis — /.  Hydrate  de,  tritoxide  de, 
JEtites— ■/.  Hydriodate  de,  see  Ferri  iodidum — /. 
Iodure  de,  Ferri  iodidum,  see  Iodine — /.  Lactate 
.j  de,  Ferri  Lactas — /.  Limaille  de,  Ferri  limatura 
— f.  Perchlorure  de,  Ferri  chloridum — /.  Peroxide 
j  de,  Ferri  subcarbonas — /.  et  de  Potasse,  tartrate 
|  de,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.  et  de  Potassium,  cya- 
nure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanuretum — /.  et  de  Po- 
tassium, protocyanure  de,  Potassii  Ferroeyannre- 
tum— /.  Reduit  par  Vhydrogene,  Ferri  pulvis — /. 
Sulphate  de,  Ferri  Sulphas—;/'.  Sulphure  de,  Ferri 
'  Sulphuretum — /.  Tannate  de,  Ferri  tannas — /. 
|  Trichlorure  de,  Ferri  chloridum — /.  Valerianate 
de,  Ferri  Valerianas. 

FERALIS  PEDICULUS,  see  Pediculus. 

FERIXE,  Feri'nus;  "savage,  brutal;'  from 
fera,  'a  wild  beast.'  Therio'des.  A  term,  ap- 
plied to  any  malignant  or  noxious  disease.  In 
France  it  is  used  only  when  joined  to  Toux ; 
Toux  ferine,  a  dry,  obstinate,  and  painful  cough. 

FERMEXT,  Fermen'tum,  (quasi  fervimentum, 
from  ferveo,  'I  burn,  I  ferment,')  Zyma,  Zymo'- 
ma,  Leven,  (F.)  Levain.  The  Iatrochymists  ap- 
plied this  name  to  imaginary  substances,  Fer- 
men'ta  mor'bi,  to  which  they  attributed  the  power 
of  producing  disease,  by  exciting  a  fermentation 
in  the  humours. 

FERMEXTA'TIOX,  Fermenta'tio,  Zymo'sis, 
JEstua'tio,  Causis,  Brasmos.  Same  etymon.  An 
intestinal  movement,  occurring  spontaneously  in 
a  liquid;  whence  result  certain  substances,  that 
did  not  previously  exist  in  it. 

The  chemical  physicians  attributed  all  diseases 
to  an  imaginary  fermentation  of  the  humours. 

Fermentation,  Putrefactive,  Putrefaction. 

FERMEXTUM  CEREVISLE,  Test— f.  Morbi, 
Ferment — f.  Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

FERN,  BUSH,  Comptonia  asplenifolia— f.  Cin- 
namon, Osmunda  cinnamomea  —  f.  Eagle.  Pteris 
aquilina  —  f.  Female,  Asplenium  filix  foemina, 
Pteris  aquilina — f.  Flowering.  Osmunda  regalis — 
f.  Gale,  Comptonia  asplenifolia  —  f.  Male.  Poly- 
podium  filix  mas — f.  Meadow,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia—  f.  Rock,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  f.  Root, 
Polypodium  vulgare  —  f.  Sweet,  Adiantum  peda- 


FEI1XAMBUC0   WOOD 


r.s 


ferri  niosriiAS 


turn.  Comptonia  asplenifolia — f.  Sweet,  shrubby, 
Comptonia  aspleaifolia. 

FERNAMBUCO  WOOD,  Csesalpinia  echinata. 

PERNFRECKLED,  Bpbelides. 

FERNITICKLES,  Bpbelides, 

FERO'NIA  ELEPHAN'TDM,  (frum  the  god- 
!'  India.  Order  Auranti- 
irhiefa   yields   a   gum    olosely  resembling 
Gum  Arabic.     I>r.  Pereira  thinks  it  not  impro- 
bable, that  a  part  of  the  East  India  y»'»  taken  to 
Bngland  may  be  the  produce  of  this  tree.     The 
re  aromatic,  of  an  odour  resembling  anise, 
use  1  M  :i  carminative. 
RAMEN'TUM,   Sidt  'no*,    Tnstntmen'ttm 
fer' renin,  from  ferrum,  '  imn.'      Any  surgical   in- 
strument made  of  iron.    By  the  vulgar,  in  France, 
the  word  ft  m  ana  the  instrument*  used 

in  difficult  la 

FERRARI  \.  Scrophularia  aqua! 

PERRATUS,  Chalyb 

:!-:i\,  CANAL  OF,  Ductus  Ferrei'ni.  A 
lar  channel,  which  Ferreio  Bopposed  t'i 
result  from  the  approximation  of  the  tree  edges 
of  the  eyelids  applied  to  the  globe  of  the  eye: 
nnd  which  he  considered  adapted  for  directing 
the  tears  towards  the  puneta  lacrymalia,  during 
sleep.     The  canal  i>.  probably,  imaginary. 

The  same  name  is  likewise  given  to  the  corti- 
cal ciH'i'., —  the  first  portions  of  the  urinit'erous 
duct-,  whilst,  still  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney. 

Fbbrbtbt,  Ptr'artbs  of.  Pyram'idet  Ferrei'ni. 
Bach  of  t'i.''  papilla  of  the  kidney,  according  to 
Ferrei'  .  of,    at    least,    700    subordinate 

tanea  or  pyramids.  To  these  last  the  names  '/>;/- 
rami'/-  i  ,i  id.  *  rena'les  Ferrei'ni, 

■  'H    pyramida'les,     Fas'eieuli    eortiea'lee, 
Loh'ui'i  renunt,  have  been  given. 

FERRI     ACE'TAS,    Extrac'tum   mortis   ace'ti- 
ciim.  Ace'ticum  martia'le,  Ae"etate  of  Iron,  Iron 
Li'jnor.  (F.)   Aeitate  defer.     A   preparation   of 
the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia,  made  by  dig 
part  <•:  iron  in  6  parts  of  acetic  acid 

for  three  days,  and  tittering.  Dose,  as  a  tonic 
and  astringent.  TT^v  to  TT^xx.  in  water. 

Fki:  5  naa  —  f.  et  Ammo- 

rias,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  —  f.  Ammonio- 
ehloridum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

FBRRI  kt  Ai.i'min.k  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Iron 

awl  Alumina,  i<  made  by  treating  biearbonated 

solution  of  xi. ft   iron  and  carbonated  eolation  of 

'■   alumina,  with  sulphuric  acid.      It 

>mmended  aa  a  valuable  astringent. 

Dnse,  from  five  to  ten  grains. 

Fbrri  Ammo'kio-citras,  Ammonia  ft  rro-eiirae, 
ferrum  tco-cit'ricum,     Ammonio-citrate 

of  iron.  Citrate  of  ammonia  and  iron.  Prepared 
by  adding  ammonia  to  citrate  <>/'  iron,  so  as  to 
neutralize  tl  .  gr.  v.  to  gr. 

viij.      A   1'  •'  L83IO  ClTRAl  B    and  a  SoDl  I  I  'i  i  RATE 

Of  !;•.■•     dso  l a  intr  riuced  :   and  n  Ci- 

tratk  of  the  M  ignbtic  Oxidm  of  Ii;o\  prepared 
by  combining  the  magnetic  oxide  with  citric  acid. 

Fbrri  Amhorio-tartras,  Ammonio-tari 
Iron.     Thia  sail   ia  besl   made  by  dissolving  to 
saturation  freshly  precipitated  hydrated   • 
iron  in  a   solution   of  bitartrate  of  ammonia,  and 
tvaporatii  g  to  dryness.     It  ia  rerysolubl 

grains  or  more  in  pill  or  solution. 

-.   ^rseniate  of  Iron — f.  Borus- 
■ias,  Pi  issi  in  'due — f.  Bromidum,  see  Bromine — 

ibearbonas  —  f.  Carboi 
obaratum,  see  F.  Protocarhonaa — f.  Carbonaa  cum 
i  Protocarhonaa  -  -  f.  Carbona- 

tum.  Grapbil f.  Carhuretum,  Graphil 

i   Chlo'riduk,   /•'.  Seequichla'ridum,  (F.) 
Triehlt  ;', ,-.  Chlor 

quiehlc  Iron,   \< 

obtain'  chloride  of  iron  ia 

2b 


chlorohydric  acid.     It  is  generally  prescribed   in 

a  of  Tinctura   Ferri  ChloridL      A 
trated  solution  of  the  perchloride  has  been  need 
as  an  injection  for  the  radical  cure  of  aneurism. 
Fbrri    Citrab,    Femtn   cit'ricum,    Citra 

Iron.      Two    citrates    of    iron    are    prepared  —  the 
Sesquicitrate  or  CitraU    of  the  Sesquioxid 
the  Citrate  of  the  Protoxide.     The  former 

einal  in  the  Ph.  V.  8.    They  resemble,  in  their 
medical    properties,   the   tartrate   and   tic   lactate 

of  the  metal.      1»  ■  -••.  f;\r  grains  or  re 

Fbrri  Ctardrbti  u,  Prussian  him  t.  Deul  - 
carbonaa  rasens,  F.  subcarhonaa — f.  Deutoxydutu 

nigrum,  JSthiops  martial  —  f.  Ferrocyanas,   Pjm*- 
sian  blue — f.  Ferroeyanuretum,  Prussian  blue. 

Fbrri  Fildm.  The  pharmacopoeia!  name  of 
iron  wire. 

Fbrri  Htdriodab,  F.  Iodidum  —  f.  Hydro. 
oyanas,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Hypercarburetum, 
Graphites. 

Fkrhi  Io'pph'm.  F.  lodnre'tum,  Ft  rrum  ioda'm 
tinn,  Iodide,  or  Joduret  of  Iron.  (F.)  Todure  ■  '.. 
fer;  in  solution,  Tfydri'adnte  of  Iron.  Ferri  hy- 
dri'odae,  Ferrum  hydrioda'tum,  (F.)  Hydriodate 

India.  t^ij,  Ferri  rum., it.  ^j.  Aq.dt 
Oiss.)     Mix  the  iodine  with  a  pint  of  the  distilled 
water,  in   a  porcelain  or  glass  vessel,  and  gradu- 
ally   add    the    iron    tilings,    stirring 
Heat  the  mixture  gently  until  the  liquid  acquir<  i 
a  light  greenish  colour:  then  filter:  and.  alter  tl  a 
liquid  has  passed,  pour  upon  the  filter  hall 
of  the    distilled   water,    boiling    hot.      \\ '!. 
has    passed,    evaporate    the   filtered    liquor,    at    a 
temperature  not  exceeding   '212°.  in  an  iron  ves- 
sel, to  dryness;   keep   the  dry  iodide   in  a 
Stopped  bottle,     (Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr. 
x  or  more. 

FBRRI  IoDURBTUR,  F.  Iodidum. 

Fbrri  Lactas,  Ferrum  lac'ticum,  Lactate  of 
Iron,  L.  of  Protox'ide  of  Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  a'* 
Fer.  Prepared  hy  digesting  in  a  sand-bath,  at  i 
low  temperature,  diluted  lactic  acid  with  iron 
filings.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
precipitated  suboarbonate  of  iron,  and  especially 
in  chlorosis.  Twelve  grains  of  the  lactate  may 
he  given  in  the  21  hours,  in  the  form  of  lozenge.*. 

Fbrri  Limatu'ra  Pdrifica'ta,  /'"'./, 
Filings:  —  purified  by  means  of  the  magnet,  f'-r 
internal  use.  The  filings  are,  also,  called  Ferri 
Scobs,  F.  Ramen'ta  et  Fila,  Mortis  Limatu'ra, 
Spec'ulum  In'dicum,  Ferri  in  pul'verem  resolu'tio, 
(P.)  Limaille  de  Fer.  They  are  considered  to 
the  general  properties  of  iron: — the  iron 
becoming  oxidized. 

Fbrri  bi  Magnb'sije  Cttras,  Citrate  of  iron 
owl  mague'sia,  is  prepared  hy  dissolving  hydra- 
ted  oxide  of  iron  in  a  solution  of  citric  acid,  satu- 
rated with  carbonate  of  magnesia,  ami 
ting  to  dryness.  It  i<  soluble  in  water,  and  does 
not  constipate.  Dose,  from  four  grains  to  fifteen, 
in  solution. 

FBRRI  Xitkas.  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis  —  f. 
Xitratis  Liquor,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis — f.  Ox- 
iilum  Fuscum,  F.  Bubcarbonas— f.  Oxidnm  bydrn- 
tiim,  Ferrum  oxydatum  bydratum  —  f.  Oxidun) 
Magneticum,  Oxydum  Ferri  nigrum  — f.  0 
Nigrum,  Oxydum  Ferri  nigrum  —  f.  Oxidum  ru- 
brum,  Colcuthar,  Ferri  subcarbonaa  —  f.  Oxidutn 
bydratum,  Ferrum  oxydum  bydratum  -  f.  Per- 
eyanidnm,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Peroxydum  bydra- 
tum, Ferrum  oxydatum  bydratum  —  f.  i 
quinitras,  Bee  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis. 

Fbrri    PH08PHA8,    Phosphate  of  Tron, 
Sulphat.  5v,  Smlcr   Phosphat.  Jvi,    ' 
Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron   and   phosphate  '  f 
soda,  severally,  in   four  pints  of  the  wal 
mix  the  solutions,  and  set  the  mixture  hy,  that 
tli"  powder  may  subside;  lastly,  having  poured 
off  the  supernatant   liquor,   wash   the  phosphate 


FERRI   PILA 


3  8  6 


FERRUM 


of  iron  with  water,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle  heat. 
—  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  to  10  grains  as  a  chaly- 
beate.     Rarely  used. 

Ferri  Pi  la,  F.  lima  tar  a — f.  et  Potassae  tartras, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.  Pdtassio-citras,  see  Ferri 
ammonio-eitras — f.  Potassio-tartras,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum. 

FERRI  Protocar'boxas,  Protocar'bonate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Fer.  The  protocarbo- 
nate  of  iron,  thrown  down  from  a  solution  of  the 
sulphate  of  iron  by  the  carbonate  of  soda,  readily 
attracts  oxygen  and  becomes  converted  into  the 
sesquioxide.  To  prevent  this,  it  may  be  asso- 
ciated with  honey  and  sugar,  and  the  mixture  be 
reduced  by  evaporation  to  a  pilular  consistence. 
The  mass  constitutes  the  Ferru'giuoua  Pills,  Pi- 
fnles  ferrugineuaea,  of  Vallet,  Vallet'a  Pills.  See 
Pilula;  Ferri  Carbonatis.  The  Edinburgh  Phar- 
macopoeia contains  the  Ferri  Gar'bouna  Saecha- 
ra'tttm,  Ferri  Car'bonas  cum  Sac'charo,  Sac'cha- 
ritie  Car'bonate  of  Iron,  prepared  in  this  manner. 
It  is  the  Ferrum  Carboti'icum  Saccharatum  of 
Klauer. 

The  protocarbonate  is  given  in  the  same  dis- 
eases as  the  lactate  of  iron  ;  ten  or  fifteen  grains 
in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Ferri  Protosulphas  Viridis,  F.  Sulphas — f. 
Prussias,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Pulvis,  Fer  reduit,  F.  reduit  par  Vhy- 
drogene,  Ferrum  metal'licum,  Powder  of  iron, 
ltedu'ced  Iron,  Quevcnne's  Iron,  prepared  by  pass- 
ing a  stream  of  hydrogen  gas  over  the  sesquioxide 
of  iron.,  contained  in  an  iron  or  porcelain  tube 
heated  to  low  redness.  It  is  very  liable  to  be- 
come oxidated,  and  must  be  kept  in  a  dry,  well- 
stopped  bottle.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  anae- 
mic, and  especially  in  chlorotic  cases.  The  ordi- 
nary dose  is  three  to  six  grains,  or  more,  three 
times  a  day,  in  pill  made  with  sugar  and  gum. 
A  formula  for  its  preparation  is  given  in  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1851). 

Ferri  et  Qui'nije  Citras,  Ferrum  et  Chini'num 
cit'ricum,  Citrate  of  Iron  and  Qui'nia,  formed  by 
the  union  of  four  parts  of  citrate  of  iron  and  one 
part  of  citrate  of  quintet,  has  been  prescribed  in 
cases  where  a  combination  of  these  tonics  is  indi- 
cated. 

Ferri  R amenta,  F.  Iimatura  —  f.  Rubigo,  F. 
Subcarbonas  —  f.  Scobs,  F.  liinatura — f.  Sesqui- 
chloridum,  Ferri  chloridum — f.  Sesquioxidum,  F. 
subcarbonas  praecipitatus. 

Ferri  Sesquinitratis,  Liquor,  see  Tinctura 
Ferri  muriatis — f.  Sodio-tartras,  see  Ferri  et  ain- 
rnonio-citras. 

Ferri  Su'bcar'bonas,  F.  Car'bonas,  F.  Rubi'go, 
Ferrum  pracipita'tum,  Chal'ybia  Rubi'go  prcepa- 
ra'ta.  (The  last  two  terms,  as  well  as  Ferru'go, 
are  applied  to  the  subcarbonate  or  rust,  uEru'go 
Ferri,  Cacaferri,  formed  by  the  action  of  moist 
air  on  metallic  iron.)  A  protoxide  of  iron,  oxi- 
dized by  the  decomposition  of  water;  the  carbonic 
acid  being  attracted  from  the  air.  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
gts  and  more. 

Ferri  Subcarbonas  may  be  precipitated  from 
sulphate  of  iron  by  carbonate  of  soda.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  formula  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States:  —  Ferri  sulph.  ^viij:  sodce  carb. 
3jix;  aqua  bullient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda  severally  in  four 
pints  of  the  water,  then  mix  the  solutions,  and, 
having  stirred  the  mixture,  set  it  by  that  the 
powder  may  subside:  having  poured  off  the 
liquor,  wash  the  subcarbonate  with  hot  water, 
wrap  it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.  It  is,  also,  called  Ferri  aeaquiox'idum, 
Ox' id  urn  ferri  fuscum,  0.  ferri  rubrum,  Deuto- 
car'bonus  Ferri  fuacua,   Crocus  martia  ape'riens, 


Sesquioxide  or  peroxide  of  iron,  (F.)  Peroxide  de 
fer,  Snfran  de  Mars  aperitif. 

Ferri  Sulphas,  Sal  Martia,  Vitrio'lum  Martia 
seu  Ferri,  Ferrum  Yitriola'tum,  Sulphas  seu  Pro- 
tosulphas Ferri  vir'idis,  Calead'iuum,  Cal'eatar, 
Cal'cotar,  Chalcatt'thum,  Calcite'a,  Atramen'tum 
suto'rittm,  Vit'riol,  Vitrio'lum  viride,  Ati'ima 
Hep'atis,  Sulphate  of  Iron,  Green  Vitriol,  Cop. 
I  peras.  (F.)  Sulfate  defer.  The  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States  directs  it  to  be  made  by  the 
action  of  sulphuric  acid  ^xviij,  on  iron  wire,  cut 
in  pieces,  ^xij — water,  a,  gallon  —  evaporating, 
crystallizing,  and  drying  the  crystals  on  bibulous 
paper.  This  salt  is  inodorous,  and  of  a  strong 
styptic  taste.  The  crystals  are  light  green,  trans- 
parent, rhoiuboidal;  and  soluble  in  two  parts  of 
water.  It  is  tonic  and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr. 
j.  to  vj  and  more. 

Ferri  Sulphas  Calcixatum,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Sulphas  Exsicca'tum,  Ferri  Sulphas 
sicca'tum,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  Sulphate  of' 
Iron  exposed  to  a  moderate  heat,  until  it  is  capa- 
ble of  being  reduced  to  powder.  In  this  form  it 
can  be  made  into  pills.  Three  grains  may  be 
esteemed  equivalent  to  five  of  the  crystallized 
salt, 

Ferri  Sulphure'tum,  Sul'phuret  of  Iron,  Iron 
pyri'tea,  (F.)  Sulfure  defer;  maybe  made  by 
heating  one  part  of  sublimed  enlphvr,  over  three 
parts  of  iron  filings  in  a  crucible  until  the  mass 
begins  to  glow.  It  is  employed  as  a  ready  means 
for  obtaining  hydrosulphuric  acid  gas  by  the  ad- 
dition of  sulphuric  or  chlorohydric  acid. 

Ferri  Taxxas,  Ferrum  tan'nicum,  Tannate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Tannate  de  fer.  This  salt  is  usually 
obtained  by  adding  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  sesqni- 
oxide  of  iron,  as  the  persulphate,  to  a  decoction 
of  nut-galls.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent properties,  and  has  been  extolled,  especially 
in  chlorosis. 

Ferri  Tartarum,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — f. 
Tritoxydum,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Valeria'xas,  Ferrum  Valeria' nicum, 
Vale'rianate  of  Iron,  (F.)  Valerianate  de  fer. 
Formed  by  the  action  of  valerianic,  acid  on  oxide 
of  iron.  It  is  a  dark  brick-red  powder,  insoluble 
in  water,  and  has  been  given  in  hysteria  compli- 
cating chlorosis.  Dose,  from  two  to  four  grains. 
The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  of  1850  has  a  formula 
for  this  salt. 

FERRICUS  HYDRAS,  Ferrum  oxydum  hy- 
dratum. 

FERRO-MAN'GANIC,  Ferro-mangan'icus. 
Composed  of  iron  and  manganese — as  a  "ferro- 
manganic  preparation." 

FERRUGIXEOUS.  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGINOUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum  oxy 
datum  hvdratum. 

FERRUM,  Mars,  Side'ros,  Metal'lum  hcetnato- 
poet'icum,  Iron,  (F.)  Fer.  A  metal  of  a  bluish- 
gray  colour ;  fibrous  texture;  brilliant  and  fine- 
grained fracture.  Specific  gravity  7*600  to  7"800; 
hard,  ductile,  malleable,  and  magnetic.  The  me- 
dicinal virtues  of  iron  are  tonic;  producing  fetid 
eructations,  when  it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its 
meeting  with  acid  in  the  stomach,  which  oxidizes 
it,  and  causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  gas. 
When  given  in  the  metallic  state,  the  filings  are 
chief!}'  used ;  but  the  oxides  and  salts  are  most 
commonly  employed. 

Ferrum  Ammoxiacale,  F.  ammoniatum  —  f. 
Amtnoniaco-citricum,  Ferri  ammonio-eitras. 

Ferrum  Ammoxia'tum,  F.  ammoniaca'le.  Mn'- 
rias  Ammo'ttice  et  Ferri,  Ferri  ammo' nio-chlo' ri- 
dnm,  Flares  martia'les  seu  salt's  ammotti'aii  mar- 
tia'/es,  Ens  martia  seu  Ven'eris  Boy'lei,  Sol 
martia  muriat'icum  sublima'tum,  S.  ammoni' actitn 
martia' le,    Ammo' ni am    muriat'icum    martia' turn 


FERRUM 


387 


FEVER 


sen  martin'le,  Ammoui'dcum  hi/drochlorn'tum  ft r- 
fi'tum,  Aroph  Paraeel'ti,  Calen'dula  tninera'let, 

Ammo' niated     Iron,    Ammo' nio-chloride    of    Iron, 

i [P.  i  Muriate  oVamtnoniaqu*  et  defer.  A  mixture 
of  the  hydro-chloratea  of  ammonia  and  iron.  [?] 
[Ferri  Subearb.  ,^iij;  acid  muriat.  I'^v;  amnion. 

hiiirint.  fbijss:  aa.  destillnt.  Oiv.  Mix  the  sub- 
earbonate  with  the  acid  in  a  glass  vessel  and 
digest  for  two  hours;  then  add  the  muriate  pre- 
viously dissolved  in  distilled  water,  and  having 
filtered  the  liquor,  evaporate  to  dryness.  Hub  to 
powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xv. 

FBRRUM  ArsBNIATUM,  Arsenlate  of  iron  —  f. 
Arsenicioum  oxydulatum,  Arseniate  of  iron  —  f. 
Borussicum,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Bromatum,  see 
Bromine  —  f.  Carbonicum  Saccharatum,  Ferri 
protocarbonas  —  f.  et  Ghininum  eitrioum,  Ferri 
eftras  —  f.  Citricum,  Ferri  eitras  —  f.  Cyanogena- 
tum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Haematites,  Samatites — 
f.  II ydriodatum.  see  Ferri  iodidum — f.  Hydro- 
bromicum  oxy  datum,  see  Bromine — f.  Lacticum, 
Bee  Ferri  lactas — f.  Magnes  attractorium,  Magnet 
— f.  Metallicum,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Fbrrum  Oxyda'tum  Htdra'toti,  Ferri  O.d- 
dum  Hydra' turn  (Ph.  U.  S.)  sen  Perox'ydum  Hy- 
dra'ttim,  Ferru'go,  Hydra*  Fer'ricue,  Hydro-oxide 
of  Iron,  Hydra' ted  peroxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated 
Tritoxide  of  Iron.  It  may  be  prepared  by  taking 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron,  increasing  its  dose 
of  oxygen  by  heating  it  with  nitric  acid,  and  pre- 
cipitating the  oxide  by  adding  pure  ammonia  in 
.  washing  the  precipitate,  and  keeping  it 
moist. 

The  following  is  the  formula  adopted  by  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States:  Ferri  SuTph. 
J^'ir;  arid.  sulphuric,  f^'iiss;  acid,  nitric.  f^vi, 
vol  4.  8.,  Liq  nmmonia>.  q.  s.,  aqua  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  iron  in  the  water,  and  having 
added  the  sulphuric  acid  boil  the  solution:  then 
add  the  nitric  acid  in  small  portions,  boiling  the 
liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addition, 
until  the  acid  ceases  to  produce  a  dark  colour. 
Filter  the  liquid,  allow  it  to  cool,  and  add  the 
liquor  ammonia:  in  excess,  stirring  the  mixture 
briskly;  wash  the  precipitate  with  water,  until 
the  washings  cease  to  yield  a  precipitate  with 
ehloride  of  barium,  and  keep  it  close  in  bottles 
with  water  sufficient  to  cover  it. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  an  antidote  to 
arsenic  :  and  many  cases  of  its  efficacy  have  been 
published. 

From  10  to  20  parts  of  the  hydrated  oxide 
Would  seem  to  be  more  than  sufficient  to  convert 
1  part  of  arsenious  acid  into  the  basic  salt  of  iron. 

FBRRUM  OxTDULATUII  HyDROCTANICDM.  Prus- 
sian blue— f.  Potabile,  F.  tartarizatum — f.  Prseci- 
im,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

Fbrrum  Tarricum,  Ferri  tannas. 

Fbrrum  Tartariza'tum,   Tartrat  Potas'sa  et 

Tar'tamm  Ferri,  Ferri  rt  fotassa-.  Tartrat, 

(Ph.  I  .  S.  i   Tar'tarut  ehalybea'txu  «eu  martia'li*, 

M '//•»  tolu'bilie,   Ckalybs  tartariza'tue,  Ferri  po- 

taee'io-tartrat,  Tartrat  kal'ieo-fer'rieut  sea   Po- 

t>i*'»rr    ferrugino' tut,    Ferrum    potab'ili,    Olobut 

wtartia'lit,  Glob'uli  Tar'tari  martia'let  seu  mar- 

tia'let  toln'ti  sen  martia'ti  sen  tartra'tit  ferri  et 

t,  Boli   Ifartie,  Pyri  martia'le*,  Tartarized 

Tartrate  of  Potaeta  and  Iron,  (  F. )  Tartrate 

■  defer,  BouU  de   Man  on  de  Nancy 

m  il.  MoUheim  oa  iTAcier.    {Ferri  aubearb.  5iij, 

'  id.    muriat.    f5x;    Liquor    Potaeem,    Ovs«; 

/'"'"»,.  BitarL  j^vrjss,  Aqnm  dettiUat.  oong.  i—. 

•  lubearbonate  of  iron  and  the  muriatic 

Ul  1  digest  for  two  hours  :    pour  the  solution 

gallon  of  the  distilled  water;  set  aside  for 

an  lionr.  and  pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor. 

Po  tins  add  the  liquor  potasses  :  wash  the  preoipi- 

freqnentiy  with  water,  and  while  yet 

BIB  it  with   the   bitartrate  of  potBSBB  Bad 


half  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water.  Keep  the 
mixture  at  the  temperature  of  1  10°  for  30  hours, 
frequently  stirring;  filter  the  solution,  and  evapo- 
rate by  means  of  a  water  bath,  at  the  same  tem- 
perature, to  dryness. — (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  one  of 
the  mildest  of  the  salts  of  iron,  and  not  unpala- 
table.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  *,<<. 

The  TiiKtn'm  Marti*  Aperiti'va,  Tincture  of 
Ludwig  ;  Al'eohol  cum  Sulpha' ti  Ferri  tartarita'- 

ttM  ;  Tim-turn  Marti*  Qlauberi  is,  osmtially,  a 
solution  of  this  salt.  It  is  also  called  Ban  de 
Bottle,  and  is  used  in  contusions. 

//<  frrtius-'n  Styptic  was  composed  of  the  filings 
of  iron  and  tartar,  mixed  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  French  brandy.  It  was  sailed  in  England 
Eaton' x  Styptic}  but  this  is  now  formed  of  Sul- 
phate of  Iron. 

Fbrrum  Valbriaiticum',  Ferri  Valerianae  —  f. 

Vitriolatum,  Ferri  sulphas — f.  Vitriolatum  ustum, 
Colcothar — f.  Zooticum,  Prussian  blue. 

FBRS.fi,  Rubeola. 

FERTILITY,  Fecundity. 

FER'ULA,  Fanon,  Pah  tte.  Splint— f.  African  a, 
Bubon  galbanum — f.  Asafoptida.  see  Asafoetida — 
f.  Qraveolens,  Anetbum  grareolens —  f.  Opnpo- 
nax,  Pastinaca  opoponax — •  f .  Persica,  see  Saga- 
penum — f.  Tingitnna,  see  Ammoniac,  gum. 

FERUS,   Homicidal. 

FESISIAN,  Physician. 

FESSES,  Nates. 

FESSIER,  Gluteal—/.  Grand,  Gluteus  maxi- 
mus — /.  Moyen,  Gluteus  medius — /.  Petit,  Glu- 
teus minimus. 

FESTER.  A  word  of  unknown  etymology, 
which  signifies  to  corrupt  or  rankle:  and,  when 
applied  to  a  sore,  means  to  suppurate,  or  rather 
to  discharge  a  thin  fluid  as  an  evidence  of  its 
being  irritated. 

FETID,  Fie'tidu*,  Dyso'des,  Oaco'des,  Iiromo'- 
8us,  Grav'eolene.     Having  a  bad  smell. 

FETUS,  Foetus,  Pregnant. 

FEU  ACTUS L,  Cauterium— /.  Pertigue,  Her- 
pes zoster,  see  Anthrax—;/'.  Potential,  see  Caute- 
rium— /.  Sucre,  Erysipelas — /.  St.  Antoine,  Ery- 
sipelas—/.  Sauvage,  Ignis  sylvaticus— f.  Volage, 
Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FEUILLET,  Omasum;  sec  Tnche  emhryon- 
naire. 

FEUX  DE  DENTS,  Strophulus—/.  Volage*, 
Porrigo  larvalis. 

I' EVE,  Vicia  faba — ■/.  de  Carthaghie,  Habilla 
de  Carthagena — /.  it  Oochon,  Hyoscyamus — /• 
Epaiete,  Sedum  telephium — f.  de*  Marat*,  Vicia 
faba — /.  de.  Sainte  Tgnnce,  Ignatia  amara — /. 
Purgatif,  Rieinus  communis. 

FEVER,  Febri*,  from  ferita*,  'wildness,'  or 
tram  fervor,  'heat,'  or  from  februo,  'I  purify:' 
/'//'-,  Pi/r'etos,  iTvptros,  (F.)  Fi&ore.  One  of  tho 
most  frequent  and  dangerous  affections  to  which 
the  body  is  liable.  A  person  baa  an  attack  of 
fever,  when  he  is  affected  with  rigors,  followed  by 
increased  heat  of  skin,  quick  pulse,  languor,  and 
lassitude.      Rigors,  increased  hear,  and  frequency 

of  pulse  have  each  been  assum  id  as  t| ssential 

character  of  fever.  It  is  nol  characterized,  how- 
ever, by  any  one,  but  depends  upon  the  coexist- 
ence of  many  symptoms.  Fevers  have  been  usu- 
ally divided  into  idiopathic  or  eetential,  and  into 
tyniptomatic.  The  idiopathic  arise  without  any 
obvious  local  cause.  The  symptomatic  are  de- 
pendent upon  local  irritation.  Idiopathic  fevers 
may  he  divided    into    three    clasS68 :    I.  Those    at- 

tended  with  distinct  paroxysms:  — in termittents. 
2.  Remittent  and  continued  fevers :  and,  '■'>.  V  'vers 
complicated  with    eruptions,  or  the  exanthema- 

tons.      These   divisions    admit     of    great     variety, 

owing  to  climate,  season,  soil,  age,  Ac.    All  ages 

and  climates  are  liable  to  fever;   and  its  exciting 


FEVER 


38 


FEVER 


causes  are  very  numerous.  These  causes  may  be 
common;  as  irritations  in  the  intestines;  external 
injuries,  stimulants.  &c. ;  or  they  may  be  specific  ; 
as  miasmata,  contagion,  &c.  The  greatest  diver- 
sity has  prevailed  regarding  the  theory  of  fever. 
Its  primary  seat  has  been  placed  in  the  brain, 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  intestines, 
skin,  nerves,  blood-vessels,  liver,  vena  cava,  pan- 
creas. Ac.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  al- 
though, in  fever,  the  whole  of  the  functions  are 
morbidly  impressed,  the  arguments  in  favour  of 
the  impression  being  first  made  on  the  nervous 
system  and  the  system  of  nutrition  are  the 
strongest.  The  exciting  cause  of  fever,  whatever 
it  may  he,  produces  an  irregular  action  in  the 
system  of  nutrition,  which  is  soon  conveyed  to  the 
rest  of  the  system,  owing  to  the  extensive  sym- 
pathy which  exists  between  every  part  of  the 
body;  and  it  is  probable,  that  all  those  local  in- 
flammations and  congestions  are  the  consequence, 
rather  than  the  cause,  of  this  disordered  condi- 
tion of  the  system.  The  general  character  of 
fever  is  clearly  shown  by  examination  of  the 
blood.  When  fever  is  devoid  of  inflammatory 
complication,  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  in  no  case 
augmented.  It  frequently  remains  in  the  healthy 
proportion,  and  at  times  diminishes  to  an  extent 
not  met  with  in  any  other  acute  disease.  The 
alteration  of  the  blood  in  fevers,  which  consists 
generally  in  a  diminution  of  the  fibrinous  element, 
is  the  reverse  of  what  occurs  in  inflammation. 

Many  phenomena  of  fever  are  influenced  by 
that  periodicity,  which  we  notice  in  the  execution 
of  several  of  the  functions  of  the  body.  The 
types  of  intermittents  are  strong  evidences  of 
such  an  influence. 

In  the  treatment  of  fever,  it  is  important  to  bear 
in  mind.  1.  Its  tendency,  particularly  in  the  case 
of  the  exanthemata,  to  run  a  definite  course,  and 
terminate  in  restoration  to  health.  2.  The  dispo- 
sition to  local  determination  or  hypera?mia?  : — 
the  most  frequent  cause  of  the  fatal  termination 
of  fever:  a  circumstance  requiring  the  vigilant 
attention  of  the  physician.  3.  That  the  symp- 
toms must  be  attentively  studied,  in  order  to  de- 
duce, as  far  as  possible  from  them,  the  indications 
of  cure.  Lastly,  attention  must  be  paid  to  the 
prevalent  epidemic.  There  are  particular  seasons 
in  which  fevers  are  very  malignant;  and  others 
in  which  they  are  as  mild  :  circumstances  which 
necessarily  have  an  effect  upon  the  treatment. 

Fever  and  Ague,  Intermittent  Fever  —  f.  Ac- 
climating, F.  strangers.' 

Fever,  Ade'xo-Mexixge'al,  Febris  ade'no- 
weninge'a  seu  rnesenter'ica  (Baglivi,)  seu  muco'sa, 
Morbus  muco'sus,  Gastro-duodenop'yra,  Mucous 
or  Pitu'itous  or  Catar'rhal  Fev-er,  Phlegmap'yra, 
Phlegm  op' yra,  Phlegmatop'yra,  G 'astro-  Bronchi' - 
tis.  Fever,  accompanied  with  considerable  mu- 
cous secretion ;  especially  from  the  digestive 
tube. 

Fever,  Adexo-Nervous,  Plague. 

Fever,  Advxam'ic,  Febris  adynam'ica,  Asthe- 
iiicop'yra,  Asthenicopyr'  etus,  Asthenop'ora,  Asthe- 
nopyr'etus.  Fever  attended  with  great  prostra- 
tion of  the  vital  powers — as  Typhoid  and  Typhus 
fever. 

Fever,  Af'ricax,  Febris  A/riea'na.  The  ma- 
lignant bilious  remittent  fever,  which  prevails  on 
the  western  coast  of  Africa, 

Fever,  Algid,  see  Algidus. 

Fever,  Axom'alovs,  Febris  Anom'ala  seu  er- 
rat'ica  seu  irregnla'ris  seu  vaga.  A  fever,  whose 
progress  and  type  are  irregular. 

Fever,  Aphox'ic,  Febris  apho'nica.  A  variety 
of  intermittent,  in  which  the  voice  is  lost  during 
the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Apoplec'tic,  Febris  apoplec'tica  seu 
comato'des  seu  lethar'gica  seu  soporo'sa,  Com'a- 


tose  Fever.     An  intermittent  or  continued  fever* 
attended  with  apoplectic  symptoms. 

Fever.  Articular  Eruptive,  Dengue — f.  Ar- 
ticular rheumatic.  Dengue. 

Fever,  Artificial,  Febris  artificia'lia  seu 
arte  promo'ta.  Fever  produced  designedly  by 
the  internal  or  external  use  of  stimulants. 

Fever,  Asthex'ic,  Febris  asthen'ica.  Fever 
accompanied  with  debility.  It  may  include  every 
variety  of  fever  under  certain  circumstances,  but 
is  generally  appropriated  to  typhus. 

Fever,  Asthmat'ic,  Febris  asthmat'icn.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  asthma. 

Fever,  Ataxo-adyxam'ic,  Febris  atax'o-ady- 
nam'ica.  Fever  characterized  by  symptoms  of 
ataxia  and  adynamia. 

Fever,  Barceloxa,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate  fever. 

Fever,  Bil'ious,  Febris  bilio'sa  seu  polychol' - 
ica  seu  aso'des  seu  choler'ica  seu  gas'trica  seu 
hepat'ica  seu  cholepyret'ica,  Cholep'yra,  Cho- 
lepyr'etus,  Hepatogastrocholo'sis,  Futerop'yra 
bilio'sa,  Choloze'mia  febri'lis,  Syn'ochus  bilio'sn. 
The  common  remittent  fever  of  summer  and 
autumn  ;  generally  supposed  to  be  owing  to.  or 
connected  with,  derangement  of  the  biliary  system. 

Fever,  Bilious  Remittixg,  Yellow,  Fever, 
yellow — f.  Bladdery,  Pemphigus. 

Fever  Blister.  A  term,  vaguely  applied  to 
vesicular  or  pustular  eruptions,  which  appear 
particularly  about  the  mouth,  during  or  after 
febrile  disturbance. 

Fever,  Boa.  Vista.  A  malignant  bilious  re- 
mittent fever,  greatly  resembling  yellow  fever, 
which  was  very  fatal  at  Fernando  Po,  and  in 
ships  in  its  waters,  in  the  year  1845. 

Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant  paludal  fever, 
which  prevailed  amongst  the  troops  of  the  garri- 
son at  Bona  in  Algeria,  from  1S32  to  1835. 

Fever,  Boxe,  see  Inflammation  —  f.  Bouquet, 
Dengue  —  f.  Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis  —  f. 
Brain,  water.  Hydrocephalus  internus — f.  Break- 
bone,  Dengue  —  f.  Bucket,  Dengue  —  f.  Bulam, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Camp,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever.  Cardial'gic  Febris  Cardial' gica.  A 
variety  of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  violent  cardialgia  during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Cardit'ic.  Intermittent  fever,  accom- 
panied with  pain  at  the  heart. 

Fever,  Catarrhal.  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Cephalal'gic.  Febris  cephalal'gica. 
A  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  in- 
tense pain  of  the  head.  Also,  intermittent  ce- 
phalalgia. 

Fever,  Cephal'ic,  Febris  cephal'ica.  A  fe- 
brile affection  of  children  —  intermediate  between 
the  acute  form  of  active  cerebral  congestion  and 
the  chronic  form  —  which  is  attended  by  fever, 
pain  in  the  head,  disorder,  or  more  generally 
constipation  of  the  bowels,  and  a  train  of  pheno- 
mena often  supposed  to  be  premonitory  of  an  at- 
tack of  hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 

Fever,  Cer'ebral,  Brain  fever.  Fever,  gene- 
rally of  an  ataxic  character,  in  which  the  brain  is 
considerably  affected. 

Fever,  Chagres,  Panama'  Fever.  A  severe 
form  of  endemic  fever,  common  on  the  isthmus 
of  Panama. 

Fever.  Childbed,  Fever,  puerperal,  Puerperal 
Fever  —  f.  Childbed,  Low,  see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,    Chol'eric,   Febris  choler'ica,     A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with 
symptoms  of  cholera  morbus. 
*  Fever,    Choleric,   of    Ixfaxts,    Cholera   in- 
fantum. 

Fever,  Chroxic,  Febris  chron'ica.  Some  au- 
thors apply  this  name  to  protracted  fevers  ;  others 
to  hectic  fever. 


FEVER 


F  E  VER 


Ff.vk.r.  COLLIC/UATTVS,  /'-  brit  tab'ida  sen  eoKt- 
„„„/,■■    i  characterised   by  rapid  ema- 

.  copious  evacuation.-,  and  rapid  prostra- 
tion of  strong 

p,  :1  apoplectic. 

jges'ttte,  Pearls  eongettVveu     Fe- 
tompanied  bj  obscure   symptoms;  or  by 
great  oppression  and  depression;  in  which  it  is 
difficult  — and  often  impossible  —  to  induce  reac- 
tion.   Congestive  fevers  occurs  In  various  parts 
sf  this  country,  especially  in  the  fall:  and  they 
common  in  India.     The  term  congestive 
in  some  parts  of  the  south  of 
■.cry  indefinitely  —  to  include 
winter  typhus, and  typhoid  fevers, typhoid  pneu- 
tnoni  i.  as  well   as  intermittent.*  and  autumnal  re- 
-  ■m. 

see    Continent    and    Con- 
tinue 1  fever  —  £  Continual,  see  Continued  lever 
mmon,  Synochus. 
:.    i'onvi  i.'sivk,    Febrit   convmlefva.     A 
pernicious  intermittent  or  remittent,  accompanied 
nvulsions. 

intrv.      Fever  occasioned   by  ex- 
to  the   miasms   of  a  highly  malarious  soil. 
A  term  much  used  in  the  Southern  States. 

Iblir'iocs,   Febrit  cum  delir*io,  (P.) 
dfliraute.     A  pernicious  intermittent,  cha- 
sed by  delirium  in  the  paroxysms. 
Fever,    DbVfratort,    Febrit    depurato'ria. 
•.  to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
•  ie    blood:    or  which    indicated,    that 
Mich  a  supposed  depuration  had  occurred. 

Fever,    Diaphoret'ic,    Febrit    diaphorefica, 
.    $ndalo'ria.      A    pernicious     intermittent, 
with  excessive  sweating  during  the  fit. 
FEVER,  DlART,  Ephemera. 

!;.  DiGBS'tivb.  The  chilliness,  followed 
by  Increased  heat  and  quickness  of  pulse,  which 
frequently  accompanies  digestion. 

Fever,  Double,  (P.)  Fitvre  double  on  doublie. 
An  intermittent,  which  has  two  paroxysms  in  a 
i  1  of  one. 
Fever,  Double-Qoartah.  A  fever,  whose 
I  aroxysms  occur  two  days  in  succession,  and  fail 
the  third  day:  the  first  paroxysm  resembling  the 
4th.  and  the  second  the  5th. 

I  BLE-QfOTTDIAH.      An  intermittent, 
icy 8m a  return  twice  every  day  at  cor- 
ling  hours. 

DoOBLE-TERTCAff.      An    intermittent, 
paroxysms    return    every   day  :     the    first 
■p  >nding  with  the  3d,  the  second  with  the 
4th.  and  BO  on.. 

:>..  I>i-oi>kc"ima\'e.  Febrit  duodeeima'na. 
posititious  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
n  the  12th  day,  or  every  11  days. 

itnamic,  Synocha  —  f.  Endemial,  Re- 
mittent F.  —  f.    E  'nittent  P. — f.  En- 
:   tnittent  F.— f.  Enteric,  see  Typhus— 

.    ra. 
Me,  Febrit  epilep'tica,     A  va- 

of    pern'fCious     intermittent,    accompanied 

toVic,   Febrit  erorVca,  (F.  | 
Mr.     A  chronic  fever,  <••  y  unpro- 

BRRAT'ie,    see    Erratic —  f   Eruptive, 
-f.    Eruptive,   articular,   Dengue 
—<:.  og,  Remittent  Fever. 

LiBTiEG,  ov  Persia.     A  singular  and 
fit  d  i  ■  i .  i  lemic,  pr  ■••  points  of  analogy 

with   cholera,   which   prevailed  at  Teheran  in  the 
autumn  of  1842. 

i>«e. 
••..    ii  w'..i:i  koi  -.    Peoris   gangrmno'dee. 
tnpanied  by  gangrene  of  various  parts, 
i  ly  of  the  limbs    ii  Senac 

rmittent  of  this  kind. 


■  .  Castral'gic.  An  intermittent  accom- 
panied with  acute  burning  lacerating  pain  at  the 
stomach. 

Fever,  Gastric,  Peons  gae'triea  ?vn  na»'- 
triea   l>  r'rtH*.  Gae- 

troekolo'tit,  Hepatogaetrocholo'tit,  Stomacl 
ver,  Sgn'ochtu  Bilio'ta,     A  name  given  I.;. 
to  bilious  /eve*  which  has  appeared  to  them  to 
adent   on   an   affection   of  the  stomach, 
died    Mi  nin'go-gaetrie  />  per,   Feb 
ningo-gat'trica,     Mi  niugo-gattri'tit,     ■ 
ningi'tit,   Harveet  fever,  (P.)  Fliers  dt  la  M>>ix- 
8oti,  F.  Miningo-gattriqne. 

Fever,  Gabtro-Adtbam'ic,  Feorts  gattro- 
adgnam'iea.  A  fever,  in  which  the  symptoms 
of  bilious  fever  are  joined  with  those  of  adynamia 
fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Anc.iotkn'ic  A  fever,  in 
which  the  symptoms  of  bilious  are  united  with 
those  of  inflammatory  fever. 

PETER,  GastRO-Atax'IC.  A  fever,  in  which 
the  symptoms  of  bilious  fever  are  united  with 
those  of  ataxic  fever. 

Fever,  Gibraltar,  Fever,  yellow— f.  Harvest, 
F.  Gastric— f.  Hsemagastric,  P.  yellow. 
Fever,  HjBmop'toic,  Febrit  Hamopto^ica.     A 

variety  of  masked  intermittent,  in  which  periodi- 
cal hemoptysis  is  the  chief  symptom. 

Fever,  Hat,  Gatarr'hut  tetti'vue,  Summer  Ca- 
tarrh, Hay  Atthma,  Rote  Catarrh,  Summer  r>r<>n- 
rhi'tix.     A  catarrh   to  which   certain   persons   are 
subject  in  summer,  and  which  has  been  ascribed 
:  in   England   to   the  effluvium   of  hay.  but   this   is 
'  not   the    probable    cause.     It    is  a  catarrh   with 
'  sneezing,  beadach,  weeping,  snuffling  and  cough, 
with,  at  times,  fever  and  general  discomfort.     It 
;  is  not  uncommon  in  this  country.     It  disappears 
spontaneously,  —  to  recur  on   subsequent   years 
about  the  same  period. 

FEVER,  HK.nnoM'ADAL.  A  supposititious  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  weekly,  and  on  the  same 
day. 

Fever,  Hectic,  see  Consumption,  and  Hectic 
i  Fever. 

Fever,  Hkpat'ic  or  Hf.patat/oic  A  perni- 
cious intermittent,  with  violent  pain  in  the  right 
hypochondrium. 

FEVER,  Hill.      A    modification  of  remittent, 
II  occurring  in  the  hilly  districts  of  India. 
Fever,  Hospital,  Typhus  gravior. 
Fever,  Ho'moral,  Febrit  hnmora'lit.     Fever 
in  which  an  alteration  or  deterioration  of  the  hu- 
mours is  suspected. 

Fever,  Ilis'cutv.  /•'<  brit  Hnngar'ieaBenPan- 
nan'ica,  Lues  Panno'nm,  Morbus  JJngar'ieue, 
Cephalon'otue,  Vermit  eer'ebri,  (P.)  Fiivrc  Hon- 
groise  ou  de  Hongrie.  An  epidemic  typhus,  com- 
mon amongst  the  soldiers  in  barracks,  in  Hungary. 
Fever,  Hydrophob'ic,  Febrit  hydrophob'ica. 
Pernicious  intermittent,  with  dread  of  liquids. 

Fever,  Htbtbr'io,  Febrit  hgtter'ica.  Hyste- 
ria.  accompanied  by  fever.  Hysteria,  occurring 
with  each  paroyxsm  of  an  intermittent. 

FEVER,   [ctbr'iC,  Febrit  ieter'ica.     Fever,  ac- 
companied   with   jaundice.     Some    intermittent;} 
exhibit  this  complication  at  each  paroxysm. 
Peter,  rcrsRic,  Rbmittibo,  sec  Relapse. 

Fl  vi  ft,  [sr'FAETILB   Etl  mi  i  'i  i  m.   Febrit  itifan'- 

tum  r<  mit't,  n*.   /'.  BeriHIMo'sO,  (of  manv  !.  /'.  Mlicn'- 

m  v,  rmino'ta,  /•'.  lent  a,  Spuriout  worm/ever,  Re- 
mitting fever  of  children,  Hec'tica  infant' His.  A 
ienrring  in  childhood,  which  often  assumes 
many  of  the  characters  of  hydrocephalus.  It  ap- 
pears generally  to  be  dependent  upon  a  morbid 
condition  of  the  Btomaofa  ami  bowels. 
Fetes,  [rtlammatort,  Synocha. 

FbVBR,     [RBID'iOUS.       Fever,    which,    at    first, 

seems  devoid  of  danger,  bnl  subsequently  becomes 
„  of  a  more  or  less  malignant  character. 


FEVER 


390 


FEVER 


Fever,  Intermittent,  see  Intermittent  fever 
■ — f.  Jail,  Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Jungle,  see  Jungle 
fever. 

Fever,  Lake.  Fever  produced  by  exposure 
to  the  malaria  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
northern  lakes  of  this  country. 

Fever,  Lenticular,  Miliary  fever  —  f.  Irrita- 
tive. Irritation,  morbid. 

Fever,  Lo'CHlAL,  Febris  lochia' 1*8.  That  ac- 
celeration of  the  circulation  which  sometimes 
occurs  during  the  discharge  of  the  lochia. 

Fever,  Ling,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

Fever,  Malig'nant,  Febris  malig'na.  Fever 
■which  makes  its  approaches  insidiously,  and  sub- 
sequently becomes  formidable.  Any  fever  which 
exhibits  a  very  dangerous  aspect.  Typhus  gra- 
vior. 

Fever.  Malig'nant  Pestilential,  Fever,  yel- 
low—f.  Marsh,  Elodes  (febris.) 

Fever,  Masker,  Febris  larva'ta,  (F.)  Fievre 
larvee,  Dead  or  Dumb  Ague.  An  anomalous  in- 
termittent, the  paroxysms  of  which  have  not  the 
regular  stages,  or  are  maaved. 

Fever,  Meningo-gastric,  Fever  gastric. 

Fever.  Mesenteric,  Febris  mesenter'ica.  A 
name  given,  by  Baglivi,  to  a  species  of  fever  which 
appears  to  have  belonged  either  to  the  mucous  or 
bilious. 

Fever.  Milk,  Febris  lac' tea,  (F.)  Fievre  de 
lait  ou  laiteuse  ou  lactee  ;  Galactop'yra,  Galac- 
topyr'etus.  The  fever  which  precedes  or  accom- 
panies the  secretion  of  milk  in  women  recently 
delivered.  It  comes  on  generally  about  the  third 
day  after  delivery,  and  is  characterized  by  quick 
pulse;  increased  heat ;  redness  of  face;  diminu- 
tion or  temporary  suspension  of  the  lochial  dis- 
charge ;  tumefaction  and  tension  of  the  breasts. 
It  commonly  terminates  in  twenty-four  hours, 
and  often  with  profuse  perspiration.  It  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics.  with  dry  diet. 

Fever,  Mixed,  Synochus — f.  Mucous,  F.  ade- 
no-meningeal. 

Fever,  Nephrit'ic,  Febris  nephrit'ica.  Inter- 
mittent fever,  accompanied  with  nephritic  pain 
during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Nervous,  Febris  nervo'aa  seu  neuvo'- 
des  seu  lenta  nervo'aa,  Neurop'yra,  Neuropyr*- 
etus.  A  variety  of  Typhus;  the  Typhus  mitior 
of  Cullen.  By  many,  however,  it  is  esteemed  a 
distinct  disease.     See  Typhoid  fever. 

Fever,  Nervous,  with  Exanthematous 
Eruption,  Typhus. 

Fever,  Neuralgic,  Dengue. 

Fever,  Niger.  A  malignant  fever,  of  the 
bilious  remittent  kind,  which  proved  fatal  to 
many  in  the  expeditions  sent  out  by  the  British 
government  to  explore  the  Niger,  in  the  years 
1841-42,  and  previously. 

Fever.  Non'ane,  Febris  nona'na.  A  supposi- 
titious fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  every  ninth 
day.  or  every  eight  days. 

Fever,  Oc'taxe,  Febris  octa'na.  An  intermit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  eighth  da)'. 

Fever,  Paludal.  Intermittent  —  f.  Panama, 
Fever,  Chagres — f.  Paroxysmal,  Remittent  fever 
■ — f.  Periodic,  Intermittent. 

Fever,  Periodical,  Febris  period' ica.  An 
intermittent  or  remittent  fever. 

Fever,  Pernic"ious,  Febris  pernicio'sa.  In- 
termittent fever,  when  attended  with  great  dan- 
ger, and  which  destroys  the  majority  of  those 
affected  by  it  in  the  first  four  or  five  paroyxsms ; 
sometimes  in  the  very  first. 

Fever,  Pestilen'tial,  Febris  pestilentia'Hs. 
The  Plague.  Also  a  severe  case  of  typhus.  The 
yellow  fever  and  sweating  sickness  have,  like- 
wise, been  thus  designated. 

Fever,  Pestilential,  or  Cattle,  Murr  —  f. 
Pituitous,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 


Fever,  Pleurit'ic.  An  intermittent  or  re- 
mittent, accompanied  with  inflammation  of  the 
pleura. 

Fever,  Pneumon'ic,  Febris  pnetnuon'ica.  An 
intermittent,  accompanied  with  inflammation  of 
the  lungs.     Also,  pneumonia. 

Fever  Poison,  see  Poison  —  f.  Pseudo,  Irrita- 
tion, morbid. 

Fever,  Pvvn' peu  Al,Febr  is  puerpera' J  is.  Child- 
bed fever,  (F.)  Fievre  puerperale.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  acute  diseases,  su- 
pervening on  delivery.  It  means,  generally,  a 
malignant  variety  of  peritonitis,  which  runs  its 
course  very  rapidly,  and  passes  into  a  typhoid 
condition,  unless  met,  at  the  very  onset,  by  the 
most  active  depleting  measures.  By  the  gene- 
rality of  practitioners,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  emi- 
nently contagious;  some,  however,  deny  that  it 
is  so.     See  Peritonitis,  and  Puerperal  fever. 

Fever,  Puerperal  Adynamic  or  Malignant, 
see  Peritonitis — f.  Puking,  Milk  sickness. 

Fever,  Pu'rulent,  Febris  pur ulen'ta.  Fever, 
which  accompanies  suppuration. 

Fever,  Putrid,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Quintan,  Febris  quinta'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  fifth  day.  It  is 
seen  rarely,  or  never. 

Fever,  Quotidian,  see  Quotidian  —  f.  Red 
Tongue,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Beg'ular,  Febris  regula'ria  seu  ex- 
quiai'ta.  An  intermittent  whose  paroxysms  fol- 
low a  determinate  type.  It  is  opposed  to  utypic. 
Sometimes  opposed  to  anomalous. 

Fever,  Relapsing,  see  Relapse. 

Fever,  Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever — f. 
Remittent,  Bilious,  see  Relapse — f.  Remittent,  in- 
fantile, see  Fever,  infantile  remittent — f.  Remit- 
tent of  children,  F.  infantile  remittent — f.  Remit- 
ting icteric,  see  Relapse — f.  Rheumatic,  Rheuma- 
tism, acute — f.  Root,  Triosteum  perforatum. 

Fever,  Scorbu'tic,  Febris  scorbutica.  The 
febrile  movement,  which  sometimes  accompanies 
scorbutus  or  scurvy. 

Fever,  Seasoning,  F.,  strangers'. 

Fever,  Sec'ondary.  Afebrile  condition  which 
recurs  in  certain  affections  after  having  ceased ; 
such  as  the  secondary  fever,  which  comes  on  at 
the  time  of  the  maturation  of  the  variolous 
pustules,  or  as  the  eruption  of  scarlatina,  Ac, 
disappears. 

Fever,  Septan,  Febris  septa' ua.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  six  days, 
and  consequently  on  the  seventh. 

Fever,  Seven  Day,  see  Relapse. 

Fever,  Sextan,  Febris  sexta'na.  A  fever, 
j  which  recurs  every  five  days,  and  consequently 
i  on  the  sixth. 

Fever,  Ship,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Simple,  Febris  Simplex.  Simple  fever 
I  is  that  which  has  no  predominant  character  — 
|  bilious,  inflammatory,  or  nervous  ;  and  which  is 
j  unaccompanied  by  any  local  determination,  hy- 
|  pera?mia,  or  complication.  It  may  be  continued, 
remittent,  or  intermittent. 

Fever,  Simple  Continued.  This  is  the  most 
favourable  form  of  continued  fever,  and  has  a 
i  tendency  to  wear  itself  out,  provided  only  the 
!  laedentia  be  avoided.  The  prognosis  is  conse- 
quently favourable,  and  the  treatment  simple; 
consisting  in  perfect  repose  of  body  and  mind, 
abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst  by  cold 
drinks. 

Fever,  Singul'tous,  Febris  singnlto'sa  seu 
h/gmo'des  seu  li/ngo'des.  Fever,  accompanied 
with  singultus  or  hiccough. 

Fever,  Solar,  Dengue  —  f.  Spotted,  Typhus 
gravior. 

Fever,  Ster'coral,  Febris  stercora' 'lis.    Fever, 


FEVER 


301 


FIBRES,    CONVERGING 


produced  by  an  accumulation  of  ficees  in  the  in- 
teatii 
Fkvkk.  Stomachic,  Gastric  Ferer. 

.  Strangers',  AeoU'mating  »v  Sta'toning 
fellow,  ur  remittent  fever,  which  is  en- 
demic in  certain  plate*,  and  t<>  which  strangers 
illy  Liable. 
Fkvkk,  Si'iu  on ;  ;m  \i .  Remittent  Fever. 

A,  Si  ijin'ti:  \s  i.  Febrit  tubin'trant.  An 
intermittent,  in  which  one  paroxysm  is  scarcely 
finished  before  the  other  begins. 

n.  Dengue — f.  Sweating,  Sudor  An- 

-  'ncopa'li$  sen  ""'- 
nii'ta,  n  a'- .     A  variety  of  per- 

nicious intermittent,  in  which  there  is,  in  every 
j  -in.  one  or  more  faintings. 
I'i.\  BR,  Strocboid,  Synochus. 
FEVER,  Svi-mi.ir'h'.  Febi  it  tgphilit'ica.  Fever, 
accompanying  syphilis,  or  supposed  to  be  owing 
.int. 
r'tiae,    Febrit  tertia'ua,     A  fever, 
paroxysm   returns  on   the  third  day,  and 
uently  everv  two  days. 
.  Tiiiiin  Day.  Tertian. 

ia©"ic,  Febrit  Trag"iecu  A  low 
fever,  in  whiob  the  patient  declaims  like  an  actor 
during  the  delirium. 

l'i  \  br,  Thai  vat'ic,  Fein's  traumatica.  The 
fever,  which  supervenes,  on  wounds  or  great  sur- 
gical operations. 

Fbybr,  Trembliku,  Intermittent  fever — f.  Ty- 
phoid, see  Typhus — f.  Typhoid,  of  India.  Cholera 
— f.  Typhous,  Typhus  —  f.  Varicellar,  see  Vario- 
loid— f.  Varioloid,  see  Varioloid. 

FEVER,  Vbr'MIHOUS,  Febris vermino'sa,  Hel- 
miuthop'yra,  Worm  fever.  Fever,  produced  by 
the  presence  of  worms  in  the  digestive  tube,  or 
accompanied  by  their  expulsion. 

■:.  Vernal,  Febrit  verna'lit.  An  inter- 
mittent or  other  fever  occurring  in  the  spring. 
Vernal  intermittents  were  formerly  considered 
salubrious. 

""An  ague  in  the  spring 
Is  physic  for  a  kiug." 

Fever,  Vesicular,  Pemphigua 
Fbybr,   Wal'<  hkpkn,   Oall-ticknett.     The  re- 
mittents and  intermittents  to  which  the  British 
were  exposed,  who  were  attached  to  the 
ition  to  W'alcheren.  in  1809. 
Fbybr,   WATER  BRACT,   Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus  —  f.  Winter,  see    Tongue,  black — f.  Worm, 
Verminous  F.  —  f.  Worm,  spurious,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent. 

Fkvkk.  YeLLOW,  Febrit  flava,  F.  seu   Pestis 
i'ihi,  F.  flava  Americano' turn,  F.  trop'ica, 
I         ttin'ua  pu'trida  ictero'det  Carolinien'eie,  F. 
o'det,   /'.  malig'na  bilio'ta  Amcr'ica, 
g'na  flava  India  Occidenta'lit,  F.  toxica, 
<  •.  riea'na,  Ochroty'phut,  Loimoeholo'- 

tttilen'tia  hoymagat'trica,  Pettit  oceidenta'- 
i    intertrop'ioa,    Vom'itut  niger,   Epan'etut 
malig' ma flavut,  Remittent  ictero'det,  Tritceoph'ya 
America' no,  Typhut  ictero'det,  Ochrop'yra,  8yn'- 
ockut  ictero'det,   Ende'mial  Oautnt   of  the    Wet\ 
it   trop'icut   endem'ictte,   Biliout  re- 
er,  Malignant  pcttilential fever, 
jaunt   d'Amirique,  /•'.  matelote,  F.  gattro- 
\ique,  F.  dt  In   Barbade,   F.  dt  Siam,  F. 
ttro-hfpatiqne,    Typhut  miatma- 
ti'/if  a  Iridt  jaune,  T.  faune,  T.  d'Ami- 

rique,  Vomito  prieto,   Vomito  negro,  Mai  de  Slum, 
■  ,■  or  Pet'tiUnce,  Black  vomit, 
aula m,OibraV 'tar and  Barct  lo'na  Fever, — rulg.,  in 
M  Indie-.  Mulat'to  Jack  and  Yellow  Jack. 
End  dangerous  febrile  affection  :  bo 
implicated,  in  it-  second  stage, 
with  a  jaundiced  appearance,  accompanied   by 
vomiting  of  black  mutter.     Sauvages,  Culleu,  and 


others  regard  it  as  a  variety  of  typhus  :  and  Pinel, 
us  a  species  of  gaetro-ady namic,  or  bilious  putrid 
fever.  It  occurs,  endemically.  only  within  the  tro- 
pics: but  it  has  been  met  with  epidemically  in  the 
temperate regiona  Brouesais regards  the  disease 
as  gastro-onteritis,  exaeperated  l>y  atmospheric 
M  that  it  runs  through  its  Stages  with 
much  greater  rapidity  than  the  gastro-enteritis 
of  our  climates.  The  yellow  Colour  of  the  skin, 
according  to  him.  is  owing  so  the  inflammation 
of  the  small  intestine, — and  especially  of  the  duo- 
denum,—  augmenting  the  secretion  of  the  liver, 
and  at  the  same  time  preventing  its  discharge 
into  the  duodenum.  The  pathology  of  this  affec- 
tion, as  well  as  its  origin,  is  still  unsettled.  The 
|  treatment  must  generally  be  of  the  most  active 
nature  at  the  onset :  consisting  in  bleeding  largely. 
and  exhibiting  mercury,  so  as  to  excite  s  m  w 
action,  if  possible:  —  the  other  symptoms  being 
combated  according  to  general  principles.  It 
must  vary,  however,  according  to  the  epidemic 

Fbybr,  Yellow,  Mild,  see  Relapee. 

FEVERBUSH,  Lauras  benzoin.  Prinos. 

FKVKK  DROPS.  WARBURG'S,  see  Bebeeru. 

FEVERET,  Febricula, 

FEVERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEVERFOUILLIE,  Matricaria. 

FE'VERISH,  Fe'verout,  Feb'rient,  Febrico'tut, 
(F.)  Fihtreux,  from  febrit,  'fever.'  That  which 
causes  fever  or  is  febrifa'eient  or  febrifiej  rs 
feverish  fund,  feverith  diatketis,  ,fcc.  Also,  the 
state  of  one  labouring  under  lever,  Fevertiel'. 
If  affected  with  intermittent  fever,  he  is  said  to 
be  a'garified  in  Suffolk,  England. 

FE'VERISHNESS,  Febricita'tio,  Febriculot'- 
ity.  The  state  of  having  fever.  A  slight  febrile 
disorder. 

FEVEROUS,  Feverish. 

FKVERHOOT,  Pterospara  andromedea. 

FEVERSIGK,  see  Feverish. 

FEVERTREE,  Pinckneya  pubens. 

FEVERWOOD,  Laurus  benzoin. 

FEVER  WORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Tri- 
osteum. 

FEWS.  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

FEY,  Psvchorages. 

FEYK,  Fidgets. 

FIBER,  Castor  fiber. 

FIBRA,  Fibre  —  f.  Aurea,  Coptis  —  f.  Xervea, 
Nerve-fibre — f.  Sanguinis,  Fibrin. 

FIBRiE  ARCIFORMES,  see  Arciform. 

FIBRE,  Fibra,  Is,  Gtedon,  Filum.  An  organic 
filament,  of  a  solid  consistence,  and  more  or  less 
extensible,  which  enters  into  the  composition  of 
every  animal  and  vegetable  texture.  The  timple 
or  elementary  fibre  of  the  ancients,  from  a  parti- 
cular assemblage  and  arrangement  of  which  every 
texture  of  the  body  was  conceived  to  be  consti- 
tuted, seems  entirely  ideal.  The  moderns  usually 
admit,  with  Haller  and  Blumenbaeh.  t; 
I1  meiitary  fibres  or  tissues.  1.  The  cellular  or  lami- 
nated, formed  chiefly  of  thin  plates,  of  a  whitish 
colour  and  extensible,  which  seems  to  eonsisl  of 
;i  concrete  gelatin.  2.  The  nervoue, pulpy ,  or  med- 
ullary, formed  of  a  soft  substance,  contained  in 
|  a  cellular  sheath,  and  consisting  of  albumen 
united  to  a  fatty  matter.  3.  The  mvtcuh 
posed  of  round  filaments,  of  a  grayish  or  reddish 
colour,  and  formed  of  fibrin.  Chaussierhas  add)  I 
to  thc-e  the  albugineout  fibre,  but  it  .- 
differ  from  the  cellular  fibre  only  in  greater  con- 
densation of  the  molecules.     See  Fibrous. 

A  rery  small  or  ultimate  fibre  is  called  a  Fibril, 

Fibril'l',. 

Fibre,  AxBuonrEOUB,  see  Albuginea, 
FIBRE  LISSE,  see  Muscular  fibre—/.  Strife, 

see  Muscular  fibre. 

FIBRES,  CONVERG"INGr.     Nervous  fibre--, 
,  whose   office  it  is  to  associate  different  portions 


FIBREUX 


3  92 


FICUS 


of  the  nervous   centres  with  each   other.     They 
form  the  Commissures, 

Fibres,  Diverg"ing.  The  fibres  composing  the 
Columns  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  which  separate 
iu  their  progress  to  the  periphery  of  the  cerebrum 
and  cerebellum. — Gall  and  Spurzheim. 

Fibres  of  Rem  ak.  Fibres  described  by  Remak 
a-  peculiar  to  the  sj'mpathetic  nerve,  but  which 
Valentin  considers  to  be  neurilemma,  and  to  con- 
Bist  of  fibro-<ellular  bundles. 

FIB  RE  (IX,  Fibrous. 

FIBRIL,  see  Fibre. 

FIBRILLA,  Fibril  — f.  Muscularis,  Muscular 
fibre. 

FI'BRILLAR,  Fibrilla'ris.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  fibrils. 

FIBRILLA'TION,  Fibrilla'tio.  The  forma- 
tion of  fibrils. 

FI'BRIX  or  Fib'rin,  Fibrine,  Fibri'na,  Fi- 
hri'ne,Fibra  sanguinis,  Mate'riafibro'sa,  Lympha 
jdas' tica,  Jfatiere  Jibreuse  du  snug.  An  immediate 
iinimal  principle  —  solid,  white,  and  inodorous; 
iusipid;  heavier  than  water;  without  action  on 
the  vegetable  blues;  elastic,  when  moist;  hard 
and  brittle  when  dry.  It  enters  into  the  conipo- 
p  tion  of  the  chyle  and  the  blood,  and  forms  the 
chief  part  of  the  muscles  of  red-blooded  animals. 
Muscular  fibrin,  Syntonin,  Musculin,  has  been 
shown,  however,  to  be  different  from  that  of  the 
blood.  In  certain  diseased  actions,  Fibrin  or 
Coagtdable  lymph,  gluten,  is  separated  from  the 
blood,  and  is  found  in  considerable  quantity  on 
the  surfaces  of  membranes,  and  in  the  cavities  of 
the  body.     See  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Fibrin  is  likewise  a  proximate  principle  of 
vegetables,  and  differs  but  little  in  chemical  com- 
position from  animal  fibrin :  nor  does  it  differ 
much  from  albumen  and  casein. 

Fibrin  is  verv  nutritious. 

FIBRIXA'TIOX,  Fibrina'tio.  The  act  of 
adding  fibrin  to  the  blood.  The  opposite  to  defi- 
brination. 

FIB'RIXOUS,  Fibrino'sus,  (F.)  Fibrineux. 
Th:it  which  is  composed  of  fibrin,  or  has  the  ap- 
pearance  of  fibrin. 

FIBRO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  fibrous  tissue. 

FIBRO-AREOLAR.  Fibro-cellular. 

FIBRO-B  ROXCHITIS.  Fibrous  or  rheumatic 
inflammation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 

FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An 
organic  tissue,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the 
fibrous  tissue,  and  of  that  of  cartilage.  It  is 
dense,  resisting,  elastic,  firm,  supple,  and  flexible. 
Fibro-cartilages  are  distinguished  into. — 1.  Jfem- 
braniform,  or  those  which  serve  as  moulds  to  cer- 
tain parts,  as  the  alae  nasi  and  eyelids.  2.  Vagi- 
vi/orm,  or  those  which  form  sheaths  for  the 
sliding  of  tendons.  3.  Interarticular,  those  which 
are  met  with  in  the  movable  articulations.  4. 
Uniting.  (F.)  Fibro-cartilages  d' union,  which  form 
a  junction  between  two  bones,  as  the  symphysis 
pubis.  Fibro-cartilages  are  sometimes  formed 
adventitiously,  as  the  result  of  a  morbid  process 
in  different  organs. 

Fibro-Cartilages,  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Fibro-Cartilagi.ves  Intervertebrales,  In- 
tervertebral cartilages. 

FIBRO-CELL'ULAR,  Fibro-cellula'ris,  Fibro- 
ove'ohir,  Fibro-arcofa'ris.  That  which  partakes 
of  the  fibrous  and  of  the  cellular  tissue,  as  the 
fascia  transversalis. 

Fibro-Cellular  Tumour,  Tumour,  fibro-cel- 
lular. 

FIBROMA.  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FIBRO-MUCOUS,  Fibro-mnco'sm,  (F.)  Fibro- 
muqueux.  Possessing  the  nature  of  fibrous  and 
of  mucous  membranes.  A  term  applied  to 
fibrous  membranes,  which  are  intimately  united 


with  other  membranes  of  a  mucous  nature,  as 
the  pituitary  membrane,  the  membrane  of  the 
urethra,  &c. 

YIBRO-PLASTIC, Fibro-plas'ticus,  (F.)  Fibro- 
plastiuue,  from jibra,  '  fibre,'  and  Tr^aaaw,  'I  form.' 
An  epithet  for  a  morbid  formation,  constituted  of 
the  elements  of  areolar  tissue  transformed,  in 
part,  into  fibre. — Lebert. 

Fibro-Plastic  Tumour,  Sarcoma. 

FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibro-sero'sus,  (F.)  Fibro- 
sereux.  Possessing  the  nature  of  fibrous  and 
serous  membranes.  Membranes,  composed  of  a 
fibrous,  and  a  serous  sheet,  intimately  united: — 
as  the  Dura  Mater,  Pericardium,  Tunica  albu- 
ginea  testis,  &c. 

FIBROID,  Fibrous,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FI'BROUS,  Fibro'sus,  Fibroid,  (F.)  Fibreux. 
Composed  of  fibres.  Certain  membranes,  as  the 
dura  mater,  periosteum,  ligamentous  capsules  of 
the  joints,  &c,  are  fibrous.  The  fibrous  system 
of  Bichat  includes  the  system  of  organs  formed 
by  the  albugineous  fibre  of  Chaussier.  It  com- 
prises, particularly,  the  periosteum  and  perichon- 
drium :  the  articular  capsules  and  ligaments  ;  the 
tendons;  the  dura  mater,  pericardium,  tunica 
(  sclerotica,  tunica  albuginea  testis,  outer  inem- 
|  brane  of  the  spleen,  <fcc.  Under  simple  fibrous 
j  tissues,  Tela?  fibro'sce,  certain  writers  have  classed 
the  ichite  and  yellow  fibrous  tissues,  and  areolar 
tissue.  Both  the  yellow  and  the  white  may  be 
detected  in  the  areolar  tissue.  The  white  is  said 
I  to  exist  alone  in  ligaments,  tendons,  fibrous  mem- 
branes, aponeuroses,  &c.  The  yelloic,  (F.)  Tissn 
jaune,  exists  separately  in  the  middle  coat  of  the 
arteries,  the  chordae  vocales,  ligamentum  nuchae 
of  quadrupeds,  &c.  It  differs  from  the  white  in 
possessing  a  high  degree  of  elasticity,  owing  to 
the  presence  of  a  distinct  principle,  called  by  MM. 
Robin  and  Yerdeil,  elasticine. 

Fibrous  Growth,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  f.  Matter 
of  the  Brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  f.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes,  fibrous. 

FIB'ULA,  (for  Figibula  [?]  from  figo,  *  to  fix,*) 
Cruris  ra'dius,  Canna  minor,  Os  per' one,  Pero- 
ne'um,  Foc"ile  minus,  Sura,  Arun'do  minor,  Fist'- 
ula  Cruris.  Tib' ia  min'ima,  Os  tib'icp,  minus,  Spell- 
bone,  'a  clasp/  The  splinter  bone  of  the  leg. 
(F.)  Perone.  The  long,  small  bone,  situate  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  The  superior  or  tibial 
extremity  of  the  fibula  is  rounded  and  forms  the 
caput  or  head.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia. 
Its  inferior  or  tarsal  extremity  is  broader  than 
the  superior.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia  and 
astragalus,  and  forms  the  malleolus  extern  us  or 
outer  ankle  by  means  of  its  coronoid  process. 
The  body  of  the  bone  has  three  faces,  having 
j  more  or  less  prominent  edges.  It  is  separated 
from  the  tibia  by  the  interosseous  space,  and  is 
developed  by  three  points  of  ossification  ;  one  at 
the  body,  and  one  at  each  extremity.  It  prevents 
the  foot  from  turning  outwards. 

FIBTJLAD,  see  Fibular  aspect. 

FIBULAR,  Peroneal. 

Fibular  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  fibula  is  situated. — Barclay,  Fib'- 
ulad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to 
signify  'towards  the  fibular  aspect.' 

FIBULATIO,  Infibulatio. 

FIC,  Fieus. 

FTC  AIRE,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FIC  ARIA,  Scrophularia  aqua  tica — f.  Commu- 
nis, Ranunculus  ficaria  —  f.  Ranunculoides,  Ra- 
nunculus ficaria — f.  Yerna,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICATIO.  Fieus. 

FICICIOX.  Phvsician. 

FICOSA  EMIXEXTIA.  Fieus. 

FICUS,  Syce,  Sy'cea,  Sycum,  Syco'sis,  Syeo'- 
ma,  Fica'tio,  Fico'sus  Tumor,  Fico'sa  eminen'tia, 
Maris'ca,  (F.)  Fie     A  fleshy  excrescence,  often 


FIDERIS 


3  03 


FILTRATION 


soft  ami  reddish,  sometimes  hard  and  scirrhous. 

banging  bj  s  peduncle,  or   formed   like  a  Bg; 

occurring  on  the  eyelids,  chin,  tongue,  anus.  01 

organs   of  generation.     The   ftci   seated  on   the 

•  ttoned  parts  are  generally  of  a  syphilitic 

ter. 

Pkji  b,  F.  Carios, 

t<  \,    /'.    vmiga'ri*    era   eoannn'sie. 
stematio  name  of  ;  P.J  Figuu  r. 

Ord.  1  Oarica,  /'"•»*,  Sjfei,  ovkji,  (F.) 

the  .//;/  —  is  a  pleasant  fruit  when  ripe: 
as  well  as  when  dried  in  the  state  in  which  it  is 
found  in  the  shops  — JVeat,  (Ph.  U.S.)  It  is 
usedsRf  times,  in  plaoeofs  cataplasm;  especially 
in  gum-boils. 

ins.  r.  Caries  —  f.  India  grana, 
cacti  —  f.  Indica,  Muss  paradisisca,  see 
Oauntcboue,  Caries  papaya,  and  Laces  —  f.  Reli- 
giosa,  Bee  Lacca. 
FIDERIS,  MINER  II  WATERS  OF.     Those 
.  in  the  Canton  of  the  Grisons,  are  strong, 
■eidulous,  and   alkaline,  and  possess  all   the  vir- 
tues of  the  elass. 

FIDGETS.  <>f  doubtful  etymology.  Dys- 
phor'ia  simplex,  I>.  nervo'ea,  Erethie'mue  simplex, 
Titnba'tio,C  :   .)  Feyk,  (F.)  Fre'tillement. 

General  restlessness  ami  troublesome  uneasiness 
of  the  nerves  and   muscles,  with  increased  sensi- 
bility,  and   inability    of  fixing   the   attention.   ;ie- 
Bompsnied   with   a   perpetual   desire  of  changing 
the  position.     Bee  Agacement  dee  Nerfe, 
FIDIC1  MALES,  Lumbricales  inanus. 
FIF.  Psychorss 
FTEL,  Bile—/  de  B<cuf,  Bile  of  the  ox—/. 

.  Fumaria. 
FIELDWEED,    Anthemis     cotula,    Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 
FIENTE,  Fimus. 

FIE  Yin:,     Fever—/.     d'Acces,    Intermittent 
fever — /.  Adynamique,  Typhus — /.  Algide,   see 
Algidua — /.  t? Amour,  Fever,  erotic — /.  Angeio- 
timque,  Synoehs — f.  Annuelle,  see  Annual  Dis- 
eases— /.   Ardent,   Ardent   fever,    Synoehs — /. 
Ataxique,   Typhus — /   de   la    Barbade,    Fever, 
yellow — /.  Bulleuee,  Pemphigus — /.  des  Camps, 
Typhus  Lrr:ivinr  —  /'.  Oatarrkale,  Catarrh — /.  Ca- 
tttrrhali  ipidimique,  Influenza—/.  Ciribrale,  Ce- 
rel>ral  fever — /.  CiribraU  des  Enfant,  Hydroce- 
phalus  interims — /.    Ce're'bro-epinal,   Meningitis, 
eerebro-spinal  —  /".  OhoUriqne,   Choleric  fever  — 
/.   </■    Coneomption,  see   Consumption  —  /.  Gonti- 
imatoire,     Synoehs  —  /'.     DSlirante, 
Fever,   deiiriotis  —  /"    Double,   Fever,   double — /. 
Doublie,  Fever,  double  —  /'.  EntSro-meeentSrique, 
Typhoid    fever — /.     Eph&mlre,     Ephemera — /. 
Etique,     Hectic    fever — /.    Gaetro-adynamique, 
Fever,  yellow—/.  Gastro-hfpatique,  Fever,  yellow 
•,■..  Hectic  fever—/,  ae  Hongn'e,  Pever, 
ric — /.  cTHSpital,  Typhus  grsvior—/.   I<- 
tiriqne,  Pever,  yellow— /.  Tnfiammatoire,  Synoehs 
— /.  fntermittente,   Intermittent  fever — /.  Tnter- 
mittente   paludienne,    see    Blodes — /.    Irritative, 
Synochn — /'.  Jamie  (FAmtriqne,  Pever,  yellow — 
ver,  milk — /.  de  Lait,  Fever,  milk  — 
/.    Laitense,    Pever,    milk — ./'.    Larvte,    Pever, 
1  -/.  Lentieulaire,  Typhus  grsvior — ■/.  du 
/'.    dee    Bfarais,    Intermittent 
irtmtnatique,  see  Blades— /.  Matelote, 
a — /  Miningo-gastriqne,  Fever,  gss- 
tric— /.  Misentfrique,  see  Typhus—/,  de  /<*  Moie- 
_ . i  ~  t  r i < • — /.  Bforbilleuse,  Rubeols — /. 
rphus  mitior — /,  Noaocomiale,  Typhus 
-/.  Oriite,  Urticaria—/.  OscitonU 
tanl  fever—/.  Patudeenne,  see  RIodea  -  /'.  Pirio- 
dique,  Intermittent  fever — /.  PSripneumonique, 
Pneumonia — f.  Pemicieust   dilirante,   -       Dell 
/'.  Pleuritique,  Pleurisy — /.  de*  Prisons, 
Typhus  grarior— ■/.  Pnettmonique,  Pneumonia — 


/.  Pourprte,  Scarlatina — /.  Pnerp4rale,  Fever, 
puerperal,  see  Peritonitis — /.  Quart*,  Qusrtso — 
/,  Quotidienne,  Quotidian — /.  a  Hechute,  see 
Relapse — /.  Htmittente,  Remittent  fever — /. 
Rhumatiemale,  Rheumatism,  aeut< — /.  Rouge, 
Roseola),  Scarlatina — /.  Sanguine,  Synochn — /. 
Semitierce,  Hemitritees — /.  ae  Slant,  Pen  r,  yel- 
low— /'.  Suante,  Sudor  Picsrdicus — /.  Syncopate, 
see  Fever  syncopal,  and  Syncopal — /.  Tierce, 
Tertian  fever — /.  TyphaHde,  see  Typhus—/. 
eulairt .  Pemphigus. 
FlJSVREl  A.  Peverish. 

FIG,  see  Ficus  esrics  —  f.  Indian,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGUE,  see  Ficus  caries. 

F1QUIER,  Ficus  esrica—  /.  d'Inde,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGURA  VENOSA,  Circulus  venosus. 

FIGURATIO,  [msgination. 

FIGl  RE,  Countenance. 

FIGURE,  (F.)  An  epithet  for  a  compressive 
bandage,  applied  over  the  head  after  bleeding 
from  the  frontal  vein.  It  has  aiso  been  called 
bandage  royal. 

FIGWORT,  Scrophnlaria  nodosa  —  f.  "Water, 
greater.  Scrophulsris  squatiea. 

FILACEOUS,  Filamentous. 

FILA  NERVEA,  Nerve-iibres— f.  Spcrmatica, 
Spermatosoa. 

FILA  IRE  DE  JIEUIXE,  Dracunculus. 

FIL'AMENT,  Filum,  Filamen'tum,  from  filnm, 
'a  thread.'  This  word  is  osed  synonymously 
with  fibril}  thus,  we  say,  a  nervous  or  c<U<dar 
filament  or  fibril.  Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like 
substance  which  forms  in  the  urine  in  some  dis- 
eases, and  which  depends  on  a  particular  -  ■  re- 
turn from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urinary 
passages, 

FILAMEX'TOUS,  Filamcnto'sus.  Filaceous; 
threadlike;  filiform.  Same  etymon.  Containing 
threadlike  substances,  as  the  tunica  filamentoea 
or  decidua:  —  Filamentous  urine;  urine  contaiu- 
ing  threadlike  substances. 

FILAMENTUM,  Frssnnm. 

FILARIA  GULNEENSIS,  Dracunculus  — f. 
Hominis  bronchialis,  see  Worms — f.  Medineusis, 
Dracunculus  —  f.  Octili,  see  Worms. 

FILBERT,  Corylns  avellana. 

FILE,  DENTAL,  Lima  den taria. 

FILELLUM,  Frmnum. 

FILET  DE  LA  LANGUE),  Frasnum  — /.  de 
In  Verge,  Frsenum  penis — /.  Operation  du,  seo 
Frsanum. 

FILKTTM.  Framum  luigme. 

FILICULA,  Polypodium  lilix  mas— f.  Dulcis, 
Polypodium  vulgare. 

FILTFOK.M.'/'////;o////.v,  fromfilum,  'a  thread,' 
and  forma,  'form.'  Having  the  .-hape  of  s  thread  ; 
as  the   " filiform  pspillae  of  the  tongue;"   a  "jili- 

fnrm  pulse."    See  Papillae. 

II  LI  NG,  Limstio. 

PILIPEND1  LA,  Spiraea  Blipendula. 

FILIUS  ANTE  PATREM,  Tussilsgo. 

PILIS  POSMINEA,  Pteris  aquilina  —  f.  Flo- 
rida, Osmnnda  regal  is—  f.  .Mas.  Polypodium  tilix 
mas — f.  Non  ramnsa  dentata.  Polypodium  liiix  mas 

t.  N  \  niT'liii  :i.  Pteris  sqnilina — f.  Pinnata,  Poly- 
podium filix  mas — f.  Veneris,  Adiantum  jiedatum. 

111.  I.E.  Girl. 

PILLET,  Pascla,  Lsqueus  —  f.  of  the  Corpus 
Csllosum,  ( lyrus  fornicatns. 

PILLING.  A  term  employed  in  dentistry  for 
the  operation  of  stuffing  the  cavity  of  a  carious 
tooth  with  some  indotnietiMe  substSUCe,  to  pre- 
vent the  seeesfl  of  extraneous  matter.- — OdontO- 
plero'sis.     See  Plugging. 

FILTB  I'TION,  Filtra'Ho,  Percola'tio,  E'thi- 
sis,  Ethi»' num.     Same    etymon   us    the    next.     A 


FILTRUM 


394 


FISTULA 


pharmaceutical  operation,  wbich  consists  in  pass- 
ing  a  fluid   through  a  filter  or  strainer,  for  the 
purpose  of  clarifying  it.     In  ancient  physiology,  I 
it  meant  the  action  by  which  the  different   hu- 
mours of  the  body  are  separated  from  the  mass  ■ 
of  the  blood. 

FILTRUM.  A  filter.  (F.)  Filtrej  —  from  I 
feutre,  'felt  or  fulled  cloth,'  wbich  was  used  to  j 
form  it.  Any  porous  material :  such  as  sand,  ] 
some  kinds  of  freestone,  powdered  charcoal,  i 
pounded  glass,  flannel,  unsized  paper,  &c,  through 
which  a  fluid  is  passed  for  the  purpose  of  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  matters  suspended  in  it. 

FILUM,  Filament  —  f.  Musculare,  Muscular 
fibre  —  f.  Taeniaforme,  Taeniola. 

Filum  Termina'le.  A  slender  ligament,  pro- 
longed from  the  nervous  sheath,  formed  by  the 
spinal  pia  mater,  which  descends  through  the 
centre  of  the  cauda  equina,  and  is  attached  to 
the  dura  mater,  lining  the  canal  of  the  coccyx. 

FHd'BRIA,  Parar'ma.  A  band,  a  fringe;  as 
the  fimbria  or  fimbriated  or  fringed  extremity  of 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

FIM'BRLS  CARNOS.E  COLI,  Appendicular 
pinguedinosEe  —  f.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

FIMBRIATED,  see  Fimbria. 
FIMUS,    Bor'borus,     Onthus,     Stercus.       (F.) 
Fiente.     Dung,  excrement. 

Fimus  seu  Stercus  An'seris,  Goose-dim g,  was 
applied  as  a  poultice  to  the  feet  in  malignant 
fever.     See  Chenocoprus. 

Fimcs    Equi'nus,   Stercus    equi    non    castra'ti. 
Stone  horse-dung  was  once  thought  antipleuritic. 
Fimus  Vacc.e,  Cow-dung,  was  employed  as  a 
cataplasm,  especially  in  gout. 
FIXCKLE,  Anethum. 

FINGER,  Digitus  — f.  Middle,  Medius  digitus 
— f.  Ring,  Annular  finder — f.  Stall,  Digitale. 
FINIS  ASPER.E  ARTERUF,  Larfnx. 
FIOLE.  Phiala. 
FIPPLE.  Lip.  under. 
FIR.  BALSAM,  Pinus  balsamea. 
Ftr-Moss,  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 
Fir,  Scotch.  Pinus  sylvestris — f.  Spruce,  Nor- 
way. Pinus  abies. 

Fir  Tree,  Silver,  European,  Pinus  picea. 
Fir,  Yew-leaved,  Pinus  abies. 
FIRE  DAMP,  Hydrogen,  carburetted— f.  Per- 
sian, Anthracion — f.  St.  Anthony's,  Erysipelas. 
Fire  Weed,  Erechthites  hieracifolia,  Senecio. 
FIRING.  Cauterization. 
FIRST  INTENTION,  see  Intention. 
FISHSKIN,  Ichthyosis. 

FISH-TONGUE.  (F.)  Langue  de  Carpe.  An 
instrument  —  so  called  from  its  shape  —  used  by 
some  dentists  for  the  removal  of  the  dentes  sa- 
pientiae. 

FISSICULA'TIO,  from  fissiculare,  'to  cut  off/ 
'open,'  'make  incisions.'  An  old  word  for  an 
opening  made  with  a  scalpel. 

FISSIPARITE,  see  Generation. 
FISSIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 
FISSURA,   Fissure  — f.   Canalis   Fallopii,   see 
Aquseductus  Fallopii — f.  Capillorura,  Distrix — f. 
Contrajacens,  Contra-fissura — f.  Cerebri  longitu-  I 
dinalis,  Fissure,    longitudinal,  of  the  Brain  —  f. 
Interlobularis,    Interlobular    fissure  —  f.    Magna 
vulva?,  see  Rima — f.  Palpebrarum,  see  Palpebra  \ 
— f.  Pilaris,  Trichismus. 

Fissu'ra  Loxgitudixa'lis,  Axte'rior  et  Pos-  I 
te'rior.     Two  vertical   fissures   in   the    median 
line,  in  front  of.  and  behind,  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  divide  it  superficially  into  two  sym- 
metrical  lateral  columns. 

Fissura  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis-  i 
sure,  transverse,  of  the  Brain. 

FISSURE.  Fissu'ra,  Schisma.  Scissu'ra,  Rhege, 
Ehegma,    lihegmus,     from    findere,    fission,     *  to 


cleave;'  a  long  and  narrow  cleft  or  opening  in  a 
bone — Rhage,  f>ayt],  Ceaeina,  Ktaayta.  (F.J  Fissure, 
Fente. 

Fissure  has  various  acceptations:  1.  A  frac- 
ture, Catag'ma  fissu'ra,  in  which  the  bone  is 
cracked,  not  separated,  as  in  fracture  ;  2.  A  nar- 
row, long,  and  superficial  solution  of  continuity, 
around  the  external  openings  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  A  sort  of  chap — (F.)  Gerewe — ob- 
served on  the  hands,  particularly  on  the  callous 
hands,  of  workmen,  in  certain  mechanical  em- 
ployments; 3.  Small  chapped  ulcerations,  soine- 
times  noticed  in  young  children,  owing  to  the 
contact  of  the  fasces  and  urine  with  the,  tine, 
delicate  skin  of  the  thighs,  nates,  and  genital 
organs;  4.  Clefts  of  a  more  or  less  deep  nature, 
occurring  on  the  genital  organs  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  anus,  in  those  labouring  under  syphilis. 
These  are  usually  called  rhagades.    See  Monster. 

Fissure  of  Bichat,  Fissure,  transverse,  of 
the  Brain — f.  Capillary,  see  Pilatio. 

Fissure,  Central.  The  aggregate  of  the  ca- 
vities or  ventricles  of  the  brain.  Meckel  consi- 
ders them  but  one  cavity,  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 

Fissure  of  Glaser,  Fissure,  glenoid  —  f.  of 
Glaserius,  F.  Glenoid. 

Fissure,  Glenoid,  Fissure  of  Glaser  or  Gl"se'- 
ritts,  (F.)  Fissure  ou  Seissure  de  Glaser,  Fente 
gleno'idale  ou  Felure  de  Glaser,  divides  the  gle- 
noid cavity  of  the  temporal  bone  into  two  parts, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  chorda  tympani.  Ac. 

Fissure  of  the  Helix.  A  small  vertical  fis- 
sure of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  a  little  above  the 
tubercle  for  the  attachment  of  the  attrahens  aurcm 
muscle. 

Fissure,  Infraorbitar,  Suborbitar  fissure. 

Fissure,  Longitu'dinal,  of  the  Brain.  Fis- 
su'ra cer'ebri  longitudina'lis*.  The  space  which 
separates  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain. 

Fissure.  Orbitar,  see  Orbitar  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar,  inferior,  Spheno-maxillary  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar, superior,  Sphenoidal  fissure — f.  Portal,  see 
Liver. 

Fissure  of  Rolan'do.  A  transverse  fissure 
placed  between  two  superior  cerebral  convolu- 
tions, wbich  are  met  with  above  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius. 

Fissure,  Semilu'nar.  A  notch  at  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  cerebellum,  where  it  receives 
fibres  which  connect  it  to  the  cerebellum  and 
mesocephalon. 

Fissure  of  Syl'vius,  Fissu'ra  seu  Fossa  Mag- 
na Si/l'vii.  A  deep,  narrow  sulcus,  which  ascends 
obliquely  backwards  from  the  temporal  ala  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  near  to  the  middle  of  the  parietal 
bone,  and  which  parts  the  anterior  and  middle 
lobes  of  the  cerebrum  on  each  side. 

Fissure  of  the  Tragus.  A  fissure  on  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  tragus  of  the  ear. 

Fissure,  Transverse,  of  the  Brain,  Great 
transverse  fissure,  Fissure  of  Bichat,  Fissu'ra  seu 
Einia  transversa  magna  cer'ebri.  A  fissure, 
which  passes  beneath  and  behind  the  edge  of  the 
middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  and  extends  beneath 
the  hemisphere  of  one  side  to  the  same  point  of 
the  opposite  side. 

FIST,  Sax.  Fyrr>  ™ynv,  Pygme>  Pugnus,  (F.) 
Poing.     The  clenched  hand. 

FIS'TULA,  'a  pipe  or  reed,'  Syrinx,  Syrin'ga, 
Aulos — when  of  a  small  size,  Aufis'cos.  A  solu- 
tion of  continuity,  of  greater  or  less  depth  and 
sinuosity;  the  opening  of  which  is  narrow,  ai  d 
the  disease  kept  up  by  an  altered  texture  of  parts, 
so  that  it  is  not  disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula  is 
incomplete  or  blind,  when  it  has  but  one  opening; 
and  complete  when  there  are  two,  the  one  com- 
municating with  an  internal  cavity,  the  other 
externally.  It  is  lined,  in  its  whole  course,  by 
a  membrane   which  seems  analogous  to  mucous 


FIS T  UL  ES  S  TE R  C  OKA  IRES 


FLAX 


lBCmbr  tplete  flettUei    may  be 

or  external,    The  former  ore  those  wbiofa  *']-«u 
internally  ;  the  latter  those  which  open  externally. 
',r  are  kept  Up  by  caries 
or  Door  straneoua  bodies  in  any 

of  the  tiring  textures,  or  by  purulent   cavities, 
la  of"  which  have  not  become  united.     In- 
ternal incomj  r.illy  soon  become 
complete,  since  t!i''  discharge  that  escapee  from 
them   into   the  cavities   into  which  tiny  open  has 
nit  tendency  to  make  its  way  outwardly, 
ulceration  of  the  integuments. 
Fistula'  have  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  discharge  which  they  afford,  and  the  organs 
in  which  they  are  seated, — as  lachrymal,  biliary, 
ealivary,    tynoviaL,     urinary  —  Fie' tula     uri'iice, 
■    objeot   of  treatment,  in  futu- 
res, is  to  bring  on  an  altered   condition  of 
the  parietea  of  the  canal,  by  astringent  or  stimu- 
lating injections,  cam-tics,  the  knife,  pre.---. 
Those    which    are    dependent    on    diseased    bone, 

cartilage,  tendon,  Ac.,  do  not  heal  until  after  the 

exfoliation  of  the  diseased  part.  Fistula:  of  ex- 
cretory ducts  are  produced  either  by  an  injury 
of  the  duct  itself  or  by  the  retention  and  accu- 
mulation of  the  fluids  to  which  they  have  to  give 
.  •.      Thus,    Fie'tula    lacryma'lie,    Dacryo- 

Ki/r'inx,    Kiiijilirnij'iiia    laeryma'le,    Ih/ilrnjiH   eaeci 

lac ry ma' lie,    Dropey  of  the  lachrymal  eac,   com- 
monly proceeds  from  the  obliteration  of  the  nasal 

ducts,  or  from  atony  of  the  lachrymal  sac:  which 
circumstances  prevent  the  tears  from  passing  into 
strila, 
FlSTDLA  is  ARC-,  Archoeyr'inx,  generally  occurs 
from  some  mechanical  pressure  or  impediment. 
The  principal  indication  in  the  treatment  of  these 
fistula  of  the  excretory  canals  being  to  put  a  stop 
to  the  constant  discharge  of  the  secretions,  Ac., 
through  the  preternatural  channel,  the  fistulous 
i-  at  times   laid   open,  and  a  communica- 
tion established  with  the  natural  excretory  canal ; 
• -.  strong  pressure  is  employed  to  procure 
its  obliteration. 

FiSTULA  I5ki.lini.yna.  Urinifcrous  tube — f.  Ci- 
balis,  (Esophagus — f.  Cruris,  Fibula — f.  Dura? 
matris.  Sinus  of  the  dura  mater  —  f.  Lacrymalis. 
■  ula — - f.  Mammas,  Mastosyrinx — f.  Nervo- 
rum, Neurilemma  —  f.  Sacra,  Medulla  spinalis. 
ral  column  —  f.  Spiritualis,  Trachea  —  f. 
Urinaria,  Urethra — f.  Ureterum  renum,  see  Calix 
—  f.  Urince,  see  Fistula  —  f.  Ventrieuli,  CEso- 
■ 

FISTULE3  STERCORAIRES,  see   Sterco- 

:-. 

FIS'TULOUS,  Fietulo'eue,  Syring"icue,  Syrin- 
.    V.)  Fietuleux.    Relating  to,  or  resembling, 
a  Bstula;  as  '  ajhtulous  opening.' 

FIT.  Pes. 

ROOT,  M-notropa  unifb.ra. 

FIT-.  NINE  DAY,  Triamu*  nascentram. 

PIVB  PINOERS,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

FIX  \  llo  MONONGE  \.  Melancholy. 

FIXED,  Fix  us,  from  figere,  fixnnt,  'to  fasten.' 
A  body  not  capable  of  being  volatilized  by  fire  is 
said  to  I,.-  fixed.  Thus,  we  .-ay  fixed  oils,  in  con- 
tradistinction  to  volatile  oile. 

FIX  FN*.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  four  leagues  from  Waldsassen,  in  Bava- 
[I  eon  tains  carbonic  acid,  holding  in  solu- 
tion carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  chlorides 
of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  soda  and  silica. 
In  Bavaria,  it  repl  tser  water. 

FIXI     DBNTES.     The    teeth    of   the    second 
>n. 

'  BELLA'TION,   FlabeUa'tio,  from  /label. 

iabtllatum,    (from   flabrnm,    'a    b 
wind,')  'toagitate the  air.'     An  operation  reoonv 
mended   by    Ami  ■•.  hich    coi  - 

tured    limbs     cool,    us    well    as    the 


dressings  surrounding  them,  by  the  renewal  of 
the  air  around  them,  either  by  the  use  of  a  fan, 
or  the  repeated  change  of  position  of  the  parts 
affected. 

PLABELLUM    FT  VENTLLABRUM 
DIS,  Polmo. 

PLACCID'ITY,  Flaccid'ita;  from  flaceidue, 
'flabby,1  'soft.'  Softness  of  a  part,  so  as  to  offer 
little  resistance  on  pressure. 

FLA(i.  BLUB,  fris versicolor — f.  Flue,  slender, 
Iris  Virginica — f.  Dwarf.  Iris  lacustrii — f.  Myrtle, 
Acorns  calamus — f.  Root,  Acoms  calamus. 

FLAGELLATIO,  Mastig 

FLAM  BE,  Iris  Germaniea — /.  B&tard,  Iris 
p8eudacorus. 

FLAM  BOISE,  Ignis  sylvatieua. 

FLAME,  VITAL.  Vital  principle. 

FLAMED,  Inflamed. 

FLAMMA,  Fleam— f.  Cordis,  Biolychnium— I 
Vitaiis.  Biolychnium. 

FLAMME,  Fleam—/*.  Vital c,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMETTE,  Fleam. 

FLAMMON,  Lachesis  rhombeata, 

FLAMMULA,  Fleam,  Ranunculus  ficaria  —  f. 
Cordis.  Biolychnium — f.  Jovia,  Clematis  recta  — 
f.  Vitaiis,  Animal  heat,  Biolychnium,  Vital  prin- 
ciple. 

TLANCS,  Flanks. 

FLANK'S,  II' id.  Wen,  Ln'tjones,  Lap'ara,  Ce- 
neo'nee,  (Prov.)  Liete,  (F.)  Fiance,  Lee  ties.  The 
regions  of  the  body  which  extend,  on  the  sides, 
from  the  inferior  margin  of  the  chest  to  the  crista 

iii,\ 

FLAP,  (F.)  Lambeau.  A  portion  of  the  soft 
parts  of  the  body  separated  from  those  beneath, 
but  still  attached  by  the  base.  Hence  there  may 
be  xflap  wounds.'  (F.)  Plaice  a  lambeanx,  and 
'flap  operations,'  (F.)  Operatione  d  lambeanx. 
When  the  flap  is  taken  from  one  part,  and  ap- 
plied to  another,  in  plastic  operations,  the  0]  era- 
tion  is  said  to  be  by  migration  <>f  the  flap,  (F.) 
Migration  du  Lambeau.  At  times,  the  Hap  is 
made  to  slide  over  the  part  to  which  it  has  to  ad- 
here:—  the  operation  is  then  said  to  he  by  the 
eliding  of  the  flap,  (F.)  Qlissement  du  Lambeau. 
The  flap  is  also,  at  times,  rolled,  inverted,  Ac, 
(F.)  Uoulement  ou  Invereion  du  Lambeau. 

Flap-dock,  Digitalis. 

Flap  Operation  of  Amputation,  Amputation 
&  lambeanx. 

FLAT  TOP,  Vernon ia  Xoveboracensis. 

FLATUARIUS,  Alchymist. 

FLA  TUEUX,  Windy. 

FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatulen'tia,  Flntu*,  Flatu- 
os'itan,  Aerijlux'ui,  Pneumato'sie,  Pmn 
ventrie'uli  it  enter* ica,  Bdee'ma,  Hyperpnetis'tia, 
Clydon,  Phyea,  Polyphy'eia,  Limo'eie  Fla'tus, 
Ereux'it,  Bombue,  Flatuoe'ity,  Wind,  Wind'iness, 
Ventoe'ity,  Vapour,  (F.)  Ventoeiti,  Flatuoeitt, 
Vent 8 ;  from  flo,  //"tin,  1,  '  to  blow.'  'Wind  emitted 
from,  or  accumulated  in,  the  digestive  tube  espe- 
cially. 

FLATULENT,  Windy. 

PLATULENTIA,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITE',  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITY,  Flatulence. 

FLATUS,  Crepitation.  Flatulence — f.  Furiosus, 
Ambulo-flatulentus — f.  Spinas,  Spina  rentoaa, 

PLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus 
mediea. 

FLAVOUR,  from  {¥.) flairer,  'to  smell.'    Tho 
quality  of  a  sapid  body,  which  is  appreciated  by 
the  taste  and  Bmell  combined,  and   mor< 
oially  by  the  latter.    Some  physiologists  consider 
that  flavour  is  effected  through  the  smell  alone. 

PL  Wis.  Yellow. 

FLAX,  COMMON,  Linutn  u-itati-simum  —  f. 
Purging,  Linum  catharticum — f.  ^in:d,  see  Liuuin 


FLEA 


96 


FLEXOR 


usitatissimum —  f.  Seed  tea,  Infusum  lini  compo- 
situm — f.  Toad,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

FLEA.  COMMON,  Pulex  irritans. 

FLEABANE,  GREAT,  Conyza  squarrosa— f. 
Various -leaved,  Erigeron  heterophyllum —  f. 
Canada,  Erigeron  Canadense — f.  Narrow-leaved, 
Erigeron  Philadelphicum  —  f.  Philadelphia,  Eri- 
geron Philadelphicum  —  f.  Skevish,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 

FLEAM,  Flumma,  Flam'mula,  Schaste'rion, 
Foaso'rium,  Phlebot'omum.  A  surgical  instru- 
ment used  for  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  (F.) 
Flamme,  Flammette.  It  consists  of  a  small  me- 
tallic box,  containing  a  spear-pointed  cutting  in- 
strument, which,  by  means  of  a  spring,  can  be 
f -j reed  into  the  vein.  It  is  much  used  in  Ger- 
many and  some  other  European  countries,  and  is 
not  unfrequently  employed  in  America;  but  is 
scarcely  ever  seen  in  France  or  Great  Britain. 

FLEAWORT,  Plantago  psyllium. 

FLECHISSEUR,  Flexor—/.  Court  commun 
des  orteils,  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  — /. 
Court  du  petit  doigt,  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti 
—/.  Court  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti pedis — /.  Frofoud  des  doigts,  Flexor  profun- 
dus perforans — -f.  Sublime  des  doigts.  Flexor  sub- 
limis  perforatus — f.  Superficicl  des  doigts,  Flexor 
sublimis  perforatus — -f.  Court  dugros  orteil,  Flexor 
brevis  pollicis  pedis — /.  Grand  commun  des  orteils, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus,  perfo- 
rans— /.  Long  commun  des  orteils,  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans—/.  Long  du 
gros  orteil,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — /.  Court 
du  pnuee.  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus. 

FLECK,  Abrasion. 

FLECTENS  PAR  LUMBORUM,  Quadratus 
luinborura. 

FLEGMEN,  Flemen. 

FLEMEN,  Flegmen.  A  tumour  about  the 
ankles.     Also,  a  chap  on  the  feet  and  hands. 

FLERECIN,  Gout. 

FLESH,  Curo,  Sarx,  (F.)  Chair.  Every  soft 
part  of  an  animal  is  so  named;  but  more  parti- 
cularly the  muscles,  which  are  called  muscular 
jftesh. 

Flesh,  Proud,  Fungosity. 

FLESHY,  Corpulent. 

FLETUS,  Lacrymatio. 

FLEUR  BE  COUCOU,  Primula  veris  — /. 
S'ainte-Catherine,  Nigella — /.  de  Sainte-Jacques, 
Thlaspi  bursa — /.  de  Tons  les  mois,  Calendula 
officinalis, 

FLEURS.  Flowers,  Menses—/,  de  Benjoin, 
Benjamin — ■/.  Blanches,  Leucorrboea— /.  de  Jfus- 
i-ade.  Mace — -/.  de  Sonfre,  Sulphur  sublimatum. 

FLEXIBILITY,  Flexibil'itas,  from  fiectere, 
fiexum,  '  to  bend.'  Capability  of  being  bent.  A 
physical  property  of  the  tissues,  which  varies 
greatly  according  to  the  structure.  The  tendons 
exhibit  this  property  in  a  marked  manner. 

FLEXIO,  Campsis,  Flexion. 

FLEX'ION,  Flex'io,  Campe.  Same  etymon. 
The  state  of  being  bent.  The  action  of  a  flexor 
muscle. 

FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Flechisseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  it  is  to  bend  certain  parts. 

Flexor  Brevis  Digito'ritm  Pkpis  Perfora'- 
TUS,  F.  Snbli'mis  sen  brevis  sen  digito'ritm  brevis 
sou  perforatus  pedis,  Perfora'tus  seu  flexor  secun'di 
interno'dii  digito'rum  pedis,  (F.)  Calcaneo-snus- 
jdialangettien  commun, — Calcaneo-sous-phafangi- 
iiien  commun,  —  (Ch.),  3/uscle  court  flechisseur 
commun  des  orteils.  A  muscle,  placed  at  the 
middle  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  is  narrower 
and  thicker  behind  than  before,  where  it  is  di- 
vided into  four  portions.  It  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  inferior  surface  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
second  phalanx  of  the  last  four  toes.     It  bends 


the  second  phalanges  of  the  toes  on  the  first,  and 
the  first  on  the  metatarsal  bones;  in  this  manner 
augmenting  the  concavity  of  the  vault  of  the 
foot. 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti,  F.  Parvus  mi- 
nimi digiti. 

Flexor  Brevis  Min'imi  Dig"iti  Pedis,  Para'- 
thenar  minor,  (F.)  Court  flechisseur  du  petit  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-pludaugien  du  petit  orteil — (Ch.)  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  arises  from  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  fifth  metatarsal  bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  posterior  part  of  the  first  phalanx 
of  the  little  toe,  which  it  bends. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Manus,  F.  secun'di 
interno'dii,  F.  primi  et  secun'di  ossis  pol'licis, 
Thenar,  (F.)  Court  flechisseur  du  pouce,  Carpo- 
phalangien  du  pouce — (Ch.),  Bemi-interosseux  da 
pouce.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the 
palm  of  the  hand.  It  is  divided  into  two  portions 
by  the  tendon  of  the  Flexor  longus  pollicis.  It 
arises  from  the  os  magnum,  the  anterior  annular 
ligament  of  the  carpus  and  the  third  metacarpal 
|  bone ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  superior  part  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb,  and  into  the  two 
ossa  sesamoidea  at  the  articulation  of  the  first 
phalanx  with  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Its  use 
I  is  to  bend  the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the 
first  metacarpal  bone,  and  the  latter  upon  the 
trapezium. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Pedis,  F.  brevis  seu 
hal'lucis  seu  brevis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Tarso-phalan- 
gien  du  pouce,  Court,  flechisseur  du  gros  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-phalangettien  du  premier  orteil — (Ch.) 
It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot;  is  thin  and  narrow  behind,  thick 
and  divided  into  two  portions  before.  It  arises 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  os  calcis  and  the  last 
two  cuneiform  bones,  and  is  inserted  at  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  base  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  into  the  two  sesamoid  bones  of  the 
corresponding  metatarso-phalangian  articulation. 
It  bends  the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  on  the 
first. metacarpal  bone. 

Flexor  Carpi  Radialis,  Palmaris  magnus — 
f.  Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  (muscles) — f.  Hallu- 
cis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  pedis — f.  Hallucis  longus, 
F.  longus  pollicis  pedis. 

Flexor  Longus  Digito'rum  Pedis  Profun- 
dus Per'forans  ;  Per'forans  seu  Flexor  profun'- 
dus,  Perodacti/le'  us,  Peronodacti/l'ius,  Perono- 
dacti/li&'us,  Peronedacti/l'ius,  Flexor  digito'rum 
longus  seu  Perforans  pedis,  Perforans  seu  Flexor 
tertii  internodii  digito'rum  pedis  ;  (F.)  Tibio-pha- 
langettien — (Ch.),  Grand  Ou  long  flechisseur  com- 
mun des  orteils.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  deep-seated  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  the  inferior 
of  which  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and  its 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
lower  surface  of  the  three  phalanges  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  three  phalanges  on  each 
other,  and  the  toes  on  the  metatarsus,  and  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg. 

The  Accesso'rius  Flexo'ris  Longi  Bigito'rum 
Pedis,  Caro  quadra'ta  Syl'vii,  C.  accesso'ria, 
Massa  car'nea  Jaco'bi  Syl'vii,  Planta'ris  verve* 
(F.)  Accessoire  du  long  flechisseur  commun  des 
orteils,  Carree  (Chair,)  is  a  small  muscle  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
os  calcis  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  flexor  longus, 
whose  force  it  augments,  and  corrects  its  obliquity. 

Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Manus,  F.  longus 
pollicis,  F.  tertii  interno'dii  seu  longis'simus  ])ol- 
licis  ;  (F.)  Radio-phalangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.) 
Situate  at  the  anterior  and  profound  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  upper  three  quarters 
.;  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  radius  and  interos- 


FLEXURA 


307 


FLUELLEN 


seous  ligament,  and  is  inserted,  by  ft  tendon,  into 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  last  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  benda  the  second  phalanx  of  the 
thumb  on  the  first;  the  first  on  the  corresponding 
metacarpal  bone,  and  this  anon  the  radius.  It  i 
can.  ale  .  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Fli  xor  Lonoi  a  Pol'lk  is  Pbdis,  /'.  Hal'lucia 
peu  Pallida  tongue,  (F.)  PironSo-phalangien  du 
groeorteil,  Long  (ISckiaeeur  du  grot  orteit,  P&ronto- 
tou*-P  \aiangt  ■■'■  n  >ln  ponce, — (Ch.)  It  is  situate 
at  the  posterior  and  profound  part  of  the  leg.  It 
sterior  surface  of  the  fibula  and 
the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted,  by 
Ddoa,  into  the  inferior  part  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  to,'.  It  Lends  the 
third  phalanx  on  the  first,  and  this  upon  the  cor- 
responding  metatarsal  hone.  It  augments  the 
concavity  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  extends  the 
foot  on  the  leg. 

Flbxob    Partus   Min'imi   Dig"iti,  F.  brevu 

minimi  dii/iii  mantis,  Abductor  minimi  digiti,  Ihj- 

•  r  Riofa'ni  sen  minimi  digiti,  (F.)  Cdrpo- 
pkalangien  <ln  petit doigt — (Ch.),  Court fliehieeeur 

•  doigt  It  arises  from  the  anterior  an- 
nular ligament  of  the  carpus  and  the  process  of 
the  oa  unoiforme,  and  is  inserted  at  the  inner  Side 
of  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of 
the  little  linger.  It  bends  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
little  finger. 

Fj  i  \  ia  PbbFOBAHS,  F.  profundus  perforans — 

f.  Perforates,  F.  suhlimia   perforates  —  f.  Primi 

internodii,  Opponena  pollicis — f.  Primi  internodii 

digitorum  mantis,  Lumbrioalis  mantis — f.  Primi 

llicis,  F.  brevia  pollieis  manus. 

Flbxob  Pbofds'dus  Pbb'fobabb,  /'.  Pro/un- 

i  Per'/orans  seu  ter'tii  interno'dii  digito'- 

rum  iihuiun,  Perforans  mantis  ;  (F.)  Cubito-phalan- 

rnmmun  —  (Ch.),    Flechixsenr  pro/and  des 

doigtt.  A  thick,  flat,  long  muscle,  Beated  beneath 
tor aublimia per/or atiu.  Its  upper  extremity 
is  simple,  and  arises  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
ulna  and  from  the  interosseus  ligament.  Its  infe- 
rior extremity  terminates  by  four  tendons,  which, 
after  having  passed  through  slits  in  the  sub- 
limit, are  inserted  into  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
balangee  of  the  four  fingers.  It  bends 
the  third  phalanges  on  the  second,  and,  in  other 
respects  has  the  same  use  as  the  flexor  sublimis 
perforatum 

I'm  cob  Bbcubdi  Internodii  DiGiTonor  Penis, 
F.  brcvis  digitoram  pedis — f.  Tertii  internodii,  F. 
longus  pollicis  manus — f.  Tertii  internodii  digito- 
rum  111:1110-.  F.  profundus  perforans — f.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii digitorum  pedis,  F.  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  —  f.  Ossis  metacarpi 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  —  f.  Perforates  pedis, 
1".  breris  digitorum  pedis — f.  Sublimis,  F.  brevis 
digitorum  pedis. 

FlbXOB  St  iu.i'mis  Perfora'tus,  F.  Perfora'- 
tus, (F.) ^Ftechisseur  aublime  ou  superficiel  des 
doigt*,  Epitroklo-phalanginien  cornmun,  —  (Ch.) 
It  is  a  thick,  flat,  muscle,  seated  :t t  the  anterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  Its  upper  extremity,  which 
i-<  simple,  arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
OS  humeri;  —  from  the  ooronoid  process  of  the 
ulna,  and  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  radius. 
Its  lower  extremity  divides  into  four  tendons, 
which  slide  under  the  anterior  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus,  and  are  inserted  into  the 
phalanges  of  the  hot  foot  fingers,  after  baring 
-!it  to  allow  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  pro- 
fandua  to  pass  through  them.  Thia  muscle  hands 
■  oid  phalanges  on  the  first :  these  on  the 
Carpal  hone--,  and  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

PLEXURA,  Curvature— f.  Iliaca,  Sigmoid 
flexm  idea,  Sigmoid  flexure. 

PLICK,  Epiploon. 

FLIXWEED,  Sisymbrium  sopbia, 
i  [NQj  Hsemorrhagia. 


FLOCCI.  see  Villous  membranea — f.  Volitantcs, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

PLOCCILATION,  Carphologia. 

I  LOCCILEGIUM,  Carphol 

FLOCCITATION,  Carphologia, 

ri.",vni;i  m   vkxatIO.  Carphologia. 

FLOCCULI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

FLOCCULUS;  diminutive  of  Jloccua,  'alock 
of  wool' — Pneumogae' trie  lob'ule,  Lob'ulua  ptn  »- 
nogcu'tricua.  A  long  and  Blender  prominence, 
extending  from    the   side   of  the  vallecula  around 

the  corpus  res  tiforme  to  the  eras  cerebelli,  lying 
behind  the  filaments  of  the  pnenmogastric  di 
FLOR  DE  HISTELA,  Bee  Mistura. 

FLORENCE,  CLIMATE  <>F.  This  agreeable 
Italian  city  is  by  no  means  a  favourable  residence 
for  the  phthisical  invalid.  Sir  dames  Clark  af- 
firms, indeed,  that  he  does  not  know  any  clasg 
of  invalids  for  whom  Florence  offers  a  favourable 
residence.  It  is  suhject  to  sudden  vicissitudes 
of  temperature,  and  to  cold,  piercing  winds  du- 
ring the  winter  and  spring. 

FLORES  BENZOES,  Benjamin,  flowers  of— 
f.  Boracis,  Boracio  acid  —  f.  Cosso,  see  Hagenia 
Abyssinica — f.  Macidos,  see  ofyrietica  moschata 
f.  Macis.  .Mace — f.  Martiales.  Ferrum  ainnioniatuin 
—  f.  Salis  ammoniac!  martiales,  Ferruia  auimo- 
niatum. 

FLORIDA,  CLIMATE  OF.see  Saint  Augustine. 

Florida,  Waters  OF.  Near  Long  Lake,  in 
Florida,  United  States,  which  communicates  with 
St.  John's  River  by  a  small  creek,  there  is  a  vast 
fountain  of  hot  mineral  water,  issuing  from  a 
hank  of  the  river.  From  its  odour  it  would  seem 
to  be  sulphureous. 

FLOR  10 X,  Influenza. 

FLOS,  Anthoa.  A  flower.  Also,  tbe  finest  and 
noblest  part  of  the  body,  and  virginity. 

Fi.os,  JoviS,  Crocus— f.  Lactis.  Cremor  laetia — 
f.  Salis,  Soda,  subcarhonate  of — f.  Sanguineus 
monardi,  Tropseolum  ma  jus  —  f.  Trinitatis,  Viola 
tricolor — f.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

FLOUR,  COLD,  Pinoli. 

Flour,  Patent,  Jonks's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat-flour, 
with  tartaric  acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

FLOUR,  Potato,  see  Solatium  tuberosum. 

FLOWER  DF  LUCE,  Iris  Germanica, 

FLOWFKS.  Florea,  (F.)  Fleura.  The  ancient 
ehymists  gave  this  name  to  different  solid  and 
volatile  substances  obtained  by  sublimation.  The 
term  is  not  yet  entirely  banished  from  chymical 
ami  medical  bin gu age,  as  Flowera  of  Benjamin, 
Flowere  uf  Sulphur,  &c. 

Flow  Kits,  Menses. 

Flowebs,  Four  Cakmin'ativk.  Quat'uor  flores 
carminati'vi,  were  chamomile,  dill,  fever-few,  and 
melilot. 

Flowers,  Four  Cob'dial,  Quat'vpr  florea  eor- 
dia'lee,  were  formerly,  borage,  bugloss,  i"~.  b,  and 
violets. 

FFFCTUATIO,  Fluctuation— f.  Aurium,  Tin- 
nitna  aurium. 

FLUCTUATION,  Fluctua'tio,  from  fluctuate, 
fluctuatum,  [fluetue,  'a  wave,')  'to  undulate.' 
Undula'tio,  (F.)  Undulation.  The  undulation 
of  a  fluid  collected  in  any  natural  or  artificial 
cavity,  which  is  felt  by  pre. -me  or  by  percussion, 
properly  practised — peripheric  fluctuation.  In 
ascites,  the  fluctuation  is  fell  by  one  of  the  hands 
being  applied  to  one  side  of  the  abdomen  whilst 
the  other  side  i<  struck  with  the  other  hai  I;  I  i 
»ea,  fluctuation  i-  perceived  by  pressing  on. 
the  tumour,  with  one  or  two  fingers  alternately, 
on  opposite  points. 

FLI  citation-.  PbBTPHBBIC,  Bee  Fluctuation — f. 

Rhonchal,  see  Rhonchal  —  f.  by  Succnasi 
Succussion. 

FLUFLLEN,  Antirbinum  clutinc. 


FLUELLIN 


39 


FOETAL 


3.  Exhaled  or 
Perspiratory 


Follicular. 


5.   Glandular. 


FLUELLIN,  Veronica. 

FLUEURS,  Menses — f.  Blanches,  Leucor- 
rhoea. 

FLUID,  Flu' Idas,  from  fluere,  'to  flow/  The 
human  body  is  chiefly  composed  of  fluids.  If 
one,  weighing  120  pounds,  be  thoroughly  dried 
in  an  oven,  the  remains  will  be  found  not  to 
weigh  more  than  12  or  13  pounds;  so  that  the 
proportion  of  fluids  to  liquids  in  the  body  is 
about  9  or  10  to  1. 

Table  of  Fluids  of  the  Human  Body. 

1.  Blood. 

2.  Lymph. 
'Transpiration   of  the  mucous, 

serous,  and  synovial  mem- 
branes; of  the  areolar  mem- 
brane ;  of  the  adipous  cells  ; 
of  the  medullary  membrane; 
of  the  interior  of  the  thyroid 
gland;  of  the  thymus;  supra- 
renal capsules;  eye;  ear; 
vertebral  canal,  &c. 
'  Sebaceous  humour  of  the  skin  ; 
cerumen  ;  gum  of  the  eye; 
mucus  of  the  mucous  glands 
and  follicles;  that  of  the 
tonsils,  of  the  glands  of  the 
cardia,  the  environs  of  the 
anus,  the  prostate,  &c. 
Tears;  saliva;  pancreatic  fluid; 
bile;  cutaneous  transpiration; 
urine  ;  fluid  of  the  glands  of 
Cowper;  sperm;  milk;  of 
the  testes  and  mammae  of 
the  new-born  child. 
Fluid,  Burnett's  Disinfecting,  see  Burnett 

—  f.     Cephalo-rachidian,     Cephalo- spinal    fluid 

—  f.  Cephalo -spinal,  Cephalo -spinal  fluid  —  f. 
Cerebro-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid  —  f.  Deodo- 
rizing, Ellerman's,  see  Ellerman  —  f.  Ledoyen's 
Disinfecting,  see  Ledoyen — f.  of  Scarpa,  Vitrine 
auditive  —  f.  Subarachnoidean,  Cephalo-spinal 
fluid. 

FLUIDE  SEMINAL,  Sperm. 

FLUID UM  NERVE UM,  Nervous  fluid  — f. 
Ccrebro-spinale,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

FLUKE,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Liver,  Disto- 
ma  hepaticum. 

FLUMEN  DYSENTERICUM,  Dysentery. 

FLUMMERY,  (Scotch)  Sowens.  A  preparation 
of  oatmeal,  which  forms  a  light  article  of  food 
during  convalescence.  It  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows:— Take  of  oatmeal  or  groato,  a  quart.  Rub 
with  two  quarts  of  hot  water,  and  let  the  mixture 
stand  until  it  becomes  sour;  then  add  another 
quart  of  hot  water,  and  strain  through  a  hair  sieve. 
Let  it  stand  till  a  white  sediment  is  deposited; 
decant,  and  wash  the  sediment  with  cold  water. 
Boil  this  with  fresh  water  till  it  forms  a  mucilage, 
stirring  the  whole  time. 

FLUOR,  Flux — f.  Albus  Intestinorum,  Coeliac 
flux — f.  Albus  malignus,  Gonorrhoea  impura  —  f. 
Muliebris,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Muliebris  non  Galli- 
cus,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Sanguinis  pulmonum,  Hae- 
moptysis— f.  Sanguinis  vesicae,  Cystorrhagia. 

FLUSH,  Flushing.  (F.)  Rongeurs,  Bouffee  de 
Ohaleur;  from  (G.)  Fliessen,  -to  flow.'  The 
temporary  redness  and  heat  produced  by  accumu- 
lation of  blood  in  the  capillaries  of  the  face;  as 
the  sudden  flush'  or  '  blush  of  emotion  :'  the  'flush 
of  hectic' 

FLUX,  Fluxus,  Proflu'vium,  Fluor,  from  fluere, 
'to  flow.'  A  discharge.  Rhysis.  In  nosology, 
it  comprises  a  series  of  affections,  the  principal 
symptom  of  which  is  the  discharge  of  a  fluid, 
Generally  it  is  employed  for  dysentery. 

Flux,  Bil'ious,  Fluxus  bilio'ms.    A  discharge 


of  bile,  either  by  vomiting  or  by  stool,  or  by  both, 
as  in  cholera. 

Flux,  Bloody,  Dysentery  — /.  de  Bouche,  Sa- 
livation— /.  Bronchi  que,  Bronchorrhoea — f.Dy- 
senterique,  Dysentery — f.  Hemorrhoidal,  see  Ilai- 
morrhois — f.  Hipeitique,  Hepatirrhoea  —  f.  Men- 
strual, Menses — /.  Miiqveux,  Catarrh — /.  Mu- 
queux  de  I'estomac,  Gastrorrhcea — f.  Jfuqueux  de 
la  vessie,  Cystirrhoea — f.  Root,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa — /.  Saiivaire,  Salivation  — /.  de  Sang,  Ilas- 
morrhagia,  Dysentery — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhoea 
—  f.  de  Sperme,  Spermatorrhoea — f.  de  Sueur, 
Ephidrosis  —  f.  Weed,  Sysiinbrium  sophia — /. 
a"  Urine,  Diabetes — /.  de   Ventre,  Diarrhoea. 

FLUXIO,  Fluxion— f.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea  — f. 
Arthritica,  Gout — f.  Vulva?,  Leucorrhoea. 

FLUX'ION,  Flux'io,  Afflux'us.  A  flow  of 
blood  or  other  humour  towards  any  organ  with 
greater  force  than  natural.  A  determination. 
Thus  we  say,  in  those  disposed  to  apoplexy, 
there  is  a  fluxion  or  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head. 

FLUXION  CATARRH  ALE,  Catarrh-/,  sur- 
les  Dents,  Odontalgia. 

FLUXION  DE  POITRINE,  (F.)  By  this 
name,  the  French  often,  understand  acute  pulmo- 
nary catarrh,  or  pleurisy,  but  most  commonly 
peripnemnony. 

FLUXUS,  Discharge— f.  Alvinus,  Diarrhoea — 
f.  Capillorum,  Alopecia — f.  Chylosus,  Coeliac  flux 
— f.  Cceliacus,  Coeliac  flux — f.  Cceliacus  per  Rones, 
Chyluria — f.  Cruentus  cum  tenesmo,  Dysentery 
— f.  Dysentericus,  Dysentery — f.  Hepaticus,  He- 
patirrhoea, see  Hepateros  —  f.  Lientericus,  Lien- 
tery — f.  Lunaris,  Menses  —  f.  Matricis,  Leucor- 
rhoea—  f.  Menstrualis,  Menstruation  —  f.  Men- 
struus,  Menses  —  f.  Muliebris,  Leucorrhoea — f. 
Salivae,  Salivation — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhoea — f. 
Splenicus,  Malaena — f.  Venereus,  Gonorrhoea  im- 
pura— f.  Ventriculi,  Gastrorrhoea. 

FLY-GOLDING,  Coccinella  septem  punctata. 

FLY-POISON,  Amianthum  muscastoxicum. 

FLYTRAP,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium,  Sar- 
racenia. 

FOALFOOT,  Tussilago. 

FOC'ILE.  The  name  was  formerly  given  to 
the  bones  of  the  leg,  as  well  as  to  those  of  the 
forearm. 

Focile  Majus,  Tibia  —  f.  Inferius  seu  majus, 
Ulna — f.  Minus,  Fibula  —  f.  Minus  seu  superius, 
Radius. 

FOCUS  APOPLECTICUS,  Apoplectic  cell. 

FCECUNDATIO,  Fecundation. 

FCECUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

FGECUNDUS.  Fecund. 

FCEDI  COLORES,  Chlorosis. 

FCEMEN.  Perinseum. 

FCEMINA,  Female. 

FCEMINESCENTIA,  Feminescence. 

F03NICULUM, Anethum— f.  Aquaticum,  Phel- 
landrium  aquaticum — f.  Erraticum,  Peucedanum 
silaus  —  f.  Marinum,  Crithmum  maritimum — f. 
Officinale,  Anethum — f.  Porcinum,  Peucedanum 
— f.  Vnlgare,  Anethum. 

F03NUGREEK,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCENUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus  odoratus— 
f.  Gra'cum.  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCETAB'ULUM.  An  encysted  abscess.— Mar- 
cus Aurelius  Severinus. 

FCETAL,  Fopta'lis.  Relating  to  the  foetus.  A 
name  given  to  the  parts  connected  with  the  foetus. 
Thus  we  say — the  foetal  surface  of  the  placenta, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  titeri)ie  or  maternal 
surface. 

Fcetal  Circulation  differs  from  that  of  the 
adult  in  several  respects.  Commencing  with  the 
placenta,  where  it  probably  undergoes  somechange 
analogous  to  what  occurs  in   the  lungs  in  extra- 


F  (E  T  A  T 1 0  X 


3  99 


FOLLICULI    GRAAFIAN  I 


uterine  existence,  the  blood  proceeds  by  the  um- 
bilical vein  as  far  as  the  liver,  where  a  part  of  it  is 
poured  int  i  the  vena  porta  :  the  other  proceeda  into 
%  inferior;  the  latter,  having  n 

the  Bnphrahepatic  veins,  poura  its  bl i  into  the 

right    aurii  le.     From  the  right  auricle,  a  | 

-■■nt  int  i  the  ri,_'ht  ventriole;  the  reel 

I  i--  -  directly  through  into  the  left  auriele,  by 

the   foramen  "ovale.     When   the   right  ventricle 

contracts,  the  blood  is  sent  into  the  pulmonary 

artery  ;  but  as  the  function  of  respiration  is  not 

going  "ii.  no  mure  blood  passes  to  the  lungs  than 

.    for  their  nutrition ;    the  remainder 

Lireotly  through  the  ductus  arteriosus  into 

t;lL>  Rorl  1  by  the  loft  auricle 

from    the    In  I    as   that    which    ]   iB8e  I 

-  i    the   foramen    ovale,   is   transmitted   into 

the  left  ventricle;   by  the  contraction  of  which  it 

la   sent  into  the  aorta,  and  by  means   of  the  u  in  - 

bilicul  arteries,  which  arise  from  the  hypogastric, 

it  i-  returned  to  the  placenta. 

i.    II .   vi,.      The   diameters  of  this   at  the 
full  period  are  as  follows:— 1.  The  Biparietal  or 
ng  from  one  parietal  protube- 
rance to  the  other,  and  measuring  8$  inches.    2. 
The    Temporal,  from   one    temple  to    another,  3 
::.  d'he  Oecipi to-mental,  from   the  occiput 
to  the  chin  :   the  greatest  of  all,  5  inches.      4.  The 
Oceipito-frontal    or    antero-poeterior,    1  \    or    \\ 
inches.     .">.  The  Gervieo-bregmatie,  from  the  nape 
to   the   centre  of  the   anterior  font.i- 
ti.   The  Fronto-mental,  from  the  forehead 
to  the  chin,  ah  >ut  Si  inches.     7.  The  Trackelo- 
bregmatie,  from  the  front  of  the  neck  to  the  ante- 
mtanelle,  3j  inches.     8.  The  Vertical  dia- 
frora  the  vertex  to  the  base  of  the  cranium. 
Postal  Xi  tuition.  Cyotrophy. 
F03TATI0N,  Pregnaney. 

iHlDK.    Fatieid'ium,    from  fcetu*,    and 
usdere,  -to  kill;'  Aborticid'ium.     Criminal  abor- 

riDUS,  Fetid. 
YiY  COR,  Dysodia. 


a  Alarum.    The  disagreeable  rank 

exhale. 1  from  the  axilla-. 

1   t  Oris,  Breath,  offensive. 

FQ2TUS,  Feitu,  Cii'-' inn,  Ohu*  ventrie,  Sar'eina. 
ung  of  any  creature.'  The  unborn  child. 
i  .  /'.  ti  ..  /  .,;,.  By  *»es  <•  '  ':■••  '"'"•  Hipp 
meant  the  fecundated,  but  still  imperfect. 
It  corresponded  with  the  terra  embryo,  as  now 
ns<  l  :  whilst  tpPpvov, '  embryo,'  signified  the  foetus 
at  a  more  advanced  stage  of  the  atero-gestation. 
The  majority  of  anatomists  apply  to  the  germ  tie 
name  embryo,  which  it  retains  until  the  third 
month  of  gestation,  and  with  some  until  the  pe- 
riod of  quickening;  whilst  /trine  is  applied  to  it 
in  its  latter  Stages.  The  terms  are.  however, 
often     used     indiscriminately.      When    the    ovule 

■  ii    fecundated    in  the  ovarium,  it  p: 
slowly  towards,  and  enters  the  uterus,  with  which 

it  becomes  ultimately  connected  by  means  of  the 
placenta.  When  fust  seen,  the  foetus  has  the 
form  of  a  gelatinous  Hake,  which  some  bai 
pared  to  an  ant,  a  grain  of  barley,  a  worm  curved 
upon  it-elf.  Ac  The  foetal  increment  is  very 
rapid  in  the  first,  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  months 
of  its  formation,  and  at  the  end  of  nine  months 
it  bas  attained  its  full  dimensions  —  Enfant  & 
terme.  Generally,  there  is  hut  one  foetus  in  utero; 
sometimes,  there  are  two:  rarely  three.  The 
foatus  presents  considerable  difference  in  its  shape, 
weight,  length,  situation  in  the  womb,  propor- 
tion of  its  various  parts  to  each  other,  arrange- 
ment and  texture  of  it.-  organs,  state  of  its  func- 
i  tions  at  different  periods  of  gestation,  Ac.  All 
I  these  differences  are  important  in  an  obstetrical 
and  medico-legal  point  of  view.  The  following 
table  exhibits  the  length  and  weight  of  the  foetus 
at  different  periods  of  gestation,  on  the  authority 
of  different  observers.  Their  discordance  is  stri- 
king. It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  Paris 
pound  —  Paid  de  Marc — of  16  ounces,  contains 
9216  Paris  grains,  whilst  the  avoirdupois  contain-, 
only  8532,5  Paris  grains,  and  that  the  Paris  inch 
is  1.065977  English  inch. 


At  .°,0  days, 

Beck. 

Maygrier. 

Granville. 

Beck. 

Maygrier. 

Granville. 

Length. 

Weight. 

3  to  5  lines 

10  to  12  lines 

9  or  10  grains 

2  months, 

2    inches 

4  inches 

1  inch 

2  ounces 

5  drachms 

l'<i  grains 

3 

u 

3h 

6      " 

3  inches 

2  to  3       " 

2}  ounces 

li  ounces 

4 

" 

5  to  6    " 

S      " 

4  to  5       " 

7  or  8  •« 

5 

u 

7  to  9   " 

10      " 

9  to  1 0     " 

16            " 

6 

(i 

9  to  12  " 

12      " 

9  inches 

1  to  2  lbs. 

2  pounds 

1  pound 

7 

u 

12  to  Id  " 

11      " 

12      '« 

2  to  3    " 

3 

2  to  1  •• 

8 

it 

16  " 

16      " 

17      " 

3  to  4    '< 

4        " 

4  to  5  " 

FanUB,  Pregnant  —  f.  in  Foetu,  Cryptodidy- 
iiiu-. 

Poctub  Skj'timis'tris.  A  seven  months' foetus. 
'  --  Zrphtrii  s,  Mole. 

FOFE,  Liver — /.  d'AntimeHne,  Oxidum  stibii 
■ulphuretom — f.  de  Son/rt .  PotasssB  sulphuretum. 

FOIN  DE  CHAMEAU,  J  uncus  odoratua. 

ME,  Mercurialis. 
.  I   \     AP  MACHINES,    see    Ilex    Para- 
Peragum,  [lex  Paraguensis. 
POLIACBUH    ORNAMENTUM,    see    Tuba 
J  i 

FOLIE,  Insanity—/.  Al — lique,  Delirium  tre- 

•  ferogiu  -.  Delirium  tremens. 
FOLLETTE,  Atriplex  hortensis,  Influensa. 
FOL'LICLB,  Follie'ulu*,  ''jniix,  diminutive  of 
J        ,i  bag.     See  Crypt  a. 

Folliclbb,  Ciliary,  Meibomius,  glands  of— 
f.  of  L»  lliculi  Graafian! —  f.  Hair,  see 


Hair  —  f.  of  Lieberkiihn,  see  Intestine — f.  Nail, 
see  Nail  —  f.  Palpebral,  Meibomius,  glands  df 
—  f.  Solitary,  Prunner's  glands — f.  Synovial, 
Bursas  mucosa). 

FOLLICULAR,  Follic'ulome,  Follic'xil 
lieulo'eue,  (P.)    Folliculeux,  from  'follicle.'     Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  a  follicle, — as  *f allien  tar 
inflammation,'  inflammation   affecting  erypts  or 
follicles,  Follicufi'tie. 

Follicular  Elevations,  Tubercles,  pearly. 

FOLLICULE,Crypf—f.  Ciliaire,  Meihomiu*, 
gland  of  —  /".  CeVamtnetwe,  Ceruminoua  glands— 
/.  Dentaire,  Dental  follicle—; f.  Paipibral,  Meibo- 
mius, glands  of. 

FOLLICULBS  DE  ORAAF,  Follicull  Graaf- 
ian!. 

FOLLICULI  OB  \  \!T A'NT.  /'.  Ova'rii,  <)<„ 
sen  O'vula  Oraafia'na,  Follielee  Of  1 
Qraaf,  Graafian  or  Ooa'rian  vee'iclee,  (F.J  J'ol- 


FOLLICULITIS 


400 


FORAMEN 


licules  on  Veaicules  de  Graaf.  Small  spherical 
vesicles  in  the  stroma  of  the  ovary,  which  have 
at  least  two  coats ;  the  outer  termed  ovicapsule 
and  tunic  of  the  ovisac,  tu'nica  fibro'sa  and  theca 
follic'uli ;  the  latter,  ovisac  and  membra' na  pro- 
pria ;  reiicnle  ooulifere  of  M.  Pouchet.  See 
Memhrana  granulosa.  They  exist  in  the  foetus. 
The  ovum  —  ovule  of  some  —  is  contained  in,  and 
formed  hy,  them. 

Kolliker  terms  the  follicles  themselves,  O'visacs, 
Ovisac'ci.  The  interior  of  the  follicles  contains 
a  cl  ar,  light  yellowish  fluid — liquor  follic'uli — of 
the  density  of  the  serum  of  the  blood,  in  which 
are,  almost  always,  isolated  granules,  nuclei  and 
cells,  which  appear  to  be  detached  portions  of  the 
membrana  granulosa. 

Folliculi  Ovarii,  Folliculi  Graafiani  —  f.  Ro- 
tundi  et  Oblongi  cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulce 
— f.  Sanguinis.  Globules  of  the  blood — f.  Sebacei, 
Sebaceous  glands  —  f.  Sebacei  coronse  glandis, 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

FOLLICULITIS,  Follicular  inflammation. 

FOLLICULOSE  GLAND,  Crypta. 

FOLLICULUS,  Vulva, 

Follic'ulus  A'eris,  Air-chamber.  A  space  at 
the  larger  end  of  the  bird's  egg,  formed  by  a  se- 
paration of  the  two  layers  of  the  shell  membrane, 
which  is  inservient  to  the  respiration  of  the  young 
being. 

Folliculus  Dentis,  Dental  Follicle — f.  Fellis, 
Gall-bladder — f.  Genitalis,  Scrotum — f.  Mucosus, 
see  Crypta — f.  Pili,  see  Hair. 

FOMENT,  Fove're,  (F.)  Etuver,  Bassiner.  To 
apply  a  fomentation  to  a  part. 

FOMENTATION,  Fomenta'tio,  Fotus,  Py'ria, 
Thermos' ma,  Chlias'ma,  jEone'sis,  Perfu'sio,  As- 
yier'sio,  Fomen'tum,  (quasi  fovimentum,)  from/o- 
vere,  'to  bathe.'  (F.J  Hydrole,  Hydrolotif.  A 
sort  of  partial  bathing,  by  the  application  of 
cloths  which  have  been  previously  dipped  in  hot 
water,  or  in  some  medicated  decoction.  They 
act,  chiefly,  by  virtue  of  their  warmth  and  mois- 
ture, except  in  the  case  of  narcotic  fomentations, 
where  some  additional  effect  is  obtained. 

A  dry  fomentation,  Fomen'tum  siccum,  Lec'tulus 
medica'tus,  is  a  warm,  dry  application  to  a  part ; 
—  as  a  hot  brick,  wrapped  in  flannel;  —  a  bag, 
half  filled  with  chamomile  flowers  made  hot,  &c. 

Fomentation  Herbs,  Hcrbce  pro  fotu.  The 
herbs,  ordinarily  sold  under  this  title  by  the  Eng- 
lish apothecary,  are  —  southernwood,  tops  of  sea 
tvormwood,  chamomile  flowers,  each  two  parts;  bay 
leaves,  one  part,     ^iijss  of  these  to  Ovj  of  water. 

FOMENTUM,  Fomentation  —  f.  Siccum,  see 
Fomentation. 

FOMES  MORBI,  F.  mali.  The  focus  or  seat 
of  any  disease.     (F.)  Foyer. 

Fomes  Ventriculi,  Hypochondriasis,  Spleen. 

FOM'ITES,  plural  of  fomes,  fomitis,  '  fuel,  any 
thing  which  retains  heat.'  Enaus'ma,  Zop'yron. 
A  term  applied  to  substances  which  are  supposed 
to  retain  contagious  effluvia;  as  woollen  goods, 
feathers,  cotton,  &c. 

FONCTION,  Function. 

FONCTIONNEL,  Functional. 

FOND,  Fundus. 

FONDA.VENTAL,  Fundamental. 

FONDANT,  Solvent. 

FONDEMENT,  Anus. 

FONDLING,  Idiot, 

FONGTFORME,  Fungoid. 

FONGO'fDE^Fvmgoid. 

FONGOSITE,  Fungosity. 

FONGUEUX,  Fungous. 

FONGUS,  Fungus—/.  Jfedullaire,  Encepha- 
loid. 


FONS,  Fontanella  —  f.  Lacrymarum,  see  Can- 
thus— f.  Medicatus,  Water,  mineral — f.  Pulsans, 
Fontanella  —  f.  Pulsatilis,  Fontanella— f.  Saluta- 
ris,  Water,  mineral  —  f  Soterius,  Water,  mineral 
— f.  Vitalis,  Centrum  vitale. 

FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Fonsange  is  situated  near  Nismes  in  France. 
The  water  is  sulphuretted. 

FONTAINE  DE  LA   T&TE,  see  Fontanella. 

FONTA'NA,  CANAL  OF.  A  canal  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ciliary 
circle;  partly  formed  by  the  groove  at  the  inner 
edges  of  the  cornea  and  sclerotica. 

FONTANEL'LA.  A  fontanel ;  —  diminutive 
of  fans,  fontis,  'a  fountain.'  (F.)  Fontanelle, 
Fons,  F.  2iUlsat'ilis  seu  pulsans,  Vertex  paf- 
pitans,  Bregma,  Fontic'ulus,  Lacu'na,  3/on/d. 
The  opening  of  the  head.  A  name,  given  to  a 
space  occupied  by  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  in 
the  foetus  and  new-born  child,  and  situate  at  the 
union  of  the  angles  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium. 
There  are  six  fontanels.  1.  The  great  or  sivcip'- 
ital  or  anterior,  fontic' ulus  quadrangula'Hs,  Fu>i- 
taine  de  la  Tete,  situate  at  the  junction  of  the 
sagittal  and  coronal  sutures.  2.  The  small  <>r 
bregmat'ic  or  posterior,  situate  at  the  part  where 
the  posterior  and  superior  angles  of  the  parietal 
bones  unite  with  the  upper  part  of  the  os  occi- 
pitis.  3.  The  two  sphenoidal,  in  the  temporal 
fossae;  and,  4.  The  two  mastoid,  or  of  Casserius, 
Fontic'idi  masto'ides  seu  Casse'rii,  at  the  union 
of  the  parietal,  occipital,  and  temporal  bones. 

FONTE,  Colliquation. 

FONTES,  see  Fons— f.  Medicati  Plumbarii, 
Plombieres,  mineral  waters  of — f.  Sulphurei  ca- 
lidi,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous. 

FONTICULE  A  POIS,  see  Fonticulus. 

FONTIC'ULUS,  Foutanel'la,  Exuto'rium,  Ev'- 
ittory,  Issue,  (F.)  Fonticule,  Cautere.  E.cutoire. 
Diminutive  of  fons,  fontis,  'a  fountain.'  A  small 
ulcer  produced  by  art,  either  by  the  aid  of  caus- 
tics or  of  cutting  instruments;  the  discharge  from 
which  is  kept  up  with  a  view  to  fulfil  certain  the- 
rapeutical indications.  The  Pea  issue,  (F.)  Fon- 
ticule d  pois,  is  kept  up  by  means  of  a  pea,  placed 
in  it.  This  pea,  (F.)  Pois  d  cautere,  is  sometimes 
formed  of  wax;  at  others,  the  young,  blasted 
fruit  of  the  orange  is  employed.  The  common 
dried  garden  pea  answers  the  purpose.  The  setou 
is  also  an  issue. 

Fonticulus  Casserii,  see  Fontanella — f,  Mas- 
toideus,  see  Fontanella  —  f.  Quadrangularis,  see 
Fontanella. 

FOOD,  Aliment  —  f.  Farinaceous,  see  Farina- 
ceous— f.  of  the  Gods,  Asafoetida. 

Food,  Prince  of  Wales's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as  ar- 
row-root, is  said  to  consist  entirely  of  potato- 
flour. 

FOOL'S  STONES,  MALE,  Orchis  mascula 

FOOT,  Pes— f.  Flat,  see  Kyllosis— f.  Griffon's, 
Grvphius  pes. 

FOOTLING  CASE.  A  presentation  of  the  foot 
or  feet  in  parturition. 

FORA'MEN,  Trema,  from  foro,  <I  pierce.' 
Anlos,  (F.)  Trou.  Any  cavity,  pierced  through 
and  through.     Also,  the  orifice  of  a  canal. 

Foramen  Alveolare  Anterius,  see  Palatine 
canals — f.  Alveolare  posterius,  see  Palatine  canals 
—  f.  Amplum  pelvis,  Obturatorium  foramen — f. 
Anonymum  Ferreinii,  see  Aqmeductus  Fallopii 
— f.  Aquaeductus  Fallopii,  F.  stylomastoideum  — 
f.  Auditorium  externum,  see  Auditory  canal,  ex- 
ternal—  f.  Auditorium  internum,  see  Auditory 
canal,  internal — f.  of  Bichat,  see  Canal,  arachnoid 
— f.  of  Botal,  see  Botal  foramen — f.  Ciocuin  ossis 
maxillaris  superioris,  see  Palatine  canals. 

Foramen   Cecum  op  the  Medul'la  Oblon- 


F0RAT10 


401 


FORMICA 


gata  or  of  Vicq.  d'Aztb  ;  (Fr.)  Tron  borgne.  A 
tolerably  deep  fossa  at  the  point  where  the  me- 
dian furrow  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata  meets  the  pons. 

Forami  \  CMCVM  OF  tiik  Tung n:,  see  Caecum 
foramen,  and  Tongue  —  f.  Carotid,  see  Carotioa 
foramina. 

mi-.n  Ckntra'i.F:  KT  LlMBUS  Li'tki  s  1!  11'- 
ix.e.  The  central  foramen  and  fellow  spot  of  the 
retina;  discovered  by  So'mmering ;  Hac'ula  ln'- 
tea,  jhim  sea  aVrea,  (F.)  Taehe  jaune.  It  is 
sit .iate  about  two  lines  to  the  outside  of  the  optic 
nerve,  and  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  eve. 
FOBAMBM  CoMMOBB  Am'KIiiis,  Vulva  —  f.  Com- 
mune posterior,  see  Anus — f.  Condyloid, see  Con- 
dyloid— f.  Conjugationis,  see  Conjugation — f.  Eth- 
moideum,  <  Irbitar  foramen,  internal— f.  Incisivum, 
see  Palatine  canal  —  f.  Enfraorbitarium,  see  Sub- 
orbitar  canal  —  f.  Infrapubianum,  Obturatorinm 
foramen  —  f.  .Jugulare,  Laoenim  posterios  foramen 

—  f.  Laoernm  in  basi  eranii,  Laoerum  posteriua 

foramen — f.  Lacerum   infcrius.  Sphenomaxillary 

—  f .  Lacerutn  superius,  Sphenoidal  fissure 

— f.  Magnum,  see  Occipital  bone — f.  Mastoid,  see 

I  foramen — f.  Mental,  see  Mental  foramen. 

Foramkn  OF  Monro,  Fora'men  Monroia'uum. 
An  opening  behind  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  for- 
nix, somewhat  above  the  anterior  commissure, 
by  which  the  third  ventricle  communicates  with 
the  lateral  ventricle;  so  called  after  the  second 
Monro. 

Foramen  of  Morgagni,  see  Caecum  foramen 
anil  Tongue — f.  Obturatorium,  Obturator  foramen 

—  f.  Oculi,  Pupil  —  f.  (Esophageum  (of  the  dia- 
phragm,) see  (Esophagus,  and  (Esophageal  aper- 
ture of  the  diaphragm  —  f.  Oodes,  Ovale  foramen 

—  f.  Opticum,  Optic  foramen  —  f.  Opticum  Cbo- 
rioideae,  see  Optic  nerves  —  f.  Orbitarium  inter- 
num, Orbitar  foramen,  internal  —  f.  Orbitarium 
superius.  Orbitar  foramen,  superior,  F.  supra- 
orbitarium  —  f.  Ovale,  Eotal  foramen,  Fenestra 
OValis,  Obturatorium  foramen.  Ovale  foramen — f. 
Ovale,  patency  of  the,  see  Cyanopathy — f.  Pala- 
tinum  anterius,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Palatinum 
posterius,  see    Palatine  canals  —  f.    Palato-maxil- 

e  Palatine  canals — f.  Rotundum,  Fenestra 
rotunda — f.  Spheno-spinosum,  Spinale  foramen  — 
f.  Spinale,  Spinal  foramen — f.  Spinosum,  Spinal 
foramen  —  f.  Tarini,  see  Aquseductua  Fallopii  — 
f.  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium  foramen  —  f.  of 
Winslow,  Hiatus  of  Winslow. 

Foramina  Cribrosa,  see  Cribratus. 
1       lm'ina    Thbbb'sii.     Openings   resembling 
vascular  orifices,  found  below  the  orifice  of  the 
vena  cava  superior  in  the  right  auricle,  which  are 
supposed  to  be  the  openings  of  veins. 
FORATIO,  Trepanning. 

FORCE,  from/orfts,  'strong.'     Fie,  Pot  en' ti a, 
'a,   Dy'namis,   Cratos.     Any  power  which 
produces  an  action.     Those  powers  which  are  in- 
herent in  organization  arc  called  vital  force*.    We 
10,  organic  force,  and    muscular  force,  to 
ate  that  of  the  organs  in  general,  or  of  the 
muscles    in    particular.     To  the  latter  the  word 
Dynamie,  Svvauts,  corresponds;  and  the  absence  of 
this  force  is  termed  adyna'mia.     The  vital  force* 
have  to  be  carefully  studied  by  the  pathologist. 
The  doctrine  of  diseases  is  greatly  dependent  on 
their  augmentation  or  diminution;    freedom  or 
oppression,  Ac. 

FOBCB  op  Assimilation,  Plastic  force— f.  Cata- 
lytic, aee   Catalysis— f.  Cell,  see   Cell   force— f.  of 
Formation,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Germ,  Plastic  force 
— f  Midieatrice,  Vis  medicatriz  —  f.  Metabolic, 
'  itabolie  force— f.  of  Nutrition.  Plastic  force 
— f.  Osmotic,  see  Osmotic  force— f.  of  Vegetation, 
Plastic  force— f.  Vital,  Vis  vitalis— /.    I  . 
ri  talis. 
FORCF  1 1  PAL,    MIXP  UAL    WATERS    OF. 
26 


The  name  of  a  mountain,  situate  four  leaguej 
from  Perpignan  in  France.  The  water  is  chaly- 
beate. 

FORCEPS,  quasi./.  //•/<■,  ^,s-,  from/  rrvm, '  iron.' 
and  capio,  '\  take.'  Pincer*,  Labis,  VoUel'la*, 
An  Instrument,  for  removing  bodies  wbicb  it 
would  be  inconvenient  or  impracticable  to  seize 
with  the  fingers.  (P.)  /'inc.  Pincette.  There 
are  various  kinds  of  forceps,  1.  The  ordinary 
kind,  contained  in  every  dressing-case,  for  re- 
moving lint,  Ao.  from  wounds  or  ulcers.  |  F.)  Piu- 
ii-  if  paneemeiii  on  d  anneaux.  '2.  Dissecting  i  r 
Lig'ature  or  Arte' rial  Forceps,  (P.)  Piuce  d  din- 
section,  /'.  d  ligature,  to  lay  hold  of  delicate  parts. 
.",.  PoVypm  Forceps,  Tooth  Forceps,  Forcejo*  ■  >' 
Mu»i  ».'■  lor  laying  hold  of  the  tonsils  i  i 
parts  to  be  removed.  4.,  The  Bullet  Forceps, 
Strombul'cut,  (F.)  Tirehalle.  b.  The  Lithot'onty 
Forceps,  LithoVabon,  Lithago'gum,  Tenac'ulu, 
Volsel'la,   which  resembles   the    Crauiota 

P.)  Tenettea.     6.  The  Cataract  Forcej 
Pince  a  Cataraete,  resembling  the  dissecting  for- 
ceps, but  much  finer.     7.  The  Pince  d  ga 
branches  of  which  can  be  brought  together,  and 
retained  by  a  movable  sheath. 

Forceps  is  also  an  instrument  used  by  obstetri- 
cal practitioners  to  embrace  the  head,  and  bring 
it  through  the  pelvis.  It  consists  of  two  branches, 
blades  or  levers;  one  of  which,  in  the  case  of  the 
short  forceps,  is  passed  over  the  ear  of  the  child, 
and  the  other  opposite  the  former,  so  that  th ■: 
blades  may  lock.  When  the  head  is  seer,' 
eluded  between  the  blades,  the  operation  of  ex- 
traction can  be  commenced.     See  Parturition. 

Forceps,  see  Corpus  callosum — f.  Anterior,  seo 
Corpus  callosum — f.  Arterial,  see  Forceps  —  f. 
Pullet,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Craniotomy,  see  I 
—  f.  Deceptoria,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Lithotomy,  see 
Forceps — f.  of  Museux,  see  Forceps — f.  Polypus, 
see  Forceps — f.  Tooth,  see  Forceps. 

FORD'S    BALSAM    OF    HOREIIOUND,  see 
Balsam  of  horehound. 

FOREARM.  Antibra'chium,  Pygme,  Part  »»/«•'- 
rior  bra'chii,  Cu'bitus,  (F.)  Avant-bras.     The  part 
of  the  upper  extremity,  comprised  between  the 
arm  and  the  hand.     It  is  composed  of  two  bones 
— mil; iisi  and  ulna —  and  20  muscles. 
FOREFRONT.  Front. 
FORFHKAl).  Front. 
FORE-MILK,  Colostrum. 
FOREIGN   BODY,  Kxtraneousbo.lv. 
FORENSIC    ANATOMY,    see   Anatomy  — f. 
Medicine,  Medicine,  legal. 
FORES,  Genital  organs. 
FORESKIN.  Prepuce. 
FORETOP,  Front. 

FORFEX,  Ciseau,  Scissors — f.  Dentaria,  Den- 
tagra. 

FORFIC'ULA  AURICULA'RIA.  Earwig*  An 
insect  of  the  Order  Orthoptera,  which  occasion- 
ally enters  the  meatus  auditoriua  extern  us,  and 
excites  intense  pain.  It  may  be  destroyed  by 
tobacco-smoke,  or  hy  oil  poured  into  the  meatus. 
FORGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Forges 
IS  situate  four  leagues  from  Qouruay,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Seine  Inferieure,  France.  There 
are  three  springs,  which  are  acidulous  ehnly- 
beates.  These  an' called  Royal,  Reinette,  and  ''.</- 
dinal,  in  honor  of  Louis  XIII..  Queen  Anne  of 
Austria,  and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who  need  them. 
FORMATIVE,  Plastic. 

FORMI'CA.  Myrmex,  Tin*  ant  or  pismire. 
I  V. )  i'liiirnii.  It  contains  an  acidjuiee  nnd  gross 
oil,  which  were  formerly  extolled  m  aphrodisiacs. 
The  chrysalides  of  the  animal  are  said  to  be 
diuretic  and  carminative:  and  have  been  used  in 
dropsy.  2.  Also  the  name  of  a  black  wai 
nt'iii  formica' ria,  with  a  broad  base  and  cleft 
surface;  so  called  because  the  pain  attending  it 


FORMICAXT 


40: 


FOSSETTE 


resembles  the  biting  of  an  ant.  pvpiitiicia,  mi/rme'- 
eia.  -Forestus.  3.  A  varicose  tumour  on  the 
amis  iuid  glane  penis,     4.  Miliary  herpes. 

FORMICA  AmbulATOKIA,  Herpes  circinatus — 
f.  Corrosiva,  Herpes  exedens. 

FORM'ICANT,  Formi'eaha,  Sfyrme'dzon,  from 
formica.  Mil  ant.'  (F.)  Fourmi/lant.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  pulse,  Pulsus  formi'cans,  when 
extremely  small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal, 
and  communicating  a  sensation  like  that  of  the  | 
motion  of  an  ant  through  a  thin  texture. 

FORMICATION,  Formiea'tio,  Myrmecia*'- 
inux,  Myrmeci'asis,  Myrmecis'miu,  Myrmeeo'sis, 
Stupor  formi'cans.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Four- 
millement.  A  pain,  compared  with  that  which 
would  he  caused  by  a  nuinher  of  ants  creeping 
on  a  part. 

FORMIX,  Herpes  esthiomenus. 
FORMULA,    Prescription  —  f.  Extemporanea, 
see  Magistral  —  f.  Magistralis.  see  Magistral  — f. 
Medica,  Prescription  —  f.  Officinalis,  see  Magis- 
tral. 

FORM'ULARY,  Formula' rium,  Narthe'cia, 
Narthe'cium,  Nartkex.  From  -formularius,  (di- 
minutive of  forma,  'form').  One  skilled  in  pre- 
paring writs  or  forms  of  process. — Quintilian.  A 
collection  of  medical  formulae  or  receipts. 
FOR  MULE,  Prescription. 
FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro- 
form. 

FORVYLE,  TO  DURE  DE,  Iodoform. 
FORNIX,  'an  arch  or  vault.'     F.  cer'ehri  sen 
triiat'erus   seu   tricuspida'lis,  Psalis.  Psalid'.ium, 
Cam'era,  Testu'do  cer'ebri,  Arcus  medulla1 ris.  (F.) 
Trigone    cerebral — (Ch..)    Voute   a    train  piliers, 
Triangle  Medullaire.     A  medullary  body  in  the 
brain,  helow  the  corpus  callosum  and  above  the 
middle  ventricle,  on  the  median  line.    This  body, 
which  is  curved  upon  itself,  terminates  anteriorly 
by  a  prolongation,  which  constitutes  its  anterior 
pillar,   Cms  seu   Colum'na  fomi'cts,  (F.)  Pilier 
antSrieur,  and  posteriorly  by  two  similar  prolon- 
gations,   called   posterior  pillars   or   crura.      See 
Achicolum,  and  Vault. 
Fornix  Cerebri,  Fornix. 
FORNPECKLES,  Ephelides. 
FORPEX,  Scissors. 
FORRET.  Front, 

FORSTERA'NIA  DIFFORM'IS.  Echi'tes  dif- 
f arm' is   seu   puber'ula;   indigenous:    Ord.  Apo- 
cynaceae ;  is  said  to  be  used  as  a  wash  wirh  milk 
to  remove  freckles.     The  juice  destroys  warts. 
FORTIFIANT,  Corroborant,  Tonic. 
FOR  TRA ITURE,  Hysteralgia. 
FORTYKNOT,  Achyranthes  repens. 
FOSSA,    Fo'vea,   from  fodio,  fotsnm,  CI   dig.' 
Scamma.     A  cavity  of  greater  or  less  depth,  the 
entrance  to  which  is  always  larger  than  tbe  base. 
The  fossae  of  bones  have  been  called  simple,  when 
they  belong   to  one  bone   only,  as  the  parietal 
fossa ;    and    compound,     (F.)    Fosses    composees. 
when  several  concur  in  their  formation,  as   the 
orbitar  fossa?,  temporal  fossa,  <fec. 

Fossa,  Amygdaloid,  Amyg'daloid  excava'tion. 
The  space  between  the  anterior  and  posterior 
pillars  of  the  fauces,  which  is  occupied  by  the 
tonsils. 

Fossa  Amyn't.e.  A  kind  of  bandage,  used  in 
fractures  of  the  nose:  so  called,  by  Galen,  from 
Amyntas  of  Rhodes,  its  inventor.  It  consisted 
of  a  long  band,  applied  round  the  head,  the  turns 
of  which  crossed  at  the  root  of  the  nose. 
Fossa  Canina,  Canine  fossa: 
Fossa  Cerebkl'li,  (F.)  Fosse  cerebellense.  The 
inferior  occipital  fossa,  which  lodges  the  corre- 
sponding portion  of  the  cerebellum. 

Fossa  COROVA'LIS,  Coro'nal  or  frontal  fossa. 
A  depression  ou  the  orbitar  plate  of  the  frontal 


or  coronal  bone,  which  supports  tbe  anterior  lobe 
of  the  brain. 

Fossa  Coronoi'oea,  Cor' onoid  fossa.   A  cavity 
before  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus,  in 
which  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  is  engaged 
during  the  flexion  of  the  forearm. 
FOSSA  CoTTLOIDEA,  see  Cotyloid. 
Fossa,  Digas'tric,  Fossa  digas'triea.     A  deep 
groove  on   the   mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  which  gives  origin  to  the  digastric  muscle. 
Fossa  Ethmoida'lis,  Ethmoid  fossa.     A  shal- 
low gutter  on  the  upper   surface   of   the   cribri- 
form  plate   of    the    ethmoid    hone,  in    which    is 
lodged    the   expanded    portion    of    tbe    olfactory 
nerves. 

Fossa  Genu,  Popies. 

Fossa  GrOTTURA'LIS,  Gut'tural  fossa.  The  de- 
pression which  forms  the  guttural  region  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium,  between  the  foramen  mag- 
num and  posterior  nares. 

Fossa  Hyaloidea,  see  Hyaloid  (Fossa)  —  f. 
Iliac,  se^  Iliac  fossaj  —  f.  Infra-orbitar,  Canine 
fossa — f.  Infra-spinous,  see  Infra-spinata  fossa. 

Fossa  Innomina'ta.  The  space  between  the 
helix  and  antihelix  of  the  ear. 

Fossa,  Ischio-rectal,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Ju- 
gularis,  Jugular  fossa  —  f.  Lacrymalis,  Lachry- 
mal fossa — f.  Lenticularis,  see  Hyaloid  membrane 
—  f.  Magna  Muliebris,  Vulva  —  f.  Magna  Sylvii, 
^Fissura  Sylvii. 

Fossa,  Mental.  Fossa  menta'lis.  A  small  de. 
pression  on  each  side  of  the  symphysis  on  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the  maxilla  infe- 
rior, for  the  attachment  of  muscles. 
Fossa  Naviculars,  Navicular  fossa. 
Fossa  Occipita'lis,  Oeeip'ital  fossa.  The 
occipital  fossae  are  four  in  number:  the  superior 
or  cerebral,  and  the  inferior  or  cerebellous.  They 
are  separated  by  a  groove,  which  lodges  the  late- 
ral sinus. 

Fossa  Ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  f.  Palatina, 
Palate — f.  Patellaris,  see  Hyaloid  membrane — f. 
Perinaei,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Pituitaria,  Sella  Tur- 
cica. 

Fossa  Poplite'a,  Poplite'al  fossa.  The  hol- 
low of  the  ham  ; — the  popliteal  region. 

Fossa,  Portal,  see  Liver — f.  Scaphoides,  Na- 
vicularis  fossa. 

FOSSA  SlGMOlDEA.  Sulcus  sinus  latera'/is.  A 
broad  deep  groove  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which 
supports  part  of  the  lateral  sinus. 
Fossa,  Scborbitar,  Canine  fossa. 
Fossa,  Subpyram'idal,  F.  svbpyramida'h's.  A 
deep  fossa  under  the  pyramid  and  behind  the  fe- 
nestra rotunda  in  the  middle  ear,  remarkable  For 
its  constancy,  and  pierced  by  several  foramina  at 
the  bottom. 

Fossa  Sppra-spfienoidalis,  Pituitaria  fossa — 
f.    of    Sylvius,    Fissure    of    S.  —  f.    Temporalis, 
:  Temporal    fossa — f.   Transversa,    see  Liver — f. 
'■  Umbilicalis,  see  Liver. 

Foss.c  Cerebra'les,  Cer'ebraf  fossa.  Fossae 
or  excavations  at  the  base  of  the  cranium.  They 
are  nine  in  number:  three  occupy  tbe  i 
line,  and  three  are  placed  at  each  side.  They  are 
distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  ami  posterior. 
Foss.*:  Digitales.  see  Impression. 
FOSSE  BASILAIRB,  Basilary  fossa—  jr. 
Sous-epineuse,  Infra-spinata  fossa — f.  Sus-cpi- 
ncnse,  Fossa  supra-spinata. 

FOSSES  CONDTLOIDTEXXES,  Condylo- 
idea  foramina — -f.  Nasales,  Ouvertures postei  ieurcs 
des,  Nares,  posterior. 

FOSSETTE  (F).  Diminutive  of  fossa.  Sero- 
I  bic'ulus,  Both'rion.  Several  depressions  are  so 
:  called.  A  dimpled  chin.  Fossette  du  menton,  con- 
|  sists  in  a  slight  depression,  which  certain  persons 
|  have  on  the  chin.     2.  A  dimple  of  the  check,  (F.) 


FOSSETTE 


403 


FR.EXUM 


Fo8sette  des  joues,  a  depression  which  occurs  on 
the  cheeks  of  certain  persons  when  they  laugh. 
Scrobic'ulu8    cordis,  Anticar'dion,    Pracor'dium, 
(F.)  Fossette  du  coeur.     The  depression  observed  j 
on  a  level  with  the  xiphoid  cartilage  at  the  ante-  i 
rior  and  inferior  part  of  the  chest.     It  is,  also,  | 
called  pit  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Creux  de  Vestomac.  i 

FOSSETTE,  Fos'sida,  A' nidus,  Bothrxum,  is 
also  a  small  ulcer  of  the  transparent  coruea,  the 
centre  of  which  is  deep. 

FOSSETTE  ANGULAIRE  DU  QUATRI- 
EME  YEXTRICULE,  Calamus  scriptorius  — /. 
du  Coeur,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 
FOSSORIUM,  Fleam. 

FOSSULA,  Argema,  Fossa,  Fossette,  Fovea. 
FOTHERGILL'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et 
coloeynthidis. 

FOTUS,  Fomentation — f.  Communis,  Decoctum 
papaveris. 

FOU,  Insane. 

FOUETS,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 
FOUGERE  DOUCE,    Polypodium  —  /.   Fe- 
mcllc,  Asplenium  filix  fcemina,  Pteris  aquilina — 
/.  Grande,  Pteris  aquilina—/.  Male,  Polypodium 
filix   inns. 

FOUL  DISEASE,  Syphilis. 
FOU  LURE,  Sprain. 

FOUNDLING  HOSPITAL.  Brephotropheum. 
FOUR  CHE,  (F.),  fourche,  '  cleft ;'  from  /urea, 
•'a  fork.'  Aposte'ma  Phalan'gum.  A  French 
provincial  term  for  small  abscesses  which  form  on 
the  fingers  and  hands  of  working  people.  Also, 
an  instrument,  invented  by  M.  J.  L.  Petit,  for 
compressing  the  ranine  artery  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage from  that  vessel. 

FOURCHETTE',  diminutive  of  fourche, 
Furcil'la,  a  little  fork,  Fur'cula.  A  surgical 
instrument  used  for  raising  and  supporting  the 
tongue,  during  the  operation  of  dividing  the 
fra3num. 

Fourchette,    in   anatomy,    is,    1.  The   posterior 
commissure  of  the  labia  majora,  called  also,  Frce- 
ntim.  Eras' nulum  puden'di,   Fur'cula   Labrn'ruiii  ; 
2.  The  cartilago   ensiformis:    so  called  from  its 
being   sometimes    cleft   like   a   fork.     Also,    the 
semilunar   notch    at   the    superior   or  clavicular 
extremity  of  the  sternum. 
FOURMI,  Formica. 
FOURMILLANT,  Formicant 
FO URMILLEMENT,  Formication. 
FOUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 
FO'VEA, — diminutive,  Fove'ola, — from  fodio, 
'I  dig.'  [?]     Bothros.    A  slight  depression.    Fon'~ 
an/a.     The  pudendum  muliebre ;  see  Vulva.     The 
fossa  navicularis.     A  vapour-bath  for  the  lower 
extremities. 

Fovka   Axillaris,  Axilla  —  f.   Elliptica,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli  —  f.    Hemisphasrica,    see   Crista 
Vestibuli  — f.  Lacrymalis,   Lachrymal  fossa — f. 
Oculi,  Orbit  — f.  Ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa  — f.  Semi- 
elliptica,  see  Crista  Vestibuli — f.  Sulciformis,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli. 
FOVEOLA,  Fovea. 
FOWER,  Syncope. 
FOXBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 
FOXGLOVE,  Digitalis. 
FO  YE II,  Fomes  morbi. 
FR ACTIO NNEMENT,  Segmentation. 
FRACTURA,    Fracture  — f.    Dentis,    Odonto- 
clasts. 

1  It  VCTURE,  Fractu'ra,  from  franc/ere,  frac- 
t n '».  'to  break,'  'bruise.'  Catag'ma,  C.  Fractu'ra, 
Cat  ax' is,  Clasis,  Olaxma,  At/me,  Agtna,  Diar'- 
rhage.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  a  bone,  Os- 
teoe'la»ia.  A  simple  fracture  is  when  the  bone 
only  is  divided.  A  compound  fracture  is  a  divi- 
sion of  the  bone  with  a  wound  of  the  integuments 
communicating  with  the  bone,— the  bone,  indeed, 


generally  protruding.    In  a  com' minuted  fracture 

Alphite'  don,  aX<pirt]8ov,  Cari/t '  dan  Catag  '  nut, 
KapvtfSov  Karayjxa,  the  bone  is  broken  into  several 
pieces;  and  in  a  complicated  fracture  there  is,  in 
addition  to  the  injury  done  to  the  bone,  a  lesion 
of  some  considerable  vessel,  nervous  trunk,  &c. 
Fractures  are  also  termed  transverse,  oblique,  &c, 
according  to  their  direction.  The  treatment  of 
fractures  consists,  in  general,  in  reducing  the 
fragments  when  displaced;  maintaining  them 
when  reduced;  preventing  the  symptoms  which 
may  be  likely  to  arise;  and  combating  them 
when  they  occur.  The  reduction  of  fractured 
must  be  effected  by  extension,  counter-extension, 
and  coaptation.  The  parts  are  kept  in  apposition 
by  position,  rest,  and  an  appropriate  apparatus. 
The  position  must  vary  according  to  the  kind  of 
fracture.  Commonly,  the  fractured  limb  is  placed 
on  a  horizontal  or  slightly  inclined  plane,  in  a 
state  of  extension:  or  rather  in  a  middle  state 
between  extension  and  flexion,  according  to  the 
ease. 

Fkactpre,  Camerated,  Camcrosis — /.  en  Rave, 
Raphanedon. 

Fracture  op  the  Radius,  Barton's,  Bar- 
ton's fracture.  A  term  applied  to  a  fracture  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  radius,  which  com- 
mences at  the  articular  surface,  and  extends  up- 
wards for  an  inch  or  more,  to  terminate  on  the 
dorsal  aspect.  Owing  to  the  extensor  muscles 
drawing  up  the  separated  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  with  it  the  carpus,  a  deformity  results,  which 
has  been  confounded  with  simple  dislocation.  In 
consequence  of  the  fracture  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  John  Rhea  Barton,  of  Philadel- 
phia, it  is  often  called  after  him. 

FRACTURES  PAR  RESONNANCE,  seo 
Contrafissura. 

FR^NA  MORGAGNII,  F.  of  the  Valve  of 
Bauhin. 

Fr*:na  of  the  Valve  of  Bauhin,  (F.)  Freins 
de  la  valvule  de  Bauhin.  A  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni  to  the  projecting  lines  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  extremities  of  the  two  lips  of  the  ileo- 
ccecal  valve.  They  are  also  called  Frcena  and 
Retinaclda  Morgagn'ii. 

FRENULUM,  see  Fra?num,  Bride  — I  Clito- 
ridis,  Fraenum  clitoridis — f.  Epiglottidis,  Glosso- 
epiglottic  ligament — f.  Labiorum.  Fourchette — f. 
Novum,  Ta3nia  semicircularis — f.  Pudendi,  Four- 
chette. 

Frenulum  Veli  Meoulla'ris  Anterio'ris. 
A  narrow  slip,  given  off  by  the  commissure  of  the 
encephalic  testes,  which  strengthens  the  junction 
of  the  testes  with  the  valve  of  Vieussens. 

FRiENUM,  Fre'num,  (F.)  Frein,  'a  bridle.' 
Fr&'ntllum,  Filel'lutn,  Filnmeu'tum.  'A  small 
bridle.'  A  bridle.  Names  given  to  several  mem- 
branous folds,  which  bridle  and  retain  certain 
organs. 

FRiENUM  CLITOR'lDIS,  Frenulum  CI  itor1  i<l  i», 
(F.)  Frein  (In  Clitoris.  A  slight  duplicators 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  internal  portions  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  nymphas. 

Fh.enum  Epiglottidis,  Glosso-cpiglottie  liga- 
ment— f.  Gland  is,  F.  Penis. 

FR.ENUM  Labio'rum,  (F.)  Frein  des  levres. 
There  are  two  of  these;  one  for  the  upper,  the 
other  for  the  lower  lip.  They  unite  these  parts 
to  the  maxillary  bone,  and  are  formed  by  tho 
mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth.  Also,  the 
Fourchette. 

FrjEJJDM  LiNOUiE,  Frce'nulum  sou  Vin'culum 
Lingua,  Glosaodes'mus,  File'tum,  (F.)  Filet  on 
Frein  de  la  langue,  is  a  triangular  reflection, 
formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth, 
and  situate  between  the  inferior  paries  of  that 
cavity   and   the  iuferior  surface   of  the   tongue. 


FRAG ARIA 


404 


FRAXINUS 


When  the  froenum  extends  as  far  as  the  extre- 
mity of  the  tongue,  it  cramps  its  movements,  in- 
terferes with  sucking.  &c.  This  inconvenience 
is  remedied  by  carefully  snipping  it  with  a  pair 
of  scissors.  The  French  call  this  V operation  du 
filet. 

FrjENUM  Penis,  F.  seu  Frce'nulum  seu  Pin'eu- 
lum  Prcepu'tii,  F.  Glandis,  Cynodes'mion,  Cyno- 
des'mus,  Vin'culum  Cani'num,  (F.)  Filet  ou  Frein 
de  la  venje,  is  a  membranous  reflection  which 
fixes  the  prepuce  to  the  lower  part  of  the  glans. 
When  too  short,  it  prevents  the  prepuce  from 
sliding.over  the  glans. 

Fr/Enuji  Pr.eputii,  F.  Penis. 

FRAGA'RIA,  from  fragro,  'I  smell  sweetly.' 
The  Strawberry,  Fraga'ria  vesca  seu  vulga'ris 
seu  semperflorens,  Chamce'batos,  (F.)  Fraisier. 
Ord.  Rosacea?.  The  fruit  is  agreeable  and  whole- 
some, and  the  roots  have  been  used  as  tonic  and 
slightly  diuretic.  The  fruit  is  the  Fragrum, 
Ko/iapov,  of  the  ancients;  (F.)  Fraise. 

Fragaria  Anserina,  Potentilla  anserina  —  f. 
Pentaphyllum,  Potentilla  reptans — f.  Tormentilla 
officinalis,  Tormentilla. 

Fraga'ria  Virginia 'xa,  Wild  Strawberry. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  has  astringent  leaves. 

FRAGILE  VITREUM,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

FRAGIL'ITAS,  Ruptibil'itas,  from  frango,  'I 
break.'  Fragility,  Brittleness.  The  state  of 
being  easily  broken  or  torn. 

Fragil'itas  Os'sil'M,  Osteopsathyrosis,  Fa- 
ros'tia  frag" His,  Brit'tleness  of  the  bones,  Fria- 
bil'ity  of  the  bones,  Frag"ile  vit'reum.  Patholo- 
gists have  given  this  name  to  the  extreme  facility 
with  which  bones  break  in  certain  diseases  of  the 
osseous  texture.  It  is  owing  to  a  deficiency  of 
the  animal  matter. 

FRAGMENT,  Fragmen'tum,  Fragmen,  Ramen'- 
tum,  from  frangere,  froctum,  'to  break.'  The 
French  use  this  term  for  the  two  portions  of  a 
fractured  bone;  thus,  they  speak  of  the  superior 
and  the  inferior  fragment. 

Fragments,  Prec"ious.  A  name  formerly 
given,  in  Pharmacy,  to  the  garnet,  hyacinth, 
emerald,  sapphire  and  topaz.  The  Arabs  falsely 
attributed  to  them  cordial  and  alixiteriai  pro- 
perties. 

FRAG  OX.  Ruscus. 

FRAGUM,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISE,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISIER.  Fragaria. 

FRAMBGZ'SIA,  Frambe'sia,  Lepra  fungi  fern, 
from  framboise,  (F.)  'A  raspberry.'  Syph'ilis 
lu'dica,  Anthra'cia  ru'bula.  Thymio'sis,  Th.  seu 
Lues  Ln'dica,  Vari'ola  Amboinen'sis,  Lepra  fun- 
gif'era,  Scroph'ula  Molucca' na.  The  Yaics, 
Epian,  Piun.  A  disease  of  the  Antilles  and  of 
Africa,  characterized  by  tumours,  of  a  contagious 
character,  which  resemble  strawberries,  rasp- 
berries, or  champignons;  ulcerate,  and  are  ac- 
companied by  emaciation,  The  Pian,  for  so  the 
Indians  call  it,  differs  somewhat  in  America  and 
Africa. 

Pian  of  Amer'ica,  Frambce'sia  America'na, 
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under 
similar  circumstances  with  the  next,  and  seems 
to  be  transmitted  by  copulation.  The  tumours 
have  a  similar  form,  and  are  greater  in  propor- 
tion to  their  paucity.  In  some  cases  they  are 
mixed  with  ulcers. 

Pian  of  Guin'ea,  Framboz'sia  Guineen'sis,  An- 
thra'cia Ru'bula  Guineen'sis,  is  common  amongst 
the  negroes,  especially  in  childhood  and  youth. 
It  begins  by  small  spots,  which  appear  on  diffe- 
rent parts,  and  especially  on  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration and  around  the  anus  ;  these  spots  disap- 
pear, and  are  transformed  into  an  eschar,  to 
which  an  excrescence  succeeds,  that  grows  slowly, 
and  has  the  shape  above  described. 


The  treatment  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  two 
varieties.  The  tumours  will  yield  to  mercurial 
friction,  when  small.  When  large,  they  must  be 
destroyed  by  caustic.  In  both  cases,  mercury 
must  be  given  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

An  endemic  disease  resembling  yaws  was  ob- 
served in  the  Feejee  Islands  by  the  medical  offi- 
cers of  the  United  States'  Exploring  Expedition. 
It  is  called  by  the  natives  Dthoke. 

Frambcesia  Illyrica,  Scherlievo  —  f.  Scotica, 
Sibbens. 

FRAMBOISE,  Rubus  idaaus. 

FRAN00LIN.  Attagen. 

FRANGES  SYNO  V/ALES,  Synovial  glands. 

FRANGIPAXE.  An  article  of  food,  prepared 
by  evaporating  to  dryness,  in  a  water-bath,  milk 
mixed  with  almonds  and  sugar. 

FRANGULA  ALNUS,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,  see  Pinns 
abies  —  f.  African  Daniellia  thurifera  —  f.  Tree, 
Daniellia  thurifera — f.  True.  Juniperus  lvcia. 

FRANZENSBAD.  FRANZBAD.  or  FRANZ- 
ENSBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  water  at  Eger,  in  Bohemia,  which 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron, 
and  carbonic  acid  gas.  The  springs  are  calkd 
Franzensbrunnen. 

F RAPPER,  Percuss. 

FRASERA,  Calumba,  American— f.  Carolinen- 
sis,  see  Calumba — f.  Officinalis,  see  Calumba — f. 
Verticillata,  Calumba  American  —  f.  Walteri,  see 
Calumba. 

FRATER  UTERINUS,  see  Uterinus  frater. 

FRATERNITAS,  Adelphixia. 

FRATRATIO.  Adelphixia. 

FRAXINELLA  DICTA  MNUS,  Dictamnus 
albus — f.  White,  Dictamnus  albus. 

FRAXINUS  AMERICA'NA,  White  Ash;  and 

Fraxincs  Qeadrangcla'ta,  Blue  Ash,  indi- 
genous; Ord.  Oleaceas;  have  bitter  and  astrin- 
gent barks,  and  have  been  used  as  antiperiodics. 

Fraxixus  Apetala.  F.  excelsior — f.  Aurea,  F. 
excelsior — f.  Crispa,  F.  excelsior — f.  Excelsa,  F. 
excelsior. 

Frax'inus  Excel'sior.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Ash  tree,  Frax'inus  Omus  seu  Frajcintts 
sylves'tris,  F.  apet'ala  seu  au'ren  seu  crispa  seu 
excel' sa  seu  pen'dxda  seu  verruco'sa,  Bumelia  seu 
Macedon'ica  Fraxinus,  Bume'lia,  (F.)  Frene. 
The  fresh  bark  has  a  moderately  strong,  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  said  to  possess  resolvent  and 
diuretic  qualities,  and  has  been  given  in  inter- 
mittents,  and  in  gout  and  rheumatism,  and  a?  an 
antidote  to  serpent  bites.  The  seeds,  called 
Birds'  tongue,  Lingua  avis,  Omithoglos'sa,  have 
been  exhibited  as  diuretics,  in  the  dose  of  a 
drachm.  Its  sap  has  been  extolled  against 
deafness. 

Fraxinps  Florifera,  F.  ornus  —  f.  Macedo- 
nica,  F.  excelsior. 

Fraxinus  Op.nts,  F.  me'lia  seu  panicnfa'tn 
seuforif'era,  Omus  mannif'era  seu  rotundifo'lia. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  tree  whence  manna 
flows.  This  substance  is  also  called  Manna  Cala- 
bri'na,  Ros  Calabri'nus,  Aerom'eli,  Drosom'eli, 
Drysom'eli,  Mel  ae'rium,  Succus  orni  eouere'tit*. 
In  Sicily,  not  only  the  Fraxinus  Ornus,  but  also 
the  F.  rotundifolia  and  F.  excelsior  are  regularly 
i  cultivated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  manna. 
j  which  is  their  condensed  juice.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
I  it  is  assigned  to  Ornus  Europcea.  Manna  is  in- 
j  odorous,  sweetish,  with  a  very  slight  degree  of 
bitterness;  in  friable  flakes,  of  a  whitish  or  pal« 
I  yellow  colour;  opake,  and  soluble  in  water  and 
j  alcohol.  It  is  laxative,  and  is  used  as  a  pur- 
gative for  children,  who  take  it  readily  on  ac- 
count of  its  sweetness.  More  generally  it  is  em- 
',  ployed  as  an  adjunct  to  other  purgatives.  D  se, 
j  33s  to  Jjij.     Its    immediate    principle   is    called 


FR A TB UR  XOCT UR N E 


405 


FRIGORIFIC 


Mannite  or  Mannim,  This  ha*  been  recommended 
'•V  Magendie  a?  a  substitute  for  manna.  Dose, 
5fij,  \'<<r  children. 

Praxun  b  Pajticoxata,  F. Onrafl — f.  Quadran- 

gttlata,   ><e    P.    Annrifl—  —  f.    Rotundifolia,   F. 

°"  FRA  TBI  'URNE,  Panophobia. 

FRECKENS,  Ephelidea. 

FRECKLED,  -■••■  BpheKdea. 

FRECKLES,  Ephelidea. 

IATHING   SPIRITS,  see  Li- 
nimentura  taponia  eompositum. 

FRF  IS.    Frenum  —  /.  di<    Clitoris,   Fracnum 
elitoridis — /.  J>-  la  Lanr/Me,  FrsBnum  linguae — /. 
i'raMiuin   labiorOBl — /.   dc   la   Verge, 
11m  penis. 

FREWS  DE  LA  VAl  VULB  DB  BAUHIN, 
Fr-i'n  i  of  the  reive  of  Bauhin. 

FREINWALDE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springe  are  in  Brandenburg,  twelve  leagues 
fr  i  n  Berlin.  They  oontain  chloride  of  Bodium, 
■alpbateof  magnesia,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
iron.  Ao.,  and  are  nsed  in  asthenic  diaeat 

FREMISSBMEN  T,  Shuddering. 

FRfiMlSSEMENT  ('ATM  UK  (P.),  'Cat's 
purr.'  Purring  Tremor.  Lae*nnee  has  <;iven  this 
n  une  to  the  agitation  which  is  sensible  to  the 
hand,  when  applied  on  the  precordial  region, 
•ad  which  he  considers  a  sisrn  of  ossification  or 
other  contraction  of  the  auriculo-rentricular  open- 
The  name  was  chosen  by  him  from  the 
analogy  of  the  sound  to  the  purring  of  a  oat. 

PR  KM  [TUS,  Bruieeement,  Frfmisscment,  Shud- 

The  Pbc'toral  or  Vocal  Frkm'itus,  Pectoral 
U'oh,   Tactil,-   vibration,  is   an   obscure  dif- 
uice  of  the  voice,  which  id  felt  when 
the  hand  is  applied  to  the  chest. 

A   frio'tioh    frem'itus    is    perceptible   to  the 
hands  in  many  cases  of  pleurisy,  when  the  sur- 
•  f  the  pleura  have  become  roughened  from 
in  ;  as  well   as  in  rare  cases  of  pericar- 
ditis. 

PREN  \.  see  Alveolus. 

\<  II    CRUST,    Syphilis  — f.   Distemper, 
Byphilis — f.  Nut,  Juglans  regia — f.  Pox,  Syphilis. 
FRENE,    Fraxinus    excelsior — f.    Bpinevx, 
\y'.um  clav.i  Herculis.— /.  Suucage,  Sorbus 
iria. 
PRENQ  \.  see  Scherlievo. 
FRENULUM,  Bee  Fraenum. 
PRENUM,  Frsenum. 

■     P.  Chafing,  Herpes. 
FRlSTTL  I E  KENT,  Fidgets. 

■  riNCr,  T  .rmina. 
FRTCATIO,  Friction. 
PRICATORrUM,  Liniment. 
PRI'  Frico'ninm,      A    medicine 

-   employed  under  the  form  of 
friction.      They  distinguish  the  Frice  SICCUS*  and 
'■".  -Gaubius. 
PRTCONIUM,  Price. 
•  iiia. 

■  n  —  f.  Hu 
•ion. 
FRICTION,    Frie'tio, 

Tryp«i$,    Chirap'eia,    from  frieare 

rub.'    The  action  of  rubbing  a  pari 

surface  of  the  body  more  or  leas  forcibly. 

with  the  bands,  s  brush,  flannel,  Ac,  constituting 

Xerotrtb'ia,  .    Frie'tio    sicca    or  dry 

friction  ;  <>r  with  ointments,  liniments,  tinctures, 

DStituting  moitt  friction,  Frie'tio  ku'tnida. 

■  !  means  for  exciting  the  action  of  the 

skin. 

Friotiom  FRBjrrrua,  see  Fremitus  — f.  Sound, 
Bruit  de  fruttem 


da,  see  Friction 
Frica'tio,     Anat'ribi, 


FRICTRTX.  Tribae, 

FRICTUM,  Liniment. 

Pi;  I  ('I'M.  Price. 

FRIGEF  ICIENTIA,  Refrigerants. 

FRIGID,  Frief'idm,  (P.)  Froid;  frora/riaeo, 
told.'  Cold.  Not  easily  moved  to  sexual 
desire;   hnbeVU*  ad  wen'erem.     Impotent. 

FRIGID  \KIIM.  Bath,  cold. 

FRIGID'ITY,  Frigid1  i to*  Same  etymon.  A 
sensation  ofcold.  Also,  impotence,  and  sterility. 
Frigidity  of  the  wtomaeh  is  a  state  of  debility  of 
that  organ,  imputed  to  excessive  renery,  —  the 
Anorexfia  exhau$to'rum  of  Bam 

FRIGIDUS,  Frigid. 

FRIGORIF'IC,  from  fn'gne,  'cold,'  and  fin, 
'I  become.'     That  which   has  the   power  of  pro- 

ducing  cold.   The  best  Fbioorific  Mixtures  are 

the   following.     Their  effects   are    owing  to  the 

rapid  absorption   of  heat  when  solids  pass  into 
the  liquid  state. 


Frigorific  Mixtures  with 

,  J  fixtures. 

Snow,  or  pounded  ice,  two' 
parts  by  weight  ; 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  iee 5. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 2. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 24. 

Chloride  of  Sodium  10. 

Muriate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 12. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 5. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Dibit.  Sulph.  Acid 2. 

Snow S. 

!  Concentr.  Mur.  Acid  5. 

Snow 8. 

Concentr.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

!  Snow 7. 

j  Chloride  of  Calcium 5. 

Snow 4. 

Crystall.  Chloride  of  Calcium  3. 

Snow 2. 

Fused  Potash .  4. 

Snow 3. 


11 

d 

\ 

o 

1 

J 

1 

>> 

) 

- 

1 

c 
u 

I 

fe 

1  , 

I 

Show. 

Therm,  falls. 


to — 12c 


to— 1S° 


to- 


.o^o 


to— 23° 
from  r32° 

to— 27° 
from +32° 

to— 30° 
from+32° 

to — 10° 

from-:;:10 

to  —60° 

from+82° 

to— 51° 


Frifrorific  Mixtures  may  also  be  made  by  the 
rapid  solution  of  salts,  without  the  use  of  snow  or 
ice.     The  salts  must  be  finely  powdered  and  dry. 

Frigorific  Mixtures  without  Snow, 


Therm,  fall*. 

from +50° 
to— 10° 


Mixture*, 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Water 16. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia  5. 

Nitrate  of   Potash ;>. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8. 

Water  16. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  1. 

Water 1. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  1. 

Carbonate  of  Soda 1. 

Water 1. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8. 

Dibit.  Nitrous  Acid 2. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia  1. 


Nitrate  of  Potash 

Dibit.  Nitrous  Acid 

Sulphate  of  So, la 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia , 

Dibit.  Nitrous  Acid , 

Phosphate  of  Sods 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 


from +  50° 
to— 10° 

from +50° 

to—  4° 

from +50° 


from +60° 

to—  ;;° 

from  +  50° 
to— 10° 

from    50  ' 

to— 14° 

from +50° 
to— 12° 


FRIGUS 


406 


FRUMENTUM 


Mixtures. 

Phosphate  of  Soda..., 
titrate  of  Ammonia 
Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid... 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8.  ) 

Muriatic  Acid 5.  j 

Sulphate  of  Soda 5.  j 

Dilut.  Sulphuric  Acid 4.  J 


:::::::  1} 

4.J 


Therm,  fall*. 

from +  50° 

to— 21° 

from+50° 
to       0° 

from +  50° 
to—  3° 


FRIGTJS,  Cold— f.  Tenue,  see  Rigor. 
FRINGE  TREE.  Chionanthus  Virginica. 
FRISSON,  Rigor. 
FR  TSSONNEMENT,  Horripilation. 
FROGLEAF.  Brasenia  Hydropeltis. 
FROG  TONGUE.  Ranula. 
FROGS'  SPAWN.  Sperma  ranarum. 
FROID,  Cold,  Frigid—/.  Glacial.  Ice  cold. 
FROTSSEMENT  (F.),  'Rubbing,  bruising.' 
FROISSEMENT  PULMONAIRE,  Bruit  de  | 
froisxement    pulmonaire,    Pulmonary     crumpling  j 
sound.     A  name  given  by  M.  Fournet  to  a  respi- 
ratory  sound,  which  communicates  to  the  ear  the   j 
sensation  of  the  rubbing  [froissement)  of  a  tex- 
ture  compressed  against  a  hard  body.     It  is  by 
no  means  well  denned. 

FROLEJIEJ/T,  (F.)  ■  Grazing  or  touching 
lightly/ 

FROLEMENT  p£bICARDIQUE.  Bruit  de 
fr  Clement    pericardique.      Rustling  noise  of  the  ( 
pericardium.     A  sound  resembling  that  produced  | 
by  the  crumpling  of  a  piece  of  parchment  or  of 
thick  silken  stuff,  accompanying  the  systole  and 
diastole  of  the  heart.     It  indicates  roughness  of 
the  pericardium  induced  by  disease. 
FROM  AGE,  Cheese. 
FROM  EXT.  Triticum. 
FROXCEMEXT,  Corrugation. 
FROXCLE,  Furunculus. 
FROXDE,  Funda. 

FR.0NT,  Front,  Meto'pon,  Forehead,  Fore- 
front, Fore-top,  Brow,  (Sc.)  Forret.  That  part 
of  the  visage,  which  extends  from  one  temple  to 
the  other,  and  is  comprised  in  a  vertical  direction. 
between  the  roots  of  the  hair  and  the  superciliary 
ridees. 

FRONTAL.  Fronta'li*.  From  frons,  frontis,  j 
'the  front.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  front. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  parts.  Win-  | 
slow,  Sommeriug,  and  others,  call  the  anterior 
part  of  the  occipito-frontals — the  frontal  muscle 
or  front  af  lis,  Musculo' 8a  Frontis  Cutem  movens  sub- 
stantia Par  (Vesalius). 

Froxtal  Artery,  Arte'ria  svpra-orbita'lis.  is 
given  off  by  the  ophthalmic,  which  is  itself  a 
branch  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  makes  its  exit 
from  the  skull  at  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  the 
orbit,  and  ascends  the  forehead  between  the  bone 
and  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  ;  dividing  into 
three  or  four  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  neighbouring  muscles. 

Frontal  Boxe,  Os frontis  seu  corona'le  seu  tn-  | 
rcrecun'diun  seu  puppis  seu  syncip'itis  seu  prorce 
seu  ratio'nis,  Meto'pon.    A  double  bone  in  the  foe-  \ 
tus,  single  in  the  adult,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  j 
cranium,  and  at  the  superior  part  of  the  face.     It 
forms  the  vault  of  the  orbit;  lodges  the  ethmoid 
bone  in  a  notch  at  its  middle  part;  and  is  articu- 
lated,  besides,  with   the  sphenoid,  parietal,   and 
nasal  bones,  the  ossa  unguis,  superior  maxillary, 
and  malar  bones. 

Froxtal  Furrow  extends  upwards  from  the 
frontal  spine,  and  becomes  gradually  larger  in  its 
course,  to  lodge  the  upper  part  of  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus,  and  to  give  attachment  to  the 
falx  cerebri. 

Froxtal  Nerve,  Palpebro-frontal — (Ch.),  is 
the  greatest  of  the  three  branches  of  the  ophthal- 
mic nerve,  —  the  first  division  of  the  5th  pair.  | 


]!  It  proceeds  along  the  superior  paries  of  the  orbit, 
I  and  divides  into  two  branches  :  —  the  one,  iuter- 
I  nal,  which  makes  its  exit  from  the  nrbitar  fossa, 
I!  passing  beneath  the  pulley  of  the  oblique  muscle  : 
1  — the  other,  external,  issuing  from  the  same  ca- 
ll vity  by  the  foramen  orbitarium  superius. 

Froxtal  Protu'beraxce.  F.  tuberosity,  Tuber 
fronta'le,  Suggrun'dium  super cilio' rum.  The  pro- 
tuberance of  the  frontal  bone  above  the  super- 
ciliary arch. 

Froxtal  Si'xuses, Fronta'les Sinus,  Jhto-pan'- 
tra,  Prosopan'tra,  Sinus  Snpercilia'res  seu  piiui- 
ta'rii  frontis,  Cavern' a  frontis,  are  two  deep  cavi- 
ties in  the  substance  of  the  frontal  bone,  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  a  median  septum,  and 
opening,  below,  into  the  anterior  cells  of  the  eth- 
moid bone. 


Froxtal  Spixe,  Crista  inter' no,  is  situate  in 
the  middle  of  the  under  part  of  the  bone,  and  is 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  the  inner  tables  for 
the  attachment  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Surgeons  have  given  the  name  Froxta'i.is  to 
a  bandage  or  topical  application  to  the  forehead. 
Such  have,  also,  been  called  Tpofiirwrdia  and 
ava-oWTjfiara. 

Frontal  Tuberosity,  Frontal  protuberance. 
FRONTA'LE,  from  fronts  'the  forehead.'     A 
medicine  applied  to  the  forehead. 

FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito- 
frontalis. 

Froxtalis  Yerus,  Corrugator  supercilii. 
FRONTODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 
FRONTO- ETHMOID    FORAMEN.    Cjr-cmn 
foramen — f  Xasal,  Pyramidalis  nasi — /.  Sour- 
cilier.  Corrugator  supercilii. 
FROSTBITE,  Congelation. 
FROSTPLANT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 
FROST  WEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum,  He- 
lianthemum Canadense. 

FROSTWORT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 
FROTH'Y,  from  Gr.  a<ppos,  'froth.'   [?]     Spu- 
mo'sus,   (F.)   Spumeux,  Ecumeux,  Moussenx.     An 
epithet  given  to  the  faeces  or  sputa,  when  mixed 
with  air. 

FROTTEJIEXT,  see  Bruit  de  frottement. 
FBOTTEJIEXT   GLOBULAIBE.     A  name 
given   by  M.  Simonnet,  to  the  pulse  in  aortic  re- 
gurgitation, when    it   is   jerking;    and,    in    well 
marked  cases,  appears  as  if  the  blood  consisted 
of  several  little  masses,  which  passed  in  succes- 
sion under  the  finder  applied  to  the  artery. 
FRUCTIFICATIO.  Fecundation. 
FRUCTUS  HOR^I,  Fruit,  (summer)— f.  Im- 
maturus,  Abortion. 

FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frugiv'orus,  from  fruges, 
'fruits,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'     One  that  eats  fruits. 

FRUIT,  Fructus,  from  fruor,  f 'met us,  'to  en- 
joy.'     Carpos.     In  botany,  the  seed  with  its  en- 
closing pericarp.     In  a  medical  sense  it  may  be 
defined  to  be : — that  part  of  a  plant  which  is  taken 
as  food.     The  effects  of  fruits  on  the  body,  in  a 
medical  as  well  as  a  dietetical  point  of  view,  are 
\  various.    They  may  be  distinguished  into  classes  : 
for.  whilst  the  Cerealia,  for  example,  afford  fruits, 
j  which  are  highly  nutritious ;  the  Summer  Fruits 
(Fructus    Horce'i,)    which    include    strawberries, 
cherries,   currents,   mulberries,   raspberries,   figs, 
1  grapes,    &c,  are    refrigerant   and    grateful,    but 
afford  little  nourishment. 
FRUIT-SUGAR,  Glucose. 

FRUMENT,  Fru'menty,  Fur'menty,  from  fru- 
\  mentum,  'wheat' or  '  grain,'  quasi  frugimentum  ; 
from  fruges,   'fruit.'      Pottage    made   of  wheat. 
Food  made  of  wheat  boiled  in  milk. 

FRUMEN'TUM.    Same  etymon.    Sito*.    Any 
kind   of  grain  from  which   bread  was  made; — ■ 
especially  wheat. 
Frumextuu,  Triticum — f.  Corniculatum,  Ergot 


FR  CSTRA  TO  IRE 


40 


FUMIGATION 


—  f.  Cornntam,  Ergot  —  f.  Luxurians,  Ergot  —  f. 
Temulentnm,  Ergot — f.  Tnrgidnm,  I 

FRUSTRATOIRE,  (F.)  Any  liquor,  taken 
a  short  tinio  after  o ; 1 1 i 1 1  -_r .  for  the  parpoM  of  a-- 
digestion  when  difficult  Sugared  water, 
run  tucrie,  or  water  with  the  addition  <>f  a  little 
brandy,  or  some  aromatie  substanoe,  la  commonly 
used  for  tin-  pur] 

FRUTEX  BACCIFER  BRAZILIENSIS 
ghivuyo — f.  [odious  spinosus,  ('urn  Bcbulli. 
FTJ(  sieuloaus,  Taint. 

Fl  ■  ds   Amvi.vVkin,  Jaffna,  Ed'ibU  or  Ceylon 
ila'ria  Ben   Sphat- 
i    Qigarti'na   sea  Fueut  lichenoV  de*, 
Von.     This  dom  belongs  to  the  natural 
It  was  introduced  tome  years  ago 
ngland,  from  India.     It  is  white,  filiform 

alld  fibrous,  anil  has  the  usual  odour  of  sea-u  e<  d-. 
Ileal    properties    are   similar   to  those    of 
Irish  moss. 

POCI  B,   BLADDBR,  F.  vosieulosus. 

Foci  <  CR18PIT8,  /'.  Ir'landictu,  Lichen  Qar*ra- 
'hondru*  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ch.  critpu*  sen  poly, 
wmr'phut,    Sphotrococ'eu*    criapu*,    Viva   criapa, 
Jri-/i  Pearl,  Car'rageen  or   Cor'rigeen   moat,  (F.) 
cTIrland*  on  perUe.     This  Fucus  is  found 
on  the  coasts' of  England,  Ireland.  Western  France,  | 
Spain,  and  Portugal,  and  as  far  as  the  tropics. 
-  »  a  native  of  the  United  States.     In  Ire- 
land, it  is  used  by  the  poor  as  an  article  of  diet. 
As   met  with   in  America,  it  is   of  a  light  yellow 
colour,  and  resembles  plates  of  horn,  crisped  and 
translucent.     An  agreeable  jelly  is  obtained  from 
it   by  boiling  it  in  water  or  milk,  which   forms   a 
jpod  article  of   diet  in  consumptive  cases.      Its 
properties  are  indeed  exactly  like  those  of  the 
Moan. 
Fucus  JlKi.MiNTHOCOitToy,    Corallina   Corsica- 
na  —  f.    Inllatus,  F.  vesiculosus — f.  Irian dicus, 
Fucus   oriepus — f.  Lichenoides.   F.  amyhiceus — f. 
larine,  Rbodomela  palmata. 
Fi  CDS  Vimiti.Vm-s,  Fneua,  F.  infla'tm,  HaV- 
idri/i  veeiculo'ea,   Querent  Mari'na,  Bladder  Ftt- 

■  Oak,  St  ■'  Wrack,  Tellon  Bladder  Wrack, 
|  1".  Varec  vi*iculeux,  Chine  marin.  It  has  been 
said  to  be  a  useful  assistant  to  sea-water,  in  the 
cur-'  of  disorders  of  the  glands.  When  the  wraek, 
in  fruit,  is  dried,  cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red-heat 
in  a  crucible  with  a  perforated  lid.  and  is  reduced 
to  powder.it  forms  the  jE'tkiop*  vegetab'ili* — 
the  Pu/rix  Quereu*  Mari'na  of  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia— which  is  used,  like  the  burnt  sponge, 
in  bronchocele  and  other  scrofulous  BWellings. 
Its   efficacy    depends    on    the    iodine   it  contains, 

_r.  x  to  5'j>  mixed  in  molasses  or  honey. 

■  k   I'.KMmNTM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
PDOA'CIOUS,    Fugax,  fugaei*,  (F.)   Fugace, 

trom/ugere,  Mo  fly.'  .  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
symptoms,  which  appear  and  disappear  almost 
Immediately  afterwards;  as  a,fngaciou*  redneaa, — 
%/tigaeioua  twelling,  Tumor  fugax,  «tc. 
IAX,  Fugacious. 
FUQB,  from  fugo,  'I  expel,'  'an  expeller.' 
A  common  suffix.  Hence,  FeWx/nye,  Vermi- 
f't'l-  .  <fcc. 

ULE,    FugiVla.      This   term    has   several 
itions.     It   means,   1.  The  cerumen  of  the 
car.     2.  The  nebulous  suspension    in,  or  deposi- 
tion  from,   the    urine.       '.',.   An    abscess    near  the 
ear. — Roland  and  Johnson.  4.  Abscess  in  general. 
\.  Fugile. 
PULQUR.  Astrape. 

Fl   LIO"IN0US,  Fuligino'ane,  Lignyo'de*,  (F.) 

Fuligiiu  «j\  from  fuligo,fuligini*,  'soot.'    Having 

ir  of  BOOt       An    epithet    given    to    certain 

i  U   the    lips,   te.'th.    or   tongoe,    when    they 

a  brownish   colour,  or  rather  are   covered 

with  a  coat  of  that  colour.     Fuligino*itff» 


FTXLI'GO,  genitive  fulig"ini*t  Lignya,  Sont, 
i  F. )  Suie,  Ac,   Woodtoot,  Fuligo  Ligni,  oonsists 

of  volatile  alkaline  salt,  empyreumatic  oil,  fixed 
alkali,  Ac.  A  tincture,  Tinctu'ro  Fnlig"ini», 
prepared  from  it,  has  been  recommended  as  ■ 
powerful  antispasmodic  in  hysterical  eases.  (Fulig. 
lign.z'xj;  potat*.  tubearb.  B>asj  amnion,  murictt. 
x\\  (K/iia:  jluriat.  Oiij.  Digest  for  three  days.) 
This  tincture  hears  the  name  Soot  drop*  and  Fit 
drop*.  An  ointment  of  soot  has  been  used  in 
various  cutaneous  diseases. 

Ft  i.igo  Alba  Philosophoruw,  Ammonia  mu- 

rias. 

FULIGO'KALI,  from  fuligo,  'soot.'  an<l  kali, 
'potassa.'    This  is  an  analogous  preparation  to 

anthrakokali :  soot  being  need  in  the  place  of 
coal.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  diseases.  What 
might  be  regarded  as  a  weak  solution  of  fuligo- 
kali  has  been  used  for  many  years  in  Philadel- 
phia, under  the  names  medical  lye,  toot  tin,  ulka- 
lin*  solution,  dyapeptic  lye,  and  Phyaick'a  lye  tea. 
It  is  made  by  mixing  a  quart  of  hickory  athe* j 
half  a  pint  of  cool  ,•  and  a  gallon  of  boilimj  water} 
allowing  the  mixture  to  stand  for  twenty-four 
boors,  and  decanting. 

PULLERS'  EARTH,  Cimolia  purpurescens. 

FULMEN,  Astrape. 

FULMICOTON,  see  Collodion. 

FULXFSS.  Reple'tio,  Plen'itud*,  PlHho'ra, 
RepWtion.  The  state  of  being  filled.  Also,  a 
feeling  of  weight  or  distension  in  the  stomach  or 
other  part  of  the  system. 

FUMA'RIA,  Fuma'ria  njffieina'li*  sen  me'dia, 
Fnmus  terra,,  Capnos,  Herba  melancholif  uyu.  So- 
la'men  Scab i Oho' rum,  Fn'mitory,  Common  Fu'mi- 
tory,  Fumiter'ra,  (F.)  Fnmeterre,  Fiel  de  terre, 
Piaae-aang.  Ord.  Furaariaccaj.  The  leaves  are 
extremely  succulent,  and  have  a  bitter,  somewhat 
saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
and  the  expressed  juice  of  the  fresh  plant  have 
been  extolled  for  their  property  of  clearing  the 
skin  of  many  disorders  of  the  leprous  kind. 

Fuma'ria  Bulbo'sa,  F.caraseu  major,  Borck- 
hanxen'ia  seu  CapnoVdes  cava,  Ariatolochi'a  fa- 
ba'cea  seu  cava  seu  vulga'ria  rotun'da,  Coryd'ali* 
bulbo'sa  seu  cava  seu  tubero'*a,  Capnor'chie.  The 
root  of  this  plant  was  formerly  given  as  an  em- 
menagogue  and  anthelmintic.  (F.)  Fumeterre 
bu/beuae. 

Fr/VAKIA  Cava,  F.  bulbosa  —  f.  Major,  F.  bul- 
bosa — f.  Media.  Fumaria — f.  Officinalis,  Fumaria. 

FUMETERRE,  Fumaria. 

FUMIGATIO,  Fumigation  —  f .  Antiloimica 
Gaubii,  see  Disinfection — f.  Guytoniensis,  see 
Disinfection — f.  Smythiana,  see  Disinfection. 

FUMIGA'TION,  Fumigu'tio,  from  fumua, 
'smoke.'  Suftl'tux,  SuffW'io,  Suffnmina'tio,  Snf. 
fuinlij" ium,  Suffi men' turn,  Apocapnis'mu*,  Tliymi- 
a'ma,  Epithymia'ma,  Hypothymia'ma,  ffypolhy- 
mia'ti*,  Thytnia'aie,  Capnia'moe,  Hypocapnia'moa% 
ffypat'mue,  Hypatmia'mue,  Auathymia'aie.  An 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  fill  a  circum- 
scribed space  with  gas  or  vapour,  with  the  in- 
tention either  of  purifying  the  air,  of  perfuming 
it,  or  of  charging  it  with  a  substance  proper  for 
acting  upon  a  part  of  the  surface  of  the  human 
body.  See  Sulphurous  acid.  Hence,  fumigation* 
have  been  distinguished  into  aqueout,  aromatic, 
tulphureou*,  mercurial,  dieinfecting,  Qnytonian, 
lie  Benzoin  generally  constitutes  the  chief  in- 
gredient in  the  Fumigating  Pattillet,  to  which 
any  variety  of  odoriferous  substances  may  be 
added.      The  following  are  formula?. 

Ijc.  lienzoin.  Zjj  Caacarilla,  ^*;  myrrh.  ^ j  ; 
oi.  myrixt.,  of.  ruryopli.  aa  irtt.   x  :    p*4*\**<B  nitrat, 

JJss;  carbon,  lign.  jTJj  mueiL  ''■".'/.  q.  s. — or 

U.  lienzoin.  p.  xvj  ;  llnlxam.  Tolut.  p.  Ifj 
Santa/,  alb.  p.  iv;  Labdan.  p.  j :  Carbon.  Lign.  p. 
xlviij;  J'otaaa.  nitrat.   p.  i j ;    Tragacanth.  p,  j; 


FUMITERRA 


408 


FUNICULUS 


Acacia,  p.  ij  ;  Aq.  cinnam.  p.  xij.  Reduce  the 
solid  ingredients  to  powder,  and  mix  the  whole 
into  a  plastic  mass,  which  must  be  formed  into 
cones,  flattened  at  the  base,  and  dried,  first  in  the 
air.  and  afterwards  in  a  stove. 

Fumigation,  Chlorine,  see  Disinfection — f. 
Nitrous,  see  Disinfection — f.  Oxyinuriatie,  see 
Disinfection. 

FUMITERRA,  Fumaria. 

FUMITORY,  Fumaria. 

FUMUS  ALBUS,  Hydrargyrum— f.  Citrinus, 
Sulphur — f.  Terra?,  Fumaria. 

FUNAMBULA'TIO,  from  funis,  'a  cord,'  and 
u tubular e,  '  to  walk/  An  exercise  with  the  an- 
cients, which  consisted  in  scaling  ropes. 

FUNCTION,  Fune'tio,  Ac'tio,  (F.)  Fonetion; 
from  fungor,  functus,  'I  act,'  'perform.'  The 
action  of  an  organ  or  system  of  organs.  Any  act, 
necessary  for  accomplishing  a  vital  phenomenon. 
A  function  is  a  special  office  in  the  animal  econo- 
my, which  has,  as  its  instrument,  an  organ  or  appa- 
ratus of  organs.  Thus  respiration  is  a  function. 
Its  object  is  the  conversion  of  venous  into  arte- 
rial blood,  and  its  instrument  is  the  lungs.  The 
ancient  physiologists  divided  the  functions  into 
vital,  animal,  and  natural.  They  called  vital  func- 
tions those  which  are  essential  to  life,  as  innerva- 
tion, circulation,  respiration:  animal  functions, 
those  which  belong  to  the  encephalon;  viz.:  the 
functions  of  the  intellect,  the  affections  of  the 
mind,  and  the  voluntary  motions:  and  natural 
functions,  Faculta'tcs  seu  Actio'nes  natura'les, 
those  relating  to  assimilation,  such  as  the  actions 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  of  the  absorbent  and 
exhalant  vessels,  &e.  Bichat  divided  the  func- 
tions into  those  which  relate  to  the  preservation 
of  the  individual,  and  those  that  relate  to  the 
preservation  of  the  species.  The  former  he  sub- 
divided into  animal  and  organic.  The  animal 
functions  or  functions  of  relation  are  those  of  the 
intellect,  sensation,  locomotion,  and  voice.  The 
organic  functions  include  digestion,  absorption, 
respiration,  circulation,  secretion,  nutrition,  and 
calorification.  The  functions,  whose  object  is  the 
preservation  of  the  species — the  organic,  nutritive, 
or  vegetative  functions  —  are  all  those  that  relate 
to  generation  : — such  as  conception,  gestation,  ac- 
couchement, &c.  Each  of  these  admits  of  nu- 
merous subdivisions  in  a  complete  course  of 
Physiology  ; — for  so  the  doctrine  of  the  functions 
is  called. 

FUNCTIONAL,  Functiona'lis,  (F.)  Fonction- 
iiel.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  function  of  an 
organ,  or  to  the  functions  in  general. 

Functional  or  vital  phenomena  are  those  pro- 
duced by  some  modification  in  the  action  of  an 
organ  or  organs,  in  contradistinction  to  those  of 
a  material  or  physical  character  ; — thus  we  distin- 
guish the  functional  phenomena  of  phthisis  from 
those  indicated  by  physical  diagnosis — the  phys- 
ical p>henomena. 

Functional  Diseases,  see  Organic  Diseases. 

FUNDA,  'a  sling.'  Sphen' done,  (F.)  Fronde. 
A  bandage,  composed  of  a  fillet  or  long  com- 
press, cleft  at  its  extremities  to  within  about  two 
inches  of  its  middle.  It  is  used  in  diseases  of  the 
nose  and  chin,  and  especially  in  cases  of  fracture 
of  the  lower  jaw.  In  such  case  it  has,  also,  been 
called  Jfentonniere,  because  placed  beneath  the 
chin  :  from  (~F.)  Jfenton,  'the  chin.' 

FUNDAMENT,  Anus— f.  Falling  down  of  the, 
Proctocele. 

F UN D AMEN 'TAL,  from  fundare,  'to  found; 
to  lay  the  bottom  of  any  thing.'  (F.)  Funda- 
mental. Some  anatomists  have  called  the  sacrum 
Os  Fundamenta'lc,  because  it  seems  to  serve  as  a 
base  to  the  vertebral  column.  The  sphenoid  bone 
has  likewise  been  so  denominated,  from  its  being 
situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium. 


FUNDUS,  'the  bottom.'  (F.)  Fond.  The 
base  of  any  organ  which  ends  in  a  neck,  or  has 
an  external  aperture  ;  as  the  Fundus  vesica,  F. 
uteri,  &c.     Also,  the  Vulva. 

Fundus  Vagtsm,  Laquear  vaginae. 

FUXES  CORDIS.  Columns  carneaa— f.  Seini- 
circulares,  Semicircular  canals. 

FUNGIFORM  PAPILLA,  see  Papilla?  of  the 
Tongue. 

FUN'GOID,  Fungo'i'  des,  Myco'des,  Ftingifor'- 
mis,  Fun'giform,  (F.)  Fongo'ide,  Fongiforme,  from 
fungus,  'a  mushroom,' and  eiSos,  'resemblance/ 
That  which  has  the  shape  of,  or  grows  in  some 
measure  like  a  mushroom,  as  the  fungoid  or  fun- 
giform papillae  of  the  tongue. 

Fungoid  Disease.  Enccphaloid. 

FUNGOS'ITY,  Fungus'  itas,  Garo  lu.ru' rians 
seu  fungo'sa,  Ecsara/ma,  Hypcrsarco' ma,  Hy- 
persarco'sis,  Proud  Flesh,  (F.)  Fongosite.  The 
quality  of  that  which  is  fungous:  —  fungous  ex- 
crescence, Excrescen'tia  fungo'sa.  The  fungosi- 
ties  which  arise  in  wounds  or  ulcers  are  easily 
repressed  by  gentle  compression,  dry  lint,  the 
sulphas  cupri,  or  other  gentle  caustics.  At  times, 
the  more  powerful  are  necessary,  and  sometimes 
excision  is  required. 

FUNGOUS,  Fungo'sus,  (F.)  Fongueux.  Hav- 
ing the  characters  of  fungosity  or  fungus  —  as  a 
fungous  wound. 

FUNGUS,  Myces,  (aipoyyos,)  (F.)  Fongus,  Cham- 
pignon. The  mushroom  order  of  plants;  class 
Cryptogamia,  in  the  Linna?an  system.  In  Path- 
ology, the  word  is  commonly  used  synonymously 
with  fungosity,  myco'sis.  M.  Breschet  lias  pro- 
posed to  restrict  the  term  fungosity  to  vegetations 
which  arise  on  denuded  surfaces,  and  to  apply 
the  term  fungus  to  the  tumours  which  form  in  the 
substance  of  the  textures,  without  any  external 
ulceration.  Fici  and  warts,  for  example,  would 
be  fungi  of  the  skin. 

Fcngus  Albus  Saligneus,  Da?dalea  suaveo- 
lens  —  f.  Articuli,  Spina  ventosa  —  f.  Bleeding, 
Haematodes  fungus  —  f.  Cancrosus  ha?rnatodes, 
Hsematodes  F.  —  f.  Cancrosus  medullaris,  see 
Encephaloid — f.  Cerebralis,  see  Encephaloid — f. 
Cerebri,  Encephalocele  —  f.  Chirurgorum,  Lyco- 
perdon  —  f.  Cynosbati,  Bedeguar — f.  Faginosus, 
Morchella  esculenta — f.  Haamatodes,  Ha?matodes 
fungus — f.  Igniarius,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Laricis, 
Boletus  laricis  —  f.  of  Malta,  Cynomorion  cocci- 
neum — f.  Medullaris,  see  Encephaloid — f.  Melan- 
odes,  Cancer,  melanotic — f.  Melitensis,  Cynomo- 
rion coccineum  —  f.  Petra?us  marinus.  Umbilicus 
marinus — f.  Quercinus,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Ro- 
saruin,  Bedeguar — f.  Salicis,  Daedalea  suaveolens 
— f.  Sambucinus,  Peziza  auricula. 

FUNIC  BELLOWS'  SOUND,  see  Bellows' 
Sound,  funic. 

FUNICULI  GRAC'ILES,  (diminutive  of 
funis,  'a  cord,')  Postelrior  Jfe'dian  Columns  or 
Fascic'uli  of  the  medul'la  oblonga'ta.  Along  the 
posterior  border  of  each  corpus  restiforme,  and 
separated  from  it  by  a  groove,  is  a  narrow  white 
cord,  separated  from  its  fellow  by  the  fissura  lon- 
gitudinalis  posterior.  The  pair  of  cords  are  the 
funiculi  graciles.  Each  funiculus  forms  an  en- 
largement— processus  clavatns — at  its  upper  end, 
and  is  then  lost  in  the  corpus  restiforme. 

Funic'uli  Sil'iqu^e.  Longitudinal  fibres  seen 
in  the  groove  which  separates  the  corpus  olivare 
from  the  corpus  pyramidale  and  corpus  restifnrme. 
They  enclose  the  base  of  the  corpus  olivare, — those 
which  lie  on  its  inner  side  forming  the  funic' ulus 
inter' nus  ;  and  those  on  its  outer  side  ihofunicu- 
lus  externne. 

FUNICULUS,  Cord— f.  Externus.  see  Funiculi 
siliqua?  —  f.  Internus,  see  Funiculi  siliquae  —  f. 
Spermaticus,  Spermatic  cord— f.  Tympani,  Chorda 
tympani. 


FUNIS 


409 


PUTUTRIX 


Fmnc'iTLua  Ubtbtlica.'ub,  Fnnis  umbilicm'lis, 
Tntestin'ulum,  Viu'eulum  umbilici'  /■ .  I 
r„ ,-./.  Navel  ttring,  diminutive  of  Funic,  'a  o  »r«L' 
rdon  umbilical*.  A  cord-like  substance, 
which  extends  from  the  placenta  to  the  umbilicus 
of  the  foetus.  It  is  compost  d  of  the  ohorion,  am- 
nion, en  albuminous  secretion  celled  the  Jelly  of 
•d,  cellular  substance,  an  ambilieal  vein, 

■  umbilical  arteries.     The  former  conveys 
.1  from  the  placenta  to  the  foetus —  the 

•   turn  it.     All  these  parts  are  surrounded 
by  a  sheath  —  Tnuestitu'ra  sen  Vagi'nu  funiculi 
tmbilica'lic.     Its  usual  length  is  l'roui   10  to  22 
I 
Funiculus  Varicosus,  Cireoeele. 

rd,  Laqueus— f.  Argenteus,  Medulla 
spinalis — f.  Hippocratis,  Aehillis  tendo — f.  Umbi- 
Funiculns  ambilioalia. 
PUNK,  Boletus  bjniariua. 
FUNNEL,  Bee  Infundibulum. 

■ait. 

PURCBLLA,  Fur'cula;  diminutive  of  furcn, 
'a  fork.'  The  opper  part  of  the  sternum,  the 
clavicle.     The  Fourckt 

UOR,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

FURCHMUHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
'  Bavarian  springs  contain  earbonic  acid, 

Bulphnretted  hydrogen,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
soda;  chlorides  of  time  and  magnesium,  oxides 
of  ir- >ii  and  magnesium, 

PURCIPER  \.    Penis. 

1"!  RCILLA,  Fourck 

FURCULA,  Fureella,  Clavicle,  Fourchette. 

FUR  EUR    UTBJIINE,  Nymphomania. 

PURPUR,  from  far,  'bran,')  Bran,  Pityron, 
Ach'yron,  Apobras'ma,  Lemma,  Cantabru'no,  (F.) 
Son,  The  decoction  is  sometimes  employed  as 
an  emollient. 

PURPUR  \.  Scarf. 

FURFC  R  A'C  E 0 0 8,  from  furfur,  'bran.' 
Scurfy,  ■//«,     Pitkyri'nus,     PityroXdes, 

■  les,  (F.)  Furfuraci.  Resembling  bran. 
A  name   given   to  eruptions,  in  which  the  epider- 

letached  in  small  scales  resembling  bran. 
Also,  a  bran-like  sediment  observed  at  times  in 
the  urine: — Urina  furfura'cea,  Sedi men' turn 
I  pityroides. 

FURFURAMIDE,  see  Pnrfurine. 

PURPURATIO,  Desquamation,  Porrigo,  Pity- 

FUR'F  URINE.    Furfuri'na,   from  furfur, 
'bran.'     By  the  action  of  dilute  eulphnrfe  acid  on 
am  meal  or  bran  an  oil   is  obtained — -furfural  or 
By  the  action  of  ammonia  on  this, 
furfuramide  or  furfurolamide  results:  and  by  the 
action  of  dilute  potassa  on  this  the  alkaloid  /Mr- 
is  obtained.     This  was  found  by  Professor 
a,  of  Edinburgh,  to  possess  tonic,  if  not 
antiperiodic,  properties. 

FURISCA,  Pityriasis. 
PURFUROL,  see  Pnrfurine. 
FURFUROLAMIDE,  see  Pnrfurine. 
PU'RIA   INFERNA'LIS.     A  kind  of  vermi- 
form i  ly  two  lines  long,  common  in 
.:.  which   flies  about   an  1    BtingS    both    man 
inimals,   exciting    the    most    excruciating 

(urture. 

.  ., 

PURI03US,  Mat 
\nl<.  Ifani 
FURMAGE,  CI 
FURMENTY,  Prument 
FURNAS,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF.      A 


thermal  chalybeate  water  in  St  Michael's,  Azores, 
which  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  Carbonate  of 
iron. 

FURONCLB,  Furunculus. 

FURONCLE  OUEPJER.     A  malignant  bell, 

Wacp's  ii,-l  boil,  whioh  generally  attacks  the 
nape  and  region  of  the  neck,  and  rarely  others 
than  old  people.  Hence  it  has  been  called  Old 
-  boil. 

FURONCULEUX,  Furunenlar. 

FUROR,  Mania— f.  Brevis,  Rage— £  Mania, 
Mania— £  Uterinue,  Nvmphomania. 

PURRED,  see  Enduit. 

II  RROW,  MENTO- LABIAL,  see  Mento- 
labial  furrow. 

I  I  !'.  I  N  'i  ID  I.  V  K.  Furu  ■>'<  uIoum,  Furuneulo'sue, 
(F.)  Furonculeux.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
furunculus. — as  'a  furuncular  epidemic' 

PURUNCULI  ATONICI,  Ecthyma— f.  Ven- 

tricuhis,  see  Furunetilus. 

PUR1  N'CULOID,  Furunculoi'de*.  A  hybrid 
term,  from  furunculus,  and  uios,  jreaem  bianco,1 
Resembling  furunculus, — as  'a  furunculoid  epi- 
demic.' 

FURUN'CULUS,  from  furere,  'to  be  mad.' 
Chi'adus,  Ohi'oli,  Doth'ien,  Dothion,  Fur nnf cuius 
auppurato'riua,  F.  Verus,  F.  benie/nus,  Phymafu- 
run' cuius,  Abscee'sus  mudea'tns,  a  furuncle,  a  b  nl, 
a  bile,  (So.)  Bruick,  AV«/.-,  (Pruv.'i  Piunaey 
Fvronde,  Fronde,  Clou,  A  small  phlegmon, 
which  appears  under  the  form  of  a  eonical,  hard, 
circumscribed  tumour,  having  its  seat  in  the  der- 
moid texture.  At  the  end  of  an  uncertain  period, 
it  becomes  pointed,  white  or  yellow,  ami  gives 
exit  to  pus  mixed  with  blood.  When  it  breaks, 
a  small,  grayish,  fibrous  in:.—  Bonn  times  appears, 
which  consists  of  dead  areolar  tissue.  This  is 
called  the  Core,  Setfast,  Ventric'ulue  sen  Nucleus, 
Furun'culi,  (F.)  Bourbillon.  The  abscess  does 
not  heal  until  after  its  separation.  The  indica- 
tions, of  treatment  are, — to  discuss  by  the  appli- 
cation of  leeches  and  warm  fomentations;  —  or, 
if  this  cannot  be  done,  to  encourage  suppuration 
by  warm,  emollient  cataplasms.  When  suppu- 
ration is  entirely  established,  the  part  may  bo 
opened  or  suffered  to  break,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

The  term  blind  boil  is  given  to  an  indolent, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  phlegmonous  tumour, 
of  the  kind  described  above,  which  is  often  seated 
in  a  sebaceous  follicle,  as  in  Acne  indurate. 

PoRONi  ii!  B  'iASGii.ENosus,  Anthrax — f.  Ma- 
lignus,  Anthrax. 

PUSARIA  VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris  vermi- 
cularis  —  f.  Viseeralis  et  renalis,  Strongylus 
gigaa. 

I  I  'SEE  PURULBNTE  (P.).     The  long  and 
sinuous  route  which   pus  takes,  in  certain 
in  making  its  way  to  the  surface.     These  i 
almost  always  form  Ijeneath  the  skin  between  the 
-;    or  along  aponeuroses,  bones,   tendons, 
<fcc. 

PUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FUSIBLE,  h    Fusion. 

FUSIBILI  PY,  Bee  Fusion, 

FUSION,  Fn'wio,  .U,/iiii>j,  Liquefac'tion  ;  from 
fundere,  fusum,   'to    melt.'     In    ohymistry,   the 
transition  of  a  solid  body  into  a  Liquid  by  the  aid 
'.;'  beat.     Substances  capable  of  such  transition 
i  to  hi-  fusible  ;  or  to  in-  ot  fusi- 

bility. 

PUSTIC  TREE,  Cladastrls  tinctoria, 

PUTUTRIX,  Tribes, 


GAB 


410 


GALACTOPOSIA 


G. 


The  Greek  G,  r,  with  the  ancient  Greek  phy- 
sicians, signified  an  ounce. — Rhod.  ad  Scriboniutn. 

GAB,  Mouth. 

GABALLA,  Cabal. 

GABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GABIR'EA,  yaiiioea.  A  fatty  kind  of  myrrh, 
mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

GADUS  JEGLIFINUS,  see  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli  —  g.  Callarias,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  g. 
Carbonarius,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  g.  Lota, 
see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — g.  Merluccius,  see  Oleum 
jecoris  aselli  —  g.  Morrhua,  see  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli — g.  Pollachius,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

GEOPHAGIA,  Geophagism. 

G^EOPH'AGUS,  from  yaw,  'earth,'  and  <payw, 
'I  eat.'     One  who  eats  earth. 

GAGEL.  Myrica  gale. 

GAGUE  SANG,  Caque-sang. 

GAHET,  Cagot. 

GAIAC,  Guaiacum. 

GAILLET  ACCROCHANT,  Galium  aparine 
— g.  Crochant,  Galium  aparine — g.  Jaime,  Galium 
verum — g.  Vrai,  Galium  verum. 

GAINE,  Vagina  or  sheath — g.  de  I'Apophyse 
sty/dide,  Vaginal  process  of  the  temporal  bone — 
g.  de  la  Veine  porte,  Vagina  or  sheath  of  the  vena 
porta. 

GAITLING,  Infans. 

GALA,  ya\a,  genitive  yaXaKTos,  milk;  hence: 

GALACTACRA'SIA.  from  ya\a,  and  axpacia, 
'imperfect  mixture.'  A  morbid  mixture  or  con- 
stitution of  the  milk. 

GALACTACRATIA,  Galactia. 

GALACTJE'MIA,  from  yaXa,  and  'aijia,  'blood.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  contains 
milk. 

GALACTAGOGA,  Galactopoetica. 

GALACTAPOSTEMA,  Mastodynia  apostema- 
tosa. 

GALACTIA,  GalactirrJioe'a,  GalactorrTice'a, 
from  yaXa.  Lactis  redundan'tia,  Polygalactia, 
Galactoze'mia.  A  redundant  flow  of  milk,  either 
in  a  female  who  is  suckling,  or  in  one  who  is  not. 
It  may  occur  without  being  provoked  by  suck- 
ling. When  to  a  great  extent,  it  sometimes  causes 
wasting;  Tabes  lac'tea,  T.  uutri'cum.  Dr.  Good 
uses  Galae'tia,  in  his  Nosology,  for  'morbid  flow 
or  deficiencv  of  milk,'  Galactacrati' a. 

GALACTICUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIDRO'SIS,  from  yaXa,  and  etSpu>cris, 
'sweatine.'     Sweating  of  milk. 

GALACTIFER,  Galactophorous. 

GALACTIXE,  Casein. 

GALACTINUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIRRHOEA,  Galactia. 

GALACTIS,  Galaxias. 

GALACTIS'CHESIS,  Galactos'chesis,  Lactis 
reten'tio,  from  yaXa,  and  ic^ziv,  'to  restrain.' 
Retention  or  suppression  of  milk. 

GALACTITES,  Galaxias. 

GALACTOCATARACTA,  Cataract,  milky. 

GALACTOCE'LE,  Galacton'cus,  Lactoce'le, 
from  yaXa,  and  kt/Xij,  'a  tumour.'  Tumor  lac'teus. 
Distension  of  one  or  more  of  the  galactophorous 
sinuses  by  milk.  Lactiferous  engorgement.  The 
French  use  the  term  Foil  for  such  engorgement; 
a  relic  of  an  idea,  as  old  as  Aristotle,  that  a  hair 
swallowed  may  have  obstructed  one  of  the  milk 
tubes,  which  must  be  got  rid  of  by  sucking. 

The  name  has,  also,  been  given  by  Vidal  de 
Cassis  to  a  tumour  produced  by  an  effusion  of  a 


white  liquid  into  the  tunica  vaginalis,  which  he 
considered  to  be  true  milk. 

GALACTODEN'DRON  U'TILE,  from  yaXa, 
and  SevSpov,  'a  tree.'  Palo  de  Vaeca,  Arbal  de 
Leche,  Cow  tree  of  South  America.  Family,  Ur- 
ticaceae.  AVhen  an  incision  is  made  into  tlie 
trunk,  a  fluid  similar  to  milk  flows  out,  which  is 
agreeable  and  nutritious. 

GALACTO'DES.  from  yaXa,  and  u&os,  'resem- 
blance.' In  Hippocrates,  the  term  signifies  milk- 
warm,  and  likewise  a  milky  colour,  as  of  the  urine 
— uri'na  galacto'des. 

GALACTODLE'TA.  Dics'ta  lac'tea,  from  yaXa, 
and  Siaira,  'diet.'     A  milk  diet. 

GALACT0DIARRHG3A,  Coeliac  Flux. 

GALACTOGANGLIOX,  Milk  knot. 

GALACTOSEMIA,  Galactha' mia,  Galce'mia, 
from  yaXa,  and  'aifxa,  'blood.'  Lactis  na'iguino- 
len'ti  Excre'tio.  The  secretion  of  bloody  or 
bloodlike  milk. 

GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,  Mastody- 
nia apostematosa. 

GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactom'eter,  from  yaXa, 
and  /jLETpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for  appre- 
ciating the  quantity  of  cream  in  milk.  It  is  a 
kind  of  graduated  separatory  or  eprouvette —  the 
degrees  on  the  scale  indicating  the  thickness  of 
the  layer  of  cream  that  forms  on  the  surface  of 
the  milk. 

GALACTOXCUS,  Galactocele. 

GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Galactoph'agus,  Lac 
tiv'orus,  sometimes  used  substantively;  from 
yaXa,  and  cpaym,  'I  eat.'  That  which  feeds  on 
milk.  A  name  given  to  certain  people,  with 
whom  milk  appears  to  constitute  the  chief  nou- 
rishment. 

GALACTOPHORA,  Galactopoetica. 

GALACTOPHORITIS.  Inflammation  of  the 
galactophorous  ducts.  It  has  been  inaccurately 
used  for  ulceration  of  the  top  of  the  nipple 
towards  their  orifices. 

GALACTOPHOROUS,  Lactiferous— g.  Ducts, 
Lactiferous  ducts — g.  Receptacle,  see  Lactiferous' 
vessels  —  g.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous  vessels  —  g. 
Sinuses,  see  Lactiferous  vessels. 

GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some  accoucheurs  have 
given  this  name  to  an  instrument  intended  to  fa- 
cilitate sucking,  when  the  faulty  conformation  of 
the  nipple  prevents  the  child  from  laying  hold 
of  it. 

GALACTOPH'YGUS,  from  yaXa,  and  tevyetv, 
'to  shun.'  That  which  arrests  or  disperses  the 
secretion  of  milk.  Hence  Galactoph'yga  Jledi- 
camen'ta. 

GALACTOPLA'NIA,  Jfetas'tasis  seu  Aber- 
ra'tio  seu  Via  extraordina'rice  lactis,  Galactor- 
rhea erro'nea,  from  yaXa,  and  irXavTj,  'wander- 
ing.' Extravasation  of  milk  into  the  areolar 
membrane.  Secretion  of  milk  elsewhere  than 
from  the  breasts. 

GALACTOPLERO'SIS,  from  yaXa,  and  rXn- 
puxTis,  'repletion.'     Redundance  of  milk. 

GALACTOPOEA,  Galactopoetica. 

GALACTOPOESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOET'ICA,  Gatactoph'ora.  Galac- 
tago'ga,  Galactopoe'a,  from  yuXa,  and  rrouu),  '  I 
make.'     Substances  to  which  has  been  attributed 

I  the  property  of  favouring  the  secretion  of  milk 
and  augmenting  its  quantity. 

GALACTOPOIESIS,  Galactosis. 

II  GALACTOPO'SIA,    from    yaXa,    and    xoaig, 


GALACTOTOTES 


411 


GALIUM 


'drink.'  The  drinking  of  milk.  Treatment  of 
a  disease  by  means  of  milk. 

GALAC  COP'O  CBS,  Galactop'otuw,  Laetip'etor. 
Same  etymon.  A  drinker  of  milk.  One  sub- 
jected to  a  milk  diet. 

GALACTOPYRA,  Fever,  milk. 

G  \l..\<  TOPYRETUS,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTORRHEA,  Galactia— g.  Erronea, 
Galactoplania —  g.    Baoeharata,    Baeeharorrhosa 

GALACTOS  ICCHARUM,  Baeeharam  lactis. 

GALACTOSCHESIS,  Galactischesis. 

GALACTO  8 IS,    Qalaetopoit'tia,    Qalactopoaf- 
re'tio  but  is;   from    yaXa.     The   secretion 
or  formation  of  milk. 

GALACTOT'ROPHE,  QafaHrtropX'ia,  from 
yu\a,  and  rao+m,  '  nourishment.'  Nourishment 
bv  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOZE'MIA,  from  ya\a,  and  fain, 
'loss.'     Loss  of  milk.     Also,  Galactia. 

GALACTU'CHOS,  from  yaXm,  and  ix.uv,  'to 
have.'     Suckling.     Giving  milk. 

GAL  ICTURIA,  Cnyluria. 

(;  A  I, .EMI  V.  Galactohmmia. 

G  A  LANG  \.  .M.iranta  galanga, 

GALANGAL,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALANGALE,  Cyperus  longus. 

GALARH(EUS  LATHYRIS.  Euphorbia  la- 
thvris — g.  Palustris,  Euphorbia  paluatris. 

GALARIPS,  Allamaoda. 

GALAX  APHYL'LA,  G.  rotund  i fa' I  ia.  Ery- 
throrrhi'za  rotundifo'lia  ;  Carpenter' a  lea/,  Beetle- 
weed;  indigenous;  Order  Ericaceae.  The  root  ie 
astringent,  and  the  leaves,  in  domestic  practice, 
are  applied  to  cuts  and  wounds. 

GALAXI  \,  Thoracic  duct. 

il  ILAX'IAS,  Galacti'tee,  Galac'tia;  from  ya\a. 
A  milk  stone.  A  stone  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  promoting  the  Becretion  of  milk. 

GALBANUM,  see  Bubon  galbanum — g.  Long- 
leaved.  Bubon  galbanum. 

G  LL'BULUS,  from  gnlbus,  'yellow.'  A  kind 
of  congenita]  jaundice,  in  which  the  yellow  colour 
continues  through  life.  It  is  rather  a  defect  in 
colour  than  a  disease. — Vogel. 

GALE,  M yrica  gale  —  g.  Odorant,  Myrica  gale 
— g.  Scotch,  Myrica  gale — g.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

GALE,  Psora — g.  Canine,  Psoriasis  —  g.  Epi- 
dimique,  Eczema  —  g,  Miliaire,  Psoriasis  —  g. 
S&che,  Lichen,  Psoriasis. 

GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  ya\ca,  'a  cat;'  of 
the  skin  of  which  it  was  formerly  made.  [?]  A 
name  given  to  the  amnion,  and  also  to  the  band- 
age of  Galen.  In  Pathology,  it  indicates  a  head- 
ach  affecting  the  whole  head.     See,  also,  Caul. 

Galea    Aponeurot'ica    Cap'itis,    Ga'lea   ten- 

din'ea     Santori'ni,    Ga'lea    cap'itis,    Membra' na 

epi'Tu'm'a.       The     tendinous     expansion     which 

unites   the   frontal   and   occipital  portions  of  the 

i-frontalia  muscle. 

<;  UiEAMAUROSIS,  Amaurotic  cat's  eye. 

GALEAN'CON,  Galian'eon,  from  ya>ea,  'a 
cnt,'  'a  weasel,'  and  ayxuv,  'an  elbow.'  Muite- 
bi'ti'ii*.      One  who  has  two  short  arms. 

G  A  L  E  A  X  'T  II  R  0  1*  V,  Galeanthro'pia,  from 
ya\cu,  •  a  cat.'  and  avc-pioTTos,  'a  man.'  A  variety 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  believes  him- 
Felf  ohanged  into  a  cat.  An  affection  similar  to 
lyoantbropy  and  oynanthropy. 

GALB'GA,  G.  offieina'lie  seu  oulga'rie  sen  Per*- 
ai<-,,,   Rata    eapra'rta,   Goat* a    Rue,   (P.)   Rot    de 
ehivre,  Faux  Indigo.     Ord.  Leguminossa.     It  Is 
slightly  aromatic,  and  was   once    used   a<  a  sudo- 
rific and  al.-xifrial  in  malignant  fever*,  <v«. 
Galbga  Apollinba,  Tepbrosis  apollinea  —  g. 
i.  Galega  —  g.  Purpurea.  T.'nhrosia  opolli- 
g.  Toziearia,  Tephrosia  toxioaria. 
Galboa  VinoiNrA'NA,  Tephro'aia   Virginia'na, 
I  Pea,  lL.mj  I'c.i,  DeviPa  ahoeatringe,  Vir- 


ginia Gnat's  rue  or  cot-gut,  is  used  in  some  parts 
of  the  United  Slates  as  an  anthelmintic.  The 
decoction  of  the  root  is  given. 

Galbga  Vulgaris,  Galega. 

GALEN  E,  Graphites. 

GALENEA,  Graphites. 

GALEN'IC,  GnU  n'iool,  Galen'icua,  Gale'nin*, 
(F.)  Galiniqne,  from  Galenua.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  doctrine  of  Galen  or  to  Galenism.  Used, 
substantively,  for  drugs  that  are  not  ohymicah 

Galcnic  M  i  imi  imb,  Galenism. 

GA'LENISM,  Galenic  uied'icine.  The  doc- 
trine of  Galen. 

GA'LENIST,    GaleniVta,   Galenis'tes.     A  fol- 
lower of  the  doctrine  of  Galen. 
G ALEXIUS,  Galenic. 
GALEOBDOLON,  Galeopsis. 
GALEOPDOLON,  Galeopsis. 
QALEOPSIDE,  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 
GALEOPSIS,  Laraium  album. 
Galkop'sis,   Goliop'aia,  Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'- 
dolon,  La'minm  ntbrtim,  Urti'ca  liters  magna  /</■- 
tidia'aima,    Stachya   fdt^tfda,    Hedge    nettle,   (F.J 
Ortie  morte  (lex  Loin.     Ord.  Labiata?.    From  yn\ta, 
'a  weasel,'  and   otptg,  'appearance;'    the   corolla 
having  been  supposed   to  resemble  the  head   of 
the  weasel.     This  plant  was  formerly  reckoned  a 
vulnerary  and  anodyne. 

Galeopsis  Axgustifolia,  G.  grandiflora  —  g. 
Dubia,  G.  grandiflora. 

Galeop'sis  Granpiflo'ra,  G.  Ochrnhu'ca  seu 
la'danum  seu  anguatifo'lia  seu  du'bia  seu  proa- 
tra'ta  seu  vilfo'xa,  Tetrahit  longiflo'rum,  G.  Seg"- 
etnni,  Herba  Sideri'tidis,  (F.)  Galeopeide,  Chan r re 
biitard.  This  plant  is  regarded  in  Germany  as  a 
bitter  resolvent.  It  is  the  basis,  also,  of  a  cele- 
brated nostrum,  the  Blankenheimer  Tea,  called 
likewise  Lieber's  pectoral  and  phthisical  herbs 
(Liebersche  Brust  oder  Auszehrungs- 
Krauter),  which  has  enjoyed  great  repute  in 
pectoral  complaints.  The  tops  of  the  plant  are 
given  in  decoction  (Jfj,  boiled  in  a  pint  of  water 
for  a  quarter  of  an  hour).  This  quantity  to  be 
taken  in  a  day. 

Galeopsis  Ladanum,  G.  grandiflora — g.  Ochro- 
leuca,  G.  grandiflora — g.  Prostrata,  G.  grandiflora 
— g.  Segetum,  G.  grandiflora. 

Galeop'sis  Versicolor,  is  possessed  of  the 
same  virtues. 

Galeopsis  VrLLOSA,  G.  grandiflora. 
GALEROPIA,  Oxyopia. 
GALEUX,  Psoric. 

GA'LIA.  An  ancient  composition,  in  which 
galls  were  an  ingredient;  the  Galia  pura.  There 
was  also  a  Galia  aroma? tea,  moacha'ta  seu  mva- 
ca'ta,  which  consisted  of  a  mixture  of  several 
perfumes,  such  as  musk. 
GALIANCON,  Galeancon. 
GALIOPSIS,  Galeopsis. 

GALIPiEA  FEBRIFUGA,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— g.  Officinalis,  see  Cusparia  febrifuga. 
GALIPOT,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
GA'LIUM,   Gal'lium,  [from  ya\a,  'milk,'  be- 
cause some  species  curdle  milk.)     G.  verum. 
<;  ILIUM  Album,  G.  Mollugo. 
Ga'lum  Apari'ne,  G.  infrst'um  seu  aparinor^ 
desseu  braehycarp'on  sen  acaber'rimum,  Yalan'tia 
apart' nl,  Apari'ni,  A.  hia'pida.   Lappa,  Philan- 
thro'pue,    Ampelocar'ptw,    Omphalocar'ptia,    true, 
Aaphari'ni,    Aaper'ula,     Gooae-graaa,     Clearer'* 
bees,   Cleavera,   Gooae-ahare,  Robin-run-the-hedge, 
Hayriff,  (Old  En-.)  C lit  her  en,  (Prov.)  aider,  ra- 
rer; Order,  RnbiacesB ;  Sear.  Syat.  Tetrandria  Mo- 
rjogynia,  (P.)  Gaillet  cccrochant,G.  eroehant,Grat- 
teron.     The  expressed  juice  has  been  given  as  an 
aperient  diuretic   in    incipient  dropsies  ;    also   in 
cancer;  and  the  decoction  in  Lepra  and  Psoriasis. 
Galium  Aparahoidbs,  G.  aparine. 
Ga'lium  Asprell'cm,  Rough  bed-atraw,  Hough 


GALL 


41  2 


GANGLION 


ladies'  bed-straw ;    indigenous;    has  the  diuretic 
properties  of  most  of  its  genus. 

Galium  Brachycarpon,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Cau- 
casicum,  G.  verum. 

Galium  Cibcjb'zams,  Wild  Liquortee,  Master 
of  the  Woods.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flow- 
ers from  Juno  to  August.  It  is  demulcent  and 
diuretic,  and  is  a  popular  domestic  remedy. 

Galium  Infeste,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Luteum,  G. 
verum. 

GALIUM  Mollu'go,  Galium  album  sen  Tijro- 
Icn'se,  Ah/s'sum  Plin'ii.  Greater  ladies'  bed-straw, 
(F.)  Caillela.it  blanc  The  herb  and  flowers  have 
b^en  used  medicinally  in  epilepsy. 

Galium  Odoratum,  Asperula  odorata — g.  Sca- 
berrimura,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Tincto'rum.  an  American  species, 
closely  allied  in  properties  to  G.  verum. 

Galium  Tyrolense,  G.  mollugo — g.  Tubercu- 
latum, G.  verum. 

Ga'lium  Verum,  Ga'lium,  G.  hi'teum  seu  Can- 
C'i'sirum  seu  tuberculatum,  Ladies'  bed-straw, 
Cheese -rennet.  Bed -straw,  C/eavewort,  Goose- 
grass,  Savoyan,  Clabber-grass,  Milksweet,  Poor 
Robin,  Gravel-grass,  (F.)  Gaillet  jaune  ou  vrai, 
Vrai  Caillelait.  The  tops  were  used  in  the  cure 
of  epilepsy.  The  leaves  and  flowers  possess  the 
property  of  curdling  milk. 

GALL,  Bile,  see  Chafing,  and  Eczema  impetigi- 
nodes,  Quercus  infectoria,  and  Vitrum — g.  of  the 
Earth,  Prenanthes,  P.  alba — g.  Nut,  see  Quercus 
infectoria — g.  of  the  Ox,  see  Bile — g.  of  the  Skin, 
Chafing — g.  Turkev.  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL-BLADDER.  Vcsic'ula  fellis,  Chol'e- 
cyst,  Cholecys'tis,  F<dlic'ulus  fellis,  Cystis  fel'lea 
seu  ch'jled'oehus,  Vesi'ca  fellea  seu  bilia'ria, 
Yesic'ula  bilis,  Follic'ulus  fel'leus,  (F.)  Vesicule 
da  fiel  ou  biliaire,  Reservoir  de  la  bile.  A 
membranous,  pyriform  reservoir,  lodged  in  a  su- 
perficial depression  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
right  lobe  of  the  liver.  It  receives,  by  the  hepa- 
tic and  cystic  ducts,  a  portion  of  the  bile  secreted 
by  the  liver,  when  the  stomach  is  empty,  which 
becomes  in  it  more  acrid,  bitter,  and  thick.  It 
receives  an  artery,  called  the  cystic.  Its  veins 
empty  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves  come  from 
the  hepatic  plexus,  and  its  lymphatic  vessels  join 
those  of  the  liver. 

GALL  A,  see  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Maxima 
Orbiculata,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLxE  QUERCUS,  see  Quercus  infectoria— 
g.  Tinctoriae,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Turcica?, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLATURA.  Molecule. 
GALLE  BE  CHEXE,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 
GALLI  GALLINACEI  CAPUT,  Gallinaginis 
caput. 

GALLINAG"INIS  CAPUT.  Galli  gallina'cei 
Caput,  Caput  gallina'ceum,  Collie' ulns  semiua'lis, 
Cirun'cula  semiua'lis,  Veru  monta'ntim,  Crista 
urethra'/is  seu  xtre' throe,  Crete  urethrale, —  (Ch..) 
from  gallinago.  gallinaginis,  'a  woodcock.'  An 
oblong,  rounded  projection,  formed  by  the  mucous 
membrane  in  the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethra, 
at  the  sides  of  which  the  ejaculatory  ducts  open. 
GAL'LIPOT,  ( Pro  v. )  Glumpot.  Perhaps  from 
gala,  'finery.'  [?]  A  pot  painted  and  glazed,  or 
merely  glazed,  and  commonly  used  to  hold  medi- 
cines. 

GALLITRICHUM.  Salvia  sclarea. 
GALLIUM.  Galium. 

GALLS,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Bnssorah, 
pee  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Mecca,  see  Quercus 
infectoria. 

GALLSICKNESS,  Fever,  VYalcheren. 
GALLSTONES.  Calculi,  biliary. 
GALLUS,  Eunuch. 
GALREDA,  Gelatin. 


GALVANIA   VELLOZII,    Palicourea    Marc- 
graavii. 

GALVANIC  CAUTERY,  see  Moxa. 
GALVANISATION,  Galvanization. 
GAL'VANISM,  Galvanis'mus,  Electric"  itas 
auima'lis  seu  Galvan'ica  seu  meial'lica,  Irrita- 
men'tum  metallo'rum  seu  metal'licum,  Vol'taiam, 
Volta'ic  or  Chemical  or  Contact  Electricity.  Called 
after  Galvani.  A  series  of  phenomena,  consisting 
in  sensible  movements,  executed  by  animal  parts, 
which  are  endowed  with  irritability,  when  placed 
in  connexion  with  two  metallic  plates  of  different 
nature,  between  which  a  communication  is  esta- 
blished by  direct  contact  or  by  means  of  a  metal- 
lic wire.  Galvanism  has  been  employed  medici- 
nally in  the  same  cases  as  electricity,  and  espe- 
cially in  neuralgic  aflections.  It  is  often  applied 
in  the  form  of  plates, — " Mansford's  plates."  In 
asthma,  for  example,  a  small  blister,  the  size  of  a 
dollar,  may  be  placed  on  the  neck  over  the  course 
of  the  phrenic  and  pneumogastric  nerves,  and 
another  on  the  side,  in  the  region  of  the  dia- 
phragm. One  metal  is  placed  mediately  or  im- 
mediately over  the  vesicated  surface  on  the  neck, 
and  another  over  that  in  the  side.  They  are 
then  connected  by  means  of  a  wire.  The  new 
nervous  impression,  in  this  way  induced,  is  often 
sienallv  beneficial. 

"GALVANIZATION,   Galvanisa'tio,  (F.)   Gal- 
vanisation.    The  act  of  affecting  with  galvanism. 
Galvanization,  Lo'calized.     (F.)  Galvani sar 
tion  localisee.     A  mode  of  employing  galvanism, 
proposed  by  Duchenne,  of  Boulogne,  by  which,  he 
conceives,  the  electric  influence  may  be  arrested, 
at  will,  in  the  skin ;  or,  without  any  incision  or 
puncture,  the  skin  may  be  traversed,  and  the  elec- 
tric influence  be  limited  to  the  organs  which  it  co- 
vers— to  the  nerves,  muscles,  and  even  the  bones. 
GALVANOPUNCTURE,  Electropuncture. 
GAMBA,  Patella. 
GAMBARUS,  Crab. 

GAiMBIER,  see  Catechu  and  Nauclea  gambir. 
GAMBIR,  see  Catechu  and  Nauclea  gambir. 
GAMBOGIA,  Cambogia. 
GAMBOIDIA,  Cambogia. 
GAMMARUS,  Crab. 

GAM'MATA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Cauteries, 
having  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter  r,  gamma, 
which  were  used  for  cauterizing  hernia?. 

GAMMAUT,   Gammot.     The  Italians,  accord- 
ing to  Scultetus,  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of 
crooked  bistouri,  used  for  opening  abscesses. 
GAMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 
GAMPHE,  Gena. 

GAMPHELE.  Gena,  Maxillary  Bone. 
GAXGAME,  Epiploon. 
GANGAMUM.  Epiploon. 

GANGLIA    CEREBRI    POSTICA,    Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — g.  Formative,  see  Ganglion 
— g.  Hemispherical,  Hemispheres    of  the    brain 
—  g.  of  Increase,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Nervorum, 
Ganglions,  nervous,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Respira- 
tory, see  Encephalon  —  g.  Sensory,  see  Sensory 
ganelia — g.  Stomato-gastric,  see  Encephalon. 
°  GANGLIAR,  Ganglionic. 
GANGLIATED.  Ganglionic. 
GANG'LIFORM.  Gamg'lioform,  Ganglifor'mis. 
Having  the  shape  of  a  ganglion.    From  ganglion, 
and  forma,  'form.' 

GANGLIITIS.  Ganglionitis. 
GANGLI'OLUM,  Diminutive  of  ganglion.     A 
small  ganglion. 

GANGLIO'MA.  A  tumour  of  the  glands  or 
of  the  lymphatic  ganglions,  and  especially  epi- 
thelioma of  them. — Nysten. 

GANG'LION.  Gang'/ium.  In  anatomy,  a  name 
generally  given  to  a  knot-like  enlargement  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve.  It  is  applied,  however,  to 
organs  differing  considerably  from  each  other  in 


GANGLION 


413 


GANGRENE 


size,    colour,    texture,  function?,  dYs.      They  are 
divided  into  glandiform,  fnmpkatio,  and  m 
1.   Glandiform  ganglion*,  ceiled  '.  <"v- 

cnlar,  and  tanguineou*  ganglion*  :  bUnd,  aporic, 
.  blood,  and  vatcular  gland*;  glandule* 
npnricB,  it  i-..  are  organs  of  whose  fdnetiona  we 
lire,  in  general,  ignorant;  ami  which  have  the 
appearance  of  glands.  They  are  tonne. i 
glomerated  globules,  pervaded  bj  blood-i 
surrounded  by  areolar  membrane,  and  contain  a 
milk y  or  yellowish  fluid.  To  this  class  belong  the 
Bpleea,  thymus,  thyroid,  and  supra-renal  glands. 
They  are,  doubtless,  eonosrned  in  sanguification. 
Conglobate. 

•  'i  Nodi 
sen  Nod'uli  Nerve/rum,  Trnmefrem  sen  Plesue 
ganglioform't  \andiforfme*,   Tuber'cula  . 

imil</*tt  Nervo'rum,  Dinertitfula  tpirituum  ani- 
ma'lium,  Ganglia  of  increase,  Formfativeganaflia. 
Bolargements  or  knots  in  the  course  of  a  nerve. 
They  belong,  in  general,  to  the  system  of  the 
greal  sympathetic.  One  exists  on  the  posterior 
rout  of  every  spinal  nerve,  ami  on  one  cerebral, — 
the  5th.  Biehat  regarded  them  as  so  many  small 
brains,  or  centres  of  nervous  action,  independent 
of  the  encephsJon,  and  intended  exclusively  for 
organic  life.  Being  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
cerebral  and  spinal  nerves,  they  may  send  out 
the  influence  of  both  these  oervous  centres  to  the 
parts  to  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from  them 
are  distributed,  Ganglia  are  chiefly  composed  of 
vesicular  neurine:  and  appear  to  be  concerned 
in  the  formation  and  dispensation  of  nerve  power. 
(LION,  (yayyXtm,  Aetius.)  Same  etymon. 
Empkv'ma  encya'ti*  ganglion,  A  globular,  hard, 
at  tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of 
the  skin  ;  of  a  size  varying  from  that  of  a  pea,  to 
that  of  an  egg.  and  always  .-ituate  in  the  course 
of  a  tendon.  The  tumour  is  formed  of  a  viscid, 
albuminous  fluid,  contained  in  a  cyst  of  greater 
or  less  thickness.  The  cyst  is  sometimes  loose ; 
but  in  the  majority  of  cases  it  communicates,  by 
a  narrow  footstalk,  with  the  sheath  of  a  tendon, 
or  even  with  the  synovial  capsule  of  a  neighbour- 
ing articulation.  The  causa  are  generally  un- 
known. 'J:.  -:<  iii  compression, 
peren3sion,  the  use  of  discutients,  extirpation,  or 
incision. 

ILIOH  Aiuiomin  U.K.  G.  semilunar — g.  Ade- 
noid. O.  glandiform  —  g.  of  Andersoh,    I 

□  — g.  Annular,  see  Ciliary  ligament  —  g. 
of  Arnold,  Oticum  ganglion  —  g.  Auricular,  Oti- 
tum  0. —  g.  Axygous,  see  Trisplanchnie  nerve  — 
g.  Cardiac,  Cardiao  ganglion  —  g.  Carotio  or  Ca- 
rotid, see  Carotid  or  Carotio  nerve  —  g.  Caver- 
nous, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve  —  g.  Cerebelli, 
-  dentatum — g.  Cerebral,  anterior,  Corpora 
striata  —  g.  Cerebri  Anterius,  Corpora  striata  — 
g,  ( '.',-,'/, r.ii,  infSrieur,  grand,  Thalami  nervorum 
optieorum  —  g.  Cerebral,  posterior,  Thalami  ner- 
vorum opticornm — g.d  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  g.  Ciliare,  Corpus  dentatum  —  g.  Ciliary, 
Ophthalmic  ganglion  —  g.  Corpuscles,  see  Neu- 
rine. 

GraXGLIOH    ok    Ehkknimti'ki:.    Ganglion    nervi 

glo$*n-/thitri/n<f'i  hhjh  ' rite,    I r.  jiujnlu' ,  r  mifn-'riiix 

Mull'i  ri.     a  reddish-gray 
I  nerve  is  the  fora- 
men laeerum,  aboi  tlion  of  Andersob. 

<i  OTfiLIOS  OP  ifii.  Firm  Ni:i:\  r,  G.  of  I 
(Jvm.iion    of    Gassbr,  Gan'glium   sea    Gan'- 
■  ria'num  sen  eemiluna're, 
J/.,/,*  gangliform'i*,  Tntnmetcen'tia  gemgliform'i* 
Feu  eentilnna'ri*,  Tat'nia  «■  rvo'*a   Hall'i 
alien  nf  the  fifth  nerve.     A   Bemicircnlar  knot  on 
'i    |>air  of  nerves,   before    its    division    into 
three  branches. 

Gawgliox,    GLAirniFORir,    •  m  —  g. 

Globulee,see  Neurine— g.  Lnpar,seeTrisplaoehnk 


nerve — g.  Jngnlars  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenrif 

.  Milk-knot — g.  of  Lanmonier, see  Carotid 
c  nerve — g.  Lenticular.  Ophthalmic  G. — 
g.    Lymphatic,   Conglobate    gland — g,    Maxillu- 
tympaniqme,  Oticum  O. — g.  of  Meckel,  Spheno- 
palatine (i. — g.  Mullcri.  o.  of  Ehrenritter —  g. 

Nasopalatine,     BOS     Nasopalatine     ganglion  —  g. 

Nervi  glosso-pbaryngei  soperins,  0.  of  Ebreurit- 

ter — g.  Nervous,  Neuroma  —  g.  Ophthalmic,  B6S 

Ophthalmic  ganglion  —  g.  Optic,  Qnadrigemina 

Ulbercula — g.  Orbitar,  G.  ophthalmic — g.  Uticum, 
Otieum  (i. — g.  Petrosal,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

liwiii.ioN   OP  THK    PkBOKOGAS'TRIC.      A    gan- 
glionic structure  in  the  pneuuiogastric  as  i;  ; 
through  the  foramen  laeerum  posterius. 

GanOLIOB  oi  BlBBS.  A  nervous  ganglion  upon 
the  anterior  communicating  artery  of  the  brain, 
and  to  be  found  at  the  point  of  junction  of  the 
right  and  left  trunks  of  the  sympathetic. 

G  \N..u..\.  .-ami  iM'.ors,  G.  glandiform  —  g. 
Semilunars,  0.  of  Gasser,  Ophthalmia  gai 

•  BOry,  see  Sensory  ganglia — g.  Solars,  G. 
semilunare — g.  Sphenoidal,  Sphenopalatine  gan- 
glion—  g.  Spinal,  see  Encephalon  —  g.  Splanch- 
nicum,  0.  semilunare  —  g.  Suptrieur  dm  oermeau 
[grand,)  Corpora  striata  —  g.  of  the  Superior 
Laryngeal  Branch,  see  Pneumo-gastrie  nerves  — 
g.  Surrenat,  G.  semilunare — g.  Thyroid,  see  Tri- 
splanchnie nerve — g.  Tran.-ver.~um,  0.  semilunare 
—  g.  Vascular,  G.  glandiform  —  g.  Vertebral,  see 
Trisplanchnie  nerve  —  g.  de  VieunscnD,  Cceliao 
plexus. 

GANGLIONARY,  Ganglionic 

•  lANGLIONES  NERVORUM,  Ganglions, 
nervous. 

GANGLION'IC,  Ganglion'icu*,  Gan'gltonary, 
Gan'gliar,  Gan'gliated,  from  ganglion,  (!'. 
glionnaire.  Relating  to  ganglia.  Nerves  are  so 
called  in  the  course  of  which  ganglions  are  met 
with  ;  as  the  greater  part  of  the  branches  of  the 
great  sympathetic  or  trisplanchnie,  the  posterior 
roots  of  the  spinal  nerves,  &.Q.  Ganglionic*,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Pereira,  are  agents,  which  affect 
the  ganglionic  or  great  sympathetic  system  of 
nerves.  [?] — as  stimulants  and  sedatives. 

Ganglionic  Nkkvk.  Trisplanchnie  nerve  —  g. 
Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnie  nerve. 

GANGLIONITIS,  Ganglii' tie,  from  yayy\iov, 
'a  ganglion,'  and  iti»,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  a  nervous  ganglion.  Sometimes 
used  for  inflammation  of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

G  wouoNiTis   Peripherics   et   Mbdullaris, 

Cholera. 

QANGLIONNAIRE,  Ganglionic 

G  INGLIUMj  Ganglion — g.  Gasseri,  Ganglion 
-  jer. 

JGBJ3NA,  Gangrene  —  g.  Alopecia,  Alo- 
pecia— g.  Caries,  Caries — g.  Nosooomiorum,  Hos- 
pital gangrene  —  g.  Oris.  Cancer  aqnatious  —  g. 
Spina  vsntoss — g.  Ossium,  Caries  —  g. 
Pottii,  see  Gangrene,  and  Gangrene  of  old  people 
—  g.  Pulmonum,  Necropnenmonia  —  g.  £ 
Gangrene  of  old  people— g.  Sphacelus,  Sphacelus 

■g.  Tonsillarum,  Cynanche  maligna — g.  Ustils* 
ginea,  Ergotism  —  l'.  Vs  \ 

GANGB.ENESCENTIA,  Gangrmnosis. 

<;.\ NO  R .EN  i '  i  S,  Gangrenous. 

GANGBJENODES,  Gangrenous. 

GANGBJSNOPS'IS,  from  yayyeamta,  'gnn- 
grene,  and  o  l  <>,  'the  countenance,'  Cancer  equa- 
tions; also,  gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  eve- 
lid.-  :  Blephari'ti*  gangretno'ea. — Siebenhaar. 

GANG  L.EV  ►'SIS,     Gangresneeot  n'tia,     from 
yayyiiaivn,  'gangrene.'     The   state   of  being  gan- 
•  or  of  becoming  gangrenous. 

GANGB.£N0S1  S,  Gangrenous. 

GANGBENE,  Gangrm'na,  Oanere'nei,  Hoi  mar- 
tifieation,  (P.J  Gangrene,  G.  Ckaude,  Atphyriedem 
partie*t  from  ypau>,  y^aivu),  'I  eat.'     Privation  of 


GAXGREXE  DE  LA  BOUCHE    414         GAKULEUM    BIPINXATUM 


life  or  partial  death  of  an  organ.  Authors  have 
generally  distinguished  mortification  into  two 
stages;  naming  the  first  incipient  or  gangrene. 
It  is  Attended  with  a  sudden  diminution  of  feel- 
ing in  the  part  affected  ;  livid  discoloration  ;  de- 
tach tneut  of  the  cuticle,  under  which  a  turbid 
fluid  is  effused:  with  crepitation,  owing  to  the 
disengagement  of  air  into  the  areolar  texture. 
When  the  part  lias  become  quite  black,  and  in- 
capable of  all  feeling,  circulation,  and  life,  it  con- 
stitutes the  second  stage,  or  mortification,  and  is 
called  sphac"elus.  Gangrene,  however,  is  fre- 
quently used  s\*nonymously  with  mortification, — 
local  asphyxia  being  the  term  employed  for  that 
condition,  in  which  the  parts  are  in  a  state  of 
suspended  animation,  and,  consequently,  suscep- 
tible of  resuscitation.  When  the  part  is  filled 
with  fluid  entering  into  putrefaction,  the  affection 
is  called  humid  gangrene,  (F.)  Ga)igrene  hnmide  : 
on  the  other  hand,  when  it  is  dry  and  shrivelled, 
it  constitutes  dry  gangrene;  (F.)  Gangrene  seche. 
To  this  class  belongs  the  gangra'na  seni'lis,  G. 
Pot'tii,  Presbyosphac'elus,  or  spontaneous  gnu- 
grene  of  old  people,  which  rarely  admits  of  cure. 


gosta'na.  It  grows  in  great  abundance  in  Java 
and  the  Molucca  islands.  The  fruit,  which  is 
about  the  size  of  an  orange,  is  delicious,  and  is 
eaten  in  almost  every  disorder.  The  dried  bark 
is  used  medicinally  in  dysentery  and  tenesmus; 
and  a  stroi.g  decoction  has  been  much  esteemed 
in  ulcerated  sore  throat. 

Garcin'ia  Pprpi'p.ea.  From  this  species  a 
concrete  oil  of  MaHgoateen  is  obtained,  which  is 
called,  in  India,  Kokum  butter,  Kokum  being  the 
Indian  name  of  Mangosteen.  The  oil  is  extracted 
from  the  fruit  by  boiling.  It  is  used  in  India  in 
cases  of  chaps. 

GA  R  D  E- MA  L  A  DE.  Nurse. 

GARDENIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia  dume- 
torum — g.  Spinosa,  G.  dumetorum. 

GARDEROBE.  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

GARDEROBES.  Fteees. 

GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY  PREPARA- 
TION, see  Orvza. 

GAR  DOUCHES,  Vesicals  semiuales. 

GARETUM,  Poples. 

GARGALISMUS,  Gargalus. 

GAR'GALUS,    Gar'gale,    Gargalis'm 


Whatever  may  be  the  kind  of  gangrene,  it  may  [|  la'tio,    Irrita'tio.    Pruri'tns.      Titillation 
be  caused  by  violent  inflammation,  contusion,  a 
burn,  congelation,  the  ligature  of  a  large  arterial 
trunk,  or  by  some  inappreciable  internal  cause. 

The  treatment,  both  of  external  and  internal 
gangrene,  varies  according  to  the  causes  which 
produce  it.  Gangrene  from  excessive  inflamma- 
tion is  obviated  by  antiph logistics  ;  and  that  from 
intense  cold  by  cautiously  restoring  the  circula- 
tion by  cold  frictions,  &c.  When  the  gangrene 
has  become  developed,  the  separation  of  the 
eschars  must  be  encouraged  by  emollient  appl 


Tiiil- 
irrita- 
tion, itching.  Also,  masturbation;  and,  rarely, 
animal  magnetism. 

GARGAREON,  Uvula. 

GARGARI3ATI0.  Gargarism. 

GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mns,  Gargaris'ma, 
Anagargalic'ton,  Gargaris' mum,  Collu'tio,  Dia- 
clys'ma,  Anagargaris'ton,  Anagargarism' us,  Ana- 
conch  y lis' m us.  Anaconchyl  ias'  mus,  Titillamen'tnm, 
from  yapyapi^ta,  'I  wash  the  mouth,'  'I  gargle.' 
A  gargle.  Any  liquid  medicine,  intended  to  be 
retained  in  the  mouth,  for  a  certain  time,  and  to 


cations,  if  there  be  considerable  reaction  ;  or  bj     be  thrown  in  contact  with  the  uvula,  velum  pen 


tonics  and  stimulants,  if  the  reaction  be  insui 
cient. 

Gangrbnr,  Hospital,  see  Hospital  gangrene 
— g.  of  the  Lungs,  Necropneumonia. 

GAXGREXE  DE  LA  DOUCHE,  Cancer 
aquations  —  g.  Chav.de,  Gangrene  —  g.  Froide, 
Sphacelus — g.  Humide,  see  Gangrene — g.  Seche, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Hopital,  Hospital  gangrene 


II  dulum,  tonsils,  &c.  For  this  purpose,  the  liquid 
{  is  agitated  by  the  air  issuing  from  the  larynx,  the 
!  head  being  thrown  back.  Gargles  are  employed 
i  in  cynanche  tonsillaris  and  other  diseases  of  the 
j|  fauces,  and  are  made  of  stimulants,  sedatives, 
i;  astringents,  refrigerants,  &c,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  process  is  termed  gargling,  gargarisa'tio. 


g.  dn  Poumon,  Necropneumonia — g.  des  Solonois, 
Ergotism. 

GAN'GRENOUS,  Gangrce'nicus.Gangrceno'sus, 
Gangreeiio'des,  (F.)  Gangreneux.  Affected  with  or 
relating  to  gangrene. 

Gangrenous  Erosiox  of  the  Cheek,  Cancer 
aquations. 

GANJAH,  Gunjah. 

G  ANTE LET  (F.),  Chirothe'ca,  Fas' da  digi- 
ta'lis,  Gauntlet;  from  (F.)  gnnt,  'a  glove.'  A 
sort  of  bandage  which  envelops  the  hand  and 
fingers  like  a  glove.  It  is  made  with  a  long 
roller,  about  an  inch  broad:  and  is  applied  so  j 
that  the  fingers  are  covered  to  their  tips,  when 
ir  is  called  Gantelet  eutier  ou  complet.  The  Demi- 
gantelet  includes  only  the  hand  and  base  of  the 
fingers.  Both  bandages  are  used  in  fractures  and 
luxations  of  the  fingers,  burns  of  the  hand,  &c. 
See  Chirotheca. 

GANTS  DES  LAMES,  Condom—?,  de  Notre 
Dame,  Digitalis. 

GAOL  CACHEXIA,  see  Cachexia,  gaol. 

GAPING,  Yawning. 

GARANCE,  Rubia. 

GARCIN'IA  CAMBO'GIA,  G.  seu  Cambogia 
gutta.    Mangosta'na    Cambogia.      Ord.   Guttifene. 


The  term  eolluto'rium  or  collutorium  oris  is  ge- 
nerally- restricted  to  a  wash  for  the  mouth. 

GARGET.  Phvtolacca  decandra. 

GARGLE.  Gargarism. 

GARGLING,  see  Gargarism. 

GA  R  G  0  UIL  L  EMEN  T,  Borborygmus,  G  ur- 
glinu;.      See  Rale  mnqueux. 

GARLIC,  Allium  — g.  Hedge,  Alliaria  — g. 
Meadow.  Allium  Canadense. 

GARLOCK.  Sinapis  arvensis. 

GAROSMUM,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GAROU  BARK,  Daphne  gnidium. 

GARRETUM,  Poples. 

GARROPHYLLTTS,  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GARROT  (F.),  garrot,  from  garotter,  'to  tie 
fast.'  A  compressing  bandage,  tightened  by 
twisting  a  small  cylinder  of  wood,  by  which  the 
arteries  of  a  limb  are  compressed,  for  the  purpose 
of  suspending  the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage, aneurism,  amputation,  <fcc. 

GARROTILLO,  Cynanche  maligna. 

GARRULITAS.  Loquacity. 

GARU'LEUM  BIPINNA'TUM.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Ord.  Composite;  known  under  the 
name  Snakeroot,  from  its  reputed  effects  as  an 
antidote  to  the  bites  of  venomous  serpents.  The 
root  is  a  great  favourite  with  the  Boers  in   chest 


A  tree  of  Ceylon,  Fam ily.  Guttiferaj,  which  affords     diseases — as  asthma — and  in  affections  in  which 


a  concrete  juice  similar  to  Gamboge. 

Gvrcixia  Gptta,  G.  Cambogia. 

GvRCTN'iA  MAXGOSTA'yA,  Mangosta'na  Gar- 
cin'ia. from  Garcin,  who  accurately  described  it. 
Tbe  -ystematic  name  of  the  Jfaugostan',  Man- 
guustan',  Jfangostine'   or  Mangosteen'   tree,   Jfun- 


free  secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  bronchia  is  indicated.  It  has  diaphoretic 
properties,  and  acts  as  a  diuretic  in  gout  and 
dropsy.  It  is  given  in  decoction  or  tincture.  Dr. 
Pappe  thinks  the  root  ought  to  have  a  place  in 
the  Materia  Medica. 


G  A  H  0  M 


415 


GASTRITIS 


GARUM.   yapov,    Li'cuI'men,    Liqna'men.     The 
ancient    Romans  gave   this   name  to  ■  kind  of 
pickle  made  bj  collecting  the  liquor  which  flowed 
ind  balf-potrefied  fish.     It  was  used 
iiment — The  Oeoponie*,  Hamell 
is,  Martial,  Ac 
GARVANCE,  Cicer  arietinum. 

i  •  —  j.    Immoniacale,  Ammonia  — 
p.  Animale  sanguinis,  Gas  sanguinis— g.Asnticum, 
im  oxygenatum,  Nitrogen,  ga- 
side  of — g.  Hepaticum,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted—  g.   Hydrogenium  sulpburetum,  Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted — g.   Intoxicating,  Nitrogen, 
a  oxide  of — g.  Laughing,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of  — g.  of  the  Lungs,  Gas,  pulmonary— -g. 
Nitrous,  dephlogistioated,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide 
of — Lr.  1  muriatic  acid,  Chlorine  —  g. 

Oxymuriatio  acid,  Chlorine— g.  Palustre,  Miasm. 
marsh — g.  Paradise,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of 
— g.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid. 
GASCARILLA,  Croton  easearilla. 
GASPING,  Anhelatio. 

GAS  T  E  I  N,  M  I  X  E  R  A  L  WATER?  0  F. 
n.-r  Wildbad  is  in  the  Noric 
Alps,  Austria.  The  waters  are  thermal.  Temp. 
1M°  to  118°  Pah.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  potassium, 
parbonate  <>t"  soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia, 
manganese,  iron,  Ac. 

GASTER,  yavrnp.  The  abdomen.  At  time?, 
but  rarely,  the  uterus.  Also,  the  stomach,  in 
particular  ;  Henee  : 

G  \STi:n  VLG1  V.  Gastralgia. 
i;  tSTERANAX,  from  yaarrjp,  'the  abdomen,' 
and  ava%,  'a  king.'  A  name  given  by  Dolaeus  to 
a  hypothetical  vital  principle,  corresponding  to 
the  ArchsBus  of  Van  Helmont,  the  seat  of  which 
he  placed  in  the  lower  belly.     See  Bithnimalca. 

G  VSTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

G  tSTER  VNGTEMPHRAXTS,  Gasterangem- 


P* 


rax' it,   fin -i 


"'I 


hrax'it.     Ohstruction  of  the 


pylorus;   from  yaarrip.  'stomach,'  oy^w,  'I  stran 
gh>,'  and  £/j'>oj<Tcra).  •  I   obstruct.' — Vogel.     Also. 
nn  1    properly,  obstruction  or  congestion  of  the 
mach. 
0  i  STERASE.  Pepsin. 

<;  ^STERASTHENrA./m&eciK'iVatgenA'foa'ta 

scu  Lex'itaa  ventric'vli  j  from  yavrnp,  'stomach,' 

and  toBtvua,  'debility.'    Debility  of  the  stomach. 

GASTER  ATAXIA,  Embarra*  gattrique. 

(,  VSTERECHE'MA,    Gattreche'ma,    Son'ihu 

'.(■Hi ;    from    yuarrip,  'the    stomach,'    and 

ri^fin,  'sound.'     Sound  heard  on  auscultating  ot 

sing  the  region  of  the  stomach,  and  referred 

to  that  organ. 

1  1 .  R  E  M  P  II  R  A  X  I S ,     Gasterangiem- 
phra 

G  \< TK I!  HYSTEROTOMY.  Cesarean  section. 
GASTRJS'MIA,    from    yannr,u    'the    stomach, 

nn  1  'aiftn,  '  bl 1.'     Hyperemia  of  the  stomach. 

<;  \-  '  R  \J.<;i  A,  Cardialgia. 

G  \-  I  R  ^NEURYSMA,  Gastrectasis. 

GASTRATROPH'IA,  from    yarrnp,  'the  sto- 
ma   h.'   and   arporpia,   'wasting.'      Atrophy   of  the 

i  >h. 

RECHEM  \.  Gasterechema, 

GASTRECTASIS,    Qattrecta'sia,    Gatfraneu- 

rgn'ma,  Oilatn'tin  ventric*nli:  from  yaarr.p,  'the 

Stomach,'    and    cktjois,    'dilatation.'      Dilatation 

of  the  itomaeh. 

<5  ^STRELCOBROSIS,  G  istrobrosis  ulcerosa 

G  ^STRELCO'SIS,  Ufcern'tio  ten  Exulcera'tio 

'«/»*,  from  y  iTTi]n,  '  the  stomach,' 

and  '<\k  ,.tIs-.  ' ulceration. '  Ulc<  ration  of  the  sto- 
mach.  Wiicn  accompanied  with  hectic,  it  con- 
stitute Qantmphthi'tit,  Qtutroph'tl 

GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  Sec- 
tion. 


GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,      I  elo'nta, 

Gottromgeto'ti*,  Gattroineephalo'ti*/  from  yaarrjp, 
mach,'  and  cyxtipaXus,  'the  brain.'  Bn- 
oephaloid  of  the  stomach. 

GASTRENCHYTA,  Stomach  pump. 

GASTRENTERIC,  Gastroentericue. 

G  VSTRENTERITIC,  Gastroenteritie. 

GASTRENTEROMAL  WIA.  Gartrenteroma- 
In.r'lf.  from  yaanio,  'stomach.'  streps*   'intestine,' 

and  /jdX'iKtu,  'softening.'  Softening  of  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

Q  \>Ti:i:i'.\T'  .hepatic. 

(!  ^STREPATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  rcntriv'nlt 
it  kep'atia  :  from  ymrrnp,  '  stomaeh,'  and  'nrapt 
'liver.'      Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  liver. 

G  ISTREPIPLOICUS,  Gastroepiploic. 

G  \  s  r  K  i:  l:  i:  T  II  1  S'  I  a  :  from  yaarnp,  'sto- 
mach,1 and  cptOifa,  'I  irritate.'  Irritation  of  th& 
stomach. 

GASTRIC,  Gax'trirun  ;  from  yaarrjp,  'the  sto- 
mach.'     Belonging  or  relating  to  the  stomach. 

Gastric  Ar'tbries  are  three  in  number,  .!  - 
te'riti  gattro-epiplo'ica  dexira,  A.  gattm-epiploi' • 
ca  ftinfVfra,  and  A.  corona'ria  vtntri'culi. 

Gastric  Jdice,  Succtu  gatftrrcu*,  3fen'atruutn 

sen    F<  rmcut'  inn     \'i  nlili' nil,    (F.)    Sue    (r'nxtrlij  iii  , 

Qat&ric  Acid.    A  fluid,  secreted  from  the  mucous 

membrane  of  the  stomach.  As  met  with,  it  is  a 
mixture  of  the  fluids  secreted  by  that  organ  with 
those  of  the  Bupra-diaphragmatio  portion  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Owing  to  such  admixture,  the 
most  contrary  properties  have  been  assigned  to 
it.  That  such  a  fluid  is  secreted,  which  concurs 
powerfully  in  digestion,  is  evident  from  many 
considerations,  and  has  been  positively  proved 
I  by  the  author  and  numerous  others.  It  was  found 
by  him  to  contain,  in  man  chlorohydric  and  acetic 
acids.  The  gastric  fluid  in  cases  of  sudden  death 
sometimes  corrodes  and  perforates  the  stomach  ; 
;  giving  rise  to  interesting  questions  in  medical 
jurisprudence. 

Gastric  Nerves.     The  two  cords   by  which 

the  pneumogastric  nerves  terminate,  and  which 

descend  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  stomaeh  ;  as 

|  well  as  the  filaments  of  the  great  sympathetic, 

which  accompany  the  gastric  vessels. 

Gastric  Plexos,  Plexus  corona' riu$  •entric1- 

I  vli.      A  nervous  net-work,  formed  by  the  solar 

plexus.     It    accompanies    the  Arteria  coronaria 

ventriculi,  and  passes  along  the  lesser  curvature 

of  the  stomach,  to  which  it  gives  branches. 

Gastric  Ykins  follow  the  same  distribution  as 
thearteries.and  open  into  the  Venaporta  abdominal. 

GAS'TRICISM,     (inshi'in'iuiiH,    from     yaarrjp, 

'the  stomach.'     A  name  by  which  is  designate   I 

the  medical  theory,  that  refers  all,  or  almost  all, 

-   to  nn  accumulation  of  saburrae    in    the 

digestive  passages. 

QASTRTCITE',  Embarrat  gaetrique. 

GASTRILOQUE,  Engastrimyth. 

G  ^STRILOQUIST,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTKILOQUUS,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRIMARGUS,  (Mutton. 

GASTRINUM,  Potash. 

G  ^STRISMUS,  Gluttony,  see  Saburra. 

GASTRIT'IC,  (I'ltxtrii'ltit*  ;  same  etymon  as 
the  rest     Relating  to  gastritis. 

GA8TRFTI8,  from  y„nrrjp,  'the  stomaeh,' and 
iris,  denoting  inflammation.  Ventric'uli  inflam- 
ma'tio,  Cauma  sen  Empret'nta  sen  Cardial' gi a 
inflammato'ria,  Febris  ttoneuth'iea  injlammato'ria, 

fiifliiiniii't'/in  (/tixti-itin,  I.    vrntrii'  nil  sell  xloin'm  h  I, 

Pnlecfmane  ventric'uli,  Inflammation  <•/  tin-  «<■<- 
mach,  (P.)  Inflammation  de  I'Ettomac,  Gaitritc, 
Catarrhe  gaetrique.     A  disease,  characterized  by 

pyrexia:  great  anxiety:  beat  and  pain  in  the 
epigastrium,  increased  by  taking  any  thing  into 

|l  the    stomach  ;    vomiting    and    hiccup.      Gastritis 
may  either  he  seated  iu  the  peritoneal  or  iuucouj 


gas t no 


410 


GASTROMALAXIA 


coat.  Tt  is  most  frequently  in  the  latter  —  Eso- 
gaatri'ti*,  Endoyastri'tis,  Gastromyooderi'tis,  Gas- 
tritis muco'sa —  being  excited  directly  by  acrid 
ingesta.  It  requires  the  most  active  treatment; 
— bleeding,  blistering,  fomentations,  diluents,  &c. 
Some  degree  of  inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat 
of  the  stomach  was  considered  by  the  followers 
of  Broussais  to  be  present  in  almost  all  fevers  ; 
and  the  various  forms  of  dyspepsia  have  been 
supposed  by  some  to  be  nothing  more  than  chronic 
endogastri'tis. 

Gastritis  Arthritica,  Coeliagra. 

GASTRO,  from  ya<rr>?p,  'stomach.'  In  compo- 
sition, relating  or  appertaining  to  the  stomach, 
or  belly. 

GASTRO-ARTHRITIS,  Gout  — g.  Ataxia, 
Dyspepsia — g.  Atonia,  D}rspepsia — g.  Bronchitis, 
Fever,  adenotneningeal  —  g.  Enterite  intense,  Sy- 
nocha — g.  Entente,  with  nervous  affection  of  the 
brain,  see  Typhus — g.  Enteritis,  follicular,  Dothin- 
enteritis ;  see  Typhus. 

GASTROBRO'SIS,  Perfora'tio  ventric'uli, 
Gastrorrhex'is,  (F.)  Perforation  de  V Estomac ; 
from  gastro,  and  Spuxjig,  '  the  act  of  gnawing.' 
Corrosion  and  perforation  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrobro'sis  Ulcero'sa,  Gastrelcobro'sis. 
Destruction  and  perforation  of  the  coats  of  the 
stomach  by  ulceration. 

GASTROCE'LE,  from  gastro,  and  Kr)Xrj,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  stomach,  Hernia  ventric'- 
uli, (F.)  Hernie  de  I' Estomac.  Hernia  formed  by 
the  stomach  through  the  upper  part  of  the  linea 
alba  :  a  disease,  the  existence  of  which  has  been 
doubted  by  many.     See  Epigastrocele. 

GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS:  from  gastro,  Ke^aXn, 
'head,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  and  head, — a  not  uncom- 
mon concomitant  of  certain  malignant  fevers. 

GASTROCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROCNEME,  Sura. 

GASTROCNEMIA,  Sura. 

GASTROCNE'MII,  from  gastro,  and  Kvnpv, 
'the  leg.'  The  name  of  the  two  fleshy  masses 
which  occupy  the  posterior  and  superficial  part 
of  the  leg,  Gemelli ;  (F.)  Gastrocnemiens,  Ju- 
meaux  de  la  jambe,  Bifemoro-calcaniens — (Cb.  ;) 
the  two  constituting  the  Gastrocnemius  exter'nus, 
of  English  anatomists.  These  muscles  are  dis- 
tinguished into  internal  and  external,  which  are 
distinct  above,  but  united  at  their  inferior  ex- 
tremity. They  are  long,  flat,  and  thick ;  and 
arise — the  former  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
outer  condyle  of  the  femur;  the  latter,  from  the 
pasterior  part  of  the  inner  condyle  of  the  same 
bone.  The  aponeurosis,  which  unites  these 
muscles  below,  joins  with  that  of  the  Solaris,  and 
forms  with  it,  a  large  tendon,  which,  under  the 
name  Ten  do  Achillis,  is  inserted  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  calcaneum.  These  muscles  extend 
the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  the  leg  on  the  foot.  They 
can,  also,  bend  the  leg  and  the  thigh  reciprocally 
on  each  other.  For  the  Gastrocnemius-  interims, 
see  Soleus. 

GASTROCNEMIUS!,  Sura. 

GASTROC(ELIACUS,  Cceliac. 

GASTROCCELICUS,  Cceliac. 

GASTROCOLIC,  see  Epiploon,  gastrocolic. 

GASTROCOLICA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTROCOLI'TIS,  from  gastro,  and  irwXov, 
'colon.'     Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  colon. 

GASTROCOLPOTOMIA,  see  Caesarean  sec- 
tion. 

GASTRODID'YMUS,  Gastrod'ymus,  Did'ymus 
Symphyogas'truis,  Psod'ymus ;  from  gastro  and 
ciSivuog,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins 
are  united  bv  the  abdomen. 

GASTRODUODE'NAL,  Gastroduodena'lis ; 
from  gastro,  and  duodenum.  Relating  to  the 
stomach  and  duodenum. 


G  ASTRO-DUODENITIS,  (F.)  Gastro-duodi- 
nite.  Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
an  affection,  which  figured  largely  in  the  system 
of  Broussais.     See  Gastro-enteritis. 

GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

GASTRODYNE,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRODYNIA,  Cardialgia'— g.  Flatulenta, 
Colica  flatulenta. 

GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  sec- 
tion. 

G  ASTRO-'ENTERAL'GIA.from  gastro,  tvrepov, 
'intestine,' and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTROENTERIC,  Gastroenter'icus,  Gas- 
trenter'ic,  Gastrenter'icus,  Gastro-intes'tinfd,  from 
yastro,  and  tvrcpov,  '  intestine.'  Relating  to  the 
stomach  and  intestine. 

GASTROENTEKITE,  Gastroenteritis. 

G  A  S  T  R  0  E  N  T  E  R  I  T'l  C,  Gastroenteric icus, 
Gastrenterit'ic,  Gastrenterit'icus ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next.     Relating  to  gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERITIS.  Inflammatio  ventric'- 
uli et  Intestino'rnm,  (F.)  Gasiro-enterite,  Gastro- 
enter'ic  disease,  from  gastro,  tvrepov,  '  an  intes- 
tine,' and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  small  intestine. 
According  to  Broussais,  the  essential  fevers  of 
authors  are  gastro-enteritis,  simple,  or  compli- 
cated. 

GASTROEPIPLOIC,  Gastro-epiplo'icus,  Gas- 
trepiplo'icns,  from  gastro  and  eimrXoov,  'the  epip- 
loon.' That  which  relates  to  the  stomach  and 
epiploon. 

Gastroepiploic  Arteries,  Gastric  inferior 
arteries,  are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished 
into  right  and  left.  The  right,  also  called  Gastro- 
hepat'ic,  Gas'trica  infe'rior  dextra,  Gastro-epip- 
lo'ica  dextra,  is  furnished  by  the  hepatic  artery. 
It  descends  behind  the  pylorus,  and  passes  from 
right  to  left,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach.  It  gives  branches  to  the  pancreas, 
duodenum,  stomach,  omentum  majus,  and  termi- 
nates by  anastomosing  with  the  Gastro-epiplo'ioi 
sinis'tra,  Gas'trica  sinis'tra  seu  infe'rior  sinis'tra. 
This  —  the  left  —  arises  from  the  splenic  artery. 
It  is  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  passes  from 
left  to  right,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach,  distributing  its  branches  more  particu- 
larly to  the  stomach  and  omentum  majus.  It 
terminates  by  joining  the  right  gastro-epiploic. 

Gastroepiploic  Ganglions  are  the  lymphatic 
ganglions  or  glands,  situate  towards  the  great 
curvature  of  the  stomach,  between  the  two  ante- 
rior laminae  of  the  omentum  majus. 

Gastroepiploic  Veins  are  distinguished,  like 
the  arteries,  into  right  and  left.  They  empty 
themselves;  —  the  former,  into  the  superior  me- 
senteric :  the  latter,  into  the  splenic  vein. 

GASTROH.EMORRHAGIA,  Hsematemesis. 

GASTROHEPAT'IC,  Gastio-hepat'icus,  Hep'- 
ato-gas'tricus,  Gastrepat'icus ;  from  gastro,  and 
'n-rrap,  v^arog,  '  the  liver.'  Relating  to  the  stomach 
and  liver.  This  name  has  been  given  to  several 
organs.     See  Epiploon,  srastrohepatic,  &c. 

GASTRO  HEPATITIS.  Simultaneous  inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  and  liver. 

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY.  Caesarean  section. 

G ASTRO-INTESTINAL,  Gastroenteric. 

GASTROLIENALIS,  Gastrosplenicus. 

GASTROLITHI'ASIS,  from  gastro,  and  X,0<„- 
aiq,  'formation  of  stone.'  The  formation  of  con- 
cretions, gastrol'ithi,  in  the  stomach. 

GASTROMALACIA,  Gastromalaxia. 

GASTROMALAX'IA,  Gastro-mala'cia,  Gas- 
tromalaeo'sis,  Malacogas'ter,  3/alax'is  veiitric'n/i, 
Dissoln'tio  ventric'uli,  Emollit''io  ventric'uli, 
Pseudojjhlogo'sis  ventric'uli    resoluti'va    et    colli- 


T  R  0  M  A  N  T  I  S 


■1  ; 


GAZ 


quati'oa,   Metamorpho'ri*   ventric'uli  gelatinifur* r- 

viix.    /-'  -rlr'nH, 

Ho  >  t  diabro'eie  ventric'uli,  ( P. 
tut nt   Jr    FErtomae,    from    gaetro,    and     paA«£t(, 
Ding  of  tli<-  stomach,  induced 
at  times  by  the  gastria  -  ifter  death, — 

ll       i  'tio  r.  ntrir'ii/i  autopep'tiea. 

GAS  rROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 

(i  ISTROM'ELBS,  from  ^ascro,  and  /u>o?,  'a 
limb.'  A  mooster  with  one  or  mure  supernume- 
rarv  limbs  on  the  abdomen. 

STROME'NIA,  from  gaetra,  ami  aw,  'a 
month.'  Vicarious  menstruation  from  the  sto- 
mach. 

QASTRO  MENINGITIS,  Fever,  gastric 

GAS  rROME  rROTOMIA,  Caesareau  section. 

G  \-  rROMYCODERIS,  see  Stomach. 

GASTROMYCODERITIS,  see  Gastritis. 

GASTROMYELOMA,  Gastroencephaloma. 

<i  IS  rRONOSUS,  Gastropathy. 

GASTROP  \  K  A  1/YS1S.  Gaetrople'gia,  Paral'- 
ynis  ventric'uli  ;  from  gattro,  and  -apa\vati, 
'paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  stomach*. 

(i.V-l  ROP'ATHY,     Gaetropathi'a,     Gaetron'- 
o*u*.  Qattronu'eue,   from  gaetro,  and  waBog,  '  dis- 
:'  the  stomach. 

GASTROPERIODYN'IA  j  Sool  (India.)  A 
violent  periodical  neuralgic  pain  at  the  pit  of  the 
Btomacb,  not  uncommon  in  Hindoos  tan. 

GASTROPHREN'IC,  Guetro-phren'icue,  from 
.   and  peeves,   'the  diaphragm.'     lielonging 
to  the  stomach  and  diaphragm. 

GASTROPHRENIC  Li<;amknt  is  a  reflection  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  descends  from  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm  to  the  cardia. 

(i  ^STROPH  1  II  ISIS.  Gastreloosis. 

-  rROPHTHOE,  Gastr< 
GASTROPLEGIA,  Gastroparalyste. 
GAS!  ROPT  RA,  Pever,  gastric. 
OASi  ROPYRETUS,  Fever,  ■.'astric. 

GAS1  ROR'APHY,  GaHrorrha'phia,  Gaetror'- 
,    Sutii'ra   abdomina'li*,  from   goatro,   nnd 
pua}*,    '  The    suture    used    for    uniting 

wounds  penetrating  the  abdomen,  when  they  are 
too  extensive  or  too  unequal  to  be  kept  in  contact 
by  position,  adhesive  placer,  or  appropriate  ban- 
interrupted  ami  quilled  sutures  are 
those  chiefly  employed. 

GASTRORRHAGIA,  Hajmatemesis. 
GASTRORRHEXIS,  Gastrobr 

3  rRORRHGS'A,  from  gaatro,  and  pcu,  'I 
flow.'  Bfennorrhce'a  seu  F/uxua  ventric'uli,  (F.) 
/Vii.r  muqueux  de  /'<-/<  nac,  Catarrhe  stomacal. 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  stomach,  which  con- 
sists in  .ii  of  an  excessive  quantity  of 
maoni  from  tiie  lining  membrane. 
flux. 

I  ROSCIR'RHUS,    Tndurn'tio    ventric'uli 
vtirrho'ta,    Scirrhut   Beu    eareino'ma    ventric'uli. 
Scirrhous  induration  .,r  cancer  ot  tin'  stomach. 
6ASTR0SC0PIA,  Abdominoscopia, 
:  I  RO'S  ES,     A  generic  name  for  d 
which  are  seated  in  t'.,-  stomach.— Alibert. 

-  I  ROSPLE'NIC,  '  itcBt,  Gattro- 
i'»,    from    gaatro,    an  1    tm\nvf    'the    - 

stomach  and  sple  mi. 

-  I  ROSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  stomach. 

GaJTROSTBHOSU      CARDl'ACA      et      PtLOR'K    \: 

from  ijuxti',,  mid  cTivoi,  'narrow.'     Narrowness 

of  th.-  |  ,,\  ,,  ri,.  orifices  of  the  St 

from  oanoer  of  thai  organ. 

1  ROT'OMY,  from  gaatro,  and  m/in,  'inci- 
sion.'    Se\  eral  difTerenl  operations  I 
called.     1.    I  .u  Section.     '2.  An  Inci- 

sian  made  into  the  abdomen  for  the  pur] 
removing  some  internal  strangulation  or  volvu- 
lus, or  !■.  reduce  hernia,   Laparotomy:  and,   ."',. 
The  opt  tnach,  tu  remove  a 


body  which  has  passed  into   it  through 
the  oesophagus. 

GASTRYPERNEU'RLA,    from   oaatrt*,   \%y, 

•above,'    and    VtUfUV,     'a     mrve.'       Mori. idly    in- 
i  activity  of  the  nerves  of  the  stomach. 

G  t  /'/.' AD  FEBRILE,  Ague  cake. 

GA  77.'/  A'  P.  .  teomgdter,  'to  spoil.'  A  name 
given,  in  the  insane  hospitals,  and  in  the  hospi- 
tals for  incurables  and  the  aged,  in  Franoe,  lo 
persona  who  are  incapable  of  attending  to  them- 
selves, and  have  lo.-t  all  sense  of  elcanlin 

GATHERING,  ippuration. 

QA  TTILIER,  Vitex. 

GAUDIA  FCEDA,  Masturbation. 

GAULTHE'RIA,  Gamlthe'ria  sen  GualtWrin 
procum'bi iim,  Gautie'ra  repent,  Mountain  Te**, 
Partridge  Berry,  /!<rrii<l  Tea,  Groneeberry,  I 
berry,  Spice  berry,  Tea  berry,  Red  berry,  Winter- 
green,  Red  berry  Tea,  Ground  berry,  Ground  iry, 
Ground  holly,  Hill  hern/.  Box  berry,  Chequt-r 
.berry,  (F.)  Udultherie,  Palommier,  The"  (in  ('■/- 
iKidd,  called  after  Dr.  Gaulthier,  of  Quebec  Oi  ■'. 
Ericaceae.  An  American  plant,  which  is  one  of 
the  principal  articles  of  the  materia  medica  <  f 
some  Indian  tribes.  The  infusion  of  the  leavrs 
is  stimulant  and  anodyne,  and  is  said  to  have 
been  used,  with  advantage,  in  asthma.  The  oil 
—  Oleum  Gaultheriet,  Ph.  U.  S., — is  used,  chiefly 
on  account  of  its  pleasant  flavour,  to  cover  tLfj 
taste  of  other  medicines. 

GAUNTLET,  Qantelet. 

GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  China. 

GADTIERA  REPENS,  Gaultheria, 

GAY  PEATHER,  Liatris  spicata. 

G -1  TA  C,  Guaiacum. 

GAYLUS8ACIA  RESINO'SA,  Vaecin'ium  rr- 
eino'eum,  Black  Huckleberry.  Order,  Ericaceae, 
(called  after  the  chemist,  Gay-Ltueae.)  An  indi- 
genous plant,  whose  fruit  is  sweet  and  agreeable. 
The  leaves  and  root,  as  well  as  those  of  <!  wit  -- 
bacia  Dumo'sa,  Dwarf  huckleberry,  and  of  <i. 
Frondo'sa,  Blue  tangle,  indigenous,  are  used  in 
decoction  as  astringents  in  diarrhoea,  sore  throat. 
&c. 

GAZ,  'A'*,  Air.  Van  Helmont  first  designated 
by  this  name,  —  the  etymology  of  which  is  un- 
known.—  the  carbonic  acid  developed  in  the  vi- 
nous fermentation.  Afterwards,  the  term  was 
appropriated  to  every  permanently  elastic  fluid  ; 
that  is,  which  preserves  its  aeriform  state 

temperatures:  and  ultimately  it  was  extended  :•) 
all  aeriform  bodies;  —  which  were  divided  into 
permanent  and  non-permanent  ganet.  The  latter 
are  generally  termed  vapours:  —  they  return  to 
the  liquid  State,  when  a  portion  of  their  caloric  \i 
abstracted.  The  permanent  gazes,  or  grazes  pro- 
perly so  called,  arc  numerous,  and  may  be  di- 
vided into  three  sections  with  regard  to  their 
effects  on  the  animal  economy. 


1.    IrreapirabU 

>tiv<  I, j  dele- 
terious gat 

."..    I ',,*iti Vi  Ii/    </■  Ii  - 

ti  rioua  </«zc«. 


f  Carbonic  acid,  ammoniacal 

Igasjchlorohydrie  a<  . 
deutoxide  of  azote,  nitroi  i 
acid  gaz,  and  chlorine. 

j    Hydrogen,  azote. 

|    I  Izygen,  protoxide  of  azote, 
earburetted  bydrogen,cai  - 

Ibonic  oxide,  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  and  arseniuret- 
tetl  hydrogen. 


It  is  proper  to  remark  that  the  ti  tin  rtapirobU 
has  been  very  differently  employed  by  d 
writers.  Sometimes  it  has  meant  the  power  of 
supporting  life  when  applied  to  the  blood  in  tho 
Iuhl:-.  At  others,  all  gazes  have  been  deemed 
|  irre.-pirable,  which  are  incapable   of  being  iutro- 


GAZ  DES  BALLOXS 


418 


GENERATIO 


rluced  into  the  lungs,  by  voluntary  efforts, — with- 
out any  relation  to  their  power  of  maintaining 
vitality  ;  and  this  is  perhaps  the  best  sense.  The 
gazes  were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  medicine, 
under  great  expectations, — especially  by  the  en- 
thusiastic Beddoes ;  but  they  are  now  scarcely 
ever  had  recourse  to.  They  differ,  considerably, 
in  their  effects  on  the  animal  economy.  Some, 
as  oxygen,  are  exciting;  others,  as  azote,  de- 
pressing; whilst  others,  again,  as  the  Protoxide 
of  azote  or  laughing  gas,  produce  the  most  sin- 
gular effects. 

GAZ  DES  BALLONS,  Hydrogen. 
Gaz,  Pi;l'monary,  Gaz  of  the  lungs.     A  name 
gived  to  the  expired  air;  which  contains — besides 
common  air,  an  increase  of  carbonic  acid,  water, 
and  some  animal  matter. 

Gaz  Sang'uinis,  Gaz  anima'le  san'guinis,  HaV- 
itus    seu    Aura   seu    Vapor    san'guinis,    Spir'itus 
rorif'erus,   Hcp.mat'mus.     The  halitus,  or  vapour, 
given  off  by  freshly-drawn  blood. 
GAZEL,  Ribes  nigrum. 
GAZELLE,  Antilopus. 
GEANT,  Giant. 
GEANTISME,  see  Giant. 
GEBARPULVER,  Ergot. 
GEDE'OLA.     The  convex  part  of  the  liver.— 
Du  Cange. 

GEILNAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Geil- 
nau  is  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Nassau,  at 
no  great  distance  from  Frankfort.  The  waters 
contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate,  sulphate,  and 
phosphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate 
of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

GEISMAR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  of  Geismar,  in  Bavaria,  are  aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 

GEISUM,  yaaov,  Geison.  The  part  of  the 
frontal  bone  over  the  eyes. 

GELAPPIUM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
GELASINI  DENTES,  Incisive  teeth. 
GELASMUS.  Canine  laugh. 
GELATIG"ENOUS.      A    hybrid    term,    from 
gelatin,  and  yevw  or  yzvvuu,  'to  engender.'     That 
which  forms  gelatinous  structure.     Dr.  Carpenter 
restricts  the  term  to  substances  yielding  gelatin. 
The  propriety  of  this  may  well  be  questioned. 

GEL'ATIN,  Gel'atine,  Gelat'ina,  Galreda,  (F.) 
Gelatine,  from  (F.)  Gelee,  'gelly  or  jelly.'  From 
(L.)  Gela,  'ice.'  An  immediate  animal  principle. 
It  is  semitransparent,  insipid,  inodorous,  inso- 
luble in  cold  water,  very  soluble  in  hot,  which  it 
thickens,  and  transforms  into  jelly  on  cooling. 
Gelatin  is  a  nutritious  substance;  and,  when 
dissolved  in  a  considerable  quantity  of  water, 
forms  an  emollient  fluid,  much  used  in  therapeu- 
tics, but  not  the  most  easy  of  digestion.  Two 
forms  of  gelatin  are  admitted  —  the  one  glutin  or 
gelatin  proper:  the  other  choudrin. 

Gelatin  op  Wharton,  Gelat'ina  Whartonia'na, 
Jelly  of  the  Cord.  A  soft,  dense,  fluid,  gelatinous 
substance,  which  envelops  the  umbilical  cord,  and 
is  conceived,  by  some,  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  foetus. 

GELATINA  AQUATICA,  Brasenia  hydro- 
peltis. 

GELATINE  DES  CARTILAGES,  Chondrin. 
GELATINIFORM   MATTER   OF  THE   IN- 
TESTINE, Albuminose. 

GELAT'INOUS.  Gelatino'sns,  (F.)  Gelatineux. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to^  or  having  the  cha- 
racter or  appearance  of  gelatin  or  jelly.     Viscid. 
Gelatinous  Nerve-fibre,  see  Nerve  fibres. 
GKLATIO,  Congelation. 
GELDING,  Castration. 

GELEE,  Gelly  —  g.  c  nine  le  Goitre,  Balsam, 
iodurctted. 


GELLY,  Jelly,  Jus  gela' turn  seu  coagula'tum, 
Gela,  (F.)  Gelee.  Same  etymon.  A  substance 
of  a  soft  consistence,  tremulous,  and  transparent, 
which  is  obtained,  by  an  appropriate  treatment, 
from  animal  and  vegetable  matters:  hence  the 
distinction  into  animal  and  vegetable  jelly.  The 
former  is  merely  a  concentrated  solution  of  gela- 
tin, left  to  cool. 

Vegetable  Jelly  is  found  in  the  juice  of  the  cur- 
rant, mulberry,  and  of  almost  all  acid  fruits,  when 
ripe.  It  is  of  itself  colourless,  but  almost  always 
retains  a  little  colouring  matter  of  the  fruit  which 
has  furnished  it.  It  has  an  agreeable  taste  ;  is 
scarcely  soluble  in  cold  water,  but  boiling  water 
dissolves  it  readily  :  the  jelly  is,  however,  almost 
all  deposited  on  cooling.  If  this  aqueous  solution 
be  boiled  for  a  long  time,  it  becomes  analogous 
to  mucilage,  and  loses  the  property  of  being  jel- 
lied on  cooling. 

GELSEM'INUM  NIT'IDUM.  G.  Sempervi'- 
reus,  Bigno'nia  sempervirens,  Yellow  Jes'samine. 
The  flowers,  root,  &c,  of  this  shrub  of  the  South- 
ern States,  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Apocynea?,  are  narcotic,  and  the  effluvia 
from  the  former  are  said  sometimes  to  induce 
stupor. 

GELU,  Gelly. 
GELUS,  Risus. 

GEMELLI,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-trochanteri- 
jftius,  Testicles.  . 

GEMEL'LUS,  Gem'inus,  'a  twin,'  Did'ymtis, 
(F.)  Jnmeau,  Jumelle,  Benson,  Bessonne.  One  of 
two  children,  twins,  born  at  the  same  accouche- 
ment, or  gestation.  Also,  relating  to  twins,  as 
'a  twin  conception.' 

Gemellus  Mus'culus.  Cowper  applies  this 
name  to  the  long  portion  of  the  triceps  brachialis 
united  to  the  inner  portion. 

GEMINI,  Isehio-trochanterianus,  Testicles. 
GEMINUM  CENTRUM  SEMICIRCULARE, 
Taenia  semicircularis. 
GEMINUS,  Gemellus. 
GEMIPOMA,  Mamma. 
GEMISSEMENT,  see  Moaning. 
GEMMA,  Granulation — g.  Oculi,  Crystalline. 
GEMMATION,  see  Generation. 
Gemmation,  Generation  by,  see  Generation. 
GEMMIPARITE,  see  Generation. 
GEMMIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 
GEMUR'SA,  a  corn;   also  a  name   given   by 
the  ancients  to  a  disease  seated  between  the  toes  ; 
— the  nature  of  which  is  unknown  to  us. 

GEN,  Gen'esis,  'generation,'  from  yevvaw,  'I 
make.'     Hence  Hydror/e/i,  Osteoc/eny,  Ac. 

GENA.      The  Cheek,  Genys,  Parei'a,    Grnnphe, 
Gamphe'le,Gnathos.  Gnathmus,  Mala,  (Sc.)  Wotige, 
(F.)  Joite.     The  cheeks  form  the  lateral  parts  of 
the   mouth.     Externally,   they   have    no    precise 
limits  :  they  are  continuous,  above,  with  the  lower 
eyelid;  below,  they  descend  as  far  as  the  base  of 
the  jaw;  before,  they  terminate  at  the  alas   nasi, 
and  at  the  commissures  of  the  lips:  and  behind, 
at  the  ear.     Their  thickness  varies,  according  to 
the   degree   of  fatness  of  the  individual.     They 
are  formed  of  three  layers:  —  one  dermoid,  ano- 
ther muscular,  and  the  third  mucous. 
GENCIVES,  Gingivae. 
GENEANTHROPY,  Anthropogenia. 
GENEI'AS,  Lanu'go  prima,  Probar'bium.   The 
downy  hairs,  which  first  cover  the  cheek.     Also, 
a  bandage  which  passes  under  the  chin. 
GENEION,  Beard.  Mentum. 
GENERAL    ANATOMY,    see   Anatomy  —  g. 
Practitioner,  Surgeon-apothecary. 
GENERALE,  Influenza. 

GENERATIO,  Generation  — g.  ^quirocn,  seo 
Generation  —  g.  Calculi,  Lithia  —  g.  Homogenea, 


GENERATION 


419 


GENIAN 


see  Generation — g.  Primigena,  see  Generation — 
g.  Priuiitiva,  see  Generation  —  g.  Originaria,  see 
Generation — g.  Spontanea,  see  Generation. 

GENERATION,  Genera'tio,  Genesis,  Genne'- 
sis,  dune,  (Jonus,  Procrea'tio,  Procreation,  Breed- 
ing, from  (L.)  geno,  genere,  genitum,  yevu,  or 
ytwao),  'to  engender.'  Under  this  name  physi- 
ologists comprehend  the  aggregate  of  functions, 
which  concur,  in  organized  beings,  towards  the 
production  of  their  kind.  The  act  of  generation 
means  the  union  of  the  sexes.  See  Coition.  The 
writers  of  antiquity  believed,  that  all  organized 
bodies  are  produced  either  by  what  is  termed 
Hiiic'ocal  or  regular  generation,  Ilomogcu' esis, 
i  tio  homogcn'ea,  propaga'tio,  which  applies 
to  the  upper  classes  of  animals  and  vegetables, 
or  by  spontaneous  generation,  Autogon'ia,  hetero- 
geu'esis,  general io  heterogen'ea  seu  asquiv' oca  sen 
primiti'va  seu  pri>nig"cna  seu  origina'ria  seu 
sponta' nea,  sponteparite  (Duges),  which  they  con- 
sidered applicable  to  the  very  lowest  classes  only, 
as  the  mushroom,  the  worm,  the  frog,  &c  There 
are  still  many  distinguished  naturalists  who  con- 
sider that  beings,  low  in  the  scale  of  animality, 
are  produced  in  the  latter  way.  Spontaneous 
generation  and  equivocal  generation  have  been 
regarded  by  many  to  be  synonymous.  Others, 
however,  mean  by  spontaneous  generation,  the 
production  of  a  new  being  from  the  mere  combi- 
nation of  inorganic  elements;  whilst  by  equivo- 
cal generation  they  understand  the  evolution  of 
a  new  being  from  organized  beings  dissimilar  to 
themselves,  through  some  irregularity  in  their 
functions,  or  through  the  incipient  decay  or  de- 
generation of  their  tissues.  As  to  the  mode  in 
which  regular  generation  is  accomplished,  there 
have  been  many  views.  According  to  the  doc- 
trine of  Hippocrates,  and  of  the  ancient  philoso- 
phers, the  ovaries  of  the  female  furnish  a  prolific 
fluid,  similar  to  that  of  the  male;  and  the  foetus 
results  from  the  mixture  of  the  two  seeds  in  cop- 
ulation. Steno  and  others  conceived,  that  the 
ovaries  contain  ova,  which  are  not  developed 
until  vivified  by  the  male  sperm.  Bonnet  and 
Spallaasani  believed  in  the  pre-existence  of 
germs,  created  since  the  origin  of  the  world,  but 
encased  in  each  other,  and  becoming  developed  in 
succession;  whence  it  would  follow  that  the  ovary 
of  the  first  female  must  have  contained  the  germs 
of  all  subsequent  generations:  and  that  the  num- 
ber of  these  germs  must  go  on  always  diminish- 
ing, until  ultimately  extinct.  This  was  the  system 
of  the  evolution  of  germs.  According  to  Lecuen- 
hoek,  the  ovaries  do  not  contain  eggs,  but  vesicles 
destined  to  receive  animalcules;  which,  in  his 
view,  live  in  the  sperm.  Thousands  of  these 
animalcules  are  thrown  into  the  uterus  during 
copulation,  and  the  most  expeditious  and  vigor- 
ous reaches  the  ovary,  after  having  scattered  and 
destroyed  its  competitors.  Buffon  —  admitting 
the  hypothesis  of  the  two  seeds  —  supposed  that 
they  were  formed  of  molecules  proceeding  from 
every  part  of  the  body  of  each  parent;  and  that, 
by  a  kind  of  elective  affinity,  those  which  were 
furnished  by  the  head,  the  trunk,  or  the  extre- 
mities of  the  male  parent,  could  only  unite  with 
those  proceeding  from  the  same  parts  of  the 
female.  Before  him,  Maupertuis,  admitting,  with 
many  of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  system  of 
Epigenetis,  and  adopting,  as  regarded  the  com- 
position of  the  sperm,  a  theory  analogous  to  that 
of  Buffon,  had  supposed  that  the  molecules,  ca- 
pable of  being  organized,  were  attracted  towards 
a  centre;  that  the  nose  attracts  the  two  eyes; 
the  body,  the  arms;  the  arms,  the  hands,  Ac, 
nearly  as  the  particles  of  a  salt,  dissolved  in  a 
liquid,  arrange  themselves  in  regular  crystals 
around  the  same  nucleus.  These  and  various 
other  systems  have  been    successively  proposed 


and  abandoned,  and  the  mystery  of  generation 
remains  impenetrable. 

The  simplest  kind  of  reproduction  does  not  re- 
quire sexual  organs.  The  animal  separates  into 
several  fragments,  which  form  bo  many  new  indi- 
viduals. This  is  Fissip'arous  generation,  Fiss'i- 
parisin,  G.  from  fission,  (P.J  Fissipariti,  Scissi- 
parite,  Scission,  Cloisonnenient,  Reproduction  on 
Multiplication  merismatioue.  Gemmip'arous  gene- 
ration, (F.)  Gemmiparite,  Generation  par  (it  imita- 
tion, Simulation  ou  Bourgeonnemtnt,  consists  in 
the  formation  of  buds,  sporules  or  germs  on  some 
part  of  the  body,  which  at  a  particular  period 
drop  off  and  form  as  many  new  individuals. 
These  kinds  of  reproduction  require  but  one  pa- 


rent— Molina' 


g    eny. 


In     0, 


if)  aroUS    generation, 


(F.)  Oviparite,  the  egg  is  hatched  out  of  the  bod}', 
In  orovicip'roua  generation,  the  new  being  is 
hatched  in  the  excretory  passages.  In  vivip'a- 
rous  generation,  the  new  individual  is  born  under 
its  appropriate  form  ;  and  in  marsu'pial  or  mar- 
au'piate  generation,  the  young  being,  born  at  a 
very  early  stage  of  development,  is  received  and 
nourished  in  u  marsupium  or  pouch.  In  alternate 
generation,  (F.)  Generation  alternante,  the  young 
not  only  do  not  resemble  the  parent  at  birth,  but 
remain  dissimilar  during  their  whole  life,  so  that 
their  relationship  is  not  apparent  until  a  succeed- 
ing generation.  Thus,  the  cercaria  undergoes  a 
change  into  the  distoma.  See  Metagenesis.  All 
|  these  kinds  of  reproduction  require  the  union  of 
sexes — Dig"  eny. 

All  the  acts  comprising  the  function  of  genera- 
j!  tion  in  man  may  be  referred  to  five  great  heads. 
J  1.  Copulation.  2.  Conception  or  fecundation, 
1  3.  Gestation  or  Pregnancy.  4.  Delivery  or  Ac- 
couchement ;   and,  5.  Lactation. 

Generation,  Act  of,  see  Generation — g.  Alter- 
j'  nate,  see  Generation,  and  Metagenesis — g.  Eqni- 
j;  vocal,  see  Generation — g.  by  Fission,  see  Genera- 
tion— g.  Fissiparous,  see  Generation — g.  by  Gem- 
mation, see  Generation  —  g.  Gemmiparous,  see 
Generation  —  g.  Marsupial,  see  Oeneration — g. 
'  Organs  of,  female,  see  Vulva — g.  Oviparous,  see 
Generation — g.Regular,  see  Generation — g.  Spon- 
taneous, see  Generation — g.  Univocal,  see  Gene- 
ration— g.  Viviparous,  see  Generation. 

GEN'EROUS,  Genero'xus.  From  genus,  gene- 
ric, "a  race;'  generosus,  'of  a  noble  race,  noble.' 
'  A  name  given  to  wines  which  contain  a  great 
quantity  of  alcohol. 

GENESIAL,  Genital. 

GENESIOL'OGY,  Geneaiolog"ia,  from  ytvscts, 
!  'generation,' and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  The  doc- 
trine of  generation. 

a  ES  ESI  QUE,  LE,  Appetite,  venereal. 

GENESIS,  Generation. 

GENET,  Spartium  scoparium  —  </.  a  Balai, 
Spartium  scoparium — g.  des  Teiuturiers,  Genista 
tinctoria. 

GENETHLI'ACUS,  from  yeveBXios,  'natal,' 
'pertaining  to  nativity.'  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  certain  astrologers,  who,  from  the  state 
of  the  heavens  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  an  in- 
dividual, predicted  his  future  character  and  the 
events  of  his  life. 

GENET'ICA,  from  ytvecis,  'generation.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  sexual  functions;  the  5th  class  in 
'.  Good's  Nosology.  Also,  agents  that  act  on  the 
sexual  organs. — Pereira. 

QBNETICUS,  GenitaL 

(i  EN  EVA.  Gin,  see  Spirit. 

QENEVRIER,  Juniperus  communis — g.  Oxy- 
cedre,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 

GENGIVITE,  Ulitis. 

>■  I.  A7.  Genian. 

GE'NIAN,  Genia'nus,  Ge'nial,  from  yrvciov, 
'the  chin.'     The   Genian  ajiojJi'ysis  or  Process. 


GEXICULATUM 


420 


GENTIAN A 


(F.)  Apopkyse  genicnne  ou  geni,  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  symphysis  inenti,  and  is 
formed  of  four  small  tubercles. 

GEXICULATUM,  see  Corpora  geniculata. 

GEXIE.  Ge'niua,  The  French  sometimes  ap- 
ply this  term  to  dieases  nearly  synonymously 
with  nature;  as  Genie  inflammatqire,  G.  bilieux, 
G.  adynamique.  Some  use  it  in  the  same  sense 
as  type;  Genie  intermittent.  The  unwonted  pre- 
dominance of  any  mental  faculty  is  also  so  called. 

G  EX  I  EX,  Genian. 

GEXIEYRE,  Gin,  Juniperus  communis  (the 
berry.) 

GEXIO,  from  ysveiov,  'chin.'  In  composition, 
means  relating  or  appertaining  to  the  chin. 

G  E  X  I'O  GLOSS  US,  Genio-hyoglos'sus,  from 
yevtiov,  '  the  chin,'  and  y\wacra,  '  the  tongue.' 
Jfesoglossus,  J/esoglot'tus,  Xonns  lingua  mue' cu- 
ius. The  name  of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
which  extends  from  the  genian  apophysis  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  os  hyoides  and  tongue, 
which  last  it  carries  forward. 

GENIOHYODES,  Geniohyoideus. 

GEXIO HYOGLOSSUS.  Genioglossus. 

GEXIOHYOIDES,  Geniohyoideus. 

GE'SrOH.YOIDEVS.Geniuhyo'des.GeniohyoV- 
des,  Mento-bicom'eus,  from  ytveiov.  'the  chin,'  and 
tvoct6r)s,  'the  os  hyoides.'  A  muscle  which  arises 
from  the  genian  apophysis,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides. 
Its  use  is  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  carry  it 
forwards.  It  may,  also,  contribute  to  depress 
the  lower  jaw  in  contracting  towards  the  os 
hyoides. 

GENI'O-PHAKYNGE'US,  from  yzvuov,  'the 
chin,'  and  (papvy^,  '  the  pharynx.'  A  name  given, 
by  some  anatomists,  to  a  bundle  of  fibres  which 
passes  from  the  lower  jaw  to  the  sides  of  the  pha- 
rynx, and  forms  part  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis 
superior. 

GWNIOrliAB'TYfGefri'oplas'tice,  from  yevtiov, 
*  the  chin.'  and  -r:\aoo-u),  '  I  form.'  The  operation 
for  restoring  the  chin.  At  times  used  instead  of 
Genyoplasty,  for  the  operation  for  restoring  the 

GEX'IPA  OBLOXGIFO'LIA,  Hnito.  A  plant 
of  Peru,  with  the  juice  of  which  the  Indians  paint 
their  legs,  to  protect  them  against  the  stings  of 
insects. 

GEXIPI  ALBUM.  Achillea  moschata,  Ar- 
temisia rupestris — g.  Blanc,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— g.  Verum,  Achillea  atrata. 

GEXTSTA,  Spartium  scoparium — g.  Canaden- 
sis, see  Rhodium  lignum — g.  Hirsuta,   Spartium 


scopanum- 


H'opana,  Spartium  scoparium. 


Gbnis'ta  Spiyo'sAls'oic \,Bahel  Schul/i.  Ord. 
Leguminosa?.  An  oriental  tree,  a  decoction  of 
the  roots  of  which  is  diuretic.  The  leaves  boiled 
in  vinegar  have  the  same  effect. — Ray. 

Grxis'ta  Ti.vcto'ria,  Genistoi'des  tincto'ria, 
Spar'tium  tincto'rium,  Dyers'  broom  or  ireed. 
Green  iceed.  Wood  waxen,  Woodwex,  (F.)  Genet 
dee  Teinturiers.  A  shrub  cultivated  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe.  The  flowering  tops  and  seed 
have  been  used  in  medicine.  It  has  the  same 
properties  as  Spartium  scoparium. 

GEXISTOIDES  TLXCTORIA,  Genista  tinc- 
toria. 

GEX'ITAL,  Genitalis,  Genet' icus,  Generatio'ni 
inser' viois,  Gene'sial,  Gennet'icus.  Same  etymon 
as  Generation.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
generation. 

Gck'ital  Organs,  Sex'ual  Organs,  Puden'da, 
Xatura'/ix,  Xntii'ra,  jEdce'a,  Jle'zea,  Jle'sa,  Mo'- 
rim;  Genital.  Noble,  Xat'ural  or  Private  parts; 
Priv' ities,  Privy  parts,  Privy  Members,  the  Parts, 
Pars,  Pars  corporis  seu  obscoe'na.  Pores,  Partes 
yenita'les  seu  generatio'ni  inservien'tcs  seu  obscos'- 


nce,  Me'dea,  Veren'da,  Pedes,  Inguen,  Genitalia, 
Gennet'ica.  Gymna,  Membra  puden'da,  Or'gann 
generatio'ni  inservien'tia,  0.  sexua'lia  seu  geuita' '- 
lia.(F.)  Organes genitaux, Parties genitales  ouhon- 
teuses  ou  genitoires  ou  nobles  ou  sexiielles  ou  nn- 
turelles,  Les  Parties,  Genitoires.  The  parts  that 
are  inservient  to  the  reproduction  of  the  species. 
These  are  very  different  in  the  male  and  female. 
In  man,  they  are  numerous;  some  secreting  the 
sperm,  as  the  testicles  and  their  appendages ; 
others  retaining  it,  as  the  vesiculse  seminaies  : 
and  another  for  carrying  it  into  the  organs  of  the 
female, — the  penis.  In  the  female,  the  parts  of 
generation  form  an  apparatus,  perhaps  more  com- 
plicated than  that  of  the  male.  Some  are  inser- 
vient to  copulation,  as  the  vulva,  vagina,  Ac, 
others  to  conception  and  the  preservation  of  the 
product  for  a  determinate  time,  as  the  uterus  and 
its  appendages;  whilst  others  concur  in  the  ali- 
mentation of  the  infant  after  birth,  as  the  mamma*. 

GEXITALE,  Sperm— g.  Caput,  Glans. 

GENITALIA,  Genital  organs —g.  Yiri,  Pudi- 
bilia. 

GEX'ITO-CRURAL  XERYE,  Nervus  geu'ito- 
crnra'lis,  Subpn'bial  or  Inter' tad  in'gninal  nerve. 
A  branch  of  the  second  lumbar  nerve,  which 
passes  through  the  psoas  muscle,  and,  approach- 
ing the  femoral  arch,  divides  into  two  branches, 
- — an  internal,  scrotal,  or  gen'ital,  nervus  sperma- 
ticus  seu  pud  en' d  us  exter'nns,  and  an  external  or 
femoral  cutaneous  branch,  lumbo-inguinalis. 

GEXITO-  URIXARY,  see  Uro-genital. 

GEXITOIRES,  Genital  Organs. 

GEXITU'RA.  That  which  is  fecundated  or 
engendered  in  the  maternal  womb.  This  word 
has  been  used  synonymously  with  embryo,  fcetus, 
and  infant.  Also,' the  sperm;  and  the  penis.  Ste 
Goxe. 

GENIUM,  Mentum. 

GEXXESIS,  Generation. 

GEXXETICA,  Genital  Organs. 

GEXXETICOCXES'MUS,  from  yn-i^nvoc, 
'genital,'  and  Kvnouos,  'itching.'  Itching  of  the 
genital  organs. 

G  E  X  X  E  T  I  C  0  X  '  0  S  I,  Genneticonu'si  from 
yn'vrjTiKos,  'genital,'  and  voaus,  'disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  genitals. 

GENNET'ICUS,  Genital. 

GEX'OA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  this 
Italian  city  and  its  vieinit3Thas  been  often  selected 
as  favourable  for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian 
during  the  winter  ;  but  it  is  now  admitted  to  he 
decidedly  improper  for  pulmonary  affections,  be- 
ing subject  to  frequent  and  rapid  changes  of  tem- 
perature, and  to  dry  cold  winds  from  the  north, 
alternately  with  warm  moist  winds  from  the 
south-east. — Sir  James  Clark. 

GEXOXU'SI,  Jlorbi  sej-us,  from  yevos,  'sex,' 
and  vovoos.  '  disease.'     Sexual  diseases. 

GEXO PLASTIC,  Meloplastic. 

GEXOS.  Sex. 

GEXOU,  Genu. 

GEXOUILLES.  (Corps.)  Corpora  geniculata. 

GEXOUILLET,  Convallaria  polvgonatum. 

GEXRE,  Genus. 

GEXSAXG,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

GEXTIA.  Gentianina. 

GEXTIAX,  (from  Gentius.  King  of  Illyria.  who 
used  some  species  medicinally),  Gentiana  la  tea, 
Triosteum — g.  Blue,  Gentiana  catesbad — g.  Cates- 
bian,  Gentiana  catesbad — g.  Horse,  Triosteum — 
g.  White,  Laserpitium  latifolium  —  g.  Southern. 
Gentiana  catesbaei — g.  White,  Triosteum — g.  Yel- 
low. Gentiana  lutea.  see  Calumba. 

GEXTIAXA.  G.  lutea—  g  Alba.  Laserpitium 
latifolium — g.  Amarylloides,  G.  quinqueflora — g. 
Cachenlaguen.  Chironia  Chilensis  —  g.  Centau- 
riuin,  Chironia  centaurium. 


GEXTTAXE  J  A  UXE 


421 


( ;  i:  R  a  N  i  u  m 


Tikntian  v  C  iTK<n  k'i  :  Q.Catfbia'na,  Bli 
tii.,.   Ph.  I".  8.,  Cafes' bian  or  South, m   Gen'tian, 
E  tterroaU     Ord.  Gentianaeese.     It  is 

;i    pure   :in  1    simple   bitter,    and   the   root   may  he 
:<erever    that    of    the    Gentiajna    I 

•  v's  v  Cms  wt  v.  G.  Cfiimt/i'tn.  II-  nrictfa 
Pharmaeear'eka,  Stosr'tia,  Agatho'tes  clu'ruyi'ta, 
Ofthe'lin    ehira'ta,     Ohirtt'ta,     Ck  tragi' to,     Chi- 

A  native  of  Iti'lia,  which  DBS 
miieh  employed  in  that  OOQDtry,  in  dyspepsia, 
:md  as  an  00 ti periodic  in  intermit  tents.  It  is 
-ipanl'.a.  where  the  Lat- 
ter in  considered  t<>  be  indicated, — u  after  large 
quantities  of  mercury  have  been  taken,  or  where 
profuse  BalivatlOO  baa  Keen  induced.  It  has  also 
[vised  in  atonic  leueorrhcea.  It  yields  its 
virtues  to  alcohol  and  water. 

,  w  v  <  i:iM  r  v.  see  <i.  qainqneflora — g.  Ge- 
r.u-  ii.  Chironia  eentaariam. 

IA'na   Ld'tba.     The  systematic  name  of 

tl,  •    offioiaal    gentian  :    Gt  ntia'na,   0.  major  Ben 

tet'ernm  sen   rubra,  Swer'tia  lu'tea,  Astsfrias  lu'- 

■  Tort.     Ord.  Gentianem. 

Htinne  jaune.     This  is  a  plant  common  in 

the   mountains   of    Europe.     The   root    is    almost 

inodorous,  extremely  hitter,  and  yields  its  virtues 

t  .  ether,  alcohol,   and  water.      It   U  tonic  and 

and  in  large  doses,  aperient.     Dose, 

gr.  x  to  T)ij.     It   is   must  frequently,  however, 

i  infusion  or  tineture. 

Gentian  a  Major,   (i.  lutea  —  g.   Ochroleuca, 

saponaria  —  g.  Peruviana,  Chironia  Chi- 

Lensis. 

Gbntia'na  Qdinqubflo'ra,   G.   amarylloi'des, 
Fire-flu, >■.  ■■■  d  Gentian  ;  and  GBNTIA'NA  Cfum'ta, 
fringed   Gentian,   indigenous,    are    possessed  of 
rtues. 
\n  v  Rubra,  G.  lutea. 

n'ima.   Soaptoort   Gentian,  and 

G,  ochroL  u'ca,  Sampson's  Snakt  root  :  indigenous, 

the  properties  of  Gentians  lutea;  and  are 

•  be  diaphoretic. 
«tiana  Vbtebdu,  i  J.  lutea. 
GENTIANE  JAUNE,  Gentiana lutea, 
GENTIANI'NA,    Gentianine,   Gentianin,    Gen- 
tia'uia,  Gen'tia.      A  supposed  neutral  substance, 
•   '      d  g  intian,  and,   by  Borne,  presumed 
to  be  it--  active  principle.      It  is  not  so. 
i  [LITIUS,  Hereditary. 
GENU,  Gong,  yovv,  (P.)  Genou.     The  artieula- 
b  the  thigh  ; — the Femoro-tibial 
or  knee-joint,  the  knee.     It  is  the  most  eompli- 
n  the  body,  and   is   firmed    by  the  inferior 
if  the   femur,    the   superior  extremity 
the   rotula.      The  articular  sur- 
are  covered  by  layers  of  carti- 
raore  or  less  thick  —and  by  the  synovial 
membrane  of  the  articulation.      The  soft  parts  of 
int  are.— the  ligamentum  patella,  two  late- 
ral ligaments,  distinguished  by  the  names  inter- 
l  i  rterna)  ;  a  posterior  ligament,  Ligamen'- 

•  'i'rum  Winstow'ii  :  two  crucial  ligaments, 
—the  r,  and  the  other  posterior;  two 

rtivular  fibro  cartilages;  some  albugineous 

.  which  form  an  imperfect  capsule,  4a    The 

na  the  femoral  and 

popliteal.     They  bear  the  name  articular.     It- 

■  ime  distribution  a<  the  arteries, 

and  discharge  their  blood  into  the  saphena  and 

crural.     It-  oorvei  are  rurnisbed  by  the  sciatic, 

popliteal,  and  crural.     The  joint  is  protected  by 

i  muscles  which  surround  it. 

mi  Articulation  <  n  </<  nou 
fur  a  joint,  in  which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received 
I  b  my  cavity  of  another,  where  it  rolls  and 
-  ill   all  directions. 

•outs  C  u  i  obi,  see  Corpus  callosum 
\  ram,  Bntogonyanoon. 


GENUGB  \.  Gonagra. 

(i  K.\  I'lM'S,  Legitimate. 

GENUS,  (1  \  collection  or  gffonp  of 

analogous    to   each  other,  and  which  can 
be  united  by  common  characters.     When  ■ 
cies  cannot  be  referred  to  a  known  genus,  it  eon- 
Btitutefl  a  distinct  one. 

i;  i  m  -  (i  i:  \  i  [oni8,  Ratio  medendi. 

GENT,  Genys. 

G  EN  Y  A  NT  RAL'GIA,  from  y»w$,' the  maxilla,' 
mrrpsv,  'the  antrum,  and  alyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in 
the  antrum  of  High  more. 

GENYANTRI'TIS,  from  yrvvs,  '  the  maxilla,' 
nvrpov,  'the  antrum,' and  iff*,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENT  WTIU'M,  Antrum  of  Bighmore. 

GENYOCYN  kNCHE,  Cynanche  parotidma. 

GENYOPLASTY,  Bee  Genioplasty. 

GENYS,  yews,  Genu,  yew,  'the  jaw;'  also  tho 
chin.     See  Gens. 

CKoFFK.K'A  IX  Kit 'MIS.  Geoff  rat' a,  G.  raec- 
mo'mi  Ben  Piso'nis  sen  Jamaicen'sis,  Vouacap'- 
oua  Ann ricn' int.  Geoffroy'a,  Gahbag"ivm,  Andi'ra 
inerm'is   sen    racento'sa,   Cabbage    Tree,   Cabbage 

Bark   Tree.  Worm-burl;   Tree.      Ord.  LeguminOSK. 

Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  odour  of 
the  bark  is  very  unpleasant.  It  is  anthelmintic 
and  cathartic.     Dose  of  the  powder,  }}j  to  ^ij. 

QtKOTFRMA  .1  LMAICEHSI8,  G.  inermis — g.  PisO- 
qIb,  G.  inermis — £.  Raeemosa,  G.  inermis. 

Gk0FFR/E'a  SiiiiNAMKN'sts,  Andi'ra  Surlna- 
men'sin,  has  similar  properties. 

Huttensehmidt  has  separated  their  active  prin- 
ciples, to  which  he  has  given  the  names  Jamai- 
eine  and  Surinamine.     They  are  all  alkaline. 

GeovfrjbA  Vi:i:mii-''i(;a,  Andira  ibai,  Arriba, 
Skolemo'ra  Fernambucen'sis ;  a  South  American 
plant,  has  a  fruit,  the  almond  of  which,  called 
angiline,  has  a  reputation  at  Rio  Janeiro  as  ;i 
vermifuge.  Dose,  a  grain  to  fifteen;  or  it  may 
be  siven  in  infusion. 

GEOFPROYA,  Geoffraea  inermis  —  g.  Jamai- 
eensis.  G.  inermis. 

GEOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  Geogra'pkin 
Med'ica,  Nosogeography,  Nosogeograph'ia.  The 
'  description  of  the  surface  of  the  globe  as  regards 
the  influence  of  situation  on  the  health,  vital 
functions,  and  diseases  of  its  inhabitants,  vege- 
table and  animal:  but  principally  on  those  of 
man. 

GEOPII'AGISM,  Geophru/'in,  Gesophag"ia, 
from  yrj,  'earth,'  and  0ayw,  'I  eat.'  The  act  or 
practice  of  eating  earth.     See  Chthonophagia. 

GEORGIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Tho 
I  water  of  Indian  Springs,  in  Butts  County,  is 
sulphureous.  The  ]\'ur„,  Springs,  in  Meriwether 
County,  have  a  temperature  of  1)0°  Fahr.  Afadi- 
ton's  Springs,  in  Madison  County,  are  a  chaly- 
beate; and  so  are  Rowland's  Springs,  in  Cass 
County.      AH  these  are  frequented  by  invalids. 

GERJ20L0G"IA,    G«ratolog"im,   from   yrjpas, 

ynjxiros,  'old    age,'  and   Xuyog,  'a  diSOOUTSe.'      The 

doctrine,  or  a  description,  of  old  age. 
GER  VFLOURIS,  Dianthua  caryopbyllus. 

GER'ANIS,    from   ytfjavos,   'a    crSBO,'  which   it 

resembled.     A  bspdsge,  used  by  tin'  ancients  in 

if  fractured  clavicle.     Some  authors  attri- 
bute it  to  Hippocrates;  others,  to  Perigenes. 

GER  V'NIUM,  same  etymon,  because  its  pi-til 

is  long,  like  the  hill  id' the  crane.      Oral.  (Icrania- 

I  lie  Crane's  Hill. 

G brand  m  C  tHOLiBii  vvfM.  see  G.  Robertisnum 

..-    r a  tidiim,  <;.  Robertianum — g.  Maeulatum, 

i anium,  and  <;.  Bloschatum. 
Gbranidm  Mo>i-iia'tim,  Erod'ium  Mtfosekatnm, 


I.     Bee  ds   'j' 


\tisa 


uf.    A  European  plant, 


esteemed  to  he  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 
Gbranidm  Novbboracbnsb,  G.  Mscnlstam- 

g.  l'urpureum,  (j.  Kohertianum. 


G  E  R  A  S 


400 


GIANT 


Geranium  RoBKRTiA'xr?.r,  G.  fee'tidum  seu 
purpn'reum,  Stinking  Crime's  Bill,  Herb  Robert, 
I  P.  Her  be  a  Robert,  Bee  de  Grne  Robertin. 
This  plant  was.  at  one  time,  used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  slight  stimulant,  as  well  as  for  an  ex- 
ternal application  in  various  painful  sores  and 
inflammations. 

Geranium  Carolinia'num,  has  similar  proper- 
ties. 

Most  of  the  species  of  geranium  bare  been  used 
ns  astringents.  In  some  of  the  northwestern 
parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  Gera- 
nium macnln'tam  —  Gern'ninm,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  G. 
Jfoveboracen'se,  Spotted  Crane's  Bill,  Crowfoot, 
Alum  root,  Tormentil,  Stork  bill — is  called  Racine 
a  Beeqnet,  after  a  person  of  that  name.  It  is 
highly  extolled  by  the  Western  Indians  as  an 
antisyphilitic. 

ft  ERAS,  Senectus. 

GERQURE,  Fissure. 

GERM.  Germen,  Blaste,  Blaste'ma,  (F.)  Germe. 
The  rudiment  of  a  new  being,  not  yet  developed, 
or  which  is  still  adherent  to  the  mother. 

Germ  Force.  Plastic  force. 

GERMANDER.  COMMON,  Teucrium  cha- 
maedrys— g.  Creeping.  Teucrium  chamaedrys — g. 
Marum,  Teucrium  marum  —  g.  Smali.  Teucrium 
chamaedrys — g.  Water,  Teucrium  scordium. 

GERMANDREE  AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium 
scordium  —  g.  Maritime,  Teucrium  marum — g. 
Officinale,  Teucrium  chamaedrys  —  g.  Scorodoue, 
Teucrium  scordium. 

GERME  FAUX,  Conception,  false. 

GERMEX,  Germ,  Sperm — g.  Dentale.  Dental 
Pulp — g.  Falsum,  Mole — g.  Spurium,  Conception, 
false.  ^  " 

GER'MINAL,  Ger'minative,  Germina'lis,  Ger- 
minati'vns,  (F.)  Germinatif;  from  germen,  a 
germ.  Relating  or  belonging  to  germ  ;  as  '' ger- 
m  inal  cell." 

Germinal  Cell,  see  Cytoblast  —  2.  Membrane 
and  Vesicle,  see  Molecule  —  g.  Nucleus,  see 
Molecule — g.  Spot,  see  Molecule — g.  Vesicle,  see 
Molecule. 

GERMS.  DISSEMINATION  OF.  Panspermia 
— g.  Pre-existence  of.  see  Preformation. 

GEROBOS'CIA.  Gerontobos'cia,  from  yvpag, 
'old  age,'  and  SooK-n,  'food.'  Nourishment  or 
maintenance  proper  for  the  aged. 

GEROCOMEUM.  Gen.comium. 

GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'ice,  Gerontoeom'ice, 
from  yefjiov,  yepovro;,  'an  aged  person,'  and  xo/tuv, 
'to  take  care  of.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose 
object  is  the  preservation  of  the  health  of  the 
aged  : — the  hv^iene  of  old  people. 

GEROCOMICB,  Gerocomia, 

GEROCOMITM.  Gerocome'um,  Presbyodo- 
chi'um,  Gerontocomi'um,  Gerotrophe'um.  Same 
etymon.     An  hospital  for  the  aged. 

GEROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GEROFLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

GERONTATROPHIA,  Marasmus  senilis. 

GERONTOB<  XCIA,  Gerohoscia, 

GEROXTOCOMIOE,  Gerocomia. 

GE  ftONTOCOMIUM,  Gerocomium. 

GEROXTO'PIA,  from  yepwv,  ytpovrog,  'an  old 
person,'  and  w\L,  'the  eye.'  Weakness  of  sight 
of  the  aged. 

GEROXT0T0X0X.  Gerotoxon. 

GERONTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GEROTOX'OX,  Gerontox'on,  Gerontotox'on, 
Lenco'ma  Gerontotox'on, Mae' ula  eor'nea  arcua'ta, 
Areas  geni'lis;  from  yeptav,  yepovrog,  'an  old  per- 
son,' and  ro^ov,  'a  bow.'  A  bow-shaped  obscurity 
at  the  under  margin  of  the  cornea,  common  to 
old  people. 

GEROTROPREUM.  Gerocomium. 

GEROTROPHIA.  Geroboscia. 


GERSA,  Plnmbi  subcarbonas — g.  Scrpentarise, 
see  Aram  macalatum. 

GESIER,  Ventriculus  callosus. 

GESTA,  'things  done,'  from  gerere,  gestum, 
'to  do,'  'carry.'  Acta.  A  Latin  term,  intro- 
duced by  Halle-  into  medical  language,  to  desig- 
nate, among  the  objects  which  belong  to  hygiene, 
the  functions  which  consist  in  the  voluntary 
movements  of  muscles  and  organs.  In  the  class 
Gestu  are  found  sleep,  the  leaking  state,  movement* 
or  locomotion,  and  rest. 

GESTA'TION,  Gtsta'tio,  Phora,  from  gesture, 
gestation,  'to  c-arry.'  The  time  during  which  a 
female  who  has  conceived  carries  the  embryo  in 
her  uterus.  See  Pregnancy.  Gestation,  likewise, 
signifies  the  bearing  or  carrying  of  an  individual; 
a  kind  of  exercise  easier  than  that  in  which  he 
moves  by  virtue  of  his  own  powers.  Thus,  we 
;  speak  of  gestation  on  horseback,  in  a  earri 

Gestation.  Protract' ed.  Pregnancy  pro- 
i  tracted  beyond  the  usual  period.    See  Pregnancy. 

GESTICULATION.    Gesticula'tio,  same   ety- 
mon.    The    act    of    making    many    gestures:     a 
;  symptom  in  disease,  which  indicates  great  ence- 
phalic  erethism.      It  is   met   with   in   numerous 
affections. 

OETllYL'LIS  SPIRA'LIS.     A  South  African 
plant,    NaU   Ord.   Amaryllideae,    the    on.    g 
loured   fruit  of  which  has  a  peculiar  fragranue. 

I  An  infusion  in  spirit  or  tincture  is  used  in  flatu- 
lence and  colic. 

GEUM,  G.  rivale — g.  Caryophyllatum.  G.  ur- 
banuui  —  g.  Nutans,  G.  rivale  —  g.  Paiustre,  G. 
rivale. 

Geum   RlVALK.  G.  palus'tre  seu  nutans,  Ctrryo- 

II  phylla'ta  aquat'ica  seu  nutans,  Benedic'ta  sylns'- 
tris.  Water  or  Purple  arena,  Choc'olate  root.  (F.) 
Benoite  aqitatique  ou  des  Rttisseaux.  Ord.  Rosa- 
cea?.      Sex.    St/*t.    Icosandria    Polygyuia.       The 

I  root  of  this  plant — Geum  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  astrin- 
gent. It  has  been  much  extolled  in  the  cure  of 
intermittent?,  diarrhoea,  hemorrhage.  Ac 

Geum  Urba'ncm.  G.  caryophylla'tum,  Caryo- 
phylla'ta,  C.  vnlga'ris  seu  urba'na,  Caryophyl'lus 
vulga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophtkal'mus,  Caryo- 
I  phyl'la,  Janamun'da,  Herba  benedic'ta,  Common 
ovens,  Herb  Bennet,  Yellow  avens,  Star  of  the 
North,  Blessed  herb,  (F.)  Benoite.  The  root  of 
this  plant  has  a  smell  not  unlike  that  of  cloves. 
Taste  bitterish,  austere;  virtues  yielded  to  water 
and  alcohol.  It  has  been  used  in  intermittent?, 
dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  debility,  &c.  Dose, 
gss  to  3J  of  the  powder. 

Geum  Vernum,  Western  early  avens,  has  the 
,  same  properties  as 

Geum  Virginia'num.  White  avens,  Avens.  Ever* 
I!  root,  Choc'olate  root,  Bennet,  Throat  root,  Cure- 
all,  (F.)  Benoite  de  Yirginie,  is  common  from 
Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  flowering  in 
;:  June  and  July.  It  has  the  same  medical  pro- 
perties as  Geum  rivale. 

GEUM  A.  Taste. 

GEUSION'OSI,  from  ytvois,  'taste,'  and  \ooos, 
'disease.'  Geusionu'si.  Diseases  of  the  organ  or 
sense  of  taste. 

GEUSIS,  Taste.  Rarely,  the  root  of  the 
tongue — Radix  Ungues. 

GEUTHMOS,  Taste. 

GEZIB,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

GEZIT,  Cagot. 

GEZTTATX,  Cagot. 

GHERKIN,  see  Cucumis  sativus. 

GHITTA  JEMOCO.  Cambodia. 

GIALAPPA,  Convolvulus  Jalnpi. 

GIANT,  Gigas,  (F.)  Giant.  One  much  above 
the  ordinary  stature;  of  excessive  growth — Ma- 
croso'mia,  Macrosomat'ia,  Magnitu'do  gigante'a, 
(F.)  Geantisme. 


G  I  B  B  A 


GLADIOLUS 


(Ur.?>A.  Hump. 
GIBBER,  Hump. 
GIBBEROSIT  \s.  Gibboei 
GIBBOS'ITAS,  '•■'•■■■     -    ■■'-.  Cypko'eie,  Rka- 
ekio-eypko'eie,    from    [P.)    Gibbens,    (L.)    Gibbnt, 
i,  •  Bouething  arched  or  vaulted  ;  prominent.' 
.  '  'urratnre  oftkeepi  ■  ■ .  H 
bo' ma.     A  phenomenon  which  occurs  in  different 
-.  particularly  in  ricketc  -   of  the 

See  Hump. 
<;  iBBOHi  i •  \»  Cariosa,  Vertebral  dii 
GIBB01  SN  ESS,  Gihbositas. 
GIBBUS,  Hump — g.  Pottii,  Vertebral  d 
GIBLETS.     Accordiogto  Minsheu.  from  Gob- 
Duutbful'  [?] ;  but,  according  to  Jnniu8,from 
1'     G  'game.'     The  word  seems  to  be  the 

Met,  &c,  i.  e.  Gibier,     1.     ' 
barinm,  •  food,'    V.  I  Abattie.     It  means,  generally, 
the  parts  which  are  eul  off  from  a  goose  before  it 
ted       Mso,  the  extremities  of  fowls,  such 
ns  the  bead,  wings,  feet;  to  which  are  Bometfmes 
the  liver,  gizzard,  Ac.     Soup,  made  from 
-  moderately  nutritious. 
GIDDINESS,  Vertigo. 
GIDDY.  Vertiginous. 
GIG  INTEUS,  Gigantic. 
GIGANTESQUE,  Gigantic 
GIG  \N"1T<".  G  Qiganto'the,  (F.)  Gi- 

ganteeqne.     Relating  to  one  much  above  the  or- 
dinary stature. 

GIG  iNTODES,  Gigantic 

\UTL\A   1IELMIXTH0CH0RT0X,  Co- 
rallina  Corsicana — g.  Lichenoides,  Fucus  amyla- 

GIGARUS    SERPEXTARIA,  Arum  dracun- 
culus. 

GIGAS,  <liant. 

GILARUM,  Tbymna  serpyllum. 

GILE  \  I).  BALM  ( >F,  pee  Amyrisopobalsamnm. 

(!  I  LET  l>E  FORCE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

GILL,  Glechoma  bederacea, 

GiLL-GO-BV-OROimn,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

GILLA   THEOPHRASTI,  Zinei  sulphas  — g. 

i,  Zinei  sulphas. 
GILLE'NIA   STIPULA'CEA,   Small-dowered 
ht'dian  Phytic  has  the  same  properties  as 

Gillb'hu    Trifolia'ta.,    Spira'a    trifolia'ta, 
Common  GiUe'nia,  Indian  Phytic,  Western  I)i<>/i- 
worf,  liufitin  Hippo,  Fp'ecae,  Bowman'*  root,  Mea- 
.    Beaumont    root,  (F.)    Gillhtie.      Orci. 
mdria    Pentagynia. 
tot  of  this  shrub,  and  of  <i.  Btipulaoes  — 
Ph.  T.  S.)  —  which  grows  plentifully 
safe  ami  efficacious 
ise  of  about  30  grains.     It  re- 
sembles ipecacuanha  in  its  proper! 
I.ESIE.  Gillenia  trifoliata, 
GILLIFLOWER,  Di  an  thus  caryophyllus. 

im  all. urn. 
GIM'BERNAT'S    LIGAMENT.      A   fibrous, 
triangular  expansion,  which  is  detached  from  the 
I  inner  part  of  the  crural  arch,  and  is 
i  into  the  crest  of  the  pubis.     This  liga- 
nner  part  of  the  superior  aper- 
:  I  the  crural  canal.     It  is  one  of  the  most 

strangulation  in  crural  hernia. 
.   Holland*,  ',■  m  'vn,     !  This 

spirit,   which   is   distilled  from  corn   and  juniper 
-.   or   from    some   substitute   for   them,   is 
i  in  < ; r.-.it  Britain,  and  is  extremely 
-tieulariy.    It 
'  properties  of  other  spirituous  liquors, 

i.  in  popular  medicine,  li  more 
■■-lie  or  intes- 
tinal pain  of  any  kind.  Schiedam  Seknapptit  under- 
I :  -      Spirit 

-    Lit br,    Liver,   uutmeg  —  g. 

GISGEMBRE,  Amomum  zingiber. 


GINGER,  Amomum  lingil 

Cin.:i  R  I'.i  Kit  POWDKR,  see  Amomum  zingiber. 
GlNOl  R,  G  vi:  I' i  n.  •  a  p. -i  cum- — g.  Indian.  Ami  rum 
I'ana.lenst — g.  .J :t tunica,  concentrated  eSS< 

see  Amomum  singiber  —  g.  Preserved,  see  Amo- 
mum  singiber — g.  Wild,  Asarum  Canadi 

GING1  B  B  A'CHIUM,  from  gingiva,  'the 
gams,'  and  brackium,  'the  arm.'  A  nami 
to  the  scurvy,  because  the  gums  and  arms  are 
chiefly  affected  by  it.  It  has  alee  been  called 
Gingipe'dium,  because  the  lower  limbs  are  in 
many  at  of  scorbutic  spota.     See  Por- 

pbyra  naul 

GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibracbium,  Por- 
phvra  nautica. 

<;  I  .\<i  I'Y.K,  from  gignere,  'to  beget,1  beeause 
the   teeth    are.   as    it    were,   begotten    in    them.  [?] 
The  I/inns.  mtXa,  Via,   Oamic'nla,  |  1-'.    G 
The  portion   of  the  mucous   membrane  of  the 

mouth  which  covers  the  maxillary  bones  to  the 
level  of  the  alveolar  arches.  The  gums  are 
tunned  of  a  red  tissue,  more  or  less  solid,  and  of 
a  fibro-muoons  nature,  which  adheres  strongly  to 
the  necks  of  the  teeth,  and  transmits,  between 
the  roots  and  their  alveoli,  a  very  thin  expan- 
sion,— the  alveolo-dentai  periosteum.  The  ironis 
fix  the  teeth  and  contribute  greatly  to  their  soli- 
dity. In  the  aged,  after  the  loss  of  the  teeth, 
they  become  fibrous  and  very  solid,  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication. 

GINGTVA'LIS,  Ulet'ieua,  U'licua;  from  gin- 
giva, 'the  gums.'     Relating  to  the  gums. 

G  ING'LYMOID,  Ginglymot'di  ue,  Ginglymo'- 
<l>  *.  from  ytyy\vfioq,  'a  ginglymus  or  hinge,'  and 
eiSos,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  a  ginglymus  or 
hinge.  An  epithet  applied  to  joints  which  re- 
semble a  binge,  as  a  ginglymoid  joint. 

GIN'GLYMDS,  Cardinamen'tnm,  Cm-do,  'a 
hinge.'  (F.)  Ckarniire,  Articulation  en  ekarniin  . 
A  species  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  which  only 
admits  of  motion  in  two  directions,  like  a  hinge, 
— as  the  knee-joint  or  elbow-joint, 

GINSENG,  Panax  qninquefolinm — g.  Asiatic. 
Panax  Schinseng  —  g.  Blue,  Caulophyllum  thalic- 
Eroldes — g.  Yellow,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides — 
g.  Horse,  Triosteum — g.  White,  Triosteum. 

GIRAFFE,  Den  true. 

GIRA  RD-ROUSSIN,  Asarum. 

GIRDLE,  Cingulum. 

GIRL.  This  seems,  formerly,  to  have  been 
an  appellation  common  to  both  sexes.  Many 
etymologists  deduce  the  word  from  the  Su.  Goth. 
Karl,  'a  man.'  It  means  a  young  female,  (L.) 
FiVia,  from  jiXeiv,  'to  love.'     (F.)  Fille. 

GIROFLEx  see  Eugenia  earyophyUata. 

(!  I  HO  II.  HE  JAUNE,  Chei'ranthus  cheiri. 

GIROLE,  Sinm  sisarum. 

GJROy,  Arum  maculatum. 

GIR8LE,  Cartilage. 

GI8N,  Anbelatio. 

<;  [8SA,  Cynancbe  parotidsea. 

GIZZARD,  Ventriculus  callosus. 

GIZZEN,  see  Parturition. 

GLABELLA,  Mesopbryon. 

GLABELLAD,  see  Glabellar. 

GLABEL'LAR,  from  glabella,  'the  space  be- 
tween the  eyebrows.'  An  epithet  for  an  aspect 
towards  the  glabella. — Barclay.  Glabi  ttad  is  used 
adverbially    by    the    same   writer    to    signify    '  to- 

wards  the  glabellar  ae] 

GL  iBRFTIES,  Calvities. 
.    GLACE,  I  ••. 

GLACIALS,  Meaembryanthenram  crystalli- 
num. 

GLAC1  ILIS  HUMOR,  Crystalline 

GLACIES,  I  i  . 

<;  LA  DI'OLUS,diminutive  of gladiue,  'a  sword,' 
from  the  -word  like  shape  of  its  leaf.  Maoberioa 
— g.  Cserulens,  Iris  Germaniea. 


GLADIUS 


424 


GLANDULAR 


Gladi'olus     Commu'.nis,    G.    vnlga'ris,    Victo- 
r la' lis  rotnn' 'da  seu  femine' 'a,Comflag,(B \)Glayeul. 

Ord.  Iridia?.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  been 
considered  aphrodisiac.  Applied  in  cataplasms, 
it.  lias  been  extolled  against  scrofulous  tumours. 

Gladiolus  Luteus,  Iris  pseudacorus — g.  Vul- 
garis, G.  communis. 
GLADIUS,  Penis. 
GLAMA,  Lippitudo,  Chassie. 
GLAND,  Glan'dula,  Gran'dula,  (diminutive  of 
glans,  *  an  acorn,  a  kernel.')  Aden.  The  ancient 
anatomists  gave  this  name  to  a  number  of  organs 
of  a  texture  generally  soft,  and  a  shape  more  or 
less  globular,  but  differing  greatly  in  their  nature 
and  functions.  They  applied  it,  for  instance,  1. 
To  those  organs  which  separate  from  the  blood, 
any  fluid  whatever.  When  such  organs  were 
composed  of  several  lobules,  united  by  common 
vessels,  they  received  the  name  conglomerate 
<j!<t)i<h,  as  the  parotid,  pancreas,  &c.  2.  To  the 
reddish  and  spongy,  knot-like  bodies,  which  are 
met  with  in  the  course  of  the  lymphatics.  These 
they  called  conglobate  glands  :  —  see  Ganglion, 
{lymphatic  ;)  and  3dly  and  lastly,  to  various  other 
organs,  whose  intimate  texture  and  functions  are 
still  unknown,  as  the  Pineal  gland,  Pituitary 
gland,  Glands  of  Pacehioni,  Thyroid  gland,  Thy- 
mus gland,  Supra -renal  glands,  &C  Chaussier 
restricts  the  word  gland  to  those  softish,  granular, 
lobated  organs,  composed  of  vessels,  and  a  parti- 
cular texture,  of  which  there  are  in  the  human 
body,  the  lachrymal,  salivary,  and  mammary,  the 
testicles,  the  liver,  pancreas,  and  kidneys.  These 
permanent  glands,  or  glands  with  permanent  ducts, 
are  all  destined  to  draw  from  the  blood  the  mole- 
cules necessary  for  the  formation  of  new  fluids, 
and  to  convey  these  fluids  externally,  by  means 
of  one  or  more  excretory  ducts.  Several  glands, 
besides  their  excretory  ducts,  have  especial  reser- 
voirs, in  which  the  fluids,  secreted  by  them,  col- 
lect, remain  for  a  greater  or  less  space  of  time, 
and  undergo  slight  modifications  before  being 
evacuated;  —  such  are,  the  gall-bladder  for  the 
liver,  the  urinary  bladder  for  the  kidneys,  &c. 
Each  gland  has  an  organization  peculiar  to  it, 
but  we  know  not  the  intimate  nature  of  the  glan- 
dular texture. — Malpighi  believed  that  the  ves- 
sels terminate  in  small,  solid  masses,  to  which  be 
gave  the  name — glandular  grains  or  acini.  In 
these,  he  considered,  the  excretory  ducts  originate. 
Ruysch  thought  that  the  glands  are  entirely  vas- 
cular, and  that  the  excretory  ducts  are  immedi- 
ately continuous  with  the  vasa  afferentia,  &c.  The 
best  view,  perhaps,  is,  that  the  exhaling  or  secre- 
ting vessel  is  distributed  on  the  animal  membrane, 
which  forms  the  blind  extremity  of  the  excretory 
duct,  and  that  the  secretion  is  effected  through 
it  by  means  of  cells. 

The  term  glande  (F.)  is  sometimes  appropriated 
to  the  tumour  formed  by  inflammation  or  engorge- 
ment of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

GLAND,  Glans — g.  Accessory,  of  the  Parotid, 
see  Parotid  —  g.  Anteprostatic,  see  Cowper's 
glands — g.  Blood,  see  Ganglion — g.  Globate,  Con- 
globate gland  —  g.  Prostate,  Prostate  —  g.  Sali- 
vary, abdominal,  Pancreas. 
GLANDAGE,  Adenophyma. 
GLANDE,  Gland  —  g.  Thyroide,  see  Thyroid 
gland — g.  Vulvaire  conglomeree,  Cowper's  glands 
in  the  female — g.  Vulvo-vaginale,  Cowper's  glands 
in  the  female. 

GLANDERS,  Equinia— g.  Farcy,  see  Equinia; 
GL  ANDES  BRONCHLQUES,  Bronchial 
glands — g.  Cernmineuses,  Ceruminous  glands — g. 
Cf,ngli)bees,  Conglobate  glands  —  g.  de  Cowper, 
Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g.  de  Croissance, 
Waxing  kernels — g.  de  Jjittre,  see  Sebaceous 
glands — g.  de  Meibomius,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 


g.  de  Jfery,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g.  de 
Pacehioni,  Pacehioni,  glands  of. 

GLANDIFORM  CORPUSCLE,  Acinus— g. 
ganglion,  see  Ganglion. 

GLANDIUM,  Thymus. 

GLANDS,  see  Quercus  Alba  —  g.  Accessory, 
Cowper's  glands — g.  Aggregate,  Peyeri  glandula? 
— g.  Agminated,  Peyer's  glands — g.  Aporic,  Gan- 
glions, glandiform  —  g.  Blind,  Ganglions,  glandi- 
form— g.  of  Bartholinus,  Cowper's  glands  in  the 
female  —  g.  Brunner's,  see  Brunner's  glands  —  g. 
Cowper's,  see  Cowper's  glands — g.  Diapnogenous, 
see  Perspiration  —  g.  Ductless,  see  Ganglion  —  g. 
of  Duverney,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g. 
Havers's,  Synovial  glands — g.  Lenticular,  Lentic- 
ulares  glandular  —  g.  Lieberkiihn's,  Lieberkiihn's 
glands,  see  Intestine  —  g.  Miliary,  Sebaceous 
glands — g.  of  Naboth,  Nabothi  Glandulae — g.  Oil, 
Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  of  Pacehioni,  Glandulae 
Pacehioni — g.  Permanent,  see  Gland — g.  Peyer's, 
Peyeri  glandulae  —  g.  Renal,  Capsules,  renal  —  g. 
Sebaceous,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Solitary, 
Brunner's  glands — g.  Sudoriparous,  see  Perspira- 
tion— g.  Sweat,  see  Perspiration. 

Glands,  Tem'porary,  Glands  without  perma- 
nent orifices.  Glands,  that  consist  of  a  single 
primary  vesicle  or  sacculus,  which,  having  ela- 
borated a  secretion  in  its  interior,  bursts,  dis- 
charges it,  and  disappears.  The  Graafian  vesi- 
cles and  the  gland  cells  afford  examples  of  these. 
Glands  of  Tyson,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 

—  g.  Vascular,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  of  Vesalius, 
Bronchial  glands — g.  of  Willis,  Albicantia  corpo- 
ra, Mammillary  tubercles. 

GLANDULA,  Gland  — g.  ad  Aures,  Parotid— 
g.  Avicennae,  Encystis  —  g.  Bartholiniana,  Sub- 
lingual gland  —  g.  Basilaris,  Pituitary  gland  —  g. 
Colli,  Tonsil  —  g.  Innominata  Galeni,  Lachrymal 
gland — g.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  gland — g.  Lac- 
tifera.  Mammary  gland  —  g.  Mticosa,  Conglobate 
gland  —  g.  Pinealis,  Pineal  gland  —  g.  Pituitosa, 
j   Pituitary  gland — g.  Riviniana,  Sublingual  gland 

—  g.  Salivalis  abdominis,  Pancreas  —  g.  Socia 
Parotidis,  see  Parotid  —  g.  Thymus,  Thymus — g. 
Thyreoidea,  Thyroid  gland. 

Glandule  Acinose, see  Acinus — g.  Agminatse, 
Peyeri  glandulae — g.  Articulares,  Synovial  glands 
— g.  Assistentes,  Prostate — g.  Brunneri,  Brunner's 
glands — g.  Cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulae — g. 
Coronae  penis,  see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Cowper's, 
Cowper's  glands  —  g.  Durae  matris,  G.  Pacehioni 
— g.  Durae  meningis,  G.  Pacehioni — g.  in  Agmen 
congregatae  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glandule — g. 
Intestinales,  Peyeri  glandulae  —  g.  Lieberkiihni- 
anae,  Lieberkiihn's  glands — g.  Littrianae,  see  Se- 
baceous glands  —  g.  Meibomianae,  Meibomius, 
glands  of — g.  Mucosae  coagminatae  intestinorum, 
Peyeri  glandulae  —  g.  Muciparae  racematim  con- 
gestae  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glandulae  —  g.  Myrti- 
formes,  Carunculae  myrtiformes  —  g.  Odoriferae 
glandis,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Odoriferae 
penis,  see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Odoriferae  Tysoni, 
see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Pacehioni,  Pacehioni, 
glands  of — g.  Peyerianae,  Peyeri  glandula?  —  g. 
Plexiformes,  Peyeri  G. — g.  Prostatas  mulierum, 
see  Corpus  glandulosum  mulierum  —  g.  Sebaceae 
ciliares,  Meibomius,  glands  of — g.  Sebaceae  glan- 
dis, see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Solitariae,  Brunner's 
glands  —  g.  Spuria?,  Peyeri  glandulae.  Ganglions, 
glandiform — g.  Sudorifera?,  see  Perspiration — g. 
Suprarenales,  Capsules,  renal  —  g.  Tubulosae.  see 
Tubular — g.  Tysoni,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 

—  g.  Uterina?,  Utricular  glands  —  g.  Utriculares, 
Utricular  Glands  —  g.  Vascnlosa?,  Conglomerate 
glands — g.  Vesaliana?,  Bronchial  glands. 

GLANDULAIRE,  Glandular. 
GLAND'ULAR,     Glandularis,     Glandulo'sns, 
(F.)   Glandulaire,   Glanduleux.     Having  the  ap- 


G  LANDUL E 


426 


GLOBULE 


p<\nrnn<v.  form,  <>r  texture  "f  Glands  :  as  a  glan- 
dufar  body,  a  glandular  te.xtur 

ti,  v-  DD1  LB    Si  Ml  IKCl    Of   Tin:    Kii>n: 
Kidney. 

GLANDULE    OF   MALPIGHI,  see   Corpora 

Malnig 

01  I  VPULEUX,  Glandular. 

GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS.  Ruyscb  gives 
to  fleshy  excrescences  which  he  found 
in  tin.  bladder. 


OLENITIS,  Pbacitis. 

GLENN'S     SPRINGS,    see    South    Carolina, 
Mineral  waters  <>t". 

GLENOID,  (JU'mo. 

Glk'noid,  Glenoid'al,  Glendida'lis,  Glen 
Gleno'des,  GlennVdeus,  from  }>v»'7.  and  uc'u?,  're- 
semblance.'  (F.)  Glindide,  Glinoidale,  GlinoY- 
'li.ii.  Any  shallow,  articular  cavity,  yAijvij,  yktt«, 
which  reoeivea  the  head  of  a  bone;  such  ;i-.  1. 
The  glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  Bcapula, 
qlenoidea,  Omocot'yli,  Acetabulum  hu'meri,  Cav'i- 


\y  Dl  LOSUS,  Glandular. 
GLAXS   genitive  glandis,  ('  an  acorn/)    Bal'a-     tas    hu'meri    glenoldes,   Entypo sis,  is    Situ 

'  t'tamn,  Ouspis,  Caput,  G.  Pent*,  Genita'li     the  anterior  angle  of  the  scapula;  aid  is  arti- 

(7/anrf.     The  extremity  of  the  penis     culated  with  the  head  of  the  humerus.     2.  The 

litoris.    The  glans  penis  is  of  a  coni-     glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  temporal  bone.     It 

•btly  Battened   shape.     It   is   continuous     is  Beated  between  the  two  routs  of  th^  zygomatic 

with  the  urethra,  which  oven?  at   its  apex;  and     process,  and  receives  the  condyle  of   the  lower 

is  circumscribed  by  a  projecting  edge,  called  the    jaw. 

Cnrn'na  glandis,   behind    which  is   a   depression. 

Odium  seu  Sulcus  retroglandula'ris.    It  is  covered 

membrane,  is  furnished,  at  its 

base,   with    sebaceous  follicles,  called   glan'dula 

odori/'era    Tyso'ni,    the   secretion    from  which   is 

term*  d  Smt  /■""  prepu'tii :  and  can, almost  always, 

red  by  the  reflection  of  the  skin,  called  the 

.  ustly,  it  is  formed  of  a  spongy  texture, 

1,1,.  of  being  thrown  into  erection. 

Glans.  Bronchocele,  Pessary,  Suppository. 

Gi  \---  Clitor'idis    is   smaller.     It  is   imper- 

and   likewise  covered  with   a  sort  of  pre- 

rmed  by  the   mucous    membrane    of   the 

vulva. 

GLANS  JoVIB  THE0PHRA8TI,  FagUfl   enstanoa — 
g.  rin:e.  Olecranon— g.  Unguentaria,  Guilandina 
moringa,  Myrohalanus. 
GLAREA.  Gravel. 
<i  1.  ^SS,  Yitrum. 

GLA1  BER'S  SALTS,  Soda,  Bulphate  of. 
GL  IUCEDO,  Glaucoma. 
QLAUCO'MA,    from    y>av>cos,   'sea-green.' 
fflauco  itarac'ta  glauca,  Oc'ulus 

.  Ca'sius,  Phtharma  glauco'ma,  Parap'sis\ 
atauco'ais,  Apoglauco'sis.  Amongst  the  older 
pathologists,  this  word  was  used  synonymously 
with  cataract.  It  i<  now  ordinarily  applied  to 
opacity  <•;'  the  vitreous  humour  <>r  of  the  tunica 
byalojdea,  which  manifests  itself  by  a  grayish, 
or  greenish  Bpot,  apparent  through  the  pupil 
.■morally  difficult;  and  the  dis- 
t.i-.  ways  incurable. 

Gl  \  ri  hm  \  Wort.HOi  si,  Catanu  t. 

(i! 

QLAYEUL,    Gladiolus   vulgaris —<7-    Puant, 
Iris  fcetidissiraa. 

GLECHO'M  \     HEDER  \'<  !"  \.    G.    hirsn'ta, 

Nep'etn    glerho'ma,    ffeder'ttla,    Chama?cle'ma,    C. 

Calami n'iha    hedera'cea,    Calamin'ta 

humi/'inr,  Chamaris'su*,  Hed'era  terres'tris,  Nep'- 

lerhn'ma,    Panac.e'a    /><<'t<>ri<.    Ground-ivy, 

GUl-gn-by-ground,  Alehoof,  Robin  runaway, 

I  itre,     Terrette,    Rondote,   Herbe 

Jean.     This   plant — Ord.  Labiata has  a 

_•  smell,  and  a  bitterish,  somewhat  aromatic. 
:  -,|  e\j  ectorant   and 

nOMA    RIRSUT  \.  <J.  hederacea. 

GliKCIION,  Mentha  pnlegium. 

GLECHONI'TIS.      Win.-,    impregnated    with     rega 
theGlechon,  y\T)%uv,  mentha  pnlegium  or  penny- 
royal. 

(.1  <  us. 

».  LEE T.  see  Gonorrhoea. 

<;  I, KM  B,  Ghassie,  Lippitudo. 

GLENE,  yXi7W».    The  pupil.     The  anterior  part 

of  the  eye.     The  eyeball.     The  eye.     A irding 

j  -talline    lens.      Al.-o,  a  glenoid 

rity. 

OLE!  philis. 


t.i  enoid  Lic'amknt.  (F.)  Ligament  GlSndidien, 
is  a  fibro-cartilaginous  ring  or  bourrelet,  which 

rmed  by  the  expansion  of  the  tendon  of 

I  head  of  the  biceps  brachialis,  and  sur- 
rounds  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  the 
depth  of  which  it  increases. 

GLENOlDALE,  Glenoid. 

GLEYED,  sec  Strabismus. 

GLIADINE,  Elaematln. 

GLISCHRAS'MA,  Glis'ckrotes,  from  y\irxpai- 
>u>,  (yAm,  'glue.'J  '  1  become  glutinous.'  Lentor, 
viflOidity.  —  Hippocrates. 

GLISCHRO<  H'OLUS,  from  y\iaXt-os,  'viscid,' 
and  xuXi'  'hile.'  An  epithet  for  excrement  which 
is  glutinous  and  bihous. 

GLISCHROTES,  Glischrasma. 

GLISOMARGO,  Greta. 

GUSSEMENT  IT  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

GLISTEK.  Clyster. 

GLOBE,  Bandage  (head) — g.  of  the  Eye,  see 
Eve — g.  Flower,  Cephalam  thus  oecidentalia,  Trol- 
lius  laxus. 

GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globularia 
alvpum. 

GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM,  Globula'ria, 
Montpel'lier  Turbith,  (F.)  Globulaire  purgative, 
furhith  bkmc.  Ord.  Globularia:.  The  haves 
of  this  plant  are  bitter,  and  have  been  used  in 
intermittent*  and  in  constipation.      See  Alypon. 

GLOB*ULE,  Giob'ulus,  Spha'rion,  Sjjhcs'nda. 
A  -mall  <:bd)e. 

Globules  op  thk  Ri.oon,  Blood  globules, 
Blaod-eorpueclen,  Blood-diekf,  Blood-vesicle*, 
Glob'nli  sen  Vesic'ula  sen  Spha' rules  sen  Follic'- 
u/t'seu  Oorpvs'cula sen  Oell'ulasen  Particfnla sen 
Gran'ula  tan'guinis,  (P.)  Globules  </n  sang,  Dis- 
(},i<*  sanguine,  are  small,  circular  bodies,  which 
me  particularly  observable  when  the  transparent 
parts  "f  eold-bloeded  animals  are  examined  by 
,1,,.  ;,i,l  of  the  microscope  j  and  are  met  with  in 
the  blood  of  all  animals.  They  are  circular  in 
the  mammalia,  and  elliptical  in  birds  and  cold- 
blooded  animals  :  are  flat  in  all  animals,  and 
illy  composed  of  a  central  nucleus  enclosed 

in  a  membranous  b»o.  '  Chemically,  they  consist 
ofhaeraatin  and  globulin — hamato-globulin.    The 

chemical    composition    of    the    nucleus,    where    it 

exists,— it  does  not  in  man,— has  been  by  »o«*8 
rded   as    fibrin;    by    others,    as   fat:    and    by 
others,  again,  as  a  Bpecies  of  horn,  to  which  the 
name  nuclt  <'"  has  been  given. 

SlEfl    OF    TI1K    GLOBUI.KS. 

1.1700th  part  of 
mi  Inch. 


Sir  E.  Home  and   Baner,  v%ith 
colouring  matter 

KUer 

Sir  E.   Home  and   Pane,-,  with- 
out colouring  matter , 

M--n  .r  1.2800  tu  1.3506 

Mandi".'.;'//r".rr.*.. i.-^;m,  uim 


1.1930 

1.2000 


GLOBULE   DARAXTIUS        42G 


GL0SS0-EP1GL0TTIC 


Hodgkin,  Lister,  and  Rudolpbi,  1.3000 

Sprengel, 1.3000  to  1.3500 

Cavallo 1.3000  to  1.4000 

Donne 1.3150  to  1.3280 

Jurin  and  Gulliver 1.3240 

Bluinenbach  and  Senac 1.3330 

Tabor 1.3600 

Milne  Edwards 1.3900 

Wagner 1.4000 

Kater 1.4000  to  1.6000 

PreVost  and  Dumas 1.4056 

Haller,  Wollaston,  and  Weber...  1.5000 
Young 1.6060 

Besides  these,  tbe  blood  contains  white  glo- 
bules, (F.)  Globules  blancs,  Leucocytes,  which  are 
probably  lymph  and  chyle  corpuscles  in  process 
of  development  into  red  corpuscles. 

Dried  blood  globules  of  the  ox  have  been  given 
internally  in  cases  of  anaemia. 

GLOBULE  D'ARANTIUS,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — g.  du  San;/.  Globule  of  the  blood. 

GLOBULES  BLANCS,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood — g.  Ganglion,  see  Xeurine —  g.  Chyle,  see 
Chyle — g.  Lymph,  see  Lymph  —  g.  Milk,  see 
Milk  —  g.  Mucous,  see  Mucus  —  g.  Pus,  see  Pus 
— g.  Pyoid,  see  Pus. 

GLOBULI  ARTERIARUM  TERMINI,  see 
Acinus  —  g.  Mammillares,  see  Mammillary  emi- 
nence—  g.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood  —  g. 
Tartari  martiales,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — g.  Tar- 
tratis  ferri  et  lixivia?,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

GLOB'ULIX.  Gloh'uUne,  Blood  ea'sein.  The 
colourless  substance  that  remains  after  the  ab- 
straction of  the  colouring  matter  of  the  blood- 
corpuscle.  It  is  a  peculiar  albuminous  principle. 
The  globulin  of  Berzelius  consists  of  the  enve- 
lopes of  the  blood  globules,  and  of  the  part  of 
their  contents  that  remains  after  the  extraction 
of  the  haematin.  Lecanu  regards  it  as  identi- 
cal with  albumen;  and,  according  to  Mulder,  it 
belongs  to  the  combinations  of  protein.  Robin 
and  Verdeil  consider  it  to  be  albuminose. 

The  term  globulin  is  likewise  given  by  M. 
Donne  to  small  granulations  appertaining  to  the 
chyle,  which  are  observable  in  the  blood  with  the 
microscope.  They  are  small,  white,  roundish,  iso- 
lated or  irregularly-agglomerated  grains  ;  of  about 
the  1-300  of  a  millimetre  in  diameter,  and  are  re- 
garded by  M.  Donne  as  the  first  elements  of  the 
blood  globules.  They  are  the  ichite  granulated 
corpuscles  of  Mandl. 

GLOBULISM,  Homoeopathy. 

GLOBULUS  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid  valves 
—  g.  Xasi,  see  Xasus —  g.  Sanguineus,  Punctum 
saliens — g.  Stapedius  Ossis,  Os  orbiculare. 

GLOBUS  HYSTERICUS,  Angone— g.  Major, 
see  Epididymis  —  g.  Minor,  see  Epididymis  —  g. 
Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

Globus  Uteri'xus.  A  term  applied  by  accou- 
cheurs to  the  round  tumour,  formed  by  the  uterus 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  immediately 
after  delivery. 

GLOMERATE,  Conglomerate. 

GLOM'ERULE.  Glomer'ulus ;  from  glomus,  'a 
clew  of  thread.'  A  ball  or  clew,  formed  by  an 
agglomeration  of  vessels  :  as  Glomerule  of  Malpi- 
ghi :  see  Corpora  Malpighiana. 

GLOMERULI  REXALE3,  Corpora  Malpi- 
ghiana. 

GLOSSA,  Glotta,  'the  tongue.'  The  power  of 
speech.     Speech.     Hence: 

GLOSSAGRA,  Glossalgia. 

GLOSSAL'GIA,  Gloss'agra,  Glottal' gia,  Glott'- 
agra,  from  y\uc:aa,  '  the  tongue,'  and  aXyos,  '  pain.' 
Pain  in  the  tongue. 

GLOSS  ANTS'  CHUM,  Glossanoch'eus,  Glossan'- 


ochum,  from  y^waaa,  'tongue/  and  avtxtiv,  'to 
hold  up.'  An  instrument  for  holding  up  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSAXOCHEUS,  Glossanischum. 
GLOSSANOCHUM,  Glossanischum. 
GLOSS'AXTHRAX,  Pestis  gloss' anthrax,  (F.) 
Boussole,  from  yXwaca,  '  the  tongue,'  and  av$pu(, 
'a  carbuncle.'      Carbuncle  of  the  Tongue.     A  ur- 
ease more  common  in  cattle  than  in  man. 

GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC,  Glossepiglot'tieus.    Re- 
lating to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis,  a*  Li: 
turn  glossepiglott'icum. 

GLOSSIAXUS,  Lingual  muscle. 
GLOSSI'TIS,  from  yXuacra,  'the  tongue,'  and 
itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Glosson'eiis 
inflammato' 'rius,  Angi'na  lingua' ria  sen  lingua'- 
lis,  Injlamma'tio  Lingua,  Inflammation  <■/  the 
tongue,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Lung  lie.  When 
confined  to  the  mucous  membrane,  it  is  of  slight 
iuipurtance.  That  Avhich  affects  the  whole  of  the 
tongue  is  a  serious  disease,  and  requires  the  vigo- 
rous use  of  antiphlogisties.     It  is  rare. 

GLOSSO,  from  y\u>cca,  'the  tongue.'  In  com- 
position, relating  or  appertaining  to  tbe  tongue. 

GLOSSOC'ACE,  from  glosso,  and  kclkos,  'evil.' 
Ulceration  of  the  tongue,  with  symptoms  of  ady- 
namic fever. 

GLOSSOCARCIXO'MA,  Glossoscir'rhus,  Car- 
cino'ma  Lingua?,  from  glosso,  and  tapKiviaua, 
'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS,     Glossocat'nche,     Cata- 
glas'sum,  from  yXwaaa,  '  the  tongue,'  and   Karc^uu 
'I  arrest.'      Lingua?   Deten'tor,  (F.)    Abaisseur  de 
la  langue.     An  instrument,  the  invention  of  which 
is  attributed  to  Paulus  of  ^Egina,  and  which  was 
employed  to  depress  the  tongue,  in  order  to  exa- 
I  mine  diseases  of  the   fauces.     It  was   composed 
I  of  two  branches;  one  of  which  had,  at  its  extre- 
mity, a  plate  for  depressing  the  tongue  :   whilst 
I  the  other,  shaped  like  a  horse-shoe,  was  applied 
I  under  the  chin.     The  finger,  or  the  handle  of  a 
spoon,  or  a  spatula,  is  generally  used  in  similar 
cases.     See  Catagoglossum. 

GLOSSOCE'LE.  from  glosso,   and  ktjXi,   'her- 
nia.'   'tumour.'     Hernia   of    the    Tongue,    Para- 
glos'se,  Prolap'sus  lingua1,    Glossomegis'tus,    Glos- 
\\<sopto'sis.     Projection    of    the    tongue    from     the 
!j  mouth.     It  depends,  generally,  on  an  inflamma- 
i!  tory  swelling  of  tbe  organ.     At  times,  however, 
I  a  chronic   glossocele,  or  sort    of    cedematous  en- 
gorgement,  is   met  with  ;  which    proceeris    to    a 
great  length,  and  deforms  the  dental  arches,  the 
||  lips,  <tc.     Inflammatory  glossocele  must  be  com- 
|  bated    by   antiphlogisties.      In    the    oedematous 
||  kind,  such  as  is  sometimes  caused  by  exces.-i\  e 
salivation,   the  infiltrated  fluid   may   be   pressed 
back  by  the  band  of  the  practitioner,  to  get  the 
tongue  behind  the  teeth;   and  it   may  be  kept 
there  by  a  piece  of  gauze  tied  over  the  mouth. 
The  chronic,  elongated  kind  sometimes  requires 
amputation  of  a  portion  of  the  organ. 
GLOSSOCOMA,  Glossospasmus. 
GLOSSOC'OMOX,    Glossoc'omum,    Glossocomi'- 
on,  from  glosso,  and  ko/uw,  'to  guard.'     The  an- 
cients gave  this  name  to  a  small  case  for  holding 
the  tongues   of  their  wind-instruments.     By  ex- 
tension, it  was  applied  to  the  box  or  cradle  in 
which  fractured  limbs  were    kept.     "We  find,  in 
the  ancient  writers,  a  Glossocomon  of  Hippocrates, 
of  Xymphodorus,  Galen.  &c. 

GLOSSODESMUS.  Frfenum  lingua?. 
GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC.  Glosso-epiglott'ieus. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis. 
Some  anatomists  have  so  denominated  certain 
fleshy  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  base  of  the 
tongue  towards  the  epiglottis.  These  muscles 
are  more  evident  in  some  of  tbe  mammalia  than 
in  man ;  and  their  use  seems  to  be, — to  raise  the 


GLOSSOG  H  A  P  II  V 


427 


GLUTJEUS    MAG 


epiglottis,  and  t  >  remove  it  farther  from  tn 

intorini,  who  described  them 
chins,  calls  ih. 'in  Retracto'ree  Epiglot'tidie. 

.1.1  nc    Lie  \Mi.vr,    Frmnnm   sea 
Free' a  a  Ik  in  epiglot'tidie,  Ligamen'tum  Btembrana'- 
■  'titm  liu/u  i .  1-  of  raucous 

membrane,  which  connect  the  anterior  sir 
the  epiglottis  with  the  root  of  the  tongue, 

GLOS  ■  ■"' pA/a,  from  gloe- 

eo,  and  yt-aifii),   •  a  description.'     An  anatomical 
description  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSO-HYAL.     A  name  given,  by  Geoffroy 
Baint-Uilaire,  to  the  posterior  oornua  of  the  os 

G  Li  >SS<  >L'< >•  I  V.  Qloe*olog"ia,  from  >//»s*n,  anil 

\oyoi,  'a  treatise,'  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on 

igue.     Nomenclature. 

GL0S30L  YSIS,  G   teeople'gia,  Paral'yeie  lin- 

gn(r.  P.  Nervi  hypogloaei,  from  gloeeo,  and  Aum?, 

'solution.'     Paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOM  VNTT'A.  Progno'eieex  lingud, from 
utdfuwrM,  'divination.'     Prognosis  from 
•  ■  of  the  tongue. 
i,  I.  >SS  (MEGISTUS,  Glossocele,  Paraglossa, 
(;!.  >SSON  CI  S,  from  gloeeo,  and   oyKos,  'tu- 
mour.'      /  ri«    lingua.       Swelling    of    the 
tongue. 
i ; !  issonccs  [nflammatortus,  Glossitis. 

►AL  ITINUS,  Glosso-staphylinus— 
g.  Pharyngeal,  Glosso-pharyngeus,  Pharyngo- 
glo-:<:ii  — g.  p.  Nerve,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve. 

GLOSSO-  PHARYNGE'US,     Gloaeo- pharyn- 
geal, from  gloaeo,  and  <}apvy%,  'the  pharynx.'    IV- 
longing  to  the  tongue  and  pharynx.    Some  anato- 
signate  certain  Beshybundles,  which 
iral  parts  of  the    base  of  the 
.  and  are  inserted  into  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.     They  form  part  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
rvn _'■<  superior. 

'  GLOSSOPLEGIA,  Glossolysis. 
GLO  3  sele. 

GLOSSOSCIRRHUS,  Glossoeareinoma. 
GLOSSOSCOP'IA,  from  gloaeo,  and   okokeu,  'I 
view.'     Inspection  of  the  tongue  as  an   index  of 

G  LOSSOSPAS'MUS,  Gloetoco'ma,  Spaemne 

liii'i/nrr.  from  glotso,  and  asairpos,  '  spasm.'  Cramp 
no  of  ihe  tongue. 
GLOSSOSPA'THA,    Spat'ula    pro    ore,   from 
and  aruOn,  'spatula.'     A  spatula  for  press- 
ing down  the  tongue  to  enable  the  fauces  to  be 
ned. 

3TAPHYLFNUS,   from   erfosso,   and 
.'the  uvula.'     Gloaeopalati'nue,   Pala'to- 
\8tric'tor   Tathmi   Fau'cium.      A   small. 
thin,  narrow,  and  long  musele,  which  arises  from 
the  lii--'  of  tli.-  tongue,  and  is  inserted  at  the  in- 
ferior and  lateral  part   of  the  velum  palati,  in  t lie 
r  pillar  of  which  it  is  situate.     It- 
tract  tli.-  isthmus  faueium,  by  depressing 
,  an  I   raising  the  base  of  the 
tongue. 
GLOSSOSTERE'SIS,  Lingua  xrtlrpa'tio,  from 
ml   mptjnf,    'privation.'      Extirpation   of 
■ 

GLOSSOSTROPH'l  \.  from  gloaeo,  and  orPc<pu>, 

'I  turn.'     Doubling  of  tli.-  point  of  the  tongue 

i  backwards, — Baud  to  have  been  a 

SSOT'OMx"  '       '■'".  from  git* 

rt\i\av,  '  to  cut'     Dissecdjon  of  the  tongue.     Am- 
m  of  tli.-  tonsrae. 
GLOSSYPBRTROPH'IA,    from    glo—o,    and 
and  T  i.    'to    nourish.'      Hypr- 

mpernutrition  of  the  ton 
GLOTTA. 
GLOTTAGRA,  G 

ilgia, 


I  IIS.    yWnj,    ('the    mouth-piece    of   a 
I    ,  .    -.   A  smaJl  oblong  aperture,  m  the  la- 
rynx, comprised  between  the  ekordm  vocalee.    It  is 
narrow,  anteriorly  :  wider,  posteriorly  :  and  is  ca- 
pable of  being  modified  by  muscular  contraction, 

as    may    he    required    by    the    voice.       It    is    by  the 
chorda-    vocales.    that    voice    is    produced.      The 
glottis  is  nearly  an  inch   long  in   the  adult  male: 
the  female  and  child. 

Glottis  i-,  by  some,  nsod  synonymously  with 

ventricle  of  the  larynx:  with  others,  it  includes 
the  p  nole  of  the  larynx. 

Glottis,  Lips  of  thk,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments— g.  Spasm  <d'  the.  Asthma  thymicum. 

OLOVGLOV  in 7NB  BOUTEILLS,  Gurg- 
ling. 

GLOUTEROX,  Arctium  Lappa— a.  Petit, Xan- 
thium. 

GLOUTIUS,  Gluteal— g.  Maximus  et  extimus, 
GlutOBUS  maximus — g.  Secundus  et  medius,  (\\\\- 
tSSUS  medius — g.  Teriius  et  intimus,  GlutCBUS  Uii- 
nimus. 

GLOUTON,  Glutton. 

GLOWWORM,  Cicindela. 

GLUANT,  Glutinous. 

GLUC0GEN1  \.  Glycogeny. 

GLUCOGENESIS,  Glycogeny. 

GLUCOSE,  Glycoee,  from  yAt>*uj,  'sweet.' 
Grape,  Fruit,  Starch,  and  Honey  sugar.  A 
variety  of  BUgar,  that  occurs  naturally  in  many 
lie  juices,  and  in  honey.  Compared  with 
cane  sugar,  it  is  much  less  soluble  in  water,  and 
less  disposed  to  crystallize:  and.  when  injected 
into  the  blood-vessels,  does  not  pass  off  to  the 
like  extent  by  the  kidneys.  Diabetic,  Wrutary, 
and  //. patic  sugar  appear  to  have  the  same  che- 
mical composition. 

GLUCOSURIA,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLUE  BONE,  Osteocolla. 

GLUE   FISH.  Ichthyocolla. 

GLUMPOT,  Gallipot. 

GLUT.EUS  MAGNUS,  G.  major  —  g.  Major, 
(J.  maximus. 

Glut je' us  Max'imts.  G.  major  sen  magnni, 
Mnximua  et  ex'timuB  glou'tiue,  (F.)  Muscle  grand 
/easier,  ffio-sacro-fSmoralj  Saero-ffmoral,  (Ch.), 
from  yXovroi,  'the  buttock,'  'the  breech.'  This 
nius.de  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
pelvis,  and  at  the  upper  and  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  It  is  large,  thick,  and  quadrilateral;  and 
is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crista  ilii,  to  the  part  of  the  ilium  comprised  be- 
tween the  crista  and  the  upper  curved  line,  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  coccyx,  and  gri  at 
-iatic  ligament:  and  below,  it  terminates 
by  a  broad  aponeurosis,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  rugged  surface  that  descends  from  the  tro- 
chanter major  to  the  linea  aspera  of  the  femur. 
This  muscle  extends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards.  It  is  greatly  con- 
cerned in  station  and  progression. 

GLUT.+:'rs  Me'dius,  Glou'tiut Secun'dut 
dins,  (F.)  Wo-trochantSrien :  Grand  flio-trochaii- 
ti'ri'u,  (Ch.,)  Moyen  Feeeier,     This  muscle   i-  .-i- 
tuate  in  part  beneath  the  preceding;  it  is  broad, 
very  thick,  radiated,  and   triangular;   attached, 

above,   to   the   crista   ilii,   ami    to   the   pari   of    the 

..iit.-r  surface  of  that  bone  comprised  between  ihe 

three  anterior  fourths  of  its  cri-ta,  iis  upper 
curved  line,  and  its  lower:   ami  I, <  loir,  it  ends  by 

a  tendon,  inserted  at.  the  upper  edge  of  tin;  grent 
trochanter.  It  is  an  abductor  of  the  thigh;  but 
••an  turn  the  thigh  outwards  or  inwards,  accord- 

•-  posterior  or   inferior   film-   are    thrown 
separately  into  contraction. 

lil.i    I    l.'i   9       MlN'lMIs,       G.       minor,       '1',,'tiu*     it 

In'timiu  Glau'tiue,  (  F. )  Petit  /'•  tier  ;  —  Ilio. 
itchii-trochantirien,  Petit  Ilio-trochanttrien  ^Ch.) 


GLUTEAL 


428 


GXATIIITIS 


This  muscle,  which  is  situate  beneath  the  preced- 
ing, is  flat,  triangular,  and  with  radiated  fibres. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  external  surface  of 
the  os  ilii,  from  the  inferior  curved  line  to  the 
acetabulum  ;  and.  below,  is  inserted  into  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  has  the 
same  uses  as  the  preceding. 

Gli't.ei  s  Minor,  G.  minimus. 

GLU'TEAL,  Glou'tius,  Glutei' vs.  Same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Fessier.  That  which  belongs  or  re- 
lates to  the  nates.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
many  parts  which  compose  the  nates. 

Gluteal  Apoxeuko'sis.  The  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  femoral  fascia.  In  it  is  a  remarkable 
opening,  called  the  gluteal  arch,  for  the  passage 
of  the  gluteal  vessels  and  nerves. 

Gluteal  Arch,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis. 

Gluteal  Artery,  Poste'rior  Il'iac  Artery, 
(F.)  Arte  re  fevniere,  is  one  of  the  largest  branches 
of  the  hypogastric.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis  at  the  upper  part  of  the  superior  sciatic 
foramen  :  gains  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis, 
and  divides  into  two  branches  :  —  the  one  super- 
ficial, the  other  deep-seated.  The  last  subdivides 
into  three  secondary  branches,  whose  ramifica- 
tions are  distributed  particularly  to  the  Glutei, 
Longissimus  Dor  si,  Sacro-lumbalis,  <tc,  and  anas- 
tomose with  the  sciatic  and  internal  circumflex 
arteries. 

Gluteal  Xerve,  (F.)  Nerf  Fessier,  is  a  large 
branch,  furnished  by  the  5th  pair  of  lumbar 
nerves.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  glutaei 
muscles. 

Gluteal  Vein,  (F.)  Yeine  fessiere,  follows  the 
same  march  as  the  artery  of  the  same  name. 

GLUTEX,  Glu'tinum,  Lentor,  'glue,  paste.' 
Veg"etablc  Gluten,  Veg" ' etable  Ca'sein.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  soft,  of  a 
grayish  white,  viscid  consistence,  and  very  elastic. 
Exposed  to  the  air,  it  becomes  hard,  brown,  and 
fragile;  and,  in  moist  air,  putrefies.  Water  and 
alcohol  do  not  dissolve  it.  It  is  soluble  in  vege- 
table, and  in  weak  mineral,  acids,  at  a  high  tem- 
perature. The  farinae,  in  which  it  is  found,  are 
those  preferred  for  the  preparation  of  bread;  on 
account  of  the  property  it  has  of  making  the 
paste  rise.  It  is  a  compound  of  protein,  and 
hence  has  been  ranged  amongst  the  "  proteina- 
ceom  alimentary  principles'  by  Dr.  Pereira.  By 
Avashing  wheaten  dough  with  a  stream  of  water, 
the  gum,  sugar,  starch  and  vegetable  albumen 
are  removed:  the  ductile,  tenacious,  elastic,  gray 
mass  left  is  the  gluten,  common  gluten,  Beccaria's 
gluten.  Pure  gluten  is  the  soluble  portion  on 
boiling  common  gluten  in  alcohol.  Granulated 
gluten,  Gluten  granule,  is  a  paste  made  by  adding 
wheat  gluten  to  ordinary  wheat.  It  is  said  to 
form  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  aliment. 

Glutex  Articulohum.  Synovia — g.  Beccaria's, 
see  Gluten  —  g.  Bread,  see  Bread,  gluten  —  g. 
Common,  see  Gluten — g.  Granulated,  see  Gluten 
— g.  Granule,  see  Gluten — g.  Pure,  see  Gluten. 

GLUTI,  Xates. 

GLUTIA.  Xates,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

GLUTIX,  see  Gelatin. 

GLUTIXAXS.  Agglutinant. 

GL  UTIXA  TIF,  Agglutinant, 

GLUTIXATIO,  Agglutination. 

GL  FTIXEFX,  Glutinous. 

GLU'TIXOUS,  Glutino'sns,  Collo'des,  from 
qlnten,  'paste,  glue.'  (F.)  Glutineux,  Glnant. 
An  epithet  given  to  substances  taken  from  the 
animal  or  vegetable  kingdom,  and  endowed  with 
unusual  viscidity.  The  decoctions  of  marsh- 
mallows,  and  figs,  and  the  jelly  of  hartshorn,  are 
said  to  be  glutinous. 

GLUTIX UM,  Gluten. 

GLUTI'TIS,   from   yXovroi,  'the   nates,'   and 


itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
nates. 

GLUTOL.  Xates. 

GLUTOPYO'SIS.  from  y\ovroi,  'the  nates,' and 
TTvuais,  'suppuration.'     Suppuration  of  the  nates. 

GLUTTOX,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Gas- 
trimar'gns,  Gnathon,  Hil'luo,  ifando,  Gulo'sus, 
Lurco,  Bellygod,  (F.)  Glouton,  Gourmand,  Goulou. 
An  excessive  eater. 

GLUT'TOXY,  from  glufio,  'I  swallow,' gluttus, 
'the  gullet.'  Limo'sis  Helluo'num,  Gastris' mus, 
(F.)  Gourmand ise.  Excessive  appetite,  owing 
often  to  habitual  indulgence. 

GLUTTUPATEXS,' Stomach. 

GLUTTUS,  Oesophagus. 

GLUTUS,  Trochanter  major. 

GLYCAXSIS,  Edulcoration. 

GLYCAS'IMA,  fx-om  y\wcvs,  'sweet.'  A  sweet 
wine,  prepared  from  must. — Linden. 

GLYCERATOX,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCERIX,  see  Fat  —  g.  Butyrate  of,  seo 
Butter. 

GLYCIPICROS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

GLYCI3IDE,  Paaonia. 

GLYCOG"EXY,  Glycogen'ia,  Glycogenosis, 
Glueogen'ia,  Glucogen'esis,  (F.)  Glycogenic,  from 
y\vKvg,  'sweet,'  and  yevcoig,  'generation.'  Gene- 
ration or  formation  of  sugar,  —  as  in  the  liver. 

GLYCOSE.  Glucose. 

GLYCYPHYTOX,  Glvcvrrhiza. 

GLYCYRRHI'ZA.  from  yXvKvs,  'sweet,'  and 
pi^a,  'a  root.'  G.  Glabra  seu  Lcevis,  Liqnorif'ia 
Scyth'ica,  Glycera'tou,  Glycyph'yton,  Adip'sos, 
Alcacas,  Al'imos,  Li  a'  nor  ice,  Lic'orice,  (F.)  Re- 
glisse,  Bois  doux.  Ord.  Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  southern 
European  plant  is  inodorous;  has  a  sweet  taste; 
is  mucilaginous;  and  leaves,  when  unpeeled,  a 
degree  of  bitterness  in  the  mouth.  It  is  used  as 
a  demulcent,  and  chiefly  in  catarrh.  The  extract, 
made  from  it  and  sold  in  the  shops,  is  known 
under  the  name  Spanish  Liquorice  or  Liquorice 
Juice,  (F.)  Jus  de  Reglisse. 

Pectoral  Balsam  of  Liquorice — a  quack  prepa- 
ration—  is  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Paregoric  Elixir,  strongly  impregnated  with  Oil 
of  Aniseed. 

GLYCYRRHCE'A,  from  y\vKvg,  'sweet,'  and 
peu>.  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  saccharine  fluid 
from  the  system. 

Glvcyrrhcea  Urinosa,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLYSTER  HERBS,  H*rba>,  pro  Enem'ate. 
The  herbs  ordinarily  sold  by  the  English  apothe- 
cary under  this  title,  are:  —  mallow  leaves,  one 
part:  chamomile  flowers,  one  part.  (3iss  to  Oj 
of  water). 

GXAYIPSIS,  Curvature. 

GXAPHALIOI  DIOICOL  Antennaria  dioi- 
ca — g.  Plantaginifolium  seu  Plantagineum,  Anten- 
naria plantaginifolia. 

GXAPHALIUM  MaRGARITA'CEUV.  Antenna'ria 
JIargarita'cea,  Cudweed,  Pearly  Life  everlasting, 
from  yva4>a\ov,  'a  lock  of  wool,'  owing  to  the 
floccose  down  of  the  leaves.  An  indigenous  plant, 
growing  in  woods  and  fields,  and  flowering  in  Au- 
gust. Its  virtues  are  not  defined,  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of 

Gxaphalium  Polyceph'alum  ;  Sweet-scented 
Life  everlasting,  Catfoot.  They  appear  to  be 
mild  astringents. 

GXATHALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxillaris. 

GXATHAXCYLO'SIS,  from  yvaOog,  'the  jaw,' 
and  ay<cD>uxn?,  'stiffness  of  joint.'  Ancylosis  of 
the  lower  jaw. 

GXATHAXTROPOL'YPUS,  from  gnothan- 
trum,  'the  antrum  of  Highmore,'  and  polypus. 
Polvpus  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GXATHI'TIS,  Iujlamma'tio  genoe,  from  yvaOog, 


GNATIIM  IS 


4  20 


GOLD 


'the  check,  the  jaw.'  Inflammation  of  the  cheek 
or  upper  jaw. 

9NATHMU8,  Gnathoa. 

<;.\  LTHOCEPH'ALUS,  from  ywtei  'the jaw,' 
i\n.  '  bead.'  A  monster  which  baa  n<>  head 
visible  externally,  but  exhibits  voluminous  ja\>-. 
— <;.  St  Hilaire. 

(IN  ITHOCYNANCHB,  Cynanche  parotidsea, 

GNA  iimx.  (i 

GNATHONEURALGIA,    Neuralgia     maxil- 

GNATH'OPLASTY,      GnatJkoplae'tici,     from 
yvadus.  '  cheek,'  and  rXcmnf,  'formative.'     The 

1.  r:n;i  ticn  of  an  artificial  cheek. 

QNATUOPLS'Ql  \.    Gnatkoparal'yeie,    from 
yvaQoi,  and  wXmyi,  '«  stroke.'     Paralysis  of  the 
cheek.     Gnathoparalyeie  is  employed   by  Foehs 
nify  paralysis  of  the  lesser  portion  of  the 
trifacial  nerve,  which    supplies    the    muscles   of 
mastication. 
GNA THORRHAG"IA,  from  yvado<.  ami  'Pny- 
i  hurst  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  cheeks. 
QNATHOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 
GNAT H US,    Gnatkmutf  from   ryau,   'I  scrape, 
rub.'      >  ■         Also,  the  part  of  the 

jaws  in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed.  —  Hippocrates, 
:ia,  and  Maxillary  Bone. 
GNESIOS,  Legitimate, 
GNOME,  Intellect. 

GNOSIS,    yiuxrts,    'knowledge.'      A    common 
suffix,  as  in  Diaowo'si*,  Proo'ito'stY,  Ac 
GOACON  \X.  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 
OOADBY'6    SOLUTION,    see    Solution, 
Goad1 

ITS'  BB  MID,  COMMON,  Tragopogon. 
GOATS' MILK,    see    Milk,    goats'  —  g.  Milk, 
artificial,  see  Milk,  goats' — g.  Thorn,  Astragalus 
verus. 

GOB,  Mouth. 

90BELET  EMETTQUE,  Goblet,  emetic. 
GOBLIM",  BMET'IC,  Poc'ulum  ewef'tetim,  Co- 
tito'ria,  (P.)  Gobelet  imitique.  A 
made  by  pouring  melted  antimony  into  a  mould. 
liy  putting  wine  into  this  and  allowing  it  to  Btand 
some  time,  it  acquires  the  property  of  producing 
vomiting.  This  kind  of  emetic  has  heen  long 
rejected,  as  the  practitioner  could  never  be  certain 
of  the  dose  be  exhibited. 

GODESBERG,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
These  waters,  erg,  a  German  mile  from 

Bonn,  are  an  efficacious,  acidulous  chalybeate, 
formerly  known  by  the  name.  Draittch  Water. 
They  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
:  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia, 
and  carbonate  "f  iron. 

►PREY'S  CORDIAL.  A  celebrated  nos- 
trum, for  which  Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following 
formula.    Infuse  -\x  of  eamafrae and  of  H 

•atoay,  coriander,  and    aniee,  each   5j,  in 

six  pints  of  tooter.    Simmer  the  mixture  until  re- 

to  thiv:   then  add   lbvj   of  treacle,  and  boil 

the  who!  •  for  ■  few  minutes.     When  sold,  add 

opium.     The  following  form  is 

recoroa  of  the  Philadelphia 

of  Pharmacy.      Tinct.  Opii,0\sa;  Syrupi 

Nigri,  Oxvj ;   Alenholie,  Oij ;  Aqua,  Oxxvj;    Car. 

'mn,  fjiv,  Mi 

GODRON  i..)   Can  a' lis  Petitia'nu* 

dt  1'ktit  on 
goudronni,  Canal  or  Bul'lular  Canal  of  Petit, 
Petit  gave  this  name  (from  1',)  godron,  -a  plait 
or     fold.')     to     the     semicircular     canal,     funned 

i  byaloidea  around  tl  • 

because  it  appi  ai  .  .  plaited 

OLE  EYED,     P  Hav- 


GOITRE,    Bronchocele  —  g.  Leaf,    see    Lami- 
naria. 
GOITRE    STICKS.     In    South  America    the 

steins   of  a   seaweed   are   m>   ea 
arc  chewed  by  the  inhabitants  where  goitre  pre- 
vails.— R 

GOITROl  B,  I'.  Goitnmx.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining  to  goitre.  One  effected  by  goitre  or 
Bronchocele, —  Ooitn  </. 

<;<>1.1>.  Ah' rum,  Chryeoe,  S  '.  Ret  metallo'rum, 
(P.)  Or.  (Sax.)  soD>.  A  solid,  yellow, 
brilliant,  hard,  very  ductile,  malleable,  tenacious, 
and  heavy  metal;  found  in  nature,  cither  in  its 
native  state,  or  combined  with  a  little  silver,  cop- 
per, or  iron. 

Muriate  or  Chloride  of  Gold,  Auri  Chfo'ridum 
sen  Tt  rrhin' ridum  sen  Mu'riae  sen  Chlorure'tum, 
Aiiriuii  Muriat'ictmt  seu  Chlora'tum  sen  Oxydnla'- 
tum  muriat'ieum  Ben  Salt' turn,  (P.)  Chlorun  ou 
Muriate  ou  Hydro-chlorate  (Tor  has  been  ad- 
mitted into  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  and  into  that  of  Paris,  Ac.  The  formula), 
however,  differ.  That  of  the  United  Stal 
muriate  with  two  bases;  and  is  prepared,  accord- 
ing to  the  form  of  Dr.  Chrestien,  by  dissolving 
the  gold  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acid*, 
and  adding  chloride  of  sodium  to  the  residuum 
after  evaporation  ;  then  redissolving  and  evapo- 
rating slowly  to  dryness.  The  Parisian  formula 
for  the  Muriate  (I'm-.  Murias  seu  Chlorure'tum 
Ann',  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the  gold  in 
the  acids,  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  D  has 
been  recommended  as  an  antisyphilitie  in  old.  re- 
bellious, venereal  affections,  exostoses,  and  in  ve- 
nereal, scrofulous  or  cancerous  glandular  enlarge- 
ments. Dose,  gr.  1— St h  to  gr.  ss,  rubbed  on  the 
'■  tongue  or  gums.  Internally,  one-sixteenth  of  a 
grain,  in  pills. 

Various  other  preparations,  as  the  Cy'anide  or 
Tercy'anide,  (Ann'  Cyan'idum  seu  Cyanure'tum 
seu  Tercyan'idum,  (F.)  Cyanure  &<»•;)  the  metal- 
lic gold  in  a  state  of  division  [Atirum  metal' licum, 
Pulvit  Auri,  (F.)  Or  diviti  ou  mitollique,)  ob- 
tained by  amalgamating  gold  with  mercury  and 
driving  the  latter  off  by  heat  :  and  in  the  form  of 
filings  (Aiirum  lima' turn) j  the   Chloride  of  Gold 

ami    Sodium,     (Allium     mu  rial' i<um     unt , mm' tutu 

sen  muriat'ieum  seu  chlora'tum  natro'natumf 
Chlore'tum  Au'ricvm  Chlorr'to  na'trii,  Mu'riun 
Au'rieo-na'tricum,  Chlorure'tum  auri  et  natrii, 
So'dii  auro-terchlo'ridum,  Hydrochlorate  or  muri- 
Gold  and  Soda,  (F.)  Chlorure  d'oretde 
Sodium,  Hydrochlorate  ou  muriate  d'or  et  <  ■ 
Sonde);  the  Nitromuriate  of  Gold,  {Auntm  Xitri- 
co-muriat'icum,  Auri  nitromn'riae,  (F.)  Nitromu- 
riate d'or;)  the  Oxide  of  Gold,  (Auri  Ox'idum, 
Auruin  Oxida'tum,  Auri  terox'idum,  Pen 
gold.  Auric  acid,  (F.)  Oxide  d'or);  and  the  h>- 
dide  of  Cold,  |  Aurt  To'didum  Beu  fodun  'turn,  {  V.) 
Todure  d'or,)  have  been  employed  in  the  like 
affections,  and  with  Bimilar  results. 
Gold-Bi  iter's  Skin.     The  intestine  recta  of 

the  ox,  which  have  been  beaten  quite  smooth,  for 

the  manufacture  of  gold  leaf.     Used  as  a  defen- 
sive dressing  for  slight  outs,  Ac 

Gold,  ChlorIdi  of,  see  Gold— g.  Cyanide  of, 
1  I— g.  Hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Io- 
dide of,  see  Gold — g.  Muriate   of.  see   Gold  —  i.'. 
Nitro-muriau        •      Gold — g.  Oxide  of,  see  Gold 

_'.  peroxide  of,  see  Gold — g  Teroyanide  of,  see 
(Job! — g.  and  Sodium,  chloride  of  oxide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Soda,  hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — 
g.  and  Soda,  muriate  ,,l\  see  Gold. 

GoldLi  if,  Gold  Foil,  Aurum folia1 'turn,  Aurm  < 
in  libel' lie.     Used  to  gild  pills  and  to  pi 
ous  teeth.     The  gold  leaf  or  foil,  uaed  by   the 
dentist  for  filling   teeth,  is  much  thicker  than 

ordinary  gold  leaf. 

Liul.l)  TllltKAl),   Coptis. 


GOLDEN    BUG 


4  30 


GONORRHOEA 


GOLDEN  BUG,  Coceinella  septempunctata  — 
g.  Knop,  Coccinella  septempunetata  —  g.  Rod, 
Solidago  virgaurea —  g.  Rod,  fragrant,  Solidago 
odora  —  g.  Rod,  rigid,  Solidago  rigida —  g.  Rod, 
sweetscented,  Solidago  odora  —  g.  Seal,  see  Ca- 
luinba,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

GOLD  ENS,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

GOLDING,  Calendula  officinalis. 

GOLDSHRUB,  Palicourea  speciosa. 

QOLDWASSER,  see  Spirit. 

GOLFE,  Sinus  —  g.  de  la  Yeine  jugulaire,  see 
Jugular  veins. 

GO  LUNCH  A,  Menispermum  cordifolium. 

GOMBO.  Hibiscus  esculentus. 

GOMJfE,  Gumma,  Gummi — g.  Adragant,  Tra- 
gaeanth — g.  Ammoniaque,  Ammoniac  gum  —  g. 
Arabique,  Acacise  gummi  —  g.  Astringente  de 
Gambie,  see  Butea  frondosa  —  g.  Caragne,  Ca- 
ranna — g.  Carane,  Caranna  —  g.  Elastique,  Ca- 
outchouc—  g.  de  Ga'iac,  Guaiacum  —  g.  de  Gene- 
vrier,  Sandarac — g.  Gettania.  Gutta  Percha — g. 
Gutte,  Cambogia — g.de  Kino,  Kino — g.Lnque,  Lac- 
cn--g.de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  helix — g.  du  Pays, 
Gummi  nostras — g.  Sera  phi  que,  Sagapenum. 

GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gomphias'inus,  from  yofi<pos, 
'a  nail.'  A  disease  of  the  teeth,  and  particularly 
of  the  molares  ;  looseness  of  the  teeth  in  their 
sockets.  Agomphia'sis.  Pain  in  the  teeth. 
Odontalgia. 

GOMPHIASMUS,  Gomphiasis. 

GOMPHTOI.  Molar  teeth. 

GOMPHOCAR'PUS  CRISPUS.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  root  of  which,  formerly  known 
to  the  Dutch  apothecaries  as  Radix  Asclepi'adis 
crispa,  is  extremely  bitter  and  acrid  ;  and,  on 
account  of  its  diuretic  virtues,  a  decoction  or  in- 
fusion of  it  has  been  advised  in  various  kinds  of 
dropsy.  A  tincture  of  it  is  said  to  be  valuable 
in  colic. 

GOMPHOMA.  Gomphosis. 

GO*SlPH.O'$I$,Cardinamen' turn,  Clara' tio,Gom- 
pho'ma,  Coagmetita'tin,  Inclava'tio,  Tncunea'tio, 
from yoji<pog,  'a  nail.'  Engompho'sis.  An  immova- 
ble articulation,  in  which  one  bone  is  received  into 
another,  like  a  nail  or  peg  into  its  hole.  Gom- 
phosis is  only  met  with  in  the  articulations  of  the 
teeth  with  the  alveoli.  It  is,  also,  called  Articu- 
lation par  implantation. 

GOMPHUS.  Clavus. 

GOMUTO  PALM,  see  Toddy. 

GOMUTOS  GOMUTO,  see  toddy. 

GONACRASIA.  Spermatorrhoea. 

GONACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GON'AGRA.  Gon'yagra,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,' 
and  nypa,  'a  prey.'  "That  which  attacks  the 
knees."  Gout  or  rheumatism  in  the  knees. 
Gongorrheu'ma.      Paracelsus  calls  it  Gen'ugra. 

GONAL'GIA,  from  yovv,  'the  knee.'  and  a\yos, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  knee.  Gonyal'gia.  This  is 
almost  always  produced  by  gout.  It  may,  how- 
ever, depend  on  some  other  disease,  either  of  the 
knee  or  of  another  part — particularly  of  the  hip- 
joint. 

GON ARTHRITIS,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,' 
apOpov,  'joint,'  and  itix,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  knee-joint. 

GONARTHROCACE.  Gonocace. 

GONAURA,  see  Sperm. 

GOXDOLE  OCULAFRE.  Scaphium  oculare. 

G ONDRRT'S  AMMONIACAL  CAUSTIC, 
Pommade  de  Gondret — g.  Counter-irritant,  Pom- 
made  de  Gondret. 

GONE,  Gonnt,  G'>nitn'ra.  The  semen:  (hence, 
gonorrhoea) — the  uterus,  offspring. — Hippocrates. 
See  Epi_rone,  and  Generation. 

GONECYSTIDES,  Vesical*  seminales. 

GONECYSTI'TIS.  Inflamma'tin  veticuta'rttm 
semina' Hum,  from  yovn,  'sperm,'  kiotjj,  'bladder,' 


and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  the  vesicuhe  seminales. 

GONEPGBUS,  Snerinatopceus. 

GONEPOETICCS,  Spermatopceus. 

GOXFL EMENT,  Swelling. 

GONGRONA.  Bronchocele. 

GONGROPHTHISrS.  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

GONGYLIDIUM.  Piiula. 

GOXGYLION.  Piiula. 

GONGYLIS,  Piiula. 

GOXIOCATH'ETER,  from  ymvia,  'an  angle,' 
aud  KuQtrnp,  'a  catheter.'  An  angular  or  crooked 
catheter. 

GONIOME'LE,  from  yttvta,  'an  angle.'  and 
un\n-  'a  probe.'  An  angular  or  crooked  probe  or 
sound. 

GONIOM'ETER.  Goniom'etrmn,  from  ywtm, 
'an  angle.'  and  perpov,  'a  measure.'  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  angles. 

A  'Facial  Goniometer'  has  been  invented  by 
Mr.   Turnpenny,  of  Philadelphia,  which  is  well 
I  adapted  for  measuring  the  facial  angle. 

GONOBOLIA,  Ejaculation,  spermatic. 

GONOCACE.  Gonarthroc'ace,  from  yovv,  'the 
knee,'    and     Ka<og,     'evil.'        Tumor     genu     albug. 
.   White  swelling  of  the  knee.     Hydrarthrus. 

GONOCELE,  Spermatocele. 

GONOf'DES,  from  yovn.  'sperm,'  and  utog.  'ap- 

I   pearance.'     Genitu'rce  sini'M*.     Similar  to  sperm. 

\.  Sperm'atoid.  SpermatoY'des.  Spermato'des.   A  term 

!'  appropriated  to  any  substance  which  resembles 

sperm. 

GOXOL'OBUS    MACROPHYL'LUS.   {ymvia, 

'an  angle,'  and  Ao/?o?,  'a  pod'):  indigenous.    Nut, 

Ord.  Asclepiadaceae.     The  root  is  cathartic.     It 

I  is  said  to  furnish  a  juice  with  which  the  Indians 

poison  their  arrows.  [?] 

GONOPOETICUS,  Spermatopceus. 

G  0  X  0  R  RHEE  BATARDE,  Gonorrh  oea 
spuria. 

GONORRHO-BLEPHARRHCEA,Ophthalmia, 
1  gonorrheeal. 

GONORRHO-PROSTATITI3,  see  Prostatitis. 

GONORRHOEA.  Erroneously  called  fmm 
yovn,  'sperm,'  and  peu>,  T  flow,'  because  the  older 
writers  believed  it  to  be  a  flux  of  semen.  Blen- 
norrhag"ia,  Blennorrhce'a.  B.  urethra' lis,  Blen- 
nure'thria,  Phallorrhce'a,  Jfedorrhce'a.  M.  viri'lis, 
Catar'rhus  gonorrhoe'  a  seu  ure'thrce,  Urethritis, 
Indamma'tio  ure'thrce,  Urethral' gift,  Prorln'vium 
muco'sum  ure'thrce,  Catarrhus  urethra'lis,  (F.) 
Ecoulement,  Urethrite,  Uretrite.  An  inflamma- 
tory discharge  of  mucus  from  the  membrane  of 
the  urethra  in  both  sexes:  and  from  that  of  the 
prepuce  in  man,  and  the  vagina  in  woman.  It 
may  be  excited  spontaneously,  or  by  irritants 
applied  directly  to  the  membrane:  but  is  usually 
produced  by  impure  connexion.  Two  great  va- 
rieties have  been  generally  reckoned. — 1.  Gonor- 
rhoea Pcra  seu  Benig'na.  That  which  does 
not  follow  an  impure  connexion:  (F.)  Eehanffe- 
ment,  Blennorrhag"  ia  benigna,  Caulorrha'a 
benig'na,  Catar'rhus  Ure'thrce,  Gonorrhea  ca- 
tarrha'li8  seu  non  contagiosa:  —  and,  2.  Gonor- 
rhoea Impu'ra,  ynalig'na.  contagiosa,  syphilitica, 
et  virulen'ta j  Fluor  albus  malig'nus,  Ftuxus  re- 
ne'reus,  Blennorrha'a  luo'des,  Baptorrho'a, 
Jfyxio'sis,  Lues  gonorrho' ic<t,  Scroph'ufce  gonor- 
rho'icce,  Tuber'cula  gonorrho'ica,  Clap,  (Old  E.) 
Chaicdpys,  (F.)  Chaudepisse ;  that  which  is  the 
result  of  impure  commerce.  The  French,  a! so, 
distinguish  the  Chaudepisse  seche.  or  that  unac- 
companied with  discbarge:  and  the  Chaud>p''s*e 
chordee,  Gonnorrhoe'a  corda'ta,  or  that  accompa- 
nied with  chordee,  and  which,  of  course,  occurs 
only  in  the  male.  It  is  the  kind  that  most  fre- 
quently engages  the  attention  of  the  practitioner, 
and  is  characterized  by  mucous  discharge  from 


CON  OS 


I  B  1 


g  x  pic  m 


the  urethra  or  vagina,  intermixed   with   specific  GOOT  ,'  Mil 

h  burning  pain  on     *pnm,  •!  strike.' 


natter,  and  accompanied  wi 
micturition.  It  is  decidedly  infectious.  It  is, 
hew-ever,  a  distinct  diaeaM  firoio  syphilis,  and 
never  produces  it.  Its  duration  is  rations,  but 
the  inflammatory  Bymptoma  usually  subside  in 
i',.nr  or  the  weeks;  leaving  generally  behind 
more  or  leaa  of  th>'  gonorrhoea  mucosa  <>r  gleet 
Gonorrhoea  of  every  kind,  Attended  with  any 
inflammatory  Bymptoma,  is   I  by  the 


moon. 
GONYON'Cl  S,    from    j  we,    'the   kni 

tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  kn<  a. 
GONYORRHEUMA,  li  >nagra, 
GOOD  KING    HENRY,  Chenopodium  bonua 
Henrietta. 

■  \,\  \    i'  \    PI  BBS  I  EN8,    Tuewa'ea    reti- 
culata,   Satyr'ium,    y>  "it' in,    llnttl,  *,,<i/.  ■ 
[phlogistic  regimen;  avoiding  every  kind  of     Rattlenake  Plantain,  Netw<>rt,Netl*itf,  Scrofula 

irritation,  and   keeping  the  body  < 1  by  Bmall     weed,   <  Ord.  Orchidaeeae.    An  m- 

-.  and  the  urine  diluted  by  the  mild-     digenoua  plant,  used  empirically  w  Bcrofu 
\fter   the   inflammatory    symptoms     fresh  leaves   being  applied  to 
have  subsided,  cubebs,  or  the  balsam  of  copaiba,     employe.!  by  the  Indians, 
exhibited  in  the  dose  of  a  teaspoonful,  three  tim  >SEBERRY,  Ribes  uva  enspa. 

a  day,  will  be  found  effectual:  indeed,  during  the         G  »T,   Chenopodium 

existence  of  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  it  often     — g.  Angular-leaved 
.    i  relief.     Injections  are  rarely  re 


It   is 


-.  gonorrhoea  affects  the  glans; 


trrha 


)PU 


sen  Bal'ani,  B<t- 


led  ' 
Innobh  nnorrhve  'a,    Balannorrhae  '  a,    Balani '  i< 

Jil>  iinm-rhiKj" in    n/,it'rin  sen   HOtha,    (F.)    BUn '"""- 

in  gland,  Gonorrhe'i   b  itardt .  ,' 
uorrkagie.    It  requires  only  cleanliness  and  cool- 
ins.     This  is  the  simple  form  of  balanitis. 
It  may,  however,  be  of  the  impure  kind — Bala- 
netrrhag"ia,  (P.)  Balanite  contagii 

other  varieties  of  gonorrhoea  have  been 
enumerated,  hut  they  are  of  little  moment. 
In  consequence  of  repeated  attacks  of  gonor 
or  of  the  debility  induced  by  a  single  at- 


nthelminticum 
Chenopodinm  bonus  Hen- 
..  Mercury,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henrioua 
— g.  Stinking,  Chenopodium  vtilvaria. 

GOOSEGR  V>>.  Galium  sparine,  G.  rerum. 
GOOSESH  \  RE,  Galium  a  purine. 
G00SESK1  N.  Horrida  cutis. 
GORBELLY,  Physeonia. 
GORDIUS  MEDINENSIS,  Dracunculus. 

GOUGE,     Ingluvies,      Pharynx,     Throat  — .7. 

Bronchoceh — g.  Mai  de,  Cynanche. 
GORGERET,  Gorget  —  g.  Litkotome,  I 
lithotomy — g.  d  Repoueeoir,  see  Gorget. 

GORGET,  from   [V.)  gorge,  'the  throat.' 
nn'fin  canalicula'ttu,   Ductor  canalicula'tue,  (F.) 
'.     An    instrument   representing   a    long 
gutter,  in  the  shape  of  a  throat,  which  : 


marked,  that  a  constant,  small  discharge  occurs, 
or  remains  behind,  after  all  danger  of  ii 
is  removed.  The  great  difference  between  it  and 
gonorrhoea  is,  that  it  is  uninfectious.  The  dis- 
globular  particles,  contained 
iv  mucus,  and  is  generally  devoid  of  that 


•  uot  unfrequently  happens,  bs  already  re-     cially  employed   in  the  operations  of  lithotomy 

and  fistula  in  ano. 

Gorgbt,  Cutting,  see  Gorget,  and  Lithotomy. 

Gorgkt,  Lithot'o.mv,  (F.)  Gorgeret  Lithotome, 

Cutting  Gorget,  is  the  one  used  in  the  operation 

for   the  stone,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the 

prostate  and   the  neck   of   the  bladder,   so  as   to 

yellow  colour  which  characterizes  the  discharge     enable  the  surgeon  to  introduce  the  forceps  and 

•  1  virulenta.     It  is  unattended  with     extract  the  stone.     At  the  end  of  this 

scalding,   Ac.      To  this   state   the    nam-     crest  or  beak,  which  fits  the  groove  oi  the  staff, 

htt'a  muco'ta,  Blennorrhea  chron'-     and  admits  of  the  gorget  being  passed  along  it 

hce'a,  Ac,  have  been  given.     It  is     into  the  bladder.     Besides  cutting,  there  are  also 

duration,  and  de-     blunt  gorgets,  intended  to  he  introduced  into  the 

>  of  the  copaiba,  astringent  injection; 

and.  if  obstinate,  the  introduction  of  the 

iRRH<EA  Bala.ni,  <l.  spuria  —  g.  Benign  a, 
Leuoon  itarrbalis,  see  Gonorrh  1 

ta,  Cbordee  --  g.   <  .    Bee  Gonor- 


rrhgba    Dormikn'ttttm,    G.    Oneirog'ono*. 
minal  discharge  which  occurs  during  sleep, 
by  libidinous  dreams.    S 
lution. 

rrhoe  \  Impi  ra,  Bee  Gi  non 

1  \    Laxo'ruk.   G.  libidino'm,  Sper- 

hcr'a  atnn'icn,  consists  of  a  pellucid  dis- 

froin   the  urethra,   whilst   awake,  without 

is,  hut  with  venereal  thoughts. 


wound  — their  concavity  serving  as  a  guide  for 
the  forceps  into  the  bladder. 

The  chief  modifications  in  the  gorget  have  been 
made  hy  Andouillet.  Bell,  lilicke,  Bromfield,  (Tine, 
Desault,  Foubert,  Hawkins,  Laxrey,  Lefevre,  Mi- 
j  ehaelis.  Thomas,  Ac. 

it  i'oi:  F18TI  !  \  in  Ano  consists  of  a 
semi-cylindrical  wooden  staff,  four  inches  long, 
without  including  the  handle,  and  furnished  with 
a  wide  groove.  This  is  introduced  into  the  rec- 
tum, to  prevent  the  point  of  the  bistoury  from 
injuring  the  intestine,  when  the  intern::1 
of  the  fistula  is  deeply  situate,  and  it  is  d 
to  perform  the  operation  by  incision.  This  in- 
strument, invented  by  Marchettis,  has  been  mo- 
i  \  Laxouom,  Pollution,  G.  libidinosa     dified  by  Percy,  Runge,    • 

morrhoea— g.  ,\!n  Desault  invented  an  instrument  for  conducting 

irrhoea  —  ur.   Nonconiagioaa,   '•.  pui 

■  Ineirogonos, 


tium,    Pollution — g.    Ppui 

norrhoea  —  g. 
Pollution,  Spermatorrhoea — g.  Virulenta, 

►STROM  \.  P 
rOZEMl  \.  Sperm  itorrl 

in,  '  the  knee  ;'  hence: 
►NYAGR  \.  Gonagra, 
IT?  M.'.l  \.  «;  .nalgia 


GON1  IN'CON,  Gonycamp'ait,  from  yon,  'the 


the  wire   by  the  anus,  in  the  operation  for  fistula 
by  ligature.     He  called  h  Gorgeret  ,; 

10  M.I  FONTES.     Fountains  di  Bcrib^d 
by  Libavius  as  containing  water  which  poss 
a  petrifying  property:   probably,  water  I 
opercarbonate  of  lime. 

GORGOSSET,  Pyro 

QOSIER,  Pharynx,  Tin.. at. 

00SS1  M.  Bronchocele. 

GOSSYP'IUM,  G 


tip  ion   Xylon,  Xyhim,  Bombax, 

Family,   Malvaoese.     Sex.   Sy*t.   Monadel- 
phia  Polyandria.     The  seeds  of  the  Cotton   I 
•  1      .  \  curvatare  or     Qonip'ium  arbor' eum,  have  been  administered  in 

A   bent  COtlghs,  on  account  of  the  mucilage  they  contain, 

n.  I   and  a  decoction  of  a  pint   of  the  **tdt  to  a  ijnart 


GOTCIIBELLY 


48  2 


GRACILIS 


of  water  has  been  given,  in  the  Southern  States, 
in  intertnittents.  A  decoction  of  the  root  has 
been  prescribed  as  an  eiumenagogue  and  parturi- 
facient. The  cotton  wool  is  used  in  medicine  for 
making  moxas,  Ac,  and  is  applied  in  the  treat- 
ment of  recent  burns  and  scalds. 

GOTCHBELLY,  Physcoiiia. 

GOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

GO  CD R  OX,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GO  LET,  Arum  maculatum. 

GOCETRE,  Bronchocele. 

GOULARD'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Goulard's. 

Goulard  Water,  Liquor  pluuibi  subacetatis 
dilutus. 

GOULU,  Glutton. 

GOUND  OF  THE  EYE,  Chassie. 

GOURD,  Cucurbita — g.  Bitter,  Cucumis  colo- 
cynthis — g.  Bottle,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

Gourd  Worm,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

GOURMANDISE,  Gluttony. 

GQURME,  Porrigo  larvalis.  Vulgarly,  in 
France,  any  cutaneous  eruption. 

GOUSSE,  Legumen. 

GOUT,  Arthri'tis,  Arth'ragra,  Arthralgia, 
Morbus  domino' rum  seu  articula'ris,  Malum  arti- 
culo'rum,  Gutta,  Arthro'sia  Pod'agra,  Podal'gia, 
Pod'agra,  Arthrit'icus  vcrus,  Arthri'tis  Podagra, 
Podagra  Arthri'tis.  Flux'io  arthrit'ica,  Febris 
arthrit'ica  seu  Podag'rica,  Arthrodyn'ia  podag' - 
rica,  Cauma  podag'ricum,  Flerecin,  Gastro- 
arthri'tis,  Misopto'chos,  (Sc.)  Gat,  (F.)  Goutte, 
Agrie. — Piorry.  The  gout  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  catarrh,  and  received  its  name  from  (F.) 
goutte,  (L.)  gutta,  <a  drop:'  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  produced  by  a  liquid,  which  distilled, 
goutte  d  goutte,  'drop  by  drop,'  on  the  diseased 
part.  This  name,  which  seems  to  have  been  first 
used  about  the  year  1270,  has  been  admitted  into 
the  different  languages  of  Europe.  Gout  is  an 
inflammation  of  the  fibrous  and  ligamentous  parts 
of  the  joints.  It  almost  always  attacks,  first,  the 
great  toe:  whence  it  passes  to  the  other  smaller 
joints,  after  having  produced,  or  been  attended 
with,  various  sympathetic  phenomena,  particularly 
in  the  digestive  organs:  after  this,  it  may  attack 
the  greater  articulations.  It  is  an  affection  which 
is  extremely  fugitive,  and  variable  in  its  recur- 
rence. It  may  be  acquired  or  hereditary.  In 
the  former  case,  it  rarely  appears  before  tbe  age 
of  thirty-five;  in  the  latter,  it  is  frequently  ob- 
served earlier.  It  is  often  diffiou.lt  to  distinguish 
it  from  rheumatism.  A  combination  is,  indeed, 
supposed  to  exist  sometimes:  hence  called  Rheu- 
matic gout.  During  the  paroxysm  or  fit,  a  burn- 
ing, lancinating  pain  is  experienced  in  the  affected 
joint,  attended  with  tumefaction,  tension,  and 
redness.  One  or  more  joints  may  be  attacked, 
either  ut  the  same  time  or  in  succession;  and,  in 
either  case,  the  attack  terminates  by  resolution 
in  a  few  days.  This  is  the  Arthri'tis  acu'ta  seu 
inftammato'  ria  seu  regnla' ris,  Regular  gout,  Arth- 
ro'sia pod'agra  regula'ris,  Artk'ragra  legit'ima 
seu  vera  seu  genui'na  seu  norma' lis,  (F.)  Goutte 
reguliere  chaude.  At  other  times,  pains  in  the 
joints  exist,  of  more  or  less  acute  character;  the 
swelling  being  without  redness.  These  pains 
persist,  augment,  and  diminish  irregularly,  with- 
out exhibiting  intermission,  and,  consequently, 
without  having  distinct  paroxysms.  The  disease 
is  then  called  aton'ic,  asthen' ic,  imperfect  or  tV- 
regular  gout,  Chronic  G.,  Arthri'tis  aton'ica  seu 
asthen' ica.  Arthro'sia  Podagra  larva' ta,  Dysar- 
thri'tis.  It  is,  also,  commonly  called  in  France 
Goutte  froide,  Goutte  blanche.  It  may  appear 
primarily,  or  succeed  attacks  of  regular  gout. 

Gout  does  not  always  confine  itself  to  the  joints. 
It  may  attack  the  internal  organs  :  when  it  is 
called  Arthritis  aber'rans  seu  errat'ica  seu  pla- 
net'ica,  Arth'ragra  anoiu'ala,  Pod'agra  aber'rans, 


Yare'ni,  Wandering,  misplaced,  or  anomalous  gout, 
(F.)  Goutte  vague. 

Ret' rograde  gout,  Arthritis  retrog'rada,  Poda- 
gra retrog'rada,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  complica'ta, 
Rece'dent  or  mispla'ced  gout,  (F.)  Goutte  remontfe, 
G.  malplacee,  G.  rentree,  is  when  it  leaves  the 
joints  suddenly  and  attacks  some  internal  organ, 
as  the  stomach,  intestines,  lungs,  brain,  Ac, 

Gout  is  also  called,  according  to  the  part  it 
may  affect,  Podagra,  Gouagra,  Chimgra,  Ac. 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  may  give  ri.-e  to 
concretions,  which  are  chiefly  composed  of  orate 
of  soda.  See  Calculus,  (arthritic.)  It  may,  al***, 
give  occasion  to  nodosities,  when  it  is  called  Ar- 
thritis nodo'sa,  (F.)  Goutte  nouec. 

The  treatment  is  of  the  antiphlogistic  kind, 
and  the  local  disorder  should  be  but  little  inter- 
fered with.  Colchicum  seems  to  have  great  po^er 
over  the  disease.  It  forms  the  basis  of  the  Eon 
medicinale  d'Husson,  a  celebrated  French  gout- 
remedy.  The  bowels  must  be  kept  regular  by 
rhubarb  and  magnesia;  and  a  recurrence  of  the 
disease  be  prevented  by  abstemious  habits. 
Gout,  Diaphragmatic,  Angina  peer  »ris. 
Gout  Paper,  so  called,  Charta  antiartht  it'ica, 
Gharta  antirheumat'ica,  is  made  by  spreading  a 
very  thin  layer  of  a  mixture  of  an  ethereal  or 
spirituous  extract  of  the  bark  of  mezereon  root, 
with  wax,  spermaceti,  and  oil,  over  the  surface 
of  paper. 

Gout,  Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — g. 
Weed,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 
Gout  Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 
GOCT,  Taste. 

GOCTTE,    Gout,    Gutta  —  g.   Blanche,    Gout 

I  (atonic) — g.  Caduque,  Epilepsy — g.  Froide,  Gout 

(atonic)  —  g.  Malplacee,   Gout    (retrograde)  —  g. 

Xottee,    Gout    (with     nodosities)  —  g.    Reguliere 

chaude,  Gout  (regular)  —  g.  Rtmontee,  Gout  (re- 

j  trograde) — g.  Rentree,  Gout  (retrograde) — g.  Rose, 

Gutta  rosea — g.  Sciatique,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 

I  litaea  —  g.   Sercine,  Amaurosis — g.    Vague,  Gout 

|  (wandering.) 

GOCTTECX.  Arthritic,  Podagric. 
GOCTTIERE  (F.),  Collie" ia>.  A  gutter  in  a 
bone,  like  that  used  for  carrying  off  rain.  Some 
of  these  cavities  are  intended  to  facilitate  the 
sliding  of  tendons,  such  as  the  Gouttiere  Bicipi- 
tal or  Bicip'ital  groove.  Others,  as  the  Gout- 
tiere sagittale  or  Sagittal  groove,  lodge  blood- 
vessels and  especially  veins.  Others,  again,  are 
merely  intended  for  the  support  of  certain  organs  ; 
as  the  Gouttiere  basilaire  or  Bas' i la ry  fossa,  whieh 
supports  the  medulla  oblongata. 

GOCTTIERE  BASILAIRE,  see  Goutiikre— 
g.  Bieipitale,  Bicipital  groove  —  g.  Laerymale, 
Lachrymal  groove — g.  Sucre,  Sacral  groove  — 
g.  Sagittale,  see  Gouttiere. 

GOUTY,  Arthritic,  Podagric — g.  Rheumatism, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

GOCVERXAIL  DC  TE  STIC  CLE,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

GOWAN,  EWE,  Bellis  — g.  Yellow,  Ranun- 
culus. 

GOWLAND'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gow- 
land's. 

GOWN,  RED,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum.  * 

GOWNDE  OF  THE  EYE,  Chassie. 
G RACE-WIFE.  Mi.hvife. 

GRACILARIA  LICHENOIDES,  Fucus  amy- 
laceus. 

GRACILIS,  Macer,  Macilen'tus.  Slender, 
lean.  Also,  the  slender  Rectus  inte'riar  fem'ori* 
seu  Grac"ilis  interior,  (F.)  Sous-pubio-cr/ti tibitrl. 
Sous  pubio-pretibial  (Ch.),  Droit  on  grclc  interne 
de  la  cui^se.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inside 
of  the   thigh.     It  is   thin    and   very   long;    and 


G KADUATE 


GRAPHITES 


•  a  descending  ramus  of  the  pubis. 

I   ;it    tin'   inner  ami   inferior  part  of 

the  tuberosity  of  the  tiliia.  It  beada  the  teg  and 
cuii —  abduction  of  the  thigfa. 

Gra<  ii  18  Artbrior,  Rectus  femoris. 

GRAD'UATB,  Grmduaftut,  from  gradun,  'a 
gt-'i..'  •  i  degree.'  In  medicine,  one  who  has  at- 
tained ■  degree, — asoally,  the  .-tor. 

GRJ  The  pellicle   which  forma  <>n 

milk.  The  folda  of  skin  round  the  umbilicus. 
An  old  woman. 

GR  UN".  Grannm;  the  60th  part  of  a  Troy, 
and  the  72d  part  of  ■  Paid*  de  ware  drachm. 

Chain  Oil,  Oil,  fusel —  g.  Oily,  Beeamum  ori- 
ental e. 

QRAINE  IT  ASPIC,  Bee  Phalaria  Canarienaia 
— g.  ,i ",  icons  cacti — g.  Muse,  Hihiacna 

abelmoschus  ■ — g.  de  Paradie,  Amomum  granum 
paradiai  —  g.  de  Perroqmet,  Carthavs.ua  tinctorius 
-g.  ./.  Sautt,  see  Pilules  aloes  et  kinae 
Kin. i' — g.  de  Turquie,  Zea  mays. 

GRAINS,  GUINEA,  Bee  Pepper,  Bfalagueta. 

Grairb  Of  PARADI8B,  Aaeomum  granum  Para- 
dieL 

ORATSSE,  Pingnedo  —  g.  de  Mauton,  Bevum 
—  y.  cTOie,  Adepa  anaerina — g.  Oxygenic,  Un- 
guentum   acidi   nitrosi —  g.  de  Pore,  Adepa  praj- 

GRAMEN  aSGYPTIACUM,  O.  Crucis  cype- 
rioldia — g.  Caninum,  Triticum  repens. 

Gram]  n  Crocib  CrrBRioi'nis,  Gramen  JEgyp'- 
tiacnm,  jEgyp'tian  Cock?*  foot  grnee,  Ord.  Gra- 
aaineae.  Tbe  roota  and  plants  pnaseea  the  virtues 
of  the  Triticum  repent,  and  have  been  recom- 
mended in  the  earlier  stages  of  dropsy.  They 
were,  formerly,  considered  to  possess  many  other 
ties. 

Gram  en  Dtoscoridis,  Triticum  repeaa — g.  Ma- 
irsaparilla  Germanics — g.  Orientate,  Junoua 
odoratus  —  g.  Repens,  Triticum   repens  —  g.  Ku- 
brutn.  Sarsaparilla  Germanioa. 

GR  VMIA,  CHASSIE,  Lippitudo. 

GRAMINIV'0R0USt<7ramiiitVorv*, from  ora- 
tress,' and  voro,  •!  eat.'     Feeding  or  sub- 
sisting on  grass. 

GR  VMM  UtIUM,  Scruple. 

GRAMME,  ;  tapitfi.  An  ancient  weight,  equi- 
valent to  the  24th  part  of  an  ounce,  or  to  24 
grain-,  or  a  scruple,  avoirdupois.  At  the  present 
day.  the  gramme  is  equal  in  weight  to  a  cubed 
eeatimetre  of  water;  or  to  IS  grains,  poids  de 
marc — 15.434  grains,  Troy. 

Gramme,  Iris,  Line. 

M  M  Ills  AUREA,  Asplenium  ceterach— 
i,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

GRAN  \.,  Hemicrania — g.  Guineenaia,  Pepper, 
m  tiglium — g.  Mos- 
chi.  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  g.  Orientis, 
nispermum  cocculus— g.  Paradiai,  Amomum  gra- 
num  Paradiai  —  g.  Tiglii  sen  Tiglia,  Bee  Crotorj 
tiglium — ■!.  Tilii,  Croton  tiglium — g.  Triticea,  see 

GB  ^NADILLA,  APPLE-SHAPED,  Passiflo- 
r.i  maliformis. 

GRANAT1  RADICES  CORTEX,  see  Punica 
■  urn. 

GRAND  DORSAL,  Latiaaimnfl  dorsi. 

GRANDEB'ALiB.  The  hair  which  grows  in 
the  arm-pita.  ► 

GRANDGORE,  Syphilia. 

GR  kNDINOSUM  OS,  Cuboid. 

GB  WDii.  Cha 

OB  WM  l.\.  Gland. 

GRANIV'ORODS,  Graniv'orue,  from  granum, 
:i.'  and  r,,r>,,  'I  eat.'      Feeding   or  - 

OR  IN  rRI8TUM,  Anthrax. 

INULA    SANGUINIS,    Globules   of    the 

blood—  J.  Seminia,  see  Sperm. 


6RANTTLAR,  Gran'ulowt,  Oranulo'tu;  (T.) 
Granule,    Gremuleux,   from    granulum,    'a   small 

grain.'  Compoeed  of  or  containing  granules  or 
small  particles, — as  'granular  eyelid/  'ineinbrana 
granuloma,'  Ac,  Ac. 

Cham  LAB  DbOBRTOATIOB  or  Dl80ROARII 

ok  tiik  KlDRBY,  Kidney.  B right's   disease   of  the 

— g.  Conjunctiva.  Trachoma  —  g.  Eyelid,  Tracho- 
ma—  g.  Layer.  Membrana  granulosa —  g.  Liver, 
Cirrhosis  —  g.  Tin,  see  Tin. 

GRANULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

GRANULA'TION,  Granula'tio,  from  gramum, 
'a  grain.'  Geutma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  II.  ehamu. 
Cranulations  are  the  reddish,  conical,  flesh-like 
shoots,  which  form  at  the  surface  of  Suppurating 
wounds  and  ulcers.  They  are  the  product  of  in- 
flammatory excitement,  and  may  be  produced 
in  indolent  ulcers,  by  exciting  the  parts  bj  pro- 
per stimulants.  They  form  the  basia  of  the  ci- 
catrix. 

GrARITLATIOM  is.  likewise,  a  name  given  by 
the  modern  French  phyaiciana  to  an  organic 
lesion,  consisting  in  the  formation  of  small,  round, 
firm,  shining,  semi-transparent  tumours,  of  the 
size  and  shape  of  millet-seed,  or  of  a  pea  ;  which 
are  met  with  in  the  lungs  particularly,  and  in 
considerable  quantity  ;  often  without  materially 
interfering  with  their  functions. 

In  pharmacy,  granulation  is  a  process  by  which 
a  metal  is  reduced  to  line  grains,  by  melting  it, 
and  causing  it,  whilst  liquid,  to  pass  through  a 
kind  of  sieve  into  a  vessel  of  water,  —  aa  in  the 
making  of  shot: — or  by  shaking  or  rubbing  the 
melted  metal  in  an  appropriate  box  or  vessel, — 
as  in  the  formation  of  granular  tin  or  granulated 
zinc. 

GRANULATIONS  CEREBRALES,  Glan- 
dulae  Pacchioni. 

Gb anula'tions  Mil'iary,  or  Miliary  tu'ber- 
eles,  are  the  small,  transparent  grains,  of  varia- 
ble size,  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that  of  a 
grain  of  hemp,  which  are  presumed  to  be  the 
primitive  state  of  tubercles. 

GRAN'ULE,  Gran' ulnm  ;  diminutive  of  gra- 
num, 'a  grain.'  A  small  grain  ;  a  small  compact 
particle  :   a  cytoblast. 

CranYi.ks  Sbm'IHAL,  Gran'ula  sem'ini $.  Mi- 
nute, rounded,  granulated  bodies,  observable  in 
the  semen,  which  are,  in  all  cases,  much  less 
numerous  than  the  spermatozoids.     See  Sperm. 

GRANULEUX,  Granular. 

GRANULOUS,  Granular. 

GRANVILLE'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gran- 
ville's counter-irritant. 

GRAPE,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  g.  Sea-side,  see 
Kino. 

GhapbvCbrs,  (F.)  Cure  dn  raiein,  (G.)  Trau- 
benkar,  Weintrau.  A  mode  of  medication  in 
Germany,  which  consists  in  the  use  of  the  grape 
for  both  meat  and  drink  :  nothing  more  at  the 
farthest  being  allowed  than  a  piece  of  dry  bread. 
This  diet  is  continued  for  weeks.      Its  effectfl   are 

altogether  rerellent,  and  resemble  in  many  re- 
spects those  of  hydropathy. 

Hi'  tPBs,  Dried,  Utbe  passaa. 

GRAPHIDOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIODES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIOfDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIS'CUS,  GrapkWem  DVocli*.     An  in- 
strument    invented     by    Diodes     for    exir 
darts  [?].     Said,  in  many  of  the  Dictionaries,  but 
erroneously,   to   be    described    by    Celsns.      He 

•Illy    Of    the    ('H'lthlx'cu*    l)i',,rl,s,    AtuK>tlO¥ 

KvnQirjK.iv.    See  Cyathiecus. 

GB  M'HI'TL'S,    Plumba'go,    Supertarbure'tum 

Ben    Carburc'tum   Fern*,    Ferri   Carbona'U 

Supercarbure'tum,     Carbo    minera'lie,     Huh,,.',,, 

Gale'nf,  Plumbum   nigrum,   Cemmr'a   nigra,  Greu 

P  phiie,  Car' buret  of  iron,  Black  bad,   Wad,  (F.) 


GRAPHOIDES 


43  4 


GRELE 


Crayon  rioir,  Plombagine,  CJiarbon  mineral,  Car- 
bnre  defer,  from  y^atyu,  'I  write.'  This  sub- 
stance has  been  esteemed  slightly  astringent  :ind 
desiccative.  It  has  been  advised  by  Weinhold 
in  the  cure  of  herpes. 

GRAPHOfDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHOSPASMUS,  Cramp,  writers'. 

OR  AS  DES  CADAVRES,  Adipocire  —  g.  de 
Jumbe,  Sura — g.  des  C'imetieres,  Adipocire — y.  de 
Jambe,  Sura. 

GRAS  FOX  DURE  (F.),  DiarrJxr'a  adipo'm, 
literally,  molten  grease.  A  species  of  diarrhoea, 
referred  to  by  old  writers;  accompanied  with  great 
emaciation,  and  in  which  the  evacuations  contain 
fat-like  matter.  According  to  Sauvages,  the  Gras- 
fondure  differs  from  colliquative  diarrhoea  in  not 
being  attended  with  hectic  fever. 

GRASS,  Asparagus — g.  Bear's,  Yucca  filamen- 
tosn — g.  Bermuda.  Cynodon  dactylon — g.  Bitter, 
Aletris  farinosa  —  g.  Blue-eyed,  Sisyrinchium 
Bermudianum  —  g.  Broine,  Bromus  ciliatus  —  g. 
Brume,  soft,  Bromus  ciliatus  —  g.  Canary,  culti- 
vated. Phalaris  Canadensis — g.  Couch,  Triticum 
repens  —  g.  Dog.  Triticum  repens  —  g.  Egyptian 
cock's  foot,  Gramen  crucis  cyperio'ides — g.  Goat's, 
Scorzonera.  —  g.  Knot,  Polygonum  aviculare  —  g. 
Lily.  Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum. 

Grass  Oil  of  Nrmaur,  Oleum  graminis  Indici. 

Grass.  Physic,  Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum — 
g.  Rib,  Plantago  lanceolata — g.  Scurvy,  Sisyrin- 
chium Bermudianum — g.  Silk,  Yucca  filamentosa 
— g.  Sweet.  Acorus  Calamus. 

Grass  Tree,  Xanthorrhoea. 

Grass,  Vipers',  Scorzonera  —  g.  Yellow-eyed, 
Xyris  bnlbosa. 

'Git ASSET  (¥.).  The  anterior  region  of  the 
thi<rh.  bounded  below  by  the  patella. 

GRASSEYEMENT  (B.\  Sonus  blasm,  Rota- 
cif)'nnt8,  from  (F.)  gras,  'thick.'  'Speaking  thick.' 
According  to  Sauvages,  a  vicious  pronunciation 
of  the  letter  r.  They  who  speak  thick,  like  the 
inhabitants  of  Newcastle,  in  England,  or  of  Havre, 
in  France,  have  difficulty  in  pronouncing  the  r, 
and  they  frequently  substitute  for  it  the  letter  I : 
but  this  does  not  properly  constitute  Grasseye- 
v>ent.  It  consists  in  this :  that,  in  words  in 
which  the  letter  r  is  joined  to  another  consonant, 
a  sort  of  burring  or  guttural  rolling  is  heard, 
nearly  like  that  produced  by  gargling.  See  Ro- 
tocism. 

GRASUS,  Cinabra, 

GRA  TELLE.  Psoriasis. 

GRATIA  DEI.  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRATIOLA  CENTAURIOIDES,G. officinalis. 

Gratio'la  Officinalis,  Digita'lia  min'ima, 
Gra'tin  Dei,  Gratiola  Centavriofdes,  Hedge  Jiy8- 
8op,  Herb  of  Grace,  from  gratia,  'grace  or  favour,' 
owing  to  its  presumed  excellent  medical  virtues. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  south  of  Europe  (F.) 
Gratiolc,  Sene  den  fires.  Petite  digitate,  Herbe  att 
panvre  homine.  The  plant  is  inodorous;  taste 
Strong,  bitter,  nauseous.  It  is  possessed  of  an- 
thelmintic, purgative,  emetic,  and  diuretic  pro- 
perties.    Dose,  ten  grains. 

GRATIOLE,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRA  TTERON,  Galium  aparine. 

GRATTOIR.  Raspatorium. 

GRAVATfF,  Heavy. 

GRAVE.  Serious — g.  Plant,  Datura  sanguinea. 

GRAVEDO,  Catarrh,  Coryza — g.  Neonatorum, 
Snuffles. 

GRAVEL,  Lith'ia  rena'lis  areno'sa,  Lithi'a^is 
nephrit'ica  seu  rena'lis,  (F.)  GraveUe.  A  disease 
occasioned  by  small  concretions,  similar  to  sand 
or  gravel,  Gla'rea,  (F.)  Gravier,  which  form  in 
the  kidneys,  pass  along  the  ureters  to  the  blad- 
der, and  are  expelled  with  the  urine.  These  con- 
cretions, which  are  commonly  composed  of  uric 
acid  and  an  animal  matter,  are  deposited  at  the 


bottom  of  the  vessel,  immediately  after  the  excre- 
I  tion  of  the  urine  ;  and,  by  their  hardness  and 
j  resistance  under  the  finger,  differ  considerably 
from  the  ordinary  sediment  of  that  liquid.  A 
vegetable  diet  and  alkaline  drinks  are  the  best 
prophylactics.  See  Calculi,  urinary.  A  jit  of 
the  Gravel,  Nephralgia  caleulo'tta  seu  areno'sa, 
Co'lica  nephrit'ica,  is  the  excruciating  suffering 
induced  by  the  passage  of  gravel  from  the  kidney 
to  the  bladder.  It  can  only  be  relieved  by  anaes- 
thetics, opiates,  the  warm  bath,  <ic. 

When  the  deposit  is  in  fine  particles,  it  is 
termed  Sand,  Are'tia,  Are'nula,  Psam'ma,  J'vuu,- 
mvs. 

Gravel  Grass,  Galium  verum. 

Gravel,  Pileous  or  Hairy,  (F.)  GraveUe  pi- 
leuse.  A  species  of  gravel  containing  hairs,  phos- 
phate of  lime,  ammoniaco-magnesian  phosphate, 
and  a  little  uric  acid. — Magendie. 

Gravel  Plant,  Epigsea  repens — g.  Root,  Eu- 
patorium  purpureas). 

GRA  VELEUX,  Calculous. 

GRAVE LLE,  Chalaza,  Gravel  — #.  Pilense, 
Gravel,  pileous. 

GRAVEOLENS.  Fetid. 

GRAVID,  Pregnant. 

GRAV'IDIN  ;  from  gravidus,  'pregnant,' 
gravis,  'heavy.'  A  sediment  in  the  urine  of 
pregnant  women,  which  by  its  decomposition 
gives  rise  to  the  pellicle  kyestein.  It  differs  from 
albumen,  casein  and  gelatin. — Stark. 

GRAVIDITAS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy  —  g. 
Abdominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal — g.  Extra- 
uterina,  see  Pregnancy — g.  Extra-uterina  in  Ova- 
rio,  Pregnancy,  ovarian  —  g.  Extra-uterina  Se- 
cundaria, Metacyesis  —  g.  Interstitialis,  Preg- 
nancy, interstitial — g.  Molaris,  Mole — g.  Ovarii, 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — g.  Spuria,  Pregnancy,  false 
— g.  Tubaria,  Pregnancy,  tubal,  Salpingo-cyesis 
— g.  Uteri  substantia,  Pregnancy,  interstitial — g. 
Uterina,  Pregnancy. 

GRAVLER,  Gravel. 

GRAVIMETER,  Areometer. 

GRAVIS,  Heavy. 

GRAVITY,  SPECIF'IC,  Gravitas  specif'ica, 
(F.)  Pesanteur  specifique.  The  relation  between 
the  weight  of  a  body  and  its  bulk  :  thus,  sup- 
posing four  bodies  to  be  of  the  same  size,  but  to 
weigh,  one  four,  another  three,  another  two,  and 
the  fourth  one;  the  specific  gravity  of  the  first 
will  be  four  times  greater  than  that  of  the  last. 
The  specific  gravities  of  different  bodies  are, 
I  therefore,  as  the  weights,  bulk  for  bulk.  For 
j  solids,  and  liquids,  water  is  taken  as  the  unit; 
i  atmospheric  air  for  the  gases.  Thus,  water  is 
1.000;  mercury,  at  the  common  temperature, 
13.58.  Whence,  we  conclude  mercury  is  between 
thirteen  and  fourteen  times  heavier  than  water. 

GRAYHAIRED,  see  Poliosis. 

GRAY  MATTER  OF  THE  BRAIN,  Cortex 
cerebri,  see  Neurine. 

GREASE,  from  (F.)  Graisse,  'fat.'  A  specific 
inflammation,  affecting  the  skin  of  the  heels  of 
the  horse,  which  is  especially  interesting  from 
the  circumstance,  that  the  matter,  if  inserted 
under  the  cuticle  of  an  unprotected  individual, 
may  give  rise  to  an  affection  —  grease-pox,  vnri'- 
olae  eqni'nce — which  preserves  the  person  from 
small-pox.  [?] 

Gkease,  Barrow's,  Adep5  suillus  —  g.  Goose, 
Adeps  anserinus — g.  Molten,  Gras-fondure. 

Grease  Pox,  see  Grease. 

GREENHEART,  see  Bebeeru. 

GREENHOW'S  TINCTURE  FOR  THE 
TEETH,  Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus. 

GREEN  SICKNESS,  Chlorosis. 

GREENWEED,  Genista  tinctora. 

GRELE  (F.),  Grac"ilis,  '  long  and  thin.'   This 


GRELE 


4S 


GRYPIIIUS    PES 


epithet  is  given  by  the  French  to  various  parts, 

Apophpe  Grele  dn  Martemt,  the  tiUnder  apoph'- 
yxia  or  proce**  of  the  mal'Uus.  A  long  process 
situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  of  the 
malleus,  which  passes  out  by  the  tissure  of  Gla- 
aeriua.  It  is  also  called  the  Apopky'rit  of  Ran, 
_-':i  it  was  already  known  to  Fabriciua  ab 
Aquapendente  and  to  Csecilius  Follius. 

GRELE,  Chalaza  —  a.  Interne  de  la  Cuitse, 
lis. 

<iUKMIL  OFFICINAL,  Lithospermum  offi- 
cinale. 

GREMIUM,  Vulva. 

GRENADE,  Influenza, 

GRENADIER,  Puniea  granatnm. 

GRENADIN,  see  Puniea  granatum. 

QRENIERS,  Yesieuhv  Beniinales. 

GRENOUILLE,  Rana  esculenta, 

GRENOUILLETTE,  Ranula, 

GREOULX,  MI N B R A L  W A T E RS  OF.  Sul- 
phuretted springe  in  the  department  of  Basses- 

KA.  Perinrcum. 

GRESSUS,  Walking. 

GREVEURE,  Hernia. 

QRIBLUM,  Apiom  petroselinum,  Smyrnium 
tram. 

(} RIFF,  see  Mulatto. 

GRIFFO,  see  Mulatto. 

GRINCEMBNT  DES  DEXTS,  Brygmus. 

GRINCOMES,  Syphilis. 

GRINDERS,  Molar  teeth— g.  Asthma,  see 
Asthma,  grinders' — g.  Rot,  Asthma,  grinders'. 

GRINDING   MILL,  see  Pulverization. 

GRIPE,  CUTTING  OX  THE,  see  Lithotomy. 

GRIPES,  Tormina,  Colic. 

(J  ricks.  Watkrv.  A  popular  name  for  a  dan- 
-  disease  of  infancy,  common  in  England, 
which  docs  not  differ  essentially  from  the  cholera 
infantum  of  this  country. 

GRIPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

GRIPPE (F.),  from  gripper,  'to  gripe,'  'catch 
hold  of.'  A  vulvar  name  for  several  catarrhal 
s,  which  have  reigned  epidemically;  as 
the  inflnensa. 

GRIPPE*,  Pinched. 

GRISOU,  see  Hydrogen,  carburetted. 

GRI8TLE,  Cartilage. 

GRIT8,  G 

Gan  Grobl,  Water  gruel.  This  is  made 
as  follows  :  —  Take  three  ounces  of  grits  j  wash 
them  well  in  cold  water,  ami,  having  poured  off 
the  fluid,  put  them  into  four  pints  of  fresh  water. 
and  boil  .-lowly  until  the  water  is  reduced  one- 
half;  then  strain  through  a  sieve.  It  is  a  goo  I 
demulcent,  and   is  employed  also  as  a  vehicle  for 

GROAN,  see  Bnspirinm. 
GROATS,  German  Griitse;  Grutum,  Ave'na 
n'ta  f  (F.)  Gruau,  Oatmeal,  ( Yorkshire.) 

Gala,  hulled,  hut  unbound.  (LaHCatkire,)    Hulled 

•and.    Oats  that  have  the  hulls  taken 

off;  Grite,  (Prov.)  Outline.    When  crashed,  they 

are    termed    Embdeu    groat*.      In    America,   fine 
hominy   is   called   Grit*,  and   wheat  prepared   in 
a«   way    is  likewise  bo  designated.     It  is 
lied  n  h<  a  ten  hominy. 

■■  u  ow,  Semolina. 
GROCERS'  ITCH,  see  Eczema  Impetiginodes, 

i  ria. 
GR0G-BL0S80MS,  (Jutta  rosea, 
GROG.ROSBS,  Gntta  i 
G  ROM  WELL,  Lithospermum  officinale. 
GROOVE,  Furrow,  Suieue,  (F.)  Rainure.   Ice- 
landic, aru/a,  Sax.  srapan.  'to  dig.'     A  channel 
or  ratter  in  a  l.one  or  surgical  instrument.     See 
t'oitliose. 


Groovk.  Puim'itivi:.  Primitive  ttreah  <>r  truce. 
Nota  primiti'va,  A  bright  streak  in  the  long 
axis  of  the  pellucid  part  of  the  area  germinal ivn, 
after  it  presents  a  central  pellucid  and  a  periphe- 
ral opake  part,  and  paBSOS  from   the   round  to  the 

pear  shape. 

GROOVED.  Same  etymon.  Sulca'tut,  Stria', 
tue.  Canal ieula'tua,  (F.J  Canneli  on  Caueli  on 
CanalicuU  :  Canaliculated.  Having  a  small  chan- 
nel or  gutter. 

GROS,  Drachm — g.  Con,  Bronchocele. 

GROSEILLES,  Ribes  ruhrum — </.  d  Maque- 
rean,  Ribes  uva  crispa. 

GROSE1LLER  XOIR,  Ribes  nigrum  — $. 
Rouge,  Ribes  rabram, 

GROSSE  GORGE,  Bronchocele. 

til!  OSS  ESSE.  Pregnancy —^.  Abdtminale, 
Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  g.  A/atale,  Pregnancy, 
afostal  —  g.  Bigiminale,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal  — 
g.  Cnmplexe,  Pregnancy,  complex  —  g.  Compoete, 
Pregnancy,  compound  —  g.  Coutre-natun  . 
nancy,  extra-uterine — g.  Faneee  ou  apparente. 
Pregnancy,  false — g.  Fee  tale,  Pregnancy,  foetal— 
g,  Gazo-hyetiriqne,  Pregnancy,  gazo-hysteric  — 
/.  Himato-hyetiriqne,  Pregnancy,  hematn-byste- 
ric — (j.  Hydro-hyettrique,  Pregnancy,  hydro-hys- 
teric—  (j.  luter-extra-ntirive,  Pregnancy,  com- 
plex— g.  Ovarienne,  Pregnancy,  ovarial — g.  Sar- 
co-hyetSriqne,  Pregnancy,  sarco-hysteric — g.  Sar- 
cqfcetale,  Pregnancy,  sarcofoetnl— jr.  Simpl  . 
nancy,  solitary — g.  Solitaire.  Pregnancy,  solitary 
—  if.  Trigiminale,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal  —  ij. 
Triple,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal — </.  Tuba  ire,  Preg- 
nancy, tubal  —  g.  Utfro'-abdnminale,  Pregnancy, 
utero-abdominal — g.  ( rtiro-ovarienne,  Pregnancy, 
utero-ovarian — y.  Utfro-tubaire,  Pregnancy,  ute- 
ro- tubal. 

GROSSULARIA,  Ribes  uva  crispa— g.  Nigra, 
Rihes  Digram — g.  Non  Bpinosa,  Ribes  nigrum — g. 
Rubra,  Ribes  ruhrum. 

GROTTO  DEI  SERPI  (I.)  'Grotto  of  ser- 
pents.' A  grotto  near  Braccano,  in  Italy,  filled 
with  warm  water,  to  which  invalids,  affected  with 
skin  diseases,  resort. 

GROUILLEMENT  D'ESTE MILES,  Bor- 
borygmos. 

GROUND  BERRY.  Gaultheria— g.  Holly, 
Gaultheria — g.  Ivy,  Gaultheria,  Glechoma  bede- 
racea  —  g.  Nut,  Aracbis  hypogea,  Pignut  —  g. 
Pine,  Teucrium  chamsepitys  —  g.  Pine,  French, 
Teocrinra  ivn. 

GROUNDIE  SWALLOW.  Senecio. 

GROUNDSEL,  Senecio  — g.  Tree,  Baccbaris 
halimifolia. 

GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROWTH,  from    Dutch    groyen,  'to  grow,' 

■,' tn. a,  Creteen'tia,  Anaplo'eia,  Anapfyx'ia, 

fetance',   Crne.     The  development  of  the 

body:    particularly  in  the  direction  of  its   height. 

Also,  any  adventitious  tissue:   thus,  we   Bpeak  of 

a  morbid  growth  or  formation.    See  Development* 

GROZET-EYED,  Goggle-eyed. 

GRUA  (',  Groats. 

GRUB,  Lirve.  see  Ectozoa. 

(Jim  its.  Aene  punctata. 

GRUEL,  GRIT,  see  Orits—  g.  Water,  see  Are- 
na, and  (Jrits. 

GRUFF,  from  Teutonic  ge,  and  nil),  'rough.' 
In  pharmacy,  the  coarse  residue,  which  will  not 
pass  through  the  siere  in  pulverization. 

GRUMEAU,  Coagnlnm. 

GRUMOUS,  Qrumo'eue,  (F.)  Grumeli,  Grume- 
Itii.r,  from  grnmue,  'a  clot.1     Clotted. 

GRUMUS,  Coagnlnm. 

GRUTUM.     'Groats.'    Grutnm  MU'inm,  MiV- 

ium.  A  hard  white  tubercle  of  the  skin,  resem- 
bling, in  size  and  appearance,  a  millet-seed.  It 
is  confined  to  the  fa  -  •.  ( Iroata, 

GRYPH'IUS    PBS.     The  r,  (F.) 


GRYPIIOSIS 


436 


GUM  MI 


Pied  de  Griffon,  An  instrument  of  which  Am- 
brose Pare  speaks,  which  waa  used  for  extracting 
moles  from  the  uterus. 

GRYPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 
GRYPO'SIS,  from  ypvtroti),  'I  incurvate.'     In- 
enrvn'tio.     Curvature  or  crookedness  in  general. 
Crookedness  or   incurvation    of  the   nails.     See 
0nych<ygrypoiti8. 
GRYPOTES,  see  Grypus. 

GRYPUS.  One  who  has  a  crooked  or  aquiline 
nose.     The  condition  is  termed  Gry'potea. 

GUA'CO,  ffua'eo.  The  name  of  a  plant,  Eu- 
pato'riiim  Ghiaco,  decribed  by  Humboldt  and 
Bonpland  under  the  name  Jlika'nia  Gnaco,  Orel. 
Compositae,  which  grows  in  the  valleys  of  Mad a- 
lena,  Rio-Cauca,  tfcc,  in  South  America.  The 
negroes  use  the  juice  against  the  bites  of  poison- 
ous reptiles  ; — both  in  the  way  of  prevention  and 
cure.  It  has  been,  of  late,  brought  forward  as  a 
remedy  in  cholera. 

GUAIAC,  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAIACI  LIGNUM,  see  Guaiacum  — g.  Re- 
sina.  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAIAC1NE,  see  Guaiacum. 
GUAI'ACUM,  G.  Officinale  seu  America' nnm, 
Lignum  vitcp,  seu  sanctum  seu  benedic'tum  seu 
Ind'icum,  Palun sunctus,  Hagiox'ylum,(F.)  Gai/ac, 
Ga'iac.  Ord,  Zygophylleae.  The  resin  —  Gnai'aci 
Eesi'na,  Guai'ac,  (F.)  Iiezine  ou  Gomme  de  Ga'iac 
— and  the  wood — Gnaici  lignum — are  both  used 
in  medicine.  Their  odour  is  slightly  fragrant ; 
taste  warm  and  bitter,  of  the  resin  more  so  than 
of  the  wood.  The  resin  is  concrete,  brittle; 
colour,  externally,  greenish  ;  internally  grayish.  J 
Water  dissolves  about  one-tenth ;  alcohol  95 
parts.  It  is  soluble,  also,  in  liquor  potasses  15  parts,  I 
liquor  ammonias  38  parts.  The  powder  is  whitish, 
but  changes  green  in  the  air.  The  base  of  the 
guaiacum  is  a  peculiar  resin,  called  Guaiacine. 

Guaiacum  is  stimulant  and  diaphoretic;  and 
in  large  doses,  purgative.  It  is  administered  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  the  sequelae  of  syphilis.  Dose  of  resin,  gr. 
v  to  xx  : — to  purge,  gr.  xx  to  xl. 

Guaia'cum  sanctum,  and  G.  angustifo' Hum  have 
the  same  virtues  as  G.  officinale. 
GUALTHERIA,  Gaiiltheria. 
GUANO,  —  according    to     Tschudi,    properly 
Hunan, — is  formed  of  the  excrements  of  different 
kinds  of  marine  birds — mews,  divers,  sheerbreaks, 
Ac,  but  especially  of  the  Sulci  variega'ta.      It  is 
found  in  enormous  layers  in  the  South  American 
islands  of  the  Pacific,  and  is  used  as  manure. 
GUAR  ANA.  Paullinia. 
GUAR  AN  HEM,  Monesia. 
GUARANIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 
GUARAPO.      A   fermented   liquor   made,    in 
Peru,  of  sugar-cane  pulp  and  water.    It  is  a  very 
favourite  beverage  of  the  negroes. — Tschudi. 
GUARD  (for  a  bed),  A/ese. 
GUARERBA  ORBA,  Momordica  elaterium. 
GUAVA  APPLE,  Psidium  pomiferum. 
GUAY"AVA,  Psidium  pomiferum. 
GUAZA.  see  Bangue. 

GUBERNAC'ULUM  DENTIS,  (gubernacu- 
lum,  'a  rudder.')  A  cord,  which  passes  from  the 
follicle  of  the  permanent  tooth  along  a  small  long 
canal  behind  the  alveolus  of  the  milk  tooth,  and 
becomes  continuous  with  the  gum.  The  guber- 
naculum  has  been  supposed  to  direct  the  perma- 
nent tooth  outwards.  The  canal  has  been  termed 
Jter  dent  is. 

Gudkrnaculum  Testis,  Gubernaculum  testis, 
JIunteri,  G.  Hunteri,  Hunteri  Ligamen'tum  sus- 
pevso'rium  Testis,  (F.)  Gouvernail  du  testicule.  A 
triangular,  fibro-cellular  cord :  which,  in  the  foetus, 
arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium  and  the  skin 
of  the  scrotum,  and  proceeds  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  testicle,  before  this  organ  issues  from  the 


abdomen.    It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a  continu- 
ation  of   the   fascia  superficialis   with    muscular 
fibres   from   the   internal  oblique  muscle,   which 
pass  upwards  to  the  testis  when  in  the  abdomen  ; 
and   by  their  contraction   draw  the   testis  down, 
and  ultimately  form  the  cremaster  muscle. 
GUEPE,  Wasp. 
GUERISON,  Cure. 
GUEEISSABLE,  Curable. 
C  £77,  Viscum  album — g.de  Chene,Yiscum  album. 
GUIDER.  Tendon. 

GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA,  LLyperanthe'ra 
moriuya.  A  plant,  Ord.  Leguminosa?,  which 
affords  the  Ben  nut,  and  the  lignum  nephriVicwm. 
It  is  also  called  Morin'ga  Ole'i/'era  seu  Zeylan'ica 
seu  Xu.r  ben.  Under  the  name  Gni/audina  m<>- 
ringa,  Linnaeus  is  said  to  have  confounded  j/<<- 
ringa  pterygosperm'a  and  M.  ap'tera.  Hyjieran- 
the'ra  moriuga  is  a  synonyme  of  the  former 
species.  The  nut  Ben,  Ben  mix,  Glans  nngucuta'- 
ria,  Bal'anus  Jfi/rep'sica,  San'dalnm  cceru'leum, 
Oily  Acorn  or  Ben  nut,  is  a  West  India  nut  which 
furnishes  an  oil,  O'leum  Balavi'unm,  Oil  of  Ben, 
that  does  not  become  rancid  by  age,  and  is  hence 
used  by  perfumers.     It  is  purgative. 

The  wood  of  the  Guilandina  is  called  Lignum 
Xephrit'icum,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction,  in 
affections  of  the  urinary  organs. 

GUILLOTINE,  TONSIL.  Amygdalatome. 
GUILTY  CUPS,  Ranunculus  acris. 
GU1MAUYE,  Althaea  — #.  Veloutee,  Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 

GULA,  OZlsophaeus,  Pharynx. 
GUL.E  IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia — 
g.  Principium,  Pharynx. 
GULLET,  OZsophagus. 
GULLION,  Colic. 
GULOSUS,  Glutton. 
GULSCHOCH,  Icterus. 

GUM,  ACAROID,  see  Xanthorrhcea — g.Anime, 
Anime — g.  Arabic.  Acaciae  gummi — g.  Artificial, 
Dextrin — g.  Bassora,  Bassora  gum  —  g.  Black- 
boy,  see  Xanthorrhcea. 
Gum  Boil,  Parulis. 

Gum,  British,  Dextrin  —  g.  Butea,  see  Butea 
frondosa — g.  Caranna,  Caranna — g.  Dragon,  Tra- 
gacantha — g.  East  India,  see  Feronia  elephantum 
— g.  Elastic,  Caoutchouc. 

GtJM  of  the  Eye,  Chassie — g.  Falling  away  of 
the,  Ulatrophia  —  g.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Cana- 
densis—  g.  Indigenous,  Gummi  nostras  —  g.  Ivy, 
see  Hedera  helix — g.  Juniper,  Sundarac. 

G um-Lancet,  DentiscaV  pium,  Odontoy'hjphon, 
(F.)  Eechaussoir.  An  instrument  for  separating 
the  gum  from  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  prior  to 
extraction.  It  is  formed  much  like  a  fleam.  The 
operation  itself  is  called  Lancing  the  gums,  Den'- 
tium  scalptu'ra,  (F.)  Decliaussement. 

Gum,  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix  —  g.  Red, 
Strophulus. 

Gum  Resin,  Gummi  resina. 
Gum,  Sandarach,  Sandarac  —  g.  Sassa.  Sassa 
— g.  Seneca,  Acaciae  gummi — g.  Senega,  Acacia) 
gummi  —  g.  Shrinking  of  the,  Ulatrophia  —  g. 
Sweet,  Liquidambar  styraciflua  —  g.  Tragacanth, 
Tragaeanth. 

Gum  Tree,  Brown,  see  Kino. 
Gum,   White,   Liquidambar   styraciflua,   Stro- 
phulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus  infantum. 

GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  elastic  tumour 
formed  in  the  periosteum  occupying  particularly 
the  cranium  and  sternum,  and  produced  by  the 
I  syphilitic  virus,  when  it  has  been  long  in  the  con- 
stitution. It  is  so  called,  because,  when  opened, 
it  contains  a  matter  like  gum. 

GUMMI.  Commi,  kou/jh,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  a  solid, 
uncrystallizable,  inodorous  substance,  of  a  inawk- 


GUMMIDODES 


4:: 


GUTT.i:    ABBATIS,    &c. 


ish  taste,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  insoluble  in 

alcohol,  bat  soluble  in  water,  with  which  it  forms 

a  mucilage.     It  is  obtained  from  rarions  - 

of  ntmoM  and  />r,nin« ;  and  consequently  there 

are    many   varieties    of  gum.      They   are    used    in 

medicines  as  demulcents,  emollients,  and  relax-     called  canernou*  and  eavem'ulovt,  (F.J  /. 

ants,  particularly  in  catarrh,  intestinal  irritations 


pie.      The  rhonchns  or  rule  heard   on   aus- 
cultation when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lung 
taining  pus.      It  is  the  'cavernous   rattle  or  rhon- 
chii*.'    h'li/i     cur'  1  111  n.r.       The    site    of   the    bubbles 

beard  varies,  and  hence  the  rhonohus  has  been 


1  in  Pharmacy,  they  arc  employed  in  the 
formation  of  emulsions,  pills, 

(it  m\ii  Acah.i:  AraBICJB,  Acacia?  gummi — g. 
ami  —  g.  Acaro'hlcs,  see 
rrboea — g.  Adstringens   Fothergilli,  Kino 
-_-.   Itnmoniacam,  Ammoniao — g.  Anime,  Aaime 
tbicum,  Acacias  gummi — g.  Astragali  Tra- 
gacantbas,  Tragaeantha  —  g.  Bogia,  Cambogia — 
aranna —  g.  Copallinum,  ('opal  —  g. 
ldasiicum.  Caoutchouc  —  g.    Euphorbia),  see   Eu- 
phorbia offioinarum— g.  GaniandrsB,  Cambogia — 
g.  Gambiense.  Kino  —  g.  de  Goa,  Cambogia  —  g. 
tlutta.  Cambogia  —  g.  Hederm,  see  Hederavfaelix 
Jetnu,  Cambogia  —  g.  Juniper!,  Sandarae 
w-g.  Lit.  Lacea — g.  Ladanum,  see  Ciatos  cre- 
ticus — g.  La  mac,  Acacia"  gummi — g-  Laricis,  see 
1'iniis  larix — g,  Leuoum,  Acacisa  gummi. 

(ii  m-m  Nostras,  (F.)  Gommmdu  Pay* ;  indig"- 
emout  Gh  a.  These  generic  names  are  given  to 
several  species  Dfgum,  which  flow  spontaneously 
fr<>m  certain  indigenous  fruit  trees,  —  such  as  the 
almond,  cherry,  peach,  apricot.  Ac  The  indige- 
_ims  bare  nearly  the  same  properties  as 
gum  Arabic;   but  they  are  inferior  to  it. 

Ml  OrBKBURGBBBB,  see  l'inus  larix — g.  Pa- 
naris, see  Pastinacn  opoponax — g.  ad  Podagram, 
Caml 

(li  MMidiK.si'xA,  Gum-rciu.  A  milky  juice, 
obtained  l>y  making  incisions  into  the  branches. 
Stalks  and  roots  of  certain  vegetables.  Gum-re- 
sins  are  compounds  of  resin,  gam,  often  with  es- 
sential oil,  and  different  other  vegetable  matters. 
They  are  solid,  opake,  brittle,  of  a  strong  odour, 
acrid  ta.-te,  variable  colour,  and  are  heavier  than 
water.  Water  dissolves  a  part  of  them,  and  al- 
cohol another:  hence  proof  spirit  is  the  proper 
menstruum.  The  generality  of  the  gum-resins 
are  powerful  stimulants  to  the  whole  or  to  part-  of 
iiomy.  The  chief  are  aeafatida,  gum  a»i- 
tiiitm'iir,  eiiphorbium,  galbartum,  camboge,  myrrh, 


,1,L 


>P"P' 


11  ax,  eeammony,  aloe*,  &c. 


GrUMMI  RriiitlM   A08TRIHGBHS  GaMBIBRSB,  Ki- 

Butes  Prondoaa — g.  Seneca,  Senegal  gum 

.  -      gal,  gam  —  g.  Senegalense.  Se- 

g  il.  gum  —  g.  Sera- 

•    pamini  —  g.  Tbebaicam,   Acacisa 

gummi — g.  Tragaeantha,  Tragaeantha  —  g.  Ura- 

lenso,  see  Pinus  larix. 

GUMMIDODES,  Mucilaginous. 
GUMMIODES,  Mucilaginous. 
GUMMOSUS,  Mucilaginous. 
GUMS,  Gingiva. 

I  OTTON,  see  Collodion  — g.  c.  Ethereal 
Solution  of.  Collodion. 

tngue. 
GUNNERA     PERPEN'SA.     A    South    Afri- 
can plant.  \ut.  OrtL  Drl  decoetioD  of 
which  i»-  taken  as  a  domestic  remedy  by  the  farm- 
1  tonic  in  dyspepsia.     A  tincture  hs 
n  gravel.     An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  de- 
mployed  in  pulmonary  affections. 
re  applied  fresh,  to  cure  wounds  and 

-    Pharynx. 
tOITELLO,    MINERAL   WATERS   OF. 
A  thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  lachia.     Temp,  at 

.    lb.      It    contains    carbonic  add. 

carbonates  of  lime,  magn<  -;  >.  iron 

-  of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and 

0  LING.     ■ 

from  a  bottle.     (F.)  Gargouillt  wu  nt,  same  etymon 


rtrnii/eiix.  If  the  cavern  be  large,  this  rdle  Will 
nearly  resemble  the  gurgling  of  a  bottle  (gtougloH 
il'mif  bottftiUe;)  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  cavern 
small,  it  will  not  difier  from  the  idle  inu- 
qtu  war. 

Gl   RGULIO,  Penis.  Uvula. 
QUSTATIF,  {Nerft)  see  Lingual  Xerve. 
Gl  STATION,  Degustation,  I 
GUSTATORx   NERVE,  see  Lingual  Nerve. 
GUSTUS,  Taste— g.  Depravatus,  Parageustia. 
GUT,  Gout,  Intcstin. — g.  Blind,  Caeeum. 
GDTS,  SLIPPERINESS  OF  THE,  Lientery. 
GUTTA,  Apoplexy,  Cambogia,  Gout 
Gutta.     A    Drop,  Stalog'ma,  Alun'eel,   Si  ilia 
"ttc.     A  quantity  of  liquid,  generally  va- 
lued, in  pharmacy,  at  the  weight  of  a  grain.     The- 
weight,    however,    varies    according    to    different 
cirnim.-tances,   as   the   degree  of  tenacity   of  the 
fluid,  and  the  extent  of  moist  surface  to  which  the 
suspended  drop  is  attached  before  it  falls;   and  it 
was  found  by  .Mr.  Alsop  to  be  influenced  by  the 
I  size  of  the  bottle,  and  the  angle  of  inelins 
which  it  was  held  during   the   operation   of  drop- 
ping.     The  following  are  some  of  bis  results  as 
to  the  number  of  drops  required  to  measure  a 
fluidrachm,  when  dropped  from  a  large  and  a  .-mall 
bottle. 

From  a  large  From  n  small 
bottle.        bottle, 
(Qjj)  Diluted  sulphuric  acid  ....'2i  drops  S4  drops 

Scheele's  hydrocyanic  acid  M5 frfl 

Distilled  water.." 31 51 

Solution  of  ammonia 40 IS 

Tincture  of  opium S4 135 

Rectified  spirits 100 1    Q 

Tincture  of chlorideofironl 00 150 

Gutta  GakANDRjB,  Cambogia — g.  Gamba,  Cam- 
bogia— g.  Opaca,  Cataract. 

Gotta  Pbrcha,  Gutta  tuban,  Gomme  getta'nia. 
The  concrete  juice  of  a  tree — laoHdu'dra  gutta — 

which  is  indigenous  in  Singapore  and  its  vicinity, 
and  belongs  to  the  Natural  Order  Sapotacese. 
Plunged  in  boiling  water  it  softens,  when  it  may 
be  moulded  like  caoutchouc  to  any  form,  which 
it  retains  on  cooling.  Splints  and  other  instru- 
ments have  been  made  of  it. 

A  solution  of  guttapercha  in  chloroform — Traii- 
mat'iciue  —  has  been  used  with  advantage,  topi- 
cally, in  various  cutaneous  affections,  scrofulous 
and  indolent  ulcers,  and  as  an  ectrotic  in  small- 
pox. 

Gutta  Rosacea  Syphilitica,  Crown  of  Venus. 

Gutta  Ro'sba,  G.  Roea'cea,  Iini'iliiis  corymb' - 

//'•/•,     Crutta    tar], iijino'sa    sen    jirurit/inu'xa,    Aciti 

roea'cea,  Ro4e,ola  acuo'ea,  Thyladi'tie,  liurvhia, 
Butiga,  Car'/, uiicli  J  Face,  Roey  I  hup  or  Whelk, 
Capper-noee,  Bottle-noee,  Grogbloeeome, 
roeee.  Brandy -face,  (F.)  Oouperoee,  GoutU 
Bourgeon*,  Dartre  pu*tuleu*e  eottperoee.  An 
eruption  of  small,  suppurating  tubercles,  with 
,-bining  redness,  and  an  irregular  granular  ap- 
pearance of  the  skin  of  the  part  of  the  face  a  bich 
11  affected.  The  redness  commonly  appears  first 
at  the  end  of  the  nose,  and  then  spreads  on  both 
.-ides.  It  is  often  produced  by  bard  drinking. 
It-  cure  must  be  attempted  by  regular  regimen, 
and  cooling  means  internally  :  weak  spirituous  or 
saturnine  lotions  externally.  The  affection  is 
usually  very  obstinate, 

(it  ma  Skkena,  Amaurosis  —  g.  Tuban,  Gotta 
percha. 

GUI  I'd".  \u:  \TI>  ROUSSE  \r.  Laudanum 
abbatis  Rousseau — g.  Ammoniac!,  see  Ammoniao 


GUTTALIS    CARTILAGO 


43  8 


GYTLIXG 


gum — g.  Acid  SB  tonieae,  Elixir  Acidura  Hallcri — 
g.  Nervinae,  Alcohol  sulfurico-SBthereas  ferri. 

GUTTjB  Nigr.e,  Ace'tum  o'pii,  Common  Black 
Drop.      (Opii  £vuj,  aceti  destil/at.  tbij.  Infuse.) 

The  celebrated  Black  Drop,  Lan' canter  or  Qua- 
ker's Black  Drop  may  be  made  as  follows.  Take 
half  a  pound  of  opium  sliced;  three  pints  of  good 
verjuice,  (juiee  of  the  wild  crab,)  one  and  a  half 
ounce  of  nutmegs,  and  half  an  ounce  of  saffron. 
Boil  to  a  proper  thickness,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  sugar,  and  two  spoonfuls  of  yeast.  Set 
the  whole  in  a  warm  place,  near  the  fire,  for  six 
or  eight  weeks;  then  place  it  in  the  open  air  un- 
til it  becomes  a  syrup.  Lastly,  decant,  filter,  and 
bottle  it  up,  adding  a  little  sugar  to  each  bottle. 
One  drop  is  equal  to  three  of  laudanum;  and  it 
is  nearly  devoid  of  all  the  unpleasant  exciting 
effects  of  the  latter.  An  analogous  formula  is 
contained  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  under  the  name  Ace' turn  opii,  Vinegar  of 
Opium. 

GUTTALIS  CARTILAGO,  Arytenoid  Carti- 
lage. 

GUTTERIA,  Bronchocele. 

GUTTUR.  The  throat;  the  larynx;  the 
trachea. 

Guttur  Globosum,  Bronchocele — g.  Tumidum, 
Bronchocele. 

GUTTURAL,  Gnttiira'lis,  from  gnttur,  'the 
throat.'     Relating  <>r  belonging  to  the  throat. 

The  Snperwr  Thyroideal  Artery  is  sometimes 
called  Guttural  Artery. 

A  Guttural  Cough  is  one  occasioned  by  irrita- 
tion of  the  larynx  or  trachea. 

A  Guttural  Sound  is  one  produced,  as  it  were, 
in  the  throat. 

GUTTURIS  OS.  Hyoides  os. 

GUTTURNIA,  Arytenoid  cartilages. 

(tYMNA,  Genital  Organs. 

GYMXASIOX,  Exercise. 

GYMNA'SIUM,  from  yv/xvog,  'naked.'  Palais', 
tra.  An  establishment  amongst  the  ancients,  in- 
tended for  bodily  exercises,  as  wrestling,  running, 
&c.  ;  a  term  now  used,  in  Germany  more  espe- 
cially, for  an  academy  or  higher  school. 

GYMNAST,  Gymnas'tes,  Gynmas'ta  ;  same 
etymon.  The  manager  of  a  gymnasium.  One, 
■whose  profession  it  is  to  prevent  or  cure  diseases 
by  gymnastics. 

GYMNASTICS,  Gymnas'tica,  Medici'na  gym- 
nas'tica  seu  euect'ica,  Somascet'ics,  (F.)  Gymnas- 
tique,  Somaacitique.  Same  etymon.  That  part 
of  hygienic  medicine  which  treats  of  bodily  exer- 
cises. It  is  called  Jfeil'ical  Gymnastics.  The 
ancients  had  also  Athlet'ic  Gymnastics,  and  Mil'- 
■ita.ry  Gymnastics.  Herodicus,  of  Selivraja,  first 
propo-ed  gymastics  for  the  cure  of  disease. 

G  YMNASTIQUE,  Gymnastics. 

GYMXEU'RA  LACTIF'ERUM,  Ceylon  cow- 
tree.  Kiriaghuma.  A  tree,  of  the  Family  Apocy- 
naceae,  the  juice  of  which  is  used  by  the  Cinga- 
lese as  milk. 

G  Y  M  N  0  C '  L  A  D  U  S  CANADENSIS,  Coffee 
Tree,  Kentucky  Coffee-bean  Tree,  Idahogany, 
Nickar  Tree,  Bond  tie.  Order,  Le^uininosae  ;  from 
yvuvog,  'naked,'  and  x'XaSog,  'a  branch.'  An  in- 
digenous tree,  which  grows  from  Ohio  to  Louisi- 
ana. The  leaves  are  cathartic,  and  said  to  con- 
tain cytisin.  The  seeds  are  a  good  substitute  for 
coffee. 

GYMXOGRAMME  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
ceterach. 

GYMNOPTERIS  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
C6tt?rn  cii 

GYMXOSIS.  Denudation. 

GYNJE'CANER,  from  yvvn,  yvvatKog,  'a  woman,' 
and  avnp,  'a  man.'  Vir  eff'cemina'tus.  An  effemi- 
nate man. 

GYN^ECANTHE,  Tamus  communis. 


GYN.ECATOP'TEON,  from  yvvn,  yvvatnog,  < a 
woman,'  and  KUTu-rrpov,  '  a  speculum.'  A  specu- 
culum  for  investigating  the  female  organs  of 
generation. 

GYN.ECEA,  Gynaeceia. 

GYXiECEI'A,  Gyucpci'a,  Gyncpce'a,  from  yvvn, 
yvvaiKos,  '  a  woman.'  The  catainenia  : — the  lochia. 
The  diseases  of  women  in  general. — Hippocrates, 
Galen,  Focsius. 

GYNyECEUM,  Antimonium,  Yulva. 

GYXJECE'US,  from  yvvn,  yvvaixog,  'a  woman.' 
Belonging  to  women.     Female.     Feminine. 

GYXiECIA.  Gynaeceia.  Menses. 

GYXiECOLOG"IA,  Gynecology,  from  yvw, 
yvvatKog,  'a  woman,'  and  \oyog,  'a  description.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  nature,  diseases,  &c.  of 
women. 

GYXiECOMA'XIA,  from  yvvn,  yvvaixog,  '  ffn- 
I  man,'  and  fiavia,  'mania,'  'rage.'  That  species 
i  of  insanity,  which  arises  from  love  for  women. 
i  Some  have  used  the  word  syuonymously  with 
'•  nymphomania. 

GYNECOMAZIA,  see  Gvnoecomastus. 

GYN^ECOMAS'TUS,  Gynascoman'thun,  from 
yvvn,  yvvaiKoq,  'woman,'  and  fxuarog,  'a  breast.' 
A  man  whose  breasts  are  as  large  as  those  of  a 
woman.  —  Galen,  Ingrassias.  The  condition  i3 
called  Gyneconui'zia. 

A  considerable  enlargement  of  the  breasts  of  a 
I  female  was  formerly  called  Gyncscomas'ton. 

GY^NECOMYS'TAX,  from"  yvvn,  yvvaiitos,  'wo- 
|  man,  and  /jvaru^,  'the  beard.'  The  hair  on  the 
pubes  of  women. — Rolfink. 

GY'N^ECOPHO'NUS,  from  yvvn,  ywaixog,  'wo- 
man,' and  ([iwvrj,  'voice.'  A  man  who  has  an 
effeminate  voice. 

GYXAXDRIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

GYNANDROP'SIS  PEXTAPHYTL'LA,  Clco'. 
ne  pentaphyl'la,  Ord.  Capparidaceae  ;  an  indi- 
genous plant,  is  possessed  of  diaphoretic  proper- 
ties. The  juice  alone,  or  mixed  with  oil,  has  been 
used  in  earache. 

GYNANDRUS,  Gynanthropus. 

GYNANTHRO'PUS,  Gynan'drus.  An  her- 
maphrodite who  belongs  more  to  the  male  than 
to  the  female  sex. 

GYTNATRE'SIA,  from  yvvn,  'a  woman,'  and 
arprjrog,  'imperforate.'  Closure  or  imperforation 
of  the  external  parts  of  generation  of  the  female. 

GYNE.  Female,  Woman. 

GYNECOLOGY,  Gynrecologia. 

GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite. 

GYNOARIUM,  Ovarium. 

GYNOCARDIA  ODORATA,  Chaulmoogra. 

GYNOPLAS'TIC,  Gynoplas'ticus,  from  yvvn, 
'  a  woman,'  and  rr'Xaacu),  '  I  form.'  The  gynoplas- 
ty operation  is  employed  for  opening  or  dilating 
the  closed  ^r  contracted  genital  openings  of  the 
female. 

GYPSYT-YTEED,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  and  L.  Yir- 
ginicus. 

GYRI  CEREBRI,  Convolutions  (cerebral,)  — 
g.  Cochlear.  Scalae  of  the  Cochlea  —  g.  Intesti- 
nales,  see  Anse. 

GYROMIA  VIRGINICA,  Medeola  Yircjinica. 

GYROPHLE,  see  Eugenia  carvophyllata. 

GYROPHORA,  see  Tripe  cle  Roche. 

GY'RUS,  Convolution  —  g.  Intestinalis,  Anse 
intestinale. 

GYRUS  FORNICA'TUS,  'Arched  convolu- 
tion.' Fillet  of  the  corpus  callosum.  A  large  con- 
volution of  the  brain,  which  lies  horizontally  on 
the  corpus  callosum,  and  may  be  traced  forwards 
and  backwards  to  the  base  of  the  brain,  termi- 
nating by  each  extremity  at  the  fissure  of  Syl- 
vius. The  surface  of  the  hemisphere,  where  it 
comes  in  contact  with  the  corpus  callosum,  is 
bounded  bv  it. 

GYTLING,  Infans. 


HABBEMXG 


439 


II/EMATAXGIOXOSUS 


H. 


HABBERTNG,  Balbo 

ll.u:  EL  KALIMBAT,  Pistacia  terebinth  us. 

UABBI,  Hagenia  Abyssiniea. 

HABBLING,  Balbuties. 

HABE'NA.  .1  Bridle,  TeVamem.  A  bandage 
for  uniting  tbe  lipa  of  wounds;  which,  in  many 
instances,  replaced  the  Buture.—-Galen. 

HABKNJB  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND,  see 
Pineal  Gland. 

HABENUL.fi   OF  THE    PINEAL  GLAND, 
al  Gland. 

KABIL'LA  DE  OARTHAGE'NA,  Bejwio, 
Carthn  ■    P.J  R«    dt   Cartkngi 

kin. I  of  bean  of  Sooth  America,  famed  a* 
fectual  antidote  t'<>r  the  poison  of  all  serpents,  if  a 
small  quantity  be  eaten  immediately. 

HABIT,  Habit*' do,  from  habere,  Jba&tf am,  <  to 
or  to  bold;'  Aatttetu'do,  Mae,  Uene,  Coneue- 
tu'do,  BthoM,  'f^s,  Hexie,  Etkmoe'ymi,  (F.)  Jlubi- 
>,imtcc.  Habit  is  the  aptitude  for 
repeating  certain  acts:  —  or.  a  facility,  which  re- 
sults from  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act. 
It  is.  i  ;      i  rulgar  expression,  'a  Becond 

nature.'      Habit    may    predispose   to    certain    dis- 
ci-    b,     r  it  may  protect   against   them.      It  ought 
not  to  be  lost  sight  of,  in  attending  to  the  pro-  j 
■  of  its  treatment. 

Habit  of  Bout,  Oonttitu'tio,  Bab'itu;  If.  Oor'- 

II-  i  '»,  Epiphani'a,  |  F.)  Habi- 

..  Habitude  du  corps.     The  aggre- 

the  physical  qualities  of  the  human  body. 

HABITUDE,  Habit  — JLoTm  Cnrpe,  Habit  of 
body — //.  Erttrieure,  Habit  of  body. 

HABITDDO,  Habit 

HABITUS,  Habit  of  body  —  h.  Apoplecticus, 
Apoplectic  habit — h.  Corporis,  Habit  of  body — h. 
Quadratus,  see  Apoplectic  —  h.  Torosus,  see  Apo- 
plectic 

H  AKUOMA'XIA.from  'a3pos,  'gay,'  and  ftavia, 
'mania.'  Insanity  in  which  the  delusions  are  of 
a  gay  character. 

Jl  LCHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HACHISCH,  Bangue. 

li  ii  KBERRY,  Celtis  occidentalis,  Prunus 
padus. 

HADDOCK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

II. KM  A.  'tufta,  'aifiaroi,  *  blood.' 

II. KM  ICHROINE,  HsBmatine. 

H.fiMACHRO'SES,  (  (<i.)  Hamaohrosen.) 

fromleme,  and  ^ooxtic,  '  eoloration.'     A  family 

of  diseases  in  which  the  blood  has  its  colour  dif- 

from   usual,  as  in  purpura  and  cyanosis. — 

i 

MACY'ANIN,    from     hrpmn,    and     tcvavos, 
'bine.'    A  blue  colouring  matter,  detected  by  San- 
ton  in  healthy  blood,  and   in   bile  by  some  che- 
-.  hul  nol  by  others. 
HTM  1D0N'08US,  from  lama,  and  voaos,  'a 
\angion'o«H$,  Hamatangionu'eue, 
itangio'sit.      Disease  of  the  blond-vessels. 
HiEMADOSTO'SIS,  from  lama,  and  ootuhtk, 
'a  bony  too  (cation  of  the  blood-ves- 

M  \  DROMOMETER,  Hamodromometer. 
M  IDYNAMETER,  Hsemadynamometer. 
MADYNAM'IC8,    (P.)     Utmadynamique, 
from  hama,  t\u<\  iovaptf,  '  power.'    The  mechanical 
the  circulation  of  the  blood. 


II  X  M  A  D  Y  X  A  M  0  M'F  TFR.  Hcematodyno- 
mom'eter,  Hamadynam'eter,  HcBinom'eter,  Hama- 

,  (F.)  IIi'iiKtili/iimiittic,  Himomitn  ;  from 
henna,  Swapis,  'power,'  ami  pirpov,  '  u  measure.' 
An  instrument  for  measuring  the  force  of  the 
blood  in  the  vessels.  It  consists  of  a  benl  glass 
tube,  the  lower  bent  part  of  which  is  filled  with 
mercury.  A  brass  head  is  fitted  into  the  artery, 
and  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda  is  interposed 
between  the  mercury  and  the  blond,  which  is  al- 
lowed to  enter  the  tube  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting its  coagulation.  The  pressure  of  the 
blood  on  the  mercury  in  the  descending  portion 
of  the  bent  tube  causes  the  metal  to  rise  in  tho 
a.-cending  portion;  and  the  degree  to  which  it 
rises  indicates  the  pressure  under  which  the 
blood  moves. 

11. -KM At; ASTER,  Ha»matogaster. 

HJEMAGASTRIC  PESTILENCE,  Fever, 
yellow. 

HiEMAGOGUM,  Peeonia, 

1KK.M  AGO'GUS,  from  hcema,  and  ayut,  'I 
drive  off.'  A  medicine  which  promotes  the  men- 
strual and  hemorrhoidal  discharges. 

H2EMAL,  from  hama.  Relating  to  the  blood 
or  blood-vessels. 

H.emal  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  tbe  pro- 
jections anteriorly  of  the  ribs  and  sternum  from 
the  bodies  of  the  vertebra1.  It  encloses  the  great 
blood-vessels. — Owen. 

Haemal  Axis,  Aorta — h.  Spine,  Sternum. 

II  .EMALOPIA,  Hemophthalmia,  Hsemalopis. 

J1.KMAL0PIS,  Haemophthalmia. 

HjEMALOPS,  HaMiiophthalmia. 

ILEMAX'THUS  COCCIN'EUS.  A  beautiful 
South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllidca'.  the 
bulb  of  which  is  employed  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
j  given  as  an  oxyincl  in  asthma  and  dropsy.  The 
fresh  leaves  are  antiseptic,  and  applied  to  foul, 
flabby  ulcers,  and  in  anthrax. 

ILKMAPERITOXIRKHAC'IA,  (F.)  HSma- 
piritonirrhagie ;  from  hama,  irzpirovaiov,  '  peri- 
toneum,' and  piiyrj,  ' a  violent  rupture.'  An  ex- 
halation of  blood  into  the  peritoneum. 

EAMAVSJ&'ntfHamatopha'um,  Hamopha'- 
um,  from  hama,  and  tpaios,  'of  a  dusky  colour.' 
A  term  applied  by  Simon  to  the  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  blood,  supposed  by  Borne  to  be  no- 
thing more  than  hivmatin  modified  by  an  alkali. 
HiEMAPH'OBUS,  Bamoph'obue,  from  hama, 
and  <pojioi,  'dread.'  One  who  has  a  dread  of 
blood: — who  cannot  look  at  it  without  fainting. 

H.K.MAPnPUYSES,    Costal    cartilages, 
Costa. 

II  .KM  A  1'<U; ']  AJfa  iiKttajx))'  i(i./f(f,ii<it"j»>r'i<i, 
Oligoha'mia,  Oliga'mia,  from  hama,  and  ampatf 
•poor.'      Paucity  of  blood.      See  Anajmia. 

II. KM Al'l  vsis.  Hamoptysia, 

11. KM  AS,  '(K/jaj,  gen.  'aiftatios.    A  blood-vessel 

ILKMASTATie A,  Heemaiostatica. 

II -K.MASTAT'ICS,  Havnastat'ici,  from  hama, 
and  oraTiKT),  'statics.'  The  Statics  of  the  blood 
and  blood-vessels;  Hemaetatfiee. 

H.KM  \TA.\  LGOGE,  Hasmatemesis. 

II  .KM  ATA  [/LOS  COPY,  HamataUaeeop'ia, 
from  hama,  a\\ou>s,  'different,'  and  okotthv.  'to 
view.'  The  mode  of  distinguishing  different  kinds 
of  blood  from  each  other. — To  IdeL 

HJEMATANGI0N0S1  S,  Hsemadono 


II.EMATAXGIOSIS 


440 


IIJEMATODES 


ELffiMATANGIOSIS,  Hamadonosus. 
ILE M ATA PORIA,  Haemaporia. 
1I.EMATAPORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 
ILEMATAPOSTE'MA,  from   hcema,  and  a-oc- 
THpa,  '  an  abscess.'     An  abscess  which  contains 

blood. 

11. EM ATAULTCA.  Vascular  system. 
II /KM  ATEC'LYSIS,  Hcemotex'ia,  Hcemotex'ia, 
JHeematol'yri*,  Hcematosep'sis,  Sau'guinia  diaaolu'- 
tht;  From  hcema,  and  £*Auats,  'loosening.'     Disso- 
lution of  the  blood. 

1REMATEL.EUM.  see  Blood. 
HiBMATEM'ESIS,  from  hcema,  and  epcw,  *I 
vomit.'  FTtpmorrha'gia  Hcematem'esis,  Vom'itus 
emen'tna,  Vom'itnaBeu  Vomit"  io  San'guinia,  Gas- 
trorrhag"ia,  Ga8tro-ktBmorrhagt,ia,  Hcemorrhag"- 
1*1  rentric' nit,  Hcemorrhce'a  ventric'uli,  Hcemata- 
liago'ge,  Vomiting  «f  Blood,  (F.)  Hemateme.se,  Vo- 
vnssement  de  sang.  Haemateinesis  is  generally 
preceded  by  a  feeling  of  oppression,  weight,  and 
dull  or  pungent  pain  in  the  epigastric  and  in  the 
hypochondriac  regions;  by  anxiety,  and,  occa- 
sionally, by  syncope.  Blood  is  then  passed  by 
vomiting,  and  sometimes,  also,  by  stool, — the  blood 
being  generally  of  a  grumous  aspect.  Haemate- 
inesis  may  be  active  or  passive,  acute  or  chronic. 
The  blood  effused  proceeds  from  rupture  of  vessel, 
or  from  a  sanguineous  exhalation  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach. 
It  is  often  observed  in  females  whose  menstrual 
secretion  is  irregularly  performed.  It  is  not  of 
much  danger,  except  when  connected  with  dis- 
pq?e  of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen. 
On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  from  pro- 
tracted haematemesis, — for  the  acute  kind  is  com- 
paratively devoid  of  danger, — the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  is  found  red  and  inflamed, 
or  black,  and  the  vessels  considerably  dilated. 
Complete  abstinence  from  food;  rest;  the  hori- 
zontal posture  ;  bleeding,  if  the  hemorrhage  be 
active  ;  cold,  acidulous  drinks,  &c,  constitute  the 
usual  treatment. 

H/EMATEXCEPHALUM,  Apoplexy. 
H.EMATEPAGOGE,  Congestion. 
HiEMATERA,  Hepatirrhcea. 
IREMATERUS,  Sanguine. 
IREMATERYTHRUM,  H&ematin. 
HJSMATEXOSTOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 
HxEMATHIDROSIS,  Sudor  ententes. 
IREMATHORAX,  Haematothorax. 
ELffiMATIC,   Sanguine  — h.  Crystals,  Hcema- 
toidin. 

IREMATIASIS,  Haematonosus. 
H^EMAT'ICA,  from  hcema.      Diseases  of  the 
sanguineous   function: — the   third   class   in   the 
nosology  of  Good.     Also,  medicines  that  act  on 
the  blood. — Pereira. 

HiEMATiCA  Doctrixa,  Hematology. 
HEMATIC  US,  Sanguine. 
IREMATIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 
HiE'MATIX,  Hcemati'na,  Hem'atine,  Hce'ma- 
toxin,  ffem'atosine,  Hcemater'  ythrum,  Hcemer'y- 
thrum,  Zoohem'atin,  Hemachro'in,  Hematocru' ine, 
Gli'adine,  Pho?.'  nndine,  Pha'nicine,  Hcemato- 
ehro'ite,  Cru'orin,  liabrin,  Glob' id  in  of  Some; 
Range  du  Sang;  from  hcema.  The  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  blood.  It  resides  in  distinct  parti- 
cles or  globules,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  some  ob- 
servers, in  the  envelope  of  the  globules.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  of  a  peculiar  character,  and  one  that 
has  not  yet  been  determined  by  the  chemist. 
That  the  colour  of  the  blood  is  not  owing  to  the 
peroxide  of  iron  which  it  contains  is  shown  by 
the  fact  mentioned  by  Scherer,  that  he  removed 
the  inm  by  acids,  and  yet  a  deep  red  tincture  was 
formed  when  alcohol  was  added  to  the  residuum. 


IREMATIX'IC,  Hce.mutin'icus  :  from  Icematin, 
'  the  red  colouring  matter  of  the  blood.'  An  agent 
that  augments  the  number  of  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood. — Pereira. 

IREMATIXIC  CRYSTALS,  Haematoidin. 

H^EMATIX  US.  Sanguine. 

IREMATIS'CHESIS,  Hcemis'chesia,  Hcemo- 
erjfph'ia,  from  hania,  and  io%tiv,  '  to  suppress.' 
The  retention  or  suppression  of  a  natural  or  arti- 
ficial flow  of  blood. 

ELEMATISMUS,  Epistaxis,  Haemc-rrhagia. 

H/EMATISTH'AIUS,  from  hem  a,  and  leduos, 
'pharynx.'     Hemorrhage  into  the  pharynx. 

EJEMATI'TES, Hcemati'tis,  from  'aipa,  'blood,' 
Resembling  blood.  Lapis  Hcemati'tee.  A  beau- 
tiful ore  of  iron,  called  also,  Bloodstone,  O'chrea 
rubra,  Ox'ydum  fer'rieum  vryntaUiza'tum  nati'- 
vum,  Ferritin  Haematites.  When  finely  levigated, 
and  freed  from  the  grosser  parts,  by  frequent 
washings  with  water,  it  has  been  long  recom- 
mended in  hemorrhage,  fluxes,  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, <fec,  in  doses  of  from  one  scruple  to  three  or 
!  four.     Also,  a  vessel  that  contains  blood,  'aifiari- 

H^EMATMUS,  Gaz  sanguinis. 

HiEMATOCATHAR'TICA,  from  hcema,  and 
icadapots,  '  purification  or  purgation.'  Remedies 
for  purifying  the  blood. 

HiEMATOCE'LE,  from  'atpa,  'ai/jaros,  'blood/ 
and  KJi\n,  '  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  blood. 
|  By  some,  this  term  has  been  applied  to  a  tumour 
|  formed  by  blood,  effused  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  scrotum.  Others  have  used  it  for  tumours 
arising  from  effusion  of  blood  into  the  tunica  va- 
ginalis:— hematocele,  according  to  them,  differ- 
ing from  hydrocele,  only  in  the  character  of  the 
effusion. — Heister.  Others,  again,  have  applied 
it  to  effusions  of  blood  into  the  interior  of  the 
tunica  albuginea  itself.  —  Richter.  The  first  is 
the  usual  acceptation.  It  is  most  commonly 
caused  by  wounds  or  contusions  ;  and  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  discutients,  &c.  Some- 
times it  is  necessary  to  evacuate  the  effused  blood. 

Hematocele  Arteriosa,  Aneurism. 

IREMATOCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  HimatoeSphale. 
A  monster  in  which  an  effusion  of  blood  on  the 
brain  has  given  occasion  to  more  or  less  singular 
deformities. 

H.EMATO-CEREBRIFORM  DISEASE,  En- 
cephaloid. 

HiEMATOCHE'ZIA,  from  hcema,  and  ^u.  'I 
go  to  stool.'  Sedes  cruen'tce,  Catarrhex'ia  vera, 
Enterorrhag"ia  simplex,  Diarrhoe'a  omenta  seu 
sangninolen'ta,Hce'  mato-diarrhce'a,  Hcemoi'i  hng"~ 
ict  intestino'rum,  En' tero-h cemorrhag" ia,  (F.)  He- 
morrhagic des  intestins,  Ecoulement  de  sang  par 
VIntestin.  Discharge  of  blood  by  stool.  See 
Melsena. 

H.EMATOCHROITE,  Hsematin. 

H^IMATOCHYSIS,  Haetnorrhagia. 

H^EMATOCCE'LIA,  from  hcema,  and  Koiha, 
'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  abdomen. 

H.EMATOCOL'PUS,  from  hcema,  and  itoA»os, 
'vagina.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  vagina. 
Accumulation  of  blood,  owing  to  occlusion  of  the 
vagina. 

H.EMATOCRYSTALLIN,  Haamatoidin. 

HjEMATOCYAXOPATHIA,  Cyanopathy. 

H^MATOCYAXOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

H.EMATOCYSTE,  Hematoma  saccatum. 

H.EMATOCYST'IS,  from  htema.  and  kvotis, 
'bladder.'     Hemorrhage  into  the  bladder. 

IREMATO'DES,  HcematoVdes,  Sangnin'ens, 
Hce'matoid,  Hem'atoid,  from  hcema,  and  tioos, 
'  appearance.'  That  which  contains  blood,  or  has 
the  character  of  biood. 


ii.i:matodiaiiuhm:a 


A  11 


II  .E  M  A  T  0  \\  11 II  (E  A 


H.SWATOD1  Ff(Piinitn)in/'i>-t,    Finn/us 

estacro'tua  k+mato'des,  Mefo'nafungi/oa  card  no  - 
dee,  Augidioepou'epte,  Augiomy'eee,  Hmmat 

t/>i«,    Tltmor fuHOv'*U*   K'liK/itin'cfix    MQ    anifit'alnx, 

Uareiuo'ma  Hmmato'dee,  Careino'ma  Spongio'- 
*'</;),  Spou'goid  inflammation,  /'u//>>/  or  ifed'ul- 
ltry  Sn  ling  Fangn*,  Soft  Cd         .    1 

Caret m4 me  aan giant,  Himedoueie  fongoide.  An  ex- 

.  alarming  carcinomatous  affection,  which 
\\  i-  first  described,  with  accuracy,  by  Mr.  John 
Burns,  <•;'  Glasgow.  It  consists  in  the  develop- 
taeot  of  eanoerous  tumours,  in  which  the  inflam- 
mation is  accompanied  with  violent  heat  and  pain, 

Lb  fungus  and  bleeding  excrescences.  Bven 
when  th"  diseased  part  is  extirpated  at  :i  very 
early  period,  recovery  rarely  follows;  other  or- 
gans being  generally  implicated  at  the  same  time. 
Fungus  bsamatodea  was  the  term  lir-t  applied  to 
the  disease  by  -Mr.  Hey  of  Leeds.  Mr.  J.  Burn! 
called  it  Spongoid  inflammation,  from  the  spongy, 

reel,  which  peculiarly  characterizes  it,  and 
continue-  even   after  ulceration    has   taken    place. 

The  disease  has.  must  frequently,  been  met  with 

i:i  the  eyeball,  the   upper  and   lower  extremities, 
and  mamma;  but  it  occurs  in  the  uterus, 
ovary,  liver,  spleen,  brain,  lungs,  thyroid  gland, 
and  in  the  hip  and  shoulder-joint. 

Some  French  surgeons  designate,  by  this  name. 
itnoura  which  were  formerly  termed  anor- 
nmlee,    cavernenee*,  variqneueee,  called  Erectile* 
by  Dupuytren,  Himatonciea,  by  Alibert,  and  7'e- 
Ineia  by  (irate. 
II  r.  .1  \  P0D1  VKillPK  \.  Hsematoehexia. 
II  KM  lTODYNAMOMETER,Hsamadynamo- 
• 

11. KM  ITOQ  ISTER,  from  hoema,  and  yaorijp, 

ih.'      Bffusion  of  blood  into  the  stomach. 
II  KM  \T'm;i;nm;ti<'A.  Huematopoetica. 
ll.KM  A  r<)(}  LOBULIX,    see    Globules    of   the 

11  BMATOGRA'PHIA,  Hamatog'rapky,  from 
hoema,  and  y/.<iyv,  'a  description.'     A  description 
of  the  blood. 
II.KM  \  rOID,  nematodes. 

[ATOlD'IN,  Hamatocrya'tallin,  Hcema- 
itic,  hoe i» in  or  blood  crystals,  (F.) 
HSmatoldine,  Crystaux  d'Himatine.  A  substance 
found  in  the  midst,  or  in  the  ricinity,  of  effusions 
of  blood,  which  is  cither  in  amorphous  masses, 
or,  more  frequently,  in  minute  rhomboidal  crys- 
tals, or  in  fine  needles.  It  is  considered  to  be 
hemat-osin  separated  from  the  globules  of  the 
blood,  and  passed  from  the  state  of  a  non-orystal- 
lisable  organic  substance  to  one  of  a  crystalline 
chemical  compound. 

II  EM  ITOL'OQY,  Hematology,  ff*matolog"ia, 
icn  doctri'na,  i  F.  )H(matologie,  from  hama, 
k,  'a  discourse.1     That  part  of  medioine 
which  treat-  of  the  blood. 

II  cvaTOLOor,  Patholoo"ical,  (F.)  Himatolo- 
<!■•■   pathologiqne.     Observation  of  the  blood  to 
its  varying  characters  in  disease. 
B  KM  VTOL'YSJ  II  a  ...at  .My  sen, 

from  hama,  and  >  tion.'     An  order  of 

-  in  which  th<»ie  is  diminished  coagulabi- 
lity of  the  blood.— Pucbs. 

II  KM  IT0LY8IS,  Bmmateclysis, 
II  KM  ITOLYTICUM,  Bpanmmio. 
II  EMATO'MA,  Thrombin,  Tumor  aanguin'eu*. 
A  bloody  tumour,   especially   of  the  scalp  of  the 
■  rn. 
II  km  \  ro'M  v  S  \i  CA'TUH.     An  encysted  tumour 
eontai  ling  blood  —  Hamatoeya'ti. 

II  BM  ITOMANTI'A,  from  hama, and  uavrua, 
'divination.'    Judgment  of  disease  from  the  ap- 
the  bloo  I. 
1I.KMA1m.MaTK A.  .Metrorrhagia. 


1 1. KM  ATOMETACHYSIS,     Transfusio     san- 

gum  is. 

lI.KMATo.MKTUA.  Metrorrhagia. 

II.KM  ATcM  MA.  B sam ophthalmia. 

II.KM  1TOMPHALOCE'  LB,  Hamatom'pha- 
liim,  Hamatompha'lut,  from  liama,  o/ii/uAoj,  •  the 
navel,'  and  ktjXii,  'a  tumour.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
the  sac  of  which  encloses  a  bloody  scrum,  or 
which  has.  at  its  surface,  a  number  of  varicose 
win-;   constituting  Varicomf phulue. 

ll.KMATOMPlIAU'M.  Besmatomphalocele. 

HiEMATOMYCES,  Bsamatodea  fungus. 

11. KM  A  Ton vi  .-.  V,)Hfmatoncie,  froinA«»a, 
and  oyxas,  'a  tumour.'  Alibert  has  given  this 
name  to  Navi  mater'ni,  Varicoee  tumour*,  lie 
admits  three  varieties :  —  the  II.  fongoxdc,  11. 
framboieie,  and  //.  tubi 

1LK.M  ATuN'usi'S.  Hmmati'aeie,  Hamettoptu 
thi'a,  lla ■iiii'jtuihi'u.  from  hama,  and  rocus,  'dis- 
ease.'     A    disease   of    the    blood.      A    h&ntie    or 

bhiixl-il 7».  ii  9<  .  » 

1KEMATOPATIIIA.  Haa  ma  ton  cans. 

H2EMATOPEDESIS,  Bee  Diapedesis. 

II  .K  m  ATOPERICA  R'Dl  BM, from hama, 

and  T7toiKa,ihov,  'pericardium.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  pericardium. 

ll.KMATolMLKKM.  Hmmaphmin. 

BJEMATOPHIL'IA,  HamophiVia,  Hmmorrlo- 

phil'ia,ldi68yn4ra'eia  hannorrhag"icti,  from  hctma, 
and  (/.(Atw,  'I  love.'     A  hemorrhagic  diathesis. 

II.KMATOPIILKBKS'TASIS.  Budden  sup- 
pression  of  a  hemorrhage;  —  from  armrts  'aiiiaros 
<t>hc0ii>v,  'suppression  of  the  blood  of  the  veins.' — 
Galen. 

ILKMAT(>PITOP/IA,  Hamophob'fa,  from  la- 
mer, and  </>o/3os,  'dread.'  Dread  or  horror  at  the 
sight  of  blood,  producing  syncope,  <kr. 

II.KMATOPIITIIALMIA,  Ha? m ophthalmia. 

II.KMATOPII'TIIORKS.  (G.)  llama  to  ph- 
thoren;  from  hoema,  and  +dopa,  'corruption.' 
An  order  of  diseases  in  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  the  blood  is  materially  altered  in  com- 
position, as  in  typhus. 

ILKMATOP'ISIS,  (F.)  HSmatopfaie.  M.  Ca- 
puron,  of  Paris,  has  applied  the  term  Himatopieie 
uterine,  from  analogy  with  Hydr opiate  uterine,  to 
a  collection  of  blood  which  sometimes  takes  place 
in  the  uterus,  when,  owing  to  faulty  conforma- 
tion, the  exit  of  the  menstrual  flux  is  prevented. 

ll.KMATnPKA'XIA.  Hcematoplane'eia,  from 
her  inn,  and  nkuvn,  'wandering.'  A  vicarious  he- 
morrhage. 

II  ivatoplania  MCNSTRUALTS,  Menstruation, 
vicarious. 

SOMATOPLASM  A,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

II.KMATnPI.KTlloliA,  Plethora. 

JI.KMATolMK A.  BsBraatopoetioa, 

BJEMAT0P0ESI8,  Beam  at 

II.KMATnpriK T'K'A.  Hatmntopos'a,  Ihrninto- 
i/eiiet'ien,    '  I >li lodma Ucrs,'    trmn    henna,   and   roicia, 

•I  make.'  Agents  that  favour  hsBmatosis.  [roa 
was  called  by  the  anoientc  /"<  tal'lum  hcBmatopoet'' 
least. 

HiEMATOPOIESIS,  Beamatosis. 

B^BMATOPORIA,  Basmaporia. 

II. KM  ATOPS,  Hamophthaimia. 

II.KM  VlnPSIA.  HaMnophthalmia. 

II. KM  kTOPTYSIA,  Bmmoptysfs. 
II.KM  AT0PTY8IS,  Hsamoptysis. 

ll.KMATor.PIIACIIIS.  Apoplexia  myelitica. 
II.KM  \ T0RRHAG1  \.  Btemorrbagia. 

ILKMATcKKlI'K A,  Ibe.norrhagia. 


HJEMATORRHOSIS 


4  4  2 


HJEMOMETRECTASIA 


HJEMATORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 

HiEMATORRHTSIS,  Ilemorrhagia. 

H^MATOSCHEOCE'LBjjHiBmoM&eocc'fe^ffa- 
matoa'cheum,   from   hcema,   ooxcov,  'scrotum/  and 
K}j\ri,  'rupture.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the  scro-  , 
turn. 

1LEMAT0SCIIEEM,  Heniatoscheocele. 

UiBMATOSCOP'IA,  Hcemoscop'ia,  (F.)Hemor- 
rhoseopie,  from  hcema,  and  cuo-eio,  'I  view.'  An 
examination  of  blood  drawn. 

HJEMATOSEPSIS,  Heuiateclysis. 

H^BMATOSIN,  Heinatin. 

IIJEMATO'SIS,  Excemato'sis,  Enhcemato'sis, 
HoEniati)  pole's  is,  Hcematopoe'sis,  Proerea'tio  san- 
guinis, Decarbonizer' tion  or  Atmospheriza'tion  of 
the  blood,  Sanguifiea'tion ;  from  hcema.  The 
transformation  of  the  venous  blood  and  chyle 
into  arterial  blood  by  respiration.  Called,  also, 
Aeration,  and  Arterializa'tion,  of  the  blood.  For- 
mation of  blood  in  general. 

HiBM ATOSPILIA# Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

H.EMATOSPOXGES,  nematodes  fungus. 

H^MATOSTATICA,  from  havna,  and  mn/c^ 
'static*.'  Ischce'mia.  Hoemastat' tea,  Hcematostat' - 
ics,  Hcemostat'  ics.  Hematostat'ics,  Hemostatics, 
Euce'ma,  (F.)  Hematostatiques,  Hemastatiques, 
Hemostatiques.  The  doctrine  of  the  motion  of 
the  blood  in  living  bodies.  Also,  remedies  for 
stopping  blood.     Styptics. 

H .EMATOS'TEOX,  from  hcema,  and  oartov,  'a 
hone.'    Effusion  of  blood  into  the  bones  or  joints. 

HJEMATOSYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 

IEEMATOSYXAGOGE.  Congestion. 

ELffiMATOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 

IREMATOTHO'RAX,  Hasmatho'rax,  Ha>mo-  n 
tho'rax,  Hcemop'tysis  inter'na,  PlenrorrKos' a  san- 
guin'ea,  Pleurorrhag"ia,  Pneumorrhag"ia  inter'na, 
ffemorrhag"ic  Pleu'risy,  Pleural  hem'orrhage, 
from  hcema,  and  0u>pa£,  'the  chest.'  Extravasa- 
tion of  blood  into  the  chest. 

HJEMATOXYLOX,  IE  Campechianum. 

H  M  M  A  T  0  X '  Y  L  0  X  CAMPECHIA'XEM. 
from  hcema,  and  %v\ov,  '  wood.'  Aca'cia  Zeylon'ica, 
Logwood.  The  part  of  the  tree  used  in  medicine 
is  the  wood,  Hcematox'y/i  Lignum,  Lignum  Cam-  || 
pechen'se  seu  Campechia'num  seu  Campesca'num 
seu  In'dicnm  seu  Sappan  seu  Brasilia' nnm  ru- 
brum  seu  cceru'leum,  Hcematox'  ylon  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
(F.)  Bois  de  Campeche.  Family,  Leguininose. 
Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  Logwood  is 
almost  inodorous;  of  a  sweetish,  subastringent 
taste:  and  deep  red  colour.  Its  virtues  are  ex- 
tracted both  by  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  astrin- 
gent and  tonic,  and  is  used  in  the  protracted 
stage  of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

HJEMATOZO'A,     (F.)     Hematozoaires,     from  ' 
hcema.  and  £*k>v,  'animal.'    Eutozoain  the  hlood. 

H.EMATERESIS,  Hematuria. 

HJEMATE'RIA,  Hce  mature' sin,  from  hcema. 
and  ovpEu),  '  I  make  urine.'  Voiding  of  blood  by 
urine.  ffamu>rrhagtfia  hcematu'ria,  H.  ex  viis 
urina'riis.  Hcemure'sis,  ffcemu'ria,  Jfictio  Cruen'ta  ! 
seu  Sanguin'ea,  Hiatus  Cruen'tus  seu  Sanguineus. 
Hcemorrhep'a  via'rum  urinaria' rum,  Sanguis  in  I 
Uri'na,  Bloody  urine,  (F. )  Pissement  de  Sang,  | 
Hematurie.  Hemorrhage  from  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  urinary  passages.  Like  other  he- 
morrhages, it  may  be  active  or  passive.  It  may 
proceed  from  the  kidneys,  Xeph  rcemorrhag"  ia, 
bladder,  or  urethra.  The  essential  symptoms 
are: — blood,  evacuated  by  the  urethra;  preceded 
by  pain  in  the  region  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys, 
and  accompanied  by  faintness.  "Whencesoever 
it  proceeds,  hematuria  usually  takes  place  by 
exhalation.     Rupture  of  vessels  is  by  no  means  | 


common  in  the  mucous  membranes.  Active  hoe- 
maturia  requires  general  or  local  blood-letting; 
diluent  and  cooling  drinks;  absolute  rest;  and 
the  horizontal  posture.  The  chronic  kind  is 
more  troublesome.  It  requires  acidulated  or 
aluminous  drinks;  chalybeates  and  tonics  in 
general.  When  hematuria  is  excessive,  cold 
injections  may  be  thrown  into  the  rectum  or  into 
the  vagina  of  women,  and  topical  applications  be 
made  to  the  perineum. 

Hematuria  Cystica,  Cystorrhagia — h.  Ejacu- 
latoria,  Spermatocystidorrhagia —  h.  Seminalis, 
Spermatocystidorrhagia — h.  Stillatitia,  Crethror- 
rhagia. 

H-EMATES,  from  hcema,  and  ovq,  gen.  wroj, 
'the  ear.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the  ear. 

IEEMAXIS,  Blood-letting. 

H.EMEXCEPHALES,  Apoplexy. 

HLaSMENDOCAR'DIUM,  (F.)  Hemeiidocarde, 
from  hcema,  and  'endocardium,'  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  heart.  Inflammation  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  heart. 

ttEMERYTHRUM,  Hematin. 

HiEMIC,  Hce'micus,  from  hcema,  'blood.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  blood;  as  a  "hemic 
disease," — a  blood  disease. 

H.EMIDROSIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H.EMIX  CRYSTALS,  see  Hematoidin. 

IEEMISCHESIS,  Hematischesis. 

IEEMETIS,  from  'aipa,  'blood,'  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  blood.  (F.)  Bemite.  The  alteration  of  tho 
blood  that  occurs  in  inflammatory  diseases. — 
Piorry. 

IEEMO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism  (acute). 

HJBMOCARDIORRHAG"IA,JfliBmocar'rfiMm, 
Apoplex'ia  cordis,  Apoplexy  of  the  heart,  (F.) 
Hemorrhagic  ou  Apoplexie  du  Coeur,  Hemocarde, 
from  hcema,  icapSia,  '  the  heart,'  and  'priyvvfii,  '  I 
break  forth.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  Bubstance 
of  the  heart. 

H.EMOCARDIEM,  Hemocardiorrhagia. 

H.EM0CERCH'X03.  This  term  has  received 
two  acceptations,  owing  to  the  different  senses 
in  which  kio^vos  is  employed;  signifying,  some- 
times, hissing;  at  others,  dry.  Consequently, 
the  Hellenists  have  translated  the  compound 
word,  at  times,  by  spitting  of  blood,  with  hissing 
in  the  throat;  at  others,  by  evacuation  of  dry 
matters. 

H.EMOCRYPHIA,  Hematischesis. 

H.EMODES,  Sanguine. 

HJEMO'DIA,  Hcemodias'mus,  Hemo'dia,  He- 
betu'do  seu  Stupor  Den'tium,  from  'at/zw^w,  {'aipai, 
'blood,' and  odovg,  'tooth,')  'I  have  pain  in  the 
teeth.'  Pain  in  the  teeth,  and  more  especially 
Agacement,  or  the  setting  on  edge  of  those  bodies 
by  acid  or  acerb  substances.  It  is  also  called 
Odon'tia  Stupo'ris,  OdontaV'gia  hcemo'dia,  Dolor 
den'tium  ci  strido're,  Cataplex'is,  Odontamblyog'- 
7nus,  Odonthypercesthe'sis,  Tooth-edge. 

RfiMODIASMUS,  Hemodia. 

H^MODROMOM'ETER.  Hcemadromom'efer, 
from  hcema,  EtJop.oi,  'course,'  and  nerpov,  'a  mea- 
sure.' An  instrument  for  measuring  the  rate  of 
the  blood's  movement.  It  consists  of  a  glass 
tube,  52  inches  long,  containing  water,  bent  into 
the  form  of  a  hair-pin,  which  is  substituted  fur  a 
segment  of  the  bloodvessel,  the  velocity  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  is  required  to  measure.  The 
column  of  blood,  which  comes  from  the  heart, 
pushes  the  column  of  water  before  it.  and  thus 
enables  the  velocity  of  the  blood  to  be  estimated. 

1EEM0TDES,  Sanguine. 

lEEMOMETRECTA'SIA,  from  hcema,  uirpa, 


[OPATHIA 


1  I  3 


II.  E  MO  hi:  II  ACTA 


-.'  and  ttravtt,  'dilatation.1     Dilatation  of 
•  I. 
BUBMOPATH1  \.  Hsematonnsus. 
II  £MQPERI<  AK  DH  .M.   Perieardi'tit 
iato'ria,    V.    Hhnopiriearde,  from  'an*ut,  ' blood,' 
and  pericardium.    Effusion   of  blood   into   the 
pericardium. 

ii.i:M"ri:i;iT"\.i:T.M.    from    ftstara,    and 
KtpiToituov,  'peritoneum.1  of  blood  into 

the  peritoneum. 

II.K.MnPK.VI.V..   (G.)  Ham. .pox  ion,  from 
i  dation.1     An    order   of 
a   in  which  there  is  increased  ooag 
lity   of   the   blood.  —  Hyperino'ei*   aau'guini*. — 
Fucbs. 

11  fiMOPHEUM,  Haemaphein. 
HEMOPHILIA,  UaeinatophUia, 
HOMOPHOBIA,  Hamatophobia. 
H.K.Mol'HrilAL'.MlA.    HamatophthaV mfa, 
i,    from   ha  ma,  and   o^daX/.ti>g.  'eye.' 
ilo'pia,  //,/' iiitt/"]><,   Hypa'mia 
sen  ApopUx'ia  oc'uli.     Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
eye.     W  ien  the  extravasation  is  external,  it  is 
•ailed   Heamophthal'mia   exter'na,    Hypoaphag'ma 
and  II, ,  .."II  :  when  internal,  Hcsmoph- 

thal'mi  Hydrophthal'mue  cruen'tit*,  //</- 

tin  hamato'de*,  Hcematom'ma,  and  J. 
A  blood-shot  eye. 
1!  BMOPLANIA  MENSTRUALIS,  Menstrua- 
tion, vicarious. 

HfiMOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 
HiEMOPROCTIA,  Hsemorrhoia. 
HJSMOPTOE,  Hwmoptysis  —  h.  Laryngea  et 
Tracbealis,  Tracheorrbagia, 
I'  -i:Al  -  >  ;* ;  OStS,  Haemoptysis. 
HJSMOP'TYSIS,    from    heema,   and   nrvu,  'I 
spit.'     Spitting  of  bloody  Hamorrhag"ia  I/ceuiop'- 
p'tytit,    Ha matoptya' ia,    Hesmatop'- 
ti/iix,  I-  o'ica  pas'tiOf  //</  - 

moptya'tnua,  U&mopto'ai8t  Sputum  aang'uini*  ecu 

Ctio  ii'tii/H,   Snii'ijiii'iiis  j/itnr    f>il/iilo'iliini,   Emopto'- 

i lii  mutia'mua,  Hamorrhos'a  pulmona'- 
i'tio,  Hamorrhag"ia  pulmo'nia 
seu  bron'chiea,  Paa'tio  h&mopto'ica,  Rejec'tio 
*ang'  uinia  i  pnlmo'nibua,  Expectora'tio  aang'uini*, 
J 'm  umort'hatj"ia,Pneumonorrhag"ia,Pneumonor- 
rha 'a,  lironchorrhag"ia,  Emp'tyaia,  Hojmop'toe, 
i  I'.  //.'  .  i  ■  tie,  C  acht  nn  ni  de  tang,  Exp  ctora- 
h'oti  deaang,  Angiairhimie,  Angiairrhagie,  HSmo- 
angiairrhagie.  —  Piorry.  Hemorrhage  from  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  lungs;  characterised 
bj  the  expectoration  of  more  or  less  florid  and 
frothy  blood.  It  ia  generally  preceded  by  cough; 
dyspnoea;  Bense  of  beat  in  the  chest)  Ac.  It  is 
important  to  discriminate  between  haemoptysis, 
produi  lental  cause  acting  irre- 

gularly or  periodically  on  the  Lungs;  and  that 
which  is,  as  it  were,  constitutional,  and  dependent 
on  some  organic  affection  of  the  lungs,  or  some 
faulty  conformation  of  the  chest.  These  two 
varieties  differ  as  much  in  their  prognosis  and 
:  i  of  treatment  as  in  their  eau 

tutional  bsBtnoptysu  ia  a  sen  .  almost 

-  announcing  phthisis  pulmonalis.  The  ac- 
cidental variety  is  chiefly  dangerous  l>y  frequent 
recurrence,  or  too  great  loss  of  blood. 

The  ,  tea  of  haemoptysis  are  the  tame 

'her  kinds  of  hemorrhage.     It  has, 
ea;  such  as  1 
of  the  lungs;  loud  Bpeaking;  playing  on 
wind  instruments,  breathing  acrid  vapoura,  .v  •■. 
It  usually  occurs  between  puberty  and  I 
and  terrific  kind  oi 
•    with;    consisting    in   ■ 
ol    blood   to  the    lungs.     '1  bis    ha  ■ 
called  Pul'monnry  Ap'oplexy,  ApopUx'ia  pulmo- 
uu'lit  sou  pulmo'num,  Pneumurrhag"iaf  In/are'tua 


hojmorrhng"icua  jtithim'iiinii,  I.  hatmopto'ieu*  f.ni'n- 

'  poplexie  pulmonaire,  Hfmoptyaie /ou- 

droyante,  Himorrhagxe   iuteratitieUe  ilu  Poumon. 

Infiltration  of  blood  into  the  air-cells  may  oeeur 
without  any  haemoptyaia. 

o/  aigna.  Percuaaion  may  not  always 
aid  na  in  bsBmoptyais,  hut  generally  a  circum- 
scribed dulness  will  he  perceived.  The  inspira- 
tory murmur,  on  auscultation,  is  feeble  or  absent, 
locally  :  and  is  replaced  by  bronchial  respiration 
and  bronchophony.  A  line  liquid  crepitus  ia  de- 
tected around  the  atVected  part  :  and  in  the  largi  r 
tubes,  near  the  spine,  a  liquid  bubbling  rhoncbua 
is  usually  heard.  The  value  of  these  signs  ia  de- 
termined by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration.  Tl  e 
treatment  of  hemoptysis  must  he  like  that  of  in- 
ternal hemorrhage  in  general. 

HAEMOPTYSIS  LttTKRNA,  1 1  ematothorax —  h.  La- 

ryngea  el  Tracbealis,  Tracheorrhagia — b.  Phthi- 
sis, Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

H£MOPTYSMUS,  Haemoptysis. 

HiEMORMESIS,  Congestion,  Hyperemia. 

B£MORRHACHIS,  Apoplexis  myelitica. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Hsemorrhagia. 

HJ5M0RRBAG"IA,  from  hama,  and  ptrywut, 
'  I  break  forth.'  Snn'guinieproflu'vinm  eopio'anni, 
Sanguijfux'u*,  Hoymatoch' yai»,  Aimorrh&'a,  lln- 
morrhos'a,  Ht9matorrhag"ia,  Hamatit'mue,  Ha- 
matorrkce'a,  Hamator'rhyaia,  Harmorr'hyaia,  I'm- 
/hi'iiiini  sen  Prorup'tio  seu  Bruptim  aanguinia, 
Profu'aio  Sang'uini*,  Hem'orrhage,  Hemorrhage, 
Bleeding,  Lou  of  blood,  Rupturing,  bunting,  <>r 
breaking  of  a  blood-venel,  (Prow)  Floating,  (F.) 
Hfmorrhagie  ou  H&morhagie,  Perte  de  tang,  Flux 
de  tang.  Any  discharge  of  blood  from 
destined  to  contain  it  :  with  or  without  rupture  of 
their  coats.  Hemorrhages  may  be  apontaneoua  or 
traumatic:  the  first  belong  to  the  domain  of  me- 
dicine, the  latter  to  that  of  surgery.  Tbey  nvy, 
also,  lie  internal  or  external;  general  —  as  in 
scurvy — or  local.  The  hemorrhage*  by  exhtilation 
—  those  which  chiefly  interest  the  physician  — 
have  been  classed,  by  Pinel,  as  follows:—  1.  He- 
morrhage <>f  the  ifiicoua  Membrane* j  Bpiataxia, 
Haemoptysis,  Haemateuiesis.  Haemorrhoids,  Hae- 
maturia,  Uterine  Hemorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhagt  ■>/ 
tht    Tit .•  I  !utaneous,  Cellular,  Serous.  Synovial. 

Hemorrhages  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  ocr »©<  and  paaaive:  in  other  words  into  those 
dependent  upon  augmentation  of  the  organic  ac- 
tions, and  those  dependent  upon  debility. 
cording  to  Br0U88ai8,  no  spontaneous  hemorrhage 
is  passive;  all  are  active,  —  that  is,  produced  by 
increased  action  and  excess  ol'  irritation  of  the 
b|ood-ve>seIs  :  they  may  occur  with  debility,  but 
not  from  debility.  He  calls  those  only  \ 
hemorrhage*,  which  are  owing  to  an  external 
lesion  of  the  vessels.  Hemorrhages  have  been, 
by  some,  divided  into  cotittitutional,  or  th< 
pending  on  original  conformation:  —  atcidtntnl, 
or  those  produced  by  some  adventitious  cause  • 
aupplementary,  or  those  which  succeed  others  ; 
aymptomatic,  critical,  <fcc.  A  teeondary  hemor- 
rhage ia  one  that  occurs  some  time  after  wounds 
or  operations. 

When  hemorrhage  takes  place  into  any  tissue, 
or  is  interatitial,  it  receives  the  name,  with  many, 
of  apoplexy. 

Aetivi    Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhag"ia  oefi'i 
arterio'ea,     Oauma     hetmorrhagJieum,     Angeinr- 
i -li'ii/" in,  OOOUrS  chiefly  in  the  young  and    pletho- 
ric.    <;,,.„!  living;  the  a f  fermented  liqnor — 

.  or  too  sedentary  a  li: 

perhaps  be  ranked  as  predisponei  t  causes.     It  is 

commonly  preceded  by  heaviness  and  pulsation 

part.  —  owing   to   the   afflux    of  blood    and 

lent  hypersemia, — and  by  coldni  bs  of  tho 

extremities.     The  blood,  evacuated,  is  generally 


HJEMORRIIINTA 


444 


HAEMORRHOIS 


of  a  florid  red.  In  such  active  hemorrhages,  the 
great  indications  of  treatment  will  be,  to  dimi- 
nish plethora  where  it  exists,  and  to  lessen  the 
heart's  action.  Bleeding,  purgatives,  and  cold, 
will  be  the  chief  agents. 

Passive  Hemorrhage,  H&morrhag" ia  passi'va 
seu  veuo'sa,  Profit' no,  P.  haiinorrhay" ica,  occurs 
in  those  of  weak  constitution  ;  or  who  have  been 
debilitated  by  protracted  disease,  poor  diet,  long 
watching,  excessive  evacuations,  <fec. 

The  direct  causes  may  be:  —  previous  active 
hemorrhage;  scorbutus,  or  any  thing  capable  of 
inducing  atony  or  asthenic  hyperemia  of  the 
small  vessels.  These  hemorrhages  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  excitement  or  by  any  signs  of  local  de- 
termination. They  are  usually  accompanied  by 
paleness  of  the  countenance  ;  feeble  pulse  ;  faint- 
ing, &q.  The  indications  of  treatment  will  be: — 
to  restore  the  action  of  the  small  vessels  and  the 
general  tone  of  the  system:  hence  the  utility  of 
styptics  and  cold  externally  ;  and  of  tonics  and 
astringents,  creasote,  mineral  acids,  &c,  inter- 
nally. Hemorrhage  also  occurs  from  mechanical 
hyperaemia,  as  when  haemoptysis  is  produced  by 
tubercles  in  the  lungs  :  haematemesis  by  disease 
of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen,  <fcc. 

In  Traumatic  Hemorrhages,  or  those  which  are 
the  consequences  of  wounds  of  arterial  or  venous 
trunks,  the  blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  and 
issues  by  jets  and  pulses,  if  it  proceed  from  an 
artery;  whilst  it  is  of  a  deeper  red,  issues  slowly 
and  by  a  continuous  flow,  if  from  a  vein.  If  the 
capillary  vessels  be  alone  divided,  the  blood  is 
merely  effused  at  the  surface  of  the  wound.  Of 
the  means  used  for  arresting  these  traumatic  he- 
morrhages, some  act  mechanically  as  absorbents, 
ligature,  and  compression  ;  others  chymically,  as 
fire,  caustics,  creasote,  astringents,  <fec. 

ILemorrhagia  Activa  Narium,  Epistaxis — ' 
h.  Bronchica,  Haemoptysis — h.  Cerebri,  Apoplexy 
■ — h.  per  Cutem,  Sudor  cruentus — h.  per  Diaere- 
sin,  see  Diaeresis — h.  per  Diapedesin,  Diapedesis — 
h.  Faucium,  Stomatorrhagia  —  h.  Gingivarum, 
Ulorrhagia — h.  Haematemesis,  Haematemesis — h. 
Hematuria,  Haematuria — h.  Haemoptysis,  Hae- 
moptysis—  h.  Hepatica,  Hepathaemorrhagia  —  h. 
ITepatis,  Hepatorrhagia  —  h.  Intestinorum,  Hae- 
matochezia — h.  Mucosa,  see  Haemorrhois — h.  Na- 
hothi,  see  Parturition — h.  Narinea,  Epistaxis — h. 
Narium,  Epistaxis — h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia — h. 
Penis,  Stimatosis — h.  Pulmonis,  Haemoptysis — h. 
Renum,  Nephrorrhagia — h.  Universalis,  Purpura 
haeinorrhagica- —  h.  Uterina.  Metrorrhagia  —  h. 
Ventriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h.  Vesicae,  Cystorr- 
hagia. 

H.FMORRHINIA,  Epistaxis. 

HJ3M0RRHIX0RRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

HiEMORRHCE'A,  from  hmma,  and  peu),  '  I  flow.' 
llcpjnorrhag"  ia,  Loss  of  blood.  Some  writers 
have  proposed  to  restrict  this  name  to  passive 
hemorrhages. 

H^emorrhcea  Petechialts,  Purpura  haemor- 
rhagica—h.  Pulmonalis,  Haemoptysis — h.  Uterina, 
Metrorrhagia  —  h.  Vasorum  haemorrhoidalium, 
Haemorrhois  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h. 
Viarum  urinarium.  Haematuria. 

H/EMORRHOFDAL.  Hemorrhoidal,  Hamor- 
rho'ida'lis,  Hmmorrhox' dew.  Relating  to  hemor- 
rhoids ;  as  hemorrhoidal  flux,  hemorrhoidal  tu- 
mours, (fee. 

Hemorrhoidal  Artertes  have  been  distin- 
guished into  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  1. 
The  first  is  the  termination  of  the  inferior  me- 
senteric artery,  which  assumes  the  name  superior 
hemorrhoidal,  when  it  reaches  the  upper  and  pos- 
terior part  of  the  rectum.  2.  The  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal is  furnished  by  the  hypogastric  or  inter- 
nal pudic.  It  ramifies  on  the  inferior  and  ante- 
rior part  of  the  rectum.     3.   The  inferior  hemor- 


rhoidal arteries  are  branches  of  the  internal 
pudic,  furnished  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  rectum 
and  to  the  muscles  of  the  anus. 

Hemorrhoidal  Nerves.  These  emanate  from 
the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses ;  and  cover 
the  rectum  with  their  numerous  filaments. 

Hemorrhoidal  Veins  follow  the  same  distri- 
bution, and  generally  empty  themselves  into  the 
lesser  mesenteric.  Some  of  them  assist  in  the 
formation  of  the  hypogastric  vein. 

Hemorrhoidal  Vessels,  Vasa  seda'lia,  are 
those  vessels  which  are  distributed  to  the  rectum 
— the  seat  of  hemorrhoids. 

HiEMORRHOIDALES  NODI,  Haemorrhois. 

ILEMORRHOIDES,  see  Haemorrhois  —  h. 
Caecae,  see  Haemorrhois  —  h.  Fluentes,  Haemor- 
rhois—  h.  Furentes,  see  Haemorrhois  —  h.  Maris- 
cosae,  Haemorrhois — h.  non  Fluentes,  Haemor- 
rhois— h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia. 

HJEMORRHOLDRO'SIS,  from  'aipoppois,  'he- 
morrhoids,' and  'iSpwcrts,  'sweating.'  Sweating 
of  hemorrhoidal  blood.  [?] — Bock. 

H^EMOR'RHOIS,  Aimor'rhdis.  Asclepias'mus, 
from  hcema,  and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  Aimor'ro'is,  Proer- 
tica  Maris'ca,  Maris'ca,  Proctalgia  Hcemorrho'i- 
da'lis,  Morbus  Hcemorrhoidalis,  Piles,  Em'erods, 
(F.)  Hemorrho'ides.  The  essential  symptoms  of 
this  affection  are:  —  Livid  and  painful  tubercles 
or  excrescences,  [Hemorrhoid' al  Tumours,)  usu- 
ally attended  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  or  blood, 
(Hemorrhoid' al  flux,  Proctorrhoc' a,  Hcpmoproc'ti  a, 
Hcpmorrhoe'a  vasorum  hcemorrhu'ida'lium,  (F.) 
Hemapmctie.)  The  most  common  causes  of  piles 
are  a  sedentary  life;  accumulation  of  faeces  in 
the  rectum;  violent  efforts  at  stool;  pregnane}', 
&c.  The  precursory  symptoms  are:  —  pains  in 
the  loins;  stupor  of  the  lower  limbs:  and  un- 
easiness in  the  abdomen  and  rectum,  with  more 
or  less  gastric,  cerebral,  and  indeed  general  dis- 
order; —  constituting  the  Diath'esis  Hatmorrhoi- 
da'lis,  Motus  seu  Turba  Hcemorrhoida'lis,  and 
Moli'men  Hamorrhoida'le,  of  most  of  the  writers 
of  Continental  Europe.  To  these  symptoms  fol- 
low one  or  more  round,  smooth,  renitent,  painful, 
pulsating,  and  erectile  tumours,  around  the  mar- 
gin of  the  anus,  or  within  the  anus;  some  pour- 
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After  having  re- 
mained, for  a  time,  tense  and  painful,  they  gra- 
dually shrink  and  disappear.  The  chief  symp- 
toms, occasioned  by  hemorrhoidal  tumours,  when 
much  inflamed,  are; — constant  pain,  liable,  how- 
ever, to  exacerbations,  and  to  become  augmented 
by  the  least  pressure,  or  by  the  passage  of  the 
faeces,  and  obliging  the  patient  to  preserve  the 
horizontal  posture. 

Haemorrhoids  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  —  Hcemorrho'ides  Fluen'tes  seu  3/arisco'sce, 
Proc'tica  Maris'ca  cruen'ta,  Bleeding  or  Open 
Piles ;  and  into  H.  non  fluen'tes,  Proc'tica  Ma- 
ris'ca ca>ca,  Hcpmorrho'i'des  ecceop.  seu  furen'tes, 
Haimorrhoida'les  nodi,  Shut  or  blind  piles.  They 
have,  also,  been  divided  into  internal  or  occult, 
and  external,  according  to  their  situation  ;  and 
into  accidental  or  constitutional. 

Hemorrhoidal  Tumours  are  extremely  trouble- 
some, by  their  disposition  to  frequent  recurrence  ; 
and  they  are  apt  to  induce  fistula;  otherwise, 
they  are  devoid  of  danger.  When  anatomically 
examined,  they  are  found  not  to  consist  in  a  va- 
ricose dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  rectum  ;  but 
to  be  formed  of  a  very  close,  spongy,  texture; 
similar  to  that  which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the 
vagina;  and  to  be  erectile,  like  it.  They  are 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  membrane,  and  have  no 
internal  cavity.  The  treatment,  in  mild  cases  of 
hemorrhoidal  tumours,  is  simple.  Rest ;  the  ho- 
rizontal posture;  the  use  of  mild  laxatives,  as 
sulphur,  castor  oil,  and  emollient  gly-sters,  will 


HJKMORIlIiOlSCHESIS 


•1  4  5 


HAIR 


be  sufficient.  If  they  be  much  inflamed,  leeches 
may  >>•■  Applied  j  and  warm  oataplasms  or  oold 
lotions,  According  to  circnmt-tai  scribed, 

with  abstinence,  and  cooling  drinks.  Afterwards, 
an  ointment,  composed  "i  powdered  galls  ami 
opium,  may  afford  relief.  It  is  in  the  relaxed 
kiml,  that  Bach  ointment,  ami  the  internal  use  of 
Ward's  Paste,  can  alone  he  expected  to  afford 
much  benefit  If.  after  repeated  attacks,  the  ta- 
mpan remain  bard  and  painful,  and  threaten 
fistula,  they  may  he  removed. 

By  Hemorrhoidal  Flux,  F  hthm  hamorrho\da'- 
Ifi,  Proctarrhag"ia,  i>  meant  the  hemorrhage 
which  takes  place  from  the  rectum,  owing  to  he- 
morrhoids. It  is  a  common  affection.  The  quan- 
tity of  blood  discharged  is  various:  at  times,  it 
is  very  trifling;  at  others,  Sufficient  to  induce 
preat  debility,  and  even  death.  It  is  announci  i 
and  accompanied  by  the  same  symptoms  as  pre- 
cede and  attend  hemorrhoidal  tumours.  Like 
other  hemorrhages  it  may  he  actios  or  pateite ; 
HitutioHaL  The  prognosis  is 
rarely  unfavourable.  The  affection  may.  almost 
always,  be  relieved  bj  properly  adapted  means. 
These  resemble  such  as  are  necessary  in  hemor- 
rhages in  general.  Perfect  quietude,  —  mental 
ami  corporeal ;  light  diet :  cooling  drinks:  bleeding 
if  the  symptoms  indicate  it;  astringents,  (if  the 
be  protracted  and  passive,)  such  as  the 
Tinctura  Ferri  Ckloridi j  aspersions  of  cold 
water  on  the  anus  :  astringent  injections  :  plug- 
ging and  compression.  Such  will  he  the  principal 
remedial  agents.  \Vhen  the  hemorrhage  has  be- 
come habitual,  or  u  vicarious,  some  caution  may 
be  required  in  cheeking  it  ;  and,  if  inconvenience 
arise  from  a  sudden  suppression,  its  return  may 
be  solicited  by  the  semieupium,  Bitting  over  warm 
water,  aloetie  purgatives,  glysters,  irritating  sup- 
be.  j  or  leeches  may  be  applied  to  the 
anus. 

To  the  internal  bleeding  pile,  a  soft,  red,  straw- 
berry-like elevation  of  the  mucous  membrane, 
Dr.  Houston,  of  Dublin,  gives  the  name  vascular 
Uanour,  For  its  removal  he  recommends  the  ap- 
plication of  nitric  acid,  so  as  to  prodAsc  slough- 
ing of  i:<  Burface. 

authors  have  described  a  species  of  Leu- 
eorrhcc'a  Ana'lit  or  whitish  discharge  from  the 
anus,  which  often  attends  ordinary  ha-niorrhoids. 
This  they  have  called  Proctica  maris' ca  muco'ta, 
'limit  alba,  Ha;morrhagf,ia  muco'ta,  /.<  u- 
cor' 'rhoie,  ttc.     It  requires  no  special  mention. 

The   term  Hemorrhoid   is   applied   at   times  to 
varicose   veins    developed   else  where,  as   at   the 
orifice  of  the  uterus.     See  Metraemorrholdea. 
11  :  "  IRRHOIS    \i:    EXANll,  Proctocele — h.  Pro- 

■ 
HJEMORRHois'CHESIS,     from     'atuoppots. 
rhoi*,'  on-).  'I  Bow,'  and  ta^iui,  'I restrain.' 
Reten'tio  fltixut  hamorrholda'lie.    Suppression  or 
retention  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 

H2BMORRHOPHE'SIS,Ao«orp'f/o  eang'uinit, 
from  I, a >ma,  and  pofaut,  'I    sip  up.'     Absorption 
of  blood. 
HJBMORRHOPHILIA,  Hmmatophilia. 
H.SMORRHOSCOP]  \.  Haematosoopia. 
HJEM0RRH1  SIS,  Hsemorrl 
K.AMOSCHEOCELE,  Hsematoscbeocele. 
HJBMOSCOPIA,  Hsematoscopia, 
HjEMOSPASIA,  see  Hsemospastie. 
&SMOSPAG   riC,    (P.)    Himoepaeiaue,    from 
hermit, and t-'mu,  '  I  draw.'    At;  agent  which  draws 

or  attracts  bl 1  to  a  part  ;  a-  a  qnpping-glass. 

Tbe operation  is  termed  Ha        •         r,    r.   Htmoa- 

1 1   is  generally  applied   to  a  pro 
which  the  air  is  exhausted  over  n  considerable 
surfaci  more  of  the  extremities, 

by  au  appr  ipriatS  pneumatic  app;  ratus. 


H^MOSTA'SIA,  Ha  t,$anr- 

i/iiiiiix   siiujiiii'iio,  \Y.     B  Rrom    hama, 

and  oTaan,  'stagnation.'     Stagnation  of  hi l. 

This  name  has,  also,  been  given  to  any  operation, 
the  object  of  which  is  to  arrest  the  How  of  blood. 

BJEMOSTAT'IC,  PAGLIA'RI'S,  Pagliant 
Styptic,  (F.)  Eau  de  Pagliari.  A  styptic  liquor, 
said  to  be  of  great  power,  discovered  by  M.  Pag- 
liari, a pharmacien  at  Rome.  It  is  composed  a i 
follow-: — Eight  ounces  of  tincture  of  betttoiu, 
one  pound  of  iihim,  and  ten  pounds  oi  water  are 
boiled  together  for  six  hours  in  a  glazed  earthen 
vessel,  the  vaporised  water  being  constantly  re- 
placed by  hot  water,  so  as  not  to  interrupt  the 
ebullition,  and  the  resinous  mass  being  kept 
stirred  round.  The  fluid  is  then  filtered.  Bl  1 
kept  in  Btoppered  bottles.  A  drop  of  the  fluid, 
poured  into  n  glass  containing  human  blood,  pro- 
duct -  an  instantaneous  magma 

HAEMOSTATICS,  Dsematostatica, 

HJ5M0TELANGI0SIS,  Telangiectasia. 

ll.i:.\!(i|'i:.\l.\.  Hsemateclysis. 

H^MOTEXIS,  Hseraatecbj 

HEMOTHORAX,  Hsemathorax. 

ELffiMOTISMUS,  Hsemoptysis. 

II. i  IMOT  'ROPHY,  HatmotropVia  ;  from  lama, 
and  r/(Oi/.>;,  'nourishment.'  Excess  of  sangui- 
neous nourishment. — Prout. 

ll.l'.Ml  IMA.  Hsematuria. 

ll.V.Ml IRESIS,  Hsematuria. 

BJEMYDOR,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

II.b.MYDlMA,  Hydrommia. 

H.SREDITARIUS,  Hereditary. 

RfiSITATIO,  Balbuties. 

IL-EYKA   GUIANE2JSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 

1 1 A  ( 1 ,  Abdomen. 

II ACM! I),  Haggard. 

HAOBERRT,  Prunus  padus. 

HAGE'NLA  ABYSSIN'ICA,  Bray'era  antheU 
min'tica,  Banh'tia  Abyttin'ica.  An  Abyssinian 
tree:  Order,  Rosacea;  Sexual  System,  Icosandria 
D/igynia,  which  the  natives  plant  round  their 
habitations,  as  an  ornament.  The  infusion  or  de- 
coction of  its  flower.-,  Floret  cotto,  is  employed  by 
them  as  an  anthelmintic,  especially  in  c 
tape-WOrm.  It  is  called,  there,  Cutno  or  Covtso, 
Koteo,  Koutto,  Kooao,  Kuono,  C<>tz,  Cubutz,  and 
Habbl 

HAGGARD,  (F.)  Hagard.  The  French  use 
the  term  Air  hagard,  (EH  hagard,  'Haggard 
<iir,'  '  Haggard  eye,' for  a  physiognomy,  in  which 
there  is  at  once  an  expression  of  madness  and 
terror. 

HAGIOSPERMUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

HAGIOXYLUM,  Guaiacum. 

HA  II  N  KM  A  N  NISM,  Homeopathy. 

HA  lb,  Chalaza. 

II A  lb.  Sax.  h»n,  CWnts,  PiTut,  Thrix,  Pile, 
(V.<  PoiL  A  conjeal,  corneous  Bubstance,  the  free 
portion  or  thaft,  teapue,  of  which  issues  to  a  greater 
or  less  distance  from  the  skin,  to  the  tissue  of 
which  it  adheres  by  a  bulb,  Bulbut pili, seated  in 
a  hair  follicle — follic'ulut  }>>li — made 
inversion  of  the  integument,  the  epidermis  of 
which  forms  a  "root  sheath,"  vagi'na  pili.  At 
the  base  of  the  hair  follicle,  there  is  a 
papilla,  well  supplied  with  bloodvessels  and 
.  /',i/,i//(i  pili f  at  times  called,  but  im- 
properly. Pu/pa  mu  /!/,ist,'i„<i  pili.  The  hair  re- 
arious  names  in  different  parts — as  Beard, 

Cilia,   EythrOVOt,  lh.ir  of  (he   head,  {CajriUi,)  *C. 

Haik    I»vi:,    Twiggs's.     A  preparation    much 

used  to  give  colour  to  the  hair.  It  may  he  formed 
of  precipitated  tulphur  and  acetate  of  lead,  each 
,~j  :  roet  water,  Rivj  triturated  together  in  a 
mortar.  It  should  be  applied  twice  a  day,  until 
I  the  desired  effect  is  pioduced* 


HAIRY 


44  6       HAMAMELIS  VIEGINIANA 


Hair,  Falling  off  of  the,  Alopecia. 

Hair  Follicle,  see  Hair. 

Hair,  Matted,  Plica  — h.  Plaited,  Plica  — h. 
Trichomatose,  Plica — b.  Worm,  Seta  equina,  tee 
Kcfcozoa— h.  Worm,  muscular,  Dracuneulus. 

HAIRY,  Pileous.     Also,  covered  with  hair. 

HAKE,  see  Oleum  jeeoris  aselli. 

HAL.  Salt. 

HALA'TION,  Hala'tium;  diminutive  of  '«A?, 
'salt.'  A  pungent  remedy,  with  the  ancients, 
which  contained  salts. 

HALCHEMI'A.  The  alchymists  so  called  the 
art  of  fusing  salts:  from  'aXg,  'salt,'  and  %coi,  'I 
pour  out.' — -Libavius. 

HALCYON,  Alcyon. 

HALCYOXIUM  ROTUXDUM,  Pila  marina. 

HALE,  Ephelides. 

BALElNEy  Breath—  h.  Gourte,  Dyspnoea. 

HALELyE'OX,  Hal  elm' urn,  from  'aXg,  'salt,' 
and  cXai'jv,  'oil.'  Oleum  Sali  mixtion.  A  mix- 
ture of  oil  and  salt,  for  removing  swellings  of  the 
joints. — Galen. 

HALETE  RATION,  Alteration. 

HALF-CASTE,  Half-Cast,  see  Caste.  A  term 
applied,  in  India,  to  the  offspring  of  a  Hindoo 
and  a  European.  Since,  extended  to  the  offspring 
of  mixed  races.  The  subjoined  list  from  Tschudi's 
Travels  in  Peru,  1838-1842,  shows  the  parent- 
age of  the  different  varieties  of  half-casts,  and 
also  the  proper  designations  of  the  latter,  as  ob- 
served in  South  America. 

Parents.  CnnvDREx. 

White  Father  and  Negro  Mother.      Mulatto. 
White  Father  and  Indian  Mother,     Meztizo. 
Indian  Father  and  Ne^ro  Mother.      Cliino. 
White  Father  aud  Mulatta  Mother.   Cuarteron. 

1  Creole,  (only  distin- 
guished from  the 
white  by  a  pale 
brownish  complex- 
ion.) 
White  Father  and  China  Mother.       Chino-blanco. 

WMoUter:aher   ***   CuarUjr0na     {  Qomtero. 

White   Father   and   Quiutera  Mo- )  „.,  .. 

ther \  unue- 

Nesro  Father  and  Mulatta  Mother  Zambo-neiro. 

Negro  Father  aud  Meztiza  Mother,  Mulatto  oscuro. 

Xe_rro  Father  aud  China  Mother,        Zambo  chino. 

,.  „   .,  ,  ~       ,     ,r  .,        f  Zambo-nesro   (per- 

Negro  Father  and  Zamba  Mother,^    ,     ,  .  ,,    7k  v  yt^ 

Nesrro  Father  and  Cuarteroua  or  f   Mulatto  (rather 

Quintera  Mother  \  dark.) 

Indian   Father   and   Mulatta  Mo- f  n,  - , ^ 

.,  <   China-oscuro. 

tner (  tiful.) 

Indian  Father  and  China  Mother.      Chino-cholo. 
Indian    Father    and    Zamba    Mo-j  Zambo.clsiro> 

Indian    Father  with   China-eaola  f  In  lian(with  rather 

Mother \  short  frizzy  hair.) 

Indian   Father  and  Ouarierona  or  f  Meztizo  (rather 

Quintera  Mother \  brown.) 

Mulatto   Father  and  Zamba   Mot   Zambo   (a  misera- 

th  r \  ble  race.) 

Mulatto   Father  and  Meztiza  Mo-  \   Cliino    (of   rather 

tfa  r (   clear  complexion.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  China  Mother,  Chinoa'atherdark.) 

See  Mulatto. 
HALICA,  Alica. 
HALICACALUM,  Physalis. 

HA  LICKS.  Pandiculation. 
HALIDRYS   VESICULOSA,    Fueus    vesicu- 
losa. 

HALIXA'TRUM,   ffalini'tritm,   HaToni'trum; 

from  'aXs,  'salt,'  and  no  tram  or  natron.  A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
containing  a  little  subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
which  is  found,  ready-formed,  on  the  plaster  of 
damp  walls,  in  places  inhabited  by  man  or  ani- 
mals.    Also,  Potassaj  uitras. 


HALIXiTRUM,  Ilalinatrum. 

HAL1NUS,  Saline. 

HAL'ITUOUS,  Halituo'sus,  from  Inlitus,  'va- 
pour.' (F.)  Hnlitueux,  The  skin  is  said  to  be  ha- 
litueuse,  when  covered  with  a  gentle  moisture. 
The  vapour,  exhaled  in  all  the  cavities  of  the 
body,  so  long  as  the  blood  is  warm,  is  called 
Hal'itns.  The  odorous  vapour,  exhaled  by  the 
blood  itself  whilst  warm,  is  called  Hal' i tits  Sau'- 
guinis. 

Halitus,  Breath  —  h.  Oris  Fcetidus,  Breath, 
offensive — h.  Sanguinis,  Gaz  sanguinis.  See  Ha- 
lituous. 

HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Hall,  in  Upper  Austria,  contain  iodine. 

HALLUCINATIO  HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
Hypochondriasis — h.  Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

HALLHCINA'TION,  HaUucina'tio,  Haluciua'- 
tio,  Falla'cia,  Illu'sio,  I.  sensus,  Socor'dia,  Alu'- 
sia,  Allucina'tio,  Parora'sis,  Somnia'tio  in  statu 
vig"ili,  /do'' lum,  Waking  dream,  Phantasm,  from 
allucinari  or  haJlucinari,  allucinatus,  '  to  be  de- 
ceived.' A  morbid  error  in  one  or  more  of  the 
senses.  Perception  of  objects,  which  do  not  in 
fact  exert  any  impression  on  the  external  senses. 
Hallucination  or  delusion  almost  always,  if  not 
always,  depends  on  disorder  of  the  brain,  but  is 
not  an  index  of  insanity,  unless  the  patient  be- 
lieves in  the  existence  of  the  subject  of  the  hal- 
lucination. 

HALL  US.  Pollex  pedis. 

HALLUX,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALMB,  Maria. 

HALMYRIS,  see  Muria. 

HALMYRO'DES,  Salsitgino'sus,  Salsu'gi- 
nous,  from  'uXfuvpis,  {'aXun,  '  sea-water,'  'aXi,  'salt,') 
'a  salt  liquor,'  saltish.  An  epithet  given  to  any 
affection,  in  which  the  heat  feels  pungent  under 
the  finger  of  the  physician. — Hippocrates. 

HALMYRUS,  Saline. 

HALO,  Areola. 

Halo  Signa'tus.  The  impression  made  by 
the  ciliary  processes  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
vitreous  humour.  So  called  from  its  consisting 
of  a  circle  of  indentations. — Sir  C.  Bell.  Called 
by  Haller,  Stria?  ret'inae  subject' cb  iigamen'to 
cilia' ri ;  by  Winslow,  Sulci  cilia' res, 

HALODER.E'UM,  from'aAj,  'salt,' and  Sepaiov, 
'a  collar,'  (<5*:p»7,  'neck.')  Colla'riuin  sali'num. 
A  collar  of  salt  applied  to  the  neck,  as  in  cases 
of  croup. 

HALOGEXE,  Chlorine. 

HALOID UM  OXYGEXATUM,  Potassse  mu- 
rias  hyperoxygenatus. 

HALOX'lITIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

HALOXITRUM.  Ilalinatrum. 

HALOPE'GiE,  from  fuAf,  'aXos,  'salt,'  and 
irrjyri,  '  a  spring.'  Mineral  waters  whose  chief  in- 
gredient is  common  salt — chloride  of  sodium. 

HALOS,  Areola. 

HALOT'YLE,  Cul'cita  sali'na,  from  'aXs,  'salt,' 
and  tvXtj,  'a  bolster.'  A  bolster  or  pillow  of  salt, 
recommended  in  croup. 

HALSBAXE,  Clavicle. 

HALS.  'aXi.  'salt;'  hence  Halogene,  Haloid,  <fcc. 

HALSE.  Throat.' 

HALTE'RES.  Pieces  of  lead  held  in  the 
hands  by  the  ancients  to  assist  them  in  leaping. 

HALUCIXATIO,  Hallucination. 

HALYCODES,  Saline. 

HALYSIS  LATA,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  h. 
Membranacea,  Bothriocephalus  latus — h.  Solium, 
Taenia  solium. 

HAM,  Poples. 

HAMAME'LIS  VIRGIXIA'XA,   H.  Virgin'i- 

ca   seu  macrophyl'la,    Witch  hazel,    Winter  witch 

hazetf    Snapping    hazelnut,     Winter    bloom.      Ord. 

I  Hainamelaeeae.     The  bark  of  this  tree,  which  is 


IIAMARTIIRITIS 


A  17 


IIAIMIOWGATE 


a  native  of  the  United  Stales,  u  somewhat  bitter 

n<ibly  astringent;    but    it    has    n 
much  need.     A  eatajriatm  of  the  inner  rind  of 
the  hark  is  sail  t - .  have  been  found  efficacious  in 
painful  inflammation  of  the  eves. 

rTAMARTHRI'TIS,     HolarthH'tia,    Catholar- 
thri'ti*,    Arthri'ti*    unincrta'li*,    from     'ana,    '  at 
-...•gout.'    Gout  in  all  the  joints. 
Universal  goal. 

11  IMCH,  Coxofemoral  attienlation. 

HAM'MA,  X- fas,  -a  tie.'  A  knot,  need  for 
retaining  bandages  on  any  part.  —  Hippocrates. 
A  truss. 

HAMMERING,  Balbul 

HAMPSTEAD,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
■raters,  situate   in   the  neighbourhood   of 
London,  are  a  good  chalybeate. 

HAMSTRING,  To,  see  Hamstrings. 

HAMSTRINGS,  (P.)  Jarretiers.  The  strings 
or  tendons  of  the  ham. 

The  Hamstring  Musclk*  are  the  biceps  fetno- 

ris,  irhose  tendon  forms  the  outer kanutring  ;  and 

nimembranoeus,   eemitendinoaus,   gracilis 

and    sartoriua,    whose    tendons    form    the    inner 

■  ing. 

'To  hamttringf  means  to  cut  the  strings  or  ten- 
dons of  the  ham. 

HAMULAR   PROCESS,  see  Hamulus. 

HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive  of  hamu*,  '  a  hook.' 
A  hook  or  crook:  Ancis'tmn.  Also,  any  hook- 
like process  ;  as  the  hamultt*  or  Iiamular  process 
of  tlie  pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
which  projects  from  the  termination  of  the  inter- 
nal pterygoid  plate. 

Hamulus  La  mi. we  Spiralis,  see  Lamina  spi- 
ralis. 

If  IMU6,  see  Hamulus. 

HANCHE,  Haunch. 

HANCLETH,  Malleolus. 

HAND.  Manns. 

HANDWOMAN,  Midwife. 

HANDS,  DROPPED,  Hani-drop,  Writt-drop. 
A  popular  term  for  the  paralysis  of  the  hand,  in- 
duced by  the  action  of  lead. 

HANDWRIST,  Carpus. 

HANGERS,  Crusta  urenu  equina?. 

HANGNAIL,  (old  Bng.)  Agnail,  (Prov.)  Ang- 
mailj  Stepmother**  ble**ing,  Wirt-*pringt,  Xail- 
epring,  Nang-nail,  (F.)  Enrit.  A  portion  of  epi- 
dermis, detached  so  as  to  tear  the  integument  in 
the  vicinitv  of  the  finger  nails. 

// .  1  XXE  II .  \  X E.  Hyoscyamus. 

HAPANTIS'MUS.  Badly  formed  from  -na^ 
or  'u-r.ii,  'all.'  Oblitera'tio  eompWta.  The  mat- 
ting or  growing  together  of  organic  parts. 

11  U'HK.  V'r;.  'feeling,  touch.'     Hence: 

HAPHON'OSI,    Haphonu'ti,    from   'a^r,,   'the 
Morbi  tactd*.     Diseases  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

H  IPLOACNE,  Aene  simplex. 

HAPLOPATHPA,  from  'aribat,  'simple.'  and 
to0o{.  'disease.'  Morbu*  rimpleas.  A  simple  or 
uncomplicated  affection. 

HAPLOTOM'l  \.  Simplex  tee'tio,  Turin' in  rim- 
■  ipera'tio  rimplex,  from  '<itXo{,  •  simple,'  and 
ro/if?.  'incision.'     A  simple  incision. 

11  IPSIS,  Touch. 

HAPTODYSPHOR'I  \.  faerus  dolorifiau ; 
from  '>i..'/.  'touch,'  and  Avotopo j,  '  difficult  to  be 

born-'.'      Painful  to  the  touch. 

HAPTOGEN,  Haptogenous. 
HAPTOOENE,  Haptogenous. 
HAPTOG"ENOUS,   //  ipi  tg"enu*,   ffap'togen, 
!       Haptoginc,  from  'arme,  'I  Attach, 'andytVMw, 

berson  calls  the  pellicle,  which 
firm-  around  fatty  matter  when  albumen  is 
brought  in  contact  with  it.  Haptogen  membrane, 
(F.)  Mtmbrune  haptogine. 


HAPTOT'ICA,  Haptofiei,  from  Vt.  'touch/ 
Tin-  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  touch. 

HARD,    G.)  hart,   Dnrut,   Seltr 
That  which  offers  much  resistance.     In  anatomy, 
the  hard  part*  are  those  which  compose  the  os- 
tiie  body  ;  in  other  words,  the  skele- 
ton.     See  Pulse,  hard. 

HARD'S    FARINACEOUS  FOOD,  see  Pari- 

HARDESIA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

HARDHACE,  B\  irsea  tomentoea, 

HARE-LIP,  Lagochi'lu*,  Lagam'toma,  Logon' - 
tomum,  Lagcn'tontum,  La'bium  Lepori'num,  0lo< 
pho'nia  Labii  Loba'ta,  Lepori'num  rottrui  Sc.J 
rts,  (Prov.)  Haytcale,  (F.)  /,'>  •  ,!.  Litvre. 
A  fissare  or  perpendicular  division  of  one  or  both 
lips.  It  has  been  so  called,  in  coi  - 
the  upper  lip  of  the  hare  being  thus  divided. 
Hare-lip  is  generally  congenital  :  at  other  times 
it  is  accidental,  or  produced  by  a  wound,  the 
f  which  have  not  been  brought  in r ■  •  con- 
tact, and  have  healed  separately.  It  is  simple, 
when  there  is  but  one  division  :  double,  when 
there  are  two  :  and  complicated,  when  there  is,  at 
the  lame  time,  a  division  or  cleft  of  the  superior 
maxillary  bone  and  of  the  palate —  Cleft  or  //•>'- 
tured  palate,  Wolf*  jaw,  Pala'tum  fi*ntm,  Rietu* 
lupi'nn* ;  or  a  projection  of  the  teeth  into  the 
separation  of  the  lip. 

In  the  Hare-lip  operation,  there  tire  two  indi- 
cations to  be  fulfilled.  First,  to  pare,  with  the 
knife  or  scissors,  the  edges  of  the  cleft,  and.  af- 
terwards, to  preserve  them  in  contact  ;  in  order 
to  cause  adhesion.  This  last  object  is  accom- 
plished by  means  of  pins,  passed  through  the 
edges  of  the  division;  in  other  words,  by  the 
twisted  suture.  The  projecting  teeth  must,  of 
course.be  previously  removed.  If  there  be  --pa- 
ration  of  the  palate,  it  will  become  less  and  less 
after  the  union  of  the  lip.  or  the  operation  of sta- 
phyloraphy  may  be  performed  upon  it. 

Hare's  Ear,  Bupleuruin  rotundifolium  —  h. 
Eye,  Lagophthalmia. 

HARESHAW,  Harelip. 

II AW! XE,  Hernia — h.  Anevrysmah,  Cirsom- 
phalus. 

HARICOT,  Phaseolns  vulgaris  —  h.  Grand  d* 
•latropha  CUrcas. 

HARMALIA,  Aliment. 

HAR'MONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmon,  primarily 
from  apo),  'I  adjust.'  Anatomists  have  called  Su- 
ture   bv    Harmony;,  or   simply  Harmon;/,    Eals,-    or 

tuperficial  tutnre,  Sutu'ra  ocrinm  tpu'ria,  ' 
pa'ge*  on'eium  ]»  r  lin' earn  rim' plicem,  an  immov- 
able articulation,  in  which  the  depressions  and 
eminences,  presented  by  the  bony  Burfaei 
but  slightly  marked:  so  that  it  might  be  pre- 
sumed that  the  junction  of  the  bones  took  place 
by  simple  apposition  of  their  surfaces.  An  in- 
"f  harmony  occurs  in  the  union  of  the 
superior  maxillary  hones  with  each  other. 

II A  It  MI'S.  Articulation,  Harmony. 

HARNPAN,  Cranium. 

HARRODSBURG  SPRINGS,  see  Kentucky, 
Mineral  Waters  of. 

HAR'ROWGATE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 

The  villages  of  High  and  Low  Harrowgate  are 

situate  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  York,  near 

trough,    twenty    miles    from    York,    and 

in    Lee  la     Here  are  sei  era!  valuable 

sulphurous  and  chalybeate  springs.  The  eulphu- 
pring*  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  ealcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  bicarbonate 
i.  ralphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  oarhu- 
retted  hydrogen,  and  azote.  The  chalybeate 
tpring*  contain  protoxide  of  iron,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  chhv- 
ride  of  magnesium,  carbonic  acid,  aiote,  and  o.xy- 


HARTFELL 


448 


HEART 


gen.  For  the  former,  Harrowgate  is  celebrated 
and  frequented. 

Harrowgate  Salts,  Artificial,  are  much 
emplo3'ed,  and  not  unfrequently  by  those  who 
drink  the  genuine  water,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing its  aperient  power.  They  may  be  made 
as  follows  : — Sulph.  Patau*,  cum  Sulph.  ^vj  ;  Po- 
tass, bitart.  %j  ;  Jfagnes.  Sulph.  in  pulv.  ^vj.  M. 
The  usual  dose  is  a  teaspoonful,  in  a  small  tum- 
blerful of  tepid  water,  early  in  the  morning. 

Harrowgate  "Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
formed  of  common  salt,  %v  ;  water,  Oiij  ;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  sulphuret  of  potass,  and 
sulphuric  acid,  aa  |jiv.  The  following  form  has 
also  been  recommended.  ]J.  Sulphat.  Potass, 
cum  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  £j  ;  Potass,  bitart.  3SS -: 
Magnes.  sulphat.  £yj  ;  Aquas  destillat.  Oij.  One- 
half  to  be  taken  for  a  dose. 

HARTFELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hartfell  Spa  is  ahout  five  miles  from  Moffat,  in 
Scotland.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  is 
much  used. 

HARTS  HORN,  Cervus,  Cornu  cervi,  Liquor 
cornu  cervi  —  h.  Red,  Spiritus  Lavandula?  com- 
positns  —  h.  and  Oil,  Linimentum  ammonia?  car- 
bonatis. 

HARTS'  TONGUE.  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 

HARTS'  TRUFFLES,Elaphomyces  granulatus. 

HART WORT  OF  MARSEILLES,  Seseli  tor- 
tuosum. 

HASCHE.  Pain. 

HASCHISCH.  see  Bangue. 

HASCHISCHLYE,  see  Bangue. 

HASTA,  Penis  — h.  Nuptialis,  Penis  — h.  VI- 
rilis,  Penis. 

HASTELLA,  Splint. 

HASTINGS,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  place  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  mildest  and 
most  sheltered  winter  residences  on  the  south 
coast  of  England.  Owing  to  its  low  situation, 
and  the  height  of  the  neighbouring  cliffs,  it  is 
protected  in  a  great  degree  from  all  northerly 
winds  :  and  hence  is  found  a  favourable  residence 
generally  for  invalids  labouring  under  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

HASTULA  REGIS.  Asphodelus  ramosus. 

HATFIELD'S  TINCTURE,  see  Tinctura  Gua- 
iaci  ammoniata. 

HATTREL,  Abscess. 

HAUNCH,  Coxa,  Coren'dix,  of  the  Latins; 
ay%n,  or  ia^iov,  of  the  Greeks;  Ancha.  Inch  inn, 
Osphi/s,  Nip,  Cossa,  (Prov.)  Hubbon,  Shoup,  (F.) 
Hanche.  The  region  of  the  trunk  which  is  formed 
by  the  lateral  parts  of  the  pelvis  and  the  hip- 
joint,  including  the  soft  parts.  In  women,  on 
account  of  the  greater  width  of  the  pelvis,  the 
haunches  are  more  marked  and  prominent  than 
in  men. 

HAUSE.  Collum.  Throat, 

HAUSTEL'LATE,  Haustella'tus.  from  haurio, 
haustum,'!  drink  up.'  An  epithet  for  the  struc- 
ture of  mouth,  which  is  adapted  for  drinking  or 
pumping  up  liquids.  Insects,  which  possess  that 
kind  of  mouth,  are  so  named.  Ehrenberg  refers 
the  fancied  spermatozoon  to  the  haustellate  en- 
tozoa. 

HAUSTRA  COLT,  see  Colon. 

HAUSTUS,  Po'tio,  Potiun'cida.  A  Draught. 
A  liquid  medicine,  which  can  be  taken  at  a 
draught. 

Hafstfs  Niger,  see  Infusum  sennae. 

HAUT  MAL,  Epilepsy. 

HAVAN'A  or  HAVAN'NAH,  CLIMATE  OF. 
The  climate  of  Cuba  is  often  selected  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  during  the  winter  months,  and 
so  far  as  regards  elevation  and  comparative  equa- 
bility of  temperature,  it  is  more  favourable  for 
those  of  weak  lungs  than  that  of  the  United 
States.     The  mean  annual  temperature  is  high 


(7S°),  but  the  difference  between  the  mean  tem- 
perature of  the  warmest  and  coldest  months  is 
twice  as  great  as  at  Madeira. 

HAVERSIAN  CANALS,  Canals,  nutritive,  of 
Bones. 

HAW,  Hungry. 

Haw,  Black,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

HAWKNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

HAWKWEED,  VEINY,  Hieracium  venosum. 

HAWSE.  Throat. 

HAWTHORN,  WHITE,  Mespilus  oxyacantha, 

HAY  ASTHMA,  Fever,  Hay. 

Hay,  Camel's,  Juncus  odoratus. 

HAYRIFF,  Galium  aparine. 

HAYSCALE,  Harelip. 

HAZEL,  BEAKED,  Corylus  rostrata. 

Hazel  Crottles,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  h. 
Nut,  snapping,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  —  h.  Nut 
tree,  Corylus  avellana. 

Hazel,  Witch,  Hamamelis  Virginiana,  Sorbua 
acuparia. 

HAZELRAW,  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

HEAD.  Sax.  heaco©,  hear©,  heaved ,-  the  past 
participle  of  heapan,  'to  heave  up.'  Caput, 
Ceph'ale,  Cij'be,  Poll,  (Prov.)  Hede,  Pou;  Sep, 
(F.)  Tete.  The  head  forms  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  body,  and  tops  the  skeleton.  It  consists 
of  the  cranium  and  face.  The  first,  which  com- 
prises all  the  superior  and  posterior  part,  has  the 
encephalon  in  its  cavity:  the  latter  forms  only 
the  anterior  part,  and  serves  as  the  receptacle  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  organs  of  the  senses. 

Head,  Water  ix  the,  Hydrocephalus. 

Heap-Ache,  Cephalaea,  Cephalalgia — h.  Ache, 
intermittent,  Cephalalgia  periodica  —  h.  Ache, 
sick,  Cephalaea  spasmodica. 

HEADSWOMAN,  Midwife. 

HEADY,  same  etymon  as  Head.  (F.)  Capiten.r. 
That  which  inebriates  readily.  An  epithet,  ap- 
plied to  wines  which  possess  this  quality. 

HEAL,  Sanitas. 

HEAL-ALL,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Prunella 
vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HEALING,  Curative— h.  Art,  Medicine. 

HEALTH.  Sanitas. 

HEALTHY,  Salutary. 

HEARING,  HARDNESS  OF,  Deafness  — h. 
Perverse.  Paracusis  perversa. 

HEART,  Sax.  heojir,  Germ.  Herz,  Cor,  Cear, 
Cer,  Car'dia,  map,  Kt,p,  KapSia,  (F.)  Caur.  An 
azygous  muscle,  of  an  irregularly  pyramidal 
shape;  situate  obliquely  and  a  little  to  the  left 
side,  in  the  chest; — resting  on  the  diaphragm  1  y 
one  of  its  surfaces: — suspended  by  its  base  from 
the  great  vessels ;  free  and  movable  in  the  rest 
of  its  extent,  and  surrounded  by  the  pericardium. 
The  right  side  of  the  body  of  the  heart  is  thin 
and  sharp,  and  is  called  Jfargo  acu'tns:  the  left 
is  thick  and  round,  and  termed  Margo  obtn'sus. 
It  is  hollow  within,  and  contains  four  cavities  ; 
two  of  which,  with  thinner  and  less  fleshy  walls, 
receive  the  blood  from  the  lungs  and  the  rest  of 
the  body,  and  pour  it  into  two  others,  with  thick 
and  very  fleshy  parietes,  which  send  it  to  the 
lungs  and  to  every  part  of  the  body.  Of  these 
cavities,  the  former  are  called  auricles,  the  latter 
ventricles.  The  right  auricle  and  right  ventricle 
form  the  Pulmonic  or  right  or  anterior  heart,  C<>r 
veno'sum  seu  pulmona'le,  (F.)  Caur  du  poitnmii, 
C.  du  sang  noir,  C.  droit,  C.  anterieur :  and  the 
left  auricle  and  ventricle,  the  systemic,  corporeal, 
left,  or  aortic  heart,  Cor  arterio'sum  seu  aor'ti- 
cum,  (F.)  Cceur  du  corps,  C.  gauche,  C.  aortiqne 
ou  C.  rouge.  In  the  adult,  these  are  totally  dis- 
tinct from  each  other,  being  separated  by  a  parti- 
tion ; — the  septum  cordis.  Into  the  right  auricle, 
the  vena?  cavae, — superior  and  inferior, — and  the 
coronary  vein,  open.  The  pulmonary  artery 
arises  from  the  right  ventricle;  the  four  pulmo- 


II E  A  R  T 


-MO 


HEAT 


nary  veins   open   into   the  left   auricle,  and  the 
irises  from  the  left  ventricle. 
The   mean   weight   of  the   heart,   in    the  a. hilt. 
from  the  twenty-fifth  to  the  sixtieth  year,  is  Re- 
cording to  Bouillaud,  from  eight  to  nine  ounces. 
The  dimensions,  according  to  Lobstein  and  I'... nil- 
Ian. 1,  are  as   follows :  —  Length,   from 
apex,  6>e  inehei  sis  lines:  breadth,  at  <:■ 
three  inches:   thickness  of  the   walls  of  the   left 
ventricle,  seven  lines;  at  a  finger's  breadth  above 
the   ,peX.  four  lines  ;  thickness  of  the  trails  of  the 
right   ventricle,  two  an. I   a  quarter  lines:  at  the 
apex,  half  a  line;   thickness  of  right  auricle,  one 
f  the   left  auricle,  half  a  line.      The   heart 
eternally,  by  a  very  thin,  membra- 
nous reflection  from  the  pericardin 
cular  structure  of  which  it  is  constituted  is  much 
thicker  in   the   parietes   of  the   ventricle   than   in 
■!'  the  auricles.      Irs  cavities  are  lined  bj  a 
very  delicate  membrane,  the  endocardium,  which 
is  continuous  with    the   inner   membrane   of  the 
arteries  as  regards  the  left  cavities,  ami  with  that 
of  the  veins,  as  regards  the  right.      Its  arteries — 


Oordi 


dtfra  sen  Phtlnsh  C>,rdi*,  Cardia'troph'ia,  Acor- 
diotroph'ia.     A  condition  of  the  organ   in  which 
•  diminution  in  the  thickness  of  th.-  pari- 
etes of  the  whole  organ. 

Hrart,  Bratirg  of  ran,  see  B  art  —  h.  Dila- 
tation of  the,  see  Aneurism— h.  Displacement  of 
the,  Ectopia  Cordis— h.  Fatty,  Steatosis  cordis. 
Hrart,  Ht'pertropht  of  hi:  .  Hyptrtroph'in 
'■'  :      ■         ■>./!,■    -  ■        •-      C 
pereardiotropk'ia,   Cardiaux'e,   Am  ury$' 

vum  (Corvisart),  Cor  bovi'num  ecu  r«Mrf- 
num,  Enor'mita*  cordis,  (F.)  Hypertrophic  du 
I'm,-.  Supernutrition  of  the  muscular  parietes 
of  the  heart,  which  are  thicker  than  usual:  the 
cavities  being  generally  diminished.  The  ««v». 
The  mus-  ieal  signs  which  indicate  it  are  the  following.  In 
cases  of  long  standing,  the  precordial  region  is 
generally  prominent;  the  pulsations  of  the  heart 
are  visible  over  a  greater  extent  than  natural: 
and  a  marked  vibration  is  communicated  to  the 
hand  when  placed  on  the  cardiac  region.  The 
j  dull  sound  on  percussion  is  more  extensive  than 
natural;  and  on  atuculta 


nation   there   is   a   perma- 
the  coroiiary  —  arise  from  the  commencement  of     nent   increase   of  the   force   and  extent  of  the 

the  aorta.     Its  n,-  i.  chiefly,  from  the     heart's  action  ;  there  is  no  increase,  however,  of 

frequency,  and  the  rhythm  is  regular.     The  pulse 


pneumogastnc  and  the  cervical  ganglions  of  the 

sympathetic.     The  heart  is  the  great  agent 

in  the  circulation.      By  it--  contraction,  the  blood 

•  over  every  part  of  the  body.  Its  action 
does  not  seem  to  be  directly  owing  to  nervous 
influence  received  from  the  brain  or  spinal  mar- 
row, or  from  both.  The  circulation  may,  indeed, 
be  kept  up,  for  some  time,  if  both  braiii  and  spi- 
nal marrow  be  destroyed. 

When  the  ear  is  applied  to  the  chest,  a  dull, 
lengthened  sound  is  heard,  which  is  svnehronous 
with  the  arterial  pulse.  This  is  instantly  suc- 
ceeded by  a  Bharp,  quick  sound,  like  that  of  the 
valve  of  a  bellows  or  the  lapping  of  a  d 
this  it  followe  1  by  a  period  of  repose.  The  first 
■one  1  ii  ars  to  be  mainly  produce, 1  by  the  con- 
traction of  the  ventricles:  the  second,  by  the  re- 

B«x  of  ti,.-  1,; i  against  the  semilunar  valves. 

These    are    what    are   called    the    Sounds   of  the 
P.)  Bruit*  du  Cceur.     Dr.  C.  J.  B.  Wil- 
liams  thinks  that  the  word  luhb-dup  conveys  a 
notion  of  the  two  sounds.     The  Beating  or  Jm 


IS  generally  strong,  full,  and  hard. 

Hrart,  Hypertrophy  with    Dilatation   op 
tiik.   Active  an'euriem,   Eccen'tric  hy'pertrophu. 

In  this  affection,  the  pulsations  can 'he  seen  ami 
felt  over  a  larger  space,  and  the  apes  is  more  to 
the  left  and  lower  down  than  natural.  The  im- 
pulse is  less  steady,  but  at  times  more  \ 
than  that  which  accompanies  simple  hypertrophy. 
Percussion  gives  more  distinct  evidence  of  the 
enlargement,  the  sound  being  more  extensively 
dull.     On  auscultation,  the  impulse  is  often  via- 

I  lent,  but  irregular:  in  extreme  cases,  it  produces 
the  sensation  of  a  large  mass  of  flesh  rolling  or 
revolving  beneath  the  ear.  The  pulse  is  strong, 
full,  and  vibratory.  The  shock  of  the  heart's  ac- 
tion is  often  transmitted  to  the  whole  person,  and 
to  the  bed  on  which  the  patient  is  !yin<_:. 

Hrart,    Concentric   Htprrtropht   of   thr, 
I'.      Hypertrophic    concentrique,    Hypertrophic 

centriphe  du  Coeur,  Ttetrait   ventriculaire,  Cardi- 


whether  the  impulsion  be  produced  by  the  dila- 
tation or  the  contraction  of  the  ventricles. 

following  table  exhibits  the  different  ac- 

.  and  their  coincidence  with  its 

founds  and  impulse.    It  presumes,  that  the  period 

from  the  c< nenceraent  of  one  pulsation  to  that 

ther  i<  divided  int  >  eight  parts ;  and  if  the 
case  of  a  person,  whose  pulse  beats  sixty  times 
m  a  minute,  be  taken,  each  of  these  part-  will 

int  the  eighth  of  a  second. 

Eighths  or    »    - 
irtof  the  pauae....l...Auriele«  contracting; 


'  lo  make 
Chalenr. 


Pause. 


II  V.\  RT'fi  EASE,  Polygonum  persicaria,  Viola 

tricolor. 

HEARTS,    LYMPH.    Lymphatic    hearts  —  h. 
Lymphatic,  Lymphatic  b 

HEARTAXES,  Ardor  ventriculi. 
HEARTBURN,  Ardor  ventriculi.  CardiaKia. 
HEARTSCALD,  Ardor  ventriculi. 

HBART-SCIRTS,  Diaphragm. 
HEARTWORT,  Laserpitium  album. 
HEAT,  past  participle  of  Sax.  haetan, 
warm.'      Color,     Therma,    9epu*. 

The   material   cause,   which   produce* 
tion— or  the  particular  sensation  itself—] 

by  a  body  of  an  elevated  temperature,  on  our  or- 

■1 Wly  on  the  organs  of  touch.     Modern 

Chy mists    have   given    the    name    Calar'ic 
principle,  whatever   may    be   its    nature,  which    is 

,!"'  oan f  heat.      When  we   tou.-h   a   body  of  a 

temperature    superior    to    our   own.    a    p<  i  ;  ■.,.,    of 
Calorio    passes    from    the    body    to    the    hand,    and 

lensation  of  /,,,„.     ir,  on  the  con- 
we  touch  a  body  of  a  temperature  inferior 

to  our  ..(vn.  we  communicate  a  portion   i  f  i  or 
•tie  to  it.  and  experience  the  sensation  uf  cold. 

wh,,'h  ar •'""•  '"""'•"'•-     "•"•  own  sensations  are  but  imperfect  indexes  of 

1  '•"/''"/•'•  ':<  mperature.     Two  mea   meeting  at  the  middle 

U  of  a  mountain,— the  one  ascending,  the  other  de- 


First  sound  and  impulse..].. 


ventricles  distend- 
ed. 
Ventricles    contract- 
ing; auricles  dllat- 
*ng 

d  i  i  if 

iting. 
itricles    dilating; 
auricles  distended. 
The  '  rerent  orgai 

tion  of  • 

Hi  BY  of  tui;;  Atropk'id 


Second  sound 2. ..Ventricles 

auricles 
I 


HEAT 


450 


HEAT 


fcending, —  will  experience  different  sensations. 
The  one  ascending,  passes  from  a  warmer  to  a 
colder  atmosphere;  —  the  one  descending  from  a 
colder  to  a  warmer. 

The  chief  instrument  for  measuring  heat,  used 


in  medicine,  is  the  thermometer.  Of  this  there 
are  three  kinds:  —  that  of  Fahrenheit,  that  of 
Reaumur,  and  that  of  Celsius  or  the  Centigrade. 
The  following  Table  exhibits  the  correspondence 
of  these  different  thermometric  scales. 


Fan. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fan. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fan. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fah. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

212a 

80.00 

100.00 

148 

51.55 

6-4.44 

85 

23.55 

29.44 

22 

—  4.44 

—  5.55 

211 

79.55 

99.44 

147 

51.11 

63.88 

84 

23.11 

28.88 

21 

—  4.8S 

—  6.11 

2106 

79.11 

98.88 

146 

50.66 

63.33 

83 

22.66 

28.33 

20  u 

—  5.33 

—  6.66 

209 

78.66 

98.33 

145 

50.22 

62.77 

82 

22.22 

27.77 

19 

—  5.77 

—  7.22 

208 

78.22 

97.77 

144 

49.77 

62.22 

Slo 

21.77 

27.22 

18 

—  0.22 

—  7.77 

207 

77.M 

97.22 

143 

49.33 

61 .66 

80 

21.33 

20.06 

17 

—  6.66 

—  8.33 

206 

77.33 

96.66 

U2g 

48.88 

61.11 

79 

20.88 

20.11 

16 

—  7.11 

—  8.88 

205 

76.88 

96.11 

141 

48.44 

60.55 

78 

20.44 

25.55 

15 

—  7.55 

—  9.44 

204 

76.44 

95.55 

140 

48.00 

60.00 

77 

20.00 

25.00 

14 

—  8.00 

-r-10.00 

203 

76.00 

95.00 

139 

47.55 

59.44 

7  6p 

19.55 

24.44 

13 

—  8.44 

—10.55 

202 

75.55 

94.44 

138 

47.11 

58.88 

19.11 

23.88 

12 

—  8.88 

—11.11 

201 

75.11 

93.88 

137 

46.66 

58.33 

74 

18.66 

23.33 

11 

—  9.33 

—11.06 

200 

74.66 

93.33 

136 

46.22 

57.77 

73 

18.22 

22.77 

10 

—  9.77 

—12.22 

199 

74.22 

92.77 

135 

45.77 

57.22 

72 

17.77 

22/22 

9 

—10.22 

—12.77 

198 

73.77 

92.22 

134 

45.33 

56.66 

71 

17.33 

21.66 

8 

—10.66 

—13.33 

197 

73.33 

91.66 

133/1 

44.84 

56.11 

70 

16.88 

21 .11 

1v 

—11.11 

-13.88 

196c 

72.88 

91.11 

132 

44.45 

55.55 

69 

16.44 

20.55 

6 

—11 .55 

-14.44 

195 

72.44 

90.55 

131 

44.00 

55.00 

68 

16.00 

20.00 

5 

—12.00 

—15.00 

194 

72.00 

90.00 

130 

43.55 

54.44 

67 

15.55 

19.44 

4 

—12.44 

—15.55 

193 

71.55 

89.44 

129 

43.11 

53.88 

66 

15.11 

18.88 

3 

—12.88 

—16.11 

192 

71.11 

88.88 

128 

42.66 

53.33 

65 

14.66 

18.33 

2 

—13.33 

—10.66 

191 

70.66 

88.33 

127 

42  22 

52.77 

64 

14.22 

17.77 

1 

— 13.';  7 

—17.22 

190 

70.22 

87.77 

126 

41J77 

52.22 

63 

13.77 

17.22 

0 

—14.22 

—17.77 

189 

69.77 

87.22 

125 

41.33 

51.66 

62 

13.33 

10.1 '0 

—  1 

—14.66 

—18.33 

188 

69.33 

86.66 

124 

40.88 

51.11 

61 

12.88 

10.11 

—  2?o 

—15.11 

—18.88 

187 

68.88 

86.11 

123 

40.44 

50.55 

60 

12.44 

15.55 

—  3 

— 15.55 

—19.44 

186 

68.44 

85.55 

122 

40.00 

50.00 

59 

12.00 

15.00 

—  4 

—16.00 

—20.00 

185 

68.00 

85.00 

121 

39.55 

49.44 

58 

11.55 

14.44 

—  5 

—16.44 

—20.55 

184 

67.55 

84.44 

120 

39.11 

48.88 

57 

11.11 

13.88 

—  6 

—16.88 

—21.11 

183 

67.11 

83.88 

119 

38.66 

48.33 

56 

10.66 

13.33 

—  7x 

—17.33 

—21X6 

182 

66.66 

83.33 

118 

38.22 

47.77 

55 

10.22 

12.77 

—  8 

—17.77 

—22.22 

181 

66.22 

82.77 

117 

37.77 

47.22 

54 

9.77 

12.22 

—  9 

—18.22 

—22.77 

ISO 

65.77 

82.22 

116 

37.33 

46.66 

53 

9.33 

11.06 

—10 

—18.66 

—23.33 

179 

65.33 

81.66 

115 

36.S8 

46.11 

52 

8.88 

11.11 

-\\y 

—19.11 

— 23.S8 

17  U 

64.88 

81.11 

114 

36.44 

45.55 

51 

8.44 

*  10.55 

—12 

—19.55 

—24  44. 

177 

64.44 

80.55 

113 

36.00 

45.00 

50? 

8.00 

10.00 

—13 

—20.00 

—25  00 

176 

64.00 

80.00 

112 

35.55 

44.44 

49 

7.55 

9.44 

—14 

—20.44 

— 25  £5 

175 

63.55 

79.44 

111 

35.11 

43.88 

48 

7.11 

8.88 

—15 

—20.88 

—26  11 

174e 

63.11 

78.88 

llOt 

34.66 

43.33 

47 

6.66 

8.33 

—16 

—21.33 

—26  66 

173 

62.66 

78.33 

'  109 

34.22 

42.77 

46 

6.22 

7.77 

—17 

—21.77 

—27.22 

172 

62.22 

77.77 

108 

33.77 

42.22 

45 

5.77 

7.22 

—18 

—22.22 

—27.77 

171 

61.77 

77.22 

107 

33.33 

41.00 

44 

5.33 

6.66 

—19 

—22.66 

— 2S.33 

170 

61.33 

76.66 

106/ 

32.88 

41.11 

43 

4.S8 

6.11 

—20 

—23.11 

—28.88 

1G9 

60.88 

76.11 

105 

32.44 

40.55 

42 

4.44 

5.55 

—21 

—23.55 

—29.41 

168 

60.44 

75.55 

lOlfc 

32.00 

40.00 

41 

4.00 

5.00 

—22 

—24.00 

—30.00 

167/ 

60.00 

75.00 

103 

31.55 

39.44 

40 

3.55 

4.44 

—23 

—24.44 

—30.55 

166 

59.55 

74.44 

102Z 

31.11 

38.88 

39 

3.11 

3.88 

—24 

—24.88 

—31.11 

165 

59.11 

73.S8 

101 

30.66 

38.33 

38 

2.66 

3.33 

—25 

—25.33 

—31.69 

164 

5S.66 

73.33 

100W 

30.22 

37.77 

37 

2.22 

2.77 

—26 

—25.77 

32.22 

163 

58.22 

72.77 

99 

29.77 

37.22 

36 

1.77 

2.22 

—27 

—26.22 

—y'l-ii 

162 

57.77 

72.22 

9Sn 

29.33 

36.66 

35 

1.33 

1.66 

—28 

—26.66 

—33.33 

161 

57.33 

71.66 

97 

28.88 

3P.11 

34 

0.88 

1.11 

—29 

—27.11 

—33.88 

1C0 

56.88 

71.11 

96 

28.44 

35.55 

33 

0.44 

0.55 

—30 

—27.55 

—34.44 

159 

56.44 

70.55 

95 

2S.00 

35.00 

32r 

0.00 

0.00 

—31 

28.84 

—35.00 

158 

56.00 

70.00 

94 

27.55 

34.44 

31 

—0.44 

—0.55 

—32 

— 28  loo 

—35.55 

157 

55.55 

69.44 

93 

27.11 

33.88 

30s 

—0.88 

—1.61 

—33 

— 28.S8 

—36.18 

156 

55.11 

68.88 

92 

26.66 

33.33 

29 

—1.33 

—1.66 

—34 

—29.33 

—36.66 

155 

54.66 

68.33 

91 

26.22 

32.77 

28* 

—1.77 

2.22 

—35 

—29.77 

—37.22 

154 

54.22 

67.77 

90 

25.77 

32.22 

27 

—2.22 

—2.77 

—36 

—430.22 

— 37.77 

153 

53.77 

67.22 

89 

25.33 

31.66 

26 

—2.66 

—3.33 

— W 

—30.66 

—38.23 

152 

53.33 

66.66 

88 

24.88 

31.11 

25 

—3.11 

—3.88 

—38 

—31.11 

—38.88 

151 

52.88 

66.11 

87 

24.44 

30.55 

24 

—3.55 

—4.44 

—39* 

—31 .55 

—39.44 

150 

52.44 

65.55 

86 

24.00 

30.00 

23 

—4.00 

—5.00 

—40 

—32.00 

—40.00 

149 

52.00 

65.00 

i 

a  Water  boils  (Barnm.  30  inches.) 

b  Heat  of  a  stove,  borne  by  Dr.  So- 
lander. 

c  Heat  of  a  stove,  borne  for  10  mi- 
nutes by  Sir  Joseph  Banks  and  Dr. 
Solander. 

d  Water  simmers. 

e.  Alcohol  boils. 

/  Very  pure  ether  distils. 

g  Bees'  wax  melts. 

h  Spermaceti  melts. 


i  Temperature  at  which  liquids 
are  often  drunk. 

j  Heat  observed  in  Scarlatina. 

k  Temperature  of  the  common  hen. 

I  Temperature  of  arterial  blood.  [?] 

m  Temperature  of  venous  blood. 
Phosphorus  melts. 

n  Ether  boils,    o  Nitric  ether  boils. 

p  Muriatic  ether  boils. 

q  Medium  temperature  of  the 
globe.  r  Ice  melts. 


8  Milk  freezes. 

t  Vinegar  freezes. 

v  Strong  wine  freezes. 

v  A  mixture  of  one  part  of  alcoho! 
and  three  of  water  freezes. 

w  Cold  at  the  battle  of  Eylau.  1807 

x  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  al- 
cohol and  water  freezes. 

y  A  mixture  of  two  parts  of  alco- 
hol and  on*;  of  water  freezes. 

z  Melting  point  of  quicksilver. 


To  reduce  Centigrade  degrees  to  those  of  Fah- 
renheit, multiply  by  9,  divide  by  5,  and  add  32: 
thus,  40°  Cent.  X  9  -f-  5  +  32  =  104°  Fahr.  To 
reduce  Fahrenheit's  degrees  to  those  of  Centigrade, 
subtract  32,  multiply  by  5,  and  divide  by  9:  thus, 


104°  Fahr.— 32  X  5  -r-  9  ==  40°  Cent.  To  re- 
duce Reaumur's  degrees  to  those  of  Fahrenheit, 
multiply  by  9,  divide  by  4,  and  add  32  :  thus,  32° 
Reaum.  X  9  -H  4  +  32  —  104°  Fahr.  To  reduce 
Fahrenheit' 8  degrees  to  those  of  Reaumur,  subtract 


HEAT 


451 


HECTIC   FEVER 


32,  multiply  by  4,  and  divide  by  9:  thus,  1"1° 
Fakr.  —  82X4  —  t  -  32  Rtauuu.  To  redact 
H.'auinnr'H  degree*  to  tkoee  of  Centigrade,  multi- 
ply by  t>,  ind  divide  by  4':  thus  32°  Riant*. 
X  5  -|-  4  =  40°  Cent.  ;  and,  lastly,  to  reduct  ''■  H- 
tigrade  degree*  to  those  of  Reaumur,  multiply  by 
4.' and  divide  by  5:  thus,  40°  Cent.  X  4  -^-  5  =  32° 

Fahrenheit.  Centiirrade.  Reaumur. 


80 


40 


Thermometers. 

The  human  body  can  bear  a  high  degree  of 
heat  diffused  in  the  atmosphere.    There  are  cases  I 
on  record,  where  air  of  400°  and    upwards,  of  ] 
Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  breathed  with  im- 
punity for  a  short  time.     It  can  likewise  with- 
.-  r ;  1 1 1  - 1  very  severe  cold.      In   the  expedition  of  \ 
(.'apt.  Back  to  the  Arctic  regions,  the  thermome- 
ter was  us  low  as  —  70°  of  Fahr.,  and  Sir  George 
Bi 


mpson  affirms,  that  it  has  fallen  in  Siberia  to 
—  83°,  or  115°  below  the  freezing  point.  Dr. 
Kane,  in  the  Arctic  regions,  in  1853-54,  observed 
the  range  of  eleven  spirit  thermometers,  selected 
lards,  U)  vary  from  — 60°  to— 75°.  The 
mean  annual  temperature  was  5°. 2  —  the  lowest 
uv.t  registered. 

heat  disposes  the  body  to  gastric 
and  intestinal  diseases,  and  particularly  to  in- 
flammation and  enlargement  of  the  liver;  hence, 
the  frequency  of  such  affections  within  the  torrid 
eone.  Heat  is  often  used  therapeutically  :  the 
actual  cautery,  at  a  white  heat,  disorganizes  the 
parts  to  which  it  is  applied:  a  lesser  degree  occa- 
riOBI  violent  inflammation.  Heat  higher  than 
that  of  the  human  body  is  excitant ;  of  a  lower 
i'ive.  Excessive  cold  acts  as  a  power- 
ful sedative —  inducing  sleep,  the  tendency  to 
which,  after  long  exposure,  becomes  irresistible. 
Id.  Many  of  the  topical  applications  —  as 
cataplasms — act  wholly  by  virtue  of  their  warmth 
and  moisture. 

11k  \t.  Ardor  vene' rent,  Prurftue,  (F.)  Chaleure, 
Choi,  tin  ,!,h  Animaux,  Rut,  is  the  periodical  mx- 
ual  desire  experienced  by  animals, —  (Ettruaftion, 

It  ii  ■apposed  by  sonic  to  be  owing  to  the  periodi- 
cal maturation  and  discharge  of  ova, — Orula'tion, 
Hi  vr,  Acrid,  see  Acrid — h.  Animal,  tee  Ani- 
mal   He.it. 

u-orr.F.XY,  see  Coup~de-eoleil. 

He  AT,     Ivtku'nm,.    {V.)    Chalemr     intern,,    is    a 

sensation  of  heat  felt  by  the  patient,  bat  nol  sen- 
Bible  to  the  touch.     External  leaf,  (F.)  Chalenr 
that   which   can   be   fell   by   others. 
Ardor,  is  called  moitt,  (F.)  haliteum    when 


accompanied  with  moisture,  like  that  felt  after 
bathing;  dry,  (F.)  eeche,  when  the  skin  has  not 

its  ordinary  softness.  It  is  called  aerid  and  j,nn- 
yent,  (F.)  acre   et    nmrtf iennt, .  when    if    Conveys  a, 

disagreeable  tingling  to  the  fingers.     The  French 

employ  the  terms  nervou*  heat  and  errat'ic  /not, 
C/ndeiir  nervenet  and  ('hohur  erratique,  for  that 

Which  comes  by  flushes,  alternating  with  chills, 
and  which  moves  rapidly  from  one  part  to  an- 
other. M.  Double  has  used  the  term  teptic  heat, 
(F.)  Chaleur  teptique,  for  that  which  produces  a 
pungent  sensation  on  the  hand,  similar  to  that 
of  the  acrid  heat,  but  milder  and  more  uniform, 
and  which  is  accompanied  with  feebleness  and 
frequency  of  pulse,  Ac. 

11k  \r.  PRICK LT,  Lichen  tropicus. 

HEATH,  COMMON,  Erica  vulgaris. 

HEATHER,  Erica  rulgaris. 
HEATHER-CLU,  Malleolus. 
HEAUTOPHONICS,  see  Autophonia, 

HEAVINESS,  Somnolency. 

11  SAVING,  Vomiturition. 

HEAVY,  ffravie,  (F.)  Gravatif,  from  Sax. 
heapan,  'to  heave.'  An  epithet  given  to  any 
pain  which  consists  in  a  sensation  of  weight  or 
heaviness,  or  is  accompanied  by  such  sensation. 

HEBDOMADAL  CYCLE,  set  Cycle. 

HEBDOMAD  ARIA,  Octana, 

HEBE,  'vJn,  Juven'ta,  Juven'tae,  Juven'tue, 
Horn.  In  Antiquity,  the  goddess  of  puberty. 
The  word  has  been  employed  to  designate.  1. 
The  first  hair  that  grows  on  the  pubes,  2.  The 
pubic  region,  and  3.  Puberty. 

HEBETES,  Adolescens. 

HERETO R.  Adolescens. 

HEBETUDO  ANIMI,  Imbecility  —  h.  Den- 
tium,  Ha?modia — h.  Visas,  Amblyopia,  A.-theno- 
pia,  Caligo. 

HEBRADENDRON  CAMBOGIOIDES,  see 
Cambogia. 

HEBREWS,  MED'ICINE  OF  THE.  Medi- 
cine seems  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  with 
the  ancient  Hebrews.  Of  anatomy  they  knew 
nothing.  Their  phmeiohtgy  was  imperfect  and 
filled  with  superstitions;  and  their  therapeutics 
unsatisfactory.  Hygiene  appears  to  have  been 
most  attended  to.  Of  the  other  departments  of 
medicine  we  cannot  judge  of  their  knowledge. 

HECATOMA  PALUSTRIS,  Ranunculus  sce- 
leratus. 

HECATOMPIIYLLUM,  Rosa  centifolia 

II ECU.  Anhelatio. 

HECK  BERRY,  Prunus  partus. 

HEC'TEUS,  'cktcvs.  A  Greek  measure,  con- 
taining  about  72  chopines  or  pints. 

HECTIC  FEVER,  Febrit  hec'tica  sen  pht AiV- 
fen  Beunaraemo'dee  sen   tab1  i da   sea   leuta   sea 

ninjiJi  inter'  inn    htv'tien    sell    o  mato'  rin ,    J It <  t'noji' '- 

yra,  Hecticopyr'etoe,  Hec'tica,  Amphimer'ina  hec'- 
tica, Synteeop'yra,  Syntecticop'yra,  Marasmup'- 
yra,  Leneopyr'ia,   Epan'etut   hec'tica,   Chloro'vi* 

n no, to',  in,  Ettick,  (So.)  Ethik,  Etick,  (E.)  Fit" ere. 
Hectique  ea  atique,  from  't£i$,  'habit  of  body:' 
because  in  this  disease  every  part  of  the  body  is 
emaciated  j  or,  perhaps,  from  i*ti]kw,  '  I  consume,' 
•  1  am  exhausted.'  The  name  of  a  blow,  continued, 
or  remittent    fever,  which   generally  accompanies 

the  end  <>t'  organic  affections,  and  has  been  es- 
teemed idiopathic,  although  it  is  probably  alwavs 
symptomatic.      It   is    the    fever  of   irritation    and 

debility  :  and  is  characterised  by  progressive  ema- 
ciation, frequent  pulse,  hot  skin,  —  especially  of 

the  palms  of  the  hands  and  soles  of  the  feet, — 
and,   towards    the   end,   colliquative    sweats    and 

diarrhoea.  Being  symptomatic,  it  can  only  bo 
removed  by  getting  rid  of  the  original  affection. 
This  is  generally  difficult,  and  almost  hopeless  in 


the  disease  which  it 
nies, — consumption. 


most   commonly  occompa- 


IIECTICA 


4  52 


IIELICINE 


HECTICA,  Hectic  Fever— h.  Infantilis,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent. 

HECTICOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

HECT1COPYRKTOS,  Hectic  fever. 

HEC'TISIS,  (F.)  Etteie.  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  those  who  have  hectic  fever. 

HECTOGRAMME,   Hectogram' ma,  from  't<a 


a  hundred,' and  yfia^ia. 


A  measure  of  100 


grammes,  i.  e.,  3  ounces,  1  drachm,  and  44  grains, 
Troy. 

HECTOLITRE.      A  measure   containing  100 
litres  or  26.42  wine  pints. 
HECUSIUS,  Voluntary. 

HEDEO'MA,  Hedeo'ma  pnlegio'i'des,  .Cuni'la 
pnlegio'i'des,  Metis' sa  pulcgio'ides,  Pennyroyal, 
Tickweed,  Stinking  Balm,  Souawmint.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia  ;  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatae.  From 
'rjhvs,  'agreeable.'  An  indigenous  plant,  common 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  which, 
where  it  is  abundant,  perfumes  the  air  for  a  con- 
siderable distance.  It  is  employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  mints  and  the  English  pennyroyal. 
In  popular  practice  it  is  used  as  an  eminenagogue. 
The  O'/eum  Hedeo'ma}  (Ph.  U.  S.)  or  Oil  of 
Pennyroyal  is  used  as  a  stimulating  carminative, 
dropped  on  sugar.  Dose,  2  to  6  drops. 
HEDERA  ARBOREA.  H.  Helix. 
Hed'era  Helix,  Hed'era  arbo'rea,  Bac'chica, 
Cissos,  Kiatjog,  Cittos,  kittos,  Ed' era,  Corymbe'tra, 
Gorym'bos,  (Sc.)  Bindwood,  Ivy,  (F. )  Lierre,  L. 
Cornmun  ou  grimpant.  Ord.  Araliaceae.  The 
taste  of  ivy  leaves  is  bitter,  styptic,  and  nauseous. 
They  are  not  used  in  medicine.  According  to 
Haller,  they  were  recommended  in  Germany 
against  the  atrophy  of  children  ;  and  the  common 
people  of  England  sometimes  apply  them  to  run- 
ning sores  and  to  keep  issues  open.  The  berries 
■were  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to  have  an  emetic 
and  purgative  quality;  and  a  watery  extract  was 
made  from  them,  called  by  Quercetanus  Extrac- 
tum  purgan&.  From  the  stalk  of  the  tree  a  re- 
sinous juice  exudes,  in  warm  climates,  called 
Gummi  Hed'erce,  Ivy  Gum,  (F.)  Gomme  de  lierre, 
Besine  de  lierre.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and 
astringent  properties,  but  is  not  used. 

Hedera  Terrestris,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
HEDERULA,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
HEDE.  Head. 
HEDEVERK,  Cephalalgia. 
HEDEWARK,  Cephalalgia. 
HEDISARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 
HEDRA,  f£<5p«,  r£<fy>7,  'a  vestige,'  'a  seat.'     A 
seat.     A  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  in 
which  the  trace  of  the  fracturing  instrument  is 
still  perceptible.     It  was,  also,  used  by  the  an- 
cients, for  the   anus,  the   breech,    excrement,  a 
privy,  a  night-chair,  and  for  the  bottom  of   an 
abscess. 

HEDROCELE,  Proctocele. 
HEDYCH'ROUM,  from  ViK,  'agreeable,'  and 
Xpoa,  '  colour.'     A  remedy  of  a  pleasant  colour. 
Applied  to  certain  trochs,  the  chief  constituent  of 
which  was  theriac. 

HEDYPHO'NIA,  from  (n5vs,  'sweet,'  and  (pavr/, 
*  voice.'     Sweetness  of  voice. 

HEDYPNEUS'TUS,  Hedyp'nous,  from  'tfvs, 
'sweet,'  and  ttveu),  '  I  breathe.'  Breathing  sweetly 
or  softly.     Smelling  sweetly. 

HEDYPNOIS  TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum. 

HEDYSARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 
HEDYSMA,  Condiment. 

HEEL,  see  Calcaneum  —  h.  Clubfoot,  see  Kyl- 
losis. 

HEGH,  Anhelatio. 
HEIL,  Sanitas. 

HELCENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 
CTELCOC'ACE,    Gachelco' ma,    from    'sXkos, 


'ulcer,'     and     kukyj,    'badness.'       A    malignant 
ulcer. 

HELCODES,  Ulcerated,  Ulcerous. 
HELCOL'OGY,  Helcolog'ia,  from  'eIkos,  'ul- 
cer, and  \oyos,  'discourse.'     The  doctrine  of,  or 
a  treatise  on,  ulcers. 
HELCOMA,  Ulcer. 
HELCOMENIA,  Menelcosis. 
HELCOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthal'mia  vlcero'sa. 
Ophthalmia  with  ulceration. 

HEL'COPLASTY,  Hel'koplasty,  El'koplasty, 
Elc'oplasty ;  from  'cXkos,  'an  ulcer,'  and  nXaocu), 
'I  form.'  An  operation  which  consists  in  grafting 
on  an  ulcer  a  piece  of  skin  from  the  opposite 
limb,  or  from  the  limb  of  another  person,  when 
the  destruction  of  skin  is  too  great  to  permit  the 
healing  process. 

HEL'COS,  from  'eAko?,  'an  ulcer.'  Hence: 
HELCOSIS,  Elcosis,  Ulceration  —  h.  Cerebri, 
Encephalopyosis — h.  Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea 
— h.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pultnonalis — h.  Rena- 
lis,  Nephrelcosis  —  h.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisis  — 
h.  Vesicae.  Cvstophthisis. 

HELCOST  APHYLO'MA,  from  (t\Kog,  'ulcer,' 
and  GTa<pv\u)na,  'staphyloma.'  Staphyloma  end- 
ing in  ulceration. 

HELCOXERO'SIS.  from    'tX/co?,    'ulcer,'  and 
fypwais,  'dryness.'     The  drying  of  an  ulcer. 
HELCTICA.  Epispastics. 
HELCUS.  Ulcer. 

HELCYD'RION,  Heleyd'rium,  'eUv^piov,  VI- 
cus'culum,  a  small  ulcer,  a  superficial  ulceration 
of  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus,  Foesius. 

HELCYS'TER,  'eXxvoTvp,  from  'e\ku>,  '  I  draw.' 
An  iron  hook  or  crotchet  for  extracting  the  foetus. 
See  Crotchet. 

HELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 
Helen'ium  Autumna'le,  False  Sunflower, 
Sneezewort,  Sneezeiveed,  Swamp  Sunflower ,  Yel- 
low star,  Ox-eye.  Ord.  Compositaa.  An  indi- 
genous herb,  with  large  golden-yellow  compound 
flowers,  which  appear  in  August.  All  its  parts 
are  bitter  and  somewhat  acrid,  and  when  snuffed 
up  the  nostrils  in  powder  are  powerful  sternu- 
tatories. 

HELIAX'THEMUM  CANADEN'SE.  Orstn* 
Canaden' sis,  Froatwort,  Frostweed,  Frost  plant, 
Rock  rose.  Ord.  Cistacea?.  An  herbaceous  plant, 
Helianthemum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  having  large  yellow 
flowers,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  and  flowers,  in  the  Middle  States,  in  June. 
It  has  an  astringent,  slightly  aromatic,  and 
bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  scrofula, 
but  probably  is  nothing  more  than  an  aromatic 
tonic. 

Helian'themum  Corymbo'sttm,  Pock  rose,  an 
indigenous  plant,  is  used  in  the  same  cases. 
HELIASIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 
HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM.  Caffcr- 
tea.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat-.  Ord.  Compo- 
sitae,  which  is  demulcent,  and,  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion, is  recommended  in  catarrh,  phthisis,  and 
other  pulmonary  affections. 

Helichkysum  Serpylltfo'lium,  Hottentot's 
tea,  and  Helichrysum  Auricula'tum  have  simi- 
lar virtues. 

HELICIA,  Age. 

HEL'ICINE,  Helic"inus,  Helicoi'des,  Helico'- 
des,  from  helix,  helicis,  'the  tendril  of  the  vine.' 
Resembling  in  form  the  tendril  of  the  vine. 

Heeicixe  Arteries  of  the  penis,  as  described 
by  J.  Miiller,  are  short  vessels  given  off  from  the 
larger  branches,^ as  well  as  from  the  finest  twigs 
of  the  artery  of  the  organ:  most  of  those  come 
off  at  a  right  angle,  and  project  into  the  cavity 
of  the  spongy  substance,  either  terminating  ab- 
ruptly or  swelling  out  into  a  club-like  process 
without  again  subdividing.  Almost  all  these 
vessels  are  bent  like  a  horn,  so  that  the  end  de- 


Hi:  LI  CIS    MAJOR 


I  5  3 


II  KM  ACHROIN 


balf  ;i  circle  or  somewhat  More.     They 
•  resemblance  to  the  tendrils  of  the 

vine,   whence    their  name.      A   minute   examina- 
tion tt  them,  either  with   the  lens   or  the   micro- 
-    that,   although    they   at    all    times 

into  the  venous  cavities  of  the  eorpora 

cavernosa,   they  are    not    entirely  naked,   but  are 

covered  with  a  delicate  membrane,  which,  under 
the  mi  peara  granular. 

HEL'ICIS  MAJOR.  A  nauaole  of  the  ear, 
whieh  originates  from  the  anterior,  aeute  part  of 
the  helix,  upon  which  it  aaeendj  and  is  inserted 
into  the  helix.  It  pulls  the  part  into  whieh  it  is 
Inserted  a  little  downwards  and  forwards. 

IflBOB.      This  muscle  originates  from 
the   Under  and   fore  part  of  the  helix,  and   U   in- 
serted into  the  helix,  near  the  fissure  in  the  carti- 
tpositfl  the  concha.     Its  use  is  to  contract 
the  fissure. 

HELICOJDES,  llelieine. 

BELICOTRE'MA,  from  'iA<£,  'helix,  cochlea,' 
and  rut) ...i.  -a  foramen.'     The  hole  by  which  the 
the  cochlea  communicate  at  the  apex. 
tTELIENCBPHALITIS,  see  Coup  de  Soldi. 
BELIOMUS,  Convolution. 
HELIKIA,   \_  . 
HBLIONOSIS,  Insolation. 
HBLIOSCIADIDM     XODIFLORUM,    Sium 
nodiflornm. 

HELIOSIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 
HELIOTROPE,  Heliotropium  Europmum. 
HKLIOTROPIOX.  Cicborium  intybus. 
HELIOTRO'PIDM    EUROPJB'UM,  If.  erec- 
tnin    sen    canet'cena   seu    supi'num,    Vemteafria. 
The   He' Hot  rope,  {¥.)    Tournesol,  Herbe  aux  ver- 
ginaoeea.     This    plant   is    eon- 
aperient  properties;  and  to  be 
eapable   id'  destroying    cutaneous    excrescences; 
:    1(8  nam.-. 
HBLIOTBOPIUM  In'dicim.  an   East  India  plant. 
nataraliie  1  in  some  of  the  Western  and  Southern 
bly  has  similar  virtues. 
HELIX,    'cXt^.    Oapre'olue,    from    tt\ctv,     'to 
envelop.'    'to    roll.'      The    fold    is    thus    called, 
whieh  forms  the  outer  circumferance  or  ring  of 
eternal  ear. 
Helix,  Limax. 

Hct.ix  Pom ati A,  (P.) Li maeon,  Colimarnn,  Ex- 

r-i,<jnt.      A  large  kind   of  snail,  transported   from 

itb  of  Europe  to  England  by  Sir  Kenelmo 

.   for  his  lady  when   in  a  decline.     It  was 

Considered  highly  restorative. 

HBLLA,  Incubus. 

HELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus  foetidus  — h. 

-.  Hellel  orue  foetidus. 
HELLEBORE,  Dracontinm  foetidntn— h.  Arae- 
r    ■  iii.V.-ratruin  viride — h.  Black,  Helleborus  niger 

—  h.  Blanc,  Veratram  album  —  b.  Qreen,  Helle- 
viridis —  h.  Noirt    Helleborus   niger  —  h. 
Stinking,  Helleborus  foetidus— h.  Swamp,  Vera- 
tram viride —  b.  Whit.-.  Vcratrum  album. 

HELLEBORIS'MUS,  EUeboriSmu*.    The  me- 

r  treating  disease,  amongst  the  ancients,  by 

.         ■  unpriced  not  only  the  choice, 

iration,  and  administration  of  the  medicine, 

hut.  likewise,  the  knowledge  and  employment  ■■!' 

oinary  precautions  and  reme  i 

-  its  action,  and  preventing  the  pernicious 

tl  which  it  might  occasion. 

HELLEBORUS.  H.  niger— h.  albua,  Yeratram 
album  —  b.  Grandiflorua,  EL  niger —  h.  Trifoliua, 

tUS   1'.-.  ';i;.i  -.    //  .    /■;//,-. 

-■  uleing  I/. /'/./,,„■,    ,,r  Bear'*  /'■■., t,  s.  i. 

.    i      .7         ,  -.  .,-,  i;   .     re /Hide,   ■ 

Ortjfa  I  muneulaeess.      Tic  learas   of 

this    plant    are    said    to    he    anthelmintic.      The 

smell  of  the  fresh  plant  is    extremely  fetid,  and 


the   taste  hitter  and  acrid.      It  usually  a   I 
cathartic. 

HbLLEBOBI   S  //.   'jrtiii'/i/'o'rii*.   I'.ll.l,'- 

ortu  niger,  Melampo'dium,  jfeianorrhi'tit 
loiiiuii,   Black    II-  ■.   ifelampode,   Christmas 

Rose,  Clove-tongue,  (¥.)  Helltbore  noir.  The 
root  of  this  European  plant  —  Hellebortu,  (Ph. 
U.    S.) — has  ible    odour,   ami    hitter, 

acrid  taste.  It  L-  possessed  of  cathartic  proper- 
tic-,  and  has  been  recommended  as  an  emm<  i:a- 
gOgUO.    It  has  been  given  in  mania,  melancholia, 

dropsy,  suppressed  menses,  4e.  Dose,  gr.  x  to 
^j,  as  a  cathartic. 

Hbllbbobdj    Yik'iims,    Qreen    Hellebore.      A 

European  plant,  naturalized  on  Long  Island,  has 
similar  properties  to  the  last. 

HBLLECEBRA,  Sedum. 

HELLENIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Coatua. 

HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aeonituin 
Anthora. 

HELMET  POD,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

HELM  [NS,genitive,27efo!tfttAot,plur.  fle/attV- 
thes  seu  Elmin'tkee,  from  'i\fiivi,  'a  worm.'  A 
worm;  an  entozoon  : — hence: 

HELMINTHAOOGUE,  Anthelmintic. 

HELM  I  NTH  I.  Worms. 

HELMINTH  I  A,  Helminthiasis  —  h.  Alvi, 
Worms. 

Hki.min'thia  Errat'ica.  Worms,  introduced 
by  accident  and  without  finding  a  proper  habita- 
tion in  the  stomach  or  intestines  ;  producing 
spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina,  and  oc- 
casionally vomiting  or  ejections  of  blood;  the 
12th  genus  of  the  order  Enterica,  class  Ca 
of  Good. 

Hbuhbthia  Pomcrs,  Worm?. 

HELMINTHIASIS,  Helminthogen'esis.  A 
generic  name  for  the  condition  which  gives  occa- 
sion to  the  presence  of  intestinal  worms.  It  is, 
i  also,  called  Helmin'thia,  Vermina'tio,  Morbus  ver- 
mino'fnSf  Status  verm  i  no's  us,  Snbur'ra  vermino'ea, 
Sco/eci'asis,  Scolece'sis,  Entozoogen'esis,  Parasi- 
tis'musinteatiuu'lis;  Worm  disease,  Inverviina'tion. 
S(  ■■  Worms. 

HELMINTHIC,  Anthelmintic. 

HELMIXTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana. 

HELMIXTHOCOLICA,  Colica  verminosa. 

HELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Coraicana. 

HELMINTHOGENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

HELMINTHOL'OOT,  Helmintholog"ia,  from 
helmins,  helminthos,  and  \oyos,  'a  description.' 
A  treatise  on  worms. 

HELMINTHONCUS,  Malis  — h.  Medinensis, 

Draeunculus. 

HELMINTHOP'YRA,  Helminthopyr'eto*,  Fe- 
bris   mermino'sa,   from    helmins,    helminthos,    and 

fever.'     Fever  occasioned  by  worms.     See 
Fever,  verminous. 

HELM  I N  T 1 1  <  I PV  R  BT(  >8,  Helminthopyra. 
HELMINTH  US  GORDII,  Seta  equina, 
HELODES,  l 
HELONIAS  DIOICA,  Cbammlerium  luteum— 

h.  Erythrosperma.  Amianthum    muscsetoxicum — ■ 

b.  Lutea,  Cbammleriom  luteum  —  h.  Officinalis, 
-ee  Veratrina, 

HELOPYB  \.   Elodes  (febri.O. 

HELOPYRETUS,  Elodes  (febria). 
HELOS,  Clavus,  Marsh. 

1 1  BLI I 'S  [  S,  Helo'tit :  from  'MXW,  '  I  turn.'  ft  ■  r- 
lion  of  the  eyelids,  ami  convulsions  id'  the  muscles 

of  the  eyes.     Plica  Polonica,     Strabismus. 
HEL0TI8,  Helosis,  PHca. 
HELUS,  (Mavus  Heloa. 
HELVELLA  ESCULENTA,  MorcheRa  escu- 

HELXINE.  Parietaria. 
HEMACHROIN,  Hematin, 


IIEMA  D  YXA  ME  TR  E 


454 


HEMISPHERE 


HE  MA  D  YXAMETRE,  Hasmadynamometer. 
H  EM  A  I)  YXA  MIQ  TJE  Haemadynamics. 
HEM  A  PER  I  TON  Hi  RHA  GIE,  Hamaperito- 
nirrkay" ia ;  from  'aipa,  ' blood,' peritontBUin,  and 

prjyvvjju,  '  I  break    forth/     Hemorrhage  into  the 
peritoneum. 

HEMAPROCTIE.  Hfemorrhois. 
HE  MA  S  TA  Tl  Q  UES,  H  ae  matostatica. 
HEMATIDROSE,  Sudor  cruentus. 
HEMATIN,  Haematin. 
HE  MA  TO-EXCEPHALIE,  Apoplexy. 
HEMATOID,  Ha?matodes. 
HEM  A  TO'iDINE,  Haematoidin. 
HEMATOLOGIE,  Haematology. 
HEMATOLOGY,  Haematology. 
HEM  ATOMY ELIE,  Hemorrhagic  de  la±  Mo- 
elle  E)>iniere. 

HEMATOXCIE,  Hrematoncus,  see  Haemato- 
des  fungus — h.  Fongoide,  Haematodes  fungus. 
•  HEMATOPISIE,  Haematops. 
HEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 
HEMATOSIN,  Hammtin. 
HEMATOSTATICS,  Haematostatica. 
HE  MA  TO  ST  A  TIQ  UES,  Haematostatica. 
HEM ATOZO AIRES,  Haematozoa. 
HEMEXDOCARDE,  Haaniendocardium. 
HEMERA.  'iiixtpa,  'a  day.'     Dies.     Hence: 
HEMERALOPIA,  see  Nyctalopia. 
Hemekalo'pia,    from    'rwtpa,  'the    day,'    and 
oTrrofiai,    '  I    see.'      Hcemeralops,    Dyso'pia    seu 
Cali'go  tenebra'mm,  Parop'sis  Xnrtif'uga,    Visits 
dinr'nns,   Xyctalo'pia   (of  some),  Xyctotyphlo'sis, 
Amb/yo'pia  crepnscnla'  ris,  Ccecitas  crejtnscula'ris 
seu    noctnr'na,    A'cies    dinr'na,    Day-sight,   Day- 
vision,  Hen  blindness,  Night  blindness,  Xoetur'wrf 
Amauro'sis,    (F.)     Vue    dinrne,    Aveuglement    de 
Xuit.     A  disease,  in   which   the   eyes  enjoy  the 
faculty  of    seeing,  whilst  the   sun    is   above   the 
horizon,  but  are  incapable  of  seeing  by  the  aid 
of   artificial    light.     Its  causes  are    not  evident. 
The  eye,  when   carefully  examined,  presents  no 
alteration,  either  in  its  membranes  or  humours. 

HEM'ERALOPS,  Do'rea.  One  labouring  under 
hemeralopia.     Also.  Hemeralopia. 
HEMERATYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia. 
HEMERODROMA.  Ephemera. 
HEMEROPATHI'A;  from  'n^pa,  <a  da7/  an<l 
Ttadog,  'an  affection.'     A  disease,  which  continues 
only  a  day ;  or,  which  is  only  observed  during 
the  day. 

HEMEROTYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia 
HEM  I,  'rifii,  'rjuKTvi,  'half,'  'semi.'     Hence: 
HEMIACEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  HemiacephaleArom 
hemi,  a,  privative,  and  KeipaXrj,  'head.'     A  mon- 
ster whose  head  is  represented   by  a  shapeless 
tumour,  with  some  appendages  or  cutaneous  folds 
anteriorly,  the  thoracic  extremities  existing. 
HEMIAMAUR0SI3,  Hemiopia. 
HEMIANDRUS,  Eunuch. 
HEMIANOR.  Eunuch. 
HEMIANTHROPIA,  Mania. 
HEMIANTHROPUS,  Eunuch,  Maniac. 
HEMIAZYGA  (Vena),  see  Azygos  vein. 
HEMICEPHAL.EA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMICEPHALJEUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPHALIUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPHALUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPH'ALUS,    Hemienceph'alus,    Semi- 
ceph'alns,  from  hemi,  'half,'  and  KetpaXrj,  'head.' 
One  who  has  half  a  head. 

HEMICRA'NIA,  HevMcephala'a,  Migra'na, 
Grana,  Hemipa'gia,  Hemipe'gia,  Heterocra'nia, 
JInnopa'gia,  Mnuope'gia,  Cephalcp.'a  Hemiera'nia, 
Hemipathi'a,  XenraTgia  cerebra'lis,  Megrim, 
from  hemi,  'half,'  and  Kpaviov,  'cranium.'  (F.) 
Migraine.     Pain,  confined  to  one  half  the  head. 


It  is  almost  ulways  of  an  intermittent  character; 
— at  times,  continuing  only  as  long  frs  ilie  sun  is 
above  the  horizon  :  and  hence  sometimes  called 
Sun-pain,  —  and  is  cured  by  cinchona,  arsenic, 
and  the  remedies  adapted  for  intermittent?. 
Hemicrania  Idiopathica,  Neuralgia,  facial. 


HEMIDES'MUS    IN'DICUS,   Pt 


'/oca   In' 


diea,  Ascle'j/ias  Pseudosar'sa,  Sarsaparil'la  ln'- 
dica,  Xnnnari,  Indian  Sarsapa rilla.  Old.  As- 
clepiadaceae.  A  Hindoostanee  plant,  the  root  of 
which,  Heniidesn-'iis  (Ph.  D.),  has  a  peculiar  aro- 
matic odour,  and  a  bitterish  taste.  It  is  used  in 
India  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla. 
HEMIDIALYSIS.  Hemiplegia. 
HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS,  Transpira'tio  Uni- 
lat'era  ;  from  hemi,  'half,'  and  ciayopnois,  'per- 
spiration.'    Perspiration  of  one  half  the  body. 

IIEMIEC'TON,  Hemiec'teon,  Semisex'tnm.  A 
vessel  capable  of  containing  36  chopines  or  pints, 
and  in  which  fumigations  were  made  in  diseases 
of  the  uterus  and  vagina. — Hippocrates. 

HEMIENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Hemicneephale, 
from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and  eyKefyaXus,  'the  ence- 
phalon.'  A  monster,  which  has  no  trace  of  the 
organs  of  the  senses,  and  yet  has  a  brain  nearly 
natural.     See  Hemicephalus. 

HEMIM'ELES,  (F.)  Hemimele,  from  hemi, 
'one  half,'  and  f/tXog,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of 
monsters,  in  which  the  upper  or  lower  extremi- 
ties are  very  defective  —  mere  stumps,  —  and  the 
fingers  and  toes  are  entirely  wanting  or  very  im- 
perfect.—I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HEMIMGE'RION,  from  hemi,  and  /xoipa,  'a 
part.'  '  One  half.' — Foesius.  Also,  half  a  drachm. 
— Erotian. 

HEM'INA.  A  Greek  measure,  answering  to 
the  Cotyle,  kotvXti,  i.  e.  one  half  the  sextarius,  or 
about  half  a  pint,  English. 

HEMIOBOL'ION,  Hemiob'olon.  Half  the  obo- 
lus.     A  weight  of  about  five  grains. — Gorneus. 

HEMIO'LION.  A  weight  of  12  drachms,  or 
oz.  1£. — Galen.     See  Sescuncia. 

HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'sis,  Hemiopji'asis,  Snf- 
fu'sio  dimid'ians,  Visits  dimidia'tns,  Marmor'yge 
Hippoc'ratis,  Hcmiamanro' sis,  Amauro'sis  dimi- 
dia'ta,  (F.)  Hemiopie,  from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and 
ovTonai,  'I  see.'  Depraved  vision,  in  which  the 
person  sees  only  one  half  of  an  object. 
HEMIOPIASIS.  Hemiopia. 
HEMIOPSIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIPA'GES,  Dieor'yphns  dihypogas'frins, 
Oc'toptts  sy  naph  eoceph'  a  I  ns,  from  hemi,  '  half,'  and 
rrrj-yvvui,  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which 
twins  are  united  from  the  navel  to  the  vertex. — 
I.  G.  Saint  Hilaire. 

HEMIPAGIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPATHIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPEGIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPHO'NIA,  from   V«»   'half/  and  <pu>w, 
'voice/     Great  weakness    of  voice.     The  husky 
voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

HEMIPLE'GIA,  Hemiplegia,  Hemi dial'y sis, 
Paral'ysis  Hemiplegia,  Semiple'gia,  Semi-si de- 
ra'tio,  from  hemi,  'one  half/  and  -Xrjcou),  or 
kXtjttu),  'I  strike/  Paralysis  of  one  side  of  the 
body.  See  Paral}Tsis.  One  so  palsied  is  said  to 
be  hemipleg" ic,  semi-sidera'tus. 

Hemiplegia  Facialis.  Paralysis,  Bell's. 
HEMIPLEXIA,  Hemiplegia. 
HEMIPROSOPLEGIA,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 
HEMISPH^R^l  CEREBRI,  Hemispheres  of 
the  brain. 

HEM'ISPHERE,  Hemisphce'ra,  Hemisphat'ri- 
urn,  from  hemi,  'one  half/  and  atpaipa,  'a  sphere.' 
One  half  of  a  sphere  or  of  a  body  having  a  sphe- 
roidal shape. 

Hemispheres  op  the  Braix,  Hemisjyh&'rce 
cer'ebri,  Hemispherical  gan'glia,  are  the    upper 


II  E  M I S  P  II  B  II ICAL  G  A  N  G  LI  A      1  5  5 


II  EPATHJEMORRHAGIA 


irtions  of  the  brain,  separated  Crom 
each  other  *>v  the  falx  cerebri. 

II  i: M  I B  Pfl  KK  [CAL  G  A N  GLIA,  Hemispheres 
of  the  brain. 

II  EMIT  K.  HuMuitis. 

HEMITBl  I  rw  •ewi-fer- 

tln'iiu    BeU   tifX'jitittl'tcni,  (F.)    /  .    Fiicre 

from  -li<  mi,  •halt','  and  rpiratof,  '  ter- 
tian.' A  semi-tertian  fever,  BO  sailed  because  it 
seems  I  >th  the  characters  of  the  ter- 

tian  and   iiuutidian   intermittent  —  Galen,  Bpi- 

HEMIUNCIA,  Hemiuneiun. 
HEMIUN'CION,    Hemiuu'cia,   Semttn'cia,   Se- 
miun'eia.     Half  an  oni 

HEMLOCK,  Pinus  Canadensis,  Coninm  macu- 
latuui  —  b.  American,  Cicata  maculata  —  h.  Bas- 
tard,  Chserophyllum  sylvestre —  h.  Common, 
i       am  maculatum. 

vi  out,  (Enanthe. 
Ham  m>,  Taxns  Canadensis. 

Hkmxock  Gum,  see  Pinus  Cadanensis —  h. 
Pitch,  Bee  Pinus  Canadensis — h.  Poison,  Conium 
— h.  Bpmee,  Pinus  Canadei  - 

IIf.mum'k.  Water,  Abkkicah,  Cicnta  maculata, 
Cieuta  aquatics — b.  Water,  fine-leaved,  Phellan- 
drium  aquaticum — h.  Wild,  Cienta  maculata. 
hMmO-ANGIAIRRHAGIE,  Haemoptysis. 
H&MOCARDE,  Hssmooardiorrhagia. 
HBJIOCARDWPLASTIES,  Bee  Polypus. 
HEMODIA,  Hsemodia. 

HE3IO-ENCEPHALORRHAOIEtApop\exj. 
HEMOHEPATORRHAGIE,  Hepatorrbagia, 
HlfjIOMBTBE,  Hsemadynamometer. 
HEMOM  YELORRHAQIE,  Apoplexy,  spinal. 
HlUfOPERICARDE,  Hsemopericardhun. 
HBMOPTYSIE.  Hemoptysis  —  h.  Foudroy- 

•  •■  Haemoptysis. 
HEMORRHAGE,  Hsemorrhagia— h.  Acciden- 
tal, see  Hamorrhagia — h.  Active,  see  Hsemorrha- 
.  from  the  Bladder,  Cystirrhagia — h.  Con- 
Btitutional,   see    Hsemorrhagia — h.    Critical,   see 
Hsemorrhagia — h.  by  Exhalation,  see  Ha?morrha- 
gia — b.  External,  see  Hsemorrhagia — h.  General, 
—  h.  from   the  Intestines,  Me- 
— h.  Internal,  see  Hsemorrhagia —  h.  Inter- 
stitial, Apoplexy — h.  Local,  see  Hse otorrhagia  — 
the  Mucous  Membranes,  -  ••  Hsemorrhagia 
— h.  Passive,  see   Hsemorrhagia — h.  from  the  Pi- 
tuitary .Membrane.  Epi.-taxi.- — h.  Pleural,  Ilaina- 
tothorax —  h.  Secondary,  see  Hsemorrhagia  —  h. 
from  the  Skin.  Sudor  emeritus  —  h.  Spinal,  Apo- 
.  — b.  Spontaneous,  see  Hsemorrhagia 
— b.  Supplementary, see  Hsemorrhagia — h.  Symp- 
irrhagia — h.  of  the  Tissues,  see 
rrhagia  —  b.  Traumatic,  see  Hajmorrhagia 
— h.  Dter  ae,  Metrorrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  Hsematotho- 
■ 

H&MORRHAQIB  BUCCALS,  Stomatorrha- 
gia— h.  Ciribrale,  Apoplexy — h.du  Camr,  Ha-ino- 
rrhagia — h.  dn  Foil,  Hepatorrbagia — k.  fn- 
Lpoplexy — //.  InteretitielU  d*  Pomwum, 
Ha       ptysii        .'■/•■•:-.  Hsematochesia  — 
/'.   o\  .   Metrorrhagia  —  U.    Meningie, 

geal —  It.  <U  In   Moille  Spiniire, 
yelitica — h.  Nataie,  Epistaxis — //.  de 
fe,  Cystirrhagia. 

HBMORRHAGIP'AROUS,     V.    Hi rrkagi- 

from  ha iiiuri 'hagia,  'hemorrhage,'  and  pa- 
i  to.'     That  vrbioh  srh  as  oeeasion 
to  bemorrh  i  I   the   aeurine 

may  be  h*  morrhagipai 

HJIMOBRHIME,  i.,  istaxia. 

VOBRHOFDAIRE  [P.).    One  who  is  sub- 
ject to  hemorrhoids. 


H&MORRHOlDBS,  Hsemoirhoia  — A.  Awe*, 
glee,  Csecse  bsemorrboides.     See  HsemorrhoXs. 
HEM0BBH08C0PIB,  Hsematosoopia. 

II f: MUSI' ash;,  Hsemospasia. 

HEJfOSPASIQUE,  Hsemoepastie. 

HBMOSTASIE,  Hsemostaeia. 

HEMOSTATK  8,  Ha  matostatioa. 

RUSMOSTATIQl  i:s,  Hamatostataea, 

HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apoeynum  eannabinum, 
Bangue — h.  Wild,  Ambrosia  tritida. 

HEMPWEED,  AROMATIC,  Eupatorium  aro- 
maticum  —  h.  Koundleaved,  Eupatorium  rotundi- 
folium. 

11EMPSEED,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

HENBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

IIENB1T,  Lamium  amplexicaule. 

HEN-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

HENNE,  Lawsonia  inennis. 

HENRICEA  PHARMACEARCHA,  Gentiana 
chirayita. 

HENRICUS  RUBENS.  Colcothar. 

HEPAR.  'nwop,  'genitive,'  'v^utos,  'liver.'  A 
name  for  substances  resembling  liver  in  appear- 
ance. The  ancient  name  for  the  liver  of  t*lph*r, 
lhj.'ir  tul'phuritj  which  is  sometimes  a  com- 
pound of  sulphur  and  potassium  :  at  others,  of 
I  sulphur  and  potassa.     See  Potassse  Bulphuretum. 

Hepar  ADIP081  m,  Adiposis  hepatica — h.  Adul- 
tcrinum,  Spleen. 

Hepar  Antimonia'tim  is  a  compound  of  a 
BUlphuret  of  antimony  and  an  alkali.  See  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  Bulphuratum. 

Hepar  Maetia'le.     A  compound  of  sulphuret 
I  of  potass  and  an  oxide  of  iron. 

Hkpab  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  h.  Sinistrum, 
Spleen. 

Hepar  SuccBimrBiA'Ttnr.  An  additional  liver 
or  liver  lobe;  a  case  of  malformation. 

Hkpab  Bulphubis  Sai.inim,  Potassa?  sulphu- 
retum — b.  Sulphuris  volatile.  Ammonise  Bulphu- 
retum— h.  Uterinum,  Placenta  —  h.  Variegatum, 
Liver.  nutme<r. 

HEPATA  L'GIA,  irrpntodijn'ia,  NenraFgia 
Jir'jmtis,  Col'iea  hepat'iea,  from  'rjirap,  'qwaros, 
'liver,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  liver. 
Neuralgia  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Nfvralgie  da  Fair. 

Hkpatalgia  Calculosa,  Colica  hepatica  —  h. 
Petitiana,  Turgeseentia  vesiculSB  felleie  —  b. 
Phlegmonoides,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATAPOSTE'MA,  from  Sjirap,  't,™tos,  and 
uzocTiipa,  'an  abscess.'     Abscess  of  the  liver. 

HEPATARIUS,  Hepaticus. 

HEPATATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  sen  Aridu'ra 
Jk'j, ntis,  from  '»?Tup,  'riiraros,  and  atrophia,  'atro- 
phy.' Atrophy  of  the  liver:  —  a  general  con- 
comitant of  Cirrko'ri*  he'patit, 

HEPATAUXfi,  Hypertropk'ia  hjpati;  (F.) 
Hyperkepatotrophie,  Hypertrophie  dn  foie,  U\- 
pertrophv  of  the  liver. 

HEPATECHE'MA,   Son'itmt  hepatic*;  from 
'wrap,   't]TTaTos,  and   'tj^jia,   'sound.'     Sound  ren- 
i  dered  by  the  liver  on  percussion. 

HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  'r,nnp.  'wwaros, 
and  tfupfjaoob),  'I  obstruct.'  Etnphrax'it  hepati*. 
Hepatic  obstruetion.  —  Ploucquet. 

HE  PA  T 1  •:  NCEPHALO'  M  A .  //-  patotnyeto'mn, 
Fungtu  he'pati§  medulla' rie,  from  'nnap,  'tjwaro.,, 
and  tyKupaXos,  '  encephalon.'  Encephaloid  of  tbo 
liver. 

HEPATE'RUS,  Hepaticut,  Jeeora'rivi.  A 
variety  of  diarrheea,  Flurut  hepatic**. — Gorrseus. 

HEPATHJEMORRHAG'TA,    tJ*morrhag"ia 

hepatica,  Heputorrhag"ia,  Apoplex'ia  hepatica, 

|  I- .  i    Hemorrhagic   il«  foie,   Hemohepatorrhagie, 

tr"in  'r/zup,  'vtutos,  ;uul  'mpupfiuyta,  'hemorrhage.' 

,  Hemorrhage  from  the  liver. 


HEPATIC 


4  56 


HE  P  A  TOC  HO  LORE,  IKEA 


HEPAT'IC,  Hepat'icm,  Hepata'rius,  ffepate'- 
run,  Hepatol'  des,  Hepato'des,  Jecora'rim,  Jec'oral, 
(F.)  Hipatique  Jecoraire,  from  'tinup,  hjnaros. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  or  resembling  liver. 

Hepatic  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  Hepat'ica.  One  of 
the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  coeliac.  It 
passes  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the  liver; 
where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  a  right  and 
i\  left,  which  proceed  towards  the  corresponding 
parts  of  that  organ.  The  right  branch  gives  off 
the  cystic  artery.  Before  dividing,  the  hepatic 
artery  sends  off  two  considerable  branches,  the 
A.  pylorica  and  Gastro-epip/oica  dextra. 

HEPATIC  Duct,  Ductus  hepat'icus,  (F.)  Canal 
htpatique,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth  in 
length,  and  of  the  size  of  a  quill.  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  biliary  ducts,  and  joins  the 
cystic  duct  at  a  very  acute  angle,  to  form  the 
ductus  choledochus.  Its  function  is  to  convey 
the  bile  from  the  liver  towards  the  duodenum. 

Hepatic  Islets,  see  Liver  —  h.  Lobules,  see 
Liver. 

Hepatic  Plexus,  Plexus  hepat'icm,  consists 
of  nervous  filaments,  sent  by  the  coeliac  plexus 
to  the  liver,  which  accompany  the  hepatic  artery. 

Hepatic  Veins,  Supra-hepatic  Veins,  Vence 
circe  hepat'ica,  (F.)  Veines  sus-hepatiques,  Intra- 
lobular veins,  do  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries  of  the  same  name.  They  arise  in  the 
substance  of  the  liver;  converge  towards  the 
posterior  margin  of  that  viscus,  and  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  They  convey  away  the 
blood  carried  to  the  liver  by  the  hepatic  artery 
and  vena  porta. 

HEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed  to  be  ca- 
pable of  affecting  the  liver. 

Hepatica,  II.  triloba  —  h.  Americana,  H.  tri- 
loba—  h.  Fontana,  March  an  tia  polymorpha  —  h. 
Nobilis,  H.  triloba — h.  Stellata,  Asperula  odorata. 

Hepatica  Tril'oba,  H.  America' na,  Anemo'ne 
hepat'ica  seu  nob'i/is,  Herba  trhnta'tis,  Hepat'ica, 
Hepat'icus  flos,  Trifo'lium  hepat'icum  seu  an' - 
renin,  liverwort,  Livericeed,  Trefoil,  Noble  Liver- 
wort, Herb  Triu'ity,  (F.)  Hepatique  des  jardins. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant — Hepat'ica  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
■ — are  a  gentle  astringent,  but  not  possessed  of 
much  virtue. 

HEPATICULA,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

HEPATICUS,  Hepateros  — h.  Flos,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HEPATIFICATIO,  Hepatization. 

HEPATIQUE.  Hepatic—/*.  Etoilee,  Asperula 
odorata  —  h.  des  Fontaine,  March  an  tia  polymor- 
pha—  h.  des  Jardins,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HEPATLRRIKE'A,  Fluxus  hepat'icus.  Hi/sen- 
ter'ia  hepat'ica,  Diarrhce'a  hepat'ica,  Hepator- 
rhae'a,  Hepatocholorrhoe'a,  Hepatodysenter'ia,  He- 
patorrhag"ia,  Hcemote'ra,  Aimate'ra,  (F.)  Flux 
hepatique,  from  lr)irap,  'tjthitos,  and  pew,  'I  flow.' 
A  species  of  diarrhoea  in  which  the  excreted 
matters  seem  to  come  from  the  liver,  or  are  much 
mixed  with  bile. 

HEPATIS  EMUXCTORIA,  Inguen—  h.  Sus- 
pensorium,  Ligament,  suspensory,  of  the  liver. 

HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization  — h.  Pulmo- 
num.  Hepatization  of  the  Lungs. 

HEP  A  TISA  TION,  Hepatization  —  h.  Grise, 
see  Hepatization — h.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization. 

HEPATITES  VENA,  Cava  vena. 

HEPATI'TIS,  Empres'ma  hepati'tis,  Cauma 
seu  Inflamma'tio  he'patis,  I.  Jecin'oris,  Febris 
hepat'ica  inflammato' ria,  Hepatal'gia  phlegmo- 
iio'l'des,  Morbus  jeciu'oria,  Hepatophleg'mone,  In- 
jlammation  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Hepatite,  inflam- 
mation du  foie,  Piece,  (Provincial);  from  'nnap, 
(rinaTOif  '  liver,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 


It  may  be  seated  either  in  the  peritoneal  cover- 
ing, Sero-hepati'tis,  Hepati'tis  velameuto'sa  seu 
extern' a,  Peritoni'tis  hepat'ica,  J'ei  ihepati'tis, 
or  in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  Hepati'tis  poren- 
chymato'sa,  or  in  both,  Pitro-hepati'tis,  and  ir.ay 
be  acute  or  chronic.  The  peculiar  symptoms 
are: — pain  in  the  right  hypochondrium,  shooting 
to  the  back  and  right  shoulder,  and  increased  on 
pressure;  difficulty  of  lying  on  tjie  left  side; 
sometimes  jaundice  with  cough,  and  synocha. 
Its  termination  is  generally  by  resolution  :  —  in 
tropical  climates  it  often  runs  on  to  suppuration, 
Jec'oris  vom'ica,  Hepati'tis  apostemato'sa,  the 
abscess  breaking  either  externally,  or  forming  a 
|  communication  with  the  intestines  or  chest,  or 
|  breaking  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  The 
;  causes  are  those  of  inflammation  in  general. 
|  Heat  predisposes  to  it;  hence  its  greater  frequency 
in  hot  climates.  On  dissection  of  those  who  have 
died  of  it,  the  liver  has  been  found  hard  and  en- 
larged ;  colour  of  a  deep  purple  :  or  the  mem- 
branes have  been  more  or  less  vascular :  or  ad- 
hesions, or  tubercles,  or  hydatids,  or  abscesses, 
or  biliary  calculi  may  be  met  with.  The  treat- 
ment must  be  bold.  Bleeding,  general  and  local, 
fomentations,  blisters,  purgatives,  and  the  anti- 
phlogistic regimen.  In  hot  climates  especially,  a 
new  action  must  be  excited  by  mercury  as  early 
as  possible. 

Hepatitis  Apostematosa,  see  Hepatitis. 

Hepatitis,  Chronic,  Hepati'tis  chron'ica,  In- 
flamma'tio he'patis  lenta,  Hepatitis  occul'ta,  He- 
patic'ula,  Subinfamma'tio  he'patis,  (F.)  Chrono- 
hepatite,  Chronic  liver  disease,  is  not  as  common 
as  is  believed.  It  may  be  suspected  from  the 
existence  of  the  symptoms  above  mentioned, 
when  in  a  minor  degree;  enlargement,  constant 
dull  pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver;  sallow  coun- 
tenance; high-coloured  urine;  clay -coloured 
faeces,  <fcc.  The  great  object  of  treatment  is  to 
excite  a  new  action  by  mercury  and  counter- 
irritants,  and  to  keep  the  liver  free  by  cathartics. 

Hepatitis  Cystica,  Cholecystitis — h.  Externa, 
see  Hepatitis  —  h.  Occulta,  H.  chronic  —  h.  Vela- 
mentosa,  see  Hepatitis  —  h.  Parenchymatosa,  see 
Hepatitis. 

HEPATIZATION,  Hepatisa'tio,  Hepatifjca'- 
tio,  from  'ynap,  'n-aros.  Conversion  into  a  liver- 
like substance.  Applied  to  the  lungs  when  gorged 
with  effused  matters,  so  that  they  are  no  longer 
pervious  to  the  air  —  Hepatisa'tio  pulmo'uum, 
Caruifica'tio  pulmo'num.  In  such  state,  they  are 
said  to  be  hepaiized. 

Hepatization,  Red.  (F.)  Hepatisation  range, 
Endureissement  rouge,  Ramollissement  rouge,  cha- 
racterizes the  first  stage  of  consolidation  of  the 
lungs  in  pneumonia. 

Hepatization,  Gray,  (F.)  Hepatisation  grise, 
Induration  grise,  Ramollissement  gris,  Infiltration 
jjnrulente,  characterizes  the  third  stage,  or  stage 
of  purulent  infiltration. 

HEPATIZON,  Chloasma. 

HEPATOC'ACE,  from  'nnaf,,  ^Traro?,  and  xaKog, 
'evil.'     Gangrene  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOCE'LE,  from  V«P.  'rjTraros.  and 
kt)Xtj,  'a  tumour;'  Her'nia  hepat'ica ;  Hernia  of 
the  liver.  (F.)  Hemic  du  foie.  The  liver  has 
never  been  found  entirely  out  of  the  abdomi- 
nal cavity.  Increase  of  its  bulk,  or  injuries 
of  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen,  have  been  the 
sole  cause  of  the  protrusions  which  have  been 
occasionally  met  with,  especially  in  infants,  in 
whom  the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba  is  very 
weak,  and  indeed  scarcely  seems  to  exist.  S;iu- 
vages  has  distinguished  two  species  of  hepatocele: 
—the  ventral  (in  the  linea  alba),  and  the  umbili- 
cal or  hepatomphafum. 

HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhwa. 


IIEPATOCOLICUM 


•1  -.7 


II  L  KHARTUM 


HEPATOCO'LICUM.  A  ligament  of  theliver, 
described  by  Bailer,  as  i » : i — 1 1 ;  _r  from  the  gall- 
bladder and  contiguous  sinus  portarum,  across 
the  duodenam,  to  the  oolon.  Another,  termed 
from  the  rout  of  the  liver 
to  the  kidney.     They  are  both  peritoneal. 

HEPATOCYSTIC,    Hepatoegt'ticm;    Cgttide- 

p  It'iri.y,   frOm   "t/t,i,;,  ';;T,irU4,  UIlll  KVOTlf,   '  L>  1  il « Ki 0 1". * 

Relating  to  the  liver  ami  gall-bladder. 

Hepatocystic  Duct,  Ductus  hepatocgst'icue. 
The  eholedoefa  duet. 

HEP'ATODYME,   ffepatotfymut,  from   Voa, 

'iiT.ruj.  ami  ciSifioi,  '  a  twin.'  A  monster  united 
at  the  liver,  and  double  above. 

HEPATODYNIA,  Hepatalgia. 

HEPATODYSENTERIA,  Hepatirrhoaa. 

HEPATOGASTRIC,  Gaatrohepatic, 

HEPATOGfctSTROCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  bilious, 
.  gastric. 

HEPATOGRAPHY,  Bepatogra'phia ;  from 
'tjxap,  'tjTciTos.  and  yoa^.T],  'a  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liver. 

HKPATOH.E'MIA.  Hyperemia  he'patis,  Be- 
jxd'ic  Engorge1  meat,  (F.)  Hype  rem  ic  du  Fair,  from 
'ii'ap,  'ii~nToi,  and  'aipa,  '  blood.'  Sanguineous 
g   stioti  of  the  liver. 

HEPATODES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOIDES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOLITHI'ASIS,  from  Spra?,  V«roj, 
nnd  XiOiaats,  •formation  of  stone.'  The  forma- 
t.  m  of  concretions,  Hepatol' ithi,  in  the  liver. 

HEPATOL'OGY,  Hepatolog"ia,  from  'nvap, 
S/jraroj,  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse,'  'treatise.'  A 
treatise  on  the  liver. 

HEPATOMALA'CIA,  Italaco'exe  he'patie,  (F.) 
Ramollieeement  </«  Foie.     Softening  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOM'PHALUS,  from  (r,-ap,  'ijiraros, 
•liver,'  and  ofopnXos,  'navel.'  Hernia  of  the  liver 
at  the  umbilicus. 

HEPATOMYELOMA,  Hepateneephaloma, 

HEPATON'CUS,  from  'nnap,  'ii-aros,  and  oyicos, 
'a  tumour.'     Tumefaction  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from  v«/>.  V«to, 
frnl  rd,.ura/ia,  '  considerable  extension.'  Exces- 
ilargement  of  the  liver. 

HBPATOPATHI'A,  from  'qxap,  'r,TraTOf.  and 
raOui,  '  suffering.'  Liver-disease.  Disease  of  the 
liver. 

E&PATOPA  TIIIE   OANC^REUSE,  Hepa- 
toscirrhue — //.   Tuberculeuse,  Bfpatoetrumoeie. 
BEPATOPHLEGMONE,  Hepatitis. 
BEPATOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthirie  hepat'iea,  from 

'rj~ap,  'ri-aTis,  and  (pQiw,  '  I  consume.'  Consump- 
tion from  suppuration  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHAGIA,  Hepatirrhoea,  Hepathse- 

niorrl, 

BEPATORRHEX'LS,  from  V«p,  '^aros,  and 
•  rapture.'     Rupture  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHCE  \.  Hepatirrhcea. 

nfpATOSAROOMlE,  Hepatoscirrhus. 

BEPATOSCIR'RHUS,    from     'amp,    'jpraro* 

nnd    oKipr"<;.    'cancerous     induration.'      Scirrhue 

he'patit,  Encephalo'eie  or  Care i no' ma  of  the  liver, 

(F.)    afpatoHnrcumie,    Hfipatopathie     cancireuee, 

Scirrhus    or    Cancer    of    the 

///'/'.!  TOSTRUMOSTE,  Tuber* cnla  Wpatie, 
bereulet  du   Foie,    Btpatopathie  tubercu- 

.     -ri-ar  .,,     :  i  111      ■',  ,  ,„<i,      '  ;i      tll- 

inour,'    'a   scrofulous    tumour.'      Tubercle   of   the 

liver. 

BBPATOT'OMY,  from  Srwp,  'nvaros,  and 
tt/xiw,  '  1  cut.'     Diaseciion  of  the  liver. 


HEPIALOS,  Epialos. 
HEPS,  set   R<  sa  canina. 

HEPSEMA,   1 etion. 

HEPSESIS,  Decoction. 

HEPTAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEP  I' A  I.'l.oN   GRAV'EOLENS,  Bogwort, 
'fright.     An  indigenous  plant,  which  baa 
a   fetid    porcine   smell;  and   is   said  to  be  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diaphoretic,  cathartic.  . 

HEPTAPHAR'MACUM,  from  'twrat  'seven,' 
and  (pupuaicov,  'a  remedy.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  seven  substances ;  cerusse,  litharge,  pitch,  wax, 
colophony,  frankincense,  and  bullock's  fat  It  was 
regarded  as  laxative,  suppurating  and  healing. 

HEPTAPHYLLUM,  Tormentilla, 

HEPTAPLEURON,  Plantago  major. 

HERACLEUM,  see  H.  lanatum  —  h.  Branca, 
H.  Bpondylium. 

II  BR  \.  u:'im  SpoNnvi/rr/H,  IT.  Bran'ca,  Branca 
urri'na  sen  Qerman'iea,  Spoudgl'ium,  SphondyV- 
ium,  Cote  Parenep,  All-heal,  Cow-mumble,  fc. 
j  Bunetoand,  (Prov.)  Cuehia,  (F.)  Berce,  Branc- 
vrxine  bdtarde,  Faueee  Acanthe.  Order,  Umbel- 
liferse.  Seie.  Syet.  Pentandria  Digynia.  Dedi- 
cated to  'Hpuk\>is,  '  Hercules.'  The  root  of  this 
plant  has  a  Btrong,  rank  smell  ;  and  a  pungent, 
almost  caustic  taste.  It  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic,  stomachic  and  carminative  ;  both  in  powder 
and  in  decoction.  The  Russians,  Lithuanians, 
and  Poles  obtain  from  its  seeds  and  leaves,  by 
fermentation,  a  very  intoxicating  spirituous  liquor, 
which  they  call  Paret. 

The  root  of  Beracle'um  Lana'tum,  ifaatertoorf, 
Cote parsnep, — Beracle'um  (Ph.  U.  S.)— is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

HERACLEUS  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HERB,  Il<  1 1, a,  Bot'ane.  Any  ligneous  plant, 
which  loses  its  stalk  during  the  winter. 

Herb,  Blessed,  Geum  urbanum — h.  Christo- 
pher, Aetata  spicata. 

Herb-Doctor,  Botan'ical  doctor  or  physie"ian. 
One  who  treats  diseases  altogether  by  herbs;  as 
the — so  called — "  Thompsonians." 

Herb  of  Git-vcro,  Gratiola  officinalis —  h.Mas- 
tich,  common.  Thymus  niastiehina — h.  Mastich, 
Syrian,  Teucrium  marum  —  h.  Peter,  Primula 
veris  h.  Robert,  Geranium  Robertianum  —  b. 
of  Saint  Cunegonde,  Eupatorium  cannabinum —  h. 
Sophia,  Sisymbrium  sophia — h.  Trinity,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HERBA,  Herb  —  h.  Alcxandrina,  Smyrnium 
olusatrum — b.  Althseae,  Pelargonium   cucullatum 

—  h.  Anthos,  Rosmarinus  —  ii.  Benedicta,  Geum 
urbanum — h.  Britannica,  Rum  ex  bydrolapatbum 

—  h.  Canni,  Artemisia  santonioa  —  h.  Cardiaca, 
Leonnrus  cardiaca  —  h.  Cardui  veneris,  DiptRCUS 
fullonum  —  b.  Dorea,  Solidagg  virgaurea— h.  Fe- 
Hs,  Nepeta— b.  Genipi,  Achillea  atrata — b.  Ignis, 

h  Lichen  pyxidatus —  h.  Melancholifuga,  Fumaria 
— h.  Militaris,  Achillea  millefolium  —  h.  Papilla- 
ris, Lapsana — h.  Paralyseos,  Primula  veris  —  h. 
Paralytica.  Primula  veris— h.  Patfle    lapina 
Duroa  cardiaca — h.  Pulicaris,  Plantago  psyllium 

—  h,  Quercini.  Lichen  plicatus  —  h.  Sacra,  Ver- 
bena  officinalis — h.  Balivaris,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  h.  Sardonia,  Ranunculus  seeleratus — h. 
Scelerata,  Ranunculus  scleratus  —  b.  Sideritidis, 
Galeopsis  irrandiflora— b.  Tabaci,  Nicotians  taba- 
eum  —  h.  Trinit.it is.  Anemone  hepatica.  Viola  tri- 
color— h.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  b.  Ven- 
ti-.  AnemAne  Pulsatilla — b.  Vitri,  see  Salsola 
kali  —  b.  Zazarbendi,  Origanum. 

HERB, E  PRO  ENEMATE,  Glyster  herbs  — 
h.  pro  fotu,  Fomentation  bei  bs, 
HERB  \LIST.  Herhorist 
HERBA'RIUM,   from   herba,   a   plant.     (F.) 


HERBARIUS 


458 


HERNIA 


Herbier.  A  collection  of  plants.  Generally  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  dried  plants  —  Hortus  sic- 
cus.    In  Pharmacy,  a  plant  that  is  used  entire. 

HERBARIUS,  Herborist. 

HE  It  HE,  Herb — h.  aux  AbeiUes,  Spiraea  ulma- 
ria  —  lt.au  Cancer,  Plumbago  Europaea —  h.  au 
Ceutattre,  Chironia  centaurium — h.  aux  Chantrcs, 
Erysimum  —  /;.  aux  Vltarpentiers,  Achillea  mille- 
folium, Justitia  pectoralis — h.  aux  Chats,  Nepeta, 
Teucrium  marum  —  h.  au  Coq,  Tanacetum  bal- 
satnita — h.  an  Cuillers,  Cochlearia  officinalis  — 
h.  aux  Ecrouelles,  Serophularia  nodosa — h.  aux 
Ecus,  Lysimachia  nummularia — h.  a  Eternuer, 
Achillea  ptarmica — h.  d  fa  Fievre,  Chironia  cen- 
taurium— h.  aux  Femmes  battues,  Tamus  commu- 
nis— h.  de  Grace,  Ruta — h.  aux  Gueux,  Clematis 
vitalba — h.  aux  Hemorrhoides,  Ranunculus  fica- 
ria — h.  d  I'Hirondelle,  Chelidonium  majus — h.  d 
la  Houette,  Asclepias  Syriaca  —  h.  d'lvrogne,  Lo- 
lium  temulentum — h.  des  Juifs,  Solidago  virgau- 
rea — h.  aux  Ladres,  Veronica — h.  aux  Mamelles, 
Lapsana  —  h.  aux  Mouehes,  Conyza  squarrosa- — 
h.  aux  Jfttraillcs,  Parietaria  —  h.  des  Xones,  Pa- 
rietaria  —  h.  aux  Oies,  Potentilla  reptans — h.  d 
Paris,  Paris — h.  d  la  Paralyiie,  Primula  veris — 
h.  au  Pauvre  homme,  Gratiola  officinalis — h.  aux 
Pedes,  Lithospermum  officinale  —  h.  d  Pisser, 
Pyrola  umbellata  —  h.  d  la  Poudre  de  Chypre, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — h.  aux  Ponx.  Delphinium 
staphisagria — h.  &  laPuce,  see  Apocynum  hyperi- 
cifolium — h.  aux  Puces  commune,  Plantago  psyl- 
lium— h.  d  Robert,  Geranium  Robertianum — h.  d 
la  Rosee,  Drosera  rotundifolia  —  h.  de  Saiute 
Barbe,  Erysimum  barbarea — h.  Sainte  Christophe, 
Actaea  spicata — h.  de  Sainte  Etienne,  Circaea  lute- 
tiana  —  h.  Saint  Fiacre,  Verbascum  thapsus — h. 
de  Saint  Jean,  Artemisia  vulgaris — h.  Saint  Jean, 
Glechoma  hederacea  —  h.  de  Saint  Quirin,  Tus- 
silago — h.  de  Saint  Roch,  Inula  dysenterica  —  h. 
Sainte  Rose,  Paeouia — h.  aux  Sorciers,  Circaea 
lutetiana,  Datura  stramonium — h.  aux  Teiyneux, 
Arctium  lappa  —  h.  d  Tous  les  maux,  Verbena 
officinalis — h.  Turque,  Herniaria  glabra  —  h.  aux 
Vers,  Tanacetum  vulgare — h.  aux  Vermes,  Helio- 
tropiura  Europaeuru. 

HERBIER,  Herbarium,  Ingluvies. 

HERBIVOROUS,  Herbiv'orus,  from  herba, 
'grass,'  and  vorox  '1  eat.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
animals  which  feed  on  herbs. 

HER'BORIST,  Hcrba'rius.  One  who  deals  in 
useful  plants.      An  Herb'alist  or  Herb'arist. 

HERBORIZA'TIOX,  Herba'rum  inquisit"io. 
An  excursion,  made  with  the  view  of  collecting 
plants.  Such  excursions  are  directed  by  the 
Apothecaries'  Company  of  London,  for  the  use 
of  their  apprentices,  &c. 

HERBS,  FIVE  CAP'ILLARY,  Quinqne  herba 
capilla' res,  were,  anciently,  hart's  tongue ;  black, 
white,  and  golden  maiden-hair,  and  spleenwort. 

Herbs,  Five  Emol'lient,  Quinque  herba?  emol- 
lien'tes,  were,  anciently,  beet,  mallow,  marsh- 
mallow,  French  mercury,  and  violet. 

HERCULES  ALLHEAL,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

HERCULES  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HEREDITAIRE,  Hereditary. 

HEREDITARY, Haredita'rius,  Heredita'rius, 
Gent  Hit"  ius,  Stjm'phytos,  Syn' genes,  (F.)  Heredi- 
taire,  from  hceris,  h&redis,  'an  heir.'  An  epithet 
given  to  diseases,  communicated  from  progeni- 
tors. Such  diseases  may  exist  at  birth  ;  or  they 
may  supervene  at  a  more  or  less  advanced  period 
of  existence.  Hereditary  diseases,  3fnrbi  heredi- 
ta'rii,  (F.)  Jfaladies  hereditaires,  often  prevail 
amongst  several  members  of  a  family,  or  are 
family  diseases  or  complaints. 

HERxMAPHRODE' 1TY, Hermaphrod  is' ia,Her- 
maphroditis'utus,  Hermaphrodis'mus,  Fab'rica  an- 
droy"yua,  Androgyu'ia,   Gynan'dria,  Hermaph'- 


j  rod  ism,  Hermopl,'  roditism  ;  from  'E/jptjs  '  Mer- 
cury,' and  AjpoSiTT],  *  Venus.'  Appertaining  to 
j  Mercury  and  Venus.  Union  of  the  two  sexes  in 
j  the  same  individual. 

HERMAPHRODISIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same  etymon.  Her- 
maphrodi'tu&,Gy'nida,Androg"ymin,  (Sc.)  Seareht, 
(Prov.)  ScraU  One  who  possesses  the  attributes 
of  male  and  female :  who  unites  in  himself  the 
two  sexes.  A  term,  applied  to  an  animal  or  plant 
which  is,  at  the  same  time,  both  male  and  female. 
True  hermaphrodites  are  only  met  with  in  the 
lower  degrees  of  the  animal  scale,  amongst  the 
zoophytes,  mollusca,  or  gasteropoda.  The  indi- 
viduals of  the  human  species,  regarded  as  herma- 
phrodites, owe  this  appearance  to  a  vicious  con- 
formation of  the  genital  organs:  a  kind  of  mon- 
strosity, which  renders  them  unfit  for  generation, 
although  an  attentive  examination  may  exhibit 
the  true  sex.  Hermaphrodites  have,  likewise, 
been  described,  which,  instead  of  uniting  the 
attributes  of  both  sexes,  cannot  be  considered 
male  or  female.  These  have  been  called  neutral 
hermaphrodites. 

HERMAPHRODITISM!^,  Hermaphrodeity. 

HERMAPHRODITES,  Hermaphrodite. 

HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'XA,  Hermetica  ars, 
(F.)  Hermetique.  The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a 
celebrated  Egyptian  philosopher,  who  is  con- 
sidered the  father  of  alchemy.  That  part  of 
I  ebymistry,  whose  object  was  the  pretended  trans- 
mutation of  the  metals. 

HERM0DAC'TYLUS,ZMt7y?e'^s,  An'ima  ar- 
tieulo'rum,  from  'Ep/^?.  'Mercury,'  and  SciktvXos, 
'a  finger;'  or  rather  from  Hermits,  a  river  in 
Asia,  upon  whose  hanks  it  grows,  and  Suktv\os, 
'  a  date  ;'  or  from  'E.uurjs,  '  Mercury/  and  ScktvXos, 
'a  date;'  (F.)  Hermodactyle.  Hermodacte  ou  Her- 
modate.  The  root  of  the  Hermodactyl  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  cathartic.  By  some,  it  is  sup- 
posed to  be  identical  with  the  Iris  tubero'sa. 
The  best  testimony  seems  to  be  in  favour  of  its 
being  a  variety  of  the  colchicum. —  Col'chicum 
IJhjr' icrtm.  Under  the  name  Hermodactyls,  roots 
or  bulbs  of  an  unknown  plant,  growing  in  the 
countries  about  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 
Mediterranean,  are  sold  in  the  shops  of  Europe. 

HERJfODA  TE.  He.-modaetylus. 

HERMOPH'ILUS.  from  'Ep/iitf,  'Mercury,' 
and  (pi^og,  'a  lover.'  One  who  is  fond  of  mercury 
as  a  medicine. 

HER'NIA,  Ramex,  Rnpfu'ra,  R.  hemio'sa, 
Crepatu' ra,  Eetop'ia  hemio'sa.  Ccle,  Rupture, 
Burst,  (F.)  Hargne,  Desceute,  Effort.  G  re  retire, 
Rompeure.  From  £/>i/o?,  'a  shoot'  [?].  Any  tumour, 
formed  by  the  displacement  of  a  viscus  or  a  por- 
tion of  a  viscus,  which  has  escaped  from  its  na- 
tural cavity  by  some  aperture,  and  projects  exter- 
nally. Hernia?  have  been  divided  into, —  1.  Her- 
nia of  the  Brain:  Encephalocele ;  2.  Hernia  of 
the  Thorax ;  Pneumocele ;  3.  Hernia  of  the  Ab- 
domen. 

Abdom'inal  Hernia?  are  remarkable  for  their 
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending 
them.  They  are  produced  by  the  protrusion  of 
the  viscera,  contained  in  the  abdomen,  through 
the  natural  or  accidental  apertures  in  the  parietes 
of  that  cavity.  The  organs,  which  form  them 
most  frequently,  are  the  intestines  and  the  epi- 
ploon. These  hernia*  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  apertures  by  which  they  escape,  into: 

1.  In'gninal  or  Supra-Pu'bian  Hernia?.  These 
issue  by  the  inguinal  canal :  they  are  called  Bu- 
bonocele, when  small  :  and  Scrotal  Hernia  or 
Oscheocele,  in  man,  when  they  descend  into  the 
scrotum  : —  Vulvar  Hernia  or  Puden'dal  or  La' - 
bial  Hernia,  Episioce'le,  in  women,  when  they 
extend  to  the  labia  majora.  2.  Crural  or  Fem'- 
i  oral  Hernia,  Me'roce'le,  when  they  issue  by  iho 


HERNIA 


4  5  0 


HERN  IS 


crural  canal.     S.  Tufra-Pu'biein  Hernia,  (F.    //•    - 

I  //,.,./. <i- 
'>■'„;,,  foram'iuu  ova' li*,  when  the  ■ 
escape  through  the  opening,  which  g 
to  the  infra-pubian  l    u  li     I    leehiatf ie  Hernia  ; 
when    it    taki  rough    the 

notch.      .r>.   Umbil'ical  Hernia,  Exom'phalot 
pkaloee'li }  when  il   oecurs  el  the  nmbilk 
near    it.       5.     Rpigat'tric     II' ruin;  —  oceurring 
through  the  linen  i  the  umbilicus.     7. 

letric   or    fn/ra-umbil'ical   Hernia,    Gotlio- 
c  '..  //  te,  —  when  it  occurs  through 

the  Linea  alba  below  the  uthbilieus.    8.  Perines'al 
II  r'nia  perinat'it PerintBo- 

-when  it  takes  place  through 
tl  itor  ani,  and  appears  at  the  perineum.    9. 

Vag"inat    11  -eu    Elytro* 

jh  the  parieliefl  of  the  vagina.     10s,  Dia- 

•  t\'r  Hernia,  Diapkraamatoce'li  j  when  it 

■  brough  the  diaphragm. 

Hernia  are  likewise  distinguished, — according 

to  the  riseera  forming  them,  —  into  Rnteroee'li, 

\e,    Li'itstroce'le,  Ci/s 
.  Splenoce'le,  Ac. 
When   ■  hernia   can   he   restored  to  its   natural 
cavity,  by  the  aid  of  pressure,  4c,  properly  ap- 
plied, it  is  said  to  be  reducible.    It  is,  on  the  con- 
trary, irreducible,  when  adhesion,  hulk,  Ac  op- 
-   return.      When   the  aperture,  which  has 
given    passage  to   the   hernia,   occasions   more  or 
i  strictiou  on  the   protruded   portion,  the 
hernia  is  said  t"  tie  incarcerated  or  ttran'gulated  ; 
and.  if  the  constriction  he  not  removed,  ronsti- 

.  hieeough,  vomiting,  and  all  the  buj 
violent  inflammation,  followed  by  gangrene,  su-  I 
pervene,    with   alteration    of   the    features,   small 
cold  extremities,  and  death. 
The   therapeutical  indications  arc,  —  \.  As  re-  i 
garde  reducible  hernia:  —  to  replace  the  viscera 
in  the  abdomen  by  the  taxis ;  and  to  retain  them 
there  by  the  use  of  a  truee,   which,   if   properly 
adapted,  may  effect  a  radical  cure.     2.  A* 
irreducible  hernia:  —  to  support  the  tumour  by 
an  appropriate   suspensory  bandage.     3.  As  re-  J 
garde  etrangulated  hernia  : — to  have  recourse  to 
the  taxis;    blood-letting;   warm    hath:    tobacco 
glysters;  ice  to  the  tumour;  and,  if  these   should 
not  succeed,  to  perform  an  operation,  which  con-  I 
lists  in  dividing  the  severing  of  the   hernia,  and 
cutting   the   aponeurotic  ring,   which    causes  the 
strangulation:  —  reducing  the  displaced  viscera, 
their  diseased    condition   should  require 
them  to  lie  retained  without :  —  dressing  tin-  wound 
appropriately: — restoring  the  eowseofthe  faeces 
by  means  of  gentle  glysters — preventing  or  com- 
_-  inflammation  of  the  abdominal  viscera  :  — 
conducting  the  wound  to  cicatrization,  by  appro- 
means  :  and  afterwards  supporting  the  ci- 
catrix by  a  bandage. 

The  word  hi  ruia  was  also   used,  of  old.  for  the 

scrotum,  and.  not  unfrequently,  for  the  testicle. 

Bbrkia,   Aredrismal,  Cirsomphahu — h.  Ar- 

■irism — h.  of  the  Bladder.  Cys- 

-h.  Bronchialis,  Bronchocele — h.  Carnosa, 

ele — h.  of  til.-   Cerebellum,   Parencephalo- 

phalocele. 

HBROTA,    <\,\.,i:\'|  i   \|..    II.  ruin    >;,,!</<  „'  it'i .    ||    a 

protrusion  of  some  of  the  contents  of  the  abdomen 
into  the  Tunica  vaginali*  i-*ti*.  owing  to  a  want 
of  adhesion  between  its  sides,  after  the 
of  the  testiele. 

Hbbjtm  CoRNBJt,  Ceratocele  — h.  Crural,  Me- 

h.    Pemoral, 

iraminis    Oralis,  see   Bernia  — 

b.    Qutturis,    B  -  :..  II  |  ttioa,    Hepa- 

l  \  Rdmor  \'i  ;-.  Empn  t'ma  OrehPi 
dymi'tie,  Oreki'tie,  Orekidi'tie,  Tnjlamma'l 

Injlamma'tion  nf  the  Testicle,  Swelled  Tee- 


tii  '< .  Hernia    I  •     •       .    Orcki     •"  .    Orckidoce'lf, 
Orckidon'cne,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  tentici 
•  hit. .   Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  testiele  is 
a  common  sympton  of  gonorrhoea,  i  F.  )Cken 
tombSe  dan*  lee  Bonreee  •  bul   it  may  arise  from 
external    injuries,  or  from    other  Causes.      It    is   a 

which  cannot  he  mistaken,  and  the  treat- 
ment must  obviously  he  strongly  antiphlogistic, 
supporting  the  testicle  during  the  treatment,  and 
for  Mime  time  afterwards :  methodical  compres- 
sion has  also  been  found  useful.  Tin-  disi 
not  generally  of  a  serious  character,  going  oil"  as 

suddenly  as  it  comes  on.  As  it  affects  the  epidi- 
dymis more  especially,  when  supervening  on  go- 
norrhosa  or  blennorrhea,  it  is  sometimes  termed 
lit  Horrkag"ie  epididymi'tie. 

Hernia  Ik  ircerata.  Entero-peristole  —  b. 
Inguinal  is,  Bubonocele — h.  Intestinal':.- .  Entero- 
eele — h.  [ntestinalis  omentalts,  Entero-epiplocele 

—  h.  Iridia,  Ptosis  [ridis  —  h.  Ischiatica,  Ischio- 
cele — h.  Licnali-.  Bplenbcele. 

Her'NIA  Litt'RIOA,  /.'.  •  /'■'■  lic'ulo  Inteeti'ni, 
Hernia  first  described  by  Littre,  in  which  the  in- 
testinal canal  proper  is  not  included  in  the  hernial 
sac,  the  protruded  portion  of  intestine  consisting 
of  a  digital  prolongation  of  the  ileum,  which  Littre 
concluded  was  formed  by  the  gradual  extension 
of  a  knuckle  of  the  bowel,  that  hail  been  engaged 
in  the  inguinal  canal. 

Hernia  of  the  Lives,  Hepatocele — h.  of  the 
Long,  Pneumocele. 

Hbrnia,  Mbsocol'ic,  Her'nia  Meeoeo'lica. 
Hernia,  caused  by  the  bowels  gliding  between 
the  layers  of  the  mesocolon. — Sir  A.  Cooper. 

Hernia, Omental,  Epiploeele-»-h.  Parorchido- 
enterica,  Parorchido-enterocele — h.  Perinasi,  see 
Hernia — h.  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele — h.  Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic  hernia  —  h.  Pinguedinosa  Scroti, 
Liparocele  —  h.  of  the  Pleura,  Ph  urocele  —  h. 
Pleurica  et  pulmonalis,  Pleurocele — b.  Pudendal, 
Pudendal  hernia  —  h.  Sacci  lacrymalis,  Lachry- 
mal hernia.  Mucocele — h.  Scrotalis,  Scrotocele — 
h.  Seminalis  scroti,  Spermatocele — h.  of  the  Sto- 
maoh,  Qastrocele  —  h.  Suprapubian,  H.  inguinal 
— h.  of  the  Tongue,  Gllossocele  —  h.  Umbilicalix, 
Epiploraphalon,  Exomphalos — h.  Umbilici  Aquo- 
Ba,  Hydrompholum — b.  Urachi,  Uromphalus — h. 
1'teri,  Hysterocele  —  h.  Varicose,  Cirsoeele  —  h. 
Varicosa,  Varicocele  —  h.  Venarum,  Varix  —  h. 
Veneris,  Hernia  humoralis— h.  Ventosa.  PhyBO- 
cele — h.  Ventral,  see  Ventral — h.  Ventriculi,  <Jas- 
trocele — h.  Vesica;  Urinaria),  Cystoeele — h.  Zir- 
halis.  Bpiploeele. 

HERNIAIRE,  Hernial,  Herniaria  glabra. 

HER'NIAL,  Hernia'riue,  (F. >  Hemiaire.  Be- 
longing to,  or  Concerning  hernia: — as  Hernial 
Bandage,  I!>  rnia 

The  (F.)  Herat**, is  applied  to  a  part  em 
iti  a  hernial  Bao.      i  .    BTeraieiix,  Cele'ta,  Celo'tee, 
Rup'tured,  Buret,   Bureten,  means    one    affected 
with  hernia:  and  Ckirurgien  hemiaire,  one  who 
devotes  himself  to  the  treatment  of  hernia. 

HERNIA'RIA    GLABRA,    //.    vulga' 
kireu'ta  sen  alp* e'trit  sen  an'nua  sen  eine'rea  sea 
frutico'ea,    Milligra'na,     Em'petrum,      Rupture- 
wort,   from    hernia,    'rupture.'     ( F.)    Herniaire, 
Turquette,  Herniole,  II<  rl„    Turqne.     Ord.  Paro- 

nyehieSB.     This  plant,  which  as  it-  name  imports, 

was  formerly  considi  red  efficacious  in  the  cure 

Of  hernia.   .-e<  in-    destitute  of   all   \  11  ' 
HERN!  IRIUS,   Hernial. 

HERN1E  CHARNUE,  Saroooele  h.deV Epi- 
ploon, Epiplocele  —  h.  de  VEetomac,  Gastrocelc — 
/,.  du  /'•  r'e,  Hepatocele — h.  Inguinale,  Bubonocele 

—  //.  du  Nombril,  Exomphalos  —  /».  Omhilicalet 
Exomphalos — h,  </«  Poumon,  Pneumocele — A.  de 
la  Vi  le. 

HERJflE,  Hernial. 


HERNIEMPHRAGMUS 


HETEB 0 P B D SOPUS 


3,       HtntiempkrMX***, 

from  hernia,  and  .'The 

•i  a  hernial  canu. 
..e  hernia. 
HE  iaL 

r.  A".  Herniaria  glabra, 
jmia. 

Hero'na,  from 
'f^wf.  '  a  hero.'     An  epithet  applied  to  i 
-  ■   .        ■ 

:PEDON,  B 
HL 

.  Herpenj  Serpent, 
fr -m    'tpzui,   'I    creep:'     because    it    eref 
spreads  about  thr 

pllnctide.  ich,  in    most 

.  ..or  course  of 
increase,  tnaturat:  :nd  terrmir.  . 

from  10  to  14  days.     The  v- -  in  dis- 

tinct, but  irregular  clusters,  which  commonly  ap- 

quiek   success  .n.  and  ner.r 
an  inflamed 

pain,    and    considerable    constitutional    disorder. 
The  ten  -  to  cutaneous 

•een  accurately  defin- 
ancients    hr.  I  ,-v,  KVy. 

Xouuo; :  .     ^Xvrraiwcrji.    and     an/ding, 

-      pieties: 
i     - 
phi y' tig    Herpet    JfUt'a' 

.   in   which    the  v  millet- 

pellucid  :  clusters  commencing  on  an  un- 
.  and  being 

.eeeded 
•  ■      - 

- 

Uerpet  yxriVVf/i"*,  .  :7ycf<E- 

■ 

x  els,   in 

sides   are   pearl-sized  :  the  clusters 
ing  round  the  bo  . 
confluent,  and  occasionally  preceded  by  constitu- 
tional irritation.   3.  Hsbj 
crt  ambuiato'ria.  Au'hhIhs  re'peht.  Htrpe-   .- 

■  ' 

warm,   Ve*ic'ul«r  Ringworm, 

..  uniting  in  tragi 
gs    slight! j 
followed  by  fresh  or   ;  «.     4.  fl  :  ia'lis. 

and  5.  fl 
L'icns'c 
the  lips 

■t,   occurring  in    small   circular  patches, 
each  of  which  is  composed  of  concentric  r     _ 
different  colours.     To  these  may  be  added.  Her- 

. 

ex'edens, 

n»n  exedens.  Form  i' en  ear  Pnp'nla 

D'trtr* 

loiigeaitte.  in  which  the  vesicles  are  ba 
thronged:    fi  8h,   hot, 

rroding  the  spread-  i 

.    _ 

the  varieties  demand  simply  an  antiphlo- 
-  (tended  with  febrile  irri- 

cinatns,  alone,  requires 
the  use  of  astr     _  .ve  the 

eruption. 
Hef.;     -  — 

menus.  H.  exedens  —  h.  Est:   inenus.  H.  exedens 
— v    E  .        -  H.  exedens 

—  b    I 

Ml-  I"".-'" 

--'—'■  loidea  —  h.  Peris- 


us  — h. 

_ 

(F.)     Herpetique, 
wiug  I  tore  of  1 

•ph'ia,  from 
• 
senption  of  the  ui: 

peiol'ogy,Herpet-  same, 

and  a-  I™,  •  a  reptile/ 

reon,    frou. 
A  creeping  eruption  or  ulcer.  —  Hippo- 

HERPYLOS,  Thymoa  serrvllura. 
EER1 

cific  of  HerrenscL- 
HE1  ine. 

HEK.-KET.  Ardor  ventriculi.    • 
HESPERI8  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria. 

-  ERADELPH'IA,  Beten  didym'ia,  Ihttro- 

.    fr-.-m    •£-.. 

brother.'     A  double  n:  -    which   the 

j  components  of  the  double  bod  :iequal, 

i!  and  of  which  one  portion  may  be  regarded  as  the 

stem  or  trunk,  to  which  another  organi: 

\  eloped  than  itscif, 

HETERAJ  eraden'icu*.     F. 

rodent  -  ther.* and  aenr.  'a  gland.' 

An  accident..  -tned.  which 

glandular  structure,  but  occurs  in  parte 
glan  la. 

~  HETERC  I'rwtw,  from 

ind  Xfiorot,  '  time."     Relating  to  difference 
of  time. 

Puhus  heteroekron'icus.     A  pulse    of   varying 
rhythm.     An  irregular  or  intermittent  i 

HETEROCHYME      318, 
grjuvn;,    'mixture.'     A    state   of  the    bl 
which  it  contains  other  matters  than  in  health, 
as  area,  bile, 

HETEPiOCLITF.    -      H        logy,  and 

HETEROCRANIA,  Hei^i  i 

HETJ  r;d  tntm.,'1 

n  the  situation 
raL 

HETERODIDYMIA,  Heteradelphia. 

HETERODYMIA,  Heteradelphia. 

HETEROGENESIS,    •  ...  .  : 

anv  an"'U:alv  in  organic  formation. 

heterolalia 

he:  3  tiss 

HETE  orjAis'mut, 

from    'crc  os.  and    nopcr.  .  viation 

from  the  natural  -  ,-.rts. 

HE1  3,  see 

HETEROPA'GIA  -  ud*ray«, 'I 

r-'    A  double  i        - 
the  ae  small  and 

imperfect,  I  with  a  distinct  head,  and 

planted  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the 
• 
HETEROPATHIC,  Allopathic. 
HETE1  -      ;.   and   $*„,, 

.or  broker.  .A  change 

of  the  voi  —  J      eroia'Ua. 

HETEROPHTHAL'MIA,    from       - 
oQ^aXft:;  .  difference  in  tb-r  I  — 

-  of  a  different  colour. 
HETE  -       ..andrAacpa, 

'  formation.'     A  morbid  formation  ! 
economy,  and  which  is    composed    of  elements 
different  from  those  that  are  found  in  it  in  the 
normal  condition. 

HETEROPLASTY,    B 

.;.  and  -Xacom,  'I  form.'     Irre- 
gular plastic     i 

that  do  not  admit  :ion. 

HETEROPROSO'PUS,  fi    m     -  .  j,  and   tp*- 


nETEROPUS 


Mil  I  DOS 


A    monster    bavir.  : 


•.tenance. 
:  I :  >irlt. 

BKT'J  -  " 

One  wl  Serent  from  the  other. 

HETEROREX1 

HETERORRHYTH'MU8.    from    'm^   and 
Q       •  _-  -her  rhythm.     An 

- 
HE!  -  ?     5,  from   'crtpos,   end   ro*{, 

•  in  the 
?.— Gcndrin. 
BETEROTAX  I  A.    F.    U 
- 

•  era!  transposition  of 
■ 
HETEROTOPIA,    F 
poi,  udi  m   tbe 

natural 
HKTilK. 
HEUCBERA,  ;ee  H.  cortusa  — h.  Aoerifolia, 

Heicuk'i:  i  -  u  Aee- 

'•  Almm 
•oHitd-maple,    Cliff- 

- 

werful  astringent, 

•    The  Ameri- 
can In  -  l  l"  wound*. 
t  is  said  to  have  been  sold 

Mil. 

Hecchera  Richardso'nii.  which  abounds  on 
the  rocks  of  Churchill  River,  is  aeed  medicinally 

bv  the    Cree    Indians,  who    chew  its   astringent 

vulnerary  tu  wounds  and 

• 
HaucasftA  YiscinA.  H.  cortusa. 
HEUCK-BANE,  Iseb 

BEUDELOTIA  AFRICAXA,  see  Bdellium. 
II F 

HEYEA   QUIANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 
HBXAGIUM,  Sextnla. 
HEXAGONS  AllTERIELLE.  see   Circulus 

WiD 

HiXATHYRIDIUMVENARUM,  see  Worms. 

HEXI-.  -k'o-.  Habit,  habit  of  body,  constitu- 
tion.    Henee,  hectic,  cachectic,  Ac. 

BEYLE.  Sanitas. 

HIA  TSAO  TONG  TCHONG,  Bphmria 
Sin- 

HIATUS,  froa  Itare,  at'atmn,  'to  gape,'  '  to 
open.'  A  f.-ramen  or  aperture.  Mouth.  The 
vulva,  nine:. 

Hiatus    Casalu    Falloph,  see   Aquoeductus 

I'ii-  .  . 

BlATl "5    DrAPHRAG'MATTS    A  I     >ncir'- 

cvhit  exsea/p'faa.     Tbe  opening  in  the  diaphragm 
for  t  .  iaal  aorta. 

rios  foramen 
-ius  foramen. 
II  i  at  is    or   Waau)w,    i 

An    op. 
behind  the  lesser  omentum,  and  behind  the  ves- 
sels and  nerves  of  the  liver— which  forma 
munication    between    the   peritoneal  cavity  and 
that  of  the  om 

HIBER'NICUS  LAPIS,  7 

and   <.f 
elate  .  found  in  different  parrs 

'.and,  in  n. 
which    stains    the    ha:  taken, 

in    spruce-  M    inward   eon- 

tu- 

HIB1  Lhasa. 

*    mn*~ 
The    nam 
plant,  whose  seeds  ar^  Ifeeent  or 


'.     It  is  ti 

( in i  n  u  in     }['.*••],>,    A 

.   . .'  ka'tn, 

tit  rac  'i    la  j 

It    is    inJ  . 
and   the    fad  e*.      I 
perfami  -  J   in   the  t 

Cifprx  ■ 

II ibi -      -  k   Okra,   0 

A  plant,  tl  ■  hich  aboaad 

.  and  are  much  used  in 
• 

II  in  i  ~       t  small 

Molucca  tree.     The  fruit  is  full  of  a  juice  similar 
is  emetic.     It  is  used  iu 
chronic  diarrhoea,  colic,  .  Ac. 

HIBRIDA,  Bybrid. 
BIC<  OUGB,  Singultus. 
BICCUP,  Singultus. 

BICK'ORY.     The  name  of  several  American 
:<  t'uri/.i  .-    Order,  Juglanda. 
The  leaves  are  usually  aromatic;  and  are  repnl 

• 
that  have  bitter  nuts.  \    <'. 

em 
bear  fruit  that  is  much 

/■'.,/-;*.  '..  .  tnlcn't", 

Skettbark. 

BIDDEN  SEIZURES.  An  expression  em- 
ployed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  obacare  ence- 
phalic and  spinal  attacks,  of  ar.  ba- 
racter  for  example,  which  may  be  immediately 
owincr  to  trichelismus. 

HIDEBOUND,    Induration    of    the    cellular 
tissue. 
HIDRD3CBBSIS,  Bidroschesis, 
IIII'ROA,  Desadatio,  Echamhomlmrtt,  Hydroa, 
Sudamina. 

HIDRON'OSUS,    ffidromu'im,  from 

it.'  and  voffo;.  *a  disease.'     A  disease  accom- 
panied by  violent  sweats.     Sudor  Angliena. 
HIDRONUSUS,  Bidronosas. 
BIDROPEDESIS,  Ephidi  -  -. 
HIDROPHOROS    -  ma, 

BIDROPOETH  -       rifle. 

HIDROPYRA,  -  us. 

BIDROPYRE1     3.8  - 

HIDRORRH02A,  Bphidr* 

HID :  ^at."  Hence 

—  Bidropyra,  Hidromi,  Ac. 

HIDROS     HESIS,  j  ■>'<>  iii- 

ad  wjftmtSf  *  retention.'     Sup- 
of  perspiration. 
II! 

HIDROTERION,  Aehieolam. 
BIDROTERIUM,  Sudorific 
HIDROTIj 

HIDRCTIUM,     Diminutive     of    hidrot.      A 
gentle  -  -i  iration. 

BIDROTOPCEUM,  Sudorific. 
HIEBLB,  Bambnens  ebnlns. 
HI'ERA  1  :  .  NTH£D08,fr  :n  'upoS, 

'holy.'     // •  •■/  of  ''■■/<>ri/iith.     An  electuary, 

•"   in   part?  much   atj'irir, 

ijermn, 

of  opoj  .  round 

birtkwori  root,  and   \cL 

tpfkenard,  ctaaamon,  wtyrrh,  and  mfnm  :  and  3 
•d  5  draeha  - 
HiSBA  op  Colocynth,  II.  Diacolocynti 
I  .  I.  _-  .  I  ;.  II  ■  ra  • 

ha.  from   'icpog.  'holy,'  and   *iKpot, 

'bitter.'     Holjf  bittrr,  Puhig  aloSt'icm»,  formerly 

called  Hiera  toga'dii  when  made  into  an 

ary  with  honey.     It  is  now  kept  in  the  form  i  f 

ierj — prepared  by  mixing  aseatrtM  aloe; 


HIERACITES 


462 


HIPPURIS  VULGARIS 


See 


one  pound,  with  3  ounces  of  canella  alba 
Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella. 

Hiera  Syrinx,  Vertebral  column,  Epilepsy. 

HIERACI'TES,  'icpoittnjj,  from  'upa^,  'lepaicos, 
'a  hawk,'  Lapis  Aeeip'tirum.  The  ancient  name 
of  a  precious  stone,  believed  to  be  capable  of  ar- 
resting the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  —  Pliny,  Galen, 
Paulus. 

HIERACIUM  LACHEXALII,  H.  murorum. 

HlERA'ciPM  Muro'bum,  H.  Lachena'lii,  Pul- 
mo>ta'ria  Gall'ica,  Auric'ula  mu'ris  major,  (F.) 
Eperviere  des  muraillcs,  Ptdmonaire  des  Francais. 
Ord.  Compositae.  A  European  plant,  which  is  a 
slight  tonic. 

Hieracium  Oleraceuji,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

Hieracium  Pilosel'la.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Auric'ula  Muris,  Pilosel'la,  P.  Alpi'na, 
Myoso'tis,  Mouse-ear,  (F.)  Piloselle,  Oreille  de 
Souris.  This  plant  contains  a  bitter,  lactescent 
juice,  which  has  a  slight  degree  of  astringency. 
The  roots  are  more  powerful  than  the  leaves. 

Hiera'cium  Veno'sum,  Rattlcsnakeweed,  Veiny 
Hatch-weed,  Bloodwort,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

HIERAXOSUS,  Chorea,  Convulsion,  Epilepsy. 

HIERAX,  Accipiter. 

HIEROBOTAXE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

HIEROGLYPH'ICA,  from  'up©5,  'holy,'  and 
yAu</>w,  '  I  carve.'  A  name  given  to  the  signs 
employed  in  medicine;  and,  also,  to  the  folds  in 
the  hands,  feet,  and  forehead,  which  afford  chi- 
romancy its  pretended  oracles. 

HIEROPYR,  Erysipelas. 

HIKRY  PIKRY,  Pulvis  aloes  et  Canellse. 

HILL'S  BALSAM  OF  HOXEY,  see  Balsam 
of  Honey,  Hill's — h.  Essence  of  Bardana,  Tinctura 
guaiaca?. 

HILLBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

HILL  FEVER,  see  Fever,  hill. 

HILON  (F.),  Hilum,  improperly  Hilus,  'the 
black  spot  on  the  top  of  a  bean.'  A  name  given 
by  some  writers  to  a  small  blackish  tumour, 
formed  by  the  protrusion  of  the  iris  through  an 
opening  in  the  transparent  cornea,  so  called  from 
its  comparison  with  the  hile  or  black  mark  pre- 
sented by  the  vicia  faba  at  one  of  its  extremities. 
In  Botany,  the  Hile  or  Hilum  is  the  cicatricula 
of  a  seed,  which  indicates  the  place  by  which  it 
was  attached  in  the  cavity  of  the  pericarp.  It 
is  the  umbilicus  of  the  seed.  The  fissure  of  the 
spleen,  kidney,  lung,  ovary,  &c,  is,  also,  called 
Hilus.     See  Porta. 

HILUS,  Hilon. 

Hilus  Liena'lis,  Incisu'ra  liena'lis.  The  con- 
cave part  of  the  spleen. 

Hilus  Rexa'lis,  Incisu'ra  rena'lis,  Hilus  of 
the  kidney.     The  concave  part  of  the  kidney. 

HILWORT,  Mentha  pule^ium. 

HIMAXTOMA,  see  Himas. 

HIMAXTOSIS,  Himas. 

HIMAS,  'ijtai,  'i/iavTog,  'a  thong  of  leather.' 
The  uvula;  likewise,  elongation,  and  extenuation 
of  the  uvula.  It  is  also  called  Himanto'sis,  Hi- 
manto'ma.     See  Staphylcedema. 

HIMEROS,  Libido. 

HIXDBERRIES,  see  Rubus  idaBus. 

HIXDHEEL,  Tanacetum. 

HIP,  Haunch,  Hypochondriasis  —  h. 
Ischium — h.  Disease,  Coxarum  morbus — h 
Coxofemoral  articulation — h.  Tree,  Rosa  canina. 

HIP'PACE.  'imaicr},  from  'nnros,  'a  horse.' 
Ca'seus  Equi'nus.  A  cheese  prepared  from  mare's 
milk. 

HIPPAXTHRO'PIA,  from  Wo?,  'a  horse,' 
and  avSpunos,  '  a  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholy, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  to 
a  horse.  The  Greek  word  WavSpwrro?,  means 
the  fabulous  Centaur. 


Bone, 
Joint, 


IIIPPASIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPED,  Hypochondriac. 

HIPPEIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPEUSLS.  Equitation. 

HIPPIA'TER,  Hippi'dtros,  Med'icun  equa'rius, 
from  '{7T7:o?,  '  a  horse,'  and  Uarpos,  'a  physician.' 
A  farrier.  A  horse  doctor.  Used  also  for  one 
who  treats  the  diseases  of  other  domestic  animals ; 
Veterina' rius,  M ulomed' icus,  Med'icus  Veteriua'- 
riii8,  Zoid'trus. 

HIPPIATRI'A,  Hippiut'rica,  Ht'ppiat'rici, 
Medici' na  equa'ria,  (F.)  Hippiat)  ique.  A  science, 
whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.  It  is  sometimes  uiade  to  include  other 
domestic  animals.     See  Veterinary  art. 

HIP  PI  A  TRIQUE,  Hippiatria. 

HIPPIATRUS,  Hippiater. 

HIPPO,  Ipecacuanha.  A  corruption,  in  Ire- 
land, of  Ipecacuanha;  and  hence  applied,  at 
times,  in  the  United  States,  to  the  American 
plant,  Euphorbia  Corollata,  which  is,  also,  called 
Ipecacuanha. 

Hippo,  Indian,  Gillenia  trifoliata, 

HIPPOCAMPE  Git  A  SUE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu  ammonis. 

Hippocam'pi  s  Minor,  Pes  hippocam'pi  minor, 
('i~iroKafji-oi,  'the  sea  horse.')  Unguis.  C  Avis 
seu  Halleri,  O'crea,  Collie' ulus  ca'vece  poster io'rh 
vent riculo' rum  latera'lium,  Ca/car  a' vis,  Vn'efform 
Em'inence,  (F.)  Ergot,  Eperon.  A  medullary  tu- 
bercle or  projection,  observed  in  the  posterior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

HIPPOCEXTAUREA  CEXTAURIUM,  Chi- 
ron ia  centaurium. 

HIPPOCRAS,  Claret, 

HIPPOCRATES.  CAP  OF,  Bonnet  d'Hippo- 
crate — h.  Sleeve,  Chausse. 

HIPPOCRAT'IC,  Hipjiocwt'icus.  Relating  to 
Hippocrates,  or  concerning  his  doctrine, — as  Hip- 
pocratic  doctrine,  Hippocratic  face,  &c. 

HIPPOC'RATISM.  Hippocratism'us.  The  doc- 
trine of  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in  observing 
and  following  nature,  as  indicated  by  her  pre- 
sumed efforts,  and  the  crises  set  up  bv  her. 

HIPPOC'RATIST.  A  partisan  of  the  Hippo- 
cratic doctrine. 

HIPPOGOXYOLEPUS,  Crusta  genu  equina?. 

HIPP0LAPATI1UM,  Rumex  patienta. 

HIPPOLITHUS,  Bezoard  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOM'AXE  MAXCIXEL'LA,  ('.ttto?,  'a 
horse,'  and  pavia,  'madness,'  'horse,  or  violent 
madness, ')'iManchineel,  (F.)  Mancenillier.  Family, 
Euphorbiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia. 
A  poisonous  tree  of  South  America,  with  the 
milky  juice  of  which  the  Indians  poison  their 
arrows.     The  fruit,  also,  is  highly  poisonous. 

HIPPOMARATHRUM.  Peucedanum  silaus. 

H  I P  P  0  P  A  T  H  0  L  '  0  G  Y,  Hippopathob,,," ia, 
from  't7T7ro?,  '  a  horse,'  xaSos,  '  a  disease,'  and  \oyo$, 
'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.     Pathology  of  the  horse. 

IIIPPOPHAGOUS.  Equivorous. 

HIPPOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

HIPPOS.  Equus. 

HIPPOSELIXUM.  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  Hipposteolo(j"ia,  from 
'miros,  'a  horse,'  oarzov,  'a  bone,'  and  Xoyog,  'a. 
discourse.'     Osteology  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOT'OMY,  Hippotom'ia.  from  'jtto?.  'a 
horse,'  and  rtuvuv,  'to  cut,'  Anatomy  of  the 
horse. 

HIPPU'RIA,  from  Wo?,  'a  horse,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine,'  because  the  urine  contains  hippuric  acid, 
which  is  found  in  the  urine  of  the  horse.  A  pa- 
thological condition,  in  which  there  is  an  excess 
of  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine. 

HIPPURIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hippuric. 

HIPPURIS    VULGA'RIS,    from     Wo?,    'a 


II I  P  P  u  s 


I  fl  I 


HOLLY 


horse,'  and  ov^a,  *  a  tail.'  The  systematic  name 
of  the  ffoiWa  Tail,  Mar*'*  Tail,  Equimt'tum  mi- 
nut,  Equim  'turn,  |  P.  |  PriU  .  /'■  ,  '."<■  •»« 
</<•  «//.(.//.  It  i>  ;ui  astringent,  sad  frequently 
aged,  ;i>  tea,  by  the  vulgar,  ho  diarrhoea  and  he- 
morrhage.    The  same  virtues  are  attribute  1   to 

the   K'/nix-  'turn    urn  n'*i .  i',Hiiiit'  Hi  ,   Hiik/khui.   A.c. 

1111' ITS.  Eqmtu,  Nicta'tio,  from  'tvav;,  'a 
hone.'  A  diaeaae  of  the  eyes,  to  which,  from 
birth,  they  perpetually  twinkle,  like  those  of  a 
man  on  horseback.  [?]  Also,  a  tremulous  condition 
«>t'  the  iris,  which  occasions  repeated  alternations 
of  contraction  and  dilatation  of  the  pupil;  Jri- 
dot'romu*,  Iridodoue'tit,  [ridopta'nia,  Tremor 
Pridie. 

HIPS,  Sax.  heopa.     The  fruit  of  the  dog-rose, 
ani'ua:  chiefly  uted  as  a  confection.     See 
Confectio  Elosaa  I  'anins. 

HIRCIS'MUS,   Hircut,   Birqtnu,  from  hircus, 
'a  goat.1     Stinking  like  a  goat:  —  applied  e&pe- 
eiaily  to  the  odour  of  the  secretions  of  the  axilla. 
HIRCUS,  Canthua  (greater),  Hircismus,  Ira- 
gus — h.  Alarum,  Cinabra. 
HIRPLING,  Claudication. 
HIRQUITAL'ITAS,  from  kireut,  'a  goat,' Pa. 
rapho'nia  pu'berum.  Croat's  voice.  See  Egopbony. 
QIRQUUS,  Hircus,  Canthus  (greater;,  llireis- 
mns.  Tragus. 

HI  I!  SI  "TIES,  Das' y ma,  Das'ytcs,    Tricho'sis, 
Hiriu'tiet,  Hair'inem.    Growth  of  hairs,  on  extra- 
neous parts,  or,  superfluous  growth  on  parts;   as 
in  cases  of  bearded  women.  —  Good.      When  con-  I 
genital,  it  is  termed  Hirtv'tiet  adaa'ta, 

HIRU'DO,  The  Leech,  Sanguiau'ta,  Bdella  :  \ 
from  kaurio,  '  I  draw  out,'  or  from  hareo,  'I  Btick.' 
[?]  In  medicine,  Hiru' do  Medieina'lit,  Bdella 
Medieina'lit  or  Medic" inal  Leech.  (Y.)  Sangtue, 
is  employed.  In  the  United  States,  //.  dee'ora 
is  need.  The  leech"  lives  in  fresh  water,  and 
feeds  on  the  blood  of  animals,  which  it  sucks, 
after  having  pierced  the  skin  with  its  three  sharp 
teeth.  This  habit  has  been  taken  advantage  of, 
to  produce  local  blood-letting.  In  applying  the 
leech,  the  part  must  be  wiped  dry;  and  if  there 
be  difficulty  in  making  it  suck,  a  little  milk  or 
cream  may  be  applied.  When  satiated,  it  will 
drop  off,  and  by  applying  a  little  salt  or  vinegar 
to  its  head  it  will  disgorge  the  blood.  A  good 
English  leech  will  take  about  half  an  ounce  of 
blood,  including  that  which  flows  by  fomenting 
the  part  subsequently.  The  American  takes  less. 
HiRUDO  AiniKiciAi.is.  Antlia  sanguisuga —  h. 
Decora,  see  Hirudo — h.  Medicinalis,  Hirudo, 

BIRUNDINARIA,  Asolepiaa  vinoefcoxicum, 
Lysimachia  numinularia. 

HIRUN'DO,  Chel'idon,  from  harendo,  '  stick- 
ing;'    because    it    sticks     its     nests    against     the 
-    [?].      The    Swallow.      The   nests   of  the 
swallow    were    once    employed    as    rubefacients, 
boiled  in  vinegar. 

BISPANICUM  VIRIDE,  Onpri  subsoetaa. 
BISP1  DITAS,  Dystoeohiasis,  Pbalangosis, 
BISPIDUL  \.  Antennaria  dioicum. 
HISSING   RESPIRATION,  sec  Udh  sibilant. 
HISTOLOGICAL,  Histological. 
BISTIOLOGY,  Histology. 
HISTOCHEMIA,  see  Chymistry. 
HISTOCHYMY,  Bee  Chymistry. 
HISTOCHEMISTRY,  Bee  Chymistry. 
BISTODL&I/YSIS,  from  'ioto(, 'organic  tex- 
and  htmkvns,  'dissolution.'     A   morbid   dis- 
u  of  the  bias 
UISTOGENET'IC,     ffietogenePietm,     '  Tissue 
making.'  Same  etymon  as  the  next    Relating,  or 
appertaining  to  kittogeny  or  the  formation  and 
Lopment  of  the  organic  textures. 

llisidCKNKric     Ki.i.mi.ms    Of    NuTBITlOV,    s.ee 

Element 
JIISTOG"KNY,      Hiitogen'ia,      IUvtmjcn'csis, 


formation,  from  'ioro<;,  'the  organic  tex- 
ture.' and  ytvtais,  'generation.'  The  formation 
and  development  of  the  organic  texture.-. 

HISTOLOGIC,  Histology. 

BISTOLOG  II  \  i..  //  yg"ieu9,  Birtiolog"- 
ieal,  HiUioiog"icu*.  Same  etymon  a-  the  next. 
Relating  to  histology.  Applied,  also,  at  times, 
to  the  natural  transformations  that  occur  in  the 
•  in  the  embryo,  in  contradistinction  to 
morphological,  which  applies  to  the  alterations  in 
the  form  uf  the  several  parts  of  the  embryo. 

HISTOL'OGY,  Uitiol ■../■'''".  Hittioi'ogg,  Hit- 
tiolog"\«,  from  'icrog,  ■  the  organic  texture,'  an  1 
||  >oyoj,  *  a  description.  Anatomy  (general).  Tlio 
term  is,  also,  more  particularly  appropriated  to 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  tissues.  See  Ana- 
tomy. 

Patholog"ieal  Hittol'ogy,  Mieroecop'ie  paiho*- 
logf'ieal  Anat'omy,  is  the  morbid  anatomy  of  the 
tissues. 

11  ISTOL'YSIS,  from  'iotos,  'the  organic  tex- 
ture,' and  XwotSt  'solution.'  The  decay  and  dis- 
solution of  the  organic  tissues,  and  of  the  bloodL 
It  includes  the  various  forms  of  retrograde  meta- 
morphosis  and  degeneration. 

BISTON'OMY,  Hintonom'ia*  from  'iotos,  'the 
organic  texture/ and  vo^os.  'law.'    The  agg 
of  laws,    which    preside   over   the    formation    and 
arrangement  of  the  organic  tissues. 

BIS'TORY,  MED'ICAL,  Histo'ria  Mediei'nm. 
A  narration   of  the  chief  circumstances,  and  the 
persons  connected  with  them,  in  the  progl 
medicine. 

BIST'OS,  'taros,  'a  web  or  tissue,'  'the  organic 
texture:'    Textu'ra  sen  Tela  organ' ica. 

HISTOT'OMY,  Hietotom'ia,  from  Wo?,  'or- 
ganic texture,'  and  rofirj,  'incision.'  Dissection 
of  the  tissues. 

HIVE,  Hives. 

Hive  Sybup,  Svrupus  scillae  compositus. 

HIVES,  Cynanohe  traehealis,  Urticaria,  Vari- 
cella. In  Scotland,  according  to  JDr.  Jameson, 
flirts  or  Ifyves  means  any  eruption  of  the  skin, 
proceeding  from  an  internal  cause;  and,  in  Lo- 
thian, it  is  used  to  denote  both  the  red  and  the 
yellow  gum.  In  the  United  States,  it  is  vaguely 
employed:  most  frequently,  perhaps,  for  Urti- 
caria. 

Hivks.  Bold,  Cynanche  traehealis,  Urticaria 
— h.  Eating,  Rupia  escbarotioa. 

HOARSENESS,  Raucedo. 

IIOAST.  Tussis. 

BOBBIL,  Mint. 

BOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

BOC,  Alces  rosea. 

BOCK,  Poples. 

B0<  IKS,  Aloea  rosea. 

BOD,  Crick  in  the  neck. 

HOFF,  Poples. 

BOG-LICE,  Onisei  asellL 

BOGWORT,  Beptallon  irraveolens. 
HOIST,  Tussis. 

BOLANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  f0Ao?,  'entire.' 
and    auencephalia,    'absence    of    brain.'      Entire 
absence  of  brain, — the  same  as  Anencephalia. — 
1.  <;.  sr.  Bilairc. 
BOL  \RTHRITIS,  Bamarthritis. 

HOLCE,  '«*«*.      A  drachm.— Galen. 
HOL'CIMOS,  'oXKifioi,  from  '(/A*?,  'a  weight.' 
A  tumour  of  the  liver. 

BOLCUS  SORGHUM,  Panieum  Italicum. 

HOLKNE,  Ilex  aquifolinm. 

HOLER  A,  Cholera. 

BOLES,  BURNT,  Rnpia  escbarotioa. 

HOLLANDS,  (Jin. 

HOLLEN,  Ilex  aquifolinm. 

BOLLY,  AMERICAN,  Ilex  opaea— fa.  Con* 
mon,  Hex  aquifolinm — h.  Dahoon,  Ilex  vouiitorii 


HOLLYHOCK 


4(U 


HONEYCOMB   BAG 


— b.  Ground,  Pyrola  maculata,  Pyrola  urnbellata 
— h.  Sea,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

HOLLYHOCK.  COMMON,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOLMES  WEED,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HOLMICOS,  Alveolus. 

HOLMOS,  Mortar. 

HOLOCYRON,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

HOLOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

HOLONARCO'SIS,  from  (oXog,  'whole,'  and 
»ap»cc.)(7(?,  'stupor.'  Narcosis  of  the  whole  body. 
Torpefac'tio  nni  versa' lis. 

HOLOPHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctrena. 

HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE,  Alsine  media. 

HOLOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

HOLOTETANUS,  see  Tetanus. 

HOLOTONIA,  Holotonicus,  Tetanus. 

HOLOTON'ICUS,  (o\oS,  'the  whole,'  and  teivu, 
'I  stretch.'  Holoton'ia,  A  spasm  of  the  whole 
body  : — a  variety  of  tetanus. — Sauvages. 

HOLYN,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Holywell  is  a  town  in  Wales,  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  famous  well  of  St.  Winifred.  It  is  a 
simple  cold  water,  remarkable  for  its  purity. 

H OMAGRA.  Omagra. 

HOMEOPATHY.  Homoeopathy. 
*    HOMERDA,  Stercus  humanum. 

HOME'RIA  COLLI'NA,  Cape  Tulip.  A  poi- 
sonous South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Irideae, 
the  bulb  of  which  acts  as  a  violent  acro-narcotic, 
producing  fatal  results  very  speedily. 

HOMESICKNESS,  Nostalgia. 

HOMICI'DAL,  Truculen'tus,  Ferns,  from  homo, 
'man,'  and  caido,  'I  kill.'  Pertaining  or  relating 
to  homicide  or  the  killing  of  man. 

Homicidal  Insan'ity,  Homici'dal  Monoma'nia, 
(F.)  Monomania  homicide.  Insanity,  with  an 
irresistible  impulse  to  destroy  life. 

HOMILIA.  Coition. 

HOM'INY.  A  word  of  Indian  derivation. 
Maize  or  Indian  corn  hulled  and  coarsely  broken. 
It  is  prepared  for  food  by  being  mixed  with  water 
and  boiled. 

Hominy,  Wheaten,  see  Groats. 

HOMTOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

HOMME,  Homo. 

HOMO,  (F.)  Homme,  Man,— the  chief  and  most 
perfect  of  the  mammalia:  in  Greek,  avSpuiros, 
Anthro'pos,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  rpcTrio,  'I 
turn;'  because  man,  alone,  of  all  animals,  pos- 
sesses the  natural  power  of  standing  erect.  lie 
is,  also,  the  only  animal  whose  incisor  teeth, 
wedged  in  a  projecting  jaw.  are  absolutely  ver- 
tical. Man  is  especially  distinguished  from  other 
mammalia  by  the  faculty,  which  he  possesses,  of 
classing  his  ideas:  comparing  them  with  each 
other;  and  connecting,  representing,  and  trans- 
mitting them  by  signs  and  articulate  sounds.  He 
possesses,  in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  attributes 
of  intelligence, — memory,  judgment,  and  imagi- 
nation. He  inhabits  all  countries, —  the  burning 
regions  of  the  torrid  zone,  and  the  chilling  at- 
mosphere of  the  polar  climes.  In  different  situa- 
tions, he  presents,  in  his  figure,  colour,  and  sta- 
ture, differences  which  have  caused  mankind  to 
be  divided  by  naturalists  into  races  or  varieties. 
The  number  of  such  races  can  only  be  approxi- 
mated. Blumenbach  admits  five,  the  Caucasian, 
Ethiopian,  Mongolian,  Mala;/,  and  American. 
Every  division  must  necessarily  be  arbitrary,  and 
the  individuals  composing  each  variety  are  far 
from  being  alike. 

Homo  Alati-s.  see  Alatus. 

Homo  Cauda'ti-s,  'Tailed  man.'  A  fabulous, 
tailed  variety  of  the  human  species,  'incola  orbis 
antarctici,'  admitted  by  Linnaeus,  although  he  is 
uncertain  whether  to  rank  them  with  men  or 
apes  ' 


Homo  Fatuus,  Lliot. 


HOMOED'RUS,  from  hpov,  'together,'  and 
es5pa,  'seat.'  Having  the  same  seat.  Morbi  ho- 
moedri : — diseases  that  have  the  same  seat. 

HOMCEOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMCEOPATH,  Homoeopathist. 

HOxMQZOPATH'IC,  Homoeopath' icus,  Homce- 
op'athes.     Relating  to  homoeopathv. 

HOMCEOPA  TIIIE,  Homoeopathv. 

HOMCEOP'ATHLST,  Homoeopath,  Homa-o. 
path'icus,  Humceopothis'ta,  Homoeopath  is' ten.  One 
who  believes  in  homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHY,  Homceopatii'a,  Ars  hom<r- 
opath'ica,  Homoeop 'athy ,  Hahn'emamiism,  Dtjna- 
mop'at/n/,  (F.)  Homapopathie,  Horn  oeoth  era pen- 
tique,  Homceosympathie,  Doctrine  homceo-organ- 
ique,  from  'opoiug,  'like,'  and  rra-S-oy,  'affection.' 
A  fanciful  doctrine,  which  maintains,  that  disor- 
dered actions  in  the  human  body  are  to  be  cured 
by  inducing  other  disordered  actions  of  a  like 
kind,  and  this  to  be  accomplished  by  intinitesi- 
mally  small  doses,  often  of  apparently  inert 
agents;  the  decillionth  part  of  a  grain  of  char- 
coal, for  example,  is  an  authorized  dose.  It  has 
also  been  called  Gloh'tdism. 

HOMCEOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

HOMCEOSYMPA THIE,  Homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOTHERAPEUT1QIE,  Homoeo- 
pathy.. 

HOMOZOZ'YGY,  from  ropoios,  'like,' and  {vyou, 
'I  join  together.'  (F.)  Soi-pour-soi.  The  law 
of  association  of  organs,  by  which  like  parts  ad- 
here to  like  parts. — Serres. 

HOMOETHNIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOGENESIS,  see  Generation. 

HOMOIOPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOIO'SIS,  Homoeo'sis,  Homio'sis,  from 
'o/ioiou),  'I  resemble,'  'I  assimilate.'  An  elabora- 
tion of  the  nutritious  juice,Joy  which  it  becomes 
proper  for  assimilation. 

HOMOLINON,  see  Apolinosis. 

HOMOLOGOUS,  see  Homology. 

IIOM'OLOGUE,  Homol'oijus,  same  etymon  as 
horuologj\  A  term  applied  to  the  same  organ  in 
different  animals  under  every  variety  of  form  and 
function. — Owen. 

IIOMOL'OGY,  from  'opoiog,  'like,'  and  Xoyo;, 
'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  similarity  of 
structure.  Thus,  the  two  sides  of  the  body  are 
said  to  be  'homologous.'  Homol'ogoi.s,  homn- 
morph'ous,  or  homosoniorph'ous  tissues  are  those 
that  resemble  others;  in  opposition  to  heterolo- 
gous, het'eroclite,  or  heteromorjjh'ons,  which  are 
new  formations.  Homology  seems  now  to  be 
accepted  as  the  designation  of  the  doctrine  or 
study,  the  subject  of  which  is  the  relations  of  the 
parts  of  animal  bodies. — Owen. 

HOMOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMONOPAGIA,  Cephalalgia. 

HOMOPII'AGUS,  from  %pos,  'raw,' and  <payu>, 
'I  eat.'     One  who  eats  raw  flesh. 

HOMO  PLASTY,  Homoopla'sia,  from   'opotos. 
Mike,' and  ttAuo-o-w,  T  form.'     The  formation  of 
'  homologous  tissues. 

HOMOPLATA,  Scapula, 

HOMOT'ONOS,  .Equa'lis,  from  'opos,  'equal.' 

and  rovog,  'tone.'    That  which  has  the  same  tone. 

A   continued   fever,    whose    symptoms    have   an 

equal   intensity  during  the  whole  course  of  the 

!  disease,  has  been  so  called.    .See  Acmasticos,  and 

.  Sj'nocha. 

HONESTY,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

HONEWORT.  FIELD,  Sison  amomum. 

HONEY,  Mel— h.  Balsam  of,  Hill's,  see  Mel— 

!  h.  Bloom,  Apocynum  androsa?mifolium  —  h.  of 

i  Borax,  Mel  boracis  —  h.  Clarified,  Mel  despuma- 

tum — h.  Prepared,  Mel  praeparatum — h.  of  Roses, 

Mel  rosse — h.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillaa 

compositus. 

I      HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Reticulum. 


HONEYSUCKLE 


HOSPITAL 


HONEYSUCKLE,  Lonieera  nam  — 

h.  Busb,  Diervilla  trifida  —  h.  Scarlet,  Lonioera 
■empervirena —  h.  Trumpet,  Looieera  aemper- 
•\  irens. 

HONEY  BUG  \i:.  •;: 

'  ]•:.  Coptia  i.      .. 
HONOR  CAPITIS,  -  •  I  ipillus. 

VORAfRE,  Sostrum. 
HONOR  \l;i!\M.  Sostrum. 

VTEl  A".  Pudie. 
HOODWORT,  Scutellaria  lateriflora, 
BOOK,  Sax.  hoce,  hooc,  Dutch,  hoeek,  Un- 
'"i'iihx,  Ane'yra,  (F.)  Erigne, 
An  instrument,  consisting  of  a  steel  wire, 
flattened  :it  the  middle,  and  having  the  extremi- 
I         r  oked  and  pointed.     Some  hooks  are  fur- 
Dished  with  a  handle  at  one  extremity— the  other 
having  one  or  two  hooka ; — constituting  the  tingle 
or  </<>u/J,-  honk.     The  hook  is  used  by  anatomists 
and  Burgeons  to  lay  hold  of,  and  raise  up,  certain 
|  n  of  which  is  delicate,  or  which 

would  riip  from  the  fing 

Tne    Tenaculum  la  a  variety  of  the  hook. 
Hook,  Blpnt,  Jch'thya,  Fch'thye\  Onus,  Unguis 
.1    instrument  which  ia  passed  over 
the  flexures  of  the  joints  t>>  a-.~i.~t   in   bringing 
down  the  foetus  in  parturition. 

rach. 
-'KITS  PILLS,  Pilulaa  Aloes  et  Myrrbae. 
HOOPING-COUGH,    Pertussis  — h.    Roche'a 
Embrocation  for,  see  Roche. 

llnl'lTAL,  Hospital  —  a.  des  Funs,  Morotro- 
ph in  in. 

HOPLO  IHRIS'MA,  from  WXov,  'a  w< 
and  -^pictia,  'salve.'  Unguen'tum  arma'rinm, 
Arm'atory  Unguent.  A  salve  which  waa  sup- 
•  i  cure  wounds  '  y  sympathy, — the  instru- 
ment with  which  the-wound  was  inflicted  being 
anointed  with  it. 

HOPLOMOCH'LION/oiXo^oxAwv.from'orrXov, 

.  'a  lever.'      The   name  of 

bine  or  apparatus,  which  embraced 

»le  body  like  armour.     A  figure  of  it  is 

:   tbricius  nb  Aqunpendente. 

Hit!'  lupulus— b.  Pillow,  see  Ilunm- 

ulus. 
HOPS,  see  Elumulus  lupulus. 
HOQl  ET,  Singultus. 
HOR  \.  1! 

Maturity. 

H0RDE1   M  VLTUM, 

'.I'M.  diminutive  of  TTordenm,  'bar- 
os'thia,  Sclerophthal'vtia,  Cri- 
thid'ion,  Crythe,   Stye,   Styan,   Stine,  (F.) 
small,    inflammatory    tu- 
mour, tre  of  a  boil,   which  exhibits 
of  tli"  eyelids,  particu- 
larly near  the  inner  angle  of  tl 
HOR'DEUM,  Or'deum,  Crithi.     ] 
or   Scotch    Barl, 

i   an gsl   the  Cereali a.     |  P.) 

afford    a    mucilaginous    decoction, 

which    is   employed  aa  a  dil I   and   nntiphlo- 

of  the  Hordeum  dis'tich 
i,    Zeoc'riton   dis'tichum,  and    //.   hexat'- 
tirhm,  poaseaa  aimila  -.     Barley 

from   its  sheila  in  mills,  forming  the   Hor'deum 
mundu'tum    ten   deeortica'tum  1'tum, 

:   larmaoopoeiai ;  and,  at  times 
'<  ri1'"  do  ill,  round    grains,    somewhat 

like  pearls,  n  died  Hordeum  perla'tnm, 

•'.  and    torn 
•  denuda'tum  sen  p*  rla'tnm,  the    I 
I 
.      '   .  I 

11  i<  dm,  Veratrnm  sabadilla h. 

L'  Sordeum — h.  Denudatui 


Hordeum  —  b.  Exoorticatum,  see  Hordeum — h. 
Galactioum,  Orysa — h.  Mundatum,  see  Hordeum 
— h.  l'erlatum.  see  Hordeum. 

HOREHOUND,  Marrubium  —  h.  Black,  Bal- 
lota  fbetida —  h.  Germander-leaved,  Eupntortum 
teucrifolium  —  h.  Stinking,  Ballota  foetida  — h. 
Water.  Lyoopue  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus  — 
li.  Wild,  Eupatorium  rotundifolium,  E.  teucri- 
folium. 

HORME,  Inatinei 

HORMINUM,  Salvia  horminum  — h.  Colora- 
tura, Salvia  horminum  —  b.  Sativum,  Salvia  hor- 
minum. 

HORMON,  Enormon. 

BORN,  Cornn. 

HORN  POX,  see  Varicella. 

HORNSEED,  Ergot 

HORNY,  Corneous. 

Horny  Ex  b,  Lepido'rit,  Tchthyi'a. 

sis  eomig"era,  <  'or'nua  cuta'n 
l<i  /'ran.     Certain  excrescences,  which  occasion- 
ally form  on  some  part  of  the  skin,  and  r< 
in  shape,  the  horns  of  an  animal. 

Horny  Substani  b,  see  Tootb. 

HORRENTIA,  Horripilation. 

HOR'RIDA    CUTIS,   0 r-«Hn,   Cutis  nW- 

H'tta,    Dermatospasm'us,    Spasmus    , 

A  state  of  the  skin  produced  by  cold  or  I 

accompanying  the  rigor  of  an  intermittent. 

HORRIPILA'TION,     Horripila'tio,     Horror, 
Horren'tia,     Phrice,     Phricas'mus,     Ph\ 
Phri'cia,  from  horrere,  'to  bristle  up.'  and  pi/ns, 
•liair."     (P.J  Horripilation,   Frissonnement. 
neral  chilliness,  preceding  fever,  and  accompanied 
wiih  bristling  of  the  hairs  over  the  body. 

HORROR,  Horripilation— h.  Ciborum,  1 
for  food. 

HORSE  BALM,  Collinsonia  Canadensis  —  b. 
Cane,  Ambrosia    trifida— b.  Chestnut,   .'; 

astanum— h.  Crust,  Crusta  genu  equina. 

HORSEFLY  WEED,  Sophora  tinctoria, 

HORSEFOOT,  Bee  Kyllosis. 

3EMINT,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Monarda  coc- 
cinen,  M.  fistulosa,  and  M.  punctata  — h. 
Cunila  mariana. 

HORSE  NETTLE,  Solanum  Carolinenee. 

HORSE  RADISH,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

HORSE'S  TAIL,  Hippuria  vulgaris. 

HORSE  WEED,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Collinsonia 
Canadensis,  Erigeron  Canadense. 

HORTULUS  CUPIDINIS,  Vulva. 

HORTUS,  Vulva  —  h.  siccus,  Herbarium. 

HOSE,  Collum,  Throat. 

HOSEFISH,  Sepia. 

PITAL,  primarily  from  loupe*,  hospitis, 
'a  guest.'  Tnfirm'ary,  (Old  Eng.)  Farm'ery, 
Spit'al,  Nosoeomi'um,  Adynatoeomi'um,  Adynato- 
dochi'um,  Xenodoee'um,  Xenodoche'um,  Tnfirma'- 
rium,  Infirmato'rium,  Nosodochi'um,  1 
na'rinm,  |  P. )  HSpital.  An  establish  mi  m  for  the 
■  ii  of  the  aick,  in  which  they  arc  main- 
tained and  treated  medically.  Hospitals  were 
first  instituted  about  the  end  of  the  4th  century, 

a    period    at    which    the  word    voa<>K<,iiui>v  was 

■  for  the  first  time.  by  St.  Jerome.     Th-  y 
may  lie  ,/(  „,,-,,/,  receiving  all  • 
admitting  only  the  subjects  of  certai 
II  '-'in  \i.     G  \N..i-i  \k,    Phagt  ia  '  ■ 
Putrid   or    Malignant    Ulcer,   | 
Nosocomio'rum  ten  Nosocomia' lis  sen  Conta 

flu*  nosocomia' lis,  Bos'pital  Sore,  Putrc'- 
'/",  (F.)  Pourriture  ou  Qangrem  sfhttpital.  Gan- 
ocurring  in  wounda  <-r  ulcer-,  in  bospi- 
air  of  which  baa  been  vitiated 
accumulation  of  patients,  or  some  other  c  • 
itance.  Hospital  gangrene  —  many  different  ra- 
rietiee  of  which  are  met  with,  and  always  aceuw- 


HOST 


406 


HUMIDUM   SATIVUM 


panied   or  preceded  by  fever  —  commonly  com- ij 
inences  witli  suppression  of  the  suppuration  of 
the  wound,  which  becomes  covered  with  a  gray- 
ish   and  tenacious    sanies.      The   gangrene   then 
manifests  itself.     It  extends  from  the  centre  of 
the   ulcerated   surface  towards  the  edges  ;  these  | 
become   swollen,  painful,  and  everted;   and  the  I 
patient  dies  with  all  the  signs  of  typhus.     The  I 
treatment  must  be  varied    according  to  circum- 
stances.     Sometimes,  it  requires  the  use  of  sti-  |j 
ululating,  acid,  caustic,  and    antiseptic  applica- 
tions ;     with,    occasionally,    the    actual    cautery, 
aided  by  the  exhibition  of  tonics,  internally :  — 
at  others,  the  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  emol- 
lient applications  may  be  necessary. 

Hospital,  Insane,  Morotrophium — h.  Leper, 
Ladrerie. 
HOST,  Tussis. 
HOSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

HOT    SPRINGS,    see  Virginia,    mineral    wa- 
ters of. 

IIOFBLOX,  Humulus  lupulus. 
HOUGH,  Poples,  Sickly. 
HOUNDS'  TONGUE.  Cvnoglossum. 
HOUPPE  XER  VEUSE,  see  Papilla— h.  du 
Menton,  Depressor  labii  inferioris,  Levator  labii 
inferioris. 

HOURGLASS     CONTRACTION     OF     THE 
UTERUS,  see  Qhaton. 

HOUSELEEK,    Sempervivum    tectorum  —  h. 
Small.  Sedum. 

HOUSEMAID'S    KNEE,    see    Knee,    house- 
maid's. 

HOUSE-PUPIL,  see  House-Surgeon. 
HOUSE-SURGEON,  Resident  Surgeon.  Usu- 
ally a  senior  house-pupil  or  graduate,  who  resides 
in  an  hospital,  and  attends  to  every  accident  and 
disease,  in  the  absence  of  the  attending  physician 
or  surgeon.  It  answers,  in  the  British  hospitals, 
to  the  Eleve  interne  or  Interne  of  the  French. 
The  Eleve  e.vterne  or  Ext  erne  is  a  less  advanced 
pupil ;  from  whom  Internes  are  chosen.  In  ordi- 
nary schools,  Eleve  cxteme  means  a  day-scholar; 
whilst  Eleve  interne  means  a  boarder. 

HOUX,   Ilex  aquifolium — h.  Apalachine,  Ilex 
vomitoria — h.  Petit,  Ruscus. 
HOWDY.  Midwife. 
HOWDY-WIFE,  Midwife. 
HUACACACHU,  Datura  sanguinea. 
HUACO.  Guaco. 
HUANU,  Guano. 
HUBBON,  Haunch. 

HUCKLEBERRY,  see  Gaylussaeia,  and  Vac- 
cinium — h.  Dwarf.  Gaylussaeia  humosa. 
HUCKLEBONE.  Isehion. 
HUCKSHOULDERED,  see  Hump. 
HUDSON'S    PRESERVATIVE    FOR    THE 
TEETH  AND  GUMS,  see  Tinottua  Myrrhae. 

I1UILE,  Oil  —  h.  d' Absinthe,  Artemisia  absin- 
thium (oil  of) — h.  d' Acajou,  see  Anacardiutn 
occidentale. 

HVILE  AGOJJSTIQUE  (F.).  O'lenm  acus'ti- 
cum.  Acoustic  Oil.  An  oil  for  deafness,  prepared 
of  olire  oil,  t^ij  ;  garlic,  ox-gall,  and  bay  leaves, 
each  gj  ;  boiled  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and 
strained. 

HUILE  D'AMANDES,  Oleum  amygdalarum 
— &.  C'Aneth,  see  Anethum  graveolens  —  h.  Ani- 
male, Oleum  animale  —  h.  Animate  de  Dippel, 
OWim  animale  Dippclii — A.  Ani malisee  par  in- 
fusion, Oleum  animalizatnm  per  infusionem  — h. 
d'Anis,  see  Pimninella  anisum  —  k.  Anthelmin- 
tir/uede  Chabert,  Oleum  animate  empvreumaticum 
Chaberti  —  h.  Aromntiqne,  Oleum  animalizatum 
per  infusionem  —  h.  d'Auronc,  Artemisia  abrota- 
nutn  (oil  of)  —  h.  de  Cacao.  Batter  of  Cacao — h. 
de  Cade,  see  Juniperus  oxycedrus — h.  de  Carvi, 
Carum  (oil) — h.  de  Cedrat,  Oleum  cedrinum — k. 


de  petite  Chiens,  Oleum  aniraalizatum  per  infu- 
sionem— It.  de  Come  de  Cerf,  Oleum  animale  Dip- 
pelii  —  h.  d'Epurge,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  h.  de 
Foie  de  Maine,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — h.  de  Gabi- 
on, Petrolatum — /;.  de  Gerojie,  see  Eugenia  earyo- 
phyllata — A.  dc  Ldiirier,  Unguentum  laurinum — 
h.  de  Lin,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — h.  dc  Lis, 
see  Lilium  candidum — h.  de  Morelle,  see  Solarium 
— A.  de  Monte,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — h.  de  Noix, 
see  Juglans  cinerea —  h.  d' (Eillette,  Papaver  (oil) 
— h.  de  Papier,  Pyrothonide — h.de  Pied*  de  Bu  nf, 
Oleum  bubulum  —  h.  de  Iticin,  see  Ricinus  com- 
munis— h.  de  Suecin,  see  Succinum — h.  de  Tartre 
par  defaillance,  Liquor  potassae  subcarbonatis — 
h.  Verte,  Balsam,  green,  of  Metz  —  h.  de  Viu 
donee,  Oleum  iEthereum. 

UTILES  AXIMALES,  Olea  animalia—  h. 
Distillees,  Olea  volatilia  —  h.  Empyreumatiqites, 
Olea  einpyreuinatica —  h.  Essentielles,  Olea  vola- 
tilia—  A.  Etherees,  Olea  volatilia  —  h.  Fixes,  ou 
Grasses,  Olea  fixa — h.  Fugaccs,  Olea  fugacia — h. 
Jfedicinal-cs,  Olea  medicinalia — A.  Pyroginies, 
Olea  empyreumatica — h.  Volatiles,  Olea  volatilia. 
HUIT  DE  CHIFFRE.  Figure  of  8.  A  ban- 
dage of  which  the  turns  are  crossed  in  the  form 
of  the  figure  8.  Such  is  the  bandage  used  after 
bleeding  from  the  arm. 

HUITO,  Genipa  oblongifolia. 
HUlTEE,  Ostrea. 
HUKEBANE,  Isehion. 
IIULCUS.  Ulcer. 
HULGIE-BACKED.  see  Hump. 
HULLUPING.  Vomiting. 
HUM,  VENOUS,  Bruit  dc  diable. 
HUMBLE,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 
HUMECTAN'TIA.    From  hnmectare,  'to  mois- 
ten '     A  name  formerly  given    to  drinks,  which 
appeared  to  possess  the  property  of  augmenting 
the  fluiditv  of  the  blood. 

HU'MERAL,  Earner  a' Us.  That  which  belongs 
to,  or  is  connected  with,  the  arm  or  humerus. 

Hu'MERAL  Ab'tery,  Arte'ria  kumera' lis,  see 
Brachial  artery. 

EUMERO-CUBITAL,  Brachialis  anterior  — 
7).  Sns-metac<irpien,  see  Radial  is — //.  Sns-rudiul, 
Supinator  radii  longus. 

HU'MERFS,  Sca'pula,  Onto;  Annus,  (F.) 
Epaule,  Shoulder,  (Prov.)  Spaud.  The  most  ele- 
vated part  of  the  arm.  The  bones,  which  con- 
cur in  forming  it,  are —  the  scapula,  head  of  the 
humerus,  and  the  clavicle,  united  together  by 
strong  ligaments,  and  covered  by  numerous  mus- 
1  cles. 

Ho 'MERITS,  Os  hn'meri  sen   bra'chii  sen  adju- 

j  to'  r  in  in     seu     brachia'le,     Bra'chium,     Lacer'tns, 

J  Shout derbone,    (Prov.)     Spaut-bone,     Spaic-bone, 

\  Skullbune,  is   the   cylindrical,  irregular  bone  of 

I  the  arm  :   the  upper  extremity  of  which   has   a 

(•hemispherical  head  connected  with  the  scapula  ; 

I  and   two   tuberosities  or  tubercles,  a  greater  and  a 

|  lesser,   for   the   attachment   of   muscles,    between 

I  which  is  the  Bieip'ital  groove  or  Fossa.     At  the 

|  inferior  extremity  may  be  remarked  —  the   inner 

j  condyle,  the  outer  condyle  ;  the  small  head,  which 

j  is  articulated  with  the  radius:  the  trochlea  articu- 

I  lated  with  the  ulna.  &c.     The  humerus  is  deve- 

|  loped  by  seven  points  of  ossification: — one  fur 

the  body;  one  for  the  head  :  one  for  the  greater 

tuberosity:  one  for  the  trochlea  ;  one  for  the  epi- 

trochlea;  one  for  the  epicondyle;  and  another  for 

the  lesser  head. 

Humkrits  Summits,  Acromion. 

HUMEUR    AQUEUSE,   Aqueous  humour  — 

h.  Crystalline,   Crystalline  —  h.  Hyalotde,  Corpus 

vitreum — h.  de  Morgayni,  Morgagni,  humour  of. 

HUMEURS  FROilJES.  Seroful*. 

HVMIDE  RADICALE,  Humidum  radicnle. 

HUMIDUM  NATIVUM,  II.  radicale— h.  Na- 


II  U  M  I  L  T  S 


46 


HYALOID 


tivum  Articulorum,  Synovia  —  h.  Primigenium, 
II.  radicale. 

Hi  'miiu  m  11  api.ai.i-.  Hn'midrnm  primigem'ium 

Um     ii'iti'iuiu    sou    mtiiiifi'l;.    Rad'ical    Moisture, 

(F.)  Humid*  Names  Formerly  giyen  to 

the  liquid  which  was  conceived  to  give  flexibility 
and  proper  consistence  to  the  different  organic 
textui 

Hi  mum  m  Skmiwi.k.  IT.  radieale. 

HDMILIS,  Rectus  inferior  oeulL 

HUMLOIK.  Conium. 

BUMOR,  Humour  —  h.  Albugineous,  Aqueous 
humour— h.  Articulsris,  Syno>  ia— h.  Ceruminous, 
Cerumen — h.  Doridis,  Water,  sea  —  h.  Genitalis, 
Bp<  rm- b.  Glacialis,  Crystalline,  Corpna  vitreum 
—  b.  Hyalinns  sea  Byaloides,  Corpus  vitreum — 
Milk— h.  Laorymalia,  Tear — b.  Me- 
lanobolicus,  Bee  Mercurialis — b.  Mercurialis,  see 
Mercurialia — b.  Morgagnianos,  Morgagni,  humor 
of — h.  OTatus,  Aqueous  humour — h.  Oviformis. 
Aqueous  humour — b.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium 
— h.  Purulentus,  Pus  —  b.  Seminalis,  Sperm — h. 
is,  Sperm— b.  Vitreus,  Corpus  vitreum. 

Ill  MORAL,  Humorn'lis,  from  humere,  'to 
moisten.'  Proceeding  from,  or  connected  with, 
the  humours. 

BUMORBS  INQUILIXI,  Reerementidal  Se- 
cret) 

HUMOETQUE,  Bee  Bruit  humorique. 

RU'MORISM,  Hit' moral  Pathol'ogy,  Potho- 
J,„j"i<t  humera'lis.  A  medical  theory,  founded 
exclusively  on  the  parts  which  the  humours  were 
considered  to  play  in  the  production  of  disease. 
Although  traces  of  this  system  may  be  found  in 
the  most  remote  antiquity,  the  creation,  or,  at  all 
events,  the  arrangement  of  it  may  he  attributed 
n,  who  ehveloped  it  in  metaphysical  sub- 
tleties relating  to  the  union  between  the  elements 
ami  the  four  cardinal  humours. 

HU'MORISTS.  The  Galenical  and  other  phy- 
sicians, who  attributed  all  diseases  to  the  de- 
praved state  of  the  humours,  or  to  vicious  juices 
collected  in  the  body. 

HUMOUR,     Humor,     Ht/nra'sio,     Hygre'don, 

Hygrum.     Bvery  fluid  substance  of  an  organised 

—  as  the    blood,  chyle,  lymph,   Ac.      The 
'•*,   xv^01"    Ohymi,    Humo'res,  differ  consi- 
derably m  to  number  and  quality  in  the  different 

-    of   organized    beings:    and    even   in   the 

-.  according  to  the  state  of  health  or 

The    ancients    reduced  them   to  four ; 

which  they  called  cardinal  humours: — the  blood, 

■n.  yellow  bile,  and   atrabilis   or  black   bile. 

A  modern  classification  of  the  humours  is  given 

under  Fluid. 

BUMP.      Perhaps  from  umbo,  'the  bos-  of  a 
buckler.'     Hunch,   Gibber,  Gibbus,  Gibba,   Tub,,-, 
Y      !'■  -•'.     A  prominence,  formed  by  a  devia- 
tion of  the  bones  of  the  trunk.      Commonly,  it  is 
i   by  the  spine  or  sternum,  ami  is  seated  at 
r   or   anterior   part   of  the   trunk.      I; 

may,  :i  1  -<>.  be  produced  by  deviation  of  the  ribs 
or  pelvis.  The  ipine  may  be  curved  in  three 
principal  directions.  1.  Backward*,  the  most 
rniomon  ease;  this  the  ancients  called  Kv&uau, 
Cypho'sis,  Gibbos'itas.  2.  Forwards,  looiucn,  Lor- 
do' sis,  Reeurvn'tio  :  and  3.  Laterally,  oKoXibxjts, 
Obstipa'tio.  Must  curvatures  occur  at 
ige,  ;ind   are   caused   by  scrofula. 

I      :    and.     not    anfrequently,     they    are 

•  tnied  by  <-arie<  of  the  vertebi 
tebral  Ine  who  is  affected  with  a  bump, 

•  ■r  i-  \ump' backed,  Humpty,  Huckshomldered, 
Shrumt  Hulgiebaeked,  Trudge- 

.     is    called,    by    the 

HUMPBACKED,  see  Hump. 
HUMPTY,  Bee  Bump. 
BUMULUS,  Bumnlus  lupulus. 


Hi  'mi  i  dsj    1.'  'pi  i  i  <.    Lh'phIus,    L.  scanden* 
sen   coiunm' ni«   sen   salicta'rius,   Humulus, 
humus,  •  the  ground  on  which  it  creeps,')  Vouool'- 
vulu*  pereu'uis,  the    Hup-pluut.      Nat.  Ord.  I  r- 

!'.     Houblou,  Viyne  du  >i<>nl.     \\ 
or  strobiles,  Hu'muli  strob'ili     Ph.  L.  .  Hamulus 
(Ph.   I'.  S.  ).  have  a  fragrant  odour;    and  a  bitter, 

aromatic  taste,  depending  on  a  peculiar  principle, 


named    Lu' 


extractive    and    essenti 


oil, 


which    may    be   extracted,   equally,  by  water  and 

spirit,  from  the   dried   strobiles.      The  hop  is  vm- 

i-    a    tonic   and    hypnotic,  and  enters  into 

tl imposition  of  ale  and  beer. 

The  H>>p  pillow,  Pulnfuar  Hu'muli,  has  long 
been  used  for  producing  sleep. 

BUNCH,  Hump. 

BUNGARICA  FEBRIS,  Fever.  Hungary. 

BUNGER,  Anglo-Saxon,  hunjeji.  Fame*,  Li- 
nn i,  Peiui,  Peina,  Esu'ries,  Jejuni  um,Jeju'nitas, 
Esurit"io,  Esuri'go,  (F.)  Faim.  The  necessity 
for  taking  Food.  Hunger  is  an  internal  Bensation, 
which  some  authors  have  attributed  to  the  fric- 
tion between  the  sides  of  the  stomach  in  its 
empty  state:  others,  to  the  Compression  of  the 
neves,  when  the  organ  is  contracted  :  others,  to 
the  action  of  the  gastric  juiee,  Ac.  It  is  dictated 
by  the  wants  of  the  system:  —  farther  we  know 
not.     See  Appetite. 

BUNGER-CURE,  Limothcrapeia. 

BUNGRY,  Famel'icus,  Li'micus,  Limo'dee  j 
(Prov.)  Hor,  (vulg.)  Peckish  j  same  etymon. 
Affected  with  hunger. 

BURA  BRASILIKN'SIS,  Amntcou,  Ammcu, 
Useacu.  A  Brazilian  tree,  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Eu- 
pborbiaceSB,  which,  in  form  of  the  extract  of  the 
bark,  is  esteemed  a  specific  in  leprosy.  It  is, 
also,  given  in  elephantiasis,  and  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. 

BURDIES,  Xates. 

BURTLEBERRY,  Vacciniura  myrtillus. 

HYA-HYA,  Tahernsemontana  ntilis. 

BYACINTH,  WILD.  Scilla  esculents. 

BYACINTHU8  MUSCARI,  Bulbus  vorai- 
torius. 

IIV.KXAX'CHE  GLOBO'SA.    Anarboi 
shrub  of  South  Africa,  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbia oese, 
'■   the  fruit  of  which,  pounded,   is   used   to   destroy 
bySBnas  and   other   beasts   of  prey,  and   seems   to 
contain  strychnia. 

BYALEUS.   Hyaline. 

HY'ALINE,  Hyali'nus,  Hyale'us,  Vitreus, 
Vitreous,  (F.)  Yitreux,  vitri.  Classy.  Resem- 
bling glass. 

IIvmisi:  SoBBTANCK,  Cy toblastema. 

BYALI'TIS,  (nflawma'tio  tn'nica  hyaVUde'm, 
Hyaloidftis,  Vit'reo-capsHH'tis,  from  hyaloid, 
and  Ills,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  hyaloid  membrane  of  the  eye 

BY'ALOID.Hyalo'de;  Hy abides,  from  (va\0i, 
'glass/ and  uSot,  ' resemblanee.'  Vitriform;  rc- 
sembling  glass. 

HvAi.oin  Canal,  see  Byaloid  membrane. 

Byaloid  Fossa,  Fossa  Hyaltftde'a,  is  a  cup- 
like  excavation  in  the  vitreous  humour,  in  which 
the  crystalline  is  imbedded. 

By'aloid  Mbmbranb,  Tn'nica  Hynloldt 
Vit'rea, Membra' no.  Arachnoids' a.  \n  the  extremely 

delicate  membrane,  which  forms  the  exterior  co- 
vering of  the  vitrei. us  humour,  and  transmits 
within  it  prolongations,  whiob  divide  it  into  cells. 
Fallopiua  discovered  this  membrane,  and  gave  it 

the  name  Hyaloid.      On  a  level  with  the  entrance 

of  the  optic  nerve  int..  the  eye,  the  byaloid 
membrane  bat  l n  described  as  forming,  by  re- 
flection, a  eylindrieal  canal,  which  pierces  the 
vitreous  humour  from  behind  to  before,  a-  far  us 
the  posterior  part  of  the  crystalline.  See  Canal, 
U  hyaloid.     At  it- anterior  part  i.-  a  depression  — 


IIYAL0ID1TIS 


4G8 


HYDRARGYRI 


Fossa  patella'ris  seu  lenticula' ris  for  the  reception 
of  the  crystalline  lens. 

HYALOIDITIS,  Hyalitis. 

HYALONIXIS,  see  Cataract. 

HYALONYXIS,  see  Cataract. 

HYALOS,  Vitruin. 

HYANCHE,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

HYBOMA,  Gibbositas. 

HYBRID,  ffi'brida,  Hy'brida,  (F.)  Hybride, 
from  the  Greek  'vfipis,  'vdpiSos,  '  mongrel  or  mun- 
grel.'  (F.)  Metis,  Mulet.  A  being  born  of  two 
different  species, — as  the  mule.  The  term  is  ap- 
plied to  plants  as  well  as  to  animals.  The  result 
is  termed  Hybridity.  Hybrid  is  often,  also,  used 
to  designate  words  which  are  formed  from  two 
different  languages — as  uter-tfi*,  for  inflammation 
of  the  uterus,  in  place  of  metritis. 

HYBRIDITY,  see  Hybrid. 

HYDARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDARTHRUS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDAS,  Hydor. 

HY'DAT'ID,  Hy'datis,  Bulla.  Aqu'ula,  Hy- 
dro'a,  Hydrocys'tis,  Hyyrocys'tis,  Tcenia  hyda- 
tig"ena,  Eehinococ'cus  hnma'nus,  from  'ti<5wp, 
'vdaros,  'water.'  This  name  was  long  given  to 
every  encysted  tumour  which  contained  an  aqueous 
and  transparent  fluid.  Many  pathologists  sub- 
sequently applied  it  to  vesicles,  softer  than  the 
tissue  of  membranes,  more  or  less  transparent, 
which  are  developed  within  organs,  but  without 
adhering  to  their  tissues.  It  is  by  no  means  clear 
that  these  formations  are  really  entozoa.  They 
have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  the  body  : 
sometimes  in  the  uterus,  occasioning  signs  nearly 
similar  to  those  of  pregnancy,  but  being  sooner 
or  later  expelled.  The  expulsion  is  generally 
attended  with  more  or  less  hemorrhage.  See 
Acephaloeystis. 

Hydntis,  Aqu'ula,  Phlyctce'nida,  Vcmi'ca  Pal- 
pebrarum, Mil'ium,  also,  meant  a  small,  transpa- 
rent tumour  of  the  eyelids. — Galen,  C.  Hoffmann. 

HYDATIDES  CERYICIS  UTERI,  Xabothi 
glandulse. 

IIYDATIDOCE'LE,  Hydatoee'le,  from  'vSari<;, 
'hydatid,'  and  ktiXrj.  'a  tumour.'  Oscheocele 
containing  hydatids:  the  Oscheoce'le  Jiydatido'sa, 
Hydatidosclipoce'le  of  Sauvages. 

HYDATIDOIDES,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIDO'MA,  from  'vtang,  'hydatid.'  A 
tumour  caused  by  hydatids. 

HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE,  Hydatidocele. 

HYDAT'IFORM,  Hydatiform'is.  A  hybrid 
■word  from  hydatid  and  forma,  'form.'  Resem- 
bling an  hydatid. 

HYDATINUS,  HvdatoicL 

HYDATIS  FIXXA,  Cysticercus  cellulose. 

HY^DATIS'MUS,  from  'vdup,  'v6aroS,  'water.' 
The  noise  eaused  by  the  fluctuation  of  pus  con- 
tained in  an  abscess. — Aurelian,  Foesius. 

HYDATOCELE.  Hydatidocele,  Hvdrocele. 

IFYD  ATOCH'OLOS,  from  'vtup,  'vtaros,  •  water,' 
and  x°^}J'  'bile.'  Aquo'so-bil'ious.  An  epithet 
given  to  evacuated  matters  when  mixed  with 
■water  and  bile. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HY'DATODES,  Aqueous. 

HY'DATOID,  Hydato'l'des,  A'queous,  Aqrto'- 
sus,  Hydato'des,  Hydat'inus,  Hydatido'des,  Hy- 
datidoi'des,  from  'vSwp,  'vSarog,  '  water,'  and  ti&og, 
'resemblance.'  Watery.  Resembling  water.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  the  membrane  of  the 
aqueous  humour;  and,  also,  to  the  aqueous  humour 
itself.     Vinum  hydato'des ;  wine  and  water. 

HYDATONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  fv6<ap,  'vSaros,  'water,' 
and  to<t(?,  'drinking.'     Water-drinking; — hence 

HYDATOP'OTES.     A  water-drinker. 

HYDATOTHERAPEIA.Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDERICUS,  Hydropic. 


HYDERODES,  Hydropic. 
HYDERONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDEROS,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

HY'DOR.  hy'datos,  'vfiwp,  'vSaTog,  and  Hydas, 
hydalon,  'u<5aj,  'vcaros,  '  water.'     Hence  : 

HYDRACHNIS,  see  Varicella. 

HYDRADEX.  Conglobate  gland. 

HYDRADENI'TIS^i^amwta't/o  glandula' rum 
lymphatica'rum,  from  Hydraden,  'a  lymphatic 
gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  a  lymphatic  gland. 

HY'DRiE'DUS,  from  'u<5u>p,  'water,'  and  aiSoia. 
'genital  organs.'     (Edema  of  the  female  organs. 

HYDREMIA,  Hydrosemia. 

HYDRAGOGA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGIA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGICA,  Hydragogues. 

HY'DRAGOGUES,  Hydrago'ga,  Hydrago'gia, 
Hydrago'gica,  Hydrop'ica,  Hydrot'ica,  Aquidti'- 
ca,  from  'v&u>p.  'water/  and  uyo),  'I  expel.'  Me- 
dicines believed  to  be  capable  of  expelling  serum 
effused  into  any  part  of  the  body.  These  are 
generallv  cathartics  or  diuretics. 

IIYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI,  Argenti  mtras. 

HYDRALLAXTE.  False  Waters. 

HYDRAL'LAS,  from  'u(5u>p,  'water,'  and  «AAa?, 
'a  sausage,' — see  Allantois.  A  morbid  increase 
in  the  quantity  of  the  fluid  of  the  allantois. 

HYDRALMJE.  Waters,  mineral  (saline). 

HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  'n^p,  'water,'  and 
'amnios.'  An  excessive  quantity  of  the  liquor 
amnii. 

HYDRAX'GEA  ARBORES'CEXS,  H.  vulga- 
ris, Sevenbarh,  Wild  Hydran'gea,  Bissnm.  Ord. 
Hydrangea?.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flowers 
in  July.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  tonic,  siala- 
gogue,  cathartic,  diuretic,  and  antilithic.  [?] 

HYDRANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

HY'DRANGIA.  Lymphatic  vessels. 

HYDRAXGIOGRAPIIIA,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

HYDRAXGIOTOMIA.  Angeiohvdrotomv. 

HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  Hydrargyren- 
trip'siv,  from  'v6pupyvpoi.  'quicksilver,'  and  ava- 
r/udt?.  'rubbing  in.'  The  rubbing  in  of  a  prepa- 
ration of  quicksilver: — Hydrargyrotrip'sis. 

HYDRARGYREXTRIPSISJ  Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 

HYDRARGYRI  ACETAS,  Hydrargyria  ace- 
tatus — h.  Bichloridum,  H.  oxymurias — h.  Bicya- 
nidum,  H.  eyanuretum — h.  Biniodidum,  H.  iodi- 
dum  rubrum — h.  Binoxydum,  H.  oxydum  rubrum 
— h.  Bisulphuretum,  H.  sulphuretum  rubrum — h. 
Borussias,  II.  eyanuretum  —  h.  Bromidnin,  see 
Bromine  —  h.  Calx  alba,  Hydrargyrum  praecipi- 
tatum  —  h.  Chloridum,  II.  submurias  —  h.  Chlori- 
dum  corrosivum,  H.  Oxymurias  —  h.  Chloridum 
mite,  H.  submurias. 

HvnRAR'Griti  Cyaxure'tum,  H.  Cyan'idum  seu 
Borus'sias  seu  Bicyan'idnm,  Hydrar'gyrum  Cy»- 
nogenn'ttim  seu  Hydrocyan' icum  seu  liornc'sicum 
seu  Zoot'icum,  Prussias  Hydrar'gyri,  Cyan'uret 
or  Prussia te  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Cyaiutre  de  J/er- 
enre.  (Ferri  Fcrro-cyanuret.  ^iv;  Hydrarg,  oxid. 
rubr.  giij,  vel  q.  s. ;  Aqua  destillat.  Oiij.  Put 
the  ferro-cyanuret  and  three  ounces  of  the  oxide 
of  mercury,  previously  powdered  and  thoroughly 
mixed  together,  into  a  glass  vessel,  and  pour  on 
two  pints  of  the  distilled  water.  Boil  the  mix- 
ture, stirring  constantly:  and  if,  at  the  end  of 
half  an  hour,  the  blue  colour  remains,  add  small 
portions  of  the  oxide  of  mercury,  continuing  tie 
ebullition  until  the  mixture  becomes  of  a  yellow- 
ish colour;  then  filter  through  paper.  Wash  the 
residue  in  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  and  Alter. 
Mix  the  solution  and  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  ap- 
pears, and  set  the  liquor  aside,  that  crystals  may 
form.     To  purify  the   crystals,  subject  it  to  re- 


IIYDRAR'iYUI 


400 


HYDRA RCYRI 


solution,  ev  ration. —  Ph. 

preparation  ha*  been  strongly  re- 
eommended  as  a  powerful  antisyphilitic,  and  is 
admitted   into    the    Parisian    codex.     Twelve  to 
twenty-four  grains  may  be  dissolved  in  a  quart 
of  distilled  water.  and  three  or  four  spoonfuls  of 
ition  be  taken  daily  in  a  glass  of  any  un- 
ite liquid. 
Bydrarstri  DBDTO-iODisuir,  IT.  Iodidum  ru- 
brum — h.  Deuto-ioduretum,  see  Iodine — h.  Deu- 
totiirras,  see    H.  nitras  —  h.   Dipernitras,  -       1!. 
nitras  —  b.    Hyperoxodes,    Hydrargyri    nitrico- 
oxydum. 

Btdrargyri   Ion'inrn.  //.  Protoiod'idun  seu 

s''ihi(><(' iifiim,    Hydrar'yy- 

n  Todidula'tum,  Iud'idum 

seu    lodure'tum   hydra  rgyro'aum,  Protoiodure'tum 

,'i,  Podtdt  or  Proti'odide  of  Mercury,  (F.) 

'    rtiodurede  Mercure,  (IJydrary. 

i.   !Jv,   Alcohol  q.  s.     Rub   t!ie  mercury 

ami  iodine  together,  adding  sufficient  alcohol  to 

form  a  soft  paste,  and  continue  the  trituration  till 

ibules   disappear.      Dry   the   iodide  in   the 

dark,  with  a  gentle  he.it.  and   keep  it  in   a  well- 

stopped  bottle,  the  light  excluded.  — Ph.  U.S.) 

•  ne   grain,   gradually   raised    to    three    or 

four. 

Hydrarqtri     Touidum    Chlorim,    Mercury, 
iodide  of  chloride  of. 

Btdrargtri   looinuK   RiBRtNf,  FT.  Biniod'- 
idum    sen    Deuto-iod'idum    seu  Dcuto-iodure'tum 
riod'idum,  Hydrargyrum  ioda'tmn  rubrum 
ioda'tum    seu    Perioda'tnm,   Tode'tum    seu 
fod'idum  Hydrargyr'icum,  Deuto-iodure'tum  mer- 
ni'rii.  Red   rodide,  Bini'odide,    DeutVodide  and 
Peri'adide  of  Mercury,  (F.)    Deutiodure   ou   Bi- 
ilfdurc    ou    Periodure    de    Mercure.      ( Hydrarg. 
.    chlorid.   §j,    Potaaaii    lodid.    !Jx.    Aqnce 
dealillat.  Oij.    Dissolve  the  chloride  in  a  pint  and 
a  half,  and  the  iodide  of  potassium  in  half  a  pint 
of  distilled   water,   and   mix   the  solutions.      Col- 
lect the  precipitate  on  a  filter,  and.  having  washed 
i'    with    distilled   water,   dry  it  with    a   moderate 
nd  keep  it  in  a  well-stopped  bottle.  —  Ph. 
,   one-sixteenth    to  one-fourth  of  a 
grain. 

Hydrarqtri  MrrtiAs  basi  Oxydi  imperff.cti, 
IT.  ozymurias — b.  Murias  corrosivum,  H.  oxymu- 
ria< —  b.  ."Mnrias  dulcis  sublimatus,  II.  subinurias 
— !i.  Oxygen atus,  H.  Oxymuriaa — h.  Marias  spi- 
-  liquidus,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis 
— h.  Murias  suboxygenatus  prsecipitatione  para- 
tu-.  Hydrargyrum  precipitatum. 

Btorargtri  Nitras,  Nitras  Hydrar'gyri  in 
-.  Hydrargyrum  nit,rieum,Mt  r- 
'ana  fri'gorepara'tua,  Nitrae  hydrargy- 
■■•■<  hydra rgyro'ene,   Nitrate  of  Mer- 
"/■<.  Protfiazotati  ■■ 
\  trnti  mercurenx.    It  is  employed  in  syphi- 
•  rnally.  in  fungous,  obstinate  ulcers. 
used  in  the  formation  of  the  SolubU  .'/■/•- 
!'  Hahnemann. 
An  acid  nitrate  of  mercury,  Hydrar'gyri  devto- 
nilrti*  sen  dipernitraa  seu  tupcrnitrae,  Mercu'riua 
ia  cal'ide  para'tna,   Nit  rat  hydrargyr'icue, 
Atfotaa  hydrargyr'icue  liq'uidue,  Liquor  Hydrar1- 
•a'tie,  Hydrargyri  pernitra'ti*  Liquor, 
>  I'!i.  I).:  Sidution  of  enpernitrate  of  mercury,  So- 
lent oxide  of  meremi    .    I". 
Deiita&zotate    acide  liquide   d*  nitrate 

made  by  dissolving  four  parts 
•  '"•'/  in  eight  <>f  nitric  acid,  and  evaporating 

ilution  to  nine  parts,  has  l o  osed  si  a 

caustic  in   malignant  ulcerations  and   cancerous 
a  tie  ■■:■ 

Vkite  Drop*, — a  once  celebrated  anti- 
scorbutic nostrum,— were  prepared  by  dissolving 
'■id,  and  adding  a  solution  of 
carbonate  tf  ammonia;   or,  frequently,  they  coii- 


f  a  solution  of  sublimate  with  carbonate  of 
ammonia. 

HtdrARGTRI  X:t'i:i<  o-ux'viu  m.  Hydrar'gyri 
oxydum  rttbrum  (Ph.  V.  >.),  Hydra rgynu  nitra'- 
tux  ruber,  Mercu'riua  eorroei'vua  ruber  .-en  pretci- 
pita'tua  corroei'vue  seu  pracipita'tua  rul 
coralli'nue,  Area' man  coralli'uum,  Pufvia  prin'- 
Pracipita'tua  ruber,  Ox'ydum  hydrar'gyri 
comple'tum  sen  hydrargyr'icum;  Panace'a  mercu'- 
rii  rubra,  Pulvia  Joau'uia  de  Vigo,  Oxo'dea  hy- 
drargyri rubrum,  11  -  hydrargyri, 
dum  hydrar'gyri  niPricum  seu  hydrargyri  rubrum 
'ilium  nit'riruni,  Xifrt'r  oxide  of  mercury. 
Red prccip'itate,  (F.)  Oxide  nitrique  de  mercure, 
Precipiti  rouge  on  per  se,  Mercure  corallin,  Nitrate 
de  mercure  rouge.  [Hydrarg.  ^xxxvj:  Acid. 
nitric,  f^xviij:  Aquae  Oij.  Dissolve  the  mer- 
cury with  a  gentle  heat,  in  the  acid  and  water 
previously  mixed,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub 
into  powder,  and  heat  in  a  very  shallow 
till  red  vapourS  cease  to  rise. — Ph.  I".  S.)  It  is 
a  stimulant  and  est  harotic,  and  used  as  such  in 
foul  ulcers,  being  sprinkled  on  the  part  in  fine 
powder,  or  united  with  lard  into  an  ointment. 

Hydrargyri  Oxodf.s  Rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxydi  murias  ammoniacalis, 
Hydrargyrum  prsecipitatum —  h.  Oxydulum  ni- 
grum, 11.  Oxydum  cinereum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Cine'reim,  JEthiopn 
per  se,  Mercu'riu*  niger  Mosea'ti  seu  pracipitaf - 
tus  niger,  Oxydum  hydrar'gyri  nigrum  seu  liy- 
drargyru'aum  seu  hydrargyr'icum  presci pita' turn, 
Oxyd'ulum  hydrar'gyri nigrum,Pulviamercuria'lia 
cine'reus,  Mercuriua  cinc'icus,  Tttrpe'thum  nigrum. 
Gray  or  Black  oxide  <>f  Mercury,  (F.)  Oxide  de 
mercure  cendre,  Oxide  yrix  ou  Ron*  de  mercure, 
Protoxide  de  mercure.  This  oxide  is  made  in 
various  ways.  It  may  be  formed  by  boiling  sub- 
muriate  of  mercury  in  lime  water.  The  dose  of 
this  Pulris  Hydrargyri  cinereue  is  from  two  to 
ten  grains.  There  are  four  other  preparation-  of 
it  in  estimation,  viz: — Plenek'e  solution,  ma 
rubbing  mercury  with  mucilage.  2.  By  rubbing 
equal  parts  of  sugar  and  mercury  together.  3. 
A  compound  of  honey  or  liquorice  and  purified 
mercury.  4.  The  blue  pill,  and  ointment.  All 
these  possess  the  usual  properties  of  mercury- 

The  Hydrargyri  Oxidum  Nigrum  of  the  l'h.  I". 
S.  is  made  as  follows:  —  Hydrarg.  Chlorid.  mit., 
Potaeea,  aa  ^iv.  Aqua  Oj.  Dissolve  the  potassa 
in  the  water,  allow  the  dregs  to  subside,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  solution.  To  this  add  the  chloride, 
and  stir  constantly  till  the  black  oxide  is  formed. 
Pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  black 
oxide  with  distilled  water,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.      Dose,  one  or  two  grains. 

The  Mercuriua  polu'bili*  of  Hahnemann  is 
formed  from  a  black  oxide  of  mercury.  It  is  the 
ifercuriua  aolu'bilia  Hnhnemau'ni,  Oxydum  hy- 
drargyri nigri  median' te  ammo'ni6  ex  protoni- 
tra'te  hydrar'gyri  pra^cipita'tum,  Az'otaa  hydrar- 
gyro'ao-ammo'uicua,  {¥.)  Azotate  de  mercure  <t 
fFammoniaqne,  Oxyde  gria  ou  noir  de  Mercure, 
Prteipite  noir,  Tnrbith  noir,  which  has  been  es- 
teemed, in  Germany  and  France,  as  an  antisyphi- 
litic.  Dose  gr.  1  -5th  to  gr.  i.  It  is  used  in  the 
same  eases  as  the  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

II  vmiAHCViti     OXTDUM     NlORUH,     I!,    oxydum 

cinereum  —  h.  Oxydum  nigrum  mediante  ammo- 
oil  el  proton  it  rate  hydrargyri  prmcipitatum,  see 
II.  oxydum  cinereum —  h.  Oxydum  nitricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 

Htdrarotri  Oxvoim  Rdbruw,  If.  Binox*y- 
dum,  Mercuriua  calcina'tua,  Hydrar'gyrua  calci- 
uatiiM,  (P.)  Oxide  de  Mercure  rouge,  Red  oxide 
i,f  mer'cury.  (Made  by  precipitation  from  a  so- 
lution of  bichloride  of  mercury  by  BolutiOB  of 
Bydrargyri  nitrico-ox  ydura . 

It  is  stimulant  and  escharotic  ;  and,  in   large 


HYDRARGYRI 


4  70 


HYDRARGYRUM 


doses,  emetic.  Owing  to  the  violence  of  its  ope- 
ration, it  is  seldom  given  internally. 

Hydrargyri  Oxyoum  Rdbuum  Per  Acidum 
Nitricum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxy- 
dum  saccharatum,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum  — 
h.  Oxydum  sulphuricum,  Ilydrargyrus  vitriolatus. 

Hydrargyri  Oxymu'rias,  H.  Chlo'ridum  Cor- 
roai'ount  (Ph.  U.  S.),  seu  Bichlo'ridnm  seu  Per- 
mu'rins,  Hydrargyria  muria'tus,  Mu'riaa  hydrar- 
gyri corroii'vus  seu  oxygena'fua  seu  hydrargyri 
ba*i  D.rydi  imperfec'ti  seu  hydrargyri  corrosivum, 
Sublima'tus  corrosivus,  Stiblima'tum  corrosivum, 
Mcrcurias  corrosions  seu  corrosivus  sublima'tus, 
Supermu'rias  hydrargyri,  (F.)  Deutochlorure  ou 
Bichloride  de  mercure,  Muriate  oxygene  de  mer- 
cure,  Sublime  corrosif;  Bichlo'ride  or  Oxymuriate 
or  Corrosive  muriate  of  mercury,  Corrosive  subli- 
mate. {Hydrarg.  Ibij,  Acid.  Sulphur.  Ibiij, 
Sodii  Chlorid.  Ibiss.  Boil  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphuric  acid  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is 
left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  chloride 
of  sodium,  in  an  earthenware  mortar;  then  sub- 
lime with  a  gradually  increasing  heat. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  an  antisyphilitic  eutrophic  in  vene- 
.  real  complaints,  old  cutaneous  affections,  <fcc. 
Gr.  iij  to  Oj  of  water  is  a  good  gargle  in  venereal 
sore-throats,  or  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  applied  in  cases  of  tetter,  and  to 
destroy  fungus,  or  stimulate  old  ulcers.  Dose, 
gr.  1-16  to  gr.  1-8,  in  pill,  once  in  twenty-four 
hours.  White  of  egg  is  the  best  antidote  to  it, 
•when  taken  in  an  overdose. 

The  Yellow  Wash,  Aqua  phagedoe'  nica,  Lo'tio 
Hydrar'gyri  flava,  Phageden'ic  Wash,  is  made  by 
adding  corrosive  sublimate  to  lime-water,  usually 
in  the  proportion  of  fifteen  grains  to  half  a  pint. 
It  is  a  common  application  to  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  Periodidum,  H.  Iodidum  rubrum 
— h.  Permurias,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — h.  Pro- 
to-iodidum,  H.  Iodidum — h.  Proto-iodViretum,  H. 
Iodidum — h.  Proto-tartras,  H.  tartras  —  h.  Prus- 
sias,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Saccharum  vermifugum, 
Hydrargyrum  saccharatum  —  h.  Subchloriuum, 
H.  Submurias — h.  Subiodidum,  H.  Iodidum. 

Hydrargyri  Submu'rias,  H.  Chlor'idum  seu 
Subchlor'idum  seu  Clilor'idum  mite  (Ph.  U.  S.). 
Calom'elas,  Calomel'anos  Torque'ti,  Cdlom'eli, 
Hydrar* 'gyrum  muriat'icum  mite,  Draco  mitign'tus, 
Submit' rias  hydrargyri  mitis,  Shbmu'rias  Hydrar- 
gyri sublima'tum,  Mercn'riii8  dulcis  seu  dulcis  su- 
blima'tus;—  when  precipitated,  M.  dulcis  preci- 
pita'tns,  M.  sublima'tus  dulcis,  M.  Zo'ticus  Hart- 
man'ni, — Panace'a  Mercuria'lis  (when  nine  times 
sublimed),  Marias  hydrargyri  dulcis  subli- 
ma'tus, Aq'uila,  Manna  Metallo'rnin,  Panchy- 
mago'gum  minera'le,  P.  Querceta'nus,  mild  Chlo- 
ride, protochloride,  submuriate,  subchloride,  or 
mild  Muriate  of  Mercury,  Cal'omel,  (F.)  Mercure 
doux,  Protochlorure  de  mercure.  Mild  chloride 
of  mercury  is  thus  directed  to  be  prepared  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States:  —  Mercury, 
Ibiv  ;  Sulphuric  Acid,  Ibiij  ;  Chloride  of  Sodium, 
Ibiss;  Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Boil 
two  pounds  of  the  mercury  with  the  sulphuric 
acid,  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is  left  dry. 
Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  remainder  of  the 
mercury,  in  an  earthenware  mortar,  until  they 
are  thoroughly  mixed.  Then  add  the  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  rub  it  with  the  other  ingredients 
till  all  the  globules  disappear:  afterwards  su- 
blime. Reduce  the  sublimed  matter  to  a  very 
fine  powder,  and  wash  it  frequently  with  boiling 
distilled  water,  till  the  washings  afford  no  precipi- 
tate upon  the  addition  of  liquid  ammonia;  then 
dry  it.  Properties.  Antisyphilitic  and  siala- 
gogue  :  in  large  doses,  purgative.  Dose:  one  or 
two  grains  given  at  night  gradually  excite  ptya- 
lism.  Gr.  v  to  xx,  purge.  Children  bear  larger 
doses  than  adults. 


The  Black  Wash,  Lo'tio  Hydrar'gyri  nigra, 
is  formed  of  calomel,  gij  ;  Lime-water,  Oj.  Used 
for  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  Submurias  AMMONIATDM,  Hy- 
drargyrum pneeipitatum —  h.  Subsulphas  fiavus, 
Ilydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Subsulphas  poroxi- 
dati,  Ilydragyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Sulphas,  Ily- 
drargyrus vitriolatus,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  fiavus. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum  Nigrum,  H.  sid- 
ph ure' turn  cum  sul'phure,  Hydrargyria  seu  Mer- 
curius  cum  sul'phure,  H.  e  sul'phure,  JEthiop* 
minera'lis,  Pn/cis  hypnot'icus,  jUthiops  uarcor- 
icus,  Calom'elas,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  mercure  noir, 
Black  sulphuret  of  mercury,  Sulphuret  of  mercury 
with  sulj>hur,  Ethiops  mineral.  (Hydrarg.,  Sul- 
phur, aa  Ibj.  Rub  together  till  the  globules  dis- 
appear, Ph.  U.  S.).  Used  chiefly  in  scrofulous 
and  cutaneous  affections.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  £ts. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum  Rubrum,  U.  Bi- 
snlphure'tum,  Hydrargyrus  suljjliura'tus  ruber, 
Min'ium  purum  seu  Grano'rum,  Magnet  cpiltp'- 
sia,  Ammion,  Puipuris'sinn,  jlfercurius  Cinua- 
bart'nns,  Cinnab'aris,  Cinab'aris',  Cinaba' rinm, 
Bisulphnret  or  Bed  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  Cin'- 
nabar,  Cin'oper,  Vermil'ion,  (F.)  Sulfure  de 
Mercure  rouge,  Cinabre,  Cinnabre.  [Hydrarg, 
3x1  ;  Sulphur,  jfviij.  Mix  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphur  melted  over  the  fire;  and  as  soon  as  the 
mass  begins  to  swell  remove  the  vessel  from  the 
fire,  and  cover  it  with  considerable  force  to  pre- 
vent combustion.  Rub  the  mass  into  powder  and 
sublime.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  an  antisyphilitic,  but  is  chiefly  used  in 
fumigation  against  venereal  ulcers  of  the  nose, 
mouth,  and  throat; — %ss  being  thrown  on  a  red- 
hot  iron.  This  preparation  is  the  basis  of  a  nos- 
trum, called  Boerhaave's  Bed  Pill. 

Hydrargyri  Supermurias,  H.  oxymurias — h. 
Supernitras,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras. 

Hydrargyri  Tartras,  H.  Proto-tartras,  Tar- 
trate of  Mercury.  Antisyphilitic.  Dose,  one  or 
two  grains  twice  a  day. 

Hydrargyri  et  Arsenici  Iodidum,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Hydrar'gyri  et  Qui'xle  Proto-chlo'ridum, 
Protonhloride  of  Mercury  and  Quinia.  A  com- 
bination of  mild  chloride  of  mercury  and  quinia, 
administered  in  obstinate  cutaneous  diseases. 

HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema,  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRI'ASIS,  Hydrargyro'sis,  from 
'vdpapyvpog,  'mercury.'  A  disease  induced  by  the 
use  of  mercury;  Jlorbus  Mercuria'lis,  (F.)  Main- 
die  Mercurielle.  Poisoning  by  mercury.  Eczema 
mercuriale.  Also,  the  phenomena  produced  by 
mercury  on  the  organism,  Jfercu'rialism,  Mer- 
curialism'us. 

HYDRARGYRICUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYRIUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROSIS,  Eczema  mercuriale,  Hy- 
drargvriasis. 

HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial,  and  Stomatitis,  mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyra- 
natripsis. 

HYDRAR'GYRUM,  Hydrar'gyrus,  from  'viwp, 
'water,'  and  apyvpos,  'silver;'  J/ercu'rius,  Argen- 
tum  vivum  seu  mo'bile  seu  fusum  seu  fugiti'vum 
seu  liq'uidum,  Missadan,  Fumus  albus,  Lorus, 
Area  arcano'rum,  Dce'dalus,  Mater  metallo'rum, 
Mercury,  Quick' silver,  formerly  Argeut-vive,  (F.) 
Mercure,  31.  cru,  Vif  Argent.  A  fluid,  brilliant 
metal;  of  a  slightly  bluish  white  colour;  fluid 
above  — 39°  of  Fahr.  and  under  656°.  S.  g., 
when  liquid,  13.568  (Cavendish);  easily  oxydized. 
Metallic  quicksilver  does  not  act  on  the  body, 
even  when  taken  into  the  stomach.  When  oxy- 
dized, and  combined  with  acids,  it  acts  powerfully. 
It  has  been  exhibited  in  cases  of  constriction  of 
the  bowels  and  in  intussusception,  from  a  notion 


II  V  1  >  11  A  B 


47  1 


II Y  D  R  E  L 


that  it  must  certainly  pi-  the  bowels  by 

.  in  which  mercury  has 
been  boiled,  has  been  recommended  as  a  vermi- 
fuge; bat  it  probably  enjoys  no  such  property,  as 
ehemieal  testa  da  not  exhibit  the  presence  of  the 
metal.  When  the  erode  metal  is  distilled  in  an 
itort,    it   forma    the    Hydrar'gyrutn  puri- 

I  ;:iM      AmMOXJATO-MoRIATK  I 

i  niim—  h.  Amtuoniatum,  11.  prscuipitatuin 

..latum.  Ilydrargyri  iudidum  rubruua— h. 

mi  cum  kali  i  iodato,  Potassii  bydrargyro- 

iudidum — h.  Borussicum,  Hydrargyri  eyanuretum 

— ii.  Cyanegenatum,  Hydrargyri  eyanuretum. 

H  vi.i;  vi:.;vi:i  m    COM    CRBTA     (I'll.    Y.    S.I.    ////- 
•  -;,  .1/-  rem  ins  alkalisn'li 
ith     cknlk,    j&'thiops    alcalisa'tus, 

V .     Mercun    aoee  /•<   crate.     {Hydrarg, 
O'&parat.  gv.     Rub  them   together 
till  the  globules  disappear.     Ph.  0.  B.)     A  pro- 
■  i   mercury,  formed   by    trituration   with 
ite  of  lime.     It   is    somewhat  uncertain  ; 
and  consequent!)  not  much  employed  a-  a  mer- 
curial.    It  j  properties  of  the  black 
:  mercury,  and  may  he  advantageously  ex- 
hibited in  eases  of  diarrhoea  in  children,  depend- 
ent ut>  n  acidity  and  vil  tions.     Dose, 
gr.  v  to  ^<s.  twice  a  .lay.  in  any  viscid  suhstai.ee. 
II  rDRARGYRGM  CUM   Magxb'bia  ..;'  the  Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia  resembles  it  in  properties. 

HTBB  IRGYRl  M  H  vi>i:o.  v  v\it  i  H,  I  ly  drargy  ri 
eyanuretum — b.  Io. latum.  Hydrargyri  iodidum — 
li.  [odatura  cum  eblorido  Mercurii,  Mercury,  io- 
dide of  chloride  of — b.  I. ..latum  Savum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — h.  lodatum  rui.rum.  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rui.rum  —  h.  Iodidulatum,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  —  h.  Muriaticum  Mite,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
■rarias — h.  Nitricum,  Hydrargyri  nitras — h.  Pe- 
riodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum. 
Hydrargyrum  Pr^bcipita'tum,  //.  ammonia'- 

turn  (I'h.  U.  S»)j  //•  ammonia  to-muriat'icnm,  Hy- 

ri    ammo'nio-chla'ridum,    Mercurius    cos- 

■  ,  Mu'rias  oxidi  hydrargyri  nmmoniaca'Hs, 

M.    hydrar'gyri  sub-oxygena'tus  prcecipitatio'ne- 

i,     Submu'rias     ammoni'aco—hydrargyr'i- 

eae,     -N'.    Hydrargyri    ammoniatam    seu     I'rcp.ci- 

pita'tnm,    C<tlx  Hydrargyri  alba,   Pracipita'tum 

allium,     Ammo' nio-chloride    <<f    Mercury,     White 

.;'  Mercury,    White  preeipitui 
eiua'tum  majus  Pote'rii,  (F.)  Souemuriati 

\    icipiU    ou    Pricipiti    blanc      [Hydrarg, 
chivrid.  corros.  gvj  :  aqua  destillat.  cong.,  Liquor 
mmmonim,  f^viij.     Dissolve  the  chloride  in  the 
ivith  the  aid   of  heat,  and   to   the   solution, 
when    cold,  add  the  solution    of  ammonia,  fre- 
quently stirring.     Wash   the  precipitate  till  it  is 
i  dry  it  —Ph.  T. 
roxide,  combined  with  muriatic  aoid  end 
ammonia,  forming  a  triple   salt.     It    is  used  in 
destroy    vermin :   and,   united    with 
Urd,  for  the  same  purpose,  as  well   as  in   scabies  i 
and  some  other  cutaneous  affections. 

Hyprargyrom  Saccrara'tom,  JFihiopa  sac-  l 
tmara'tus,   Mereu'rius  eaechnra'tus,   Ox'idum  hy- 
drargyri  sacchara' turn,    Sac' char um    hydrargyri 

fum.      A  mild  mercurial    formula  in 
ralof  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe; 
formed   by   triturating  one  part   of  mercury   with 
whits  sugar.     It  is  used  in   the   \ 

>  m,  Hydrargyri  cyanu- 
retum. 

HYDB  ^RGYRUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

Il'i     HAROYROa     Icbta'tus,  Sperma   mereu'rii, 

n'rii,  Mercurius  aeeta'tus,  Hy- 

Aet  fas  seu    Protn-aee'i  • 

<lf<r<i  ,,/■  mercury.     This  was   the 

■  lis,  and  was  once  much  eele- 

.  ai  the  euro  of  the  venereal  disease.      The 


frnm    three  to   five  grains,   but    it   is  not 
much  used. 

The    formula    for    Keystr's   anti-venereal  pill* 
-   follows:  —  Hydrarg.  Acet.%\r\   Manner, 
Drag,  >p  s.     To  be 


5xmj  Amyt.  51J 


3/i 


made  into  pills  of  j;r.  vj  each.     l>..se.  two  pills. 

Hydra royrds  Calcihatus,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  rubrum' — -h.  cum  Creta,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
cretfi  —  h.  Muriatus,  Hydrargyri  uxymurias  —  b. 
Nitratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  uitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  b  Phosphora'tus,  Pkosphuret'tetl 
nun  nil/.  This  preparation  has  been  recom- 
mended in  case-  of  inveterate  venereal  ulceife, 
but  is  now  scarcely  used. 

HYDRARGYRU8  St  l. fin  RBT1  B  Rl  Bl  R,  Ilydrar- 
gyri  sulphuretum  rui.rum  —  b.  cum  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum — h.  e  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  Bulphuretum  nigrum. 

Hydrargyrub  \"  11  i:i<ii..\ '  1 1  s,  Tnrpt'thnm  mi- 
uera'le,  Mercurius  emetficus flatus  seu  cans'tiens 
Aavus  sen  lu'tt  "",  Hydrargyri  sulphas  sen  sulphas 
flavus  (Ph.  I'.  S.),  Subsulphas  Hydrargyri Ji Unit-, 
Oxydum  hydrargyri  sulphn'ricum,  Hubsufphas 
hydrargyri peroxida'ti,  (n/.r  mereu'rii  vitriola'ta, 
Turbith  min'eral,  (F. )  Sous-sulfate  de  mercure  ou 
turbith  minfral.  [Hydrarg.  ,^i\;  Acid.  Sulph. 
5vj.  Mix  in  a  glass  vessel,  and  boil  in  a  -.11,  l- 
bath  till  a  dry,  white  mass  remains.  Rub  this 
into  powder,  and  throw  it  int..  boiling  water. 
Pour  off  the  liquor,  and  wash  the  yellow  preci- 
pitated powder  repeatedly  with  hot  water:  then 
dry  it — l'h.  V.  S.)  Two  grains  of  this  mercurial 
a.'t  on  the  stomach  violently.  It  is  Sometimes 
recommended  as  an  errhine  in  amaurosis. 

HYDRARTHR'ON,  Hydrarthros. 

HYDRARTHROS,  Hydrarthros. 

HYDRARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthros. 

HYDRAR'THRUS,  Hydarthrns,  If.  eynovia'- 
h's,  Hydrops  articufo'rnm,  Hydrarthron,  Hydt 


thros.  .'/•  lice'ria,  S, 


•j)in< 


rento'sa  of  Khazcs  and 


Avicenna,  Artkri'tis  Hydrar'thros,  Hydarthro'ei*, 
Hydrarthrosis,  Emmyxfium  articula'ri,  Tumor 
albus,  White  swelling  j  from  'vruip,  'water,'  and 
apSpov,  i  a  joint.'  (F.)  Tumeur  blanche,  T.  lyvi- 
phatique  de*  articulations.  The  French  surgeons 
apply  the  term  Hydrarthrus  to  dropsy  of  the  ar- 
ticulations. White  swelling  is  an  extremely  for- 
midable disease.  It  may  attack  any  one  of  the 
joints;  but  is  most  commonly  met  with  in  the 
knee,  the  haunch,  the  foot,  the  elbow,  and  gene- 
rally occurs  in  scrofulous  children.  It  consists, 
at  times,  in  tumefaction,  and  softening  of  the 
soft  parts  and  ligaments,  which  surround  the 
joints;  at  others,  in  swelling  and  caries  of  the 
articular  extremities  of  bones:  or  both  these 
stat.-  may  exist  at  the  same  time.  The  treat- 
ment eonsists  in  the  employment  of  counter-irri- 
tants: the  use  of  iodine  internally  and  externally, 
»tc.     Also,  Synovia. 

HYDRASTIS  EXPAN'SA,  Great  fresh  water 
Tortoise.  Ou  the  sandy  hanks  of  rivers  in  Peru 
this  animal  buries  its  eggs,  from  which  the  Indians 
extract  oil.  Its  flesh  BUpplies  well-flavoured  food. 
— Tschndi. 

HYDRASTIS,  II.  Canadensis. 

HydrA8'tj8  Caradrm'sis,  Hydrastis,  (perhaps 
from  'lYuip,  'water.'  and  i\./<juj,  'I  am  active.') 
Warnera  Canaden'sis,  Hydrophyll'um  verum, 
Cana'dian  Hydrastis,  Villi, n-  Root,  Orange  /{out, 
)'-/lmr  Pnccoon,  dm  mi'/  Rasp'bcrrv,  Yellow 
I'nliit,  Golden  Seal,  Fn'dian  Paint,  Byebalm, 
Nut.  Ord.  Rannnculacesa.  It  is  used  in  Ken- 
tucky as  a  'mouth  water,'  and  RJ  an  outward  ap- 
plication in  wounds  and  local  inflammations. 

HYDRA'TION.  Hydra' tio,  from  (»oma,  'water.' 
[mpregnation  or  moistening  with  water:  as  Hy- 
drate" means  impregnated  or  moistened  with 
water. 

II  YD  It  EL  JE'  ON,  Hydrola'um,  from    'v6up, 


HYDRELYTRON 


472 


HYDROCEPHALUS 


'writer,'  and  eXatov,  'oil.'  A  mixture  of  water 
and  oil. 

HYDRELYTRON,  see  Hydrocele. 

HYDREMA,  (Edema. 

HYD  REN  CEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
terims. 

HYDRENCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
terims. _ 

HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE,  Hxjdrocephalo- 
cf'le,  from  'uewp,  'water,'  eyK£<paXug,  'the  ence- 
phalon/  and  k>]Xt],  'rupture,  protrusion.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  there  is  a  fissure  of  the  cranium, 
the  integument  of  the  head  being  present,  and 
forming  a  hernial  sac  in  which  the  brain  lies  out- 
fide  the  skull — the  sac  containing  a  large  quan- 
tity of  serous  fluid.  Also,  Hydrocephalus  chro- 
nieus. 

HYDRENCEPHALON,  see  Hydrocephalus 
chronicus. 

HYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from  <v6wp,  'water,' 
syKEQaXos,  'the  brain,'  and  eitios,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  hydrencephalus.  Hydrenccph'aloid 
disease,  Spu'rious  hydrocephalus,  Pseudo-ence- 
pknli'tis.  Disorders  of  the  bowels,  and  exhaus- 
tion in  children,  are  at  times  attended  with  hy- 
drencephaloid  symptoms. 

HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
ims. _ 

IIYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from  <vSwp,  'water,' 
tv+Epov,  '  intestine.'  and  KrjXrj,  '  a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  the  sac  of  which  encloses  fluid. 

HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrente- 
rom'phalus,  from  'voup,  'water/  tvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine,' oficpaXog,  'umbilicus,'  and  K-nXn,  'rupture.' 
Umbilical  hernia  with  intestine  and  water  in  the 
sac. 

II YDRE NTEROMPHALUS,  Hydrenterom- 
phalocele. 

HYDREPIGASTRIUM,  see  Ascites. 

HYDREPIPLOCE'LE,  from  'v&up,  'water,' 
tmxXoov,  '  omentum,'  and  KnXrj,  'rupture.'  Omen- 
tal hernia,  with  water  in  the  sac. 

KYBRE?IPLOWPH.AL\JS,HijdrepipIompha- 
loce'le,  from  'u<3a>p,  '  water,'  ewtirXoov,  'omentum/ 
and  ofi(pa\oi,  'umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  with 
omentum  and  water  in  the  sac. 

HYDRETRUM.  Ascites. 

HYDRIASIS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATER,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICA  ARS,  Hydrosudotherapeia; 

HYDRIATRICUS.  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRUS,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIODAS  KALICUS,  see  Potassse  hy- 
driodas. 

HYDRIODIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hydriodic. 

HY'DRO'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ida,  Boa,  Planta 
voctis,  from  'vbwp,  '  water.'  An  affection,  which 
consists  in  an  accumulation  of  water  or  serous 
fluid  under  the  epidermis.  Some  have  used  hy- 
dro a  synonymously  with  sudamina  ;  others  with 
pemphigus.  In  the  first  case,  it  has  generally, 
however,  been  written  hidro'a,  from  'idpuis, 
'  sweat/  and  in  the  latter  hydro' a.     See  Hydatid. 

HYDROS' MI  A,  Hydremia,  Hcemyd'ria  ; 
from  'vSwp,  'water/  and  'aipa,  'blood.'  Anaemia. 
The  state  of  the  blood  in  which  the  watery  con- 
stituents are  in  excess. 

HYDROAEROPLEURIE,  Hydrcpneumo- 
thorax. 

HYDROA'RION,  Hydrooph'oron,  Hydrob- 
phor'ia,  Hyd,o'd'rium,  Hydrobva'  rium,  Hy' drops 
vva'rii,  Asci'tes  ovarii,  A.  sacca'tus,  (F.)  Hydro- 
pisie  de  Vovaire,  from  'voiop,'  water/  and  uapiov, 
'  ovarium/     Dropsy  of  the  ovarium. 

HYDROATA,  Sudamina. 

HYDROBLEPH'ARON,  Ily' drops  PaVpebra, 


|  Iilepharoedc' ma  aquo'sum,  (Ede'ma  palpebra- 
rum. An  oedema  or  watery  swelling  of  the  eye- 
lids ;  from  'v6o)p,  'water/  and  BXcpnpov,  'eyelid.' 

HYDROCACHEXIA,  Leucophlegmatia. 

HYDROCARDIA,  Hydroperieardium,  see  Pe- 
ricardium. 

HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS,  Hydrocatar- 
rhoph'ia,  from  'vSwp,  '  water/  and  Karappoipuv,  'to 
sip  up.'     Absorption  of  water  from  without. 

HYDROCELE,  Hydrops  Scroti  BCU  testicnlo'- 
runif  Hydroscheoee'le,  Hydatoce'le,  Hydros' cheum$ 
Hydror'chis,  Hydroscheonie,  (Alibert,)  from  'v<5wp, 
'water/  and  kkXtj,  fa  tumour.'  A  term  gene- 
rally applied  to  a  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  areolar  textur*  of  the  scrotum  or  in  some 
of  the  coverings,  either  of  the  testicle  or  sper- 
matic cord.  To  the  first  of  these  varieties  the 
names  —  External  Hydrocele,  II.  ademato'des, 
(F.)  H.  par  infiltration  have  been  given  ;  and  to 
the  second,  those  of  Hydrocele  inter'  na,  H.  tu'- 
niccs  vagina'lis  tes'tis,  HydreV ytron,  (F.)  II.  par 
epanchement.  When  the  collection  occurs  in  the 
envelope  of  the  testicle,  it  is  called  H.  of  the 
tunica  vaginalis;  and  the  epithet  congenital  is 
added,  when  the  interior  of  the  membrane,  in 
which  it  is  situate,  still  communicates  freely  with 
the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  When  it  exists  in  the 
spermatic  chord,  it  is  called  encysted,  or  diffused 
Hydrocele  of  the  spermatic  cord,  as  the  case  may 
be.  The  tumour  of  the  distended  scrotum  is  ob- 
long: greater  below  than  above;  indolent  and 
semi-transparent.  When  it  becomes  inconve- 
niently large,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated  by 
puncturing  with  a  trocar,  but,  as  it  collects 
again,  this  operation  can  only  be  considered 
palliative.  The  radical  cure  consists,  usually,  in 
injecting,  through  the  canula  of  the  trocar,  which 
has  been  left  in,  after  puncturing,  some  irritating 
liquid,  as  wine.  This  is  kept  in  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  withdrawn. 
The  coat  inflames;  adhesion  takes  place,  and  the 
cavity  is  obliterated. 

Hydrocele  of  the  Neck.  A  tumour,  filled 
with  a  watery  fluid,  occupying  some  portion  of 
the  neck. 

Hydrocele  Peritonei,  Ascites  —  h.  Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 

HYDROCENO'SIS,  from  'v&ap,  'water/  and 
ksvwois,  '  evacuation.'  The  evacuation  of  water 
morbidly  accumulated  in  the  body. 

HYDROCEPHALE,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCEPHALE  AIGUE,  Hydrocephalus 
internus. 

HYDROCEPHALICS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDROCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCEP HALOCELE,  Hydrencephalo- 
cele. 

HYDROCEPHAL OECTAS1E,  Hydrocepha- 
lus chronicus. 

HYDROCEPHALUS,  Hydroccjih'alum,  Hy- 
drocra'nia,  Hydrocra'nium,  HydrocephaV ium, 
Hydroceph'ale,  Hydrops  Cap'itis  seu  Cer'ebri, 
from  'vSu)p,  'water/  and  KecpaXv,  'the  head.' 
Water  in  the  head,  Dropsy  of  the  head.  Dropsy 
of  the  brain.  A  collection  of  water  within  the 
head.     It  may  be  internal  or  external. 

Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H.  internus  —  h. 
Acutus  senum,  Apoplexy,  serous  —  h.  Adnatus, 
see  H.  chronicus — h.  Congenitus,  see  H.  chronicus 
—  h.  Externus,  H.  chronicus  —  h.  Meningeus,  H. 
internus. 

Hydrocephalus  Chron'icus,  Hydrencepha- 
loce'le,  Hydrops  Cap'itis  seu  arachuoideo?..  Hy- 
drocephalus externus,  (F.)  Hydrociphale,  Hydro- 
cephaloectasie  of  some,  may  exist  at  birth.  Hy- 
\  dreuceph'alon,  Hydrocephalus  conqen'itns  seu 
I  adna'tus  commonly  commences  at  an  early  period 


IIYDROCirAMAIMELUM 


■1  7  3 


HYDRO-EXTERO 


of  existence,  mi  1  the  accumulation  of  fluid  gradu- 
ally produces  distension  of  the  brain,  and  of  the 
skull,  with  separation  of  the  sutures.  It  oom- 
Btonly  proves  fatal  before  puberty. 

Btdrocbphalus  Bztbrjti  9,  CKcWma  eap'itie, 
i  -  ime,  La  ■  more  infiltration  into 

■  >ui  oellnlar  tissue  of  the  cranium. 
i  \i  03    [xtbr'hi  b,    //    '      epk'alua 
din  tif  Beu  /."  itiiiif'm,   Hydrop*  cer'ebri, 

fia  hydrop  tto'ria, 

i  Beu   Meningi'tia   In/an' turn   -• 
lal'ica,   MorbtiA  cerebra'lit   Whyt'i 

p'yra      Tnfan'tum,      Hydrophlogo'tit 
phaloch'yaie,  Phre- 
•     hydrocephal' ica,    Hydrencepk'alut,    ////- 
.    Uydrencephal'ium,   Hydrocepha- 
■     . 
ephal'icn.     Cant*    hydroceph'alue,     Water 
.    V.)  Hydroctpho.lt 
ai'/nr.  I  brale  dee  Enfant,  is  generally 

r  ling   to    modern    observers,  in  the 
:  ad  surface  of  the  encephalon,  and  is  a 

tuber' culm-  meninji' tin,  Meningi'ti*   tuberculoma, 
G   an'ular  or    Scrophu'lous 
■  -.    F. )  Miningite  tuberculeuee  on  granu- 
die.  —  Piorry.     It  is   ob 
particularly  in  childhood.    Its  march  is  extremely 
ry  rapid ;  admitting,  generally, 
however,  of  division  into  three  stages.    The  symp- 
tge  are  tliose  of  general  febrile 
irritation,  with  head-ache,  intolerance  of  light  and 
sound,  delirium.  Ac.     Those  of  the  teetmd,  which 
l  iy  denote  that  the  inflammation  has  ended 
in  effusion,  are.  great  slowness  of  pulse,  crying  out 
jis   if  in   distress,  moaning,  dilated   pupil,  squint- 
•.  :    and   lastly,   in   the  third  stage  —  pro- 
fundi stupor,  paralysis,  convulsions,  involuntary 
evacuations,  quick  pulse,  and  frequently  death. 
The  dii  uncertain  duration  j  sometimes, 

ring  in  two  or  three  days;  at  otfa 
tending  to  two  or  three  weeks.     The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.     The  treatment  must  be  active 
during  the  st:i_'e  of  excitement,  —  precisely  that 
which  ■  in  phrenitis.     In  the 

the  indication  is; — to  promote  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  effused  fluid.      Tins   must  he  done  by 
counter-irritants,  and  mercury,  chiefly.     On  dis- 
oerally  found  in  the  ventricles, 
or  at  the  base  of  the  brain  :  or  there  are  evidences 
of  previous  vascular  excitement,  as  effusions  of 
.ihle  lymph,  a.-. 
Htdrocbphald8   Spurius,   Hydrenoephaloid, 

BYDROCBAMAIMELUM,  Infusnm  anthemi- 

BYDROCBEZIA,  Diarrhoea  serosa. 
HTDROCHLORATE  D'OR,  we  Gold. 
HYDB  OCH  LOR  [NAS  NATRICUS,  Soda, 
mnrial 

BYDROCBOLECYSTIS,   Turgcscentia    vesi- 
lesB. 

HYDR0CB'Y8ES,   Gk    Rydroehysen.from 

■  water.'  and  vvvi;,  'effusion.'    A  family  of 

•rding  to  the  classification  of  Puchs, 

in  which  thei  'i  effusion  of  serous  fluid. 

ipoptaxy,  bydroeephali 

BYDROCIRSOCE'LE,    ffygrorir 

■    •  varix,'   and 
AfjArj,  'tumour.'      A    tumour,   formed   by  1 

•II  of  the  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord, 
aulation  of  serous  fluid  in  the 
scrotum. 
BYDROC0SL1  \.  \- 
BYDROCONIUM,  Bath,  shower. 
■TYDROCOTTLE  AS]  LT'IC  l.Corfwo* 
r7'"''"  fwort.      Order,  Umbelli- 

mt  of  India,  Cat*  ol 


and  Jamaica,  where  it  is  supposed  to  he  possessed 
of  astringent  and  diuretic  properties.  The  leaves 
are  applied  to  bruised  parts  to  prevent  inflamma- 
tion. The  Hydrocotyle  has  recently  been  ex- 
tolled, in  India,  as  a  remedy  lor  lepra. 

HroROOOT/TLfi  <i:m  i.i.'i.  a.     A  South  African 

plant,  the  roots  and   stalks   of  which    arc   astrin- 
gent; and  used  in  diarrho  a  and  dysentery. 
BtBROCOTYLE    QmBELLATOM,  Acarieoba. 

HYDROCRANIA,  Hydrocephalus. 
BYDROCRANIUM,  Hydroceph 
HYDROCRITHE,  Decoctum  Bordei 
BYDROCYAN'IC  ACID,  Ac"!,/,,,,,  Hydrocy- 
ini'iriim  ;  from  'vruip,  'water,'  and   «d.jio>,  'blue. 
Aeid,   Ae"idum  Pntefeicum    sen  Borne' - 
*;<■,,, n  Beu  Zobt'icilm  sen  Zootin'icttm,  Oyaitohy'- 
dric    or   Cyanhy'dric   Aeid,   (P.J   Acid*    Hydro- 
cyaniqne  on    Prueeique.      This    acid    exist-   in  a 
great  variety  of  native  combinations  in  the  vege- 
table kingdom,  and  imparts   to  them  certain  pro- 

which  have  been  long  known  u 
teemed:  as  in  the  bitter  almond,  cherry  laurel) 
leaves  of  the  peach  tree,  kernels  of  fruit,  pip*  of 
apples,  tic.  When  concentrate, I,  it  is  liquid,  co- 
lourless, of  a  strong  smell  and  taste,  at  first  cool, 
afterwards  burning.  Its  s.  g.  at  7°  Centigrade,  is 
0.7058.  It  is  very  volatile,  and  enters  into  ebul- 
lition at  SO0  Fahr.  It  speedily  undergoes  de- 
composition, sometimes  in  less  than  an  hour,  and 
consists  of  a  peculiar  gazeous  and  highly  i;i flam- 
mable compound  of  carhon  and  asote,  to  which 
the  name  Cyan'ogen  has  heen  assigned:  and  of 
hydrogen,  which  acts  as  the  acidifying  principle: 
hence  its  name  Hydrocyanic  acid.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  (1851,)  two  for- 
mula' for  the  preparation  of  the  Ac"idnm  hydro* 
cyan'icum  dilu'tum  —  Ac"  id,,m  hydroeyan'ieum, 
Ph.  U.  S.  of  1S42  —  are  given;  the  one  from  the 
Ferro-cyrtnuret  of  Potassium  ;  the  other  from  the 
Cyannret  of  Silver.  According  to  Magendie,  the 
acid,  prepared  after  Scheele's  method  —  the  one 
in  common  use — is  of  irregular  medicinal  power: 
he.  therefore,  recommends  Gay  Lussac's  acid, 
diluted  with  0  times  its  volume,  or  S.5  times  its 
weight  of  distilled  water,  for  medicinal  pu 
and  this  he  calls  Medic"inal  Prneeie  Acid.  Dr. 
Ure  has  proposed,  that  the  specific  gravity  should 
indicate  that  which  is  proper  for  medicinal  exhi- 
bition :  and,  after  comparative  experiments  of  the 
gravity  of  the  acids,  obtained  by  different  pro- 
it  the  aeid.  usually  pri  - 
is  of  s.  g.  I). H'li;  or  0.997.  (Jreat  caution  is,  how- 
ever, necessary.  One  drop  of  pure  prussic  a-id 
may  instantly  destroy,  and  the  animal  show 
hardly  any  traces  of  irritability,  a  few  momenta 
after  death.  It  has  heen  advised  in  laryngeal 
phthisis,  in  pulmonary  phthisis,  pulmonary  in- 
flammation and  irritation,  dyspepsia,  uterine  affec- 
tions, hectic  COUgh,  cancer,  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  mania,  and  as  a  local  remedy  in  impetiginous 

us;  hut.  although  possessed  of  powerful 
sedative   properties,  it  i~  bo  unmanageable   and 

the  preparation   so  uncertain,  that  it  is  not  much 

:  Scheele's  Add,  or  of  the  Me- 
dicinal PrHteio  Acid,  is  from  a  quarter  of  a  -Hop 
to  two  drops. 

BYDROCYS'TIS,    from     '.ccp.    'water.'     and 
averts,  'a  bladder.1      A   eyst  containing  a  watery 

or  serous  fluid.  An  hydatid.  Also,  saccated 
ascites. 

RYDRODERM  \.  Anasarca. 

BYDRODES,  Aqueous. 

BYDR0D1  IRRBCEA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 

BYDRCEDEMA,  (Edema. 

//  YDRO-ENCE'PHALORRH£e,  Apoplexy, 

scroti-. 

HYDRO -ENTERO-BPIPLOCE'LE,   Hydro- 
epiplo-enteroee'fij    from    'irujp.    'water,1 

'intestine,'     and    l-i-Xuov     'omentum.'     Eutero- 


HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMPHALUM     4  7  4 


HYDROPATHIC 


epiplocele,   the  sac   of  which   contains   a  serous 
fluid. 

HYDRO-EXTE  RO-EPIPLOM'PHALUM. 
from  'vSwp,  'water.'  evrepov,  '  an  intestine,'  w«- 
->oov,  '  the  caul,'  and  o/«/<aAoc,  'the  navel.'  Um- 
bilical hernia,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine, 
epiploon,  and  scrum. 

HYDRO-BNTKROM'FHALUM,  Hydrente- 
rom'pkalum  :  from  'vtiwp,  'water,'  r.vreiwv,  'an  in- 
testine,1 and  oix<p<i\os,  'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia 
umhilicalis,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine 
and  serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  Wcop,  <  water,' 
tznzXoov,  'omentum,'  and  10/A17,  'a  tumour.'  Her- 
nia, formed  by  omentum,  the  sac  of  which  eon- 
tains  serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLO  EXTEROCELE,  Hydro- 
entero-epiplocele. 

HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM.  from  'vSup, 
'w;iter,'  £-i-\oov,  'the  omentum.'  and  oficpa'Xos, 
'the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  the  sac  of 
which  contains  epiploon  and  serum. 

HY'DR.OG'ALA,  from  'vou>p,  'water,'  and  ya\a, 
'milk.'  A  mixture  of  water  and  milk. 
HYDROGASTER,  Ascites. 
HY'DROGEX,  Hydrogen' i  urn,  Inflam'mable 
air.  Phlogis'ton,  Princip'ium  hydrogenet'icum  seu 
ft  yd  rot' iciun,  Mephi'tis  inflammab'ilis,  (F.)  Hy- 
droijene,  Air  inflammable,  Gaz  des  baffons,  from 
rv8u>p,  'water,'  and  ytweua,  'I  produce.'  This 
gas,  when  breathed,  proves  fatal  from  containing 
no  oxygen.  When  diluted  with  two-thirds  of  at- 
mospheric air,  it  occasions  some  diminution  of 
muscular  power  and  sensibility,  and  a  reduction 
of  the  force  of  the  circulation.  It  has  been  re- 
spired in  catarrh,  haemoptysis,  and  phthisis. 

HYDROGEX,  Carbi'RKt'tkd,  fndam'mable  air. 
Fire  damp,  of  miners.  (F.)  Hydrog&ne  carbone" 
ou  proto-carbonS,  Grisov —  obtained  by  pass- 
ing the  vapour  of  water  over  charcoal,  at  the 
temperature  of  ignition,  in  an  iron  tube — has 
been  found  possessed  of  similar  properties,  when 
diluted,  and  has  been  used  in  like  cases. 

Hydrogen;  PitOTOXine  of.  Water. 

Hydrogen,  Sulphuretted.  HydrosulpYuric, 
Snlphhy' drie,  Sttlphohydric  or  Hydrothion'ie  acid. 
Hydrothi'on,  Gaz  hepat'ienm  seu  hydrogen'ium 
sidphiira'tion,  Mephi'tis  hepat'iea,  (F.)  Hydrogene 
sulfa  re,  Acide  ftydrosulfurique,  Air  puant  ou  fte- 
patique,  may  be  disengaged  from  any  of  the  sul- 
phurets  by  the  addition  of  a  strong  acid.  It  is  a 
violent  poison,  but  has  been  recommended  to  be 
inhaled,  diluted,  to  allay  the  increased  irritability 
which  occasionally  exists  after  diseases  of  the 
lungs.     See  Hydro-sulphuretted  Water. 

HYDROGENATION,  see  Hydrogenescs. 

HYDROGENE,  Hydrogen  —  ft.  Carbone  ou 
protocarbonS,  Hydrogen,  carburetted — ft.  Sidfure, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

HYDROGEXESES.  Baumes  gives  this  name 
to  diseases  which  he  fancifully  considers  to  de- 
pend upon  disturbed  hydrogenation.  In  it  he  in- 
cludes intermittent  and  remittent  fevers. 

HYDROGENO  -  SULPHURETUM  AMMO- 
NIACJB  LIQUIDUM.  Ammonias  sulphuretum. 

HYDROGLOSSA,  Ranula. 

HYDROGRAPHY',  see  Hydrology. 

HYDROHEMIE,  Anaemia.  Hydrosemia. 

HYDROHYMEXI'TIS,  Orrhohymeni'tis,  from 
*u<5<i>p,  'Water,'  'v^tjv,  'a  membrane.'  and  his,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  serous 
membrane. 

HYDROHYSTERA,  Hydrometra. 

HYDROLJEUM.  Hvdrelaeon. 

HYDROLAPATHUM.Rumexhvdrolapathum. 

HYDROLATA.  Aqua?  destilla tse. 

IIYDROLATS,  Aquae  destillata?,  Water,  dis- 
tilled. 


HYDRO LE,  Decoction,  Fomentation,  Lotion, 
:  Mucilage,  Potion,  Tisane.     See  Hvdrolica. 

HYDROL'ICA,  (F.)  Hydroliquee,  from  'viap, 
'water.'  Watery  solutions  of  the  active  princi- 
ples of  medicinal  agents.  Those  prepared  by  so- 
|  lution  or  admixture  are  termed,  by  some  of  the 
modern  French  pharmaeiens,  Hydrules  ;  those  by 
distillation,  Hydtolats. 

H  YDR  0 L IQ  UES,  Hydrolica. 
HYDROLFTE,  Decoction.  Mucilage,  Potion. 
HY'DRoL'OGY".  Hydrelog"ia,  from  'vdwp,  '  wa- 
1  ter,'and  Xoyos,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  water. 
!  By  the   term    Medical  Hydrol'ogy  is  meant  that 
:  part  of  physics,  whose  object  is  the  study  of  wa- 
ter, considered  as  it  respects  medicine:  and,  con- 
sequently,   embracing    that    of    mineral    waters. 
\\  Medieal  Hydrog'rapfty  comprises  the  study  of  the 
influence  exerted  by  the  sea  or  by  navigation  on 
||  the  health  of  man. 

HYDROLOTIF,  Fomentation,  Lotion. 
HYDROMA'NIA,    from    >3a>p,    'water,'    and 
jiavia,   '  mania.'     A    name   given    by  Strambi   to 
pellagra,  in  which   the  patient  has  a  strong  pro- 
pensity to  drown  himself. 

HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM,  Hydrops  medias- 

ti'ni.  Effusion  of  serous  fluid  into  the  mediastinum. 

HY'DROMEL,  Hydrom'eli,  from  'ixSwp,  'water,' 

and  fit\i,  'honey/     Aqua  mnlsa,  Meliti'tis,  Mul- 

111.  3/el/ie'rafiim,    Brant/art,  Medo. 


Meli 


U'J'n 


A  liquid  medicine,  prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  honey  and  a  pint  of  tepid  water.  It  is 
used  a's  a  demulcent  and  laxative,  and  is  gene- 
rally known  under  the  names  Simple  fty'dromel. 
Vinous  hy'dromel,  Mead,  Hydrom'eli  vino' sum, 
(Emanel,  is  a  drink  made  by  fermenting  honey 
and  water,  and  is  much  used  in  some  countries. 
As  a  common  drink,  mead  is  often  made  of  honey 
and  some  alcoholic  liquor  well  beaten  together. 
See  Mahogany. 

HYDROMELLE.  A  preparation  formed  like 
the  syrups,  using  hvdromel  in  place  of  sugar. — 
Bcraf. 

HYDROMEXTXGITIS,  Aquo-membranitis, 
Hydrocephalus  in  tenuis. 

HYDROMETER,  Areometer. 

HYDROME'TRA.  Hydrome'tria,  ITydronys'- 
'  tera,  Hydrometreeta'sia,  Hysteri'tes,  Hyitera'de'- 
ma.  Hydrops  u'teri.  from  'vSup,  'water.'  and 
jxrjrpu,  'the  womb.'  Dropsy  of  the  womb.  A  dis- 
ease characterized  by  circumscribed  protuberance 
in  the  hypogastrium, — with  obscure  fluctuation, 
progressively  enlarging,  without  ischnry  or  preg- 
nancy.    If  it  ever  occur,  it  must  be  a  rare  disease. 

HYDROMETRECTA8IA,  Hydrometra. 

H YD R OM  PHALU M .  Hydrops  „ m b ilica'lis, 
E.rom'pftahis  aqiio'su*.  IRr'nia  umbili'ci  aqno'so, 
from  'vcu)i.,  'water,'  and  op(pa\os,  'the  navel.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  the  accumulation  of  serum  in 
the  sac  of  umbilical  hernia  :  or  simply  by  disten- 
sion of  the  navel  in  cases  of  ascites. 

HYDROMYRIX'GA.  Hydromyrinx,  Hydrops 
tym'pani,  from  'vo<oo.  'water,'  and  myrivga  or 
myrinx,  'the  membrana  tympani.'  Dropsy  of  the 
drum  of  the  ear ;  giving  rise  to  difficulty  of 
hearing. — Dyseece'a  hi/drop' ica. 

HYDROMYRIXX.'  Hydromyringa, 

HYTDROXCUS.  Anasarca.  (Edema, 

HYDROXEPHRO'SIS,  (P.)  Hydronfpnro**, 
Hydrorenale  distension,  from  'u<5w/>,  'water.'  and 
v£(ppo<;,  'kidney.'  An  accumulation  in  the  kidney, 
owing  to  the  obstruction  of  the  tubes  of  the  pa- 
pilla?.— Raver. 

HY'DROXOSUS,  Hvdrops. 

HYDROXUSUS.  Hvdrops. 

HYDROOARTOX.  Hydroarion. 

HYDROOPHOROX.  Hydroarion. 

HYDROOVARIUM.  Hydroarion. 

HYTDROPATH'IC.  Hydropath'icus,  Hydriat'- 
ricus,  from  'vdwp,  'water/  and   Kudos,  'disease.' 


HYDROPATHY 


I  75 


HYDROPNEUMOSARCA 


Relating  to  hydropathy  <>r  the  water-enre, — n«  a 
hydropathic  physician,  Hydria'ter,  Hydria'trut. 

HYDROPATHY,  II v  Irosudotberapeia. 

BYDROPEDE'SIS,  from    hthmp%  •water,'  and 
•I    break   out.'     Kphidro'mt,     Excessive 
sweating. 

HYDROPEQE,  Water,  spring. 

BYDROPELTIS  PURPUREA,  Braeenia  hy- 
dropeltis. 

BYDR0PERICARD1  \.  Hvdrnpericsrdivm. 

HYDROPERICARDITIS,  Hydropericardium. 

BYDROPERICAR'DIDM,  ffy  draper  icar'dht, 
Hydropericardi'tia,  from  •vi'uoo.  '  water,'  and  peri- 
tardium  ;  Hydrop*  /'<  riear'dii,  Hydracar'dia, 
■  ■  -.  !■".  ffydropieie  >l» 
de.  This  is  not  a  common  disease.  Pal- 
pitations; irregular  or  intermitting  pulse; 
live   dyspnoea,  amounting   <>t'tin   to   orth 

ari'l  dulness  overs  large  bdsm n  peroussion.  will 

eause  the  pericardium  to  be  suspected.  The  treat- 
ment is  that  of  dropsies  in  general.  It  is,  usu- 
ally, however,  of  the  active  kind. 

HYDROP&RIONE,  from  'vfup,  'water,' irtpi, 
'around,'  and  uov.  '  an  Bgg,  or  ovum.'  The  sero- 
albuminoua  substance,  Becreted  by  the  lining  of 
the  uterus  prior  t<>  the  arrival  of  the  impregnated 
ovum  in  that  cavitv. — Breach et. 

HYDROPERITONEUM,  Ascites. 

Jl  YDROPERITONIE,  Ascites, 

HYDROPHAL'LUS,  from    'vttap,  'water,'  and 
.   '  the   male   organ.'     (Edema   of   the   male 
organ. 

HYDROPHIMOSIS,  Phimosis  cedematodes. 

HYDROPHLEGMASIA  TEXTUS  CELLU- 
L  UtIS.  Phlesmnsia  alba. 

RYDROPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULORUM 
CEREBRI,  Bvdrocephalus  interims. 

HYDROPHOB'IA,  Paraphasia,  Paraphob'ia, 
Phohodip'aon,  Pheu'gydron,  Phengophab'ia,  Cy 
nuly*'$a,  Cynnlya'tum,  Morbut  hydretphob  r'c'M  sen 
lydroph'obn*,  Lycan'che,  Lyr.an'chu,  Aerophob'ia, 
J'liri  ni'tii  latramt,  Lytta,  Lyeea,  L.  eani'ua,  Pan- 
tophobia, Rabiee  cani'na,  Erethit'tnu*  hydropho- 
bia, Claim*  hydrophobia,  Hygrophobia,  Aqua 
Canine  madne**,  Water  fright,  (F.)  Rage; 
fr<>m  *u6mp,  '  water,'  and  <po  to$,  'dread.' 

The  term  Rabiet  is  more  appropriate  for  the 
symptoms  resulting  from  the  hite 
of  rabid  animals.  Hydrophobia  literally  signifies 
■  'dread  of  water;'  and,  consequently,  ought  to 
be  applied  to  one  of  the  symptoms  of  rabies,  rather 
than  to  the  disease  itself.  It  is  a  symptom  which 
appears  occasionally  in  other  nervous  affections, 
is  susceptible  of  spontaneous  development 
in  the  dog,  wolf,  cat,  and  fox,  which  can  thence 
transmit  it  to  other  quadrupeds  or  to  man  :  hut 
it  has  not  been  proved  that  it  can  supervene, — 
without  their  having  been  previously  bitten, — in 

animals   of  other   species;    or  that    the  hitter  can. 

when    bitten,  communicate  it  to  others.     Many 
ief,  that  the  saliva  and  bron- 
chial mucus  are  the  sole  vehicles  of   the  rabid 
virus ;    the  effects    of  which  upon  the  economy 

sometimes  appear  almost  imi liiitely  after  the 

hite.  and  are, at  others,  apparently  dormant  for  a 

rahle  period.     The  chief  symptom! 

i  and  constriction  of  the  throat ; 

re  thirst :    difficult    deglutitii 
for,  and  horror  at.  the  sight  of  liquids  as  well  as 
of  brilliant  objects;  red.  animated  countenance; 
great  nervous  irritability;  frothy  saliva  :  grinding 
of  the  teeth,  .ve.     Deal       10  I  commonly  1 
before  the  fifth  day.     Hydrophobia   has  hitherto 

l    all    therapeutical  means.     Those  which 

all  iy  irritation  are  obviously  most  called  for.      In 

the  way  of  prevention,  the    bitten    part    should 

seised,  wh<  r  tad  can- 


ymptoms  like  those  which  fel- 
low the  bite  of  a  rabid  animal  are  said  to  have 
oome  on  spontaneously.     This  affection  hai 
termed  nervaut  or  apotttatteotu  hydrophobia. 

HYDROPHOBUS,  Lvssodeetoe. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from   V -,./».   'water.' 

and     o^.iA/iOf.      'the      eye.'  ////</  mplithnl '  mux, 

Dropny  <■/  the  eye,  Hydrope  Oc'uti,  UHpthal'mn*, 
Zobphthal'mnt,    Oc'ulne     Bovi'ttus    sen    Bu'bul*t 

sen  El '■  fitum'timix,  Ophthalmopto'tie,  Parop'nit 
Staphyloma  nimpler,  I'.  Hydrophthalmit,  II  - 
dropitie   de    Votil.     This    affection  is  caused,  st 

times,  by  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  ftque- 
OUS,  at  others,  of  the  vitreous,  humour.  In  the 
former  case,  the  iris  is  concave  anteriorly,  aid 
pushed  backwards:  —  in  the  latter,  it  is  convex, 
and  pushed  forwards.  Idoft  commonly,  the  dis- 
•eems  to  depend  on  both  humours  a>  the 
same  time.  Hydrophthaltnia  sometimes  affects 
both  eyes  :  at  others,  only  one.  Children  are 
more  exposed  to  it  than  adults  or  old  persons. 
The  treatment  must  vary  according  to  the  cause  ; 
its  longer  or  shorter  duration:  greater  or  less 
extent,  .ve.  Hence,  according  to  circumstance-, 
bydragogue  medicines,  purgatives,  general  and 
local  blood-letting,  blisters,  setons,  moxa,  cup- 
ping-glasses, fomentations,  collyria,  and  fumiga- 
tions, of  different  hinds,  have  been  employed. 
When  all  means  fail,  and  the  disease  continues 
to  make  progress,  the  fluid  may  he  evacuated,  by 
a  puncture  made  with  a  cataract  needle  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  transparent  cornea 

Htdrophthalmia,   Comical,   Staphyloma    of 

the  cornea. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same  etymon.  An 
oedematous  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  in  hydro- 
pic persons. 

HYDROPHTHALMUS,  Hydroplithalmia— h. 
Cruentus,  Hsemophthalmia. 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VERUM,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 

HYDROPHYSOCE'LE,  Hydropnenmatoce']?, 
from  *v&u>p,  'water,'  tpvea,  'wind,'  and  Ki/^rj.  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  which  contains  a  serous  fluid 
and  gas. 

HYDROPHYSOME'TBA,  from  ««&■»*,  «  wst<  r.' 

Cvaao,  'I  inflate.'  and  utiTun,  'the  womb.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  womb,  in  which  b<  th 
fluid  and  air  are  contained  in  it. 

HYDROP'IC,  Hydrop'icvn,  Hy'phydroe,  Hy- 
der'ictiHy  Hyderu'dee,  Drop'*ical}  (So.)  Edi roppit, 
(V.)  Hydropiqne.  One  labouring  under  dropsy. 
Drop'eied.  Relating  t<>  dropsy.  Also,  an  anti- 
hydropic,  and  a  bydragogue. 

HYDROPIPER,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

HYDROPrSTA.  Hydi 

HYDROPISTE,  Hydrops  —  *.  <I»  Bat-vent,*, 
h.  Cardiaque,  Dropsy,  cardial — //.  Cfrf- 
brale  tvraigtii.  Apoplexy,  serous  —  h.  Hfpatiqn*, 
Dropsy,  hepatic—//,  de  VCEil,  Hydrnphtbalmia— 
A.  ,/■■  rOvaire,  Mydroarion—  h.  dn  Ptricarde,  II  v- 
dropericardiura — h.  dn  Ptritoi  h.  <h% 

f'/.rrex,   Hydrothorax —  /'.  rfe   Poitrine,   Hydro- 
thorax — h.  Rfnale,  Dropsy,  renal — h.  de  I 
cute  dn  Piel,  Turgescentia  vesica?  fellese. 

HYDROPTSIS,  Hydrops — h.  Vera.  Anasarca. 

HYDROPI8MUS.  Hydrops. 

BYDROPLEURIE,  Hydrothorax. 

HYDROPNRUM  ^TOCELE,  Hydrophj 

HYDROPNEUMON,  Hvdropneumonia. 

HYDROPN  EUMO'H  I  A.  Hydrop»ev'mo», 
(Ede'tna  pnlmn'num  chran'iciim,  Hydrops  \ 

i  put  in,' mini  rt  llnlii'xnx,  Antixn r' <  u  pultun' - 
iiiiui,  from  'viutp,  '  water.' and  nvtv^iwi'.  *  flu-  lung.' 
Dropsical  infiltration  of  the  lu  i 

of  the  lungs. 

HYDROPNEUMOS  \K'c  \,  from  '»&**.  'wa- 
ter,' nfivpa,  'wind,  air,'  and  satf,  'flesh.'    An  ah- 


HYDROPNEUMOTIIORAX 


47  6 


HYDRO SARCOCELE 


scess,  containing  water,  air,  and  matters  similar  |j 
to  flesh. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

HYDROPNEUMOTIIO'RAX,  BTydroctgropleu- 

rie,  from  'vdup,  'water,'  vvevpuav,  'the  lung.'  and 
0u>oaf,  'the  chest.'  Pneumothorax  with  effusion 
of'blood  into  the  chest.     See  Pneumothorax. 

HYDROPOI'DES,  from  'u<5u>p,  'water,'  and 
170UU),  '  I  make.'  An  epithet  for  watery  excre- 
tions, such  as  sometimes  take  place  in  hydropics. 
HYDROP'OTA,  Hydrop'otes,  Pota'tor  Aquce, 
from  'vtcjp,  'water,'  and  ^orvg,  'a  drinker.'  A 
v?<tter  drinker.  One  who  drinks  only  water,  or 
drinks  it  in  an  extraordinary  quantity. 

HYDROPS,  from  'v&up,  '  water,'  Phlegmasia, 
Hy'deros,  Affec'tus  hydero'des,  Hydrop'isis,  Hy- 
dropis'ia,  Hydropis'mns,  Hydrop'sia,  Hydror- 
rhoe'a,  Hydror'rhoe,  Hydror' rhoiis,  Polyhy'dria, 
Hydron'osus,  Hydronu'sus,  Dropsy,  Hy' dropsy, 
(Old  Eng.)  Dropyk,  (F.)  Hydrojiisie.  A  preter- 
natural collection  of  a  serous  fluid  in  any  cavity 
of  the  body,  or  in  the  areolar  texture.  "When  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  whole  body  is  more  or  less 
filled  with  fluid,  the  disease  is  called  Anasar'ca 
or  Lencop>hlegma'tia  ;  —  and  when  this  variety  is 
local  or  partial,  it  is  called  (Ede'ma.  The  chief 
dropsies,  designated  from  their  seat,  are  : — Ana- 
sarca, Hydrocejjhalus,  Hydrorachitis,  Hydrotho- 
rax, Hydrojiericardium,  Ascites,  Hydrometra, 
Hydrocele,  &c. 

Encyst'ed  Dropsy,  Hydrops  sacca'tus,  incarce- 
ra'ttts  seu  cys'ticus,  is  that  variety  in  which  the 
fluid  is  enclosed  in  a  sac  or  cyst;  so  that  it  has 
no  communication  with  the  surrounding  parts. 
Dropsy  of  the  Ovarium,  Hydro})s  seu  Asci'tes 
Ofi'rii,  Asci'tes  sacca'tus,  is  an  instance  of  this 
variety. 

Dropsy  may  be  active  or  passive.  The  former 
consists  in  an  increased  action  of  the  exhalants, 
so  that  those  vessels  pour  out  much  more  fluid 
than  is  absorbed  :  the  latter  arises  from  a  state 
of  atony  of  the  absorbent  vessels,  which  allows 
of  an  accumulation  of  fluid.  It  may  also  be  me- 
chanical, or  produced  by  obstructions  to  the  cir- 
culation, as  in  cases  of  diseased  liver.  Active 
dropsy,  occurring  accidentally  in  a  sound  indi- 
vidual, generally  ends  favourably.  That  which 
supervenes  on  other  diseases,  or  is  symptomatic 
of  some  internal  affection,  is  rarely  curable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  all  those 
remedies  which  act  on  the  various  secretions  :  so 
that,  the  demand  being  increased,  the  supply  will 
have  to  be  increased  accordingly;  and  in  this 
manner  some  of  the  collected  fluid  may  be  taken 
up  by  the  absorbents.  To  this  end  bleeding,  if 
the  dropsy  be  very  active;  purgatives,  diuretics, 
sudorifics,  sialogogues,  &c,  are  the  remedies 
chiefly  depended  upon. 

Hydrops  Abdominis,  Ascites  —  h.  Abdominis 
aereus,  Tympanites  —  h.  Abdominis  saccatus,  see 
Ascites  —  h.  Anasarca,  Anasarca  —  h.  Anasarca 
aeutus,  see  Anasarca  —  h.  Arachnoidea?,  Hydro- 
cephalus chronicus  —  h.  Articulorum.  Hydrar- 
thrus  —  h.  Ascites,  Ascites  —  h.  Capitis,  Hydro- 
cephalus. Hydrocephalus  chronicus  —  h.  Car- 
diacus,  Dropsy,  cardiac  —  h.  Cavitatis  colum- 
ns vertebralis,  Hydrorachis —  h.  Cellularis  ar- 
t-nun, CEdema — h.  Cellularis  totius  corporis,  Ana- 
sarca—  h.  Cellulosus,  Anasarca. —  h.  Cerebri, 
Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  internus — h.  Cu- 
taneus,  Anasarca  —  h.  Cysticus,  see  Ascites,  and 
Hydrops — h.  Glottidis,  GEdema  of  the  Glottis — h. 
Ilepaticus,  Dropsy,  hepatic — h.  Incarceratus,  see 
Hydrops — h.  Intercus,  Anasarca — h.  Leucophleg- 
matia,  Leucophlegmatia  —  h.  ad  Matulam,  Dia- 
betes—  h.  Mediastini,  Hydromediastinum  —  h. 
Medullas  spinalis,  Hydrorachis — h.  Matellas,  Dia- 
betes— h.  Oculi,  Hydrophthalmia — h.  Ovarii.  Hy- 
droarion,  see  Hydrops — h.  Palpebral,  Hydroble- 
pharon — h.  Pectoris,  Hydrothorax — h.  Pericardii, 


Hydropericardium — h.  Pleura^,  Hydrothorax — h. 
Pulmonis,  Hydrothorax — h.  Pulmonum,  Hydro- 
pneumonia,  (Edema  of  the  Lungs — h.  Pulmonum 
cellulosus,  Hydropneuinonia — h.  Renalis,  Dropsy, 
renal — h.  Saccatus,  see  Hydrops — h.  Sacci  lacry- 
malis,  Fistula  laorymalis — h.  Scroti,  Hydrocele — 
h.  Siccus  et  flatulentus,  Tympanites  —  h.  Spina1, 
Hydrorachis — h.  Spinas  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis 
— h.  Subcutaneous,  Anasarca — h.  Tolas  cellulosas, 
Anasarca — h.  Testieulorum,  Hydrocele — h.  Tho- 
racis, Hydrothorax  —  h.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  Hy- 
drosalpinx—  h.  Tympani,  Hydromyringa  —  h. 
Tympanites,  Tympanites  —  h.  Umbilicalis,  Hy- 
dromphalum — h.  Uteri,  Hydrometra — h.  Yesicas 
felleas,  Turs^escentia  vesiculas  felleas. 

HYDROPSIA,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPSY,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPYR'ETOS,  from  'vSwp,  'water,'  and 
TvupETog,  'fever;'  Febris  sndato' riu.  Fevtr  with 
sweating.  Hidropyrctos  would  be  more  proper; 
from  'iSpws,  'sweat.'     See  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HYDRORA'CHIS,  from  'w5u>p,  'water,'  and 
pa%is,  'the  spine.'  Hydrorrha'chis,  Hydrora- 
chi'tis,  Hydrorrha'  chia,  J/yeloch'ysis,  Hydrops 
Cavita'tis  Columnar  Yertebra'lis  seu  Spina'  rerte- 
bni'lis  seu  meditl'lcB  spina' lis  seu  spina?,  Hydro- 
ce'le  spina' lis,  Hydrorachi'tis  spino'sa.  An  effu- 
sion of  serum,  often  owing  to  inflammation  of  the 
spinal  membranes  —  myeli'tia  exaudati'va  —  and 
forming  a  soft,  frequently  transparent,  tumour, 
constituted  of  the  membranes  of  the  spinal  mar- 
row, which  are  distended  and  projecting  back- 
wards from  the  vertebral  canal,  the  posterior 
paries  of  which,  when  the  affection  is  congenital, 
is  wanting  to  a  certain  extent  —  Spina  bifida, 
Atelorachid'ia,  Hydrora'chis  dehis'cens  seu  con- 
gen' ita,  Schistorrhu'chis,  Spi'nolit.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  with  paralysis  of  the  lower 
extremities.  It  is  congenital,  and  situate  in  the 
lumbar  or  sacral  regions.  It  is  almost  always 
fatal:  —  the  tumour  rupturing,  and  death  occur- 
ring instantaneously.  On  dissection,  a  simple 
separation  or  complete  absence  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebras  is  perceived,  with,  at 
times,  destruction  or  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  hydrocephalus 
chronicus  ;  and.  as  in  it,  advantage  seems  occa- 
sionally to  have  been  derived  by  puncturing  with 
a  fine  needle. 

HynrtoKACHis  Dfhisoens,  see  Hydrorachis. 

HYDROKACHITIS,  Hvdrorachis. 

HYDRORCIIIS,  Hydrocele. 

HYDRORENALE  DISTENSION,  Hydro- 
nephrosis. 

HYDRORRHACHIA,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis —  h.  Con- 
genita, see  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Dehiscens,  see  Hy- 
drorachis. 

HYDRORRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  serous. 

HYDRORRHOE,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORRHCEA,  Hydrops.  Also,  a  copious 
waterv  discharge, — as  from  the  vagina. 

HYDRORRHOUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORTIIOPNffi'A,  from  fvtwp,  'water,' 
and  opdomoia,  'difficulty  of  breathing,  except  in 
the  erect  posture.'  Orthopneea,  owing  to  a  col- 
lection of  water  in  the  chest. 

HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua  sacchara'ta, 
(F.)  Enu  sneree.     Sugared  water. 

HYDROSALPINX,  Hydrops  tnba'rum  Fallo'- 
pii ;  from  'vi>u>p,  'water,'  and  aa\ny^,  'a  tube.' 
Dropsy  of  the  Fallopian  tube. 

HYDROSAR'CA,  from  ev6up,  'water,'  and  catf, 
'flesh.'  A  tumour  containing  a  fluid,  as  well  as 
portions  of  flesh.     Also,  Anasarca. 

HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  ru<W,  'water,' 
aap^,  'flesh,'  and  ktjXt).  'a  tumour.'  Sarcohydro- 
ce'lc.  A  tumour,  formed  by  a  sarcocele,  compli- 
cated with  dropsy  of  the  tunica  vaginalis. 


IIYDROSCIIEOCELE 


■17  7 


HYGROMA  TRIO  IT18 


HYDROSCHEOCB'LE,    0*  iqmo'ea, 

from    hiiup,    'water,'   mt^cov,    'the    scrotum, 
zcr;Ai7,    'rupture.'     A    collection    of   water    in    the 
scrotum.     Hydrocele. 

11  YDROSCH&ONIE,  iry.lrocele. 

HYDROSCHEUM,  Hydrocele. 

HTDROSIS,  Bidrosia. 

HYDROSTATIC  TEST  OF  INFANTICIDE, 
•imasia — h.  Bed,  Water  bed. 

HYDROSUDOPATHY,  Bydrosudotberapeia 


HYDROSUDOTHEB  U'KIA.      Hydropathy,  ' 
I  ithi'a,  Hydronudop'athy.  Hydri'asis,  Ars 

rica,       Hydriatri'a,      Hydatotherapei'a, 
Hydrotht   ■'!•■  "■<.  Water  cure,  (Q.j  Wasserkur, 

,o.  -water.'  tit  do,  'I  sweat.'  and  8cpartvu>,   i 
*  I  rem    I.e.'     A  badly  compounded  word,  formed 
to  express  tbe  mode  of  treating  diseases  syste- 
matically by  eold  water,  sweating,  a  ■. 

BYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER,  Aqua 
lydrotnlphura'ta  simplex,  A.  hepafica,  |  1 
kydrotulphurSe  ximjilr.  (Sulphuret  of  iron  1000 
parts,  sulphuric  avid  2000  parts,  distilled  water 
|  arts  :  add  the  water  to  the  aeid,  and  put 
the  sulphuret  of  iron  into  a  retort,  to  which  a 
Wolff's  apparatus  of  five  or  six  vessels  is  adapted  ; 
the  last  containing  ahout  an  ounce  of  potassa, 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water.  Pour  the  diluted 
ideally  on  the  sulphuret.  and,  ultimately, 
throw  away  the  water  in  the  last  vessel.  Ph.  P.) 
It  is  stimulant,  diaphoretic,  and  deohstruent  [?], 
and  is  used  in  rheumatism,  diseases  of  the  skin, 
A  •. 

It  has  been,  also,  called  Ac"idum  Hydrothion'- 
icum  liq'uidum. 

BYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMOXTACALE 
AQUOSUM,  Ammonia?  sulpta  are  turn — h.  Ammo- 
niacum,  Ammonias  Bulphuretum. 

HYDROTHER  IPEIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDROTHION,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 
HYDROTHO'RAX,  from  'vSap,  'water,'  and 
QupaZ,  'the  chest.'  Hydrops  Thora'cis  sea  pee'- 
fort's  sen  pulmo'nis  sen  pleural,  Stethoch'ysis, 
Pleurorrhoe'a  lymphat'iea  sea  sero'sa,  Dyspnce'a 
et  Orthopnce'a  hydrothorac"ica,  (F.j  Hydropisie 
<l>  Poitrine  on  d\  -  /'■'■■  •  .  Dropsy  of  the  Cheat. 
Idiopathic  hydrothorax,  termed,  by  Laennec,  Hy- 
dropisie  des  plivres,  Dropsy  of  the  Pleura,  —  by 
Pi"rry.  Hydropleurie,  —  is  a  rare  disease,  and 
difficult  of  diagnosis.  It  generally  exists  only 
on  one  side,  which,  if  the  fluid  effused  be  con- 
siderable, projects  more  than  the  other.  Dysp- 
noea, and  fluctuation  pcrceptihle  to  the  ear,  are 
characteristic  symptoms.  When  the  chest  is 
examined  with  the  stethoscope,  respiration  is 
found  to  he  wanting  every  where,  except  at  tbe 
root  of  the  lung.  The  sound  is  also  dull  on  pcr- 
eussion. 

Effusion  into  the  chest,  as  a  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  some  thoracic  eiscos,  is  a-  common  as 
the  other  is  rare.  It  is  usually  a  fatal  symptom. 
It  has  been  called  symptomatic  hydrothorax. 

In  hydrothorax.  the  course  of  treatment  proper 

in  <lr<>p~i . ■-  in  general  must  be  adopted.     Diure- 

■n.  here,  to  be  especially  useful ;  probably 

on  account  of  tbe  greal  activity  of  pulmonary  ab- 

itesis  can  rarely  be  serviceable. 

HtDROTHORAX     CHTL08US,    Chylothorax  —  h. 

Purolentus,  Empyema. 

BYDROTICA,  Bydragogues. 
HYDRO'  rD3,  f  '  and  ovf,  gen. 

(l'to{,  'the  ear.'     Dropsy  of  the  ear.     Properly, 
nn    accumulation    of   mucous    or    muco-purulent 
the  mi  Idle 
BYDRITRESIS,  Diabetes. 
HYDRUR1  \.  D  Urine. 

HYERES.     Thifl  small  town,  agreeably 
ate  on  the  declivity  of  a  bill,  aboul  two  mi 
the  Mediterranean,  and  twelve  from  Toulon,  is 


the  lea-t  exceptionable  residence  in  Provei 
the  pulmonary  invalid.     It  is  in  some  a 
protected  from  the  northerly  winds  :  but  no1 
ciently  so  from  the  mistral  to  render  it  n  very 
desirable  residence  for  the  phthisical. — Sir  James 
Clark. 

HYOEA,  Bygiene,  Sanitas. 

BYGEIA,  Sanitas. 

HYGEISMUS,  Bygiene. 

HYGEOLOGY,  Bygiene. 

BYG1  INSIS,  Sanitas. 

BYGIASIS,  Sanitas. 

BYG1  VSMA,  Medicament. 

BYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRI'NA.  The  doctrine 
of  health.  The  doctrine  of  the  restoration  of 
health. 

BYG1  \STICI'S,  Salutary. 

HYGIEA,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEIA,  Bygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEINUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEIOLOGIA,  Hygiene. 

HTQIMnE  (F.),  (generally  Anglicised,  Hy- 
giene, and  pronounced  hygeene),  from  'vyuta, 
•health.'  Hygeis'mus,  Hygiei'ne,  Hygie'sis, 
git  i'a  :  Hygie'a,  Hygei'a,  Hygiene,  Hyyien'ies,  He- 
dicina  conservati'va  sen  diasos'tica,  Hygeolog"iu, 
Hygieioloaf'ia.Hygeol'ogy,  Hygiol'ogy ;  from  'vyiris, 
'healthy.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose  object  is 
the  preservation  of  health.  It  embraces  a  know- 
ledge of  healthy  man.  both  in  society  and  indi- 
vidually, as  well  as  of  the  objects  used  and  em- 
ployed by  him,  with  their  influence  on  his  consti- 
tution and  organs.      See  Regimen. 

HYGIEN'IC,  (F.)  Hygiinique.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  Hygiene  —  as  'hygienic  precautions, 
hygienic  rules,'  &c.  &c. 

HYGIENICS,  Hygiene. 

HYQliNIQUE,  Hygienic. 

HYGIEN'IST.  One  who  understands  the 
principles  of  bygiene. 

HYGIERUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIESIS,  Bygiene. 

HYGIOLOGY,  Bygiene. 

HYGRA,   from    'vSo)p,   'water,'  or  'vypos,  'hu- 
mid.'    Liquid  plasters; — Hygremplas'tra. 
BYGRASIA,  Humour. 

HYGREI  BE'MA,    from    'vypos,   'humid,'  and 
iXr^JLn"  'sound;'  Snn'ittu  ftu'idi.     The  sound  of 
Quid,  heard  by  auscultation,  or  otherwise. 
BYGREDON,  Bumour. 
HYGREMPLASTB  \.  Hygra. 
BYGROBLEPHAR'ICr,  from  'vypos.  'humid,' 
and  (t\e$apov,   'eyelid:'    Hygrophthal'miei.     Tbe 
excretory  ducts  of  the  lachrymal  gland  have  been 

so  called. 

HYGROBRONCHIORRHONCHUS, 

qtieitX. 

BYGROCATARAC'TA ;  from  'vypos, 
and  KaTaparnis,  'cataract;'  Cataruc'ta 
Liquid  or  fluid  cataract. 

BYGROCELE,  Bydrocirsocele. 
HYGROCOLLYRIA,  see  Collyrinm. 
HYGROCYSTIS,  Hydatid. 
HYGROL'OGY,  Hygrolog"ia,  from  'vypo 

mid.'  and   \oyos,   'a  discourse.'      The  anatomy  of 
the  fluids  of  tbe  body. 

BYGRO'MA,  from  'vypos,  'humid.'  Tumor 
cys'ticus  sero'su0,  Cys'ii*  sero'sa.     Dropsy  of  the 

In:  -:e    mUOO 

BYGROMET'RIC,  Hygromet'riem,  (F.)  Wy- 
gromitrique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  I;,  la- 
ting  or  appertaining  to  bygrometry. 

HroROMBTRic  Propkrtt  of  an  organised 
1'.    Hygromitriciti,  is  that  by  which  it  gii 
to  the  air,  and  receiver  from  it  moisture  under 

varying  conditions  of  that  medium. 

IIY'.LoMKTllirin':,  Hygrometric  prop- 
erty. 


humid,' 
liq'uida. 


HYG ROME TRY 


478 


HYOIDES  OS 


HYGROM'KTRY,   Hygromet'ria,  Hygroscop'-  \ 
ia  ;  from   'vyoos,   ' humid,'  and  ftTjrpov,  ' measure.'  i 


EYMEXOG'RAPHY,    Hgmenogra'phia,    from 
'vfinv,   'a  membrane,'   and    y/,a£o>,    'I   describe/ 


The  part  of  physic?  which  concerns  the  measure-  ;  That  part  of  anatomy  whose  object  is  the  descrip- 

ment  of  the  dryness  or  humidity  of    the  atmo-     tion  of  the  different  membranes. 


sphere.  It  is  probable,  that  diseases  are  as  fre- 
quently caused  by  the  varying  moisture  of  the 
atmosphere  or  by  changes  in  its  weight  or  tem- 
perature. The  hygrometer  ought,  consequently, 
to  form  part  of  every  apparatus  for  medical  me- 
teorological observations. 

HYGRON,  Liquor. 

HYGROPHOBIA.  Hydrophobia. 

HYGROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  '»ypot,  'humid/ 
and  o^0<i>f/ia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Oph- 
thalmia with  much  lachrvmation. 

HYGROPHTHALMICI,  Hygroblepharici. 

HYGROPISSOS,  see  Pinus  svlvestris. 

HYGROSCOPIA,  Hygrometry. 

HYGROTES,  Humour,  Liquor. 

HYGRUM,  Humour. 

HY'LE.  (v\n,  J/ate'ria.  'Matter.  Wood.' 
teria  Medica  :  also,  the  Philosopher's  stone. 

Ht'ijE  Iatrice.  Materia  Medica. 

HYLTSIS,  Colatio. 

HYLISMUS,  Colatio. 

HYLISTER,  Colatoriura. 

HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  'vXn,  'wood,' 
(f>ayw,  'I  eat.'  One  that  feeds  upon  the  young 
shoots  of  trees,  roots,  &c.  Hylophagous  tribes 
yet  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 

HYMEX,  'vyLTiv,  which  signifies  '  marriage,' 
'nuptial  song,'  'membrane  or  pellicle.'  Claus- 
trurn  seu  Flos  seu  Sigil'lum  seu  Custo'dia  seu  Co- 
bun' na  seu  Zona  virginita'tis,  Flos  virgina'lis, 
Virgin'id,  Oir'cttlus  membrano'sus,  Bncton,  Inter- 
sep'tum  virgina'le,  Cento  virgina'lis,  Argumen'tnm 
Integrita'tis,  Munimen'tum  seu  Zona  Castita'tis, 
Pannic'ulus  hymenal' us  seu  virgina'lis,  JEugion, 
Val'vula  seu  Membran'nla  luna'ta  vaginas,  17/'- 
ginal  membrane.  The  semilunar,  parabolic,  or 
circular  fold,  situate  at  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
vagina  in  virgins,  especially  during  youth,  and 
prior  to  menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordi- 
narily ruptured  by  the  first  venereal  act,  and  is 
effaced  by  accouchement;    some   irregular  flaps 


Ma- 


and 


HYMENOL'OGY,  Hyntenolog"iai  from  v^v, 
'a  membrane,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  membranes. 

1IYMEN0PHTHAL.UIA,  Ophthalmia  mem- 
bran  arum. 

IIYMENOR'RHAPIIY,  Eytnenorrha'phia  ; 
from  'vpijv,  '  the  hymen,'  and  pa<pt],  '  a  suture'  A 
form  of  elytrorrhaphy,  in  which  the  operation  is 
performed  in  the  natural  situation  of  the  hymen. 

HYMENOT'OMY,  Hymcuotom'ia,  from  'vpn*, 
'a  membrane,'  and  rtfivw,  'I  cut,' '  I  dissect.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissec- 
tion of  the  membranes.  The  term  has  also  been 
applied  to  the  incision  of  the  hymen,  practised  in 
certain  cases  of  imperforation  of  the  vagina,  in 
order  to  give  exit  to  the  blood  retained  and  ac- 
cumulated in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. 

HYMXIUM,  Amnios. 

HYO  :  in  composition,  an  abridgment  of  Hy- 
oides  os. 

HYOBASIOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

IIYOCHOXDROGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOGLOSSUS.  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOTHYREODES,  Thvreohyoideus. 

HYODES.  Hyoides. 

HYODEPIGLOTTICUS.  Hyo-epiglotticus. 

II Y  O-EPIGLOT'T  I  C  U  S,  Hyodepiglot'ticm. 
Belonging  to  the  os  hyoides  and  epiglottis.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  the  name  Hyo-epiglottic 
ligament  to  a  bundle  of  condensed  areolar  tissue, 
winch  passes  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone  to  the  base  of  the  epiglottic 
fibro-cartilage. 

HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHAR  YSGIEX, 
Constrictor  pharvngis. 

llYQGLOS'$tS^IIyo'deo-g!ossus,Hyo-chondro- 
glossua,  Hypsiioglosstis,  Ccr'ato-glossns  of  Douglass 
and  Cowper :  Basio-Cernto-Choudro-gfossns.  A 
large,  thin,  quadrilateral  mu>cle,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  Its  in- 
sertions at  three  different  points  of  the  os  hyoides 


aining,  to  which  the  name  Garun'nda  Myr-  \\  permit  it  to  be  divided  into  three  portions  : — the 


tl/or'mes  has  been  given  by  reason  of  their  re 
semblance  to  the  leaves  of  the  myrtle.  Many 
circumstances  of  an  innocent  character  may  oc- 
casion a  rupture  or  destruction  of  this  membrane. 
It  is  often,  indeed,  found  absent  in  children  soon 
after  birth  ;  whilst  it  may  remain  entire  after  co 


first,  (C'erato-glossus  of  Alhinus)  is  attached  to 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides:  the  second, 
(Basio-glossus  of  Albinus.)  arises  from  the  supe- 
rior part  of  the  body  of  the  same  bone  ;  and  the 
third,  (Chondro-gloxsns  of  Albinus,)  arises  from 
the  lesser  cornu  and  the  cartilage,  situate  between 
ornu. 


pulation.     Hence  the  presence  of  the  hymen  does      the  body  and  the  greater  cornu.     The  fibres  of 
not  absolutely  prove  virginity  ;  nor  does  its  ab-  II  these  three  bundles  are  inserted  into  the  lateral 


sence  prove  incontinence  :  although  its  presence 
would  he  prima  facie  evidence  of  continence. 

Hvmen,  Membrane — h.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num. 

HYMEXiEA,  see  Copal  — h.  Courbaril,  see 
Anime. 

IIYMEX'ICA  AMENORRHEA.  Amenor- 
rhea occasioned  by  closure  of  the  hymen. 

IIYMEX'ICUS,  Hymena'des,  from  'vftnv,  'hy- 
men.' <fcc.  Relating  to  the  hymen.  Also,  mem- 
branous. 

HYMENI'TIS,  from  'v/xrjv,  'a  membrane.'  and 
itis,    denoting   inflammation.      Membranous    in- 
flammation 
brane. 


and  inferior  parts  of  the  tongue.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  base  of  the  tongue,  or  raises  the  os 
hyoides,  when  the  tongue  is  fixed. 

HYO-THYREOlDEUS,  Thvreo-hyoideus. 

HYO-THYROID,  Thvreo-hVoid. 

HYOID  BONE,  Hyoides,  os. 

HYOI'DES  OS,  Os  Bicor'ne  seu  hypselol'des 
seu  Lamhdoi'dea  seu  Gut'furia  seu  Guttnra'/e  seu 
Lingua  seu  Lingua'le.  Lpsilo'i'des,  Ypeifoiden. 
The  Hyoid  Bone;  from  the  Greek  v,  and  ucoi, 
'shape.'  Hyo'i'deus,  Hyo'des.  The  hyoid  bone 
is  a  very  movable,  osseous  arch  ;  of  a  parabolic 


hape  ;  convex  before,  and  suspended  horizontally 
Inflammation  of  an  internal  mem-  |  in   the  substance  of  the  soft    parts  of  the  neck, 

between  the  base  of  the  tongue  and  the  larynx. 


HYME'NIUM,    Membran'nla,    diminutive    of  II  This  bone,  separated  entirely  from  the  rest  of  the 
'vimr.  'a  membrane.'    A  fine,  delicate  membrane,   j  skeleton,  is   composed  of  five    distinct   portions, 
HYMENODES,  Hytnenieus.  susceptible  of  motion  on  each  other.    The  first,  and 


HYMENOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

HYMENOG"ENY,  ffymenogen'ia,  (F.)  Hyme- 
noginie,  from  'v/jljiv,  'a  membrane,'  and  yevvaa>,  'I 
engender.'  The  production  of  membranes  by  the 
effect  of  simple  contact  of  two  liquids*,  as  albu- 
men and  fat,  when  the  former  gives  a  coating  to 
the  globules  of  the  latter. — Ascherson. 


most  central,  is  the  body  of  the  hyoid,  Omit'uhtm 
me'dium  Hyo'i'dis,  which  affords  attachment  to 
several  muscles;  the  two  others  are  lateral,  and 
bear  the  name  of  branches  or  greater  corn  no. 
The  last  two  are  smaller,  situate  above  the  other, 
and  are  known  under  the  name  lesser  comua  and 
styloid   comua,  the    Ossa  pisifor'miu    linyna'iia 


H YOlDEUS 


4  7  0 


HYPERCENOSIS 


of  Sommering,    Oesm    seu    Srana    seu    0- 

t'eula  i>itic"ii(.     The  os 
ssified  from  fir*  points. 
*lh   ilDl  9  PRIM08,  Sterneo-hyoideus. 
HYOIDEUS,  Hj 

HYO'fDIS    QUART1  S    MUSCULU8,    Oino- 
hyoldeus. 

HYOSCY'AMU  B,  from  <vs,  '  ii  swine,    and 
Kvafio;.  '  a  bean.'     Faba  tuil'la,  Bengi,  Jnsqui'a- 

mm,   ffyoscyamtu  triger  sou  p     y/        ^    .      ,      •„/„■„,;,  ,,,•„,„  /,,,,„ ,..  .„„. 

llter'cum,  Ag'oni,   AUerean'genon,   Henbane, 
Stinking  nightshade,  (F.)  Jus 


HYPENETES,  A  loh  b< 

HYPER,  'vrtp.  'above,'  'in  excels.'     Hence: 

II  V  l'  i:  l;  \<   O'SIS,   0 i'a,  Hypt 

Pktkongadyepko'ria,  from  hyper,  and  <i*oi>,  'au- 
dition.' Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ  of 
hearing. 

HYPERA]  -     Hyperadeno'ma,  ! 

troph'ia  glnndula'rum,  from   hyper,  and    . 
gland.'     Hypertrophy  of  ■  gland. 

HYPEREMIA,    Hyperhee'min, 


Jltr, 


nuimit 


me,  Flvi  "  Gockon,  ffannebane,  Poteh 
eiet.  Ord.  Bolanaoese.  The  leaves,  Hyosey* ami 
Fo'lia  (Ph.  U.  B.),  and  seeds,  Hyomty'atni  Semen 
[Ph.  U.  B.),  are  the  parts  osed  in  medicine. 
Their  odonr  is  narcotic  and  peculiar;  taste  in- 
sipid and  mucilaginous.     The  virtues  are  yielded 


blood.'     Preternatural  aecuiunlatioo  of  blood  in 
the  capillary  vessels,  more  especially  local  ple- 


thora— pUtho'ra  partia'li 

Various  forms  of  byp« 


conj 

a  ari 


ttion. — Andral. 
dmitted  bj  pa- 


to  proof  spirit.  Hyoscyamufl  is  narcotic,  ano- 
dyne, antispasmodic,  and  slightly  stimulant.  It 
i>  used  as  a  substitute  for  opium,  where  the  latter 
disagrees;  and  ia  applied,  externally,  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  cancer  and  glandular  swellings.  Dose. 
gr.  iij  to  x  of  the  powder.  An  alkaloid  was  ob- 
tained  from   it  by   Brandos.    Hyoecyamine,   Jus- 

tjuiil  i 

Hyoscyamus  Agrkstis,  Hyoscyamus. 

Htos(  yamus  Alb  us,  White  Henbane,  possesses 
similar  virtues. 

Hyosctamus  Lutbus,  Nicotiana  rostioa  —  h. 
Hyoscyamus  —  h.   Peruvianus,  Nicotiana 
am. 

Hyosctamus  Scopo'i  i  \.,Seopoli'na  atropoVdes. 
The  herb  and  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in 
Illyria.  Hungary,  Croatia.  Gallizia,  and  Bavaria,  ||  ' 

1  in  the   same   cases  as  belladonna.      Dose 
of  the  powder,  half  a  grain. 

HYPACTICUS,  Cathartic. 

HYPJE'MIA,  from  >ro,  'beneath,'  and  '<w//a, 
'blood:'  ffypoce'mia,  Hypoha'mia,  Oligai'nn'a, 
(Hignha'mia,  A»a>'mia.  Deficiency  of  blood. — 
Andral.     Also,  extravasation  of  blood. 

Hyphemia  Occli,  Ha?mophthalmia. 

HYP  VGOGE.  Dejection. 

HYP  ^GOG  US,  Laxative. 

1  i  ^  PALEIM'MA,  Hypalim'ma,  Hypaleip'tum, 

p'tum,    from     'vT«>a^u,    'I    anoint.'     An 

ointment  or  liniment  to   be   rubbed  or  spread  on 


thologistS,  —  for  example,  the  active  or  sth.enu 
as  in  the  phlegmasia,  —  the  atthenie  ot  j 
from  weakness  of  vessels;  the  eada»erie,  or  that 
which  forms  immediately  before  <»r  after  death  : 
and  the  hypostatic,  which  occurs  in  depending 
parts. 

Hypbrcmi  \  Ann. minis.  Coelisemia — b.  Active, 
Inflammation— h.  Capitis,  Cephalaemia— h.  of  the 
Brain,  Stethiemia— h.  Cerebri.  Cephalaemia — h. 
Pectoris,  Stethssmia — b.  Pulmonnm,  Btethsemia 
—  h.  of  the  Lungs,  Btethsemia  —  h.  Hepatic,  He- 
patoha?mia. 

HYPER  JS'MIC,  Hyperee'mieus,  Hyper&'minl, 
Conges' ted,  Bloodshot.     Affected  with  hyperemia. 

HYPERESTHESIA,  Hyperesthesia— h.  Lin- 
gua', Hypergeustia— h.  Olfactoria,  Hyperosphre- 
sin — h.  Plexus  cardiaci.  Angina  pectoris. 

HYPER-fiSTHE'SIS,    Hyperastha'sia,    Oxy- 

teetke'eia,    (F.)    Hypiresthisie,  from    hyper,   and 

the  faculty  of  feeling.'     Excessive  sen- 


sibilitv.  impressibility,  or  possibility. 

HYPERESTHET'ICA,  same  etymon.  Agents 
that  are  conceived  to  augment  general  sensibility 
—as  Btrychnia,  brucia,  Ac,     Pereira. 

HYPERANARRHOPHE'SIS,  from  hyper,  and 
avuppo<it)<ri<;.  'absorption.'     Excessive  absorption. 

HYPERANTHERA   MOKIXGA,  Guilandina 


a  part 

HYPALEIPTRTS,  Hypaleiptrum. 

HYPALKIP'TRON,  Hypaleip'trum,  Hypah  ip- 

tne,   Hypalip'trum,   Specil'tnm,  Spatha.     A    Borl 

nla  f«»r  spreading  ointments.— Hippocrates. 

HYPALEIPTRUM.  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPALEIPTUM,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIMM  \.  Hypnleimma. 

HYPALIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPAMAURO'SIS,  from  'v-o.  'under.'  and 
amaurosis;  Amanro'sis  imperfecta.  Imperfect 
rosin  :    Meramam  ■■ 

HYPAKCO'NIUM,  from  'iit.,,  ' beneath.' and 
nyicuv,  '  the  elbow.'  A  pilluW  tor  supporting  the 
in  surgical  c 

HYPAPOPLEX'IA,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
\n  ii mplete  attack  of  apoplexy. 

HYP  iTMISMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYPATMUS.  Furaig  ii 

RYPAUCHE'NIUM,  from  hrw,  'under.'  and 
mrjrsjWf'tht  neck.'  A  pillow  or  cushion  for  the 
■ 

HYPBCCHORESIS,  Dejection. 

HYPECCHORETICUS,  Laxative. 

HTFIL  \TV8,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 

HYl'KN  \NTlnM  \.  Allopathy. 

HTPBNANTI0SI8,  Allopathy. 
HYPE'NR,  'enmtn.    The  beard  which   growi 
unb-r  the  ehin,  aooordiog  bo  some.     Also,  the 

upper  lip.— \  ..  -tax. 


moringa. 

HYPERANTHRAXIS,  see  Cholera. 

HYPERAPH'IA,  OxyapVe,  Oxyaph'ia,  from 
hyper,  and  'a<pn,  'touch.'  Excessive  acuteness 
of  touch. 

HYPERAPHRODIS'IA.from  hyper,  and  A^po- 
Sirn,  'Venus.'     Excessive  venereal  desire. 

HYPERASTHEN  I'A.  from  hyper,  and  aodtvua, 
'weakness.'     Excessive  debility. 

HYPERAUXE'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  av^an, 


*  augmentation. 


// 


'//"  ''/' 


d'i 


Excessive  in- 


crease or  enlargement  of  a  part,  as  Hyperanxc'sis 
Pridit,  an  excessive  enlargement  of  the  iris,  BO 
as  to  stop  up  the  pupil. 

HYPERBOL'IC  {attitude),  from  hyper,  and 
/?«AAw,  *I  throw.'  'Excessive.'  Galen,  by  this 
term,  designates  certain  extraordinary  attitude.-, 
in  which  the  limbfl  and  vertebral  column  are  in  A 
state  of  complete  extension  or  flexion. 

HYPERBO'REAN,  from  hyper,  and  0op(a<;, 
•the  north  wind.'  A  race  of  men  found  at  the 
extreme  north  of  the  two  continents,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  polar  circle.  It  includes  the  Thibetans, 
Ostiake,  Kamtschadales,  Laplanders,  Bamoiecfe?, 
Esquimaux,  4o. 

HYPERBU'LIA,  from  hyper, and fievkn,  'will.' 
Ungovernable  "ill  or  volition. 

HYPERC  iRDl  V.  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

HYPBRCATAPINO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  auro- 
:nai,  '  to  aip  up.'  Excessive  activity  Of  absorp- 
tion. 

HYPERCATH  U'.'SIS.   Hyperine'eie,  By  perl- 
man,    Superpurga'tio,    Efrenita'tio,    from 
and  roiaetic,  'purgation.'     Boperpurgation. 

HYPERCENO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  kuucij, 


HYPERCERASIS 


480 


HYPERNEURIA 


'evacuation.'  Excessive  evacuation,  as  of  blood, 
bile,  &c. 

HYPERCERASIS.  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 

HYPERCERATOSIS,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea. 

HYPERCHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

HYPERCIIRO'MA,  from  hyper,  and  xpw/ia, 
'colour.'  A  red  fleshy  excrescence  at  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye,  near  the  caruncula  lacrymalis, 
which  sometimes  grows  very  large,  so  as  to  sepa- 
rate the  eyelids  and  interfere  with  their  move- 
ments. 

HYPERCHROMATOPS'IA,  Hyperehroma- 
top'sy,  from  hyper,  ^pw/xa,  ^//w^aroj,  'colour,'  and 
o\j/is,  *  vision.'  A  defect  of  vision,  owing  to  which 
ideas  of  colour  are  attached  to  objects,  which 
convey  no  such  coloured  impressions  to  a  healthy 
eye.     It  is  the  antithesis  to  achromatopsia. 

HYPERCINE'SIA,  Hyper  cine' sis,  from  hyper, 
and  Kivtjais  (kiveu,  'I  move,')  '  motion.  Excessive 
motion.'  Under  the  term  hypercinesis,  Romberg 
includes  the  spasmodic  neuroses. 

Hypercinesia  Nervosa,  see  Irritable  —  h. 
Uterina,  Hysteria. 

HYPERCINESIS  GASTRICA,  Hypochondri- 
asis. 

HYPEUCOXJOXCTTVITE,  see  Ophthalmia. 

HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and 
Kopvijirj,  'the  vertex;'  the  extreme  point  of  any- 
thing. The  lobes  of  the  liver  and  lungs.  —  Hip- 
pocrates. 

HYPERCRIN'IA,  Hyperdiac'risis,  Chymoze'- 
mia,  from  hyper,  and  xpivw,  'I  separate.'  A 
morbid  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

HYPER'CRISIS,  same  etymon.  Supererere'- 
tio,  Superevacna'tio.  An  excessive  crisis,  or  eva- 
cuation; a  flux.  —  A  very  violent,  critical  effort, 
or  too  copious  critical  evacuations. — Galen. 

HYPERCYEMA,  Superfoetation. 

HYPERCYESIS,  Superfoetation. 

H  Y  P  E  R  D  E  RMATO'SIS,  Hyperdermato'ma, 
Hyperdermo' sis,  Hyperdermo'rna,  from  hyper,  and 
dtpua,  'skin.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  skin. 

HYPERDIACRISIS,  Hvpercrinia. 

HYPERDIURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYPERDYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPERDYNAMIC,  Hyperdynam'icus,  from 
hyper,  and  Swaptig,  'strength.'  Appertaining  to 
or  having  the  characters  of  hyperdynamia,  or 
excessive  strength — of  the  vital  powers  more  es- 
peciallv. 

HYPERECHEMA,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPERECIIESIS,  see  Exaggerated.  . 

HYPEREM'ESIS,  Hyperemes'ia,  Vom'itns 
pfofn'sus;  from  hyper,  and  e/xtu),  'I  vomit.'  Ex- 
cessive vomiting. 

SYPEREMIE,  Hyperaemia  —  h.  dn  Cerveau, 
Cephalohaemia —  //.  Ceribrale,  Cephalohaemia  — 
h.  dit  Foie,  Hepatoha?inia  —  h.  de  la  Motile  epi- 
niere,  Hypernrvelohamiia  —  /(.  des  Poumons,  Ste- 
thaemia.  x 

HYPE  PENCE  PHA  L  0  TB  0  PHTE  ;  fro  m 
hyper,  eyxeipuXov,  'the  encephalon,'  and  rpcxprj, 
'nourishment.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  encephalon. 
— Piorrv. 

HYPEREXCEPH'ALUS,(F.)  Jfyuerajc^We, 
from  hyper,  and  K£<pa\ri,  'the  head.'  A  monster 
whose  excessive  brain  is  situate  in  the  skull. 

HYPEMENDOSMOSE,  Inflammation. 

HYPEREXERGI'A,  from  hyper,  and  tvtpyua, 
'activity.'  Excessive  activity,  as  of  the  nervous 
system. 

HYPEREPTIIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPEREPIDOSIS,  Hvperauxesis. 

HYPE RERETHIS'IA, from  hyper,  andcpee^u,, 
'I  excite.'     Excessive  irritability. 

HYPERES'IA,   'vncpevia,   '  a  'ministry.'     This 


word  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  organs: — when 
it  menus  function. 

H YPERESTHESIE,  Hyperaesthesis. 

HYPERETRIA,  Midwife. 

HYPERFIBRINATION,  Hyperinosis. 

HYPERGEN'ESIS,  from  hyper,  and  ytvsatg, 
'generation,'  (F.)  Hypergeuesie.  The  excess  of 
formative  power,  which  gives  occasion  to  mon- 
strosities by  excess  of  parts.     See  Monster. 

HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Hypergeu'sis,  Hypercsx- 
the'sia  lingua,  Oxygen'sia,  from  hyper,  and  ytva- 
tis,  'taste.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the  oig;.n 
of  taste. 

HYPERHiEMATOSIS,  Inflammation. 

HYPERH^MIA,  Hyperemia. 

HYPERHEPATOTROPHIE,  Hepatauxe. 

IIYPERHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERHO'RA,  from  hyper,  and  'wpa,  'time.' 
Premature  development  of  the  body,  or  of  some 
part. 

IIYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arbus'cuhi 
gummifera  Erazilien'sis,  Caa-opia.  Ord.  Hy- 
pericaceae.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  bark  emits 
a  juice,  when  wounded,  which  resembles  gamboge. 
Hypericnm  is  considered  by  Linnaeus  to  be  de- 
rived from  '  vntp,  'over,'  and  eixuv,  'an  image  or 
spectre ;'  from  its  having  been  fancied  to  possess 
the  power  of  driving  away  evil  spirits. 

Hypericum  Officinale,  H.  perforatum  —  h. 
Officinarum,  II.  perforatum. 

Hypericum  Perforatum,  Hypericin)),  H.  offi- 
cinale seu  officina'nt?n  seu  vulga're  seu  Virgin'i- 
cud),  Fitga  Dop'monum,  Androsce'mnm,  Co'rion, 
Perforated  or  Common  St.  John's  Wort,  (F.)  Mil- 
lepertuis  ordinaire.  It  is  aromatic  and  astrin- 
gent, and  enters  into  a  number  of  aromatic  pre- 
parations;  and,  amongst  others,  into  the  Fall. 
trancks.  It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in  dys- 
entery, hemorrhages,  &c.  The  juice  is  acrid. 
The  Oil-  of  St.  John's  Wort,  Red  oil,  Lini men' turn 
seu  O'/eitm  hyperi'ci,  Bal'samum  hyperici  aim' pier, 
is  made  by  infusing  §iv.  of  the  flowers  in  a  quart 
of  olive  oil.     It  is  applied  to  recent  bruises. 

Hypericum  Saro'tiira,  Orange  grass,  Pine- 
weed,  indigenous,  is  applied  in  domestic  prac- 
tice, boiled,  to  contusions  and  sprains. 

Hypericum  Yirgixicum,  H.  perforatum  —  h. 
Yulgare,  H.  perforatum. 

HYPERIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERINESIS.  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINOS,  Hypercatharsis. 

IIYPERINO'SIS,  Ino'sis,  Hyperplas'ma,  from 
hyper,  and  ts,  ivo$,  'fibre.'  The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  contains  an  increase  in  the  pro- 
portion of  fibrin,  Hyper-fibrinu'iio)),  Super-fibri- 
nation,  a  decrease  of  the  corpuscles  in  proportion 
to  the  excess  of  fibrin,  and  an  increase  of  the 
fat,  —  as  in  inflammation.  In  proportion  to  the 
increase  of  the  fibrin  and  fat,  and  the  decrease 
of  the  corpuscles,  the  whole  solid  residue  will  be 
diminished.  Also,  morbidly-increased  muscular 
activity. — Siebenhaar. 

HYPERLYMPH'IA,  (F.)  Hyperlymphh  ;  from 
hyper  and  lympha.  Excessive  formation  or  ac- 
cumulation of  lymph. 

HYPERMETROHEMIE,  Metroha?mia. 

IIYPERMNE'SIA,  from  hyper,  and  fivaoftai, 
'  I  recollect.'     Excessive  memory. 

HYPERMYEOLOHiE'MIA,  (F.)  Hyperemie 
de  la  Afoelle  Epiniere,  Congestion  sanguine  racln'- 
dienne,  from  hyper,  fircXos,  'marrow,'  and  'ui/xa, 
'blood.'    Hyperaemia  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

HYPERXEPHROTROPHIE,    from    hyper, 
vi<t>pos,  'kidney,'  and  rpotyy,  'nourishment.'     lly- 
j  pertrophy  of  the  kidney. 

HYPERXEU'RIA,  from  hyper,  and  vtv^ov,  'a 
11  nerve.'     Excessive  nervous  activity. 


II  Y  P  E  R  X  E  r  II '  ■  M  A 


481 


IIYPX0XE11GIA 


HYPBRNEURO'MA,  same  etymon.  Morbid 
development  of  the  neorine  or  nervous  mat 

II  V  P  i:  K  0  -PHARYN(  I  K  l>,  Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 

HYPBRO'A,  from  hyper,  and  uov.  'a  high 
place.'  The  palatine  arch, —  the  bate  of  the  cra- 
niiuii :  the  palate. 

HYPEROf'TIS,  Fmflamma'tio  pala'ti.  Angina 
Pnhiti'nn.    F.)  Inflammation  dn  !'•</, tin  ;  from  *y- 
poroa,  •the  palate,'  aad  itit,u  suffix  denoting  in- 
■MBmation.     [niammatioa  of  the  velum  palati. 
HYPEROOCHAS'MA,  from  hseepnm,  'the  pa- 
late/ and  \ictfi.  'an  opening;'  Lycoetfoma,  Pa- 
la'tuni  fissnm.      Fissure  <>f  the  palate. 
HYPEROPSIA,  Oxyopia. 
HYPEROS,  Pilum. 
HYPEROSMIA,  Hyperosphresia. 
HYPEROSPHRE'Sl  \.    Hyperemia,  Hypjr- 
moth  e' si  a  ul facto' ria,  Olfuc'tm  aen'tue,  from  hyper, 
and    90(fimoist    'smell.'     Exeessive   aeuteness    of 
smell. 

HYPEROSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 
HYPE  RPATHl'A,  from  hyper,  and  »«0oj,  'suf- 
fering.'    Excessive  sensibility  in  disease. 

HYPERPHLEBO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  ^Aed,, 
'a  vein.'     Too  great  development  of  the  venous 

m  :  predominant  venosity. 
*  HYPERPHLEGMASIA,  Hyperpblogosis. 

II V  PER  PHLOGO'SIS,    Epipkhgo'eie,  Hyper- 
phlegma'sia,  Inftamma'tio  pcracn'ta;  from  hyper, 
\oywms,    'inflammation.'     A    high    degree 
of  inflammation. 

HYPERPHRENIE,  Mania, 
HYPERPIMELE,  see  Polysarcia, 
HYPERPLASM  \.  riyperinosis. 
HYPERPLEXIE,  Ecstasis. 
HYPERPNEUSTIA,  Flatulence. 
HYPERPRESBYTIA,  Presbytia, 
HYPERS  VRCHTDIOS,  Physconia. 
HYPERSARCO'MA,  Hyper- 

mttrx'is,  from  hyper,  and  trapf,  '  flesh.'  A  soft  fun- 
gous excrescence,  especially  such  as  appears 
upon  ulcerated  parts.— A  fungosity. 

HYPERSARI  OSIS,   !  .   Fungosity, 

— h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 
HYPERSARXIS,  Hypersarcoma. 
HYPERSPADIAS,  Epispadias. 
HYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion. 
11  YPER  </'l.  ENO  TROPHIE,  Splenoueua. 
HYPERSPONGIA,  Spina  ventosa, 
HYPERS!  HENTA.   Hyperdynamia,    Hyper- 
noddy  na' mi  a.  Status  injlammato'rius  verus  ;  from 
,  and  odtvos,  '  strength.'     Super-excitement. 
A  morbi  1  condition,  characterized  by  over-excite- 
ment of  all  the  vital  phenomena. 
HYPERSTHENIC,  Stimulant 
HYPERSTHENICUS,  Active,  Stimulant. 
HYPERTONIA,     hyper,    and     rovoj,     *  tone.' 
of  tone  in  parts.     It  is  opposed  to  atony. 
HYPERTRICHOSIS ;   from   hyper,  and  ftpif, 
Tpc^oj,  'hair.'     Excessive  production  of  hair. 

HYPERTROPH.S'MIA,  from  hyper,  rpo+r,, 
'nourishment,'  and  'aip>i,  'blood.'  A  state  in 
which   the   plastic  powers   of  the   blood  are  in- 

HYPERTROPHIA,  Hypertrophy— b.  Cerebri, 

Phrcnauxe  — h.   Cordis,    Heart,   hypertrophy  of 
the  —  h.  Glandularum,  Hyperadenosis  —  h.   He- 
itauxe  —  h.    Intestinorum,    Enterhy- 
pbia  —  h.  Lienis,  Splenoncus —  b.  Splenis, 
Splenoncus —  h.  Uteri,  Metrauxi — b.  Unguium, 
Onycbauxe — h.  Vesica1  urinaria'.  Cystauxe. 
HYPERTROPHIC,  see  Hypertrophy. 
HYPERTROPHIE  DU  C(EUR,  Heart,  by- 
pertr.phv  of  the—//.  Centripitt  tin  Catmr.  Heart, 
31 


hypertrophy  of  the  —  h.  Ooneentriqne  dm  (kmr, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the — h.  dm  Foie,  Hepa- 
tauxe  —  It.  de  I,,  Rate,  Splenoneus  —  //.  dm  Corps 
ThymXde,  Broncbocele. 

HYPERTROPHIED,  see  Hypertrophy. 
II  YPBRTROPHIEN,  see  Hypertrophy. 
in  PERTR0PH01  8,  see  Hypertrophy. 
HYPERTROPHY,  i/yperfropA'ta,  from  *yper, 
and  rpotpn*  'nourishment.'     The  state  of  a    pari 
in  which  the  nutrition   is   performed  with  greater 
activity  ;   and    which,  on    that    account,  at    length 
acquires  unusual  hulk.      The  part  thus  affected  i- 
said     to     he    hyper1  trophied    or    hyper'trnphoue. 
Hypertrophies  is  used   by  Neligan,   as    Hyper- 
trophicn  i<  by  Simon,  for  an  order  of  cutaneous 
B,    characterized    by    hypertrophy    of    T 1 . e 
derma,  or  epidermis,  or  both,  or  of  the   hair  fol- 
licles. 

IIYPERURESIS,  Enuresis  — h.  Aquosa,  Dia- 
betes. 

//  YPER  I  I!  0 R  R II EE.  Diabetes— A.  Saccha- 
rine, Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

HYPERZOODY  NAM  I  A,  Hypersthenic. 
HYPEX'ODOS,  -v-doSoi,  from  'uto,  'beneath,' 
and  ffrSos.   'passing  out.'     An    alvine    discharge 
or  flux. — Hippocrates. 

HYPEZOCUS,  Diaphragm,  Pleura.  See  Ily- 
pozoma. 

HYPHA,  Texture. 
HYPHEMA,  Ecchymoma, 
IIYIMLEMATO'SIS,     Hypohamato'eie,     from 
'u»o.    'under,'    and    'aifiaruetg,    'sanguification.' 
Morbidly  diminished  hsematosis. — Sungnifica'tia 
dehiVior. 

HYPHjEMOS,  Subcruentus. 
11 Y  I'll  K.  Texture. 
HYPHYDROS,  Hydropic. 
HYPINO'SIS,    Hypoplae'ma,  from    'v-o,  'un- 
der,' and  if,  nog,  'fibre.'     The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  frequently 
less  than  in  health,  or  if  it  amounts  to  the  usual 
quantity,  its  proportion  to  the  blood  corpuscles 
is  less  than  in  health  :   the  quantity  of  corpuscles 
is  either  absolutely  increased   or  their  proportion 
to  the  fibrin  is  larger  than  in   healthy  blood;   the 
quantity  of  solid  constituents  is  also  frequently 
larger  than  in  health.     Such   is  the  condition  rtf 
the  blood  in  fevers,  hemorrhages,  and  polysemia, 
—  Simon. 

HYPNJBSTHESIS,  Somnolency. 
HYPNAGO'GIC,   Hypnayo'gicii8,  from   'vrrvos, 
'  sleep,'  and  ayayaf,  "a  leader.'    Leading  to  sleep. 
Hypnagogic    hallucinations    are    those    visions 
which  occur  when  we  arc  half  asleep. 

HYPNIA'TER,  (F.)  Hypniatre,  from  'v*vos, 
'sleep,'  and  inrpof,  'a  physician.'  A  name  given 
to  deluded  or  designing  persons  who  have  affirmed 
that  they  were  able,  during  their '  magnetic  sleep,' 
to  diagnosticate  disease  and  its  appropriate  treat- 
ment. 

HYPNIC,  Hyp'nicue,  from  'utvoj,  'sleep.'     An 
agent  that  affects  sleep. — Pereira. 
HYPNOBADES,  Somnambulist 
HYPNOBADISIS,  Somnambulism, 
HYPN0BATASI8,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATES,  S nambulist. 

HYPNOBATESIS,  Bomnambulism. 
HYPNOBATIA,  Bomnambulism, 
in  PNO'DES,  'iTKLifb/s-,  from  'v-n,  'under,' and 
'v-Kvoq,  '  sleep.'     One  in  a  state  of  slumber  or  som- 
nolency. 

HYPNODIA,  Somnolency. 
HYPNOLOG"ICA,   Hypnotog"ick\      The   part 
of  hygiene  which  trc;u<  of  sleep. 

HYPNOL'OGY,  Hypnolog"ia,  from  W*,  and 
loyos,  'a  discourse  '     Same  etymon.     A  treatise 
on  sleep.     The  doctrine  of  sli 
HYPNONERGIA,  Somnambulbm. 


HYPNOrilOBIA 


482 


HYPOGASTRIC 


TIYPNOPIIOB'IA,  from    htitvos,    'sleep/    and 
p9&t*S,  '  dread.'     Dread  of  sleep.     Incubus. 
I1YPNOPCEUS,  Somniferous. 
HVPNOS,  Sleep. 

IIYPNO'SIS.  from  Wvo?,  'sleep.'  The  super- 
vention  or  production  of  sleep. 

ilvi'Nosis  Biomagnktioa,  Sleep,  magnetic. 
HYPNOTIC,  Somniferous. 
HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 
HYPNOTIZED,  see  Mesmerized. 
HYPO,  Wo,  'sab,'  'under,'  in  composition. 
Hypo,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOiEMA,  Eechymoina. 
HYPOXEMIA,  Ecchvmoma,  Hypaeinia. 
HY'POBLEPH'ARUM,  from  Wo,  'under,' and 
(S^e^aiov,  'eyelid.'       Tumefaction    under  one    or 
both  eyelids.     Also,  an  artificial  eye,  placed  un- 
der the  eyelids. 

HYPOCAPNISMA,  Suffimentum. 
IIYPOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 
IIYPOCARO'DES,    Subsopora'tus,   from    Wo. 
'under,'  and  /ca/,o?,  'a  heavy  sleep.'     One  who  is 
in  a  state  approaching  carus. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOCATHAR'SiS,  from  Wo,  'under,' and 
KdSapois,  '  purgation.'  Too  feeble  purgation.  A 
word  opposed  to  hypercatharsis. 
HYPOCATHARTICUS,  Laxative. 
HYPOCAUS'TUM,  from  Wo,  'under,'  and 
kuiu),  'I  burn.'  A  name  given  to  a  stove,  or  any 
such  contrivance,  to  sweat  in.  Also,  a  furnace 
in  any  subterraneous  place,  used  for  heating 
baths  : — Wokuuo-tov,  Balnea'rium,   Vapora'ritim. 

HYPOCEPHAL^l'UM,  from  >vtto,  '  under/  and 
Ks^aXri,  '  head.'     A  pillow  for  the  head. 

HYPOCERCHA'LEON,  from  Wo,  and  ke9- 
%aA£o?,  'hoarse.'  Roughness  of  the  fauces  affect- 
ing the  voice. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOCHLORETUM  SULPHUROSUM,  Sul- 
phur, chloride  of. 

HYrPOCHLOROM'ELAS,  sub-pal'lide  nigri- 
cans, from  'uto,  ^Awpo?,  'green/  and  /xeXas,  'black.' 
A  term  applied  to  one  whose  skin  is  pale,  with  a 
blackish  bue. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 
HYPOCHOILION,  Abdomen. 
HY'POCHONDRE,  Hypochon'drinm,  Subcar- 
tifagin'eiun,  Re.'gio  Hypochondri'aca,  Hypochon'- 
dn'ne  Region,  from  'vno,  'under/  and  ^uvSpog,  'a 
cartilage.'  Each  lateral  and  superior  region  of 
the  abdomen  is  so  called,  because  it  is  bounded 
by  the  cartilaginous  margin  of  the  false  ribs, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  chest.  There  is  a 
right  and  a  left  hypochondrium. 

HYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Hypochondri'acus,  Hy- 
pochondriacal,Va'pnnry,  Va'pourish,  (F.)  Hypo- 
chondriaqne.  Same  etymon.  Belonging  to  hy- 
pochondriasis. One  labouring  under  hypochon- 
driasis— hipped. 

HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS.Hvpochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIALGIA,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIAQUE,  Hypochondriac. 
HYPOCHONDRIASIS.  Same  etymon.  Ala'- 
sia  sen  Hulhtcina'tio  hypochondriasis,  Morbm 
Jiypoch'iudri'acttx  seu  Rexiecato1 rins  seu  Iluctuo'- 
sns,  Malum  hypochoudri'aciun,  Hypochondriaci*' '- 
Tims,  Hypochondricis'mus,  Dyspep'sia  hypochon- 
driasis, Pqs'eio  seu  Affec'tim  hypochondri'aca, 
Auathymi'asis,  Hypercine'sis  tfastrica,  Splenes, 
Jfelanchol'ia  nerved  seu  Jlatuo'sa  seu  hypochnit- 
dri'aca,  Snffoca'tio  hypochond ri'aca.  Morbus 
jlatuo'sus  seu  erudito'rum,  Fame*  ventric'nli,  Hy- 
poehondrixm,  Hypo,  Hip,  Sjileeu,  Vapour*  English, 
Malady,  Low  Spirit*,  (F. )  Hypochondrie,  Maladie 
imaginaire  ou  Anglaisc,  Affection  vaporense.  Va- 
penrs.  This  disease  is  probably  so  called,  from 
the  circumstance  of  some  hypochondriacs  having 
felt  an  uneasy  sensation  in  the  hypochondriac 
regions.  The  disease  seems  really  to  be,  as  Pinel 
has  classed  it,  a  species  of  neurosis,  and  of  mental 
alienation,  which  is  observed  in  persons  who  in 


other  respects  are  of  sound  judgment,  but  who 
reason  erroneously  on  whatever  concerns  their 
own  health.  Hypochondriasis  is  characterized  by 
disordered  digestion,  without  fever  or  local  lesion  : 
flatulence  ;  borborygmi :  extreme  increase  of  sen 
sibility  ;  palpitations  ;  illusions  of  the  senses  ;  h 
succession  of  morbid  feelings,  which  appear  to 
simulate  the  greater  part  of  diseases  ;  panics  : 
exaggerated  uneasiness  of  various  kinds;  chiefly 
in  what  regards  the  health,  «fec.  Indigestion  has 
I  usually  been  considered  the  cause  of  hypochon- 
driasis. They  are,  unquestionably,  much  con- 
nected with  each  other:  but  there  is  every  reason 
to  believe,  that  the  seat  of  the  affection  is  really, 
though  functionally,  in  the  brain.  The  disease 
almost  always  appears  at  the  adult  age,  most 
commonly  in  irritable  individuals  ;  and  in  those 
exhausted,  or  rather  in  the  habit  of  being  ex- 
hausted by  mental  labour,  overwhelmed  with 
domestic  or  public  affairs,  &c. 

The  treatment  is  almost  entirely  moral.  The 
condition  of  the  digestive  function  must,  however, 
be  accurately  attended  to. 

HYPOCHONDRICISMUS,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHOND RISM,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHOREMA,  Excrement, 
HYPOCHORESIS,  Dejection,  Defecation,  Ex- 
crement, 

HYPOCHORETICUS,  Cathartic. 
HYFOCHYMA,  Cataract. 
HYPOCHYROSIS,  Baryecoia. 
HYPOCHYSIS  IR&MATODES,  Hsemophthal- 
mia. 

HYPOCISTIS,  Cvtinus. 

HYPOCLEP'TICUM,    from    <»»,    'beneath/ 
and  kXc-ktu>,   '  I    steal.'      A  chymical  vesrel,  for- 
merly used  for  separating  oil  from  water. 
HYPOCCELIS,  Palpebra  inferior. 
HYPOCCELIUM,  Abdomen. 
HYPOCCELUM,    Hypocoilon,    Palpebra    infe- 
rior. 

HYPOCOI'LON,7/yyooc«7oH,  Hypocce'lum,  Hy- 
poc'ylum,  from  'vno,  '  under/ and  koiXuv,  'a  ca- 
vity.' A  cavity  situate  under  the  lower  eyelid. 
The  lower  eyelid  itself. 

HYPOCOPHOSIS,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
HYPOCRA'NIUM  (Apostema),  from  Wo.  'un- 
der/ and  K{>aviov,  '  the  cranium.'     A  collection  of 
pus  between  the  cranium  and  dura  mater. 
HYPOCRATES,  Infirm. 

HYPOCYLUM,  Hypocoilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 
HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
HYPODERIS,  Epideris. 

HY^PODERMAT'OMYv^/Werwm^Wm.from 
Wo,  'under/  Sep/jai,  'the  skin/ and  tojit),  'inci- 
sion.' The  section  of  subcutaneous  parts-,  as  of 
tendons  and  muscles. 

HYPODER'MIC,  Hypoder' miens,  (F.)  Hypo- 
dermique,  from  Wo,  'under/  and  Sepua,  'skin.' 
That  which  is  under  the  skin,  —  as  'hypodermic 
medication/  (F.)  Medication  hypodermique  ;  that 
which  consists  in  the  application  of  remedies — as 
morphia — under  the  skin. 

HYPODERMTS.  Clitoris,  Epideris. 
HYPODERRHIS,  Epideris. 
HYPODESMA.  Bandage. 
H  YPO  DYN  A  MIC,  Adynamic. 
HY'PODYN'IA,  from  Wo,  'under.'  and  otvvn, 
pain.'     Dolor  mitis  seu  tenia.     A  slight  pain. 
HYTPOGALA.  Hypopyon. 

IIYPOGASTRAL'GiA,  from  'vzoynarpiov,  'the 
!  hypogastrium/  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
j  hypoirastrium. 

'HYPOGASTRIC,  Hypogns'triens.  Relating 
I  or  belonging  to  the  hypogastrium. 

Hypogastric  Artery,  A.  IU'aca  inter'na,  A. 
I  IU'aca  poste'rior,  A.pelvienne — (Ch.),  is  the  more 
;  internal  of  the  two  branches  into  which  the  pri- 
ll mary  iliac  divides.     It  descends  into  the  cavity 


IIYrOGASTRION 


•1  >  :) 


HYPOriUM 


of  the  pelvis,  and  gives  off  a  considerable  number 
of  branches,  which  arise,  at  times  separately;  at 
others,  by  common  trunks.     These  brand 

ior,  i.  e.  tiie  Uio-lumbar  arteries,  la- 
teral, saeral,  ami  gluteal.  2.  The  anterior,  i.  e. 
the  ambilieal,  vesical,  and  obturator.  3.  The  in- 
ter nal,— the  middle  hemorrhoidal  arteries,  uterine, 
ami  vaginal  in  w,unen.  4.  The  inferior,  i.  e.  the 
imehiatic  arteriee,  ami  internal  pudic. 

HtPOQAB'TRIO  <!  \n'i;i.i..\.  A  large  nervous 
ganglion,  described  by  Dr.  Root.  Lee  as  seated 
00  eeeh  side  of  the  cervix  uteri,  immediately  he- 
hind  the  ureter:  which  receives  the  greater  Dum- 
ber of  the  nerves  of  the  hypogastric  and  sacral 
plexuses,  and  distributee  branches  to  the  uterus, 
.  bladder,  ami  rectum. 

Hypogastric  Operation  of  Litiiot'omv,  (F.) 
bypogaatrique.     The    high    operation,    or 
that  practised  above  the  pubes. 

Htpogasi  RIO  I'i.km  s./'hxit*  aotu-meeentSrique 
ofWinslow,  is  Bituate  at  the  lateral  ami  posterior 
parts  of  the  rectum  and  the  bat  fond  of  the  blad- 
der. It  is  formed  by  the  sacral  nerves  and  the 
inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  and  gives  off  numerous 
filaments,  which  accompany  the  arteries  that  pass 
to  the  rectum  and  genital  organs. 

HYPOGASTRIC  Vrim  furnishes  nearly  the  same 
branches. 

HYPOGASTRICS,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

HTPOOAS'XRIUM,  Hypogae'trion,  from  'v-o, 
'under,'  and  yionip,  'the  stomach  or  belly;' 
.  Tjrpov,  Vt>iter  imua,  V.  paints,  Aquatic' - 
-  men,  Rumen;  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen. The  Hypogastric  region,  Re'gio  /n/p»- 
aae'triea  sen  hypogae'tria,  which  extends  as  high 
as  three  fingers'  breadth  beneath  the  umbilicus, 
is  divided  into  three  secondary  regions  —  one 
middle  or  pubic,  and  two  lateral  or  inguinal, 

IlYPOtiASTROCE'LE,     from    'tro,     'under,' 
yacrnp,  'the  stomach   or  belly,'  and  xr/Xi/,   '  a  tu- 
mour.'    Hernia  iu  the  hypogastric  region,  occur- 
ring through    the   separated   fibres   of  the    lower 
■    the  linea  alb:;.      See  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

HYPOGABTRODID'YMUS,    Did'ymua   Sym- 

pkyohypogae' trius,   Iachiopa'gea,  from   'wo,  'tin- 

•  txrnp,  'the  belly,'  and  &dvnu<;,  'a  twin.'     A 

monstrosity  in    which    twins   are   united   by   the 

bypogastrium. — Gurlt. 

'  HYPOGASTRORIXIS,  Eventration. 

HYPOGLOSSA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE,  Hypoglossus. 

HYPOGLOSSIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGL088IADEN1  T  1  S,  from  'vro,  'under,' 
yXwao-'i.  'tongue,'  aSqv,  'a  gland,'  and  itia,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflamma'tio  glaudula'rum 
tublingua'lium.  Inflammation  of  the  sublingual 
gland. 

HYPOGLOSSIDIA,  Hypoglottides. 

BYPOGLOSSIS,  Rypoglof'$ium,  Bypoglottie, 
Hypoglot'tia,    from    'uro,    'under,'    and     y\u)o~o-a, 
ue.'     The  under  surface  of  the  tongue  :  any- 
thing under  the  tongue ;   and  hence,  Kanula. 

HTPOGLOSSIUM,  Hypoglossis,  Kanula. 

HYPOGLOSSUM,  Ruscui  hypogloseum,  lu- 
nula. 

HYPOGLOg'SDS,  from  W,  'under,'  and 
yWcra,  'the  tongue.'  That  which  Is  under  the 
tongue. 

Btpoolossi  S,  Lingua' lit  tfe'diue,ffypogioae,al 
or  Lingual  <»r  Que'tatory  A/ien  //<//- <>- 

on  Grand  Hypoglneae,  Flypogloeeieu  (Ch.), 
is  the  ninth  pair  <>/  nerve*,  Par  nonum,  Nervut 
hypogloeeu*  s.-u  loquent,  of  many  anatomists.  Ii 
by  r •  - 1 »  or  twelve  very  fine  filaments  from 
the  grooves,  which  separate  the  corpora  pyrami- 
dalis  from  the  C.  olivaria;  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium by  the  foramen  condylnideum  an terlus;  and 
9,    near    the    angle    of   the   jaw,    into    two 


branches:  the  one,  the  eerviea'li*  deecendenn  or 
deecen'deu*  noni,  I*.  forms,  with  the  cervical 
plexus,  a  large  anastomotic  arch,  and  furnishes 

branches  to  several  <>f  the  muscles  of  the  neck. 
The  other,  the  lingual  branch,  is  the  continuation 
of  the  principal  trunk,  and  gives  its  numerous 
filaments  to  the  muscles  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. The  ninth  pair  communicates  motion  to 
the  m assies  to  which  it  is  distributed. 

HYPOGLOTTIA,  Hypoglossis,  Hypoglottidi  s. 

HYPOGLOTT'IDRS,  (PILUL.fi,)  Hypvgio**- 
sia,  Hypoglot'tia,  Hypoglaa'aa,  Hypoglut'ta,  Hy- 
pogloeeid'ia,  Pil'ului  mblingna'lee.  Tills  placed 
under  the  tongue  to  dissolve  there. 

HYPOGLOTTIS,  Hypoglossis  Kanula. 

HYPOGLi  "ITS.  from  'v:o,  'under.'  and  y\ov- 
ms,  '  the  nates.'  The  lower  and  projecting  part 
of  the  nates.  —  GorTSSUS. 

HYPOGNATHADEN,  Submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOGNATHADENI'TIS,Fy»o*t«^deHi'tM, 
from  hypngnathaden,  the  submaxillary  gland,  and 
itia,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
submaxillary  gland. 

II Y  KOI!  .T.'M  A,  from  'vo,  'under.'  and  aipn, 
'blood.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  chambers  of 
!  the  eye.     It  is  generally  absorbed  in  time. 

HYPOHiEMATOSIS,  Hyphssmatosi*. 

HYKOII.KMIA.  Hypasmia, 

HYPOLEPSIOMANIA,  Melancholy. 

HYPO'MIA,  from  'wiro,  'under.'  and  w/io?.  '  tho 
shoulder.'  That  which  lies  under  the  shoulder, 
as  the  axilla. 

HYKO.MO'KIA,  from  'vro,  'under,'  and  /jiupia, 
'folly.'  Slight  imbecility  of  mind,  or  slight 
delirium. 

H  YPOXA  R  THKCIE,  ffyponarthe'eia,  from 
'wto,  'under,'  and  r<ipd>;£,  'a  splint.'  A  term  used 
by  M.  Mayor  for  his  mode  of  treating  fractures 
by  position  only.  —  the  limb  resting  upon  a  pro- 
perly cushioned  board  or  splint. 

HYPONED'RIA,  from  'wo,  '  under,'  and  «i»- 
pov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly  diminished  nervous 
energy. 

HYPON'OMOS,  Ulcua  tnbtu*  depaa'eena,  from 
'vro,  'under,'  and  vt/xw,  'I  feed.'  A  deep  fistula 
or  ulcer. 

HYPON'YCHON,  from  'wo,  'under,' and  ow^, 
'the  nail.'  Ecchymo'mu  Hyponychon.  Effusion 
of  blood  under  a  nail. 

HYPOPATHI'A,  Snbnfec'tio,  from  'vro,  'un- 
der,' and  raOoi,  'disease.'  A  disease  of  a  slight 
character. 

HYPOPATFS,  Dejectio. 

HYPOPE'DIUM,  from  'vro,  'under,' and  rovs, 
'the  foot.'      A  cataplasm  for  the  sole  of  the    foot. 

HYPOPH'ASIS,  from  'vvo,  •under,'  anil  Aatvu, 
'  I  appear.'      The  state  of  the   eyes    in  which    tho 
white   only    is   seen    through    the   opening  of    tho 
eyelids. —  Hippocrates. 
*  HYPOPHLEGMASIA,  Subinflammatio. 

HYPOPH  ORA,  from  'v-o,  '  under,'  and  ftpu, 
'I  carry:'  Ulcua  aiuuo'aum  sen  fiatulo'aum,  A 
fistulous   ulcer.  —  Galen.      A  dejection. 

IIYKOKiri'Il'MAll  \:  Hypopyon. 
HYPOPHTH  kL'MION.    fn.m    'v-o,    'under,' 

and  o(pSa^fioi,  'the  eye'  That  part  under  the  eye 
where  oedema    generally  commences  in  chronic 

diseases  and  in  cachexia. —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHYSIS,  Cataract,  Epigone  — h.  Cere- 
bri. Pituitary  gland. 

HYPOP'ITYS     LANUGINOSA,    fn.m    'wo, 

'under,'  and  nrvg,  'a  pine  tree.'  from  the  place 
of  it-  growth.  American  Pine-gap,  Falai  Beerk- 
drvpa,  Birda'  Neat.  Indigenous;  flowering  from 
.June  tO  AugUSt.  Order,  V.  i  iineea-.  Used  .1-  :t 
nervine  in  the  form  of  the  powdered  root. 

II Y  KOT'Il'M,    from    'vro,    'under/    and    w^l, 


HYPOPLASMA 


484 


HYPOUCAXXA 


'eye.'     The  port  of  the  face  under  the  eye:  —  a 
black  eye. 

HTPOPWM  Os,  Malae  os. 

HYPOPLASMA.  Hvpinosis. 

HYPOPLASTJ3'MA,  frttta  'vrro,  'under,'  irXae- 
TtKog,  '  formative,'  and  'uip.a,  'blood.'  Diminished 
plasticity  of  the  blood. 

HYPOPLEURIUS,  Pleura. 

HYPOPO'DIA,  Snpplanta'lia,  Suppeda'nen, 
from  'vrro,  'under,'  and  rrovg,  'the  foot.'  Reme- 
dies, as  sinapisms,  which  are  applied  under  the 
foot. 

HYPOP'YOX,  Hypop'ynm,  Hypophthal'mia, 
Pyophthnl'mia,  Empye'sis  seu  Diapye'sis  seu  Ab- 
sces'sus  Oc'uli,  Qc'ulus  puruleu'tits,  Lunell'a,  Hy- 
pog'ala,  Hypopyum  lac'teum,  Pyo'sis,  Parop'sis 
Staphylo'ma  purtdentnm ;  from  'vrro,  'under,'  and 
rvov,  'pus  ;'  because  the  pus  is  under  the  cornea. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  small  abscesses  be- 
tween the  laminae  of  the  cornea,  as  well  as  to 
different  purulent  collections  in  the  chambers  of 
the  eye;  hence,  some  pathologists  have  distin- 
guished Hypop'yon  of  the  chambers  from  Hypop- 
yon of  the  cor' nea.  In  abscesses  of  the  chambers, 
the  purulent  matter  is  mixed  with  the  aqueous 
humour,  which  it  renders  turbid ;  and  is  deposited  . 
particularly  at  the  lower  part  of  the  eye  :  forming 
behind  the  cornea  a  kind  of  whitish  crescent,  that 
rises-  more  or  less  before  the  pupil,  and  closes  it 
entirely. or  in  part.  It  requires  the  use  of  local  | 
and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sorbefacients. 
At  times,  it  is  necessary  to  puncture  the  cornea 
and  evacuate  the  pus. 

Hypopion  was  used  by  Galen  to  signify  "an 
effusion  of  blood  under  the  eyelids  and  tunica 
conjunctiva,  or  under  the  lower  eyelid."  — 
Blancard. 

HYPOPYUM  LACTEUM.  Hvpopyon. 

HYPORIX'IOX.  Hyporrhin'ium,  from  'mo, 
'under,'  and  piv,  'the  nose.'  That  part  of  the 
beard  which  grows  beneath  the  nose.  The  mus- 
taches.    Also,  the  upper  lip. 

HYPORRHYSIS,  Defluxion,  Prolapsus. 

HYPOSA'PRUS.  Subputris,Putres'cens.  Grow- 
ing putrid  ;  slightly  putrid.  Game,  of  various 
kinds,  (F.)  Viandes  faisandees,  is,  at  times,  pre- 
ferred in  an  incipient  state  of  decomposition, 
which  certainly  renders  it  more  digestible. 

HYPOSAR'CA.  from  Wo,  'under,'  and  aapt, 
'flesh;'  Hyposarcid'ius,  Anasarca.  In  the  Noso- 
logies of  Linnaeus  and  Cullen,  it  is  synonymous 
with  Phi/seonia. 

HYPOSARCIDIUS,  Anasarca,  Hyposarea. 

HYPOSARCO'SIS,  from  'vrro,  'under,'  and 
aaoKwcris,  '  a  fleshy  growth.'  A  small,  fleshy 
growth  : — a  wart. 

HYPOSIAGOX,  Maxillary  bone,  inferior. 

HYPOSIAGOXARTHRI'TIS,  from  'vrro,  'un- 
der,' oiayuv,  'the  jawbone,'  ('lower  jawbone,') 
apQpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation  ; 
Inflamma'tio  artic'uli  maxil'lcB  inferio'ris.  In- 
flammation of  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw. 

HYPOSIALADEX,  Submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOSIALADEXITIS,  Hypognathadenitis. 

HYPOSPA'DIA,  Hypospadiktsis,  from  Wo, 
'under,'  and  crrau,  'I  draw.'  A  malformation,  in 
which  the  canal  of  the  urethra,  instead  of  open- 
ing at  the  apex  of  the  glans,  terminates  at  its 
base,  or  beneath  the  penis,  at  a  greater  or  less 
distance  from  the  symphysis  pubis.  When  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra  is  very  near  the  root  of  the 
penis,  the  scrotum  is  divided,  as  it  were,  into  two 
great  labia;  and  this  malformation  has  often 
been  taken  for  a  case  of  hermaphrodism.  Hypo- 
spadia is  ordinarily  incurable ;  and  an  idea  has 
been  entertained  that  it  is  the  cause  of  impotence. 
It  is  not  exactly  so;  but  it  renders  impregnation 
less  probable. 


HYPOSPA'DIA S,  Hypospadia' ws,  Hypospad'- 
revs.     One  affected  with  hypospadia. 
HYPOSPADIASIS,  Hypospadia. 

HYPOSPATHIS'MUS,  from  'vrro,  'under,' and 
airadtov,  'a  ladle  or  spatula.'  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, with  the  ancients,  in  cases  of  severe  'de- 
fluxion  to  the  eyes,'  which  consisted  in  incisions 
made  in  the  scalp  down  to  the  bone,  and  the  in- 
sertion of  an  instrument  called  a  spat h' ion  or  hy- 
pospathis'ter  to  enable  the  intermediate  parts  to 
be  divided.  The  precise  character  of  the  opera- 
tion is  not  well  described,  and  it  is  no  longer 
known. — Paulua  of  iEgina. 

HYPOS  PA  THISTER,  see  Hypospathismus. 

HYPOSPHAG'MA,  from  'vrro,  'under.'  and 
<r<pn$(i>,  *I  kill.'  The  coagulated  blood,  which  is 
collected  when  an  animal  is  killed  and  used  i«>r 
food.  Also,  an  effusion  of  blood,  especially  under 
the  conjunctiva. 

Hyposphagma,  Haemophthalmia. 

HYPOSTAPI1YLE,  Staphylcedema. 

HYPOSTAPHYLITIS,  see  Staphylitis. 

HYPOS'TASIS,  from  Wo,  'under,' and  craais, 
'the  act  of  placing.'  A  morbid  deposition  in  the 
body.     Sediment. 

HYPOSTATIC,  Hypostat'icus,  from  Wo,  'un- 
der,' and  oTaais,  'stagnation.'  Relating  to  hy- 
postases, sediments  or  depositions. 

Hypostatic  Hyperemia.  A  congestion  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  a  part,  caused  by  its  de- 
pending position. 

HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment. 

HYPOSTHENIA,  Debility. 

HYPOSTH ENia  Contrastimulant. 

HYPOS'TROPHE,  'vrrocrpo^n,  'change  of  po- 
sition,' from  'vrro,  and  orpc^u),  'I  turn.'  Act  of .  a 
patient  turning  himself.  Also,  a  relapse  or  return 
of  a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYPOSTYP'TIC,  Hypostyp'ticus,  from  Wo, 
'under,'  and  crv^is,  'constriction.'  A  feeble 
astringent. 

HYPOSYPH'ILIS,  from  'vrro,  'under,'  and 
Syphilis.     A  mild  form  of  syphilis. 

HYPOTH'EXAR,  Snb'rola,  from  Wo.  'under.' 
and  &cvap,  'the  palm  of  the  hand  or  sole  of  the 
foot.'  Hypothenar  Em'inence.  The  fleshy  projec- 
tion of  the  palmar  surface  of  the  hand,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  little  finger,  and  is  supported 
by  the  fifth  metacarpal  bone.  This  eminence  is 
formed  of  four  muscles  :  the  Palmarin  brevi*. 
Adductor  seu  Flexor  breris  minimi  digiti,  and 
Opponens  -minimi  digiti.  The  name  Hypothenar 
has  also  been  given  to  different  muscles  of  the 
hand.  The  Hypothenar  minimi  digiti  of  Riolan 
comprehended  the  Abductor,  Flexor  breris  and 
Opponens  minimi  digiti;  and  his  muscle.  Hy- 
pothenar pollicis,  corresponded  to  the  Abductor 
and  a  portion  of  the  Flexor  brevis  pollicis. 
Winslow  called  the  Adductor  minimi  digiti,  7»ns- 
cle  petit  hi/pothenar  ou  hypothenar  du  petit  doigt. 

Hypothenar  Minimi  Digiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti  —  h.  Minor  metacarpeus,  Abductor 
minimi  digiti — h.  Riolani,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti. 

HYPOTHETOX.  Suppository. 

HYPOTHYMIAM  A."  Fumigation. 

HYPOTHYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 

HYPO'TIUM,  (Emplastmm ;)  from  '-.re.  'un- 
derhand ovs,  'the  ear.'  Emplas'tmm  auricula' re  ; 
a  plaster  applied  behind  or  under  the  ear. 

HYPOTROPHE,  Relapse. 

HYPOTROPHTA,  Hypotrophy,  from  'vrc, 
'under,'  and  rpocprj,  'nourishment.'  Scanty  nour- 
ishment or  nutrition.      Atrophy. 

HYPOTROPIASMUS,  Relapse. 

HYPOTRYGUS.  Feculent. 

HYPOUCAXXA,  Ipecacuanha. 


IIYPOUTRIOX 


4  -  5 


IIYSTERO-CYSTOCELE 


HYPOUTRION,  Abdomen. 
HYPOX&MIE,  Asphyxia. 

•  HYPOX'YS  BREC'TA,  Stargruu;  from  'vto, 
•beneath/  and  tfyt,  •sharp,'  because  the  pod  is 
acute  al  the  ba*e[?];  indigenous;  Order,  Ama- 
ryllidaceas.  The  root  is  eaten,  anil  has  been  need 
a-  b  vulnerary;  and  in  ohronie  ulcers  and  agues. 

UYPOZO'MA,  from  '«*•,  'under,'  and  £uvvv/u, 

•  I  bind  round;'  Membrana  tucciu'gene,  A  mem- 
brane or  septum,  as  the  mediastinum,  diaphragm, 
Ac 

HYPPOCRAS,  Claret 

HYPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basiogfossus. 

HYPSILODES,  OS,  Hyofdec 

HYPSILOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYPSONOSUS,  Puna, 

HYPSOPHO'NUS.frora  'v\f,os,  'high,' and  $»vf;, 
•  who  has  a  clear  high  voice. 

HYPSOSIS,  Sublimation. 

ll\  PTIASMA,  Supination. 

HYPTIAS'MOS,  from  'uTrru^u),  'I  lie  with  the 
face  upwards.'  Lying  in  a.  supine  posture.  Also, 
inversion  of  the  stomach,  as  in  nausea,  regurgi- 
tation, or  vomiting. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

HYPU'LUS,  from  rvzo,  and  ovXri,  'cicatrix.' 
Imperfectly  cicatrized. 

•a  hypn'la.     Ulcers  healed  at  the  top,  but 
the  bottom. 

HYRA'CEOM.  A  substance  found  in  the 
Cape  Colony,  which  Thunberg  and  other  travel- 
It is  mistook  for  a  kind  of  Bitumen  ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  I>r.  Pappe,  it  is  obtained  from  the  urine  of 
the  Klipdas  or  Hyrax  Capeusis,  which,  when 
passed,  is  thick  and  of  a  glutinous  nature.  The 
animal  is  in  the  habit  of  evacuating  the  urine  at 
one  spot,  where  its  aqueous  parts  evaporate  in 
ttie  sun  —  the  more  tenacious  adhering  to  the 
rock  and  hardening. 

In   smell,  and    medical   properties,   it  most  re- 
■embles  castor,  which,  according  to  Dr.  Pappe.  it 
place.      It  is  used  by  the  Cape  farmers   in 
nervous  and  spasmodic  affections. 

HYRAX  CAPENSIS,  Bee  Hyraceum. 

HYRTOCHEILIDES,  Labia  pudendi. 

HYSOPE,  Hyssopus. 

UYSSOP,  Hyssopus  —  h.  Hedge,  Gratiola  offi- 
cinalis. 

HYSSOPFTES.     Ancient  name  of  a  wine,  of 

which  hyssop  was  the  chief  ingredient,  and  which 

rides  extolled  in   chronic  inflammation  of 

the  chest.     It  was  regarded  as  diuretic  and  em- 

menagogue. 

HYSSO'PUS,  from  the  Hebr.  Azob,  Caetfala, 
Hyssnpu*  nfficiua'lia,  Common  hyssop,  (F. )  Hyeope. 
It  bas  been  chiefly  used  as  an  aromatic,  stimu- 
lant.  and  pectoral,  in  the  form  of  infusion. 

HYSTERA,   'vonpa,    'uoTLpn,    'the    uterus.' 

II  vsti  i:  \,  Secundines. 

HYSTERAL'GIA,    ffyeterodyn'ia,    (F.)    For- 

traiture,  from  'vorepa,  'the  Uterus,'  and  aAyoj, 
•pain.'  Pain  in  the  uterus.  Irritable  uterus,  (F.) 
Nivralyit  de  Vulirua.  Hippocrates  uses  the  epi- 
thet //</*'<  ral'gt ».  lOTtonXyr^,  for  any  thing  that  ex- 
erine  pain  ;  and,  especially,  [?]  for  vinegar. 

Htsteralgia  Catarrhal™,  Metrorrbenma  — 
b.  Galactica,  Phlegmntia  alba  dolens  —  h.  Lochi- 
ulis.  Dyslocbia — b.  Rheumatiea,  Bdetrorrheuma. 

HY8TEB  IPOPNIXIS,  Angone. 

HY8TER  ITRE'8IA,  Atretome'tria,  from 
'•ercaa,  'the  uterus,'  and  urpnTui,  'imperforate.' 
Iinperforation  of  the  os  uteri. 

HY8TERELC0'SIS,  from  Wiaa, 'uterus,'  and 
'i\ko(,  'an  ulcer.'  Uteri  •  tuleera'tio,  Uteri  ulcus. 
Ulceration  of  the  nt.  rus. 

HYSTERELOSIS,  Hysteroloxia, 

HY8TEREMPHYSEM  \.  Pbysometra, 

HYS1  E'RIA,  //.  Knj'i,  Hy*teriei*'mn»,Myeteri$* 


mne,  Bveteriae,  Wyeteri'atie,  Hyeteropathi'a,  JTi/- 
percine'eia  uteri' ua  sen  hytte'ria.  Uteri  adscen'- 
Toca'tia  hysterica  sen  uteri' ua  sen  mulie'- 
mm,  Asthma  u'teri,  P rat/oca' tio  wtatri't  >i»  sen 
uteri'na,  Syepn'eia  hyeteria.  Malum  hyeter'ieum 
sen  hyeterico-kypockoudri'acum,  Vapo're*  uteri'ni, 
Affec'tio  sen  Paeeio  hyeter'ica,  Morbus  hyeter'icue, 
Straugula'tio  uteri' ua  sen  Vulva?,  Vapour*,  ffye- 
ter'iem,  Hi/stair  jit,  Mother,  [V.)  Hyetirie,  Shu. 
de  M'/i,  Afaladie  imaginaire,  Paetion  hyatfrique, 
Suffocation  uterine,  Etranglement,  Epilepeix  nt,'- 
riuc,  Vapeure,  Manx  "'<  Nerfe,  from  'vtrrtpa,  'the 
Uterus.'  A  species  of  neurosis,  classed  amongst 
the  Bpasmi  by  Sausages  and  Cullen,  and  in  the 
i  de  la  ginSration,  by  Pin  el.  It  received 
the  name  of  hysteria,  because  it  was  reputed  to 
have  its  seat  in  the  uterus.  It  generally  occurs 
in  paroxysms;  the  principal  character-  of  which 
consist  in  alternate  fits  of  laughing  and  crying, 
with  a  sensation  as  if  a  ball  set  out  from  the 
uterus  and  ascended  towards  the  stomach,  chest, 
and  neck,  producing  a  sense  of  strangulation.  It' 
the  attack  be  violent,  there  is,  sometimes,  hiss  of 
consciousness  (although  the  presence  ofconscioua- 
nese  generally  distinguishes  it  from  epilepsy)  and 
convulsions.  The  duration  of  the  attacks  is  very 
variable.  It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  irre- 
gularity of  nervous  distrihution  in  very  impres- 
sible persons,  and  is  not  confined  to  the  female; 
for  well-marked  cases  of  hysteria  are  occasionally 
met  with  in  men.  During  the  fit, — dashing  cold 
water  on  the  face,  stimulants  applied  to  the  nose, 
or  exhibited  internally,  and  antispasmodics,  form 
the  therapeutical  agents.  Exercise,  tranquillity 
of  mind,  amusing  and  agreeable  occupations  con- 
stitute the  prophylactics.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

Hysteria  Catalkptica,  Catalepsy  —  h.  Vaga, 
Hysteria. 

HYSTERIAS,  Hysteria. 

IIVSTERIASIS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICA,  see  Hysterioal. 

HYSTER'ICAL,  Hystericus,  Va'pouriah,  Vat* 
pouring,  (F.)  Hystiriqne.  Same  etymon  as  hys- 
terical.     Relating  to  or  affected  with  hysteria. 

The  word  hysterica  was  used  by  Martial  for  a 
female  affected  with  nymphomania  or  with  strong 
sexual  desires. 

HYSTERTCISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICS,  Hysteria. 

II  VST  ERIE,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERITES,  Hydrometra. 

HYSTERITIS,  Metritis.  Hydrometra. 

HYSTEROCARCINOMA,  Metrooarcinoma, 

HYSTEROCE'LE,  from  'varum,  'the  womb,' 
and  Ku\r],  'hernia.'  Metroce'le,  Hcr'uia  u'teri, 
Hernia  <>f  the  womb.  This  is  a  rare  disease.  The 
womb  may  protrude  through  the  inguinal  or  the 
crural  canal,  or  through  the  lower  part  of  the 
Linen  alba. 

Hybtrrocelr  Xtnv,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

HYSTEROCOLICA,  Colica  uterina, 

HYSTEROCNES'MUS,  from  'vartfiO,  'uterus,' 
and  Kirja/tug,  'itching.'     Pruritus  of  the  uterus  or 

genitals. 

HYSTEROCB  INIUM,  Occiput. 

HYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy. 

HYS'TERO-CYSTIC,  Hys'terocyt'tieue,  from 
fv(TTLfju,  'the  uterus,'  and  kvotis,  'the  bladder.' 
Relating  to  the  uterus  and  bladder.  Some  au- 
thors have  called  Hyttero-eyetic  Retention  of  urine, 
that  which  is  caused  by  the  compression  of  tho 
bladder  by  the  uterus,  during  pregnancy. 

HYSTERO-CYSTOCB'LE,  from  Wfpa,  'the 
womb,'  event,  'the  bladder,' and  cvAn,  'a  tumour. 
Hernia  of  the  uterus  complicated  with  displace- 
ment of  the  bladder. 


HYSTERODYXIA 


4  86 


IATRIXE 


HYSTERODYXIA,  Hysteralgia. 

HYSTER03DEMA,  Hydrometra. 

HYS'TEROID,  Hystero'des,  Hy  sterol' des,  from 
'hysteria,'  and  etios,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
hysteria ; — as  a  hysteroid  disease,  symptom,  &c. 

HYSTEROL'OGY,  Hysterolog"ia,  from  'vorepa, 
'the  uterus/  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  sound  and  morbid  uterus. 

HYSTEROLOX'IA,  Hysterelo'sis,  Ohliq'uitaa 
seu  Situs  obi  i' quits  uteri,  Flexio  seu  Versio  in- 
comple'ta  seu  Invlina'tio  uteri,  Metmlox'ia,  Me- 
trocamps'is,  Metroacolie' ma,  Uterus  obli'qnus  seu 
Inelina'tm ;  from  'vartpa,  'the  uterus,'  and  lofrs, 
'oblique.'  An  oblique  position  of  the  uterus, 
occurring  during  pregnancy.  Anteversion  of  the 
uterus,  Hysterolox'ia  anterior,  Anterersio  seu 
Prona'tio  uteri,  Venter  propendens ;  and  Retro- 
version of  the  uterus,  Hysterolox'ia  posterior, 
Jietrover'sio  uteri,  Reflex'io  uteri  completa,  are 
varieties. 

HYSTEROMALA'CIA,  Hysteromalaco'sis,  Ily- 
eteromalaco'ma,  Metromalaco' 'sis,  Jfetromalaco'ma, 
Jfalaco'sis  uteri,  Emollit"ies  uteri  morbosa,  Pu- 
trescen'tia  u'teri  grav'idi,  from  'varrpa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  paXaKia,  'softness.'  Softness  of  the 
uterus  during  pregnancy,  which  renders  it  liable 
to  rupture  in  labour. 

IIYSTEROMALACOMA,  Hysteromalacia, 

HYSTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

HYSTEROMETER,  see  Sound,  uterine. 

HYSTEROMOCHLIUM,  Lever. 

HYSTERON'CUS,  from  'varspa.  'the  uterus,' 
and  oyKog,  'tumour.'  Metron'cus,  Hysterophy' ma, 
J/etrophyma,  Tumor  xtteri.  A  tumour  of  the 
uterus. 

HYSTER0-PARAL'YSIS,i7ys^rop/pV?'fl.from 
'varzpa,  'the  uterus,'  and  napaXvais,  'paralysis.' 
Paralysis  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTEROPATHI'A,  from  'varepa.  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  Tradoi,  'suffering.'  Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  uterus.  Also,  hysteria,  and  deutero- 
pathia. 

HYSTEROPHYMA,  Hysteroncus. 

HYSTEROPIIYSE,  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPH'YSIS,  from  'varspa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  </>i'<7>7,  'wind.'  Distension  of  the  uterus 
with  air;   Einpln/se'ma  u'teri. 

HYSTEROPLEGIA,  Hysteroparalysis. 

HYSTEROPNTX.  Angune. 

HYSTEROPOLYPUS,  Metropolypus. 

HYSTEROPSOPHIA,  Physometra, 

HYSTEROPTO'SIS,  from  'varepa,  'the  womb.' 
and  nruiais,  'fall;'  Prolapsus  uteri.    Also,  Inversio 


uteri,  Auas'tsnphe  uteri.  In  a  general  sense,  a 
protrusion  of  any  part  of  the  genital  organs  or  of 
excrescences  from  them  into  the  genital  passages,; 
jEdopto'sis. 

HvsTEROPTOsrs,  Prolapsus  uteri  —  h.  Vaginae 
prolapsus,  Prolapsus  vagina?. 

HYSTERORRIIAGIA  SANGUINEA,  Me- 
trorrhagia. 

HYSTERORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

HYSTERORRHCEA,  Metrorrhagia  — h.  Mu- 
cosa, Leucorrhcea. 

HYSTEROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

HYSTEROSCIRRHUS,  Metroscirrhus. 

HYS'TEROSCOPE,  from  'vonpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  okotthj),  'I  view.'  A  metallic  mirror,  used  in 
inspecting  the  state  of  the  os  uteri  for  throwing 
the  rays  of  a  taper  to  the  bottom  of  the  speculum 
uteri. — Colombat  de  Vis  ere. 

HYSTEROSPASM'US,  from  'varepa,  'the 
womb/  and  onaopos,  'spasm.'  Spasm  of  the  ute- 
rus.    Also,  hysterical  spasm. 

HYSTEROSTOMA,  Os  uteri. 

HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS,  from  'vcrepa,  'the 
womb/  oTopa,  'orifice/  and  repveiv,  'to  cut.'  An 
instrument  invented  by  Coutouly  for  dividing  the 
os  uteri,  when  it  is  important  to  deliver  immedi- 
ately, as  in  cases  of  convulsions. 

HYSTEROSTOMIUM,  Os  uteri. 

HYSTEROSYNIZESIS,  Metrosynizesis. 

HYSTEROTOME,  Hysterotomus. 

HYSTEROTOM'IA,  Hysterotomy.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Hysterotomus.  Caesarean  section.  Also, 
dissection  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA,  Csesarean  section. 

HYSTEROT'OMUS,  Hysterotomy  Metrot'onnta, 
Metrotome,  from  'varepa,  'the  womb/ and  repvetv, 
'to  cut.'  An  instrument  for  dividing  the  womb 
through  the  vagina.  It  is  a  kind  of  Bistouri 
cache,  and  is  intended  to  divide  the  cervix  and 
OS  uteri, — Hysterostomat'om us. 

HYSTEROTRISM'US,  from  'varepa,  'the 
womb/  and  rpi^i,  'I  gnash.'  Spasmodic  contrac- 
tion of  the  uterus,  especially  of  its  mouth. 

HYSTREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

HYSTRIASIS,  Hystriciasis. 

JIYSTRICI'ASIS,  Hystri'asis,  Hys'trix,  Hys- 
tricis'mus,  Cerostro'sis,  Tricho'sis  seto'sa,  from 
'varpi!-,  'varpi%os,  'a  hedgehog  or  porcupine.'  A 
disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect 
like  the  quills  of  the  porcupine. 

HYSTRrCISMUS,  Hystriciasis. 

HYSTRIX,  Hystriciasis. 

HYVES,  Hives. 


IAMA.  Medicament. 

IAMATOLOGY,  Materia  medica. 

IAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescrip- 
tion. 

IAMATOSYNTAXTS.  see  Composition. 

IAMATOTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescription. 

IASIMOS.  Curable. 

IASTS,  Curation. 

LATER  I  A.  Medicina. 

IATERIUS,  Medicinal. 

IATRALEIP'TICE,  Iatraliptice  (Ars),  Iatra- 
leipfic  or  latralip'tic  method;  from  iarpo$,  'a 
physician/  and  aXeupw,  'I  anoint.'  The  method 
of  treating  diseases  adopted  by  the  Iatraleptes, — 
that  is,  by  friction  chiefly. 

IATRALEP'TES,     latraleip'tes,     Iatralip'ta, 


Iatroleip'tes,  Med'icus  TJnguenta'rius.  One  who 
treats  diseases  by  unguents,  frictions,  and  by  ex- 
ternal means  generally.  Prodicus,  a  disciple  of 
iEsculapius,  was  the  chief  of  the  Iatraleptes. 

IATRALIPTES,  Iatraleptes. 

IATRALIPTICE.  Iatraleiptice. 

IATREUSIOLOG"IA,  from  tarpevats,  'the  ex- 
ercise of  the  art  of  healing/  and  Aoyoj,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of  the  exercise  of  the 
healing  art. — Reil. 

IATREUSIS.    The  exercise  of  the  healing  art. 

IATRIA,  Medicina. 

IATRICE,  Medicina. 

IATRICUS,  Medical;  see  Digitus. 

IATRI'NE,  Medicina.  Also,  a  female  practi- 
tioner of  medicine  ;  a  midwife. 


I  AT  11 1  ()N 


48 


ICTERUS 


IATRI'ON,  larpciov,  f,itr,',,„.   lii'tnm,   Tetri'uH, 

r„,(.  The  boose  or  office  of  ;i  physician 
or  surgeon.  Abo,  the  physician's  fee  or  hono- 
rarium. 

I  \  rROCIIEMI  \.  Chymiatria, 

1A  ri;<»(  in  M  l  \.  Chymiatria. 

1  A  CROG  SQWlCAJittroguom'ici  ;  from  mrpng, 
'a  physician,'  and  yivwoKw,  '  I   know.'     A  know- 
medical  objects.  — Hufoland. 

1  kTROLEIPTKS,  [atraleptca. 

[ATROLOG"IA,    latrol'ogy,    from    iarf<*,    'a 
hi,'  and  X«]  iption.'     A  treatise 

on  physic  and  physicians. 

LATROMAN'TIS,  from  tcrpos,  'n  physician.' 
and  ptmvrua,  'divination.'  A  physician  who  is  a 
soothsayer. 

1  vi  RO  M  \ THEM  \TI('  KL     PHYSICIANS, 
mthmiat'ici.     Mechanical  physicians. 

[ATROMKCH  \NI<T.  Mechanical  physicians. 

1  LTRON,  [atrion. 

IATROPHYSICS,  Physics,  medical. 

1  a  rROS,  [atrus. 

1  tTROSOPH IS'TA. from  tarpos,  'aphysician,' 
arnl  mfimis,  'one  skilled  in  an  art  or  science.' 
A  learned,  or  thoroughly  educated  physician. 

lATROTECH'NA,  latrotech'nea ;  from  (arpor, 
'a  physician,'  and  reXvrj,  'art.'  A  practical  phy- 
sician or  surgeon. 

[ATROTECHNICE,  Medicina,  Therapeutics. 

IATRUS,  [atros,  Physician;  also,  a  surgeon. 

I  BER  IS.  Lepidiura  iberis. 

Ibk'iiis  Ama'ra,    Bitter  candytuft,  (F.)  Pnaae- 

from    Iberia,   where   it    is   indigenous.      A 

small  herbaceous  plant,  Ord.  Cruciferse,  indigen- 

8M  in   BuTope,  which  was  employed,  of  old,  in 

gmit,    rheumatism,    Ac.       The    G Is    have    been 

n-,'. i.  in  the  dose  of  one  to  three  grains,  in  asthma. 
bronchitis,  dropsy,  ami  hypertrophy  of  the  heart. 
i  is  aero- narcotic  properties;  but 

it  is  n"t  much  usi 

-  Bursa  Pastoris,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  i. 
Canipe.-tris.  Thlaspi  campestre  —  i.  Sophia,  Car- 
daroine  pratensis. 

[BICUIBA,  Beeuiba,  Becuiba  mis.     A  species 
of  nut  from  Brazil,  the  emulsive  kernel  of  which 
ked  amongst  balsamic  remedies. 

[BIS,  <  Us.     A  bird  held  sacred  by  the  Egyp- 

a  sick,  it  is  asserted  that  it  was  wont 

to  injeol  the  water  of  the  Nile  into  its  fundament: 

whence,  according  to  Langius,  was  learned  the 

IBISCHA  MISMALVA,  Althma. 

IBISCUS,  Allhaa. 

IBIXD  M  A.  Saponaria. 

1<  E,  Sax.  ir,  G/n'ciea,  Frozen  water,  (F.)  Glace. 
;-    much   used    internally,  as   the  best 
mt  iii  fever.     It  is,  also,  applied  exter- 
nally, in  cases  of  externa]  inflammation,  as  well 
a?  in  pbrenitic  and  hernial  affections,  <fec,  in  the 
(bra  of  the  ice-eopand  ice-eataplaam  or  iee-ponl- 
formed    hy    half    filling   a   bladder    with 
pound  d  ice. 

ICE  CAP,  see  Ice. 

I  OLD,   fey  cold,  (V.)   Froid  glacial     A 
very  strong  morbid  sensation  of  cold,  compared 
I  to  that  which  would  be  produced 
ipplfeation  of  pieces  of  ice. 
P01  LTICE,  see  foe. 

LAND,  MINBB  IL  WATERS  OP.  Hoi 
-  are  found  in  every  pari  of  Iceland.  The 
most  noted  of  these  is  one  called  Geyser,  two 
"inoy  from  Hecla,  and  near  Bkalholt 
The  diameter  of  the  basin  is  .'•'•>  feet;  and  the 
bsigbl  towhioh  the  water  is  thrown  is  often  mure 
than  100.     The  heal  of  the  water  Is  L'12°. 

I'  I.  PLANT,    Mesembryanthemum   crystalli- 
num.  Monotropa  uoiflora. 

ICHNOS,  iywf.    The  foot.    The  sole  of  the  foot. 
The  heel. 


ICHOR.  i\i>>p,  Ifhus.  The  serum  of  the  blood, 
Saniee,  Sortie*,  Virtu,  I'"*  ntalig'nun*,  Tabum. 
A  thin.  aqueOUS,  and  acrid  discharge. 

rCHOROIDES,  Ichorous. 

LCH'OROUS,      Ir/n.rn'snx,      /,■//  DTO«'  0*4  *.     >'„„/,/- 

tion*,  (F.)  Ickorcux,  iSaiiitux.    Belonging 
to  or  resembling  ichor. 

[CHOS,    Iehor. 

It'll  I'llY A.  Hook,  blast 

[CHTHYOCOL'LA,from  <xV.  i^Suo?,  '■  fish,' 
and  kuWu,  'glue.'  Colla  Pie'ciuui,  I'ainglaac, 
Fixh-ylur,  (F.J  TehthyocoUe,  Chile  de  Poieaou.  A 
name  given  to  the  dried  swimming  bladdi  r  or 
$onnd  of  Acipenaer  iase,  and  other  species  of 
acipenser,  which  is  almost  wholly  composed  of 
gelatin,  and  is  employed  in  medicine  in  the  for- 
mation of  nutritive  jellies.  It  is.  also,  occasion- 
ally used  iii  anatomical  injections.  The  Englieh 
Gwmrt  Flatter  \»  made  with  it.  In  Russia,  the 
Acipenser  is  not  the  only  gen  US  from  which  isin- 
glass is  procured  j  it  is  also  obtained  from  Silu'- 
rttt  cimiis,  which  Dr.  Royle  suggests  to  be  the 
source  of  the  Samovy  or  Somovy  hinglaae  of  com- 
merce. The  sounds  of  the  cod,  ling,  bake,  &c, 
yield  it.  From  these  it  is  made  in  New  England; 
and.  in  England,  is  termed  New  York  lainglaaa. 

[CHTHYOPH'AGISTS,  Tehthyoph'ngi,  from 
tX$vs,  ix^vos,  *a  lish,'  and  (p<iyw,  'I  cat.'  People 
who  feed  habitually  on  iish  ; — generally  the  most 
uncivilized  of  mankind. 

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS,  Piscivorous. 

WHTUYOSE,  Ichthyosis. 

ICHTHYOSIS,  from  iX$vS  ix$vos,  'a  fish,' 
from  the  resemblance  of  the  scales  to  those  of  a 
fish.  Lepido'afa,  Tchthyi'aaia,  L.  Fchthyo'aie,  Le- 
pra Tchthyo'aie,  Alvaraa  nigra  (Arab.),  Tmpeti'go 
excorticati'va,  (F.J  Iehthyoae :  Fiahakin,  Porcu- 
pine Diaeaae.  A  permanently  harsh,  dry,  scaly, 
and.  in  some  cases,  almost  horny  texture  of  the 
integuments  of  the  body,  unconnected  with  in- 
ternal disorder.  Willan  and  IJateman  have  two 
varieties,  /.  simplex  and  /.  coined.  Alibert  has 
three,  the  /.  iimri'e  or  pearly,  the  /.  cm-nee,  and 
the  /.  pellagre  or  Pellagra. 

ICHTHTOSIS  PBLLAflKA,  Pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Skra'cka,  Seba'eeont  lehtkyo'ci*. 
A  morbid  incrustation  of  a  concrete  Bubaceous 
substance  upon  the  surface  of  the  epidermis,  con- 
founded, according  to  Mr.  E.  Wilson,  with  ich- 
thyosis, to  which  it  bears  a  close  resemblance. 
In  many  cases  there  is  neither  redness  nor  heat, 
nor  is  the  affection  often  accompanied  by  consti- 
tutional Bymptoms. 

[CHTHYOTOX'ICUM,  from  tXSvS.  ,x$»oS.  'a 
fish,'  and  to^ikov,  'a  poison;'  JcL'tligns,  fish 
poison. 

[4  II THYDS,  Iohtbyotoxicum. 

I'CICA  ARACOUCHI'NI.  Aracouchim  is  a 
balsam,  extracted  by  incision  from  this  tree  in 
Guyana.      The  (Jalibis  use  it  for  healing  wounds. 

[CICA  ICICARIBA,  see  Amyris  eiemifera. 

[CTAR,  Vulva. 

ICTEIIE,  Icterus  —  i*.  Blew,  Cyanopathy  —  f. 
dea  Nouvenu-ne*,  Icterus  infantum —  i.  Noire, 
Melana. 

ICTERIC,  Ictericus. 

ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see  Re- 
lapee. 

WTtRlClE,  Icterus. 

ICTERICUS,  Ant iiet eric.  Also,  relating  to,  or 
rembling  Icterus;  Id  Uric,  IcteroVdea,  Ictero'- 
dea,  (F. )  Tcttriqne. 

ICTERITIA  ALBA,  Chlorosis— L  Flara,  Icte- 
rus— i.  Rubea,  Erysipelas — i.  Rubra,  Erysipelas. 

[CTERODES.  I'ctericus. 

ICTERUS,  I.  fiavua  sen  seres,  from  <*r«;,  a 
ipecies  of  weasel,  whose  eyes  are  yellow  [?}.  (IxTtpot 

meant,  with    the    ancients,  a  yellow   I'ird,  perha|.3 
the  Oriole;)  Morbua  orcua'tua  seu  ar qua' tut,  Lac- 


ICTODES   FCETIDUS 


488 


IGNATIA   AMARA 


oil  morbus  (Paracelsus),  Auru'go,  Auri'go,  3for- 
/>,ih  regitia  seu  lute'olus,  Cholelith' ia  icterus,  Cho- 
li/ica'mia,  Choice' mia,  Cholopla'nia,  Cholo'sis,  Der- 
matocholo'aia,  Suffn'aio  aurigino'sa  seu  fellia  seu 

bilis,  Icteritia  jlava,  //'ens  jiavus  seu  ictero'ides, 
Gachex'  ia  ictejr'iea,  Fellia  stiff u'sio  seu  obatruc'tio 
seu  Stiperfn'aio,  Bil'ioua  Dya'craay,  Jaundice, 
Yellow*,  Jaudcrs,  Jaunders,  (Sc.)  Gulachoeh, 
(Prov.)  Jonas,  (F.)  Jctere,  FctSricie,  Jannisse, 
Jiile  re" pan  due.  A  disease,  the  principal  symptom 
of  which  is  yellowness  of  the  skin  and  eyes,  with 
white  faeces  and  high-coloured  urine.  It  admits 
of  various  causes  ;  in  fact,  anything  which  can 
directly  or  indirectly  obstruct  the  course  of  the 
bile,  so  that  it  is  taken  into  the  mass  of  blood  and 
produces  the  yellowness  of  surface  ;  —  the  bile 
being  separated  by  the  kidneys,  causes  yellowness 
of  urine,  and  its  being  prevented  from  reaching  the 
intestine  occasions  the  pale-coloured  faeces.  The 
prognosis,  in  ordinary  cases,  is  favourable  ; — when 
complicated  with  hepatic  disease,  unfavourable. 
The  treatment  is  simple  :  —  an  emetic  or  purga- 
tive, given  occasionally  so  as  to  elicit  the  return 
of  the  bile  to  its  ordinary  channels  ;  light  tonics  ; 
Unirritating  diet;  cheerful  company,  &c. 
Icterus  Albus,  Chlorosis. 

Icteiujs  INFANTUM,  I.  Neonato'rum,  Nentoc- 
ict'erus.Pcediet'erus,  Auri'go  ueophyto' rum,  Yellow 
gum,  Yellow  gown,  (F.)  Ictere  des  nonvean-nes,  is  a 
common  affection,  and  frequently  dependent  upon 
obstruction  of  the  choledoch  duct  b}-  the  meco- 
nium. It  requires  time;  and  castor  oil,  occa- 
sionally. 

Icterus  Mel  AS,  Melaena —  i.  Neonatorum,  I. 
infantum — i.  Niger,  Melaena. 

Icterus  Saturni'nus,  Lead  jaundice.  The 
earthy-yellow  hue  in  saturnine  cachexy. 

Icterus  Vir'idis,  Green  jaundice.  Icterus 
■when  the  skin  is  of  a  green  or  olive  hue. 

ICTODES  FCETIDUS,  Dracontium  fcetidum. 
ICTUS.      'A    stroke    or    blow;'   P/ege,    Plaga. 
Ictus  solis,  a  stroke  of  the  sun.     See  Go  up  de  ao- 
leil.     Ictus,  also,  means  the  pulsation  of  an  artery, 
and  the  sting  of  a  bee  or  other  insect. 

Ictus,  Blow — i.  Cordis,  see  Heart — i.  Cordis  et 
arteriarum,  Pulse  —  i.  Sanguinis,  Apoplexy  —  i. 
Solis,  Coup  de  soleil. 

IDE'A,  Id'ea,  Ido'lum,  Ideach  [?  Paracelsus], 
(F.)  Idee,  from  eidw,  'I  see.'  The  image  or  re- 
presentation of  an  object  in  the  mind. 

Idea,  Fixed  or  Predominant,  Id'ea  fxa, 
Ideopeg'ma.  Tension  of  the  mind  on  one  notion  ; 
often  observed  in  insanity. 

Id'ea  Morbi.    Knowledge  or  idea  of  a  disease. 
IDEACH,  Idea. 
IDEAGENOUS,  Sentiment. 
IDE'AL,  Idea' lis.     Mental,  notional,  fancied. 
Morbi  ideales.     Ideal    diseases.      Diseases    of 
the  imagination, 

IDEA'TION,  Idea'tio,  from  'idea.'    The  estab- 
lishment of  a  distinct  mental  representation  or 
idea  of  an  object. 
IDEE,  Idea. 

IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL),  Iden'titas,  from 
idem,  '  the  same.'  Sameness.  It  is  sometimes  a 
question  in  legal  medicine  to  decide  upon  per- 
sonal identity  :  that  is,  whether  an  individual  be 
the  same  he  represents  himself  to  be.  Physical 
marks  form  the  great  criteria. 

IDEOL'OGY,  Ideolog"ia,  from  eiSw,  'I  see,' 
and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  ideas. 
Intellectual  philosophy. 

FDEO-MOTOR.  A  name  given  by  Dr.  Car- 
penter to  muscular  movements,  the  result  of  com- 
plete engrossment  by  an  idea,  which  he  regards 
as  automatic,  although  originating  in  the  cere- 
brum. 

IDEOPEGMA,  Idea,  fixed. 


IDEOSYXCHYSIE,  Delirium. 

IDIANCEA.  Idiotism. 

IDIAPOCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

IDIEMPRESIS,  Combustion,  human. 

IDIOCRASIS,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDIOGTONIA,  Suicide. 

IDIOCY.  Idiotism. 

IDIO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

IDIOPATHIC,  Idiopathei'a,  Protopathi^a, 
Pio'prius  affechta,  Morbus  idiopnth'icna  seu  pro- 
prius  seu  prima' ri us  seu  protopath'icua  ?eu  ori- 
gina'lis,  Malum  prima' rium,  from  tdios,  'peculiar, 
proper/  and  ratios,  'an  affection.'  A  primary 
disease;  one  not  depending  on  anv  other. 

IDIOPATHIC,  Pro'prio  hab'itu  seu  Cnstitn- 
tio'ne  pro' prid  pendens,  Idiopath'icus,  Idiop'a- 
thes.  Primary  affections  and  their  symptoms  are 
so  denominated. 

IDIOPTCY,  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOPTS,  see  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOSYXCRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy— i.  Hemor- 
rhagica, Haematophilia — i.  Olfactoria,  Parosmia. 

IDIOSYN'CRASY,  Idioc'raay,  Idiosyn'crasis, 
Idiosyncra'sia,  Idiot rop'ia,  Idioc'raaia,  Idiosyn- 
cris'ia,  from  ibios,  'peculiar,'  cvv,  'with,'  and 
Kpaois,  'temperament.'  A  peculiarity  of  consti- 
tution, in  which  one  person  is  affected  by  an 
agent  which,  in  numerous  others,  would  produce 
no  effect.  Thus,  shell-fish,  bitter  almonds,  pro- 
duce urticaria  in  some,  by  virtue  of  their  idiosyn- 
crasies.    Others  faint  at  the  sight  of  blood,  &c. 

ID'IOT,  Idio'ta,  '  foolish,  stupid,  ignorant.' 
Now  used  for  one  who  is  fatuous,  or  who  docs 
not  possess  sufficient  intellectual  faculties  for  the 
social  condition,  and  for  preserving  himself  from 
danger, — Homo  fat'  tins,  (Prov.)  Da/cop,  Fondling, 
Ilobbil.  In  law,  one  who  has  been  without  un- 
derstanding from  his  birth,  and  whom  the  law 
presumes  to  be  never  likely  to  attain  any. 

IDIOTIA,  Idiotism — i.  Endermica,  Cretinism. 

ID  10  TIE,  Idiotism. 

ID'IOTISM,  Idiotis'mns,  Idioti'a,  Idiance'a, 
Indjecil'-litas  mentis;  3Io'ria  de  mens,  Anoz'a,  Mo'- 
ria,  Moro'sis,  Meio'aia,  Fatu'itas,  Amoi'tia,  De- 
rnen'tia  natura'lis,  Stupid'itas,  Vecor'dia,  Imbe- 
cill'itas  Ingen'ii,  Id'iocy,  Id'iotcy,  Fntu'ity.  (F.) 
Demence  innee,  Idiotisme,  Idiotic  Apsychisme. — 
Piorry.  Same  etymon.  A  species  of  unsound 
mind,  characterized  by  more  or  less  complete  ob- 
literation of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties. 
It  may  supervene  on  mania  and  melancholia, 
when  it  is  termed  Demen'tia,  but  more  commonly 
it  depends  upon  original  conformation.  It  may 
also,  be  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
brain,  which  has  come  on  after  birth.  Idiotism 
exists  in  various  degrees.  Some  idiots  are  mere 
automata,  exhibiting  scarcely  any  sensibility  to 
external  impressions;  others  are  capable  of  arti- 
culating a  few  words,  and  possess  certain  mental 
emotions  to  a  limited  extent.  The  physiognomy 
is  usually  vacant,  step  unsteady,  and  articulation 
imperfect  or  broken.  The  affection  is  almost  al- 
wavs  incurable:  but.  it  may  often  be  palliated. 
IDIOTISME.  Idiotism. 

IDIOTISMUS,  Idiotism  —  i.  Endemicus,  Cre- 
tinism. 

IDIOTROPIA,  Idiosyncrasy. 
IDOLUM,  Hallucination,  Idea. 
IDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 
IETRION,  Iatrion. 
//',  Taxus  baccata. 
IFFIDES,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
IGDE.  Mortar. 
IGDIS.  Mortar. 

IGNA'TIA  AMA'RA,  Strychnos  Igna'tii,  Tg- 
natia'na  Philippin'ica.  Ord.  Apocynaceae.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  which  affords  St. 
Ignatius's  Bean,  Faba  In'dica  seu  Sancti  Igna'- 
tii   seu  febrif'uga,   (F.)   Ignatie,    Fere    dc   Saint 


IGXATIE 


I  L  E  X 


J,r,,u:-.  X  V  riixur.    The  seeds  ore  bitter  and 

us,  containing  strychnia,  and  only  appear 

■  from  mix  vomica  in  containing  a  larger 

proportion  of  thai  alkaloid. 

1QNA  TIE,  [gnatia  amara, 

1 1 ;  N  I VI  \.    Inertia  —  i.  BCU  Ignavitas  partium 

u  id,  Impotence. 
[QNIS,  '  fire.'     B 

s,  Caaterinm — i.  Animalis,  Ani- 
mal beat 

[ams  Cai/idus.     'Ahot  fire.'     A  violent  in- 
flammation, about  to  degenerate  into  gangrene. 
[ojfis  I  01  i  mi  1.1  e,  Erysipelas. 

iim.s.     'A  cold  fire.'     Sphacelus. 
I«;m^  N\m  kalis.  Animal  heat  —  i.   Persicus, 
Anthrax.  Herpes  soster — i.  Philosophicus,  Phos- 
phorus—  i.  Potentialis,  see  Caoterium — i.  5 
Erysipelas,    Herpes   zoster  —  i.    Sancti   Antonii, 
Erysi| 

[qsis  Sapibs'tiux.     The  ancient  name  for  the 

ing. 

.  vi 'his.  J,  aylvea'tria  sen  volat'icua 

s-eu  tola'griue,  Stroph'ulua  aylvea'tria  Ben   volat'- 

muvage.  ou  volage, 

Flamb»i*e.     Probably,   the   Porri'gn  larva'lia  or 

Cnula  lae'tea  of  infants.     Also,  a  transient  red- 

the  face  and  neck,  sometimes  observed  in 

hysterical  and  cblorotic  females. 

!i  Svi  vi >  i  els,  I.  sylvaticus —  i.  Vitalis, 
Animal  heat — i.  Volagrius,  I.  sylvaticns — i.  Vo- 
laticus,  I   svlvati 

IGNIVOROUS,  Pyrophagus. 
[GNYE,  Poples. 
[GNYS,  Poples. 
ILAPHIS,  Arctium  lappa. 
II. K  \.  Flanks. 
rLEAC  1'  VSSION,  Ileus. 
[LEADELPH'US.from  ileum,  'the  ileon.'  and 
■ecX**;,  '  brother.'     A  double  monster,  united  at 
the  pelvis,  and  below. 

[LECH,  Tleeh,  Ilei'aa.  Waa'ter,  Ylia'ter,  Elf- 

Ilinn'trnm,    Ilei'adaa,   llei'doa,    tlei'adnm, 

Jti'niliis.      Terms  used   by  Paracelsus  to  'i'~:_r- 

nate  the  first   matter:  —  the  beginning  of  every 

thin?- 

fLBIADOS.  Ilecb. 
ILEIADUM,  Ilech. 
ILE1  \S.  [lech. 
1 1.  KM '-is.  [lech. 

II.!  !  riS.  from  ileum,  '  the  intestine  ileum,' 
nnd  ifi>,  a  - 1 1 fR  x  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  ileum. 

rLEO.  In  composition,  relating  or  appertain- 
ing tn  i'i"  ileum. 

[LEO  CHOLOSIS,  Diarrhoea,  hilious. 
[L'EO-COLIC,    lien- co' liens.     Relating  to  the 
ileum  And  colon: — as  the  ileo-eolic  valve  or  valve 
of  Baubin. 

[LEQ  I  OLITIS,  Enteritis. 
ILEO  DICUDITE,  see  Typhus. 
ILBO  LUMBAR,  lUo-lHmba'lh,  ttia-UmMri: 
Belonging  to  the  ilium  and  lumbar  region. 

lumbar  Artery,  flio-lnmbar  artery,   Tll- 

■..■uhrr,  i'CIi.  )  i-  piven  off  by  the  h] 

•  posite  the  base  of  the  sacrum.     It  ascends 

behind  the  psoas  muscle,  and  divides  into  two 

branches  ;  —an  ascending  and  a  trannene,  which 

ramification-;  to  the  neighbour- 

LnnBAB  Lto'awrbtt,  Wo-lumbar  or  Wo. 
fnmbo-ver'tebral lign  >■    '.  I '•    tehro-iliac  ligament, 
road,  membraniform,  triangular  ligament, 
extending  horiaontally  from  the  transverse  pro- 
th  lumbar  vertebral  to  the  m  | 
ui  of  the  • 
ral  column  with  the  pelvis. 
II.'  I  '  '  ■'« ■••/.      I 'ntt  uti'mim 

ci rctun cot u't urn,  from  «Xu»-,  'to  turn,'   'to   twi.-t.' 


Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  longest 
portion  of  the  small  intestine,  which  extends 
from  the  jejunum  to  the  caecum.  It  was  so 
called  from  its  forming  a  considerable  number 
of  Convolutions. 

ILEOPYRA,  see  Typhus. 

[LEOSIS,   Hens. 

[LEO-TYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

//./;>'.  Flanks. 

[L'EUS,  Ei'leoe,   from   «>««,  'I  twist   or  eon- 
tract.'    Co'lica  ll<  it*  sen  apnaimtd't'ea,  EnU  r<  h  '-in, 


Enterelo' 


IfrllH 


\an\od  iena,     Chnt  dap'aua, 

Tli'aca,  Mac  or   Ileae   Patnion,    Vol'ruluef 

.',,'  wet,  Control' 'vnlua,  Tornien'tum^ 

■  'tin  fnteatino'rum,  Enteroateuo'aia  polnilua, 

(P.)  Colique  de  Bliaerieorde,  C.  de  B1i«tn 

.  characterized  by  deep  Beated  pain  of  the 
abdomen,  stercoraceous  vomiting,  and  obstinate 
COU3tipation.  It  is  occasioned  by  hernia  or  other 
obstruction  to  the  passage  of  the  faeces  through 
a  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  Enteroateno'aia.  The 
term  Ileus  has  been  applied  to  various  affections 
—  to  simple  nervous  colic,  intussusception,  and  to 
strangulation  of  the  small  intestine,  &c.  Various 
remedies  have  been  employed} — the  majority  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  alvine  evacuations. — as 
purgatives,  in  draught,  pill,  or  glyster;  supposi- 
tories, tobacc  pure  mercury  ;  leaden 
bullets;  antispasmodics  and  narcotic.-:  Misters 
to  the  epigastrium  ;  ice  by  the  mouth,  or  injected 
into  the  rectum.  Some  of  these  have,  occasion- 
ally, succeeded,  —  especially  the  tobacco  glyster, 
and  ice  to  the  tumour,  where  the  disease  hi 
occasioned  by  strangulated  hernia.  It  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ilk  is  Flavis.  Icterus  —  i.  Icteroides,  Icterus 
— i.  Inflammatorius.  Enteritis. 

ILEX  AQUIFO'LIUM.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Holly,  Aqui/o'lium,  Agri/o'lium, 
yrpuos  of  the  ancients  [?],  (l'rov.)  / 
Holy*,  Holene,  (P.)  Horn,  11.  comtnun  on  Chine 
vert.  Orel.  AquifoliaceSB.  The  leaves  of  this 
plant  have  been  recommended  as  tonic,  astrin- 
gent, and  antiseptic,  and  have  been  prescribed  in 
atonic  gout,  intermittent?,  dyspepsia,  Ac.  Il'i- 
eine,  the  active  principle,  has  also  been  advised. 
It  is  obtained  by  dissolving  the  alcoholic  extract 
of  the  leaves  of  the  holly  in  water,  and  succes- 
sively treating  it  with  the  subacetate  of  lead,  sul- 
phuric acid,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  filtered 
and  evaporated  product  is  then  dissolved  in  alco- 
hol :  and  the  mixture  filtered  and  evaporated  in 
shallow  vessels. 

Ilkx  Gasbikk,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

Ilkx  Major.  Prom  the  berries  of  this  tree, 
called  by  the  Spaniards  BeUotaa,  a  juice  may  he 
expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent 
emulsion  with  water,  and  has  been  recommended 
by  some  Spanish  physicians  in  humid  cough,  bap. 
moptysis,  Ac. 

Ilkx  Matk,  Ilex  parogm  I 

Ilkx  Opa'ca,  American  Hoffy,  grows  through- 
out the  Atlantic  portion  of  the  United  Btal 
is  said  to  i —  me  properties  as  the  Eu- 

ropean variety. 

Ilkx  Parach  Rir*Rls,  Vihur'num  teniga'tnm  sen 
r ',»«*•/', ,.  'nl  Peru' g no  bcu  Carotin  ia'nn, 

I.   Mm,  .-  a  native  of  Paraguay,     h  affords  tho 
celebrated  Bfattee,or  Mali,  Folia  Apalach 
/', -rn't/Htp,  whieh  is  drunk  in  place  of  the  Chinese 
tea  by  the  people  of  Paraguay.     By  M.  Lenoble, 
of  Montevideo,  the  male  is   referred  to  /'• 
glandnlo'aa. 

Ilkx  Yomito'im  \,  X.  Cnai'ne,  Caaai'na,  I'n- 
hoon  holly,  Apalack'ini  Gallia,  South-Sea  Tea, 
Ev'ergreen  Caaai'ni,  Caaaee'na,  fanpon,  I  <</"  », 
(F.)  77//  de*  Apalaehea,  Ho*a  Apalochine,  Apa- 
e,  Thi  de  la  Mer  dn  Sua\  A  tree,  indige- 
notti  in  the  Boathern  parts  of  the  United  States. 


ILIA 


490 


ILLI 


The  leaves,  when  dried,  are  aromatic,  stimulant, 
stomachic,  and  expectorant,  and  are  used  as  a 
tea.     When  fresh,  they  are  emetic  and  cathartic. 

ILIA.  Flanks. 

ILIAC,  Ili'aeus,  Trial,  (F.)  Iliaqne,  from  Ilia, 
'the  Hanks.'  Relating  to,  or  connected  with,  the 
flanks. 

Iliac  Arteries,  Arte'rice  TH'aca;.  This  term 
has  been  given  to  several  arteries.  The  Primary 
Macs,  (F.)  A.  Iliaqnes  primitives, —  Pelvicrurales, 
(Ch.)  arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  aorta,  op- 
posite the  body  of  the  4th  lumbar  vertebra,  and 
descend,  in  a  divergent  manner;  until,  opposite 
the  sacro-iliac  symphysis,  they  divide  into  two 
considerable  trunks, — the  interval  Iliac  or  hypo- 
gastric (which  see),  and  the  external  Iliac — Por- 
tion Iliaqne  de  la  cr urate,  (Ch.)  This  proceeds 
from  the  sacro-iliac  juncture  as  far  as  the  crural 
arch,  when  it  assumes  the  name  Femoral  Artery. 
Before  passing  under  the  arch  it  gives  off  two 
pretty  considerable  branches.  —  the  Epigastric, 
and  the  Circumflexa  Ilii.  This  last,  which  is 
called,  also,  anterior  Iliac  by  some  anatomists. — 
Circonfexe  de  V Ilium  (Ch.) ;  leaves  the  external 
iliac  at  the  crural  arch.  It  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  iliacus  muscle,  and  divides  into 
two  branches — an  internal  and  an  external. 

The  Iliaca  Inter'iia  Minor  seu  Ilio  lumbal' i ft  is 
a  small  artery,  which  sometimes  arises  from  the 
hypogastric;  at  others,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
gluteal.  It  is  sent,  chiefly,  to  the  psoas  and  ilia- 
cus internus  muscles. 

Iliac  Crest,  Crista  II'H,  is  the  upper  margin 
of  the  ilium.  (F.)  Crete  Iliaque.  It  is  very  thick, 
and  curved  like  the  Italic  S.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

Imac  Foss^;  are  two  in  number;  the  internal, 
the  depression  presented  by  the  ilium  on  its  inte- 
rior, and  at  the  upper  part  in  which  the  Iliacus 
internus  is  lodged  : — and  the  external,  an  excava- 
tion on  the  outer  surface  of  the  same  bone,  occu- 
pied by  the  Glutcei  muscles. 

Iliac  Muscle.  Internal,  Ili'acus  internus 
Muscle,  Hiacus,  Iliaco-trochanferien  (Ch.)  ;  Fe- 
mur moven'tium  sep'timus.  Iliac  muscle,  is  situate 
in  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  at  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  radiated,  tri- 
angular;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  two  upper 
thirds  of  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  to  the  internal  part  jj 
of  the  iliac  crest : — below,  it  terminates  by  a  ten- 
don, which  is  common  to  it  .and  the  psoas  mag- 
nus,  and  is  fixed  into  the  lesser  trochanter.  When 
this  muscle  contracts,  it  bends  the  pelvis  on  the 
thigh,  and  conversely.  It  is  also  a  rotator  of  the 
thigh  outwards,  and  prevents  the  trunk  from 
falling  backwards. 

Iliac  Passion,  Ileus. 

Iliac  Regions,  Pegio'ves  ili'aca~>,  Inan'ia,  are 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen  between  the  ribs  and 
the  hips. 

Iliac  Spines,  Spinous  Proc"esses  of  the  Ilium, 
are  four  in  number.  They  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  posterior.  Of  the  anterior,  one  is 
superior.  It  bounds  the  crista  ilii  anteriorly,  and 
affords  origin  to  the  sartorius  muscle.  The  other 
is  inferior,  and  receives  the  tendinous  origin  of 
the  rectus  femoris. 

The  two  Posterior  Iliac  Spines  are  divided, 
like  the  anterior,  into  superior  and  inferior. 
They  afford  insertion  to  strong  ligaments,  which 
unite  the  ilium  with  the  sacrum. 

ILIACO-TROCHAXTERIEN,  Iliacus  inter- 
nus. 

ILIACUS,  I.  internus — i.  Externus,  Pyramid- 
alis. 

ILTADUS.  Ilech. 

ILIAL,  Iliac. 

ILIASTER.  Ilech. 

ILIASTRUM,  Ilech. 


ILIXGOS,  Vertigo. 

ILIO.  In  composition,  relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  ilium. 

ILIO-ABIJOMIXAL,  Obliquus  internus  abdo- 
minis— i.  Aponevrosi -femoral,  Fascia  lata  musclo 
— i.  Costal,  Quadratus  lumborum — i.  Cresti-tibial, 
Sartorius  —  i.  Femoral,  Coxo-femoral  —  i.  Hypo- 
gastricus  (nervus),  Musculocutaneous  nerve,  su- 
perior—  i.  Inguinal,  Musculocutaneous  nerve, 
inferior  —  i.  Ischii-trochanterien,  Gluta?us  mini- 
mus—  ?'.  Lomho-costo-abdomiuai,  Obliquus  in- 
ternus abdominis  —  i.  Lumbalis,  Ileo-lumbar,  see 
Iliac  arteries — i.  Lumbi-costal,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum— i.  Lumbo-vertebral  ligament,  Ueo-lumbur- 
ligament. 

IL'IO-PECTINE'A.  Ileo-pectineal,  belonging 
to  the  ilium  and  to  the  pecten  or  pubis. 

Ilio-Pectineal  Eminence  is  so  called  from 
being  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ramus  of  the 
ilium  with  that  of  the  pubis.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  psoas  minor. 

Ilio-Pectinea  Lin'ea,  Liuea  innomina'ta,  is 
the  projecting  line  or  ridge  of  the  ilium  and  pu- 
bis, which  forms  part  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis. 

ILIO-PPETIBIAL,  Sartorius. 

Ilio-Psoi'tis,  from  Ilium,  'the  ilion,'  xpoag, 
'the  loins,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  ilium  and  psoas  muscle. 

ILIO-PUBO-  COSTO-ABDOM1XA  L,  Obli- 
quus externus  abdominis — /'.  Hot n lieu,  Rectus  fe- 
moris—  i.  Sacral,  Sacro-iliac  —  i.  Sacral  articula- 
tion, Sacro-iliac  articulation  —  i.  Sacro-ffmoral, 
Gluta?us  major —  i.  Scrotal  nerve,  Musculocuta- 
neous, superior —  i.  Trochanteric)),  Glutaeus  nie- 
dius — i.  Trochanterien  petit,  Gluteus  minimus. 

IL'ION,  Il'i)im,  Il'eum,  Hau)ich  bone.  The 
largest  of  the  three  bones  which  constitute  the 
os  innominatum  in  the  foetus  and  child.  It  was 
probably  so  called  from  its  seeming  to  support 
the  intestine  ilion  ;  or,  perhaps,  because  its  crest 
is  curved  upon  itself,  from  ciXtw,  '  I  twist,'  '  I 
roll.'  This  portion  of  the  os  innominatum  is 
usually  so  called  in  the  adult.  The  posterior 
surface  is  called  Dorsnnr,* the  internal  Venter, 
The  upper  semicircular  edge  is  the  Crista  or 
Spine,  at  the  anterior  part  of  which  is  the  ante- 
rior and  sujierior  spinous  process;  and,  below, 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spinous  process.  At  the 
back  part  of  the  spine  are  two  spinous  processes, 
the  posterior  and  sujierior,  and  2>usterior  and  in- 
ferior.    See  Iliac. 

ILITIIY'IA,  Et^ctOvia,  Luci'na,  Juno  Lncinn. 
The  goddess  who  presided  over  parturient  fe- 
males, with  the  Greeks  and  Romans. 

ILIUM.  Ileum,  Ilion. 

IL'KESTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Ilkeston  is  in  Derbyshire,  England,  about  eight 
miles  from  Nottingham.  The  "water  contains 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  calcium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonic 
acid,  sulphohydric  acid,  and  a  little  iron. 

ILL,  Sick. 

ILLACRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

ILLECEBRA,  Sedum  — i.  Major,  Sedum  teha- 
phium. 

ILLECEBRUM  POLYGONOIDES,  Achyran- 
thes  repens — i.  Vermiculare,  Sedum. 

ILLEGITIMATE,  I/legit'imus,  from  il,  in, 
'negation  or  opposition,'  and  legitimus,  'legiti- 
mate:' from  lex,  legis,  'law.'  Bastard.  That 
which  is  contrary  to  law:  which  has  not  the  con- 
ditions required  by  law.  as  an  illegitimate  birth 
— one  out  of  wedlock  ;  base-born,  love-begot,  love- 
child. 

Illegitimate  or  Bastard  is  also  applied  to 
diseases— as  fevers,  whose  progress  is  anomalous. 
See  False. 

ILLI,  see  Strabismus. 


ILLICIUM    AXISATUM 


491 


IMPETIGO 


ILLICIUM    \M>  VTl'M.  from    iilm 
allure'      Yellow-flowered    Ani*  Tree, 

Ini'aum  etella'tum   Beu   6'iMen 

1'.     Anis   da  la   Chi**,   A.  itoili, 

Poly- 

ai>  Iria   Polygynia,  used  tike  the 

i.     The  saine  tree  is   supposed  to  furnish 

the  aromatic  bark,  call  I  Vtella'ti, 

i   Lavola. 

IlluMum  Anisatum  is  said  to  furnish  much  of 

called  Oil  of  Anise,  used  in  the  United 

: 

Ii  i.i.  n  m  Fi.m':ii.\'m  M,  Florida  Anise  Tree, 
Laurel.  An  evergreen  shrub, 
the  bark,  leai  es,  4c,  of  which  have  ;i  spioj  odour 
like  anise,  and  might  be  used  for  ir. 

1 1  i  i,  m  m  Parviplo'rum,  a  shrub  of  the  hilly 
G  lorgia  and  Carolina,  has  a  flavour 
elosely  resembling  that  of  sassafras  root. 

II. 1.1  DES,  pee  Strabismus. 

II. I, INI  riO,  Inunction. 

CLLISIO,  Bnthlasis. 

[LLITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITUS,  [nunction. 

ILLNESS,  i.  Monthly,  see  Menses. 

I  LL<  IS,  Bye,  see  Strabismus. 

[LLO'SIS,  llo'aia,  from  <AW,  'squinting.' 
Distortion  of  the  eyes.     Strabismus. 

[LLUSIO   SENSHS,  Hallucination. 

ILLUSION,  Hallucination. 

ILLUTAMENTUM,  see  Illutatio. 

ILLUTA'TIO,  from  i7,  nj,  '  upon,' and  latum, 
'mud.'  A  word  used,  by  the  ancients,  fur  the 
act  of  covering  any  part  uf  the  body  with  mud, — 
iUutamen'tum — with  therapeutical  views. 

[LOSIS,  [llosis. 

IM.  In  composition,  generally  means  the 
iame  as  in  •  occasionally,  however,  it  has  the 
privative  sense  of  tin. 

I  .M  \  ii  I  \  V/TIO  N,  Imagina'tio,  Figura'tio, 

Diaime'ma,    from    imago,    imaginis, 

'Image.'    The  faculty  of  forming  in  the  mind  an 

assemblage  of  images  and  combinations  of  ideas 

which  are  not  always  in  connexion  with  external 

IMBALS  I  i/.l  770 AT  Embalming. 

IMBBCIL'ITY,  Tmbecil'litas,   StupikTitae,  II,- 
betn'do    an'imi,    Oligopaych'ia,    (P.)    ImbieillitS. 
lily   of   the    intellect j    incohe- 
rein-v  :    Jmbeeil'litaa  mentis. 

IMBECILLIS,  Infirm. 

IMBECILLITAS  [NGENII,  Idiotism,  Imbe- 
ciliiy  —  i.  .Mentis.  Idiotistn,  Imbecility  —  i.  Ven- 
triculi,  Oasternsthenia. 

IMBBLLIS  AD  VENEREM,  Frigid. 

[MBER'BIS,    Fmber'bns,    Agenei'os,    Apo'gon, 
from  im,  in,  '  negation,'  and  barba,  'heard.'    One 
I  of  beard. 

[MBIBITIO,  Absorption,  Imbibition. 

IMBIBIT"ION,  [mbibit"io,  Emp'oeit,  Aspira- 
tion, from  imbiber e  [in,  and  bibert  ).  '  to  drink,  to 
Imbibe.'  The  action,  by  which  a  body  becomes 
penetrated  by  a  liquid.  See  Bndoamose.  Many 
of  the  phenomena  of  absorption  are  owing  to 
imbibition. 

I  m  niitiT  i.iv.  I»., i  Bl  i  .   I 

IMBOWBLLINO,  Bxent<  rismus. 

IMBREX   N AIM  I'M,  Beptum  narium. 

[MBRICARIA  S  \X.\T11.1-.  Lichen  saxatllis, 

I  M  M  ERS1  S,  Su  bscnpularis  muscle. 

I  M'M  I N  BNGE,  Fmmim  n'tia,  from  immineo  [im, 
and  mitieo),  'to  bang  over.'  Staying 
upon ;  impending.  Some  authors  have  desig- 
nated, by  thii  term,  the  period  which  precedes 
the  invasion  of  a  disease;  when  certain  indica- 
tion- foretell  it<  approach. 

IMMINENCE  MORBIDE,  Diathesis,  l'rcdi- 
»n. 

IMMI8SI0  CATHETERIS,  Catbeterismna. 


IMMISSOR,  Catheter. 

IMMOBILITAS,  Acinesia— L  PupiUss,  Amau- 
rosis. 

[MMODER  \N  II  A.  Intemperance. 

LMMODER  \TM,  Intemperance, 

IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS,  see  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

I  MM  I    TANS,  Alterative. 

IMPACTED,  Wi 

IMPACTION,  fmpae'tio,  from  impingere  (in, 
and  pangere,  pactum,  'to  drive  in';,  •  to  strike 
against,'  *  a  collision.'  A  fracture  of  the  cranium, 
ribs,  or  sternum,  with  depression  of  some  of  the 
fragments  and  projection  of  others  externally. 
See  Ecpiesma, 

IMPA'TIENS  BALSAMI'NA,  Baham  weed, 
Touch-mo-HOt.  Oi<1.  BalsaminaeOSB.  This  pro- 
bably resembles  the  other  species  in  its  pro- 
perties. 

IMPA'TIENS  Fii.va  and  I.  V  \  i.'i.in.v,  Ton,!,. 
me-not,  Jewel  weed,  Balsam  weed,  Slijypere, 
andine,  Quick-in-the-hand,  Weath' ercovka,  Snap- 
weedj  called  from  the  Midden  bursting  of  me 
pods  when  touched.  Indigenous  plain,-,  having 
tender,  juiey,  almost  transparent  stems,  and 
yellow  flowers,  which  appear  in  July  and  August. 
It  is  found  in  low,  moist  ground,  in  every  part  of 
the  Union.  The  properties  are  probably  the  same 
as  those  of 

Impa 'tiers  Noli-me-tar'gcre  of  Europe,  which 
has  an  acrid  taste,  and  acts  as  an  emetic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic. 

IMPATIENTIA  VESICJB,  Cysterethismus. 

LMPEDIMENTUM,  Emphragma. 

1  Ml' Ell  A  TOIRE,  Imperatoria. 

IMPERATO'RIA,  /.  Oatru'thinm,  Sefi'nntn 
ostru'thium  sen  Imperato'ria,  Angel' ica officinalis, 
Astruthium,   Ostrvthium,   Aetran'tia,   Magistran'- 

tia,   Must,  i-irort,  (old  F. )    Auxtrm-lir,    Imprint,, ire. 

Ord.  Umbellifera?.  The  roots  of  this  plant  were 
formerly  considered  divi'num  remed'ium.  They 
are  merely  aromatic  and  hitter,  and  arc  not  u>v<\. 

Imperatoria  Sylvkhtris,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

IMPERFORATE,  Atretus. 

IMPERFORATIO,  Im  perforation  — L  Ani, 
Atresia  ani  adnata.  Proctatresia  —  i.  Pupilhe, 
Synezizis — i.  Uteri,  Metratresia. 

IMPERFORA'TION.from  im,  'privative, 'per, 
(through,'and/orerre.'tebore.'  lmperfnra'tiotAtre'- 
ria,  Airetis'mue,  Cap' etna.  Absence  of  a  natural 
aperture;  as,  of  the  mouth,  anus,  vulva,  nostrils, 
etc.  It  is  congenital,  being  dependent  upon  faulty 
conformation. 

IMPERFORATION  DE  VANUS,  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

I M  PE'RIAL.  A  pleasant,  coolingdrink,  formed 
of  bitartrate  of  potaaaa.  ^<* :  one  lemon,  cut  into 
slices:  white  sugar,  toss;  and  water,  Oiij.  Let 
the  mixture  stand  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain. 

[MPETIGINOSITAS,  Impetigo, 

IMPBTIO"INOUS,  Impetiginatwwi,  (F.)  Tmpf. 

ti,/iu,n.r.  Same  etymon  BS  the  next.  Having 
the  nature  of,  or  relating  to,  impetigo. 

I  M  PETI'GO,  from  impeto, '  I  invade.'  Tmpt  ti- 
ginoe'itae,  Darta,  Der*hia,  Im'petns,  Pefi'go,  /.',- 
J,,/,'*,'*  sen  Phlvsie  xmpeti'go,  Lepra  Sgnani. 
iiio'mii,  Running  Scall  or  Tetter,  Crusted,  Pustular 
or  linn, ill  Tetter  or  Stall,  <'"irr,,j,.  (F.)  Dartre, 
I),  mixta,,',-  on  erouteuse,  l.i/>r>  humide,  M,'li- 
tnt/rc.      A     word    used     in     Various     acceptations. 

With  some  writers  it  is  synonymous  with  itch.   In 

others,  it   means   a   variety  of  herpes.      Sauvages 

employs  it  as  a  generic  term,  under  which  he 
comprises  syphilis,  scorbutus,  rachitis,  elephanti- 
asis, the  itch,  tinea,  scrofula,  Ac.  It  forms,  also, 
a  genus  in  the  class  Cachexia  ef  Cullen.  In 
Bateman,  it  is  the  first  genus  of  the  atfa  order, 
Pustules,  and  is  defined  —  the  humid  <>r  running 
titter;  consisting  of  small  pustules,  denominated 


IMPETUM    FACIENS 


492 


INCISIVE 


Psydracia.  It  is  unaccompanied  by  fever;  not 
contagious,  or  communicable  by  inoculation.  He 
has  five  species:— the  /.  jigura'ta,  I.  eparva, 
I.  erynipeluto'des,  I.  scab' ida,  and  /.  rodcns.  See 
Psoriasis. 

Impetigo  Excouticativa,  Ichthyosis  —  i.  Fi- 
gurata,  Porrigo  lupinosa  —  i.  Pellagra,  Pellagra 
— i.  Ulcerata,  Zerna. 

IMPETUM   FACIENS,  Enormon. 
IMPETUS,  Impetigo,  Paroxysm. 
IMPLACENTAL,  see  Placenta. 
IMPLICATIONS    RETICULARES    NER- 
VORUM, Plexus  nervorum. 

IMPLIC'ITI  MORBI,  Implica'ti  sen  comptd- 
en'ti  Murbi,  from  im,  'in,'  and  plico,  'to  fold.' 
Diseases,  which  exist  in  an  organ;  and  produce, 
concurrently,  disorders  in  other  organs.  , 
IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation,  Bath,  shower. 
IMP0STHUM1,  Abscess. 
IM'POTENCE,  Acrati'a,  Impoten'tia,  1.  gene- 
randi,  Agemie'sia,  Agen'nesis,  Tgna'via  seu  Ig- 
nav'itas  parti  am  genita'Iium,  (F.)  Impuissance  ; 
from  im,  'privative,'  an  A  potent),  'able.'  Loss  of 
power  over  one  or  more  of  the  members.  Com- 
monly, it  means  want  of  sexual  vigour;  inca- 
pacity for  copulation  ;  and  chiefly  on  the  part  of 
the  male.  Antys'ia,  Astyph'ia,  Asyno'dia,  Ady- 
namia viri'lis.  It  has,  also,  been  used  synony- 
mously with  sterility.  Impotence  may  be  abso- 
lute or  relative,  constitutional  or  local,  direct  or 
indirect,  permanent  or  temporary. 

IMPOTEN.TIA,  Adynamia,  Impotence— i.  Ge- 
nerandi,  Impotence. 

IMPOVERISHED,  Efc'fus,  Bepaupera'tus, 
(F.)  Appattrri.  'Having  become  poor;'  origi- 
nally from  (L.)  pauper,  (F.)  panvre,  'poor.'  The 
Humorists  applied  this  epithet  to  a  humour,  de- 
prived of  a  part  of  its  constituents,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  blood.  This  fluid  was  considered  to 
be  impoverished  when  it  was  pale,  without  the 
proper  consistence,  and  abounding  in  serum.  It 
was,  on  the  contrary,  rich,  in  their  opinion,  when 
of  a  scarlet  colour;  possessing  consistence;  when 
it  coagulated  promptly,  and  the  quantity  of 
serum,"compared  with  that  of  the  clot,  was  by  no 
means  considerable. 

IMPRJ5GNATI0,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 
IMPREGNATION.  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 
IMPRESSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility— i.  Great, 
Ilvperresthesis. 

IMPRES'SION,  Impres'sio  (in,  and  premere, 
jiressnm.  'to  press'),  Pros'bole,  (F.)  Empreinte. 
A  more  or  less  deep  indentation  which  certain 
organs  seem  to  make  on  others.  Inequalities 
observable  on  the  bones,  which  appear  to  be 
made  by  the  subjacent  organs. 

Imphes'sions  I)ig"ital,  Impressio'nes  digita'ta? 
era' nii.  Fosses  digita'les,  are  the  depressions  of 
various  forms,  observable  at  the  inner  surface  of 
the  cranium,  which  look,  at  first  view,  as  if  they 
were  made  with  the  fingers. 

IMPRESSIONABILITE,  see  Sensibility. 
IMPU'BER,  Tmpn'bes,  lmpn'bis,   Ane'bus,  Ca- 
pilla'tns,  from   in,  'negation,'  and  puber,  'at  the 
age  of  puberty.'     (F."i   Impnbere.     One  who  has 
not  attained  the  age  of  puberty. 
IMPUBES,  Impuber. 
IMPUDICUS,  see  Digitus. 
IMPUISSANCE,  Impotence. 
IMPULSE,  DIAS'TOLIC,  hnpnl'sus  diastol'. 
{cm,  Back  stroke  of  the  heart.      A  jog  or  stroke 
which  has  been  termed  the  'back  stroke.'  felt  at 
the  end  of  each  pulsation,  and  which  would  seem 
to  be  owing  to  the  refilling  of  the  ventricles. 
Impulse  op  thr  Heart,  see  Heart. 
IMPULSION  nU  CCEUR.  see  Heart. 
IMPURITATES  ALVIN.E,  Fasces. 
INANIA,  Iliac  regions. 
INANITIATED,  see  Inanitiation. 


INANITIA'TION,  Iuanitia'tio,  same  etymon 
as  the  next.  The  act  of  being  exhausted  for 
want  of  nourishment.  One  so  exhausted  is  said 
to  be  inanit" 'iated. 

INANIT"ION,  Iuanit"io,  luan'itas,  from  iua- 
nire,  inanitum,  'to  empty.'  Ceno'sis.  Exhaus- 
tion for  want  of  nourishment.  To  die  from  in- 
anition is  to  die  from  exhaustion. 

INAPPETENTIA,  Anorexia,  Dysorexia. 
INARTICULATIO,  Enarthrosis. 
INAURA'TIOX,  Inanra'tio,  from  in,  and   au- 
rum,  'gold.'     The  gilding  of  pills  or  boluses. 
INCANTAMENTUM,  Charm. 
INCANTA'TION,     Incanta'tio,     Incantamen'- 
tum,  Ep'ode,  from   im,  and  cantare,  cantatum,  '  to 
sing,' — for  example,  a  magical  song.     A  mode  of 
curing  diseases  by  charms,  <fcc,  defended  by  Para- 
celsus, Van  Helmont,  and  others. 

INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonnement,  Incarcera- 
tion—  i.  Intestinorum  interna,  Enteremphraxis 
— i.  Intestinorum,  Enteroperistole. 

INCARCERATION,  Incarcera'tio,  from  in, 
'in,'  and  career,  'prison.'  Hernia  is  said  to  be 
'incarcerated,'  Hernia  iucarcera'ta,  when,  owing 
to  constriction  about  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac 
or  elsewhere,  it  cannot  be  reduced  with  facility. 
Incarceration  is  sometimes  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  strangulation. 

I~SCAR'~NA~NS,I»cai-nati'vus,Sarco'ticus.Stal'- 
tieus,  Plero'ticus,  Anaplero'ticns,  Sarcot'ic,  from 
im,  and  caro,  carnis,  'flesh.'  Medicines,  which 
were  fancied  to  promote  the  regeneration  of  the 
flesh.  Certain  bandages  and  sutures  have,  also, 
been  so  called. 

INCARNATIO,  Incarnation  —  i.  Unguium, 
Onychogryphosis. 

INCARNA'TION,  Incarna'tio,  same  etymon. 
Growth  of  flesh  or  granulations. 
INCARNATUS,  Carneous. 

INCEN'DIUM.  from  incendere  (in,  and  ean- 
dere),  '  to  burn.'  PyrccB 'a,  irvpicata,  Causis,  Phlo- 
go'sis.  A  burning  fever  or  any  burning  heat. — 
Incen'dium  febri'le,  Incen'sio.  —  Willis.  Inflam- 
mation, Phlegmon. 

Incenoium  Spontaneum,  Combustion,  human. 
INCENSIO,  Incendium. 
INCENTIVUM,  Stimulant. 

INCERA'TION,  Incera'tio,  Encero'sis,  from 
in,  and  cera,  '  wax.'  The  act  of  incorporating 
wax  with  some  other  body;  or,  rather,  the  ope- 
ration whose  object  is  to  communicate  to  a  dry 
substance  the  consistence  of  wax. 

INCERNIC'UEUM,   from    incernere    (in,   and 
ceruere).  '  to  sift.'     A  strainer  or  sieve. 
INCESSIO,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 
INCESSUS,  Walking. 

INCIDEN'TIA,  from  incidere,  incisum  (in,  and 
ccedere),  'to  cut.'  (F.)  Iucisifs.  This  name  was 
formerly  given  to  medicines  to  which  was  attri- 
buted the  property  of  cutting  thick  or  coagulated 
humours.  The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets 
of  alkalies,  sulphurous  water,  <fcc,  were  con- 
sidered to  belong  to  this  class. 

INCINERA'TION,     Incinera'tio,     Cinera'tion, 
Cinefac'tio,  from  in,  and  cinis,   cineris.   '  ashes.' 
In  pharmacy,  a  process  by  which  animal  or  vege- 
table substances  are  reduced  to  ashes. 
INCINCTA,  Pregnant. 
INC1SIFS,  Incidentia. 

INCISIO,  Cut,  Incision— i.  Simplex,  Haploto- 
mia. 

INCISTON,  Incis'io.  En'cope,  Incisu'ra,  luci'- 
su8,  Tome,  (F.)  Taillade.  Same  etymon  as  Inci- 
dentia. A  methodical  division  of  soft  parts  with 
a  cutting  instrument. 

INCI'SIVE,  Ineisi'vus,  Inciso'rius,  Fossa  inci- 
si'va  seu  myrtifor' mis,  is  a  depression  in  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone,  above  the  incisor  teeth. 


IXriSIYUS    Ml'SiTLUS 


IX  DFX 


T\  isrva  Bora,  Intermaxillary  bone — i.  Canal, 
8ee  Palatine  canals. 

Is  I8IVE  Nkuvk,  Nervua  in' iii' rut.  A  branch 
of  tiie  inferior  dental  nerve,  wliieh  supplies  the 
(pcisor 

B1VB    TbBTH,    Inei'tnr    Teeth,    Dtn'teS    iii'i- 
eo'rea   sen  torn' id  sen  dene*  sen   dichaett 

i  primo'ree  sen  raao'rii.  The  teeth 
which  occupy  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper  and 
lower  jawa  are  bo  called,  because  they  are  need 
u'l  the  food  in  the  manner  of  cutting  in- 
struments. The  two  middle  incisors  of  the  upper 
jaw  are.  at  times,  called  Butter  teeth, 

3IVUS  MUSCULUS),  Levator  labii  BU- 
peri  ois  propriua  —  i.  Inferior,  Levator  Labii  infe- 
rioris  —  i.  Lateralis  et  pyramidal*!*,  Levator  labii 
luperioria  alaaque  nasi — i.  Mediue,  Depressor  alue 
nasi. 

INCISOR  TEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

INCIS'  nil  I'M,  Tomi'on.    An  operating  table. 

A  scalpel. 

IN  CISORIUS^  Incisive. 

INCISURA,  Echancntre,  Incision  —  i.  Crucia- 
lis,  Crucial  Incision — i.  Iscbiadica  Major,  Sciatic 
notch,  greater — i.  Iscbiadica  Minor,  Sciatic  notch, 
liter  —  i.  Lienalis,  Hilus  lienalis  —  i.  Renal  is, 
Hilus  renalis — i.  Scapularis,  Notch,  scapular  — 
i.  Bepti,  sec  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

I\t  is i  'it\  TnAO"lCA,  Notch  of  the  Concha.  A 
wide,  deep  and  rounded  notch,  which  separates 
the  tra.'ii-i  from  the  antitragUS. 

INCISURES  DE  SANTORINT,  Santorini, 
fissures  of. 

INCISUS,  Incision. 

IKCITABILITY,  Irritability. 

INCITAMENTUM,  Stimulus. 

INCITANS,  Stimulant. 

INCITATIO,  Stimulation. 

INCI'TO-MOTOR,  i  F.)  Incito-motcnr.  An  epi- 
thet, applied  to  an  action  the  reverse  of  excito- 
motor:  as  in  the  ease  of  muscular  motion,  which 
Commences  in  the  nervous  centres  and  excites 
the  muscles  to  contraction. 

INCLAVATIO,  Gomphosis,  sec  Wedged. 

INCLIN  \TI«>.  Decline— i.  Coeli,  Climate. 

INI  LUSION,  MONSTROSITY  BY,  Embolte- 
ment. 

INCLUSUS,  see  Wedged. 

INCOCTUS,  see  Crudity. 

INCOHERENCE,  fncohe'rency,  (F.)  Anaco- 
Itttkie,  ;    from   in,  'negation,  co,  con, 

cum,  •  with,'  ami  Jnerere,  '  to  stick.'  Want  of  de- 
pendence of  one  part  on  another.  The  condition 
of  the  mental  manifestations  in  dementia,  &c. 

INCOMPATIBLE,  from  fa,  'negation,'  and 
wompetere,  'to  agree.'  A  substance,  which  can- 
not be  prescribed  with  another,  without  inter- 
fering with  its  chemical  composition  or  medicinal 
activitv. 

►NTINEN'TIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
■.   "I    contain;'   Anepia'cheaie.      'Inconti- 
!  'Inability  to  retain  the  natural  evacua- 

tion.'    Abuse  of  the  pleaaurea  of  love. 

mjfKirria  Ai.vi.  Diarrhoea — L  Urinao, 
Enuresis,  Scoracrasia. 

•RPORA'TION,    Incorporate,   Corpora'- 

tm,  Eneomato'aii,   iletenaomato'eie,  from    in,  and 

enrpu--,    corporit,    '  a    body.'      An    operation,     by 

which   medicines  are  mixed  with   soft  or  liquid 

hi  ord.r  t.»  give  them  a  certain  consist- 

_h   admixture  of  various 

aces. 

IN'1  RASSAN'TIA,     Incraaaati' wi,     Tnviecan'- 

tia,  Spieean'tia,   Ecpyc'tica,    Condenean'tia,    Pa- 

■■    Pycnot'ica,    Pycuicmai'tica,    from    in, 

and  cratiHi,  •  thick.'     Medicines  which  were  for- 

marly  believed  to  posses?  the  power  of  thickening 

.  when  too  thin.     All  mucilaginous 

substances  were  so  regarded. 


INCH  \ss ATIVA.  Inorassantta. 

[N'CREASE,      Inert  un  11   tu:ii,     Ait<i\-,     .1 

from  in,  and  ereertre,  'to  grow.1     i  V. )    A* 

Hunt.  Augmentation  of  the  size  or  weight  of  n 
body,  by  the  application  of  new  molecules  around 
those  which  already  exist. 

[NCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Growth, 
Increase. 

INCftUCIATIO,  Decussation. 

[NCRUSTA'TION.  Incrvta'tio,  from  in,  and 
crusta,  'a  crust;'  Coni'euit.  The  act  of  forming 
a  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  body,  as  -.sell  as  the 
crust  itself.  Also,  the  calcareous  deposits  or 
cartilaginous  plates,  which  sometimes  form  in 
organs. 

[NCUBATIO,  Incubation. 

INCUBA'TION,  Incnba'tio,  Inevbif'io,  Ue*'* 
bitna,  from  inenbare,  ittcwbitnni,  (in,  and  eubare,) 
•to  lie  upon.'  This  word,  which  is  used  in  natu- 
ral history  for  the  sitting  of  birds  upon  their 
eggs,  i-  employed,  figuratively,  in  medicine,  foe 
the  period  that  elapses  between  the  introduction 
of  a  morbific  principle  into  the  animal  economy 
and  the  invasion  of  the  disease. 

[NCDBITIO,  Incubation. 

INCUBITUS,  Incubation. 

INCUBO,  Incubus. 

[N'CUBDS.  Same  etymon.  In'cubn,  EpiaV- 
tee,  Ephial'tee,  I.  uoctur'nus,  Hypnophob'ia,  E/>i- 
tep'eia  noctvrnn,  Ant h ma  noctur'vnm,  Pnigal'ion, 
Snc'cubne,  Oneirodynia  graeane,  Erethie'mnt] 
oneirodynia,  Noetur'na  opprei'sio,  Epib'olf,  Ba- 
biizica'riuo,  Nightmare,  II  ildmare,  Riding-hag, 
(Prow)  Bitch-daughter,  HeJJa,  (P.)  Canehemar, 
Caunhevieille,  Oochemar,  Oneirodynia  gravative. 
Same  etymon.  A  sensation  of  a  distressing 
weight  at  the  epigastrium  during  sleep,  and  of 
impossibility  of  motion,  speech,  or  respiration  ; 
the  patient  at  length  awaking  in  terror,  after  ex- 
treme anxiety.  Nightmare  IS  often  the  effect  of 
difficult  digestion  or  of  an  uneasy  position  of  the 
body.  At  other  times,  it  occurs  in  COD  sequence 
of  severe  emotions.  The  sensation  of  Buffoeation 
was  formerly  ascribed  to  the  person's  being  pos- 
sessed, and  the  male  spirits  were  called  inenbes — 
the  female  snecubes.  The  disease  requires  no 
particular  treatment.   The  causes  must  be  avoided. 

Inciiiis  Yigii.an'tum,  Ephial'tee  vigitan'- 
tium,  E.  hypochondrV  aca,  Day  mare.  This  is  pro- 
duced during  wakefulness;  the  sense  of  pressure 
being  severe  and  extending  over  the  abdomen  ; 
respiration  frequent,  laborious,  and  constricted; 
eyes  fixed;  sighing,  deep  and  violent;  intellect, 
undisturlied. 

INCUNABULA,  Swathing  clothes. 

INCUNEATIO,  Gomphosis,  see  Wedged. 

INCU'RABLE,  Incnrab'ilie,  Rem'edileee,  Trre- 
me'diable,  Ineanab'ilie,  AnaVthee,  Anacee'toa, 
Atherapen'tue,  from  in,  negative,  and  carer,  cure. 
Not  susceptible  of  cure  ; — applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

[NCURIA,  Acedia. 

INCURSUS  ARTERIARUM,  Pulse. 

INCURVATIO,  Grypoais. 

INCUS,  genitive,  Jncu'die,  (in,  and  eudo,  'I 
hammer,')  'an  anvil.'  Acmon,  On  ineu'di  eim'ili, 
Oaeic'iilum  Tncudi  sen  mola'ri  denti  comparn'tum, 
(F.)  Enclnme.  One  of  the  small  bones  of  the 
ear,  so  called  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  a 
smith's  anvil.  It  is  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum,  between  the   malleus   ami   orhiculare. 

Its   body  is   articulated    with    the   malleus:   in 

horizontal  nimiiH,  which  is  the  shortest,  corre- 
sponds with  the  entrance  of  the  mast'. id  cell  I  : 
and  its  vertical  ramtta  is  articulated  with  the  os 
orhiculare.  The  incus  is  composed  of  a  compact 
tissue,  and  is  developed  from  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 
INDEX,  Dig"itu$  index  sea  teotm'dus  seu  aalu- 


INDIAN   ARROW   WOOD 


494 


INFANS 


tator'ius,  Demonstra'tar,  Indica'tor,  Indicato'rius, 
Li'chanoa,  Deie'ticos,  from  indicare,  '  to  point 
out'     The  forefinger,  index  finirer.     See  Digitus. 

INDIAN  ARROW  WOOD,  "see  Euonymus  — 
i.  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis— i.  Physic,  Gille- 
nia  trifoliata — i.  Physic,  small-flowered,  Gillenia 
stipulacea. 

INDIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
medicinal  spring,  near  Jeffersonville,  is  much 
frequented.  Its  waters  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  iron. 

IN'DICANT,  In'dicans,  Endeic'ticos,  (F.)  In- 
dicatif.  Same  etymon  as  index.  Any  thing 
which,  in  the  course  of  a  disease  or  in  what  pre- 
cedes or  accompanies  it,  concurs  in  pointing  out 
the  means  to  be  used  for  its  cure. 

IN DIG ATI F,  Indicant. 

INDICATING  DAYS,  Dies  In' dices  seu  In- 
dicato'rii  seu  Lidican'tes  seu  Contemphtn'tes,  (F.) 
Jours  indicateurs.  Hippocrates  and  others  have 
thus  called  the  middle  day  of  the  septenary;  be- 
cause they  imagined,  that  indications  were  some- 
times given  then  of  the  crisis  which  would  occur 
in  the  last  dav  of  the  septenary. 

INDICATION,  Indicn'tio,  Accma'tio,  Dela'- 
tio,  Endeix'is,  Endex'is,  Boctkemat'icum  Semei'ou. 
The  object  proposed  in  the  employment  of  any 
means  which  are  had  recourse  to  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  It  may  also  be  defined — the  manifesta- 
tion afforded  by  the  disease  itself  of  what  is  pro- 
per to  be  done  for  its  removal. 

INDICATOR,  Extensor  proprius  indicis,  see 
Disitus,  and  Index. 

INDICUM,  Indigo. 

INDICUS  COLOR,  Indigo. 

INDIGENCE.  Want. 

INDIG"ENOUS,  Indif'ena,  'Inborn/  From 
indu,  obsolete  for  'in,'  and  geno,  obsolete  for 
giguo,  'I  generate.'  Whatever  is  native  in  a 
country,  in  opposition  to  exotic  ;  as  an  indigenous 
remrdi/.  indigenous  disease,  &c. 

INDIGESTION,  Dyspepsia  — i.  Alkaline,  see 
Dyspepsia — i.  Neutral,  see  Dyspepsia. 

INDTGITATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

INDIGNATORIUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IN'DIGO,  Iudigum,  In'dicum.  Indicus  color, 
Pigmen'tum  In'dicnin.  A  dye-stuff,  in  small  solid 
masses,  of  a  deep  azure  blue  colour,  and  devoid 
of  smell  and  taste.  It  is  obtained,  by  a  fermenta- 
tive process,  from  Indigof'era  anil,  (I.  snjfruti- 
co'sn,)  I.  argen'tea,  (I.  articnla'ta  seu  tincto'ria 
seu  glau'ca  seu  colora'ta,)  and  /.  tincto'ria  seu 
In'dicn,  and  is  sometimes  used  by  the  apothe- 
cary for  colouring  certain  preparations.  It  has 
likewise  been  administered  internally,  of  late,  in 
spasmodic  diseases,  especially  in  epilepsy.  The 
dose  may  be  at  first  grains,  but  it  may  be  ele- 
vated to  drachms. 

Indigo,  False,  (Tall  White,)  see  Sophora 
tine  tori  a. 

INDIGO,  FAUX,  Galega  officinalis— i.  Weed, 
Sophora  tinctoria. 

Indigo,  Wild,  Sophora  tinctoria  —  i.  Yellow, 
Sophora  tinctoria. 

INOIGOFERA.  see  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGUM,  Indigo. 

INDISPOSITION,  Mai*  di*posit"io,  Dys- 
phoria, (F.)  Malaise.  From  in,  'negation,'  and 
dinponere,  dispositum,  '  to  put  in  order.'  A 
slight  functional  disturbance,  which  may  scarcely 
bear  the  name  of  disease.  A  feeling  of  sickness — 
scnsnsfpgrttu'dinis;  vulgarly  an  all-overish  feeling. 

IN'DOLENT,  In'dolcns,  from  in,  privative,  and 
dolere,  '  to  be  in  pain.'  Exhibiting  little  or  no 
pain.  An  epithet  particularly  applied  to  certain 
tumours. 


INDOLENTIA,  Anodynia. 

IN'DOLES.  A  natural  disposition  or  character. 

INDOLES  An'imi.  The  natural  disposition  or 
character  of  mind. 

Indoles  Moebi.  The  nature  or  character  of  a 
disease. 

INDOSYNCLONUS.  Beriberi. 

INDUC'TIO,  Apnffo'ye,  from  induccre,  (in, 
and  ducere,  ductum,  '  to  lead.')  A  word  used  es- 
pecially for  the  action  of  extending  a  plaster  upon 
linen. 

INDUCULA,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium  —  i. 
Nervorum,  Neurilemma — i.  Yentriculurum,  Epen- 
dyma  ventriculorum. 

INDU'RANS,  (in  and  cfartM,  'herd.')  S&.e- 
rot'icux,  Sr/erun'ticus.  Scleryu' ticus.  A  medicine 
which  hardens  the  parts  to  which  is  applied. 

INDURATIO,  Induration  —  i.  Iiitestinorum, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus  — 
i.  Renum,  Nephroseleria — i.  Tela;  cellulosae  neo- 
natorum, see  Induration — i.  Ventriculi  scirrhosa, 
Gastroscirrhus. 

INDURA'TION,  Indnra'tio,  Sclerys'ma,  Sdc- 
rys'mus,  C'al/o.s'itas,  Indurescen'tia,  Poro'ma,  Po- 
ro'sis,  (F.)  Endnrcissement.  The  hardness  which 
supervenes,  occasionally,  in  an  inflamed  part.  It 
is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  and  is 
owing  to  a  change  in  the  nutrition  of  the  part. 

Induration  of  the  Are'olar  or  Celli  i.ar 
Tissue,  Indnra'tio  cellulo'sa,  Induratio  seu  Op- 
pila'tio  telcp.  cellulo'scB  neonate' rum,  Etlnnyphoty- 
lo'sis,  CEde'ma  neouato'rnm,  Compact  (Ede'ma  of 
Infants,  Cat'ochus  In  fan' 'turn,  Sclere'tnia,  Sclere'- 
ina,  Sclero'ma,  Schroder' ma,  Cutis  tensa  chron'- 
ica,  Dcrma/opierisclero'sis,  Dennatoperixcli  ry-s- 
mns,  Halouii'tis,  Phlegmasia  cellnla'ris,  Seirrho- 
sur'ca  neonato'rum,  Sc/eri'asis  neonato'riun.  Srle- 
ro'sis,  Stipa'tio  telce  celhdo'sae  Infantum,  Skin- 
bound  Disease,  Skin-bind,  Skin-tight.  Hidebound, 
(F.)  Endnrcissemott  du  tissu  cellu/aire  ;  (Edeme 
du  tissu  cel/ulaire  des  nouvean-nSs,  Asphyxie  /cute 
des  nouvcan-nes,  is  a  disease  which  attacks  infants 
a  few  days  after  birth,  and  which  Chaussier  pro- 
posed to  call  Sclereme,  from  aKXr/guq,  'hard.' 

The  Induration  of  the  areolar  tissue  of  the  adult, 
Selerosteno'sis  cuta'nea,  has  been  regarded  as  the 
result  of  inflammation  of  the  corium,  Ghorioni'tis. 

Induration  of  the  Brain,  Sclereneephalia — 
i.  Grise.  see  Hepatization. 

INDURESCENTIA.  Induration. 

INDU'SIUM,  Chitonis'cos.  Strictly,  'a  shirt,' 
'a  small  tunic'    Some  have  so  called  the  amnion. 

INE'BRIANT.  Ine'brians,  Ph'iutas'tieus;  from 
in  and  ebrio,'!  intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.  An 
agent  that  intoxicates. 

INEBRIATION,  Temulentia. 

INEBRIATION  QUIXIQUE,  Quininism. 

INEDIA,  Fasting. 

INER'TIA,  from  in,  '  negation,' and  ars,artis, 
'art,'  Igna'uia,  Ener'citas.  Sluggishness,  in- 
activity. 

Iner'tia  of  the  Womb,  (F.)  Inertie  de  la  ma- 
trice.  The  diminution  and  even  total  cessation 
of  the  contractions  of  the  uterus  during  labour; 
as  well  as  the  species  of  languor  into  which  it 
sometimes  falls  after  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 

INERTIE  PAR  EPUISEMENT,  see  Partu- 
rition— ('.  de  la  Matrice,  Inertia  of  the  womb. 

INESIS.  Cenosis. 

INETHMOS.  Cenosis. 

IN  EXTREMIS,  Psychorages. 

IN'FANCY,  Infan'tia,  from  i'm,  '  negation,' and 
fans,  from  fari,  'to  speak.'  Early  childhood. 
Childhood  J  JVe'/MOgW,  Paidi'a.  (F.)  Enfance.  It 
generally  includes  the  age  from  birth  till  the 
seventh  year.      See  Age. 

INFANS,    Pai'diuu,   Ne'pios,    (Sc.)    Gaitling, 


I N  F  A  N  T  I  A 


I N  F  L  A  M  M  A  Tin  N 


ffytling,  (Old  Eng.  «n<1  Prov.)  9dm ;  (So.) 
Am*™,  I'.  Enfant.  An  infant,  a  baby,  a  child, 
dm  in  Infancy.  In  law,  one  who  has  not  attained 
of  legal  capacity  :  which  is,  in  general, 
fixed  at  twenty-one  years. 

I  s  I    \  n  ~    RRCBNa    NATDS,    NoUth  <th-u€. 

INF  \N  II  A.   Infancy. 

INK  AN"  riCIDE,  l*f antic?  dinm,  Tecnoeton'ia, 
CkHd-mnrder,  from  infant,  'a  child,'  and  eadere, 

•to  kill.'    The  mnrdeff  of  a  ehUd  newly  born,  or 
point   of  being  horn.      It   may   be   perpe- 
trated by  the  nether,  or  by  some  other  person, 
either  by  commi»*ion,  that  is.  in  oonseqnenee  of  a 
roluntary  act ; —  or  by  omUrion.  of  those 
I  hich  are  neeessary  for  the  preservation  of 
.  born. 

INF  IRCTIO,  Emphraxis. 

[NFARCTION,  Einphraxia. 

INFARCTUS,  from  in,  and  farcire,  farctnm, 
1  to  stnt]".'     Emphraxis. 

Imtarctos  Intestinorum,  Enteremphraxw — i. 
HaMnnptoicofl  Laennecii,  see  Hemoptysis —  i. 
Laetei  extremitatum,  Phlegrnatia  dolens — i.  Lie- 
nis,  Spleoonon8. 

I\i  \i:<  'us    Mamm.f.   Lac'teus,  Lncti*  conrre- 

tio'ne*,  Nodi  seu  Thrombi  laetei,  Tricki'arit  lac- 

t-<(.      Knotty    tumours    of  the    female    mammal, 

owing  to  the  accumulation  aud  arrest  of  milk  in 

itophoroua  duets. 

IVPARCTDS  UTBRI,  Metremphraxis. 

INFECTIO  PURULENTA,  see  Pyohoemia. 

INFECTION,  Bee  Contagion. 

INFECTIOUS,  see  Contagious. 

INFECUNDITY,  Sterility. 

INFECUNDUS,  Sterile. 

INFER'NAL,  Infer'nn*  ;  'relating  to  hell.'    A 
name  applied  to  caustic  —  Lapis  Inferno-' lis —  on 
•  of  its  Btrong  burning  properties. 

tNFIBULA'TIO,  Fibnla'tio,  Inftbu1*'tion,Anc- 
teriae'mn*;  from  fibula,  'a  clasp.'  (F. )  Bourle- 
metit.  An  operation,  formerly  practised,  which 
eonsisted  in  passing  a  ring  through  the  prepuce, 
iving  drawn  it  over  the  glans;  —  in  order 
to  prevent  coition.  The  ancients  employed  infi- 
bulation  with  their  gladiators  to  preserve  all 
their  strength  by  depriving  them  of  venery.  In 
the  women,  to  preserve  their  chastity,  the  ring 
waa  passed  through  the  labia  majora. 

INFILTRA'TION,  Infiltra'tio,  from  filtrare, 
'to  filter.'  Effusion.  The  passage  or  effusion  of 
n  Baud  into  the  areola  of  any  texture,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  areolar  membrane.  The  fluid 
•Cued  is  ordinarily  the  Liquor  aangttinie,  sound 
or  altered — sometimes  blood  or  pus.  fa 
urine.  When  infiltration  of  a  serous  fluid  is 
general,   it   constitutes    anatarea;    when    local, 

INFILTRA  TION  PURULENTE,  see  Hcpa- 
n. 

INFINITES'IMAL.    Infinite*' imn$,   from    in, 

and  finitnt,  '  limited.'    Unlimited.    An  epithet  em- 

i   by  the  homoBopnthiata   for  their  endless 

•ubdivisiona  of  druga  : — the  decilliontfa  of  a  grain, 

for  example,  ia  "an  infinitesimal  dose  " 

INFIRM,   Tnfirm'u*,   Imbe'ciUit,  Ih-b'ili*,  A*'- 
-.  from  in,  negative,  nnd  firmue, 
'firm.'      Not  linn  or  sound  :   weak;   feeble. 

INFIRM  \I!1IM.  HoepitaL 

INI  [RMARY,  Hospital. 

1  KM  \TolMIM.  Hospital. 

1NFIRMIRH  (  V.  i.  from  infirmut,  (in,  n< 
and  ftrmne.)     Fnflrma'riut,  Nomoe'omwt,  Cura'tor 
infirmn'mmu    One  employed  in  an  hospital  or  in- 
linnirv  U)  tuke  care  of  the  sick. 

INFIRM'ITY,  fnfimx'itae,  Atthtmi'a,  Arrio*'. 
tt.i,  Imvnletn'do.  Any  disease  which  baa  become 
habitual,  either  owing  to  i r >  chronic  character, 
or  it-  nnmerona  relapses. 

INFLA'MBD,  (Old  Bng.)  Flamed,  [mfimmma'- 


tui,  (F.)    EnfiawtnS,    Phlngmt, —  Phlago'eed,  ac- 
cording to  some.    Same  etymon  aa  inflammation. 
1  with  inflammation. 
INFLAMMABLE    AIR,    Hydrogen,    carbu- 
retted. 

INFLAMM  kTIO,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— 
i.  Abdominal  is,  Encoelitia  —  i.  Articuli  Maxillm 
Inferioria,  Byposiagonarthritis — i.  Anris,  Otitis — 
i.  Bronchiorum,  Bronchitis — i.  Caeci,  Typblo-en- 
teritia — i.  Capsulse  lentis,  Pbaeobyinenitis — i.  Ce- 
rebelli,  Cerebellitia  —  i.  Clitoridis,  Nymphitis — i. 
Conjunctivae,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  Corneas,  Cera- 
!}  titis —  i.  Coxsb,  Osphyitia  —  i.  Crouposa,  <  ronpy 
inflammation — i.  Cystidis  fellese,  Cholecystitis — 
i.  Debilis,  see  Inflammation  —  i.  Epiglottidis, 
Epiglottitia  —  i.  Eryaipelatosa,  Erysipelatous  in- 
flammation— i.  Faucium,  Cynancbe,  Isthmitia — i. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — i.  GenaB,  Gnathitia — i.  Gense, 
Melitie — i.  Gingivae,  Ulitia — i.  Glandularum  lym- 
phatieanim,  Hydradenitis — i.  Olandularum  lym- 
phaticarnm,  Lymphadenitis — i.  Glandularum  anb- 
lingnalinm,  tlypoglossiadenitia — LGnlae, Oesopha- 
gitis— i.  Hepatis,  Hepatitis — i.  Hepatia  ienta,  il  i- 
patitis  (chronic) — i.  Interna.  Kmpresma — i.  Intcs- 
tinorum,  Enteritis — i.  Iridis,  Iritis — i.  Jecoris,  He- 
patitis— i  Laryngis,  Laryngitis — i.  Lienis,  Spleni- 
tis—  i.  Ligamentorntn,  Byndesmitia —  i.  Lingua-, 
Glossitis — i.  Mediastini,  Mesodmitis— i.  Medullaa 
Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  i.  Musculi  psoas,  Psoitis  —  i. 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  i.  .Musculorum  abdomi- 
nalium,  Myocoeliitis  —  i.  Nervorum,  Neuritis — i. 
Oeulorum,  Ophthalmia — i.  GSsophagi,  QSsophagi- 
tis— i.  Omenti.  Epiploitis — i.  Ossis.  Ostalgitis— i. 
Ovarii,  Oaritis — i.  Palati,  Hyperoitis — i.  Panere- 
atis,  Pancreatitis— i.  Parencliyinatica,  Parencby- 
matitis — i.  Parotidum,  Parotitis,  Cynancbe  paro- 
tidsea  —  i.  Pectoris  acuta,  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pera- 
cuta,  Byperphlogo8is,  flyperphlegmasia — i.  Peri- 
:  cardii,  Pericarditis — i.  Peiiostei.  Periostitis  —  i. 
i  Periostei  orbitae,  Periorbitis  —  i.  Peritonaei,  Peri- 
tonitis—  i.  Pharyngis,  Cynancbe  pbaryogi 
I  Phrenitis,  Phrenitia  —  i.  Plenrae,  Pleuritia  —  i. 
Pneumonica.  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pulinonum.  Pneu- 
monia—  i.  Renum,  Nephritis  —  i.  Rennm  suc- 
eenturiatorum.  Paranephritis — i.  Retinae,  Dictyi- 
tis,  Retinitis — i.  Sclerotica?,  Sclerotitis — 1.  Scroti, 
Oscbitis  —  i.  Septi  transversi,  Diaphragmitia  —  i. 
Sinuum  frontalium.  Metopantritia  —  i.  Stomach i, 
Gastritis — i.  Superficial  internal  cordis,  Endocar- 
ditis  —  i.  Telse  eellulosae,  Ethmyphytis  —  i.  Telaa 
fibrosa?,  Inohymenitis  —  i.  Testium,  Hernia  hu- 
moralia — i.  TonaiUarnm,  Cynancbe  tonsillaris — i. 
Tnnicaa  byaloideae,  Byalitia  —  i.  Tympani,  Tym- 
panitis—  i.  Urethra,  Gonorrhoea  —  i.  Uteri.  Me- 
tritis— i.  Uteri  catarrhalis,  see  Metritis— i.  Uteri 
et  Peritonaei,  Metroperitonitis — i.  Uvulae,  Uvuli- 
ttS — i.  Vasorum,  Angeitia — i.  Vasorum  lymphati- 
corum,  Angeiolencitis — i.  Ventrieuli,  Gastritis — i. 
Ventrieuli    et    iiitestinorum,    Castro-enteritis — i. 

Vesicae,  Cvstitia — i.  Vesicae  felleae,  Cholecystitis. 
INFLAMMA'TION,  Inflamma'tio,  from  fa, 
nnd  il'iiiii, m.  •flame.'  'fire:'  Phleg*moni,  Phfogo'- 
tie,  Eephlogo'tie,  Epiphleg"ia,  Exap'tia,  t'idi'j- 
mn'xin,  f'mixt/iiiii,  Empret'ntn,  Phlo'gia,  fiyperen% 
doemoee  (Dutrochet),  fneen'dium,  fJffperh&mator- 
»»*»,  Hi/fi<!,(p'niiti  acti'va,  Phl-eboplero'aia  ecphrac'- 
tiea,  (V.)  Angii'te,  ia  so  culled  in  consequence  of 
the  acute  or  burning  pain  fell  in  a  part  affected 
with  it.  An  irritation  in  ■  part  ofthebodj  ia  oc- 
casioned by  some  stimulus: — owing  to  which  the 
blood  flowi  Into  the  capillary  vessels  in  greater 
abundance  than  natural,  and  those  veaaela  become 
over-dilated  and  enfeebled  ;  whence  result  pain, 
redness,  beat,  tension,  and  swelling;  symptoms 
which  appear  in  greater  or  less  severity,  accord- 
ing t'i  the  structure,  vital  properties,  and  func- 
tions of  the  part  affected,  and  it-  connexion  with 
other  parts,  as  well  :\<  according  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  iudniiual. 


INFLAMMATION  DES  AMYG BALES  Ad  (J 


I X  F  L  U  E  X  Z  0  I  D 


Simple  Accumulation  of  blood  in  the  capillaries 
of  the  part  is  hyperemia,  not  inflammation.  The 
latter  requires,  in  addition,  altered  nutrition 
either  of  the  vessels  themselves,  or  of  the  sur- 
rounding tissues,  or  of  both. 

The  inflammations  of  the  areolar  and  serous 
membranes  greatly  agree: — and  those  of  the 
mucous  and  skin  ;  the  former  being  more  active, 
and  constituting  the  phlegmonous  variety;  —  the 
latter.- the  erythematic  or  erysipelatous .  Of  this 
variety  is  the  diffusive  inflammation  produced  by 
morbid  poisons, — as  during  dissection,  where  so- 
lutions of  continuity  exist  on  the  fingers  of  the 
operator.  It  is  seen,  too,  in  workers  in  bone,  and 
hence  has  been  called  bone  fever.  Preparatory  to 
the  turning  of  bones,  it  is  customary  to  macerate 
them  in  water.  The  fluid  soon  becomes  putrid, 
and  if  the  hands  be  kept  in  it  diffusive  inflam- 
mation results.  Inflammation  may  end  by  reso- 
lution, suppuration,  gangrene,  adhesion,  effusion, 
or  induration.  Each  of  the  inflammations  of  in- 
ternal organs  has  received  a  name  according  to 
the  organ  affected;  —  as,  gastritis,  cephalitis,  en- 
teritis, hepatitis,  <tc.  Besides  the  above  inflam- 
mations, it  has  been  considered,  that  there  is  an 
instinctive  kind  established  for  the  union  of  parts 
which  have  been  divided,  whether  the  union 
takes  place  immediately,  or  by  the  aid  of  an  in- 
termediate body.  This  is  the  adhesive  inflam- 
mation of  some ;  but  it  may  well  be  questioned 
whether  inflammation  is  ever  desirable  in  such 
cases.  See  Adhesion,  Callus,  Cicatrix.  Brous- 
sais  considered  that  the  term  inflammation  should 
Include  every  local  exaltation  of  the  organic 
movements  which  is  sufficiently  great  to  disturb 
the  harmony  of  the  functions,  and  disorganize 
the  texture  in  which  it  is  situate.  He  farther 
extended  the  name  inflammation  to  irritations 
which  do  not  induce  disorganization  of  the  tex- 
tures, and  which  had  been  previously,  and  are 
still,  called  fevers. 

Examination  of  the  blood  drawn  always  exhi- 
bits an  increase  of  the  fibrinous  elements  —  the 
average  proportion  of  which,  in  healthy  blood,  is 
about  three  in  the  thousand.  In  inflammation.it 
at  times  rises  as  high  as  ten.  In  fevers  unaccom- 
panied with  inflammation,  the  proportion  is  natu- 
ral, or  below  the  average;  but  whenever  inflam- 
mation supervenes,  it  immediately  rises. 

External  inflammation  is  easily  detected  by  the 
characters  already  mentioned  : — internal,  by  dis- 
turbance of  function  and  pain  upon  pressure;  but 
the  last  sign  is  often  not  available.  Both  forms 
require  the  removal  of  all  irritation,  and  the  re- 
duction of  vascular  excitement  and  nervous  irri- 
tability :  hence,  blood-letting — local  and  general 
—  sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  counter-irritants 
become  valuable  remedies  in  almost  all  cases  of 
inflammation. 

Inflammation  is  not  always  of  the  active  kind. 
There  is  a  form .Inflamm a' tio  deb' His,  which  occurs 
in  low  conditions  of  the  system,  and  in  broken 
down  constitutions,  which,  like  many  forms  of 
chronic  inflammation,  requires  a  stimulant,  rather 
than  a  sedative,  mode  of  treatment. 

INFLAMMATION  DES  AMYG  DALES, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — i.  des  Arteres,  Arteritis — 
i.  of  the  Bladder.  Cystitis  —  i.  de  /a  Bouche,  Sto- 
matitis—  ?".  des  Branches,  Bronchitis  —  i.  du  Cgb- 
cum,  Typhlo-enteritis — i.  of  the  Caecum,  Typhlo- 
enteritis — i.  dn  Cerveau  et  dn  Cervelet,  Phrenitis 
— i.  dn  Coeur,  Carditis — i.  dn  Colon,  Colitis — i.  de 
la  Oonjonctive,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  of  the  Dia- 
phragm, Diaphragmitis — i.  Diffusive,  see  Inflam- 
mation —  i.  Diphtheritic,  Diphtheritis  —  i.  of  the 
Ear,  Otitis  —  /'.  de  V Epiglotte,  Epiglottitis — i.  de 
I' Estonian,  Gastritis — i.  of  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia — 
f.  dn  Foie,  Hepatitis  —  ?'.  des  Gencives,  Ulitis  —  i. 
General,  Synocha —  i.  of  the  Internal  Membrane 


of  the  Heart,  Endocarditis — i.  Internal,  Empres- 
ma  —  /.  de*  Intestins,  Enteritis — i.  of  the  Iris,  Iri- 
tis— i.  of  the  Kidney,  Nephritis — i.  de  la  Langue, 
Glossitis — i.  of  the  Larynx,  Laryngitis — i.  of  the 
Liver,  Hepatitis  —  i.  de  la  Incite,  Uvulitis — i.  of 
the  Lungs;  Pneumonia — i.  of  the  Malpighian  Bo- 
dies, Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — i.  des  J/«- 
melles,  Mastitis — i.  de  la  Matrice.  Metritis — i.  de 
la  Membrane  alviolo-dentai re,  Periodontitis — i. 
de  la  Membrane  sereuse  cephalo-rachidienne,  Me- 
ningitis— i.  of  the  Mesentery,  Mesenteritis — i.  de 
la  Moelle  epiniere  ou  rachidienne,  Myelitis  —  i. 
of  the  Mouth,  pseudo-membranous,  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous — i.  of  the  Mouth,  pultaeeor.s, 
Aphtha?  —  i.  des  Muscles.  Myositis  —  i.  des  Nerfs, 
Neuritis — i.  de  V(Eil,  Ophthalmia — ;".  de  V Oreille, 
Otitis — i.  de  VOraire,  Oaritis — ;'.  dn  Palais,  Hy- 
peroitis — ?'.  dn  Parenchyme  pulmonaire,  Pneumo- 
nia—  i.  de  la  Parotide,  Cynanche  parotid  sea  —  i. 
Pellicular,  Diphtheritis  —  i.  dn  Pericarde,  Pe- 
ricarditis—  i.  of  the  Pericardium.  Pericarditis 
—  I.  du  Peritoine,  Peritonitis  —  i.  of  the  Perito- 
naeum, Peritonitis — i.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleuritis — 
i.  de  la  Pierre,  Pleuritis  —  i.  des  Pounams, 
Pneumonia — i.  du  Muscle  psoas,  Psoitis — i.  de  la 
Bate,  Splenitis — i.  des  Beius,  Nephritis— -i.  Spon- 
goid,  Heematodes  Fungus,  see  also  Encephaloid — 
i.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastritis  —  t.  de  la  Testicule, 
Hernia  humoralis — i.  of  the  Testicle,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — t.  des  Tissue  blancs,  Angeioleucitis — i. 
of  the  Tongue,  Glossitis — ('.  des  Yaisseaux  lym- 
phatiqnes,  Angeioleucitis — ;'.  des  Veines,  Phlebi- 
tis— i.  de  la  Yesicule  du  Eiel,  Cholecystitis — i.ds 
la  Yessie,  Cvstitis — i.  of  the  Womb.  Metritis. 

INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,  Subinflamma'tio. 
A  superficial  and  often  insignificant  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  as  in  manv  cutaneous  affections. 
mTii\M'UA101RY,Inflamniato'riu8^Phlogfr. 
icus,  Phlogo'des,  Phlogis'ticus,  Phlogis'tic,  belong- 
ing to  inflammation  ; — as,  inflammatory  tumour, 
inflammatory  fever,  &c.  The  blood  is  said  to  Vie 
inflammatory  when  cupped  or  buffed.  See  Co- 
rium  phlogisticum. 

INFLAMMATORY  BLUSH,  Erythema. 
INFLAMMATUS,  Inflamed. 
IXFLATIO,    Emphysema,    Puffiness,    Colica 
flatulenta — i.  Parotidum,  Cynanche  parotida>u  — 
i.  Uteri.  Phvsometra. 
INFLEXIO.  Campsis. 
INFLUENCE,  Influenza. 
INFLUENTIA,  Influenza. 
INFLUENZA.     The    Italian    for    'Influence.' 
Influenza  Europce'a,  Influen'tia,  Catar'rhus  cpi- 
dem'icus,  C.  a  co?ita'gio,  Febris  catarrha'lls  epi- 
dem'ica,  Bheuma  epidem'icum,  Morbus   Yerveci'- 
nus  sen    Catarrha'lis  seu   Arie'tis,  Syn'ochus  seu 
i  Deflux'io   catarrha'lis,    Cephalal'gitx    con t agio' *a 
(epidemics  of  the  16th  and  17th  centuries)  :  (F.) 
Tac.  Qttinte,  Florion,  Ooqueluche,  Baraqnette,  Ge- 
nerate.   Grippe,   Fol/ette,    Grenade.    Coquette,    Ca- 
cote,  Petite  Paste,  Petit  Courier.  Allure,  Ladenda, 
i  Fievre  catarrhale  epidemique  ;  Influence,  Epide- 
|  mic  catarrh.     A  severe  form  of  catarrh  occurring 
epidemically,  and  generally  affecting  a  number 
1  of  persons  in  a  community.     See  Catarrh,  epide*- 
'  mic.      Gluge,  from   his    investigations  considers 
that  the  following  is  the  chronological   order  nf 
the  return  of  the  influenza  : — 14th  century,  1323, 
I  1326— 15th  century,  1410.  1411.  1414— 16th  cen- 
1  turv,  1510.   1557,  1562,   1574.  1580,  and  1593  — 
17th  century.  1658,  1669.   1675.  1693— 18th  cen- 
turv,   1708,  1712,   1729,   1732.  1733.   1742.  1743. 
1761,  1762,  and  1775— 19th  century,  1800,  ISO.",, 
1831,  and  1833.     To  these  may  be  added  1S37, 
and  1S43. 

Influenza  Efhop.ea,  Influenza. 
INFLUEN'ZOID,  Influenzal' des.     An  express- 
ive but  hybridous  compound:  from  influenza,  ami 


INFO  B M I T  A  S 


I  9  7 


INFUSUM 


tiSog.'r  11   -embling  influenza. — Dr. 

T.  Thompson. 

INFORMITAS,  Deformation. 

INFORTUNIUM,  Contraflssura. 

INFRA-ATLOID.SUS,  Bub-atloidssna. 

INFRA-AXOIDJEUS,  Bub-axoi  Irnus. 

INFRA-COSTALES,  stal  muscles. 

INFRA-MAXILLARIS,  Sub-raaxillary. 

INFRAMAXILLOSTBRNODYMIA,  Cepha- 
loaoraatodymia. 

IM'i;  \'  ORBITAR,  Sub-orbitar. 

INFRAPUBIAN  LIGAMENT,  Triangular  li- 
gament. 

[NFRA  SCAPULARIS,  Subscapular!*. 

INFRA-SPIN  A  LIS,  Infra-spinatus. 

INFR  \  SPINA'TUS,  Tu/raapiua'li*,  from  rw- 
fra,  *  beneath,'  and  apina,  '  spine.'  Situate  be- 
neath the  spine  of  the  scapula. 

Inkk  a-Siis  \' i  v    Fossa,     K.)  Fo*$e   aoua-fpi- 

avation  on  the  posterior  surface 

of  the  scapula,  beneath  its  spine.   It  is  filled  by  the 

Ibfra-Spixatus  3Tuecle,  firm id  Seapulo  tro. 
thitirit    ,     §  tcapula'ria    inferior  (Ch.),   (F.) 

Sovt-fpineux,  which  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular. 
It  is  attached,  by  its  base,  to  the  three  inner 
qunrters  of  the  fossa  ;  ami  is  inserted,  by  a  long 
tendon,  into  the  middle  part  of  the  great  tubero- 
sity of  the  os  humeri  ( Troch'iter).  It  turns  the 
arm  outwards,  and,  when  the  arm  is  elevated, 
carries  it  backwards. 

INFRINGENS,  Comment. 

INFUNDIB'ULUM,  (t»,  and  /undere,  ftttnim, 
'to  pour  'i:t.'  A  Funnel,  Trito'rium,  Chon'ne, 
CkoHot,  (¥.)  Entonnoir, — of  which  various  kinds 
iployed  in  pharmaceutical  operations.  A 
name,  given  to  many  parts  which,  more  or  less, 
resemble  a  funnel.  See  Proventriculus.  It  is  par- 
ticularly appropriated  to  the  following  organs:— 

hi -i  Muit'fi  hi  of  tiik  Brain,  Tnfnndib'ulum 
sen  Pelvia  seu  Cbna'na  sen  Cy'nthua  sen  Scyphu* 
"lt<<  sen  Lncu'na  sen  A'/,/'/,,,/,,,,/  pen  AqucE- 
dm'tiii  sen  Labium  geu  Cnucnn'itnH  cnnchnln'ria 
sen  Proeeaaua  orbiculn'ria  Cer'ebri,  ()■'.)  Enton- 
ttoir  du  ventricule  moyen  dn  cerveau,  Tige  Pitui- 
*-*phfno'idale.  A  depression  in  the 
inferior  paries  of  the  middle  ventricle,  above  the 
pituitary  gland.  It  was,  anciently,  regarded  as 
a  canal  by  which  the  fluid,  collected  in  the  ven- 
tricles of  the  brain,  was  evacuated,  and  poured 
into  ttie  Basal  fost 

•ir.ru  m  Cerebri,  T.  of  the  Prain. 

i  iM  or-  the  Cochlea,  /.  Coeh'leai, 

Sryph  :  mii  audi  to' r  ins,  Cucul'lua.  ('<<- 

mult*  Scafu'rnm  commit' nia.  This,  with  the  mo- 
diolus, forms  the  nucleus  around  which  the  gyri 
of  the  cochlea  pass.  It  is  an  imperfect  funnel, 
the  apex  of  which  is  common  with  that  of  the 
modiolus;  and  the  base  is  covered  with  the  a]  ex 
of  the  cochlea,  termed  Cu'pola. 

In  Surgery,  infundibula  or  funnels  are  used 
to  direct  steam  or  vapours ;  to  conduct  the  actual 
•tain  morbid  part-.  A  >. 
ITOIB1  i  i  M  OF  mi:  BTHMOin  BoifB,  or  OF 
tiik  X  iss  w  Ross  i .  One  of  the  anterior  cells  of 
that  I.., ne.  whi,h  i~-  broad  and  expanded  above, 
and  Darrou  i  ilow  :  op  >ning,  above,  into  the  fron- 
tal sinus-;    below,  into   the  anterior  part  of  the 

midd!  the  nasal  t 

mmihi.tm   of  Tin:    He  ART,  Conns  arterio- 
sus—i  of  the  Kidney,  see  Calii      i.  Laorymale, 
9  •<• —  i.  Tubarura  Fallopii,  see  'Jul  ■  ■, 
,  i.  Ventriculi,  Oesophagus. 
TNI  ,ion. 

INFU'SION,  1  .   from   in  fun. 

dere(in.  ami  i),  '  to  pour  in,' '  to  in- 

troduce.'     A    pharmaceutical   operation,   which 
-  in  pouring  a  hot  ,,r  cold  fluid  upon  a  rab- 
medical  virtu.'-  it  i-  desired  :■•  ex- 

r  the  product  of  this 

J2 


operation.  (F.)  Infusion,  TnftuS.  In  Surgery,  infu- 
sion—  Chirur'gia  xnfuao'ria,  Ar*  clyamat'ica  rmm 
—is  the  act  of  introducing  into  the  reins  medicinal 
Bubstances,  by  aid  of  an  instrument  called  Infuao», 
See  Tn/neoir,  This  mode  of  introducing  medi- 
oines  was  called  Ar*  infuto'ria. 

[hfubioh  or  AwetJSTURA,  Infusum  Cusparite 
—  i.  of  Bark,  Infusum  cinchonas —  i.  of  Buchu, 
Infusum  Diosmse — i.  of  Calumba,  Infusum  ca- 
lumba  —  i.  of  Caeearilla,  Infusum  oascarillsB  — 
i.  of  Catechu,  Infusum  catechu  compositum  —  i. 
of  Cayenne  pepper,  Infusum  cspsici  —  i.  of  Cha- 
momile, Infusum  anthemidis  —  i.  of  Cinchona, 
Infusum  cinchona — i.  of  Cloves.  Infusum  cary..- 
phyllorum — i.  ofCusparia,  Infusum  cusparisa  — 
i.  of  Dandelion,  Infusum  Taraxaci  —  i.  of  Fox- 
glove, Infusum  digitalis — i.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Infusum  gentinna  compositum — i.  of  Ging 
fusum  Zingiberis  —  i.  of  Hops,  Infusum  bumuli 
— i.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Infusum  Brmorn- 
cias  compositum  —  i.  of  Linseed,  Infusum  lini 
compositum — i.  of  Matico,  Infusum  matico  —  i. 
of  Mint,  compound,  Infusum  menthas  compositum 
— i.  of  Orange-peel,  compound)  Infusum  aurantii 
compositum  —  i.  of  Pareira  Brava,  Infusum  Pa- 
reine  —  i.of  Pinkroot, Infusum  spigelise — i.<'t  Quae- 
Bia, Infusum  quassisa — i. of  R  ha  tany,  Infusum  Km- 
meria — i.of  Rhubarb,  Infusum  rhei  —  i.  of  tie 
j  Rose,  Infusum  rossB  compositum  —  i.  of  Sar- 
saparilla,  Infusum  sarsaparillsB —  i.of  S 
pith,  Infusum  sassafras  medulla  —  i.of  Seneka, 
Infusum  Senega; — i.of  Senna.  Infusum  senate 
compositum  —  i.  of  Simaruha.  Infusum  simarn- 
bsfi —  i.  of  Slippery  elm,  Infusum  ulmi—L  of 
Thoroughwort,  Infusum  eupatorii — i.of  Tobacco, 
Infusum  tabaci — i.  of  Valerian,  Infusum  Valeria- 
nae— i.  of  Virginia  snakeroot,  Infusum  Berpen  ta- 
riff— i.  of  Wild  cherry,  Infusum  pruni  Virginiana*. 

IX  riSO  I  It  (F.),  Tnfu'aor.  An  instrument 
for  injecting  medicinal  Bubstances  into  the 
veins.  It  was  a  kind  of  funnel,  the  elongated 
apex  of  which  was  stopped  by  a  metallic  rod, 
which  could  he  withdrawn  when  the  apex  was 
introduced  into  a  vein. 

INFU'SUM,  Eu'ehymo.  The  product  of  an 
infusion. 

In;  i  sim  AcACIjE  CATECHIT,  T.  catechu   COmpo- 
!  situm — i.  Amarum   vinosum,    Vinum    gentianm 
compositum — i.  of  Angustura,  I.  cusparim. 

Imim  \i  Anthem'idis,  Hydrochomaime'lnru, 
Tn/uaion  <>/  Chom'omile.  [Anthemid.  flor.  "^<*  ; 
in/,  bxdlient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  ten  minutes  in  a 
Covered  vessel,  and  strain.)      Dose,  fjj  to  f5iss. 

Infusum  Armora'cijs  Compos'itum,  I.Ariw- 
rnrifr,  (I'll.  I'.  S. ),  Compound  Tn/uaion  of  Horae- 
rndiah.  [Armorae.  eoncis.,  ainapia  cont.,  sing. 
3J  :  aqua  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours, 
and  strain.)      Dose,  f^j  to  f.^iij. 

Infisim  Aiiian'tii  Comius'itim,  Compound 
In/union  of  Orange  Peel.  (Auraut.  cort.  sice.  3[|j  ; 
limon,  cort,  n<i  nt.  JJj;  earjfoph,  cont.  t^~- :  a  , 
fervent.  Oss.  Macerate  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
.-train.— Ph.  L.)     Dose,  fjisa  to  f.^ij. 

Imisim  BBABn,  Wort  —  i.  Ihichu,  Infusum 
Diosmaa  —  i.  Bynos,  AVort. 

I  ni  i  mm  Cali  m'u.j:,  /.  Oalom'bm  sei  Colomha, 
Tn/uaion  of  Cvlumba.  {Calumb.  rod.  eoncis.  3ss; 
aq.  fervent  (»j-  Macerate  for  two  bours/and 
strain.  — Ph.  U.  S.)      Dose,  fjisi  to  ^iij. 

I  M  i  -l   M   C  LP'SICI,  Infusion  ,f  (  ',,y,  „n,   Ptpfi  r. 

(Capeic.    in.    pulv.    crass,  ^ss;   aq,  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate   for  two   boon,  and   strain. —  Ph.   I.  S. 
Dose,  f  .^iss. 

[RTD8UM     CaRTOPHTL'lT,     Tnfuxion    of  Clove*. 

i  Con/,,), h.  eontus.  f^ij  :   aq.  bnllient.  <»j.  Mace, 
rate  t',,r  two  hours,  and  strain.;      Doi 
i.Vi- 

Im  i  -i  m  ('  \v,  imi'LM,  Ii'f-i  trilla. 

ill.  eontus.  t^j ;  aq.  bullient,  Oj.  Mace- 


INFUSUM 


408 


INFUSUM 


rate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^iss  to 

#«■ 

Infusum  Cassi.e  Sknn.e,  I.  sennas  coinpo- 
sitnni. 

Infusum  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  /.  Catechu  \\ 
seu  A<a'cia  Catechu,  Infusion  of  Catechu.  {Gate-  ', 
chu,  in  pulv.  ,^ss:  cinnam.  cont.  ^j  ;  aq.  bullient.  | 
Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.)  Dose,  j 
f  j§i*8  to  fgij. 

Inpusum  Cincho'NjE,  /.  Cinchona  lancifo'/ia, 
Tu/usiou  of  Cinchona.  (Cinch,  contus.  ^j  ;  aq. 
fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
This  infusion  may  also  be  made  from  the  same  j 
quantity  of  bark  in  coarse  powder  by  the  process 
of  displacement  with  hot  or  cold  water.  Dose,  '■ 
f^j  to  f^iij.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  has  an  Infu'sum  Ciucho'na  fiava,  Infusion 
of  yellow  bark,  and  an  Infusum  Cinchona  rubra*. 
Infusion  of  red  bark,  which  are  prepared  in  the 
same  manner.  It  has  also  an  Infu'sum  Ciucho'na 
Compos' it  a, a,  which  is  made  as  follows  :  (Cinchon. 
rubr.  in  pulv.  ^j  ;  Acid.  Sulph.  aromat.  f^j  ;  || 
aqua,  Oj.  Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  occasion- 
ally shaking,  and  strain.)  Dose,  same  as  the 
last. 

Infusum  Cinchona  Compositum,  see  Infusum 
Cinchona? — i.  Cinchonas  flava?,  see  Infusum  Cin- 
chonas—  i.  Colonibas,  I.  calumbas. 

Inpusum   Cuspa'ri^e,  /.  Angustu'ra,  Infusion1} 
of  Cuspa'ria.     (Caspar,    cort.    contus.   ^ss;    aq. 
bullient.  Oj.    Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  fgjtof^iij. 

Infusum  Digita'lis,  /.  Dic/italis  purpu'rea, 
Infusion  of  Foxglove.  (Digital.  SJJj  aq.  bullient. 
Oss ;  tinct.  cinnamomi,  f^j.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  add  sp.  cinnam.  fjjj.)     Dose.  f^j. 

Infusum  Dios'm^e,  Ph.  U.  S..  18-42,  /.  BncTiu,\ 
Ph.   U.    S.,    1851,    Infusion    of  Buchu.      (Dio,m. 
ai  5  ao-  bullient.  Oj.     Macerate  for  four  hours  in 
a  covered  vessel,  and  strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose 
fjiss. 

Infusum  Eupato'rii,  Infusion  of  Thorough- 
wort.  (Enpator.  !§j  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two    hours,   and   strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)     Dos' 

Infusum   Gentia'nje  Compos'itum,   Compound 
Infusion   of  Gentian.      (Gentian,   cont.   ^ss;   Au- 
rant.  cort.,  Coriandr.  contus.  aa  £j  ;  alcohol,  dilut. 
f^iv;  aqua,  f ^ xij.     First  pour  on  the  alcohol,: 
and  three  hours  afterwards,  the  water;  then  ma-  j 
cerate  for  twelve  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  i 
Dose,  fgj  to  f^ij. 

Marsden's  Antiscorbu'tic  Drops,  an  empirical 
preparation,  consist  of  a  solution  of  corrosive  sub- 
limate in  an  infusion  of  gentian. 

Infu'sum  Hu'muli,  /.  Lu'puli,  Infusion  of 
Hops.  (Hnmttl.  |jss :  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
fgiss  to  f  giij. 

Infusum  Junip'eri,  Infu'sion  of  Ju' ni})er.  The 
common  mode  of  making  this  infusion  is  by  an 
ounce  of  Juniper  Berries  to  a  pint  of  boiling 
water.  The  whole  may  be  taken  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

Infu'sum   Krame'ri.e,  Infusion  of  Rhat'any. 
(Kramer,  contus.  ^j  ;   aq.  bullient.  Oj.     Macerate 
for  four  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.   U.  S.)     Dose,  | 
f^iss. 

Infusum  Lini,  I.  L.  compositum. 

Infusum  Lini  Compos'itum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851), 
I.  Lini  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1S42),  /.  Lini  usitatis'simi, 
Infusion  of  Linseed,  Flaxseed  Tea.  (Lini  sem.  ! 
cont.  ,^ss  ;  glycyrrh.  rad.  cont.  £ij  :  aqua;  bullient. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
a  teacupful,  ad  libitum. 

Infusum  Lupuli,  Infusum  Humuli  —  i.  Malti,  , 
Wort.  11 


INFUSUM  Mati'cO,  Infusion  of  Matico.  (3fa- 
tico,  3;ss  (avoirdupois)  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oss  (Imp. 
meas.).  Infuse  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  fgiss  to  fgij. 

INFUSUM  Menth.E  Vllt'lDIS.  Infusion  of  Spear- 
mint, Mint  Tea.  (Mentha  virid.  ^iij  ;  aq.  bulli- 
ent. Oss.  Infuse  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  f  :$iij. 

Infusum  PAHBi'KM,Inf union  of  Pareira  Brava. 
(Pareir.  £vj  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj  (Imp.  meas.).  In- 
fuse for  two  hours,  and  straiu. —  Ph.  E.)  Dose, 
f^j  orf.^ij. 

Infusum  Picis  Empvreumatic,e  Liquip.e.  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  i.  Picis  liquidum,  see  Pinus 
sjdvestris — i.  Polygalae,  Infusum  Senegas. 

Infusum  Pruni  Virginia 'n.e.  Infusion  of  Wild 

Cherry  Hurl,-.  (Prun.  Virginian.  Cont.  Ijss  ; 
aqna>.  Oj.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fgj  to  fsiij. 

Infusum  Quass'i.e.  /.  Quassia  excel'»a,  Infu- 
sion of  Quassia.  (Quassia  Hgn.  cont.  J^ij ;  aq. 
(frigid.)  Oj.  Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  and 
strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fjfj  to  f §iv. 

Infusum  Rhei,  An'ima  lihei,  Infusion  of  Rhu- 
barb. (Rhti.  cont.  33  \  aq.  ferv.  Qt*.  Macerate 
for   two    hours,    and   strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose, 

•'5J  t"  f5«- 

Infusum  Ros.f  Compos'itum,  /.  Rosa  Gol'hoa, 
Infusion  of  the  Hose.  (Ros.  Gallic.  Sjiv  ;  aq.  bul- 
lient. Oiiss  ;  acid,  sulph.  d.  f  !Jiij  5  sacch.  jnirif. 
t^iss.  Add  the  water,  and  afterwards  the  acid  : — ■ 
macerate  for  half  an  hour;  strain,  and  add  the 
sugar.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fjfiss  to  Oss. 

Infusum  Sarsaparil'l^e,  Infusion  of  Sarsa- 
parilla.  (Sarsaparill.  contus.  £j  ;  aqtta  bullient. 
Oj.  Digest  for  two  hours  in  a  covered  vessel, 
and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^iv. 

Infusum  Sass'afras.  /  Saaaafrtm  medull'a,  In- 
fusion of  Sassafras  Pith,  M u'eilage  of  Sassafras 
Pith.  (Sassafras  medull.  £j  ;  aqua  (frigid.),  Oj. 
Macerate  for  three  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
An  emollient  collyrium,  and  a  demulcent  drink. 

I.NFUSUM  Sen'eg.E,  Infusum  Polyg'ala,  Infusion 
of  Seneka.  (Seneg.  %x  ;  aq.  bullient.  (Imp.  meas.). 
Infuse  for  four  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  E.)  Dose, 
flj  to  fgitf. 

Infusum  Senn^e,  /.  S.  Compos'itum,  I.  Cassia 
Senna  sen  Senna  simplex,  Infusion  of  Senna. 
(Senna,  t^j  :  coriandr.  cont.  ^j  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  &.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  fj§iv. 

The  Black  Draught,  Black  Dose.  Black  bottle, 
Haustus  niger,  is  usually  formed  of  this  infusion. 
It  may  be  made  of  infvs.  senna.  f^v  ;  aq.  cinnam. 
f ^j  ;  manna,  Jiv  J  magnes.  sulph.  ^vj.  Dose,  a 
wineglassful. 

Seltcay's  Prepared  Essence  of  Senna  is  a  con- 
centrated infusion  of  the  leaves  in  combination 
with  an  alkali. 

Infusum  Senn.f  Compositum.  I.  sennas. 

Infusum  Serpenta'rue.  Infusion  of  Virginia 
Snakeroot.  (Serpentar.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^iss. 

Infusum  Simaru'B/E,  Infusion  of  Simaruba. 
(Simarub.  cort.  cont.  ,^iij  ;  aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  E.)  Dose, 
fgj  to  f  j«. 

Infu'sfm  SpiGe'uuf,,  Infusion  of  Pinkroot. 
(Spigel.  Jss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  flfiv  to 
Oss. 

INFUSUM  Tab'aCI,  Infusion  of  Tobacco.  (Ta- 
baci  fol.  £j  ;  aq.ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour, 
and  strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Half  of  this  per  an  urn  in 
strangulated  hernia. 

Infusum  Tarax'aci,  Infusion  of  Dan'ddion. 


INC.  A 


490 


IXITIS 


(Taraxac.  contus.  ^ij  ;  aq.  bidlieut.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate fur  two  hoon,  an  1  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Duse, 
f^l88,  as  a  diuretic, 

FsKl'srxr      I'l.Ml.    Infusion    of   Slip'pery     Elm, 

Slippery    Elm    Tea.      This   preparation,   in    the 

Pharmacopeia  of  the  United  States,  i>  made  by 

infusing  one  ounce  of  slippery  elm  bark  in  a  pint 
of  boiling  water. 

T.vrtsi  \f    Vai.KI'.ia'n.K,    Infusion   of  Y,d,'rian. 
[Rod.  i'il- rinn.  in  crass,   jnilv.  ^SSj   aq.  bullieut. 
Qj.   Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — PI 
•  ■  3  ij. 

IHPDSDM  Zi.NGIB'eris,  Infusion  of  Ginger,  Gin- 
i.     [Zingib.  contus.  5<s  :  aq.  bullieut.  Oj. 
.Macerate   for  two   hours,  ami   strain.  —  Ph.  1  .  B. 
.  t'^iss  to  f.^ij.  as  a  carminative. 

I.NtiA.  A  _- enns  of  plants,  Ord.  Legumi- 
belongiug  to  South  America,  many  of  the 
species  of  which  are  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties. Iw/'i  Lark  is  used  in  South  America  as 
a  tonic  astringent  in  diarrhoea,  gonorrhoea,  Ac. 
An  extract,  prepared  from  it,  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  rhatany. 

INGEN'IUM  [Morbi).  The  nature  or  genius 
of  a  disease,  from  in,  and  geno,  for  gigno,  '  to 
generate.'  This  word  is  employed,  especially  by 
the  French,  synonymously  with  nature.  They 
■peak,  for  instance,  of  Genie  in/lammatoire, 
bilieur.  &c.  Some,  also,  use  ytnie  in  the  place 
of  ti/pe  of  an  intermittent. 

IXl' KS'TA.    from    in,   and  gerere,  gestum.-  *  to 
bear  or  carry  into.'     Substances,  introduced  into 
ly  by  the  digestive  passages:  as  food,  con- 
diments, drinks.  A    . 

[NGLU'VIES,   Aplee'tia,   Victiis  intemperttn'- 

tfm: — Gluttony,  Insatiableness ;  also,  the  Crop  or 

r  Gorge  of  Birds,  (F.)  Jabot;  and  the  firwt 

■  >r  paunch  of  ruminant  animals — Pen'ula, 

Venter     magnus.    (F.)    Pause,     Herbier, 

Double.     Also,  the  Pharynx. 

[NGRAS'SIAS,  APOPH'YSES  OF.  The 
lesser  ulae  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

[NGRAVrDATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

INGRAVIDATION,  Fecundation.  Pregnancy. 

rNGRESSUS  SUPERIOR,  Cardia. 

INGUEN,   Bubon,   Bubo,  'the   groin/  (Prov.) 

I. auk.      Last,      Lisk,     Lesk  ;      ASdae'ou,      I/''/, ntis 

emuncto'ria,  (F.)  Aine.      The  oblique   fold   or  de- 

parates  the  abdomen  from  the 

It.  is  only,  properly  speaking,  a  tine  thai 

extends  from   the  anterior  and   superior  spinous 

-   of  the  ilium   to    the   middle   part  of  the 

horizontal  ramus  of  the  pubis.     Also,  the  genital 

IN   Gl    INAL,  Inguina'lis,    from    ingnrn,    iugui- 
BM,   'the  groin.'     Belonging   or   relating    to    the 
groin.     This  epithet    has    been   given   to   various 
Lb  in  the  region  of  the  groin  or  in- 
guinal i 

[SAL  AftTKKY  IS  that  portion  of  the  femoral 

situate  immediately  beneath  the  crural 
arch  in  the  inguinal  region. 

i    is  a  canal,  about   two  inches  ! 
in  length,  proceeding  obliquely  downwards,  in- 

and  forwards  at  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 

:  through  which  passes  the  Bpermatie  cord, 
in  men,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus  in 
women.  This  .-anal  is  formed,  inferiorly  and  an- 
teriorly, by  the  aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique 

:   posteriorly  by  the  fatcia  transversa/./*, 

which  is  joined  to  the  preceding  aponeurosis,  and 

ep  channel,  into  which  are  re 

ceived  the  b>>ser  oblique  and  transveraalis  mus- 

rhe  inguinal  .-anal  has  two  apertures;  the 
one.  the  imrrr  and  inner,  is  called  the  inguinal  or 
abdominal   ring.      It   is    bounded   by   twii 
tendin*  which  fix  it— the  innermost  to 

iphyi«is,  the  outermost  to  the  spin,-  of  the 
tnd  outer  apt  rturt  is  formed 


by  the  fascia  transrersalis.     From  the  i 

trture  arises  a  membranous  tunnel. — a 
prolongation  of  the  fascia  tr.nisversalis, — which, 
receives  the  spermatic  vessels;  forms  their  proper 
sheath,  and  accompanies  them  as  far  as  the  tes- 
ticle. On  its  inside  lies  the  epigastric  artery. 
Above  it,  is  the  lower  edge  of  the  transversalis 

:  and,  below,  it  is  bounded  by  the  channel 
of  the  greater  oblique.  By  following  the  oblique 
direction  of  this  canal,  and  passing,  consequently, 
on  the  outside  of  the  epigastric  art.  rv.  the  riscera 
arc  displaced,  so  as  to  constitute  internal  inguinal 
hernia. 

ctal   Rr'gtow,   Re'gio   inguina'lit, 
fnguen.     The  region  of  the  groin. 

Inguinal    Ring,    Abdom'iual    Ring,   An'nulna 

abd'iiu' inis,  (¥.)  Annenit   Inguinal,  is    the    inferior 
aperture  of  the  inguinal  canal. 

[N'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS.  A  name  given  by 
Professor  Chauesier  to  the  middle  ramus  of  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve,  be- 
cause it  sends  its  numerous  filaments  to  the  groin, 
scrotum,  and  to  the  skin  of  the  superior  part  of 
the  thigh. 

IXII  "KREXS.  Inherent. 

IXIIALATIO.  Absorption,  Inhalation— i.  Cu- 
tis, see  Absorption. 

INHALA'TION,  fnnala'tio;  from  fa,  and  ha- 
lare,  'to  breathe.'  The  act  of  drawing  air  or  va- 
pour into  the  lungs  —  Inhala'tio  ptdtnona'li». 
Also,  absorption. 

INHA'LER.  Same  etymon.  An  apparatus 
for  inhalation.  Madge's  Inhaler  is  an  apparatus 
for  inhaling  the  steam  of  hot  water,  in  affections 
of  the  air-passages.  It  consists  of  a  • 
tankard  provided  with  a  lid.  into  which  a  flexible 
tube  is  inserted.  Through  this  the  vapour  is 
inhaled. 

IXHK'REXT,  Inherent,  (in,  and  hareo,  'I 
stick.')  That  which  adheres,  or  which  is  joined 
or  united  to  any  thing. 

Inherent  Cautery*,  (F.)  Cant  ere  inherent,  is 
the  actual  cautery,  left  in  contact  with  a  pare 
until  it  is  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  deep  eschar. 

I.Mll  .MA'TIOX.  Inhuma'tio,  from  iuhumo,  in- 
huniatus,  (in,  and  humnx,)  «I  put  into  the  ground.' 
The  sepulture  of  the  dead.  This  belongs  to  the 
subject  of  medical  police.  Also,  digestion  of 
substances  in  earth  or  dung.     See  Arenatio. 

IX TAD.  Bee  Enial. 

IXTAL,  from  tviov,  'the  nnpe  of  the  neck.' 
An  epithet,  proposed  by  I>r.  Barclay,  for  nn  as- 
pect towards  the  plane  of  the  ridge  of  the  occi- 
put. Fniad  is  employed  by  him  adverbially  to 
signify  'towards  the  inial  aspect.' 

INIENCEPH'ALUS,  (P.)  IniencfphaU,  from 
iviov,  'occiput,'  and  cyic  'a>os,  '  enccphalon.'  A 
monster  whose  enccphalon  is  in  great  part  in  the 
cranium,  and  in  part  out  of  it,  behind,  and  :i 
little  beneath  the 'cranium,  which  is  open  in  its 
occipital  portion.— I.  (J.  St.  Ililaire. 

[NIQDYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

INION,  linn'.     Some  of  the  Greek  physicians 
give  this  name  to  the  occiput,  or  the  rid--    of  the 
occiput;   others  to  the  hack  part  of  the  neck,  and 
the  muscles  of  the  occiput.     Blancard  - 
the  commencement  Of  the  spinal  marrow. 

[NI0P8,  /atone,  from  iviov,  'occiput,-  and  uU% 
'the    eye,    face.'      A    monster,    double    above    li" 

umbilicus,  which   has   two   ear>   v.ry  near  each 
other,  or  only  one  median  ear.  and   above 
greater  or  leas  distance,  a  median    orl.it    i;i    I 
more  or  less  imperfect.      The  rudimental  face  up. 
peering  to  be  directly  opposite  the    princi]  I 
ted  the  name.— I.  (',.  St.  Ililaire. 
I.NT'IIS.    fnohgmeni'tit,   from  ,y,  pen.   n 
fibre,1  and   itis,  a  suffix   denoting  inflammation* 
Fibrous  inflammation. 


INITIUM 


500 


INITIUM,  Arche— i.  Asperae  arteriae,  Larynx 
— i.  Extuberans  Coli,  Caecum. 

INIUM,  iviov.  The  nucha.  Also,  the  muscles 
at  the  back  of  the  neck.     See  Inion. 

INJACULA'TIO,  (?'»,  and  jaculor,  jaculatus, 
'to  shoot.')  A  term  employed  by  Van  Helmont 
to  designate  an  acute  pain  of  the  stomach,  with 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  body. 

INJBCT'ED,  Injec't 110,  from  injicere,  injectum, 
(in,  and  jacere,  'to  throw  into.')  The  face  and 
other  parts  are  said  to  be  injected,  when  the  accu- 
mulation of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  gives 
them  an  evident  red  colour.  A  subject  or  part 
of  a  subject  is  also  said  to  be  ■injected,  when  its 
vessels  have  been  filled,  by  the  anatomist,  with 
an  appropriate  composition. 

INJECTION,  Jnjec'tio,  E is' bole  :  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  introducing,  by  means  of  a  sy- 
ringe or  other  instrument,  a  liquid  into  a  cavity 
of  the  body.  The  liquid  injected  is  also  called  an 
injection.  Anatomists  use  injections  —  Injectio'- 
ves  unatom'iccB  —  for  filling  the  cavities  of  ves- 
sels, in  order  that  they  may  be  rendered  more 
apparent,  and  their  dissection  be  facilitated.  For 
this  purpose,  they  employ  syringes  of  different 
dimensions,  and  various  materials.  The  most 
common  injections  are  made  of  soot,  wax,  and 
turpentine,  coloured  with  lamp-black,  vermillion, 
&c.  There  are  three  kinds  chiefly  used  by  ana- 
tomists,—  the  coarse,  the  fine,  and  the  minute. 
The  following  are  formulae  for  each. 

Coarse  Injection. 

No.  1. 

Pure  yellow  wax,  oz.  xvj. 

Bleached  rosin,  oz.  viij. 

Turpentine  varnish,  by  measure,  oz.  vj. 

No.  2. 

Yelhno  rosin,  lb.  ij. 
Yellow  ieax,  lb.  j. 

Turpentine    varnish,    a    sufficient    quantity    to 
make  the  mixture  flexible  when  cold. 

No.  3. 
Tallow,  lb.  ij. 
White  ivax,  oz.  x. 
Common  oil,  oz.  vj. 
Venice  turpentine,  oz.  iv. 
Mix  and  liquefy  over  a  slow  fire  or  over  boiling 
water. 

To  make  any  of  these  mixtures. 
Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  iij. 
Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  iiss. 
"White — best  flake  white,  oz.  vss. 
•p  .     ,  .  f  best  flake  u-hite,  oz.  iiiss. 

raie-uiue      ^finebl„e  8maUt  oz.  iiisa. 

Dark-blue  —  blue  verditer,  oz.  xss. 
Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

{powdered  verdigris,  oz.  ivss. 
best  flake  white,  oz.  iss. 
powdered  gamboge,  oz.  j. 

Fine  Injection. 

Brown  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
White  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
Turpentine  varnish,  oz.  j. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  j. 

Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  jj. 

White  —  best  flake  white,  oz.  ij. 

t  •    i-i.  \-i         (  fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  iss. 

Light-blue   {•',     .  j   7        ,  • '  -q 

°  (  best  flake  white,  oz.  jf. 

Dark  blue  —  blue  verditer,  oz.  iv. 

Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  ss. 


INNERVATION 


Minute  Injection. 


Take  of  transparent  size,  broken  to  pieces,  or 
Isinglass,  oz.  viij. 
Water,  lb.  iss.     Dissolve. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  v. 
Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  iv. 
White — best  flake  ichite,  oz.  v. 
Blue — fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  viij. 

{powdered  verdigris,  oz.  iij. 
best  flake  white,  dr.  ij. 
powdered  gamboge,  dr.  j. 
Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

Beautiful  injections,  are  made  with  ether  as 
the  menstruum. 

Cold    Injection. 

White  lead  and  red  lead,  each,  oz.  iv ;  linseed 
oil,  enough  to  form  a  thick  paste  when  thty 
are  rubbed  well  together.    Liquefy  this  paste 
with  turpentine  varnish,  oz.  viij. 
The  advantage  of  this  mixture  is,  that  the  sub- 
ject need  not  be  heated. 

In  order  to  inject  the  arteries,  the  injection 
must  be  forced  from  the  great  trunks  towards 
their  ultimate  ramifications.  To  inject  the  veins, 
on  the  contrary,  it  is  indispensable,  on  account  of 
their  valves,  to  send  the  injection  from  the  smaller 
divisions  towards  the  greater.  The  lymphatics 
are  usually  injected  with  mercury.  The  practi- 
tioner injects,  by  forcing  with  a  syringe,  liquids, 
such  as  emollient,  narcotic,  stimulant,  and  other 
decoctions  or  infusions,  into  different  hollow  or- 
gans, as  the  rectum,  vagina,  nasaj  fossae,  urethra, 
tunica  vaginalis,  auditory  canal,  &c,  to  fulfil  va- 
rious therapeutical  indications. 

The  following  injection  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended by  Dr.  Horner  to  preserve  the  dead 
body. 

Take  of  Liverpool,  St.  Ubes, 

or  Turk's  Island  Salt,       oz.  36  avoird. 
Nitrate  of  potassa,  "    19 

Carbonate  of  Soda,  a      8 

Molasses  (Sugar-house,)      "      4  by  ineas. 
Water,  six  pints. 

The  saline  constituents  to  be  dissolved  first  of 
all  in  boiling  hot  water  ;  the  molasses  to  be  after- 
wards stirred  in  :  the  starch  to  be  mixed  well  with 
half  a  pint  of  cold  water,  and  then  to  be  stirred 
in  with  the  other  articles.  As  soon  as  it  begins 
to  boil,  the  whole  mass  swells  up,  when  it  mu.^t 
be  removed  from  the  fire.  On  the  proper  reduc- 
tion of  temperature  it  is  fit  for  use. 

Injection,  Matthews's,  see  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis. 

Injectiones  Anatomic.*:,  see  Injection. 

INK,  Atramentum. 

INKBERRY,  Prinos  glaber. 

IN-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

IN'NATE,  from  in,  and  nascor,  natus,  'I  am 
born.'     Inborn. 

Innate  Diseases,  3forbi  conna'ti  seu  congeu' - 
iti,  (F.)  Jfaladies  innees.  Diseases  with  which 
the  infant  is  born.  They  are  not  always  heredi- 
tarv.  as  hereditarv  diseases  are  not  always  innate. 

INNEKLEITII'EN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  springs,  situate  near  the  Tweed,  and 
supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  "St.  Ronnn's  Well,'' 
contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and 
carbonate  of  magnesia. 

INNERVATION,  Innerva'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  nervus,  'a  nerve.'  By  this  term  is  meant  — 
the  nervous  influence,  necessary  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  life  and  the  functions  of  the  various  or- 
gans ; — an  influence  of  whose  character  and  source 


IXNOMIXATUM 


501 


INSCRIPTION  r.S 


we  arc  ignorant     It  seems  to  resemble  the  gal- 

[NNOMINA'TUM,  Amom'ymum,  (rota  in,  'ne- 
gation/ and  nomen,  'a  name.'  (F.)  Anonyme. 
11. i\  ing  ao  name. 

Innmivv'ta  Aiuk'i-.ia,  Braekfo-cephaPit  or- 
fery,   Arte'ria  anon'yma,  Right  Subclavian,     1'. 

braehio-eSphaliqm 
i.--  the  trunk  eo mm  >n  to  the  right  primitive  carotid 
.- 1 1 1 •  1  to  the  Bubolavian.  It  arisea  from  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  ascenda  obliquely 
to  the  right,  along  the  traefaea;  and  after  a  course 
of  about  an  inch  in  length,  divides  into  two  trunks, 
which  go  off  at  right  angle*.  The  one  is  exter- 
na/—  the  right  embelavian  ]>r*,j,>  r  ;  the  other  eu- 
—  the  primitive  carotid,  of  the  same  side. 

Inn    Mi\vr\    CaRTILAGO,  Cricoid. 

[anoxia  at  a  Cav'itas.  A  cavity  of  the  outer 
ear,  b  itween  the  helix  and  authelix. 

Isvi'.nv  v  i  rvi  Fora'me*.  A  foramen,  near  the 
middle  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  para  petrosa 

of  the  temporal  hone,  leading  backwards  fur  the 

■  of  the  Vidian  nerve,  reflected  from  the  2d 

branch  of  the  ath  to  the  portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 

btaoviHATA    FOSSA,  see  Fossa  —  i.  Linea,  see 

\nea  Linea. 
[NlfOMINATI   seu  Anovymi   Xki:vi.      Some  ana- 
-  have  thus  called  the  nerves  of  the  fifth 
pair. 

Inv  >Miv\Tr\r  Os,  Q<  C  seu  Coxes  seu 

anon'ymnm  seu  pelvie  bitern'le,  (F.)  0*  innomiuS, 
(/,  0*  anonyme.  A  very  large,  flat  bone, 
which  forms  the  anterior  and  lateral  paries  of 
the  pelvis.  It  is  curved  upon  itself  in  two  op- 
Irrections.  In  the  first  periods  of  life,  it 
is  composed  of  three  portions:  —  the  ilium,  ischi- 
um, and  pnbie,  which  join  each  other  in  the  ace- 
tabulum. It  is  'articulated  before  with  its  fellow, 
—  behind  with  the  sacrum;  and  laterally  with 
the  femur. 

[iVNOMIXATA  Mivo'ha  Ossa,  Lester  Ossa  in- 
nominata, Oseic'ula  innomina'ta.  Some  anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  the  three  cuneiform 
bones  of  the  tarsus, 

[mrOMINATA      OssiCULA,     Innominata    minora 
-i.  Tunica  Oculi,  Sclerotic. 
'iisu'.K  Vr.vr.  ok  VlEUSSBlfS.    Yieussens 
has  given  this  name  to  two  or  three  reins,  which 
a  the  anterior  surface  and  right  margin  of 
irt,  and   open  into   the   auricle   towards   its 
margin.     The  term  Vkv.k    I  s\  ominat.k  of 
i.    i-   given    to   the   brachiocephalic   veins. 
whieh  are  generally  included  in  the  description 
of  the   subclavian    vein,   and   correspond   to    the 
arteria  innominata,  being  formed  by  the  union 
of  the   internal    iu>_rii1ar  vein   and   the   subclavian 
properly  so  called,  wbich  eorresp  >nd  to  the  com- 
mon  carotid  and  subclavian  arl 
[NNOMINATUS,  Anonymous. 
INN1   fRITIO  0S8IUM,  Rachitis. 
[NOCULABLE.    Same  etymon  aa  the   next. 
r  ipablo  of  inoculation,  or  of  being  communicated 
by  inoculation. 

IN0C1  I.  \   riON,/»ocH^rio,Jn#»«"to,  Tn$it"io 

variola' rum,  from   inoeulare,  (in,  and  oculne,  'an 

Any   operation    by    which 

imple,  may  be   artificially  eom- 

munioated,  by  introducing  tin-  virus  of  the  parti- 

into  the  economy,  by  means  of  a 

puncture  or  scratch  made  in  the  skin.      When  the 

inoculation  is  used  alone,  it  usually  meant 
mall-pox, —  Variola'tion.      See 
liliaation. 
•s      tJLATIOW,  ('»wpox,  Vaccinsition — i.  Jenne- 
rian.  Vaccination. 

[N0(  "II.  \  I  'OR,  same  etymon.  In'si(ar.  One 
who  practices  inoculation. 

DULAR  TISSUE,  tee  Tissue,  (nodular. 
MODULE,  Tissue,  modular. 


INOHYLOM  \.  Tumour,  fibrous. 
LNOIIYMENI'TIS :  from«,geo.t»*fc'aJ 

'vptiv,  «a  membrane,'  and  itiv,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Infiamma'tio  ttlce JiOro'fcE.  Inflammu- 
tion  of  the  fibrous  tissue. 

I  V|  >M  A.  Tumour,  fibrous. 

tNONCTfON,  Inunction. 

INOPOLYPUS,  Bee  Polypus. 

[NO  l'»  <i  A  X  '  [C,  fnorgan'ieue,  Unorganized, 
(F.)  Inorganiqne ;  from  is,  'negation,'  and  »r- 
t/'tiuim,  'an  organ.'  A  term  applied  to  bodiea 
which  have  no  organs; —  such  as  minerals.  At 
the  present  day,  naturalists  admit  of  but  two 
f  bodies,  —  the  organized  and  inorganic 
Farts  of  the  body  which,  like  the  epidero 
devoid  of  blood-vessels  and  nerves,  have  been 
called  anorganic. 

[NOSCLERO'MA,  from  is,  gen.  ivos,  'a  fibre,' 
and  o>;)*>jpo>na,  'induration.'  Induration  of  tho 
fibrous  tissue. 

[NOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis. 

I  NOSIS,   llyperinosis. 

IN'OSITE,  In'onit,  31  uncle  sugar  ;  from  i$.  jvoj, 
'a  fibre.'  An  unfermentable  sugar,  found  ouly  in 
the  juice  of  the  cardiac  muscle. — Lebmann. 

[NOSTE  VTO'MA,  from  if,  tvoi,  'a  fibre,'  and 
steatoma.  A  tumour  of  a  mixed  fibrous  and  stea- 
tomatOUS  character. 

INQUIES,  Inquietude. 

INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude. 

INQUFETUDE,  Tnquietu'do,  Iu'quic*,  Tnquie- 
ta'tio,  Jactita'tio,  from   fa,  'negation,'  and  qnieet 
Agitation  or  trouble,  caused  by  indispo- 
sition.    Restlessni    • 

[NQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm. 

IXQUISITIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-legal. 

[NSALIVA'TION,  Tnealiva'tio,  from  in,  and 
aativa.  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  the  saliva, 
and  other  secretions  of  the  mouth. 

IXSALU'BKIOUS,  iawtfe'eVf*,  Noee'roe,  Na- 
sn'ilcs.  That  which  is  unhealthy, — which  injures 
the  health. 

[NSANABILIS,  Incurable. 

INSANE,  Insa'nus ;  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
saints,  'sound;'  Aliena'tns,  Crazy,  Mad,  iVotl- 
saue.  Demented,  Deranged,  Bedlamite,  (Sc)  Daft, 
Wod,  (P.)  AlienS,  Fou,  Tuventi.  One  affected 
with  mental  aberration,  or  of  unsound  mind. 

INSANIA,  .Mania — i.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — i.  Lu- 
pina.  Lyoanthropia — i.  Puerperarum.  Mania,  puer- 
peral. 

INSANITAS,  Insanity. 

INSAN'ITY,  Inea'nia,  Insan'itas.  Same  ety- 
mon. Mental  aliena'tion,  Abaliena'tio  seu  Alie- 
natio  Moitis,  Arrep'tio,  Unsound  Mind,  De 
range' ment,  Deranged  i)ti<ll<<t,  Cra'zinee*,  (So.) 
Dajffin,  Dajfing,  Wodneej  Aphram'yni,  Ecphro'- 
iiin,  Eephroe'yne,  Paral'lage",  ParnlUnx'ie, 
Delir'ia,  Veta'nict,  Delirium  (Criehtonj.  fnei- 
pien'tia,  (P.)  Folie,  Egaremeut  tPEeprit,  Para- 
phrfnie.  This  term  includes  all  the  varb 
unsound  mind. —  Mania.  Melancholia,  Moral  In- 
sanity,  Dementia,    and    Idiocy.       A    .-light    degree 

of  insanity   is   sometimes   popularly   called   "  <i 

kink  in  (In:  head/'  in  Scotland,  "  a  bee  in  (he 
bonnet.'' 

[H8ABTTT,  Homicidal,  see  Homicidal— d.  loco- 

berent,    Dementia  —  i.    Moral,    Pathomania  —  i. 

Puerperal,  Mania,  puerperal  —  i.  Religious,  Bebas- 

tomania— i.  Senile,  Delirium  senile — i.  Suicidal, 

cide. 

INS  kNUS,  Insane. 

INSCRIPTION,  see  Matriculate. 
[NSCRIPTIO'NES   TENDIN'EAS    MUSCU- 
LO'RUM,   Tntereectio'ne*  sea   Enervatio' nee    ten- 
;  din'eaz  wiwii/o'rHBi,  Tntermc'dia  l)i/>tni>  ntn'lia  seu 

linous    portions    which     cross 


INSEMINATION 


502 


INSTINCTIVE 


several  muscles,  and  especially  the  straight  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

INSEMINATION,  see  Ejaculation. 

INSENESOENTIA,  Agerasia. 

JNSENSE,  Insana. 

INSENSIBIL'ITY,  Anv.sthe'sin.  Insensibili- 
tas.  Loss  or  absence  of  sensibility.  It  is  very 
roraruou  in  cerebral  affections,  and  may  extend 
to  every  part,  or  be  limited  to  one  or  more. 
Some  organs  are  much  more  sensible  than  others. 
The  bones,  cartilages,  ligaments,  Ac,  are  insen- 
sible in  health,  but  acutely  sensible  in  disease. 

INSEN'SIBLE,  Sensibilitn'te  parens.  That 
which  is  devoid  of  sensibility.  This  word  is  ap- 
plied, also,  to  phenomena  which  cease  to  be  ap- 
preciable to  the  senses.  Thus,  we  say,  the  pulse 
becomes  insensible. 

INSER'TION,  Inser'tio.  Symphysis,  Eno'sis, 
from  inserere,  insertnm,  (in,  and  severe,  *  to  join 
or  knit.')  'to  ingraft.'  (F.)  Attache.  The  at- 
tachment of  one  part  to  another.  Insertions 
occur  chiefly  on  bones,  cartilages,  and  fibrous 
organs:  thus,  we  speak  of  the  insertion  of  mus- 
cular fibres  into  a  tendon  or  aponeurosis  ;  the  in- 
sertion of  a  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  ligament,  into 
a  cartilage  or  bone.  The  word  insertion  has  like- 
wise been  used  by  pathologists  for  the  act  of  in-  j 
oculating  or  introducing  a  virus  into  the  body. 

INSES'SIO,  from  insidere,  insessnm,  (in,  and 
sedere.)  'to  sit  in.'  This  term  is,  sometimes, 
applied  to  a  vapour  bath,  the  person  h^ing  seated 
in  a  perforated  chair,  beneath  which  a  vessel, 
filled  with  hot  water,  or  the  hot  decoction  of  some 
plant,  is  placed.     See  Semicupium. 

INSESSUS,  Bath,  half. 

INSICTUM,  Isicium. 

INSIDEN'TIA,  Epis'tasis.  Any  thing  which 
swims  on  or  in  —  the  urine,  for  example.  It  is 
opposed  to  the  Hifpos'tasis  or  subsiden'tia. 

INSTPTENTIA,  Insanity. 

INSITIO,  Inoculation — i.  Ciliorum.  Riepharo- 
nlastice  —  i.  Dent's,  Transplantatio  Dentis  —  i. 
Variolarum,  Inoculation. 

INSOLA'TION,  Tnsola'tio,  from  in,  and  sol, 
the  sun  :'  Aprica'tio,  ffelio'sis,  Heli'asis,  Helio- 
10'sis,  S>'riyasi*.  Exposure  to  the  sun.  Exposure 
of  a  patient  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  is,  sometimes, 
bad  recourse  to,  with  the  view  of  rousing  the 
vital  forces  when  languishing,  or  of  producing 
irritation  of  the  skin.  Insolation  is  occasionally 
used  in  the  same  sense  as  coup  de  soleil. 

In  Pharmacy,  insolation  means  the  drying  of 
chemical  and  pharmaceutical  substances. 

INSOLAZIONE  BE  PRIMIVERA,  Pel- 
lagra. 

INSOM'NTA.  Insom'nitas,  Sahara,  Zaara, 
P*rriqiV htm,  Pernoeta'tio,  Ajjp'nia.  Agryp'nia, 
Ahjip'nia,  Anyp'nia,  Ti/phorna'nia,  Sleep' lessness, 
Viq"  dance,  from  in,  'negation.'  and  snmnns, 
* sleep,'  '  absence  of  sleep.'  This  may  exist  alone, 
and  constitute  a  true  disease;  or  it  may  be  con- 
nected with  another  affection.  It  is  an  unequi- 
vocal sian  of  suffering  in  some  organ ;  even  when 
the  patient  experiences  no  pain. 

INSOMNTUM,  Somnium. 

INSPECTIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-local. 

TNNPTRA  TETTR,  Inspiratory. 

INSPIRATION,  Inspira'tio,  Empnenmato'sis. 
JEisp'noe,  Adspira'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from  ?*»,  '  in,' 
sind  spiro.  'I  breathe.'  The  action  by  which  the 
air  penetrates  into  the  interior  of  the  lungs.  A 
movement  opposed  to  that  of  expiration.  As  re- 
gards the  average  quantity  of  air  received  into 
the  lungs  at  each  inspiration,  there  is  much  dis- 
crepancy amongst  observers.  The  following  table 
sufficiently  exhibits  this:  — 


Till  io  inches  nt 
eack  inspiratiqp. 
Reil 42  to  100 


Menzies, 

Sauvages, 

Hales, 

Haller, 

Ellis, 

Sprengel, 

Sb'mmering, 

Thomson, 

Bostock, 

Jurin , 


-10 


10  to 


Fontana 35 

Richerand 30  to  40 

Dalton 30 

Jeffreys 26 

Herbat 21  to  34 

Herholdt 20  to  29 

Jurine  and  Coathupe 20 

Allen  and  Pepvs 1»>V 

J.  Borelli '. 15  to  40 

Goodwvn 14 

Sir  H.'Davy 13  to  17 

Abernethy  and  Mojon  12 

Keutsch 6  to  12 

Inspiration  of  Venous  Blood.  By  this  is 
meant  the  aspiration  of  blood  towards  the  heart, 
occasioned  by  the  approach  to  a  vacuum  pro- 
duced by  the  dilatation  of  the  thorax  during  in- 
spiration. 

INSPIRATORY.  Same  etymon.  Jnspiru- 
tio'ni  inser'viens,  (F.)  Tnspiratenr,  A  name  given 
to  muscles,  which,  by  their  contraction,  augment 
the  size  of  the  chest,  and  thus  produce  inspira- 
tion. The  diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles 
are  the  chief  agents  of  inspiration.  In  cases 
where  deep  inspirations  are  necessary,  the  action 
of  these  muscles  is  aided  by  the  contraction  of 
the  pectoralis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  subcla- 
ims, serratus  major  anticus,  scaleni,  serratns  pos- 
ticus superior,  &c.  Most  of  these  muscles  be- 
come inspiratory,  by  taking  their  fixed  point  at 
the  part  which  they  ordinarily  move,  and  ele- 
vating the  ribs. 

INSPIS'SANT,  Tnspis'sans.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.  Any  remedial  agent,  that  renders  the 
blood  thicker,  directly,  or  indirectly.  The  oppo- 
site to  diluent. 

INSPISSA'TIO,  Pycno'sis,  from  in,  and  apis- 
tare,  spissatum,  'to  thicken.'  The  act  of  render- 
in?  thick;  as  in  the  formation  of  an  extract  — 
Mucus  Inspissa'tns. 

INSTEP,  Collum  pedis,  Neck-of-the-foot,  (F.) 
Covde-pied,  Cou-de-pied.  The  projection  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  foot,  near  its  articulation  with 
the  le°r — the  tarsus. 

INSTILLATIO.  Instillation. 

INSTILLA'TION,  Emtalax'is,  TnstiUa'tm, 
from  in,  'into,'  and  stilla,  '  a  drop/  The  act  of 
pouring  a  liquid  drop  by  drop. 

INSTINCT,  (L.)  Instinc'tus,  (in,  and  stingvo, 
stinetum,  'to  sting,')  'inwardly  moved.'  Dm' tin, 
Horme.  The  action  of  the  living  principle,  when- 
ever manifestly  directing  its  operations  to  the 
health,  preservation,  or  reproduction  of  a  living 
frame  or  any  part  of  such  frame  —  Midi' men 
natu'ree  saluta'rium.  The  law  of  instinct  is, 
consequently,  the  law  of  the  living  principle, 
and  instinctive  actions  are  the  actions  of  the 
living  principl-e.  Instinct  is  natural.  Reason  is 
acquired. 

INSTINCTIVE,  Instinc'tus.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  or  caused  by  instinct;  as  instinctive 
actions.  See  Emotional.  Those  instinctive  ac- 
tions of  animals  which  are  owing  to  impressions 
made  on  the  sensory  ganglia,  exciting  respondent 
motor  influences  that  are  propagated  to  the  va- 
rious muscles  of  the  body,  are  termed  consen'sual. 


INSTITUTES   OF   MEDICINE 


IN  T  ERC  OS T  A L 


raal  movements  which  accompany  volun- 
tary efl  irts  without  our  consciousness  arc  termed 

:  I  li  TBS  OF  MEDICINE,  wc  Theory 
of  medicine. 

I  1  ITTT.M  ORTHOP.SDICUM,  Ortho- 
pedic  institution. 

i  \  STRUMENT,  Instrumen'tsm,  Oi'ynnum.  A 
tool,  an  agent. 

rNSTRUMENTA.  Pudibilia. 
[NSTRUMEN'TUM    CHIRUR'GICUM.      A 
surgical  too]  or  instrument 

I.SM'IM   MK\  II   M       iMt.l.STIONIS.         The     dig 

apparatus. 

[USTRI  HI  S    i  M    IXSTRVKBVTOBOir,  Manns. 

[NSUFFIC'IENCY,  1K.1  Insuffisancv;  from 
in,  and  sufficient.  Inadequateness  to  any  end  or 
purpose,  ntffieiencu  of  tin    valve*  of  the 

V.)  Insuffisance  dee  valvules  du  ('<iur;  —  a 
condition  in  which  they  are  nol  adapted,  as  in 
health,  to  properly  close  the  apertures. 

INSI  f-'F/S. I M  'E,  Insufficiency. 

INSUFFISANCE  DBS  VALVULES  1"' 
CCEUR,  [nsufficienoy  of  the  valves  of  the  heart. 

INSUFFLATION,  Invuffia'tio,  from  in,  tub, 
and  flare,  'to  blow.'  The  act  of  blowing  a  gas 
or  vapour  into  some  cavity  of  the  body;  as  when 
toke  is  injected  into  the  rectum;  or 
when  air  is  blown  into  the  mouths  of  new-born 
children  to  excite  the  respiratory  functions. 

[N8UL  \.  Insula  cerebri. 

I\'-i  i  v  Cer'bbri,  Island  or  Tv'sula  of  Reil. 
The  intermediate  lobe  of  the  brain,  Lobus  iuter- 
me'dius  eer'ebri.  A  remarkable  group  of  oonvolu- 
ritbin  the  fi-sure  of  Sylvius.  It  is  called, 
by  Cruveilhier,  Lobule  of  the  Fismtre  of  Sylvia*, 
Lobule  of  the  corpus  striatum.  The  'island'  of 
Reil,  with  the  substantia  perforata,  forms  the 
I    the  corpus  striatum. 

[N8ULA  S  \\<.n\i<.  see  Blood. 

LJS,  Maculae  albae  — i.  Pulmonales,  see 
Pnlmo. 

[NSULTUS,  Attack.  Paroxysm. 

INSURANCE  OF  LIFE,  see  Life  Insurance. 

IV  CEOR1  I  \-.  Sanitas,  Virginity. 

IN  rEG'UMENT,  Jntegnmen'tum,  Tetjumen'- 
tui/i,  '/'<</' 'inn  a,  7>  ■/' iiiiru,  Tegmen,  Fnvnlu'crum 
sen  Velamen'tum  corp'oris  entntnu'ne ;  Vela' men 
lamentnm  nati'vum,  from  in,  and  tegere, 
tectum,  'to  cover.'  (F.)  Tigument,  Any  thing 
which  serves  to  cover,  to  envelop.  The  skin,  in- 
cluding the  cuticle,  rete  mucosum,  and  cutis  vera. 
is  the  common  integument  <>r  tegument  of  the  body. 

INTEGUMEN'TA    F03TUS.     Membranes  of 
'as. 

INTEGUMENTUM,  Integument  —  i.  Com- 
mune, Integument 

INTELLECT,  Intellec'tus,  Nous,  Minx,  Onomi, 

Voe'eie,  Syn'esis,  from   intelligere,  in- 

■i.     (inter,      'between,'     and      legere,      '  to 

'to    understand,'   'conceive,'    'know.' 
'I        Entcndement,    Intelligence.     The   aggregate 
of  the   intellectual  faculties  —  perception,  forma- 
•  ideas,  memory,  and  judgment* 

LECT,   DERANGED,   I  ii.-anity. 

INTELLIGENCE,  Intellect 
INTEM'PERANCE,  Intemperan'tia  ;  Tmmode- 
.  Immodera'tio,  Acra'sia,  Acola'sia, 
moil.',  Ani't'riii.  Aples'tia,    from    fa,  'negation,1 
■ .  'to  temper.'     [mraoder  ite  ase  of 
food  and  drink,  especially  the  latter; — a  fruitful 
i 

rNTEMPER'IES.    Same  etymon.    Dyvera'eia, 
i  sment  in  the  constitution   of  the   atmo- 
i]  and  6f  the  seasons ;  bad  constitution  ;  de- 

rangement or  disorder  in    the   humours,   of  the 
l 

INTENSIVUS,  Eotati 

l.\  CEN'TION,  Inten'tio,  from  in,  and  tendere, 


tensum  sen  feeftim,  'to  stretch.'  Propositus*. 
The  object  which  one  proposes.  In  "im/' i  i/,  ,\ 
wound  is  said  to  heal  by  the  first  intention,  hit  »'- 
ate  per  priman  intentio'nem,  when  cicatrisation 
occurs  without  suppuration  :  union  by  fie  second 
intention,  Reu'nio  per  stews' dam  intentio'nem, 
being  that  which  does  not  occur  until  the  surfaces 
ippurated.     To  obtain  union  by  the  first 

intention,  the  edges  of  a  recent  wound  must  he 
brought  in  apposition  and  kept  together  by  means 
of  adhesive  plasters  and  a  proper  bandage.  Del- 
peefa  lias  substituted  for  those  expressions,  AV- 
uui'iii  primitive,  and  Reunion  seeondaire. 

INTERANEA,  Entrails. 

ENTER  IRTIC'l  LAR.  Interarticula'ris;  from 
int,  r,  ' between,' and  articulus,  'a  joint'  Parts 
situate  between  the  articulations  are  BO  called  ; 
as  interarticular  cartilages,  interurticular  liga- 
ment-;, Ac 

INTERCA'DENCE,  Intereaden'tia,  Interci- 
den'tia,  from  inter,  'between*'  and  cadere,  'to 
fall.'  Disorder  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  BO  that, 
every  now  and  then,  a  supernumerary  pulsation 
occurs.  The  pulse,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be 
intercurrent, 

I  NTER'CA  LA  RY,  Tntercala'ris,  Inter1  cidi  ns, 
from  int'  rcalare,  '  to  insert.'  Embol'imos,  Inter- 
pola'tus,  Provocato'rius.  The  days  which  occur 
between  those  that  are  critical.  The  term  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  the  days  of  apyrexia  in  in- 
termittent fevers. 

INTERCELL'ULAR,  InterceUula'ris,  (F.)  Iu- 
tercellnlaire ;  from  inter,  ' between/  and  cellula, 
'a  small  cell,  a  cellule.'  That  which  is  between 
cells  or  cellules. 

Intercellular  Fluid,  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Intercel'lular  Passages.  A  term  given  by 
Mr.  Rainey  to  irregular  passages  through  the 
substance  of  the  lung,  which  form  the  termina- 
tions of  the  bronchial  tubes,  are  clustered  with 
air-cells,  and  not  lined  by  mucous  membrane. 

Intercellular  Scbstahcb,  see  Cytoblastema. 

INTERCEPTIO,  from  inter,  'between/  and 
eapt  >,  'to  take.'  A  bandage,  by  the  aid  id" 
which  the  ancients  proposed  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  material  cause  of  gout  and  rheu- 
matism :  and  which  consisted  in  covering  the 
affected  limbs  with  carded  wool ;  surrounding 
them,  afterwards,  with  broad  bandages,  applied 
from  the  lingers  to  the  axilla,  or  from  the  toes 
to  the  groin. 

Intercept™  Intes-tin'ori-m,  Ileus. 

INTERCERVICAUX,  Interspinals  colli. 

INTERCIDENS,  Intercalary. 

INTERCIDENTIA,  Intercadence. 

[NTERCILIUM,  Meeophryon. 

I  X  T  E  R  C  L  AV  I  CI' LAR.  Interclavicula'ris, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  clavicula,  'a  clavicle.' 
That  which  is  placed  between  the  clavicles. 

Interclavicular  Lig'ambni  is  a  Bbroua  bun- 
dle, placed  transversely  above  the  extremity  of 
the  sternum,  between  the  heads  of  the  two  clavi- 
cles.  This  ligament  is  flat.  Its  fibres,  which 
aii'  always  longer  above  than  below,  are  sepa- 
rated by  small  apertures,  which  are  traversed  by 
vessels.  It  prevents  the  separation  of  the  two 
clavicles  in  the  forced  depression  of  the  shoulder* 

INTERCOSTAL,  Inter costa' lis,  from  inter, 
'between.' ami  cost  a,  'a  rib.'  Mesoplevfrvs,  .'/<  - 
SopUu'rius.  That  which  is  situate  between  the 
ribs.     (F.)  Sous-costal. 

I  \t  i  :R(  osi  \i.  Ak'tiiiiks  vary  in  number.  There 
is  constantly,  however,  a  tupe'rior,  Arte'ria,  In- 
tercosta'lis  tupe'rior  sen  Intercosta'lis  subcla'via, 
which  is  given  <>fl"  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
subclavian,  and  which  semis  branches  into  the 
i i r - 1  two  or  three  intercostal  spaces;  and.  gene- 
rally, eight  or  nine  inferior  or  aortic  intercostal*. 
These  arise  from  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 


INTERCOSTO-IIUMERAL  NERVES      504 


INTERMITTENT 


of  the  pectoral  aorta,  and  ascend  obliquely  in 
front  of  the  vertebral  column,  to  gain  the  inter- 
costal spaces,  where  they  divide  into  a  dorsal 
branch  and  an  intercostal,  properly  so  called. 

INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES  are  distinguished  into 
internal, —  i uter-plevrocostaux  of  Dumas,  —  and 
externa/.  The  former  are  inserted  into  the  inner 
lip,  the  latter  into  the  outer  lip  of  the  edge  of  the 
ribs.  The  fibres  of  the  external  intercoatah  are 
directed  obliquely  downwards  and  forwards;  and 
ttiose  of  the  internal  downwards  and  backwards. 
Both  are  inspiratory  or  expiratory  muscles,  ac- 
cording as  they  take  their  origin  on  the  upper  or 
lower  rib.  Some  small,  fleshy  fibres,  seen  occa- 
sionally at  the  inner  surface  of  the  thorax,  de- 
scending obliquely  from  one  rib  to  another,  have 
been  called  Infracostales. 

Intercostal  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

Intercostal  Neryes,  Branches  somcostales 
(Ch.),  Costal  or  Dorsal  nerves,  proceed  from  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  dursal  nerves.  They 
are  twelve  in  number,  and  are  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  muscles  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest 
and  abdomen. 

Intercostal  Space,  Interral'lum  seu  Inter- 
stit"ium  intercosta'/e,  3Iesopleu'rum,  Jfesopleu'- 
rium,  is  the  interval  which  separates  one  rib  from 
that  immediately  above  or  below  it. 

Intercostal  Veins  are  distinguished  like  the 
arteries.  The  riyht  superior  intercostal  vein  is 
often  wanting.  When  it  exists,  it  opens  into  the 
back  part  of  the  subclavian.  The  same  vein  of 
the  left  side  is  very  large.  It  communicates  with 
the  deini-azygos,  receives  the  left  bronchial  vein, 
and  opens  into  the  corresponding  subclavian.  The 
right  inferior  intercostal  veins  open  into  the  vena 
azvgos;  and  those  of  the  left  into  the  demiazygos. 

IXTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL  NERVES.  So 
called  from  their  origin  and  distribution.  They 
are  the  cutaneous  branches  of  the  second  and 
third  intercostal  nerves. 

INTERCURRENT,  Jntercnr'rens,  from  inter, 
'between/  and  currere,  'to  run.'  Diseases  are 
so  called  which  supervene  at  different  seasons  of 
the  year,  or  which  cannot  be  considered  as  be- 
longing to  any  particular  season.  —  Sydenham. 
A  disease  is  likewise  so  termed  which  occurs  in 
the  course  of  another  disease,  as  Intercurrent 
1' Hemitonia. 

INTERCUTANEOUS,  Subcutaneous. 

INTERDEN'TItJM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  The  interval  between 
teeth  of  the  same  order. — Linden. 

INTER  DIGIT  AIRE.  Interdigital. 

IXTERDIG"ITAL,  Interdigita'lis,  (F.)  Inter- 
digitaire ;  from  inter,  ' between/  and  digitus,  'a 
finger.'  That  which  relates  to  the  spaces  be- 
tween the  fingers.  Interdigital  space,  (F.)  Es- 
pnce  interdigitaire,  is  used,  also,  for  the  commis- 
sure between  the*  fingers. 

INTERDIGIT"IUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  last. 
A  corn  or  wart,  which  grows  between  the  fingers 
and  toes,  especially  between  the  latter. — Pliny. 

INTEREPIXEUX  CERVICAUX,  Interspi- 
nales  colli. 

IXTERFEM1XEUM.  Perinaaum,  Vulva. 

INTERFINIUM  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

IXTERFCEMIX'EUM,  {inter,  <  between,'  and 
femen,  feminis,  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh,) 
Perina?um,  Vulva. 

IXTERFORAMINEUM,  Perinseum. 

I  N  T  E  R  G  A  X  GLION'IC,  Interganglion'ieus, 
from  inter,  '  between,'  and  ganglion,  'a  knot.'  An 
eiithet  for  nervous  cords,  placed  between  gan- 
glia, which  they  connect  together. 

INTERITUS,  Death. 

WTERLO'B\njnterloba'ris,CF.)Interlobaire, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  lobus,  'a  lobe.'  That 
•which  is  between  lobes, — as  of  the  lungs. 


INTERLOBULAR.  Interlobula'ris,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  lobnlus,  'a  small  lobe.'  That 
which  is  between  lobules, — as  of  the  lungs. 

Interlobular  Fissures.  The  intervals  be- 
tween the  lobules  of  the  liver.  The  narrower 
spaces  are  called  Fissu'rce  interlobida'res,lhe  w  ider 
spa'tia  inter'lobnla' res. — Kolliker.      See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Plexus  of  the  Biliary  Ducts. 
See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Spaces.  The  angular  inter- 
stices formed  in  the  liver  by  the  apposition  of 
several  lobules. 

Interlobular  Tissue,  Textum  interlobula're, 
Ligamen'ta  iuterlobula'ria  pulmo'num.  The  cel- 
lular tissue  between  the  pulmonary  lobules. 

Interlobular  Veins,  see  Liver. 

INTERMAXILLARY,  Interviaxilla'ris,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  That 
which  is  situate  between  the  maxillary  bones. 

Intermaxillary  Bone,  Inci'sive,  Pal'atine,  or 
labial  bone,  is  a  bony  portion,  wedged  in  between 
the  two  superior  maxillary  bones,  which  supports 
the  upper  incisors.  This  bone  is  found  in  the 
mammalia;  and,  also,  in  the  human  foetus. 

IXTERMEDE,  Excipient. 

INTERMEDIA  LIGAMENTALIA  seu  NER- 
VEA,  Inscriptiones  tendinese  musculorum. 

INTERMEDIATE  DE  WRISBERG,  Por- 
tio  Wrisbergii. 

INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM, 
Capillary  system. 

INTERMENT,  PREMATURE,  Zoothapsis. 

INTERMIS'SIGN,  Interims' sio,  Dialeip'sis, 
Dialip'sis,  Tempua  intercala're,  Interval' lutn,  from 
inter,  '  between,' and  mittere,  missum,  'to  put  or 
send.'  (F.)  Intermittence.  The  interval  which 
occurs  between  two  paroxysms  of  an  intermittent 
or  other  disease — during  which  the  patient  is  al- 
most in  his  natural  state.  There  is  said  to  be 
intermission  of  the  pulse,  when,  in  a  given  num- 
ber of  pulsations,  one  or  more  may  be  wanting. 

IN TERMITTEXCE,  Intermission. 

INTERMIT'TENT,  Intermit'tens.  Same  ety- 
mon.    That  which  has  intermissions. 

Intermittent  Fever,  Febris  intermit'tens,  Di- 
aleip'yra,  Intermittens,  Au'etus,  Pi/retoti/po'sis, 
Ague,  Ague  and  Fever,  Fever  and  Ague,  Palu'dal 
or  Period' ic  Fever,  (Prov.)  Ayah,  Cold-chill, 
Shaking,  Shakes,  (Old  Eng.)  Aksis,  Auggere,Axes, 
(F.)  Fievre  intermitte.nte,  F.  d'Acces,  F.  des  ma- 
rais,  F.  Periodique,  is  a  fever  consisting  of  pa- 
roxysms, with  a  complete  state  of  apyrexia  in  the 
intervals.  The  chief  types  are  the  Quotidian, 
Tertian,  and  Quartan.  The  symptoms  of  inter- 
mittents  are  those  of  a  decided  and  completely 
marked  cold  stage  :  (F.)  Stade  defroid,  attended 
with  paleness;  collapse:  impaired  sensibility;  and 
coldness,  more  or  less  diffused,  followed  by  gene- 
ral rigors.  After  this  occurs  the  hot  stage  .-  Stade 
de  la  Chaleur,  the  heat  returning  partially  and 
irregularly,  and  at  length  becoming  universal, 
and  much  above  the  standard  of  health.  The 
pulse  is  now  hard  and  strong ;  tongue  white ; 
urine  high-coloured;  thirst  considerable.  At 
length,  the  sweating  stage,  (F.)  Stade  de  Sueur, 
makes  its  appearance  ;  the  moisture  usually  be- 
ginning on  the  forehead,  face,  and  neck,  and  soon 
extending  universally  ;  the  heat  abating  ;  thirst 
ceasing  ;  the  urine  throwing  down  a  sediment, 
and  the  functions  being  gradually  restored  to 
their  wonted  state.  The  tertian  type  is  the  most 
common,  and  the  quartan  the  most  severe.  The 
quotidian  more  readily  changes  into  a  remittent 
and  continued  fever.  The  quartan  has,  generally, 
the  longest  cold  stage,  the  tertian  the  longest  hot. 
The  chief  exciting  cause  is  marsh  miasmata. 
Ague,  also,  occur?  in  districts  where  there  are  no 
marshy   emanations.      Such  districts  are,  gene- 


IN  TEH  Ml"  SCULAR 


505 


I N  T  E 11  S  C  A  r  U  L  A  R 


rally,  of  a  volcanic  nature:  further  we  know  not 
When  the  disease  has  once  attacked  an  individual, 
it  u  apt  t«i  recur.  The  pragnoeie  is,  in  general, 
favourable,  as  i'nr  :b  regards  life;  but  longpro- 
tracted  intermittent-  are  »pt  to  induce  visceral 
obstructions,  and  engorgements,  which  may  end 
in  dropsy,  [n  some  countries,  the  disease  is  of 
a  very  pernicious  character.  The  indications  ol 
treatment  arc  1.  To  abate  the  violence  of  the 
paroxysm;  and,  2.  To  prevent  it-  return.  The 
tir>t  indication  demands  the  adoption  of  th< 
ral  principles  and  remedies  required  in  ordinary 
fever.  I  is  the  most  important.     The 

period  ofapyrexia  is  that  for  action.  The  means 
fur  fulfilling  this  indication  are:  —  the  use  of 
emetics,  purgatives,  cinchona,  qoinia,  Ac,  arsenic, 
and  forcible  impressions  made  on  the  mind  of  the 

patient. 

INTERMUS'CUL  \\\.    Tntermtuenla'rie,  from 

between/  and  mneealue,  '  a  muscle.'    That 
which  i-  placed  between  muscles. 

ISTBRMOBCULAB  APONEUBo'SBS  are  aponeu- 
rotic lamina'  or  septa,  situate  between  muscles, 
to  which  they  often  give  attachment. 

IN  I'KU'NAL.  Tnmnr,  Inter1  nn*.  That  which  is 
.  on  the  inside.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
parts  that  look  towards  an  imaginary  central 
plane,  which  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  portions,  as  well  as  to  those  which 
correspond  with  a  cavity.  Thus,  we  .-ay — the  in- 
ternal or  inner  surface  of  the  arm  or  thigk,  shall, 
Ac. 

Intkknat.  Diss  ISES,  Morbi  inter'ni,  are  those 

which  occupy  the  inner  parts  of  the  body.    Their 

.ration  belongs  to  the  physician  :  external 

-    falling   under  the  management    of    the 

Burgeon. 

INTERNA  T.    The  post  orofiea  of  an  intern*.  , 
INTERNE,  Bee  House-Surgeon. 
INTERNODIA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
of  the  Gngers  —  i.  Digitomm  pedis,  Pha- 
langes of  th( 

INTERNO'DIUM,  from  fitter,  'between/ and 
nmdrn,  'a  knot.'  The  part  of  the  fingers  between 
the  joints.      A  phalanx. 

ENTERNUN'CIAL,  TnUrntincia'lie,kom  inter, 
'between,'  andnaacMM,  'a  messenger/  Relating 
or  belonging  to  a  messenger  between  parties.  A 
term  applied  by  Mr.  Hunter  to  the  functions  of 
the  nervous  ivsb  m. 

INTERN U NTH   DIES,  Critieal  days. 
INTERNUS  A  I'ltlS,  Tensor  tympani— i.  Mal- 
lei. Tensor  tympanL 

INTERROS'SEOUS,  Tnteroe'eena.    Tbatwhioh 
i<  situate    between   the  hones:    from    inter,   'be- 
.    and  os,  '  a  bone/ 

IhTBB088B0U8  Ab'tBRIB8  OF  THE  FOBBARM 
AND  Hand.  Of  these  there  are  several.  'J he 
common  interoeeeont  artery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  ulnar,  a  little  below  the  bicipital 
tuberosity  of  the  radius:  passes  backwards  and 
divides  into  two  branch,-:  the  one  called  ante- 
rior interoeeeont  descends  vertically,  anterior  to 
the  interosseous  ligament  ;  the  other,  called  pos- 
terior   inter*  >ove    the  ligament, 

■-  at  its  posterior  part  and  divides  into  two 
great  branches,  —  the  posterior  recurrent  radial 
and  the  poeterior  interoeeenne,  properly  so  called. 
In  the  hand. —  1.  The  doreal  metacarpal 

riven  off  by  the  doreali*  carpi, 
■  division  of  thfl  radial  artery.  2.  'I  he  palmar 
interoeeeon*  arteriee,   which   arise  from  the  oon- 

p  palmar  arch,  and  give  off  the 
middle  interoeeeone  arteriee.  3.  The  doreal  inter- 
te  of  the  index,  proceeding  directly  from  the 
radial  artery.  In  the  foot,  are  distinguil 
1.  The  doreal  interoeeeoue  arteriee,  three  in  num- 
ber, which  arise  from  the  artery  of  the  metatar- 
sus, a  branch  of  the  dorealis  tarsi.    2.  The  plantar 


interosseous  arteriee,  which  are,  also,  three  in 
number,  and  arise  from  the  plantar  arch. 

Interosseous  Lig'ambnts.     Ligaments 

between'  certain  hones,  which  they  unite:  such 
are  the  ligaments  between  the  radius  and  ulna, 
and  between  the  tibia  and  fibula. 

Interosseous    Muscles.     These  occupy  the 

etween  the  hones  of  the  metacarpus  and 
metatarsus;  and.  consequently,  belong, — some  to 
the  hand,  others  to  the  ' 

Interosseous  Nebi  k  is  a  branch,  given  off  by 
the  median  nerve,  which  descends  before  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  accompanying  the  artery  of 
the  same  name. 

Interosseous  Veins  have  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries. 

LNTBB088EU8  MANUS,  (F.)  Muscle  interosseux 
de  la  main.  —  iiitacarpo-phalangien-late'ral  ene- 
palmaire  et  mitacarpo-ptalangien  latiral,  (Ch.) 
These  muscles  are  Feven  in  number:  two  for  each 
of  the  three  middle  fingers,  and  one  for  the  little 
finger.  Four  are  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand, 
and  three  only  in  the  palm.  They  are  in.-.  rt<  d 
into  the  metacarpal  bones,  and  send  a  tendon  to 
the  tendon  of  the  c\i<  nsor  communis.  Accord- 
ing to  their  office,  they  are,  to  each  finger,  an  ad- 
ductor  and  an  abductor.  The  indea  has  a  dorsal 
abductor  and  a  palmar  one.  The  middle  finger 
has  two  dorsal  muscles  for  adductor  and  abduc- 
tor;  the  ring  finger  has  a  dorsal  adductor  and  a 
palmar  abductor;  and  the  little  finger  has  only 
;  one  interosseous  abductor,  which  is  palmar. 
These  muscles  produce  abduction  and  adduction 
of  the  fingers,  which  they  can  also  extend,  owing 
to  their  connexion  with  the  extensor  tendons. 

Intebos'sei  s  Pedis,  Mftatareo-phalangicn- 
latfral,  (Ch.)  The  number,  arrangement.  Bbape, 
and  uses  of  these  are  the  same  as  in  the  case  of 
I  the  preceding  muscles.  Four  tire  doreal,  and 
three  plantar:  six  belong  to  the  three  middle  toes 
and  one  to  the  little  toe.  The  great  toe  is  devoid 
of  them.  As  in  the  hand,  they  are  distinguished, 
in  each  toe,  into  abductor  and  adductor. 

Intebos8EU8  Secundus,  Prior  medii  digiti — i. 
Quartus,  Prior  annularis. 

INTEROSSEUX  DE  LA  MAIN,  Interosseus 
mantis. 

INTERPARIETAL  BONE,  0*  foterparre- 
ta'le.  A  bone  found  in  the  skulls  of  the  children 
of  the  Peruvian  races.  It  lies  in  the  situation 
of  the  upper  angle  of  the  occipital  bone,  where 
the  parietal  bone*  separate  from  each  other;  and 
is  the  analogue  of  the  interparietal  bone  of  ru- 
minants and  carnivora. — Tschudi. 

INTERPEDUNCULAR,  Interpeduncnlm'rie ; 
from  inter,  'between/ and  peduncnli.  'peduncles.' 
A  term,  applied  to  that  which  is  placed  between 
the  peduncles  of  the  enoephalon, — as  Interpedun- 
cular epaee  :  a  lozenge-shaped  interval,  behind 
the  diverging  peduncles  or  crura  of  the  cerebrum, 
in  which  are  found  the  posterior  perforated  .-pace, 
corpora  albican tia,  tuber  einereum,  or  infundi- 
bulum.  and  pituitary  body. 

[NTERPELLA'TUS,  (iforowa.)  from  inlerpei- 
ln,  (inter,  and  /»■//<,.)  •  I  interrupt.'  A  term,  by 
which  Paracelsus  designated  those  diseases  whoso 

progress  is  u |ual,  and  paroxysms  irregular. 

INTBRPLEVRO-CeS  TA  IX,  Intercostal 
muscles. 

INTERPOL  LTUS,  Intercalary. 
[NTBRRUPTIO  MENSTROATIONIS,  Ame- 

norrho-i. 

INTERSCAPULAR,    hterecapnia'ri;   |  infer, 

and  eeapula.)     That  which  is  between  the  ihonl- 

-  the  interecapufar  region.     The  i,Jrr*cnp- 

ular  caoitiee,  Cavita'tee  nttereeapula'ree,  are   the 

D  the  BCapulSB  and  the  spinous 

processes  of  the  vertebra*. 


INTERSCAPULIUM 


50  0 


INTESTINE 


INTERSCAPU'LIUM.  The  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

INTERSECTIO,  Decussation,  Intersection. 

INTERSECTION,  Intersec'tio,  Diac'ope,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  seco,  aectutn,  'to  cut.'  The 
point  where  two  lines  meet  and  cut  each  other. 
The  name  aponeurotic  intersection  is  given  to 
fibrous  bands,  which  certain  muscles  present  in 
their  length,  and  by  which  they  seem  inter- 
rupted. Aponeurotic  intersections  are  found  in 
the  recti  muscles  of  the  abdomen;  in  the  semi- 
membranosus, complexus,  sterno-thyroideus,  &e. 

INTERSECTIONES  TENDINE*,E  MUSCU- 
LORUM, Inscriptiones  tendinea?  musculorum. 

INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi- 
astinum. 

INTERSEPTA  HORIZONTALLY  PACCHI- 
ONL  Tentorium. 

INTERSEP'TUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
septum,  'a  partition.'  Cion,  kkj>v.  The  uvula; 
also,  the  septum  narium.     The  diaphragm. 

Interseptum  Narium,  Septum  narium — i.  Vir- 
ginale,  Hymen. 

INTERSPINAL,  Tnterspina'lis,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  spina,  'the  spine.'  That  which  is 
seated  between  the  spinous  processes. 

Interspinal  Lig'ament,  Membra'na  interspi- 
na'lis,  (F.)  Ligament  interepineux.  These  occupy 
the  intervals  between  the  spinous  processes  in  the 
back  and  loins.  In  the  neck,  they  are  replaced 
by  the  muscles  of  the  same  name.  They  prevent 
the  too  great  flexion  of  the  spine,  and  keep  the 
spinous  processes  in  situ.  The  outermost  thick- 
ened portions  of  these  are,  sometimes,  termed 
Ligamen'ta  a'pieum. 

INTERSPINA'LES  COLLI,  Spina'les  Colli 
mino'res,  Spina'ti,  (F.)  Interepineux-cervicaiix, 
Intercervicaux,  (Ch.)  These  are  twelve  in  num- 
ber, and  occupy,  in  two  parallel  rows,  the  inter- 
vals between  the  spinous  processes  of  the  cervical 
vertebrae,  from  that  of  the  atlas  and  vertebra 
dentata,  to  that  between  the  last  cervical  and  first 
dorsal  vertebra.  They  are  flat,  thin,  and  quad- 
rilateral. These  muscles  contribute  to  the  exten- 
sion of  the  neck  and  to  throwing  the  head  back- 
wards. 

Interspinales  Dorsi  et  Lumbo'rum  ;  por- 
tions of  the  Transcersaire-epineux  of  Boyer,  and 
the  sacrospinal  of  Cbaussier.  These  muscles  are 
of  two  kinds.  The  one  (Muscle  grand  epinenx 
du  dos,  of  AVinslow)  representing  fleshy  bundles 
of  different  lengths,  applied  upon  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes,  from  the  third 
dorsal  vertebra  to  the  second  lumbar.  The  other 
(Muscle  petit  epinenx  da  dos,  Winslow)  covered 
by  the  preceding.  They  are  situate  on  each  side 
of  the  interspinal  ligament,  in  the  form  of  small, 
short  flat  bundles,  which  pass  from  one  spinous 
process  to  the  second,  third  or  fourth  above  it. 
These  muscles  aid  in  extending  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn ;  and  incline  it  a  little  to  one  side,  when 
they  act  on  one  side  only. 

INTER'STICE.  Inter  stif'i  urn,  Arao'ma,  from 
inter,  '  between,'  and  sto,  '  I  stand.'  Diaste'ma, 
Interval' I  am.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name 
to  the  intervals  between  organs.  The  iliac  crest, 
crista,  ilii,  for  example,  has  two  lips  and  an  in- 
terstice between  them,  which  affords  attachment 
to  the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Interstice.  Pore. 

INTERSTIT"IAL,  Intcrstitia'lis,  same  ety- 
mon. Applied  to  that  which  occurs  in  the  inter- 
stices of  an  organ, — as  'interstitial  absorption,' 
'interstitial  pregnancy,'  &c. 

INTERSTITIUM,  Interstice  —  i.  Cilinre,  Cili- 
ary ligament — i.  Intercostale,  Intercostal  space — 
i.  Ju<rulare,  Throat. 

INTERTINCTUS,  Discreet. 


IXTER  TEA  CHE  LIENS,  Intertransverse 
colli. 

INTER  TRANSVE  RSAIPES  DES 
LOMREH,  Intertransversales  lumborum. 

INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS,  Intertransverm'- 
rius.  That  which  is  placed  between  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  vertebrae. 

Intertransversales  Coi.lt.  (F.)  Intertrans- 
versaires  cervicaux,  JntertracJie/iens,  (Ch.)  These 
are  small,  muscular  bundles;  quadrilateral:  thin 
and  flat;  situate,  in  pairs,  in  the  intervals  be- 
tween the  transverse  processes  of  the  neck,  ex- 
cept between  the  first  and  second,  where  there  is 
only  one.  They  are  distinguished  into  anterior 
and  posterior.  The  former  are  six  in  number; 
the  latter  five.  These  muscles  bring  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  neck  nearer  each  other, 
and  contribute  to  the  lateral  flexion  of  the  neck. 

Intertransversales  Lumbo'rum,  Mmculi  in- 
tertransversi  lumbo'rum,  (F.)  Intertransverse;} res 
des  lombes.  These  are  almost  entirely  fleshy,  and 
ten  in  number;  five  on  each  side.  They  are  si- 
milar to  the  preceding  in  general  arrangement ; 
except  that  they  are  more  marked,  and  not  placed 
in  two  rows.  Each  intertransverse  space  contains 
onky  one.  They  are  quadrilateral,  and  flat.  The 
first  occupies  the  space  between  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  first  lumbar  and  the  last  dorsal 
vertebra;  and  the  last  is  between  that  of  the 
fourth  and  fifth  lumbar  vertebras.  These  mus- 
cles incline  the  lumbar  regions  laterally ;  and 
straighten  it  when  inclined  to  one  side. 

INTERTRIGO,  Chafing— i.  Podicis,  Chafing. 

INTERVAL,  LUCID,  see  Lucid. 

INTERVALLUM,  Intermission,  Interstice — i. 
Intercostale.  Intercostal  space. 

INTERVENIUM,  Mesophlebium. 

INTERVERTEBRAL,  Intervertebrals,  (in- 
ter, and  vertebra.)  That  which  is  situate  between 
the  vertebra?. 

Intervertebral  Car'tilages.  Fibro-earti- 
lages  or  discs,  Ligamen'ta  intervertebra'lia,  Fibro- 
earti±ag''ines  intervertebra'les.  These  organs  are 
of  a  fibro-cartilaginous  nature;  sections  of  a 
cylinder;  flexible;  whitish;  resisting:  and  situ- 
ate between  the  bodies  of  the  vertebra?,  —  from 
the  space  between  the  second  and  third  as  far  as 
that  between  the  last  vertebra  and  sacrum.  Their 
form  is  accommodated  to  that  of  the  vertebra 
with  which  they  are  in  connexion  ;  so  that,  in  the 
neck  and  loins,  they  are  oval,  whilst  in  the  dorsal 
region  they  are  nearly  circular. 

Intervertebral  Discs,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages—  i.  Fibro-cartilages,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages. 

INTESTABILIS,  Castratus. 

INTESTATUS.  Castratus. 

INTESTIN,  Intestine. 

INTES'TINAL,  Intestina'Us,  Enter'icns,  En- 
ter'ic,  (F.)  Enterique,  from  intus,  'within.'  That 
which  belongs  to  the  intestines,  —  as  intestinal 
canal,  <fec.  Bordeu  uses  the  term  Pauls  intestivnl 
for  a  pulse,  which  he  conceived  to  announce  an 
approaching  crisis  by  the  intestines. 

Intestinal  Juice,  Succus  entericus. 

Intestinal  Tube  or  Tract,  Cana'lis  seu  Trac. 
tus  intestino'rum.  The  canal  formed  by  the  in- 
testines from  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stomach  to 
the  anus. 

INTES'TINE,  Intesti'num,  En'teron,  Chorda, 
Gut,  Nedy'ia  (pi.),  Pan'tices  (pi.),  Boel'li  (pi.), 
Boioel,  (F.)  Intestin,  Royan.  Same  etymon.  A 
musculo-membranous  canal,  variously  convoluted, 
which  extends  from  the  stomach  to  the  anus,  and 
is  situate  in  the  abdominal  cavity;  the  greater 
part  of  which  it  fills.  In  man.  its  length  is  six 
or  eight  times  that  of  the  body.  It  is  divided 
into  two  principal  portions,  called  small  intestine 
and    large    intestine.      The    former,    Intesti'num 


I X  T  E  S  T I  X  0  R  U  M    L .  E  VITA  S 


Q 


I X  U  L  A 


P.)  [ntaatin  greHt,  constituting 
:'■  air-  till  lis  of  the  whole  length,  begins  at 
>maefc   and  terminates  in  (be  right  iliac 
region.    It  is  divided  into  duodenum,  jejunum  and 
Some  anatomists  give  the  name**ta/J  i*n- 
to   ths   last   two   only;   which   are   kept  ill 
place  by  the  mesentery,  and  form  a  lajfte  paqutt, 
aeoupying  the  umbilical  and  hypogastric  region*, 
a  part  of  the  Hanks,  of  the  iliac  r •  •  ir i < > n s .  and  af 
the  cavity  of  the  pelvis.     It  is  oomposed  of,  1.  A 
membrane,  which  in  peritoneal.     2.  Of  a 
muscular  coat,  whose  Bbrea  are  very  pale,  and 
are    placed,    in    part,    longitudinally;    but    the 
greater  part  transversely.     3.  Of  a  whitish,  mu- 
cous  membrane;    villous,  and  forming  folds  or 
valves — valoula  eonnivente* — at  its  inner  surface, 
and   furnUhod    with   a    number  of  muoous   fol- 
eaUed  gland*  of   Lieberkuhn,  (Crypts  or 
follicle*  of  Lieberkuhn,)   and  in  the  duodenum 
with   the  gland*  of   B runner.     The   arteries  of 

the    small    intestine    prOC 1    from    the    superior 

mesenteric;  its  veins  open  into  the  vena  porta. 
Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  superior  mesenteric 
plexus.  The  large  intestine,  Intttti'uum  eraaenm, 
Megalocoj? Uat  (F.)  Gro*  inteatin,  forms  a  sequence 
to  the  small.  It  is  much  shorter,  and  is  solidly 
attached  in  the  regions  of  the  abdomen  which  it 
occupies.  It  begins  in  the  right  iliac  region  ;  as- 
cends along  the  right  flank,  till  beneath  the  liver, 
when  it  crosses  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen, 
descends  into  the  left  iliac  fossa,  and  plunges  into 
Ivio  cavity,  to  gain  the  anus.  The  great 
intestine  is  usually  divided  into  three  portions, — 
the  can-urn,  colon  and  rectum.  It  receives  its  ar- 
teries  from  the  superior  and  inferior  mesenteries. 
Its  reins  open  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves 
are  furnished  by  the  mesenteric  plexuses.  Its 
lymphatic  vessels,  which  are  much  less  numerous 
than  those  of  the  small  intestine,  pass  into  the 
ganglions  or  glands  seated  between  the  different 
ins  of  the  peritoneum,  which  fix  it  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  The  use  of  the  intestines 
is. — in  the  upper  part,  to  effect  the  chylification 
of  the  food  and  the  absorption  of  the  chyle; — in 
the  lower,  to  serve  as  a  reservoir,  where  the  ex- 
erementiiious  portion  of  the  food  collects;  and, 
-  an  excretory  duct,  which  effects  its  ex- 
pulsion. 

[NTESTINORUM   L.EVTTAS.  Lientery. 

I  N  T  K  S  T  I  X  U  L  A   CEREBRI,  Convolutions 

ral) — i.  Meibomii,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 
INTESTINULUM,  Funiculus  umbiiicalis. 
INTESTINUM    CBLLULATUM,    Colon— i. 
Circumvolutum.    Ileon  —  i.   Crassum,   Colon,    see 
oe  —  i.  Uracile,  see  Intestine  —  L  Grande, 
Colon — i.  Laxum,  Colon  —  i.  If  ejus,  Colon  —  i. 
Medium,   Mesentery — i.  Plenum,  Colon — i.  Rec- 
tum. Rectum — i.  Tenue,  see  Intestine. 
[NTIMUM   UNGUIS,  Nail,  roof  of  the. 
IN  TON  AT  10     INIESTINALLS,     Borboryg- 
rou-!. 

INTORSIO,  Distortion, 
INTOXICATIO,    Poisoning— -I    Areeniealis, 
Bmns   -i.  Opiaca,   Meeouismus — i.  Satur- 
ijina,  Saturnismus. 

INTOXICATION.  Poisoning,  Temulentia— i. 
AntimoniaUj  Stibialism  —  i.  den  Marait,  see 
Miasm. 

IS  rn.xic A  TION  SA  TURNINE.    Lead  poi- 

:  ■.    Baturnine   cachexy.     The  aggregate  of 

symptoms  which  present   them-. -Ives   prior   to   an 

!  lead  colic— Tanquerel  des  Planches. 

INTRALINGUAL     SALIVARY     GLANDS, 

•  livarv  gland*. 
INTRALOBULAR,  Intralobular  ri*  i  from  i„- 
»-••'.  -within,'  and  lohuliu,  'a  lobule.'     Relating 
ipace  within  a  lobule:— as  tl intralobu- 
lar i  ■                      -.ii   ,■<  a'u/tf   intralobula 
centra' let,  of  the  liver:  —  veins  which  communi- 


cate with  the  interlobular  veins,  and  are  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  hepatic  veins. 

INTRA-PEL  VIO  T HO  CHANT  ERIE N}  Ob- 
turator interna*. 

IN  IRA-U'TERINE,  TntrmUteH'nm;  from  in- 
tra, 'within,'  and  utmis,  'the  womb.'  That 
which  takes  place  within  the  womb  —  as  'intra- 
nt' rint  life.' 

INTRICATURA,  Decussation. 

[NTRIN'SIC,  I  nt  riu's,  fits  •  from  infra,  'with- 
in.'and  Been*,  'towards.'  Applied  to  the  internal 
muscles  of  certain  organs;  as  those  of  the  ear, 
tongue,  and  larynx.  Linna  us  gave  the  name 
Intrin'xrci  to  internal  diseases. 

INTROITUS  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis— i.  Vagina?, 

Rima  vulva1. 

INTROMIS'SION,    JntremU'tio ;    from    intra, 

I  'within,'  and  mitto,  miaaum,  'I  send.'  The  act 
I  of  introducing  one  body  into  another,  as  Iutro- 
mieaio  Penia,    V.)  Intromission  ,/e  hi  Verge. 

INTROSUSCEPTIO,  Intussuscepdo  — i.  En- 
tropium,  Entropion. 

INTUBUM,  Cichorinm  endivia — i.  Erratieum, 
Cichorium  intybus. 

INTUM  ES'CENCE,  Intumeeeen'tia,  Onco'ei*, 
Dionco'na,  from  intumeacere,  (in,  and  tumeaeere, 
•to  -well.')  Augmentation  of  size  in  a  part  or  in 
the  whole  of  the  body.  Sauvages  uses  the  word 
Intumeecen'tia  for  an  order  of  diseases,  in  which 
he  comprehends  polysarcia,  pneumatosis,  ana- 
sarca, oedema,  physconia,  and  pregnancy. 

INTUMESCENTIA  GANGLIFORMIS,  Gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  see  Facial  nerve — i.  Lactea  Main- 
marum,  Sparganosis  —  i.  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  i. 
Semilunaris,  Ganglion  of  Gasser. 

IXTUS  INVERSUS,  Transposition  of  the  vis- 
cera. 

INTUSSUSCEP'TIO.  from  intu*,  'within,' and 
anacipio, anaceptum,  'I  receive.'  Introauacep'tio.  In 
physiology;  —  the  mode  of  increase  peculiar  to 
organized  bodies.  In  pathology,  like  Convol'vn- 
Iti8,  Vol'vulua  seu  Suacep'tio  sen  Pariango'ge  in- 
teatino'rum,  Chordap' aua,  Enteropariaago'ye,  In- 
digita'tio,  Tormen'tum,  and  fnvagina'tio,  it  means 
the  introduction  of  one  part  of  the  intestinal  canal 
—  intuaauecep'tum  —  into  another,  which  Bervi  s 
it  as  a  sort  of  vagina  <>r  sheath.  Generally,  it  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  small  intestine,  which  is  re- 
ceived into  the  lower — intusauacip'iena — when  the 
intussusception  is  said  to  be  progressive.  At 
times,  however,  it  is  ret'rogrnde.  As  the  disease 
cannot  be  positively  detected  by  the  symptoms, 
it  must  be  treated  upon  general  principles.  At 
times,  the  invaginated  portion  has  separated  and 
b.en  voided  peranum,  —  the  patient  recovering. 
The  disease  is,  however,  of  a  very  dangerous 
character. 

IXTUSSUSCEPTUM,  see  Intussusoeptio. 

INTUSSUSCIPIENS,  see  [ntussusceptio. 

INTYBIIM,  Cichorium  endivia. 

[NTYBUS    HORTENSIS,  Cichorium   endivia. 

INULA,  Bee  Inula  belenium  —  i.  Britannica, 
I.  dysenteries — i.  Common,  I.  belenium — i.  Co- 
ny/aa.  I.  dysenterica. 

In' i  i. a  I)vsknti:h'ica.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Leaaer  Inula,  I.  Britan'nica  sen  Conyztg'a, 
Ast,  ,■  dyaenter'icna  seu  undula'tua,  Pulica'rio. 
dyaenterica,  Cony'ta,  0.  media,  Ar'nica  Siu  </.,,'- 
aia  seu  apu'ria,  Cuni'la  maa'cula  sen  me'dia,  Cu- 
nila'go,  (Prov.)  Mare**  fat,  (F.J  Annie  antidy*- 
entirique,  Herb*  de  Saint  Rnch.  Nat.  Ord.  Com- 
posites. This  plant  was  once  considered  to  pos- 
reat   antidysenteric    virtues.      The    whole. 

plant   is  acrid  and  BOmewhat  aromatic. 

Inula  Hki.kn'ii  m.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Bl'ecampane,  En*ulaf  E.campa'na,  Efen'ium, 
Neeta'rium,  ffelenium,  Aater  helen'ium  Ben  officii 

Wi' I  is,    ('orris, I,  'tin    helen'ium,    Common    Initio,      Y.) 

Aunee    ou    Auntie    ojjicimde.      The    root    In'ula 


INUNCTIO 


508 


IONIA 


(Ph.  U.  S.)  was  formerly  in  high  esteem  in  dys- 
pepsia, cachexia,  pulmonary  affections,  &c.  It 
is  now  scarcely  used. 

Inula,  Lrsser,  Inula  dysenterica  —  i.  Squar- 
rosa,  Conyza  squarrosa. 

INUNCTIO,  Inunction,  Liniment. 

INUNCTION,  Inunc'tio,  Perunc'tio,  IUit"io, 
Illi'tus,  III i nit" io,  Obli>iit"io,  Christ's,  Oatach'rir 
»i»,  Diaeh'risis,  Epich'risis,  Unctio,  from  inun- 
gcre,  inunction,  (in,  and  ungere,  unctuin,)  'to 
anoint.'  The  act  of  rubbing  in  an  ointment 
or  a  liniment,  unction,  (F.)  0  net  ion,  Inunction. 
Inunction  of  the  whole  body  with  a  piece  of 
bacon,  lard,  or  with  oil,  has  been  recommended 
in  scarlatina,  measles,  and  in  scrofulous  or  tuber- 
culous cachexia. 

INUNDATIO,  Depuration. 

INUSTIO.  Cauterization,  Cauterium. 

INUSTORIUM.  Cauterium. 

INVAG"INATED,  Invagina'tus,  from  in,  and 
vagina,  'a  sheath.'  Applied  to  a  part  which  is 
received  into  another,  as  into  a  sheath. 

The  invaginated  or  slit  and  tail  bandage  is  one 
in  which  strips  or  tails  pass  through  appropriate 
slits  or  button-holes. 

INVAGINATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INVAGINATION,  Invagina'tio.  Intussus- 
ceptio. Also,  an  operation,  which  consists  in  in- 
troducing one  end  of  a  divided  intestine  into  the 
other,  with  the  view  of  restoring  the  continuity 
of  the  intestinal  canal. 

The  name  Invagination  is,  likewise,  given  to 
an  operation  for  the  radical  cure  of  crural  hernia, 
which  consists  in  introducing  into  the  crural 
canal  a  thick  tent  of  charpie,  the  effect  of  which 
is,  by  compression  and  adhesive  inflammation,  to 
obliterate  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac. — Nysten. 

INVALETUDO,  Infirmity. 

INVALID,  Valetudinary. 

INVALIDING,  (F.)  Reforme.  The  removal 
from  the  army  of  a  soldier,  who  has  become,  from 
infirmity,  unfit  for  service. 

1NVAL1DUS,  Valetudinary. 

INVASIO.  Arche,  Attack,  Paroxvsm. 

INVERMINATION,  Helminthiasis. 

INVERSIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Entropion— i. 
Uteri,  Hvsteroptosis.  Uterus,  inversion  of  the. 

INVERSION  DE  LA  MATRIOE,  Uterus, 
inversion  of  the — ;'.  du  Lambeau,  see  Flap. 

INVERTENTIA,  Absorbents,  Antacids. 

INVESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA- 
LIS.  see  Funiculis  umbilicalis. 

INVETERATUS,  Chronic. 

INVrSCANTIA.  Incrassantia. 

INVISCA'TIO  OC'ULI,  from  in,  and  viseum, 
'bird  lime.'  A  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids  to 
each  other,  or  to  the  globe  of  the  eye.  Also, 
gluing  together  of  the  eyelids  by  a  viscid  secre- 
tion. 

INVOLU'CRUM,  Involnmen'tnm,  from  invol- 
vcre,  (in,  and  volvere,  vofutum.)  'to  fold  in.'  A 
covering :  hence  Involu'era  cer'ebri,  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain.  Involu'era  nervo'rum,  the 
theaths  of  the  nerves. 

Involucrum  Cordis,  Pericardium — i.  Corporis 
commune,  Integument — i.  Linguae,  see  Tongue — 
i.  Membranaceum,  Decidua  reflexa — i.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — i.  Reti  comparatuin,  Retina. 

INVOLUMENTUM,  Involucrum. 

INVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 

IODB.  Iodine. 

IODES,  JEruEtinous. 

IODETUM  HYDRARGYRICUM,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum. 

10DHYDRARGYRITE  BE  CHLORURE 
MERCUREUX,  Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of. 

IOD'IC,  Iod'icus,  (F.)  Iodique.  Same  etymon 
as  Iodine.     Containing  ioiline. 

IODIDUM    HYDRARGYRI    CHLORIDI, 


Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of — i.  Hydrargyricura, 
Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — i.  Hydrargyrosum, 
Hydrargyri  iodidum. 

I'ODINB,  Io'dina,  Io'dinum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842), 
Iodin'ium  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851),  Iodin'eum,  Jo'dum, 
Io'dium,  lo'uium,  lo'num,  (F.)  lode;  from  iwSrjs, 
viola'ceus,  '  of  a  violet  colour,'  so  called  from  the 
violet  vapour  it  exhales  when  volatilized.  It  is 
contained  in  the  mother  waters  of  certain  fuci, 
and  is  obtained  by  pouring  an  excess  of  concen- 
trated sulphuric  acid  on  the  water  obtained  by 
burning  different  fuci,  lixiviating  the  ashes  and 
concentrating  the  liquor.  The  mixture  is  placed 
in  a  retort  to  which  a  receiver  is  attached,  and  is 
boiled.  The  iodine  passes  over  and  is  condensed. 
It  is  solid,  in  the  form  of  plates  ;  of  a  bluish  gray 
colour,  of  a  metallic  brightness,  and  smell  similar 
to  that  of  the  chloride  of  sulphur.  Its  s.  g.  is 
4.946.  When  heated,  it  becomes  volatilized,  and 
affords  the  vapour  which  characterizes  it.  With 
oxygen  it  forms  Iodic  acid,  and  with  hydrogen 
Hydriodic  acid.  The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the 
iodides  have  been  employed  with  great  success  in 
the  treatment  of  goitre  and  of  some  scrofulous 
affections.  It  must  be  administered  in  a  very 
small  dose  and  for  a  long  period.  It  is  said  to  be 
apt,  however,  to  induce  cholera  morbus,  signs  of 
great  nervous  irritability,  lodome'ihe,  (F.)  Ivresse 
iodique,  and  emaciation  of  the  mammas.  When 
these  symptoms,  collectively  termed  I'odiam,  Io~ 
do'sis,  and  lodiji'ia,  (F.)  Cachexie  iodee,  are 
urgent,  the  dose  may  be  diminished,  or  it  may  be 
wholly  discontinued,  and  afterwards  resumed. 

Various  preparations  of  iodine  are  employed  in 
medicine. 

IODINED,  Iodized. 

I'ODIZED,  I'odined;  Iodisa'tus.  Impregnated, 
or  affected  with,  iodine,  or  its  preparations. 

IODINIA,  see  Iodine. 

IODINIUM,  Iodine. 

IODINUM,  Iodine. 

IODIQUE,  Iodic. 

IODISM,  see  Iodine. 

IODIUM,  Iodine. 

I'ODOFORM,  Iodofor'mum,  (F.)  lodo/orme,  Io- 
dure  de  fornryle  ;  so  called  from  its  analogy  to 
chloroform.  It  is  obtained  by  the  reaction  on 
each  other  of  iodine,  bicarbonate  of  potassa,  water, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  in  crystalline  plates,  of  a  beau- 
tiful citrine  colour ;  and  may  be  given  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  other  preparations  of  iodine.  Dose, 
one  grain,  three  times  a  day.  It  is  the  sesqui-io- 
dide  of  carbon.     See  Carbonis  sesqui-iodidum. 

IODOGNOSIE,  Iodognosis. 

IODOGNO'SIS,  (F.)  lodognosie  :  from  iodine, 
and  yvuots,  'knowledge.'  A  knowledge  of  iodine 
in  its  various  relations. —  Dorvault. 

IODOHYDRARGYRATE  OF  POTASSIUM, 
see  Iodine. 

IODOMETHE,  see  Iodine. 

IODOPE'GiE,  from  iodum,  'iodine,'  and  rrjyr), 
'a  spring.'     Mineral  waters  containing  iodine. 

IOUOPHTHISIE,  from  iodine,  and  </^<nf, 
'phthisis.'  Loss  of  flesh  and  strength  produced 
by  iodine. 

IODOSIS,  see  Iodine. 

IODUM,  Iodine. 

IODURE  DE  FORMYLE,  Iodoform—/. 
de  Mercure,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  —  i.  de  Plomb, 
Plurabi  iodidum — i.  Plombique,  Plumbi  iodidum 
—  i.  de  Potassium,  Potassa?  hydriodas — i.  da 
Quinine,  Quiniae  hj'driodas —  i.  de  Sou/re,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — i.  de  Zinc,  Zinci  iodidum. 

IODURETUM  AMMONLE,  see  Iodine  — i. 
Amyli,  see  Iodine — i.  Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — i.  Sulphuris,  see  Iodine. 

IODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 

ION,  Viola, 

IONIA,  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 


ioxidium  martucci 


IRIS 


IONID'IUM  MARCUCCI,  Cine hnurhuili  —  a 
South    AmerioM    plant     Sex.  $y*f.   Pentandria 

ni.i:    Hat.   Ord.  Violaris;    said    to 

tremely  effieMioaa  iii  the  Hal  ile  Ban  Latere,  of 
Colombia. 

IONIUM,  Iodine. 

ION  i  \.  see  Bxeretion. 

lON'THUS,  Van*,  Violet  Bmpttcm,  from  tar, 
'the  violet,'  and  avis?,  'a  Bower,* or  nOec,  'foul* 
neas1  [?].  An  unsuppurative,  tubueular  tumour; 
stationary;  chiefly  on  the  face.  A  genus  in  the 
Olaai  Hatmatica,  order  Pklogotica  of  Q 1. 

IoNTUis  Cokymbifkr,  GKltta  rosea — i.  Varus. 
Acne. 

IONDM,  Iodine, 

lOTAOIS'MUS,  from  the  Greek  letter  Iota. 
Defective  articulation,  —  the  patient  not  being 
able  to  pronounce  the  palatals  j  and  <j  soft. 

IPECAC,  Apoeynum  androssemifblium,  Eu- 
phorbia eorollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata,  Ipecacuan- 
ha, Triosteum — i.  American.  Apoeynum  andro&SB- 
mifolium — i.  Wild,  Euphorbia  ipecacuanha. 

IPBCACUAN'HA.  In  common  parlance. often 
abridged  to  Ipecac,  and  in  Ireland  to  Hippo. 
The  pharmacopoeia]  name  of  the  root  of  Cephas'- 
i  ipecaciian'ka,  Ipecaenan'ha, 
mga,  Hyponean'na,  Hipponcan'na,(V.)  Ipf- 
cacaanha  amncli.  Hat.  Ord.  Cinchonacees.  It  is 
also  obtained  from  the  Ptacko'tria  emet'ica  of 
Peru.  The  odour  of  the  root,  Ipecacvan'ka  root, 
Ipecacunn'hfB  radix,  Radix  Brazilian' lit,  —  Ipo- 
cucunnh'i  \Y\\.  U.  B.)i  (F-)  R*cine  BreeiUennC  ou 

~ll),  —  is  faint  and  peculiar;  taste  bitter, 
subaerid,  and  mucilaginous;  both  water  and  alco- 
hol extract-  its  virtues,  which  depend  "ii  a  pecu- 
liar principle,  called  Emefia.  It  is  emetic  in 
large  doses  :  sudorific  in  smaller.  Dote,  as  an 
emetic,  gr.  xx  to  xxx, — alone,  or  united  with  gr. 
i.  to  ij  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Ipkcaciwnha.  Euphorbia  eorollata,  Pedilan- 
thus  tithymaloides  —  i.  Aiinele,  Ipecacuanha  —  i. 
Bastard,  Asclepias  eurassaviea,  Triosteum  perfo- 
liatutn — i.  Blanc  de  VHc  de  France,  Tylophora 
BSthmatiea — i.  Blanc  de  St.  Domingne,  Asclepias 
curassarica — i.  of  the  Isle  of  France,  Tylophora 
astliinatica. 

IrsCAi  l mn'im,  White,  is  obtained  from  diffe- 
rent species  of  Rickardconia  and  lonidium.  17'- 
ola  ipecaeuan'ha  Ben  Solea  ipecaeuan'ha  sen  Pom- 
ha' lea  ipecaeuan'ha  also  atl'ords  it.  It  is  weaker 
than  the  gray. 

IPO, 

IPOM'KA  BATATQJDE8,  see  Convolvulus  ja- 
lapa — i.  Jalapa,  Convolvulus  jalaps  —  i.  Macror- 
rhiza,  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Ifestitlanica,  sec 
vulus  jalapa  —  i.  Nil,  Con  volvulus  nil  —  i. 
Operoulata,  see  Batata  de  purga — i.  Oriaabensis, 
see  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Purga,  see  Convol- 
vulus jalapa  —  i.  Schie  Convolvulus 
jalapa. 

IB  \. 

[RACUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oouli. 

IRAL'GIA;  treal'oia,  Iridal'gia,  from  ipis, 
'the  iris,'  and  aXyee,  'pain.'      Pain  in  the  iris. 

IRASCIBLE,  Bectue  exteraus  oouli. 

IRE  M.'il  \.  [ralgia. 

IREONCION,  [r  anoistron. 

I'llIAX,  Iria'nue,  (F.)  Irien.    Belonging  to  the 

IRIANCI8'TR0N,  Iridanciet'ron,  Iraon'eion, 
from  iptft  and  uyKiarpov,  'a  hook.'  A  booked  in- 
1  by  Sohlagintweit  in  the  formation 
of  an  artificial  pupil. 

tRIDJB'A  BDU'LIS.  One  of  the  Algse,  eaten 
»tland  and  the  Sonthwest  of  England. 

IRIDALG1  \.  Eralgia. 

IRTDANCISTRON,  friancistron. 

IRIDAUXE'818,  from  Trie,  iridi*,  and  avfnrtf, 
'augmentation. ;'  Staphylo'ma   Priditf  8,    U'tem, 


Iridonca' tie,  Lymphtnt'cn*  Pridit.  Exudation  of 
fibrin  into  the  tini«up  nf  the  iris. 

[RIDECTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

[RIDKCTOMIA.  -.  ■   Coretomia. 

IRIDENCLEISIS,  nee  Coretomia. 

[RIDENCLEISM1  8,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDERE'MIA,  Fr*»m  Trie,  iridic,  and  rp^"?, 
'deprived  of;'  Iridoetere'eie,  Absence  of  iris, 
either  apparent  or  peal. 

[RIDITIS,  Iritis. 

rRIDOCELE,  1'tosis  rridis. 

IRIDOl  OLOBOMA,  Coloboma  iridis. 

[RIDODIAL1  BIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDODONE'SIS,  from  hie,  and  Scvnt,  'I 
shake.'     Tremulousness  of  the  Iris.      See  Hippus. 

IRIDOMALA'CIA,  from  Iris,  indie,  and  ua\a- 
ftness.'  Mollescence  or  softening  of  the  iris. 

IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Iridomelano'ri;  from 
Iris,  and  fJtXavav,  '  to  colour  black.'  The  depo- 
sition of  1. lack  matter  on  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 

[RIDONCO'SIS,  Iridonfcue,  Ironco'eie,  ////«*•- 
roneo'ei*  Iridic,  from  />•»'»,  and  oy»-oj,  '  a  swelling/ 
Tumefaction  or  thickening  of  the  iris.  Also  Iri- 
danxesis. 

IRIDONCUS,  Iridoncosis. 

IRIDOPERIPHACI'TIS,  h-idaperiphaK'ti*, 
from  Iris,  nepi,  'around.'  and  phacitie,  inflamma- 
tion of  the  lens.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior 
hemisphere  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens. 

IRIDOPLANIA,  Hippus. 

IRLDOPTOSIS,  Ptosis  iridis. 

IRIDOR'BII  AGAS,  Iridnrrho'ge',  Tridor'rKox, 
Iridoechic'ma,  Fieeu'ra  Pridie,  from  Lin,  and 
paya<;,  'a  fissure.'  Fissure  of  the  iris.  See  Co- 
loin. ma. 

IRIDORRIIOGE.  Iridorrbagaa. 

IRIDORRHOX,  Iridorrhagae. 

IRIDOSCHISMA,  Coloboma  Iridis,  Iridor- 
rhagas. 

IRIDOSTERESIS,  Irideremia. 

[RIDOTENCLEISIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTOMEDIA  LYSIS,  see  Coretojnia. 

IRIDOTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTROMUS,  Hippus. 

IRIEH,  Irian. 

IRIS,  {gen.  Pridie)  Gramme.  So  called  from  its 
resembling  the  rainbow  in  a  variety  of  colours. 
A  membrane,  stretched  vertically  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  eye.  in  the  midst  of  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, in  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  circular,  flat 
partition,  separating  the  anterior  from  the  poste- 
rior chamber.  It  is  perforated  by  a  circular 
opening  called  the  pupil,  which  is  constantly  va- 
rying its  dimensions,  owing  to  the  varying  con- 
tractions of  the  fibres  of  the  iris.  Its  ] 
surface  has  been  called  uvea,  from  the  thick, 
blaek  varnish  whioh  covers  it.  The  pigmentary 
Btratum,  on  its  free  surface,  appears  to  be  bounded 

by  a    delicate,    but    sharply    defined,    line,    which 

'•  bj  been  described  as  s  special  mem  bam — Mem- 
bra'na  pigmen'ti  sen  li m'itane  sea  Um'itanc  Pad'" 
m  B(  a  Jaco'bi  Arnold.    The  greater  chroumfei  ei  i  e 

of  the  i ri -*  is  adherent  to  the  ciliary  i 
circle.      It  has  an  external  plane  of  radiated  fibres 
and  an  internal  one  of  circular  fibres,  w  hi<  h  *er.  •• 
—  the   one    to  dilate,    the    other    to    contract    the 
aperture  of  the  pupil.      The  iris  receives  the  irian 
nerve*.      Its   arteries   arc   furnished   by   thi 
ciliary   arteries,  which    form    two   circles    by  their 
anastomoses;   the  one  very  broad,  near  tl.e  Lrre:>t 
circumference;    the    other,    smaller,    ;ind    seated 
around  the  circumference  of  the  pupil.     The  veins 
of  the  iris  empty  themselves  into  the  Pbea 
■    •".  and  into  the  long  ciliary  veins.      The  BSe  I  t 

the  iris  seems  to  be,—  to  regulate  by  it-  dilatation 

or    contraction,    the    quantity   of   luminous    rays 
ry    for  distinct    vision.      The   different  co- 
lours of  the  iris  occasion  the  variety  in  the  colours 
of  the  human  eye. 


IRIS  rUAXT 


510 


IRRITABILITY 


Iris,  see  Herpes  Iris — i.  Common,  I.  Germa- 
nica —  i.  Commun,  I.  Germanica  —  i.  de  Florence, 
I.  Florentina. 

Iris  Florenti'na,  Florentine  iris  or  orris,  (F.) 
Iris  de  Florence.  Order,  Iridaeeae.  The  rhizoma 
of  this  plant  is  extremely  acrid  in  its  recent  state  : 
and,  when  chewed,  excites  a  pungent  heat  in  the 
mouth,  that  continues  for  several  hours.  When 
dried,  the  acrimony  is  lost,  or  nearly  so,  and  the 
smell  is  very  agreeable.  It  is  indebted  to  its 
agreeable  flavour  for  its  retention  in  the  pharma- 
copoeias, although  it  is  ranked  as  an  expectorant. 
The  orris  root  of  the  shops  is  said  to  consist  of  the 
rhizomes  of  three  species — /.  Florentina,  I.  pal- 
lida, and  /.  Germanica. 

Irts  FcETinis'siMA.  I.  fce'tida,  Spath'ula  fce'ti- 
da,  Xi/ris,  Stinking  iris,  (F.)  Iris  puant,  Glayenl 
■piiant.  The  root  has  been  esteemed  antispasmo- 
dic and  narcotic. 

Iris  Gbrman'ioa.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Flower-de-luce,  Iris  nostras  seu  vulga'ris,  Aier'- 
sa,  Common  iris  or  orris,  Gladi'olus  copru'leus, 
(F.)  Iris  commun,  Flambe.  The  fresh  roots  have 
a  disagreeable  smell,  and  an  acrid,  nauseous  taste. 
They  are  powerfully  cathartic,  and  are  given  in 
dropsies,  where  such  remedies  are  indicated. 

Iris  Hexagona,  I.  versicolor. 

Iris  Lacus'tris,  Dwarf -flag.  Dwarf lake-iris  ; 
has  the  properties  of  I.  versicolor. 

Iris,  Lake,  Dwarf.  I  lacustris  —  i.  Lutea,  I. 
pseudacorus  —  i.  cles  Marais,  I.  pseudacorus —  i. 
Nostras,  I.Germanica — i.Palustris,  I.  pseudacorus. 

Iris  Pseudac'orus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Yellow  water-flag,  Iris  palns'tris  seu  lu'tea, 
Gladi'olus  lu'teus,  Ac'orus  vulga'ris  seu  adulteri'- 
nus  seu  palns'tris,  Pseudac'orus,  Bn' torn  on,  (F.) 
Iris  des  marais.  Faux  acore,  Flambe  bdtard,  Acore 
bdtard.  The  root  has  an  acrid,  stypic  taste.  It 
is  an  errhine,  sialogogue,  and  acrid  astringent. 
The  expressed  juice  is  diuretic,  and  said  to  be  a 
useful  application  to  serpiginous  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections.  Rubbed  on  the  gums,  or  chewed, 
it  is  said  to  cure  toothache. 

IRTS  PUANT,  I.  foetidissima  — i.  Stinking, 
I.  foetidissima. 

Iris  Versic'olor,  I.Iiexago'na,  Blue  flag.  The 
rhizoma  of  this  is  an  active  cathartic,  and  has 
been  much  used,  as  such,  by  the  American  In- 
dians.    It  is  reputed  to  be  diuretic. 

Iris  Virgin'ica,  Slender  Blue  flag  :  and  Iris 
verna,  are  said  to  have  virtues  like  those  of  I. 
versicolor. 

Iris  Vulgaris,  I.  Germanica. 

IRISITIS,  Iritis. 

IRI'TIS,  Inflammation  of  the  iris,  Inflamma'tio 
I'ridis,  Irisi'tis,  Iridi'tis,  from  Iris,  and  ifis,  de- 
noting inflammation,  Urei'tis  of  some.  The  chief 
symptoms  are; — change  in  the  colour  of  the  iris  ; 
fibres  less  movable:  tooth-like  processes  shooting 
into  the  pupil :  pupil  irregularly  contracted,  with 
the  ordinary  signs  of  inflammation  of  the  eye. 
If  the  inflammation  does  not  yield,  suppuration 
takes  place  :  and  although  the  matter  may  be  ab- 
sorbed, the  iris  remains  immovable.  It  is  often 
caused  by  syphilis.  The  general  principles  of 
treatment  are,  to  deplete  largely  and  exhibit  mer- 
cury freely;  along  with  attention  to  other  means 
advisable  in  ophthalmia.  The  free  use  of  quinia 
is  sometimes  serviceable.  When  the  inflamma- 
tion is  seated  in  the  serous  covering  of  the  iris,  it 
is  termed  Iritis  sero'sa. 

IRON,  Ferrum  —  i.  Acetate  of,  Ferri  acetas — 
i.  and  Alumina,  sulphate  of,  Ferri  et  aluminis 
sulphas  —  i.  Ammoniated,  Ferrum  ammoniatum 
— i.  Ammonio-citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras  — 
i.  Ammonio-chloride  of,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  — 
i.  Ammonio-tartrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-tartras — 
1.  and  Ammonia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras 
— i.  and  Quinia,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Iodine. 


Iron  Bark,  see  Kino. 

Iron,  Bromide  of,  see  Bromine  —  i.  Carbo- 
nate of,  saccharine,  Ferri  proto-carbonas —  i. 
Carburet  of,  Graphites  —  i.  Black  oxide  of,  Oxy- 
duin  ferri  nigrum — i.  Chloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum 
— i.  Citrate  of,  Ferri  citrus — i.  Citrate  of  the  mag- 
netic oxide  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras — i.  Fer- 
rocyanuret  of,  Prussian  blue  —  i.  Ferroprussiate 
of,  Prussian  blue — i.  Filings,  purified,  Ferri  lima- 
tura  puriticata —  i.  Hydrated  oxide  of,  Ferrum 
oxydatum  hydratum  —  i.  Hydrated  peroxide  of, 
Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i.  Hydrated  trit- 
oxide  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i.  Hydri- 
odate of,  Ferri  iodidum — i.  Hydrobromate  of,  see 
Bromine — i.  Hydro-oxide  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum 
hydratum  —  i.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine,  and 
Ferri  iodidum  —  i.  loduret  of,  Ferri  iodidum  —  i. 
Lactate  of,  Ferri  lactas — i.  Liquor,  Ferri  acetas — 
i.  and  Magnesia,  citrate  of.  Ferri  et  Magnesiw 
citras — i.  Magnetic  Oxide  of,  Oxydum  Ferri  ni- 
grum—i.  Muriate  of,  Ferri  chloridum — i.  Nitrate 
of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis  —  i. 
Perchloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum — i.  Peroxidf  of, 
Ferri  subcarbonas — i.  Phosphate  of,  Ferri  phos- 
phas  —  i.  Pills  of,  compound,  Pilulse  ferri  com- 
positae — i.  Potassio-citrate  of.  see  Ferri  ammonio- 
citras — i.  Protocarbonate  of,  Ferri  protoearbonas 
— i.  Protoxide  of,  lactate  of  Ferri  lactas. 

Iron  Pyritks,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

Iron,  Qukvknne's,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Iron  and  Quinia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Quiniae 
citras  —  i.  and  Quinia,  hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia, 
iodide  of  iodhydrate  of. 

Iron  Reduced,  Ferri  Pulvis. 

Iron,  Sksquichloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum  — 
i.  Sesquinitrate  of,  Solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri 
muriatis — i.  Sesquioxide  of,  Ferri  subcarbonas — i. 
Sodio-citrate  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras — 1.  Sul- 
phate of,  Ferri  sulphas — i.  Sulphuret  of,  Ferri 
sulphuretum — i.  Tannateof,  Ferri  tannas — i.  Tar- 
tarized,  Ferrum  tartarizatum —  i.  Ternitrate  of, 
solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — i.  Trito- 
hydro-ferrocyanate  of,  Prussian  blue. 

Iron  and  Potass,  Tartrate  of,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

Iron.  Valerianate  of,  Ferri  valerianas. 

Iron  Weed,  Vernonia  Noveboracensis. 

IRONCOSrS.  Iridoncosis. 

IRRADIA'TION,  Irradia'Ho  (ir  and  radius). 
Shooting  or  proceeding  from  a  centre  —  as  au 
•  irradiating  pain.' 

IRREDU'CIBLE,  (F.)  Irreductible.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  fractures,  luxations,  hernia?,  &c, 
when  they  cannot  be  reduced. 

IRR£'U  UCTIBLE,  Irreducible. 

IRREG'ULAR,  Irregularis,  Anom'alons;  from 
ir,  negation,  and  regula,  'a  rule.'  A  term  chiefly 
applied  to  the  types  of  a  disease;  and  also,  to 
the  pulse  when  its  beats  are  separated  by  unequal 
intervals. 

Irreg'ular  Practit"ioner.  One  who  does 
not  practise  his  profession  according  to  rules 
sanctioned  by  law  or  custom. 

IRREMEDIABLE,  Incurable. 

IRREPTIO,  Attack. 

IRRIGA'TION,  Irriga'tio,  Embroca'tio,  Irro- 
ra'tio  :  '  the  act  of  watering  or  moistening,'  from 
in,  and  rigo,  'I  water.'  The  methodical  applica- 
tion of  water  to  an  affected  part,  to  keep  it  con- 
stantly wet. 

IRRITABILITAS,  Irritability— i.  Halleriana, 
Irritability — i.  Morbosa,  see  Subsultus  tendinuni 
— i.  Vesicae,  Cysterethisraus. 

IRRITABIL'ITY,  Irritabil'itas,  from  irrito, 
(in,  '  negation,' and  ritm,  'the  usual  manner,')  'I 
provoke.'  Vis  irritabilita'tis,  V.  Vita,  V.  in'sita 
of  Haller,  V.  vita'lis  of  Gorter,  Oseilla'tio  of 
Boerhaave,  Tonic  power  of  Stahl,  Vita  pro'pria, 
Irritabililas    Halleria'na,    Inherent  power,    Con- 


iruita  r.  i.i: 


51  1 


trm-tH' !t,/,  ExcitabH'ity,  fte.     (F.)  Frritabi 
JfaVirii  j    all   living, 

•  being  acted  upon  by  certain 
stimuli,  and  of  moving  responsive  to  stimulation. 
It  is  the  ultimate  rital  property. 

[R'R]  rABLE,  frritab'ilie.    That  which  is  en- 
dowed with  irritability.     Bverj  Living  organised 
tissue  id  irritable;  that  is.  capable  of  feeling  an 
appropriate  stimulus,  and  of  moving  responsive  to 
niilus.    Irritable  is  often  used  in  the  same 
.  as  s  •  •  n  a  a  Bpeak  of  an  hrri- 
.    >r  li.ii.it.  or  temper.     This  las  I  con- 
dition   has    been    variously    termed  —  Debit' iftu 
i.  />.    En  tin'*' I'm,    Hgpereine'eia   nmrm'sn, 
ttheni'a,  Ncttro*thcni'at  Setuibil'ittu  atiom'- 
W*n,  S    n 

I  LRITAMEN,  Irritant,  Stimulus. 
[RRITAMENTUM,    Erethism,    Irritant.    St L- 

— i.  Metallicum,  Galvanism. 
[R'RITANT,   Irri'tau*.    Frrita'men,    frritamen- 

S  urn'  etymon.      That  which   causes   irrita- 
ti  in   or  pain,  heat  and   tension  :  either  meebani- 

.-  puncture,  acupuncture,  or  scarification:  '■'• 

■'''v.  as   the  alkalies   and   acids;    or  in  a 
/'•  maimer,  as  can  tbn  rides. 
Irritants  are  of  great  use  in  the  treatment  of 

[RRITATING    POISON,  see  Poison. 
IRRITATIO.  Erethism,  Gargale,  Irritation. 
tRRITA'TION,  Trrita'tio,  Ereihi^mn*.     Same 

etymon.      The  state  of  a  tissue  or  organ,  in  which 

vital    movement:  commonly 

■d    by   increase    of   the   circulation    and 

sensibility.     Broussais  defines  irritation  to  be; — 

lition  of  an  organ,  the  excitation  of  which 

i<  carried  to  so  high  a  degree,  that  the  equilibrium 

resulting  from  the  balance  of  all  the  functions  is 

broken.     In  this  signification,  he    also  uses  the 

turirritation,    which    he   considered    as    a 

higher  degree,  and  as  the  essential  cause  of  fever. 

Irritation  is  the  precursor  pf  inflammation. 

k'TION,  MoKBW,  Couftitn'tional  irritation. 
Irritative  fever,  Peeuda-fever,  is  that   excitement 
■••curs  after  injuries   done   to   the   body,  or 
t o  any  part  thereof;  —constituting  cases  of  die- 
•  ympathi/. 
IRRITATIVE   FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 
IRROR  VTIO,  Irrigation. 
[S,  Fibre. 

rS  V.DELPH'1  \.  from  iao<;,  '  equal,'  and  m^A^o?, 

'brother.'     A  double  m  mstrosity,  in  which   both 

equally  and  perfectly  developed,  and 

ndenf  vital  organs  :  and  which 

are  unite,!  by  parts  of  little  significance. — Gurlt 

I-  i'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,    Woad,  Pattel.      Ord. 

Oapparidaceas.     A  European  plant,  whose  leaves 

i    fugitive    pungent    smell,    and    an    acrid 

durable  taste.     They  are  not  used,  however,  in 

le  at  the  present  day.  but  are  the  source 

-Miff.  wood. 
\.  Boletus  igniarius. 
[SCHiE'Ml  \.  from  m^w,  'I  retain/ and  'mfi't. 
Morbid  retention  or  suppression  of  an 

habitual  flux  of  bl I,  as  of  the  hemorrhoidal  or 

' strual  tlux  or  of  epistaxis.     Bee  Haematosta- 

IJS'MON,  Ierha'mnm.     Same  etymon.     A 

i  which  restrains  or  stops  bl ling. 

■ !  5,  from  (Tyfii'. '  to  retain.'     Su 
ration  of  a  discharge  or  secretion. 

II  \.  MINERAL  w  \T!.i:s  OP.     In  this 

volcanic    U)le,    five    miles    from    Naples,    there   are 
several  thermal  water-,  one  of  which — that  of  Gur- 
gitello-  -raises  the  thermometer  of  Pahr.  I 
[SCH1  \(TS.  rschiatic 
[SCHI  LDELPHUS,  Ischioi 

[1  UHCUS   MORBUS,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
Nervus,  Scinric  n<  rve. 
ISCHIADOCELE,  Ischiocele. 


!•     HIOCELE 


I  AGRA,  h'ehia;  Mal'pia,  from  iffXtov, 
'the  hauncti.'  and    ay-pa,   *a   aeisure.'     A    name 
given    to   ischiatic    gout.     Femoro-popliti 
ralgia  has,  also,  been  so  called. 

[S'CHIAL,  hehia'li:  Relating  <>r  belonging 
to  the  isehton. 

ISCHIALGIA,  Ischiagra,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitsea. 

ISCHIAS,  Ischiagra  —  i.  Nervosa  Antica,  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-prsetibialia —  i.  N  ntunnii, 
Neuralgia  femoro-pnplitsea  —  i.  Nervosa  digitali.-. 
Neuralgia  cubito-digi  talis —  i.  Nervosa  poatiea, 
Neuralgia  fenioro  poplit;va  —  i.  a  Spa;  gain. -':, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ISCHIAT'IC,  [echiad'ie,  fcstatVews,  hckind'- 
-  -I'at'ic,  (P.)  feehiatiqne,  from 
irgMV,  'the  haunch:'  whence  the  word  Seiatiis 
An  epithet  given  to  parts  connected  with  the 
ischium.  The  Sciatic  NOTCHES,  (F.)  Eeh'tn- 
ernret  Teehiatiqnee,  are  formed  by  this  hone  ;  the 
Ischiatic  Simm:  belongs  to  it,  and  gives  attach- 
ment   to   the   Bmall  sacro-sciatic  ligament 

TtTBBROS'lTT    of   Tin:    IsCHTtTM,  i'riiin<. 

Tuber  Ix'cfn'i,  (P.)  TtihSrorite"  Hciatique,  is  formed 
by  it.  It  receives  the  insertions  of  different 
muscles  of  the  thigh,  and  forms  the  projection  on 
which  the  body  rots  when  seated. 

ISCHIATIC  A RTERT,  Sciat'fc  A r'tery,  (P.)  Artire 
Ffmoro-Poplitie  (Ch.)  arises  singly  from  the  hy- 
pogastric, or  with  the  gluteal:  and  seems  to  be 
really  a  continuation  of  the  trunk  of  the  hypo, 
gastric.  It  issues  from  the  pelvis,  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  great  sciatic  notch  :  and.  afterwards, 
divides  into  a  considerable  number  of  branches, 
which  are  distributed  particularly  to  the  posterior 
and  superior  region  of  the  thigh. 

Ischiatic  Region,  Sciat'ic  region;  Regio  raeAt"- 
ad'iea.     The  region  of  the  hip. 

Ischiatic  Vein  presents  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  artery. 

rSCHIATICUS,  Sciatic. 

ISCHIATOCELE,  Isohiocele. 

ISCHIDRO'SIS,  S»do'ri*  •mwjmWsm,  Oligid- 
ria, from  ia^o,  'I  restrain,'  and  ii6fi«»S,  'sweat.' 
Suppression  of  perspiration. 

[SCHIO.  In  composition,  belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  ischium. 

ISCHIOBLEN'NIA,  UchoUen'nia,  from  kt^w, 
'Ire-train,'  and  QXnrrm,  'mucus.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  morbid  but  habitual  discharge  of  mucus. 

[SI  QIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging  to  the 
iseiiium  and  corpus  eavernosum. 

Ischio-Oavbrhosus  muscle,  Collateral  Ha,  Di- 
rec'tor  sen  Eree'tor  tvu  Suatettta'tor  Pen 
Erect eur  >1<i  Peats,  lechio-urfthral,  (Ch.)  is  a 
small,  long,  flat  muscle,  which  Burrounds  the 
origin  of  the  corpus  eavernosum.  It  is  fixed 
below  to  the  inner  si'le  of  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium,  and  above  to  the  root  of  the  penis,  where 
it  is  confounded  wish  the  flbroas  roembr 
the  corpus  eavernosum.  It  draw-  the  root  of  the 
penis  downwards  and  backwards. 

IbCBIO-CaYBRROSOS  of  the  female.  F.rxtnr 
sen    Siii/'ntu'tnr    sen     Sn/»ri'>r    rot  mi' il  iih    <■///,,,■'- 

idie,  (P.)  hfhio-clitoridien,  Techin  toue-elitorien, 
(Ch.),  is  arranged  nearly  as  in  the  male,  but  is 
le-s  bulky.  It  arises,  by  aponeurosis,  from  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates  by  em- 
bracing the  corpus  eavernosum  of  the  clitoris,  to 
the  erection  of  which  it  appears  to  contribute. 

ISCHIOCE'LE,  Teehiatoee'ti,  Teckian 
Hernia  iechiafica ;  from  laym*.  'the  ischium,' 
and  kt)\>i,  'tumour.'  Twbiatic  hernia.  One  in 
which  the  viscera  issue  by  the  greal  sciatic  notch. 
It  It  a  rare  disease.  The  protruded  parts  must 
be  reduce.]— 1}|,.  patient  being  placed  in  a  fni  our- 
lition,  and  they  must  be  retained  by  a 
bandage. 


ISCIII0-CLIT0RIANU3 


12 


ISOCRATES 


ISCHIO-CLITORIA'NUS.  That  which  is 
oonnected  with  the  ischium  and  clitoris. 

Ischio-Clito'rian  Artery  of  Chaussier  is  a 
division  of  the  internal  pudic,  which  furnishes 
the  two  arteries  of  the  clitoris  —  the  superficial 
and  deep-seated. 

Irchio-Clitortan  NrrVE,  of  the  same  pro- 
fessor, is  the  superior  branch  of  the  pudic  nerve, 
which  is  distributed  to  the  clitoris. 

ISCHIO  -  CLTTORIDFEN,  Ischio  -  cavernous 
— i.  Coceygeus,  Coccygeus — /.  Griti-tibial,  Semi- 
tendinous—  i.  Femoralis,  Adductor  ma^nus  — 
f.  FSmoro-pfronier,  Biceps  flexor  cruris — i.  Peri- 
neal, Transversus  perinaai — i.  Poph'ti-femoral, 
Semi  -  membranosus  —  i".  Popliti  -  tibial,  Semi- 
membranosus—  i.  Pretibial,  Scmi-tendinosus  — 
i,  Soiis-clitorien,  Ischio-cavernosus  —  i.  Sous-tro- 
chanterien,  Quadratus  femoris — i.  Spino-trochan- 
terien,  Ischio-trochanterianus —  i.  Urethral,  Is- 
chio-cavernosus. 

ISCHIODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 

IS'CHIOX,  Ischium,  Os  ischii,  Os  coxen'dicis, 
Ilip-bone,  Huckle-bone,  Seat-bone,  (Sc.)  Henck- 
bane,  HuJcehane,  Luni/iebane,  (Prov.)  Chancebone, 
Pinbone,  (F.)  Os  de  I'assiette.  The  lowermost  of 
the  three  portions  which  compose  the  os  innomi- 
natura  in  the  foetus  and  young  individual.  The 
inferior  region  of  the  same  bone  has,  also,  been 
called  ischium,  in  the  adult.  According  to  Hesy- 
chius,  the  ancients  designated  by  the  word  is- 
ehion  the  capsular  ligament  of  the  coxo-femoral 
articulation,  as  well  as  the  articulation  itself. 
Some  derive  the  word  from  to^t?,  the  lumbar  re- 
gion ;  others  from  the  verb  to-^w,  '  I  arrest,'  '  I 
retain;'  —  because  that  bone  serves  as  a  base  or 
support  for  the  trunk,  when  we  are  seated. 

Ischion,  Haunch. 

ISCHIO -NEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro 
poplitaea. 

ISCHIOPA'GES,  Tschiadclph'us,  from  Ischion, 
and  -ayu),  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrous  union  of  two 
foetuses,  in  which  they  are  attached  to  each 
other  by  the  ischia.  —  Geoffroy  St.  Hiliare.  See 
Hypogastrodidymus. 

rSCHIOPHTHFSIS,  Tabes  coxa'ria  seu  ischi- 
ad'ica, Phthisis  ischiad'ica,  from  la^tnv,  'ischium,' 
and  phthisis.  Phthisis  in  consequence  of  suppu- 
ration of  the  hip-joint.     See  Coxarum  morbus. 

ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS.  Winslow,  Saneto- 
rini,  Albinus,  and  Sommering,  have  given  this 
name  to  the  fibres  of  the  transversus  perinaai 
muscle,  which  go  towards  the  prostate. 

ISCHIORECTAL  FOSSA,  Perineal  fossa. 

ISCHIOSIS,  Neuralgia  femoro  poplitaea. 

ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS,  Gem'ini, 
Gemel'li.  Part  of  the  Marsnpin'lis  of  Cowper; 
Car'neum  Marsn'pittm,  Fsehio-spiui-trockautSHeii, 
Secnn'dus  et  ier'tins  quadrifjem'iniM,  (F.)  Muscle 
cannele,  Accessoire  d  Vobtnmteur  interne.  Two 
small,  fleshy  bundles,  long  and  flat,  which  arise, 
— the  superior  on  the  outside  of  the  sciatic  spine  ; 
the  inferior  behind  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 
Both  pass  horizontally  outwards,  and  are  attached 
to  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus,  which 
they  accompany  into  the  fossa  of  the  trochanter. 
These  muscles  are  rotators  of  the  lower  limb  out- 
wards. They  can,  also,  turn  the  pelvis  on  the 
femur,  in  standing  on  one  foot. 

ISCHIUM.  Ischion. 

ISCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs,  which  are  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine  and  bromine. 

ISCHNOPHO'NIA,  from  i<7XvoS>  'slender.'  and 
Qwvt],  'voice.'  Slenderness  of  voice.  —  Hippo- 
crates. Galen. 

ISCHN0TE3,  Emaciation. 

ISCFIO,  kt^w,  'I  keep  back,'  'I  restrain/  'I 
hold  firm.'     Hence  : 

ISCHOBLENNIA,  Ischioblennia. 


I>CIIOCENO'SIS,  from  leryw,  'I  arrest,'  and 
ksvuxjis,  'evacuation.'  Retention  or  suppression 
of  a  natural  evacuation — as  of  the  menses. 

ISCHOCHOLTA,  from  i^w,  'I  arrest,'  and 
Y0A/7,  'bile.'  Reten'tio  bills.  Retention  or  sup- 
pression of  the  biliary  secretion. 

ISCHOCOILIA,  Constipation. 

ISCHOCOPRIA.  Constipation. 

ISCHOGALAC'TIA,  Reten'tio  lactis,  from  htx'->, 
and  ya\a,  'milk.'     Want  of  milk  in  the  mamma1. 

ISCHOLOCH'IA  or  Ischolochi'a,  Lochios'che* 
sis,  Suppres'sio  fochio'rum,  from  ur^u),  '  1  restrain,' 
and  \o%ua,  'the  lochial  discharge.'  Reten'tio 
lochia' mm.     Suppression  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ISCHOMEXIA.  Amenorrhoea. 

ISC  HONE  UR  ALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 
litcea. 

ISCHOPHONIA.  Balbuties. 

ISCHOSPER'MIA,  from  igXu,  'I  retain,'  and 
a^Epjia,  'sperm;'  Sem'inis  reten'tio.  Retention 
or  suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

ISCHURETTC,  Ischuret'icum.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  A  medicine  for  relieving  suppression 
of  urine.     A  diuretic. 

ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'nep  suppres'sio,  Stoppage  of 
urine,  Suppres'sio  lo'tii,  Paru'ria  retentio' uis  ; 
from  to-^w,  *  I  arrest,'  '  I  retain,'  and  ovpov.  '  urine.' 
Retention  of,  or  impossibility  of  discharging,  t'.;e 
urine, Annrorrhee — Piorry.  Often  restricted  to  sup- 
pression of  the  secretion,  Penal  Ischuria,  Ann'ria, 
Annre'sis,  Xephranu' ria,  Anuroeriuie. — Piorry. 

Ischuria  Vera  is  that  in  which  the  urine,  having 
accumulated  in  the  bladder,  the  patient  is  unable 
to  pass  it.  notwithstanding  the  inclination  which 
constantly  distresses  him.  In  false  ischuria,  Pa- 
ru'ria  inops,  P.  retentio'nis  rena'lis,  Ischuria. 
natha  seu  spu'n'ct,  of  some,  (F.)  Suppression 
d'Urine,  owing  to  some  disease  of  the  kidney  or 
ureters,  the  urine  cannot  reach  the  bladder. 

Ischuria  has  likewise  received  various  other 
!  names,  according  to  the  seat  and  character  of 
the  obstacle  which  opposes  the  exit  of  the  urine: 
hence  the  expressions — Renal,  Ureteric,  Vesical, 
j  Urethral,  and  Calculous  Ischuria.  Vesical  fschn- 
j  ria  is  generally  used  synonymously  with  Reten- 
tion of  Urine,  which  see. 

IsenuRiA    CYSTO-pm.r.GMATiCA,    Cystirrheea  — 

I  i.  Phimosica,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Spasinodica,  Cys- 

j  tospasmus — i.  Spuria,  see  Ischuria — i.  Uretbralia 

a  phimosi,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Vera,  see  Ischuria 

— i.  Vesicalis,  Retention  of  urine. 

ISIC'IUM,  I'sicos,  Insic" ium,  Tomac'ulum, 
Toin'aclum,  Tomac'innm.  A  kiud  of  sausage, 
formed  of  mixed  meat  and  spices. 

ISINGLASS,  Ichthyocolla. 

ISIR.  Elixir. 

ISIS  NOB  1  LIS.  see  Coral. 

ISLAND   OF  REIL,  Insula  cerebri. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
beautiful  island  is  a  favourable  summer  retreat 
for  invalds.  Undercliff  is  the  situation  chosen 
as  a  winter  residence  for  phthisical  valetudina- 
rians. Cowes,  Niton.  Sandown.  Shanklin,  and 
Rvde.  are  delightful  summer  residences. 

ISNARDIA  PALUSTRIS,  Ludwigia  palustria, 

I  S  0  C  II '  R  0  NOUS,  Isoch'ronns,  hock-ron' ins, 
Isod' romus,  from  ioo$,  'equal,'  and  Xi'Ovo^,  '  rime.' 
That  which  takes  place  in  the  same  time,  or  in 
equal  times.  The  pulsations  of  the  arteries,  in 
various  parts  of  the  body,  are  nearly  isochronous, 

ISOCH'RYSON,  Aura  eompar ;  from  iaoc, 
'equal,'  and  xpv<t°s>  'gold.'  A  colJyriuni,  de- 
scribed by  Galen  as  worth  its  weight  in  gold. 
Libavius  has  also  given  this  name  to  an  amal- 
gam, made  with  equal  parts  of  antimony  and 
mercury. 

ISOCRATES,  from  iao<;,  'equal.'  and  xpaToc, 
'strength.'  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  wine  and 
water. — Hippocrates. 


ISODROMUS 


513 


IVROGNERIB 


ISODROMUS,  IsochT 
ISOLUS1  NTE,  see  Polygala  - 

IS'  >M'BR  IC,  /«  "'  'rut. 

hom'orua,  from  <<to>,  'equal,'  and  pcpoc,  'part.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  different  bodies  which 
agree  in  composition,  bat  differ  in  properties. 
i  !::i  'N  i-  terme  1  Taom'eritm. 

ISOMERISM,  si  ■  1-  imeric. 

ISOMORPH  ISM.  Bee  [soraorphous. 

ISOMOR'PHOUS,  homor'phtu,  homor'phicve, 
from  icj„  'equal,'  and  /">,<,'"/.  'form.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  different  bodies  which  have  the  same 
crystalline    form.     The   condition  is   called    ho- 

VI"  i  />■''  it  hi. 

]Sm\  \\i»];  v  GUTT  \.  see  Gutta  percha, 
'ATHI'A,  Itop'nihy,  from  toos,  'equal,' 
and  wadf,  'disease.'  This  term  has  been  used 
by  some  of  the  German  writers  to  signify  the 
cure  of  diseases  by  the  disease  itself,  or  its  pro- 
ducts;  —  under  the  hypothesis,  that  every  con'ta- 
•  tins  in  its  contagious  matter 
the  means  for  its  cure:  —  thus,  that  variola  may 
be  cured  by  homoeopathic  doses  of  variolous 
matter:  syphilis,  with  venereal  matter,  Ac,  &c. 
Others  have  given  to  isopathy  another  form  :  — 
maintaining,  that  every  diseased  organ  lias  its 
remedy  in  the  same  organ, — that  eating  liver,  for 
example,  will  remove  disease  of  the  liver! 

1  lathia  has  been  used  by  an  American  writer 
—  Dr.  J.  M.  B.   Harden,   of  Georgia  —  to  mean 

'lei turn   of  Di .■"  "the  disposition  of 

'anastomose  with  each  other,'  or  to 
wear  each  other's  livery." 

ISSUE,  Fonticulus  —  i.  Peas,  Aurantia  curas- 
Baventia.  see  Fonticulus. 

ISTinii:  DUGOSIER,  Isthmus  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMION,  Isthmus,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMl'TIS",  [uflamma'tio  Fau'cium  sen  Pa- 
[iigi'na  simplex  sen  mitis  seu  fau'cium, 
Angor  fau'cium,  Cynan'che  simplex,  (F.)  Angine 
rimple,  from  inthmus,  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  isthmus  faucium, 
and  of  the  fauces.  See  Cynanche  pharyngea, 
and  Angina. 

ISTHMIUM,  Isthmus. 

ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS;  from  io6no<,  'the 
faces,'  and  Karap^uos,   'catarrh.'     Catarrh  of  the 

Braces. 

ISTHMODYN'IA,  from  taBnos,  'the  fauces,' 
and  oivvrj,  'pain.'      Pain  in  the  fauces. 

BTHMOPLE'GIA  j    from   «r0,/o?,    'the  fauces,' 
and  x\nyn,  'a  stroke.'      Paralysis  of  the  fauces. 
ISTHMOS,  Pharynx. 
I8THM0TYPHUS,  Cynanche  maligna. 
ISTHMUS,   hth'minn,   hth'mium,   (F.)  Isthme. 
16  of  land  joining  a  peninsula   to  a  conti- 
r  which   separates   two  Beas.     Anatomists 
riven    the   name   hthmus  of  <]>>-   Fa 
/'""''•  "in    Gut'tufis,   (F.)    Ttthme   dn 

dl    which   -•  month 

from  the  pharynx.     It  is  formed  above  by  the 
velum  palati  and  uvula:  at  the  sides,  by  the  pil- 
1< :  and  below,  by 
of  the  tongue.     Also,  the  I 
Istiim  is  or  tiik  ExcEHH'ALO!*.     The  narrowed 
irtion  of  the  encephalic  mass, 
situate  between  the  cerebrum,  the  cerebellum  and 
the  medulla  oblongata,  which  corresponds  to  the 
tree  margin  of  the  tentorium  cerehelli,  and  eom- 
irolii,  and  middle  pedun 

rebellum,  the  peduncles  of  tfa rebrnm, 

the  tabereula  quadrigemina,  the  superior  pedun- 
cles  of  the  cerebellum,  and  the  \.i 
sens. — Craveilhier. 

l'  ■—  \  Ova'lis:  !*th,ini*  v.:  u». 
*'"'"•  s  promi- 

nent areh  formed  above  the  •  i,v  the 

union  of  the  two  pillars  which  hound  the  cavity. 
33  J 


IgTHVUfl  of  the  Thyroid  GlAITD  is  a  narrow 
band  that  unite.-  the  two  chief  lobules  composing 
the  thyroid  gland. 

Isthmus  Hrpatts,  see  Lohulns  anonymna  —  i. 
Urethra?,  see  Urethra  —  i.  Uteri,  see  Uterus  —  i. 

Vieussenii,  Isthmus  of  the  fossa  ovalis,  sec  Ovalis 

fossa. 

ITALIAN  JUICE,  Extrnctum  glvcvrrhi/.n?. 

I  IAI.lt  I  s  MORBUS,  Syphilis. 

ITCH,  Psora — i.  Animalcule,  see  Psora — i.  of 
Animals,  Scabies  ferina. 

1 1 en,  Bakbrs',  see  Psoriasis —  i.  Barbei 
cosis — i.  Bricklayers',  Eosema  impetiginodes. 

Itch,  CoWPOX.  A  cutaneous  eruption,  oh. 
served  and  described  by  (Jobs,  which  appeared 
after  the  fourteenth  day  from  vaccination,  and 
consisted  of  isolated  vesicles,  often  filled  with  a 
puriform  fluid. 

ITCH,  DRUNKARDS',  Psora  ebriorum  —  i.  Grro- 
cers',  Bee  Psoriasis. 

I  i'  :i  IlfSRCT,  see  Psora — i.  Mite,  see  Psora. 

Itch,  Vrbtbreal,  Seherlievo. 

Itch  Will),  Yeratrum  viride. 

ITCIIIX*!,  Parap'sit pruri'tua,  Antal'gia  prtt- 
rigino'sa,  Pruri'tue,  Pmri'got  Cnesmos,  Cneama, 
(Se.)  Youk,  Yukc,  (F.)  Prurit.  DSmangeainon. 
A  sensation,  more  inconvenient  than  painful, 
seated  especially  at  the  surface  of  the  body,  which 
provokes  the  patient  to  scratch  the  part.  It  may 
be  either  an  external  or  an  internal  sensation: 
that  is,  produced  by  an  external  body,  or  by  BOine 
modification  in  the  organic  actions  of  the  part  to 
which  it  is  referred. 

ITEA,  Salix. 

ITER    A    TERTIO   AD    QUARTUM    VEX- 

TRICULUM,  Aquseductus  Sylvii— i.  Dentis,  see 

|  Gubernacuhun  dentis  —  i.  Femineum,  Perinaeum 

—  i.  ad  Infnndibulum,  Vulva  —  i.  a  Palato  ad 
Aurem,  Eustachian  tube  —  i.  ad  Quartum  rentri- 
culum,  Aqua'ductus  Sylvii — i.  ad  Tertium  ventri- 
culum,  Vulva — i.  Urine,  Urethra — i.  Drinarium, 

1  Urethra. 

ITHTPHAL'LUS,  from  <Su?.  'straight.'  and 
<},a\\o$,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of  an 
erect  penis,  anciently  worn  round  the  neck,  to 
which  were  attributed  alexiterial  properties. 

ITINERARIUM,  Conductor,  Director. 

ITIS,  from  irr,i,  'bold,'  'rash.'  [?].  A  suffix: 
denoting  inflammation  ; — as  encephal///*,  inflam- 
mation of  the  encephalon ; — Pleurttts,  inflam- 
mation of  the  pleura.  According  to  some,  as 
Kraus,  encephalrtfr,  for  example,  was.  with  the 
ancients,  the  adjective  agreeing  with  mans,  'a 
.'  understood  to  express  a  disease  of  the 
encephalon,  and  it  was  only  in  modern  limes,  that 
the  sullix  was  used  to  denote  inflammation. 

IV A,  Teucrium  iva  —  i.  Arthritica,  Teacriura 
chamsepitys — i.  Mosobata  Monspeliensium,  Teu- 
crium iva — i.  Peeanga,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

IVETTE  MUSQUEE,  Teucrium  iva  —  /.  Pe- 

tiir,  Teucrium  cliauncpitys. 

1  VOI HI!.   Ivory. 

IVORY,  Ebur,  El'epha*,  (F.)  Tvm're.  The  tu*k 
of  the  elephant.  It  is  chiefly  Oom posed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  is  nsed  for  the  fabrication  of 
IS,  artificial  teeth,  handles  of  instruments, 
.Vc.  Formerly,  when  calcine, 1  to  white' 
entered  into  -..me  pharmaceutical  preparation?. 
It  was  regarded  as  astringent  and  anthelmintic, 
and  was  called  Spo'dium. 

T'ne  dentine   is   the   ivory  of  the  human   tooth. 
ioth. 

Ivonv,  Black,  see  Carbo  animalis  —  i.  V ego- 
table.  Pbytelepbas  maeroe 

IVRAIE,  Loliura  temulentum. 

IVRESSE,  Temulentia— i.  fodiqne,  sec  Iodine 

—  r\  Quiniqnr,  Qurninism. 
IVROQNERIE,  see  Temulentia, 


IVY 


514 


JATROPHA  MANIHOT 


IVY,  Hedera  helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia —  i. 
American,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia — i.  Big,  Kal- 
mia latifolia — i.  Fine-leaved,  Ainpelopsia  quin- 
quefolia— i.  Ground,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

IXIA,  Varix,  Visoum  album. 

IX  I  XL'],  Atractyius  guuiinifera. 

IX lit,  Elixir. 

IXOS,  Yiscuui  album. 


IXUS.  Galium  aparine. 

IXYOMYKLI'TIS,  from  tfuj,  'the  lumbar  re- 
gion,' pve\os,  'marrow,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow  in 
the  lumbar  region. 

IXYS,  t£uj,  Ix'ya,  Ix'ye.  Used  by  different 
authors  for  the  ilia,  flanks,  and  loins;  most  fre- 
quently for  the  last. 


J. 


JABOT.  In plu vies. 

JACA  IX DIC A,  Thymus  mastichina. 

JACEA,  Tricolor,  Viola  Tricolor— j.  Ramosis- 
sima,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

JACEN3,  Sick. 

JACK  OF  THE  BUTTERY,  Sedura  acre— j. 
in  the  Hedge,  Alliaria. 

JACKET,  BARK.  A  jacket  of  flannel  or  cot- 
ton in  which  powdered  bark  is  quilted.  It  is 
occasionally  worn  as  an  antiperiodic  and  tonic. 

JACKSON'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  Linimen- 
tum  saponis  composituin. 

JACOBvEA,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 

J  AGO  BEE,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 

JACOB'S  COAT,  Tunica  Jacobi— j.'s  Ladder, 
false,  Polemonium  reptans — j.'s  Membrane,  Tu- 
nica Jacobi — j.'s  Ulcer,  Lupus. 

JACOBSON,  VENOUS  SYSTEM  OF,  see  Ve- 
nous system. 

JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS,  see  Petrosal 
ganglion. 

JACTA'TION,  Jactita'tion,  Jacta'tio,Jacta'tus, 
Rhiptas'mos,  Jactita'tio,  from  jactare,  'to  toss 
about.'  Extreme  anxiety  ;  excessive  restlessness; 
■ — a  symptom  observed  in  serious  diseases.. 

JACTITATIO,  Inquietude,  Jactation. 

JADE  NEPHRITE  ou  ORIENT  ALE,  Ne- 
phreticus  lapis. 

JAGGERY,  Spirit  Arrack,  see  Toddy. 

JAGRE,  see  TarL 
,  JALAP,  Convolvulus  jalapa,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra — /.  Plane,  Convolvulus  mechoacan — j. 
Cancer  root,  Phytolacca  decandra — j.  Fusiform, 
light  male,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa — j.  Wild,  Con- 
volvulus panduratus. 

JALAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPIUM,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPPA.  Convolvulus  jalapa — j.  Alba,  Con- 
volvulus mechoacan. 

JALEYRAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues  from  Mau- 
riac,  in  France,  on  the  road  from  Clermont  in 
Auvergne.  The  waters  contain  lime  and  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  and  are  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  ape- 
rient, <fcc. 

JALOPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JAMAICA,  see  West  Indies— j.  Bark  tree, 
Bursera  gummifera. 

JAMAICINE,  see  Geoffraea  inermis. 

JAMBES  DE  BAR  BADE,  see  Elephantiasis 
— j.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

J  AM  BIER,  Tibial—  j.  Anterieur,  Tibialis  an- 
ticus — j.  Grele,  Plantar  muscle — j.  Posterieur, 
Tibialis  posticus. 

JAMES'S  ANALEPTIC  PILLS,  see  Ana- 
k'ptica. 

JAMESTOWN  WEED.  Datura  stramonium. 

JANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

JANDERS,  Icterus. 


JA'NICEPS,  from  Janus,  a  divinity  with  two 
faces,  and  caput,  'head.'  A  double  monster,  the 
two  bodies  intimately  united  above  a  common 
umbilicus;  and  a  double  head,  with  the  face3 
Looking  in  opposite  directions. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

JANIPIIA  MANIHOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 

JANITOR.  Pvlorus. 

JANITRIX,  Porta  vena. 

J  AN  ON-  TARENTISME,  Tarantismus. 

JANUS,  Dicephalus. 

JAQUIER,  Artocarpus. 

J  ARRET,  Poples. 

J  ARRET  IE  R,  Poplitaeus  muscle,  Hamstring. 

JARRETIERE  (F.),  Peris'celis,  a  garter, 
from  garetum  or  garretum,  in  low  Latin,  the  ham. 
A  kind  of  furfuraceous  herpes,  which  occupies 
the  part  of  the  leg  where  the  garter  is  worn. 

JASMIN,  Jasminum  officinale. 

JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  Coffea  Arabum. 

Jas'minum  Officinale,  Jasm inum,Jesem 'inum, 
the  Jcs'samine,  (F.)  Jasmin.  Ord.  Jasmhieae. 
The  flowers  of  this  beautiful  plant  have  a  very 
fragrant  smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They  afford, 
by  distillation,  an  essential  oil;  which  is  much 
esteemed  in  Italy,  for  rubbing  paralytic  limbs, 
and  in  the  cure  of  rheumatic  pains. 

JASPER,  Jaspis. 

JASPIS,  Jasper.  A  precious  stone,  supposed 
by  the  ancients  to  be  capable  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage when  worn  as  an  amulet. 

JATAMANSI.  Sumbul. 

JAT'ROPHA  CURCAS,  (from  taoyiai,  'I  heal/ 
and  Tf>s(pw,  'I  nourish.')  Rie"inus  major,  Riei- 
no'i'des,  Pi'neus  seu  Ourcas  purgans,  Pinho'nes 
In'dici,  Eaba  cathar'tiea,  AveUa'na  cathar'tiea, 
Nnx  cathar'tiea  America'na  seu  Barbadcn'sis, 
Physic  Nut,  (F.)  Pignon  d'Inde,  Sfidieinier  co- 
thartique.  Grand  haricot  de  Perou,  Pignon  de 
Barbarie,  Noix  cathartique,  N.  Amerieaine  ou 
des  Barbades.  Nat.  Order,  Euphorbiacea1.  The 
seeds  of  this  plant  afford  a  quantity  of  oil,  given, 
in  many  places,  like  the  castor  oil;  to  which,  in- 
deed, it  is  nearly  allied.  They  contain  a  peculiar 
acid,  the  Jatraphic  or  Igasnric. 

The  seeds  of  Jatropha  Multif'ida  are  called 
Purging  Nuts,  and  give  out  a  similar  oil. 

Jatkopha  Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

Jatropha  Man'ihot,  Jan'ipha  Man'ihot,  Man- 
ihot utiliss'ima,  Bitter  Gassa'va.  The  plant  af- 
fording the  Gassa'da  or  Gassa'va  Root,  Gaca'vi, 
Gassa've,  Cazabi,  Pain  de  Madagascar,  Ric"iuu8 
Minor,  Man'ioc,  JTandiac,  Maguoc,  Maniot,  Yucca, 
Maniibar,  Aipi,  Aipima  eoxera,  Aipipoca,  Jani- 
pha.  The  juice  of  the  root  is  extremely  acrid 
and  poisonous.  What  remains,  after  expressing 
it,  is  made  into  cakes  or  meal  ;  of  which  the  cas- 
sada  or  cassava  bread  is  formed.  This  bread 
constitutes  a  principal  food  of  the  inhabitants  of 
those  parts  where  it  grows. 

The  fecula  of  the  root  forms  Tapioca,  Cipipa, 
Fec'ula  Tapio'ka,  Am'ylum  manihot' i cum,  which 


JAUXDERS 


51 


JUGALIS 


is  very  nutritions.     It  may  be  prepared  in   the 
nme  manner  m  - 

A  factitious  Tapioca  is  met  with  in  the  shops, 

which  is  in  very  .-mall,  smooth,  spherical  {Trains, 
pared  from  potato  starch. 
It  i-  sold  under  the  name  pearl  tapioca. 

Jatropha  Orens.  A  most  deadly  plant.  The 
touch  of  its  live  bristly  Btingfl  had  nearly  cost 
Mr.  Smith,  the  curator  of  Kew  gardens,  his  life. 

JAUNDER8,  rcterus. 

JAUNDICE,   Icterus—  j.  Black,  Melaena— j. 
.    icterus   vir'nlis — j.  Lead,  Icterus  satur- 
ninua — i.  Red.  Phenigmns. 

JAUNE,  Yellow—/.  d'CEuf,  see  Ovum. 

JAUNrSSE,  icterus. 

.1  WV  BONE,  Maxillary  Rone. 

JAW-DISEASE,  PHOSPHORUS,  see  Phos- 
phorus. 

JBAN-DE-GLAINES,  ST.,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues 
from  Billom  in  Auvcrgne.  They  contain  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  magnesia;  dis- 
solved in  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 

JBANNETTE,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

JECINUS,  Liver. 

JECORAFRE,  Hepatic. 

JECORAL,  Hepatic. 

.1  BCORARIA,  Marchantia  polymorphia. 

JECOB  LRIUS,  Elepateros,  Hepatic. 

JECORIS   VOMICA,  see  Hepatitis. 

JECTIGA'TIO.  A  word  used  by  Van  Helmont 
for  a  species  of  epilepsy  or  convulsion. 

JECUR,  Liver — j.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 

JEFFERSO'NIA    BARTO'XL   J.    Diplyl'la, 

Common     Twinleaf,     Yellow     Root,    Rheumatism 

ei    I'"i(,    Ground   Squirrel    Pea.     An 

nous  plant,  belonging  to  Nat.  Ord.  Berbe- 

Syal.  Octandria   Monogynia;  which 

--•'3  medical  properties  analogous  to  those 

of  hydrastis. 

JEJUNITAS,  Hunger. 

JEJTJNI'TIS;  a  term  of  hybrid  formation, — 
from  Jejunum,  'the  intestine  jejunum.' and  itia, 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  jejunum. 

JBJUNIUM,  Ilun-er.  Fasting. 

JBJD'NUM,    from    jejunua,    'empty:'    Neatia, 

mom;.  Netti'o,     The  part  of  the  small  intestine 

comprised  between  the  duodenum  and  ileum.     It 

called,  because  it  is  almost  always 

■mpty  in  the  dead  body. 

JELLY,  Gelly— j.  of  the  Cord.  Gelatin  of 
Wharton — j.  Rice,  see  Oryza — j.  Water,  Bra- 
eenia  hydropeltis. 

JENEPERE,  Juniporns  communis. 

J I :  \  K  [NSONIA   A  X  Til)  V S  i:  N  TERICA,  Pe- 
oiii  antidysentericum. 

.'  I'll1  row-poison. 

.1  i:  I:  K  I  N<;  RESPIRATION,  Respiration, 
jerV 

JERKS,  pee  Mania,  dancing. 

ROFPLERIS,  Dianthus  •  .rvophvllus. 

■I  BR8  BY,    CLIMATE   OP.     Jersey   is  the 

•  of  the  islands  of  the  British  Channel,  and 
i<    most     frequented     by    invalids.       Its    climate 
■•  resembles   that  <.f  the   Bouth-wesl 
j   uid.  and  especially  of  Penzance,  and  it  is 
•■  1  to  the  name  elasi  of  invalids. 
LU8ALEM  OAK  OP  AMERICA,  Cheno- 
unthelminticum. 
JESRMINUM,  Jasniinnm  officinal,'. 

3  IMINE,  Jasmin nm  officinale — j.  Yellow, 

m  nitidum. 
rCUCU,  Batata  de  pm 
.//''' N  rESSE,   \  ■!  .lescence. 

1U8H,  Pedilanthus  tithymal 
JEWEL  WEED,  Impatient  balsamlna. 


JEW'S  EAR.  Pexixa  auricula— j.  Harp,  Tril- 
lium lattfolium. 

JIGGER,  Chiqne. 

JIMPSON   WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JIM8T0N  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JIZZEN  BED,  Ree  Parturition. 

JO  \\m:m  \  PRINCEPS,  A., da. 

JOANNETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  springs  are  found  at  Joannette,  about 
five  leagues  from  Angers,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  both  cold  and  warm,  and  contain  sulphate  of 
lime:  Bubcarbonate  of  soda:  chloride  of  .-odium; 
some  iron  ;  chloride  of  calcium,  and,  sometimes, 
a  kind  of  saponaceous  matter.  They  are  chiefly 
used  as  a  tonic  in  chlorosis,  leucorrhoen,  <tc. 

JOE  PYE,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  and  E. 
purpurenm. 

JOHNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Jobne 
is  a  village  near  Dol  in  Franehe-Comte,  France, 
where  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  contains  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  Bubcarbonates  of  magne- 
sia and  iron.  It  is  used  chiefly  as  a  bath  in 
certain  diseases  of  the  skin,  and  in  atonic  affec- 
tions. 

JOINT,  Articulation—j.  Ball  and  Pocket.  En- 
arthrosis — j.  Dove-tail,  Suture — j.  Stiff,  Anky- 
losis. 

JONAS.  Icterus. 

Jonas,  Miner  w.  Waters  op.  This  spring  is 
situate  to  the  south-west  of  Bourbon -1' Arch  am - 
bault,  in  France.  The  waters  contain  chloride 
of  calcium  and  sulphate  of  lime;  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda  :  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas.  They  are  tonic  and 
aperient. 

JORDAN'S  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRIXOS. 
These  are  in  Virginia,  five  or  six  miles  from  Win- 
chester. They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  sul- 
phureous springs  in  general. 

JOT-GUT,  Rectum. 

JOUAN,  ST.,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  St. 
Jouan  is  a  village,  near  Saint-Malo,  in  France. 
The  water  is  a  cold  chalybeate. 

JOUBARBE  ACRE,  Sednm—  j.  dea  Toft*, 
Sempervivutn  tectorum — j.  den  Vignea,  Sedum 
telephium. 

JOTE.  Genu. 

JO U  LOS.  Julus. 

JOUR.  Dies. 

JOURS  CANICUL  AIRES,  Dog  days  -^j. 
Critique*,  Critical  days  —  /.  fndienteura,  Indi- 
cating days  —  /.  Paroxyntiquee,  see  Paroxyntie. 

JOVIS'FLOS,  Crocus— j.  Clans,  Juglans. 

JUCATO  CALLELOE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

JUDyE'US,  Juda'icua  sen  Phamiei'tea  Lapie, 
Terol'ithoa,  (F.)  Pierre  Jndniqite.  A  stone, 
found  in  Judsea,  Palestine,  Ac.  Called,  also, 
Lapia  Syriacwa.  It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be 
diuretic  and  lithontriptic. 

JUDGMENT,  Judie"inm,  (F.)  Jugtment.  Tho 
faculty  of  the  intellect,  by  which  ideas  are  com- 
pared with  each  other,  and  their  relative  worth 
appreciated. 

JUDTCATOBTT  DIES,  Critical  days. 

JUDICIUM,  Judgment. 

.110  A  ALVEOLARIA,  see  Alveolar  arches. 

Jn'oA  CRRRBRA'LIA.  Prominences  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  hones  of  the  cranium,  between  the 
digital  impressions. 

JUGAL,   Zygomatic — j.   Process,  Zygomatic 

pr is. 

.he at,  Region,  Re'gio  Juga'lia.  The  region 
I  of  the  check-bone. 

JUG  \I.K    08,   Mala?  03. 

JUGALIS.  Zygomatic. 

JOOALU  SoTO'rA,  from  {ry»v,  jvqmn,  (from 
jnngere,    iunctum,    'to    join.'l    •  a  yoke.'      Tho 

suture  which  unites  the  Oa  Mules  or  Oa  Juga'li 


JUGEMENT 


516 


JUNIPERUS   COMMUNIS 


with  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Also,  the 
sagittal  suture. 

JUGEMENT,  Judgment. 

JUGEOLINE,  Sesamum  orientale. 

JUG  LANS,  BLACK.  J.  nigra. 

JUGLANS  CiNER'jSA  (Jn-glans,  quasi  Jovis  glans), 
Butter  or  0(7  Nut,  White  Walnut.  Ord.  Juglan- 
daceae.  The  inner  bark  of  the  root  of  this  tree, 
Juglans  (Ph.  LT.  S.),  which  is  abundant  in  the 
United  States,  is  used  in  medicine,  in  the  form 
of  extract,  as  an  efficacious  and  mild  laxative,  in 
doses  of  from  10  to  20  grains.  It  is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Juglans  Nigra,  Black  Juglans,  Black  Walnut ; 
indigenous.  The  rind  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  said 
to  remove  ringworm  and  tetter.  A  decoction  has 
been  given  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Juglans  Re'gta,  Juglans,  Nux  Juglans,  Garya 

basil' ica,  xapva,  Caryn.  The  Walnut,  French 
nut,  (F.)  Noyer,  the  tree:  Noix,  the  nut,  icapvov, 
Car'yon.  The  unripe  fruit,  in  the  state  in  which 
it  is  pickled,  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  anthel- 
mintic. The  put  amen  or  green  rind  of  the  walnut 
has  been  celebrated  a?  a  powerful  antisyphilitic, 
and  used  as  a  sort  of  diet  drink.  The  kernel  is 
an  agreeable  article  of  dessert:  but,  like  all  nuts, 
is  difficult  of  digestion.  The  expressed  oil,  ffuile 
de  Noix,  is  used  in  France  as  an  aliment,  and, 
like  other  fixed  oils,  is  laxative. 

Various  preparations  of  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  in  scrofulous  affections. 

JUG'ULAR,  Jugnla'ris,  from  jugidum,  (itself 
from  jug  urn,  because  the  'yoke'  was  attached 
there,)  'the  throat.'     Relating  to  the  throat. 

Jugular  Fossa,  Fossa  Jugula'ris,  is  a  cavity 
in  the  petro-oecipital  suture.  It  is  formed  by  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  by  the 
occipital  bone,  and  lodges  the  origin  of  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  It  is,  sometimes,  called  thimble- 
like cavity. 

Jugular  Veins,  Vena>  Jngula'res  sen  sphagit'- 
ides  seu  apoplec'tica?  seu  sopora'les.  These  are 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  anterior  parts  of  the 
neck.  They  are  two  on  each  side;  one  external, 
the  otber  internal.  1.  The  External  Jugular 
Vein,  Irachelo-sous-cutanee,  (Ch.)  is  of  less  size 
than  the  internal.  It  descends,  almost  vertically, 
along  the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck, 
from  the  cervix  of  the  lower  jaw  to  the  subcla- 
vian vein,  into  which  it  opens,  a  little  above  the 
internal  jugular.  It  is  formed  by  the  internal 
maxillary,  superficial  temporal,  and  posterior  nu- 
rieular  reins.  It  is  this  vein  which  is  commonly 
opened  in  bleeding  in  the  neck.  2.  The  Internal 
Jugular  Vein,  V.  Cephalique  (Ch.),  Vena  apo- 
plec'tiea,  is  much  larger,  and  more  deeply  seated 
than  the  preceding.  It  descends,  vertically,  along 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius  as 
far  as  the  subclavian  vein.  It  commences  at  the 
sinus  of  the  jugular  vein,  (F.)  Golfe  de  la  veine 
jugnlaire,  and  receives  the  blood,  which  returns 
by  the  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  that  of  the 
facial,  lingual,  pharyngeal,  superior  thyroid,  oc- 
cipital, and  diploic  veins. 

JUGULUM,  Clavicle,  Throat— j.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

JUGUM  PENIS,  Presse-urhhre. 

JUICE.  EXPRESSED,  see  Suecus. 

JU'JUBE,  Jujuba,  Ziz'yphum,  Bacca?  jujubes, 
B.  Ziz'yphi.  A  word  of  Arabic  origin.  The 
fruit  of  Rhamnus  Ziz'yphus  seu  Ziz'yphus  vulga'- 
ris.  Ord.  Rhamneae.  A  native  of  the  south  of 
Europe.  It  was  formerly  ranked  amongst  the 
pectoral  fruits.  It  has  an  agreeable  sweet  taste. 
The  fruits  of  two  other  species  of  Zizyphus  —  Z. 
jujuba,  Rhamnus  jujuba,  Mansana  arbo'rea,  a 
native  of  the  East  Indies,  and  Z.  lotus,  Rhamnus 


lotus,  Zizyphus  nit'ida  seu  sati'va  seu  sylves'tris, 
growing  in  North  Africa,  possess  properties  simi- 
lar to  those  of  Zizyphus  vulgaris. 

Jujube  Paste,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

JULAPIUM,  Julep — j.  Camphorae,  Mistura 
Camphors. 

JULEB,  Julep. 

JULEP,  Jula'pium,  Jule'pus,  Zula'pium,  Ju- 
leb  of  the  Persians.  A  sweet  drink.  A  demul- 
cent, acidulous  or  mucilaginous  mixture. 

Julep,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphorae — j.  Cam- 
phri,  Mistura  camphorae — j.  Chalk,  Mistuia 
cretae — j.  Mint,  see  Mint  julep. 

JULUS,  Julos,  loulos,  wuAoj.  The  first  down 
that  appears  upon  the  chin. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

JUM,  Lolium  temulentum. 

JUMBLE  BEADS,  see  Abrus  precatorius. 

JUMEAU,  Gemellus, 

JUM  FAUX  DF  LA  JAM  BE,  Gastrocnemii. 

JVM  FILE,  Gemellus. 

JUMEXTOUS   URIXE.  Urine  jumenteuse. 

JUMPERS,  see  Convuhionnaire. 

jrXCTURA,  Articulation. 

JUXCUS  ODORA'TUS,  from  jungere,junct»m, 
'to  join,'  in  allusion  to  the  use  of  rushes  for 
bands.  [?]  Andrcpo'gon  schuuan'thus  seu  bieor'- 
vis  seu  citra'tus  seu  dtriodo'rus,  Cymbopo'  gon 
schaenan'thus,  Fornum  camelo'rum,  Jtincns  aromat'- 
icus,  Camel's  hay,  Sweet  rush,  Schaznan'thus, 
Schapnan'thum,  Sccenan'thum,  Gal'amus  odura'tns, 
Squinan'thus,  Gramen  orienta'le,  (F.)  Jonc  odo- 
rant,  Foin  de  chameau.  Ord.  Gramineae.  The 
dried  plant,  which  is  generally  procured  from 
Turkey  and  Arabia,  has  an  agreeable  smell,  and 
a  warm,  bitterish  taste.  It  was  formerly  used  as 
a  stomachic  and  deobstruent. 

JUNGLE  FEVER.  A  variety  of  remittent 
occurring  in  the  jungle  districts  of  India. 

JUNIPER  TREE,  Juniperus  communis. 

JUNIP'ERUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  juniper  berries. 

JUNIP'ERUS  COMMU'NTS,  J.  Suec"ica,  Ar- 
ceu'thos,  Ju'niper  tree  ;  Akat'alis,  Akat'era,  (Sc.) 
Jenepere.  Family,  Coniferaa.  Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia 
Monadelphia.  The  berries,  Junip'erus  (Ph.  V. 
S.),  (Sc.)  Eatin -berries,  Etnagh-berries,  are  or- 
dered in  the  pharmacopoeias.  Their  odour  is 
strong,  but  not  unpleasant.  Taste  warm,  pun- 
gent. Properties  dependent  upon  essential  oil, 
which  they  yield  to  both  water  and  alcohol. 
Dose,  ^j  to  %>*,  rubbed  with  sugar.  In  Hol- 
land, juniper  berries  are  used  for  flavouring 
<rin.  The  oil,  O'leum  jnnip'eri,  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.  It  is  called,  by  Ruland, 
Targar.  (V.)  Genevrier  (the  plant),  Gcnievre 
(the  berry). 

Junipekus  Lycta.  This  plant — Thu'rea,  Th. 
virga.  Arbor  thurif'era —  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  true  frankincense,  Cedros  Olib'anum, 
Tints  Libano'tos,  Libano'tum,  Lib' anas,  Tims 
mas'culum,  Thus  verum,  (F.)  Encens.  By  some, 
however,  it  is  supposed  to  he  the  produce  of  an 
Am'yris,  and  by  others  of  Bosivel'lia  serra'ta.  or 
B.  thurifera.  The  odour  of  olibanum  is  peculiar 
and  aromatic;  taste  bitterish  and  slightly  pun- 
gent; partly  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  forming  a 
milky  emulsion,  when  triturated  with  water.  It 
was  formerly  used  in  dysentery  and  haemoptysis, 
but  is  now  never  employed  except  as  a  perfume 
in  a  sick  room. 

JUNIPERUS  Oxvce'urus.  (F.)  Genevrier  Oxyre- 
dre,  Cade,  Oxicedre,  Oxycedre.  grows  in  the 
south  of  Europe,  Siberia,  &o.  By  combustion  of 
the  wood,  a  liquid  tar,  O'leum  ca'dinum,  Jnnip'- 
eri o'leum  empyreumat' icum.  Oil  of  Cade,  (V.) 
Huile  de  Cade  ou  de  Genevrier,  is  obtained,  which 
is  employed  externally  in  various  chronic  cuta- 
neous and  other  diseases. 

JuxiPERUS  SABl'NA,  Sabi'na,  S.  sier'ilis,  Savi'- 


JUNK 


51 


KALIUM   IODATl M 


no,  Bntta,  Cedru*   '  Common   or   ! 

ttkron, 
■in-.  S-ivim'i  r.     The  odonr  of  savin  tops, 
•  of  the  pharmacopoeias,  is  strong  and  dis- 
:  ot,  acrid,  and  bitter,  depend- 
-  intial  «>il.    Their  operation  ia  stimu- 
l:int,  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  abortive  : 
lly,  escharotic.     Pose,  internally,  i.rr.  v  t<> 
x  of  the  powder.     As  an  escharotie,  they  are  ap- 
j.liotl  in  powder  or  formed  into  a  cerate.     The 
,i  Sabi'u<e  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  the 
,  two  to  five  drops. 
\.  .).  eoramani8. 
INIA'na,  /.'•  'I  <■•  dar.    Tliis  tree 
mi  throughout   the  United   States   by  the 
'm .  and  is  often  used  for  the  Bame 
es.     The   tops   Bnd   leaves  are   officinal  in 
t  of  the  United  States. 
JUNK.  Pad. 

.ti  NO  LUCINA,  Hithyia. 
JUNO'S    I  i:  KB.S,  Verbena  officinalis. 
.11  1M  1  ER, 

.11  PITER'S  BEARD,  Serapervivum  tectornm. 

.11   i;i  l:\i.I.    Enribali.      A   tree  in   the   forests 

ot*   Pomeroon.     F>nn.    Meliaceae.     Class,    Octan- 

ynia.      The    hark    is 

febrifuge,  and  may  be  given   in  powder  or  infu- 

aq.  bullient.  Oij.) 

JURISPRUDENCE,   MED'ICAL,  from  jus, 

mot's,  'law,'  and  prudeutia,  'knowledge.'    Juria- 

t'tia    iled'ica.     This  word    is    often  used 

rmously   with    I.i'j"l  Medicine.      It    is    at 

employed  for  the  embodied  laws  and  regu- 

that  relate  to  the  teaching  and  practice 

of  med 

JURY  OF  MATRONS.    A  jury  formed  of  wo- 
men empanelled  under  a  writ  de   ventre  inepici- 
to   try  the  question,   whether  a  woman  is 
with  child  or  not. 

rid'ium,  Sm-hii" io,  Sur'litum. 
Soup,  hroth,  Jua'culum  or  bouillon. 


,Ti rg  Boynrrm,  Beef-ten — f.  Coagulatum,  Ollr. 

JUS  D'HERBES  (F.j.    'The  juice    Of  certain 

vegetables  administered  as  depuratives ;  as  that 

of  fumitory,  burdock,  water  trefoil,  Ac. 

.!  ii  \n  m,  Gelly  — /.  <l<  Rfgh 
cyrrhizH  —  /.  de  Viande,  see  Bouillon. 

JUSC1   I.  I'M,  see  Jus. 

.Us/:/-'  [¥.).  An  aqueous  maeeraium  of  tan. 
Coarsely  powdered,  in  which  the  skins  of  animals 
have  been  Bteeped  for  a  time,  in  the  preparation 
of  leather.  An  extract  has  been  prepared  from 
this,  which  has  been  prescribed  in  syrup  and  in 
1  * i  1 1  :  each  |>ill  containing  about  a  grain  and  a  half 
of  the  extract;  and  two  being  taken  daily  in 
phthisis,  anil  in  general  debility  connected  with 
scrofula  and  rickets.  —  Barrnel. 

JUSQUIAMJNE,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSQUIAMUS,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSQUTAUME,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSTICIA  IJIVALYIS,  Adulasso— j.  Adha- 
toda,  Adhatoda. 

J0STIC"IA  ECBOL'lUM,  Cnrim  curini.  A  Mala- 
bar plant,  the  root  of  which,  and  the  leaves,  in 
decoction,  are  considered  in  the  country  to  he 
lithontriptic. 

JusnciA  Prctora'us.  A  West  India  plant, 
which  is  slightly  astringent.  (F.)  Carmantinc, 
c.  Peetorale,  fferbe  aux  Charpentiera. 

Jl'YANS,  pi.  Juvmiii a,  Aii.ri/'iiiiit,  Remed'iunu 
A  medicine  or  substance  of  any  kind,  which  re- 
lieves a  disorder.      An  Adjuvant. 

JUVENIS,  Adolescens. 

JUVENTA,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTA  S,  Adolescence,  Hehe. 

JUVENTUS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUXTAPOSITION,  J,u tapo*it"io,  from 
juxta,  'near  to,'  and  ponere,  poaitum,  '  to  place.' 
The  mode  of  increase  proper  to  minerals;  which 
consists  in  the  successive  application  of  new 
molecules  upon  those  that  form  the  primitive 
nucleus.     It  is  opposed  to  intuaauaception. 


K. 


A*.  />'. — Most  of  the  terms  under  K,  derived  from  the  Greek,  are  found  under  the  letter  C. 


K.     Tbij  letter  was  formerly  used  to  designate 

I  of  peld. 
K  \  \i  II.  Catechu. 
KAAWY.     Ancient  name  of  an  Indian  drink, 

••  LA.  Cabal. 

4PFERIA  GALANQA,see  Maranta  ga- 
lanca. 

atjBMPPB'RM   Rottjw'da.     Called  after  Esemp- 

naturalist    Zedoa'rin,  Z.  rotun'da,  Amo'- 

mhm  u  'chicum  Zeylan'icum,   Cur ch' • 

tmat'ica,    Zed'oary,    (F.)    Zfdomre    rond. 

I  ngiberaceae.     The  roots  of  this  Ceylonese 

plant    I  int    smell,  ami  warm,  bitterish, 

aromatic  taste.    They  are  in  wrinkled,  gray,  ash- 

eoloored,  heavy,  firm,  short  |  brown- 

I    colour   within:    and    are    stimulant    and 

carminative.     Dose,  J)}  to  t^j  of  the  powder. 

loarv   i<   fur- 
:  by  Curcuma  ternntbet ;  the  long,  Zedoa'ria 
'•■v  Curcuma.  :■  I  Hx'rin. 
K  '.MIX-    i:   l;  \|)L\.  Caincsa  radix. 
K  \  1 !'..  KagL     A  word  employed  by  the  alche- 
milk. 

KAJBPUT,  CajepaL 


KAKEPLAKTSM.  see  Albino. 

EAEOCH YMIA,  Cacoch y m ia . 

K  I  LI,  Potash.  Potassa —  k.  Acetas,  Potassss 
acetas — k.  Aeratum,  Potassss  carbonas  —  k.  Pi- 
chromicum,  Potassss  bichromas  —  k.  Causticum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Caosttcom  cum  cahe.  I' 
cum  calce — k.  Chlorieum,  Potassa'  murias  byper- 
oxygenatos — k.  Chromioum  acidum,  Potassa-  bi- 
chromas — k.  Chromioum  flavum,  Potassa;  bichro- 
mas— k.  Chromicum  rubrum,  PotasssB  bichromas 
—  k.  Chromicum   neutrale,  Potassss   ehromas — 

k.    II  vdriodinicum,   see    Potassa-    hydriodas —  k. 
Iiiermi    .  sola     kali  —  k.    Nitricum.     Po- 

■  Itrai — k.  Oxalioum  acidulum,  Potassa,  ox- 
alate of— k.  PrsBparatum,  Potasses  subcarbonos 

k.  Prseparatom  e  tartaro,  see  Potash  —  k.  Purnra, 
i  fusa  —  k.  Soda,  see  Salsola  kali — k.  Spi- 
nosum  oochleatum,  Salsola  kali— k.  Subcarbonas, 
Potassss  Bubcarbonas  -  k.  Sulphas,  Potassss  sul- 
phas—k.  Sulpburicum,  Potassss  sulphas — k.  Sul- 
phuretum,  Potassss  sulpburetum  —  k.  Tartariza- 
tum,  Potassss  tartras — k.  e  Tartaro,  see  Potash — 
k.  Vitriolatum,  Potassss  sulphas. 

K  M.KM'M    HYDRAS,  Potassa  fusa. 

KAI.H'M  IOD  \1TM,,  see  Potassss  hydriodas 


KALMIA  ANGUSTIFOLIA 


518 


KIDNEY 


—  k.  Iodatum  Hydrargyratum,   Potassii  hydrar- 
gvro-iodidum. 

'  KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.  Called  after 
Kalm,  the  botanist.  Ivy,  Narrow-leaved  Kalmia 
or  Laurel,  Dwarf  Laurel,  Sheep  Laurel.  Ord. 
Ericaceae.  This  plant  has  the  same  virtues  as  K. 
lalifolia.  So  also  have  Kalmia  Cunea'ta  and 
Kalmia  IIirsu'ta. 

Kalmia,  Broad  Leaved,  K.  latifolia. 

Kalmia  Glauca,  Swamp  Laurel,  Pale  Laurel. 

KALMIA  Latifo'lia,  Broad-leaved  Kalmia, 
Cal'ico  bush,  Laurel,  Mountain  or  Rose  or  Broad- 
leaved  Laurel,  Big  Ivy,  Spoon icood,  Lambkill, 
Sheep-poison.  (F.)  Laurier  des  Montagues.  This 
plant  kills  sheep  and  other  animals.  The  Indians 
use  it  as  a  poison.  The  powdered  leaves  have 
been  applied  successfully  in  tinea  capitis;  and  a 
decoction  of  it  has  been  used  for  the  itch.  The 
powder,  mixed  with  lard,  has  been  applied  in 
herpes. 

Kalmia,  Narrow-leaved,  K.  angustifolia. 

KALO.  Arum  esculentum. 

KAMEYLA,  see  Rottlcra  tinctoria. 

KAMPHUR,  Camphor. 

KANKHOID.  Cancroid. 

KAPHUR,  Camphor. 

KARABK,  Asphaltnm. 

KARABITUS,  Phrenitis. 

KA  R  0  IN  OS  EN,  Carcinoses. 

KAREN  A,  Carena. 

KARKINOMA,  Carcinoma. 

KARSON-KIIAYI,  Swietenia  Senegalensis. 

KASSADER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KASSAUDER.  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KATASARCA.  Anasarca. 

KATASTALTICA,  Astringents. 

KAVA,  Ava. 

K A VI AC,  Caviare. 

RAWING,  Anhelatio. 

KAYL.  Kaib. 

KECKCORN,  Trachea. 

KECKER.  Trachea. 

KEEN-BITE,  see  Congelation. 

KEER,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

KEITA,  Monsonia  ovata. 

KELIS,  see  Cancroid. 

KELKING,  Eructation. 

KELOID.  Cancroid. 

KELOTOMIA,  Celotomia. 

KELP,  Varec.  The  impure  mineral  alkali  ob- 
tained by  burningcertain  marine  plants.  See  Soda. 

KENCH,  Sprain. 

KENNELWORT.  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

KENTUCK'Y,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Olympian  Springs.  Mud  lick,  in  this  State,  are  near 
the  sources  of  Licking  river.  There  are  three 
different  kinds,  in  the  space  of  half  a  mile.  One 
of  them  is  saline,  impregnated  with  sulphur; — 
another  is  chalybeate,  and  a  third  a  sulphureous 
spring.  In  various  parts  of  Kentucky,  there  are 
saline  waters,  which  are  frequented  by  inva- 
lids. The  Salines  at  Bigbone,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  are  now  re- 
sorted to.  A  spring,  near  Harrodsburg,  in  Mercer 
County,  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphare  of 
magnesia,  and  is  much  visited.  At  the  Blue  Licks 
on  both  banks  of  the  Licking  river,  there  are 
sulphureous  saline  waters. 

KERATIASIS,  Ceratiasis. 

KERATITIS.  Ceratitis. 

KERATOCELE.  Ceratocele. 

KERATODEITIS.  Ceratitis. 

KERATO-GLOSSUS,  Cerato-glossus. 

KERATO-IRITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

KERATO-MALACIA,  Cerato-malacia. 

K  ER ATONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

KERATO-PHARYNGEUS,  Cerato-pharyn- 
geus. 

KERATOPLASTY,  Ceratoplastice. 


KERATO-STAPIIYLINUS,  Cerato-staphyli- 
nus. 

KERATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife,  cata- 
ract. 

KERECTOMY,  Cerectomy. 

KERION,  see  Favosus. 

KERMES,  Chermes,  Alherm'es.  One  of  the 
species  of  the  genus  kermes  lives  on  a  green  oak, 
and  is  called  Coccus  il'icis,  Kermes  animal, 
Cocci  gran um,  Caecum,  C.  baph'icum  seu  infec -'to- 
ri urn  seu  tincto'rum  seu  scarlati' uum,  &c.  The 
oak,  to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  is  known 
by  botanists  under  the  name  Quercus  coccif'em, 
and  grows  abundantly  in  the  uncultivated  lands 
of  southern  France,  Spain,  and  in  the  islands  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  The  kermes  inhabiting 
it  has  the  appearance  of  a  small,  spherical,  inani- 
mate shell.  Its  colour  is  reddish-brown,  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  slightly  ash-coloured  dust. 
This  is  the  kermes  of  the  shops.  It  is  now  only 
used  in  dyeing;  but  was  formerly  reputed  to 
possess  aphrodisiac,  analeptic,  anti-abortive,  and 
other  virtues. 

Kermes  Mineral,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  proe- 
cipitatum  and  A.  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

KERNEL,  Tubercle. 

KERNELS,  WAXING,  see  Waxing  kernels. 

KERN-MILK,  Buttermilk. 

KERUA.  Ricinus  communis. 

KETCHUP,  Catchup.  A  pickle  prepared  from 
the  liquor  of  the  mushroom,  walnut,  tomato,  <tc. 

KETMIA  iEGYPTIACA,  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chus. 

KEY,  Sax.  Cfej,  Clavis,  Cleis,  Claris  An'glica, 
(F.)  Clef ;  Clef  de  Garangent.  An  instrument, 
used  for  extracting  teeth.  It  consists  of  a  firm 
handle,  with  a  claw  at  right  angles  to  it,  and 
moving  upon  a  pivot.  This  claw  embraces' the 
tooth.  It  has  undergone  several  modifications, 
and  hence  various  instruments  are  used  under 
this  denomination.  The  French  have  the  Clef  a 
pompe,  Clef  d  pivot,  and  Clef  d  noix. 

KEYRI  CHEIRI,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

KHALA  MIMUC,  Bit  noben. 

KHAYA  SENEGALENSIS,  Swietenia  Sene- 
galensis. 

KHUS-KHUS,  Andropogon  muricatus. 

KIAS'TER,  Chiaster,  from  x<«£av,  ' to  cross.' 
A  species  of  bandage,  having  the  form  of  the 
Greek  letter  %,  which  the  ancients  used  for  ap- 
proximating, and  maintaining  in  contact,  the 
fragments  of  the  patella,  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
that  bone.  It  was  applied  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  8. 

KIBE,  Chilblain. 

KILTS  TITO  ME,  Cystitome. 

KIDNEY.  Its  etymology  is  uncertain.  Sere- 
nius  derives  it  fancifully  from  Su.  Goth,  gned,  the 
belly;  and  nigh,  (quasi,  qnidney.)  Ren,  Nephron, 
Protme'sis,  (Sc.)  Neir,  Nere,  (F.)  Rein.  The 
kidneys  or  reins  are  the  secretory  orga-ns  of  the 
urine.  They  are  two  glands,  situate  deeply. — 
the  one  on  the  right,  and  the  other  on  the  left 
side  —  in  the  hypochondres :  at  the  sides  of  the 
lumbar  vertebrae ;  behind  the  peritoneum  ;  and 
in  the  midst  of  an  abundant,  fatty  areolar  tissue, 
Tu'nica  seu  Cap'sula  adipo'sa.  The  kidney  is 
of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  oval  form  ;  and  flat- 
tened on  two  surfaces.  It  has,  at  its  internal 
margin,  a  deep  fissure,  by  which  the  renal  vessels 
and  nerves  enter  or  quit  the  organ,  and  the  ure- 
ter issues.  It  resembles,  pretty  accurately,  the 
haricot  or  kidney-bean.  Two  substances  are 
readily  distinguishable  in  it; — the  outer,  secern- 
ing, cortical,  glandular  or  vascular,  Substantia 
cortica'lis  seu  glandulo'sa,  which  secretes  the 
urine;  and  the  inner,  tubular,  medullary.  u>-ini- 
ferous,  conoidal  or  radiated,  Substantia  Mcdul- 
la'ris  seu  Tubulo'sa  seu  Fibro'sa,  which  appears 


KIESTEINE 


10 


KIST 


un  ler  the  form  of  small  oonea  or  unequal  papilla 
or  mam  mi  If  eg,  each  resulting  from  (he  onion  of 
small  capillary  tubes,  adherent  bj  one  of  their 
extremities  to  the  cortical  substance;  and  open- 
lag,  by  the  other,  at  the  summit  of  the  cone,  into 

of  membranous  tu 
less   numerous,  which   transmit   the   urine  of  the 
papillae  to  the  pelvis.     By  the  pelvis  is  meant  a 
small,  membranous   sac,  of  an  Irregularly  oval 

of  which  are  the  OriftcCS  of  the 
.  and  the  other  extremity  of  which  is  con- 
tinuous   with    the   ureter.       The    kidney    is    sur- 
rounded by  a  fibrous  membrane  proper  to  it.  /'-  ri- 
n> jih' mi,     Tu'nica   pro'pria    sen    albugin'ea.      It 
d  shown  by  .Mr.  Bowman  and  others  that 
the  renal  artery  is  distributed  to  the  corpora  Mal- 
pighiana,  forming  a  pellet  of  convolutions,  which 
tred  into  a  flask-like  dilatation  of  the  ure- 
ter  —Bowi  ifin's  Capsule,&n6  through  which — it  is 
conceived  —  the  watery  portion  of  the  urine  is  se- 
1  i.     The  blood  then  becomes  venous,  and  is 

distributed  by  different  veins — portal  rein*  of  the 
kidney  — to  the  convoluted  tubes  through  which 
the  proper  urine  i-  Hence  the  blood 

into    the   renal   vein.       The    intermediate 
-  between  the  Malpighian  bodies  and  the 
convolute, 1  tubes  have  been  termed   the  Portal 
i  of  tht    Kidney. 
KinsKv,   B right's    DtSRASK  of   tfir,  Morbus 
V   sen   album inen' sis  sen  granulosus  Re- 
Vephri'tia  albnmino'sa  sen  socia'ta,  Nepk'- 
■  hrochnlazo'sis,  Nephrococco' 'sis,  Uroze'mia 
albnmino'sa,    Cachec'tic  or  Asso'ciated  nephritis, 
Inflammation  of  the  Malpig'hian  cor'puscles,  Dis- 
ease of  Bright,  Gran'ular  Degeuera'tion  or  Dis- 
organization of  the  Kidney,  Granular  Kidney  of 
Bright,    Cachec'tic    nephri'tis,    Chalazonephri'tis, 
(F.i    Maladie  de   Bright,    Niphrite  albnmineuse, 
•anuleux   OU    lh'jenercucence  granulee  du 
llbuminurorrhie.      Agranular  disease  of 
rtical  part  of  the  kidney,  which  gives  occa- 
sion to  the  secretion   of  urine  that  contains  albu- 
men, and  is  of  less   specific  gravity  than  natural, 
and  which  destroys  by  inducing  other  diseases. 
first  described  by  l)r.  Bright,  of  London. 
KiDNKv.     Granular,    of    Bkight,    Kidney, 
Blight's  dise  ise  ■•(  the. 

KI'ESTEINE,    Ki'estein,  properly   Ki/'esteine, 
in,  Kystein,   Cy'esteine  or  Cy'estein,  Kiex- 
tuann),  from  kvziv,  'to  be  pregnant,' 
and   iaOn<:.    'a   garment   or  pellicle.'     A  peculiar 
noid  pellicle,  which  forms  on  the  urine  of 
a   pregnant    female  when    allowed   to  stand  for  a 
It    is    whitish,    opalescent,    slightly 
granular,  and  may  be  compared  to  the  fatty  sub- 
that  swims   on   the   surface  of  soups,  after 
(bey  have  been  allowed  to  cool.     When  taken  in 
conjunction  with  other  phenomena,  it  is  a  valu- 
i  in  the  diagnosis  of  early  pregnancy. 
KIESTIN'IC,  Kiestin'iens  ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  kiesteiuc;  fia  ' kiestinic 
urine.' 

KILBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 

■  •'.Main  carbonic  acid,  sulphohydrio  acid  ; 

Lime, magnesia, and  iron:  sulphates 

ad   magnesia,    and    chloride    of 

M  1  II  mi  . 

KILE,  Dicer. 

KILL  LAMB,  Andromeda  mariana. 

KILOGB  \MMK,   Chiliogram'ma,  from  ^<X<o«, 

'a    thousand,1    and    ypu/i^ia,   'a    gramme.'      The 

grammes ;      tu  ■>  pounds, 

.  "tie  drachm,  and  twenty-four  grains, 

. 

KILOLITRE,  from  pXioi, 'i  thousand/ and 

i  litre.'     A  measure  containing  a  thousand 


It 


KIN  A  KIXA,  Cinchona. 


KMANCIE,  Cvnanche. 

KINCOUGH,   Pertussis. 

KINDCOUGH,  Pertui 
KINESIP'ATHY,    KinesitherapVa,    Ci 
■  a  thy,  Movement  cure,  Motor1  pathy,  Medici' na  n»e- 
chan' icii,  from  Kivmrttt  *  motion/  and  mitfof,  'dis- 

A  mode  of  treating  disease  by  gymnastics 
or  appropriate  movements  proposed  bj  Ling,  a 

.  and  hence  called  Lingimn. 
KINETIC,  M'.tory. 

KINGCURE,  Pyrola  maeulata. 
KING'S  EVIL,  Scrofula, 
KINGSHOOD,  Reticulum. 
KINIC1  ACETAS,  Quinia,  acetate  of. 
KININUM,  Quinine. 
KINIUM,  Quinine, 

KINK,    Qlilntr. 

KINK  IX  THE  HEAD,  see  Insanity. 
KINKHAUST,  Pertussis. 
KINKHOST,  Pertussis. 

KIN  KIN  A,  Cinchona. 

KINO,  Gummi  Gambien'se  seu  ruhrnm  adstrin'- 
gens  Gambien'se  seu  adstrin'gens  Fothergilli,  Af- 
rican, K<int  India  or  Awihoy'na  kino,  (F.J  Gomme, 
huc  ou  extraii  de  kino.  The  trees,  whence  one 
variety  of  this  resin  is  obtained,  are  not  botani- 
eally  ascertained.  The  London  college  ascribe 
it  to  Pterocar'pus  erina'cea;  the  Edinburgh  to 
Eucalyp'tus  resinif'era  seu  gumniif'era,  Iron. 
bark;  And  the  Dublin  to  Butea  frondo'sa.  The 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  (1842  and 
1851),  defines  it  to  be  "an  extract  obtained  from 
an  uncertain  plant;"  that  of  1851  states  it  to  be 
the  inspissated  juice  of  Pterocarp'ua  marsu'pium 
(De  Candolle)  and  of  other  plants.  On  wound- 
ing the  bark,  the  kino  flows  drop  by  drop.  A 
West  India  variety  is  said  to  be  derived  from  Coc- 
coVoba  uvif  era  or  Sea-aide  Grape;  and  a  Botany 
Bay  kino  is  said  to  be  the  concrete  juice  of  Euca- 
lyp'tus re/tinif'era  or  brown  gum-tree  of  New  Hol- 
land. Sex.  Sijst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  Nat. 
Ord.  Myrtsvcess.  Kino  consists  chiefly  of  tannic 
and  gallic  acids,  oxide  of  iron,  and  colouring  mat- 
ter. It  is  inodorous:  the  taste  a  sweetish  hitter; 
and  it  is  sometimes  gritty  between  the  teeth.  It 
comes  to  us  in  fragments  of  a  dark  ruby  red 
colour,  and  is  easily  pulverized.  Its  properties 
are  powerfully  astringent.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr.  xx 
in  powder. 

KIONOIUUIAPTIIA.  Staphyloraphy. 

KI'OTOME,  Kiotomus,  from  kiw,  'a  pillar.' 
'support,'  and  re^vttv,  'to  cut.'  (F.)  Conpebride. 
An  instrument  invented  by  Desanlt  to  cut  any 
accidental  brides  or  filaments  in  the  rectum  an  I 
bladder;  and  which  he  afterwards  used  fur  the 
removal  of  the  tonsils.  It  is  composed  of  a  flat, 
silver  sheath,  open  at  one  edge.  This  sheath  is 
proi  ided  with  a  cutting  blade,  which  can  be  forced 
through  theopening,  and  thus  all  the  parts  can  be 
divid'-d  with  which  it  comes  in  contact. 

KIPPERNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum, 

KIRATE.  A  weight  of  four  grains,  according 
to  Blancard. 

KIRIAGHUMA,  Gvmneura  lactiferum. 

K  IKK  LAX  Its  NEUTRAL  CERATE,  see 
Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral. 

KIRNMILK,  Buttermilk. 

KIRRHONOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRRHOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRSCHWASSER,  (G.)  Kirsch  and  Was- 

ser),  *  Cherry  water.'  An  alcoholic  liquor,  ob- 
tained from  cherries  bruised  with  their  .-.tones,  by 
subjecting  them  to  distillation,  .after  having 
caused  them  to  ferment.     See  Spirit. 

h  I  B8'  I  N<:  EN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
i  Bavarian   springs    have   been    long  fre- 

quented. There  are  three, — two  chalybeate,  and 
one  alkaline  and  acidulous. 

KIST.     A  weight  of  14  grains. — Paracelsus. 


KITILLING 


520 


KRAMERIA 


KITILLTNG,  Tickling. 

KITTLING,  Tickling. 

KLAPROTHII  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

KLAPROTHIUM  SULPHURICUM,see  Cad- 
wii  sulphas. 

KLEPTOMA'NIA,  Gleptoma'nia,  Klopema'- 
via,  Cf  ope  mania ;  from  kXetttu),  'I  steal,'  and 
in  a  iii  a.  Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  propensity 
to  steal. 

K  LIXOCE  PH ALIA,  Clinocephalia. 

KLIPDAS,  see  llvrax  Capensis. 

KLOPEMANIA,  kleptomania. 

KNAP-KNEED,  see  Entogonyaneon. 

KNARESBOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  see  Harrogate,  mineral  waters  of. 

KNEADING,  Shampooing. 

KNEE,  Genu. 

Knee,  Housemaid's.  An  inflammation  of  the 
bursa,  which  in  most  individuals  is  in  front  of  the 
patella,  and  is  apt  to  inflame  and  enlarge  from 
effusion  in  those  in  whom  it  is  subjected  to  much 
pressure.  Hence  its  name.  It  is  a  form  of  cap- 
sular rheumatism. 

KNEE-HOLLY,  Ruscus. 

KNEE-JOINT,  Genu. 

KNEE  SCAB,  Crusta  genu  equinse — k.  Encir- 
cled hoof.  Crusta  genu  equinse. 

KNIFE.  Sax.  cniF.  Swed.  Knif.  Dan. 
Kniv.  (F.)  Ganif.  Culter,  Smile,  Gultell'tis,  To- 
mei'on,  Tome'us,  Macha'ra,  JIachce'rion,  3fachtBf- 
rie,  (F.)  Goutean.  A  cutting  instrument,  used  in 
surgery  to  divide  the  soft  parts,  and  which  only 
differs  from  the  bistouri  or  scalpel  in  being  usu- 
ally larger. 

The  most  common  knives  are  the  following: 

Knife.  Amputa'tion,  (F.)  Gonteau  &  amputa- 
tion, C.  droit,  Culter  rectus.  This  is  the  largest 
cf  the  knives  used  in  surgery.  Formerly,  they 
were  curved;  now  they  are  straight,  and  pro- 
vided with  one  or  two  edges. 

Knife,  Cat'aract,  Ceratot'omus,  Kemtot'omns, 
(F.)  Couteau  d  cataracte.  The  cataract  knives 
of  Richter,  Wenzel,  Ward,  and  others,  being  in- 
tended to  perform  the  section  of  the  transparent 
cornea,  are  so  shaped  as  to  exactly  fill  the  small 
wound  made  by  them;  and  thus  to  prevent  the 
discharge  of  the  aqueous  humour,  until  the  sec- 
tion is  completed.  The  blade  of  the  knives  of 
Wenzel  and  Ward  resembles  a  very  narrow  lan- 
cet, blunt  in  the  posterior  five-sixths  of  one  of  its 
edges.  The  blade  of  that  of  Richter  is  pyrami- 
dal, cutting  through  the  whole  length  of  its  in- 
ferior edge,  and  also  blunt  in  the  five-sixths  of 
the  upper. 

Knife,  Ches'elden's.  A  knife  with  a  fixed 
handle  ;  very  convex  on  its  edge,  concave  on  the 
back,  which  was  used  by  Cheselden  in  lithotomy. 
'  Knife,  Crooked,  Culter  falca'tus,  Culter  cur- 
ritfi,  (F. )  Couteau  courbe.  A  knife,  which  is 
crooked  and  concave  on  its  cutting  edge.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  amputation  of  the  limbs. 

Knife,  Crotchet,  Cultel'lus  uncus,  (F.)  Cou- 
teau d  crochet.  A  steel  instrument,  composed  of 
a  round  staff,  furnished  with  a  handle  at  one  ex- 
tremity, and  at  the  other  with  a  curved  knife. 
It  was  formerly  used  to  cut  to  pieces  monstrous 
foetuses  in  utero,  and  to  open  the  head  when  ne- 
cessary. 

Knife,  Doubee-Edged,  Anceps  cultel'lus,  Am- 
pins'me/a.  Am  phis' mile,  Catling,  (F.)  Couteau  d 
deux  tranehans  ou  desarticnlnteur  ou  interosseux. 
A  knife,  the  blade  of  which  is  straight  and  sharp 
on  both  sides.  It  is  used  for  disarticulating 
bones;  and  for  cutting  the  soft  parts  situate  be- 
tween the  bones,  in  amputation  of  the  leg  and 
forearm. 

KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE.  (F.)  Couteau  en 
terpette.  A  sort  of  knife,  of  the  shape  of  a  ser- 
viette or  pruning-knife,  invented  by  Desault  for 


dividing  the  bony  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus, 
for  the  purpose  of  extracting  fungi  from  it. 

Knife,  Lentic'ular,  Culter  lenticu/a'n'tt,  (F.) 
Couteau  lenticulaire.  An  instrument,  used  in  the 
operation  of  trepanning,  for  removing  inequalities 
in  the  inner  table  of  the  skull,  which  may  have 
been  left  by  the  crown  of  the  trephine  around 
the  opening  made  by  it.  It  is  formed  of  a  len- 
ticular button,  fixed  at  the  extremity  of  an  iron 
staff,  which  is  convex  on  one  side,  flat  on  the 
other;  sharp  at  both  edges,  and  mounted  on  an 
ebony  handle. 

Knife,  Lithot'omy,  (F.)  Couteau  lithotame.  A 
name,  given  by  Foubert  to  a  large  knife,  the 
narrow  blade  of  which,  four  and  a  half  inches 
in  length,  was  sharp  in  its  whole  extent,  and 
made  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handle.  He  used 
it  in  the  lateral  operation. 

Knife,  Polypus,  Polypotome. 

Knife,  Root-cutting.  In  Pharmacy,  a  knife 
moving  on  a  joint  at  its  pointed  extremity,  by 
which  roots  and  other  ligneous  matters  are  di- 
vided in  pharmaceutical  processes. 

KNIFE'SMAN,  see  Surgery,  salvation. 

KNIT-BACK.  Symphytum. 

KNOBWEED.  Collinsonia. 

KNOCK-KNEED,  Entogonyaneon. 

KNOT,  Tubercle. 

Knot,  Packer's,  (F.)  Noeud  d'emb(dlenr.  A 
compressive  bandage,  used  for  arresting  hemor- 
rhage from  the  temporal  artery  or  its  branches. 
The  noeud  d'emba/leur  is  made  with  a  double- 
headed  roller,  five  ells  long.  A  graduated  com- 
press is  placed  over  the  opening  in  the  artery, 
and  the  bandage  is  applied  over  it;  the  balls  of 
the  roller  being  carried  horizontally  round  to  the 
opposite  temple,  where  they  are  crossed  obliquely 
and  carried  back  to  the  part  where  the  compress 
is  situate.  The  hands  are  then  changed  with  the 
rollers,  crossing  them  so  as  to  form  a  knot,  and 
taking  one  above  the  head;  the  other  beneath 
the  chin.  They  are  then  crossed  again,  so  as  to 
form  several  knots,  one  above  the  other.  This 
bandage  is  called,  by  some  surgeons,  solar  or 
oblique  chevestre  or  capistrnm. 

Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  chirur'gieus,  (F.) 
Noeud  du  ehirurcjien.  A  double  knot  made  by 
passing  the  thread  twice  through  the  same  noose. 
This  knot  is  used  frequently  in  the  ligature  of 
arteries,  the  umbilical  cord,  &c. 

KNOTBERRIES,  Rubus  chamnemorus. 

KNOTGRASS,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

KNOTROOT.  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

KNOTWEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 

KNOWLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  Nat. 
Order,  Ranuneulaceae.  An  acrid  plant  of  South 
Africa,  used  by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  blister  in 
rheumatism. 

KOINO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

KOKUM,  Garcinia  purpurea  —  k.  Butter,  see 
Garcinia  purpurea. 

KOLERUS,  a  name  given  by  Paracelsus  to  a 
dry  ulcer. 

KOLPORRAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

KOLTO,  Plica. 

KOOCIILA  TREE,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

KOOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOPYOPIA,  see  Copyopia. 

KORIS,  Cimex. 

KOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOUMIS,  Kumyss. 

KOUSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KRAME'RIA,  Krameria  trian'dra,  Crame'ria, 
Ratan'hia,  Rhatan'ia,  Rat'anhy,  (F.)  Eat  an  hie, 
—  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord. 
Poly  galeae, — is  a  native  of  Java.  The  root,  A"ra- 
me'ria  (Ph.  TJ.  S.),   has   a  bitter   taste;    and   is 


KREASOTON 


521 


LABIA    CUNNI 


n?frin^ent,    diuretic,    ami    detergent     Dose,    *)j 

t"  Si- 

KiaMK'itu  Ixi'x.i  or  Raiankjf  of  the  Antilles 

has  similar  I  i 

KRBASOTON,  Creasote. 

\  riC  NAUSEA,  Bee  Nausea, 

KIIK  VTINE,  Creatine. 

KREATININE.  Bee  Creatine. 

KRK  \T"l'll  Mini's.  Carnivorous. 
;  E  iSOTON,  Creasote. 

KRK  riNISMUS,  Cretinism. 

KRIEBELKRANKHEIT,  Convulsio  ce- 
• 

KRONE,  Crown. 

KRYSTALLINE,  Bee  Crystalline, 

KUA   K  A  1!  A.  Curcuma  longa. 


KT.\n  -  3,    K 


itmy« 


is.     A    beverage 


use. I  in  families  by  the  people  of  Yakut/..  Jt 
resembles  sour  buttermilk,  without  being  greasy. 
;  ng  to  Sir  George  Simpson,  it  is  prepared 
in  a  very  simple  way  from  mare's  milk,  which  is 
Merely  allowed  to  stand  for  some  days  in  a  lea- 
thern churn  till  it  becomes  sour.  It  is  then  hot- 
lid  fur  use.  This  drink  is  rather  nutritious  than 
exhilarating;  but  from  the  same  material  the 
Burats  and  the  Kirgbes  prepare  an  intoxicating 
tmirit  in  which  they  indulge  to  excess. 

KDSS  VUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

Kl   llvl  LIMA.  Cassalpinia  bonducella, 

KUTOOKURDNJA,  Csesalpinia  bonducella. 

Kill  i'.l  III.  An  Arabic  mime  fur  a  species 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  is  never  quiet 
at  any  one  place,  hut  wanders  about  here  and 
tttubutb.  Also,  the  name  <,f  an  in- 
Met,  which  lives  at  the  surface  of  stagnant 
waters,  an  1  is  in  a  constant  state  of  agitation, 
lexicographers  imagine  that  it  is  on  ac- 
count of  t'hi-  last  circumstance,  that  the  name  of 
the  insect  has  been  given  to  the  disease. 

KWOSO,  Bagenia  Abyssmioa, 

KYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

KYAPUTTY,  Caieput. 

KYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

KYESTINIC,  Kiestinic. 

KYLLOPODIA,  Kyllosis 

K  V  1. 1. o'S IS,  from  kvXA<k,  'crooked,'  'lame.' 
CifUo'tit,  KjfHopnd'ia.  Professor  Chaussier  so 
rails  congenital  distortion  of  the  feet,  Clubfoot, 
Poltfoot,  Slumpfoot,  (Prov.l  Pommel-foot,  TaV- 
I.)  Pied  U<><.  Of  this  there  are  many 
varieties.  In  one,  the  foot,  instead  of  resting  on 
the  soil,  by  the  whole  plantar  Burfaoe,  touches  it 
only  with  the  metatarso-pbalangian  articulations. 
It  seems  as  if  turned  backwards  and  broken  upon 
the  leg.  (Pe*  sea  Tal'ipet  Equi'nne,  Hip'popue, 
Oxypoil'in,  Tip-font,  Horaefoot.)     In  other  cases 

the  foot  i-  twisted  inwards,  (  Varus,  Tal'ipeS 
VI  run.  Blavtop'odee,  BI(g'*opiu,  Cylloepne,  Cyllop'- 
vda,  Cyllopod' ion,   Lo'ripee,    Crowfoot,  (I'.)    Cag- 

ueux,)  so  that  it  rests  only  on  the  ground  on  its 


outer  edge;  of  it  may  he  twisted  outward*, 
(  Valyne,  Tal'ipee  Valynt,  Out-bow-foot,)  <-r  rot 
"lily  on  it-  inner  edge,  or  on  the  hack  part  of  tho 
heel.  Talipes  eolea  neue,  //< » /  clubfoot.  In  the 
flat  foot  or  eplayfoot,  Duck  foot  f,  S<>r'- 

apmt,  /'/at',//,,,*.  Platypodia,  (F.)  Pied  plat,  tho 
plantar  surface  of  the  foot  i.s  Battened  instead  of 
being  concave. 

These  deformities  are  rarely  accidental.  They 
are  almost  always  congenital,  and  may  be  rec- 
tified, at  an  early  period,  by  proper  mechanical 
means  to  strengthen  the  foot  gradually  and  re- 
store it  to  its  proper  Bhape  and  direction  ;  and  if 
these  means  fail,  the  tendons  and  muscles  con- 
cerned in  the  deformity  may  he  divided, 

KYMOGRAPH'ION,     Cymograph'ion  ;     from 

KVfui,  'wave,'  and  ypn;u.  'I  describe.'  A  wave 
describer  or  measurer.'  An  instrument  invented 
by  Ludwig,  which  is  Belf-registering,  and  exhibits 

the  relation  between  the  waves  of  the  pulse  and 
the  undulations  produced    by  re.-piration. 

KYNA,  Pa.-tinaca  opoponax. 

KYPHOSIS,  Bee  Cyphosis — k.  Inflammatories 
Vertehral  disease  —  k.  Paralytica,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease. 

KYST,  Cyst,  Kyetie,  Cyetis,  from  kvotis,  'a 
bladder,'  'pouch.'  (F.)  Kyste.  This  term  is  ge- 
nerally applied  to  a  pouch  or  sac, —  Cysto'ma, — 
without  opening,  and  commonly  of  a  membranous 
nature,  which  is  accidentally  developed  in  one  of 
the  natural  cavities,  or  in  the  Bubstance  of  organs. 
Many  theories  have  been  successively  emitted  to 
explain  the  formation  of  cysts,  hut  none  are  en- 
tirely satisfactory.  Some  are  formed  by  a  thin, 
translucent  membrane,  having  scarcely  the  thick- 
ness of  the  arachnoid]  others  of  a  whitish,  lihro- 
cellular  membrane,  more  or  less  thick.  Some 
contain  cartilaginous  or  bony  flakes.  The  greater 
part  have  but  one  cavity;  others,  on  the  contrary, 
have  several,  separated  by  complete  or  imperfect 
septa,  as  is  frequently  seen  in  those  developed  in 
the  ovaries.  The  matter  contained  in  cysts  is 
sometimes  limpid,  serous,  yellowish  white,  red- 
dish, and,  at  others,  more  or  less  thick,  albumi- 
nous, adipous,  or  caseous.  The  tumour,  formed 
by"  them,  is  called  Encysted. 

KYSTE,  Kyst  —  h.  Anivrysmal,  Aneurismal 
ise, 

KYSTEIN,  Kiesteine. 

KYSTHI'TIS,  Cysthi'tis,  from  *i><xSo?,  'the  va- 
gina.' Inflammation  of  the  vulva  and  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  vagina. 

K.YSTITOME,  Cyetitome. 

KYSTHOPTO'SIS,  from  ™<x.V,  'the  vagina,' 
and  -riTTui,  '  I  fall.'  Prolapsus  or  inversion  of  the 
vagina. 

KYTB,  Abdomen.  Stomach. 

KYTTAKRilAC'IA.  from  KVTrapiov,  'an  alve- 
olus,' and  puyu,  or  prjyvvyn.,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  an  alveolus. 


L. 


LABARIUM,  from  labi,  'to  fall.'     Looseness 

Of    the    teeth. 

LABDACI8MU8,  Lallation. 
L  kBDAMBN,  Cistus  oreticuf. 
LABD  \  X 1  tus  cretlous. 

LABE,  from  \t(Jta,  Afi^r„w,  '  I   seize,  'T  take,' 
'the  act  of  grasping.'     Invasion.      Also,   em- 


ployed  to  denote  the  first  paroxysm  of  fevers.— 
Galen,  Hippocrates. 

LABEO,  Chilon. 

LA  BES,  Chilon,  Macula. 

LABIA  CUNNI,  Lips  of  the  vulva— 1.  Interna 
sen  Minora.  Nymph  as  —  1.  Majora,  Lips  <■!  tho 
vulva  —  I.  Pudendi,  Lips  of  the  vulva  —  1.  l'u- 
dendi  minora,  NympbSB. 


LABIAL 


522 


LACERUM 


LABIAL,  Labia'lis,  from  labium,  'a  lip.' 

LABIAL,  Orbicularis  oris. 

Labial  Artery.  Haller  and  Sabaticr  call  tbus 
tbe  facial  artery  of  the  majority  of  anatomists. 
The  labial  arteries,  properly  so  called,  coronary 
arteries  of  the  lips,  (F.)  Coronaires  cles  levres,  are 
two  in  number.  The  superior  arises  from  the 
facial,  above,  and  very  close  to,  the  commissure 
of  the  lips.  It  is  large  and  tortuous,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  upper  lip.  The  lower  arises  from 
the  facial,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
commissure,  and  proceeds,  in  a  serpentine  course, 
into  the  substance  of  the  lower  lip,  to  which  it  is 
distributed. 

Labial  Glands.  This  name  is  given  to  a  mul- 
titude of  muciparous  follicles,  of  some  size,  round, 
prominent,  and  separate  from  each  other,  which 
are  found  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  lips,  below 
the  mucous  membrane. 

Labial  Veins  are  distinguished,  like  the  arte- 
ries, into  superior  and  inferior.  They  open  into 
the  facial  vein; — a  division  of  the  internal  jugular. 

LABIALIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

LABIDOMETER,  Labimeter. 

LABIM'ETER,  (F.)  Labi  metre  ou  Labidome~- 
tre,  from  Aa/?is,  hifiifiog,  'forceps.'  and  nerpov. 
'measure.'  A  scale  adapted  to  the  handles  of 
the  forceps,  which  indicates  tbe  distance  of  tbe 
blades  from  each  other,  when  applied  to  the  head 
of  the  child  in  utero. 

LABIS,  Forceps. 

LABIUM,  Lip — 1.  Leporinum,  Harelip  —  1. 
Uteri.  Amphideum. 

LABLAB.  Doliohos  lablab. 

LABORANS.  Sick. 

LABORATOIRE,  Laboratory. 

LABORATORIUM,  Laboratory  — 1.  Chymi- 
cum  sen  pharmaceuticum,  see  Pharmacopoeia. 

LAB'ORATORY,  Labor  ato'rinm,  Ergaste'rion, 
(F.)  Laboratoire,  from  laborare,  laboratum,  'to 
work.'  A  work-shop.  A  place  for  preparing 
chemical  or  pharmaceutical  products,  &c. 

LABORTOSUS,  Sick. 

LABO'RIOUS.  Delivery  is  said  to  be  labo- 
rious, Partus  laborio'sus,  3fog08toe'ia,  (F.)  Ac- 
couchement laborieu.r,  when  attended  with  more 
difficulty  and  suffering  than  usual.  With  some, 
laborious  labour  means  one  that  requires  the  use 
of  instruments.     See  Dvstocia. 

LABOUR.  Parturition. 

Labour  Chair.  Obstet'ric  chair.  A  chair,  in 
•which  a  parturient  woman  is  placed  during  de- 
livery. 

Labour,  Complicated,  see  Parturition  —  1. 
Difficult,  Dystocia — -1.  Dry,  Partus  siccus  —  1. 
Forced,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Impracticable,  see 
Parturition — 1.  Morbid.  Dystocia. 

Labour  Pains,  see  Pains. 

Labour,  Powerless,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Pre- 
mature, Parturition,  (premature) — 1.  Preternatu- 
ral, Metatoeia,  see  Parturition. 

Labour  Snow,  see  Parturition. 

LABRISULCIUM,  Cheilocace,  Stomacace. 

LABRUM,  Lip— 1.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

LABRUSCA.  Bryonia  alba. 

LAB'YRIXTII,  'Labyrinth' us,  Antrum  bncci- 
no'sum.  A  place,  full  of  turnings,  the  exit  of 
which  is  not  easily  discoverable.  Anatomists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  aggregate  of  parts, 
constituting  the  internal  ear,  Labyrinth' m  amis 
in'tinifp,  In'tima  pars  or'gani  audi'tiis,  Laby- 
rinth'ic  carity  of  the  ear.  The  Labyrinth  is 
situate  between  the  tympanum  and  meatus  audi- 
torius  internus.  It  is  composed  of  several  ca- 
vities, which  communicate  with  each  other  in  the 
dried  bone;  as  tbe  vestibule,  cochlea,  semicircular 
canals,  &c.  It  is  lined  by  periosteum,  and  also 
by  a  pulpy  membrane,  constituting  the  membra- 


nous labyrinth,  on  which  the  auditory  nerve  is 
regularly  dispersed.  This  membrane  forms  two 
sacks  in  the  vestibule,  called  sac' cuius  vestib'ufi 
and  sac' cuius,  respectively,  which  resemble  in 
shape  that  of  the  bony  cavities  containing  them. 
Each  sac  contains  calcareous  matter,  constituting 
the  Otoliths  and  Otocouies.  When  the  sac  is 
laid  open,  upon  the  upper  and  outer  part,  a  par- 
tition appears,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the  sac, 
and  called  by  Meckel,  Septum  veetib'uli  nervo'ao- 
m'embrann'ceum. 

Labyrinth  is  also  applied  to  tbe  lateral  portions 
of  the  ethmoid  bone,  which  are  formed  of  large 
irregular  cells. 

Labyrinth,  Membranous,  see  Labvrinth. 

LABYRINTH'IC,  Laburinth'icus,"(F.)  Laby- 
rinthique.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  laby- 
rinth. 

Labyrinthic  Cavity  of  the  Ear,  Labyrinth. 

LABYRINT1IUS,  Labyrinth— 1.  Aur'is  Inti- 
mae,  see  Labyrinth. 

LAC,  Lacca,  Laqueus,  Milk  —  1.  Ammoniaci, 
Misturaammoniaci — 1.  Amygdalae,  Emulsio  amyg- 
dalae— 1.  Asafoetidae,  Mistura  asafoetidae — I.  Avis, 
Albumen  ovi — 1.  Guaiaci,  Mistura  Guaiaci. 

Lac,  Gum,  Lacca. 

Lac  Lun^e,  Marga  Candida — 1.  Maris,  Sperm — 
1.  Pressum,Curd — 1.  Primum  Puerperae, Colostrum. 

Lac,  Seed,  Lacca  —  1.  Shell,  Lacca  —  1.  Stick, 
Lacca. 

Lac  Sulphuris,  Sulphur  praecipitatum— 1. Ter- 
ras. Magnesia?  carbonas — l.Virginis,  Virgin's  milk. 

LACAPH'THON.  Supposed  to  be^the  bark 
of  some  fir  or  other  tree.  It  entered  into  the 
composition  of  the  Cyphi,  used  in  fumigations — 
Paulus  of  yEgina.  Supposed  to  be  the  Narcaph'- 
thuui  or  Nascaph'thum. — Ruellius. 

LACCA,  from  lakah,  Arab.  Gummi  lacca,  Stick, 
Gum,  Seed,  or  Shell,  lac,  (F.)  La  que,  Gomme 
Laque.  Lac  is  a  substance  formed  by  an  insect, 
and  deposited  on  different  species  of  trees,  chiefly 
in  the  East  Indies,  for  example,  on  Groton  lac- 
cif'erum,  and  two  species  of  Ficus, —  Ficus  reli- 
f/io'sa,  and  F.  In'dica.  The  various  kinds,  dis- 
tinguished in  commerce,  are  stick-lac,  which  is 
the  substance  in  its  natural  state,  investing  the 
small  twigs  of  the  tree:  and  seed-lac,  which  is 
the  same  broken  off.  When  melted,  it  is  called 
shell-lac. 

Lac  was,  at  one  time,  used  in  the  form  of  tinc- 
ture, as  a  tonic  and  astringent;  and  it  still  forms 
part  of  particular  dentifrices. 

LACERA'TION,  Lacera'tio,  Rhege,  Rheg'mvs, 
Rhegma,  Ruptu'ra,  Rupture,  from  lacerare,  lace- 
ratum,  'to  tear:'  —  Dilaeera'tio,  Sparag'ma,  (F.) 
Arrachement,  Deehirement,  Dilaceration,  Broie- 
ment.  The  act  of  tearing  or  rending.  The  breach 
made  by  tearing  or  rending;  as  a  lacerated 
wound,  Tresis  vulnus  lacera'tum,  Laceratu' ra, 
Vulnus  laceratum. 

LACERATURA,  see  Laceration. 

LACERTA,  Lizard — 1.  Aquatica,  see  Ectozoa. 

LACERTI  CORDIS,  Coluinnas  carneae  —  1. 
Musculorum,  see  Muscular  fibre. 

LACERTOSUS,  Muscular. 

LACERTULI  CORDIS,  Columnae  carneae. 

LACERTUS,  Brachium,  Muscle,  see  Muscular 
fibre. 

LACERUM.  Same  etymon  as  Laceration. 
Any  thing  torn,  or  appearing  as  if  torn. 

Lac"erum  Fora'men  Axte'riis,  (F.)  Tron 
dechire  anterieur.  Hiatus  splieno-petrenx,  (Ch.) 
is  an  irregular  opening,  formed  by  the  sphenoid, 
occipital  and  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
It  is  closed  by  cartilage,  and  forms  a.  kind  of 
fontanelle,  situated  at  the  termination  of  tbe 
petro-oecipital  suture. 

Lacerum  Foramen  Poste'rius,  Foramen  jh- 
gula're,   F.  lacerum   in  Basi   Cra'nii,  (F.)    Trou 


L  A  C  II  A  N  < » N 


5  23 


LACTIC 


r,  (Ch.) 

is  formed  by  the  occipital  bone,  and  the  inferior 

tbe  petroaa  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 

;h  it,  the  internal  jugular  vein,  the  eighth 
pair  of  nerves,  and  accessory  nerve  pass  out  of 
the  cranium. 

moidal 

I 

].  \>  U'AV'N'.  fr  im  >  ij  uvw,  '  I  dig.' 

i  IS  food. 

;  -  PICTA,  see  Arrow-poison. 

noil.      A   poison- 

pent  common  in  r*»e  lower  forests  of  Pern. 

LACHNANTH'ES    TINCTO'RIA,     Dila'tris 

■  :  indigenous.    OrcL  Haamodo- 

.    from  \ti\vn.  'wool,'  and  av$os,  '  a  flower, ' 

The    root   . 


woolly  flowers.) 
I 

HRYMA,  Tear;  Bee  Yitis  vinifera. 
li  KYMAL.    Laeryma'lis,    from    laeryma, 
the  tears.     This  epithet 
to  various  parts. 
irymal  Apparatus,  see  Lachrymal  Pas- 
• 

irymal   Artbry  proceeds   from  the  oph- 
thalmic; and  distributes  its  principal  branches  to 
bryinal  gland. 

;    Caxal  or  Duct,  Nasal  Canal  or 
tun' lis  laeryma'lis  sen  or'bitaj  nasa'lis  sen 
tcryma'lis,  Ductus  ad   tfasum   sen  Nasa'- 
lis  orbitat,  is    formed   by   the   superior    maxillary 
_  lis.  and  o>  turbinatum  inferius;  and 
1  in  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae. 
It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane   of   the    lachrymal    sac:    and    its    inferior 
orifice  is  furnished  with  a  valvular  duplicature. 
This    duet   transmits   the   tears,  which   have   been 
great  angle  of   the  eye  by  the 
Lacrymalia,  into  the  nasal  fossse. 
L.v<  BRYMAL    CARUNCLE,  see  (Jaruncula  lacry- 
malis. 

irymal  Duct,  Lachrymal  Canal. 

:vm\i.  Pos8A,  Fossa  -en  Fo'vea  laeryma' - 

slight  depression  at  the  upper  part  of  the 

i    -  the  lachrymal  gland. 

La<   [RYMAl    Glahd,  Olan'dula  laeryma' lis  sen 

innomina'ta  I   in  a  depression  of 

I  tal  bone  at  the  upper,  anterior,  and  outer 

part   of  the   orbit      It  is  of  about   the   size   of  an 

almond  :  and   of  an   oval   shape,   flattened   above 

_:  at  diameter  being  the  an  rem- 

i  eral  small  lobules, 

united  by  areolar  tissue,  and  separated  by  it  as 

and  nerves  which  creep  in  the 

.  .u  or  eight  excre- 

nrhich  open  behind  the  upper  eyelid. 

•  tbe  tears,  and  pour  them  on 

ibe  of  the  eye  by  tl xeretory  ducts. 

:vm  vt.  Qh  ymale, 

bony  channel,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal 

.    ;it    tin'  anterior  and  inner  part 

of  the  orbit,  and  is  formed  by  the  os  unguis  and 

ending  pro< —  of  the  upper  jaw  bone. 

Lachrymal  Bbrxia,  Lachrymal  Tumour,  Her* - 

'.  ii  ryma'lis,  is  when  the  tears  enter  the 

E.  and  accumu- 
oalled  Dropsy  of  (lit  La- 

illest  of  the  three 
branch,--  formed  by  the  ophthalmic  nerve.     It  is 

Ited,  particularly,  to    the    lachrymal  gland 

the  upper  eyelid.     In  it-  course  it  gives 
llary  ami  a  malar  filament. 
Lachrymal  Papilla,  see  Lachrymal  Po 

ym  \i.   P  \.-  \t.i  >.   1  '.',/•  laeryma' It  t,     I". 
V  concerned  in  the 

tears,  in  spreading  them  over  the 
i  taking  them  up  again  to  transmit  them 
•   nasal  fosBSB.     The    lachrymal    p  I 


are  composed   of  the  lachrymal  gland,  caruncle, 
puueta,    duets,    lachrymal   sac,  and    nasal   duct, 
which,  together,  form  the  lachrymal  appa 
pan  il  lacrimal. 
Lachrymal  I'i  s<  i  \.  Puneta  Lacryma'lia,  Spi- 
ram'iua    Palpebra'rum,  (F.)    Points    laerymuux, 
small,  round,  and  contractile  openings, 
situate  in  the  centre  of  a  tubercle  or  papilla,  /'</- 
pilla  laeryma' lis,  Tuber1  culum  lacryma'li,  about 
a  line  and  a  half  distant  from  the  inner  commis- 
sure of  the  eyelids,  and  continuous    with    the   i"- 
ehrymal  ducts.     These  ducts,  Lacryma'les  Caua- 
licfuli,   •  <i   Ductus  lacryma'les,  Ductus 

lacrymales  laU  ra'les  sen  puncto'rum  laeryma'lium, 
for' nun  lacryma'lia  sen  lima' cum,  Collic'ia  puue- 
('/ruin    laoryma'lium,    Canalic'nli  lima' cum, 
Conduit*  I  n<- ri/ in  mix,  are  two  in  number — a  suj,<- 

rior   and    an    in/' riot which    extend    from    the 

i  puneta  to  the  lachrymal  sac.  They  seem  formed 
by  a  very  delicate  prolongation  of  the  conjunc- 
tiva, which  is  continuous  with  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  lachrymal  sac,  (F.)  Reservoir  ilit 
larmes : — the  Saccus  .-en  Sinus  sen  Lacus  laery- 
ma'lis,  Dacryocys'tis,  Infnndib' ulum  lacryma'li. 
Lachrymal  Tubercle,  see  Lachrymal  puneta. 

LACHRYMAL  VEINS  accompany  the  artery  of 
the  same  name,  and  open  into  the  ophthalmic  and 
palpebral  veins. 

LACIIRYMATION,  Lacryinatio  —  1.  Sangui- 
neous. DacrybSBmorrbysis. 

LACI'NIA,  "a  hem  or  fringe.' 

LACINLffi  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

LAWS,  Plexus. 

L  ACM  US,  Lichen  roccella. 

Lacmi  s  Tinctorius,  Lichen  roccella. 

LACONICUM,  Vaporarium,  see  Stove. 

LA  OQ,  Laomeus. 

LACK  IMA.  Tear. 

LACRUMA,  Tear. 

LACRYMA,  Tear. 

LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal. 

LACRYMA'TIO,  Lachryma'tion,  Epiphora. 
Also,  a  profuse  secretion  of  tears  from  any  cause: 
— weeping,  Fletus,  Plora'tio,  Plora'tus. 

LACRYMINE,  see  Tears. 

LACTALBUMEN,  Casein. 

LACTANS,  Nurse. 

LACTA'RIUM,  Lacticin'iwn  ;  from  lac,  'milk.' 
Food  prepared  from  milk.     Milk  diet  or  food. 

LAOTA  TE  DE  FEB,  Perri  lactas— I.  de  Qui- 
nine,  Quiniss  lactas. 

LACTA'TION,  Lacta'tio,  Thela'sis,  Thelas'mns, 
from  lacto,  laetatum,  (lac,  'milk.')  'I  suckle.'  '  I 
give  milk.'  Suckling: — the  giving  of  sue/.-,  (F.) 
|  Aflaitemcnt.  The  French  make  four  varii 
lactation.  1.  Aflaitement  mot.  run/  —  Maternal 
Lactation,  when  the  mother  suckles  the  child.  'J. 
.1.  ttranger  mercenaire,  —  when  another  suckles 
it.  H.  A.  artijleiel,  when  the  child  is  brought  up 
by  hand.  I.  .1.  animal,  when  the  child  is  suckled 
by  an  animal. 

LACTE,  Lactic. 

LACTEAL,   Lactic  —  1.   Sac,   see   Lactiferous 

L  It  TE  U.S.  Chyliferous  vessels. 

LACTEIN,  Milk,  solidified. 

L  U3TENS,  Sucking  child. 

L  LCTES,  Mesentery,  Pancreas. 

1.  \<"fi:i rs,  Lactic 

LACTIC,  Lae'teus,  Galac'ticHS,  Oalac'tinns, 
hoi, <il,  milky,  (F.)  Lactt,  Laiteux,  from  Ine, 
laeti;  'milk.'  Appertaining  to,  or  resembling 
milk. 

Lactic  Arm,  Ae'idum  Lac'tsvm  sen  Laetis  sea 

Lac' ti cum,   Arid  of  milk,   Oalac'tic,  Xan'ceic  or 

Acta!,  (P.)  Acid*   Laetique.    Thi>  has  boon 

recommended  as  a  therapeutical  agent  in  atonic 

lia,  owing  to  its  being  presumed  to  be  one 


LACTICA 


524 


LJEMOSTEXOSIS 


of  the  gastric  acids  secreted  in  health.  It  is 
given  either  in  the  form  of  lemonade  or  of 
lozenges.  The  acid  is  obtained  either  from  milk 
or  from  the  juice  of  the  red  beet. 

LACTICA.  Typhoid. 

LACTICANS,  Nurse. 

LACTIC  IX I  A.  Parotid. 

LACTICINIUSf,  Lactarium. 

L  ACT  I  FERE,  Lactiferous. 

LACTIF'EROUS,  Galactoph'orous,  Lac'tifer, 
(F.)  Lactifere,  from  lac,  lactis,  'milk,'  and  /era, 
'I  carry.'     Milk-conveying. 

Lactiferous  Vessels,  Lactiferous  or  Galac- 

tnph'orouH  Ducts,  Tu'buli  laclifcri,  Ductus  lacti- 
feri  seu  lac'tei,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  ou  conduits  lac- 
tiferes,  are  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  each  of  which,  running  towards  the  nipple, 
dilates  beneath  the  areola  into  an  elongated 
sacculus —  the  lacteal  or  galactophorous  sac,  re- 
ceptacle or  sinus — sac' cuius  seu  sinus  lactiferus. 

Lactiferous  or  Lacteal  Swelling.  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  breast,  supposed  by  Sir  Astley 
Cooper  to  arise  from  a  large  collection  of  milk  in 
one  of  the  lactiferous  tubes,  the  result  of  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  tube  near  the  nipple,  with 
closure  of  its  aperture,  and  obliteration  of  the 
canal  for  an  inch  or  more.  The  tube  requires  to 
be  punctured. 

LACTIF'UGA,  Lac'tifuge,  from  lac,  lactis, 
'milk,'  and  fugo,  'I  drive  away.'  Medicines 
which  dispel  milk. 

LACTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

LACTINE,  Sugar  of  milk. 

LACTIN'IA,  from  lac,  lactis,  'milk.'  Food 
prepared  with  milk. 

LACTIPOTOR.  Galactopotes. 
_  LACTIS  CONCRETIOXES,  Infarctus  Mam- 
ma3  lacteus. 

LACTIS  REDUNDANTIA,  Galactia  — 1.  Re- 
tentio,  Galactischesis — 1.  Sanguinolenti  Excretio, 
Galactohaemia. 

LACTISUGIUM,  Antlia  lactea. 

LACTIVORUS,  Galactophagous. 

LACTOCELE,  Galactocele. 

LACTOLINE,  Milk,  solidified. 

LACTOMETER,  Galactometer. 

LACTOSE,  Sugar  of  milk. 

LACTU'CA,  from  lac,  lactis,  'milk;'  so  ealled, 
from  its  milky  juice.  Lactuca  Sati'va,  Lettuce, 
Card  en  Lettuce,  Eunu'chiuin  JFeco'nis,  Thridax, 
Cherbas,  (F.)  Laitue  ordinaire.  Ord.  Composite, 
is  used  as  a.  wholesome  salad.  The  seeds  pos- 
sess a  quantity  of  oil,  which,  when  formed  into 
an  emulsion,  has  been  advised  in  ardor  urina?,  <fec. 

The  inspissated  juice,  Lactuca'rium,  Tkrid'ace, 
Lettuce  opium,  resembles,  in  odour  and  appear- 
ance, that  of  opium,  and  is,  like  it,  narcotic,  but 
uncertain.     Dose,  gr.  j  to  x,  and  more. 

Lactuca  Elongata,  see  L.  virosa — 1.  Graveo- 
lens,  L.  virosa  —  1.  Floridana,  Mulgedium  Flori- 
da num. 

Lactuca  Scari'ola,  L.  Sylres'tris,  Scariola, 
(F.)  Laitue  Scariole  ou  Sauvage,  possesses  a 
stronger  degree  of  bitterness  than  L.  sativa.  It 
has  similar  virtues  with  Z.  virosa. 

Lactuca  Sylvestris,  L.  scariola — 1.  Villosa, 
Mulgedium  acuminatum. 

LACTUCA  Viro'sa,  L.grav'eolens,  Strong-scented 
Lettuce,  (F.)  Laitue  vi reuse.  The  odour  of  this 
plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are  used  in  medicine, 
is  stronsly  narcotic,  and  the  taste  bitter.  They 
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient:  and  have 
been  used  in  dropsies.  Lactn'ca  elanga'ta,  Wild 
Lettuce  of  the  United  States,  has  been  employed 
for  L.  virosa. 

LACTUCARIUM.  see  Lactuca. 

LACTUCIMEN,  Aphtha?. 

LACTUCIMINA,  Aphtha?. 

LACTUMEN,  Porrigo  larvalis. 


LACTUMINA,  Aphtha?. 

LACU'NA,  Canalic'ulue,  diminutive  of  Incus, 
'a  lake  or  deep  ditch.'  A  Fossa  or  Ditch.  A 
small  cavity  in  a  mucous  membrane,  the  parietes 
of  which  secrete  a  viscid  humour.  It  is  used 
synonymously  with  crypt.  Also,  the  external 
opening  of  such  cavity. 

Lacuna,  Crypta,  Fontanella  —  1.  Cerebri,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  brain,  Pituitary  gland. 

Lacuna  seu  Sulcus  seu  Sul'culis  La'bii 
Siperio'ris,  Amab'ile,  Amato'rium,  Philtrttm, 
Phile'trum.  The  hollow  of  the  upper  lip  under 
the  nose. 

Lacuna  Magna,  see  Urethra. 

Lacunae,  see  Urethra. 

Lacuna  of  Bone.  Certain  dark  stellate  spots, 
with  thread-like  lines  radiating  from  them,  seen 
under  a  high  magnifying  power.  These  were  at 
first  believed  to  be  solid  osseous  or  hone  corpuscles 
or  cells,  Corpus'cula  os'sium,  Corpuscles  of  Pur- 
kinje,  (F.)  Cellules  des  os  ou  oss^uses,  Corpuscules 
des  os  ou  noirs  ou  ramifies  ou  calcaires,  Osteo- 
plast es ;  but  are  now  regarded  as  excavations  in 
the  bone  —  Sac'culi  chalicoph'ori  —  with  minute 
tubes  or  canaliculi  proceeding  from  them,  and 
communicating  with  the  Haversian  canals.  The 
lacuna?  and  canaliculi  are  fibres  concentrated  in 
the  transit  of  nutrient  fluid  through  the  osseous 
tissue. 

Lacunae  Graafia'n^e,  L.  muco'sce  vulva.  The 
mucous  follicles  of  the  vagina. 

Lacunae  Mucosae  Vulvae,  L.  Graaflana?  —  1. 
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

LACU'NAR.  La'quear,  'an  arched  roof.'  The 
roof  of  a  chamber.     Hence, 

Lacu'nar  Or'bit^e.     The  roof  of  the  orbit. 

Lacunar  Ventriculi  Quarti  Superior,  Yal- 
vula  Vieussenii. 

LACUXE  DE  LA  LANGUE,  Ca?cum  fora- 
men. 

LACUS  LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 

Lacus  Lacrvma'rum.  A  small  space  in  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye  between  the  lids,  towards 
which  the  tears  flow,  and  at  which  the  triangular 
canal  formed  between  the  closed  lids  terminates. 

LADA,  Piper  nigrum. 

LADANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LADEXDO,  Influenza. 

LADIES  MANTLE,  Alchemilla. 

LADIES'  SLIPPER,  SHOWY,  Cypripedium 
spectabile  —  1.  Slipper,  stemless,  Cypripedium. 
acaule — 1.  Slipper,  vellow,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

LADIES'  SMOCK,  Cardamine  praHensis. 

LjADRE.  Leprous. 

LADREliJE  (F.),  from  ladre,  <a  leper.'  (F.) 
Lcproserie,  Maladrerie.  A  vulgar  name  for 
elephantiasis,  or  lepra.  Also,  an  hospital  for  the 
reception  of  the  leprous,  Leprosa'rium,  Domus 
leprosa'iia.  Leper  hospital. 

LADYBIRD,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADYBUG,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADYCOW.  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

LADY  CRESPIGNY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae 
Aloes  et  Kina?  Kina?. 

Laj>v  Hesketh's  Pills,  see  Pilula?  Aloes  et 
Kina?  Kina?. 

Lady  Webster's  Pills,  see  Pilula?  Aloes  et 
Kina?  Kina?. 

LADY'S  THUMB,  Polygonum  persicaria. 

L^EDENS,  pi.  Lcpden't'ia,  from  laedo,  'to  hurt.' 
Anv  tliinsr  hurtful  or  injurious,  as  to  the  economy. 

LiEMOPARALYSIS,  OSsophagoplegia. 

L^MOS,  Pharynx. 

L  JR  M  0  S  C  I  R  '  R  II U  S,  Cancer  pharyu'gis  et 
cesoph'agi,  Lamosteno'sis  seu  Dyspha'gia  scirrho'- 
sa ;  from  \ai\io*;,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus.' 
Cancer  of  the  pharvnx  or  oesophagus. 

L^MOSTENOSIS,  Dysphagia  constricta^ 
1.  Scirrhosa,  Leeinoscirrhus. 


L.ESIO 


LAMINARIA   DIGITATA 


T.  ESIO,  Lesion  —  1.  Continui,  sec  Continuity, 

SOltlt  )>>!)  of. 

L.F.  I  [FIC  W'TIA.  from  JaHfica    [Imtue,  and 
•  I  make  glad.'     Medicines  formerly  used 
lials,  in  depression  of  spirits,  Ac 
[GATIO,  Levigation. 
1,  EVITAS  [NTESTINORUM,  Lientery. 
iMUM,  II  it 
\K  \,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
],\i,NI'l  \.  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 

SKSTS,  Furor  Pemininns,  Nymphoma- 
nia—  |.  Furor  masoalinus,  Satyriasis  —  1.  Salaci- 
t  a  - .  S  a  t  j 

I.  \',Ni:iM  \.  Coition,  Sperm. 
LAGN1  \.  Satyriasis. 

fOSIS,  Satyriasis. 
LAGOCHEILUS,  Harelip. 
LAGONES.  Flanks. 
L  ^GONOPONOS,  Pleurodynia, 
LAGONTOMUM,  Harelip. 

lOPHTHAL'MIA,    from    Uyog,   '  a   hare,' 

and  o    )a\pof,  'aneye.'     Lagophthnl'mua,  Lepori'- 

tiu«  Oe'ulue,  ffare'a  Eye  ;  (¥.)  CEil  de  Li&vre.     A 

arrangement  of  the  upper  eyelid,  which 

is  so  retracted  that  it  cannot  cover  the  globe  of 

:  -  eep.     ft  has  been  asserted  that 

ndition  of  the  eye  is  natural  in  the  hare 

when  a 

LAGOPHTHALMUS,  Lagoph  thai  una,  Geum 
urhun.ni. 

L  IGOSTOMA,  Harelip. 

I.  {Q    TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 

LATCHE,  Sarsnparilla  Gerinanica —  I.  des  Sa-  II 

-  irsaparilla  Germanica. 

LA  IT,  Milk  —  /.  Adoueiaeant,  Looeh  ex  ovo — 

/.  d'.liM^',  Milk,  asses'  —  /.  tfAmandee,  Emulsio 

amygdalae  —  I.  d'Aaafaetida,  Mjstura    asafoetidee 

•re,  Buttermilk  —  /.  <!>■   Brebie,  Milk, 

ewes'  —  I.    Caille,    Curds  —  /.    de    Chiore,    Milk. 

-I.  EpanchS,  L.  rfpandu —  /.  de  Femme, 

Milk,  human — /.  de  Jument,  Milk,  mares' — I.  de 

Poule,  see  Ovum. 

LAIT   R&PANDU,  (F.)  L.  ipanehi.     A  po- 
pular expression  in  France,  under  which  is  com- 
prehended every  kind  of  disease  (anil  particularly 
occurring  after  delivery  :  all  being 
!  to  diffusion  or  deposition  of  milk. 
/.  1,'/'  DK   TERRE,  Magnesias  earbonas— I. 
I  ilk  of  the  cow — /.   Virginal,  Virgin's 
milk. 

LATTEUX,  Lactic. 

IAITERON  DOUX,  Sonchus  oloraceus. 
IAITIAT,    F.)  Sour  whey,  in  which  different 
wild  fruits  have  been  macerated.  Said  to  be  much 
in  the  Jura  as  a  refreshing  drink. 
LAITUE  ORDINAIRE,  Lettuce—?.  Sauvage, 
iriola  —  /.   Sbarinle,   Lactuca    scariola 
— 1.  Vi  ■  •-■ .  I.i  stucs  ■. 

L  VI  IV.  La'ici ;  from  a.io?,  'the  people.'  For- 
merly,   and    generally    at    tin;    present    day.    the 
mished    from    the   clergy.      Fre- 
quently, however,  employed  in  the  sense  of  the 
as  distinguished  from  those  of  the  other 
learn-  A  layman  is  one  of  the  laity. 

LAKEWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 
I.  \  1.1  \.  Voice,  srticul  ite  I. 
LALI  I'TION,     Lalla'tio,     Lambdaeit'mtu, 
Labdacia'mne,    Lnl'laby    tpeeeh.     Sewages,    ases 
this  I  r- u  for  a  vicious  pronunciation,  in  which 
the  letter  L  is  improperly  doubled,  or  softened, 
bstituted  for  It. 
L  \  M  \'*.    \  ■  i,i;l.  gruntim!. 
LAMBDACISMUS,  Lnll  ition. 
LAMBDOID,  Lambda  'oVden,  Lamb, 

do'dee,   Lambdoidene,  from  the   Greek   letter  a, 
•   semblance.'     Ana- 
given  the  name  Lambdoio  ilSpturr, 
Sutu'ra  Lambdoida'He  t    ■  u  lumb- 


doidea  sen  Prora,  to  the  suture,  formed  by  the 
parietal     hones    and    the   occipital.    becan>. 

Bemblea  the  letter  A,  lambda,  of  the  Greeks.  It 
i~  the  Occipito-parietal  enture,  Suture  occipitale, 

(Ch.)  In  this  suture,  the  0SS8  Wormiana  are 
most  frequently  met  with  ;  and  the  denticulatious 
arc  most  distinctly  marked. 

LAMBEAU,  Flap. 

1.  LMBITIVUM,  Ecl< 

LAMBKILL,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

LAMBKILLER,  Andromeda  mariana. 

/.AM/J.  Lamina  —  /.  Cornte,  Tsenia  semicircu- 
laris — /.  Ruyachienne,  Ruyschiana  tunica. 

LAMELLA,  Lamina— 1.  Plana,  Planum  OB. 

LAMEL'LAR,  Lamello'eiu,  Lam'inated,  (F.) 
Lamelleux,  Lamineux,  composed  of  thin  lain  in  se 
or  leaves  —  as  t'ne  Lamellar  or  laminated  tin*  tie  ; 
i.  e.  the  areolar  tlnnue. 

LAMELLEUX,  Lamellar. 

LAMENESS,  Claudication. 

LAMIER,  Lamium  album. 

LAM'INA,  Lain  el' la,  (F.)  Lame.  A  thin,  flat 
part  of  a  bone,  a  plate  or  table,  as  the  cribriform 
lamina  or  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  Lamina 
and  Lamella  are  generally  used  synonymously  ; 
although  the  latter  is  properly  a  diminutive  of 
the  former. 

Lamina  Ciliarts,  Ciliary  zone. 

Lam 'm A  Cinkr'ka.  A  thin  layer  of  gray  sub- 
stance, which  forms  the  anterior  part  of  the  infe- 
rior boundary  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Lam'ina  Cor'nea,  Ta'nia  Tari'ni.  A  yellow- 
ish band  or  a  thickening  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  ventricle,  by  which  the  vena  corporis 
striati  is  overlaid  in  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain. 

LAMINA  Cribrosa,  Cribriform  lamella  —  1.  Cri- 
brosa ossis  ethmoidei,  see  Crible" —  1.  Fusca,  see 
Sclerotic — 1.  Medullaris  triangularis  cerebri.  Lyra 
— 1.  Papyracea,  Planum  os — 1.  Perforata  anterior, 
Locus  perforates  anticus — 1.  Perforata  posterior, 
see  Tarini  pons. 

Lamina  Peritonei  Externa.  The  outer  la- 
mina or  fold  of  the  peri  ton  teum. 

Lamina  Prima  Cutis,  Epidermis. 

Lamina  Spira'lis,  Septum  aeaUs  sen  eoch'lea 
andito'ria.  A  partition  between  the  Bcalse  of 
the  cochlea.  The  largest  part  of  this,  next  the 
modiolus,  is  formed  of  bone.  The  remainder,  or 
that  part  next  the  opposite  side  of  the  BCalSB,  is 
composed  of  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  called,  by 
Valsalva,  Zona  ?ow  Zo'nula  Cock'Iem.  By  some 
anatomists,  the  lamina  is  divided  into  a  Zona 
oe'eea  and  Z.  mollie.  By  others,  it  is  considered 
to  consist  of  four  lamina-,  when  examined  with  a 
Btrong  glass:  a  Zona  oe'eea,  next  to  the  modiolus 
—  &  Zona  coria'cea,  on  the  outer  side  of  this  :  a 
Zona  veeictila'rie  —  and  a  Zona  membra na'cea, 
which  is,  perhaps,  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
Cochlea.  At  the  apex  of  the  cochlea,  the  lamina 
spiralis  terminates  by  a  pointed  hook-shaped  pro 
cess,  ham'ulua  lam'ina  apira'lie. 

Lamina  or  a  Vertebra,  see  Vertebra. 
I.vm'ini:    Dorsa'les,    Daraal    lamina.      Ttvn 
oval  masses  on  each  Bide  of  the   primitive  groove 

of  the  embryo,  whioh  approach  so  as  to  form  a 
groove,  in  which  are  lodged  the  future  brain  and 
Spinal  marrow. 

Lamib  I  SPONGIOSJl  Nasi,  Turbinated  bones. 

Lam'in  i:  VbNTRA'LEB,  A.  PtM*ra'/e*.  Thick- 
ened prolongations  of  the  serous  layer  of  the  "Ter- 
minal membrane,  which, by  their  union,  form  tho 
anterior  wall  of  the  trunk  of  the  new  being. 

LAMINA'RIA  DIGITA'TA,  Tangle.  One  of 
the  AlgsB  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked  about 

the  street<  with  the   1 >. •  pper- d u  1  se. 

The  h-af  of  a  sea-weed  —  a  species  of  Lami- 
naria  —  is  employed  in  the  Himalayas  under  tho 


LAMINATED 


526 


LAPIDILLUM 


name  of  goitre  leaf;  so  called  because  chewed  by 
tlif  inhabitants,  where  goitre  prevails. 
LAMINATED,  Lamellar. 
L  AMINE  UN,  Lamellar. 

LA'MIUM  ALBUM,  L.folio'ntm,  Urti'camor'- 
tna,  Gnleop'sis  Archangel ica,  Dead  or  White 
Arch'angel  Nettle,  (F.)  Ortie  blanche  ou  morte, 
(S.)  Day  nettle,  Lamier.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Infu- 
sions of  this  plant  have  been  recommended  in 
urerine  hemorrhage,  and  leucorrhoea.  It  is  not 
used. 

La/miUM  Amplexicau'le,  Dead  Nettle,  Henbit ; 
naturalized;  flowering  from  May  to  October;  is 
regarded  as  tonic,  diaphoretic,  and  laxative. 

Lamium  Foliosum,  L.  album  —  1.  Montanum, 
Melittis  melissophyllum — I.  Plinii,  Melittis  melis- 
sophvlluin — 1.  Rubruin,  Galeopsis. 

LAMOTTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  springs  are  in  the  department  of  Isere, 
France.     Temperature,  184°. 
LAMPOURDE,  Xanthium. 
LAMPROPHO'NUS,  from  \au*pos,  'clear,'  and 
fyuivri,  '  voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  voice. 
LAMPSANA,  Lapsana. 
LAMPYRIS  NOCTILUCA,  Cicindela. 
LANA   PHILOS0PH0RUM,  Zinci  oxydum. 
LANARIA.  Saponaria,  Yerbascum  nigrum. 
LANCE  DE  MA  URICEA  If,  (F.)     An  instru- 
ment invented  by  Mauriceau  for  perforating  the 
head  of  the  foetus.     A  perforator. 
LANCE  LET,  Lancet. 
LANCEOLA,  Lancet. 

LANCET,  Lance'ola,  Lancet'ta,  Schaste'rion, 
Scalp um  chirur'gicnm,  Lance'let,  (Prov. )  Fame, 
(F.)  Lancette, —  diminutive  of  lancea,  '  a  lance.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  used  in  the  operation  of 
phlebotomy.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  the 
handle,  (F.)  Chaste,  and  the  blade,  (F.)  Lame. 
The  former  is  made  of  two  small  plates  of  ivory, 
bone,  or  shell,  movable  on  the  blade  for  whose 
preservation  they  are  intended.  The  blade  is 
formed  of  well-polished  steel.  Lancets  are  made 
of  different  shapes  ;  some  being  broad-shouldered 
—  others,  spear-pointed.  The  French  distin- 
guished three  kinds:  1.  Lancette  d  grain  (Forge, 
which,  on  account  of  the  almost  oval  shape  of  its 
point,  makes  a  large  opening.  2.  The  L.  a  lan- 
<jue  de  serpent,  which  is  very  narrow  towards  the 
point;  and,  3.  L.  a  grain  d'avoine,  which  holds  a 
medium  station  between  the  two  former,  and  is 
generally  preferred. 

The  Abscess  Lancet  is  merely  a  large  lancet  for 
the  purpose  of  opening  abscesses. 

The  employment  of  a  lancet,  for  opening  ab- 
scesses, &c,  is  called  Lancing. 
LANCET  PA.  Lancet, 
LANCETTE,  Lancet. 
LANCETTIEE,  (F.)     A  lancet-case. 
LANCtNANT,  Lancinating. 
LAN'CTNATING,  Lan'cinans,  from  lancinare, 
lancinatum    (lancea,    'a    lance,'),    'to     strike    or 
thrust    through.'     (F.)    Lancinant,    (substantive, 
Elancement.)     A  species  of  pain,  which  consists 
in  lancinations  or  shootings,  similar  to  those  that 
would  be  produced  by  the  introduction  of  a  sharp 
instrument  into  the  suffering    part.     It  is  espe- 
cially in  cancer  that  this  kind  of  pain  is  felt. 

LANCING,  see  Lancet  — 1.  the  Gums,  De- 
chaussement. 

LAND'S  END,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Land's  End,  in  England,  resembles  that 
of  the  south  of  Devonshire,  but  i?  more  relaxing. 
It  is  considered  to  be  most  likely  to  prove  bene- 
ficial in  consumptive  cases,  in  which  the  disease 
is  accompanied  by  an  irritated  state  of  the  pul- 
monary mucous  membrane,  producing  a  dry 
cough.  Where  the  system  is  relaxed,  and  the 
secretion  from  the  lungs  considerable,  the  climate, 
it  is  conceived,  will  generally  prove  injurious. 


As  a  brumal  retreat,  the  southern  coast  of  De- 
vonshire would  seem  to  be  preferable  to  it, 

LANCE  AC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Aci- 
dulous, mineral  waters  at  Langeac,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Haute-Loire,  France.  They  are  em- 
ployed as  refrigerant,  aperient,  and  diuretic. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  soda 
and  magnesia,  and  a  little  iron. 

LANGDEBEF,  Anchusa  officinialis. 
LANGENSCHWALBACH,  Schwalbach. 
LAN'GII  AQUA  EPILEP'TICA,  Epilep'Hc 
Water  of  Langius,  formerly  employed  against 
epilepsy.  It  was  composed  of  the  flowers  of  o>n- 
vallaria  and  lavender,  Spanish  icine,  cinnamon, 
nutmeg,  mistletoe,  peony  and  dittany  roots,  long 
pepper,  cnhebs,  and  rosemary  flowers. 

LANGUE,  Tongue  —  /.  Abaisseur  de  la,  Glos- 
socatochus  —  /.  de  Carpe,  Fish-tongue,  see  Lever 
—  I.  de  C'erf,  Asplenium  seoloperindum  —  I.  de 
Cheval,  Ruscus  hypoglossum — I.  de  Chien,  Cyno- 
glossum — /.  de  Serpent,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 
LANGUEUR,  Languor. 

LANGUOR,  Aph'esis,  Faintness,  (F.)  Langueur. 
A  species  of  atony,  depression,  or  debility,  which 
generally-  comes  on  slowly. 

LANG  WORT,  Vera  tr  urn  album. 
LANK,  Inguen. 

LAN 'TANA,  Sage  Tree,  Blueberry,  (F.)  Cail- 
leau.  The  leaves  of  this  indigenous  plant  form 
a  fine-scented  tea,  like  L.  Camara  or  Bahama 
Tea,  and  L.  Psendothe' a  or  Brazil  Tea.  The  tea 
is  used  as  a  diaphoretic. 

LANU'GO,  Pili cutis,  Pluma,  from  lana,  'wool.' 
The  soft,  fine  hair  on  different  parts  of  the  body, 
especially  of  the  young. 

Lanugo     Prima,     Geneias  —  1.    Pudendorum, 
Pubes — 1.  Siliquae  hirsutae,  see  Dolichos  pruriens. 
LANUVIUM.  Vulva. 

LAON'ICA  CURA'TIO  seu  CURA,  from  Ung, 

'the  people.'     A  popular   mode    of  treating  the 

gout  in  the  middle  ages,  which  consisted  in  the 

i  employment    of    local    applications,    proper    for 

evacuating  the  morbific  matter.  [?] 

LAOS,  Tin. 

LAPACTICUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 
LAPARA,  Abdomen,  Flanks,  Lumbi. 
LAPARENTEROTOMIA,  Laparo  enterotomy. 
LAPAROCE'LE,    from    \anaoa,   'the    lumbar 
region,'    and    Kt/\n,   'rupture.'     Lumbar    Hernia, 
through  a  separation  of  the  fibres  of  the  quadra- 
j  tus  lumborum,  and  a  protrusion  of  the  aponeu- 
|  rosis  of  the  transverse  muscle  on  the  outside  of 
the  mass  common  to  the  sacro-lumbalis  and  lon- 
gissimus  dorsi. — Cioquet. 

LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA,  Cesarean  section. 
LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,  Lap'aro-entero- 
tom'ia,  Laparenterotom'ia,  from  Xaitapa,  '  the  lum- 
bar region,'  the  'abdomen,'  tvrzyov,  'intestine,' 
and  to//!/,  'incision.'  The  operation  of  opening 
the  abdomen  and  intestinal  canal,  for  the  removal 
of  disease. 

LAPAROSCOPIA,  Abdorainoscopia. 
LAPAROTOMY.  Gastrotoray,  especially  when 
executed  in  the  lumbar  region.  See  Gastrotomy. 
LAPATHOS,  Rumex  acutus  — 1.  Aquaticum, 
Rumex  hydrolapathum —  1.  Chinense.  Rheum  — 
1.  Orientale,  Rheum  —  1.  Sanguineum,  Rumex 
sanguineus — 1.  Unctuosum,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Ilenricus. 

LAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus— 1.  Aciirum.  Ru- 
mex acutus  —  1.  Hortense.  Rumex  patientia  —  1. 
Pratense,  Rumex  acetosus — 1.  Scutatum,  Rumex 
scutatus  —  1.  Sylvestre,  Rumez  acutus,  R.  obtu- 
sifolius. 

LAPAXIS.  Evacuation. 

LAPE,  Mucus. 

LAPIDIL'LUM,  from  lapis,  '  a  stone.'   Blasius 


L  A  P  I  L  L  A  T I  0 


52 


LARYNGEAL 


.  to  a  kind  Bed  for 

extracting  .-t"iie  from  the  bladder. 
LAPILLATIO,  Lithia. 

LAPILLI  GLAND1  L.F  PINEALIS,  tee  Pi- 
neal gland. 

L  \!'l  L'LUS,  diminutive  "f  ! 

ivelj  a  grain  of  sand. 
LAPIS,  Calcolua  —  i.  Accipitruin,  Hieraeites 
—  LAerosne,  Calamina  —  1.  Ammonia ci,  see  Ain- 
nuniaa  gum — 1.  Animalis,  Blood  —  1.  Armenius, 
; . I . •  1 . . . - 1 1 1 1 » ■  s  — - 1.  Aureus,  Crine —  1.  Besoardicus, 
Besoar— I.  Caeruleus,  Cupri  sulphas  —  1.  Calami- 
naris,  Calamina  —  1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian  —  1. 
Caut>ticus,  i'  tassa  com  ealee,  Potassa  fnsa  —  1. 
Colly  m  us,  JStites — I.  Contrayervse,  Pnlvu 
vea  compositns —  1-  Cyanus,  L  lazuli. 

H08,  L.  Ophthal'mieua  &6VL  OphthaV- 
Caprum  alumina' turn,  (F.)  Pier- 
re divine,  ( Cupri  tulphat.,  Alumin.f  Potaea,  nitrat. 
Melt  together,  adding  at  the  end  Cam- 
Km  ployed    to   make   an   eye-water, 

o'.i  :,,i  ,"i"tF  oiv- 

-   I  i  tMiNKfs,  Cera  union  —  1.  Hematites, 

Hematite — 1.  Heracleus,  Magnet — 1.  Infernalis, 

nitras —  1.  Infernalis   alkalinus,    PotaS8S 

!.    Infernalis    sive    septicus,    Potassa    euni 

ealce — 1.  Judaicus,  Judaaus  (lapis). 

Lapis  Lazi'i.i,   A.  Cy'anna,  Aaulci,  Laz'ulite,  i 

1".      /    •      •    cTaxur,     Outremer.      A    stone,    of   a 

beautiful  blue  colour;  opake ;  and  close-grained  ; 

fracture,  dull.     It  is  composed  of  siles  :  alumina  : 

ear  bona  te  and  Bulphate  of  lime;   oxide  of  iron, 

and  water.     It  was   formerly  looked  upon  as  a 

i'l  emetic,  and  <;iven  in  epilepsy. 

3    Maldcbnsis,    Besoar d    of   the    Indian 

porcupine  —  1.  Nauticus,  Magnet  —  1.  Ophthalmi- 

.  Divinus —  1.  Ophthalmicus  St.  Ivesii,  L. 

Divinus  —  1.  Phoenicites,  Judseus  (lapis)  — 1.  Por- 

einus,  Besoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine — -1.  Pru- 

!'  >tas*S9    nitras    fuBUS    sulpliatis    paUCtllo 

rnixtua  —  1.    Sardius,     Cornelian  —  1.    Septicus, 

i  tn  commune,   Potassa  fusa  —  1.  Specula- 

lucidum  —  1.  Byderitis,  Magnet  —  I.  Syri- 

■ons,  Jndssus  (lapis) —  1.  Vini.  Potasses  Bupertar- 

tnpums. 

I.  \!TA.  Arctium  lappa,  Galium  sparine,  Lip- 

pitudo  —  1.  Minor.  Xantliinni. 

I.  IPPULA  BEP  \TK'A.  Agrimony. 
LAP'SANA,  Lamp'aana,  Na'pium,  Papilla'- 
tie  herba,  Doek-crenet,  Nipple-Wort,  (So.)  fiol~ 
V.)  Lampaane,  Berbe  am  Ufamelfea. 
This  plant  is  a  lactescent  hitter.  It  has 
chiefly  employed,  however,  as  an  external  appli- 
cation to  gore  nipples, 

LAPSUS  PILORUM,  Alopecia. 
Laqueos. 

!    E,   I. arm. 

.   !  P.  I.  ounar. 

La'qi  BAB  Vii;:'\'t:,  Fundut  Vagina}  (inqnear. 

■the  inward  roof  nl   a  house').     The  part  of  the 

i  in  which  tli-  c.Tvix  uteri  termin  • 

1,  \  QUEUS,  /•       .     A  cord,  ligature  or  ban- 

with   running  knots:— a  Nooee,  a  loop.     A 

Brockoa,  Paeh'eto*.  I  FA  Lac,  Lnq  on  /.,„■.,. 

1  to  a  bandage  or  fillet  of  any 

km  I,  attached    by  means  of  a    loop  upon    any 

■  be  view  <»f  Using  it :   as  in  certain 

•  labour,  where  a  hand  or  foot  presents; 

•  •r  to  facilitate  extension  in  luxations  anil  frao- 

—  A  prominent  hand  in  the  hrain.  Lem- 

nd  the   brachium    postering  of  the 

ladriperoioa,  which    murks  the  coarse 

luperinT  division  of  the  fasciculus  olivarta. 

_  I-  w  i  us,  •  \ -f  the   throat' 

inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  in  wbiefa  the 
a  if  suffocated  by  a  do  ise.     Ao- 
•  'mi',  gangren  iui  oynauehe. 

LA  110 11,  Pinus  larix. 


LARP.  Adeps. 

LARDACl?,  Lardaa 

1.  \1M>  I'CEOUS,  Larda'cvm,  lar'deua,  lard?- 

i/oriii,  l.nifl ifur' mix,  (P.)  Lardaei  j  from  lunhim, 
'lard,'  the  tat  of  bacon.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  organic  alterations  in  the  textures,  whose 

aspecl  and  consistence  resemble  lard.  (F.)  Tiaana 
lardacta.  They  constitute  what  has  been  termed 
the  Larda'eeoua  or  Choi' eateritu    Dictate.      From 

their  waxy  appearance  the  pathological  condition 
has  been  called  Cero'vna. 

LARDEUS,  Lardaceous. 

LARDIFORM,   Lardaceous. 

LARDUM,  tdeps. 

LA  ROE,  Broad. 

LARIDUM,  Adept. 

LARIX.    Pinus   larix — 1.   Communis,   Pinus 

larix  —  1.  Deeidua,  Pinus  larix  —  1.  Europiva,  P'- 
nus  larix— 1.  Pyramidalis,  Finns  larix. 

LARKSPUR,  BRANCHING,  Delphinium  con- 
solida. 

LARME,  Tear. 

LAR3/OIE3IENT,  Epiphora. 

LAROCHK  POSAY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
'if.  Simple  Buphurous  waters  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  Prance. 

LAR'REA  MEXICA'NA,  I.  gfatino'nm,  Cre'- 

asote  plant.  Order,  Zvejoph vliaeeaj.  A  shruh, 
growing  in  Arkansas,  Southern  Texas.  New  .Mexi- 
co, and  Northern  Mexico,  which  abounds  in  a, 
Strong-scented  resinous  matter;  and  is  used,  ex- 
ternally and  internally,  in  rheumatism,  and  in 
syphilitic,  and  other  pains. 

L  \KYA.  Mask.  Also  the  larve,  grvb,  or  ver- 
miform condition  of  an  insect  :  the  first  change 
it  experiences  after  tearing  the  ovum.  Larves 
of  insects  are  occasionally  developeil  in  the  in- 
testinal canal  from  ova  swallowed.     See  Ectozoa. 

LASVB,  Mask. 

LARV£,  Masked. 

LAi:VXr,k\  Laryngeal. 

LARTNGE'AL,  Laryuge'tu,  (F.)  LarymgS, 
Laryngien.  Same  etymon  as  Larynx.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  larynx. 

LarvngeAL  ARTERIES  are  given  off  from  the 
thyroid  arteries. 

Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfa  Laryngta, 
are  two  in  number; — a  superior  and  an  inferior. 
The  tvperior  laryngeal  nerve  is  given  off  from 
the  trunk  of  the  pneumogastrie,  at  the  nppi  r 
and  deep  part  of  the  neck.  It  passes  downwards 
and  inwards,  behind  the  internal  carotid  artery, 
and  divides  into  two  secondary  branches ;  the 
one,  external,  whieh  distributes  its  filaments,  on 
the  outside  of  the  larynx,  to  the  sterno-thyroid, 
hyo-thyroid,  constrictor  inferior,  orieo-thyroid 
muscles,  4c.  The  other,  the  internal,  which 
the  thyro-byoid  membrane,  and  L'iv.s 
filaments  to  the  epiglottis,  the  mucous  mem- 
branes of  the  pharynx  and  larynx,  to  the  aryte- 
noid gland,  the  arytenoid  and  crico-thyroid  mus- 
eles,  and  ultimately  anastomoses  with  the  inferior 
laryngeal  nerve.  The  inferior  laryngeal  nerve* 
or  recnr' rente,  Nervi  reverei'vi,  l!<<m<  <<ni  Tra- 
chianz  f ChaUS.,)  arise  from  the  trunk  of  the 
pneumogastric  within  the  thorax.  They  ascend 
in  the  furrow,  which  separates  the  trachea  from 
npbagus,  to  he  distributed  on  the  neck, 
after  baring  been  reflected  :  —  tin1  left  around  the 
and)  of  the  aorta  :  the  right,  around  the  corre- 
pponding  subclavian.  They  send  off  filaments 
to  the  cardiac  plexusea;  to  tlif  parietes  of  the 
oesophagus,  and  trachea  :  to  the  thyroid  gland  ; 
to   the   inferior  constrictor  of    the   pharynx;    the 

posterior  and  lateral  crico- arytenoid  and  thyro- 
arytenoid muscles  ;  arid  to  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  pharynx  and  larynx. 

LabTHGEAL  Phthisis,  Phthisis,  laryngeal. 


LARYNGECIIE 


528 


LARYNX 


Laryngeal  Pouches.  Small  culs-de-sac,  which  I 
lead  from  the  anterior  part  of  each  ventricle  of 
the  larynx  upwards,  for  the  space  of  half  an  inch, 
between  the  superior  ligaments  on  the  inner  side, 
and  the  thyroid  cartilage  on  the  outer,  reaching 
as  high  as  the  upper  border  of  that  cartilage  at 
the  sides  of  the  epiglottis.  Numerous  small  glands 
open  into  them. 

Laryngeal  Sound,  Laryngeche. 

Laryngeal  Veins  open  into  the  internal  jugu- 
lar. Winslow  gives  the  name  laryngeal  to  the 
superior  thyroid  artery. 

Laryngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 

LARYXGE'CHE,  from  larynx,  and  vxv,  or 
V\0i'  '  suuml-'  The  laryngeal  sound  heard  by  the 
Stethoscope  during  breathing  and  speaking. 

LARYXGEMPHRAX'IS,  from  larynx,  and 
e/jappa^is,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the  larynx 
from  any  cause. 

LARYNGIEN,  Laryngeal. 

LARYXGISM'US,  from  larynx.  Spasm  of 
glottis,  giving  occasion  to  contraction  or  closure 
of  the  opening. 

LARYNGISMUS  STRIDULUS,  Asthma  thy- 
inicum. 

LARYXGITE,  Laryngitis— I.  Muquense,  La- 
ryngitis (simple) — I.  GEdemate-use,  Oedema  of  the 
glottis — /.  (Edemateuse  et  sero-pnrulente,  (Edema  I 
of  the  glottis — I.  avec  Production  de  Fausses 
membranes,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  Pseudo-mem- 
braneuse,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  avec  Secretion 
de  Pus,  Phthisis  laryngea — I.  Sus-glottiqne, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  I.  Striduleuse,  Asthma 
thymicum  —  I.  Sous-tnuqueuse,  GUdeina  of  the 
glottis. 

LARYXGI'TIS,  from  larynx,  and  itis,  a  suffix 
denoting  inflammation  ;  Iujiamma'tio  Laryn'gis, 
Cynanche  seu  Angi'na  larynge'a,  (F.)  Larynyite, 
Catarrhe  laryngien,  Angine  larynge,  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  Larynx.  This  disease,  in  some  mea- 
sure, resembles  croup ;  but  is  usually  devoid  of 
that  peculiar  sonorous  inspiration,  which  attends 
the  latter.  There  is,  also,  pain  upon  pressing 
the  larynx  ;  and,  whilst  laryngitis  is  a  disease  of 
more  advanced  life,  croup  attacks  children.  The 
membraniform  exudation  is,  also,  absent;  pro- 
bably, because  the  inflammation,  being  seated 
above  the  glottis,  the  coagulable  lymph  is  readily 
expectorated.  It  requires  the  most  active  treat- 
ment. 

Simple  Laryngitis  is  called  by  some  mucous 
Laryngitis,  Laryngitis  acu'ta  seu  muco'sa  acuta, 
(F.)  Larynyite  muqueuse,  to  distinguish  it  from 
submucous  Laryngitis  or  (Edema  of  the  glottis. 

Chronic  Laryngitis  is  generally  regarded  as 
synonymous  with  laryngeal  phthisis;  but  it  may 
exist  independently. 

Laryngitis  Acuta,  Laryngitis  —  1.  Chronic, 
see  Phthisis  Laryngea — 1.  Exsudativa,  Cynanche 
trachealis — 1.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis 
— 1.  Mucosa  acuta,  Laryngitis — 1.  Mucous,  Laryn- 
gitis (simple) — 1.  Edematous,  (Edema  of  the  glot- 
tis— 1.  Polyposa,  Cynanche  trachealis — 1.  Seropu- 
rulenta,  (Edema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  Submucous, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  et  Tracheitis  chronica, 
see  Phthisis  laryngea — 1.  et  Tracheitis  infantilis, 
Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS,  Catarrhus  Laryn- 
geus  et  trachea' lis.  Catarrh  affecting  the  larynx 
and  trachea  more  especially,  as  indicated  by  al- 
teration of  the  voice  — hoarseness  —  itching  and 
sensation  of  burning  in  those  parts  ;  short  cough 
and  expectoration.  &c. 

L  A  R  Y  X  G  0  -  E  T-T  R  A  C  H  E  O-PIITHISIS, 
Phthisis  laryngea. 

JjARY^GOQ'RAVUY. Laryngogra'phia ;  from 
larynx,  and  ypa<prj,  'a  description.'  An  anatomi- 
cal description  of  the  larynx. 


LARYXGOL'OGY,  from  larynx,  and  \oyos, 
'treatise.'  A  treatise  on  the  larynx. 
LARYNGOPARALYSIS,  see' Aphonia. 
LARYNGOPH'ONY,  Laryngnpho'nia,  Tra- 
cheoph'ony,  Larynge'al  voice,  Tracheal  voic*: 
from  larynx,  and  (/;io^,  '  voice.'  The  sound  heard 
in  health,  when  the  stethoscope  is  placed  over 
the  larynx  or  trachea  at  the  time  a  person  speaks. 
The  voice  appears  to  pass  immediately  up  to  the 
ear  of  the  auscultator.  A  similar  physical  skn 
exists  when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs,  and 
the  instrument  is  placed  over  it  whilst  the  patient 
speaks.     See  Pectoriloquy. 

LAUYXGOPHTIIISIS,  Phthisis  larvngea. 
LARYXGOSPASMUS,  Asthma  thymicum. 
LARYXGOSTASIS,  Cvnanche  trachealis. 
LARYXGOSTEXO'SIS.     from     laryng,    and 
(TT£vw<ng,    'contraction.'     Contraction   or  narrow- 
ness of  the  larynx. 

L  A  R  Y  X  G  0  T  '  0  M  Y,  Laryngotom'ia,  from 
larynx,  and  rt\xvuv,  'to  cut.'  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  the  larynx,  either 
to  extract  a  foreign  body,  or  to  remedy  an  ob- 
struction of  the  glottis.  The  operation  is,  some- 
times, erroneously  called  Bronchvtomy,  and  Tra- 
chetomy. 

LA  RYXGO -TRACHEITIS.  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis—  1.  Tracheitis  with  Diphtheritic  exuda- 
tion. Cynanche  trachealis. 

JjAH'Y'SX..(gen.Laryngis,)  \ai'Vy^,^apvyyo<;, Ca- 
put seu  Oper'culum  seu  Iuit"ium  seu  Finis  supt' - 
rior  seu  Ter'minus  superior  seu  Pars  prima  fits' - 
perat  arte'rice.  The  apparatus  of  voice  is  situate 
at  the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck  :  and 
at  the  top  of  the  trachea,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates. It  is  composed  of  four  cartilages,  —  the 
thyroid,  cricoid,  and  two  arytenoid  ;  is  moved 
by  a  number  of  muscles,  and  lined  by  a  mucons 
membrane,  having  certain  membranous  reflec- 
tions, constituting  the  stqjerior  ligaments  of  the 
glottis,  &c. 

Parts  composing  the  Larynx. 


f  Thyroid. 

1. 

Cartilages ■ 

Cricoid. 

Two  arytenoid. 
L  Epiglottis. 

r 

'  Sterno-thyroid. 
Constrictors    of    the 

Extrinsic,  ■ 

pharynx. 
All    the   muscles   of 
the  hyoid  region. 

2. 

3Tvscles.  ■ 

Crico-fhyoid. 

Crico-arytenoid,  pos- 
terior. 

Intrinsic.    < 

Cryco-arytenoid,  la- 
teral. 
Thyro-arvtenoid. 
b  Arytenoid. 

3.  3fuscous  Membrane. 

Epiglottic. 

Glands {  Arytenoid. 

Thyroid. 


5.  Membranes 

6.  Ligaments. 


{  Thyro-hyoid. 
{  Crico-thyroid. 
J  Crico-arytenoid. 

(  Thyro-arytenoid. 


The  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  larynx  arc  called 
Laryngeal. 

The  larynx  is  destined  to  give  passage  to  the 
air,  in  the  act  of  respiration,  and  to  impress  upon 
it  certain  modifications,  which  constitute  voie<>. 
Its  dimensions  vary  in  different  individuals.  In 
men,  it  is  always  larger,  and  situate  lower,  than 
!  in   women. 

Larynx,  Pellicular  or  Plastic  Inflamma- 
I  tion  of  the,  Cynanche  trachealis. 


L  A  S  A  X  U  M 


6  2  9 


LA  ('ROSE 


LAS'ANUM,  s.ir.,  familiar' R-a,   (F.)  CAa.W 
■  -••I'll. 

LASCIV1  V.  Satyriasis. 
LASCIVI  PAS,  S.uvr 
LASCIVUS,  Libidinous. 
LASER,    Laserpitium —  /.  &   Lnrgea  feuille*, 

tium  latifoliam. 
LASBRPIT"IUM,  Later,  SiTphium,  o™?  *tA- 
d(ov.     A  term  applied,  anciently,  both  to  a  plant 
Mid    it-  juice,  regarding  the   nature  of  neither  of 
which  i:iv  precise  information.    Bent- 

lay,  Lam       -.  Qeoffroi,  Ac,  regard  it  to  hare 
been    the    same   as   asafostida: —  Theophrastus, 
;  les,  and  the  ancient  scholiast   of  Aristo- 
;  -.  however,  by  assigning  a  Bweet  and  agree- 

able flavour  to  the  laserpitium,  diseonntenanee 
the  idea.  From  whatever  plant  obtained,  it  was 
so  rare,  and  consequently  so  costly,  that  the 
Romans  deposited  it  in  the  public  treasury.  It 
lined  from  Cyrene — Shccus  Cyrena'ieu»-i~ 
and  likewise  from  Persia  —  the  latter  being  the 
most  valuable.  The  Laserpitium  is  called  by 
A  vice  nn  a,  Altlhit. 

Lasbbpitium  Asperum,  L.  latifolium. 
LaSBBPITlDM    Latipo'lium,    L.  as' permit,   Gnx- 
ti'i'im  'erva'ria  alba ;   (F.) 

Hie*.     The  root  of  this  plant  is 
bitter  and  tonic. 

Las  iBPiTiun  M  ontanum,  L.  siler. 
Labbbpitium  Silbr,   L.  trifolia'tum  seu  mon- 
.    *   ielia,  Siler  monta'num  seu  lan- 
ei/o'lium,    Heart-wort,   Sermon n tain.     The   seeds 
aud  r  of  aromatic  properties. 

Lasbbpitidm  Tripoliatum,  L.  siler. 
IASSITUDE  OC II. AIRE,  Copyopia, 
LASSITUDO,  Copos. 
LAS  i .  I  nguen. 

LATENS   IN   ORE,  Pterygoideus  internus. 
LATENT,    Latent,    from    latere,    'to   lie    hid.' 
'Lying  hid,' 'concealed.'     An  epithet  applied  to 
pertain  r  Btates  of  disease,  in  which  the 

aied  and  obscure,  morbi 
occul'ti,  as  to  escape  the  observation  of  the  phy- 
sician. Thus,  we  say  latent  inflammation,  Intent 
periml  of  imall-) 

1.  \  PERAD,  from  latus,  later!*,  'the  side.'     A 
term  ased  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
i-  the  lateral  aspect.' 
FA  1  :  ::.   T.  see  Mesial. 

LATEB  !  1  "10JJS,Laterit"iu»,Lateric"iu*,(F.) 
Briqutti,  from  later,  lateria,  'a  brick.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  the  brick-like  sediment,  occasion- 
ally deposited  in  the  urine  of  people  afflicted 
with  fever:  Sedimen'tum  miner,  lateric"iumj  — 
quetf. 
BROFLEX'ION,  Lat'eroflex'io.    A  bend- 

le,  --a-  ■■:'  the  uterus. 
TJSRO.VERSION,  Lat'ero-ver'tio.    A 
turning  or  rersion  to  one  Bide, — a-  of  tin-  uterus. 
:  CHORDAE  (Musculus),  Pal- 
ngus. 

\ivi:rs.  Milk. 
LAI  HYRI8,  Buphorbia  lathyris. 
LATIB'ULUM,  from  fateo,  "•  I   lie  hid.'     The 
brile  poison  ;  whence  it  spi 
■  induce  a  paroxysm.     See  Clapier. 
LAT'ICA.    Same  etymon.    Ampkimer'ina  /at'. 
iges.     A  species  of  quotidian  remit- 
parozysmi  are  rery  long,  and  which 
tupanied  with  hn.„t  <,r  slightly  developed 
name. 
I-  W  I'  :  -  l.  \<l  EI,  Receptaculum  ehylL 
LA  1  [SSIMUS  COLLI,  PI  itysra  i  myoides, 

I'ltilS, 

'tor,  Brachinm  ma sens  qnartua, 
■■/  (Ch.),  Dorei-lombo-taero-hm- 

miral,  large  -In  <l'>*. 

■  icially  below  :  thin  :  quad- 
rilateral :  and  dtuate  at  the  posterior,  lateral,  and 


inferior  region  of  the  trunk.  It  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  half  of  the  outer  lip  of  the  crest  of 

the  ilium  :  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  : 
to  the  spinous   processes  of  the  ,,    |M| 

dorsal  vertebra',  to   all    those  of  the    loins,  and  to 

the  last  four  false  ribs,  and  is  inserted  by  a  strong 

tendon  at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  bicipital 
gTOOre  of  the  humerus.  lis  upper  fibre-  ap- 
almost  horizontal  ;  the  middle  \^ry  long  and 
oblique  upwards  and  outward-;  and  the  anterior 
almost  vertical.  This  muscle  carries  the  arm 
backwards,  depressing  it,  and  making  it  turn  on 
it<  axis.  It  also  draws  backwards  and  down- 
wards the  prominence  of  the  shoulder.  When, 
suspended  by  an  arm,  we  make  an  effort  to  raise 
ourselves,  it  draws  the  trunk  towards  the  arm. 
It  can.  also,  raise  the  ribs  by  assuming  ii-  fixed 
point  on  the  humerus,  and  become  an  inspiratory 
muscle. 

LATITUDO    HUMERI,  Scapula. 

LATTICE   WORE,  Cancelli. 

LATUS,  Broad — 1.  Ani,  Levator  ani. 

LAU,  see  Spirit. 

LAUCA'NIA,  Leuca'nia,  Lau'ekani.  The 
fauces  and  oesophagus.  Also,  the  chin.  —  Gor- 
rssus. 

LAFOIIAXF.  Laucania. 

LAUD'ANUM    or    LAUDANUM.      Perhaps, 

from  Inn*,  laudie,  'praise;'  lauda'tum,  'praised.' 

'   Every  preparation   of  opium,  solid   or  liquid,  but 

more   particularly  the  extract  and   tincture,  and 

especially  the  hitter. 

Laudanum  Abba'tis  Roi-ssrau,  Outtas  Abba  tit 
Rotteeeau,  I  ('nam  opia'tum  fermentatio'ni  para/- 
tnni.  Abbe  Rouueau'e  Drop*.  [Mel.  Narbonnen*., 
,^xij:  mjnee  calidce,  Oiij.  Set  in  a  warm  place, 
and,  as  soon  as  the  mixture  ferments,  add  opium, 
!|iv,  dissolved  in  water,  f-\ij.  Let  it  ferment 
for  a  month,  and  evaporate  to  f^x:  strain,  and 
add  rectified  spirit  of  urine,  fJ|iv8S, 

Laudanum,  Ford's,  Vinum  opii  —  1.  Liquid. 
Tinctura  opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Hoffmanni,  Vinum 
opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Sydenbami,  Vinum  opii  —  1. 
Opiatum,  Extraotum  opii — 1.  Simplex,  Extractum 
opii — 1.  Sydenham's,  Vinum  opii. 

I,  \  Ft  ill.  Risus— 1.  Sardonic,  Canine  laugh. 

F  UTGHING,  Risus. 

LAUGHTER,  Risus. 

LAUREL,  Kalmia  latifolia.  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla  —  1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  1. 
Cherry,  Prunus  lauro  cerasus  — L  Common,  Pru- 
nus  lauro-cerasus — i.  Dwarf,  Kalmia  angustifolin 
— I.  (Jreat.  Rhododendron  maximum — 1.  Ground, 
Epigma  repens  —  1.  .Mountain,  Kalmia  latifolia, 
Rhododendron  —  1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  an- 
gustifolia  —  1.  Pale,  Kalmia  glauca  —  1.  Poison, 
Prunus  lauro-cernsus  —  1.  Rose,  Kalmia  latifolia 
— 1.  Sheep,  Kalmia  angUStifolia — 1.  Swamp,  Kal- 
mia glauca — -  1.  Sweet,  Illicium  Floridanum  —  1. 
Water,  see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  —  1.  White,  Mag- 
nolia glauca. 

LAURENT,   SAINT,   MINERAL   W  v 
OF.    A  thermal  Bpring,  five  leagues  from  Joyeusc 
in  France.      Temp.  127°  Fahr. 

LAUREN'TIA    l'l.W  \TI1"'II>  \.  / 

dulte.      One  of  the  AlgSS,  eaten    in    Scotland,  and 

hawked  about  the  streets  of  Edinburgh  along 
with  Lnmimirin  digita'ta  or  Tangle. 

LAUREOL  \.   Daphne  laurcola. 

LAURIEU,  Lauras  —  /.  Alexandrin,  Unseus: 
bypoglnssum — /.  Amandier,  Prunus  laaro-cerasvs 
— /.  d'Apollon,  Laurus-  /.  Cert**,  Prunus  lauro- 
- /.  ,/,  Ceylon,  Laurus  cinnamomum — /. 
Commun,  Laurus—  /.  i/r*  Cuirinea,  Laurat 
Montagnea,  Kalmia  latifolia — I.  Noble,  Laurus  — 
.  Nerium  oleander — /.  de  Tribieonde,  1'ru- 
ii ii -  lauro  cerasus. 

LAURO  CEH  ISUS,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

LAI  ROSE,  Nerium  oleander. 


LAURUS 


53  0 


LAXATOR 


LAURUS,  Laurus  nob' ills,  Dnph'ne,  Sweet  Bay.  \ 
Nat.  Onl.  Lauraccae.     (F.)  Laurier,  L.  noble  ou 
den  cuisines  ou  commu-n  ou  d'Apollon.    The  leaves 

and  berries,  Lauras  (Ph.  L.),  have  a  sweet,  fra- 
grant smell,  and  an  aromatic,  astringent  taste. 
Sweet  ha}'  has  been  advised  as  a  stomachic  and 
carminative,  but  is  now  rarely  used.  It  is,  some- 
times, employed  as  a  fomentation  and  in  glys- 
ters;  and  the  berries  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
Eiuplastrum  Cumini. 

Laurus  Aestivalis,  L.  benzoin — l.Alexandrina 
angustifolia,  Ruscus  bypoglossum. 

Laurus  Bkn'zoin,  Benzoin  odoriferum.  Lau- 
rns  Pseudo-benzoin  seu  cestiva'/is,  Spice  wood, 
Spice  bush,  Benjamin  bush,  Allspice  bush,  Wild 
allspice,  Spice  berry,  Fever  wood,  Fever  bush. 
An  indigenous  shrub,  growing  in  moist,  shady 
places,  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States:  flower- 
ing early  in  spring.  All  parts  of  the  shrub  have 
a  spicy,  agreeable  flavour,  which  is  strongest  in 
the  bark  and  berries.  An  infusion  or  decoction 
of  the  small  branches  is  used  in  popular  practice  as 
a  vermifuge,  and  an  agreeable  drink  in  low  fevers. 
The  bark  has  been  used  in  intermittents ;  the 
berries,  dried  and  powdered,  for  allspice.  The 
oil  of  the  berries  is  used  as  an  excitant. 

Laurus  Camphora,  see  Camphor — 1.  Canella, 
L.  Cassia. 

LAURUS  Cas'siA,  L.  Canel'la,  Per'sea  cassia. 
The  species  of  laurus  which  yields  the  Ca'sia, 
Cas'sia,  Canel'la,  Cassia  lii/'nea  seu  cinnamo'mea, 
C.  lignea  Malabar' -tea,  Cortex  Canel'la!  Mala- 
bar'iccB,  Cortex  eras' sior,  Xylo-cassia,  Canel'la 
Malabarica  et  Javen'sis,  G.  Cuba'na,  Arbor  Ju- 
da'ica,  Canellif'era  Malabar' ica,  Cinnamo'nunn 
Malabar'  icum  seu  Tn'dicum  seu  Sineu'se,  Cali- 
hac'ha  canel'la,  Wild  Cinnamon,  Malabar  Cin- 
namon, Cassia,  (F.)  Cannelle  de  Malabar  ou  de 
Java  ou  de  la  Chine  ou  des  hides  ou  de  Coroman- 
c/el,  C.fausse,  C.  matte,  Casse  en  bois  ou  aroma- 
tique.  The  bark  and  leaves  abound  with  the 
flavour  of  cinnamon,  for  which  they  may  be  sub- 
stituted ;  but  they  are  much  weaker.  The  un- 
opened flower-buds  are  used  in  the  same  manner. 
Aqua  Cassia,  Water  of  Cassia,  prepared  by  distil- 
lation, is  officinal  in  the  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia. 

Laurus  Cinnamomoides,  Nectandra  cinnamo- 
moides. 

Laurus  Cinnamo'mum,  Perse'a  cinnamo'mum, 
Cinnamo'mum,  C.Zeijlau'icum,  Darse'ni,  Darsi'ni, 
Cinnamon,   Xylo-cinnamomum,    Cuurdo    Canel'la, 
(Sc.)  Cannel,  (F.)  Cannelle,   Baume   de    Cannelle, 
Cannelle    o(fici)tale     ou    de    Ceylon.       Cinnamon 
bark,  which  is  obtained,  also,  from  the  Cinnamo'- 
mum aromat'icnm,  is  stimulant  and  carminative,  j 
and  is  employed,  chiefly,  as  a  grateful  aromatic,  | 
to  cover  the  taste  of  nauseous  remedies.     Dose, 
gr.  x  to  9j-    The  Floioers,  called  Cassias,  Flores  in 
the  shops,  possess  aromatic  and  astringent  virtues, 
and  may  be  used  wherever  cinnamon  is  required. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  bark — O'leum  Cinnanto'mi  jj 
■ — Oil  of  Cinnamon,  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.S.  i 

Laurus  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba —  1.  Culilaban, 
L.  Culilawan. 

Laurus  Culil'awan,  L.  Oulil'aban  seu  Cary- 
ophyl'/us,  Cinnamo'mum  Culilawan.  The  tree  that 
affords  the  Cortex  Culilawan  seu  Culilaban,  Cu- 
lilawan, Culitlmoan.  Cortex  caryophyllo'ides  seu 
Caryophyllo'ides  Amboinen'sis.  This  bark  resem- 
bles the  sassafras  in  appearance  and  properties, 
and  is  used  in  Java  as  a  condiment. 

Laurus  Malabathrum,  see  Malabathrum  — 
1.  Nobilis,  Laurus — 1.  Persea,  Persea  gratissima — 
1.  Pseudobenzoin,  L.  Benzoin. 

LAURUS  Sas'safras,  Perse'a  sas'safras,  Sas- 
safras, Cor  nits  mas  odora'ta,  Anhuiba,  Aoue-free, 
Ague-tree,  (F.)  Pavanne.  Indigenous  in  the 
United  States.  Sassafras  wood  and  root,  and 
especially  the  bark  of  the  root,  Sassafras  Radi'- 
eis    Cortex   (Ph.  U.  S.),   have  been   considered 


stimulant,  sudorific,  and  diuretic.  The  virtues  de- 
pend upon  essential  oil, Oleum  Sassafras,  the  odour 
of  which  is  not  unlike  that  of  fennel.  It  has  been 
used  in  cutaneous  diseases, chronic  rheumatism, <fcc. 

The  pith  of  the  steins,  Sassafras  medul'/a  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  abounds  in  gummy  matter,  which  it  rea- 
dily imparls  to  water,  forming  a  limpid  mucilage, 
which  is  much  employed  as  a  collyrium  in  oph- 
thalmia, and  as  a  drink  in  dysentery,  catarrh,  &c. 
(one  drachm  of  the  pith  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water). 

LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  (Superlative  oUautus, 
'elegant.')  "Wines  were  formerly  so  called,  which 
were  stronglv  impregnated  with  n^'rrh. 

LAVAMENTUM,  Clyster,  Enema.       ' 

LA  VAXDE,  Lavendula  —  I.  de  Mer,  Statice 
limonium — /.  Triste,  Statice  limonium. 

LAVAN'DULA,  Laven'dula,  from  lavo,  'I 
wash;'  so  called  from  being  used  in  baths.  Laran'- 
duln  spica  (Linnaeus)  seu  avgustifo'lia  seu  oj/ici- 
na'lis  seu  vera,  Common  Lavender,  (F.)  Laraude. 
Ord.  Labiatae.  The  odour  of  lavender  flowers, 
Lavand' nla  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  fragrant  and  agreeable  ; 
taste  warm  and  bitterish — depending  upon  an  es- 
sential oil.  It  has  been  used  as  !i  stimulant :  parti- 
cularly in  the  form  of  the  oil, —  O'leum  lavan'dnla. 
The  dried  leaves  have  been  employed  as  an 
errhine. 

The  French  use,  also,  Lavandula  Stcechas, 
Stcechas  et  Stichas  Arab'ica,  French  Lavender, 
of  which  they  have  a  compound  syrup,  Syr'upua 
de  stee'ehadi  compos' itns  :  given  as  a  pectoral. 

Lavandula  Latifolia,  Lavandula. 

Lavandula  Spica  (Linnaeus),  L.  Latifo'lia 
Spica,  French  Lav'ender,  (F.)  Lavande,  Aspic, 
Spic,  yields  the  Oil  of  Spike,  O'leum  spica?,  (F.) 
Huile  d' Aspic  ou  de  Spic,  which  is  used  to  make 
varnishes,  and  as  a  liniment  in  paralysis. 

LAVEMENT,  Clyster,  Enema—  I.  Antispas- 
modique,  Enema  fcetidum. 

LAVENDER,  COMMON,  Lavendula  — 1. 
French,  Lavandula  spica  —  1.  Sea,  Statice  limo- 
nium. Statice  Caroliniana. 

LAVENDULA,  Lavandula. 

LAVER,  Ulva  latissima — 1.  Broad  green,  Ulva 
latissima — 1.  Germanicum,  Veronica  beccabunga 
— 1.  Laciniated  purple,  Ulva  umbilicalis — 1.  Odo- 
ratum,  Sisvmbrium  nasturtium. 

LAVIPEDIUM,  Pediluvium. 

LAW   MEDICINE,  Medicine,  legal. 

LAWSONIA  ALBA,  L.  Inermis. 

Lawso'nia  Iner'mis,  L.  alba,  Alcan'a  vera  seu 
Orienta'lis,  Cype'rus  antiquo'rum,  Ligns'trttm 
uEyyptiacum,  Smooth  Lawso'nia,  (F.)  Henne,  Al- 
haune.  An  East  Indian  and  African  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  slightly  astringent. 

In  India,  the  root  of  the  Lawso'nia  spinosa  is 
employed  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  affections. 

LAX,  Diarrhoea. 

LAXANS,  Laxative,  Relaxant. 

LAX'ATIVE,  Laxati'vus,  Laxans,  Le'niens, 
from  laxare,  laxatum,  'to  loosen;'  Minorati' vus, 
Soluti'vus,  Alvid'ucus,  Hypochoret'icns,  Hijpa- 
yo'gus,  Hypel'atus,  Hypocathar'ticus,  Ldpac'tidns. 
A  medicine  which  gently  opens  the  bowels;  such 
as  tamarinds,  manna,  &c. 

LAXATIVUS  INDICUS,  Cambodia. 

LAXATOR  AURIS  INTERNUS,'  L.  tympani. 

Laxator  Tympani.  L.  major  tym'pani,  Escter'- 
nits  seu  Ante'rior  mall'ei,  Obli'qnns  seu  Extemus 
anris,  Laxator  amis  inter'nns,  Eusta'ehii  mus'- 
culus,  (F.)  Anterieur  du  marteau,  Acoustico-mal- 
leen,  Spheni-salpitigo-mallien.  A  muscle  which 
arises  from  the  spine  of  the  sphenoid  bone  and 
from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  and  is 
inserted,  by  a'tendon,  into  the  apophysis  of  Rau. 
It  relaxes  the  membrana  tympani. 

Laxa'tor  Tym'pani  Minor.  A  very  small 
muscle  which  extends  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  external  auditory  canal,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inferior  part  of  the  process  of  the  handle  of 


LAXITAS 


531 


LEIMAX 


the   malleus.     Its   existence   is   denied  by   most 
anatomists. 

LAXITAS,    Atony— L   Alvi,    Diarrhoea  — 1. 

■  rani,    Lientery  —  1.    Intestinorum,    Lien- 

;.    Scroti,    Raohosis —  1.  Ventriculi,  Qas- 

ienia. 

LAX'ITT,  Lax'iteu,  Laxneem.     Same  etymon. 

Condition   of  :i  tbsne    when   loose  or  relaxed  :   or 

of  one  which  wants  tone.     We  say  laxity  of  fibre, 

laxit'/  of  akin,  to  express  that  those  parts  bare 

e  of  the  tenseness  proper  to  them. 

1,  ITER,  ANIMAL,  see  Tache  embri/onuaire— 

1.   Mucous,  Bee    Tach-t    embryonnaire  —  1.  Serous, 

ibryonnaire —  1.  Vascular,  see  Taehe 

tmbryonnaire — 1.  Vegetative,  see  Tavke  embryon- 

i  ER3    OF    THE    BLASTODERMA,   see 
Tii<  he  embryonnaire. 
I.  \VM  \N.  see  Laity. 

LAZARET'TO,     Lazaret,    Laznr-house,    from 
•a  leper.'     A  solitary  edifice  in  most 
■taports  of  magnitude,  intended  for  the  disinfec- 
•   men  and  goods   proceeding  from   places 
contagious  diseases  are  prevailing. 
LAZULITE,  Lapis  lazuli. 
LEAD,    Plumbum— 1.    Black.    Graphites  — 1. 
Chloride  of,  Plumbi  chloridam — 1.  Colic,  see  Co- 
lica  metallioa — 1.  Iodide  of,  Plumbi  iodidum — 1. 
Nitrate  of,  Plumbi  nitras — 1.  Oxyd  of,  semi-vitri- 
lied,  Plumbi  ozydum  semivitreum. 
Lk\i>  Paralysis,  see  Palsy,  lead. 
Lead    Poisoning,     Molybdo'eie,    Molybdon'o- 
me,    Morbut    plumVeue,    Oacoehym'iat   plumbea, 
(F.)  Intoxication  saturnine.    Morbid  phenomena 
induced  by  lead  received  into  the  system. 
Lead,  Ran,  Plumbi  oxidnm  rubrum, 
Ll  in  Rheu'matisk,  Lead  Neural' gia,  Artkral'- 
f/i'n  of  M.  Tanquerel.     The  neuralgic  and  spas- 
modic pains  caused  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

Leap,  Subcarbonate  of,  Plumbi  superacetas 
— 1.  Tannate  of,  see  Tannin. 

Lead  Water,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  di- 
lntiis. 

I.    LP,  White.  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
LEADER,  Tendon. 
LEADWORT,  Plumbago  Enropsea. 
LEAF,  SOUR,  Andromeda  arborea. 
LEAM'INGTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline   waters    at    Leamington,  about    two  miles 
:   Warwick,   England,   which  contain  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chlorides 
of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
LEANNESS,  Emaciation, 
LEAP,  Six.  hlaepan.  Saltue,  Salit"io,  Exal- 
Stiut  ;    Hound,  .Jump.  —  the  act   of  leap- 
! !  uscular  movement  or  movements,  by  which 
iy  is  detached  from  the  soil  by  the  forcible 
and  sudden  extension  of  the  lower  limbs,  previ- 
ously flexed  upon  the  pelvis. 
Li:  M'KHV.  Lepra, 

LEAPING    AGUE.     This  disease  is    said    by 

rriters    to    be   characterized    by  in- 

1  efficiency,  but  depraved  direction,  of  the 

will,  producing  an  irresistible  propensity  to  dance, 

tumble,  and   move  about  in   a  fantastic   manner, 

nod  often  with  far  more-  than  the   natural  vigour, 

..  Bnd  precision  !     See  .Mania,  dancing. 

LEATHEB     FLOWER,    Clematis    viorna— 1. 

Wood.  Dirca  palustris. 

LEB'ANON,  MINERAL  WATERS  07.    The 
■an. ,n.  26  miles  east  of  Albany,  New 

York,  is  a  simple  thermal;  temperature  7'.>°  Fahr. 

LECANE,  Pelvis. 

HE,  Physician. 
LECHENE10N,  Torcular  Beropbili. 

HER0U8,  Libidim  as. 
CHO,  Puerpet*. 

HOPTR  \.   Puerperal  fever. 

LECITHODES,  Vitelline. 


LECTTHOS,  see  Ovum. 

/. /.'  CHAN,  Cocblearia  armoraeia. 

LECO,    Penis. 

LECONTIA  VIKCINICA,  Peltaodra  Vir- 
ginian. 

LECTISTER'NIUM,  from  lech,*,  <a  bed,'  and 
,  'to  spread.'  The  arrangement  of  a  bed 
so  as  to  adapt  it  to  a  particular  disease.  Also,  a 
supplication, with  the  Romans, in  times  ofpublio 
danger,  when  beds  or  couches  were  spread  for  the 
-  it'  they  were  about  to  feast,  and  their 
images  were  taken  down  from  their  pedestals  and 
placed  upon  these  couches  around  the  altars. 
The  leetisternium  was  first  introduced  in  the  time 
of  a  pestilence. — Livy. 

LE<  TUA'LIS,  from  lectun,  'a  bed.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  a  protracted  disease. 

LECTULUS  MEDICATUS,  see  Fomentation 
— 1.  Stramineus,  Fanon. 

LJBDE  8AUVA0E,  Ledum  svlvestre. 

LEDOYEN'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID  or 
FLUID.  A  solution  of  nitrate  of  lead,  [Plumb. 
nit  rat.  £j  ad  aaucB  f.^j,)  used  as  an  antiseptic  and 
antibromio. 

LEDUM      LATIFO'LTUM,      Labrador'     Tea, 

On/.  Ericaceae,  grows  in  damp  places,  in  Canada 
and  the  United  States.  The  leaves  have  a 
pleasant  odour  and  taste,  and  have  been  nsed  as 
tea.  They  have  also  been  esteemed  pectoral  and 
tonic. 

LEDUM  Palus'trI,  Rosmari'uus  seu  Anthoe 
si/lvcs'tris,     Marsh    Tea,    (F.)    Lhde    00     Rnmarin 

eauvage,  Olivier  de  Bohime.  Nat.  On/.  Ericineas. 
Sex.  Synt.  Decandria  Monogynia.  This  plant 
has  a  bitter,  Bubastringent  taste,  and  was  formerly 
used  in  Switzerland  in  place  of  hops  :  the  virtues 
are  equivocal.  The  leaves  are  chewed  by  the 
Cree  Indians,  and  applied  to  burns,  which  are 
said  to  heal  rapidly  under  their  influence.  The 
cake  of  chewed  leaves  is  left  adhering  to  the  sore 
until  it  falls  off. — Sir   J.  Richardson. 

LEE,  Feculence,  Lixivium,  Lev.  Lye,  Urine. 

LEECH,  Hirudo,  see  Ectozoa,  Physician. 

LEECHCRAFT.  Medicina, 

LEEK,  Allium  porrum. 

LEES,  SOAP,  Liquor  potasses. 

LEG,  (Da.  Lag,)  Cms,  Sceloe,  Oneml.  The 
portion  of  the  lower  extremity,  which  extends 
from  the  knee  to  the  foot.  It  consists  of  three 
bones,  Tibia,  Film/a,  and  Patella,  and  also  of  a 
great  number  of  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves. 
The  projection,  formed  by  the  muscles  at  the  back 
part  "I'  the  leg",  has  received  the  name  of  Calf  of 
the  I';/.  It  is  the  special  attribute  of  man.  and 
proves  that  he  is  destined  to  be  biped. 

Leg,  Swelled,  Phlegmatia  dolena — 1.  Cochin, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

LEGITIMATE,  Legit'imut,  from  lex,  legit, 
'law:'  (1<  niii'nus.  Cm  'sins.  An  epithet  applied 
to  thinps  which  are  according  to  rule.  .1  legiti- 
mate child,  (F.)  Enfant  /,',/,' i imc,  is  one  conceived 
or  born  during  marriage  Legitimate  rfieeaeee, 
(F.)  Mala, lies  tegitimet,  are  those  which  follow  a 
regular  march. 

LEGNA,  from  Xeyvn,  \tyvov,  'a  fringed  edge,' 
'the  border  of  a  garment.'  The  orifice  of  tho 
pudendum  muliebre,  or  of  the  uterus. 

LJ&QUME,  Legumen. 

LEG U 'MEN,  from  lego,  <I  gather,'  [?]  akin  to 
\n-%u\ov,  '  pul  '•.'  I'.'  Lfgume,  Goiiete.  So  called 
!"■  .hi-.'  it  is  usually  gathered  by  the  hand,  In- 
stead of  being  reaped.  All  kinds  of  jniluc,  &S 
peas,  beans,  4c,  are  thus  termed. 

LBGUMIN,  Caaein. 

LEICHEN,  Lichen. 

LBIMANTHIUM  VIIIC.INICUM,  Melan- 
thiuoi  Virginicum. 

LEIMAX,  Limax. 


LEIOPUS 


LEPIDIUM 


LEI'OPTTS,  LPopws,  Planeua,  Plautus,  Plot™, 

from  \eio$,  'smooth,'  and  -zuvg,  'a  foot.'  One  who 
is  affected  with  llat-fontednesn,  splay-footedness, 
Leiopod'ia,  Liopod'ia.  One,  the  soles  of  whose 
feet  are  Bat,  instead  of  having  the  concavity  which 
the}*  commonly  present. 
LEIOSIS,  Comminution. 

LEIPHiB'MIA,  Lipha'mia:  same  etymon  as 
Leiphsemos.     Poverty  or  paucity  of  blood. 
LEIPILEMOI.  Achroi. 

LEIPH^B'MOS,  LipheB'moa,  (F.)  Leipheme. 
from  AftTw,  '  I  want,'  and  'uifia,  -blood.'  A  word 
sometimes  used  adjectively  :  at  others,  substan- 
tively, either  for  a  vicious  state  of  the  blood  —  or 
rather  for  a  sort  of  anaemia — or  for  the  patient 
who  labours  under  this  condition.     See  Achroi. 

LET  THE  HE,  Leiphaemos. 

LEIPO,  Lipo. 

LEIPODKRMTA.  Apostbia. 

LEIPODER'MOS,  Lipoder'mos,  Leipoderm'a- 
tus,  from  AfiTw,  'I  want,'  and  iepfia,  'skin.'  One 
who  wants  a  part  of  his  skin.  It  is  especially 
applied  to  one  who  wants  the  prepuce.  See 
Apella.  and  Apostbia. 

LE  EPOMEfi  I A ,  Lipomeria. 

LEIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPYR'IAS,  from  X«w*,  <I  want,'  and  tnp, 
'fire,'  or  'heat.'  A  species  of  continued  fever, 
referred  to  by  the  Greek  physicians,  in  which 
there  is  burning  heat  of  the  internal  parts  and 
coldness  of  the  extremities.  Avicenna  described, 
under  this  name,  a  kind  of  hemitritaaa. 

LEMA,  Chassie. 

LEME.  Lippitudo. 

LEMITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

LEMMA,  Cortex,  Feculence,  Furfur,  Sedimen- 
tum. 

LEMNISCUS,  Pessary,  Tent.     See  Laqueus. 

LEMON,  GROUND,  Podophyllum  montanum 
—  1.  Juice,  see  Citrus  medica  —  1.  Juice,  artificial, 
see  Citrus  medica — 1.  Peel,  see  Citrus  medica  — 
1.  Tree,  Citrus  medica. 

Lemon.  Wild,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

LEMONADE'.  Limona'da,  (F.)  Limonadc, 
Citronttade.  Lemon  juice  diluted  with  water  and 
sweetened.     See  Citrus  medica. 

Lemonade,  Dhy,  (F.)  Limonade  seche.  Citric 
or  tartaric  acid  reduced  to  powder  and  mixed  with 
sugar.  Lemonade  powders  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows : — Pound  ijjj  of  citric  acid  with  a  few  drops 
of  essence  of  lemon-peel  and  ^j  or  more  of  lump 
sugar.  Divide  into  six  papers,  each  of  which  will 
make  a  glass  of  lemonade.     See  Citric  acid. 

Limonade  Gazeuse  (F.),  is  an  agreeable  drink 
prepared  by  adding  syrup  of  lemons,  raspberry, 
Ac,  to  water  saturated  with  carbonic  acid. 

Lemonade,  Magnesian,  Magnesia?  citras. 

Lemonade,  Nitric.  Nitric  acid  considerably 
diluted  with  water,  and  sweetened. 

Lemoxade,  sulphuric,  and  Lemonade,  tar- 
taric, are  made  with  the  sulphuric  and  tartaric 
acids. 

LEMOSITAS,  Chassie,  Lippitudo. 

LEXDE.  Lumbi. 

LEXDIS.  Lumbi,  Nate?. 

LEXIEXS,  Laxative,  Lenitive. 

LEXIS.  Lenitive. 

LEX'ITIYE.  Leniti'vus,  Lcnis,  Len'ien*,  Epia'- 
tna,  Mit'igans,  from  lenio,  lenitum,  'to  assuage.' 
A  medicine,  which  allays  irritation  or  palliates 
disease :  also,  a  laxative  medicine.  A  lenitive 
electuary  is  one  that  purges  gently. 

LEXOS.  Toreular  Herophili. 

LEXS,  Ervum  lens — 1.  Crystalline,  Crystalline 
— 1.  Esculenta,  Ervum  lens. 

LEXTIC'ULA.  Dim.  of  lens,  lentis,  <a  lentil.' 
A  freckle.  Also,  the  eruption  of  lenticular  fever. 
See  Ephelides. 


LENTICULAR  GANGLION,  Ophthalmic  G. 

LENTICULA'RES  GLAN'DUL^F,  Lentie'- 
ular  glands.  Mucous  follicles,  having  the  shape 
of  a  lentil,  which  are  observed  especially  towards 
the  base  of  the  tongue. 

LENTIGO,  Ephelides. 

LENTIL,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTILLJS,  Ervum  lens—?.  Crystalline,  Crys- 
talline— 1.  Ers,  Ervum  ervilia. 

LEXTIS'CIXUM  YIXUM.  Wine  impreg- 
nated with  mastich  ;  from  Lentiscus,  'the  mastich 
tree.' 

LENTISCUS  VULGARIS,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

LEXTITIA.  Lentor. 

LEXTITIS.  Phacitia. 

LEXTITUDO,  Lentor. 

LEXTOR,  Lentif'ia,  Lentitu'do,  from  lentus, 
'  clammy.'  A  viscidity  or  siziness  of  any  fluid. 
See  Gluten. 

LEXT  ROSE,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

LENUM.  Toreular  Herophili. 

LEONO'TIS    LEOXU'RUS.     Ord.    Labiate* 
A   South    African    plant,  which    has    a   peculiar 
smell  and  nauseous  taste,  and  is  said  to  produce 
narcotic  effects  if  incautiously  used.     It  is  em- 
ployed in  decoction  in  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 
The  Hottentots  smoke  it  like  tobacco,  and  take  a 
decoction  of  its  leaves  as  a  strong  cathartic.     It 
!  is  also  given  as  an  emenagogue.     In  the  eastern 
I  districts    of   the    Cape    Colony,  Leonotis    ova'ta, 
!  (Prov.)  Crotoparsnejp,  Male,  is  used  for  the  same 
purpose. 

Leonotis  Ovata,  see  Leonotis  leonurus. 

LEONTI'ASIS,  Leon' t ion,  from  >twv,  Xtovros, 
'a  lion.'  A  name  given  to  lepra  of  the  face,  from 
some  fancied  resemblance  between  the  counte- 
nance of  those  labouring  under  it  and  that  of  the 
lion.  To  this  kind  of  lepra  the  epithets  le'oniuc 
and  le'ontine  have  been  given. 

LEON'TICE  THALICTROIDES,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalictroides. 

LEOXTIOXT.  Leontiasis. 

LEOX'TODOX  TARAXACUM,  L.  officinale 
sen  vulga're,  Tarax'acvm  njfficina'le,  DensLeo'niSf 
Hedyp'nois  tnrax'acum,  Vrina'ria,  Caput  Mon'a- 
chi,  Dan'deliou,  P>'»s-a-bed,  (Prov.)  Shitobed, 
Pnffball,  (Sc.)  Pentilioun,  (F.)  Pissen/it,  Lion- 
dent,  Dent  de  lion,  Couronne  de  Maine,  from 
Aoov,  "Xsovrcg,  'a  lion,'  and  otovs,  ofiovrcs,  'a  tooth.' 
Order,  Composite.  The  young  leaves  are  some- 
times eaten  as  salad.  The  roots  are,  also,  roasted 
and  used  as  a  substitute  for  coffee.  The  root, 
Tarax'aeum,  (Ph.  U.  S..)  is,  moreover,  reputed 
to  be  aperient  and  diuretic:  hence  its  vulgar 
names.      Its  efficacy  is  doubtful. 

LEOXTOPODIUM,  Alchemilla. 

LEOXU'RUS,  from  Xtoiv,  'a  lion,'  and  ovpa,  'a 
tail.'     Lion's  Tail. 

Leonurus  Cardi'aca,  Agripal'ma  Gallic,  Mar- 
ru'bium,  Cardi'aca  crispa  seu  triloba'ta  seu  rul- 
ga'ris,  Herba  cordinca  seu  Pates  lapi'nai,  Mother- 
wort, Throaticort,  (F.)  Agripaume.  Ord.  Labia  fa1. 
Its  properties  are  those  of  a  nauseous  bitter:  and 
hence  it  has  been  used  in  hysteria  and  other  ner- 
vous affections. 

Leonurus  Lanatus,  Ballota  lanata. 

LEOPARD'S  BAXE,  ROMAX,  Arnica  mon- 
tana,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

LEPAS,  Lepis,  >£-aj,  gen.  XexaSos;  Af-tj,  gen. 
A£7n<5o?,  'a  scale.' 

LEPER,  see  Leprous. 

Leper  Hospital,  Ladrerie. 

LEPIA  CAMPESTRIS,  Thlaspi  campestre— 
1.  Sativa.  Lepidium  Iberis. 

LEPIDTUM.  from  \zttis.  \c-itos,  'a  scale:'  so 
;  called  from  its  supposed  usefulness  in  cleansing 
!'  the  skin  from  scales  and  impurities.  Pepper-icort. 
||  Ord.  Cruciferse. 
li      Lepidium  Campestre,  Thlaspi  campestre. 


LEPIDODES 


53  3 


LEPTOTRICUUS 


Lbpid'idm  Ibb'ris,  tbe'ria,  Garda  n  m'tica,  Sci- 
vt'lvi    create:       This    plant    |  warm, 

penetrating,  pungent    taste,   like   ol 

anil  is   re< i  mended   as  an  an  decor  butio,  anti- 

.  :i  1 1 « I  stomachic. 
LsprDinu    Sati'vdm,    Ltjfxa   saffpo,   Thkupi 
n'txtur'tiitm    sou    tnti'vHM,    tfantur'tiuM    h 

'rum.  Garden  creaa,  Dittander,  Greem  mut- 
i.  i   Jardine. 
Tliis   pUnt    i  ! rin.  stimulating  proper- 

tied, and  is  used  like  the  last. 

Lrpidium  Sqoamatum,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 
LEP1  DODES,  S  piamous. 
LEPIDOIDES.  Squamous. 
I,  !•;  p  i  DOS  \  RCO'MA,  Tumor  tquamifor'mis 
-■■•>.    A  fleshy  tumour,  covered  with  scales  : 
from    Ae*lf,    Xiziox.    '  B    BCale,'   and    aa^Kmfia,    'a 
leshy  tumour.'     .Marcus   Aurelius  Severinus  de- 
tumours  of  this  kind  in  the  interior  of  the 
mouth. 
LEPIDOSTS,  Si  aly  dh 

LEPIDOSIS  [CHTHTIASIS,  Ichthyosis—  1. 
Ichthyiasis  cornigera,  Horny  excrescences — 1. 
Leprin  —  1.    Pityriasis,    Pityriasis  —  1. 

Paori  isis.  Psoriasis. 

LEPIDOTIS  CLAVATA,  Lycopodium  clava- 
tum. 

LEPIR  \.  Lepra, 
LEPIS,  Scale. 

LEPISM  \.  Squnmous  portion. 
LEPORINUM    LABIUM,    Harelip  — 1.    Ros- 
trum. Harelip. 

LEPORINUS  OCULUS,  Lagopbthalmia. 
LEPOSTEOPH'YTON;  from  Aews,  'a  Beale,' 
oartov.  'a  bone,'  and  Qvnv,  'a  plant  or  growth.' 
A   thin   scale   of   bone,   the  result  of   a    morbid 
grow  tli. 

LEPRA,  Lep'ira,  from   Xe-pos,   'scaly.'      Lepi- 

Lepri'aaia,  Lepro'aia,  I.  pro'aitaa,   Vitili'go, 

■    Graco'rum,    Herpea  furfura'ceua  circina'- 

proay,    Leap'ery,  [Be.)  Lepyr,  Upper,  (F.) 

.    Mnl  Saint-Main,    Dartre  fnrfnracSe    ar- 

rtimdie.     This   term   has   been   applied   to  various 

affections,  very  different  in  character.      1.  To  the 

hepraey  of  thi    J      -.  Lend,  Lepido'aia   Lepriaaia 

Ifoaa'ica   sen    Hebr<za'rum, —  a 

variety  of  the  Alphoa  or  Lepra  alphoi'dea*     The 

generally,  not  scaly,  but  consisted  of 

i.    shining     patches,    on    which     the     hair 

turned   whit.-   and    silky,  and   the   skin,  with   the 

liar   flesh,   lost    its   sensibility.      It   was   in- 

eiirable.     2.  To  the  Elephantiaaia  or  L<},r<i  of  the 

mtiasis:   and    3.   To   the    Lepra 

-.  which  includes  all  the  varieties  met 

with  at  the  present  day.      It   is   characterized   by 

itches  of  different  sizes,  but  having  always 

nearly  a  circular  form.     Bateman  and  Willan  de- 

three  chief  varieties  of  this  lepra. 

1.    Lepra  alphni'dee,  Lepido'aia  Lepri'aaia  al'- 

bida,    Alphoa,    Mnrphct'a    "Uxi,    Vitili'gn  alphut, 

Afbaraa  alba,  Albarcea,  Albaroa,  Ltpre  (cailleuse 

of  Altbert,    \VhiU   leproay.      An  affection,  charac- 

i   by  white  patches,  Burrounded  by  a  r^-<-- 

ola,  which  appears  here  and  there  on 

1  in  the  middle. 

'_'.   Lepra    nigricans    sen    melaa  sen   maculo'aa 


nx/nt. 


Vitili'gn  melaa   sen   nigra,   Morpha'a 

jra,  Melaa,  Lepido'aia  lepri'aaia  ni'- 
-.  Black  leproay  ;  in  which  the  scales  are 
livid;  the  s:7e  of  half  a  dollar;  and  diffused  over 
:..  Lot  lest  widely  than  in  the  Alphdldea. 
renoh  pathologists  usually  admit  three  spe- 
lepra,  to  which  they  give  the  epithets  acaly, 
■  w.)  mi-,; ,  i  tuber- 

cular.  (tHberculetue,)   according  as   the   skin    may 
red  with  seal 
I    urn  mtlga'ria,  Lepido'aia  lepri'aaia  vulga'- 
rin,  f)'irt-c  furfnraete  arrondie,  of  Alibert,  cha- 
racterized as   fallows:    scales    glabrous,   whitish, 


size  of  a  crown  piece :  preceded  by  smaller  red- 
dish and  glossy  elevations  <>f  the  Bkin,  encircled 
bj  a  dry,  red.  ami  .-lightly  elevated  border j  often 
continent:  sometimes  covering  the  whole  of  the 
body  except  the  face. 

Lepra  appears  to  be  endemic  in  Egypt,  in 
Java,  and  certain  parti  of  Norway  and  Sweden, 
[m perfect  and  faulty  nutriment  appears  to  con- 
tribute to  its  development.  The  means, 
adapted  for  Lt8  removal,  are: — a  mild,  unii  ritating 
diet,  emollient  fomentations — sulphureous  baths, 
fumigations,  ifce:  but.  often,  all  remedial  agents 
i  will  be  found  ineffectual. 

Lkpua  ArABUM,  Elephantiasis  Arabica — 1.  As- 
turica,  Bee  Pellagra  —  1.  Borealis,  Radzyge —  1. 
Fungifera,  Frambcesia  —  1.  Gangrenosa,  Ngeren- 
gen — 1.  GroBcoruni,  Lepra—  1.  Hebrmorum,  see 
Lepra — 1.  Ichthyosis.  Ichthyosis— 1.  Lombardica, 
Pellagra  —  1.  Maculosa  nigra,  L.  Nigricans  —  1. 
Mediolanensis,  Pellagra  —  1.  Melas,  Lepra  niirri- 
cans  —  1.  Mercurial.  Kc/.ema  mercuriale —  1.  Mo- 
saica,  see  Lepra — 1.  Norvegica,  Radzyge — L  Squa- 
mosa, Impetigo — 1.  Taurica,  Hal  dt  Grimie. 

LEPRE,  Lepra  —  I.  des  CossaqHes,  Mid  dc 
Grimie  —  /.  Ecu  i lie  use,  Lepra  alphoides  —  /.  II  u- 
mide,  Impetigo. 

LEPREUX,  Leprous. 

LEPRICDS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSARIUM,  Lailreric. 

IJSPROSERIE,  Ludrerie. 

LEPROSIS,  Lepra. 

LBPROSITAS,  Lepra. 

LBPR06US,  Leprous. 

LEPROSY,  Lepra — 1.  Black,  Lepra  nigricans 
—  1.  Norwegian,  see  Radzyge  —  1.  White,  Lepra 
alphoides. 

LB P' ROUS,  Leprf>'nu8f  Leprot'icHa,  Lep'rieva, 
Lepro'dea,  (Sc.)  Llpper,  (F. )  Lepreux,  Ladre, 
same  etymon.  Relating  to  or  resembling  or  af- 
fected with  leprosy  :  a  leper. 

L  LI'S  IS.  Attack. 

LEPTAX'DRA  VIRGIX'ICA,  Vemui'ca  sou 
Par.'/en/ta  Virgin' ica,  Culver' a  phyaic.  Ord.  Scro- 
phulariacesB.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows 
throughout  the  United  States,  and  flowers  in 
August.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  terminate 
the  stem  in  a  long  spike.  A  variety  with  purple 
flowers  has  been  described,  as 

LePTANDRA  PdRPO'RBA,  Pin/sic  root,  INuck 
root,  Whorlytoort,  Culrer'n  root,  Brintou  root,  L'oir- 
iiont  root.  The  root  is  bitter  and  nauseous,  and 
when  fresh  is  emetic  and  cathartic  In  the  dried 
state  it  is  more  uncertain.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
gr.  "to  35. 

LEPTO,  LEPTOS,  AtJrroj,  'thin,'  'light.' 
Sence : 

LLPTOCEPIIA'LIA,  from  Xe-roi,  'thin,  fine.' 
and  KE^aX,,,  'head.'  Monstrosity,  in  which  the 
bead  is  abnormously  small. 

LEPTOCHRO'A,  Leptochroe,  from  Xe-rog, 
'thin,  line,'  and  xp°"-  X^01"'  ' tn0  colour  of  the 
skin:   the  skin.'      Fineness,  thinness  of  skin. 

LEPTOCHYM'IA,  from  Xczros.  'thin.'  and 
yujio?,  'a  juice.'      Mori. id  thinness  of  the  joioOS. 

LEPTOHYMB'NIA,  from  Xczroi,  'thin.'  and 
'v/ujv,  '  a  membrane.'  Thinness,  delicacy  of  mem- 
brane. 

LEPTOMER'I  \.  from  Act™?,  'thin,  fine,'  and 
i   part.'     Fineness,  delicacy  of  bodily  for- 
mation. 

LEPTONTIQUES,  Attenuanta. 

LBPT0PH0N1  \.  Oxyphonia, 

L  B  PT08  1'  K  11  M  0  M  LLUCADENDRUM, 
Melaleuca  oajaputi. 

LBPTOTHRIX,  Leptotriohus. 

LEPTOTRICH'IAj  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Fineness  of  hair. 

LEPTOT'RR'HL'S,    Leptothrix,    from    Xixrof, 


LEPTOTROPHIA 


53  4 


LEUCORRHCEA 


'fine,'  and  3p«£,  Tpi%o$,  'hair.'     One  who  has  fine 
hair. 

LEPTOTROPH'IA,  Mierotroph'ia,  Microtra- 
pez'ia,  from  Xsnrus,  Might,'  and  rpo(prj,  'nourish- 
ment.'    Light  nutrition. 

LEPTYXSTS,  Emaciation. 

LEPTYXTICA,  Attenuants. 

LEPTYSMUS,  Emaciation. 

LKPYR.  Lepra. 

LEREMA,  see  Dementia. 

LERESIS,  see  Dementia. 

LERUS,  Delirium,  see  Dementia. 

LESEOLI  MORBUS,  Icterus. 

LESE'OLUS.  According  to  Paracelsus,  a  per- 
fectly transparent  salt,  which  cured  jaundice  : 
hence  Leseoli  morbus. 

LE'SION,  Lcp.'sio,  from  ladere,  latum,  'to  in- 
jure.' Derangement,  disorder;  any  morbid 
change,  either  in  the  exercise  of  functions  or  in 
the  texture  of  organs.  Organic  lesion  is  syno- 
nymous with  organic  disease. 

Lesiox  of  Continuity,  see  Continuity,  solu- 
tion of. 

LESK.  Inguen. 

LESSIVE,  Lixivium. 

LESSIVE  BES  SA  VONNIERS,  Liquor  po- 
tassae.  Also,  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  in  water, 
containing  about  3  parts  of  soda  to  8  of  water. 

LESSIVE    BE    TART  RE,   Liquor   potassse 
Subcarbonatis. 
'LETALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHALIS.  Lethiferous.  Mortal. 

LETHALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHAR'GIC,  Lethar'rjicua,  Veferno'sus.  (F.) 
Letharginue.  Relating  to  lethargy;  alfected  with 
lethargy. 

LETHARGIQUE,  Lethargic. 

LETH'ARGY,  Lethar'gia,  Lethar'gns,  Cams 
lethargux,  Veter'nus,  Obliv'fo  iners,  from  XrjSt], 
*  oblivion,'  and  apyos,  '  active.'  A  constant  state 
of  stupor  from  which  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
arouse  the  individual ;  ami,  if  aroused,  he  speedily 
relapses  into  his  former  condition. 

LETHEA,  Papaver. 

LE'THEON,  from  X>,$n,  ■'oblivion.'  A  name 
given  by  some  to  sulphuric  ether,  when  inhaled 
a^s  an  anaesthetic  agent. 

LETHIF'EROUS,  Le'thifer,  Lctha'lis,  Lethif- 
tcus,  Mor'tifer,  Morti/'erous,  from  XvOn,  '  death,' 
and  (j>£p<i>,  'I  bear.'     Death-bearing;  deadly. 

LETHUM,  Death. 

LETTUCE,  Lactuca.— 1.  Blue,  Mulgedium  acu- 
minatum—  1.  False,  Mulgedium  Floridanum — 1. 
Indian,  see  Calumba. 

Lettuce  Opium,  see  Lactuca. 

Lettuce,  Strong-scexted,  Lactuca  virosa — 1. 
White.  Nabalus  albus — 1.  Wild,  Lactuca  elongata. 

LETUM,  Death. 

LEUCADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LEUC^'MLY,  Leukce'mia.  Leuchcp'mia,  from 
X(vko$,  'white,'  and  'ai/xa,  'blood,'  (F.)  Leucemie. 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  is  deficient 
in  colouring  matter.     See  Leucocythaainia. 

LEUC.ETHIOPIA,  see  Albino. 

LEUO^ETHIOPS,  Albino. 

LEUCAXIA.  Laucania. 

LEUCANTHEMUxM,  Anthemis  nobilis,  Matri- 
caria chamomilla  —  1.  Vulgare,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

LEUCE,  Lepra  (of  the  Jews.) 

LEUCELECTRUM,  Succinum  (album.) 

LEUCEMIE,  Leucaemia. 

LEUCILEMIA.  Leuca?mia. 

LEUClTrS.  Sclerotitis. 

LEUCOCYTE,  see  Globules  of  the  blood. 

LEUCOCYTHyE'MIA,  'white  cell  blood,' from 
Xcvko$.  'white,'  kvtos,  'cell,'  and  'ai/xa,  'blood.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood,  which  consists  in  a  su- 


perabundant development  of  the  white  corpuscles, 
a  disease  which  has  been  observed  at  times  to  be 
accompanied  by  enlargement  of  the  spleen  and 
liver,  and  at  others  by  increased  size  of  the  lym- 
phatic glands.     See  Leucaemia. 

LEUCODEXDROX,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LKUCCEXUS,  see  Wine. 

LEUC01UM,  Lunaria  rediviva  —  1.  Luteum, 
Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

LEUCOLACHANUM,  Valeriana. 

LEUCOLEIX,  Leukoleinum. 

LEUCO'MA,  from  XtvKos,  'white.'  Ocvfo'rtm 
albu'go,  Leucom'tna,  Leuco'sis,  Afbu'go,  Al'bula, 
Ceratoleuco'ma,  EpheVotes.  Leucoma  and  Al- 
bugo are  often  used  synonymously  to  denote  a 
white  opacity  of  the  cornea.  Both  are  essentially 
different  from  nebula  of  the  cornea  :  nebula  being 
usually  the  result  of  chronic  ophthalmy  and  an 
effusion  of  a  milky  scrum  into  the  texture  of  the 
delicate  continuation  of  the  conjunctiva  over  the 
cornea;  —  the  others  are  the  result  of  violent, 
acute  ophthalmia.  In  this  state,  a  thick,  eoagu- 
lable  lymph  is  extravasated  from  the  arteries, 
sometimes  superficially,  at  other  times  deeply 
into  the  substance  of  the  cornea.  On  other  occa- 
sions, the  disease  consists  of  a  firm,  callous  cica- 
trix on  this  membrane, — the  effect  of  a  wound  nr 
ulcer  with  loss  of  substance.  The  affection  is 
more  difficult  of  cure  in  proportion  to  its  duration 
and  to  the  age  of  the  individual  ;  the  activity  of 
the  absorbents  being  greater  in  youth.  If  inflam- 
mation still  exist,  antiphlogistics  must  be  per.-e- 
vered  in,  and,  afterwards,  gentle  stimulants  be 
used  to  excite  absorption:  along  with  the  in- 
ternal use  of  mercury  or  iodine. 

Leucoma,  Albumen  —  1.  Gerontotoxon,  Gero- 
toxon — 1.  MarLraritaceum,  see  Margaritaceus. 

LEUCOMMA.  Leucoma. 

LEUCOMORIA,  Cuttubuth. 

LEUCONECRO'SIS,  from  Xsvkos,  'white,'  and 
vtKouHris,  '  death.'  A  form  of  dry  gangrene, — the 
opposite  in  appearance  to  anthraconecrosis. 

LEUCONYMPILFA,  Nymphaea  alba. 

LEUCOPATHIA,  see  "Albino,  Chlorosis— 1. 
Partialis  aequisita.  Achroma. 

LEUCOPHAGIUM,  Blanc-manger. 

LEUCOPHLEGMASIA,  Leucophlegmatia— 1. 
Dolens  puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

LEUCOPHLE  GMA'TIA,  Leucophlegmasio, 
Hi/drops  leucophlegma'tia,  Tumescen'tia  pi'.ui- 
to'sa,  from  Xcvkos,  'white,'  and  ipXtypa,  (pXs.yfiaros, 
'phlegm.'  A  dropsical  habit,  Hydrocachcx'ia. 
Some  writers  use  the  word  synonymously  with 
anasarca  and  o?dema  ;  others  with  emphysema. 

Leucopuuegmatia  -ZEthiopum,  Chthonophagia. 

LEUCOPIPER,  Piper  album. 

LEUCOPYRIA,  Hectic  fever. 

LEUCORRHEE,  Leucorrhoea. 

LEUCORRHCE'A,  Flnxusseu  Fluor  mulie'bris, 
Proflu'vium  mulie'bre,  Cursus  mnfri'ci*,  Flnxtia 
matri'cis,  Elytri'tis,  Coleosi'tis,  Colpi'tis,  Bestil- 
la'tio  n'teri,  Fluxio  alba  seu  vnl'vce,  Ulcus  n'teri, 
Catar'rhus  genita'lium,  Hysterorrhaj'a  muco'sa, 
Catame'nia  alba,  Menses  albi.  J/en'strua  alba, 
Menorrhag'la  alba.  Fluor  mrdie'bris  non  Gal' li- 
ens, Blennelyt'ria,  Gonorrhce'a  benig'na  notha  iu- 
vetera'ta,  Pnrga'tio  mnlie'bris  alba,  Alba  pnrga- 
men'ta,  Cachex'ia  nteri'na,  Rheuma  n'teri,  U'teri 
Cory'za,  Medorrhoe'a  femina'rum  insons,  Blen- 
norrhea seu  Blennorrhag"ia  genita'lium,  uEda>o- 
blennorrhoe'a  seu  dfedoblennorrhnr' 'a  femina' rum  ; 
The  whites;  (F.)  Fleurs  on  F/ueurs  blanches, 
Pertes  blanches,  Ecoulement  blanc.  Catarrhe  ntc- 
rin,  Perte  -uterine  blanche,  from  Xevkos,  '  white,' 
and  peu,  'I  flow.'  A  more  or  less  abundant  dis- 
charge of  a  white,  yellowish,  or  greenish  mucus  ; 
resulting  from  acute  or  chronic  inflammation,  or 
from  irritation  of  the  membrane  lining  the  genital 


LF.UCORRIIOIS 


LEVATOR 


if  the  female.     Vag" i»«l  Letteorrbam  has 
Fluor  albue  vagi'' 

vcr.  /,<  ("■■ir/-/i<  i  '</.  .'/<  dorr ha '  <i  vagina,  Vaginitis, 
ElytrobU  nnorrha  'a,  <  'nlporrho. ' ><■ —  I  U  rim 
conhnii  has  received  tbe  names  Fluor  albue  uteri, 
sea  Medorrhce'a  uteri,  ifetroblennor- 
rlfi'o.  Blennnmetri'tie,  ifetroblenname'ntia,  Metro- 
ejettar'rbue,  Metroleueorrbot'a,    1.     Lent 

,tarrhe  utfrin.     It  is  often  attended  with 
pain  :n  in  the  loins,  abdo- 

men a  it  <l  thighs;  disordered  digestive  functions, 
that,  at  times,  the  health  suffers  largely, 
although  there  are  few  females  who  are  not  occa- 
lionally  suhject  to  moderate  leucorrhoea.     Atten- 
the  general  health,  change  of  air.  keep- 
■   a    perspirable    state    of  the  surface    by 
flannel  worn  next  the  skin,  the  horizontal  posture, 
more  than  pharmaceutical  Rgents  :  which 
ar«>  almost  entirely  confined  to  astringent  injeo- 

These    may   1 roployed,   when   the  dis- 

ebarge  is  so  great  as  t<»  require  them. 

orrhcea    Analts,    Bee    Hseinorrhois —  I. 
Jfabothi,  see  Parturition. 

LKUCOHRHOIS,  Bee  Hssmorrhois. 
LEUCO'SES;    from    Xsvkos,    'white'     Tn    the 
_y  of  M.  Alibert,  all    the   diseases  of  the 
lymphatic  apparatus.     The  7th  family  in  his  No- 
Tn   that  of  Fuchs,  it  is  a  family  of  dis- 
6.)   L e  u  k  open,  which  includes  the  va- 
rious forms  of  anaemia. 

Lanrosis,  Leucoma,  Paleness.     Pee  Albino. 
LEUK    or    LOCCHE,   MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     Saline,  chalybeate  waters,  about  six  leagues 
distant  from  Sion.      They  contain  chloride  of  so- 
dium,  with   a  little  sulphate  of  magnesia;  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid,  and  protoxide  of  iron. 
LEUKEMIA,  Leucaemia, 
LEUKOL  E  r  X  '  I'  M,   Chinofein'uw,  Lenleol, 
]■  I      '•  oh  in,      Chi'nolein,     Chi'fiolin. 

'1      t  substanc      -  the  product  of  the  dry  distilla- 
tion of  coal;  mixed  with  picolin.  anilin  and  other 
in  mineral  tar.      It   is  procured,  also. 
by  beating  quinia,  eiuchonia  and  etrychnia,  with 
•  titrated  a  ley  of  pntaeea  as  can  be  made. 
ecific  gravity   is    1.081  :    and   it  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  and  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  alcohol,  ether  and  essential  oils. 
LEYAIN,  Ferment 
LEVATOR,  Elevator. 

'i"!:  Ah'gcli  Oris,  Abdu'cene  labio'rum, 

1  'tor     Inbiorum    commn'nie,      Caui'nue,     (Y.) 

ixillo-labial,  Petit  eue-tnaxillo-la^'al  (Cb.), 

'n.     A  small,  flat,   long,  quadrilateral 

.  which  arises  from  the  fossa  canina,  and 

at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  where 

nfnunded  with   the   triangularis.     It  raises 

the  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  draws   it  towards 

•r. 

Am.    Levator  magnua  sen   interim*, 
I  I  'tor  nni,    Scdem    a ttol'le tie,   (F.) 

I  cttcrygien   nnnulaire,   Soue  pvbio-ct 

■  a r  rie  I'atme.     A  muscle,  situate  at 

the   lower  part  of  the  pelvis.     It  is  broad,  flat. 

quadrilateral,  and  broader  above  than  below.     It 

kind  of  membranous  partition,  which 

-   the  outlet   of  the   pelvis,  and  the  upper 

Bsneavity  of  which  i-  opposed  to  that  of  the  dia- 

i.     If  i-  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior 

•  of  the  body  of  the  pubis,  to  the  npper 

the   Obdurator  foramen,  and    kn    the   spine 
ischium  :    and    is   inserted    into  the 

neurotic  line  common   to  it  and  its 

into  the  lateral  parts  of  the  rectum. 

supports  the  rectum  ;  raises  it.  and 

carries  it  upwards   duril  nation    of  the 

'      rt  can,  ah  the  bladder 

favour  the  ex- 

n  of  the  urine  and  .-perm. 


LwATOS  Am  PabvuB,  Transversus  perineal  — 
1.   Auris.   Attollens   aurem  —  1.   Coccj 
gens. 

l.i  vatoh  ih  vs'i'ti.t:  ThtroIdi  e.     A  muscle 

■ally  found  connected  with  the  upper  bor- 
der or  isthmus  of  the  thyroid  gland :  and  attached 
superiorly  to  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

l.i  \\ 'nit  ,M i:\ti.  Levator  labii  inferiorii  —  1. 
i  Oculi,  Rectus   superior  oculi  —  1.  Propria! 

puhe,   L.  scapula1. 

itoh  Labii  Ibtkbjo'bis,  L.  mtnti,  Elevator 
labii  in/''  rio'rie  sen  labii  ittjet  iorie  pro'priue,  1ml - 

m" run  inf't'  rinr,  Mhk'ciiIiik  )><  nirilhi 'tux. I  I     \Hotippe 

tin  men  ton,  l!<  U  vt  ur  de  la  livre  iufirit  urou  du  m<  n- 
tott.    A  portion  of  the  m\e*to-labial  of  Chaussier. 

A  small  muscle  situate  before  the  symphysis* 
menti.  It  is  thick,  conical  ;  and  attached  by  its 
apex  to  a  fos.-ette  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis 
in  the  inferior  maxillary  hone.  Its  fibres  pro- 
ceed diverging  and  vanishing  in  the  manner  of  a 
tuft.  (F.)  Bouppe,  on  the  skin  of  the  chin.  This 
muscle  raises  the  chin,  and  pushes  upward.-  the 
lower  lip. 

Li.vator  Larii  Suterio'ris  AtuBQns]  X\-\ 
Inciei'vne  latere' lis  et  pyramida'lit,  (F.)  Grand 
*iis-i, iii.fi/lo -/ahitil  (Cb.),  J.li'mti  ii r  commun  dc 
f'nilp  du  net  it  ill'  hi  Jim-  evpSrienre.  This  mus- 
cle is  a  fleshy,  thin,  triangular  bundle,  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  nose.  It  arises  from  the  ascend- 
ing process  of  the  superior  maxillary  hone:  thence 
its  fibres  descend  in  a  diverging  manner,  a  part 
being  inserted  into  the  alaof  the  nose,  and  a  part 
losing  themselves  in  the  upper  lip.  This  muscle 
raises  the  upper  lip  and  ala  nasi,  which  it  draws 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Labii  Stpfrioris  Proprhs.  Mue'- 
cuhte  inciei'vne,  Elevator  labii  etiperiorit  / 
)>riiin.  (Y.)  Moyen  eue-marillo-labial ,  (Cb.),  Or- 
bito-maxillo-labial.  This  thin,  flat,  quadrilateral 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  middle  and  inner  part  of 
II  the  face.  It  arises  from  the  os  malse  and  the  os 
maxillare  superius,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper 
lip,  which  it  raises,  at  the  same  time  carrying  it 
a  little  outwards. 

Lkvator  Pai.a'ti,  L.  Pahtti  Mollie,  Petro- 
ealpin'go-xtaphyli'nve,  Salpin'go-etaphyli'nue  iv- 
ter'mis,  Salpinga-etaphylimie,  I'ti  r'ygo-etaphyli- 
liiiH  extermie,  Spheno-etaphylinue,  Spfiena-palati'- 
nue,  Perietaphylinue  intemue  enperior,  PStrn-eta- 
phylin,  (Oh.).  This  muscle  is  long,  narrow,  and 
almost  round  above;  broader  and  flatter  iii !". •- 
riorly.  It  arises  from  the  lower  surface  of  tl  e 
pan  petroea;  from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustn- 
chian-tuhe:  and  is  inserted  into  the  substance  of 
the  velum  palati.  Its  use  is  to  raise  the  velum 
palati. 

Levator  Pat.'pkrr.*:  Sttpkrio'rts,  Palpebral 
tnperiorie  pritnu*,  Apertor  Orfuli,  Ape'riene  Pal- 
pebra'rum  rectue,  ttecln'eor  palpebrarum,  (F.) 
Orbita- palpebral  (Ch.),  Orbito-eue-palpt 
h'l'i'rnti  ur  if-  In  pavpiire  eupfrienre.  A  long, 
small,  thin  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  part  of 
tin'  orbitar  cavity.  By  its  posterior  extremity  it 
i-  Inserted  into  the  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid  hone. 
Immediately  in  front  of  the  foramen  opticuin.  am', 
by  its   anterior   extremity,  which    is   expanded,  it 

terminates  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  tarsal  car- 
tilage of  the  eyelid.  This  mu.-cle  raises  the 
upper  eyelid,  draws  it  backwards,  and  sinks  it 
into  the  orbit 

Lkvator  Pros'tat*:.  (F.)  llrhmir  il,  hi  prt  i- 
,  tnte.      Bantorini  has  given  this  name  to  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  levator ani, which  embrace  tl  e 
prostate, 

l.i  VATOD  Bcap'uub,  Eleva'tar  ecapulaj,  I 
Miix'iii/iim  Patien'tiat,  Angitla'rie,  Levator  pro' pri- 
>>t1(p, — (F.)  Trachflo-ecapulaire  (Cb.).  An- 
,  gulaire  dc    l'omoj,lute,   JUlcvcur  dc   Vomoplate. 


LEVATORES   COSTARUM 


536 


LICHEN 


This  muscle  is  so  called,  because  it  is  attached 
to  the  upper  and  internal  angle  of  the  scapula. 
It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  lateral  part  of 
the  neck,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  hack.  It 
is  long.  Hat,  and  broader  above  than  below.  In 
this  latter  direction,  it  is  inserted  into  the  supe- 
rior internal  angle  of  the  scapula:  and,  in  the 
former,  into  the  tops  of  the  transverse  processes 
of  the  first  four  cervical  vertebra?.  It  depresses 
the  prominence  of  the  shoulder,  by  raising  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  scapula,  on  which  it  im- 
presses a  kind  of  rotary  motion.  It  can,  also, 
draw  the  head  to  one  side. 

LEVATOR  Ure'thr.E,  (F.)  Releveur  de  VUre- 
thre.  Santorini  describes  under  this  name  a 
portion  of  the  transversus  perinsei  muscle. 

LEVATORES  COSTARUM,  Supracostales. 

LEYEX.  Ferment. 

LEVER,  from  levare,  'to  lift  up.'  Vectis, 
Mnchlus,  Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible  rod,  turning 
round  a  fixed  point,  and  used  for  moving  bodies, 
bearing  burdens,  or  raising  them.  The  point  on 
which  the  lever  moves  is  called  the  Fulcrum,  Hy- 
pomoeh'lion.  The  force  which  moves  the  lever 
is  called  the  power ;  and  the  weight  to  be  moved, 
the  resistance.  There  are  three  kinds  of  levers. 
A  lever  of  the  first  kind  has  the  fulcrum  between 
the  power  and  resistance.  A  lever  of  the  second 
kind  has  the  resistance  between  the  fulcrum  and 
power:  whilst  a  lever  of  the  third  kind  has  the 
power  between  the  fulcrum  and  resistance.  In 
the  locomotive  system  of  the  human  body,  we 
have  examples  of  all  the  three  kinds.  The  bones 
represent  fevers ;  the  muscles  of  locomotion  are 
powers  j  the  weight  of  parts  to  be  moved  con- 
stitutes the  resistance.  The  fulcra,  are,  at  times, 
the  joints:  at  others,  the  ground,  <tc.  The  head 
moves  on  the  neck,  as  a  lever  of  the  first  kind; 
the  first  cervical  vertebra  forming  the  fulcrum. 
We  rise  on  tiptoe  by  a  lever  of  the  second  kind, 
the  fulcrum  being  the  ground  under  the  toes: 
and  we  have  examples  of  a  lever  of  the  third 
kind  in  the  flexion  of  the  fore-arm  on  the  arm,  in 
the  elevation  of  the  arm.  &c. 

Lever,  Hystero-moch'lium,  J/ochlis'cus,  Vectis 
obstetric'  ins,  Vectis.  (F.)  Levier,  is  an  instrument 
r-urved  at  the  extremity,  and  having  a  fenestra. 
It  is  used  to  assist  the  extraction  of  the  child's 
head,  when  instrumental  aid  is  necessary.  Le- 
vers are,  also,  used  by  the  dentist  for  extracting 
stumps,  &c.  The  Levier  de  VEchae,  Lanf/ue  de 
Carpe,  Trivelin  or  Punch,  is  employed  for  ex- 
tracting the  molar  teeth. 

LEVI'ATHAX  PEXIS.  Pria'pus  Ceti,  Bale'- 
rms.  The  penis  of  the  Avhale.  This  singular  me- 
dicine was,  at  one  time,  given  in  powder,  in 
eases  of  dysentery  and  leucorrhoea. 

LEVIER.  Lever — /.  de  V  Eel  use,  see  Lever. 

LEVIGA'TION,  Lceviaa'tio,  from  Icp.vigare, 
lrpvig<t'tum,  [loevis,  'smooth,')  'to  polish.'  Por- 
phyriza'tion.  An  operation,  by  which  bodies  are 
reduced  to  very  fine  powder.  It  is  performed  by 
putting  substances,  already  pulverized,  into  water; 
the  coarser  parts  are  not  long  in  being  deposited, 
whilst  the  finer  molecules  remain  suspended  in 
the  water.  The  liquor  is  decanted  into  another 
vessel,  and  suffered  to  remain  at  rest,  until  the 
fine  particles  are  collected  at  the  bottom.  The 
fluid  part  is  then  separated  by  decantation. 

LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LEVRE,  Lip.       . 

LEVRES  GBAXDES.  Labia  pudendi— I.  Pe- 
titcs.  Nvmphae — I.  de  hi   Vulve.  Labia  pudendi. 

LEW  RE,  Test—/,  de  la  Rieve,  Test. 

LEXIPHARMACTS.  Alexipharmic. 

LEXIPYRETICFS.  Febrifuge. 

LEY,  Lixivium.  Lye — 1.  Soap.  Liquor  potassa?. 

LEYS'SERA    GXAPIIALOI'DES.     A   South 


African    plant,  Nat.    Ord.  Composite,  which    is 
emollient,  and  highly  recommended  at  the  Cape, 
in  catarrh,  cough,  and  even  in  phthisis. 
LEZARD,  Lizard. 

LIAS  A  REGLTSSE,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LIA'TRIS  SPICA'TA.  Gayfeather,  Button 
snakeroot.  Ord.  Composite.  An  indigenous 
plant,  growing  in  meadows  and  moist  grounds  in 
the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  Its  beautiful 
purple  compound  flowers  are  in  a  spike.  They 
appear  in  August.  The  root  has  been  considered 
diuretic. 

Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and  L.  Sqearro'sa, 
Throativort,  Sow-toort,  Backache  root.  Devil-bite, 
Blazing  star,  Prairie  pines,  Rough  rout,  are 
called  from  their  reputed  powers  in  bites  from 
the  rattlesnake.  Rattlesnake's  master.  The  roots, 
bruised,  are  applied  to  the  wound,  and  the  decoc- 
tion, in  milk,  is  given  internally. 

LIBAXOTIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  eretensis 
—  1.  Coronaria,  Rosmarinus  —  1.  Cretensis,  Atha- 
manta eretensis — 1.  Hirsuta,  Athamanta  cretensis. 

LIBAXOTUS,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBAXUS.  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBER  PIIARMACEUTICUS,  Dispensato- 
rium. 

LIBTDIXIS  SEDES.  Clitoris. 

LIBIDIXOSUS,  Libidinous. 

LIBID'IXOUS,  Libidino'sus,  Lasci'vns,  Ye- 
veriv'agus  ;  from  libido,  'lust,'  Lech'eruus,  Lich'- 
orous.     Lewd ;  lustful. 

LIBT'DO.  Desire,  necessity.  Authors  speak 
of  Libido  vri'nee.  Libido  intesti' ni.  Some  em- 
ploy it  synonymously  with  Prurigo ;  others,  with 
Salac"itae,  Ijubi'do.  Hi'meros. 

LIBOS.  from  Xct/Sw,  'to    drop.'     A    defluxion 
:  from  the  eves. — Galen. 

LIBRA.' Pound. 

LICHAXOS,  Index,  see  Digitus. 

LICHE.  Body. 

LICHEX.  >£(^77v  or  A<^??v,  (pronounced  li'ken,) 
Exor'mia  Lichen,  Leichen,  Serpi'r/o,  Vn/at'ica, 
Pap'ul(B,  P.  sice<p,  Peti'go,  Pustnla?  sicca.  Sca'- 
bies  sicca  seu  a'r/ria,  Licheni'asis  adulto'rum, 
Li'chcnous  rash,  (F.)  Gale  seche.  Dartre  furftiraeae 
volante,  Poussee.  The  cutaneous  affection  de- 
scribed under  this  name  by  the  Greek  writers,  is 
not  clearly  defined.  Some  have  believed  it  to  be 
Impetigo,  but  this  is  doubtful.  The  name  is,  now, 
generally  applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption  of  red 
J  pimples,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  sense  of 
[  tingling  or  pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and  Ba reman 
define  it,  —  "an  extensive  eruption  of  papulae 
|  affecting  adults,  connected  with  internal  disor- 
der, usually  terminating  in  scurf:  recurrent,  net 
contagious."  One  of  their  varieties,  however, 
the  Lichen  Tropicus,  does  not  accord  well  with 
this  definition  ;  for  it  affects  children  as  well  as 
adults,  and  is  unconnected  with  internal  dis- 
order. 

Lichen  A'GRTI'S,  I.  A'gria,  Exor'mia  Lichen 
ferus.  Lichen  ferns,  Pap' ula  a'gria,  Wild  Lichen, 
is  distinguished  by  pimples  in  clusters  or  patches, 
surrounded  by  a  red  halo:  the  cuticle  growing 
gradually  harsh,  thickened,  and  chappy,  often 
preceded  by  general  irritation.  In  addition  to 
antiphlogistics,  a  cooling  ointment  may  be  used, 
to  allay  itching. 

Lichen  Barbates  Plicates,  L.  plicatus. 

Lichen  CiRerMSCRip'Trs  is  characterized  by 
clusters  or  patches  of  papula?,  having  a  well  de- 
fined margin,  and  an  irregularly  circular  form: 
continuing  for  six  or  eiirht  weeks.  These  varieties 
require  but  little  medical  treatment.  The  anti- 
phlogistic plan  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

Lichen  Ferus,  Lichen  agrius. 

Lichen    Liv'idus.     The   papulae  have  a  dark 
il  red  or  livid  hue,  without  any  fever.     They  are 


LICHEN   PILARIS 


5.?  7 


LIENTERY 


more  permanent  in  this  variety.     It  requires  the  astringent,  end  rather  acid.     It  was  once  in  high 

mineral  acids  end  bark,  repute  for  enring  diseases  of  the  lunge. 

Lichen   l'n  l'hs,   Exor'mia   Lichen  pil  Lichen   PrxiDA'Ttr*,    Vneena  Pjpriefa'tne,  >'-_y- 

.  a  modification  of  the  preceding;  the  pa-  phoph'orua  pyxida'tue,  hfua'enlua   pyrot'di 

pulse  appearing  at  the  roots  of  the  hair.  Lichen  pyxida'tue  major  sen  cocci  feme. 

Lichen    Simplex,   Bxor'mia    Lichen    eimplex,  Herba    Tgnie,   Oup    Bfoee,  (F.J   Lichen  entonnoir, 

tn  eruption  of  red  papain),  appearing  Lichen   Battier,   /,.   Pyxidi.     This   plant  is  >uh- 

arms,  and  afterwards  extend-  astringent,  and  has  been  need   in  decoetion  in 

:  preceded  for  a  few  days  by  I  hooping-cough, 

brile  irritation,  which  usually  ceases  when  Lichen   Ri  r*  1  1  \tis.  L.  pulraonarius. 

the  eruption  appears, — with  an  unpleasant  sense  Lichen    I:    •    kl'la,   Purme'lia  roeccfla,   Roe- 

:  the  night     It  generally  dies     eeita,    R.    tineto'ria,    Seta'ria     r Lit  mum, 

/.minus,  L.  tincto'riua,  Orchill,    Cana'ry   Archell, 
Ohiuney  Weed,  Herb  Archell,  (F.J  Orecille.     The 


in  ten  -lays  nr  a  fortnight 

Lichen    Trop'icos,   Exorm i<i   Lichen  tropic**, 

[.'],     Sudam'ina  [.'],    Prickly 

The   pimples   are   bright 

•  1  of  the  size  of  a  small  pin's  head  ;  with 

r.  an.l  pricking,  as  if  by  needles.     It 

i<  local :  produced  by  excessive  heat :  and  disap- 

when  the  weather  becomes  cooler,  or  the 

individual  is  inured  to  the  climate. 

Lichen    I  /,.   Urtico'aue,    Exor'mia 

ttiehen  urtico'aua,  is  another  variety.     The  Nettle 
Lilian  -    of    papulsa,    accompanied    by 

wheals   like   those  of  nettle   rash.      A  variety   of 
thi<  is  said  to  V>e  called,  in  America,  ll'ujhis. 
Lichen,  Wn.n,  Lichen  agrius. 
LlCHEN  APHTHOSDS,  Pelti'tiea  aphtho'aa;  Ord. 
Lichen  rid  to  be  cathartic  and  anthel- 

mintic. 

Lichrh    Arborhw,    Lichen    pnlmonarios  —  1. 

Barhatus  plicatus,  Lichen  plicatns  —  I.  Blanc  de 

■'iiinus— I.  Bottler,  L.  pyxidatus. 

Lichen     Caninca    sen    apu'riue    sen    terrea'- 

1   /■-  no'aiu  sen  cii  •  -''n'*.  Bfitacua 

fiiii'iini,   Phya'cia    nina'lia,   Peltig"era    cani'na. 


shief  use  of  this  plant  is  as  a  blue  dye.     It  lias 
been  employed  to  allay  cough  in  phthisis, 

Lichen  Baxat'ilir,  L.  ti ncto'rine  seu  lacinia'- 

■  ■.-111 1  '/in  taxat'ilie,   Imbriea'ria    aaxat'ilie, 

Loba'ria  eaxafilia,  Bfuaena  Vratnii  httma'ni,  Is. 

m  ' ■'.  Thii  m  iss,  when  found  growing  on  a  human 

-   skull,   was   formerly   in    high    estimation    against 

bead  affections.   ., 

Lichbn  Bpurius,  L.  eaninus  —  1.  Stellatus, 
Marchantia  polymorphs — I.  Tinctorins,  L.  Saxa- 
tilis — 1.  Wall,  yellow,  Parmelia  parietina. 

LICHENIASIS  ADULTORUM,  Lichen  — 1. 
Strophulus.  Strophulns. 

LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM,  Lichen  Is- 
landicus. 

LTOKOROUS,  Libidinous. 

LICINIUM,  Tent 

LICORICE.  Glycyrrhiaa. 

LICULMEN,  Garum. 

LIEB'ENSTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situated  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe-M<  i 
ningen,  are  amongst  the  strongest  acidulous  cha- 


tni'na  seu  lencorrhi'za  seu  mala'cea     lybeates  in  Germany.     They  contain  sulphate  of 
1  npu'ria,  Aah-coloured  Ground     soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
Itieerwort,     V.     Lichen  centre-rage,  Lichen   Limit-     ride   of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
e.     This  cryptogamoas   plant  was,  for  n     magnesium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

-.able  of  preventing  and  LIEBERKttHN'S  GLANDS  or  FOLLICLES, 

rurina  It  has,  also,  been  used  in      Glan'dtda  seu  Crypto.  LieberkUhnia'uct,  BO  called 

from  their  first  describer,  are  line,  capillary,  blind 
sacs,  the   openings   of   which   are   from    1-L'0th   to 


mania  and  in  spasmodic  asthma. 

Lichen  Cinerbds  Terrrstris,  L.  eaninus  —  1. 
Carrageen,  Fucus  crispus — 1.  Cocciferus,  L.  pyxi- 

ftatns  —  I.  1 '-•    Rage,  I>.  eaninus — /.  Entonnoir, 

L.  pyxidatus  —  1.  Eryngifolius,  L.  islandicus —  1. 
Floridus    hirtus,  L.  plicatus  —  1.  Hirtus,  L.  pli- 
eatus. 
Lichen   Islan'dicds,    L.  eryngifo'liue,  Liche- 
■    Inland' iiiim,  Loba'ria    1*1  in'dica,  Mwte.ua 
1  cathar'tioua,  Clado'nia  seu  Phya'- 
1    Cetra'ria  sen   Parme'lia    falan'dica,  Ice- 
Lichen    or    Liverwort   or    M»*8,   (F.)    Li' Inn 
trfulande,  Jfouaat  marine  perlSe,  Mnuaat  oVIalande. 
This  plant  is  inodorous,  with  a  bitter  and  muci- 
me  1  to  be  tonic,  demul- 
•  1  nutrient     Dose,  ~i  to  Jiv,  being  first 
:    in  wat.-r   holding   in    solution    some    car- 
:    p    '  1--  1  to  extract    the  bitter,  and  then 
boiled  iti  milk.     A  bitter  principle  has  been  ex- 
1    from    it,    termed    Cetrarin,    Oetrari'num, 
Oetra'rium,  which  1  en  in  intermittent^. 

Lichi  \  I.  \>  iNi  vns,  L.  BaxatUis — 1.  Parietinus, 
1  parietina, 

ia'tits,  L.  hirta*  co„  barba'ttu  )>H- 

tridum  hi,  tni,  Parme'lia  plica' ta,  XJa- 

.   !'.  Ffor'idn  hirta  sen  hirta,  Muecua 

nrbo'reua  sen  albua  .  •■     rcVni  Herba. 

Laplanders,  aa  an 

m  1    to    parts 
r  long  journeys. 
'    i.mon  \'i:irs.   L.  ar'bomm  seu  refi*- 

I    iinlmnnii'rrii.   Reticnla'l 

!iM  pulmonariu*  qnerei'una,  Pulmona'- 
tria,  St i eta  pnlnto- 

'.     Hi-  I    ('rut. 


l-".i'?h  of  a  line  in  diameter,  so  closely  placed 
over  the  whole  of  the  small  intestine  as  to  give 
the  mucous  membrane  a  general  sieve-like  or 
perforated  appearance.     They  secrete  the  succua 

1  nt.  rims. 

^  LTEBERSCHE  AUSZEHRUNffS  KRA  TI- 
TER, see  Galeopsis  grandiflora  —  1.  Brust- 
krauter,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

LIEBWERDA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Liebwerda  is  a  Bohemian  village,  near  the  Slle- 
sian  frontier.  The  springs  are  much  frequented. 
There  arc  four,  all  of  which  are  rich  in  carbonic 
acid,  and  contain  but  little  saline  matter. 

1.1  En K.  Buber. 

1. 1 1.'\  i  l\  1,  Vin'culum.  A  band,  atrap  or  gan> 
ter,  used  in  certain  operations:  as  to  tie  patients 
during  the  operation  of  lithotomy  :  to  fix  the  ap- 
paratus in  fracture,  Ac.      Also,  the  spleen. 

LIEN  ACCESSORIUS,  Lienculus— L  Ingens, 
Splenoncua — I.  Buccenturiatus,  Lienculus. 

LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  lien,  'spleen,' 
Lien   auccentnria'tus   seu  aec***c*'riu*.     A  super* 

numerarv  >) 

LIKNITI8,  Splenitis. 

LIENOSUS,  Splenic 

LI'ENTERY,  Lienter'ia,  from  Xtcoc,  'smooth,' 
'slippery,' and  cvrcpov,  'intestine'     Lot' vita 
Lax'itaa      inteutino'rum.      Diarrhea' a      lienter'ia. 


Li 


Ch 


rrhora    sen    Lax'itaa 


•nm,  Bromai  Oiarrhca'a  Dyepep'- 

■    "    !  'peri» 
','iis.     Frequent   liquid    eva< 


ffee,   Hatelrany,  (V.)   Lichen  pnlmonaire,    Pulmo-     the   food  only   half  digested.     This  condition    13 
naire  en  arbre  ou  de  chine.     This   plaut   is  sub-      always    symptomatic    of   great    irritation    in    the 


LIERRE 


38 


intestinal  canal,  the  sensibility  of  which  is  so 
much  augmented  that  it  cannot  bear  the  sojourn 
of  the  food  in  it. 

LIERRE,  Iledera  helix — 1.  Grimpant,  Hedera 
helix — I.  Terreatre,  Glechoina  hederacea. 

LIFE,  Sax.  lip,  lyp,  Vita,  Bios,  Bi'ote,  Bi'otos, 
Zoe,  Pneutna,  Spir'itus,  (F.)  Vie.  The  state  of 
organized  beings,  during  which,  owing  to  the 
union  of  an  unknown  force  with  matter,  they 
are  capable  of  performing  functions  different 
from  those  that  regulate  other  natural  bodies*;  all 
of  which  functions,  however  numerous  and  diver- 
sified, work  to  one  end.  Life  has  only  a  limited 
duration  ;  beyond  which, — the  organic  functions 
ceasing  to  be  executed, — the  body  is  given  up  to 
the  agency  of  chemical  affinity.  Hence  Bichat 
has  defined  life  to  be — the  aggregate  of  the  func- 
tions which  resist  death.  On  account  of  the  dif- 
ference that  exists  among  the  vital  functions,  he 
applied  the  term  Organic  Life  to  the  functions 
inservient  to  composition  and  decomposition; — 
as  digestion,  respiration,  circulation,  calorifica- 
tion, absorption,  secretion,  and  nutrition ;  and 
Animal  Life,  to  the  functions  which  connect  man 
and  animals  with  external  bodies;  as  the  under- 
standing, sensations,  locomotion  and  voice. 

Life-Blood.  A  term,  commonly  used  for  a 
twitching  or  quivering  of  the  eyelids — a  kind  of 
involuntary  or  muscular  tic.     See  Cillo. 

Life,  Duration  of,  see  Longevity. 

Life  Everlasting,  Gnaphalium  margarita- 
ceum — 1.  Everlasting,  plantain,  Antennaria  plan- 
taginifolia  —  1.  Everlasting,  sweet-scented,  Gna- 
phalium polycephalum. 

Life,  Expectation  of,  see  Longevity. 

Life-Insu'rance.  A  contract  entered  into, 
usually  by  an  innurance  company,  to  pay  a  cer- 
tain sum  of  money  on  a  person's  death,  on  the 
condition  of  his  paying  an  annual  premium 
during  his  life.  The  medical  practitioner  may 
be  applied  to  to  certify  that  the  life  of  the  insured 
is  one  that  is  insurable  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  company. 

Life  Root,  Senecio  aurens. 

Life,  Value  of.  see  Longevity,  and  Mortality. 

Life's  Blood,  Life-blood,  Cillo. 

LIG'AMENT,  Ligamen'tum  ;  from  lignre,  liga- 
tion, 'to  bind;'  Desmos,  Syntles'mos,  Colliga'men, 
Cop'ula.  A  name  given  to  fibrous  structures, 
which  serve  to  unite  bones,  and  to  form  articula- 
tions; hence  the  division  into  interosseous  and 
articular  ligaments.  They  are  of  a  white,  close 
texture;  are  but  little  extensible,  and  difficult  to 
break.  The  name  ligament  has,  also,  been  given 
to  any  membranous  fold,  which  retains  an  organ 
in  its  situation. 

Table  of  the  Principal  Ligaments. 

Capsular  ligament. 

Suspensory  ligament  of  the 
stylo-glossus. 

Lateral  ligament. 

Two  capsular  ligaments  between 
atlas  and  head. 

Circular  ligament. 

Two  capsular  between  atlas  and 
axis. 

Perpendicular  ligament. 

Two  lateral  or  moderator  liga- 
meuts. 

Transverse  ligament  and  its  ap- 
pendices. 

Anterior  common. 

Crucial  intervertebral. 

Ligaments  running  from  the 
edge  of  the  bony  arch  and  spi- 
nous process  of  one  vertebra 
to  that  of  the  next. 

Tnterspinous  ligament. 

Ligamentum  nuchas. 

Intertransverse. 

Capsular. 
I  Posterior  or  internal  common.      I 


1.  Of  tlie  Lower  Jaiv. 


2.  Connecting  the 
Head  with  the  first 
and  second  Verte- 
bra, and  these  with 
each  other. 


3.  Of  the  other  Verte- 
bral. 


4.  Of  the  Fibs,  Ster- 
num., dtc. 


LIGAMENT 


f  Capsular  of  the  head  of  ribs. 
Capsular  of  the  tubercles. 
Liganieuta     transversaria      in 

tenia. 

Ligamenta  transversaria  ex- 
terna. 

Liganieuta  cervicis  costarum 
externa. 

Ligamentous  fibres  running 
from  the  margins  of  the  ex- 
tremities of  tlie  ribs  to  the 
corresponding  cartilages. 

Radiated  ligaments  from  carti- 
lage of  ribs  to  the  sternum. 

Capsular  ligaments  of  the  curti- 
lages of  the  ribs. 

Proper  membrane  of  sternum. 

L.  of  cartilago-eiisiformis. 

Tendinous  expansions  over  tlie 
intercostales,  <fce. 


5.  Of  the  Pelvis., 


6.  Of  the  Clavicle. 


fTwo  transverse, — one  superior, 
one  iuferior. 

Ilio-sacral. 

Capsular  of  the  sacro-iliac  syn- 
chondrosis. 

Two  sacro-ischiatic,  —  posterior 
and  anterior,  with  the  superior 
and  inferior  appendices. 

Longitudinal  of  os  eoeeygis. 

Inguinal  ligament. 

Capsular  of  symphysis  pubis. 

Ligament  of  foramen  thyroi- 
deum. 

f  Radiated  ligament. 
1  Capsular. 

Interclavicular. 
J  Ligamentum  rhomboideuin. 

Claviculo-acromial. 

Conoid. 

Trapezoid. 


7.  Of  the  Scapula /interior  triangular. 

{ Proper  posterior. 

8.  Of    the    Slwulder- }  n 

Joint.  Capsular. 


9.  Of  the  Elbow-Joint. 


Capsular. 
Brachio-ulnar. 

Brachioradial. 

Coronary  of  the  radius. 

Anterior    and    posterior    o,cces- 
j      sory. 

I  Intermuscular    of    the    os    hu- 
[     meri. 

10.  Carpal  Extremity  f Interosseous  ligament. 
of  Radius  andUJna.  j  Oblique  or  chorda  transversalis 
and    between    those).      cubiti. 
bo?ies.  { Capsular. 


11 


Between  Fore-arm  j "9lPf'ular*  , 

,  ,,r  .  .  ■<  Iwo  lateral. 

and  Wrist  |Mucou,. 


(  Annular. 
Capsular. 

12.  Of  the  Carpus \  Short         ligaments.  —  oblique, 

transverse,      capsular,       and 
[     proper. 


13.    Bettveen     CcrrpaV 


and 
bones. 


Metacarpal 


Articular  lateral. 
Straight,  perpendicular,  <tc. 


14.  Between  the  extre-  ( Interosseous,  at  the  bases  and 
mities  of  the  Meta-<  heads,  —  dorsal,  lateral,  pal- 
carpal  bones.  (_     mar. 

15.  At  the  base  of  the') 
Metacarpal  bone  of    r         ,„ 
the  Thumb,  and  at  \  f\?m  ir- 
the  first  joint  of  the  I  ljllteial- 
Fingers.  J 

16.  Of  the  first  and} 

second  joints  of  the  |  c  _,ula_ 
Thwmb,  and  second  [•V??*",    ' 
and  third  joints  of  I  mierdl- 
the  Fingers.  J 


Annular. 

Vaginal  or  flexor  tendons. 
Vaginal  or  crucial  of  the  pha- 
langes. 

the    flexor    ten- 


17.    Retaining        the 
Tendons      of      the 
Muscles  of  the  Hand  \  Accessory    of 
and      Fingers      in        dons. 
situ.  Posterior  annular. 

I  Vaginal  of  extensors. 

^  Transverse  of  extensors. 


LIGAMENT 

f  Capsular  and  a 
18.  CbnneeHmg  the  0*  \  Round  or  tore*  llgam  tnt 
iginous  ligament. 


LIGHT 


iitii-iimmituiii. 


19.  Of  Vie  Knce-Joint. 


20.  Qmneding  Fibula 
ami  Tibia. 


Double  cartilaginous  lig  iment 
Ligamenta  in  > 

-  Intornal   ai 
n  ii. 
External     short     lateral     liga- 
ment 

r  ligament 
at  of  the  patella. 
Capsular. 
Ligamentum  alare, —  Dbajoi  el 

inimi<. 

Ligamentum  mucosum. 

Two  rruciaL. — anterior  and  pos- 

terior. 
Tranai  • 

far. 
[ntero ci*. 


[  Posl 


rii  r  superior. 
■  iperior. 


netting 

!      u-i'th 
Leg  B 


On 


<  Anterior  ligament  of  the  fibula. 


Of  the  Tarsus.. 


••  oi"  fihula. 
es  of  tibia. 

Capsular. 

Capsular. 

Short  ligaments. 

Capsular,   hmad    superior,    and 
lateral   ligaments,  connecting 
I  US  and  navieulare. 

Superior,  lateral,  and  inferior, 
lixiii.'  os  calcia  to  os  euboides. 

Long,  oblique,  and  rhomboid, 
forming  the  inferior  liga- 
ments. 

Superior    superficial,   In1 
mis    and    inferior    transTprse 
ligaments,  fixim:  the  us  navi- 
eulare and  os  euboides. 

Superior  lateral,  and  plantar, 
which  lix  tlie  os  navieulare 
and  cuneiform. 

Buperior  superficial  and  ple.n- 
tar.  connecting  the  os  eu- 
boides. and  os  cuneiforms  ex- 
ternum. 

Dorsal  and  plantar,  uniting  the 
■meiforinia. 

Tie*  proper  capsular  of  each 
bone. 

23.    Between     Tortus  f  c*Pgu.lar:     ,      ..      ,    ,    ... 

ami  Mdatarsu*.      \  Dor™}<  Planta,r;  ^tera1'  Btrai8ht> 
(_     oblique,  and  transverse. 

{  Dorsal,     plantar,     and     lateral, 
connecting     the    metatarsal 
Transverse  ligaments. 
25.  Of  the  Phalanges  f Capsular. 

Zbtf.  (  Lateral. 

Annular. 

Paginal  of  the  tendons  of  the 
peronei. 
ttod. 
Vaginal    of    the    tendon    of  the 
flexor  longus  polliois. 
,J  Vaginal  and  crurial  ol  the  ten- 
;'   the    flexors    of   the 
• 

I  of  the  flexor  tendons 
of  the  ■ 
Trati-verse  of  the  extensor  ten- 

.   of  Tnrc   Bladder.    A 

by  tbe  older  anatomists  to  ■  p  r- 

Hon  of  tbe  superior  pel  vie  aponenrosis,   which 

1  I  to  tbe  front  of  the  neck  of  the 

i  VENT  ART&RTEL,  Arterial  I \ 
— 1.  Camper's,  Perineal  fascia— L  Cervical  supra- 
spinal, see  Supraspinosa  ligamenta  —  /.  CHiaire, 
Ciliary  ligan 

n  \iiv.  of  thk  Livr.n.  ia  a  rc- 

the  peril am,  between  the 

|  ir  margin  of  the  liver,  and  the  lower  mr- 

the  diaphragm. 

xiphoid,  Xiphoid   ligament 
— /.  I)  <•■■>;,   Denticulatura  ligamentum- 

tioulatum    ligamentum —  1.    I 


16.     Bftnxmnrj        thr 
Toes  iu  Mtu. 


bambo-fjvpraspinal,  see  Bnpra-spinoea  ligamenta 

—  1.  of  Pallopios,  Crural  areh  —  1.  Oiinliernat's, 
see  Gimhernat'a  ligament— 1.  Glossepiglotf 
Qlossepiglottie — 1.  [nfra-pobian,  Triangular  liga- 
ment—  /.  lntt n'jn'ii' -iu-,  Interspinal  ligament — 1. 
of  the  Oearj,  see  Ovarium — 1.  Palmar  interior, 
Metacarpal  ligament  —  1.  Poupart'e,  Crural  areh 
— I.  RotuL,  Teres  ligamentum — /.  Sur-fpineux  eer- 
vici/.  see  Bnpra-epinosa  ligamenta  — /.  8ur-4pi- 

>rso  lombaire,  see  Bupra-spinoai  ligamenta 

—  1.  Suspensory,  of  the  liver,  see  Suspensory — 1. 
Triangular,  Perineal  fat 

LIGAMENTA    ALARIA,  Odontoid   ligaments 

—  1.  Apieam,  see  Interspinal  ligament  —  1.  Coli- 
see  Colon — 1.  Interlobnlaria  pulmonnm,  Interlo- 
bular tissue  —  1.  Intervertebralia,  Intervei 
cartilages  —  1.  Lata  uteri,  see  Uterus  —  1.  Man- 
charti,  odontoid  ligaments  —  1.  Rotunda  uteri, 
Mound  ligaments  of  the  uterus  —  1.  Tanea  lata, 
see  Taraea  lata  (ligamenta1. 

LIOAMENTEUX,  Ligamentous. 
LIOAMENTOSUS,  Ligamentous. 
LIGAMENTOUS,     Ligetmentt/n*,     D>tvwuf>, 

-.      I.      I.'rnin  nh  ii.r.     Ih*mtiix.       Having 

the  character  of,  or  relating  to.  a  ligament 
1.0.  \MK.\TS.  BROAD,  OF  THE  UTERUS, 

see  Uterus — /.  Crottia,  Crucial  ligaments  —  /.  Cru- 
eiformes.  Crucial  ligaments  —  /.  Jaunes,  Yellow 
ligaments  —  /.  Large*  de  I'litem*.  see  Uterus  —  1. 
of  the  Larynx,  inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments— /.  Hands  de  lute  run,  Round  ligaments  of 
the  uterus. 

LIQ AMENTUM,  Ligament  — 1.  Arteriosum, 
see  Arterial  duet — 1.  Capsulare,  Capsular  ligamei  t 
— 1.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament — 1.  Conoides,  Conoid 
ligament  —  1.  Dentatum,  Dentieulatuin  ligamen- 
tum — 1.  Fallopii,  Crural  arch  —  1.  Iridis.  Ciliary 
ligament — I.  Latum,  Suspensory  ligament  of  1 1> o 
liver — 1.  Membranaceous  Glosso-epiglottic  liga- 
ment— 1.  Nucha.  Cervical  ligament  —  1.  Postirum 
Winslowii,  see  Genu  —  1.  Suspensorium  dentia, 
see  Odontoid  ligaments — 1.  Saspensoriura  bepatis, 
Suspensory  ligament  of  the  liver — 1.  Suspense- 
riiim  testis,  Gubernaculum  testis — 1.  Teres,  Teres 
ligamentum — 1.  Trapezoides,  Trapezoid  ligameut 
— 1.  Triangulare,  Triangular  ligament. 

LIGATE,  see  Ligature. 

LIGATIO,  Fascia,  Ligature — 1.  Lingua1,  Apho- 
nia. 

LIGATION,  see  Ligature. 

LIGATURA,  Ligature,  Fascia  — 1.  Glandis, 
Phimosis. 

LIG'ATURE,  Ligatu'ra,  Lfga'tio,  Alh'gatu'ra, 
Deliga'tio,  Viuetu'ra,  Fascia,  Epid'eeis.  This 
word  has  various  acceptations.  It  means.  1.  The 
thread  with  which  an  artery  or  vein  is  tied,  to 
prevent  or  arrest  hemorrhage.  2.  The  cord,  or 
thread,  or  wire,  used  for  removing  tumou 
:'..  The  bandage  used  for  phlebotomy.  Ligature 
Is,  also,  sometimes  applied  to  the  act  of  tying  aa 
artery  or  considerable  vessel — Liga'tion,  and  oc- 
casionally we  meet  with  the  terms  to  ligature  and 
to  ligate,  used  unnecessarily  in  this  sen.-e,  in  place 
of  to  take  up  or  tie  a  veeseL  When  the  artery 
alone  il  tied,  the  ligature  is  said  to  be  immediate  : 
when  any  of  the  surrounding  parts  are  included, 
it  i<  said  to  be  mediate.  The  ligature  occasions 
obliteration  or  adhesion  of  the  arterial  parietes, 
by  cutting  through  the  middle  and  internal  coats  ; 

the  adhesion  being  Favoured  by  the  formation  of 
a  coagulum,  which   acts,  in   some  degree,  aa  a 

bnrrier  against  the  impulse  of  the  blood,  and  sub- 
sequently disappears  by  absorption. 

i.I<;!i  r.  Baa.  lcohr.  lihr,  (Q.)  Licht.  Cat? 
Lumen,  Phoe,  (V  )  Lumiire.  An  extremely  rare 
fluid  :  diffused  over  the  unh  erse  :  i  manating  from 

the   BUD    and    f i  x .  ■  I     stars  j    traversing   more    than 
four   millions    of    leagues    in    a   minute;     | 
through   transparent   bodies,  which  refract  it  ac- 


LIGHTNING 


540 


LIMATIO 


cording  to  their  density  and  combustibility;  and 
arrested  by  opake  bodies,  by  which  it  is  reflected 
at  an  angle  equal  to  the  angle  of  incidence.  It 
is  the  cause  of  colour  in  all  bodies,  being  entirely 
reflected  by  white  surfaces  and  absorbed  by  black. 
It  is  decomposed  in  passing  through  a  transpa- 
rent prism  into  seven  rays — red,  orange,  yellow, 
green,  blue,  purple,  and  violet. 

Light  acts  upon  the  body  as  a  gentle  and  salu- 
tary stimulus.  It  urges  to  exercise,  whilst  pri- 
vation of  it  induces  sleep  and  inactivity,  and  dis- 
poses to  obesity.  Hence  it  is,  that,  in  rural  eco- 
nomy, animals  which  are  undergoing  the  process 
of  fattening  are  kept  in  obscurity.  When  vege- 
tables are  deprived  of  light,  their  nutrition  is  in- 
terfered with,  and  they  becom-e  etiolated.  To  a 
certain  extent  this  applies  to  animals,  and  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  want  of  light  pre- 
vents the  due  development  of  organized  bodies. 
It  has  been  found  that,  when  tadpoles  were  de- 
prived of  light,  they  did  not  undergo  the  perfect 
metamorphosis  into  the  frog,  but  that  monstrosi- 
ties from  arrest  of  development  were  induced- 

LIGHTNING,  Astrape. 

LIGHTS,  Pulnio  —  1.  Rising  of  the,  Cynanche 
trachealis. 

LIGNE,  Line  —  I.  Apre,  Linea  aspera  —  I. 
Blanche,  Linea  alba — I.  Courbe,  Curved  line  —  I. 
J/ediane  de  V abdomen,  Linea  alba — I.  Sous-tro- 
chantfrienne,  Linea  aspera, 

LIG'NEOUS,  Ligno'sus,  (F.)  Ligneux.  Woody. 
Having  the  character  or  appearance  of  wood  ;  as 
'  Ligne'ous  Scirrhus.'  or  S.  of  the  mamma,  which 
has  for  its  principal  characteristics,  hardness,  the 
inextensibility  of  wood,  and  no  defined  limits. — 
Yclpeau.  A  form  of  this,  in  plates,  or  diffused 
over  the  mammary  integuments,  is  termed,  by 
M.  Yelpeau,  Sqvirre  en  cuiraxxe. 

LIGXIN,  from  lignum,  'wood.'  Ligneous  or 
woody  fibre;  the  fibrous  structure  of  vegetable 
substances. 

LIGNUM  ALOES,  Agallochum— 1.  Aspalathi, 
Agallochum — 1.  Benedictum,  Guaiacum — 1.  Brasi- 
lianum  rubrum.  Haematoxylon  campechianum — 
1.  Caeruleum,  Haematoxylon  campechianum  —  1. 
Campechense,  Haematoxylon  campechianum  —  1. 
Campechianum,  Haematoxylon  campechianum  — 
1.  Campescanum,  Haematoxylon  campechianum — 
].  Colubrinum,  see  Strychnos  —  1.  Febrifugum, 
Quassia  —  1.  Haematoxyli,  Haematoxylon  campe- 
chianum— 1.  Indicum,  Guaiacum,  Haematoxylon 
campechianum — 1.  Infelix,  Sambucus — 1.  Nephri- 
ticum,  Guilandina  Moringa  (the  wood) — 1.  Pava- 
nae,  Croton^tiglium — 1.  Quassia?,  see  Quassia  —  1. 
Sanctum,  Guaiacum  —  1.  Sandalinum,  see  Ptero- 
carpus  santalinus — 1.  Sappan,  Haematoxylon  cam- 
pechianum— 1.  Serpentum,  Ophioxylum  serpenti- 
num — 1.  Vitae,  Guaiacum. 

LIGNYODES,  Fuliginous. 

LIGNYS,  Fuligo. 

LIG'ULA,  Lin'gula,  'a  small  tongue,  a  tongue 
of  land;  the  tongue  of  a  shoe.'  The  clavicle; 
also,  the  glottis  and  epiglottis.  A  measure  con- 
taining 3  drachms  and  a  scruple,  or  about  half 
an  ounce.  Also,  a  species  of  bandage  or  ligature. 
— Scribonius. 

LIGUSTICUM,  L.  Levisticum. 

LiGUSTicunr  ActjEifo'lium.  Thas'pium  actati- 
fo'lium,  Angelica  lu'cida,  Angel'ica  Nendo,  White 
root,  indigenous  ;  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  The  root  is 
aromatic  and  carminative. 

Liggsticum  Capillaceum,  iEthusa  meum — 1. 
Carvi,  Carum — 1.  Foeniculum,  Anethum. 

Ligus'ticum  Levis'ticum.  from  AiyvoTiKos,  ap- 
pertaining to  Liguria.  Levin' ti cum,  Laserpitium 
German' icum,  Ligusticum,  Angel'ica  levis'ticum 
seu  paludapifo'lia,  Lavage,  (F.)  LAveche,  Ache 
des  montacjnes.      Ord.   Umbelliferae.      The    pro- 


perties of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  stimulant,  car- 
minative, emmenagogue,  &c. 

Ligusticum  Meum,  ^Ethusa  meum — 1.  Phellan- 
drium,  Phellandrium  aquaticum. 

Ligusticum  Podagra' uia, Podagra'ria  oegopo'- 
dium,  JEgopo'ditim  seu  Sixon  podagra'ria,  Pim- 
pinel'la  (tngelicafo'lia,  Sium  vulya're,  Tragoseli'- 
num  angel' ica,  Sex'eli  agopo'diiuu,  Angel' ica  syl- 
vextris,  Gont-weed.  A  British  plant,  once  con- 
sidered useful  in  cases  of  gout. 

Ligusticum  Silaus.  Peucedanum  silaus. 

LIGUSTRUM  ^GYPTIACUM,  Lawsonia  in- 
ermis. 

Ligus'trum  Yulga're,  Privet,  Privy,  Prim, 
(F.)  Tro'ene.  Ord.  Oleaceae.  A  shrub,  which 
grows  wild  both  in  Europe  and  in  the  United 
States,  usually  in  hedges.  The  leaves  are  astrin- 
gent and  bitter;  and  the  flowers,  which  are  snow- 
white,  and  of  an  agreeable  odour,  have  been  em- 
ployed in  decoction,  in  sore  throat,  and  ulcerous 
stomatitis.     The  berries  are  said  to  be  cathartic. 

LIGYSMA,  Distortion. 

LILAC,  COMMON,  Syringa  vulgaris— 1.  Vul- 
garis, Syringa  vulgaris. 

LILI,  Lilium  Paracelsi. 

LILIA'GO.  Dim.  of  Lil'ium,  the  lily ;  Spi- 
derwort ;  Liliaa'trnm.  This  plant  was  formerly 
said  to  be  alexipharmic  and  carminative. 

LILIASTRUM,  Lilia^o. 

LIL'IUM  CAN'DIDUM,  L.  album,  Crinon. 
The  while  lily.  (F.)  Lis  blanc.  Ord.  Liliaceae. 
The  infusion  of  the  flowers  of  the  lily  in  olive  oil 
is  emollient,  and  often  applied  externally,  under 
the  name  of  Lily  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  lis.  The 
scales  of  the  bulb,  roasted,  are  sometimes  em- 
ployed as  maturatives. 

Lilium  Convallium,  Convallaria  maialis. 

Lilium  Paracel'si,  Tinctn'ra  AJetallo'rwm, 
Lili.  A  medicine  employed  by  Paracelsus.  It 
was  prepared  by  melting  in  a  crucible  four  ounces 
of  each  of  the  following  alloys:  Antimony  and 
iron,  antimony  and  tin,  antimony  and  copper,  pre- 
viously mixed  with  eighteen  ounces  of  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  as  much  salt  of  tartar.  The  melted 
mass,  when  pulverized,  was  treated  with  rectified 
alcohol,  which  really  dissolved  only  the  potassa  set 
at  liberty  by  the  decomposition  experienced  by 
the  nitre  and  salt  of  tartar.  The  Lilium  Paracelsi 
was  used  as  a  cordial.  It  entered  into  the  com- 
position of  the  theriacal  elixir,  &c. 

LILY,  GROUND,  Trillium  latifolium— 1.  May, 
Convallaria  maialis — 1.  Pond,  Nelumbium  luteuin 
— 1.  Pond,  White,  Nymphasa  odorata  —  1.  Pond, 
yellow,  Nuphar  ad  vena  —  1.  Toad,  Nymphaea 
odorata — 1.  of  the  Yalle}',  Convallaria  maialis — 1. 
Water,  little,  Brasenia  hydropeltis  —  1.  Water, 
sweet,  Nymphaea  odorata  —  1.  Water,  sweet- 
scented,  Nymphaea odorata — l.Water,white,  Nym- 
phaea alba — 1.  Water,  yellow,  Nymphaea  lutea — 1. 
White,  Lilium  candidum,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

LIMA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Peru 
does  not  appear  to  be  favourable  to  the  genera- 
tion of  consumption  :  and  Lima  would  seem  to 
be  a  good  residence  for  the  phthisical  valetudina- 
rian. Many  have  been  benefited  by  a  residence 
there  ;  but  when  they  have  gone  farther  south,  as 
to  Chili,  the  effect,  according  to  Dr.  M.  Burrough, 
has  generallv  been  fatal.. 

LIMA  DENTARIA.  Scalprum  dentarium. 

LIMAGIEN'  (F.),  from  limagon,  (Umax,  lima- 
cis,  'the  snail,')  'the  cochlea  of  the  ear.'  A 
branch  of  the  acoustic  or  labyrinthic  nerve  sent 
to  the  cochlea. 

LIMACON,  Cochlea,  Helix  pomatia,  Limax — 
I.  Rampes  du,  see  Cochlea. 

LIMACUM  CORNUA,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 

LIMANCHIA,  Abstinence. 

LIMA'TIO,  from  limo,  limatnm,  'to  file.'  Fi- 
ling :  an  operation  employed  by  the  dentist  moro 


LIMATURA   FERRI 


.",  4  l 


LINGUAL 


specially  to  prevent  Immediate  contact  of  the 
teeth  with  each  other. 

LIMATURA  FERRI,  Ferri  Limntura, 

LIMAX,  Af(//<;.  XufiuKos,  //<//.<•,  Sing  <>r  Snail, 
(F.i  Lim  ifon,  ('■■' 'n.n  ...,,  Eeen  -/ ■■'.  A  syrup  has 
been  prepared  from  these  animals,  irhich  has  been 
given  in  phthisis,  Ac.  The  raw  snails  have  also 
been  taken  in  consumption.  They  have  been 
■ted  as  food. 

LIMB,  Membrum. 

LIMBUS  ALVEOLARIS.  Alveolar  border— 
1.  Fosses  Oralis,  see  Oralis  fossa — 1.  Lateus  re- 
tinas, Bee  Foramen  centrals — 1.  Posterior  corporis 
gtriati.  Tenia  semioircularis. 

LIME.     A  fruit  like  a  Bmall  lenion.  the  juice 
of  which   is  Btrongly  acid,  and  is  muofa  u< 
Baking  punch.     It  is,  also,  used  in  long  i 
ns  an  Antiscorbutic,  Ac.     It  is  a  species  of  lemon, 
the  fruit  <>f  Citrus  acida, 

Limk.  Calx— 1.  Carbonate  of,  Creta— 1.  Chloride 
of,  Calcis  chloridum— 1.  Chlorite  of,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum—1.  Chloruret  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Hy- 
drate of,  sec  Calx — 1.  Hydrosulphate  of,  Calcis 
sulphuretum —  1.  Hypochlorite  of,  Calcis  chlori- 
dum— 1.  Muriate  of,  solution  of,  see  Calois  niurias 
— 1.  Oxymuriate  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Phos- 
phate of,  see  Cornu  ustnm — 1.  Pone  phosphate 
of,  see  Cornu  ustum — 1.  Slaked,  see  Calx — 1.  Sul- 
phuret  of,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

Limk  Trek,  Tilia— 1.  Water,  Liquor  calcis  —  1. 
Water,  compound,  Liquor  calcis  coiupositus. 

LIMICUS,  Hungry. 

LIMITROPHES,  see  Trisplanchnio  nerve. 

LIMNE.  Marsh. 

LIMNE'MIC,  Limna'  mic,  Limnhe'mic,  Lim- 
tup'iin'ctis,  LimnhcB'miciM,  from  Xiuvq,  'a  marsh.' 
and  'atfta.  'blood.'  An  epithet  given  to  affections 
Induced   by  paludal    emanations;  (F.)  Affections 

lilllllfii'mi'/ui  t. 

LIMOCTON'IA,  Abstinence.  Abstinence  to 
death.  Death  from  hunger;  from  ,\i/jof,  'hunger/ 
and  rrovof,  'death.'     Suicide  by  hunger. 

LIMODES,  Hungry. 

LIM1  >\.  Bee  Citrus  medica. 

LIMON  \I>  \.  Lemonade. 

LIMONADE,  Lemonade—?.  Gazeuse,  see  Le- 
monade—  I.  Seche,  Lemonade,  dry;  see  Citric 
acid. 

LIMONIUM,  Statice  limonium— 1.  Malum,  see 
Citru«  medica. 

LIMONUM  BACCA,  see  Citrus  medica. 

LIMO-PHTHI'SIS,  from  \iuoS,  «  hunger/  and 
(pBion,  'wasting.'  Wasting  from  privation  of 
food. 

LIMOS,  >(/<<h,  'hunger.'     Hence: 
LIMO'SIS,  Stomach   disease,   Morbid  appetite. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Coeliaca,  order  Enterica.  of 

irdiaujia  Moroexs.  Cardialgia — 1. 

Cardialgia  pputatoria,  Pyrosis   - 1.  Dyspepsia,  I»\  b- 

1.  Expers,  Anorexia— 1.  Expers  protracta, 

'    -1.   Flatus,   Flatulence  — 1.  Helluonum, 

Gluttony    -1.  Pica,  Malacia. 

LIMOTHER  VPEI'A,    tfestitheropei'a,    Nesto- 
■'".    Nesliatri'a,    Pei  notherapi' a,    Cura'tio 


wutrbi 


per  ine'diai 


from 


Union,    and    &cpa*tia, 

Cure  by  fasting. 


see 


'treatment.'     Hunger-cure 

LI  MIS.  Limos, 

LfX,  Ltnum  asitatissimnm— Z.  Oraines  d 
Linnm  usitatissimum — /.  Purgat\f}  Linum  cathar- 

ticum. 

LrifATRE,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LINAMENTUM,  Linteum. 

LINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  I.  Cyinb.da- 
ria.  Antirhinum  linaria  .   Antirhinum 

elatine — 1.  V  tirhinum  linaria. 

LINCTE  \KICM.  E«  lectos. 

MS  |.  All,..-.  Looch  album— 

L  Amygdalinus,  Looch  album  —  L  ad  Apbthas, 


Mel  boraeis — 1.  de  Boraee,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Com- 
munis. Lunch  album. 

LINDEN    TREE,  Tilia,  Tilia  Americana. 

LINE,   I. in',  a.   Orammi,  {¥.)   Liane.      I 
in  length,  considered  without  regard  to  breadth 
or  thickness.     As  a  measure,  it   means   the  ll'th 
part  of  an  inch. 

MEDIAN  Lim:  of  the  Body  is  an  imaginary 
line  supposed  to  set  out  from  the  top  of  the  bead 
and  to  fall  between  the  feet,  so  as  to  divide  the 
body  vertically  into  two  equal  and  symmetrical 
part--. 

LINK  A.  Line. 

Lima  ALBA,  Linen  aihn  Ahdnw'inis,  (F.) 
Lignt  blanche  on  midian«  de  V abdomen  (Ch.), 
Candid' nla  abdom'inis  lin'ea,  Lin'ea  centra' li*. 
A  tendinous,  strong,  and  highly  resisting  cord  ; 
extending  from  the  snsiform  cartilage  of  the  ster- 
num to  the  symphysis  pubis,  with  the  umbilicus 
near  its  middle.  The  lines  alba  is  firmed  by  the 
decussation  of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  abdominal 
muscles:  and  its  use  is  to  limit  the  movement  of 
the  chest  backwards:  to  prevent  it  from  separa- 
0  far  from  the  pelvis,  and  to  furnish  ;i  fixed 
point  for  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen  in  their 
contraction. 

Linf.a  As'pera,  Ragged  ridge,  (F.)  Lignedpre, 
Jjiijue  sous-troehantirienne,  (Ch.)  A  rough  pro- 
jeotion  at  the  posterior  surface  of  the  femur, 
which  gives  attachment  to  muscles. 

Line  a  Candiduxa  Abdominis,  L.  alba — 1.  Cen- 
tralis, L.  alba — 1.  Innominata,  Ilio-pectinea 
Linea. 

LIXEiE  ARCUATE,  Curved  lines  — 1.  Semi- 
circulares  ex  tern  a3,  Curved  lines. 

LlNE AG  Srvtldna'rbs  are  the  lines,  which 
bound  the  outer  margin  of  the  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen.  They  are  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  abdominal  tendons.  The  lines  which  cross 
these  muscles  are  called  Linea  transversa. 

Link.*;  Tib'i.f,  An'guli  til'ice.  Sharp  lines  on 
the  tibia. 

LlNBJt  Transversa,  see  L.  semilunares,  and 
Processus  teretes. 

LINBATRE,   Linear. 

LIN'EAMENT,  Lin  earn  en' turn,  from  linen,  'a 
line,'  lineare,  '  to  mark  by  lines.'  A  delicate  trait 
1  on  the  countenance,  which  constitutes 
its  special  character,  enables  us  to  preserve  its 
image,  and  is  the  cause  of  resemblance  to  others. 
.1  feature. 

Bonnet  gave  the  name  Lineament  to  the  fir- 1 
of  organization  in  the  embryo  of  man  and 
animals. 

LIN'EAR,  Linen' i ■•/«.  Linea' Htm,  from  linen, 
'aline.'  (Fj.  Linfaire.  Pathologists  apply  the 
epithet  linear  to  fractures  which  are  very  narrow, 
and  in  which  the  fragments  are  scarcely  sepa- 
rated. 

LINE'OLA  ;  a  diminutive  of  linea,  'a  line.'  A 
small  line. 

LlNS'oi ..r.  M  \mma'kim.  The  white  lines  on  the 
breasts. 

LINGTSM,  Kinesipathy. 

LINGUA,  Tongm — 1.  Avis,  see  Fraxinus  e\- 
oelsior — 1.  Boris,  Anohusa  officinalis — 1.  Canine, 
Cynoglossurn  —  I.  Cervina,  Asplenium  scolopen- 
drium —  1.  Exigua,  Epiglottis  —  1.  Prognosis  ex, 
tnantia — 1.  Serpen  taria,  Ophioglossnm  vul- 
gatum. 

Lingua  Dktf.xtor.  Olossocatochu.-i  —  1.  Exon- 
cosis,  Glossonoua — I.  Scalpium,  Cure-Ian gue, 

LIN'GUAL,  Lingua' lis,  from  lingua,  'the 
tongue.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  tongue. 

Lingual  Ab'tert,  Arte'ria  lingua' lis,  arises 
from  the  external  parotid;  and,  after  several  tor- 
tuosities, reaches  the  base  of  the  tongue,  l omea 

horizontal,  and,  under  the  name  Ranine,  advances 


LINGUALIS 


5  -1 2 


LINIMENTUM 


to  the  tip,  where  it  anastomoses  with  its  fellow. 
In  its  course,  it  gives  off  the  Dorsalis  lingua?  and 
tublingual. 

Lingual  Muscle,  Lingwa'lis,  Basio-glossus 
(Cowper),  Glossia'nus,  is  a  small,  long,  fasciculus 
of  fibres,  hidden  beneath  the  sides  of  the  tongue, 
hetween  the  hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus- 
cles, which  are  on  the  outside,  and  the  genioglos- 
sus,  within.  This  muscle  passes  from  the  base  to 
the  tip  of  the  tongue  ;  and,  at  its  sides,  is  con- 
founded with  the  muscles  just  referred  to.  It 
shortens  the  tongue,  depresses  its  point,  and  can 
carry  it  to  the  right  or  left  side. 

Lingual  Nerve  is  a  name  which  has  been 
given  to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.  It 
is,  also,  a  term  applied  to  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  Inferior  maxillary,  or  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair.  Near  its  origin  it  anastomoses 
with,  or  simply  runs  close  to,  the  chorda  tym- 
pani.  It  afterwards  gives  oft' a  considerable  num- 
ber of  filaments,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
tongue,  and  some  of  which  are  said  to  have  been 
even  traced  as  far  as  the  papilla?;  —  a  distribu- 
tion which  has  occasioned  it  to  be  regarded  as 
the  Gus'tatory  nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  gvstatif. 

Lingual  Salivary  Glands,  see  Salivary 
glands. 

Lingual  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular. 

LINGUALIS,  Lingual  muscle. 

LINGUETTA  L  AMINOS  A,  Lingula. 

LINGULA,  Ligula. 

Lin'gula,  Linguet'ta  lamino'sa.  A  thin,  trans- 
versely grooved  lobule  of  gray  substance,  de- 
rived from  the  anterior  border  of  the  cerebellum, 
which,  for  a  short  distance,  lies  over  the  velum 
medullare  anterius. 

Lingula  Fistula,  Epiglottis. 

LINI  USITATISSIMI  SEMINA,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum. 

LIN'IMENT,  Linimen'tum,  Litus,  Enohris'ton, 
Oataehris'ton,  Perieh'risis,  Per ich ris' ton. Ale i ph' a , 
Ale i in' ma,  Enchris'ta,  Fricium,  Fricato'rium.  In- 
unc'tio,  from  linire,  linitum,  'to  anoint  gently,' 
4  to  anoint.'  An  unctuous  medicine,  containing 
usually  oil  or  lard,  which  is  used  externally  in 
the  form  of  friction. 

Liniment  of  Ammonia,  Compound,  see  Lotion, 
Granville's. 

LINIMENT  AMMONIAC Al,  Liniraentum 
ammonia? —  I.  de  Carbonate  d'Ammoniaque,  Li- 
nimentum  ammoniae  carbonatis. 

Liniment,  Anodyne,  Linimentum  opii. 

LINT  M  E  N  T  A  N  TIHEMO 11 R  HO  IDA  I E 
BE  SIEUR  ANDRY,  (F.)  This  is  formed  of 
Narbonne  honey,  Olive  oil,  and  Turpentine. 

LINIMENT  ANTIPARALYTIQUE,  (F.) 
Composed  ofsubcarbonate  of  ammonia,  alcoholized 
oil,  black  soap,  and  oil  of  rosemary. 

Liniment,  Antiscrof'ulous.  op  Hupeland. 
Composed  of  fresh  ox-gall,  White,  soap,  Un- 
gnentum  althce'ce,  Volatile  oil  of  petroleum,  Car- 
bonate of  ammonia,  and  Camphor. 

LINIMENT  CALCAIRE,  Linimentum  aqua? 
calcis —  I.  Camphor,  Linimentum  camphorae  —  I. 
Camphre",  Linimentum  camphorse — 1.  of  Cantha- 
rides,  camphorated,  Linimentum  e  cantharidibus 
camphoratum — I.  Cantharide  camphre,  Linimen- 
tum e  cantharidibus  camphoratum — 1.  Croton  oil, 
Linimentum  crotonis — I.  d Fan  de  chaux,  Lini- 
mentum aquae  calcis — 1.  of  Liraowater,  Linimen- 
tum aqua?  calcis — /.  de  Mereure,  Linimentum  hy- 
drargyri —  1.  Mercurial,  Linimentum  hydrargyri 
—  I.  Ofeo-calcaire,  Linimentum  aqua?  calcis  —  1. 
of  Opium,  Linimentum  opii. 

LINIMENT  RE  SO  LU  TIF  DE  POTT,  com- 


posed of  oil  of  turpentine  and  muriatic  acid.  Used 
in  rheumatism,  swellings,  &c. 

Liniment,  Saint  John  Long's.  A  liniment 
used  by  a  celebrated  empiric  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  quarter  of  the  19th  century. 
It  is  said  to  have  consisted  of  oil  of  turpewtkt* 
and  acetic  acid,  held  in  suspension  by  yolk  of 
egg.     It  was  a  powerful  counter-irritant. 

LINIMENT  DE  SA  VON,  Linimentum  sapo- 
nis  coinpositum — I.  de  Savon  opiace,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii. 

LINIMENT  SAVONNEUX  HYDRO  SUL- 
FURIC DE  JADELOT.  Composed  of  sulphur® 
of  potass,  ,^vj;  wliite  soap,  tbij  ;  oil  of  pappy, 
ft)iv  :   oil  of  tli y me,  ^ij.      Used  in  itch. 

Liniment,  Simple,  Linimentum  simplex  —  1. 
Soap,  Linimentum  saponis  —  1.  Soap  and  opium, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii — 1.  Soap,  compound, 
Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 1.  Turpentine,  Li- 
nimentum terebinthina?  —  1.  of  Verdigris,  Lini- 
mentum rcruginis  —  I.  de  Vert-de-gris,  Linimen- 
tum aeruginis — I.  Volcitil,  Linimentum  ammonia 
fortius. 

LINIMENTUM,  Liniment. 

Linimen'tum  JEru'ginis,  Ox'ymel  ^Eru'givis, 
Unguen'tum  JEgyptiacum,  Mtlli'tum  de  aceta'te 
cupri,  Liniment  of  verdigris,  (F.)  Liniment  de 
Vert-de-gris,  Jliel  d'acetate  de  cuivre.  {JErngin. 
cont.  2;j  ;  acet.  gvij  ;  mellis  despum.  pond.  ,^xiv. 
Liquefied,  strained,  and  inspissated  by  boiling  — 
Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  an  escharotic  and  deter- 
gent;—  diluted,  as  a  gargle  in  venereal  ulcera- 
tions and  in  foul  ulcers. 

Linimentum  Album,  Ceratum  cetacei,  Unguen- 
tum  cetacei — 1.  ad  Ainbustiones,  L.  aquas  calcis. 

Linimentum  Ammo'ni^:,  Sapo  ammoninca'lto, 
Linimen'tum  ammonia' turn  seu  ammo'nicum  seu 
Anglica'num,  Sapo  ammo'nioB  olea'ceus,  Unguen'- 
tum album  resol'veus,  Oleum  ammonia' turn,  Strong 
liniment  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Liniment  volatil  oil 
ammoniacal,  Savon  ammojtiacal.  (Liq.  amnion. 
f£j;  olei  olivcB,  fgij.  Mix.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  A 
stimulating  and  rubefacient  soap. 

Linimentum  Ammo'ni^e  Carbona'tis,  Liniment 
of  subcarb'onate  of  ammo'nia,  Linimentum  am- 
mo'nice  sesquicarbona'tis,  L.  volat'ile,  Hartshorn 
and  oil.  (F.)  Liniment  de  carbonate  d'ammoni- 
aqne.  (Solut.  subcarb.  amnion,  f^j  ;  olei  oliv. 
f^iij.  Shake  till  they  unite. — Ph.L.)  A  stimu- 
lating liniment,  mostly  used  to  relieve  rheumatic 
pains,  bruises,  <fec. 

Linimentum  Ammonle  Compositum,  see  Gran- 
ville's Lotion  —  1.  Ammonia?  Sesquicarbonatis, 
Linimentum  Ammonia?  Carbonatis — 1.  Ammoni- 
atuin  seu  Ammonicum,  L.  Ammonia?  fortis  —  1. 
Anglicanum,  L.  Ammonia?  fortis — 1.  ad  Aphthas, 
Mel  boracis. 

Linimentum  Aqu,e  Calcis. L.  Calcis  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
L.  ad  ambustio'nes,  Oleum  lint'  cum  cal.ee,  Sapo 
calca'rius,  Liniment  of  limewater,  Carron  oil, 
(because  much  used  in  the  Carron  iron  works  in 
Scotland),  (F.)  Liniment  d'eau  de  chaux,  Savon, 
calcaire,  Liniment  calcaire  on  oleo-calcaire. 
(Olei  lini,  aqua  calcis,  aa  f^ij.  Misce.)  A 
cooling  and  emollient  application  to  burns  and 
scalds. 

Linimentum  Arc.ei,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
positum—  1.  de  Borace,  Mel  boracis  —  1.  Calcis, 
L.  aqua?  calcis. 

Linimentum  Cam'phor^;.  Oleum  Camphora'tum, 
Solu'tio  camphoras  oleo'sa,  Camphor  liniment,  (F.) 
Liniment  Camphre,  (Cam phorce,  3'w  ;  olei  olivcB, 
f 3  ij.  Dissolve.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Linimentum  Cam'piior.e  Compos'itum,  Ward's 
essence  for  the  headache,  Compound  camphor  lini- 
ment. (Camphor.  ,^iiss;  ol.  Lavand.  f ^j  :  Sp. 
rectificat.  f^xvij:  Liquor  amnion,  fortior.  f^iij. 
Dissolve  the  camphor  and  oil  in  the  spirit;  add 


LIN1MENTUM 


5  :  3 


LIP 


the   ammonia,  and   shake  till  they  are  mixed.  ' 
Ph.  L  I     It  i-  Btimulant  and  disoutient. 

Linimeni  -i-M  Camthar'idis,  Linimt  nt  of  Spanish 
Cant  hand,  in   pair.  Jjj    01.    Terebinth. 
iu..     Digest  for  three  hours  by  means  of  a  water- 
hath,  and  -train. —  I'll.   I  I  SI   aa   exci- 
tant liniment  in  typhus,  4   . 

Linimentitm  i:  CAaTHAnrn'rios  Gamthora'- 
ttm,  Camph'orated  liniment  of  canthar^ides,  CB '. 

"'nV.     (  Tinct,  eanthar 
ni.  amygd.  dnle.  3iv;  tapon.  amygd.  ]$j  :  ecunp&or. 
Zes.     Diss  dvs  the  camphor  in  the  oil,  and  add 
stare  to  the  tincture  and  soap.  —  Ph.  P.) 
Rubefacient,  and  discutient, 

Linimkvtim    Croto'nis,    Oroton   oil   Lin'iment, 

■  >,,„,  fgj  :  OL  Ti  rebinth,  fgvij,  M.   Ph.  D.) 

.  causing  an  eruption  when  continued. 

Linimbntum  Htdrar'otri,  L.  Hydrar'gyri 
:■-  ,,  Mi  -en' rial  liniment,  (F.)  L.  de  Mer. 
tare.  (Ung.  Hyd.  fort.,  adip,  prop,  aa,  .^iv  : 
eamphora*,  ,^.i  :  »p.  red.  gtt.  xv;  liquor  amnion. 
f.^iv.  Rub  the  camphor  with  the  spirit ;  add  the 
ointment  and  lard:  and,  lastly,  gradually  add 
ution. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  us<  1  as  a  stimulant 
and  disco tient  to  venereal  swellings,  Ac. 

LlNIHBlfTOlf  HvPERICI,  see  Hypericum  perfo- 
ratum. 

Linimbntum  Oi'ir.  Liniment  of  Opinm,  An'n- 
di/ne  Liniment.  (Sapon.  ^  vj  :  Opii.  ifiss  | 
pkor.  .^iij  :  01.  Rosman'n.  ftjvj  :  Spirit  rectificnt. 
Oij.  (Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  the  soap  and  opium 
in  the  spirit  for  three  hours:  filter,  and  add  the 
oil  and  camphor. — Ph.  L.)  Anodyne  and  slightly 
rubefacient. 

LnriMBHTUM  PLUMBATUjr,  Ohguentum  plumbi 
wperacetaUs  —  1.  Saponaceum  opiatum,  L.  Sapo- 
ni>  et  opii. 

LlNIMBNTDM    SaPONA'CEUM    HtDROSULPHORA'- 

fUM.  {Common  Soap,  500  p.  Liquefy  in  a  water 
bath  in  an  earthen  vessel;  and  add  whitt  poppy 
oil,  250  p.  Mix  intimately,  and  add  dry  snlphnret 
of  potass,  100  p.     Beat  together,  and  add  oil  of 

poppy  xr.,1,  T.iO  p. — Ph.  P.)      In  cutaneous  affee- 
•  >r  1,  herpes,  &c. 
LlNIMBNTPM    SAPONATO-CAMPHORATUM,    L.    Sa- 

ponis  cnmphoratum. 

Linimbntum  Sapo'nis,  Tinctn'rn  saponin  eam- 
'ta  (Ph. U.S.),  Camphorated  Tinrturt  of  Soap, 
Soap  Liniment.  (Saponin  concis.  ,31V;  camphor. 
gij  j  OL  Rosmarin.  fj^ss;  alvohol.  Oij.  Digest 
ip  and  alcohol  in  a  water-hath,  until  the 
former  is  dissolved  ;  filter,  and  add  the  camphor 
and  oil.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  sprains,  bruises, 
and  as  an  embrocation. 

LiMMKNiiM   Sapo'nis   Camphor  a'tum,  L.   S. 

compos' i turn,    L.    Sapona'to-camphora'tum,    Bui'. 

opodeVdoc,   Tinetit'  ra  saponin  eaniphora'ta 

(Ph.  D.  >. ,.  Opodel'doch,  Steer's  opodeldoch,  Com- 

pound  Soap  Liniment,  (F.)  L.  dt   Savon.     (Sapon. 

■asur.  Jiv;    Camphor.  3j;ij;    OL  Rosma rini,  fgss; 

f.^iv;  Alcohol.  Oij.     Mix  the  alcohol  and 

digest  the  soap  in  the  mixture  by  means 

of  a  water-bath,  until  it  i-  dissolved:  filter,  and 

al  I  the  camphor  and  oil.— (Ph.  [T.  S.)    Stimulant 

:  in  bruises,  local  pains,  <S  c. 

■  „,,,!'«  Bathing  Spirits  consist  of  lin.  sapon 
rim,,,,  coloured  with  Daffy's  elixir. 

'son's  Bathing  Spirit*  differ  from  Freeman's 
in  the  ad  lition  of  Borne  essential  oils. 

Linimsntitm  Sapo'nis  r.  1  Oph,  L.  sapona'eeum 

opi  1  turn.  Soap  and  opium  lin'iment,  Bates's  ano- 

baham,  Bal'tnmum  anod'ynum,  Tim-turn  sa- 


et  opii,  <  V.  I   L.  de 
•In,;.  r,v  •  ,...;;    =; 


opt 


Icohot. 


Savon  opiaci,      [Snponis 

iphor<B,  .^  ij  :  olei  rorio- 

f,-5ss;   alcohol.   Oij.  —  Ph.  E.)      Anodyne; 

In  cur. mi.-  rheumatism  and  local  pains  in  general. 

Listtmintom  Simplex,  Simple   Liniment.     (Of. 

oliv,  t  p. :  rrr.p  alba,  1  p.  Bat  liniraentum. — Ph. 

E.)     Emollient;  used  in  chaps,  do. 


Linimentum  Simplex,  Ungnentnm 

LlSIMK.MIM    TkIM   r.INI  'UN    I  .    L.     '/'<  «  hi nthi llfl' '- 

turn.    Turpentine    liniment.     [Cerat.    resinat,    Ihj  j 

of.  terebinth.  OsS.  Melt  the  cerate  an  1  Stir  in  tlio 
oil.)      A  stimulant:   applied  to  burns, 

Linimhr  1  cm  Volatile,  L.  ammouisa  carbonathi. 

LI  N  N*.  'l'ili  1  Americana. 

l.INN.F/A.  /,.  Borea'lie.  Ord.  Capri  folia  oese. 
This  plant,  called  after  Linnssus,  has  ■  hitter, 
sub-astringent  taste;  and  is  seed, in 

in  the  form  of  fomentation,  in  rheumatic  pains. 
An  infusion  in  milk  is  used  in  Switzerland  for  the 
cure  of  sciatica. 

LINOSPERMUM,  see  Linura  nsitatissimum. 

LINSEED,  see  Linura  nsitatissimum. 

LINT,  Carbasus,  Lintenm. 

LINTE  \Mi:.\.  Linteum,  Pledget 

LIN'TEUM,  'a  linen  doth,'  from  linnm,  'flax. 
linen/  L.  earptum  sen  rasnm,  Lintea'men,  Otli'- 
one,  Othon'ion,  Oar'baeno,  Car'baea,  I'm' pin, 
ifotoe,  Mo/e,  Motnm,  Linamen'tum,  Ti/ma, 
Xystos,  Xynma,  Achne,  Lint,  (P.)  Charpie.  \ 
soft,  flooculent  substance,  made  by  scraping  old 
linen  cloth,  (F.)  Charpie  r&pfe,  or  by  unravel- 
ling old  linen  cut  into  small    pieces  —  (F.I    t'lior- 

pie  brute  :  and  employed  in  surgery  as  a  dressing 
to  wounds,  ulcers,  Ac.,  cither  simply  or  covered 
with  ointment. 

Linteum  Carpti-m,  see  Lintenm — 1.  Rasnm, 
see  Lintenm — -1.  Scissum,  Splitcloth  (bandage.) 

LINUM,  see  Linum  nsitatissimum — 1.  Arvense, 
L.  nsitatissimum. 

Linum  (Vvtiiaii'tici-m,  L.  min'imum,  ChamoslV- 
num,  Purging  flax,  Mill  mountain,  (F.)    Liu  pur- 
gntif.      Ord.   Linacese.     This    plant  is  poss 
of  cathartic  properties,  and   has   a  bitterish,  dis- 
agreeable  taste.     Dose,  ^j,  in  substance. 

Linum  Cruoum,  see  Apolinosis  —  1.  Minimum, 
L.  Catharticum. 

LlN DM  UsiTATTS'SIMCM,  L.  arven'fte,  Common 
flax,  (F.)  Lin.  The  seed,  Linum,  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Sent' inn  liui  usitutis'simi,  Linosper'mum,  Lin- 
s-  •  ;.  Flaxseed,  (F.)  Grains  de  tin,  are  inodorous, 
and  almost  tasteless:  yielding  mucilage  to  warm 
water,  and  oil  by  expression.  They  are  demul- 
cent and  emollient.  Linseed,  when  ground  into 
powder,  forms  a  good  emollient  poultice.  It  id 
only  necessary  to  stir  the  powder  into  boiling 
water.  The  oil,  Oleum  lini,  Flaxseed  oil,  (F.) 
Iluilr  <fr  Lin,  \<  emollient  and  demulcent. 

LIONDENT,  Lenntodon  taraxacum. 

LION'S  FOOT,  Nabalns  albns,  Prenanthes  — 
1.  Tail.  Leonurus. 

LIOPODIA,  see  Lciopus. 

LTOPUS,  Lciopus. 

LIP,  Sax.  and  Germ.  Lippe,  Cheilos,  La'bium, 
Labrum,  (F.)  Livre.  [In  Entomology,  labium 
means  the  lower  lip.  —  labrum,  the  upper.]  The 
lips  are  composed  of  different  muscular  fasciculi, 
nerves,  and  vessels,  covered  by  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  mouth.  They  circumscribe 
the  anterior  aperture  of  that  cavity;  and  are  in- 
servi'-nt  to  mastication,  pronunciation,  ,vc.  They 
:ire  distinguished  into  upper  and  lower  —  Ano- 
rhel'fvn  ;  and  Cntochei'lon,  (Prov.)  FippU — and 
are  placed  in  front  of  each  jaw,  forming  between 
them  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth  They 
unite  at  each  side,  and  form  what  are  called  tho 
angles  or  commissures  of  the  mouth  —  Chal'ini. 
Their  free  edge  is  covered  with  a  mucous  mem- 
brane, of  a  more  or  less  livid  red,  according  to 
the  individual.  They  receive  th<-ir  arteries  from 
the  external  carotid.      Their  veins   open    into   the 

two  jugulars.  Their  lymphatic  v< — .'-  descend 
into   the   ganglions    situate    beneath    the    chin. 

Their  nerves  are  derived  from  the  infra-orhitar, 
mental,  and  facial. 

Lips,  Labia,  (F.)  Litres  >/<•  la  mire,  nre  folds 
U  belonging   to  the  genital  organs  of  the  female, 


LIPA 


544 


LIQUOR 


and  distinguished  into  —  1.  Labia  puden'di  seu 
CStnni  seu  majo'ra,  Episi'a,  Ahr  puden'di  mulie  - 
bris,  Hytrochei'lide*,  llupea,  AIgb  mojo'res,  Crem'- 
noi,  (F.)  Grande*  Levies.  These  are  two  mem- 
branous folds,  thicker  above  than  below,  which 
limit  the  vulva  laterally,  and  extend  from  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  mons  veneris  to  the  perinauuu. 
They  unite  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  forming 
commissures:  the  posterior  of  which  is  called 
Fourchette.  Their  outer  surface  is  convex ;  formed 
of  skin  and  covered  with  hair.  The  inner  sur- 
face is  white,  and  covered  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
continuous  with  that  lining  the  other  parts  of  the 
vulva.  The  space  between  the  skin  and  mucous 
membrane  is  filled  with  a  fatty  tissue  and  fibrous 
bands,  some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  vaginae  mus- 
cle, vessels,  and  nerves. 

"We  speak,  also,  of  the  lips  of  a  wound,  ulcer, 
Ac,  when  alluding  to  the  edges  of  these  solutions 
of  continuity. 

LIPA,  At™,  fat;  also,  Lippitudo. 
LI'PARA.    from    Atrrapoj,    'fatty.'      Piasters, 
containing  much  oil  or  fat. 
LIPARIA,  see  Polysarca. 
LIPAROCE'LE,Z»>oce7£,from  \iwapos,  'fatty,' 
and  Kri\r),  'tumour.'     Lipo'ma,  or    fatty  tumour 
of  the  scrotum,  Her'nia  pinguedino'sa  scroti. 
LIPARODES.  Fatty. 
LLPAROIDE,  Cerate. 
LIPAROLE,  Pomatum,  Pommade. 
LIPAROTES,  see  Polysarcia. 
LIPAROTRICH'IA,  from  Atrrapo?,  'fatty,'  and 
$pi£,  rpi^og,  'hair.'    Too  great  oiliness  of  the  hair. 
LIPA  R US,  Fatty. 
LIPASMA,  see  Polysarcia. 
LIPEMAXIA.  Melancholy,  see  Lypemania. 
LIPIUEMIA.  Leiphamia, 
LIPH.EMOS.  Leiphaemos. 
LIPO  or  LEIPO,  Au™,  '  I  leave,'  'I  forsake.' 
Hence,  Leipopsychia,  Leipothymia. 
LIPOCELE.  Liparocele. 
LIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 
LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos. 
LIPO'MA,  Lypn'ma,  from  AiTa.  'fat.'     A  fatty 
tumour  of  an  enevsted  or  other  character. 
LI  POM  AT  ODES,  Lipomatous. 
LIPOM'ATOUS,    Lipomato'sns,   Lipomatoses, 
(F.)  Lipomateux.     Having  the  nature  of  lipoma 
— as  a  '  lipomatous  mass.' 

LIPOME'RIA,  Leipome'ria,  from  Anrw,  'I 
leave,'  and  utpos,  a  '  part.'  Monstrosity  from  ar- 
rest of  development,  or  from  defect.  Deficiency 
of  one  or  more  of  the  parts  of  the  body;  for  ex- 
ample, in  one  who  has  only  four  fingers. 
LIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 
LIPns.  Fat. 

LIPOSIS.  see  Polvsareia. 
LIPOSPHYXIA,  "Syncope. 
LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 
LIPPA.  Chassie. 
LIPPER,  Lepra,  Leprous. 
LIPPIA.  Adali. 

LIPPITU'DO,  Ophthal'mia  clron'ica  of  some, 
Lippitude,  Blear-eye,  Blear-eycdness,  Blear'ed- 
ness.  Lappa.  Lipa,  Xerophthalmia,  Lema,  Lone, 
Lemos'itas,  Gleme,  Glama,  Gra'mia.  A  copious 
secretion  of  the  sebaceous  humour  of  the  eyelids, 
which  renders  them  gummy.  It  is  owing  to  a 
state  of  chronic  inflammation  of  the  tarsal  mar- 
gins;  the  ej^elids  being  generally  red,  tumefied, 
and  painful. 

Lippttpdo  Xeonatorpm,  see  Ophthalmia. 
LIPPUS.  one  affected  with  blear  eye;  blear- 
eyed  ;    (F.)  Chassieux. 

LTPSIS  ANIMI,  Svncone. 
LIPSOTRICH1A.  Alopecia,  Calvities. 
LIQUAMEX,  Garum. 


LIQUAMU'MIA,  Adeps  huma'nua.  Human 
fat. —  Roland  and  Johnson. 

LIQUARIUM,  Svrupus  simplex. 

LIQUATIO,  Liquefaction. 

LIQUKFA'CTKXT,  Liquefa'ciens,  from  liquid, 
us,  'liquid/  and  facere,  'to  make.'  A  medicinal 
agent,  which  seems  to  have  the  power  of  liqu<  ly- 
ing solid  depositions.  To  this  class  mercury, 
iodine,  &c,  have  been  referred  by  some. 

LIQUEFAC'TIOX,  Liqua'tio,  Liquefac'tio ; 
same  etymon.  Transformation  of  a  solid  sub- 
stance into  a  liquid.  It  is  used  particularly  in 
speaking  of  metals  and  fatty  bodies,  see  Fusion. 

LIQUEUR  BE  L'AMXIOS,  Liquor  amnii— 
I.  d' Al limine  Composee,  Liquor  aluminis  compos. 
— I.  Anodine  d'Haffman,  Spiritus  aetheris  sulphu- 
rici  compositus — /.  Anodine  nitreuse,  Spiritus 
aetheris  nitrici  —  /.  Arsenicale,  Liquor  arsenicalia 
— /.  Fnmante  de  Boyle,  Ammonia?  sulphuretum, 
Liquor  fumans  Boylii — /.  Volatile  de  Come  dc  cerf, 
Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi — /.  de  Cuivre  amnut- 
niocaf,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati  —  /.  de  Fer  alcd- 
line,  Liquor  ferri  alkalini  —  I.  de.  Sous-acetate  de 
plomb,  Liquor  plumbi  subaeetatis — /.  de  Potasse, 
Liquor  potassa^ — I.  du  Sang,  Liquor  sanguinis — 
l.  de  Sous-carbonate  de  potasse,  Liquor  potassa? 
subcarbonatis. 

LIQUID.  ADHESIVE.  MAYNARD'S,  Collo- 
dion— 1.  Disinfecting,  Burnett's,  see  Burnett's  dis- 
infecting liquid  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Labarraque's, 
Liquor  soda?  chlorinatae —  1.  Disinfecting,  Le- 
doven's,  see  Ledoven's  disinfecting  liquid. 

LIQUTDAMBAR  ASPLEXIFOLIA,  Compto- 
nia  asplenifolia — 1.  Officinalis,  see  Sty  rax — 1.  Pe- 
regrina,  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

LiQUIDAM'bAR      StYRACMF'lPA,     Liqvidam'bra, 

Sweet  gum,  White  gum.  Ord.  Balsaminea.  The 
name  of  the  tree  which  affords  the  Liquid  amhi-r 
and  Storax  liquida,  Styrax  liquida  or  Liquid 
storax.  Liquid  amber  is  a  resinous  juice  of  a 
yellow  colour,  inclining  to  red  ;  at  first  of  about 
the  consistence  of  turpentine;  by  age,  harden- 
ing into  a  solid,  brittle  mass.  It  is  not  used 
medicinally. 

Styrax  Liquida  is  obtained  from  this  plant  by 
boiling.  There  are  two  sorts,  —  one  more  pure 
than  the  other.  It  is  used  occasionally,  as  a 
stomachic,  in  the  form  of  plaster. 

L1QU1DE  AMXIOTIQUE,  Liquor  Amnii—?. 
Cephalo-rachidienne.  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

LIQUIDCM  NERVEUM,  Xervous  fluid. 

LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIQUOR,  (liqueo.  'I  am  liquid,')  Liqna'men, 
Hijgron,  IJy'grotes,  (F.)  Liqueur.  A  name  given 
|  to  man}7  compound  liquids,  and  especially  to 
those  the  bases  of  which  are  water  and  alcohol. 

Liquor  Acipps  Halleri,  Elixir  acidum  Hal- 
leri — 1.  JEthereus,  Ether  —  1.  ^Ethereus  sulphu- 
ricus,  Spiritus  aetheris  sulphurici. 


Liqpor  Alu'mixis  Compos'itp 


i qua  aiu 


nis  compos'ita  seu  alumino'sa  Buten'ua.  Bates's 
alum  water.  Compound  sol  n't  ion  of  Alum,  (F.) 
Liqueur  d'alumine  composee.  (Alnmini*,  zinci 
sulphat.  sing.  3>s.  aqua  fervent.  Oij.  Dissolve 
and  filter  through  paper.)  Detergent  and  stimu- 
lant. Used  as  a  collyrinm,  when  properly  di- 
luted, in  ophthalmia;  as  an  injection  in  gleet, 
leucorrhcea,  &c. 

Liqpor  ex  Ammoxia  et  Oleo  Succini,  Spiritus 
ammonia?  succinatus 

Liqpor  Ammo'npe,  L.  ammonice  pur,?.  Al'cali, 
ammoni'acum  fln'idnm,  Ammo'nia  liq'uida  sell 
caus'tica  liquida  seu  pura  liquida.  Liziv'itU® 
ammoniaca'le,  Spiritus  Balis  ammoniaci  aqno'au\ 
Aqua  ammonia  seu  ammonia  caus'tica,  Liquid 
ammonia,  Solution  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Amnion iaqve 
liquide.  Directed  to  be  made  in  the  Pharm.  U. 
S.  from  muriate  of  Ammonia,  in  fine  powder;  and 
Lime,  each  a  pound;  distilled  water  a  pint:  uaijr, 


LIQUOR 


LIQUOR 


nine  fluid  ounce?.  The  water  u  empl 
the  lime  :  this  u  mixed  with  tlie  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  pat  into  ■  glass  retort  in  a  Band-bath. 
Heat  la  applied  so  u  to  drive  off  the  ammonia, 
which  i?  mad.-  to  pass  into  ■  quart  bottle  contain- 
ing the  distilled  water.  To  every  ounce  of  the 
product  three  and  a  half  fluidrachms  of  distilled 

r  M  much  as  may  he  D< 
to  raise  it-  -.  g.  i"  "•'.''''.      This   Liqaor  Ammonia' 
?o  lie  made  by  mixing  one  part  of  liquor 
ammonia  fortior  with  two  parts  of  distilled  water. 
(Ph.  I  Its  s.  g.  ia  0-960.      Liqi  ok 

Ammunii  PORTIOR,  Stronger   toiution    of  ratio- 
solution  of  ammonia 
of  the  -  Liqaor  ammonia1  is  stimulatit, 

antacid,  and  rubefacient  Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx,  in 
water  or  milk. 

Liquqb  .\MMoM.f:  Acf.ta'tis,  AVcali  ammonV- 
acum  aeeta'tum,  A.  volatile  aeeta'tHm,  Aqua 
tteeta'tis  ammo'niai  seu  atmmo'niss  aeeta'tc 
Hon  <>f  acetate  of  ammonia,  Ace/tat  ammonia. 
Sjn'ril  of  Minder e'rus,  Sal  ammoni'ai  urn  vegetab'- 
iti,  Spir'itus  ophthalmicus  Mindert'ri,  Sal  aeeto'- 
■  I.  in  ( tie.  dibit.  Oiji  Ant- 
uwn.  carbonat  in  pulv.  Add  the  salt  to  the  acid 
until  it  is  saturated.  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  A  sudorific; 
•''y,  cooling.     Dose,  f.^ij  to  f^ias. 

LlQUOB  Ammon  kBBOHATIS,  Liquor 

Ammonia  Bnbcarbonatia. 

LlQUOB  A"  a'tis.  Solution  of  Citrate 

of  Ammonia.  This  preparation  is  officinal  in  the 
DuMin  Pharmacopoeia,  It  is  made  by  saturating 
a  solution  of  citric  acid  with  teequiearbonate  of 
ammonia.    It  is  given  in  cases  of  adynamic  fever. 

Liqdob  Ammohiab  Subcabboxa'tis.  Liquor 
Ammonia  Stequicar bona' tie,  Solu'tio  tubearbona- 
ti*  ammonia,  Aqua  earbonatit  ammonia?.  Solution 
of  wubcarbonate  of  ammonia,  Water  of  ear1  bona te 
of  ammonia.  (Ammonia?  carbon,  giv,  aijua?  (les- 
tillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filter  through  paper.) 
the j  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  carbonate  of  am- 
monia''. 

Liyt  or  Ammonit  IIvDROTnTonis,  Ammonia? 
sulphuretum — 1.  Ammonii  vinosus,  Spiritus  am- 
monia?. 

Liqdob  Am'nii.  Aqua  amnii.  The  liquor  of  the 
amnios.  (F.)  Emi  on  Liqueur  de  V amnion,  Liquide 
omniotique.  The  fluid  exhaled  by  the  amnios, 
and  which  envelope  the  foetus  during  the  whole 
period  of  utcro-gestation.  It  is  often  simply 
called  the  water*,  (F.)  Les  Eonx.  Its  relative 
quantity  diminishes  as  pregnancy  advances,  al- 
though its  absolute  quantity  continnea  tu  increase 
till  the  period  of  delivery.  In  some  women,  only 
five  or  mx  ounces  are  met  with  :  in  others,  it 
amounts  to  pints.  It  is  limpid,  yellowish,  or 
whitis  I  faint  smell,  and  has  a  slightly 

saline  taste.  It  contains  water  in  considerable 
quantity:  albumen;  chloride  of  Bodium;  phos- 
|  of  lime;  an  alkaline  substance;  and  a  par- 

ticular acid.  It  facilitates  the  dilatation  of  the 
uterus  and    aide   delivery  by  act'  _ 

enclosed  in  i'.~  membranes,  Bag  of  waters, 
Poche  ilr*  Eanx,  4c.    It  is  probably  inserviont  to 
D  the  nutrition  of  the  lotus. 

Liquob    Amnii.  Falsi.     The    fluid  contained 
D    the    amnion    and   chorion   in   the  early 

■   .  lb. i  i  v  lira's,  Spiritua  a  the- 
:  burici  compositue — 1.  Anodynqs  martialis, 
Ale., hoi  Bulphurico-atberens  ferri. 

•  m'TKl  -  Ti  :■!  BIS  I  ;mn  \'h  -.     A  for- 
mula prescribed  by  Rademacber  in  cases  of  gall, 
ind  of  obstructions  and  indurations  of  the 

1 1  was  composed  of  // 

•  liquor  t^j  :  rectified  oil  of  turpentim  ^ij. 

ii  ;  is.     I  •  ■  be  /.'■  mid*  </<. 

Durande,   Ifixturs  lithontriptique  de   Durand,  il. 

dc  Whin.  Kthiroli  d'essciiec  ilt  tiribenthine.  which 


is   formed   of  Sulphuric  ether,  .°.0  parts  :    / 
of  turpentine,  15  parts.     It  i.-  used  in  ti 

LlQUOB    Absenica'lis,    /..  Pot  a*1  em   arseni'tis 
(Ph.  I".  8.),  Solu'tio ar$enicali$  sen  a  • 
arseni'tis    kal'icm,  Arseu'ieml    toiution,  Hin'trol 
si, In  nt,  polos' set   liq'uidue  sen   | 

aquo'tus,  -    toiution    of  arsenic,    Solvent 

minera'li,  Ital'ian  poison,  Aequo,  sen  A'/na  Tnffn'- 
nio.  Aequo  delta  Toff  ana,  A.  di  Napoli,  Acqnet'- 
ta  [.'],   /  ;  .  i   Liqueur  a, *;>n- 

cale.      (.I'm/  •,    frustulis.  patastt 

bonatis  pur.,  Bing.  gr.  Ixiv.,  aqua  destillat.  q.  .-. 
Boil  together  the  anemone  acid  and  carbonate 
of  potasea  with  twelve  Buidouncea  of  distilled 
water,  in  a  glass  vessel,  until  the  arsenic  is  dis- 
solved. When  the  solution  is  cold,  add  Spirit. 
larauil.  c.  fXiv,  and  as  much  distilled  water  i»s 
will  make  the  whole  one  pint.  J'h.  U.  S.)  fgj 
contains  <;r.  BS  of  the  arsenious  acid.    Dose,  gtt.  x. 

For  Pearson's  Solution,  see  Arseniate  of  Soda. 

LlQUOB  Aiiskmci  Cui.o'inin, Solution  ofChforide 
of  Arm  nir,  oi'  the  London  Pharmacopoeia  of  1851, 
is  made  by  boiling  Arsenious  mill  ^^f.  in  hydro- 
chloric ariil  fZiss  (Imp.  meas.),  mixed  with  a. 
fluidounce  of  distilled  water,  until  it  is  dissolved  : 
then  adding  water  to  make  the  quantity  a  pint 
\  (Imp.  meas.)  Each  fluidounce  contains  a  grain 
and  a  half  of  arsenious  acid,  or  an  equivalent 
quantity  of  terchloride.  Properties  the  Bame  •■< 
i  those  of  Liquor  Arsenicalis.  It  is  a  substitute  for, 
and  imitation  of  l>c  Valangin's  Arsenical  Solu- 
tion, Solu'tio  solven'tis  minera'lis,  much  used  hy 
many  British  practitioners.      Dose,  ^rtt.  v-x. 

LlQUOB  Aiiskmci  kt  Htdbabotbi  lODIDI,  sco 
Arsenic  and  Mercury,  iodide  of — 1.  Barii  chloridi, 
Baryta,  muriate  of,  solution  of — 1.  Bellosti,  L. 
Hydrargyri  nitriei  —  1.  Caloii  chloridi,  see  Calcis 
murias. 

Liqi'or   Calcis,  Solu'tio   calcis,   Aqua   calcis 
seu  benedie'ta  sen  Calca'ria  usta,  Calca'ria  pura 
liq'nida,     Solution     of     Lime,    Lime      Wai 
Kan  lie  chauj.  (  Calcis, |S|  i  v..  aq.  destill.  CODg.     l'olU' 
the  water  on  the  lime,  and  stir.      Let   it   stand   in 
a  covered  vessel  three  hours:  hottle  the  lime  and 
water  in  stopped  bottles,  and  use    the    clear   solu- 
\  tion.)      It   is  astringent,  tonic,  and   antacid:   and 
is  used  in  diarrhoea,  diabetes,  heartburn,  ■ 
as    a    lotion    to    foul    and    cancerous    ulcei 
Dose,  f^'j  "»  Oss,  in  milk. 

Liqi  HLOBLNA't M,  Solution  of  Chlo'- 

rinated  Lime  (Pb.  !>.),  is   made   by   triturating 
half  a  pound  of  chlorinated  lime  with  half  a  gal- 
lon of  water:  shaking  the  mixture;  filteri 
keeping  in  a  well-stopped  bottle.     Used  in   the 
same  cases  as  chlorinated  lime. 

1, i:  C  \i  'is  Compos'iti  s.  Aqua  Voids  com- 

pos'ita  sen  benedie'ta  compos' it  a,  Compound  lime 
water,      (F.)     Eau    de    chaux    i-om 


compom 


(  Li  i j  a. 
guaiac.  ras.  Ibss,  rad.  glyeyrrh.  t^j.  eort.  sassafrat, 
min.  coiiainl.  Jjij,  liquor  calcis,  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate lor  two  days,  and  filter.)  It 
diaphoretic,  and  astringent,  and  ia  ased  in  cuta- 
neous Affections. 

Liquob  Calcis  Mubiattr,  b<  .rias — 

1.  Cereris,  Cerevisia  —  1.  Chloreti  natri,   1 
chlorinate — 1.  Cblorini,  see  chlorine— 1.  Chloru- 
reti  natri,  L  Soda  chlorinatie — 1.  Cbloruret  i 
L.  soda  chlorinata. 

Liquob  Cbtli,  see  Chyle. 

Liquor  »'i  pbi  Amhonia'ti,  Liquor  Cupri  am- 
monio-sulpha' tis.  Aqua  sen  solu'tio  cupri 
nia'/i  Ben   sapphari'na,    Blue   eyewater,   Sotution 
of  ammonia  ted  copper/  (V.)  Liqueur  on  ,' 
euiiic  ammoniacal.     {<'n/>,i  ennmoniat,  ".'<.  nqtta 
destill.  Oj,   Dissolve  and  filter  the  soli 
paper.    /'/'•  I 

externally   to   foul    ul-i-:    and  th    an 

equal  part  of  distilled  water,  it   •  uieans 


LIQUOR 


546 


LIQUOR 


>i  a  hair  pencil  to  specks  and  films  on  the 
eye. 

Liquor  Cupri  Ammoxio-Sulphatis,  Liquor 
Cupri  nmmoniati. 

Liquor  Ct'PRi  Sulpha'tis  Compos'itus,  Aqua 
cnpri  vitriola'ti  mmposita.  (Cupri  snlphat.,  alu- 
mni, enlphat.  aa  %\ij,  aqua>  puree  Oij.,  acid  sidph. 
Zij.  Boil  the  salts  in  the  water  until  they  are 
dissolved  ;  then  filter  the  liquor,  and  add  the  acid.) 
Used  as  an  astringent  in  epistaxis,  &c.  It  was 
also  called  Aqua  Styp'ticn. 

Liquor  Cyrexiacus,  Benjamin — 1.  Entericus, 
Succus  entericus — 1.  Excitans,  Spiritus  ammonite 
Buecinatus. 

Liquor  Fkrri  Alkam'xt,  Solution  of  Alkaline 
Trail,  (F.)  Liqueur  de  fer  alcalinc  (Ferri  ^i's?> 
arid,  nitric  jfij,  aquas  destillat.  f^fyj.  liq.  potass, 
suhcarb.  fjfvj.  To  the  aci'l  and  water  mixed, 
add  the  iron  :  and,  after  the  effervescence,  add 
the  clear  solution,  gradually,  to  the  liq.  pofaams 
subcarb.;  shaking  it  occasionally  till  it  assumes 
a  deep  brown-red  colour,  and  the  effervescence 
stops.  After  six  hours'  settling,  pour  off  the  clear 
solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  tonic  like  other  prepa- 
rations of  iron.     Dose,  f  £ss  to  f  giss. 

Liquor  Ferri  Io'diot.  Solution  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Syr'upus  Ferri  io'didi.  Syrup  of  Iodide  of 
Iron.  (Todin.  ^ij.  Ferri  rament.  %j,  Sacch'ir. 
pnlv.  t^xij,  Aqua  destillat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  iodine 
with  f  ^x  of  the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or 
glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings, 
constantly  stirring.  Heat  the  mixture  gently 
until  the  liquor  acquires  a  light  greenish  colour; 
then,  having  added  the  sugar,  continue  the  heat 
a  short  time,  and  filter.  Lastly,  pour  distilled 
■water  upon  the  filter,  and  allow  it  to  pass  until 
the  whole  of  the  filtered  liquor  measures  twenty 
fluidounces.  Keep  the  solution  in  closely  stopped 
bottles.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  20  or  30  drops. 

Liquor  Ferri  Muriatis,  Tinctura  ferri  mu- 
riatis. 

Liquor  Ferri  Xitra'tis,  L.  Ferri  Sesquini- 
tra'tis  seu  ternitra'tis,  Solu'tio  Ferri  nitra'tis. 
Solution  of  nitrate,  of  ternitrate  of  sesqnioxide, 
or  of  sesqui nitrate  of  iron,  has  been  recommended 
in  chronic  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its  virtues 
exactly  resemble  those  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
prepared  as  follows  : — Ferri  fili,  incis.  J;j,  Acid. 
nitric,  f^iij.  Aq.  destillat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  acid  and 
n  pint  of  distilled  water,  until  gas  ceases  to  be 
g'ven  off;  filter,  and  add  distilled  water  to  make 
f^xxx.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  10  to  20  drops. 

Liquor  Fouxicult.  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

Liquor  Fumaxs  Boyt/ti.  Sulphnre'tum  Ammo'- 
ni(B  Hydrogena'tnm,  Hydrosulphure'tum  Ammo- 
nias, Tinctu'ra  Snl'pliuris  Volat'ilis,  Aqxa  Snl- 
phnre'ti  Ammonice.  Boyle's  Fuming  liquor,  (F.) 
Liqueur  fumante  de  Boyle.  It  is  possessed  of 
nauseating  and  emetic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  diabetes  and  diseases  of  excitement  as  a 
deoxygenizer  ! 

Liquor.  Fuming,  Boyue's.  Liquor  finnans  Boy- 
lii — 1.  Fuming,  of  Libavius.  Tin,  muriate  of — 1. 
Genital,  Sperm — 1.  of  Hartshorn,  volatile.  Liquor 
volatilis  cornu  cervi  —  1.  Hydrargyri  Bichloridi, 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  1.  Hydrargyri 
chloridi  corrosivi,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  — 
1.  Hydrargyri  et  arsenici  iodidi,  see  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Hydrar'gyri  Nitrici,  L.  Bellosti,  (F.) 
Fan  mercurielle  ou  eontre  la  gangrene,  Remede. 
du  Due  d'Aiitin.  R.  du  Capucin,  (Hydrarg.  120 
p.,  acid  nitr.  (33°,)  150  p.  Dissolve,  and  add  to 
the  solution  distilled  water,  900 p.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
two  or  three  drops  in  a  glass  of  water.  Not  much 
used. 

Liquor  Hyprar'gyri  Oxymuria'tis,  L.  Hy- 

drar'gyri  Chla'ridi  corrosi'ri  seu  Hydrar'gyri 
bichlu'ridi,  Solu'tion  of  Oxymu'riate  of  Mercury, 


Liquor  Sicietenis  sen  Syphiliticus  Turneri,  Mn'- 
rias  hydrargyri  spiritno'sus  liq'uidus,  Sofutio 
Muria'tis  hy/rar'gyri  oxygenati,  Liquor  or  Solu- 
tion of  Corro'sive  Sub'limate  or  of  Van  Sudeten. 
(Hyd.  o.rym.,  amnion,  mnriat.  aa  gr.  X,  aquas  de- 
still.  Oj,  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve  in  the  water  and 
add  the  spirit,     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  f^ss.  or  TVQ. 

Norton's  Drops,  Green's  Drops,  and  Solomon's 
Anti-Impetig"eiies — all  nostrums — seem  to  be  dis- 
guised solutions  of  Corrosive  Sublimate. 

Liqcor  Hydrargyhi  Pkrnitratis.  see  Hy- 
drargyri nitras — 1.  Hydrargyri  Supernitratis,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  1.  Hydriodatia  Arsenici  et 
Hydrargyri,  Arsenic  and  mercury,  iodide  of — 1. 
Intestinalis.  Succus  entericus. 

Liquor  Io'oixi  Compos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.) 
L.  lodin'ii  compos'itus,  (Ph.  IT.  S.  1851,)  Solu'tio 
Potas'sii  Io'didi  Iodnre'ta,  Compound  Solution 
of  Iodine,  LugoVs  Solution.  (fodin.  5jvji  Potato. 
iodid.  ,^iss.  Aquae,  destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  the 
iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  in  the  water. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  vj.  ad  xij.  in  sugared  water. 

LlQUOIt    LlTHARGYRI    SUBACETATIS,    L.    pllimbl 

subacetatis — 1.  Lithargyri  subacetatis  compositus, 
j  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

Liquor  Lymph.*:,  see  Lymph. 

Liquor  of  Monro,  Solution  of  Monro.  A  so- 
lution, used  by  Monro  for  the  preservation  of 
anatomical  preparations.  It  was  composed  of 
alcohol  at  22°  or  24°,  with  a  drachm  of  nitric 
acid  to  each  pint. 

Liquor  Morgagn'ti.  The  small  quantity  of 
fluid  contained  within  the  capsule  of  the  crystal- 
line lens. 

Ltquor  Morph'i^:  Aceta'tis,  Solution  of  Ace- 
tate of  Morphia,  An'odyne  Drops.  (Acetate  of 
morphia,  ^iv,  distilled  water,  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.), 
Spirit,  tennior.  Oss,  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  L.),  acetic 
acid,  Vt\^xv.    Dose,  from  six  to  twenty-four  drops. 

Liquor  Mor'phue  Muria'tis,  Solution  of  Mu'- 
riate  of  Morph'ia.  (Morphias  muriat.  ^iv,  aq. 
destillat.  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)  Sp.  tennior,  Oss.  (Imp. 
meas.)     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  from  6  to  20  mimims. 

Liquor  Mor'phi^e  Sulpha'tis,  Solution  of  Sul- 
phate of  Morphia.  (Morphia  sulphat.  gr.  viij, 
aquas  destillat.  Oss.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of 
morphia  in  the  water. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f£j  to 
f^ij — containing  from  an  eighth  to  a  quarter  of  a 
grain. 

Liquor  Muci,  see  Mucus — 1.  Natri  Oxymurin- 
tici,  L.  Sodae  chlorinatae —  1.  Nervinus  Bangii, 
Tinctura  aetherea  camphorata — 1.  Oleosus  Sylvii, 
Spiritus  ammoniae  aromaticus — 1.  Opii  sedativus, 
(Haden's,)  see  Tinctura  opii. 

Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus.  An  empirical  pre- 
paration by  a  London  druggist  of  the  name  of 
Battley.  It  is  said  to  be  an  aqueous  solution 
of  opium,  evaporated  to  dryness  to  get  rid  of 
the  acid  resin,  re-dissolved  in  water,  and  a  small 
portion  of  alcohol  added  to  give  it  permanence. 
— Redwood.  It  is  devoid  of  many  of  the  narcotic 
effects  of  opium. 

Liquor  Ovi  Albus.  Albumen  ovi — 1.  Pancrea- 
ticus.  see  Pancreas  —  1.  Pericardii,  see  Pericar- 
dium—  1.  Plumbi  acetatis,  L.  P.  subacetatis  —  1. 
Plumbi  diacetatis,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis. 

Liquor  Plumbt  Subaceta'tis.  L.  Subacetatis 

Lithar'gyri     seu    Plumbi    Aceta'tis     seu     Plumbi 
Diaccta'tis,    Goulard's    Extrac'tum    Satur'ni,  Li- 
thar'gyri Ace'tum,  Ace'tum  plnm'bicum  seu  satitr- 
ni'num,     Solution    of    Snbootate    of    Lead,    (F.) 
Liqueur  de  sous-acetate  de  Plomb.      (Plumb,  acet. 
jfxvj,    Plumb,    arid,     semivitr.    in     pulv.    subtil. 
j  5ixss,  aq.  destillat.  Oiv.      Boil  together  in  a  glass 
I  or  porcelain  vessel,  for  half  an  hour,  occasionally 
!  adding  distilled  water,  so  as  to  preserve  the  mea- 
I  sure.     Filter  through  paper,  and   keep  the  solu- 
)  tion  in  closely-stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is 


LIQUOR 


54 


LISTS 


used  externally  as  a  cooling  astringent,  and  die-      MU  todaoxymurtat  ie«  sen  cAfors  fi  ..„/,-.  sou  c*to 
outient,  when  diluted  with  distilled  water.  run  ti  natn  seu  chlor*t,  aodaaeu  chlorure  1  soda 

Liquob   Pluhbi   Subacrta'tis    Dilu'tus,    L.     Beo ,  Mfri ;  ojry«Mrfa«'ic»,  Natrnm  f^ra  ««m  ft9  ■ 


ta'tfs  Litkar'gyri  Compoifitu*,   L.  Plum 
■  dilu'tus,   L.  Phii"!"'  Diaceta'tia  dilu'tu*, 
Plumbi  dilu'tum  alcohol' ieumt,  Dilw- 
In'ilon  of  Subac"etaU  of  Lead,  Aqua  Satumi  mu 

r»<j"tto'-minera'lis     sou     J'lumbi     seu     (ioular'di 

pen    Lithar'gyri    Aceta'ti    eompoa'ita,    Timet*'™ 
plumbo'aa,  Lead  uatcr,  Goulard  water,  (F.)  £au 
.    Eau   cb  Goulard,   Eau   vtgtto-minirale, 
Waah,   Royal    P  [Liq.  pluml 


••    f#ji    "7' 


destillat.    Oj.      Ph.    I'.  B.) 


Properties  the  same  as  the  last,  hut  feehler. 
Liquor  Potas's.k,  Aqua    Potaa'aa    sen   Kali 
■  i  seu  Kali  puri,  Solution  of  Potash  or  of 
-.  Lixiv'ium  magistrate  sen  Sapoua'rium, 

Soap  Lee*,  Soap    Ley,  Lixiv'ium  cau'sticnm,  Po- 
\iqfuida,  {F.)  Eau,  solution  ou  liqueur  de 
Potasse,  Potatte  liquid*,  Leseive  d**  Savonnie 
[Potaaaa  carl.  lb},  ealci*.  Ibss,  aqua 

Dissol 

"  i  x 

the  whole:   set  aside  in  a  close  vessel,  and,  when 

cold,   filter    through    calico.)     It  is  antilithic   in 

f  uric  acid  calculi,  and  antacid.     Extern- 

allv,   stimulant    and    escharotic.      Dose,    gtt.    x 


vidian.   Aqua  natri  osymuriat'iei,   Laburraqne* 

flu,)     Liquid,    'Solution    of    Chlorinated 

Soda,     {Calcis   ChloriuaL   fcj;    Soda   Carbonat, 

Dt>j  :  Aqua  eon.-,  us.     Dissolve  the  carbonate  of 

soda  in  three  pints   of  the  water,  with  the  aid  of 
heat.       To   the   remainder   of  the   water   add,   by 
small   portions   at   a   time,   the   chlorinated    lime, 
previously  well    triturated,  stirring  the  mixture 
after  each  addition.      Set   the   mixture   by  for  se- 
veral hours,  that  the  dregs   may  subside;   decant 
the  clear  liquid,  and  mix  it  with   the   solution  of 
carbonate   of  soda.      Lastly,   decant  the  char  li- 
i  quor  from  the  precipitated  carbonate  of  lime,  pass 
it  through   a  linen   cloth,  and   Keep   it   in    bottles 
secluded  from  the  light.— Ph.  I'.  S.)     Used  in  the 
same   cases  as  the  chloride  of  lime.      Internally, 
10   drops   to   a   tluidrachm.   for  a    dose.       Diluted 
Boss,  aqua  detfilLfer-     with  water,  it  is  an  excitant  and  disinfectant  in 
solve  the  alkali  in  Oij  of  the  |  various  morbi  exterai. 
water   and  add  the  remainder  of  the  lime.      Mix  i        Liquor  SoDJE   EffRRTBSCBBS,   Acidulous  wa- 
ter,  simple  —  1.  BodsB    Osymunatiese,    L.    sodm 
chlorinate — L  Stypticus  Ruspini.  Styptic.  Rnspi- 
n\-<—\.  Sulphuricue  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus  setheris 
Bulphurici  —  1.  Swietenis,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymu- 
ri;ltis_l.   Syphiliticus    Turnerl    L.    bydrnrgyri 
Liquob  Potass.e  Arsknitis,  L.  arsenicalis—  |j  oxymuriatis— 1. Tartari  emetici, Vinum  antiraonii 
1.  PotaSBSB  Carbooatia,  L.  P.  Suhcarbonatis.  |  tartarizati  —  1.   of   Van    Swieten,    L.    hydrargyri 

Liquor  Potass.k  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate     oxymuriatis. 

Liquob  Vui.at'ims  Cornu  Cervi.  L.  volaf  d>* 


of  Pota—a,    Neutral   Mixture,    Satin 
.    Limon.  Uss,  Potass.  Bicarbonat 


Mixture. 
q.  s.)  sa 


Cornu 


L.    volat'ilis    oa'aium,     Vol' utile. 


turate  by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter;  or,  !   Liquor  of  Hartshorn,  Spir'itu*  Lumbneo  rum  sen 
Let  /    Citric.  Ssa  :   01.  Limon.  rr\,.  ij  ;  Aqua  Oss,  !  Millepeda'rum  seu  Cornu  Cervi,  Hartshorn,  Spirit 
Bicarbonat.  q.  s. ;    dissolve,  saturate  by  j  of  Hartshorn,  Bone  Spirit,  (F.)  Liqueur  volatile 


Com- 


pound Solution  of  Iodide  of  Potassium.     (Potas-     lotion  for  ulcers  ;  or,  diluted  with  water, 


tiie  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  in  fever,  but  probably  of  little  or  no  efficacy. 
Liquob  Potass.*:  Subcabboha'tis,  L.  Potassa* 
Carbonat  is  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Aqua  Kali  seu  Kali  pra- 
paroti   seu   Subcarbonatis    Kali,   O'/eum    Tar'tari 

per  deli  q'ui  urn,  Lixivium  Tartari,  Oil  of  Tartar, 
oil  of  Tartar,  So/u'tion  of  Subcar1  bonate 
of  Potasaa,  (F.)  Liqueur  de  sous-carbonate  de  Po- 
Lessice  de  Tartre,  Huile  de  Tartre  par  d£~ 
/'alliance.  (Potass,  subcar.  tbj,  «</uce  destillat. 
i^xij.  Dissolve  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
gtt.  I  to  XXX. 

Liquor  Potassii  Ionini  Compos'itus. 

; 

til  iodid.  gr.  x,   Iodin,  gr.   v,  aquce.  destillat.  Oj. 

jimp,  meas.)     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  fgj. 

Liquor,  Propagatory,  Sperm — I.  Prostatious, 
Prostatic  liquor,  see  Prostate — 1.  Puris,  ses  Pu*. 

Liquor  Sang'uisis.  BloodUquor,  (P.)  Liqueur 
<!u  Sang.  A  term  given  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  to  one 
of  the  constituents  of  the  blond,  the  other  being 
Mm  red  particles.  It  is  the  Harmatoplaa'ma,  the 
-.  of  Schultz,  Lymph,  Coagulable or plaatie 
Lymph,  the  Mucago  or  Mucilage  of  Harvey.  Hew- 
son  ;ind  others,  and  the  intercellular  fluid  of  Leh- 
niann.  (P.)  Lymph*  plastiqu*  ou  coagulable,  Sue 
nourricier,  and  is  the  effused  material  from  which 
tiie  cells  obtain  the  constituents  of  the  different 
and  Beoretiens.     See  Blood. 

Liquob  o?  Bcarpa,  Pifcrtne  auditive. 

Liquor  Skm'inis.  The  homogeneous,  transpa- 
rent fluid,  in  which  the  spermatosoids  and  semi- 
iuI  frranules  are  contained.     See  Sperm. 


,  de  Come  de  cerf.     This  is  a  solution  of  subcar- 

j  bonate  of  ammonia,  impregnated  with  empyreu- 

matic  oil.      It  possesses   the  same  virtues   as   tho 

subearbonate  of  ammonia.     It  is  in  common  use 

to  smell  at.  in  fainting*,  &c. 

Liquor  Vouatii.is  Ossitu.  L.  volatilis  cornu 
cervi— 1.  Zinoi  Chloridi,  see  Burnett's  Disinfect- 
ing Liquid. 

Liquor    Zihci    Sui.i-ha'tis   cum    Camph'ora, 

Aqua    Zinci    vitriola'ti   cum    ('amphora   b<  d    vi- 

triol'ioa  camphor  a' ta  sen  ophthal'miea,   Common. 

■\  Eye     Water.       (Zinci   sulph.    ijss,    camphor,   Jvj, 

II  aq.  bullient.  Oij;   dissolve  and  filter.)      Dl 


,  as  a  col- 
lyrium. 

LIQUORICE.  Glycyrrhi/a  —  1.  Bush,  Abrus 
precatorius — 1.  Juice,  see  Glycyrrhiza. 

Liquoricb,  Rkfinkd.  Extractum  glycyrrhizm 

1.   Spanish,   see  Glycyrrhiza  —  1.  Wild,  Aralia 

nudicaulis.  Galium  ciresesnns. 

LIQUORITIA,  Cl.vcyrrhiza. 

LIRIODEN'DRON,  from  a^iov,  'lily  or  tulip.' 
and  otvSaov,  'tree'  L.  tulipif'tra,  Tnlipif'em 
Lirioden'droii,  Old  utife*a  shirt.  Tulip  or  Poplar 
Tree,  Tulip-bearing  or  American  Poplar,  White 
Wood,  Gvproaa  Tree,  (New  England.)  (F.)  Tuli- 
pi.r.  The  bark— Liriodendron  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — 
especially  of  the  root,  of  this  noble  fores!  tree, 
which   is  indigenous  in  the   United   Brato 

Strong   aromatic    hitter,    and    has    been    employed 

advantageously  as  s  tonic.     An  active  principle 

parated  from  it  by  Professor  .T.  P.  Emmet 

of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  has  been  called 


LlQU 


lODJt,  /-.  Soda  Cauetiem,  So/u'tion  of   ■  ]/,,;,, dm' d> 


It  is  not  used  in  medii 


lu'tion  or' i 'awt,',-  Soda.     ( Prepared,  like 
Liquor  Potasses,  from  Carbonate  of  Soda.) 

IRBONA'TIS,    Solution     of    t'ar- 

\\~<,  (avoirdu- 

■6M.]      Ph.  I).) 
is  nn  antacid,   one   to   two  tablespoonfuls, 
diluted  with  water. 
Liquor  Soda  Chloriot,  L.  sodse  ohlorinatse. 
Liquob  Bod^i  Cbxobina't^.  L.  soda  chla'ridi 


houate  of  Soda,     i  Soda  carbon 

Aqua    dentillat.    Oj.    (  Tlllp 


LIS  BLANC,  Lilium  eandldura— -I.  Asphodel*, 
Asphodelus  ramosus  —  /.  de§  Etanga,  Nymphsea 
alba. 

LTSERON,  GRAND,  Convolvulus  seplum  — 
/.  d,*  Haiea,  Convolvnlus  sepium — >.  M< <hamr,k, 
Convolvulus  panduratus. 

LISK,  [nguen. 

LISTS,  Flanks. 


LISTOX'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER  548 


LITHOTHRYPSIS 


LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER,  see  Spa- 
radrapum  adhaesivum. 

LITE,  \trri.  A  plaster,  formerly  made  of  ver- 
digris, wax.  and  resin. — Galen. 

LITHAGOGECTASIA,  Litheetasy. 

LITHAGO'GUM,  from  Xt6os,  'a  stone,'  and 
ayw,  'I  expel.'  A  remedy  which  was  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  expelling  calculi.  Also, 
n  lithotomy  forceps. 

LITHANTHRAX.  Carbo  fossilis. 

LITHANTHROKOKALI,  Anthrakokali. 

LITHARGE,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1. 
of  Gold,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1.  of 
Silver,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

LITHARGYRI  ACETUM,  Liquor  plumbisub- 
acetatis. 

LITHARGYRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHARGYRUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHAS,  Urate. 

LITHATE.  Urate— 1.  of  Soda,  Urate  of  soda. 

LITHECTASY,  Lkhecta'sia,  Lithagoyeeta'sia, 
Lithodecta'sia,  from  XiQog,  :  a  stone,'  and  EKraaig, 
'dilatation;'  Cystec'tasy.  An  operation  which 
consists  in  extracting  stone  from  the  bladder  by 
dilating  the  neck  of  the  organ,  after  making  an 
incision  in  the  perineum,  and  opening  the  mem- 
branous portion  of  the  urethra. 

LITH'IA,  Lithi'asis,  Lithoyen'ia,  Uri'asis, 
Urolith  Cast's,  Cachex'ia  calcxdo'sa,  Calcu'li  Mor- 
bits,  Lapilla'tio,  Genera'tio  cal'culi,  from  \iQos,  'a 
stone.'  The  formation  of  stone,  gravel,  or  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body.  Also,  an  affection 
in  which  the  eyelids  are  edged  with  small,  hard, 
and  stone-like  concretions. 

Ltth'ia,  Car'bonate  of,  Lith'ice  Car'bonas, 
Lith'ium  Carbon' icum,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Lithine. 
A  salt  found  in  certain  mineral  waters,  which 
have  been  serviceable  in  lithuria.  Hence,  it  has 
been  suggested  in  that  morbid  condition. 

Lithia  Renalis  Akenosa,  Gravel — 1.  Renalis, 
Nephrolithiasis — 1.  Yesicalis,  Calculi,  vesical. 

LITIIUE  CARBONAS,  Lithia,  carbonate  of. 

LITHIASIS,  Lithia  — 1.  Cystica,  Calculi,  ve- 
sica!— 1.  Nephritica,  Gravel.  Nephrolithiasis. 

Lithi'asis  Pulmo'xum,  Puhno'nes  tartariza'ti. 
The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  lungs,  occa- 
sioning at  times  Litho-phthi'  sis, Phthisis  calculo'sa, 
Phthisic  calculeuse,  of  Bayle. 

Lithiasis  Rkxalis  Arexosa,  Gravel  —  1.  Re- 
nalis, Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical. 

LITHIC,  Lith'icus.  Belonging  to  lithic  or 
uric  acid,  or  to  stone:  hence  Lithic  DiatJi'esis. 
Also,  an  antilithic. 

Lithic  Acid,  Uric  acid  —  1.  Acid  diathesis,  Li- 
thuria—  1.  Diathesis,  Lithuria— 1.  Sediments,  see 
Lithuria. 

LJTHTNE,  CARBONATE  DE,  Lithia,  car- 
bonate of. 

LITHIUM  CARBONICUM,  Lithia,  carbon- 
ate  of. 

LITHIURIA,  Lithuria. 

LITHOCEXOSIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOCYSTOTOMY,  Lithotomy. 

LITHOCLAST,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOCLASTIA.  Lithotrity. 

LITHODECTASIA.  Lithectasy. 

LITHODIAL'YSIS,  from  Xidog,  'a  stone,'  and 
$ia\vu),  'to  dissolve.'  The  dissolving  of  a  stone 
ia  the  bladder. 

LITHODRAS'STC,  Lithodras'sicus.  (F.)  Litho- 
drassique,  from  Atfloj,  'a  stone,'  and  Spaaveiv,  'to 
seize  hold  of.'  An  epithet  given  to  a  form  of 
stone  forceps — Pince  lithodrassiqne — used  in  the 
operation  of  lithotrity,  by  MM.  Meirieu  and 
Tanehou. 
LITHOGENIA,  Lithia. 


LITHOID,  Litho'des,  Lithoi'des;  from  XtBog, 
'stone,'  and  cicog,  'resemblance.'  Of  the  nature 
of  stone,  or  resembling  stone:  as 

LITHOf  DES  OS,  see  Temporal  bone. 

LITHOLABE  (F.),  Lithol'abum,  from  Xid°g, 
'a  stone,'  and  Aa/?w,  Au^/Ww,  'I  seize  hold  of.' 
An  instrument,  employed  for  laying  nold  of  a 
stone  in  the  bladder,  and  keeping  it  fixed,  so  that 
lithotritic  instruments  can  act  upon  it. 

LITHOLABOX,  Forceps,  (Lithotomy.) 

LITHOL'ABUM,  from  h9og,  'a  stone,'  and 
Xa/jtj3avu),  'I  seize.'  An  instrument  concerned  in 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder.  It  had  va- 
rious shapes. — Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente,  Hil- 
danus. 

LITH'OLYTE,  from  XtOog,  'a  stone,' and  A»«, 
'I  dissolve.'  An  instrument,  of  the  catheter 
kind,  for  conveying  solvents  of  calculi  into  the 
bladder. 

LITHOLYTIC,  Lithontriptic. 

LITHOME'TRA,  from  Xtdog,  'a  stone,'  and 
nvrca,  '  the  uterus.'  Osseous,  or  other  concretions 
of  the  uterus. 

LITHOXEPIIRITIS,  see  Xephritis. 

LITHONLYTIC,  Lithontriptic. 

LITHOXTHRYPTIC,  Lithontriptic. 

LITHONTIUP'TIC,  LithontHp'ticw,  Lithon- 
thryp'tic,  Litholyt'ic,  Lithonlyt'ic,  CaleiUifragaa, 
Suj-if'rayus,  from  XiQog,  'a  stone,'  and  O^v-ru,  'I 
break  in  pieces.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capa- 
ble of  dissolving  calculi  in  the  urinary  passages. 
There  is  not  much  reliance  to  be  placed  upon 
such  remedies.  By  antilithics,  exhibited  accord- 
ing to  the  chemical  character  of  the  calculus  (see 
I  Calculi,  urinary,)  the  disease  may  be  prevented 
from  increasing  :  but  most  of  the  vaunted  lithon- 
1  triptics  for  dissolving  the  calculus  already  formed 
have  been  found  unworthy  of  the  high  enco- 
miums which  have  accompanied  their  intro- 
duction. 

LITHOPiE'DIOX,  In/ana  lapid'eus,  Osteope- 


dion, from   At£o 


stone,'  and  Tiaig,  naicog. 


the 


child.'     A   foetus,    petrified    in  the   body  of 
mother. 

LITIIOPH'AGUS,  from  XiBog,  'a  stone,'  and 
$ayw,  'I  eat.'  A  stone-eater.  Cases  are  on  re- 
cord of  persons  who  have  swallowed  stones  for 
purposes  of  exhibition. 

LITHOPHTIIISIS,  see  Calculi,  pulmonary, 
and  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

L  IT IIO  P  R IX IE.  Li th otri  t v. 

L1THOPRIOXE,  from  \i6og,  'a  stone.'  and 
rpiwv,  'a  saw.'  An  instrument  proposed  by  M. 
Leroy  for  preventing  the  fragments  of  a  caleulu*, 
when  subjected  to  lithotrity,  from  falling  into  the 
bladder.     It  is  a  variety  of  litholabc. 

LITHOPRISIE.  Lithotrity. 

LITHORIXEUR,  from  Xidog,  'a  stone.'  and 
pivuv,  'to  file.'  An  instrument,  proposed  by  MM. 
Meirieu  and  Tanchou  for  filing  down  calculi  in 
the  bladder. 

LITHOS,  Calculus. 

LITHOSPER'MUM  OFFICTXA'LE,  MWhim 
Solis,  JEyon'  yhon,  Gronucell,  Bastard  Al'kanet, 
Little-vale.  (F.)  Gremil  officinal,  Herbe  au.c  Perle*. 
Ord.  Boragineae.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  were 
formerly  supposed,  from  their  stony  har 
(Xiirog,  'a  stone,'  and  c-zpua,  'seed,')  to  be  effica- 
cious in  calculous  affections.  They  have,  also, 
been  considered  diuretic. 

Lithospermum  Villosum,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

LITHOTERE'THRUM,  from  XiOog,  'stone,' 
and  Tspeiv,  'to  rub.'     A  lithotritor. 

LITHOTHLIBIE  (F.),  from  XiOog,  'stone/  and 
5X(/3w,  'I  crush.'     The  crushing  of  a  friable  cal- 
culus between  a  finger,  passed  by  the  rectum  or 
j  vagina  as  far  as  the  bos-fond  of  the  bladder,  and 
,  a  catheter  introduced  into  the  bladder. 
I      LITHOTHRYPSIS,  Lithotrity. 


LiTiiivr  in;  yptors 


!  9 


LITHOTOMY 


LTTTIOTIIKYI'         -  Lithotrity. 

/.  /  THO  !  0  ME,  Lithot'omue,  from  Xi3»j,  'a 
rutin*,    'I  cut,'  and   to^,   'an    incision.' 
i  given  to  ;>  d amber  of  instru- 
ct' different  shapes  and  Bises,  which  are 
;  the  operation  for  the  stone,  to  cut  the 
:•  body  of  the  bladder.     They  ought,  with 
more  propriety,  to 

I  dine  is  the 
most  known,  and  is  .-•till  occasionally  used.  It 
is  composed  of  n  handle,  and  a  Battened  Bheath, 
slightly  curved  :  in  this  there  is  a  cutting  blade, 
which  can  he  hired  out,  by  pressing  upon  a  baa- 
«i//.'  nr  Lever,  to  any  extent  that  may  he  wished 
by  the  operator. 

A  Double  Lithotome  was  used  by  Dupuytren 
in  his  bilateral  operation.     Bee  Lithotomy. 

LITHOT'OMIST.      Suae    etymon.       Litnofo- 
mu*.     One  who  devotes  himself  entirely  to  ope- 
ns.    One  who  practises  litho- 
■ 

LITHOT'OMT,  Lithotom'ia,  Cyetotom'ia,  Uro- 
fithotom' in,  Sectio  vesica'lie,  Lithocystot'omy. 
Baroe  etymon.  (F.)  Taille  The  operation  by 
which  a  tracted  from  the  bladder.    The 

different  method*,  according  to  which  this  opera- 
tion may  he  practised,  are  reducible  to  five  prin- 
cipal :  each  of  which  has  experienced  numerous 
modifications. 

1.  The  Method  of  Celsue,  Meth'odn*  Cehia'na, 

n'ia    cum     appara'tu    pnrro,    Appara'ttu 
.  (yittiin>/  on  tl,e  Gripe.     This  consisted  in 
cutting  nnon  the  stone,  after  having  made  it  pro- 
ject  at    the   perimeum   by  means  of  the  fingers 
introduced    into    the   rectum.     This   method  was 
attended   with   several  inconveniences;  such   as 
the  difficulty  of  dividing  the  parts  neatly,  injury 
done  to  i he  bladder,  as  well  as  the  impossibility 
(•:'  drawing  down  the  jtone  in  many  persons.     It 
■  times,  also,  called  Meth'odus  Guytonia'na  ; 
tuliac   having   endeavoured   to 
remove  from   it  the  discredit  into  which   it  had 
fallen  in  his  time.     It  was  termed  Apparatus  Mi- 
appnreil,  from  the  small  nuuo- 
ber  of  instruments  required  in  it. 

2.  Apparatus  M<iJ<>r.  This  method  was  in- 
vented, in  1520,  by  John  de   Romani,  a  surgeon 

anna,  and  communicated  by  him  to  Mari- 
nto-di-Biirletta,  whence  it  was  long  called 
Mariano's     Method,    Sec'tio    Maria'na.      It    was 
called,  also,   Apparatus    Major,    and    Gystotom'ia 
-  cum  appara'tu  magna,  (F.)  Le grand 
I,   from    tin-    number   of   instruments   re- 
i  in  it.     An   incision  was   made  on   the  me- 
dian line:  but  the  neck  of  the  bladder  was  not 
ehended  in  it.    Tt  was  merely  dilated.    The 
r  apparatus  was  liable  to  many  inconveni- 
Buch   as   ecchymoses;   contusion;   inflam- 
mation of  the  neck  of  the  bladder;   abe 
urinary    fistulae;    incontinence   of  urine;    impo- 

I   ie  High  Operation,  Apparatus  altus,  Cy$- 
>    apparatu    alto,    G.    Hypogat'trica, 
tntom'ia,     Laparocystotom'ia,     Si  •  ■ 
Meth'odus    Franconia'na,    S.    Hypogas'tr 

II  tut  appareil,  Taille  Hypogastrique, 
sns-pubienue,  was  first  practised  by  Peter 
■  .  about  the  middle  of  the  16th  century, 
listi  1  in  pushing  the  Btone  above  the  pubis 
by  the  fingers  introduced  into  the  rectum.  Rous- 
Fterwards  proposed  to  make  the  bladder  rise 
the  pubis  by  injecting  it.    The  method  had 

fallen  into  discredit,  wl Frfcre  I  fime  revived  it 

It  i-;  need  when  the  calculus  is  very  large.     It 

I  by  opening  first  the  membranous 

pari  of  the  urethra  upon  the  catheter  passed  into 

inaL     Through   this  incision,  the  Sonde  d 

,/„,-,/  —  a  species   of  catheter,  having  a 

1  Btilet —  was  introduced  into  the  I  I 


An  incision  was  then   made  into  the  linea  alba, 
physis  puhis,  of  about  four  or  live 
breadth,   and   the   peritoneum  detached 
to  avoid   wounding   it.     The   Btilet   was    | 
through  the  bladder,  and  used  as  a  director  for 
the    knife,    with    which    the    bladder   was   divided 
anteriorly,  as  far  as  the   neck  :   and  the  Btone  ex- 
It  was  performed  in  England  by  Dou- 
.   1719,  and  since  by  others,  with  various 
modifications. 

1.  The  Lat'eral  Operation,  Hypocysteotom'ia, 
Gystotom'ia  lateralis,  Gystauci 
tracht  totom'ia,  I  rrethrocystauchenotom'ia,  (  re- 
throcysteotrachelotom'ia,  Sec'tio  latera'lis,  Appa- 
ratus later  a' lis,  (F.)  Appareil  laterali 
named  from  the  prostate  gland  and  neck  of  tho 
bladder  being  cut  laterally,  was  probably  in- 
i  anco.  It  was  introduced  into 
by  FrSre  Jacques  de  Beaulieu.  Hi 
formed  it  with  rude  instruments,  invented  hy 
himself,  and  improved  by  the  suggestions  of  some 
of  the  Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it  re- 
ceived its  earliest  and  most  important  improve- 
ments from  the  celebrated  Cheselden.  It  is  tho 
method  practised  at  the  present  day.  according 
to  different  modes  of  procedure.  In  this  method, 
the  patient  is  placed  upon  a  table;  bis  legs  and 
thighs  are  bent  and  separated:  the  hands  being 
tied  to  the  feet.  The  perinaeum  is  then  si 
and  a  staff  is  introduced  into  the  bladder;  the 
handle  being  turned  towards  the  right  groin  of 
■  the  patient.  An  oblique  incision  is  now  made 
|'  from  the  raphe  to  the  middle  of  a  line  drawn 
1  from  the  anus  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium 
of  the  left  side  ;  and.  taking  the  .-tall'  for  a  guide, 
the  integuments,  areolar  tissue  of  the  perinaeutn, 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra,  transversua 
perinmi  muscle,  bulbo-eavernosus,  Bome  fib 
the  levator  ani,  the  prostate  and  neck  of  tho 
bladder,  are  successively  divided.  For  this  latter 
part  of  the  operation,  the  knife,  the  beaked  bis- 
toury, Bistouri  ou  Lithotome  Cachi,  cutting  gor- 
get, etc.,  is  used,  according  to  the  particular  pre- 
ference. The  forceps  are  now  introduced  into 
the  bladder,  and  the  stone  extracted.  In  tho 
operation,  care  must  he  taken  not  to  injure  the 
rectum,  or  the  great  arterial  vessels,  distrihuted 
to  the  perineum. 

A  variety  of  the   Lateral  Apparatus,  called  hy 
the  French  Appareil  latiral,  consisted  in  cutting 
into  the  bas-fnnd  of  the   bladder,  without  touch- 
ing  the   neck  of  that  organ;    hut  it  wai 
abandoned,  on  aceount  of  its  inconveniences. 

The  method  of  Lc  Cat  and  id'  Pajola — Urethro- 
cysteo-anettrysmatotom'ia  —  consists  in  dividing 
the  prostate  in  part  only,  —  the  enlargement 
of  the  wound  being  effected  hy  a  peculiar 
dilator. 

The  Bilateral  Operation  is  founded  on  that  of 
It  consists  in  making  an  incision  poste- 
rior to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  and  anterior  to 
the  anus,  involving  both  .-ides  of  the  perinaeum 
by  crossing  the  raphe  at  right  angles:  an  incision 
is  then  made  through  the  nicuil  ranous  part  of 
the  urethra,  and  the  prostate  may  he  cut  bilate- 
rally, either  with  the  double  lithotome  of  Dupuy- 
tren, or  the  prostatic  bisector  of  Dr.  Stevens,  of 
New  York. 

5.  Lithotomy  by  th<-  Rectum,  Proctocystotom'ia, 
Sec'tio  reeto-vesica'lis,  (F.)  Taille  par  /</  Rectum, 
Taille  postirieitre,  '/'.  Recto  vfsicale.  This  was 
1  by  Vegetius  in  the  Ifith  century;  hut 
n  was  never  noticed  until  If,  Sanson,  in  tl 
1^17,  attracted  attention  to  it ;  since  which  time 
it  baa  hen  successfully  performed  in  many  in- 
It  consists  in  penetrating  the  bladder 
through  the  paries  corresponding  with  tl 
t u in .  hy  first  cutting  the  spincbter  ani  and  rectum 
ahout  the  root  of  the  penis,  and  penetrating  the 


LITHOTRESIS 


5  50 


LITER 


bladder  by  the  neck  of  that  organ,  dividing  the 
prostate, — or  by  its  bas-fond. 

Lithotomy  in  women,  from  the  shortness  of  the 
urethra,  is  a  comparatively  insignificant  operation. 

Lithotomy  uv  thb  Rectum,  see  Lithotomy — 1. 
by  the  Vagina,  see  Lithotomy. 

LITHOTRESIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRIPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LffllOTMTES,  see  Lithotrity. 

L 1 111 0  TR  1 TE I TRS,  see  Li  th  otrity. 

LITHOTRITOR,  see  Lithotrity. 

L  I T II  0  T '  R  I T  Y,  Lithotri'tia,  Lithotryp'ay, 
Lithotripsy,  Lithothrip'sy,  Lithothrypsisf  Litho- 
tre'sis,  Lithotripsis,  Lithoceno'sis,  Lithoclas'tia, 
Lithoprinie,  Lithoprisie,  (F.)  Broiement  de  la 
Pierre,  from  )a$os,  'a  stone,'  and  i-(u/?w,  '  I  break. 
The  operation  of  breaking,  bruising  or  sawing 
the  stone  in  the  bladder.  It  has  been  performed, 
Of  late  years,  with  success,  by  French,  and,  after 
them,  by  English  and  American  surgeons.  The 
instruments  employed  for  this  purpose  are  called, 
in  the  abstract,  Lithotrites,  Lithotriteurs,  Lithot'- 
ritors,  Lithotriptors,  Lithothryptors,  Lithotrype'tas 
and  Lithoctasts.  The  most  celebrated  are  those 
of  Civiale,  Jacobson,  Heurteloup  and  Weiss.  See 
Brine-Pierre  articuie  ;   and  Percnteur  d  JIarteau. 

LITHOTRYPETJE.  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOXIDU'RIA,  from  Xi9or,  'a  stone,'  ox- 
ide, and  ovpov,  'urine.'  The  discharge  of  urine 
containing:  lithic  or  xanthio  oxide. 

LITHU'RIA,  Lithiti'ria,  Lithure'sis,  Lithou- 
rorrhee  (Piorry) ;  from  XiOog,  'a  stone,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine.'  Lithic,  or  Lithic  Acid,  Diathesis.  The 
condition  of  the  system  and  of  the  urine  in  which 
deposits  of  lithic  acid  and  the  lithates  —  Lithic 
sediments  or  concretions — take  place  in  the  urine. 
See  Urine. 

LITHUS,  Calculus. 

LITMUS,  Lichen  roccella. 

LITRA,  Pound. 

LITRE,  Litra.  A  measure  containing  a  cubed 
decimetre,  which  is  equal  nearly  to  2.1135  pints. 
The  ancients  gave  the  name  litrn,  Xtr^a,  to  a  mea- 
sure capable  of  containing  16  ounces  of  liquid. 

LITS.EA  CUBEBA,  Piper  cubeba  — 1.  Pipe- 
rita. Piper  cubeba. 

LITTLE-WALE,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

LITUS,  Liniment. 

LI  YE  CHE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LIVER,  Sax.  lipen,  He  par,  Jecur,  Jec"inus, 
(F.)  Foie.  The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the 
body.  It  is  an  azygous  organ  ;  unsyminetrical  ; 
very  heavy;  and  of  a  brownish-red  colour;  oc- 
cupying the  whole  of  the  right  hypochondrium, 
and  a  part  of  the  epigastrium.  Above,  it  corre- 
sponds to  the  diaphragm;  below,  to  the  stomach, 
transverse  colon,  and  right  kidney;  behind,  to 
the  vertebral  column,  aorta,  and  vena  cava;  and 
before,  to  the  base  of  the  chest.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  convex  ;  the  lower,  irregularly  convex  and 
concave,  so  that  anatomists  have  divided  the 
organ  into  three  lobes,  —  a  large  or  right  or  colic 
lobe;  —  a  lesser  lobe,  lobule,  or  inferior  lobe,  the 
Lob'idus  Spige'lii, — and  a  middle  or  left  lobe.  At 
its  inferior  surface,  are  observed:  —  1.  A  Sulcus 
or  Furrow  or  Fissure,  called  horizontal  or  longi- 
tudinal or  great  fissure,  Fossa  Umbilica'lis,  (F.) 
Sillon  horizontal,  longitudinal  ou  de  la  veine  om- 
bilicale,  Sulcus  antero-posterior  Jec'oris  seu  hori- 
zonta'lis  Jec'oris  seu  longitudina'lis  Jecoris  seu 
sinis'ter  Jecoris  seu  Umiiilica'iis,  which  lodges,  in 
the  foetus,  the  umbilical  vein  and  ductus  venosus. 
2.  The  Principal  Fissure,  termed  Sulcus  Trans- 
rersns.  Fossa  transrer'sa,  Transverse  fossa,  Sinus 
Porta' rum,  Porta,  P.  seu  JTanns  Jec'oris  seu  He'- 
p>atis  Fossa  or  Fissure  of  the  Vena  j^orta,  Portal 


Fiss'tire  or  Fossa,  (F.)  Sillon  transversal  ou  de  la 
veine  parte,  which  receives  the  sinus  of  the  vena 
porta.     3.  The  Fissure  of  the  Vena  Cora  infe'rior, 
Sillon  de  la  veine  care   inftrieure,  situate   at   the 
posterior  margin  of  the  organ,  and  lodging  the 
i  vena  cava  inferior.     4.  The  Lohulus  Spige'lii,  oi 
posterior  portal  eminence.     5.  The  anterior  portnt 
I  eminence,    Auri'ga    seu     Lobulus    anon'ymus.      (3. 
Depressions  corresponding  to  the  upper  surface 
of  the  stomach,  gall-bladder,  arch  of  the  colon1, 
right  kidney,  &c.     Continued  from  the  fossa  trnt- 
bilicalis  is  a  small  fossa,  called  Fossa  Ductus  IV- 
no'si,  between  the  left  lobe  and  Lobulus  Spigelii. 
The  posterior  margin  of  the  liver  is  very  thick  ; 
much    more   so  than    the   anterior.     The  liver  is 
'   surrounded  by  a  serous  or  peritoneal   covering, 
j:  which  forms  for  it  a  suspensory  or  broad  ligament 
\]  and  two    lateral  and   triangular   ligaments.      B(  B 
'•>  Falx.     The  blood-vessels  of  the   liver   are  very 
:  numerous.     The  hepatic  artery  and  vena  porta 
jj  furnish  it  with  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutri- 
tion  and  the  secretion  of  bile.     The  hepatic  veins 
|:  convey  away  the  blood,  which  has  served  those 
|J  purposes.     The  lymphatic  vessels  are  very  nume- 
rous: some  being  superficial;  others  deep-seated. 
The  nerves  are,  also,  numerous,  and  proceed  from 
the  pneumogastric,  diaphragmatic,  and  from   the 
hepatic  plexuses. 

The  intimate  structure  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  liver  has  been  well  studied.  When  cut.  it  pre- 
sents a  porous  appearance,  owing  to  the  division 
of  a  multitude  of  small  vessels.  When  torn,  it 
seems  formed  of  granulations;  —  the  intimate 
structure  of  which  has  given  rise  to  many  hypo- 
theses. In  these  granulations  are  contained  ihe 
:  radicles  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  bile:  the 
j  union  of  which  constitutes  the  hepatic  duct.  Ac- 
cording to  Mr.  Kiernan,  the  intimate  structure 
consists  of  a  number  of  lobules — hepatic  lobules, 
hepatic  islets — composed  of  intralobular  or  he- 
patic veins,  which  convey  the  blood  back  that 
has  been  inservient  to  the  secretion  of  bile.  The 
interlobular  plexus  of  veins  is  formed  by  branches 
of  the  vena  porta,  which  contain  both  the  blood 
of  the  vena  porta  and  of  the  hepatic  artery  :  both 
of  which,  according  to  Mr.  Kiernan,  furnish  the 
pabulum  of  the  biliary  secretion.  The  biliary 
ducts  form  likewise  an  interlobular  plexus,  having 
an  arrangement  similar  to  that  of  the  inter- 
lobular veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's  views  are  embraced 
by  many  anatomists;  but  are  denied  by  some. 

The  liver  is  the  only  organ,  which,  indepen- 
dently of  the  red  blood  carried  to  it  by  the  hepa- 
tic artery,  receives  black  blood  by  the  vena  porta. 
The  general  opinion  is,  that  the  vena  porta  is  the 
fluid  which  furnishes  bile,  whilst  that  of  the  artery 
affords  blood  for  the  nutrition  of  the  liver.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  bile  is  secreted  from  the 
blood  of  the  latter  vessel.  Besides  bile  the  liver 
forms  sugar,  and  is  a  great  assimilating  organ. 

The  liver  is  liable  to  a  number  of  diseases. 
The  principal  are  —  Hepati'tis  or  inflammation, 
cancer,  biliary  calculi,  encysted  and  other  tumours 
or  tubercles,  hydatids,  &c.  ;  and  it  has,  at  times, 
been  the  fashion  to  refer  to  it  as  the  cause  of 
symptoms  with  which  it  is  no  wise  connected. 

Liver,  Hepar.  Under  this  name  the  ancients 
designated  several  substances,  having  a  brownish 
colour  analogous  to  that  of  the  liver;  and  com- 
posed of  sulphur  and  some  other  body.  See  Po- 
tassae  Sulphuretum,  Liver  of  Sulphur. 

Liver  of  Antimony  is  the  semi-vitreous  sul- 
phuret,  &e. 

Liver  Disease,  Hepatopathia  —  1.  Fatty.  Adi- 
posis hepatica — 1.  Gin,  L.  nutmeg — 1.  Gin-drink- 
ers', L.  nutmeg  —  1.  Granulated,  Cirrhosis  of  the 
liver. 

Liver-Grow x,    Tti'mido  jec'ore  pros' ditua. 
..  Having  a  large  liver. 


LIVIDUS   MUSCULUS 


5  5  1 


LOBULUS 


Liver,  Hobrail,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver  —  1. 
Mammillated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

Liter,  Nutmeg,  Hepar  variega'han,  Tu'beri- 
forin  liver.  An  appearance  of  the  liver  when  cut 
-  resembling  that  of  the  section  <>f  ■  nut- 
Ifyrietioa'tio  ke'patie,  sapposed  by  some  to 
result  of  intemperance  in  the  nee  of  alco- 
holic drinks:  but  ocoorring  under  other  causes. 
Tlie  terms  whieky  liver,  gin-drinkere'  liver,  and 
gin  liver,  occasionally  applied  to  it.  are,  ooase- 
quently,  not  distinctive. 

Liter  Spot,  Chloasma. 

Liter,  Ti  asR<  i  latbd,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver 
— 1.   rnberiform,  L.  nutmeg. 

I.  \  rr  Weed,  Eepatica  triloba. 

Liter,  Whiskt,  Liver,  nul 

Liteb  Wort,  Eepatica  triloba,  Marehantia  po- 
lymorpha — 1.  Wort,  ground,  ssh-coloored,  Lichen 
eaninns  —  1.  Wort,  Iceland.  Lieben  Islandicus  — 
1.  W..rt,  noble,  Bepatica  triloba. 

LIVID1  S   MUSCULUS,  Peotinalis. 

LIYOR,  Soggilladon — 1.  Emortualis,  ?ee  Sug- 
gillation — 1.  Sanguineus,  see  Ecchymoma, 

LIYHE,  Pound. 

LIVRET,  Omasum. 

LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA,  Potaara  tartras 

—  1.  Vitriolata,   Potassse  sulphas  —  1.  Vitriolata 
anlphurea,  Potassse  sulphas  cum  Bolphnre. 

LIXIVI.K  sen  KALICUM  A<  ETAS,  Potassae 
acetas. 

LIXIVTAL.  Lixivio'eut,  from  lixivium,  'lee.' 
i  I'.      Lixiwial,    Lixivieux.     An   ancient  term  for 
salts  obtained  by  washing  vegetable  ashes, — such 
fixed  alkalies. 

L  I  X  I  V  I  A  'TI  0  X.  Elixivia'U'on,  Lixivia'tio, 
Sam-   etymon.      An   operation   which   con  J 

washing  w l-ashes  with  water,  so  as  to  dissolve 

ible  parts.     The  filtered  liquor  is  the  lee. 

LIXIVIUM,  /.  'in,  Lee,  Ley,  f-yr, 

i  P.    Loutive.     Any  solution  containing  pot 
aods  —  Sal  lixivio'ntm — in  excess:  from  Ux,  'lye.' 

Lixivium  Ammonia.- vi. i:.  Liquor  ammonias  — 
1.  Ammoniacale  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonia 
aromaticus —  1.  Causticum,  Liquor  potassas — 1. 
lLagistrale,  Liquor  potaasa — 1.  Saponarium,  Li- 
i(ii  t  potasses —  1.  Tartari,  Liquor  potass*  sub- 
ear  honatis. 

LIXIVUS   CINIS,  Potash  of  commerce. 

LIZARD,  Lacer'ta,  Laeer'tue,  said  to  be  so 
called  in  consequence  of  its  limbs  resembling  the 
arms  [lacerti)  of  man  [?].  Saura,  Sauroe,  (F.) 
I.  Lizards  wore  formerly  employed  in  me- 
dicine as  sudorifics  ;  and  were,  at  one  time,  ex- 
tolled in  syphilis,  cutaneous  affections,  and  in 
aancer. 

LIZ  VRD'S  T  \II..  Saururus  cernuus. 

LOADED,  see  Enduit 

LOADSTONE,  Magnet 

LOATHING,  Di 

LOBARIA    [S LAN DIC A,   Lichen   hlandioui 

—  1.  Pulmonaria,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  1.  Saxa- 
tilis,  Lichen  Saxatilis. 

LOBE,  Lobue.  A  round,  projecting  part  of  an 
organ.  The  liver,  lungs,  and  brain,  for  example, 
have  lobes. 

or  tiu:  B  \R,  Lob'ule  of  the  Ear,  is  a  soft, 

rounded  prominence,  which  terminates  the   cir- 

eumferenee  of  the  pavilion  inferiorly,  and  which 

•  ■  l  in  those  wIim  \\>  ar  ring*. 

The  under  surface  of  the  brain  is  diTided  Into 

Or,,  anterior,  two  lateral,  two  poeterior,  and  two 

intermediate  lobe*  or  j.rorcsses.     These  Cbauasier 

calls    loonies   of  the    brain:    the    cerebral   hemi- 

-  be  terms  lobes. 

Lobe,  Biteb'tral.     A  wedge-shaped  lobe  of 

rebellam,  situate  behind  the  amygdala. 
LOBE   DOUDE'NAL,   Lobulos   Spigelii  —  I 
.  Lobnlue  Spigelii  —  /.  Petit  dufoie, 
Lobulus  Spigelii—/.  de  Spigelf  Lobulus  Spigelii. 


L0BEL1  \.  BLUE,  L.  syphilitica. 

Lobe'lia  Cardib  v'i.is.  Lobelia  eoeein'ea,  Tra- 
n  cke'li nut  Ameri'eemum,   Cardinal  Plant,  ' 
'  >i>tl  Flower,  Searlet  Lobelia,     Ord.  Lobeliaees?. 
This  speeiee  Is  indigenous  in  the  United  Statee. 

It    blooms   in   autumn,    having   beautiful   carmine 
I,      The  root  is  a  reputed  anthelmintic  with 
the  Indians. 

LoBEl  i  v  COK  CIREAj  L.  Cardinalis. 
Lobelia    I.nula'ta,  Indian  <>r  Wild  Tobae*eo, 
f'n/,i     Weed,  Asthma    Weed,  Eyebrigbt,    Emet'ic 
Lobe'lia  (Ph.  U.  S.).     The  prominent  vir- 
tues   of    this    American    plant    are    those    of   an 
emetic.      In    smaller  doses  it  is  sedative,  and  has 

been  given  aa  ■  pectoral  in  croup,  asthma,  Ac. 

It  is.  also,  sudorific  and  cathartic,  and  is  an  aero- 
narcotic  poison.      Twenty  grains  act  as  an  emetic. 

Lobelia,  Palespikbd,  L.  Bpicata. 

Lobelia  Pinifo'lia.     A  South  African  plant, 

the    root  of  which    is   excitant    and    diaphoretic 
A  decoction  of  it  is  sometimes  used  in  ti 
Colony  as  a  domestic  remedy  in   cutaneous  affec- 
tions, chronic  rheumatism,  and  gout. 

Lobelia,  Scahlet,  L.  Cardinalis. 

Lobelia  Spica'ta,  Palespiked  Lobelia;  indi- 
genous :   is  a  diuretic. 

Lobelia  Stphiltt'ica,  L.  refiex'a,  Rannn'- 
j  ruins  Virginia' nue,  Rapnn'tinm  Syphiliticum, 
Blue  Lobelia,  Blur  Oar'dinal  Flower,  The  root 
I  of  this  plant,  which  is  indigenous  in  the  United 
States,  is  an  emetic  and  drastic  cathartic.  It  has 
been  used  in  syphilis;  hence  its  name.  The 
mode  of  preparing  it  is  to  boil  zss  of  the  dried 
root  in  Oxij  of  water,  until  the  fluid  ia  reduced 
to  Oviij.     Dose,  Oss. 

LOBES  BIJUMEAUX,  Quadrigemina  tuber- 
Ottla — 1.  Cerebral,  see  Lobe, 

Lobes  of  tiik:  Liter,  Pinna!  seu  Lobi seu  Pin'- 
nnl(B  He' pat  is.     See  Lobule. 

Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — I. 
Oj/tioties,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

LOBI  IIEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver —1.  Pul- 
monuin,  see  Pulmo. 

LOB'ULAR,  Lobula'rie.  Same  etymon  as  Lo- 
bule. Relating  to  or  belonging  to  a  lobule  : — as 
lobular  pneumonia,  (F.)  Pneumonie  lobulaire,  P. 
mamelonntc,  P.  dissemiuee.  Pneumonia  anatomi- 
cally characterized  by  nuclei  of  red  or  gray  hepa- 
tization disseminated  in  variable  numbers  in  one 
or  both  lungs. 

Lobular  Biliary  Plexus.  The  plexus  formed 
of  lobular  hepatic  ducts,  which  are  derived  chiefly 
from  the  interlobular.  This  plexus  forms  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  substance  of  the  lobule. 

Lobular  Venous  Plexos.  The  plexus  inter- 
posed  between  the  interlobular  portal  veins,  and 
the  intralobular  hepatic  vein. 

LOB'ULE,  Lob'ulue,  diminutive  of  lobus,  'a 
lobe.'  A  little  lobe.  Mr.  Kiernan  uses  the  term 
lobule,  for  the  acinus  of  the  liver  of  many  anato- 
mists. 

Lobule  of  the  Corpus  Striatum,  Insula  ce- 
rebri—  1.  of  the  Ear,  Lobe  of  the  Ear  —  1.  of  the 
Plssure  of  Sylvius,  Insula  cerebri — /.  dn  p.,ir,  Lo- 
bulus  Spigelii— 1.  of  the  Liver,  see  Liver — 1.  of  the 
Lang,  see  Pulmo — 1.  Pneumogastric,  Flocculus. 

LOBUU,   see    Lobulus  —  1.    Pulmonal 
Pulmo. 

LOBULUS  ACCESSORIUS  ANTERIOR 
QUADRATUS,  L  anonymus. 

Loit't us  seu  Lobus  AjrOR'TVUS,    /..  * 
rins    antt'rior     auad ra'tun,     /,.     quadra' t us,     (  K.  ) 

Eminence  port*  antirieure.  This  is  situate  in  the 
liver  between  the  passage  f<>r  the  round  ligament 
and  the  gall-bladder,  and  is  less  prominent,  but 
broader,  than  the  Lobnlu*  caudatu*.  From  the 
lobulus  anonymus  a  bridge  runs  across  the  pas- 
sage for  the  round  ligament.  It  is  called  Pons 
seu  Isthmus  he'patis. 


LOBITS 


2     LOISELEURIA   PROCUMBEXS 


Lobulus  seu  Lobus  Caupa'tus,  Processus 
eaudatus.  This  is  merely  the  root  or  one  of  the 
angles  of  the  lobulus  Spigelii,  advancing  towards 
the  middle  of  the  lower  side  of  the  great  lobe, 
and  representing  a  kind  of  tail.  Also,  the  termi- 
nation of  the  helix  and  anthelix  of  the  ear,  which  is 
separated  from  the  concha  by  an  extensive  fissure. 
Lob'ulus  Centra 'lts.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process  of  the 
cerebellum,  situate  in  the  incisura  anterior. 

Lobulus  Nasi,  see  Nasus  —  1.  Pneuraogastri- 
cns,  Flocculus — 1.  Posterior,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Pos- 
ticus papillatus,  L.  Spigelii  —  1.  Quadratus,  L. 
anonyraus — 1.  Renum,  Ferrein,  pyramid  of. 

Lobulus  seu  Lobus  Spige'lii,  L.poste'  rior  seu 
posticus  papilla'tns,  (F.)  Eminence  parte  poste- 
rienre,  Lobule  ou  Petit  lobe  du/oie,  Lobe  de  Spi- 
t/el ou  duodenal  ou  pancreatique,  is  situate  near 
the  spine,  upon  the  left  side  of  the  great  lobe  of 
the  liver,  and  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  projecting, 
like  a  nipple,  between  the  cardia  and  vena  cava, 
at  the  small  curvature  of  the  stomach. 

LOBUS,  Lobe,  see  Lobulus  —  1.  Quadrangula- 
ris,  see  Cerebellum  —  1.  Semilunaris,  see  Cere- 
bellum— 1.  Superior  anterior,  see  Cerebellum  —  1. 
Superior  posterior,  see  Cerebellum. 

LOCAL,  Loca'lis.  Top'icu*,  Jfer'icus,  Partia'lis, 
Top'ical,  (F.)  Locale,  Topiqne.  An  affection  is 
called  local  —  Morbus  Loca'lis,  —  when  confined 
to  a  part,  without  implicating  the  general  system  ; 
or.  at  all  events,  only  secondarily.  Local  is  thus 
opposed  to  general.  A  local  or  topical  application 
is  one  used  externally.     See  Topical. 

LOCH.  Looch. 

LOCHADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LOCHI'A  or  LO'CLUA,  Pnrgamen'ta  Puerpe'- 
rii  seu  U'teri,  Purga'tio  puerpe'rii,  Lyma,  from 
)>9^oj,  'a  woman  in  childbed,'  Xo^na,  'parturi- 
tion:' (F.)  Suites  de  couches,  Vidanges.  The 
cb-ansings.  A  sero-sanguineous  discharge  follow- 
ing delivery.  During  the  first  two  or  three  days, 
it  is  bloody:  but  afterwards  becomes  green-co- 
lour? I. — green  waters — and  exhales  a  disagreeable 
and  peculiar  odour.  The  lochia,  in  different 
stages,  have  received  the  names  Lochia  cruen'ta, 
Jj.  sero'sa  and  L.  alba  seu  muco'sa  seu  lac'tea. 
The  duration,  quantity,  and  character  of  the  dis- 
charge vary  according  to  numerous  circumstan- 
ces. It  flows  from  the  part  of  the  uterus  which 
formed  a  medium  of  communication  between  the 
mother  and  foetus,  and  continues,  usually,  from 
14  to  21  days.      See  Parturition. 

L0CHI0C03LirTIS,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCIirODOCHIUM.  Lochodochium. 

LOCHIOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHIORRHAG"IA,  from  lochia,  and  pvyvvpi. 
'I  make  an  irruption.'  An  immoderate  flow  of 
the  lochia.  Hemorrhage  from  the  uterus  in  the 
child-bed  state. 

LOCHIORRHCE'A,  from  lochia,  and  pvo,  'I 
flow.'  Discharge  or  immoderate  discharge  of  the 
lochia. 

LOCHIORUM  RETEXTIO,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHTOSCHESIS,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHOCH.  Looch. 

LOCHODOCHPUM,  Loch  iodochi' urn,  from 
>i^o?.  'a  female  in  childbed,'  and  Se\onai,  'I  re- 
ceive.' An  institution  for  the  reception  of  preg- 
nant and  childbed  females.     A  Lying-in-hospital. 

LOCHOMETRITIS.  see  Metritis.' 

LOCHOMETROPIILEBITIS.  see  Phlebitis. 

LOCHOOPHORITIS,  see  Oaritis. 

LOCHOPERITONITIS,  see  Peritonitis. 

LOCHOS,  Puerpera. 

LOCI,  Uterus— 1.  Muliebres,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

LOCK  HOSPITAL.  A  terra  of  uncertain 
origin,  generally  given  to  venereal  hospitals  in 
Great  Britain. 


LOCKED  JAW,  Trismus. 
LOCKING,  Coxofemoral  articulation. 
LOCOMOTILITY,  see  Locomotion. 
LOCOMO'TION,    Locomo'tio,    from    locus,    'a 
place,'  and  movere,  mot  urn, 'to  move.'     An  action 
peculiar  to  animal   bodies,  by  which   they  trans- 
port themselves  from  place  to  place.     It,  as  well 
as  musculation,  has  also  been  used  for  the  func- 
tion of  animal  movements.     The  faculty  is  some- 
times called  Locomotiv' ity  and  Locomotil'ity. 

Locomotion  of  am  Artery,  is  the  movement 
produced  in  the  vessel  with  a  curvature,  by  the  im- 
pulse of  the  blood  sent  from  the  heart,  which 
tends  to  straighten  the  artery,  and  causes  the 
movement  in  question. 

LOCOMOTIYITY,  see  Locomotion. 
LOCULAMENTA  COLI.  see  Colon.- 
LOCUS  CINEREUS,  Substantia  ferruginea. 
Locus  Niger,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Brain. 
Locus  Perfora'tus  Anti'cus  seu  Axte'rior. 
A  triangular  flat  surface  of  the  brain,  which  cor- 
responds to  the  posterior  extremity  of  each   ol- 
factory process   in    front   of  the  optic  tract,  and 
near  the  entrance  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.     Sub- 
stantia seu  Lam'ina  perfora'ta  ante'rior. 

Locus  Perforatus  Posticus,  see  Tarini  pons. 
LOCUST,  BLACK,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia. 
Locust  Eaters,  Acridophagi — 1.  Plant,  Cassia 
Marilandica — I.  Tree,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia. 
Locust,  Yellow,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 
LODGED,  Wedged. 
LODOICEA.  see  Coco  of  the  Maldives. 
LOECHE,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF,  Leuk, 
mineral  waters  of. 
LCEME,  Plague. 
LCEMIA,  Plague. 
LCEMICUM.  see  Loemology. 
LC3M0CH0L0SIS,  Fever,  yellow. 
LCEMOCOMI'UM,  from  Xo'ipos,  'plague,'  and 
Koptu),  '  I  take   care   of.'     An   hospital  for  those 
affected  with  plague. 

LOEMOGRAPHY,  Loimography. 
LCEMOLOGIUM,  see  Loemology. 
L  (E  M  0  L  '  0  G  Y,     Lcpmolog"ia,    from     Aoj/ioj, 
'plague,'  and    Xoyog,  'a  description.'     The  doc- 
trine of  plague  and  pestilential  diseases.     A  trea- 
tise on  the  same, — Loe'miciem,  Lcemolog"ium. 
LCEMOPHTHALMIA,  see  Ophthalmia. 
LCEMOPYRA,  Plague. 
LCEMOS,  Plague. 
LOGADES,  Sclerotic. 
LOGADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LOGIA'TROS,  Logia'ter;  from  \oyos,  'a  word/ 
and  larpog,  'a  physician.'  In  the  bad  sense,  a 
physician  without  experience:  a  mere  theorist. 
In  the  good  sense,  a  rational  physician  ;  one  who 
treats  disease  according  to  theoretical  or  scien- 
tific principles. 

LOGONEURO'SES,  from  Xoyog,  'mind,  reason,' 
and  vevpov,  'a  nerve.'     Diseases    of  the    mental 
activity. — Romberg. 
LOGOS.  Reason. 

LOGWOOD,  Haeraatoxylon  Campechianum. 
LOG"Y,    Xoyog,  *  a  description.'     A  suffix  de- 
noting 'a  treatise  or  description.'      Hence,  An- 
gio/07?/  and  Neurology,  <tc. 
LOHOCH.  Looch. 
LOTMOCHOLOSTS,  Fever,  yellow. 
LOIMOG'RAPHY,     Loivwgraph'ia,    Lcemog'- 
raphy,  from  Xomog,  'plague,'  and  yoa$u),   'I  de- 
scribe.'    A  description   of  the  plague  and  pesti- 
lential diseases. 

LOIMOLOGY.  Loemology. 
LOIMOS,  Plagne. 
LOINS.  Lumbi. 

LOISELEU'RIA    PROCUM'BENS,     Aza'lea 
procum'bens ;  indigenous:    Order,  Ericaceae;  has 
i  some  reputation  as  an  astringent. 


LOLIACEUM  RADK'E  RF.PENTE 


LOOCII  ROUGE 


LOLIACEUM  RADIOS  REPENTE,  Tritioum 
■/opens. 

LOLIUM  ANNULUM,  L.  temalentam. 

Lo'ucm  Trvulbnt'oy,   /,.  an'muum,   C 
trmiitt  n'tit,   E  n'tus,   Darnel,    (Prov.) 

//  rbe  dTvrogne.  A  - 
of  the  genus  Lolium,  (F.)  hrait  :  Ord.  Grami- 
S  i.  Syst  Triandria  digynia,  which  baa 
decidedly  poisonous  properties;  occasioning,  when 
nixed  in  bread  or  boor,  intoxication,  vertigo, 
nausea.  and  vomiting. 

LOMBAIRE,  Lumbar. 

LOMBES,  Lutnbi. 

LOJI BO- ABDOMINAL,  Transversalia  abdo- 
minis—  I.  Costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior  —  /. 
Onsto-trachSlien,  Sacro-lumbalis — /.  Dorso-epinat, 
Transversalia  dorsi — I.  Dorso-tracl 
pimaa  dorai  —  I.  Humeral,  Latissitnus  dorsi —  I. 
Sacrf,  Lumbo-saoral. 

LOMBRIC,  Ascaria  lumbriooides. 

/.  0  \/BRfC  I  rx,  Lumbricales. 

LOMBRICOlDE,  Aacaria  luuibricoides. 

L0NCHAD1  -  3     nrotic. 

LONCHADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LONCHITIS,  Polypodiuui  filis  mas. 

LONG,  Longus,  Macro*.  That  which  is  much 
greater  in  length  than  in  breadth  :  as  the  long 
The  epithet  is.  also,  applied  to  several 
muscles,  to  distinguish  them  from  others  of  simi- 
lar function,  when  the  latter  are  shorter.  We 
lay,  for  instance,  long  flexors,  and  long  extensors, 
\rt  flexors,  ands&ort  extensors. 

LONG  DU  COU,  Longus  colli  —  I.   du   Dos, 
I  irana  dorsi. 

LONG^VUS,  Macrobiotic. 

LONG  VNON,  Rectum. 

LONG  VON,  Rectum. 

LONG  vs.  Rectum. 

LONGEVITY,  Longa' vitas,  from  longus, 
'long,'  and  avum,  'aire.'  Macrobio'sis,  Macrobi'- 
i  he  prolongation  of  existence  to  an  ad- 
vanced age.  Heller  collected  examples  of  more 
than  one  thousand  centenarians,  lie  had  know- 
•f  sixty-two  persona  aged  from  110  to  120 
years;  of  twenty-nine,  from  120  to  1.".0  years: 
and  of  fifteen,  who   had  attained  from  130  to  1  10 

Beyond  this  advanced  age,  exam] 
longevity  are  much  more  rare  and  less  sufficiently 
attested. 

The  following  list  of  instances  of  very  advanced 
ages  has  been  given  : 

Lived.  Age. 

Apolloniua  of  Tvana A.  D.  99... 130 

St.  Patrick 491...122 

Attila   500. ..124 

Llywarcb  lien 500. ..150 

618...120 

Piaatua,  King  of  Poland 861...120 

Thomas   Purr lfi:55...152 

H-nrv  Jenkina •....  1R70...109 

Cdunteaa  of  Deamond 1612...1  15 

-  Damme 1648. ..154 

Peter  Torten 1724...185 

Margaret  Patten 1739. ..137 

John  Rovin  and  wife 17  11  ...172  and  164 

'    lagh  or  Kentigen 1781. ..185 

Longevity  alan  means  length  or  duration  of  life, 
i1"      /'•■'.    de  la  vie.     The   mean  age   at    death. 
(P.)  I  !e  mnyenne,  of  different  olassea  and  profes- 
li  >na  enables  an  estimate  to  be    formed   of  the 
rffon  or  value  of  life  in 
UNG,  Malacia. 
LONGISSIMOS,  superlative  of  longus,  'long.1 
\    term    applied    to    parts,    which    are 
■r  in  their  relation  to  others. 
LONOTS'SIMUS  DORSI,  Semi  y.inn't,,*,  (P.) 
Lombo-doreo-traehflii  n,  Portion  costo-trachilienne 
du  eacro-ephtml   (Ch.),  Lung  dorsal,  Long  du  dos, 


is  situate  vertically  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  and  tills,  in  a  great  measure,  the  \e  | 

furrows.     It  is  thick  and  almost  Bquare  below; 
thin  and  pointed  above.     It    is  attached  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  to  the  trai 
processes  of  all  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  vei 
and  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  7  or 
It  maintains  the  vertebral  column  iii  a  straight 
position  :  straightens  it  when  bent  forwards,  and 
can  even  carry  it  back.      It  also  assists  in  the  ro- 
tatory motion  of  the  trunk. 

LoNGISSlMDS  FemoRIS,  Sartorius —  1.  Oculi, 
Obliquua  superior  oculi. 

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS,  Preabytia. 

LONGUS,  Long. 

LONGUS  COLLI,  (F.)  Pre"  dorso-eervical,  Pr$- 
dorvo-atluidien,  (Ch..)  Long  du  con.  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the 
vertebra]  column.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  bi 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  which  aro 
pointed.  It  la  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  dorsal  and  last  six 
cervical  vertebra;  to  the  intervertebral  ligaments  ; 
to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  trans  vers  ■ 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebrae  :  and  to  the  tuber- 
cle on  the  anterior  arch  of  the  first  This  muscle 
bends  the  cervical  vertebrae  Upon  each  other  and 
upon  the  dorsal  vertebra1.  If  the  upper  portion 
acts  on  one  side  only,  it  occasions  the  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  vertebra  dentata;  and,  conse- 
quently, of  the  head  on  the  neck. 

LONICERA  GERMANICA,L.  Periclymenum 
— 1.  Marilandica,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Lonice'ra  Pe»iclym'rwpm,  L.  German' ica, 
Periclym'ennm,  P.  oulga're,  Caprifo'lium,  ('.  I'.  ri- 
elym'ennm  sen  eylvaficum  sen  distinct' urn,  Common 
Woodbine,  Honeysuckle,  (Prov.)  Suckling,  (F.) 
Cherrs-feuille.  This  common  plant  is  slightly 
astringent  and  tonic,  and  was  formerly  much  used 
in  garg 

Lomch'ha  Sempervi'rkns,  Capri/o'lium  sen* 
pervirens,  Scarlet  or  Trumpet  Honeysuckle.  Ord. 
Caprifoliaoea  :  indigenous.  A  syrup  of  the 
leaves  is  said  to  have  been  given  in  asthma  and 
in  amygdalitis.  [?] 

LONK,  Coxofemoral  articulation. 

LOOCII,  Lohoch,  Loch,  Lochoch,  Looeh,  of 
Arabic  extraction.  A  linctus.  See  Eclegtua  and 
Eclectos. 

LOOCH    ABSQTTfi     EmTJLSTO'nH   PABA'TUM,   Look 

prepare  son*  Emulsion  ;  Looch  prepared  without 
emulsion,  (f'u'r.  <j.  traij.  gr.  XVJ — gr.  XXX,  ot 
amygd.  dulc.  "z,**.,  sacchar.  gj,  aqua  ,^iij.  aouce 
fior.  aurant.  jij.  Mix  by  rubbing  in  a  marble 
mortar.)      Demulcent. 

Loocri  Album,  L.  amygdali'num,  Linctus  offms 
sen  nmygdalinus  sen  eofWfwu'wtV,  Ecleg'ma  album 
sen  gummo'so-oleo'sum,  (F.)  Looch  blane,  I .  I>. 
amygdalin,  L.  b.  pectoral.  [Amygd.  dm 
amygd.  amor.  No.  ij.  sacchar.  alb,  {£\v.  Make  an 
emulsion  by  gradually  adding  giv  of  voter.  Then 
take  pulv.  tragaeanth.  gr.  xvj.  ol.  amygd.  dulc, 
recent.  ^,**,  saceh.  >Jij.  Add  the  almond  milk 
gradually  to  this,  and  afterwards  aq.fior.  aurant, 
^ij.  /'//.  P.)      It  la  demulcent  and  pectoral. 

Looca  \m  v<;i>  \'.!\c.M,  li.  allium  —  /.  Blanc,  L. 
album — 1.  cum    Croco  ot   pistaciis,  L.  viride  —  1. 

I,.    e\     |  >\o. 

Looch  kx  Ovo,  L.  pectoro'li  len'iens,  /' 
emul'sio  sen  mistu'ra  len'iens  sea  oleo'sa,   Looeh 
of  Egg,  (F.)  Look  d*aruf,  Looch  rouge,  /. 
huifcuse,  Mixture  caiman te,  Potion  pectorals,  l.<<  t 
adoucissant.     (Vitell,  ovi.  recent,  5ss,  "/.  . 
dulc.  J^iss,  syrup,  althaa,  ,^j.      Ruh   in  a  mortar, 
and    add    by  degrees,    "'/•  flor.   aurant.  t^j,  aq, 
papav.  rhotad.  5rj.     /'//.  /'.)     Virtu 
as  the  preceding. 

LOOCH  ROUGE,  L.  ex  Ovo  —  I.  Vert,  L. 
viride. 


LOOK 


554 


LOZENGES 


Loocn  Viu'lDE,  L.  cum  croce  et  pista'ciis,  (F.) 
Louch  vert.  [Syrup.  Violar.  t^j.  tinct.  croei  gtt. 
xx.,  aqucB  ^iv.  Mix,  and  add  pistacias  scmin.  sice. 
gvj.     Ph.  P.)     Virtues  like  the  last. 

LOOK,  Looch  —  I.  d'CEuf,  Looch  ex  ovo — I. 
Prepare  su?is  emulsion,  Looch  absque  einulsione 
para  tu  in. 

LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPING,  Lysimachia 
nummularia — 1.  s.  Four-leaved,  Lysimachia  quad- 
rifolia. 

LOOSENESS,  Diarrhoea  — 1.  of  the  Teeth, 
Odontoseisis. 

LOPEZ  RADIN,  Radix  lopezia'na  seu  Tn'- 
diea  lopezia'na.  The  root  of  an  unknown  Indian 
tree,  not  possessed  of  any  remarkable  smell  or 
taste,  or  of  any  appearance  of  resinous  matter. 
It  has  been  extolled,  notwithstanding,  in  cases  of 
colliquative  diarrhoea.  Gaubius  compares  its  ac- 
tion to  that  of  simarouba,  but  thinks  it  more 
efficacious. 

LOPHADIA,  Lophia, 

LOPHIA,  Lopha'dia,  \o<pia.     The  upper  part 
of  the  neck.     The  first  vertebra  of  the  back  — 
Ver'tebra  dorsi  prima. — Gorraeus. 
LOPIMA,  Fagus  castanea. 

LOQUACITY,  Garni' I  Has;  from  loquor,  'I 
speak.  (F.)  Babillement.  The  act  of  speaking 
with  volubility.  It  is  sometimes  a  symptom  of 
disease,  and  is  observable  in  hysteria,  &c. 

LOQUELA.  Voice,  articulated  —  1.  Abolita, 
Aphonia  —  1.  Bleesa,  Balbuties  —  1.  Impedita,  Bu- 
ry phoni  a. 

LORDO'SIS,  Lordn'ma,  from  Xop^og,  'curved,' 
'bent.'  Bepanda'tio,  Jlepan'ditas.  A  name  given 
to  curvatures  of  the  bones  in  general;  and  par- 
ticularly to  that  of  the  vertebral  column  forwards  : 
Spina  dorsi  intror'snm  jle.ra,  Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
This  gives  rise  to  the  projection  of  the  sternum 
called  chicken-breasted  or  pigeon-breasted.  Pec- 
tus carina'tum,  Pig"eon  breast,  narrow  chest. 

LORIXD    MATRFCIS,    Epilepsia    uteri'na, 
Convulsi'vus  ute'ri   morbus,     A  barbarous    name 
given  to  a  pretended  epilepsy  of  the  womb. 
LORIPES,  see  Kyllosis. 
LORUS,  Hydrargyrum. 
LOT,  Urine. 

LOTA  MOLVA.  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  1. 
Vulgaris,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

LOTIO,  Enema,  Lotion  —  1.  Cupri  sulphatis 
camphorata,  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates  —  1. 
Rubra,  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates. 

Lotio  Rubra,  Bed  wash,  (Hydrarg.  chlorid. 
enrrosiv.  gr.  xviii ;  H.  sulphureti  rubr.  gr.  ix ; 
Creasot.  TT^  vi ;  Aquce  ft^viij.  May  be  used  in 
the  proportion  of  f  ^j  ;  to  from  f^i  to  f ^iij  of 
water;  like  the  yellow  wash. 
Lotio  Saponacea,  see  Sapo. 
LO'TION,  Lo'tio.  Lotu'ra,  from  lavare  lotum, 
'to  wash.'  (F.)  Hydrolotif  Hydrole.  A  fluid 
external  application.  Lotions  are  ordinarily  ap- 
plied by  wetting  linen  in  them  and  keeping  it  on 
the  part  affected. 

Lotion,  Barlow's,  Lotion  of  Snlph'uret  of 
potass'ium.  (Potassii  sulphur,  giij  ;  Sapon.  ^iss; 
Aq.  Calcis,  f^viiss  ;  alcohol,  dilut.  f^ij.  M.) 
Used  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

Lotion,  Camph'orated,  op  Bates,  Bates  s 
camph'orated  water,  Lo'tio  cupri  sulpha'tis  cam- 
phora'ta,  Lo'tio  rubra,  Red  wash.  (Cupri  sufphat. 
^ij  ;  Bol.  rubr.  Jij  ;  Camphor,  5Jss  ;  Aq.  bullient. 
Oij.  Strain  through  linen,  f^ij  of  this,  added 
to  f.^iv  of  water,  forms  Bates's  Collyrium,  Col- 
lyr'ium  Batea'num,  which  may  also  be  made  ex- 
temporaneously as  follows  :  —  Cupri  sulphat.  gr. 
viij  :  boli,  gr.  viij  ;  Camphor,  gr.  ij  ;  Aq.  bullient. 
f^viij.     Mix  and  filter. 

Lotion,  Febure's.  A  cancer  remedy,  which 
consisted  of  arsenic,  gr.  x;  water,  Oj  ;  extract  of 


hemlock,  ,^j  :    Liquor  Plumbi   subacetatis,  f.^iij; 
laudanum,  f^j- 

Lotion,  Gowland's.  An  empirical  prepara- 
tion. (Bitter  almonds,  l^y,  sugar,  3 ij  ;  distilled 
water,  tbij.  Grind  together,  strain,  and  add  cor- 
rosive sublimate,  ^ij,  previously  ground  with  sp. 
vini  red.  3'J-)      Used  in  obstinate  eruptions. 

Lotion,  Granville's  Counter- Irritant, 
Granville's  Lotion,  Granville's  avtid'ynons  lotion. 
Of  this  lotion,  Dr.  Granville  gives  two  forma  —  a 
milder,  and  a  stronger.  The  milder  is  made  as 
follows:  Liq.  amnion,  fort.  ft^j  ;  Sp.  Roam ar in. 
f  gvj  ;  Tinct.  camphor,  fgij,  M. 

The  stronger  is  made  as  follows  :  Liq.  ammon. 
fort,  f gx ;  Spir.  Rosmar.  i^ss;  Tinct.  camplior, 
f£ij,  M. 

The  stronger  lotion  vesicates  rapidly.  A  piece 
of  cotton  or  linen  folded  six  or  seven  times,  or  a 
piece  of  thick  flannel  may  be  imbued  with  them, 
and  laid  for  a  few  minutes  ou  the  part  to  be  irri- 
tated. 

The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Li  ui  men' turn 
Ammo'uice  Compos' itum,  Compound  Liniment  of 
Ammonia,  which  is  a  close  imitation  of  Gran- 
ville's Lotion. 

Lotion,  Hannay's.  Preven'tire  wash.  This 
famous  nostrum  for  the  prevention  of  venereal 
infection,  was  nothing  more  than  a  solution  of 
caustic  potass. 

LOTION,  HYDROCYANIC,  Lotio  Ac"idi  Hydro- 
cyan' ici.  (Hydrocyanic  acid,  f^iv:  rectified  spirit 
of  trine,  f  ijj  ;  distilled  water,  i'^xss.)  Used  with 
much  success  in  impetigo,  Ac. 

Lotion,  Struve's,  for  Uooping-Copgh.  (An- 
tim.  et  Potass,  tart,  ^j  :  AqucB,  ^ij.  Add  tinct. 
cantharid.  ^j.) 

LOTTUM,   Urine. 

LOTURA.  Lotion. 

LOTUS  SYLVESTRIS,  Trifolium  melilotus— 
1.  Virginiana,  Diospvros  Vir^iniana. 

LOUCHEMENT,  Strabismus. 

LOUCHES.  see  Strabismus. 

LOUPE,  Wen. 

LOUSE,  Pediculus. 

LOUSINESS,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUSY  DISEASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOl'TRON,  Bath. 

LOVAGE.  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LOVE,  Eros,  Amor,  from  Sax.  lupian,  (G.) 
li  eben,  '  to  love.'  (F.)  Amour.  A  tender  and 
elevated  feeling,  which  attracts  one  sex  to  the 
other.  Love  is  occasionally  a  cause  of  disease, 
especially  of  insanity. 

Love  Apple  Plant,  Solanum  lycopersicum — 
1.  Begot,  Illegitimate  —  1.  Child,  Illegitimate  —  1. 
Pea,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LOW  SPIRITS.  Hypochondriasis. 

LOWER.  TUBERCLE  OF,  Tuber'culum  Lmr- 
eri.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  a  small 
projection,  the  existence  of  which  is  by  no  means 
constant,  and  which  is  found  in  the  sinus  venosus, 
between  the  superior  and  inferior  cava. 

LOXAR'THRUS,  Loxar'thrum,  from  >^s, 
'oblique,'  and  apSpov,  'articulation.'  (F.)  Perver- 
sion de  la  tete  des  os  et  des  muscles.  A  vicious 
deviation  or  direction  of  the  joints,  without  spasm 
or  luxation, — as  in  clubfoot. 

LOXIAS,  Torticollis. 

LOXOPHTHALMUS,  Strabismus. 

LOZANGIA,  Lozenge. 

LOZENGE,  Tabella. 

LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabellje  cinchona?  —  1. 
of  Catechu  and  magnesia,  Tabellae  antiinoniales 
Kunckelii  —  1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini  pastilli  —  1. 
for  the  Heart-burn,  Trochisci  carbonatis  cab  is  — 
1.  Magnesia,  Tabellae  de  magnesia — 1.  of  Marsh- 
mallows,  Tabellae  de  althaea  —  1.  of  Oxalic  acid, 
Tabellaa  acidi  oxalici  —  1.  Pectoral,  black,  Tro- 
ll chisci  glycyrrhizas  glabrae — 1.  Pectoral,  of  erne- 


LIT. I  DO 


LUMBI 


tine,  Trochisci  emetinss  pecboralei —  1.  Rhubarb, 

Tabellse  da  rheo  —  1.  of  Scammony  ud  senna, 

scammenio  el  senna —  1. 

Spina's,  see  Trochisci  glycyrrhissa  oum  opio —  1. 
ferro  —  1.  Bteel,  aromatic,  see 
e  de  ferro— 1.  Sulphur,  simple,  Tabellsa  de 
sulphurs  simpliees —  1.  Sulphur,  oomponnd,  Ta- 
bellse de  sulphurs  composites  —  1.  of   Sulpbnret 
of  antimony,  Tabellse  antimoniales   Kunckelii — 
f/rochisci  glyeyrrhisse  ran  opio  —  1. 
\\'..i  in  lozenges,  I  Chin  - 
LI  BIDO,  Libido — 1.  Enteetini,  Voluntas 
dendi. 

LUBRICANT1  \.  Demnleents,  Emollients. 
LUBRICUM  CAPUT,  Pen*. 
LUCCA,  MINERAL  WATERS  AND  CLI- 
||  \  li;  OF.  The  batbs  and  waters,  near  this 
ancient  Italian  city,  have  been  long  celebrated. 
They  are  thermal,  and  resemble,  in  properties. 
those  of  Piombieres  in  Prance,  ami  of  Bath 
England.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphates 
of  alumina,  soda,  magnesia,  and  iron.  There  are 
ten  different  sources,  the  temperature  of  which 
varies  from  !U°  to  l:;U°  Fahr.  * 

Lucca  is  much  frequented  in  summer;  partly 
on  account  of  its  mineral  waters,  but  more  on 
account  of  the  coolness  of  the  situation. 

LI  CID,   Lu'eidua,  from    Ineeo,  *I  shine.1     In 

medicine,  the  word  lurid  is  particularly  applied 

interval*,    Interval' la  lu'eida,  of  apparent 

Peas which  OPCUr  in  mental  alienation. 

[PER -MATCH -MAKERS'    DISEASE, 
- 
LUCIP'UGUS,    from    lux,   lueie,   'light,'  and 
'to  shun.'    Pkotoph' obui,  Photophob'tcue. 
J  i      iding  or  avoiding  the  light. 
LUCINA,  Elitbyia. 
LUCOMANIA,  Lycanthropla. 
/.  /   ''/'/'/:  UX  (P.),    Luetuo'eut,    'mournful.' 
Plaintive.     An  epithet  npplied  to  the  respiration 
— (F.)  Respiration  luctueuee — when  accompanied 
by  mooning. 

I.I  ''I 'MA,  (S.)  A  fruit  which  grows  in  the 
southern  provinces  of  the  cast  of  Peru,  and  the 
north  of  Chill  It  is  round;  and  the  gray-brown 
hu-k  encloses  a  fibrous,  dry,  yellow-coloured  fruit 
with  its   kernel. — Tschudi. 

LUCUMORIA'NUS,  probably  from  lux, '  light,' 
and  morari,  'to  tarry.'  Continuing  for  several 
day-:  hence,  Dormit"io  lueumoria'na.  A  morbid 
sleep  persisting  for  several  days. 

1.1  bl"S  HELMON'TH,  L,  Paraeel'ri,  Fel 
terra.  A  calcareous  Btone,  the  precise  nature  not 
known,  which  was  used  by  the  ancients  in  caleu- 
The  term  was  also  applied  to 
every  Bpecies  of  calculous  concretion  occurring 
in  the  animal  body. 

•  P  \<-  icblsi,  L.  Helmontii. 

LUDWIG'IA  PALUS'TRIS,  L.nit,ida,I»narf- 

dia  pahu'trit,    Water   Purefaine,  Phthieia    Weed. 

i  :   indigenous.     An  infusion  of 

the  dried  plant  has  been  nsed  as  a  pectoral  in 

asthma  and  chronic  coo 

LUE  Plague,  Syphilis  —  1.  Dirina, 

nteriea,  Dysentery — 1.  Gonor- 
rhoea, Gonorrhoea  impura — 1.  Gutturis  epidemi- 
nanche  maligna  —  1.  Indies,  Fratnboesia — 
1.  [nguinaria,  Plague — I.  Pannonim,  Fever,  Bun- 
1.  Polonica,  Plica — 1.  Sarmatiea.  Plica — 1. 
-  .  philis— 1.  Syphilodes,  Syphili 
philis — 1.  Trichomatica,   Plica — 1.  V 
Purpura. 
LUETTE,    Uvula  —  /.   VSrieale,  see    Urinary 
bladder. 
I.I   G 

DUS,  Erysi] 
LUJULA,  Oxslis  acetosella. 
LULL  \i;V  SPEECH,  Lallation. 
LUMBA'GO,  from  litmbi,  '  the  loin?.'  Arthro'- 


m'u    IiivJi'i'rinn,    Lumbago 

inui'iva,  Rackirrheu'ma,   Raehiorrheu'ma,   lihm- 

I'lntis' iniiH    i/nrsa'/is,      O-j./i  i/rrln  ii'ma.       Khcllliia- 

tism  affecting  the  lumbar  region. 

Lntnba'go  peoad'iea,  L,  apoetemato'ea,  I.,  ab 
artkrov'aci.     Pain  in  the  loins  :,  -.     See 

Psoitis. 

I.i  Mr.  v<;o  a  Nisu,  see  Effort. 
LUMBAR,  Lumba'ritBOU  Lumba'lU, (P.)  lorn- 
baire.     From   lumbi,  'the   loins.'     Belonging  or 

having  reference  to  the  loins. 

Lumbab    Abscess,   Peoas    abeeeee,  Apoete'ma 

jixnitt' ivKin,  Abecet'mt  lumbo'rnm,  Morbus  fi-<,u<i'- 
icii8.  This  aliscess  is  so  called  from  the  matter 
being  found  on  the  side  of  the  psoas  mu 
betwixt  that  and  the  iliacus  interims.  Between 
these  muscles  is  s  quantity  of  loose,  areolar  sub- 
stance; and  when  an  abscess  takes  place  there, 
it  can  find  no  outlet  except  by  a  distant  course. 
Generally,  it  descends  along  the  psoas  muscle, 
forming  a  swelling  immediately  beneath  Pou- 
part's  ligament;  at  times,  however,  it  extends 
down  the  thigh  under  the  fascia.  Severe  hectic 
follows  the  bursting  of  the  abscess,  and  often 
death.  Its  causes  are,  —  scrofula,  injury  to  the 
loins,  &c. 

When,  from  the  pain  of  the  bach  continuing 
for  some  time,  with  other  symptoms,  the 
is  suspected,  caustics,  or  the  moxa.  applied  op- 
posite the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, may  be  recommended:  and,  when  the  ab- 
scess is  ready  for  opening,  it  may  be  emptied  by 
repeated  discharges  of  the  matter,  through  s 
small  opening,  made  with  a  lancet,  or  .-mall, 
lancet-pointed  trocar.  The  medical  treatment 
consists  in  supporting  the  system,  under  the 
great  restorative  efforts  required  of  it. 

LUMBAR  ArtKRIBS  are  four  or  live  in  number 
on  each  side.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  and  pass  behind  the  muscles 
situate  in  front  of  the  lumbar  portion  of  the  spine, 
to  gain  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen.  They 
give  off,  1.  Spinal  branches.  2.  Anterior,  poste- 
rior, and  external  muscular  brand 

Lumbar  Nerves  are  five  in  number,  and  issue 

from  the  vertebral  column  by  the  spinal  foramina 
of  the  loins.  The  first  lumbar  nerve  givi 
three  branches: — the  external  or  ilio-eerotal  ,•  the 
middle  or  inguino-cutaneoue,  and  the  internal  or 
infra-ptibian.  Along  with  the  three  pairs  below 
it,  it  forms  the  lumbar  plexus. 

Lumbar   I'mm^,  Portion  l><u)},.<'irr  ,hi  pteru* 
crural    (  Ch. ),    I'lrxus   Lombo-abdominal.      This 
plexus  is  formed    by  the  union    of  the  Ranii  con). 
mumcan'te*  of  the  anterior   branches   of  the  first 
four  lumbar  nerves.     It  is  situate  behind  th( 
muscle,  and  before  the  transverse  proci  - 
the  lumbar  vertebra.     It  furnishes,  besides  the 
branches  which  proceed  from  the  first  pair, 
nil   filaments,   that   are    distributed   to   the   psoas 
muscle,  to  the  iliacus,  the  integments,  and  glands 
of  the  groin;  and  three  great  branches — the  cru- 
ra/, obturator,  and  lumbo-naerah 

Lumbar  1!  seioif,  Lumbi. 

Li  MUAit  Veins  have  an  arrangement  analogous 
to  that  id' the  arteries  sf  the  same  name.  They 
communicate  with  the  vertebral  sinuses,  asygous 

veins.  Ac.,  and  pass  info  the  vena  cava  it. 

LUMBARI8  EXTERNU8,  Quadrates  lumbo- 

rum — 1.  Interim-.   I  JUUS. 

I, I'M  111.  The  loin  or  lain*,  /.»//</<</<•  region, 
(Old  Eng.)  Lende,  (So.)  Lendie:  Re'gio  lum- 
Iki'/i'h,  Lap'ara,  Peon,  plural  /'•■  . 
/.'<  in*,  |  V.  i  Lombee.  The  posterior  regione 
abdomen,  composed  between  the  bass  of  the  eh<  ct 
ami  the  pelvis.  The  parts  which  enter  in  to  the 
formstion  of  the  lumbar  region  are. — the  i^kin:  a. 
considerable  quantity  of  areolar  texture;  brosd 
and  -trong  aponeuroses j  —  the  LatitriniU*  JJorni, 


LUMBO-SACRAL 


55  6 


LUTE 


OLliquus  exferntw,  and  Obliqum  interim*  abdomi- 
nis, Transversal  is  abdominis,  Quadratus  In  mho- 
rum,  and  the  mas?  common  to  tlie  Sacro-lumbali*, 
Longissimus  dorsi,  and  Mtdtifidnt  spina.     These 

muscles  surround  the  lumbar  region  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  The  vessels,  nerves,  <fcc,  of  the 
loins,  are  called  lumbar. 

LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging  to  the  lumbar 
and  sacral  regions.  (F.)  Lombo-sacre.  Bichat 
culls  thus  a  very  large  nerve,  given  off  from  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  fifth  lumbar  pair,  which 
descends  into  the  pelvis  before  the  sacrum  to  join 
the  sciatic  plexus. 

LUMBRICA'LIS,  Vermicula'ris.  Resembling 
a  lumhricus,  or  '  earthworm.'  A  name  given  to 
small  muscles,  (F.)  Lombricaux,  met  with  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand  and  sole  of  the  foot.  , 

LuMBRICALES  MaxC'S,  Fidicina'le*,  Flexor  pri- 
ini  interna' dii  digito'rum  mauds  seu  perfora'tits 
Inmbrica'lie,  (F.)  Ann  id  i  -tend!  no  -  phalangitis, 
Palmi -phalangitis.  Four  small,  fleshy,  thin, 
round,  long,  fusiform  fasciculi,  situate  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand,  and  distinguished  into  first, 
second,  third,  and  fourth,  counting  from  without 
to  within.  They  arise  from  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  communis  digitorum.  and  are  inserted  at 
the  outer  and  posterior  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  first  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fin- 
gers. These  muscles  bend  the  fingers  on  the 
metacarpus,  and  fix  the  tendons  of  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis. 

LuMBPJCVLES  Pkdis,  (F.)  Planti-fendino-pha- 
langiens,  Planti-sous-phalangiens,  (Ch.)  They 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  hand  in  form,  num- 
ber, and  arrangement.  They  increase  the  flexion 
of  the  toes,  and  draw  them  inwards. 

LUMBRICUS,  Ascaris  lumbricoides  —  1.  La- 
tus.  Bothriocephalus  latus,  Taenia  solium  —  1. 
Teres  hominis,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LUMBUS  VENERIS,  Achillea  millefolium. 

LUMEN,  Light,  Pupil  — 1.  Constans,  Phos- 
phorus.    v 

LUMTERE,  Light. 

LUMINOSITY,  Phosphorescence. 

LUNA,  Argentum,  Moon  —  1.  Albini,  Sciatic 
notch,  lesser  —  1.  Imperfecta,  Bismuth  —  1.  Pota- 
bilis.  Argenti  nitras. 

LUNACY,  see  Lunatic. 

LUNAR,  Lunatic 

LUNA'RE  OS.  Os  semiluna're.  The  second 
bone  in  the  upper  row  of  the  carpus. 

LUNARIA.  Menses. 

Lexa'ria  Redivj'va.  Leuco'ium,  Bulbonach, 
Stttin,  Honesty.  Said,  by  Ray,  to  be  a  warm 
diuretic. 

LUNARTS,  Lunatic. 

LU'NATIC,  Lunat'icus,  Lunn'ris,  Luna'rius, 
Lunar,  from  luua.  'the  moon.'  Relating  to  the 
moon.  An  epithet  given  to  diseases  which  are 
supposed  to  appear  at  certain  phases  of  the  moon, 
or  to  those  who  are  affected  by  them.  The  term 
lunatic  (Jtfoon'ed.  Moonstruck,  Sclenoble'tus),  is  re- 
stricted to  one  labouring  under  lunacy  or  mental 
alienation,  Demen'tia  accidenta'lis  seu  adven- 
tit"ia,  that  is,  under  any  form  unsoundness  of 
mind,  except  idiocy.  In  law,  a  lunatic  is  one 
who  has  had  an  understanding,  but  by  disease, 
grief,  or  other  accident,  has  lost  the  use  of  his 
reason,  and  become  non  compos  mentis  or  non 
compos. 

LUNATICUS,  Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam- 
bulist. 

LUNATISMUS,  Somnambulism. 

LUNE,  Moon — /.  d'Eau,  Nympha?a  alba, 

LUNELLA.  Hvpopyon. 

LUXES.  Menses. 

LUNETTES  ORDIX AIRES,  Spectacles. 

LUNG,  Pulmo — 1.  Black,  of  coal  miners,  An- 
thracosis — 1.  Cancer  of  the,  Phthisis,  cancerous. 


LuHQ  Fryer,  Catarrh.  Pneumonia. 

Ling.  Perforating  Abscess  of  the.  A  pu- 
rulent collection,  which  forms  exterior  to  the 
lung,  and  afterwards  perforates  its  tissue,  so  that 
it  is  evacuted  through  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Lung  Proof,  Docimasia  pnlmooum — 1.  Wort, 
Pulmonaria — 1.  Wort,  cow's,  Yerbascum  nigrum 
— 1.  Wort,  tree.  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

LUNULA.  Onyx — 1.  Unguium,  see  Nail — 1. 
Scapula?,  Notch,  scapular. 

LUNYIE,  Lumbi. 

LUNYIE-BANE,  Ischion, 

LUPIA,  Encystis,  Wen  —  1.  Junctura,  Spina 
ventosa. 

LUPI'NUS.  Under  this  term  the  white  lupin, 
Lupi'nus  a/'bus  seu  sati'cus,  Ord.  LeuuniinosaB, 
is  meant,  in  some  pharmacopoeias.  The  seeds, 
which  were  much  eaten  in  the  days  of  Pliny  and 
of  Galen,  are  now  neglected.  The  meal  is,  how- 
ever, occasionally  used  as  an  anthelmintic,  and 
as  a  cataplasm. 

LU'POID.  Lupo'i'des,  badly  compounded  from 
Inpus,  and  eiSog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling,  or 
having  the  character  of,  lupus. 

LUPULI'NA,  Lu'pulin,  Lupnlin'ic  glands.  A 
substance  which  exists  in  Hamulus  lupulus  or 
hop.  It  is  in  the  form  of  small,  shining,  yellow- 
ish grains,  which  cover  the  base  of  the  scales  of 
the  hop;  is  pulverulent,  and  of  an  aromatic 
odour.  When  analyzed,  it  is  found  to  contain 
resin,  volatile  oil  in  small  quantity,  and  a  bitter 
principle  —  Lupulite.  It  is  aromatic  and  tonic, 
and — accordinc;  to  some — narcotic. 

LUPULINIC  GLANDS.  Lupulina. 

LUPULITE.  see  Lupulina. 

LUPULUS,  Hamulus  lupulus  —  1.  Communis, 
Humulus  lupulus — 1.  Salictarius,  Humulus  lupu- 
lus— 1.  Scandens,  Humulus  lupulus. 

LUPUS,  '  the  wolf.'  So  named  from  its  rapa- 
city. Lupus  ex'edens  seu  vortuc  seu  dev'oraus, 
Jacob's  Ulcer,  Ulcus  Tuber  euW  sum,  Cancer  seu 
Phymato'sis  lupus,  Xoli  me  tang" ere.  Tubercular 
excrescences,  with  ragged,  spreading  ulcerations, 
chiefly  about  the  alae  nasi,  where  they  destroy 
the  skin,  &e.,  for  some  depth.  Sometimes  they 
appear  in  the  cheek,  circularly,  or  in  the  shape 
of  a  sort  of  ringworm,  destroying  the  substance, 
and  leaving  a  deep  and  deformed  cicatrix.  The 
knife  or  caustic  should  be  used  to  separate  the 
sound  from  the  morbid  parts.  Arsenic  has  been 
given  internally  with  advantage.  See,  also, 
Herpes  exedens,  and  Lycoides. 

Luprs  Cancrosus,  Cancer  —  1.  Devorans.  see 
Lupus — 1.  Exedens,  Lupus — 1.  Yaricosus,  Naevi 
— 1.  Yorax.  Herpes  exedens,  see  Lupus. 

LURCO,  Glutton. 

LURID,  Lu'ridus.  Pale,  yellow,  sallow, — 
applied  to  the  complexion. 

LURKEY-DISH.  Mentha  pulegium. 

LUROR,  Paleness. 

LUS,  Sacrum. 

LUSCIOSITAS,  Luscitas,  Myopia. 

LUSCIOSTJS,  Borgne.  Myops. 

LUS'CITAS,  Luscios'itas,  Luscit"ies>,  Luscit"- 
ion,  from  luscns,  '  a  blinkard,'  Iwciosus,  '  dim- 
sighted.'  Strabismus.  The  term  has  also  been 
given  to  any  case  of  obliquity  in  which  the  eye 
is  fixed  in  an  unnatural  position. — Beer.  The 
obliquity  termed  Cock-eye  is  a  form  of  Luscitas. 

LUSCITIES.  Luscitas. 

LUSCUS,  Borgne. 

LUSS.  Pityriasis. 

LUSTRAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

L  UT.  Lute. 

LUTE,  Lntum  ('mud'),  Cmmentum.  (F.)  Lnt. 
A  composition  employed  either  for  closing  aper- 
tures in  a  pharmaceutical  instrument,  or  for 
covering  the  surface  of  retorts,  tubes.  Ac,  which 
have  to  support  a  great  degree  of  heat.     Lutes 


LUTEOLA 


LYCOPUS 


are  composed  differently,  according  to  the 
to  I".-  accomplished.     Commonly,  tbey  are  made 
of  linseed  meal  and  starch.   The  fat  hue  is  formed 
and  drying  oiL     Sometimes,  the  white  el 

i-  •  1 :  and  that  which  is  em- 
ployed   for    covering   vessels,   intended    to    be 
y  heated,  is  tnado  ofolay,  sifted  Band,  ami 
■ 
LDT1  la  lateola, 

LUTEUS,  Yellow. 

RON,  \oirijuv.      A  bath.      Also,  an  oph- 
thalmio  m  tdicine. — Qalen. 
LUX,  Light 

LUX  ITIO,  Luxation — 1.  Imperfecta,  Sprain. 
.  k'TION,   Eluxa'tion,  from  Insure,  luxtt- 
•  put  out  of  place.'     DMoca'tion,  0 

'  >  eloca'tio,  Ec'cliaia, 

'(,   Luxatu'ra,  Eetop'ia,  Ecpto'eie,  Klap'< 

.     ,       Heuin,   Ei  mthre'iud, 

.    Exarthrofma,   Exarthro'eis,   Exo'eia^ 

Paratop'io,    Streblo'aia,     Deloca'tio, 

.'.'   Luxation,    Dislocation,    De- 

1  \       -placement   of  a  part  from  its 

|  r    situation.      A    putting    out    of   joint.     A 

ement  of  two  or  more  bones,  whose  arti- 
cular surfaces  have  lost)  wholly,  or  in  part,  their 
natural  connexion:  either  owing  t<»  external  vio- 
■  utal  luxation,)  or  to  disease  of  some 
of  the  parts  about  the  joint  (epontancout  luxation.) 
Luxation  ii  eompU  te  when  the  bones  have  entirely 
lost  their  natural  connexion  ;  incomplete,  when 
they  partly  preserve  it:  and  compound,  when  a 
wound  communicatee  with  the  luxated  joint 
]  meral  indications  of  treatment,  are;  —  1. 

To   reduce    the    protruded    bone    to    its  original 
2.  To   retain   it  in  nitu.      3.  To  obviate 
any  attendant  or  consequent  symptoms. 

To  reduce  requires    extension,  counter-exten- 
sion, and  coaptation. 

LUXEUIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Saline 
.  at  the  town  of  Luxeuil.  at  the  foot  of  the 
.in  the  department  of  Haute  Sadne.     Five 
springs   are   thermal,  and   two  cold.      They  seem 
to  contain  carbonie  acid,  carbonates  of  iron  and 
lime,  and  chloride  of  solium:  and  are  employed 
rient,  tonic,  and  stimulant. 
im. 
.  N'  11  E,  Lycan'chie,  from  Atm-o?.  'n  wolf,' 
:  Wolf  i/iti, !<■:/,  Wolfchoak; 

—  a-  Cynanche  means  Dog  choak.     Also,  hydro- 
phol.i 

LYCANCHIS,  Lycanche. 

INTHROP  mthropia. 

^NTHRO'PIA,  from   \vko;,  'a  wolf,'  and 
■  ,-,  'a  man:'  Lyca'on,  Tnea'nia  lupi'na,  Ly- 
of   melancholy,   in   which 
the  person  believes  himself  to  be  changed  into  a 
wolf,   and   imitates   the  voice  and   habits  of  that 
animal.     One  bo  circumstanced  is  called  a  L%f- 
. 
INTHROPUS,  Bee  Lycanthropia. 
LYCAON,  Lycanthropia. 
LYCHNIDIUM,  Biolychnium. 
BNI9  «;  I  I'll  I'GO,  Agroati 

' »».     A  naturalizi 
pean   plant  fophyllacese.     The 

■id,  but   not  poisonous.     They 

were,  at   one  I    in   cutaneous   dis- 

and  in  hemorrhage,  and  as  a  topical  appli- 

twia  OrFK  :  -aria— 1.  Sylvestris, 

LYCHNIUM,  Biolychnium. 
LY'CIl  M,  omkiov.    A  medicinal  Bubstai 
obtained  from  the  roots  and  brae  -: 
■  ing  in   Lycia.     It  wai 
I 
*e.     By  Borne,  it  ;  to  be  the 

.1U. 


LYC<  -.    from    \vko;,    'n    wolf.' 

f,  •form.'      Lmpo  xiut'ili*.     An  epithet  lor 

oynancbe,  called,  also,   Lup\ 

Strangulator,  and  absurdly  attributed   to  e\c  -- 

rive  retention  of  sperm    in   its   reservoirs   and    it! 

passage  into  the  blood  ['!]. — Oalen. 

LYCOM  V .VIA.  Lycanthre 

LYCOPB  DE  VIRGINIE,  Lyeopus  Virgin  i- 
cus. 

LYCOPER'DON,   from    Wo?,   'a   wolf,' 
rcsew,  "I  break  wind:'    A.  Bovia'ta  sea  Arrki'ton 
sen    Qlobo'tvm,   Bovia'tO,   <'i'  J'' it  it*    I.upi,    I 

Ckirnrgo'rum,   Puff-hull,  Bnll  Fist,,  .)/,,/ 
(Prov.)  I'«if,  (Sc.j  DeiT* avufibot,  {¥.)  Vt**eh>np. 
Ord.  PungL     The  puff-ball  dries  into  a  very  fine, 
light  brownish  dust,  which  is  sometimes  OS) 
mechanical  Btyptie  to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

pbrdos  Arrhizor,  Lycoperdon — 1.  Cer- 
vinum,  Elaphomyees  granulataa —  1.  (ilobosum, 
Lycoperdon — 1.  Oolosorum,  L.  Tuber. 

Ltoopbrdos  Pro'trus,  Common  puff-Lull.  The 
fumes  of  this  substance  have  been  found  to  pro- 
duce anSBsthetizatton  an  animals. 

Ltcopbr'doh  Tuber,  L.  Qulo*o'rum,  Tnbrr 
Agriocaa'tanum  sen  Oiba'rium  seu  Ouiono'mm  sen 
Nigrum,  Tu'bera  Tcrrm,  Trube,  Truffle,  (pro- 
nounced troofle,)  (FA  Tnqfe.  A  fleshy,  tirni 
body,  unknown  in  its  mode  of  reproduction, 
which  is  found  under  ground,  especially  in  dif- 
ferent parte  of  France,  Italy,  &C,  and  is  much 
d  as  an  aliment.  It  seems  to  belong  to 
!  the  champignons,  and  has  a  particular  perfume. 
Aphrodisaie  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to  it. 

A  Virginia  truffle  is  called  Tnchako. 

LYCOPERSICUM  ESCULBNTUM,  Solanum 
lyoopersieum  —  1.  Pomum  amoris,  Solatium  lyeo- 
persicnm — 1.  Tuberosum,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

L  VCOPODE,  Lyoopodium. 

LYCOPO'DIUM,  from  \vkos,  <a  wolf,'  and  row?, 
ttoAos,  'afoot.'  L.  Clana'tum  seu  Offtciwi'l?,  Lc- 
pido'tia  chu-n'tn,   Cingula'ria,   Muacua  claoa'tua, 


COpodiaceSB.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  European 
mosses.  The  dust,  which  fills  the  capsules  of  its 
spikes,  is  very  inflammable,  and  hence  bat 
called  Vegetable  Sulphur;  —  and,  also,  Fari'na 
sea  Pulvie  seu  Semen  seu  Sulphur  Lyeopo'dii, 
(P.)  Lycopode,  Sou/re  Digital.  It  is  nsed  in  Franco 
and  in  the  United  States  to  roll  pills  and  boluses 
in;  and  in  medicine  is  a  desiecative.  in  the  exco- 
riation to  which  infants  arc  liable.  It  is  collecte  1 
chiefly  in  Switzerland  and  Germany  for  commerce. 

LvcoroniiM  ClAVATUV,  Lycopodium. 

Lti  opodiuh  Complaha'tttm,  Common  C^io-eie**, 
Ground  Pine j  indigenous;  has  the  same  proper" 
-podium  sela.ro. 

Lvrorn'miM     OVFII    NALB,     L,     clavatum  —  1. 
Reeurvum,  L.  Sel 

Ltcopodiou  Sbla'go,  L.  Recur' mm,  Planan'- 
thim  fiisti/pi'tux  seu  si  la' go,  Muacua   erec'i 
Cathnr'ticue,    Sela'go,     Uprigki  .    I    ■ 

Club-mote,    Upright    Fir-moee.     A    decoction    of 
this  plant  acts  violently  as  an  emetic  and  purga- 
tive;  and  was  formerly,  on   this  account,  | 
an  abortive.     It  is  also  employed  to  kill  vermin. 

LY'COPUS,    A.    Virgin'icne  sen   nnijlo'x 
pii'iu,"'.  ',    Water   Bugle,    Water    //<■■■- 

hound,  Gyp*y  Weed,  /'mil's  Bet'onv,  (P.)   Lyope 
ilr    Virginie.     This   indigenous   hero.  Si 
Diandria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord.  Labiata?,  prrowa 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  United  State-. 
The  whole  herb  is  said  to  be  slightly  n 
[t  is  given  in  infnrion,  (Lyeop.  ^j  j  aq,  fervent.  <>j.) 

LTI  OPUi   PUKILA,  Lyeopus.' 

Ltcopus  3iw  a'Ti  9,    Water  Horehomtd,  Oypay 
Weed,    Paufe    Il-t'uuij,  indigenous,   has 
■  ties. 

Lvcopus  Uniflorus,  L.  pumila  —  L  Virgini- 
cus,  Lyeopus. 


LYCOREXIS 


558 


LYMPHOPYRA 


LYCORBXIS,  Fames  lupina. 

LYCOSA  TARBNTULA,  see  Tarantula. 

LYCOSTOMA,  Hyperoochasma. 

LYE.  Lixivium,  Ley  —  1.  Dyspeptic,  see  Fuli- 
gokali — 1.  Medical,  see  Fuligokali —  1.  Tea,  Phy- 
sick's,  see  Fuligokali. 

LYGISMUS,  Luxation. 

LYGMODES,  Singultus. 

LYGMUS,  Singultus. 

LYGODES,  Singultus. 

LYING-IN  STATE.  Parturient  state. 

LYING-DOWN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYMA,  Lochia:  from  Auu>,  'to  wash/  also,  filth 
or  Bordes,  (to  be  washed  away.)  Au/i<z,     Lyme. 

LYME.  Lyuia. 

LYMPH,  Lympha,  from  vvufrj,  'water,'  by 
changing  v  into  A.  White  blood,  Lympha  Xu- 
tnf'ia.  A  name  given  to  the  fluid  contained  in 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  thoracic  duct  of  ani- 
mals, which  have  been  made  to  fast  for  24-  hours. 
According  to  Chevreul,  the  lymph  of  the  dog 
contains  water,  fibrin,  albumen,  common  salt, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  phosphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  properties 
and  composition  of  lymph  vary  somewhat  ac- 
cording to  the  part  whence  the  lymphatic  vessels 
obtain  it.  Generally,  it  is  under  the  form  of  a 
transparent,  slightly  alkaline  fluid,  sometimes  of 
a  madder-red  or  yellowish  colour, — of  a  spermatic 
odour,  and  saline  taste;  soluble  in  water,  —  the 
solution  becoming  turbid,  when  mixed  with  alco- 
hol. When  left  to  itself,  it  coagulates.  The  clot 
or  solid  portion  becomes  of  a  scarlet  red,  if  put 
in  contact  with  oxygen;  and  of  a  purple  red,  if 
placed  in  carbonic  acid. 

Like  the  blood,  the  lymph  consists  of  a  fluid — 
Liquor  lympha — in  which  lymph  corpuscles  or  glo- 
bules  are  suspended. 

The  lymph  is  probably  the  product  of  internal 
absorption  in  different  parts  of  the  body  :  it  then 
flows  along  the  lymphatic  vessels,  uniting  with 
the  chyle,  and  is  poured  with  it  into  the  veins; 
thus  becoming  one  of  the  materials  of  the  blood. 
According  to  others,  the  blood,  when  it  reaches 
the  arterial  radicles,  is  divided  into  two  portions. 
—  the  one  red,  which  is  carried  to  the  heart,  — 
the  other  serous  or  white,  which  is  absorbed  by 
the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  constitutes  the  lymph. 
By  others,  again,  the  lymphatics  are  considered 
to  be  the  vessels  of  return  for  the  white  blood 
sent  to  certain  tissues.  White  blood,  however, 
has  probably  no  existence. 

The  word  lymph  is  sometimes  used  unhappily 
by  the  surgeon  to  signify  liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph,  Coagulable,  Fibrin,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph  Corpuscles,  see  Lymph  —  1.  Globules, 
see  Lymph — 1.  Hearts.  Lymphatic  hearts. 

Lymph.  Plastic,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHA,  Lymph  —  1.  Arborum,  see  Sap  —  1. 
Muculenta  nariuin,  Nasal  mucus  —  1.  Xutritia, 
Lymph — 1.  Pancreatis,  see  Pancreas — 1.  Pericar- 
dii, see  Pericardium — 1.  Plastica,  Fibrin. 

LYMPHADENI'TIS:  from  lymph,  and  adeni- 
tis, '  inflammation  of  a  gland.'  In Jinmma' tio 
aland nW rum  lymphatica'rum,  Adeni'tis  lymphat'- 
ica,  (F.)  Adenite  lymphatinue.  Inflammation  of 
a  lymphatic  °;land  or  ganglion. 

LYMPFLE  DUCTUS,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPH  ANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGIEC'T  A  S  I S,  Lympheurya'ma  ; 
from  lymph,  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel.' and  evratTis,  'dila- 
tation.'    Dilatation  of  lvmphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY,  Lymphangiogra- 
ph'in  :  from  lymph,  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ypa^rj, 
*  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  lymphatic 
vessels. 

LYMPHANGIOITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIOL'OGl",    from    Lymphangion, 


'a  lymphatic,'  and  Aoyo,,-,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPH  ANGIOT'OMY,     Lymphangiotom'ia  ; 

from  lymph,  ayyeiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  row,  '  inci- 
sion.' The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

LYMPHANGITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHAXGO.VCUS,  Lymphon'cus;  from 
lymph,  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  oyKos,  fa  tumour.' 
Tumefaction  of  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPHATIC,  Lymphnt'icns.  That  which 
relates  to  lymph  ;  also,  abounding  in  lymph.  See 
Phlegmatic. 

Lymphatic  Hearts,  Lymph  Hearts.  The  frog 
and  several  other  animals  are  provided  with  large 
receptacles  for  the  lymph  immediately  underneath 
the  skin,  which  exhibit  distinct  and  regular  pul- 
sations like  the  sanguiferous  heart.  Their  use 
appears  to  be — to  propel  the  lymph. 

Lymphatic  System  is  that  particular  system 
of  organs  which  is  inservient  to  the  formation  and 
circulation  of  lymph.     These  organs  are: 

1.  Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see 
Conglobate. 

2.  Lymphatic  Yessels,  Lymphceduc'tus,  Lym- 
phangi'a,  Lymphange'a,  Vence  lymphat'icce,  Ductus 
sero'si,  Vata  lymphatica  seu  resorbeu'tia  seu  //?/- 
drago'ga,  Hydrangi'a.  These  are  very  numerous. 
Arising  at  the  surface  of  membranes  and  in  the 
tissue  of  the  organs,  they  carry  into  the  veins  the 
lymph  from  those  parts.  Lymphatic  vessels  are 
found  in  every  part  of  the  body.  Wherever  they 
are  met  with,  however,  they  form  two  orders, — 
one  superficial,  the  other  deep-seated ;  — the  two 
orders  frequently  communicating  with  each  other. 
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally  smaller  than 
arteries  and  veins.  They  are  very  thin,  diapha- 
nous, and  cylindrical;  but  present,  here  and 
there,  more  or  less  considerable  dilatations, 
caused  by  valves  in  their  interior.  They  are 
slightly  tortuous  in  their  course;  their  anasto- 
moses are  very  numerous,  and  they  often  cross 
each  other,  forming  successive  plexuses.  Of  the 
arrangement  of  the  extreme  radicles  we  are  igno- 
rant. All  the  branches,  before  joining  the  prin- 
cipal trunks,  pass  through  lj-mphatic  ganglions, 
in  which  they  are  convoluted,  or  subdivided  almost 
ad  infinitum.  They  are  formed  of  an  outer  are- 
olar membrane  and  an  internal  coat,  similar  to 
that  of  the  veins;  of  the  latter,  the  valves  are 
formed.  All  the  lymphatics  of  the  body  ulti- 
mately discharge  themselves  at  the  junction  of 
the  subclavian  and  internal  jugular  veins.  Two 
of  these  trunks  are  considerably  larger  than  the 
others,  —  the  thoracic  duct,  and  the  great  trunk 
of  the  right  side,  (F.)  La  grande  veine  lympha- 
tiqne  droite.  The  former  receives  the  lymphatics 
of  the  abdomen,  of  the  lower  extremities,  the  left 
side  of  the  thorax,  the  left  upper  extremity,  and 
the  corresponding  side  of  the  head  and  neck; 
the  latter  receives  those  of  the  right  upper  ex- 
tremity, and  of  the  right  side  of  the  head,  neck 
and  thorax. 

LYMPHATITIS,  Anseioleueitis. 

LYMPHE  COAGULABLE,  Liquor  sangui- 
nis—  I.  de  Cotugno,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of — I. 
Plastique,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHEURYSMA,  Lvmphangiectasis. 

LYMPHITIS.  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHIZA'TION.  A  term  used  by  Profes- 
sor Gross  to  signify  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph. 
It  is  not  a  happy  word,  inasmuch  as  lyinph  has 
another  meaning,  whilst  the  term  'coagulable 
lymph'  is  now  almost  abandoned. 
*  LYMPHOCHE'ZIA.  from  lymph,  and  Xn^,  'I 
go  to  stool.'     Serous  diarrhoea. 

LY'MPHONCUS,  Lymphangoncus  —  1.  Iridis, 
Iridauxesis. 

LYMPHOPl^RA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 


LYMP  HO  UK  II  A  G  I  A 


: !  a  0  N 


L  Y  M  P  H  0  R  B  II  A  «;  "  I  A.  frr.m  hjmph.  and 
prjywfti,  *I  break   forth.'     Discharge   of  lymph 

1.  i  ii    i  lymphatic  I  j    t"  .i  LeeiOB   of  its 

LYMPHO'SIS.  The  preparation  or  elabora- 
tion of  lymph. 

LYMPHOT'OMY,  (rem  h/atnAa,  'lymph.'  and 
•  I  cut.'     Direction  of  the  lymph  . 

LYNCH'S  BMBROCA'TION.  An  emollient 
nostrum,  formed  of  t/i'w  oil  impregnated  with 
bergamot  sod  oth  ;ui<l  eoloored  with 

alkmiet  root. 

LYNGODBS,  Singultous —  1.  Febris,  Fever, 
tous. 

LYNGYODES,  Singultous. 

LYNN   WAHOO,  Hums  alata. 

LYNX,  Singultus. 

LYPE,  Atbymia. 

LYPEM  \XIA.  Melancholy. 

I.V  P  K'  B  I  A    CROM  K  \."    A    Booth    African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Bcrophulariacero,  the  tinners  of 
which  closely  resemble  saffron  in  smell  and  taste, 
similar  medical  virtues. 

/.  TPBR0PHRBN1E,  Melancholy. 

LYPOMA,   Lipoma. 

L  YPO  T  II  V  .M  '  I  A.  from  Xvnj,  *  sadness.'  and 
S-vfios,  '  the  mind.'  Very  great  sadness  or  de- 
spondency. 

LYRA,  A»po, '  the  lyre.'  Pwalter,  Pealte'rium, 
Corpus  Psallot'dee,  Lyra  Da'vidis,  Lam'ina  me- 
dulla'n't  triiiiii/ii/'t'ris  ctr'tlni,  Spa'tium  tri</»'- 
wwm.  The  under  surface  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  body  of  the  fornix  is  impressed  with  nume- 
md  oblique  lines,  which  have 
ed  from  some  resemblance  they  bear 
to  the  ancient  lyre. 

LYRINGIUM,  Erynginm  campestre, 

LYS1  V.  Lysis. 

LY8IMA'CHIA  NUMMULATtlA,  L.  nem'o- 
riim,  Xiiiiiniiifti'rln.  Hiruttdiua'ria,    Centimor'bia, 
Strife,  Money    Wort,   (P.      // 
Ord.    Primulacess.     This   plant   was 
formerly  accounted  vulnerary.     It  has  b< 

ntic   and   astringent 
qualities,  and  has  been  used  in  leucorrhoea. 

Lysimachia  Purpdrra,  Lythrum  saliearia. 

Lysima'i  in  \  Qo  idrtpo'lia,  Four-Leaved  Loose 
Strife,  Croenport,  an  indigenous  plant,  is  astrin- 
gent :  and  has  been  used  as  a  stomachic  and  an- 
tiperiodic. 


LYSIS,    /■•"•.    Avetf,    from    Ai>w.    'I   die 
Solution.      A  common    suffix  :   also,  a  nami 
to  solution-  or  terminations  of  disease,  which  are 
operated  insensibly  :    that  is.  gradually  and  with- 
out critical  symptoms. 

LYSSA,  Hydrophobia  —  1.  Canma,  lh  h 
bis. 

LYSSA8,  Mani 

LI  BSE  IKK.  Maniodes. 

LYSSODEC'Tl  S,   From  Avacm,  'canine    mad- 
snd  nj»i»,  or  ('iai.j,   "I    bite  J     Hydntph'- 
obut ;   Cunt  rab'ido  in"ixit*.     One  who  b 
bitten   by  a  mad  dog,  or  is  actually  labouring 
under  hydrophobia. 

L YSSODE G'M A,  Li — 1eg'mu*,L   •• 
same  etymon.     The  bite  of  a  mad  dog. 

LYSSODEXIS,  Lyssodegtna. 

LYTE'RIOS,  X«nMio$,  i  from  \Vu),  'I  disc 
'solving.'     An  epithet  given  to  those  signs  which 
announce  the  solution  of  a  very  violent  <i  - 

LYTHRUM  AL  HTM.  see  Lythrum  saliearia 

— 1.  Hyssopi folia,  Lythrum  saliearia. 

Lvrniitv  SamCA'rta,  from  Xvdfiov,  'blood,  and 
dust,'  on  account  of  the  colour  of  the  flo* 
ome  species,  Lysima'chia  purpu'rea,  Salica'ria 
ommon  or  Purple 
LythrnceSB.  The  herb,  root, 
and  flowers  possess  a  considerable  degri 
tringency,  and  are  used,  occasionally,  in  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  leucorrhaaa,  haemop- 
tysis, Ac. 

Lythrtto  IIyssopii'o'i.ia,  and  L.  Ala'tim  ; 
indigenous,  have  similar  properties. 

LYTTA  OfiRULEA,  see  Cantharis— 1. 
mas,  .-ee  Cantharis — I.  Rufieeps,  see  Cantharis. 

LVTTA     Rf'KII'KS.        C/nsx,  In  sectil  J     0TO\ 

optera.  A  variety  of  Lytta.  peculiar  to  Chili, 
which  is  more  active  as  a  vesicant  than  the  can- 
tharis, or  the  Lytta  Vittata. 

LYTTA  Begetum,  see  Cantharis — 1.  Yesicatoria, 
Cantharis. 

Lytta  Vitta'ta,  Can'ttaris  vittata,  Potafto 
Fly,  (P.)  Cantharide  tachetSe.  Four  species  of 
meloe  that  blister,  are  found  in  the  United 
•  The  lytta  vittata  feeds  principally  upon 
the  potato  plant,  and,  at  the  proper  season  of  the 
year,  may  be  collected  in  immense  numbers.  The 
potato  fly  resembles  the  cantharides  iu  every  pro- 
1  perty,  and  is  fully  diual  to  them. 


i  '      .'  .......  t 

vulga'ri*  sen  spiea'ta ;  —  the  Co 
Willow  Herb.    Ord.  Lythraeem. 


M. 


II.     This  letter  signifies,  in  prescriptions,  vta- 
mipnlue,  'a    handful.'     Also,    miaee,   'mix. 
Abbreviation. 

M  M3  IPATLI,  Bmilai  sarsaparilla. 

kRO'NI.     An  alimentary  paste,  moulded 

of  a  cylindrical   shape,  and   formed   of  rice  or 

floor.     [I  is  eaten  —  when    boiled  —  in 

soap;  prepared  with  cheese,  Ac     See  Turandse 

Italics. 

i,  a  name  formerly  given   to  a  pulverulent 
i    •   jugai      'i   g  <  •  -  of  antimony,  car- 
ried into  Prance  by  the  Italian  monks,  and  em- 
ployed at  the  hospital  /."   ChoriU  in   the  treat- 
ment of  painters'  colic. 
MAG  IRONS,  Biscuits,  medicinal 
MACE,   see   Myristica   moscbata — m.   Reed, 
Typha  latifolia. 

INISIUM,  Bmyrnium  olusatruas, 
MACER,  Gracilis. 


MACER  L'TION,    Hncera'tio,   from    nmcernre, 

ini.il,  'to  soften   by  water.'     An  operation 

which  consists  in    infusing,  usually  without  heat, 

a  solid  substance  in  a  liquid,  so  as  to  extract  its 

virtues. 

MACBRONA,  Bmyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACES,  see  Myristica  mosebata. 

MA<  ES<  BRE,  Emaciate. 

MACHJBRA.  Colter,  Knife.  Penis. 

u  ICH.&RIDION,  Machserien. 

.MA*'  II  .!;■  i;  [ON,  Hachot'riu$,Maekmrid*io*, 
Oladi'olue,  from  mmjeutfa,  'a  sword,'  f"X'!'  ' :l 
fight.'  A  knife.  An  amputating  knife.  Bufns 
of  Bphesui  aaterts,  thai  the  Aruspieei  gave  this 

name  to  ■  part  of  the  liver  of  animals. 

MACHjSRIS,  Knife.  Novocain. 

MACHA'ON,  from  WM,  'I  de-ire  to  Ight,' 
The  son  of  Jisculapius,  and  a  celebrated  pby« 
i  sieiaa* 


MACIIAONIA 


GO 


MADESIS 


MACHAO'NIA  seu  MACIIAON'ICA  ARS.  | 
Medicine.  The  Hading  Art:  —  so  called  after  j 
Machaon,  the  son  of  JSsculapius. 

MAOHI'NAL,  Mechan'icu*.  This  epithet  is 
added  especially  by  French  writers  to  the  word 
movement,  to  express  that  the  will  takes  no  pait 
in  it. 

MACHINE',  Mach'ina,  Metchinamen'tum, 
Medi'nne,  Mechane'ma.  A  more  or  less  com- 
pound instrument  or  arrangement  for  putting  a 
body  in  motion,  or  for  producing  any  action 
whatever.  Physiologists  sometimes  use  it  for 
the  animal  body  ;  —  as  the  machine  or  animal 
machine. 

MACHLOSYNE,  Nymphomania. 
MACHOlRE,   Maxillary  bone  —  m.  Diacrani- 
eime,  Maxillary  bone,  lower  —  m.  Syncranienne, 
Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

MACIES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation — m.  Infantum, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MACTLENTUS,  Gracilis. 
MACTS.  see  Myristica  moschata. 
MACRAU'CHEN,    from    macros,    and    av%^v> 
'the  neck.'    Loncjo  collo  pros' ditas.    One  who  has 
a  long  neck. — Galen. 

NACRE  FLOTTANTE,  Trapa  natans. 
MACRITUDO,  Emaciation. 
MACROBIOSIS,  Longevity. 
MACROBIOTES,  Longevity. 
MACROBIOTIC,   Macrobiot'icus,  Macrobi'o- 
tus,  Macro'bius,  Lovg&'vus,  from  macros,  and  (Siog, 
'life.'      That   which    lives    a   long    time.      The 
macrobiotic  art,  Macrobiot'  ics,  (F.)  Macrohiotique, 
is  the  art  of  living  a  long  time. 
MACROBIOTUS,  Macrioblotic. 
MACROBITJS,  Macrobiotic. 
MACROCEPHALIA.  see  Capitones. 
MACROCEPH'ALUS,     Makroceph'alus,    (F.) 
Macrocephale  :  from  macros,  and  Kvpa\-n,  '  head.' 
Qui  magnum  habet  caput      '  One  who  has  a  large 
head.'     This    epithet    is    given  to  children  born 
with  heads  so  large  that  they  seem  to  be  hydro- 
cephalic;  but  in  which  the  unusual  development 
is  owing  to  a  large  size  of  the  brain.     Such  are 
supposed   to  be  more  than    ordinarily  liable    to 
convulsions.  [?]     The  term  has  also  been  applied 
by  Hippocrates  to  certain  Asiatics  who  had  long 
heads.     See  Capitones. 

MACROCHI'RIA,  from  macros,  and  \np, 
'hand.'  Monstrosity,  characterized  by  excessive 
development  of  the  hands. 

MACROCO'LIA,  from  macros,  and  kwAov,  'a 
limb.'  Great  length  of  limbs  in  general,  and  of 
the  lower  limbs  in  particular. 

MACROCOSM,  Jfacrocosm'us,  from  macros, 
and  Koufxog,  '  world.'  The  universe,  in  contradis- 
tinction to  Microcosm,  which  means  man. 

MACRODAC'TYLUS,  from  macros,  and  <Wu- 
\og,  'a  finixer.'     Having  Ions  fingers. 

MACROGASTER  PLATYPUS,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

MACROGLOSSA.  see  Macroglossus. 
MACROGLOS'SUS,  from  macros,  and  yW<™. 
'tongue.'    One  who  has  a  very  large  or  prolapsed 
ton  rue.     See  Paraglossa. 

MACBOMBL'IA,  from  macros,  and  iis\og, 
'lim'o.'  Monstrosity,  which  consists  in  the  ex- 
cessive size  of  some  limb. 

MACRONOSIiE.  Chronic  diseases. 
MACROPHAL'LUS,  from  macros,  and  ^aWog, 
'the    male    organ.'     A   large   size    of    the   male 
ors^n. 

MACROPHO'NUS,  from  macros,  and  </>wi»7, 
'voice.'     One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 

MACROPHTHAL'MUS,  from  macros,  and 
o<*SaA//oj.  'eve.'     Having  large  eyes. 

MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  macros, 
6vca,  'air,'  and  K£fpa\y,  '  head.'  A  word  used  by 
Ambrose  Pare  to  designate  an  augmentation  of 


the  head  of  the  foetus,  produced  by  a  sort  of  em- 
physeina  [7],  which  retards  delivery. 

MACROPIPEB,  Piper  longum. 

MACROPNCE'A,  from  macros,  and  jrvtw,  'I 
breathe.'     A  long  and  deep  respiration. 

MACROP'NUS,  Maerop'noos.  Same  etymon. 
Long  breathed.  One  who  breathes  slowly:  —  ,\ 
word  met  with  in  some  authors. — Hippocrates. 

MACROP'ODUS,  Mac'ropm,  MegaVopm,  from 
macros,  and  -xovg,  xo6og,  'foot.'  One  who  has  a 
large  foot. 

MACROPROSO'PIA,  from  macros,  and  -rUCu>- 
ttov,  '  face.'  Monstrosity,  characterized  by  exces- 
sive size  of  face. 

MACROR,  Emaciation. 

MACROR'RHIS,  from  macros,  and  pig,  or  pir, 
'nose.'     One  who  has  a  long  nose. 

MACROS.  tiaKpog,  'great.'     Long. 

MACROS'CELES,  Crura  longa  habeas ;  from 
macros,  and  aiceXog,  '  the  leg.'  One  who  has  long 
legs. 

MACUOSIJS,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACROSOMATIA,  see  Giant. 

MACROSOMIA,  see  Giant. 

MACRO'TES,  from  macros,  and  ovg,  wrog,  'an 
ear.'     One  who  has  long  ears. 

MACROTRYS  RACEMOSA,  see  Aetata  race- 
mosa. 

MACULA.  A  spot.  Dyschrce'a,  Cells,  Lobes, 
(F.)  Tache.  A  permanent  discoloration  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  often  with  a  change  of  its 
texture.  Ephelis,  Ncevus,  Spilus,  &c,  belong  to 
Maculae. 

Macula,  Molecule  —  m.  Aurea,  see  Foramen 
centrale  retinae — m.  Cornea?,  Caligo — m.  Coruece 
arcuata,  Gerotoxon  —  m.  Corneas  margaritacea, 
Paralampsis —  m.  Cribrosa,  see  Auditory  canal, 
internal  —  m.  Emortualis,  see  Suggillation — m. 
Flava,  see  Foramen  centrale  retina? — m.  Fusca, 
Ephelides  —  m.  Germinativa,  see  Molecule — m. 
Hepatica.  Chloasma  materna,  Naevus — m.  Lenti- 
cularis,  Ephelides  —  m.  Lutea  retina?,  see  Fora- 
men centrale — m.  Matricalis.  Na?vus — m.  Matri- 
ces, Naevus — m.  Nigra,  see  Optic  nerve — m.  Solaris, 
Ephelides. 

MACULE  ALB.E.  M.  Lac'tea,  Tn'snlas,  Milk- 
spots.  White  spots,  seen  on  serous  membranes, 
especially  on  that  investing  the  heart,  and  which 
appear  to  be  the  result  of  previous  inflammatory 
action. 

Maculae  Ante  Octlos  Yolitaxtes,  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Lactea?,  M.  Alba?. 

MACULOSUS,  Sable. 

MAD,  Insane— m.  Doctor,  see  Psychiatria. 

MADAR.  Mudar. 

MADARO'SIS.  from  /jaSapog,  'bald.'  Jfodaro'- 
ma,  Jfadc'sis,  Madar'otes,  Made'mn,  Jfad'ixis, 
Depluma'tio,  MilphcB,  ifilpho'sis,  Ptilo'xis.  Cal- 
vi'ties.  Loss  of  the  hair,  particularly  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

MADAROTES.  Madarosis. 
MADDER,  DYERS',  Ruhia. 
MADEIRA,  CLIMATE    OF.     This    island  is 
much  frequented  by  pulmonary  invalids,  on  ac- 
count of  the  mildness  and  equability   of  its   cli- 
mate.    Owing,    indeed,  to    the    mildness    of  the 
!  winter,  and  the  coolness  of  the  summer,  together 
with  the  remarkable  equality  of  the  temperature 
i  during  day  and  night,  as  well  as  throughout  the 
I  year,  it  has  been  considered  that  the  climate  of 
Madeira  is  the  finest  in  the  northern  hemisphere. 
Sir  James  Clark  is  of  opinion  that  there  is  no 
place  on  the' continent  of  Europe,  with  which  he 
is  acquainted,  where  the  pulmonary  invalid  could 
reside  with  so  much  advantage,  during  the  whole 
year,  as  in  Madeira. 

MADELEON,  Bdellium. 
MADEMA,  Madarosis. 
MADESIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 


MADISIS 


MAGNESIA 


MADISIS,  Depilation,  Ma  1 1 

MADISON    BPRING  -  -'  '■   Mineral 

MADISTE'RIUM,  ihiIhttvpiov,  Trichota'binm, 
Trichol'al  .  I  tel'la.  Tweezers.  An  in.«tru- 
nit'iit  !'.>r  extracting  hairs. 

MADJOUND,  Madjoun.  A  mixture  of  p< m 
hemp  and  honey,  used  as  a  narootia  agent,  like 
tobacco,  by  the  Algerines. 

MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia— m. 
Raving  nr  furious,  Mania. 

M  IDOR,  Moisture.     A  cold  sweat. 

MADORI1  S,  Mudar. 

MADRKPORA  OCULATA,  see  Coral 

M  A  1 »  U' ! ■:  I ;  I »,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

M.K  \.  Midwife. 

AM. id  A.  Obstetric*. 

M.K  KIM  A.  see  Parturition. 

M.KI  \.  Obstetrics. 

MAES  \   PICTA,  Baoria, 

M.K!  SIS,  Parturition. 

M^UTRl  \.  Midwife. 

MAGDA  LlA,Jfagda'Uon,3fagda'li*.  'Crumb 
of  bread.'  Any  medicine,  as  a  pill,  formed  of 
crumb  of  bread.     A  roll  of  plaster. 

MAO  EIRICE,  Culinary  art. 

MAGGOT  PIMPLE,  see  Acne. 

MAGIS,  jut]  if,  *  a  cake.'    A  port  of  cake,  com- 
_;arlie  and    cheese,  beaten    to- 
gether.-— 11 

MAGISTERIUM,  Magistery— m.  Bismuthi, 
Bismuth.  Bubnitrate  of — m.  Jalapse,  Resin  of 
Jalap  —  m.  Marcasitss,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
m.  Plumbi,  Plumbi  Buboarbonas  —  m.  Sulphuris, 
Sulphur    lotum  —  m.    Tartari    purgans,    PotassSB 

MAG"ISTERT,  Magiete'rinm,  from  magieter, 
fa,  master.'  Certain  precipitates  from  saline  so- 
lution- were  formerly  bo  called  ;  as  well  as  other 
medicines,  the  preparation  of  which  was  kept 
secret. 

M  loistery  of  Bismuth,  Bismuth,  subnitrate 
of. 

MAGISTRAL,   Magietra'lie.     Same  etymon. 
A  prescription  is  so  called  — 
Jorm'ula  magistra'lis  sen  extempora'nea — which 
is  prepared  extemporaneously;  an  officinal  pre- 
scription—  Form'ula  officina'lie —  being  such  as 
n  prepared  for  some  time  before  it  is  pre- 
scribed. 
MAGTSTRANTIA,  Imperatoria. 
MAGMA,  iiaypu,     !'.)   Marc.     The  thick  resi- 
duum,   obtained     after    expressing    certain    sub- 
Tact  the  fluid  parts  from  them.  The 
grounds  which   remain  after  treating  a  substance 
with    water,  alcohol,  or   any  other    menstruum. 
i  certain  consistence. 
Magma  or  Marc  op  Olives  is  the  residuum 
after  the  gr<  at<  st  possible  quantity  of  oil  has  been 
extract.,!  from  olives   by  making  them  ferment 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  Btimulant,  under 
the  form  of  a  bath — to  which  the  name  Bain  d< 
by  the  French. 
Magma    or   Marc    op    Grapes,    Bry'tia,  was 
once  employed  for  the  same  purpos 

MAGMA    /.'/•'  Tit  7  I.E.  'reticulated   magma.' 
The   gelatiniform    substance  found  between  the 
chorion   and   amnion   in   the  early  period  of  em- 
bryonic '-\;-tence. 
M  LGNE8,  Magnet. 

MaGNES     LrsBNICA'LIS.      (Sulphur,  irhife  arse. 

.1  common  antimony,  of  each  equal  parts. 

Mix  by  fusion.)    It  is  corrosive.    See  Magnetic 

M  ignis  Bptlbpsls,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

MAGNE'SIA,  Ahrxrnnhn*,  Cham  bar,  Terra 
amu'r.i,  Magneeia  terra,  Tale  earth;  from  mag. 
tics,  'the  magnet.'     An  alkaline  earth  whose  me- 


tallic base  is  magneeium.  The  term  M agncsia 
was  employed,  of  old,  for  any  substance  thai 
seemed  to  have  the  power   of  attracting  some 

principle  from  the  air.    At  present  it 

to— 

Magnesia,  3f.  u*fa    sen   ealcina'ta,   finl'cined 
Magneeia,   Oxide  of  magne'eium,  (K.)  -'/ 
bntlfe,  MagnSeie,  M.  Oauetiqne.    This  is  obtained 
by  exposing  carbonate  of  magnesia  to  a  strong 

heat.  It  is  inodorous:  taste  very  slightly  bitter; 
in  the  form  of  a  white,  light,  spongy,  soft  powder. 
s.  g.  ■_'•:; :  requiring  2000  times  its  weight  of  water 
for  its  solution.  It  is  antacid,  and  laxative  when 
it  meets  with  acid  in  the  stomach.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  ^j  in  water  or  milk. 

Henry' e,  ffueband'e,  and  Elliot  Magneeia,  vn 
dense  forms  of  this  preparation. 

Magnesia,  Acetate  of,  Magnesias  acetas  — 
m.  Aerata,  Magnesisa  earbonas — m.  Alba.  M.  car- 
bonas  —  m.  Calcinata,  M.  nsta  —  m.  Citrate  of, 
Magnesisa  citras — m.  Dinnefqrd's,  see  Magnesia, 
fluid — m.  Edinburgensis,  M.  earbonas. 

Magnesia,  Effervescing,  Moxon*s.  [Mag- 
nee,  carh.;  M,  eulphat.  j  Soda  bicarbon., 
tartaric  aa  partes  sequales ;  to  be  pulverised, 
well  dried,  mixed,  and  enclosed  in  bottles  herme- 
tically sealed.)  Dose,  a'teaspoonful  in  half  a 
tumbler  of  water,  drunk  in  a  state  of  effervescence. 

M  iGNBSiA,  Ellis's,  see  Magnesia. 

Magnesia,  Fluid.  Under  this  name  a  prepa- 
ration is  designated,  which  consists  of  a  solution 
of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  carbonated  water. 
It  is  also  termed  carbonated  magnesia  u-ater,  ae- 
rated  magneeia  water,  and  condensed  solution  of 
magnesia,  (F.)  Fan  magtiieienne.  Dinneford'e 
Magneeia  is  a  solution  of  this  kind. 

Magnesia,  Henry's,  Magnesia — m.  Husband's, 
see  Magnesia — m.Mitis,  Magnesia  earbonas — m. 
Muriate  of,  Magnesii  chloridum — m.  Nigra,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of. 

M  IGNBSIA  Opali'xa.  A  name  given  by  L6- 
mery  to  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  antimony, 
nitrate  ofpotasea,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  (decre- 
pitated.) It  has  emetic  properties,  but  is  not 
used. 

MAGNESIA  Salts  Amart,  Magnesia?  earbonas 
— m.Salis  Ebsdamensis,  Magnesisa  earbonas — m. 
Batumi,  Antimonium — m.  Solution  of,  condensed, 
M.  fluid  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  Magnesisa  earbo- 
nas—  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  hydrated,  Magnesisa 
earbonas  —  m.  Terra,  Magnesia — m.  Vitriolata, 
Magnesias  sulphas— m.  and  Soda,  sulphate  of,  see 
Soda,  sulphate  of— m.  Usta.  Magnesia. 

Magnb'siji  Acb'tas,  Aef'etate  of  Magne'eia, 
This  salt  is  prepared  by  saturating  carbonate  of 
11111,1,1,  sin  with  acerte  acid.  It  is  Of  syrupy  con- 
sistence, and  about  four  ounces  is  a  dose.  Jt  acts 
like  citrate  of  magnesia. 

Magnbsi  i  Car'bonas  sen  Snhcar'bonae,  Mag. 
Dublin),  M.  aera'ta  sen  carbon'i 
alba,  M.  Suboarbon'ioa  sea  Mitie  sen  Edinburg- 
en'eie  sen  Salis  Ebedamen'eit  sen  Salia  nmn'ri, 
Car'bonas  magne'eicnm,  Lac  terra,  Bfypocar'bonae 
magne'eia,  7Vrra  "mora  aira'ta  sen  abeor'bene 
minera'lis  sen  taleo'ea  oxyanthraco'dee,  Snbear'm 
bonate  of  Magneeia,  Hy'drated  Subcar'bonate  of 
Magneeia,  (F.)  Soue-earbonate  ou  carbonate  de 
MagnSeie,  Magnisie  aird  on  blanche  on  crayenee 
on  douce  on  efferveeeente  on  moyenne  on  Anglaiee, 
Crait  on  Tern  magnieienne,  Lait  de  '!',,,■.  l',t- 
u  In  de  S<  ntinelli  on  dc  VaU  n- 
tini  on  dn  Comte  de  Palme  ou  de  Zwinger.  Pri 
pared  from  sulphate  of  magnesia  by  subcarbonate 
ofpotasea.  U  is  inodorous ;  insipid;  light  ;  white; 
spongy;  opake;  effervescing  with  acids:  (nso< 
luble  in  water.  Properties  the  same  as  the  last  : 
but  the  carbonic  acid,  when  set  free,  sometimes 
causes  unpleasant  distension. 

MaGKESLA   ClXRAS,    Citrate   of  Magnesia,   (F.) 


MAGNESIAN   LEMONADE 


562 


MAGNOLIA   GLAUCA 


Citrate  de  Magnesie.  A  saline  preparation,  formed 
by  saturating  a  solution  of  citric  acid  with  either 
magnesia  or  its  carbonate.  Dose,  an  ounce.  It 
is  devoid  of  the  bitter  taste  of  the  magnesian 
salts. 

A  solution  in  water,  or  in  mineral  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup,  and  acidulated  with  citric  acid, 
makes  an  agreeable  purgative.  A  simple  solu- 
tion in  water  has  been  called  magnesian  lemonade. 
In  the  effervescing  state,  it  is  the  effervescing 
magnesian  lemonade.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  (1S51)  has  a  form  for  the  Liquor 
Magnesiae  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate  of  Mag- 
nesia. Take  of  Carbonate  of  magnesia,  £v  :  ci- 
tric acid,  gviiss  :  Syrup  of  citric  acid,  fjf  ij  : 
Water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Dissolve  the  citric 
acid  in  f^jiv  of  water,  and  add  giv  of  the  carbo- 
nate of  magnesia,  previously  rubbed  with  f^iij 
of  water.  When  the  reaction  has  ceased,  filter 
into  a  strong  f|jxij  glass  bottle,  into  which  the 
syrup  of  citric  acid  has  been  previously  intro- 
duced. Rub  the  remaining  carbonate  of  magne- 
sia with  f  ^ij  of  water,  and  pour  the  mixture  into 
the  bottle,  which  must  be  well  corked,  and  secured 
with  twine,-  and  shake  the  mixture  occasionally 
until  it  becomes  transparent.  As  a  cathartic  the 
whole  of  this  may  be  taken. 

Magnesia  Hypocarbonas,  M.  carbonas  —  m. 
Subcarbonas,  M.  carbonas — m.  Vitriolicum,  Mag- 
nesias sulphas. 

Magnesia  Sulphas,  Sulphas  Magnesia?  puri- 
fica'ta,  Magnesia  vitriola'ta,  Sal  cathar'ticus 
ama'rus  seu  catharticum  amarum  seu  ama'rum 
seu  Anglica'num  seu  Epsomen'sis  seu  catharticus 
Anglica'nus  seu  Sedlicen'sis  seu  Ebsdamen'se  seu 
Seydschiltzen'se,  Terra  ama'ra  sulphu'rica,  Vitri- 
ol' icum  Magne'sitB,  Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  Epsom 
Salt,  Bitter  purging  Salt,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  mag- 
nesie, Scl  admirable  de  Lemery,  Sel  d'Egra.  Gene- 
rally obtained  from  sea-water.  Its  taste  is  bitter 
and  disagreeable.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal  i 
quantity  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  purgative  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  jfss  to  ^ij. 

MAGNESIAN  LEMONADE,  Magnesia 
citras.  ,  _, 

MAGNESIE  AER^E,  Magnesias  carbonas— 
— m.  Anglaise,  Magnesias  carbonas — m.  Blanche, 
Magnesia?  carbonas — m.  Brulee,  Magnesia  usta — 
;/(.  Carbonate  de,  Magnesias  carbonas  —  m.  Gaus- 
ti(j>te,  Magnesia  usta  —  m.  Citrate  de,  Magnesias 
citras — m.  Crayeuse,  Magnesiae  carbonas  —  ?n. 
Douce,  Magnesiae  carbonas  —  m.  Ejfervescente, 
Magnesiae  carbonas — m.  Moyenne,  Magnesiae  car- 
bonas— m.  Souscarbonate  de,  Magnesias  carbonas 
— m.  Sulfate  de,  Magnesias  sulphas. 

MAGNE'SII  CHLO'RIDUM,  Chloride  of 
Magne'sium,  Mu'riate  of  Magnesia.  This  bitter 
deliquescent  salt  has  been  given  as  a  mild  and 
effective  cholagogue  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  half 
an  ounce  to  the  adult.  Being  deliquescent,  it 
may  be  kept  dissolved  in  its  weight  of  water. 

MAGNESIUM,  see  Magnesia— m.  Chloride  of. 
Magnesii  chloridum  —  in.  Oxide  of,  Magnesia 
usta. 

MAGNET,  Magnes,  Magne'tes,  Ferrum  magnes 
nttracto'rium,  Sideri'tes,  Sideri'tis,  Lapis  hera- 
cle'us  seu  Syderi'tis  seu  nau'ticus,  Magni'tis,  so 
called  from  Magnes,  its  discoverer,  or  from  Mag- 
nesia, where  it  is  said  to  have  been  first  found. 
(F.)  Aimant.  Pierre  d'Aimant.  The  magnet  or 
loadstone.  An  amorphous,  oxydulated  ore  of 
iron,  which  exerts  an  attraction  on  unmagnetized 
iron,  and  has  the  property  of  exhibiting  poles; 
that  is,  of  pointing  by  one  of  its  extremities  to 
the  north.  This  ore,  by  constant  or  long  rub-  i 
bing,  communicates  its  properties  to  iron  :  and 
thus  artificial  magnets  are  formed.  Magnetic 
«re  is  found  in  many  countries,  and  particularly  | 
in  the  island  of  Elba.     The  magnet  is  sometimes  | 


used  to  extract  spicula  of  iron  from  the  eye  or 
from  wounds.  It  has  been  employed  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic; but  acts  only  through  the  imagina- 
tion. The  powder  has  been  given  as  a  tonic.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  is  used  to  purify  iron  filings.  It 
attracts  the  iron,  and  the  impurities  remain  be- 
hind. It  formerly  entered,  as  an  ingredient,  into 
several  plasters,  to  draw  bullets  and  heads  of 
arrows  from  the  body  —  as  the  Emplastrum  divi- 
num  Nicolai,  the  Emplastrum  nigrum  of  Augs- 
burg, the  Opodeldoch,  and  Attractivum  of  Para- 
celsus, <fce. 

MAGNETES,  Magnet. 

MAGNET'IC,  Magnet' icus,  (F.)  Magn&tique. 
Same  etymon.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
magnetism  ; — mineral  or  animal. 

Magnetic  Fluid.  A  name  given  to  the  im- 
ponderable fluid  to  which  the  magnet  owes  its 
virtues.  By  analogy  it  is  applied  to  a  particular 
principle,  supposed  to  be  the  source  of  organio 
actions,  which  affects,  it  is  conceived,  the  ner- 
vous system  principally,  and  is  susceptible  of 
being  transmitted  from  one  living  body  to  an- 
other, by  contact  or  simple  approximation,  and 
especially  under  the  influence  of  fixed  volition. 
See  Magnetism,  Animal. 

Magnetic  Plaster.  A  plaster,  at  present, 
not  used.  It  has  for  its  base  a  mixture,  called 
Magnes  arsenica'lis ;  formed  of  equal  parts  of 
antimony,  sulphur  and  arsenic  melted  together  in 
a  glass  cucurbit.  The  name  Magnetic  plaster 
was,  likewise,  given  to  such  as  contained  pow- 
dered magnet. 

MAGNETINUS,  Potassae  supertartras  im- 
purus. 

MAG'NETISM,  AN'IMAL,  Mes'merism,Path'- 
etism,  Neuroga'mia,  Bioga'mia,  Biomagnetis'nnis, 
Zoomagnetis'mus,  Exon'eurism  (proposed  by  Mr. 
H.  Mayo),  Telluris'mus,  Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
Gar'gale,  Gargalis'mus,  Gar'ga/us.  Properties 
attributed  to  the  influence  of  a  particular 'prin- 
ciple, which  has  been  compared  to  that  which 
characterizes  the  magnet.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
transmitted  from  one  person  to  another,  and  to 
impress  peculiar  modifications  on  organic  action, 
especially  on  that  of  the  nerves.  The  discus- 
sions, to  which  this  strange  belief  has  given  rise, 
are  by  no  means  terminated.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence whatever  of  the  existence  of  such  a  fluid. 
Highly  impressible  persons  can  be  thrown  into  a 
kind  of  hysteric  or  'magnetic'  sleep  and  somnam- 
bulism, (designated  by  Mr.  Braid,  hyp'notism, 
neuro-hyp'notism,  and  nervous  sleep);  but  farther 
than  this,  the  efforts  of  the  magnetizer  cannot 
reach.  It  is  a  mode  of  action  upon  the  nerves 
through  the  medium  of  the  senses. 

MAGNETIZATION,  Mesmerization. 

MAGNETIZED,  Mesmerized. 

MAGNETIZER,  Mesmerizer. 

MAGNITIS.  Magnet. 

MAGNITUDO  CORPORIS,  Stature— m.  Gi- 
gantea,  see  Giant. 

MAGNOC,  Jatropha  manibot, 

MAGNOLIA  FRAGRANS,  M.  glauca. 

Magxo'lia  Glauca,  Magnolia,  M.  fragrans, 
Small  Magnolia,  Swamp  Sas'safras,  Elk  Earl:, 
Indian  Bark,  White  Laurel,  Street  Bay.  Beaver 
Wood,  Beaver  Tree,  White  Bay,  Cinchona  of 
Virginia,  Castor  Bay,  Sweet  or  Laurel  ynagnolia, 
(F.)  Magnolier  glauque.  Ord.  Magnoliaceas. 
The  bark  is  possessed  of  tonic  properties,  resem- 
bling those  of  eascarilla,  canella,  <tc.  The  same 
may  be  said  of  the  Magnolia  tripet'ala  seu  Um- 
brella, Umbrel'la  tree;  the  M.  aenmina'ta  or 
Cu' cumber  tree,  the  M.  grand  iff/ ra  and  M.  ma- 
crophy/'/a,  Laurel.  Elk  ico»d.  Silverleaf,  Big  leaf, 
White   Bay,   Beaver    Tree,   FA:    bark,  Big   bloom. 

Magnolia  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  the  bark  of  Magnolia 
glauca,  M.  acumiua'ta,  and  M.  tripet'ala. 


MAGNOLIER    GLAUQUE         5C3    ,      MA  LA  D I ES  AC  Q  VISES 


MAGNOLIER  GLAUQUE,  Magnolia  glauoa. 

M  \<;MM   DEI  DONUM,  Cinchona. 

Mag.ni  m  Os.     The  third  bone  of  the  lower  row 

of  the  carpus,  reckoning  from  the  thumb.  It  is 
tb«  largest  bone  of  the  carpus  ;  ami  is,  also,  called 
0*  capita1 'turn;  (F.)  Grand  Oa, 

MAGRUMS.     A  popular  name  in  the  State  of 

i  >rk   for  a  singular  convulsive   afifeotion, 

which  resembles  chorea.     It  rarely,  however]  eo- 

eurs  before  the  adult  age;   never   eeases   sponta- 

,  ami,  when   fully  developed,  id  devoid  of 

any  paroxysmal  character. 

MAGUEY,  Agave  Americana. 

MAHMOUDY,  Convolvulus  scamraonia. 

MAHOGAN  FEBRIFUGE,  Swietenia  febri- 

MAHOGANY,  Cynocladus  Canadensis.  Also, 
n  drink  in  use  among  the  Cornish  fishermen  of 
Bngland,  which  is  made  of  two  parts  gin  and  one 
part  treacle,  well  beaten  together.  An  analogous 
drink  —  a  mixture  of  whisky  and  honey,  (see 
Mead,  under  Hydromel,)  is  known  in  the  High- 
lends  of  Scotland  by  the  name  At/in/  porridge. 

M  viiim;  wv  Mountain,  Betula  lenta — m.  Tree, 
Bwietenin  mahngani. 

M  \I  ^NTHEMUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

MAIDENHAIR,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris — 
m.  American,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  in.  Canada, 
Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Common,  Asplenium 
trichomanoides  —  m.  Golden,  Polytrichuin —  m. 
White.  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

MAIDENHEAD,  Virginity. 

MAIDENHOOD,  Virginity. 

MAIEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAIEUMA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUSIS,  Parturition. 

MAIEUTA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUTER,  Accoucheur. 

MAIEUTES,  Accoucheur. 

MAIEUTICA  ARS,  Obstetrics. 

MAIGREUR.  Emaciation. 

MA1LLET,  Mallet. 

MAILLOT,  Swathing  clothes. 

MAIN,  .Manus. 

MAIRANIA  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus  urva  ursi. 

if  A  IS,  Zea  mays. 

WATSON  PETITE,  Morotrophium. 

MAJOR  HEL'ICIS.  A  narrow  band  of  mus- 
cular fibres  situate  upon  the  anterior  border  of 
the  helix  of  the  ear,  just  above  the  tragus. 

MAJORANA,  Origanum  majorana  —  m.  Ilor- 
Unsis,  Origanum  majorana  —  m.  Syriaca,  Teu- 
crium  marum. 

M  A  R  ROCEPHALUS,  Macrocephalus. 

MAL   D'AMOUR,  Odontalgia. 

UAL   DES  ARDENS.     A  name  given  to  a 
-   of  pestilential  erysipelas  or  Saint  Antho- 
ny't  prp,  which  reigned  epidemically  in  France, 
in  11 

MAL     D'AVEXTURE,    Paronychia  —  m.    di 

Scherlievo  —  m.  Caduc,  Epilepsy  —  m.de 

Tetanus. 

MAI.  DE  ('III ME E  (P.),  TJpre  des  Coaeaquea, 

Tau'rica.      A    variety    of    lepra    in     the 

Crimea. 

MAL   DE  DENT,  Odontalgia—  m.  d'Eetomac, 
Chthonopbagia  —  m.  Divin,  Epilepsy  —  m.  tTEn- 
I'aius  (Labour) — m.  <fi  Fiume,  Scherlievo  — 
n.  Franca  it,  Syphilis— m,  de  Gorge,  Cynanchc — 
vi.  Gmnd,  see  Epilepsy — m.  ffaut,  Epilepsy — m. 
«/.-    M&ekoire,  Trismus  —  m.  d,   Mer,  Nausea   ma- 
rina— in.  il<  Mire,  Ilv-teria  —  m.  de  Miaire,  Pel- 
pit.  '/'•   Montague,    Puna  —  m.   de   Naplet, 
Syphilis—  ,„.  Petit,  sec  Epilep«y — m.  <Lh  Pied*  et 
tine.  Aerndynia — m.  Rtgionale,  Endemy— 
in.  ih  la  Rom,  Pellagra — m.  du  Rot,  Scrofula — m. 
Rouge  de  Cayenne,  Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne — >n. 
Saint  Antoine,  Erysipelas  —  m.  Saint  Jean,  Epi- 


lepsy— v>.  Saint  Main,  Lepra,  Psora — m.  di 
lievo,  Scherlievo— m.  de  Siam,  Fever,  yellow. 

MAL  DE  SAN  LAZARO,  Ooeobay.  A  le- 
prous disease,  eommoo  in  Colombia,  8.  America. 

MAL  DHL  soli:.  Pellagra  —  tn.  de  Sologne, 

Ergotism — ;//.    r/«    Tirrr.    Epilepsy —  ///.    d     '/'•'/. , 

Cephalalgia— m.  d<L   Vallc,  Prootoeaee — m.  Vttt, 

Bee  Anthrax. 

.MALA,  Gena  —  m.  Aurea,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium. 

M  LLABATH'RINUM.  Ancient  name  of  an 
ointment  and  a  wine,  into  which  the  maiabathruM 
entered. 

MALABA'THRUM,  Cadeji-IndL  The  leaves 
of  a  tree  of  the  Last  Indies.  These  leaves  en- 
tered into  the  theriac,  mithridate,  and  other  an- 
cient electuaries.  They  are  believed  to  be  from 
a  species  of  laurel — Laurne  Oaatia  ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  Leutrut  Malabathrum,  The 
O'lrum  Malahathri  is  obtained  from  it. 

MALACCAS  RADIX,  Sagittariuin  alcxiphar- 
maeum. 

M  \LACIIE,  Malva  rotundifolin. 

MALA'CIA,  from  paln/aa,  'softness.'  A  de- 
pravation of  taste,  in  Which  an  almost  universal 
loathing  is  combined  with  an  exclusive  longing 
for  some  particular  article  of  food.  If  the  pa- 
tient desires  substances  that  are  noxious  or  not 
eatable,  it  constitutes  Pica,  Piaeo'aie,  Pitto'eia, 
Heterorex'ia,  Heterorrhex'ia,  Ciosn,  Oitto'eie, 
Citta,  Limo'eia  Pica,  Allotriopha'gia,  Picacis'- 
niiis,  Pica1  tin,  Depra'ved  ap'petite,  (F.)  Envfe. 
These  symptoms  accompany  several  nervous  af- 
fections,—  those  of  females  in  particular.  In 
pregnancy  it  is  common,  and  is  termed  Longing. 

Malacia  Africanorum,  Chthonophagia  —  m. 
Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 

MALACI8MUS,  Mollifies. 

MALACOGASTER,  Gastromalaxia. 

MALACOPIIO'NUS,  from  ,iaX,iKia.  'softness,' 
and  <,Wi'77.  'voice.'     One  who  has  a  soft  voice. 

M  \LAC0P03A.  Emollients. 

MALACORIUM,  see  Panic*  granatum. 

MALACOSARCO'SIS,  from  /xaXaKos,  'soft,'  and 
o-iipl,  capicos,  'flesh.'  State  of  softness  of  tho 
muscular  system. 

MALACOSIS,  Moilities— m.  Cerebri.  Mollifies 
cerebri — m.  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia — m.  Ilepatis, 
Hepatomalaeia — m.  Uteri.  Hysteromalacia. 

MAL  ICOSTEON,  Moilities  ossium. 

M  ILACOSTEOStS,  Moilities  ossium. 

M  \LACT1CA.  Emollients. 

MALACTICUM,  Relaxant. 

MALADE.  Sick. 

MAL  AD  IE,  Disease — ?».  Anglaiee,  Hypochon- 
driasis—  oi.  Blette,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  de  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bri<rht's  disease  of  the — vi.  Bullenae,  se.> 
Bnlloas,  Pemphigus  —  m.  de  Grnveilheir,  see 
Brash,  weaning  —  m.  Cuevlaire,  Pertussis  —  vi. 
Glanduletire,  Elephantiasis  Arabics  —  m.  Tmagi- 
naire,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria — iii.  Mi  rruriclle, 
Hvdranryriasis. 

'MALA  DIE  DES  MIX  EEL'S.  Anscmia  oc- 
curring in  the  workers  in  mines. 

MA  LA  DIE  NOIRE,  Melsena  —  m.  du  Page, 
Nostalgia  —  m.  Pidiculaire,  Phtheiriosis  —  m.  de 
Pott,  Vertebral  disease — /».  Typhofde,  see  Typhna 
— m.  Vinirlenne,  Syphilis — m.  de  Vinnn,  Syphilis 
— m.  de  Werlhof,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

MALADIES ACQUISES,  Acquired disi 
in.  A  a  mi'  Ilea, Annual  diseases— m.Ch roniqnea, Chro- 
nic diseases  —  m.  Connfea,  Connate  diseases  —  m. 
Diaaimultea,  Feigned  diseases-  -m. Extern* a,  Exter- 
nal  diseases  — m.  Feintt »,  Feigned  diseases  -  tn.HS- 
riditairea,  Hereditary  diseases— r*n.  Inniea,  [nnate 
— //i.  Lfgitimea,  see  Legitimate — ///.  Ner- 
reuaea,  Nervous  diseases  —  m.  ileligieuaea,  Reli- 
gions diseases  —  tn.  SinuUea,  Feigned  diseases—* 


31 A  LAD  IF 


5  64 


MALLEUS 


m.    Sporadiquc*,    see    Sporadic  —  m.    Sitpposies, 

Feigned  diseases — m.  Ventcuses,  Pneumatosis. 
MALADfF,  Sickly. 
MA  L  A  I)  11  Ell  IE,  Ladrerie. 
MALADY,  ENGLISH,  Hypochondriasis. 

MAL2E  OS,  from  malum,  '  an  apple  ;'  so  called 
from  its  roundness.  Zygo'ma,  Os  mala' re  seu 
Juga'le  sen  Jugamen' turn  seu  Genoe  seu  Zygomat'i- 
cttm  seu  Hypo' pi um  seu  Subocida're  seu  Pudi'- 
vum,  (F.)  Os  Malaire  ou  Zygomatique  ou  de  la 
Pommette.  The  cheek  or  malar  bone.  This  bone 
is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  superior  part  of  the 
face  ;  and  constitutes  the  zygomatic  region  of  the 
cheek.  It  is  irregularly  quadrilateral.  Its  outer 
surface  is  convex,  covered  by  muscles  and  skin, 
and  pierced  with  canals,  called  malar,  through 
■which  vessels  and  nerves  pass.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  concave,  and  forms  part  of  the  orbit.  Its 
posterior  surface  is  concave,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  temporal  fossa.  This  bone  is 
thick  and  cellular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal,  temporal,  sphenoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones,  and  is  developed  b}r  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 

The  part  of  the  face  rendered  prominent  by 
it,  the  French  call  Pommette. 

MALAG'MA,  from  ixaXaaao),  'I  soften.'  An 
emollient  cataplasm,  and,  in  general,  every  local 
application  which  enjoys  the  property  of  soften- 
ing organic  tissues. 

MALAIRE,  Malar. 

MALAISE,  Indisposition. 

MALAKIEN,  Mollities. 

MALAMBO  BARK,  Marias. 

MALANDERS,  Malandria. 

MALAN'DRIA.  A  species  of  lepra  or  elephan- 
tiasis.—  Marcellus  Empiricus.  Md'anders  or 
Mall'enders,  is  a  disease  of  the  horse,  which  con- 
sists of  a  scurfy  eruption  on  the  inside  of  the 
hock,  or  a  little  below  it,  as  well  as  at  the  bend 
of  the  knee.  It  is  called  Malleiiders  in  the  fore- 
leg, and  Sallenders  in  the  hind  leg. — Youatt. 

MALAXDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected  with 
malandria. 

MALAR,  Maln'ris,  (F.)  Malaire,  from  mala, 
'the  cheek/  Belonging  to  the  cheek,  —  as  the 
malar  bone. 

Malar  Process,  Zvgomatic  process. 

MALARE  OS,  Malae  os. 

MALARIA,  Miasm. 

MALA'RIOUS,  Mala'rial.  Owing  to,  or  con- 
nected with  Malaria, — as  a  malarious  soil,  mala- 
rious disease,  &c. 

MALASSIMILA'TI0N,i!fa/o»8?»n»7a/ftoy  from 
mala,  'bad,'  and  assimilatio,  'assimilation.'  Im- 
perfect or  morbid  assimilation  or  nutrition. 

MAL'AXATE,  Molli're,  Subig"ere,Malacissa'- 
re,  (F.)  Malaxer,  from  /uzAao-o-w, '  I  soften.'  To  pro- 
duce softening  of  drugs,  by  kneading  them.  The 
process  is  called  Malaxa'tion,  Malaxa'tio. 

MALAXATIOX.  see  Malaxate. 

MALAXIA  YENTRICULI,  Gastromalaxia. 

MALAXIS,  Mollities  —  m.  Cordis,  Cardioma- 
lacia — m.  Hepatiea,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

MALAY,  see  Homo. 

MALAZISSA'TUS,  3Ia!aeissa'tus,  same  ety- 
mon as  Malaxate.  One  in  whom  the  testicles 
have  not  descended.  It  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously with  emascula'tus  and  muliera'tus. — 
Cast  el  li. 

MALCE,  Chilblain. 

MALE,  Mas,  Mas' cuius.  Of  the  sex  that  be- 
gets young.  Xot  female.  "What  belongs  to  the 
male  sex;   as  the  male  organs  of  generation. 

Male,  Axilla. 

Male  Organ,  Penis. 

MALE  DI  BREXO,  see  Scherlievo  —  m.  Sca- 
bioso  venerea.  Scherlievo. 

MALEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 


MALFORMA'TIOX,  mal/orma'tio,  malconfor- 
ma'tio  ;  from  mal,  and  forma,  'form.'  A  wrong 
formation  ;  or  irregularity  in  the  structure  of 
parts.     See  Monster. 

MAL  HER  BE,  Plumbago  Europaea. 

MALIA,  see  Equinia. 

MALIASMUS,  Malis,  see  Equinia. 

MALICE,  Althaea. 

MALTCHORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALICORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALIE,  Equinia. 

MALIG'XAXT,  Malig'nus,  (F.)  Malin.  A 
term  applied  to  any  disease  whose  symptoms  are 
so  aggravated  as  to  threaten  the  destruction  of 
the  patient.  A  disease  of  a  very  serious  charac- 
ter, although  it  may  be  mild  in  appearance;  — 
Morbus  malign  us. 

MALIN,  Malignant. 

MALIXG'ERER;  from  (F.)  malingre, «  sicklyj 
A  simulator  of  disease,  so  termed  in  the  British 
military  service. 

MALTS,  Malias'mos,  Cuta'neous  x^ermina'tion, 
Ifclminthon'cus.  The  cuticle  or  skin  infested 
with  animalcules, —  PJithiri'asis,  Petrositis' mil* 
superfic'iei.  In  Persia,  this  affection  is  produced 
by  the  Guinea  worm  ;  in  South  America,  by  the 
Chigre;  and  in  Europe,  occasionally  by  the 
Louse.     See  Equinia,  and  Phtheiriasis. 

Malts  Dracunculus,  Dracunculus — m.  Gordii, 
Dracunculus — m.  Pediculi,  Phtheiriasis. 

MALLEXDERS,  Malandria. 

MALLE'OLAR,  Malleola'ris,  from  malleolus, 
'the  ankle.'  (F.)  Malleolaire.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  ankles. 

Malleolar  Arteries  are  two  branches  fur- 
nished by  the  anterior  tibial  about  the  instep  ; 
the  one — the  internal — passes  transversely  behind 
the  tendon  of  the  tibialis  anticus,  to  be  distributed 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  malleolus  internus  :  —  the 
other  —  the  external  —  glides  behind  the  tendons 
of  the  extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  and  the 
peroneus  brevis,  and  sends  its  branches  to  the 
parts  Avhich  surround  the  outer  ankle,  as  well  as 
to  the  outer  reeion  of  the  tarsus. 

MALLE'OLUS.  Diminutive  of  malleus,  '  a 
mallet,  or  hammer;'  Race'ta,  Raste'ta,  Rascha, 
Rasetta,  Rase'ta,  Sphyra,  Talus,  Diab'ebos,  Ta- 
le'olus,  Peza,  Anlde,  (Prov.)  Anclcr,  Anclet, 
Ancliff,  Anclow,  Anlcley,  Rich.  (Sc.)  Cute,  Coot 
Hanc'lcth,  Heather-clu,  (F.)  Malleole.  Cheville  du 
Pied.  The  two  projections  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  leg  at  their  inferior  part.  The  inner  be- 
longs to  the  tibia  :  the  outer  to  the  fibula.  The 
ankles  afford  attachment  to  ligaments:  and  each 
has  a  sort  of  gutter,  in  which  certain  tendons 
slide.     See  Malleus. 

MALLET,  Malleolus,  (F.)  Maillet.  A  kind 
of  hammer,  used  with  a  gouge  for  removing  or 
cutting  bones,  in  certain  surgical  and  anatomical 
operations. 

MAL'LEUS,  JIalle'olus,  Ossic'uhim  Malleolo 
assimila'tum,  (F.)  Marteau.  The  longest  and 
outermost  of  the  four  small  bones  of  the  ear.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  tympanum,  and 
is  united  to  the  membrana  tympani.  It  has,  1. 
An  ovoid  head,  which  is  articulated  behind  with 
the  incus,  and  is  supported  by  a  narrow  part 
called  the  neck:  this  has.  anteriorly,  a  long  apo- 
physis, which  is  engaged  in  the  glenoid  fissure, 
and  is  called  the  Apophysis  or  Process,  Proces'sus 
grac"ih's,  of  Rau.  It  affords  attachment  to  the 
anterior  seu  externus  mallei  muscle.  2.  A  handle, 
which  forms  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  neck,  and 
corresponds  to  the  membrane  of  the  tympanum, 
which  it  seems  to  draw  inwards.  It  is  furnished 
at  its  upper  extremity  with  a  process  —  the  pro- 
cessus brevis,  to  which  the  internus  mallei  is  at- 
tached. This  bone  is  developed  by  a  single  point 
of  ossification. 


MALLOW,    COMMON' 


M  A  M  M  A  R  V 


M  ulcus,  Equinia — M.  farciminosus,  poo  Rqui- 
nia — ni.  Slender  Process  of  the,  QrtU  apojthyee 
du  martt  ■m. 
M  \U."W.  COMMON,  M-ilva— in.  Compound 
Mini  malvas  compositura —  in. 
In.lian,  Abutilon  Avicennse — m.  Yellow,  Abutilon 
A  \  i '  •  <  ■  1 1 1 1 :  t- . 

M  VLLS.  Rubeoln. 

M  IL'MEDY,  MINEB  \L  WATERSOP.  Mai- 
medy  is  a  town  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  between  Spa 
an  1  Coblenz.     In  its  immediate  vicinity  are  seve- 
idulous  chalybeate  springs. 
MALO  l>l  SCARLIEVO,  Scherli 

,OOK  WATI'M.  Punica  granatum. 
LPIGHI,    ACINI     OF,    c.rpora    Malpi- 

MALRIG'niA    MOUREL'LA,   (F.)  Jfoureil- 
-    narouba  faux.     The  bark  of  this  shrub — 
a  native  of  Cayenne  —  is  reputed  to  be  febrifuge, 
mil  useful  in  diarrhoea. 

MALPIGHIAN   BODIES,  Corpora  Malpighi- 
ii.  b.  Inflammation  of  the.  Kidney.  Bright's 
of  the — in.  b.  of  the  Spleen,  see  Spleen. 
MALPRAX'IS,  Mala  praxis,  Malum  reg"imen. 

management  or  treatment. 
MALT,  Sax.  mealr.  Dutch,  moat,  Teut. 
malt:  from  ualarrta,  'I  soften:'  [?]  Byne,  Mai- 
timi,  ffor'dei  maltum,  Bra'eium,  (F.)  Driche.  Bar- 
ley male  to  germinate,  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
[|  has  been  recommended  in  medicine,  as 
Antiscorbutic,  antiscrofulous,  Ac. 

Mam-  Spirit.     A  spirit  distilled  from  malt.    It 
is  the  hasis  of  most  of  the  spirituous  cordials. 

MALTA,    CLIMATE    OF.      The    climate  of 
Malta  is  pretty  equable,  the  range  of  tempera- 
ture in   the   twenty-four  hours  being  rarely  more 
th  in  6°.     The  air  is  almost  a!  way-  dry  and  clear. 
The  most  disagreeable  wind  is  the  sirocco,  which 
-  mrce  of  more  or  less  suffering  to  the  pul- 
monary  invalid.      The   winter  climate  is  favour- 
able.     l>r.  Liddcll  thinks   that  no  place  which  he 
uth  of  Europe  can  compete  with 
Malta,  fur  a  mild,  dry,  bracing  air  in  November, 
iber,  and  part  of  January:   and  during  the 
other  winter  and  spring  months,  he  thinks  it  is 
Cijual  to  any  of  them. 

MALTHA,   dlalt/ie,  from    uaXarru,  'I  soften.' 
Wax,  particularly  soft  wax. 
MA  I.  I'll  VCTICA,  Emollients. 
M  \I.TI!  AXIS.  Mollities. 

MALI  M,  Disease,  Melum  —  m.  Artioulorum, 
Gout — m.  Caducum,  Epilepsy — m.  Caducum,  pul- 
saonura,  Asthma  —  in.  Canum,  see  Pyrus  cydonia 
— m.  Coense,  Averrhoa  carambola — in.  Cotoneum, 
rua  cydonia  —  m.  Hypochondriacum,  Hy- 
pochondriasis—  m.  Hystericura,  Hysteria— m.  In- 

Mtoura, Solanum  Melongenn — m.  Iscbiadicum, 

Meoralgia  femoro-poplitaea— m.  Lazari,  Elephan- 

rsicum,  Solanum  lycopcrsicum. 

Malum    Mor'tuhm.      A  Bpecies   of  lepra,    in 

I  portions  of  skin  seem   to  be 

■track  with  death. 

M  \i  t  m  Pilark,  Trichosis— m.  Pottii,  Vertebral 

I'rimaritim.  Idiopathia — in.  Regimen, 

m.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium  — 

m.  Ti  rrestre,  Atropa  Mandragora — m.  Venereum, 

ills. 

MALUS,    Pyrus   mains  —  in.   Aurantia    major, 

aurantium— m.  Communis,  Pyrus  mains — 

in.  Duypbylla,  Pyrus  main-. 

M  u.i  s    [ji'dica,    Bilnmbi  biting-bing  of    Bon- 
tins.     Ord.  I  The  juiceof  this  East  In- 

dia  tree   in    cooling,  and    is    drunk    ai   a  cure  tor 
The  leaves,  boil,.  ]  and  made  into 
with  rice,  are  famed  in  all  ><>rts  of  tumours. 
:  with   arrack,  is  drank  for  the 
cure  of  diarrhoea.     The  ripe   fruit  is  eaten  a-  a 
I    tin'   unripe   is   made  into   a  pickle 
for  the  use  of  the  table. 


M  w  r>  Livonia  Alio  v.  Bee  citrus  medics — m. 
Medica,  see  Citrus  inediea—  m.  Sylvestris,  Pyrus 
mains. 

MALVA,  Maloa  nloea'trit  seu  tntlga'ri*,  Pom- 
mo**    Mallow,    (F.)   Mauve  tauvage.     Ord.    Mal- 

The  leaves  and  Bowers  are  chie  I; 
in  fomentations,  cataplasms,  and  emollient  ene- 
mata.     Its  properties  are  demulcent 

Malta  rotundifo'lia,  Slal'aehi,  MaVochi,  has 
like  virtues:   as  well  as  the  other  varieties. 

MALVAVISCUM,  Altbsoa, 

MALVERN,  WATER8  OF.  The  village  of 
Great  Malvern,  (pronounced  Maw'vern,)  in  Wor- 
cestershire, England,  has    for  many  years  been 

celebrated  for  a  spring  of  remarkable  purity, 
which  has  acquired  the  name  of  the  Holy  well. 
It  is  a  carbonated  water;  containing  carbonates 
and  iron;  sulphate  of  Boda,  and  chloride 
of  sodium  :  and  is  chiefly  used  externally,  in  cu- 
taneous affections. 

MAMA-PIAN.  (Y.)  Maman-pian.  An  ulcer 
of  ji  bad  aspect,  which  is  the  commencement  of 
the  plan  :  and  which,  after  having  destroyed  the 
flesh,  extends  to  the  bones.  It  is  also  called  the 
Mother  of  Plane  ; — La  mire  dee  pi  ana. 

MAM  LI,  Matnoe,  Mdmin  or  Toddy  free.    From 
incisions  made  in  the   branches  of  this  West  In- 
dian tree,  a  copius  discharge  of  pellucid  liquor 
occurs,  which  is  called  mom  in  or  Toddy  trine.     It 
is  very  diuretic,  and  is  esteemed  to  be  a  good  an- 
tilithic  and  lithontriptic. 
MAMELLE,  Mamma. 
MAMELON,  Nipple. 
MAMELONNE,  Mammillated. 
MAMELON&   DU   REIN,    Papilla    of  the 
kidney. 

MAM  ILL  A,  Mammula,  see  Mamma. 
MAMMA,  from  mamma,  one  of  the  earliest 
cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  a  desire  for  food. 
Maethoe,  Maetue,  Maeoe,  Thele,  Titthoe,  Titty, 
Ruma,  Cher,  ovSafj,  Nutrix,  Gemip'oma.  The 
female  In-east,  Pap,  Pappe,  (Mammil'la,  MamilUi 
being  the  male  breast;)  (F.)  Mamelle.  A  glan- 
dular organ,  proper  to  a  class  of  animals  —  the 
mammalia  —  and  intended  for  the  Becretion  of 
milk.  The  mammas  exist  in  both  sexes,  but  they 
acquire  a  much  greater  size  in  the  female:  • 
ally  during  pregnancy  and  lactation.  In  women, 
before  the  age  of  puberty,  the  breasts  are  but 
little  developed.  At  this  period,  however,  to- 
wards the  central  part  of  each  breast,  the  skin 
suddenly  changes  colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy 
tint.  It  is  of  a  reddish  brown  in  women  who 
have  suckled  several  children.  This  circle  has  a 
rugous  appearance,  owing  to  the  presence  <>!' 
sebaceous  glands,  and  is  called  Are',, In  or  Aurc'- 
ola.  These  glands—  Tubercle*  of  the  Are,, I,,,  of 
Sir  A-tley  Cooper — furnish  an  unctUOUE  fluid  tor 
defending  the  nipple  from  the  action  of  tin'  saliva 
of  the  Bucking  infant.  In  the  midst  of  tin'  aure- 
ola is  the  nipple,  a  conoidal  eminence,  of  a  rosy 

tint,    susceptible   of  erection,   and   at   the   surface 

of  which  the  galactophorous  ducts  open.    Besides 

in  covering  them,   the   breasts  .are,  .also, 

composed  of  a  layer  of  fatty  areolar  tissue,  more 

or  less  thick  :  of  a  large  gland  :  excretory  ducti  ; 

See  Mammary. 

In  the  animal,  the  mamma  is  called  the  Udder, 

.  I '/',  r,  the  Bag. 
The  breasts,  plus  the  space  between,  are  called 
•  •/;/,  tinw,  Cotpot  (KoXnOi).      At  times,   these 
terms    arc    restricted    to    the    space    between   the 
breast*.     (  F.  |  Sein, 

Mamma  also  menni  a  nurse. 
.1/1  1/1/1//.'/:.  Mammary. 
MAMMAL,    plural     Mamma' lia,    Mam'mifer, 
mammiferoue  animal}  from  mamma,  'a  breast.' 
An  animal  that  suckles  its  young. 
MAM'MARY,    Mamma' Hue,   (V.)   Mammairt, 


MAMMARY  ABSCESS 


566 


MANDRAGORITES 


from  mamma,  'the  breast.'  Relating  to  the 
breasts. 

Mammary  Abscess.  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

Mammary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into  —  1.  The  Internal 
Mammary,  Arte'ria  sterna' I  is,  A.  Sous-sternal 
(Ch.),  Internal  tkorac"ie.  It  arises  from  the  sub- 
clavian, and  descends  obliquely  inwards,  from  its 
origin  to  the  cartilage  of  the  third  rib.  Below 
the  diaphragm  it  divides  into  two  branches;  the 
one  external,  the  other  internal.  From  its  origin 
until  its  bifurcation,  it  gives  branches  to  the 
muscles  and  glands  of  the  neck,  to  the  thymus, 
mediastinum,  pericardium,  and  oesophagus.  In 
each  intercostal  space  it  gives  off  internal  and 
external  musculo-cutaneous  branches,  and  also, 
on  each  side,  the  su]>erior  diaphragmatic.  Its 
two  ultimate  branches  are  distributed  on  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  anastomose  with 
the  external  mammary,  intercostal,  lumbar,  cir- 
cumflexailii,  and  epigastric  arteries.  2.  The  Ex- 
ternal Mammary  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
superior  external  mammary.  First  of  the  thoracics 
(Ch.),  Superior  external  thoracic,  Superior  tho- 
racic, is  furnished  by  the  axillary  artery.  It 
descends  obliquely  forwards  between  the  pector- 
alis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  to  which  it  is 
distributed  by  a  considerable  number  of  branches. 
The  inferior  external  mammary,  the  second  of  the 
thoracics  (Ch.),  Long  or  inferior  thoracic,  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery,  a  little  below  the  pre- 
ceding. It  descends  vertically  over  the  lateral 
part  of  the  thorax;  curves,  afterwards,  inwards; 
becomes  subcutaneous  and  divides  into  a  number 
of  branches,  which  surround  the  breast.  It  gives 
branches  to  the  pectoralis  major,  serratus  major 
anticus,  the  intercostal  muscles,  the  glands  of 
the  axilla,  and  the  intesruments  of  the  breast. 

Mammary  Glaxd,  Glan'dula  lactif'era,  is  the 
secretory  organ  of  the  milk.  It  is  situate  in 
the  substance  of  the  breast,  to  which  it  gives 
shape.  The  tissue  of  this  gland  results  from 
the  assemblage  of  lobes  of  different  size,  united 
intimately  by  a  dense  areolar  tissue.  Each  of 
these  is  composed  of  several  lobules,  formed  of 
round  granulations,  of  a  rosy  white  colour,  and 
of  the  size  of  a  poppy  seed.  The  glandular 
grains  give  rise  to  the  radicles  of  the  excretory 
canals  of  the  mamma,  which  are  called  galac- 
tophorous  or  lactiferous.  These  excretory  vesr 
sels  unite  in  ramusculi,  rami,  and  in  trunks  of 
greater  or  less  size  ;  collect  towards  the  centre  of 
the  gland ;  are  tortuous,  very  extensible,  and 
semi-transparent.  All  terminate  in  sinuses, 
situate  near  the  base  of  the  nipple,  which  are 
commonly  from  15  to  18  in  number.  These 
sinuses  are  very  short,  conical,  and  united  by  are- 
olar tissue.  From  their  summits,  a  fasciculus  of 
new  ducts  sets  out,  which  occupy  the  centre  of 
the  nipple  and  open  separately  at  its  surface. 
The  arteries  of  the  mammary  gland  come  from 
the  thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal,  and  internal 
mammary.  The  veins  accompany  the  arteries  ; 
the  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  intercostals,  and 
brachial  plexus  ;  the  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
numerous,  and  form  two  layers.  They  commu- 
nicate with  those  of  the  thorax,  and  pass  into  the 
axillary  ganglions. 

Mam'mary  Sarco'ma,  Mastoid  sarcoma  of 
Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  sarcoma  mamma'rum.  A 
tumour,  of  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  mam- 
mary gland;  dense  and  whitish  ;  sometimes  softer 
and  brownish  ;  often  producing,  on  extirpation,  a 
malignant  ulcer  with  indurated  edges.  Found  in 
various  parts  of  the  body  and  limbs. 

Mammary  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  and  have  received  the  same  denomina- 
tions.    The  internal  mammary  vein,  of  the  right 


side,  opens  into  the  superior  cava:  that  of  the 
left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  external  mammary  veins  open  into  the  axil- 
lary vein. 

MAMME'A  AMERICA'NA,  (F.)  Abricot  tan- 
nage. Ord.  Grtittifcrae.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  tree  on  which  the  mammee  or  mamei  fruit 
grows.  This  fruit  has  a  delightful  flavour  when 
ripe;  and  is  much  cultivated  in  Jamaica,  where 
it  is  generally  sold  in  the  markets  as  one  of  the 
best  fruits  of  the  island. 

MAMMEA'TA,  Mammo'sa,  from  mamma,  l  the 
brea.st.'     One  who  has  large  breasts. 

MAMMELLA,  Nipple. 

MAMMIFER.  Mammal. 

MAMMTFEROUS  ANIMAL,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFORM,  Mastoid. 

MAMMILLA,  Mamma  (male).  Nipple. 

MAMMILLA  MEDULLARES,  see  Mammil- 
larv. 

MAMMILLARIS,  Mastoid. 

MAM'MILLARY,  Mammilla' ris,  from  Mam- 
milla., 'a  small  breast,  a  nipple.'     See  Mastoid. 

Mammillary  Em'inente  is  a  name  given,  1. 
To  more  or  less  marked  prominences  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  cor- 
respond to  the  anfractuosities  of  the  cranium. 
2.  To  white,  round,  medullary  tubercles,  of  the 
size  of  a  pea,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  he- 
hind  the  gray  substance  from  which  the  Tige 
pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists,  arises. 
These  Mammillary  Tu'hercles,  Cor'pora  albican'* 
iia  seu  Candican'tia  seu  Mammilla' ria  seu  Pisi- 
for'mia.  Bnlbi  for'nicis,  Jfammillce  seu  Glob'uli 
medulla'res,  Prominentia?  albican'tes,  Proces'sus 
mammilla'res  cer'ebri,  Protensio'nes  glandula'res, 
Eminen'tiai  candican'tes,  Prio'rum  crurnm  for'- 
nicis bulbi,  Willis's  Glands,  (F.)  Bulbes  de  la 
route  d  trois  jyiliers,  Tubercles  pisi formes  (Ch.), 
are  united  to  each  other  by  a  small  grayish  band, 
which  corresponds  with  the  third  ventricle.  They 
receive  the  anterior  prolongations  of  the  fornix. 

Some  ancient  anatomists,  taking  the  nervous 
trunks,  to  which  Willis  first  gave  the  name  of 
olfactory  nerves,  for  simple  appendages  of  the 
brain,  called  them,  an  account  of  their  shape, 
Carun'enla  mammilla'res.  Vesalius,  Fallopir.s, 
Columbus,  and  several  others,  termed  them  Pro- 
ces'sus  mammilla'res  cer'ebri  ad  nares.  They 
have  also  been  called  Trigo'na  olfacto'ria. 

MAM'MILLATED,  (F.)  Ilamelonne,  from 
mamma,  'the  female  breast.'  That  which  has 
mammiform  projections  on  its  surface. 

Mammillated  Liver.  Cirrhosis. 

MAM  MITE,  Mastitis. 

MAMMITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAMMOSA,  Mammeata. 

MAM'MULA ;  diminutive  of  Mamma,  31a- 
mil'la.     A  small  breast. 

MAMOE,  Mamei. 

MAN,  Aner,  Anthropos,  Homo. 

MANAKIN.  Fantom. 

MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,Convolvnluspandur- 
atus  —  m.  of  the  Earth,  Convolvulus  pandnratus. 

MAXCEXILLIER,  Hippomane  mancinella. 

MAX  CHE  B' HIPP  OCR  ATE,  Change. 

MANCIIINEEL,  Hippomane  mancinella. 

MANCUR ANA,  Origanum. 

MANDIBULA,  Maxillary  bone. 

MANDIBULARS  MUSCULUS,  Masseter. 

MANDIOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANDO,  Glutton. 

M  A  N  D  R  A  G  0  R  A,  Atropa  mandraeora — m. 
Acaulis,  Atropa  mandra^ora — m.  Officinalis, 
Atropa  mandragora  —  m.  Vernalis,  Atropa  man- 
dra  gora. 

MANDRAGORITES,  from  pavcfuiyopag,  the 
At'ropa  mandrag'ora  or  mandrake.  AVine  in 
which  the  roots  of  mandrake  have  been  infused. 


M  A  N  D  R  A  K  E 


5G7 


MANIODES 


MANDRAKE,  Atropa  mandragora,  Podophyl- 

lum  peltatum,  P.  montanam. 

.MAX/)/! IX  A    VIROULE,  see  BHt-eoque. 
MANDUCATIO,    Mastication  — - m.    Diffioilu, 
Bradymases  -. 

M  A  N'D  UCATORY,  Mandncato'rin*  ;  from 
atio,  '  mastication.'     Appertaining  or  re- 
2  to  mastication  :  —  as, 
M  vsni  catort  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 
M  WKTVUK.  Manoeuvre. 
M  \N  ti  "kNESE,   Mangane'eium,    Manga'nium. 
A  metal,  which  is  pretty  abundant  in  natnre  in  an 
oxidised  state.     It  is  of  a  grayish-white  colour, 
-  »me  varieties  of  cast  iron,  is  hard 
and  brittle,  and  destitute  of  magnetic  properties. 
gravity  al 
Manganese,    Black    Oxide   of,  Mangantftii 
ox'i'fni'1   sen    Binox'idum,    Tetrox'ide    of  manga- 
-■'.(  nigra,  3fangane'«ium  vitrario'rum 
sen  oxyda'tnm   nati'vnm   sen    nigrum  Beu  oekra'- 
cenni  nigrum  sen  oxyda'tnm  nafi'vum,  Man'ganum 
oxyda'tnm     nativum,     Molybdenum     magm  '«?*», 
i  man'gnni  nati'va,  Perox'ydnm  maugane'- 
§ii  nigrum   nativum,  Snperox'ydum   mangan'icum, 
•  manganese.      This  oxide  is  tmi 
much  used  in  medicine.     It  Ins  been  advised  to 
dn<t  the  affected  parts,  in   tinea   capitis,  with  the 
powder.     It  is  officinal  in  the  Edinburgh  phar- 
I  eia.  and  is  used  in  preparing  chlorine,  solu- 

tion of  chlorine,  and  solution  of  chlorinated  soda. 
Manganese,  Salts   of,  see   Manganese,  buI- 

*  MAXGANESE  OXYDE  NOIR  BE,  Man- 

.  black  oxide  of. 
Man'oanesb,  Sulphate  of,  Mangant'tii  Sul- 
li  Sulphas,   Sulphate   of  Pro- 
>  of  Man'ganese.     A  rose-coloured  and  very 

soluble  salt,  isomorphous  with  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia. It  is  prepared  on  a  lanre  scale  for  the  use 
of  the  dver.  by  heating,  in  a  close  vessel,  peroxide 
of  manganese  and  coal,  and  dissolving  the  im- 
pure protoxide,  thus  obtained,  in  sulphuric  acid, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  cholohydrio  acid 
towards  the  end  of  the  process.  The  solution  is 
evaporated  to  dryness,  and  again  exposed  to  a  red 
heat,  by  which  the  persulphate  of  iron  is  decom- 
posed. Water  then  dissolves  the  pure  sulphate 
of  manganese,  leaving  the  oxide  of  iron  behind. 
This    salt  has   been   recommended  as  a  chola- 

in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two. 

Thetalt*  of  manganese  have  been  recommended 

in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhoea,  and  as  substitutes 

nerally.     The  subcarbonate  and 

the  oxide  have  been  chiefly  employed. 

Manganese,  Tbtroxide  ok.  M.  Black  oxide  of. 

MANGANESn     BINOXIDUM,     Manganese, 

bla'k  oxide  of — m.  Oxidutn,  Manganese,  black 

Oxide  of— m.  Peroxydura  nigrum  nativum.  Man- 

.  black  oxide  of — m.    Protoxidi  sulphas. 

iiese,  sulphate  of — m.  Sulphas,  Manganese, 

SUlph:. 

MANG  CESIUM,  Manganese. 

Manganesium  Ochracedm  Nigruy,  Manga- 
lack  oxide  of — m.  Oxydatum  nativnm  seu 
nigrum,  Manganese,  black  oxide  of — m.  Vitra- 
rioruni.  Manganese,  black  oxide  <,f. 

MANG  AN]   OXODES  N  ATI  V  A,  Manganese, 

black  oxide  of. 

MANGANICUM    SUPER0X1DUM,   Manga- 
Dese.  black  oxide  of. 
M  W<;  \NHM.  Mane 
MANGANUM    OXYDATUM    NATIVUM, 

'.    black    oxide   of. 

M  \  '  ■<  ferina. 

II  INGIF'BRA    rN'DICA.  M.  domestic*,  from 

the  fruit,  and/'.,-.,,  -I  bear.'     The  Mango 

Ord.   Terebinthaoea.    A 

r  Asia,  an-1   in  South  America. 
■  ripe,  are  juicy,  of  a  good  flavour, 


and  so  fragrant   as  to  perfume  the  air  to  a  con- 
siderable distanoe.     They  arc  eaten,  either  raw  or 

i  with  sugar.     Prom  the  expressed  juice 

a  wine  is  prepared;  and  the  remainder  of  the  ker- 
nel can  be  reduced  to  an  excellent  flour  for  bread. 

MANGO  TREE,  Mangifera  [ndica. 

MANGONISATIO,  Falsification. 

MANGONIUM,   Falsification. 

MANGOSTAN,  Gareinia  mangostana 
MANGOSTANA,    Gareinia   mangostana  —  m. 
Cambogia,  Gareinia  eambogia — m.  Gareinia,  Gar- 
einia mangostana, 

MANGOUSTAN,  Gareinia  mangostana. 

MANGOSTEEN,  Gareinia  mangostana. 

MANGUIER,  Mangifera  Indies, 

M  tNHOOD,  A. Ink  a-e. 

MAM.  Arachis  hypogata. 

MA'NIA,  Furor,  Hemiantkro'pia,  Furor  sen 
Euphro'nia  sen  Ihlir'ium  mania,  fn$a'nia,  />■- 
lir'iitm  )ii(tiii'it<-um  seu  fnrio'ium,  Mania  univer- 
sa'lie,  Veaa'nia  mania,  (F.)  if  ante,  Hyperphrfnie, 
Raving  orfnrioua  madneaa,  (So.)  Wodneaj  from 
fimvoftai,  'lam  furious.'  With  some,  it  means  iw- 
tanitj.  Disorder  of  the  intellect,  in  which  there 
is  erroneous  judgment  or  hallucination,  which 
impels  to  acts  of  fury.  If  the  raving  be  not  di- 
rected to  a  single  object,  it  is  mania  properly  BO 
called:  if  to  one  object,  it  constitutes  monomania. 
which  term  is,  however,  usually  given  to  melan- 
choly. Mania  attacks  adults  chiefly:  and  wo- 
men more  frequently  than  men.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  About  one-third  never  n 
and  they  who  do  are  apt  to  relapse.  Separation 
j  is  one  of  the  most  effective  means  of  treatment, 
with  attention  to  the  corporeal  condition  and 
every  thing  that  can  add  to  the  mental  comfort 
of  the  patient,  nnd  turn  his  thoughts  away  from 
the  subjects  of  his  delusion.  In  the  violence  of 
the  paroxysms, recourse  must  be  had  to  the  strait 
waistcoat,  the  shower  bath,  &c.  Separation 
should  be  continued  for  some  weeks  during  con- 
valescence, with  the  view  of  preventing  a  relapse. 

Mania,  Dancing.  Dancing  }>l«<jne.  A  form 
I  of  convulsion,  which  lias  appeared,  at  various 
times,  epidemically  under  the  form  of  St.  Vitus's 
dance,  St.  John's  dance,  Tarantism,  Hysteria. 
Tigretier  fin  Abyssinia),  and  diseased  sympathy: 
and  which  has  been  fully  described  l>y  Ilecker  in 
his  •  Epidemics  of  the  Middle  Ages.'  See  Gon- 
vuUionnaire. 

Mania  Bpilvpttca,  see  Epilepsy — m.  Erotica, 
Erotomania  —  m.  Lactea,  M.  puerperal  —  m.  Me- 
lancholica,  Melancholy — m.  a  Pathemate,  Empa- 
thema — m.  a  Potu,  Delirium  tremens. 

Mania.  PUBR'PXBAL,  -'/.  }>n<rpcra'rum  acri'ta 
seu  jiiirrprr/i'lis  seu  lac* tea,  Fnea'nia  puerpera'- 
rum,  Encephalopathy  a  puerpera'li$,  Puor'peral 
Insanity.  Mania  which  supervenes  in  the  child- 
bed state. 

Maria  PtrnnranAntm  Acuta,  M.  puerperal  — 

m.  sine  Delirio,  Patbomania —  m.  a  Temulentia, 
Delirium  tremens  —  ,n.   Pellagrin,  Pellagra. 

MANIACAL,  Maniodea, 

MANIAOUS,  Maniodea. 

MANICA    HIPPOCR  ITIS,  Chaunse. 

MANICOCOMIUM,  Mnrotrophiu.it. 

MAX  IF.  Mania — «;.  mm  DHire,  Empatbema. 

MANIG1  ETTA,  Amomum  gran  a  paradisi. 

M  \MII'»T  DTILISSIM A, Jatropba  manihot. 

MANIIBAR,  Jatropba  manihot. 

MANIKIN.  Pantom. 

MANILU'VIUM,  Manulu'vium,  from  man*; 
'  the  hand.*  and  lavo,  '  I  wash.'  A  bath  for  the 
bauds.  It  may  be  rendered  stimulating,  by 
means  of  muriatic  acid,  mu-tard,  Ac. 

MANIOC,  Jatropba  manihot. 

MANIO'DES,  Manx' chum,  Mani'aml.  One  la- 
bouring under  mania;  Hemianthro'pu*,  I'tirio'sus, 
furibun'dus,  Lyesus,  Lysse'ter. 


MANIPULATION 


5  08 


MARIGOLD 


a   hand.' 


The  qunntity 
the  hand.     A 


m.  Briancon, 


MANIPULATION,    from    menus, 
Mode  of  working,  as  in  pharmacy 

MANIP'ULUS,  (F.)  Poignie. 
of  a  substance  capable  of  filling 
handful.      See  Fasciculus. 

MAN-MIDWIFE,  Accoucheur. 

MAXXA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  - 
see  Finns  larix. 

Manna  Biugantina,  see  Pinus  larix— m.  Cala- 
brina,  ^ee  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m.  Croup,  Semolina 
—  m.  Laricea,  see  Pinus  larix  —  in.  Metallorum, 
Hydrargvri  submurias. 

MANNEQUIN,  Fantom. 

MANNIKIN,  Fantom. 

31  A XXIX.  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MAXXITE.  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MANCEUVRE  (E.), pronounced  and  anglicized 
JIaneu'vre ;  from  main,  'the  hand/  and  oeuvre, 
•  work.'  A  dexterous  movement.  Applied  in 
France  to  the  practice  of  surgical  or  obstetrical 
operations  on  the  dead  body  or  phantom ;  Ope- 
ra'tin  ehirur'gica  seu  obstet'riea. 

MANSANA  ARBOREA.  see  Jujube. 

MANSFORD'S  PLATES,  see  Galvanism. 

MANSORIUS,  Buccinator. 

MAXSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MAXTELE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTI'A,  Man'tica,  Man'tice,  in  English, 
mancy  ;  a  common  suffix,  from  the  Greek,  deno- 
ting '  divination/  Divina'tio,  Preedivinatio,  Prce- 
su'ginm. 

MAXTILE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTLE,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

MANU'BRIUM,  from  manus,  'a  hand.'  The 
handle  of  any  thing:  —  as  manu'brium  mal'lei, 
petiolus  mal'lei.  'the  handle  of  the  malleus.' 

Manubrium,  Chasse — m.  Manus,  Radius. 

Manubrium  Sterni.  The  uppermost  broad 
part  of  the  sternum. 

MANULUVIUM,  Bath,  hand,  Maniluvium. 

MAXUS,  uaw,  'I  feel,'  uaopai,  'I  take,'  Cheir, 
Chir,  Tuatrumen'tum  Instrumento'rum,  Hand,  Pair, 
(F.)  Main.  The  part  which  terminates  the  upper 
extremity  in  man,  and  which  is  inservientto  pre- 
hension and  touch.  It  extends  from  the  fold  of 
the  wrist  to  the  extremity  of  the  fingers.  The 
hand  is  sustained  by  a  bony  skeleton,  composed 
of  a  number  of  pieces,  movable  on  each  other  ; 
of  muscles,  tendons,  cartilages,  ligaments,  ves- 
sels, nerves,  &c.  It  is  divided  into  three  parts — 
the  carpus  or  wrist,  the  metacarpus,  and  fingers. 
Its  concave  surface  is  called  the  palm  ;  the  con- 
vex surface  the  back  of  the  hand.  The  facility 
of  being  able  to  oppose  the  thumb  to  the  fingers 
in  order  to  seize  objects  forms  one  of  the  dis- 
tinctive characters  of  the  human  hand. 

Manus  Christi  Perla'ta.  A  name  anciently 
given  to  troches,  prepared  of  pearls  and  sugar  of 
roses.  They  were  called  Manus  Christi  sim'plices, 
when  pearls  were  not  employed. 

Manus  Dei.  An  ancient  plaster,  prepared  of 
u-a.r,  myrrh,  frankincense,  mastich,  gum  ammo- 
niac, galbanum,  oil,  &c.     See  Opium. 

Manus  HGpatis,  see  Liver  —  m.  Jecoris,  see 
Liver — m.  Parva  majori  adjutrix,  see  Digitus. 

MANUSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MANUSTUPRATOR,  Masturbator. 

MANYPLIES,  Omasum. 

MAPLE.  Acer  saccharinum — m.  Ground,  Heu- 
chera  cortusa — m.  Red,  Acer  rubrum — m.  Striped, 
Acer  Pennsvlvanicum. 

MARAIS,  Marsh. 

MARANSrS,  Atrophy. 

MAR  ANT  A,  Arrow-root  —  m.  Arundinacea, 
Arrow-root. 

Maran'ta  Galan'gA,  Alpi'nia  galan'ga,  Amo'- 
mnm  galanga,  Galanga.  Orel.  Zingiberacea?. 
The  smaller  gahni'gal.  Two  kinds  of  galangal 
ure  mentioned  in  the  pharmacopoeias ;  the  greater, 


obtained  from  Kampferia  galanga,  and  the 
smaller,  from  the  root  of  Maranta  galanga.  The 
dried  root  is  brought  from  China,  in  pieces  from 
one  to  two  inches  in  length,  but  scarcely  half  as 
thick;  branched:  full  of  knots  and  joints,  with 
several  circular  rings,  of  a  reddish  brown  colour, 
on  the  outside,  and  brownish  within.  It  was 
formerly  much  used  as  a  warm  stomachic  bitter, 
and  generally  ordered  in  bitter  infusions. 

MARASCHINO,  see  Spirit. 

MARASMOP'YRA,  Febris  marastmo'des,  from 
fiapaa/iof,  '  marasmus,'  and  i:vf>,  '  fever.'  Fever 
of  emaciation  in  general.     Hectic  fever. 

MARASMUS,  Atrophy  — m.  Lactantium,  Pae- 
datrophia — m.  Phthisis,  Phthisis  pulraonalis. 

MARASMUS  Seni'lis,  Tabes  senum,  Geronta- 
troph'ia.     Progressive  atrophy  of  the  aged. 

Marasmus  Tabes,  Tabes — m.  Tabes  dorsalis, 
Tabes  dorsalis. 

MARATIIRI'TES.  from  fiapaZpov,  'fennel.' 
"Wine  impregnated  with  fennel. 

MARATHROPIIYLLOI,  Peucedanum. 

MARATHRUM,  Anethum— m.  Sylvestre,  Peu- 
cedanum. 

MARAUGIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MARBLE.  Marmor. 

MAR  BEE,  Marmor. 

MARC,  Magma, 

MARCAStTA,  Bismuth  —  m.  Alba,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — m.  Plumbea.  Antimonium. 

MARCASITJE  MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

MARCH AX'TIA  POLYMOR'PHA,  M.  Stel- 
la'ta  seu  umbella'ta,  Hepat'ica  fonta'na.  Ziehen 
stella'tus,  Jecora'ria,  Liv'ericort,  (F.)  Hepatiaue 
des  fontaines.  Ord.  Hepaticae.  This  plant  is 
mildly  pungent  and  bitter.  It  is  recommended 
as  aperient,  resolvent,  and  antiscorbutic;  and  is 
used  in  diseased  liver,  <tc. 

MARCIIE  (LA),  Walking. 

MARCHIO'XIS  PULVIS,  Powder  of  the  Mar- 
quis. A  powder,  formerly  considered  to  be  anti- 
epileptic;  and  composed  of  Male  peony  root,  J//V- 
tletoe,  Ivory  shavings,  Horn  of  the  hoof  of  the  stag, 
Spodivm,   Tooth  of  the  tvonodon,  coral,  <tc. 

MARCORES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation. 

MARCORY,  Stillingia. 

MARECAGEUX,  Elodes. 

MAREMMATIQUE,  see  Elodes. 

MAREO.  Puna. 

MARE'S  FAT,  Inula  dysenterica  —  m.  Tail, 
Hippuris  vulgaris. 

MARGA  CAX'DIDA,  Lac  lun<r.     An  ancient 
name  for  a  variety  of  spongy,  white,  friable  marl, 
which  was  employed  as  an  astringent  and  refri- 
gerant. 
"   MARGARETIZZA,  Scherlievo. 

MARGARITA,  Pearl. 

MARGARITA'CEOUS,  Margarita' cens,  Xa'- 
creous,  (F.)  Xa.cre ;  from  margarita,  'pearl,  mo- 
ther of  pearl.'  Resembling,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
mother  of  pearl, ■ — as  Leuco'ma  Margarita' 'ceum/ 
Pearl-like  lencoma. 

MARGAROX.  Pearl. 

MARGELIS.  Pearl. 

MARGELLIUM,  Pearl. 

MA RGIXI-  SVS-SCAPULO-TROCIIITE- 
RIEX.  Teres  minor. 

MARGO,  Bord — m.  Dentatus,  see  Retina — m. 
Orbitalis.  see  Orbit. 

MARGUERITE  PETITE,  Bellis  —  m.  des 
Pres.  qrande.  Chrysanthemum  leucantbemum. 

MARIENBAD,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  springs  in  Bohemia.  The  Kreuzbrunn 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

MARIGOLD.  DTAMOXD  FIG.  Mesembryan- 
themum  crystallinum  —  m.  Garden,  Calendula 
officinalis — in.  Marsh,  Caltha  palustris — m.  Sin- 


MARIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT  OF,        5  0  9 


MARSYPION 


lendula  officinalis  —  m.   Wild,  Calendula 
arv-  i 
MARIOTTE',  EXPERIMENT  OP,    I 

A  celebrated  experiraeol 

of  the  Abbe"  Mariotte,  which  consists  in  placing 

ill  round  spot.-;  on  a  wall  at  some  distance 

from  each  ether,  standing  opposite  the  left-hand 

ui.l  looking  at  it  with   the  right  eye,  the 

By  walking  backwards,  until 

the  distance  from  the  object  is  about  live  times 

between  the  two  objects, 

:  r  will  be  found  t>>  disappear.     Mariotte 

r  him,  many  ophthalmologists,  inferred 

that  the  optic  nerve,  on  which  the  ray  doubtless 

falls  in  this  experiment,  is  insensible;  and  hence 

that  the  choroid  may  be  the  seat  of  vision,  —  not 

the    retina.      The    inference    is    illogical  :    for    it 

doubtless    falls  on    the    part    of  the  optic  nerve 

Where  the  central  artery  enters,  and   the   central 

vein  leaves  the  eyeball,  and  where  there  is  neces- 

sarilv  no  neurine. 

MAI  Ancient  name  of  a  measure. 

eontaining  83  pints  and  4  ounces. 
MARISCA.  Ficus,  Ha?morrhois. 
MARJOLAINE,  Origanum  majorana. 
MARJORAM.  CO  M  MOX,  I  ►riganum— m.  Wild. 
Origanum — in.  Sweet.  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORANA,  Origanum  majorana — in.  Man- 
curan.i.  Origanum. 
MARMALADE,  Marraelade. 
MA  KM  VRYGE.  see  Metamorphopsia. 
M  IRMARYGO'DES,  uapuapvyiait/s,  'brilliant.' 
An  epithet,  joined  particularly  to  the  word  o<p$a\- 
*os,  to   indicate   a   brilliant    eye,  a  flashing  eye. 
which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary 

Metamorphopsia. 
'MELADE,     Mmmela'da,      Mnrmela'ta, 
">•,    3/iva.      Parts    of  vegetables,    con- 
with   sugar,  and  reduced  to  a  pultaceous 
I 

Marmelade    ok    Apricots.      A    marmelade, 
prepared  with  two  parts  of  ripe  apricots  deprived 
of  their  stones,  and  one  part  of  white  sugar. 
Mi    "i  .        of  Fernel,  M.  of  Troncbin. 

"K.I.  \!>K    OP    Tl:  iM'HIS,  or  op  Fkhnel       A 

kind  of  thick  1 h,  of  an  agreeable  taste,  pre- 

vith  two  ounces  of  oil  of  sweet  almonds,  as 
BOcfa  *yrnp  <>/  violets,  manna  in  tears,  very  fresh 
])"//>  "/'  cassia,  10  grains  of  t/um  tragacanth,  and 
two  drachms  of  orange  /loiter  water.  It  is  used 
as  a  laxative,  demulcent,  and  pectoral. 

MARMELATA,  Marmelade. 

MARMOR,  in  uopos,  Marble,  Cal-cis  Car'bona* 

F.)   Mnrbre.      White  granular   carbonate 

of  lime.     [Jsed  in  pharmacy  for  the  preparation 

of  a  pure  lime,  and  the  disengagement  of  carbonic 

acid. 

MARMOR  \TA    AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

MARMOROS.  Marmor. 

MARMORYGE, see  Metamorphopsia — m.IIip- 
-.  Hemiopia, 

M  [ROUTE.   Vntbemis  cotula. 

M  \l:i:i  \ci:  \!:i.i:.  Nubile. 

MAR'RIOTT,  DRY  Vomit  OF.     This  once 
••■•1  '-m. 'tie.  called  '//»/.  from   its  being  ex- 
hibited without  drink,  coi  Bisted  of  equal  portions 
'  antimony,  ami  sulphate  of  copper. 

UARROXlEIt  D'INDE,  jEscuIui  II,, 
tannin. 

MARROW,     My'elos,     Medul'la,    M.    oWwm, 

try  Juice,  Axun't/ia  ,/.<  Mm,,' in,  }f,i»n'<i  He 

..  mei".    I',     \foe~lle,  Sue  miduVaire. 

The  oily,  inflammable,  whitish  or  yellowish  juice. 

which  fills  the  me. biliary  canal  of  the  long  bones, 

structure    at    the    extr-ti: 

if  flat  bones,  and    ft,.-  i„. 

•f  short  bones.     The  marrow  is  furnished 

■  exhalation  of  the  ! lullary  membrane. 

It  is  fluid  during  life,  and  appears  under  the  form 


of  small  points  or  brilliant  grains  after  death.    It 
is  enveloped  in  the  medullary  membrane. 

Marrow,  Spiral,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Ver- 
tebral, Medulla  spinalis. 

MARRVBE  A7..1.V.  Marrubium  — ;.  . 
Ballota  f.rtida. 

MARRU'BIUM,  .V.  vulga'rl  seu  «//, 
Qerman'icvM  seu  apulum,  Pra'tium,  Phraeum, 
Horehound,  (F.)  Marrube  blanc  Or,/.  Labiate. 
The  leaves  have  a  moderately  Strong,  aromatic 
smell :  and  a  very  bitter,  penetrating,  diffusive, 
ami  durable  taste.  It  ha-  often  '  ■  -  u  given  in 
COUghs  and  asthmas,  united  with  sugar.  Dot  ,388 
to  ^i.  in  infusion:   dose  of  extract.  >rr.  x  I 

Ford's  Balsam  of  Borbboord,  is  made  as 
follows:  —  horehound,  liquorice  root,  aa  fbiij  and 
f^viij;    water,  q.  s.  to    strain   ibvj.     Infhi 

lined  liqnor  add  : — proof  spirit  or  brandy, 
Dbl2 ;  camphor,  t^j  and  t~j  :  opium  and  benjamin, 
3S  ,^j  :  dried  tauilh,  5ijj  oil  of  aniseed,  J5J ; 
honey,  Obiij  and  ^  viij.  — (iray.      It  is  pectoral. 

MaRRDBIDM,    Leonurus    cardiaca  —  m.    Album, 
Marrubium  —  m.  Apulum,   Marrubium  —  '1 
manicum.  Marrubium  —  m.   Nigrum,  L'allota  foe- 
tida— m.  Vulgare.  Marrnbinm. 

MARS,  Ferrum — m.  SolnbUis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
latura. 

MARSEILLES,    (CLIMATE    OF.)     The  re- 

marks  made  upon  the  climate  of  Montpelier  ap- 

n   in   greater  force  to  that   of  Marseilles. 

It  possesses  all  the  objectionable  qualities  of  the 

climate  of  southeastern  France. 

MARSH,  Limne,  Helot,  Palm,  Sax.  menrc, 
(F. )  Maraie,  Marshy  districts  gWe  off  emana- 
tions, which  are  the  fruitful  source  of  disease 
and  the  cause  of  great  insalubrity  in  many  coun- 
tries. The  chief  disease,  occasioned  by  the  mala- 
ria or  miasm,  is  intermittent  fever.  Hence  it  he- 
comes  important  to  drain  snch  regions,  if  practi- 
|  cable.  Some  marshy  countries  are  not  so  liable 
to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  it  has  been  found, 
that  where  intermittent^  have  been  got  rid  of  by 
draining,  consumption  has.  at  times,  become  fre- 
quent. The  most  unhealthy  periods  for  resi- 
:-i  a  marshy  district  are  daring  the  exist- 
ence of  the  summer  and  autumnal  heats;  at 
which  times  the  water  beeomes  evaporated,  and 
the  marshy  bottom  is  more  or  less  exposed  to  the 
sun's  rays.  This  postals tnm  seems  necessary  for 
the  production  of  the  miasmata:  for  whilst  the 
marsh  is  well  covered  with  water,  no  miasm  is 
given  off. 

M  w:sfi  Poisov.  Miasm  (marsh)  —  m.  Mallow, 
Althaea  —  m.  Root,  Statice  Caroliniana  —  m.  Tea, 
Ledum  palustre. 

.MARSHALL'S  CERATE,  see  Cerate,  Mar- 
shall's. 

MARSHY,  Flodes. 

MAR8IPIUM,  Marsupion. 

MARSUM,  Mar'm'um,  Mar'sicom.  An  ancient 
wine  of  Marsia.  in  Italy,  which  was  used  a-  an 
astringent  in  certain  diseases  of  the  mouth. 

M  UISFP1  \i..  tee  Marsupion. 

MARSUPIALIS,  [scbio-trochanterianas,  Ob- 
turator interim--. 

M  VHSI'IMATK.  itee  Marrapinn. 

MARSU'PION,  Ma  nupeitm,  3far*yp'ion,  Mar- 
tip' pon,  Marsu'pium,  Btarsip'inm,  Sac' cuius,  (//.»/»- 

ill  sack,  a  1 
with  which  any  part  is  fomented.  Also,  the  ab- 
dominal poach  in  •  m,  Ac, 
int..  which  the  ynnng,  born  at  n  very  early  stage 
..!'  development,  are  received  and  nourished  with 
milk  secreted  from  glands  which  open  into  the 
poaches.  Snch  animals  are  termed  Marsn'piat, 
'piate,  Mareupia'lia.     See  Generation. 

MARSDPIUM,    Scrotum  —  m,    MoacaloRtun, 

MARSYPION,  Marsupion. 


MA R TEA U 


570 


MASTITIS 


JfARTEAU,  Malleus. 

MARTIAL,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIALIS,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIANA   POM  A,  see  Citrus  aurantiura. 

MARTIA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  (F.)  On- 
guent  de  Soldat,  Soldier's  ointment.  This  was 
composed  of  bay  berries,  rue,  marjoram,  mint,  sage, 
toormioood,  basil,  olive  oil,  yellow  wax,  and  Ma- 
laga trine.  It  was  invented  by  Martian  ;  and  was 
employed  by  soldiers  as  a  preservative  against 
injuries  from  cold. 

MARTIS  LIMATURA,  Ferri  limatura. 

MARUM  CORTUSI,  Teucrium  marum  — m. 
Creticum,  Teucrium  marum — m.  Syriacum,  Teu- 
crium marum  —  m.  Verum,  Teucrium  marum  — 
m.  Vulgare,  Thymus  mastichina. 

MARUTA  COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAS,  Male,  Modiolus. 

MASCARPIO,  Masturbator. 

MASCHALADENI'TIS,  from  uaax<^l,  'the 
axilla,'  and  adenitis,  'inflammation  of  a  gland.' 
Inflammation  of  the  glands  of  the  axilla. 

MASCHALE.  Axilla. 

MASCHALIiEUS.  Axillary. 

MASCHALIATRI'A,  from  ^acXa\v,  'the 
axilla,' and  tarpeia,  '  healing.'  Treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  applications  made  to  the  axilla. 

MASCHALIS.  Axilla. 

MASCHALISTER,  Axis. 

MASCHALON'CUS,  Masehalopa'nus,  from 
fiao-^aXn,  'tha  axilla,'  and  oyicos,  'a  tumour.'  A 
tumour  or  bubo  or  swelling  in  the  axilla. 

MASCHALOPANUS,  Maschaloncus. 

MASCULA.  Tribade. 

MASCULUS,  Male. 

MASESIS,  Mastication. 

MASHUA,  (S.)  A  tuberous  root,  of  a  flat, 
pyramidal  shape,  which  is  cultivated  and  cooked 
like  the  potato  by  the  Serranos  of  Peru.  It  is 
watery  and  insipid,  but  nevertheless  is  much 
eaten  by  them.  The  Indians  use  the  mashua  as 
a  medicine  in  dropsy,  dyspepsia,  and  dysentery. 
The  plant  is  unknown  to  botanists. — Tschudi. 

MASK,  Larva,  (F.)  Masque,  Lame.  A  band- 
age applied  over  the  face,  as  a  sort  of  mask,  in 
cases  of  burns,  scalds,  or  erysipelas.  It  serves  to 
preserve  the  parts  from  the  contact  of  air,  and  to 
retain  topical  applications  in  situ.  It  is  made  of 
a  piece  of  linen,  of  the  size  of  the  face,  in  which 
apertures  are  made  corresponding  to  the  eyes, 
nose,  and  mouth,  and  which  is  fixed  by  means 
of  strings  stitched  to  the  four  angles. 

MASKED,  Larva'tus,  (F.)  Lame.  Disguised, 
— as  a  "masked  fever,"  or  one  which  is  not  clearly 
developed.     See  Fever,  masked. 

MASLACH,  Moslich,  Am' phi  on,  An'fion.  A 
medicine  much  used  by  the  Turks,  and  into  the 
composition  of  which  opium  enters.  It  is  ex- 
citant. 

MASQUE,  Mask. 

MASS,  iia^a,  3Iaza,  3Iassa,  from  /lacao),  '  I 
mix.'  The  compound,  from  which  pills  have  to 
be  formed. 

MASSA,  Mass  —  m.  Carnea  Jacobi  Sylvii,  see 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans — m.  de  Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  m.  de  Ex- 
tracto  glycyrrhiza?,   Pasta  glycyrrhizae,  &G. — m. 
de  Gurami  Arabieo,  Paste,  marshmallow  —  m.  de 
Zizvphorutn  fructu,  Paste  of  jujubes. 
MASSAGE.  Shampooing. 
MASSE  D'EAV,  Typha  latifolia. 
MASSEMA,  Mastication. 
MASS  EM  EXT,  Shampooing. 
MASSE  PA  rXS,  Biscuits,  medicinal. 
MASSES  APOPHYS AIRES,  see  Vertebrae. 
MASSESIS.  Mastication. 

MASSE'TER,  from  fiaoaop.cu,  'I  eat,'  'I  chew.' 
Mus' cuius  mandibula'ris,  (F.)  Zygomato-maxil- 
laire.     A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 


the  cheek,  and  lying  upon  the  ramus  of  the  lower 
jaw-bone.     It  is  long,  quadrilateral,  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to   the    inferior  edge    and  to  the 
inner  surface  of  the  zygomatic  arch  :    below,  it 
terminates  at  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
outer  surface  and  inferior  margin  of  the  ramus 
of  that  bone.     It  is  composed  of  an  intermixture 
of  fleshy  and  aponeurotic  fibres.     Its  office  is  to 
raise  the  lower  jaw,  and  to  act  in  mastication. 
Masseter  Internus,  Pterygoideus  internus. 
MASSETER'IC,    Mas'seterine,    Masseter'iens, 
Masseteri'nus.   (F.)  Massiterin,  Masseterique.   Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  masseter  muscle. 
MASSETERINE,  Masseteric. 
Masseteric   Artery  arises  from  the  trunk 
of  the  internal  maxillary  or  temporalis  profunda 
posterior,  and  is  distributed  to  the  masseter  mus- 
cle,  after  having   passed,    horizontally,   through 
the  sigmoid  notch  of  the  lower  jaw-bone. 

Masseterine  Nerve  is  given  off  from  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  It 
passes  through  the  sigmoid  notch,  and  is  distri- 
buted on  the  inner  surface  of  the  masseter.  In 
luxation  of  the  lower  jaw,  this  nerve  is  strongly 
stretched,  and  considerable  pain,  consequently, 
produced. 

Masseterine  Vein  has  the  same  distribution 
as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal  maxil- 
lary vein. 

MASSETERINUS,  Masseteric. 
MASSETTE,  Typha  latifolia. 
MASSICOT,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 
MASSING,  Shampooing. 
MASSULA,  Molecule. 
MASTADENITIS,  Mastitis. 
MASTALGIA,  Mastodynia. 
MASTAX,  Mystax. 
MASTEMA,  Masticatorv. 
MASTER  OF  THE  WOODS,  Galium  circaj- 
zans. 

MASTEmVORT,  Angelica  atropurpurea,  He- 
racleum  lanatum,  Imperatoria. 
MASTESIS,  Mastication. 

MASTIIELCOSIS,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 
MASTHOS,  Mamma. 

MASTICA'TION,  Mastica'tio,  Mase'sis,  Mas- 
sc' sis  Masse'ma,  Maste'sis,  Ma>iduca'tio,  Com- 
mauduca'tio,  Mauduca'lion,  Chewing,  Chawing, 
from  na<jTi%au,  'I  gnash  the  teeth.'  The  action 
of  bruising  food  in  the  mouth,  to  prepare  it  for 
the  digestion  it  has  to  undergo  in  the  stomach. 
This  is  executed  by  the  joint  action  of  the  tongue, 
cheeks,  and  lips,  which  push  the  alimentary  sub- 
stance between  the  teeth  ;  and  by  the  motions  of 
the  lower  jaw  it  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised. 

MAS'TICATORY,    Masticato'rinm,  Maste'ma, 
Diamaste'ma.     (F.)  Masticatoire.     Same  etymon. 
Chewing.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  mastica- 
tion or  chewing.     Also,  a  substance,  chewed  with 
the  intention  of  exciting  the  secretion  of  saliva. 
Masticatory  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 
MASTICH,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus  — m.  Herb, 
common,  Thj'mus  mastichina — m.  Herb,  Syrian, 
Teucrium  marum — m.  Tree.  Pistacia  lentiscus. 
MASTICHEL^ON,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 
MASTICHINA  GALLORUM,  Thymus  mas- 
tichina. 

MASTIGODES  HOMINES,  Trichocephalus. 
M  A  S  T I G  0 '  S I S,  Flagella'tio.    Flagellation, 
scourging;  employed  by  the  ancients  as  a  remedy 
in  many  diseases. 

MASTI'TIS,  Mastoi'iis,  Mastoiditis,  Mammi'm 
tis,  Mazo'i'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Afammo',  Ma*fadeni'- 
tis,  (F.)  Inflammation  des  Mamelles,  Jfat/riuife, 
from  //rtoros,  'the  breast,'  and  itis.  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  breast.  In- 
flammation of  the  mammary  gland  of  the  preg- 
nant or  parturient  female  is  vulgarly  called  a 
weid  or  weed,  and  a  weed  in  the  breast. 


M  A  B  T  1  X 


MATERIA 


M  otitis  Apostemat- 

M  \vNTis  PobrpbRA'liB.     Inflammation  of  the 
mamma  in  the  childbed  woman. 
MASTIX,  bcc  Pistocia  lentil 
H  ASTO-C  IRCINO'  M  A,  from  parrot,  'the 
breast,'  and  carcinoma.     Carcinoma  or  cancer  of 
the  bi 

MASTO-CHONDRO'SIS,    from    pacroq,   'the 
..  •  a  cartilage.'    A  cartilaginous 
formation  in  the  ' 

M  ^STODES,  Mastoid. 

M  \  >  COD  X  N    I  A.   Mastal'gia,  Magodyn'ia, 
from  ft  taroi.  '  the  breast,'  and  oivt  <n,  '  pain.'     l\iin 
in  the  breasts  ;  a  form  of  neuralgia,     See  Neu- 
mammae, 
Mastodtn'ia      Apostrmai  »'sa,      Phleg'moni 
Jfnmmce,   Maathelco'aia,    Maati'tia    apo*temato'*as 
ma,     Galactomaatoparecto'ma,     Ah- 
-   Mamma  seu  lac' tent,    Phltg'moni  Matto- 
tlun'ia,  Mam'  mary  .  \ 

Milk-abscess.  Phlegmonous  inflammation  of  the 
.  running  on  to  suppuration,  generally  in 
the  childbed  female.  It  is  on.'  of  the  best  ex- 
amples of  acute  phlegmonous  inflammation,  and 
requires  the  active  use  of  appropriate  treatment. 
MA8T0DTNIA    PoLYGALA,  Sparganosis — m.  Po- 

_  »sis. 
M  VSTOID,  MaatoV  lea,  Maato'dea,  Mattotdetu, 
.1/  .      .  lla'ris,  Papil'li  seu  mammi1li-formis,Mam- 
mi/orm'is,    Mam'miform,    (F.)    Mastoid! en,    from 
paoro;,  'a  breast,'  and  «&>$,  'form,  resemblance.' 
:  >rm   of  a   nipple.      Also,  that  which 
to  the  mastoid  process,  Maatoideut. 
M  tsToiD  Aperture: — the  opening  of  commu- 
nication  between  the    cavity  of  the    tympanum 
mil  the  mastoid  cells. 

.M  kSTOin  Cancer.     A  kind  of  firm  carcinoma- 
tons  growth,  the  section  of  which  is  thought  to 
ible  the  boiled  udder  of  the  cow. 
Mastoid  Cells,   Cell'ula  Mdxto'idece,  Antrum 
ma$to"\  :        id  Si'nnaea.     These  are  situate 

in  the   mastoid    process;   communicate  with  each 
ind  open  into  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 
Their  use  seems   tu  be   to  increase  the  intensity 
ind. 
Mastoid  Foramen  is  situate  behind  the  mas- 
.  and  give.-  passage  t"  a  small  artery 
of  the    dura   mater,   as   well   as  to  a  vein   which 
opens  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid   Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttiire  maatoidienne, 
pression  at  the  inner  Burface  of  the  mastoid 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  forms  part 
of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Masi  •;:>  or  Dig  vs'thjc  Groove,  (F.)  Rainnre 

ou  diyastrique,  i-  a  groove,  situate 

at  the  inner  side  of  the  mastoid  process,  which 

affords   attachment  to   the   posterior  belly  of  the 

. 

.M  istoid  Mi  -'  i  r.  Posterior,  Splenitis. 

Mastoid  or  Mam'mikorm  or  Mam'ktllary 
1  P        t'aua      mastdldeu*,      Apoph'ytis 

mammilla' ris,  Para  maatdidea,  is  sitnate  at  the  in- 
ferior   and    posterior  part   of   the   temporal   bono, 

and  gives  attach m  ml  to  the  digaitrioand  mastoid 

M  L8TOTDEUS,Storno.eleido-mastoideua— m. 

in,  Complexus  minor. 
M  kSTOIDITIS,  M  i  titis. 

UASTOYDO  C0NCH1NIE&,   P-trahons  SU- 
.  Gfnien,  Digastricus  —  m.  fl       ■'       <.  Di 
—  m.  Oricnlaire,  Retrabens  auris. 
M  ISTOME'Nl  \.  ii..m  ,--•--,.  •  the  breast,' and 
uiv.  'h  month.'    Vicarious  menstruation  from  the 

MASTON'CUS,    Thelon'cua,  from  ftnarog,  'the 
.'   and    o-j  «.<),-,    '  :i    tumour.'      A    tumi 
nipple,  or  of  the  breast  itself.      When  the 


tumour  is  of  an  adipous  character  it  is   termed 
Maatopion'cna  or  MaHopimelon'eu*. 

Masi  roALAvncoa,  Mastos]  . 

MASTOPAREC'TAMA,     from    ^acroi.    -tho 

breast,'    and     -rufUKra^a,     'excessive     distension.' 

Immoderate  distension  of  the  mammas. 

MASTOPATHI'A,  from  macros,  'the  breast,' 
and  zndoi,  'disease.'     An  affection  of  the  breast* 

MASTOPIMELONCl  8,  see  Mastoncus. 

M  LST0PI0NC1  9,  see  Masi us. 

M  LSTORRH  \'i    iA.from  paons,  'the  I 
and  pnyyvfu.  '  to  flow.'     An  unusual  How  of  milk. 

MASTOS,  .Mamma. 

M  \S  i  OSCIR'RHUS, from aaerrof,  'the breast,' 
and  GKipjjo^,  'a  hard  tumour.'  Scirrhus,  or  hard 
cai r  of  the  breast 

MASTOSPARGO'SIS,  Mastodyn'ia  potyg'ala, 

Matton'cu*    poly galac' tic n$,     from    fiuoros,     '  the 

and    o-aoyau),    '  I    am   full    to   bursting.' 

Fulness  of  the  breasts  with  milk,  so  that  they  are 

ready  to  burst. 

.MASI' i  isv  R  I  SX.Fis'tulu  mamma,  from  nao-ros, 
'  the  breast,'  and  av^iv^,  'a  pipe.'  Fistula  of  the 
mamma. 

MASTDRBA'TION,  Chia'dia.  Gar'gal?.  <;■<,'- 
galua,  Qargalit'mut,  Maalupra'tio,  Manusrnpra'- 
tio,  Manatupra'tio,  from  manua,  'the  hand,' and 
BtuprOf  'I  ravish;'  Ona'nia,  On'anitm,  JEdo?o- 
gargaritfmut,  jEda  ogar'galtu,  Anaplaafm.ui.Gan'- 
dia  foeda,  Duct'io  prapn'tii,  Vol'tintary  Pollu- 
tion, Self  Pall itt inn,  Seff-abute,  (F.)  Abut  <l<  mn 
mime,  Attonchement.  Excitement  of  the  genital 
organs  by  the  hand. 

MASTURBA'TOR,  Mathtpra'tor,  Manustu- 
pra'tor,  Maacar'pio:  same  etymon.  One  given 
to  masturbation. 

MASTUS,  Mamma. 

MAT,  (F.)  Dull. 

MA  T  SOX.  A  dull  or  flat  sound.  The  obscure 
noise,  (F.)  Matiti,  afforded  in  certain  diseases  when 
any  part, as  the  chest,  is  percussed.  It  has  been 
compared  to  that  produced  when  the  thigh  is 
struck.'  It  is  opposed  to  the  Son  olair,  or  '  clear 
sound.' 

.MATE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATECO,  Matiee. 

MATELLA,  (JrinaL 

M  \  1  I SR,  [Tterus — m.  Dura,  Dura  mater — m. 
Berbarum,  Artemisia  vulgaris  —  m.  Metallornm, 
Hydrargyrum  —  m.  .Mollis,  Pia  mater — in.  Perla- 
ruin,  see  Pearl  —  m.  Pia,  Pia  mater — in.  Secalis, 
Ergot  —  m.  Tenuis.  Pia  mater. 

M  \TKKI  \,  Matter— m.  Fibrosa,  Fibrin. 

Matb'ria  Med'ica,  Pharmacolog"ia,  Pharma- 
cology, Acol'ogy  or  Akol'ogy  or  Aeeolog"ia,  ffyli 
.  Iamatolog"ia,  Tamatol'ogy,  (F.)  Matiire 
Mfdieale.  The  division  of  medical  science  which 
treats  of  the  knowledge  of  medicines  :  their  action 
on  the  animal  economy,  and  mode  of  administra- 
tion. The  Study  of  the  Materia  Mediea  is  one  of 
irr.  at  importance  ;  — it  is  a  Study  of  the  tools  with 
which    the   practitioner  has    to  work    in    the   euro 

of  disease.  Much  labour  has  been  spent  in  con- 
triving classifications  of  the  Materia  Medica. 
Some  have  arranged  the  articles  according  to 
their  natural  resemblances  :  others  aecording  to 
their  real  or  presumed  virtues:  others,  according 
to  their  active  constituent  principles.  The  Phar- 
macopoeias place  them  alphabetically.  Perhaps 
the  best  classification  would  be  one  founded  on 
tlo'  agency  exerted  by  the  articles  on  the  different 
r I  —  ii.  -  :  but  tlii-  arrangement,  in  the  present  state 
of  science,  is  by  do  means  .M-y;  and.  moreover, 
ideas  in  regard  to  the  action  of  medicines  are 
tinted  with  certain  terms.  —  as  narcotics, 
tonics,  sedatives,  Ae.,  employed  to  denote  certain 
operations,  whioh  they  are  esteemed  oapabls  of 
producing,  that,  to  abandon  them,  would  be  to 
throw  obstacles  iu  the  way  of  tho  student,  with- 


MATERIALIST.! 


MATRICULATE 


out  the  ultimate  advantage  accruing  to  him  of 
possessing  a  better  knowledge  of  the  modus  ope- 
randi of  medicines  than  when  a  classification, 
somewhat  resembling  those  usually  embraced,  is 
adopted. 

The  following  is  the  classification  adopted  by 
the  Author,  in  his  "  General  Therapeutics  and 
Materia  Medica,  6th  edit.,  Philad.,  1857  :— 


Emetics, 

Cathartics, 

Anthelminthics. 


Expectorants. 


1.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  alimentary  ca- 
nal or  its  contents, 

2.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  respiratory  or- 
gans, C 

f  Errhines, 
Sialogogues, 

\  Diuretics, 
Antilithics, 
Diaphoretics. 

4.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  f  Narcotics, 
minently   the    nervous    sys-  \  Tetanies, 

tern,  (Antispasmodics. 

5.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  f  t, 

.        J?      .  <•  Emmenasrogues, 

minently  the  organs  of  re- 
production, 


3.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the    follicular 
glandular  organs, 


Parturifacients, 


6.  Agents  that  affect  va- 
rious organs, 


r  Excitants, 

Tonics, 

Astringents, 

Sedatives, 

Refrigerants, 

Revellents, 

Eutrophics. 

Antacids, 
7.  Agents  whose  action  is     Antalkali 

)rominently  chemical,  j  Disinfectants. 

Agents  whose  action  is  f  Demulcents, 

prominently  mechanical,         (  Diluents. 

Of  old,  the  Materia  Medica  consisted  of  more 
articles  than  at  present.  The  tendency,  indeed, 
is,  and  must  be,  to  diminish  it  still  further;  to 
get  rid  of  those  articles  which  possess  no  advan- 
tages over  others  equally  common,  or  whose  pro- 
perties are  doubtful.  In  a  dictionary,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  insert  all  that  have  been  reputed  to 
possess  virtues ;  but  the  majority  are  unneces- 
sary. The  catalogue  might  be  largely  reduced 
•with  impunity. 

Materia  Medica,  Dynamical,  Pharmacody- 
namics. 

Materia  Morbo'sa,  31.  Peccans,  3Iate'ries 
3forbi,  Morbid  matter.  The  matter  or  material 
which  is  the  cause  of  disease. 

Materia  Ossea,  Terra  Ossea  —  m.  Peccans, 
M.  Morbosa — m.  Sialina,  see  Saliva  —  m.  Scyto- 
dephica,  Tannin  —  m.  Testacea  dentium,  see 
Tooth — m.  Urinosa,  Urea. 

MATERIALISTA,  Druggist. 

31  A  TERIA  UX  HI  MEDIA  TS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

MATERIES,  Matter— m.  Morbi,  Materia  mor- 
bosa. 

MATHEWS  PILLS,  Pilulaa  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrha. 

MATHIEU'S  VERMIFUGE,  see  Vermifuge. 

MA'TIAS.  The  bark  of  a  South  American 
tree  not  yet  determined.  It  is  used  in  its  native 
country  in  intermittents,  and  as  a  tonic  generally. 
Its  principal  characteristic  constituent  is  a  bitter 
resinous  matter.  It  is  probably  the  same  as  the 
Jfulnmba  bark. 

MATI'CO,  (pronounced  matee'eo,)  Mateco,  Mo- 
tion, Yerba  del  Soldado,  Soldier's  weed  or  herb. 
A  South  American  herb — Piper  angustifolium  seu 
longa'tum,  Stephens'ia  elonga'ta,  Art  an' the  elon- 
ga'ta,  Ord.  Piperaceae —  which  is  possessed  of 
astringent  virtues,  and  is  used  both  internally 
and  externally.  It  is  given  in  infusion  made  of 
one  ounce  of  the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water, 


of  which  the  dose  is  f  ^iss,  or  in  tincture,  made 
of  ^iiss  of  the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  dilute  alcohol. 

31 A  TIE  RE,  Matter — m.  Caseuse,  Casein  —  m. 
Cerebriforme,  Encephaloid  —  in.  Extractive  dn 
Bouillon,  Osmazome — m.  Fibreme  du  Song, 
Fibrin  —  m.  Midicale,  Materia  Medica — m.  de  la 
Melanose,  see  Choroidea  tunica  —  m.  Noire  des 
Poumons,  Anthracosis — m.  Perlee  de  Kerhring, 
Antimoniumdiaphoreticum — m.Pulmonaire  noire, 
see  Pulmo.  ^ 

MATITE.  see  Mat  son. 

MATLOCK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mat- 
lock is  a  village  in  Derbyshire,  England,  at  which 
there  is  a  mineral  spring  of  the  acidulous  class. 
Temperature  66°.  It  differs  but  little,  except  in 
temperature,  from  good  spring-water.  It  is  ge- 
nerally used  as  a  tepid  bath. 

MATONIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum. 

MATORIUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

MATRACIUM,   Matrass,  Urinal. 

MATRASS,  Matra'cium.  A  glass  vessel  with 
a  long  neck;  and  a  round,  and  sometimes  oval, 
body.  It  may  be  furnished  with  tubulures,  or 
not.  It  is  used  in  Pharmucy  for  distillation,  di- 
gestion, &c. 

MATRES  CEREBRI,  Meninges. 

MA  miCAIRE,  Matricaria. 

MATRICA'LIS,  Matriea'riui,  from  matrix, 
matricis,  'the  uterus.'     Relating  to  the  uterus. 

Matricalia  are  remedies  for  diseases  of  the 
uterus. 

MATRICA'RIA,  from  matrix,  matricis,  'the 
womb ;'  so  called  from  its  reputed  virtues  in 
affections  of  that  organ.  31.  Parthe'nium,  Par- 
tite' nium  febrif  ugum,  Py'rethrum  sell  Chrysanth'- 
emum  parthe'nium,  Argyrochm'ta,  Chrysoc'alis, 
Fever-few,  Feather-few,  Mother-wort,  CoutJiuort, 
(So.)  Fever-fouillie,  (F.)  Matricaire.  Nat.  Ord. 
Composite.  The  flowers  resemble,  in  their  pro- 
perties, chamomile  and  tansy  ;  and,  like  them, 
have  been  esteemed  tonic,  stomachic,  resolvent, 
emmenagogue,  vermifuge,  &c.  They  are  not 
much  used. 

Matricaria,  see  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

MATRICARIA  CHAMOMIL'LA,  31.  Suav'colens, 
An'themis  vuhja'ris,  Chamctme'lum  Vnlga're,  Cha- 
mornil'la  nostras,  Leucan'themum  of  Dioscorides, 
Wild  Corn,  Dog's  Cham'omile,  German  Chamo- 
mile, (F.)  Camomille  vulgaire.  The  flowers,  Ma- 
tricaria (Ph.  U.  S.),  resemble  Matricaria  in 
properties. 

Matricaria  Glabra'ta.  A  South  African 
plant,  known  at  the  Cape  as  Wild  Chamomile, 
has  the  same  properties  as  the  other  species  of 
matricaria. 

Matricaria  Leucanthemitm,  Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum — m.  Suaveolens,  M.  Chamomilla. 

31 A  TRICE,  Uterus— m.  Col  de  la,  Collum  uteri 
— m.  de  VOngle,  see  Nail. 

MATRICULATE,  from  matricula,  diminutive 
of  matrix,  matricis,  'a  roll,'  originally  'an  army 
roll  or  register.'  One  who  is  admitted  into  a  uni- 
versity or  college,  by  enrolling  or  having  his 
name  enrolled  on  the  register  of  the  institution. 
In  France,  prendre  inscription  means  'to  matri- 
culate;' and,  in  the  university  regulations  of  that 
country,  it  is  required,  that  the  inscription  shall 
be  made  every  three  months,  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  prescribed  period  of  study:  the  stu- 
dent having  to  take  his  inscription  within  the 
first  fortnight  of  each  trimestre  or  of  every  three 
months,  and  to  present  himself  within  the  last 
fortnight  of  the  trimestre  to  establish  the  fact  of 
his  attendance. 

In  this  country,  it  is  only  necessary  to  matri- 
culate at  the  commencement  of  each  session. 

One  who  has  thus  enrolled  himself  in  an  insti- 
tution is  called  a  3Iatriculate. 


MATRISYLVA 


6  7  S     MA  XIL  L  0  -  A  L  VE  0  L  I-  NA  S .  1 L 


MATRISYLVA,  Asperate  odorata, 
MATRIX,  Cytoblastema,  Uterus— in.  Unguis, 

■  ail. 
M  ITRONA,  Midwife. 
MATRONALIS,  Viola. 
MATTEE,  Bee  Ilex  Paraguensis. 
MATTER,  Mate'ria,  Hyle,  i I ate' rice,  (P.)  Ma- 
Anv  substance  which  outers  into  the  oom- 
n  of  a  body.      In  Medicine,  it  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  substance  of  evacuations;  and  is 
also  used  synonymously  with  pus. 

MATTING   OF  PARTS,  Hapantismus. 
M  V Tl   I.  \.  Urinal. 

MATURA'TION,    Matura'tio,  from   viaturare, 
mat  ur  a' turn,    'to    ripen. '      Pepas'mos,    Pepan'sis. 
Progression  of  an  abscess  towards  maturity.  The 
!'  maturity,     diction. 
M  I  TURA  TIF,  Maturative. 
MAT'URATIVE,  Matu'rans,  Pepanticos,  (F.) 
Ma  tu  rat  if.     Same    etymon.     A    medicine   which 
favours   the   maturation  of  an  inflammatory  tu- 
mour. 

MATURATUS,  Concocted. 
MATU'RITY,    Matu'ritas,    Ilorm'otes.      Same 
ctytu "'l.     The    state    of   fruits   and    seeds,  when 
comparatively  developed.     State   of  an  abscess, 
in  which  the  pus  is  completely  formed. 
Matdritt,  Precocious,  Precocity. 
M  U'l'LIX.  Achillea  ageratum — m.  Tansey, 
Achillea  ageratum  —  m.  Wort,   Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 
MAULES,  Rubeola. 
.M.UYi:  SAUVAGE,  Malva, 
MAUX  DE  NERFS,  Hysteria. 
MAW.  Stomach — m.  Bound,  Constipated — m. 
Worm,  Ascaris. 

MAXILLA,  Maxillary  Bone. 
MAX'ILLARY,  Maxilla'riB,  (F.)  Maxillaire, 
from  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  Relating  or  belonging  to 
the  jaws;  from  paooaw,  'I  chew.' 
Maxillary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
rnal  maxillary.  See  Facial.  2.  Internal 
maxillary  —  A.  Gutturo-maxillujre  (Ch.).  This 
arises  from  the  external  carotid  with  the  tempo- 
ral. It  is  remarkable  for  its  complex  course, 
and  for  the  number  of  branches  which  it  trans- 
mits to  the  deep-seated  parts  of  the  face.  Imme- 
diately after  it-  origin,  it  buries  itself  under  the 
neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  curving  inwards  and 
downwards.  It  then  advances  directly  inwards; 
ling  in  the  space  between  the  two  ptery- 
goid muscles  towards  the  maxillary  tuberosity. 
It  turns  again,  becomes  vertical,  and  ascends  into 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  until,  having 
arrived  at  the  floor  of  the  orbit,  it  takes  a  hori- 
zontal and  transverse  direction:  enters  the  sphe- 
nomaxillary fossa,  and  divides  into  several 
branches.     See  Artery,  (table.) 

M  Hillary  Bone,  M<<  ril'la,  Mandib'ula,Gam'> 
Gnathn*,   Mnht,   Siar/on,   Jawbone,   (Prov.) 
Chall,  Chaule,  Chavel,  C'haicbone,  G  11, 
\    name    given    to    two    bones, 
which  support  the  teeth,  and,  by  means  of  them, 
are  inservient  to  the  cutting,  bruising,  and  tear- 
alimentary  - 
Maxillary  Bone,  Enpe'rior,  Lower  jaw-hone, 
eil/a'ri   inferius,  Mnxil'la   inferior,  Hypo- 
»•"".'/"  I  !h.),  Mdchoire  dia- 

symmetrical,  nearly  parabolic 
•he  middle  portion  of  which  is  horizontal, 
and  called  the  body  :  and  the  posterior  is  vertical. 
gular  portions  being  termed  Rami  or 
branches.  These  have  behind  a  parotidean  edge, 
which  forms— by  uniting  with  tin-  base — the  angle 
oj  the  rtir.  The  branches  terminate  above  by 
two  I  parated  by  the  sigmoid  notch  or 

;   the  anterior  of  whir),   is  called   the  cor o- 
noid;    the    posterior,    the   condyloid   pro 
maxillary  condyl.-,  supported  i.  .  Oollum, 


The  obief  parts  observed  on  the  lower 
jaw  are —  1.  Externally, — the  Sym'physis  mentif 
Apoph'yeis  menti,  Mental  foramen,  and  the  exter- 
nal ob/iiftie  line.  2.  Internally,  —  the  Qenian 
apoph'yais,  the  internal  or  Mi/loiil  oblique  lines, 
and  the  entrance  of  'In-  dt  utal  canal.  Toe  lower 
jaw  has,  als«>,  an  alveolar  edge,  which  contains 
alveoli  for  the  reception  of  the  teeth.  The  lower 
jaw-bone  is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossifica- 
tion, which  unite  at  the  symphysis  of  the  chin. 
It  is  articulated  with  the  temporal  bone  and  with 
the  teeth. 

Maxillart  Bone,  Supe'rior,  Upper  jaw-bone, 
Maxil'la  superior  sen  syncra'nia,  Os  maxilla'ri 
supe'riue,  (F.)  0*  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.),  Machoire 
syncranienne.  The  opper  jaw-bones  ate  to  the 
face  what  the  sphenoid  bone  is  to  the  cranium. 
They  are  articulated  with  all  the  portions  com- 
posing it.  They  determine,  almost  alone,  the 
shape  of  the  face,  and  give  it  solidity.  Their  si/.e 
is  considerable;  form  unequal.  They  occupy  the 
middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  face:  and  enter 
into  the  composition  of  the  nasal  fossa',  orbit, 
and  mouth.  The  chief  parts  observable  in  the 
upper  jaw  are  —  1.  Externally,  —  the  Nasal  pro~ 
cees,  Prncen8Ks  nasa'lis  B8U  fronta' lis  sen  ascen'- 
dens,  (F.)  Apophyse  montante,  the  superior  or 
or'bital  surface,  8nperfic"ies  orbita'lis,  Planum 
orbita'le,  which  forms  almost  the  entire  floor  of 
the  orbit,  the  Fora'men  infra-orbita'rium,  X;i<j<>- 
niiii'ic  process,  Canine  or  Myr'tiform  fossa.  2. 
Interna//)/, — the  Pal'atine process, Ante1 'rior  />a/'n- 
tine  canaf,  and  the  Antrum  of  Highmore.  Its  cir- 
cumference is  very  unequal,  ami  it  has  behind  a 
round,  unequal  prominence,  called  the  Maxillary 
tuberosity,  which  is  pierced  by  the  posterior  den- 
tal canal.  Anteriorly,  there  is  a  notch,  which 
forms  part  of  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  nasal 
fossae,  and  beneath,  an  eminence,  called  the  ante- 
rior nasal  nj)ine.  The  lower  part  of  this  circum- 
ference forms  the  alveolar  margin.  Eaeh  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone  is  articulated  with  the  eth- 
moid, frontal,  nasal,  lachrymal,  palatine,  inferior 
spongy,  vomer,  its  fellow,  the  teeth  of  the  upper 
jaw,  and  sometimes  the  sphenoid  bone.  It  is 
developed  by  four  or  five  points  of  ossification. 

MAXILLARY  NBRVE8  are  two  in  number,  and 
formed  of  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
fifth  pair.  The  Superior  Maxillary  Nerve, 
Nerf  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  middle 
of  the  gan^liform  enlargement  of  the  fifth  pair,; 
passes  forward-,  and  issues  from  the  cranium 
through  the  foramen  rotundum  of  the  sphenoid 
bone;  enters  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  which 
it  crosses  horizontally  ;  passes  into  the  infra- 
orbitar  canal,  which  it  traverses  :  and  makes  its 
exit  to  vanish  on  the  cheek.  It  gives  oil'  the  fol- 
lowing branches,  —  the  orbitar,  a  branch  which 
■  the  epheno-palatine  ganglion;  posterior 
dental  branches ;  the  anterior  dental,  —  and  ter- 
minates in  the  infra-orbitar  nerves,  which  are 
divided  into  superior,  inferior,  and  internal.  The 
inferior  maxillary  nerve,  Kerf  maxillaire  (Ch.), 
is  the  largest  of  the  three  branches  furnished  by 
the  fifth  pair.  It  issues  from  the  cranium  by  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  Bphenoid.  Having  reached 
the  zygomatic  fossa,  it  divides  into  two  trunks; 
the  one  hiijii rior  and  external,  which  gives  off 
the  U  mporah  i  profundi,  masseterine,  buccal,  and 
pterygoids; — the  other — inferior  and  internal — ■ 
tin-  larger  of  the  two,  which  furnishes  the  inferior 
dental,  lingual,  ami  auricular. 

MAXILLARY  Veins  present  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries  they  accompanv. 

MAXILLO-  AL  Vl&OLI-NASAL,  Depressor 
alee  nasi  —  m.  Labial,  Depressor  anguli  oris  —  m. 
Narinal,  Compressor  naris— m.  Palp6bralt  Orbi- 
cularis palpebrarum  —  m.  ScUroticien,  Obliquus 
inferior  oeuli. 


MAY   APPLE 


574 


MEDIAN 


MAY  APPLE,  Podophyllum  peltatum— m.  a. 
Mountain,  Podophyllum  montanum — m.  Flower, 
Anthemis  cotula — m.  Weed,  Antbemis  cotula. 
MAYELLA,  Curcuma  longa. 
MAYNARD'S   ADHESIVE    LIQUID,  Collo- 
dion. 

MAYS,  Zea  mays  —  m.  Americana,  Zea  mays 
— m.  Zea,  Zea  mays. 

MAYWORM,  TRUE,  Meloe  majalis. 
MAYZ,  Zea  mays. 
MAZA,  Mass,  Placenta. 
MAZALYSIS,  Mazolysis. 

MA'ZICUS,  from  maza,  'placenta.'  Relating 
to  the  placenta. 

MAZISCH'ESIS,  from  maza,  'the  placenta,' 
and  ayt<si.<;,  '  holding,'  'retention.'  Retention  of 
the  placenta. 

MAZODYNIA,  Mastodynia. 
MAZOITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAZOL'YSIS,  MazaVysis,  from  maza,  'pla- 
centa,' and  \van,  'solution.'  Separation  of  the 
placenta. 

MAZOPATHI'A,  from  maza,   'placenta,'  and 
iraOos,  'disease.'    A  disease  of  the  placenta.    One 
originating  from  the  placenta. 
MAZOS,  Mamma. 
MEAD,  Hydromeli,  Melizomunu 
MEADOW   BLOOM,    Ranunculus   acris  —  m. 
Fern,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — m.  Pride,  see  Ca- 
lumba — m.  Rue,  Thalictron — m.  Saffron,  Vinegar 
of,  Acetum  colchici — m.  Sweet,  Gillenia  trifoliata, 
Spiraaa  ulmaria  —  m.   Sweet,  American,   Spiraea 
lobata — m.  Sweet,  red,  Spirasa  tomentosa. 
MEALY  TREE,  Viburnum  dentatum. 

MEASLES,  Rubeo- 
la— m.  Black,  see  Ru- 
beola— in.  False,  Rose- 
olas— m.  French,  Rose- 
olas. 

MEASLINGS,  Ru- 
beola. 

MEASLY,  Morbil- 
lous. 

MEASURE,  GRA- 
DUATED. A  glass 
measure,  used  in  phar- 
macy, which  is  so  di- 
vided as  to  indicate  ac- 
curately the  quantities 
in  dispensing  liquid 
medicines. 

MEASUREMENT, 
Mensuration. 
MEASURES,  see  Weights  and  Measures. 
MEASURING,  MEDICAL,  Mensuration. 
MEAT  BISCUIT,  see  Biscuit,  meat. 
MEAT,  EXTRACTIVE  OF,  Osmazome. 
MEAT,  Meatus. 

MEA'TUS,  Ductus,  Cana'lis,  Porus,  (F.)  Meat, 
from  men,  meatum,  'to  go.'  A  passage  or  canal. 
Meatus  Auditorius  Externus,  Auditory  ca- 
nal, external  —  m.  Auditorius  internus,  Auditory 
canal,  internal — m.  Caucus,  Eustachian  tube — m. 
Cuticulares,  Pori  cutanei  —  m.  Cysticus,  Cystic 
duct — m.  Narium,  see  Nasal  fossa? — in.  Seminales 
uteri,  Tubae  Fallopianae — m.  Seminarius,  Corpus 
Highmori — m.  Urinarius,  Urethra. 

MECHAMECK,  Convolvulus  panduratus — m. 
Bindweed,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
MECHANE,  Machine. 
MECHANEMA,  Machine. 

MECHAN'ICAL,  Mechan 'icus,  from  )inxavrii 
'a  machine.'  An  epithet  given  to  irritating  bo- 
dies, which  do  not  act  chymically — as  a  mechani- 
cal irritant. 


Four-ounce  Glass  Measure. 


Meciianical  or  Iatro-mathkhaticat,  Physi- 
cians, Jd'tro-mechan' ici  seu  Id'tioviathemat'iei, 
are  such  as  refer  every  function,  healthy  or  mor- 
bid, to  mechanical  or  mathematical  principles; — 
Medici' na  m ech a n' ica. 

MECHAN'ICS,  AN'IMAL.  That  part  of  phy- 
siology whose  objects  are  to  investigate  the  laws 
of  equilibrium  and  motion  of  the  animal  body. 

MECH'ANISM,  Mechanism' u*.  The  structure 
of  a  body;  the  collection  or  aggregate  of  the 
parts  of  a  machine;  the  mode  in  which  forces 
produce  any  effect,  &c. 

MECHE,  Tent.  This  terra  is  usually  applied 
in  French  surgery  to  a  collection  of  threads  of 
charpie,  cotton  or  raw  silk,  united  together,  which 
are  used  for  deterging  sinuous  or  fistulous  ulcers  ; 
or  to  keep  open  or  enlarge  natural  or  artificial 
apertures.  They  are  generally  applied  by  means 
of  an  instrument  called  Porte-meche. 

MECHOACANA  NIGRA,  Convolvulus  jalapa 
— m.  Nigricans,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

MECHOACANA  RADIX,  Convolvulus  me- 
choacan. 

MECHOACAN  DU  CANADA,  Phytolacca 
decandra. 

MECOM'ETER,  (F.)  Mecometre ;  from  ^koj, 
'length/  and  iierpov,  'measure.'  A  kind  of  gra- 
duated compass, — compos  de  proportion, — used  at 
the  Hospice  de  Maternite  of  Paris,  to  measure 
the  length  of  new-born  infants. 

MECON,  Meconium,  Opium,  Papaver. 

MECONICUM,  Opiate. 

MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio  opia'ca ;  from 
[xt]KU)v,  'the  poppy.'     Poisoning  by  opium. 

MECO'NIUM,  same  etymon.  Poppy  juice, 
Paparer'culum,  Purgamen'ta  Infantis,  Meeon. 
The  excrement  passed  by  the  infant  a  short 
time  after  birth,  which  had  accumulated  in  the 
intestines  during  pregnancy.  It  is  of  a  greenish 
or  deep  black  colour,  and  very  viscid.  It  seems 
formed  of  the  mucous  secretions  of  the  intestines 
mixed  with  bile. 

MECONOLOG"IA,  Opiolog"ia;  from  prucav, 
'a  poppy/  and  Xoyog,  'a  description.'  A  treatise 
on  opium. 

MECONOPSIS  DIPHYLLA,  Stylophorum  di- 
phyllum. 

MEDCINARE,  Doctor. 

MEDEA,  Genital  organs. 

MEDECIN,  Physician  —  m.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting physician — m.  de  Fous,  see  Psychiatria. 

MEDECINE,  Medicina  —  m.  Expectante,  Ex- 
pectation— m.  Legale,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Mili- 
taire,  Military  medicine — >n.  Operatoire,  Surgery, 
operative  —  hi.  Perturbatrice,  Perturbatrix  (Me- 
dicina.) 

MEDELA,  Curation. 

MEDE'NI.  A  term  used  by  Paracelsus  for 
cutaneous  ulcerations  like  those  of  boils. 

MEDEOLA  VERTICILLIFOLIA,  M.  Virgi- 
nica. 

Mede'olA  VlRGlN'lCA,  M.  vcrticillifo'lia,  Gy- 
ro'mia  Virgin'ica,  Indian  cn'cumber.  Order, 
Smilaceae.  An  indigenous  herb,  growing  in  every 
part  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  which  re- 
sembles a  small  cucumber.  It  has  been  thought 
to  be  diuretic. 

MEDIAN,  Media'nus  ;  from  medium,  'the  mid- 
dle'    That  which  is  situate  in  the  middle. 

Median  Line.  A  vertical  line,  supposed  to 
divide  a  body  longitudinally  into  two  equal  parts; 
the  one  right,  the  other  left.  Chaussier  calls  the 
linea  alba  the  ligne  midiane  of  the  abdomen. 

Median  Nerve,  Median  digital,  (Ch.)  This 
nerve  arises  chiefly  from  the  anterior  branches  of 


Mi:i>IANl\M 


M  KDICIXAL 


the  last  two  cervical  nerves  and  Brat  dorsal.     The 
fifth  and  sixth  cervical  pain  also  land  it  a  branch, 
which    separates    from    the    musoulo-cutaneous 
The    median    nerve   descends    the   inner 
part   of  the  arm   along  the   biceps   muscle.      <>p- 
Ibow  j.'int  it   buries   itself  behind 
neurosis  of  that  muscle,  and  engages  it- 
tween   the  two  fasciculi  of  the  pronator 
r  down,  it    is    situate    between    the 
-    —sublimit   and  profundus  —  and  passes, 
with  their  tendons,  under  the  anterior   annular 
it;    it    then    divides    into    live    branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the  the- 
nenee,  to  the  lumbricales,  the  integuments 
of  the  thumb,  the  index,  mid  lie  finger,  and  outer 
part    of  the   ring    finger.     This  nerve  gives   no 
branches  to  the  arm.      In  the  forearm,  it  furnishes 
filam  mts   to  all  the  pronator  and  flexor  muscles; 
ami  one  of  them  accompanies  the  anterior  inter- 
artery.     It  als  »gives  off  a  filament  to  the 
itnents  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

in  Vi  in-.     Three  of  the  superficial  veins 

of  the  forearm  are  so  called.      The  median  basilic 

— the  median  cephalic  and  common  median  or  fu- 

ui*  brachii.     See  Basilic  and  Cephalic. 

MEDI  \Xl'M.  Mediastinum,  Mesentery. 

MEDIASTINAL,     Mediaatina'lia,     (F.)    M6- 

Relating  to  the  Mediastinum. 
M      HASTINAL  ARTERIES  are  very  delicate  arte- 
rial branches,  distributed  in  the  areolar  texture 
of   the    mediastinum.      They    :ire    distinguished, 
ling    to    their  situation,   into   anterior  and 
>r. 
MEDIASTINITIS,  Mesodmitis. 
MEDIASTPNUM,  Mediaati'mu,  quasi,  in  me- 
i«,  as  being  in  the  middle;   Meaod'me,  Me- 
dia'num,     Meaotoz'chium,     Meaotce'chnm,     Septum 
tkora'cit,  Hymen   Diaphrat'ton,  Membra'na    Dia- 
-     i    thora'cem    interaep'ieue,    fntereepi- 
men'tum  thora'cia,  Diribito'rium,   Dissipi men' turn 
tkora'cit,  ( F. )   Midiaatin.     A  membranous  space 
I    by    the   approximation    of    the   pleurae, 
dividing  the  chest  into  two  parts,  the  one  right, 
the   other   left.     The   mediastinum,  formed   by   a 
reflection  of  the  pleura,  extends  from  the 
spine  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum.     Its 
anterior  part,  called  Anterior  mediastinum,   Me- 
diutt inum  pectora 'le,  lodges,  at  its  upper  part,  the 
thymus   gland  in  the  foetus,  and  is  filled  below 
with    fatty,    areolar   tissue.     It<   posterior   part, 
parallel  to  the  spine,  is  occupied  by  the  oesopha- 
.    thoracic    duct,    the    lower    part 
of  the  windpipe,  the  origin  of  the  bronchia  and  a 
number  of  lymphatic  glands.     This  part  is  called 
i  terior  mediastinum — Mediastinum  dorea'le. 

me  anal  imists,  Mediastinum  is  defined  to 
pleural  walls  of  the   membranous  ipace, 
whilst    the    space    itself    is    termed    Varum    me- 
diatti 

M    imvstintm  Auris,  see  Tympanum  —  in.  Ce- i 
i    dx  cerebri,  Septum  lueidum — in.  Testis, 
1  Highmori. 

MET))  \STl\rs.  Mediastinum. 
iICABILIS,  Curable. 
r.LK.  Curable. 

•  li'.K.     Sworn   midwives,  whose  duty  it 
»ld,  to  inspect  women  in  cases  ofsuspeot- 

cy. 

(m,    rdt'ricm,    Pa 
■ua,   Physical  (of  old).   Saenfa'piatt,     1. 
-  ime  etj  mnn  as  Medicament     Apper- 
relating  to  medicine  or  to  medicines. 
J(  iti-iMM  ihai'i:,  Medicine,  legal  —  m. 
on-Apothecnry. 
'     -     M   dicnl. 

•  [CAMBNT,  Ifedicamen'tum,  RemeiPinm, 
A  i„.  Act  I'tyt,  AUhoe,  /fif- 

\a,     Aco»,     .','  I'lair'  inaruni, 

Pkarmacen'ma,    Allen-,    Auxifium,    Boitkefma, 


Ifed'icine,  (old    EL)    Medaine;    Phyai 

• ,  I  F.  i  Rt  mid  a 1  from  licutu&% 

•  to  cure   or    heal.'      A    medicine.      Any   substance 

exhibited  with    the   view  of  earing  or  allaying 

morbid  action.  Medicines  are  obtained  from  the 
three  kingdoms  of  nature,  and  are  divided  into 
internal  And  external,  according  as  they  are  ad- 
ministered internally  or  applied  externally. 

In  common  language,  medicine  is  often  called 
Stuff,  Doctors'  stuff,  and,  in  the  Southern  States, 
Truck. 

MEDICAMENT  IL,  Medicinal. 

MEDICAMENTO'Sl  8  L  \P1S.  Medic" inul 
atone,  [V.^  Pierre  mfdicamenteuae.  A  name  for- 
merly given  to  a  mixture  of  peroxyd  of  iron,  li- 
tharge, alum,  nitre,  no!  ammoniac,  and  pi 
evaporated  and  calcined  at  a  red  heat  for  an 
hour.  The  product  was  regarded  as  eminently 
astringent. 

MEDICAMENTUM,  Drug  — m.  ex  Palmulis, 
Diaphoenicon. 

MEDICASTER,  Medicaatra.  An  ignorant 
practitioner.      A  charlatan. 

MEDICATION,  Medica'tio.  Same  etymon  as 
Medicament.  The  change  in  the  animal  economy 
produced  by  the  operation  of  remedies.  Treat- 
ment by  medicine.  The  act  of  impregnating 
with  some  medicine. 

MEDfCA  TION IIYPODERMIQUE,  see  Ily- 
podermie. 

MEDICATRTNA,  Iatrion. 

MEDICATRIX,  same  etymon.  'Having  the 
power  of  healing.'     A  female  practitioner. 

MEDICI'NA,  Ara  med'ica  sen  Machab'nia  sen 
Macha'dn'ica,  Ret  medica,  Tat'rict,  Jate'ria, 
Tdtri'a,  latri'ne,  Pceoa'yne,  P&on'ice,  Tatrotech'- 
nici,  Aceato'ria,  Scien'tia  med'ica  sen  medendip 
Sole' fin  doetri'na,  Med'icine,  (old  E.)  Medaine, 
The  heoliiuj  art,  Leech  craft,  Pin/sir,  ( F. )  Mf'de- 
ci'ne.  Same  etymon.  A  science,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  cure  of  disease  and  the  preservation 
of  health.  Occasionally,  it  is  used  to  comprehend 
all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art;  at  others  to 
comprise  one  great  division,  in  contradistinction 
to  surgery  and  obatetrice.  Medicine,  in  this  sense, 
includes  many  branches  : — the  chief  of  which  are, 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics, 
Hygiene,  Materia  Medica,  and  Pharmacy. 

Medtcina  Conservattva,  Hygiene — m.  Diab- 
etica, Dietetics  —  in.  Diasostica,  Hygiene  —  in. 
Eclectica,  see  Eclectic — ju.  Efficax,  Surgery — m. 
F|i)iiia,  Hipiiitna  —  in.  1  uectica,  (:  \  mna.-tu  s — 

in.  Forensis,  Medicine,  legal  —  m.  Gymnastics, 
Gymnastics  —  m.  Qermetica,  see  Spagyrists  —  m. 
Judiciaria,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Mcchanica,  Kin  6- 
sipathy,  see  Mechanical — in.  Methodica,  sec  Me- 
thodists—  m.  Militaris,  Military  medicine  —  m. 
Operativa,  Surgery  —  in.  Paracelsistica,  see  Spa- 
gyrists—  m.  Perturbatrix,  see  Perturbatrix  —  m. 
Politica,  Police,  medical  —  in.  Politioo-forensis, 
Medicine,  state  —  in.  Publics,  Medicine,  state  - 
m.  Sinica,  Chinese  medicine — m.  Spagyrica,  Chy- 
mi atria:  sec  Spagyrists — m.  State,  Police,  medi- 
cal— in.  TristitisB,  Crocus — in.  Veterinaria,  Vete- 
rinary art. 

MEDICIN  UiI.E.  Medicinal. 

MEDIC'IN  Hi,  Medidna'lia,  Medicament' nl, 
Medic"inable,  Med'ieal,  Tdter'iua,  Rem e' dial,  /.'< - 
me'diatt  .(!•'. )  Midicinal,  Mtdicamenteux.  Same 
etymon.      Having   a    remedial    power;  —  81 

cinaf  plant*,  ^c.     Relating  to  medicine,  as 

Minn"i\\i.  I>\ys,  Medicina'le*  Dies.  Days 
on  which  the  ancients  considered  that  remedies 
might  be  administered  :  and  especially  ei  acnants. 

Such  days  were  not  esteemed  critical. 

Mkdkin  a  i.  rloims.      Times  at  which  —  the  sto- 
mach   being  freed   from   its  digestive  actions  — 
medicine,  it  was  thought,  could  1  e  most  advaa- 
■!y  administered,  as  in  the  morning  fast- 


MEDICINE 


576 


MEDULLARY 


ing,  an  hour  before  dinner,  some  hours  after  it, 
and  at  bedtime. 

MEDICINE,  Medicament,  Medieina. 

Medicine  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
Medicament,  and  for  a  purging  potion. 

To  Medicine  was  formerly  used  for  "to  restore 
or  cure  by  medicine." 

Medicine  Chest,  Pharmacotheca. 

Medicine,  Clinical,  see  Clinical  —  m.  Eclec- 
tic, see  Eclectic  —  m.  Empirical,  Arcanum  —  m. 
Galenic,  Galenism. 

Medicine,  Legal,  Medical  jurisprudence  of 
some,  Law  or  Foren'sic  medicine,  Medici'na  fo- 
ren'ris  seu  judicia'  ria,  Diciatri'a,  (F.)  Medecine 
legale.  The  application  of  medical  knowledge  to 
the  solution  of  every  question  connected  with 
the  preservation  of  the  species,  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice. 

Medicine,  Patent,  see  Patent  medicine  —  m. 
Political,  Police,  medical — m.  Quack,  Arcanum. 

Medicine  Stamp,  Cachet. 

MEDICINE,  State,  Medici'na  pub'lica  seu  poli- 
tico-fore n' sis.  The  medical  knowledge,  brought 
to  bear  on  state  objects,  as  on  public  hygiene, 
and  matters  appertaining  to  medical  jurispru- 
dence. 

MEDICINAR,  Doctor. 

M ED  WINTER  CATHARTIQUE,  Jatropha 
curcas. 

MED'ICO-  CHIRURG"ICAL,  Med'ico-  Chi- 
rur'gieus.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  medicine 
and  surgery; — as  '  medico-chirnrgical  society.' 

Medico-Chirurgical  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MEDICO-LEGAL.  Med'ico-lega'lis.  Relating 
to  legal  medicine;  as  'a  medico-legal  inquiry, 
Inquisit"io  medico-lega'lis  —  'a  medico-legal  in- 
spection,' fnspec'tio  med' ico-lega' lis. 

MEDICO-STATISTICAL,  see  Statistics,  me- 
dical. 

MEDICUS,  Doctor,  Physician  —  m.  Equarius, 
Hippiater  —  m.  Ocularis,  Oculist  —  m.  Ophthal- 
micus. Oculist — m.  Unguentarius,  Iatraleptes  — 
m.  Veterinarius,  Hippiater  —  m.  Vulnerarius,  see 
Delegation — m.  Vulnerum,  Surgeon. 

MEDIM'NUS,  Jfedim'nos.ueSinvog.  An  ancient 
measure,  capable  of  containing  about  4  pecks  and 
6  pints. 

AIEDINOGORDIUS,  Dracunculus. 

MEDITULLIUM,  Diploe. 

MEDIUM  MUSCULI,  see  Muscle  —  m.  Ven- 
tris,  Umbilicus. 

MEDIUS,  Middle,  Median. 

Me'dius  Dig"itus,  Middle  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt 
du  Milieu,  is  between  the  index  and  ring  finger. 

MEDLAR.  Mespilus. 

MBDSINE,  Medicament,  Medieina. 

MEDO.  Hvdromeli. 

MEDOBLEXXORRIICEA,  Leucorrhcea. 

MED0RRHO3A.  Gonorrhoea  —  m.  Feminarum 
insons.  Leucorrhoea — m.  Virilis,  Gonorrhoea. 

MEDULLA,  Marrow  —  m.  Cerebri,  see  Cere- 
brum—  m.  Dorsalis,  M.  Spinalis  —  m.  Dorsualis, 
M.  Spinalis — m.  Nervorum.  Neurine. 

Medul'la  OBLONGATA,  Oblong  medul'la,  Cer'- 
ebral  protn'berance,  Nervous  system  of  the  senses, 
(Gall),  Cer'ebrum  elonga'tum,  (F.)  Mesocephale, 
Moelle  allongee,  Mesencephafe,  (Ch.)  The  medul- 
lary substance  that  lies  within  the  cranium  upon 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  The 
anterior  surface  which  rests  in  the  basilary 
groove,  is  impressed  by  the  basilary  artery.  At 
the  upper  extremity,  and  on  its  posterior  surface 
are  the  Tnhercula  quadrigemina.  At  the  same 
extremity,  the  medulla  gives  rise  to  two  prolon- 
gations, the  ])ednncles  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mammillary  eminences,  and 
becoming  lost  in  the  optic  tbalami.  The  lower 
extremity  is  called  the  tail  or  Rachid'ian  bulb, 
Bulbus  meduU'ce   spinalis   seu    rachid'icus,   (F.) 


Bulbe  rachidien,  and  is  continuous  with  the  me- 
dulla spinalis.  It  is  to  this  part  only  that  some 
anatomists  apply  the  name  Medulla  oblongata. 
From  the  posterior  angles  two  other  prolongations 
arise,  called  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum.  The 
medulla  oblongata  has  several  eminences  —  the 
Pons  varolii,  Corpora  pyramidalia,  0.  olivaria, 
&c. — and  it  has  a  longitudinal  fissure  before,  and 
another  behind,  called  the  anterior  and  posterior 
median  fissures.  The  vesicular  neurine  in  the 
centre  of  the  medulla  is  the  nervous  centre  of 
respiration  and  deglutition :  hence  it  has  been 
called  centrum  vita'le. 

Medulla  Ossium,  Marrow  —  m.  Spina?,  M. 
spinalis. 

Medll'la  Spina'lis  seu  Spina  seu  dorsua'lis 
seu  vertebra' lis  seu  dorsa'lis,  Corda  spina  lis, 
Funis  argen'teus,  Rhache'trum,  My'elus,  M.  rha- 
chi'tes  seu  notice'us  seu  diauche'nius  seu  pjso'i'tes, 
My'elon,  Notomy'elus,  Rhachi'tes,  JEon,  J'roces'- 
sus  rachidia'nus,  Sao-a  fis'tula,  Spinal  prolonga'  - 
tion,  Ver'tebral  marrow,  Spinal  cord  or  marrow, 
Nervous  system  of  voluntary  motion  and  tactile 
impression  (Gall),  (F.)  Moelle  epiniere,  Moelle 
vertebrale,  called  by  Ch.,  Prolongement  rachidien 
of  the  encephalon,  is  the  continuation  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata.  It  commences  at  the  foramen 
magnum  of  the  occipital  bone,  and  descends  in 
the  vertebral  canal  as  low  as  the  2d  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, without  filling  it;  presenting,  in  its  course, 
several  evident  enlargements.  It  is  grooved  on 
both  its  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces  by  a  fur- 
row, which  divides  it,  in  its  whole  length,  into 
two  great  nervous  cords,  intimately  united  with 
each  other.  It  terminates  by  an  oval  tubercle, 
whence  a  number  of  nerves  set  out  called  Cauda 
equi'na,  (F.)  Queue  de  cheval,  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a  horse's  tail.  The  spinal  marrow  has 
no  analogy,  as  regards  its  structure,  with  the 
marrow  of  long  bones.  It  is  formed  of  two  sub- 
stances :  one  white,  the  other  gray,  presenting 
an  inverse  arrangement  to  that  which  they  have 
in  the  brain,  the  white  being  external,  the  cine- 
ritious  at  the  centre,  Substantia  gri'sea  centra'- 
lis.  It  is  enveloped  by  a  yellowish,  fibrous  mem- 
brane, very  resisting,  which  seems  to  be  continued 
insensibly  from  the  pia  mater,  and  by  two  other 
membranes,  which  are  merely  prolongations  of 
the  arachnoid  and  dura  mater.     See  Xerve. 

Medulla  Vertebralis.  M.  spinalis. 

MEDULL.E,  SDerm. 

MED'ULLARY,  Medulla'ris,  (F.)  M-dnlloire, 
from  medulla,  'marrow.'  Relating  to  the  marrow, 
or  analogous  to  marrow. 

Medtllary  Ar'teries.  The  arteries,  which 
enter  bones  and  pass  to  the  marrow. 

Medullary  Canal,  see  Canal,  medullary  — 
m.  Cells,  see  Medullary  Membrane  —  m.  Juice, 
Marrow — m.  Matter  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebrum. 

Medullary  Membrane, Perios'teum  Inter' nnm, 
Endos'teum.  Avascular,  areolar  web  of  extreme 
tenuity,  which  envelops  the  marrow  and  lines  the 
inner  surface  of  the  medullary  canal  of  the  long 
bones.  This  membrane  has  been  considered  as 
a  species  of  internal  periosteum  of  tho*e  bones. 
It  has  numerous  vessels,  which  bury  themselves 
in  the  thickness  of  the  marrow:  and  others  which 
nourish  the  innermost  plates  of  the  bone.  The 
cells  formed  by  it  are  termed  Cel'lula  seu  SaC- 
culi  medulla'res. 

Medullary  Neurine,  see  Neurine  —  m.  Sar- 
coma, Encephaloid,  Ha?matodes  fungus. 

Medullary  Spbstance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney — m.  s.  of  Schwann,  see  Xerve-fil.re. 

Medullary  System.  Bichat  gives  this  name 
to  the  marrow  and  its  membranes.  lie  distin- 
guishes two  species  of  medullary  systems  ;  the 
one  occupies  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  extremities 
of  the  long  bones  and  that  of  the  flat  and  short 


MEDULLITIS 


•"7  7 


MKLANAGOGUE 


bones  :  the  other  is  found  merely  in  the  central 
canal  of  Ion  _- 

ii.uiv  Ti  noon  or  tiik  Lxnres,  Phthisis, 

MEDULLI'TIS,  Myelitis.    M.  Qerdy  uses  ift- 
dullite  fur  inflammation  of  the  marrow  ol 
teli'ti*.  —  Myelitis   being    usually 

datamation  of  the  spinal  marrow. 
HEERAN,  Daucus  carota. 
MEGALANTHROPOGEN  ESTS,  from  fityas, 
.    'great,'    at$pu>-:os,     'man,'     and     yticois, 
•birth.'     A    term    used    by  a  French    physician, 
:  .  Robert,  to  designate  the  art  of  procreating 

men;  men  of   mind;  men  of  genius.     He 
red    that    they    may    be    perpetuated    by 
to  have   talented   men   united 
to  clever  women  ! 

M  EG  ALOCAR'DIA.frora  ntya<;,,uya\r,, ' great.' 
and  tapSta,  'heart.'     The   Btate  of  having  a  very 
art. 
MEGAL0C03LIA,    Intestine,    great,  Mcgalo- 

ni  i. 
MEG  A  LOMEL'IA,  from  ftcym,  licya\r1,  'great,' 
and  ficXog.  'a  limb.'    A  monstrosity  characterized 
v  large  limbs. 
MEGALOPHO'NIA,    from   ucyas.  jieyoXij, 
and    <pwif},   'voice.'      The    condition    of 
baring  a  full,  strong  voice. 

MEGALOPHTIIAL'MUS,  from  pcyas.  firya'Sn, 
.    <><p9ti\[ios,  'eye.'     A   congenital    de- 
formitv.  in  which  the  eve  is  inordinately  large. 
MEG  U.iHMS,  Maeroporlus. 
MEG  ^LOSPLANCH'NUS,  from  /ityas,  utya\n, 
^vov,  '  a  viscus.'     Megnlocce'lia. 
rates  applies  the  epithet  to  those  in  whom 
is,  or  the  viscera,  are  tumid.     Some  have 
e    substantive  Megalosplanch'nia   for  the 
tumoiir 

MEG  ^LOSPLENIA,  Splenoncus. 
MEGETHO>.  Stature. 
MEGRTM.  Heraicrania. 

MEIBO'MIUS,  GLANDS  OF.  Fol'liclr*  of  M., 
Pal'pebral    or    Cil'iary    Fol'licles,    Glandula  «e- 
Meibomiu'ncB,    Tntestiu'ula 
\ii,  Lncu'iHP.  palpebrarum,  (F.)  Follicides 
•an.c   on   cili<u're»,  Glandes   de   Meibomius. 
Small.  follicles,    called    after    Henry 

oius,  although  known  long  before  his  de- 
scription of  them.  They  are  situate  in  special 
-  in  the  tarsal  cartilages;  and  are  ranged 
by  the  side  of  each  other,  in  the  form  of  yellowish. 
parallel,  and  vertical  lines;  sometimes  straight. 
at  others,  tortuous.  They  mny  be  seen  at  the 
inn>r  surface  of  the  eyelids,  through  the  conjunc- 
tiva, an  1  se  t  ite  n  sebaceous  humour,  called 
i  'tin.  Gum,  (F.)  Ch 

MEIO'SIS,    Men'sis,    Mio'sis,   Tmminu'tio,    Mi- 
mstke'sis,  Mini  tho' sis,  from  ftciota,  '  I  lessen.'    The 
.  in  which  the  symptoms  begin 
to    diminish;  —  the    decline.      Remission.     Also, 
Idiotism. 
MEIUROS,  Decurtatus,  Mynrus. 
MEKILWORT,  Atropa  belladonna. 
MEL,    Meli,   mi'acitm,    Honey,   (P.)  3fiel.     A 
ice  of  a  mueo  saccharine  nature,  prepared 
by  the   Apis   mellifica,  or    common   l>ee,  which 
collects  it  from  the  nectaries  of  (lowers.     Honey 
is  employed  a--  aliment,  condiment,  and  medicine. 
It  is  demulcent  and  aperient ;  and  is  prescribed 
as  an  adjuni  -   in  cynanche  tonsillaris. 

A-.     [t  is,  at  tin  i  detergent  to  foul 

//  ■in  >/,    Mel    vir'ginum   sea   ,■!,-. 
rje,  is    that    which    flows 
ntaneously. 
Hill's  Balsam  or  Howet  i-  formed  of  baham 
tftolsu  B>j,  ',  ,„.,/,  fcj,  rectified  tpirit,  one  gallon, 
ted  empirical  pectoral. 
H.vky   Wateb  is    a  mixture    of 
loured  with  saffron.    A  little  h  nej  i.-  added  to 
37 


communicate  a  clamminess;   the  effect   of  which 
is  to  make  it   retain   the  scent  the  longer.     It  is 

us    i  ;i~  ■  scent. 

Mi;i.  ACETATUY,  Oxymel —  m.  JSgyptiacUTfl, 
ASgyptiacum —  m.  Ae'rium,  Praxinus  ornus  —  m. 
Arnndinaoeum,  Saecbarum, 

Mel   Bora'cis,  .'/.  tubbnra'eis  sen  boraeea'tnm, 

CollutO1 riitui  mlstriii'ifviis,   Lin  inn  ll'tunl  <Ip  llnrii'ie 

sea  ad  aphtha*,  Linctut  de  Bnra'ei  sea  ml  <»/».'<- 
that,   Honey   of   Borax,    Mellite  de    born 
borati.     (  aoracit  contrit.  ,~i.  mellit  despnmati  £j, 
/'//.  L.)     Detergent.    Applied  to  the  mouth  in 
aphthous  affections. 

Mel  C\\\r.  Saccharum  (non  purificatum) — 
m.  Cootum,  Pelieide. 

Mel  Dksi'Ima'tim,  if,  Depura'tum,  Clar'ifird 
Honey,  Anaphrom'eli,  (F.)  Miel  ClarifH  ou  de- 
tpumi  ou  dipuri,  Mellite  simple,  Sirup  at  miel. 
Melt  the  honey  in  a  water-hath,  and  remove  the 
scum.      Uses  the  same  as  honey. 

Mel  Rosjs,  M.  rota'tum,  Melli'tum  de  Rom's, 
Rhodom'eli,  Rhodoetae'ton,  Honey  of  Rotes,    V. 
)/;,/  rotat,  Mellite  de  Roses.     [Rota  gallic,  g    . 
<tt/ii(T>.  bullievt.  f^xij.  mellis  despum.  t'^xx.      M  i- 
cerate  the  roses  in  i'^viij  of  boiling  water  for  four 
hours  ;   press  out  as    much   fluid    as   possil 
set  aside.     Macerate  the  residue  in  f^iv  of  boil- 
ing  water  for   half  an   hour,   and  again   I ■■ 
Reserve  f5tv  of  the  first  infusion  ;   mix  the  re- 
mainder with  the  infusion  last  obtained;   add  the 
honey,  and  evaporate  to  a  pint.     Lastly,  add  the 
reserved   infusion,  and  strain.      Ph.  TJ.   S.)      As- 
tringent and  detergent.      Used  chiefly  in  gargles 
and  washes  for  aphthae,  etc. 

Mel  SctlLjK,  Oxymel  BcillSB —  m.  Scillce  com- 
positum,  Syrupua  scillsa  eotnpositus. 

Mel  Vinoslm,  OZnomel —  m.  Virginum,  see 
Mel. 

M  FL.F.'X  A,  Melanorrhag"ia,  Mele*norrhagt,ia1 
Mela'no-diarrhn'a,  Ic'terut  niger,  Melanchlo'rnt, 
Melanic'terut,  Melat  Tc'tertit,  Melanism' its,  Mor- 
bus niger  sen  niger  Hippoc'ratis,  Enierorrhce'd, 
Black  Jaundice,  (F.)  M>'h',,a,  Mfline,  Mflas- 
it-tire,  Maladie  noire,  Miline,  Tctire  noire  ;  from 
ut\ni.  fi(\avo<;,  'black.'  A  name  given  to  vomit- 
ing of  black  matter,  ordinarily  succeeded  by 
evacuations  of  the  same  character.  It  seems  to 
be  often  a  variety  of  hifimatemesis.  The  Btatrk 
}'<ni)it  in  yellow  fever  is  owing  to  a  morbid  secre- 
tion from  the  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach 
and  small  intestines  mixed  with  blood.  Melsena 
inifies  hemorrhage  from  the  intestines; 
Fluxus  sple'nicus,  Dysenter'ia  splenica,  I>-jre- 
tio'net  nigra,  Scces'sus  niger,  Hem'orrhage  from 

!/,.     fill's' tines. 

Mi.i..i:na  PUKGOSA  C.vnciNODES,  IIa?matodes 
fungus. 

MEL.ENODIARRHCEA,  Melsena, 

M  BL^NOGO'GUS,  from  «cAa*  fLtXavtt,  'black.' 
and  ayu>,  'I  drive  away.'  A  medicine  believed  to 
be  capable  of  expelling  atrabilis  or  'black  bib'.' 

MEL-ENORRHAGIA,  Melnna. 

MELAINE,  see-  Ch  oroides  tunica. 

MELALEU'CA  CAJ  MM'ir.  .'/.  Minor  sen 
!.■  ucoden'dron,  Myrtus  Leucaden'dron,  Lepto- 
spermum  Leucaden'drnm.  Ord.  Myrtaoese.  This 
plant  afford-  the  ('<ijrf,,it  Oil,  (see  Caieput.)  The 
leaves  are  esteemed  diuretic,  stomachic,  and  em- 
menago 

Melaleuca  Leucodeitdeow,  M.  Cajsputi  — 
m.  Minor.  M.  Cajaputi. 

MELAMPHO'NUS,  from  uA<,<.  'ob>cure,' and 
tpiovf),  '  voice.'     Having  a  hoarse  or  indistinct  voice. 

MELAMPHTLLUM,  Acanthus  mollis. 

MELAMPODE,  Helleborui  niger. 

MEL  ^MPODIUM,  Mellebonu  niger. 

MKL AN'.F.M  \.  Suffocation. 

MEL  \\ .F.Mr  \,  Veno*ity. 

MEL'ANAGOGUE,  Meianago'gHt,  from  /JtXaj, 


MELANCHLORUS 


578 


MELEGUETTA 


prXavoj,  'black/  and  ayuy,  'I  expel.'  A  medicine 
which  the  ancients  believed  adapted  for  expelling 
black  bile  or  melancholy. 

MELANCHLO'RUS,  from  fitXas,  /uXavo?, 
♦  black,'  and  xXu>poj,  '  green.'  The  ancients  gave 
this  name  to  certain  dark-coloured  topical  reme- 
dies.    See  Melaena. 

MELANCHOLE,  Atrabilis. 

MELANCHOLIA,  Melancholy  —  m.  Autochi- 
rica.  Suicide —  m.  Errabunda,  Cuttubuth,  Kutu- 
buth — m.  Flatuosa,  Hypochondriasis — in.  Hypo- 
chondriacs, Hypochondriasis — m.  Nervea,  Hypo- 
chondriasis —  m.    Pleonectica,    see     Pleonectica 

—  m.    Saltans,    Chorea  —  m.   Suicidium,    Suicide 

—  m.  Uterina,  Nymphomania  —  m.  Zoanthropia, 
Melancholv. 

MEL'ANCHOLIC,  Melanclol'icus,  Melon' cho- 
lus,  Melancholo'des,  (Se.)  Dram,  Drum,  (F.)  Mi- 
lancotique,  from  jueXa?,  fjeXavos,  'black,'  and  %oX>7, 
'bile.'  One  labouring  under  melancholy.  That 
■which  belongs  or  relates  to  melancholy.  In 
popular  language,  one  of  a  gloomy  disposition. 
MELANCHOLINESS,  Melancholy. 
MELANCHOLODES,  Melancholic. 
MELANCHOLUS,  Melancholic. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  Melancho'lia,  same  etymon. 
Zyjiema'nia,  Ecphro'nia  Melancho'lia,  Mania 
Melancho'lica  seu  Melancho' Ha,  Tristema'nia, 
Baryth'mia,  Hypolejjsioyna'  nia,  Anoe'sia  adstric'- 
ta,  Fixa'tio  mononce'a,  Mel'ancholiness,  (Sc.)  Dis- 
mal ;  (F.)  Melancolie,  Lyperophrenie.  Same 
etymon.  A  disease  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to 
be  caused  by  black  bile.  A  variety  of  mental 
alienation,  characterized  by  excessive  gloom, 
mistrust,  and  depression,  generally,  with  insanity 
on  one  particular  subject  or  train  of  ideas,  Mono- 
mn'nia,  Monomo'ria.  Panophobia,  Demo)iomania, 
Erotomania,  Nostalgia,  &c,  may  be  referred  to 
this  head. 

Melancholy  is  also  used  for  unusual  gloominess 
of  disposition. 

Melancholy,  Erotic,  Erotomania  —  m.  Love, 
Erotomania. 

MELAN'CHRUS,    Melan'ochrus,    from    ^eXa?, 
pe'Sawc,  'black,'  and  ^pwj,  'a  colour.'     One   at- 
tacked with  black  jaun'dice.     Supposed,  by  some, 
to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Melanchlorus. 
MELANCOLIE,  Melancholy. 
MELANCOLIQ UE,  Melancholic. 
MELANEPHRIDOSIS,  Sudor  Anglicus  niger. 
MELANGE  PECTORAL,  Mistura  acidi  hy- 
drocvanici. 

MELAN'IC,  Melan'icns,  Melanotic,  Melanot'- 
iriis,  (F.)  Melane ;  from  fieXag,  /leXavog,  '  black*.' 
Of  or  belonging  to  Melanosis;  —  as  Melanic 
deposit,  a  black  colouring  matter  deposited  from 
the  blood  under  special  circumstances;  —  see 
Melanosis. 

MELANIC  DEPOSIT,  Melanosis. 
MELANICTERUS,  Melaena. 
MELANIENNES.  (Taches),  Nsevus. 
MELANINE,  see  Choroidea  tunica. 
MELANISME,  Melanismus. 
MELANISMUS,    Melama.     M.  I.  G.   St.  Hi- 
laire  employs  the  term  Melanisme.  for  the  change 
of  coloration  of  the  skin  in  which  the  pigment  is 
of  a  deeper  hue  and   in   greater   quantity  than 
natural. 

MELANOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  melanotic. 
MELANOCHRUS,  Melanehrus. 
MELANOMA,  Melanosis  —  m.  Pulinonum,  see 
Melanosis. 

MELANOMYCES.  Melanospongus. 
MELANOPATHT'A,    from   ,/fXaf.   ucXavos, 
'black,'  and    -xaBos,  'affection.'     Ni'gritism,   Ni- 
grit"ies.     A  disease  of  the  skin,  which  consists 


in  augmentation  of  black  pigment,:  generally  in 
patches. 

MELANOPHYMA,  Ergot. 
MELANOPIPER.  Piper  nigrum. 
MELANOPNEUMON,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANORRHAGTA,  Melaena. 
MELANORRHIZUM,  Helleborus  niger. 
IfELANOSE,  Melanosis. 

MELANO'SIS,  Melan'sis,  Melano'ma,  Nigritu'n 
do,  (F.)  Degenerescence  noire,  Melunose  ;  from 
IteXas,  fxtXavos,  'black.'  An  organic  affection,  in 
which  the  tissue  of  the  parts  is  converted,  owing 
to  a  melon' ic  deposit,  into  a  black,  hard,  homo- 
geneous substance,  near  which  ulcers  or  cavities 
may  form;  —  owing  to  the  softening,  either  of 
the  substance  itself,  or  of  some  other  morbid 
tissue,  —  of  tubercles  especially.  This  morbific 
change  affects  the  lungs  particularly  ;  when  it  is 
called  Mel<tno'sis  seu  Melano'ma  seu  Anthroco'tu 
Pulmo'num,  Melanopneu 'mon,  Nigritu'do  melanotf- 
ica,  Melan'sis  Pulmonum,  Pneiimonomelauo'nis, 
Black  tubercle,  (F.)  Melanose  Pnlmonaire.  It  is, 
also,  met  with  in  the  liver  and  areolar  texture. 
Its  causes  are  very  obscure.  Melanosis  of  the 
lungs  constitutes  one  of  the  species  of  phthisis 
of  Bayle ;  hut  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  other  species  during  life. 

In  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  M elan o sen 
(G.)  forms  a  family  of  diseases. 

The  deposition  of  melanic  matter  in  the  tissues 
is  not  necessarily  connected  with  malignant  dis- 
ease.    See  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Melanosis  Pulmonum,  see  Melanosis  —  m. 
Universalis.  Venosity. 

MELANOSMEGMA,  see  Sapo. 

MELANOSPO  N'G  IT  S,  Melanomy'ces,  from 

fic\di,   (icXuvos,    'black,'    and    onoyyos,    'sponge.' 

The  tuberiform  variety  of  melanosis  of  the  lungs. 

MELANOTIC,  Melanic  —  m.  Cancer,  Cancer, 

melanotic. 

MEL'ANOTHRIX,  Atricapill'ns,  (F.)  Melatio- 
trique,  from  juXaj,  'black,'  and  -fyt|,  'hair.' 
Having  black  hair. 

MELANSIS,  Melanosis  —  m.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

MELANTHIUM,  Nigella,  M.  Virginicum— m. 
Muscoetoxicum,  Amianthum  muscaetoxieuni. 

Mklan'thium  VlRGIN'lCUM,  Melanthinm,  Lei- 
man' thium  Virgin'icvm,  Quafadil ;  indigenous; 
Order,  Melanthaceae,  flowering  in  July,  is  said  to 
be  a  sure  but  severe  remedy  for  itch. 

MELAS,  Lepra  nigricans  —  m.  Icterus,  Me- 
laena. 

MELAS'MA,  Ecchymo'ma  Melas'ma,  Nigror, 
from  fjteXas,  'black.'  A  black  spot  or  eechyraosia, 
occurring  on  the  lower  extremities  of  old  people 
especially.  Also  a  cutaneous  affection  analogous 
to  chloasma,  differing  from  it  only  in  the  d:irk 
colour  of  the  morbid  pigment.  It  is  also  called 
Pityriasis  nigra. 

MELAS'SES,  Molas'ses,  Melus'tum,  Theriara 
commn'nis,  Syr'upns  empyreumat'iciisseu  niger, 
Sac'chariFcBX,  Treacle.  (Old  Eng.)  Triacle ;  from 
fieXi,  'honey,'  or  from  fieXas,  'black.'  The  syrup, 
which  remains  after  the  juice  of  the  sugar-cime 
has  been  subjected  to  all  the  operations  for  ex- 
tracting sugar  from  it.  In  the  United  States,  the 
syrup,  made  in  the  process  of  forming  common 
sugar,  is  called  melasses ;  that  remaining  after 
the  refinement  of  sugar  being  termed  sugar-house 
melasses  or  treacle. 

Melasses  Sptuit,  Rum. 

MELATROPH'IA,  from  /itXo?,  'a  limb,'  and 
aTp'xptn,  '  wasting.'     Wasting  of  the  limbs. 

MELCA.  (jeXKa.     Food  made  of  milk,  coagu- 
lated by  boiling  vinegar. 
MELE,  Speeillum. 
MELEA.  Pyrus  malus. 
MELEGUETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisi. 


MELEIOS 


579 


MELLITUM 


MELEI'OS, /nrXeiof,  Melfnut,  Velio*     A  spe- 
cies of  alum  found  in  the  island  of  Melos. 
HELENA,  Meiana. 
MKl.KM-:.  Melsena. 
ME  LEAK.  Pinus  larix. 
MK LI.  Mel. 

MKI.1A,  Fraxinus  ornus. 
II  e' li  A    Azbd'arach,    Azedara'eha    amaj'na, 

Iin/in 

or  of   China,   Pride    tree,    I!  ■■    tree,    Bead    tree. 
■    /.  Meliaceae;   Sex.  Syat.   Decandria  Mo- 

i.     The  bark  of  the  root — called  in  India 

trach,  (Ph.   U.  S.),  is  usually 

given  in  decoction,  in  the  proportien  of  three  or 

four  ounces  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root  to  a 

quart  "f  water,  boiled  down  to  a  pint.     The  dose 

or  two  taMe-spoonfuls,  every  two  or  three 

boars,  till  purging  is  induced.    It  is  given  in  this 

■tuner    as    an    anthelmintic.      It    is    sometimes 

i    into    an    ointment,    and     used     in    tinea 

capitis.      The   tree   is   a   native    of    Syria.    1"   rs  ... 

and  the  north   of  India,  and  is  abundant  in  the 

Southern  states  of  the  Union. 

Mklia  Terra,  Creta. 

MELIAN'THUS    MAJOR,  Nat.    Ord.    Zygo- 
phyllea\      A  south  African   plant,  a  decoction   of 
good  external  remedy  in  tinea 
capitis,    crusta    serpiginosa,    necrosis    and    foul 
It  is  also  useful  as  a  gargle  and  lotion 
in   sore  throat  and   diseases  of  the  gums.       The 
i  leaves  applied  to  ulcers  promote  granu- 
lation. 

MELICERA,  Porrigo  favosa. 
MELICERIA,  Hvdrarthrus,  Porrigo  favosa. 
MELICE'RIS,  Melifa'vium,  from  fxi\i.  'honey,' 
-■>-,  'wax.'    Emphy'ma  encys'lis  melice'ria. 
An  encysted  tumour  filled  with  a  substance  re- 
Mmbling  honey.     Also,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIC'ERi  >US,  Melicer'itoua  :  same  etymon. 

Having  the  characters  of  ineliceris, — as  a  melice- 

tvuh  tumour. 

MKLICERUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICHEI'UM,  from  jit\i,  '  honey,'  nnd  ^rw, 

'I  pour  out.'     A  honey-like  discharge  from  an 

Ulcer. 

MELICRATUM,  llydromeli. 

MELIFAVIUM,  Meliceris,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIGEI'ON,  from  yn\i,  'honey.'  A  fetid 
humour  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  discharged 
from  ulcers,  accompanied  with  caries  of  a  bone. 

M F.I.I LOT.  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELILOTUS,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELIME'LUM,  from  /jeAi,  'honey,' and  (irjXov, 

'»'i  apple.'     A  name  given  to  two  compounds: — 

boney  and  quince,  the  other  of  honey  and 

tfELINE,  Meliena, 
MELIN1  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 
MKLl'N  I'M,  fi))\tvov.    The  ancient  name  of  an 
ointment,  and  of  several  plasters,  described  by 
rides  and   (ialen  :  so  called  from  their  re- 
ng  the  /jtjAov  or  quince  in  colour. 
Mi  i  im  m  Sulphuricum,  Cadmii  sulphas. 
MELINUS,  M. 
MllLlOLE,  Mellitura. 
MELiPHYLLUM.  Melissa. 
MELIS'SA,  from /itAiffffn,  '»  bee,' becau 
(Tattler  honey  from  it.      M.  nfficina'lin  sen  Roma'- 
u  eilra'ta  sell  hnr- 
Citra'go,    Citra'rin,    Melitei'a,    Melineoh'- 


<  '.    .1/-  liitobnt'aiiui 


3fei;» 


huV 


'I  ""I 


him,     ifeliphyl'ltim,     Mentha    citra'ta,    Melit'tie, 

Cedranel'la,     Apian'trnm,     Ero'tion.    Halm,    (F.) 

.    La    Citronelle,    Cfline  :     Nat.    Or, I.     I.,- 

The     le-.ves     of     balm,     Melitea     (Ph. 

have  a  pleasant  odour ;   and  an   austere 

il"cl   :i'  Im  was  formerly  much 

used  in  nervous  diseases,  but   is    now   only  em- 


ployed when  made  into  tea.  as  a  diluent,  in  fe- 
brile affections.  It  i>  the  la-is  of  ;t  celebrated 
preparation,  —  the  Earn  dee  Carmee. 

Melissa  C  u  ihih'tha,  Calami u'tha,  C.  vulga'- 
rit  seu  Ojffieina'rnm  sen  grandiflo'ra,  Thymn*  ea- 
lamin'thafCal'amint,  ament.  This 

plant  smells  like  wild  mint,  though  more  agree- 
ably. It  is  used,  popularly,  as  a  tea  in  dysp<  p- 
sia;  tlatulent  colic  ;  hysteria;  uterine  ob.-truc- 
tions,  Ac. 

Melissa  Canariersis,  Draeocephalum  Cana- 
dense — m.  Citrata,  Melissa— m.  Citrina,  Melissa 
— m.  Clinopodium,  Clinopodium  vulgare. 

Mi  mssv  Qranpiflo'ra,  Thymue  glandi/lo'me, 
Calami n'tha  magno  jflori,  C.  montafna,  Mountain- 
Cal'amint.  This  plant  resembles  the  last  in 
virtues. 

Melissa    Hirsuta,    Melissa  —  ra.  Hortensis, 

-in.  1 1 u in i t is,  Meiittis  mi  lissopliyllum. 
Melissa  Nep'eta,  Thymue  nep'eta  seu  multi- 
flo'rae,  Culamin'tha  An'glica  sen  Pnfe'gii  ndo'ri 
Ben  nep'eta  seu  parvijlo'ra  sen  trichot'oma,  Nep'- 
eta  agree' tie,  Field  Cal'amint,  Spotted  Cal'amint. 
Formerly  used  as  an  aromatic. 

Melissa  Officinalis,  Melissa  —  m.  Pulegiol- 
ries,  Hedeoma — m.  Romana,  .Melissa — m.  Tragi, 
Meiittis  melissophylluin  —  in.  Turcica.  Draeoce- 
phalum Canal  dense. 

MELISSE  DES  HO  IS,  Meiittis  ruelissopbyl- 

lum —  m.  tie  Moldavie,  Draeocephalum  Canari- 
en.-e. 

MELISSOBOTANUM,  Melissa. 
MELISSOBOTOS,  Melissa. 
MELISSOPHYLLUM,  Melissa,  Meiittis  melis- 
Bophyllum. 

MELISSOT,  Meiittis  melissopbyllum. 

MELIT.E'MIA.  Melithm'mia,  from  fje>t, 
'honey,'  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  tho 
circulating  fluid,  in  which  it  contains  an  unusual 
quantity  of  saccharine  matter. 

MELITJBNA,  Melissa. 

ME  UTAH  RE.  Impetigo. 

M  ELITE  I  A,   Melissa. 

MKUT1LKMIA.  Melitsemia. 

MELITHOCORTON,  Oorallina  Corsieana. 

MELITHYPERURIA,  Diabetes. 

MELI'TIS,  Tnfiamma'tio  geiia  ;  from  ^vyAov, 
'  the  cheek,' and  i*fi»,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  cheek. 

MELITITES,  llydromeli. 

MELITTA,  Bee. 

MELITTK,  Melissa. 

M  i: i.i i 'tis  M  blissophtl'lttk,  La'mium  momta'- 
viini,  Melina  hu'milit  sen  tylvee'trit  seu  Tragi, 
La'minm  Plin'ii,  ifelieeophyl'lnm,  Battard  Balm, 
(¥.)  Milieee  rfes  Boie,  Milieeot.  Ord.  Labiatse. 
This  plant  was  formerly  employed,  like  the  balm, 
in  uterine  obstructions. 

Mri.inis  Syi  vkstims,  M.  Melissophvllum. 

MELITURIA,  lrrine,  diabetic,  see  Diabetes. 

MELI'TUS,  Miili'tux.  from  met,  'honey.'  Ap- 
pertain in  e  to  honey.      Of  the  nature  of  honey. 

MELIZO'MUM,  from  ptXt,  '  boney/ and  fa(io<;, 
'broth  :'  Mead,  Melli'na,  Methea' tin,  {Prov.)  Mnl- 
Hn,       \  drink  prepared  with  honey. 

MELLA'GO,  from  met,  -honey.'  Any  medi- 
cine having  the  consistence  of  boney*.     A  fluid 

extract. 

MKLLTCRATUM,  FlydromelL 

MELLIFAVIUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELLINA,  Meli/omu.n. 

MELLITE  hi:  BORAX,  Mel  boracis— w,  <le 
^I el  rosso  ■  m.  Simple,  Mel  despumatiim. 

MELLITUM.  from  mel,  'honey.'  !  .  '/  ■  / 
me'dieinal,  HgdromelU,  8aeehar»U  tiquide,  Mtli- 
<>!,'.     A  prepared  honey:— a  medicated  I 

Mi  i  i.iiim     im:      ICBTATI    ClTPRI,    l.iniinentutn 

2Eruginis. 


MELLITUS 


80 


MEMBRANA 


Mellitum  de  Mercuria'li  Compos'itum,  (F.) 
Miel  de  mercuriale  compose,  Syrop  de  longue  vie. 
[Slice,  pun'/,  mer cur i alia  tbij,  boraginis,  auchusa 
officinalis,  aa  tbss,  iris  pseudacori  radicia  recent. 
,3'j>  rafl-  »icc.  gentiance  %j,  mellis  Ibiij,  vini  albi 
gxiij.  Macerate  the  bruised  roots  in  the  wine 
for  21  hours;  strain  ;  mix  the  juices  and  honey; 
boil  slightly,  and  filter;  then  add  the  two  liquors, 
and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  <fec. 

Meelitum  de  Rosis,  Mel  rosae. 

Mellitum  SIMPLEX,  Syr'upus  de  Melle,  Syrup 
of  Honey.  (Mel/is  tbvj,  aquce  Ibiss,  carbonat. 
caJcis.  pi-GP.parat.  ^iij.  Mix  the  honey,  water, 
and  carbonate  of  lime  in  a  silver  vessel  :  boil  the 
mixture,  stirring,  at  the  same  time,  for  2  or  3 
minutes:  then  add  prepn  red  animal  charcoal  Jfvj, 
two  whites  of  eggs,  mixed  in  a  pint  of  water.  Mix 
all,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup  :  remove 
from  the  fire;  let  the  sj'rup  rest  for  15  minutes, 
and  pass  through  a  cloth.     Ph.  P.)     Demulcent. 

MELLITUS,  Melitus. 

MELOiE'MIA,  from  tie\a$,  'black,'  and  'ai/ia, 
'blood.'  A  state  of  blood,  characterized  by  its 
incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic  pro- 
perties. 

MELOCHI'TIS,  Lapis  Arme'nius,  Armeni'tes, 
Arme'nian  Stone.  A  variety  of  blue  carbonate 
of  copper.  It  is  found  in  Germany,  the  Tyrol, 
and  especially  in  Armenia.  It  was  formerly  em- 
ployed as  a  cardiac,  and  as  proper  for  purging 
awav  melancholy. 

MELODID'YMUS,  from  peXos,  'a  limb/  and 
itSvuos,  '  double.'     A  double  member  or  limb. 

MELOE  MAJALTS,  see  Cantharis. 

Meloe  Niger,  M.  Pennaylvan'icus  ;  Class,  In- 
secta:  Ord.  Coleoptera.  A  blistering  fly,  native 
of  the  United  States.  It  feeds  upon  Prunel'la 
vidga'ria  or  Self-heal,  and  Ambro'sia  tri/'ida  or 
Stick-weed.  These  flies  resemble  the  Spanish 
flies  in  properties. 

Meloe  Pennsylvanicus,  M.  niger. 

Meloe  Proscarab,e'us.,  Can  tar  el' Ins,  was 
anciently  used  as  a  diuretic  and  anti-hydropho- 
bic.     See  Cantharis. 

Meloe  Vesicatorius,  Cantharis. 

MELOM'ELES,  from  /j^Ao?,  'a  member,'  and 
(jieXzus,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster  with  super- 
numerary limbs. 

MELON,  firi\ov,  '  an  apple.'  A  disorder  of  the 
eye,  in  which  it  protrudes  out  of  the  socket.  See 
Exophthalmia. — Castelli. 

Melon,  Cucumis  melo — m.d'Eau,  Cucurbita 
citrullns  —  m.  Plant,  Cucumis  melo  —  m.  Water, 
Cucurbita  citrullus. 

MELONGENA,  Solanum  melongena. 

MELOPLACUNTIUM,  Meloplacus, 

MELOPLA'CUS,  Meloplacun'tinm,  from  un\ov, 
1  an  apple,'  'a  quince.'  A  compound  obtained  by 
boiling  luine,  honey,  quince,  pepper,  &c,  together. 
—Galen. 

MELOPLAS'TIC,  Meloplas'ticus,  Genoplas'tic, 
from  fjinXov,  'the  cheek,'  and  TzXaaaio,  'I  form.' 
(F.)  Meloplastie,  an  epithet  for  the  operation  for 
forming  a  new  cheek  when  any  part  of  it  has 
been  lost. 

MELOS,  (it\oc,  Membrum.  A  member.  A  limb. 
An  organized  part,  composed  of  other  parts. — 
Castelli. 

MELO'SIS,  Catheteris'mus,  Cenembate'sis,  from 
Itrj'Xn,  'a  probe.'  The  act  of  probing  a  wound, 
ulcer,  (fee. — Hinpocratus.     Catheterisrn. 

MELOTHRUM.  Bryonia  alba; 

MELO'TIS,  Melo'tris,  Specil'lum  minus.  From 
HvXt),  '  a  probe.'  A  small  probe, — a  probe  for  the 
ear.     See  Apyromele. 

MELOTRIS,  Melotis. 

MELT,  Spleen.  Also,  the  sperm  of  fish, — 
Milt. 


MELTING,  Fusion. 

MELUM,  nri\ov,  Malum.  An  apple.  Fruit  in 
general.  Also,  a  round,  firm  female  breast. 
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye  is  an 
apple-formed  projection  of  the  eye  from  the 
orbit. 

Melum  Armeniacum,  Prunus  armeniaca  —  m. 
Cydonium,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

MELUSTUM,  Melasses. 

MEMBRA  PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

MEMBRANA,  Membrane— m.  Abdominis,  Pe- 
ritonaeum— m.  Adiposa,  Cellular  membrane  — in. 
Adventitia,  Decidua  reflexa — m.  Agnina,  Amnios 
— m.  Amphiblestrodes,  Retina — m.  Arachnoidea, 
Hyaloid  membrane  —  m.  Capsularis  testis,  Albu- 
ginea  —  m.  Carnosa,  Dartos  —  m.  Cellulosa,  Cel- 
lular membrane — m.  Cellulosa,  Decidua — m.  Ce- 
rebri tenuis.  Pia  mater  —  m.  Cerebri  mollis.  Pia, 
mater  —  m.  Cerebri  propria,  Pia  mater — m.  Cho- 
rio  capillaris,  see  Choroidea  tunica — m.  Circu- 
mossalis,  Periosteum — m.  Communis,  Decidua  — 
m.  Cor  circumplexa,  Pericardium — m.  C<  rdis. 
Pericardium — m.  Costalis,  Pleura — m.  Costa?  suc- 
cingens,  Pleura  —  m.  Crassa,  Decidua  reflexa  — 
m.  Cribrosa,  Decidua — m.  Cuticularis,  Dura  ma- 
ter—  m.  Decidua  serotina,  see  Decidua  —  no.  De- 
muriana,  see  Aqueous  humour,  and  Cornea  —  m. 
Dentata,  Denticulatum  ligamentum — in.  Derma- 
todes,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Descemetii,  see  Aqueous 
humour,  and  Cornea — m.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num— m.  Dura  cerebrum  ambiens,  Dura  mater — 
m.  Epicrania,  Galea  aponeurotica  capitis  —  m. 
Externa  dentium,  Tapetum  alveoli — m.  Farcimi- 
nalis,  Allantois — m.  Fenestra  rotundaa,  see  Fe- 
nestra—  m.  Filamentosa,  Decidua  reflexa  —  m. 
Flocculenta,  Decidua  —  m.  Fcetum  involvens, 
Amnios — in.  Fusca,  see  Sclerotic. 

Membra'xa  Granulo'sa,  Gran'ular  membrane 
or  layer,  (F.)  Jlembrane  granuleuse,  Couehe  cel- 
luleuse  (Coste).  A  layer  of  yellow,  granular 
matter,  which  lines  the  inner  layer  of  the  Graa- 
fian follicle,  and  is  regarded  by  Kolliker  as  epi- 
thelium. 

Membraxa  Humorts  Aquei,  see  Aqueous  hu- 
mour—  m.  Interspinal,  Interspinal  ligament  — 
m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois — m.  Jacobi,  Tunica 
Jacobi — m.  Jacobi  Arnold,  see  Iris — m.  Limitnns, 
see  Iris  —  m.  Limitans  Pacini,  see  Iris —  m.  Linj 
giue,  see  Tongue — m.  Macilentior,  Epiploon,  gas- 
trohepatic — m.  Mucosa,  Decidua.  see  Membrane — 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — m.  Nictitans,  Yalvula 
semilunaris — m.  Olfactoria,  Pituitary  membrane 
—  m.  Ossis,  Periosteum  —  m.  Ovi  materna,  De- 
cidua—  m.  Ovuli  corticalis,  Oiocalymma —  m. 
Pellucida,  Amnios  —  m.  Pigmenti,  see  Iris  —  m. 
Pinguedinosa,  see  Cellular  membrane  —  in.  Pin- 
guis  intestinorum,  Mesentery  —  in.  Pituiiaria, 
Pituitary  membrane,  see  Membrane  —  m.  Pitui- 
tosa,  see  Membrane — m.  Pleuretica,  Pleura — in. 
Praaexistens,  Decidua  —  m.  Propria,  Basement 
membrane,  and  Folliculi  Graafiani,  see  Cortex 
ovi — m.  Pupillaris,  Pupillary  membrane. 

Membra'na  Putam'inis,  (putamen,  'a  shell  or 
husk.')  Pellicula  Ovi.  The  membrane  adherent 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the  eggshell.  —  Putamen 
seu  Testa  Ori. 

Membraxa  Retiformis  Chorii,  Decidua  reflexa 
— m.  Ruyschiana,  Choroid  (inner  layer.) 

Membraxa  Sacciform'is.  A  separate  synovial 
membrane  for  the  inferior  radio-cubital  articula- 
tion, which  covers  the  upper  surface  of  the  trian- 
gular ligament,  and  the  sort  of  incomplete  ring 
which  circumscribes  the  head  of  the  ulna. 

Membraxa  SEMiPELLi;cir>A,Caligo— m.  Serosa, 
Membrane  (serous)  —  m.  Sinuosa,  Decidua — m. 
Subcostalis,  Pleura — m.  Succingens,  Diaphragm, 
Pleura. 

Membraxa    Testae,    Shell    membrane.      The 


MEMBRANACEOUS 


681 


MEMBRANES  .  1 1 BUG1NEUSES 


membrane  that  linos  the  shell  of  the  bil  l1 
— a  simple  membrane. 

MEMBRANA    ThORACEM    IntMRSI iPISNS,    Media- 
stinum— in.  Tympani,  Bee  Tympanum — m.  Tym- 
icundaria,  see  Fenestra — m.  Urinaria,  Al- 
lantois— m.  Uteri  interna  evoluta,   Decidua — m. 
1  Uvea — m.  Vasculosa  cerebri,  I'ia  mater — 

in.  Vasorum  Communis,  Endangium — m.  Verricu- 
lari<.  Retina. 

\   Versk  'olor.     A    peculiar  mem- 

braue —  according    !■■    Mr.   Fielding,  of   Hull  — 

immediately   behind    the    retina,  and    in 

sion  with  it.     It  is  separable  into  distinct 

from    the    choroid,  and  is  supplied  with 

bf.M„U 

Ml  MBRANA  Wachexdorpiana,  Pupillary  mem- 
brane. 

MEMBB  W"  *CEOUS,  Membranous. 
MEMBRANE,    Membra'na,    Hymen,    Meninx, 

■nun.  Pan'nivle.      A   name  given  to  differ- 
ent  thin  organs,  representing  a  species  of  supple, 
■lore  or  less  elastic,  webs  ;  varying  in  their  struc- 
ture and  vital   properties,  and   intended,  in  gene- 
ral, to  absorb  or  Becrete   certain  thuds:  and  to 
separate,  envelop,  and  form   other  organs.     Bi- 
ehat  lias  divided  the  membranes  into  simple  and 
■  ind. 
Simple  membranes  comprise  three  orders.     1.  A 
M neons  membrane,  Membra'na  mneo'sa  seu  pitui- 
ii  pituita'ria,  Phleg'mymen,  Phlegmat'hy- 
<  ie  foil icnlense  (Ch.),  is  so  called,  on 
account    of    the    mucous    fluid    b}-    which    it   is 
otly  lubricated.      Mucous    membranes   line 
r.als,   cavities,   and    hollow  organs,   which 
communicate    externally    by    different    apertures 
on  the  skin.     Bicbat   refers   them    to   two  great 
divisions — the  gastro-pnlmonary,  and  the  genito- 
urinary.    The  mucous  membranes  nave  a  striking 
analogy  with   the  cutaneous   tissue,  in   organiza- 
tion, functions,  and  disease--.    They  are  composed 
of  chorion,  papilla',  and  epidermis ;  and  are  fur- 
;  with  a  multitude  of  follicles,  which  secrete 
i  humour, — mucus.      They  receive  a  quan- 
tity  of   arterial    vessels,   veins,    lymphatics,   and 
2.   The    Serous   membranes,   Membra'na 
.  M.  villeusi  h  simple  (Ch.),  are  transparent, 
thin,  and  composed  of  one  lamina.     One  surface 
adheres   to  other  textures  ;   the   other  is   smooth, 
polished,  and  moistened  by  a  serous  fluid.     They 
are  arranged  —  in  the  form  of  sacs  without  aper- 
_  ■  ■■■at.  intermediate  reservoirs   for  the 
I   and   absorbent   systems,  in   which    the 
fluid,  in   passing  from  one  system,  tarries 
time  before  it  enters  the  other.     The  serous 
resemble    the    areolar   membrane  in 
structure  and  diseases.      They  facilitate  the  mo- 
tion on  each  other  of  the  organs  which  they  en- 
velop.    They    may   be   divided    into    [a)    Serous 
properly  so  called;  as  the  arachnoid, 
.    peritoneum,    and    tunica  vaginalis.      (I>) 
til   membranes   or   capsules;   which    belong 
to  joints,  tendons,  aponeuroses,  Ac.     These  mem- 
-  mucous  and  serous  —  are  constituted  of 
similar  layers — epithelium,  basement   membrane. 
eondensed  areolar  tissue;  and  a  looser  form  of 
areolar  tissue,  termed  submucous  in  one  ■ 

ri4  in   the    other.     ;'-.    Fibrous    membranes, 

Ch.)     These  are  almost 

all  continuous,  and  terminate  at  the  periosteum  — 

immon   centre.     They  have  been   divided 

1.    Enveloping    aponeuroses, 

■  nf  insertion,  Fibrous  capsules  of  the 

and    Fibrous  sheath   of  tendons.     2.    The 

'■urn.  Dura  mater,  Sclerotica,   Tunica  albu- 

Fibrous  membrane   of  the  spleen,  <tc. 

The  fibrous  membranes  are  not  free  or  moistened 

by  any  particular  fluid.     They  adhere    by  both 

-  t.i  the  neighbouring  parts;  are  firm,  re- 

fiiiti/ig,  but  slightly  elastic,  and  of  a  white  colour; 


sometimes   pearly  and   glistening.      Their 
are  numerous,  in  Mime,  as  in  the  dura  mater  and 
periosteum;  in  others,  scarcely  perceptible,  m  in 
the  aponeuroses.     The    presence   of  nerves    has 
never  been  proved,  although  several   circuiiistan- 

rarding  their  sensibility,  render  th< 
istence  probable.  The  fibrous  membranes  serve, 
in  general,  to  augment  the  solidity  of  the  organs 
which  they  envelop;  to  retain  the  muscles  in 
their  respective  positions;  to  favour  the  motion 
of  the  limbs,  and  that  of  the  muscles  and  skin; 
to  form  canals  and  rings  for  the  passage  of  dif- 
ferent organs,  &c. 

Bichat  admits  three  species  of  Compound  Mem- 
brane*. 1.  The  Sero-fibroue,  formed  of  a  serous 
and  fibrous  lamina,  intimately  adherent  to  each 
other;  —  as  the  pericardium,  dura  mater,  and  tu- 
nica albuginea.  2.  The  Sero-mueoue,  funned  of 
a  serous  and  mucous  lamina  : — as  the  gall-bladder 
at  its  lower  part.  3.  The  Ffbro-ntucoue,  consti- 
tuted of  the  union  of  afibroua  and  inucous  mem- 
brane; as  the  mucous  membrane  of  tht  nasal  fossa: , 
gums,  Ac.  Chauseier  admits  six.  kinds  of  mem- 
branes. 1.  The  laminated.  See  Cellular  Tissue. 
2.  The  scrouz  or  simple  villous.  3.  The  follicular 
or  complicated  villous.  4.  The  mtutcular  or fleshy. 
5.  The  albugineous.     6.  The  albuminous. 

Mem  brake,  Accidental,  M.  false  —  m.  Acci- 

dentelle.  M.   false  —  m.  Adnie,   Conjunctiva — m. 
Adventitious,  M.  false — m.  Anhistous,  Decidua. 
Membrane,  Basement,  Pri'mary  or  lim'itary 

membrane,  Membra'na  pro'pria.  A  delicate, 
structureless  lamella  of  membrane  found  beneath 
the  epidermis  or  epithelium,  on  all  the  free  sur- 
faces of  the  body. 

MEMBRANE  CADUQUE,  Decidna— m.  Ca- 
duque  rifliehie,  Decidua  reflexa — m.  de  Demoure, 
Bee  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea  —  m.  de  Dts- 
cemet,  see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea. 

Membrane;  False,  Accidental  or  Adtentit"- 
ious  membrane,  Pseudo-membrane,  Paeud'ymen, 
Pseudome'ninx,  (F. )  Fauaae  membrane,  M.  acei- 
dentelle.  Membranous  productions,  which  form 
on  all  the  free  natural  surfaces,  and  on  every 
free  accidental  surface,  are  SO  called.  They 
are,  in  general,  produced  by  the  exudation  of  a 
fibrinous  matter,  susceptible  of  organization, 
which  takes  place  in  consequence  of  inflammation 
of  the  various  tissues.  These  accidental  mem- 
branes occur  on  the  skin  after  the  application  of 
a  blister;  on  mucous  surfaces,  as  in  croup;  on 
the  parietes  of  inflamed  veins  and  arteries.  4c. 
The  cicatrices  of  wounds  are  formed  of  thein. 

Of  late,  it  has  been  proposed  to  <^ive  the  name 
pseudo-membrane  to  fibrinous  exudations,  which 
are  devoid  of  organization,  whilst  neo-membrane 
may  be  applied  to  such  fresh  productions  as  have 
become  Bupplied  with  vessels  and  nerves. 

MEMBRANE  FAUSSE,  Membrane,  false  — 
m.  Germinal,  see  Molecule — m.  Granular,  Mem- 
brans  granulosa — m.  Granuleuee,  Membrana  gra- 
nulosa— m.  Haptogen,  see  Haptogenous— m.  Pri- 
mary, .Membrane,  basement — in.  I'seudo.  M.  false 

—  in.  Hyaloid,  see  Hyaloid  membrane — in.  Jacob's, 
Tunica  Jacobi  —  in. Limitary,  .Membrane,  basement 

—  in.  Na-niyth's,  see  Enamel  —  m.  Ruyschienne, 
Choroid  (inner  layer),  Kuyschiana  tunica  —  m. 
Shell,  Membrana  testa1 — m.  du  Tympan,  Bee  T\  m- 
pannm  —  m.  Virginal,  Hymen  —  m.  Vitellary, 
Zona  pellucida — m.   Vitelline,  Zona  pellucida. 

MEMBRANES  A  I.  BUGJNEUSES,  Mem- 
branes, fibrous,  see  Albuginea  —  m.  Folliculeneee, 
Membranes,  mucous — m.  Veloutiee,  Villous  mem- 
branes— m.  Villeueet  eimplee,  Membranes,  Berons. 

Membranes  on  the  Fa  n  »,  Membra'na  fostum 

inro/ri  ii'ti  s,       \'i  hi  mi u' ta      i  H  fn  n'  t  is,      I  nteiju  mi  -it'  ta 

faetue,  The  membrane*.  The  membranes  which 
immediately  envelop  the  feetas  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus,  and  the  rapture  of  which  gives  rise 


MEMBRAXEUX 


582 


MEXIXGOMALACIA 


to  the  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii.  These  inein-  ; 
branes  are  the  decidua,  chorion,  and  amnion. 

MRVBRANRS,  Thr,  Membranes  of  the  Foetus,     i 

ME  HBRANEUX,  MembranoM. 

M  KM'BRAXIFORM.  Membnuiiform'ia.  from 
membrana.  and  forma  .—resembling a  membrane. 
A  name  given  bo  thin  and  flat  parts,  which  re- 
semble membranes. 

Mr.MBKYNiFORM  Muscles.  Very  broad  and 
thin  muscles,  as  the  platysma  myoides,  obliquus 
abdominis,  Ac. 

MEMBRANOSUS,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

MEM'BRANOUS,  Membrano'sus,  Membrana'- 
cetvt,  Hymeno'des,  (F.)  Membraneux.  Having  the 
nature  of  membrane.     Formed  of  membrane. 

MEMBRANULA,  Hymenium— in.  Coronas  ci- 
liaris,  see  Ciliary— m.  Lunata  Vaginm,  Hymen— 
ni.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma— m.  Semilunaris  con- 
junctivae. Valvula  semilunaris. 

MEM'BRANULE,  Membran'ula,  diminutive  of 
jmbrane.'     A  small  membrane. 


membrnna,  '  a  m 

MEMRRE,  Membrum — m.  Virif,  Penis. 

MEMBRO'SUS,  Membro'sior,  Mentnla'tm,  Mu- 
tonia'tns,  Naea'tw,   vahle  Mentida'tus,  Fascino'- 
BK9,   Pmlon,   (F.)   Membra,  from    membrum,  'the 
male  organ.'     One  whose  penis  is  very  large. 
MESTBRU,  Membrosus. 

MEMBRUM.  Artns,  Melon,  Colon,  a  limb,  a 
member,  (F.)  Memhre.  The  limb*  or  extremities 
or  members  of  animals  are  certain  parts  exterior 
to  the  body,  which  are  more  or  less  apparent, 
lonj.  and  moveable.  It  is  by  means  of  their 
limbs,  that  animals  transport  themselves  from  j 
one  place  to  another;  and  that  they  defend  them- 
selves, or  attack  others.  The  limbs  are  arranged 
on  each  side  of  the  trunk,  witb  which  they  are 
articulated.     In  man,  they  are  four  in  number 


tery,  (F.)  Artere  meningee  moyenne  ou  Spheno. 
epinense,  ou  Epineuse,  is  the  largest  of  the 
branches  given  off  by  the  internal  maxillary 
artery.  It  enters  the  cranium  by  the  foramen 
spinale,  and  distributes  its  branches  chiefly  to 
the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Vessels,  Yasa  menin'gea.  The 
vessels  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENIN'GES,  Eilam'iden,  Matres  seu  Involn** 
era   Cer'cbri,   Omen'ta  seu   Velamen'ta  cerebra'lia, 
from  ixTjviyt,  nmnyyos,  'a  membrane.'     The  three 
membranes    which     envelop     the    brain  —  Dura 
mater,  Arachnoid,  and  Pia  mater. 
MEXIXGETTE,  Pia  mater. 
MENINGIITIS,  Meningitis. 
MENINGI'NA,  (F.)  Meningine.  Same  etymon. 
A    name    given    by  Chaussier  to  the  pia  mater, 
united  to  the  cerebral  layer  of  the  arachnoid. 
Meningina,  Inner  Lamina  of  the,  Pia  mater. 
MENINGINE,  Meningina. 
MENINGITE,  CEREBROSPINAL,  Menin- 
gitis, cerebro-spinal. 

MEXIXGIXI  TIS,  from  meningina,  and  ids, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  me- 
ningina. 

MEXIXGIOX.  Arachnoid  membrane. 
MENINGIS  CUSTOS,  Meningophjlax. 
MENINGITE,    Meningitis  —  m.     Granulenty 
Hydrocephalus  interims  —  m.   Rachidienne,   Me- 
ningitis, spinal  —  m.    Tuberculeuse,  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 

MENINGI'TIS,      Meningii'tis,      Eneephali'tis 

peripher'ica   seu  membrano'sa,  (F.)  Inflammation 

de  la  membrane  sereuse  ciphalo-rachidienne,  Me- 

ningite,  from  meninges,  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 

Inflammation  of  the  meninges  or  mem- 


ma  tion. 
—t™o'nm>'er  or  thoracic"  and 'two  lower,  pelcic  or  |  branes  of  the  brain.     See  Phrenitis 
abdominal.     Also,  the  male  organ.  Meningitis  Arthritica    Cephalagra 

Meningitis.   Cer'ebro-Spinal,  Myeh  tis,  pete 


Membrcm  Genitale  Viroruh.  Penis— m.  Mu- 
liebre,  Clitoris  — m.  Seminale,  Penis  —  m.  Virile,  , 
Penis. 

ME  VOIRE,  Memorv — m.  Perte.  de,  Amnesia. 

MEMORIA  DELETA,  Amnesia. 

MEM'ORY,     Memo'ria,     Mneme,    Recorda'tio, 

liecorda'tus,  (F.)  Memoire.     The  cerebral  faculty. 

by  virtue  of  which  past  impressions  are  recalled 

to  the  mind. 

MEMPHFTES  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  stone,  found 
anciently  in  the  environs  of  Memphis;  which  was 
esteemed  narcotic. 

MENAGOGUES,  Emmenagogues. 
*M  EX  D  E SION,  JEgyptiacum. 
MENE,  Moon. 

MENECRATIS  ACCIPITER,  Accipiter. 
MEXELCO'SIS,  Helcome'nia,  from  fir,v,  '  a 
month,'    and    'cXcwri?,    'ulceration.'      Vicarious 
menstruation  from  an  ulcer. 
MEXE>.  Menses. 
MHiNESPAUSlE,  see  Menses. 
MENIDRO'SIS,    from    u>?v,    'a    month,    and 
'ifywcns,   'sweating.'      A   sweating   of  menstrual 
blood. — Book. 

MENFRIGE,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 
MENINGARTHROC'ACE,  Inflnmma'tio  mem- 
brana'rum  articnlntio'nin,  Arthromeningi'tis,  from 
urjviy!-,  firviyyos,  '  membrane,'  apdoov,  'a  joint, 'and 
KnKog.  '  disease.'  Inflammation  of  the  membranes 
of  a  joint. 

MENINGE,  Dura  mater. 
MENINGE,  Meningeal. 

MENIN'GEAL,  Menin'geun,  from  urpty^,  ucviy- 
yoS,  'a  membrane.'  (P.)  Meninge.  Relating  to 
the  meninges,  or  merely  to  the  dura  mater. 
Meningeal  Apoplexy,  see  Apoplexy. 
Meningeal  Artery,  Middle,  Arte'ria  menin'- 
gea me'din  seu  Sphano-spino'sa  seu  Duraz  Matria 
media  max'ima  seu  Sphceno-sjnna'lis,  Spinal  Ar- 


ch ia' I  is,  Cer'ebral  or  cer'ebro-spinal  typhus,  (F.) 
Meningite  cerebro-spinal,  Fievre  cerebro-spinol, 
Typhus  cerebro-spinal.  An  alarmingly  fatal  form 
of  epidemic  fever,  which  prevailed  in  different 
countries  of  Europe,  and.  also,  in  certain  portions 
of  the  United  States,  near  the  middle  of  the  19th 
century.  It  is  considered,  by  Boudin,  to  consti- 
tute the  cerebro-spinal  form  of  the  nosological 
group  of  typhus. 

Meningi'tis  Granular,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus— m.Hydrocephalica.  Hydrocephalus  internus 
—  m.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus  — m. 
Membranosa,  M.  spinal 

Meningitis  Mesencephal'ica.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and 
pons  varolii  more  especially. 

Meningitis  Peripherics,  M.  spinal  — m.  Po- 
tatorum, Delirium  tremens  —  m.  Rachidian,  M. 
spinal— m.  Scrophulous,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 
Meningitis.  Spinal.  M.  Rachid'ian  seu  Spi- 
nalis seu  peripher'ica  seumembrano'sa,  Perimye- 
litis. Myelo-meningi'tis,  (F.)  Meningite  rachi- 
dienne. Inflammation  of  the  meninges  of  the 
spinal  marrow. 

Meningitis,  Tubercular,  see  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

MEXIX'GIUM.  Diminutive  of  unviyl,  utjnyyoft 
'a  membrane.'  A  fine,  delicate  membrane.  The 
tunica  arachnoidea  of  the  brain. 

M  E  X  I  X  G  0  -  CEPHALI'TIS,  Meningn-enee- 
phali'tis,  Ceph'alo-meningi'tis,  Eneeph'alo. menin- 
gitis, from  unviyl  wviyyos,  '  a  membrane,'  Kt^aXn, 
•head.'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  membranes  and  brain. 

MEXIXGO-GASTRIC  FEVER,  Fever,  gas- 
tric. 

MENINGOGASTRITIS,  Fever,  gastric. 
MEXIXGOMALA'CIA,  from  unviyl  utjviyyos, 


MENINGOPHYLAX 


MENS  E S 


brane.'   :id  1    /ta'Xaicta,    'softening.'     Softeu- 

meinbnines  in  general. 

MEXIXGOPU'YLAX,    Cuatoa    menin'gia,  De- 

:.     V      i 

.   membrane,'  the  dura  mater;  and  </n'Aa£, 

An  instrument  tor  depressing  the 

dura  mater,  and  guarding  it  from  injury,  whilst 

•  •  is  cut  or  r.is 
MENIXGORRIICE'A,    from    n^tyS,    uwiyyof, 

'membrane,' and  oiui,  '  I  flow.'     Etfusion  of  blood 
apon  <>r  between  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENIXGO'SIS.     Same    etymon.     The  union 

of  bones   1  v  means  of  membrane;  e.  g.  the  arti- 

ralation  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium  in  the  foetus. 

.'o-is  is  a  varietv  of  Syndesmosis. 

MEXIXGOS  YM'Pll  YSIS ;  J/<  h in,j  ,ayz'ia,from 

trinyyog,  '  membrane,'  and  <rvfi<f>vcti,  'grow- 

.'     Adhesion    of    or   by    membrane. 

m  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  to  each 

the  hr:iin. 
[XGOSYZIA.  Meningosymphysis. 
lXiil  'RIA;  Crow  pnviyZ,  'a  membrane.' 

•  ;•.  '  urine.'     The  passage  of  urine  contain- 
ibranous  shreds. 

S  I  X  X.   Membrane  — ra.    Choroides,    Pia 
—  tu.  Crassa,  Dura  mater  —  in.  Dura,  Dura 
-m.  Exterior,  Dura   mater  —  in.  Interior, 
iter — in.  Media,  Arachnoid  membrane — m. 
i.  Dura  mater  —  in.  Sclera,  Dura  mater  — 
-  i.  Arachnoid   membrane — m.  Vasculosa, 
'•cr. 
MEXISCIIESIS,  see  Amenorrhoea. 
MENISCI.  Cartilages,  interartieular. 
MEX1SPERMUM  AXGULATUM,  M.  Cana- 

I't'M     Canadf.n'sk,    Jf.    angu/a'tum, 

Menispermaceae,    from    nvvtj,    'the    moon.' 

in  allusion   to  the  crescentic 

shape  ot  the  seed.     A  climbing  plant,  growing  in 

various  parts  of  the   United  States.     Said  to  be 

Virginia  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla 

fula,  and  to  be  called,  in  the  West,  Saraa- 

i.     It  i.-  an  excitant  tonic. 

i. is,  J/",  glancum,  A»a- 

Iii8  seu  panicula'ta,  Coc'culue  aube- 

?ystematic  name  of  the   plant,  the 

of  which  are  well  known  by  the  name  of 

'us  Ju'diens  seu  subera'sus,   Indian  Berrien, 

.   Indian   >'•■■  kb  i,  Coccus  In'di- 

«/ir  ofticina'rum,  Cuvci  orienta'les,  Grana 

L'oqtn   dit  Lt  vant,  C.  It  vant. 
«re  remarkable  for  their  inebriating  and 
tive  quality  to  fish.     The  deleterious  prin- 
ciple appears  to  reside  in   the   kernel,  and  in  the 
principle    called    Picrotox'ine.      Cocculus 

■  has  1 n  used  in  decoction  to  kill  vermin,  i 

at  times,  been  added  to  beer,  by  fraudu- 
lent tr  render  it  more  inebriating. 

3PBRMUM  liLAlCl'M,  M.  COCCulus — Ul.  Pal- 

matuui,  Caluraba, 

iisper'mum  Tuberculatum,  if.  Verruco'- 

c'euliiH  crispus.     A  Chinese  plant,  an  ex- 

of  which   is   tonic  to  the  sto- 

.   and    possesses  some    astrin- 

.  •")  to  10  grains. 

1   of  .Ueninper'mum   Cor- 
i— the  Go/ttncha,  of   Bengal. 

i  \i  Yerrucosum,  M.  tuberculatum. 
rOCRYPIIIA,  Amenorrhoea, 
MBNOLIPSIS,  see  Menses. 
MBNOPAUSIS,  see  Menses. 
•PHAXIA,  see  M 

•PLAX1  \.  Menstruation,  vicarious. 
•  ORRHAG"!  \,from/ii7i../ii7rof,  'a  month,' 
sly.'   Flow  of  the  m< 
1  nonymously  with 

•  trorrhagia,   or  for  im- 
moderate flow  of  the  menses— profuse  menstrua-  || 


tion.  Paramenia  super'//, m  seu  profit' ea,  if,  nor- 
rhag"ia  rubra,  Oatamenio'rum  Jluxu*  inmod'icu*, 
uaimmod'iea  sen  tuper'flua,  ifeuorrka'a. 

Menorrhagia,  Menstruation,  Metrorrba 
m.  Alba.  Leucorrhoea —  m.  Diffieilis,  Dysmenor- 
rheas—  m.  Brronea,  Menstruation,  erroneous — m. 
Stillatitia.  Dysmenorrhea*. 

MENORRHGS'A,  from  urjv,  urjios,  'a  month,' 
and   pew,   'I   How.'     The   ordinary   Bow   of   the 

menses.      Also,  too   long   continuing,  or  too  often 
returning,  menstruation.      Menorrhagia. 

MENOSCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhea*. 

MEXOSTASIA,  Amenorrhoea, 

MENOS'TASIS,  from  unv,  pnvoe,  'month,'  and 
aracn,  'stasis,'  ' .-tagnation.'  'J'his  word,  accord- 
ing to  some,  signifies  the  retention  of  the  menses 
and  their  accumulation  in  the  uterus.  According 
t Q  Others,  it  means  the  acute  pain  which,  in  some 
females,  precedes  each  appearance  of  the  D 
a  pain  which  has  been  presumed  to  proceed  from 
i lie  Btasis  of  blood  ill  the  capillary  vessels  of  the 
uterus. 

MENOXEN'IA,  Mcnoxeno'eia,  from  pip*,  fiijvos, 
'a  month,'  and  (n'oj,  'foreign.'  Irregular  men- 
struation. 

M  E X < >X E XOS IS.  Menoxenia. 

MENS,  Anima,  Intellect. 

MENSA,  Trap'eza,  'a  table.'  The  upper  su- 
perficial part  or  corona  of  the  jaw  teeth. 

MENSES,  (pi.  of  tncnaia,  «a  month;')  M.  ifu- 
lie'bres,  Mulie'bria,  Menes,  Flturiu  men'atruua  sen 
luna'n'a,  Pro'fluvium  mulie'bri  seu  genita'li  mulie- 
bre,  Oonauetu'do  menstrua,  Gatame'nia,  Men'etrua, 
I'miiu  'nia,  Tnbu'tum  lima' re  seu  meu'etruum,  Pur- 
gatio'nea,  P.  menstrua,  Qyueecei'a,  Aphedri'a, 
C arena  men'struNB,  flora-' a,  Luua'ria,  Ooureea, 
MenKtrual flux,  Monthly  courses  or  periods.  Flow- 
en,  '/'urns'.  Terms,  the  Reds,  Troubles,  (F.)  Moie, 
Rlglea,  Luna,  F/uettrs,  Affaires,  Epoques,  Ordi- 
nairea,  Purgations,  Fleura,  Menatruea.  The  san- 
guineous evacuation  from  the  uterus.  Sanguia 
menxtruus,  Meu'strual  Blood,  the  monthly  occur- 
rence of  which  constitutes  menstruation  or  month/// 
illness.  The  first  appearance  of  the  menses  — 
nit  a. ,pha' nia  —  is  usually  preceded  by  the  dis- 
charge of  a  fluid  whitish  matter  from  the  vagina  : 
by  nervous  excitement,  and  by  vague  pains  and 
heaviness  in  the  loins  and  thighs;  numbi 
the  limbs,  tumefaction  and  hardness  of  the 
breasts,  Ac.  More  or  less  indisposition  and  irri- 
tability also  precede  each  successive  recurrence 
of  the  menstrua/  flux.  In  temperate  climates, 
each  period,  men'atrual  period,  periodiia  luua'ria, 
ordinarily  continues  from  three  to  six  days;  and 
the  quantity  lost  varies  from  four  to  eighl  ounce-. 
The  menses  continue  to  flow  from  the  period  of 
puberty  till  the  .age  of  45  or  50.  At  the  term  of 
its  natural  cessation,  Menolip'aia,  Mf.iteapauaie 
(Gardanne),  Menopau'aie,  the  flux  becomes  irre- 
gular: and  this  irregularity  is  occasionally  ac- 
companied with  symptoms  of  dropsy,  glandular 
tumours.  4c.,  constituting  the  Paramenia 
tio'nix  of  Good,  and  what  is  called  the  critical 
time  or  turn  or  change  of  life;  yet  it  docs  not 
appear    that    the    mortality    is    increased    by    it. 

With  the  immediate  causes  of  menstruation  \\e 

are  unacquainted.  We  express  only  our  igno- 
rance, when  we  assert  it  to  depend  upon  period- 
icity; the  discharge  comes  from  the  vessels  of 
the  uterus  and  vagina,  and  differs  from  ordinary 
blood  by  its  peculiar  odour,  and  by  its  not  coagu- 
lating. It  is  evidently  connected  with  the 
dition  of  the  ovaries,  and  —  it  has  been  supposi  1 
—  with  the  periodical  discharge  of  OVS  from  them. 
It  is  arrested,  as  a  general  principle,  during  preg- 
nancy and  lactation.  In  warm  climate-,  women 
usually  begin  to  menstruate  early,  and  cea»C 
sooner  thau  in  the  temperate  regions.     Ihe  quail- 


MENSIUM   RETENTIO 


584 


MENTHA 


tity  lost  is  also  greater.     In  the  colder  regions,  ! 
the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general  rule. 

Dried  menstrual  blood,  especially  of  a  woman 
in  her  first  menstruation — Sanguis  vir'ginie  pri- 
mum  mensirua'ttz — was  formerly  given  internally 
as  an  anti-epileptic. 

Menses  Albi,  Leucorrhoea  —  m.  Anomalse, 
Paramenia  —  in.  Devii,    Menstruation,   vicarious 

—  m.  Dolorifici,  Dysmenorrhea  —  m.  Retention 
of  the,  see  Amenorrhcea — in.  Suppression  of  the, 
Amenorrhea. 

MENSIUM  RETENTIO,  see  Amenorrhcea. 
MENSTRUA,  Menses  —  m.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea 

—  in.  Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhea — m.  Dolorosa, 
Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Immodica,  Menorrhagia  — 
in.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

MENSTRUAL.  Catamenial— m.  Flux,  Menses 
— in.  Period,  see  Menses. 

MENSTRUANT,  Men'strnam,  Menstrua' tus, 
from  menstrua,  'the  catamenia.'  One  subject  to 
the  catamenia. 

MEN3TRUATI0  ANOMALA.  Paramenia  — 
in.  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhcea — m.  Dolorifica,  Dys- 
menorrhcea— m.  Impedita,  see  Amenorrhcea — m. 
Per  insolitas  Vias,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

Mexstritatio  Precox,  Premature  menstrua- 
tion. Menstruation  occurring  before  the  usual 
age  or  time. 

Menstrua'tio  Recidi'va.  Menstruation,  when 
protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Menstruatio  Retenta,  Amenorrhcea,  Para- 
menia— oa.  Suppressa,  Amenorrhcea,  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUA'TION,  Menstrua' tio,  Chronogyn'- 
en,  Menorrhag"ia,  Fluxus  menstrua' lis.  The  flow 
of  the  menses. 

MENSTRUA  TIOX  DIFFICILE,  Dysmenor- 
rhcea—  m.  Difficult,  Dysmenorrhcea  —  in.  Labo- 
rious, Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Premature,  Menstru- 
atio  praecox — m.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Menstruation,  Vica'rious,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Parame'uia  erro'ris,  Menorrhay" in  erro'- 
uea,  Mensium  per  alie'na  loca  excre'tio,  M.  de'vii, 
Aberra'tio  men' si um  seu  menstrno' rum,  Menstrua' - 
tin  per  insol'itas  rias,  HcRmatopla'nia  seu  Hcp,mo- 
pla'nia  menstrua' lis,  Menopla'nia,  (F. )  Deviation 
ties  Regies,  Regies  deviees.  At  times,  the  se- 
creted fluid  has  all  the  characters  of  the  men- 
strual secretion;  at  others,  it  appears  to  be  mere 
blood. 

MENSTRUA TUS,  Menstruant. 

MENSTR  UEL,  Catamenial. 

MENSTRUES,  Menses. 

MEX'STRUOUS,  Catamenial.  Also,  one  af- 
fected with  the  menses  or  catamenia. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Menstme.  Same  ety- 
mon : — the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually  con- 
tinued in  action  for  a  month.  The  monthly  dis- 
charge of  the  female.  The  plural,  menstrua,  is 
now,  however,  alwa)'s  used  for  the  menses.  The 
name  was  formerly  given  to  every  substance 
which  possesses  the  property  of  dissolving  others 
slowly  and  with  the  aid  of  heat.  At  present,  it 
is  used  synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus  — 
water,  alcohol,  ether,  acids,  oils,  &e.,  are  men- 
strua. 

Menstruum  Attri,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  m. 
Tentriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

MENSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A  measure  of  48 
ounces. 

MENSURATION,  Meta'tio,  from  mensura, 
'measure.'  Measurement,  Medical  meas'uriny. 
One  of  the  means  used  for  exploring  the  state  of 
the  thoracic  and  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a 
comparative  measurement  of  each  side  of  the 
chest,  by  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the 
median  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When 
effusion  exists  on  one  side,  the  measurement  is  II 
usually  greater  than  on  the  other.    When,  on  the  [| 


other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 
some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functions,  the 
corresponding  side  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  pleura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue,  and  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Mentha.  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Mentulagra,  Sycosis  —  m.  In- 
fantum, Porrigo  lupinosa. 

MEN'TAGRAPHYTE,  Men'tagrophyte,  Mi. 
cros'poron  mentayropli1 ytes,  from  mentayra,  and 
(pvrov,  'a  plant.'  A  name  proposed  by  M.  Grub)', 
of  Vienna,  for  a  cryptogamous  plant,  which  he 
considers  to  produce  mentagra. 

MENTAL,  Menta'lis,  from  mens,  mentis,  'mind;' 
belonging  or  relating  to  the  mind,  as  mental  phi- 
nom'ena,  mental  diseases  (Morbi  menta'les),  &o. 

In  Anatomy,  Mental,  Menta'lis,  (F.)  Mentan- 
nier,  signifies  that  which  relates  to  the  chin; 
from  mentnm,  'the  chin.' 

Mental  Ar'tery,  (F.)  Artere  mentonniere. 
This  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  dental,  and  issues 
at  the  mental  foramen  to  be  distributed  on  the 
lower  lip. 

Mental  Fora'men,  (F.)  Trou  mentonnier,  An- 
te'rior  maxillary  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite  the  second 
incisor,  or  the  canine  tooth,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Fossa,  see  Fossa,  mental. 

Mental  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  mentonnier,  is  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues  by 
the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in  nume- 
rous filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower  lip.     • 

Mental  Region,  Re'yio  menta'lis.  The  region 
of  the  chin. 

MENTHA  seu  MENTA  AQUAT'ICA,  (Ui 
yavQa,  uivQoq,  'mint.')  M.  pains' tris  seu  hirsu'tm 
seu  rotundifo'lia  palus'tris,  Menthas'trum,  8i*ymf 
brium  menthastrum,  Bal'samus  palus'tris,  ]Vater. 
mint,  (F.)  Menthe  aquatique,  M.  rouye.  Sat. 
Ord.  Labiata?.  This  is  less  agreeable  than  the 
Mentha  viridis,  and  more  bitter  and  pungent.  It 
is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Balsamea,  M.  piperita. 

Mentha  Capen'sis,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  possesses  the  medical  properties 
of  the  mints. 

Mentha  Cervi'na,  Hart's  pennyroyal,  Hyssop- 
leaved  mint,  Pule'yium  cervi'num,  (F.)  Jleutht 
cervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pennyroyal, 
but  is  very  unpleasant. 

Mentha  Citrata,  Melissa. 

Mentha  Crispa,  M.  hereyn'ica,  Colymhif'era 
minor,  Curled  Mint,  (F.)  Menthe  frissee  on  cre- 
pue,  Baume  d'ean  a  feuilles  ridees.  Possesses 
the  properties  of  peppermint. 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis  —  m.  Hercynica, 
M.  crispa  —  m.  Hirsuta.  M.  Aquatica  —  in.  Laevi- 
gata, M.  viridis — m.   Officinalis,  M.  piperita — r 
Palustris,  M.  Aquatica. 

Mentha  Piperi'ta,  M.  Piperi'tis  seu  offuina'- 
lis  seu  balsame'o,  Peppermint,  (F.)  Menthe  poi- 
vree.  The  odour  of  this  variety  is  strong  and 
agreeable.  Taste,  pungent,  aromatic,  and  pro- 
ducing a  sensation  of  coldness  in  the  mouth. 
Virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil  and  camphor. 
It  is  stomachic  and  carminative.  It  is  chiefly 
used  in  the  form  of  essential  oil — the  oleum  men- 
thep,  piperita. 

Essence  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol.  menthe 
pip.  ^ij,  sp.  vin.  recti/,  coloured  with  spinach 
leaves,  Oij.     See  Tinctura  olei  inentha?  piperita?. 

Mentha  Pule'gium,  Puleyium,  P.  reya'll  seu 
latifo'lium,  Glechon,  Pennyroyal,  Pudding  ytws, 
CProv.)  Hilwort,  Lurkey-dis'h,  Organ,  (F.)  /'«»- 
Hot.  The  oil — O'leum  pu/e'gii  —  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.     It  resembles  the  mints  iu 


M  E  X  T II A  S  T  R  U  M 


585       MERCURU   C AI.X  VITUIOEATA 


eneral  in  properties.     Amongst  the  vulgar,  it  is 
1    an     emmenagogue.       Aqi   \     P 
■  nifur  pufe'gii,  Pennyroyal   Water,  is  offi- 

inal  in  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin    Pharmaco- 

\,  Balsamitn  snaveolens,  Ta- 

-  imita —  in.  Rotundifolia   palustris, 

itica —  in.  Saracenica,  Balsamita  suaveo- 

nacetum  balsnmita — in.  Sativa,  M.  viridis 

M.  viridis. 

k'idis,  M.  S 

njiiva'ta    seu    l&riga'ta,   Spearmint, 

i    vcrte    ou    </<*  jardin8, 

Odour    strong,    aromatic; 

inn,  austere,  bitterish.     Virtues  the  same 

I   -rmint.     The  Oleum  mctithce 

-    ibt.iined  from  it. 

R,  M.  viridis. 
II  \>  I'll  I'M.  Mentha  aquatiea, 
THE   AQPATIQUE,  Mentha   aquatiea 
.   Mentha  cervina  —  hi.  Coq,  Tana- 
ita  —  m.  Cn'pue,    Mentha   erispa — 
ntha  erispa — m.  des  Jardins,  Men- 
tis—  m.   Poirrfe,    Mentha    piperita  —  m. 
.  P.ilsainita  suaveolens — m.  Rouge,  Men- 
itiea  —  hi.  Sauvage,  Mentha  viridis  —  m. 
i  viridis. 
IIEXTItJO.  Porrigo  larvalia,  Sycosis. 
JtEXTISME,  from  mens, mentis,  'mind.'    Any 
in  ivement  of  the  mind,   whether  from 
vivid  imagination. — Baumes. 

S'EUS,  Geniohyoides. 
vBIAL,  Mento-labia'lis,  from   men- 
chin.'  and  labium,   'a  lip.'      Under  this 
laussier  has  united  the   Levator  labii   in- 
Quadratus  muscles.     See  Depressor 
I  rioris. 

Labial  Furrow:  a  transverse  depres- 
n   the  lower  lip  and  the  chin, 
irkaltle  for  the  perpendicular  direc- 
ion  of  the  hairs  growing  upon  it. 
.  Mentum. 
TOSXIER,  Mental—?».  Labial,  Depres- 
inferioris. 

TOSS  IE  RE,  see  Funda. 
iTl'LA,    Penis —  in.   Muliebris,    Cercosis. 
?litnri- — in.  Parva,  Pipinna. 
MEX'TUL  ^GRA.  Men'tagra.    A  hybrid  word. 
penis,'  and  aypa,   "a  seizure.' 
tion  of  the  mentula  or  penis  : 
•  times  observed  in  eu- 
'     lendagra. 
KATES.  Membr 
KM,     >,■  ,■;■„,,,      Gnii'inn,     Anthe'reon, 
the  ci:.  ■    i.       [      •  interior  and  mid- 

le  part  of  the  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip. 
he  chin  is  formed  of  .-kin,  areolar  tissue,  mus- 
-.  and  tb"  os  maxillare  infe- 

V  VX'TIIES    TRIFOLTA'TA,    Menyan'- 

nyan'tlnH,  from  fin  v.  'a  month.'  and  avbos, 

in    flower   about   a 

i/it'linm  pa/ndo'sum  seu  aquat'icum 

-rii  fbri'nnm,    Water  trefoil,    ; 

Y . 

''.an    hi    >l.  x    Mantis    on   de   Castor.       The 

ly  bitter,  and  is  extracted  by  water. 

i<-.  anthelmintic,  diuretic,  cathartic,  nnd, 

tic.      In   some  countries,  it  is 

Rubntitute  for  Imps  in  making  1 r. 

IKS      Versa,      American      bnekbean, 
thamrock,   Bitter  root,  baa 

•   nh it' inns,     (F.)     Mtphitique  ; 
■  I.    signifying    Mo    blow,    to 
i   of  an   unwhole- 
rtyj  chiefly  applied  to  exhalations. 


Mrrnmc  ACID,  Carbonic  acid  —  in.  Air,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

MEPHITIS,  see  Mcphitism  —  m.  Hepatic*, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — m.  [nflammabilia,  Hy- 
drogen—  m.  Drinom,  Ammonia. 

MEPH'ITISM,  Mepkitiem'u;  (F.)  Mtpkitieme* 
Same  etymon.     Any  pernicious  exhalation 
phi'Ht  and     '  ?.)    ifofette  OU   Mou/ette, 

are  old  names  lor  azote  :  and.  in  general,  for  all 
exhalations  and  gases  that  are  unlit  for  respi- 
ration. 

MEB  KJUS,  Merus. 

MKKAM  tUROSIS,  Hypamaun 

MERANJSSTHE'SIS,  iferanetethe'eia,  from 
ftepos,  'a  part,'  av,  'privative,'  and  mcOijan,  'sen- 
sation.'    Insensibility  of  a  part  of  the  body. 

MERATROPH'IA,  from  ^p0i.  '■  part,'  and 
arpoQiu,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  of  some 
part  of  the  body. 

MERCURE,  Hydrargyrum — m.  Bichlorure  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.  Biiodun  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri  iodidum  rubrura — m.  Bromnree  rfe,  see  Bro- 
mine— in.  Oorallin,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydom — ■ 
m.  avee  la  Craie,  Hydrargyrum  cum  ereta —  m. 
Cm,  Hydrargyrum  —  in.  Cyanure  rfe,  Hydrargyri 
cyanaretam — m.  Deutiodure  rfe,  Hydrargyri  iodi- 
dum rnbrnm — m.  Deuto-chlorure  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias —  m.  Doiur,  Hydrargyri  submurias — ■ 
in.  Gfommenx  rfe  Plenck,  Syrupua  de  mereurio  me- 
diante  guinmi — m.  Bluriate  oxygini  rfe,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxymurias — m.  Oxide  rfe,  eendri,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum  eiiiereuni  —  m.  Oxide  grit  de,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydnm  einereum — m.  Oxide  nitrique 
de,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum  —  ///.  Oxide  noir 
de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  einereum  —  m.  Oxide 
rouge  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  rnbrnm — in.  Peri- 
iodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubruin — m.  Pro- 
tiodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  —  >».  Protnchlo- 
rurede,  Hydrargyri  snbmuriaa — m.  Protoxide  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  einereum  —  m.  Soiu-muriate 
i/.it,'.  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum  —  m. 
Soue-eulfaie  de,  Hydrargyrua  vitriolatua  —  m. 
Snlphure  dc,  noir,  Hydrargyri  Bnlph  ore  torn  ni- 
grum—  Bt.  Snlphure  de,  rouge,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum  nil. rum. 

MERGU'RIAL,  Mercuria'H*,  (F.)  Mereuriel ; 
from  mereuriue,  '  iiicn'iiry.'  That  which  contains 
or  relates  to  mercury.  A  preparation  of  mer- 
cury—  Hydrarg  (r'icum,  Hydrargyr'ium.  • 

BfBRCURlAL  ERKTHISM,  >ee  Erethism — m.  Rash, 
Eczema  mercnriale. 

MERCl  111  ALP  ANNUEL  J.  P..  Mercurialis— 
hi.  ■/■  i  ffoi», Mercurialis  perennia — //*.  rfe(  %»<  H,Mer- 
curiali-;  perennia — m.  Vivace,  Mercnrialia  perennia. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  Mereuria'lit  an'nua,  French 
hf, -cud/,  {]■'.)  Mercnriale  nnnuelle,  Foirole,  Ratn- 
berge,  Vignoble ;  'Vow.  E)io3cia;  Order,  Ennean- 
dria.  It  has  been  eateemed  cathartic,  hypnotic 
and  cosmetic,  and    has    been  chiefly  used  by  way 

of  lavement.     See  Chenopodinm  Bonne  Henricna. 

Mi:uct  in ai.is  Humor,  Humor  melanckol'inie. 
A  anppoeititiona  humour  with  the  older  phyai- 
eians,  OUt  of  which  they  presumed  that  morbi 
melanehol'ici  Ben  merenria'le*  arose. 

Merci  rialis  I'i  im  it* kis,  Oynocram'bi,  Cani'na 
>.  M.  monta'na,  .'/.  Sylvee'trie,  Dog' a  mer- 
cury, (F.)  Mercuriuh  vivace,  '/.  <U  chien,  M.  dee 
This    plant    :  I    of   :i<  ro-nareotio 

proper! 

MERCURI  M.I-MIS.  Hydrargyriaaia. 

MERCU'Rl  ILIST,  Mercurialis' ta,  from  mer- 
euriue, 'mercury.'  One  inordinately  addicted  to 
prescribing  mercury. 

MERCURIALIZ  \''I'I«»X.  Same  etymon.  The 
•  being  affected  by  mercury.  One  under 
the  influence  of  mercury  ia  said  to  be  mercu- 
rialized. 

MERCURU  CALX  VITRIOL  \T\.  Hydrar- 
gyrus  ritriolatua — m.  Deuto-ioduretum,  Hydrar- 


MEXSIUM   RETEXTIO 


584 


MENTHA 


tity  lost  is  also  greater.  In  the  colder  regions,  ,f 
the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general  rule. 

,  menstrual  blood,  especially  of  a  woman 
in  her  first  menstruation — Sanguis  vir'ginis  pri- 
tiiuni  menstrua'ta — was  formerly  given  internally 
as  an  anti-eplleptio. 

Menses  Albi,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Anomala?, 
Paramenia  —  tn.  Devii,    Menstruation,   vicarious 

—  m.  Dolorifici,  Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Retention 
of  the.  see  Amenorrhcea — m.  Suppression  of  the, 
Ainenorrhoea. 

MENSIUM  RETEXTIO,  see  Ainenorrhoea. 
MENSTRUA,  Menses  —  m.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea  ; 

—  m.  Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Dolorosa,  , 
Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Immodica,  Menorrhagia — I 
in.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

MENSTRUAL.  Catamenial — m.  Flux,  Menses 
— in.  Period,  see  Menses. 

MENSTRUANT,  Men'struans,  Menstrua' tus, 
from  menstrua,  'the  catamenia.'  One  subject  to 
the  catamenia. 

B I  E  X  S T  R  U  A  T 1 0   A X  0  M  ALA.   Para  m en ia  —  j 
m.  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhcea — m.  Dolorifica,  Dys- 
menorrhcea— m.  Impedita,  see  Amenorrhcea — m. 
Per  insolitas  Vias,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

Menstriatio  Precox,  Premature  menstrua- 
tion. Menstruation  occurring  before  the  usual 
age  or  time. 

Mbnstrua'tio  Recidi'va.  Menstruation,  when 
protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Menstruatio    Retenta,   Amenorrhcea,   Para-  j 
menia — m.  Suppressa,  Amenorrhcea,  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUA'TION,  Menstrua' tio,  Chronogyn'- 
en,  Menorrhay"  ia,  Fluxus  meustrua'lis.  The  flow 
of  the  menses. 

MENSTRUATION  DIFFICILE,  Dysmenor-  !| 
rhcea — m.  Difficult,  Dysmenorrhcea  —  in.  Labo-  \\ 
rious,  Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Premature,  Menstru- 
atio praecox — m.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Menstruation,  Vica'rious,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Parame'nia  erro'ris,  3fenorrhag"ia  erro'- 
itpn.  Mensium  per  alie'na  loca  excre'tio,  M.  de'vif, 
Aberra'tio  men'sium  sen  menstrno'rum,  Menstrua' - 
tio  per  insol'itas  vias,  Hczniatopla'nia  seu  Hazmo- 
pla'nia  menstrua' lis,  Menopla'nia,  (F. )  Deviation 
ties  Regies,  Reyfes  devices.  At  times,  the  se- 
creted fluid  has  all  the  characters  of  the  men- 
strual secretion;  at  others,  it  appears  to  be  mere 
blood. 

MENSTRUATUS,  Menstrnant 

MENSTR i 'EL,  Catamenial. 

MENSTRUES,  Menses. 

MEN'STRUOUS,  Catamenial.  Also,  one  af- 
fected with  the  meuses  or  catamenia. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Menstrue.  Same  ety-  ! 
mon  : — the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually  con- 
tinued in  action  for  a  month.  The  monthly  dis- 
charge  of  the  female.  The  plural,  menstrua,  is 
now,  however,  always  used  for  the  menses.  The 
name  was  formerly  given  to  every  substance 
•which  possesses  the  property  of  dissolving  others 
slowly  and  with  the  aid  of  heat.  At  present,  it 
is  used  synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus  — 
water,  alcohol,  ether,  acids,  oils,  4c,  are  men-  J 
strua. 

Menstruum  Aitri,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  m. 
Ventriculi.  Gastric  juice. 

MEXSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A  measure  of  4S 
ounces. 

MENSURATION",  Met  a' tio,  from  mensura, 
'measure.'  Measurement,  Medical  meas' wring.  \ 
One  of  the  means  used  for  exploring  the  state  of 
the  thoracic  and  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a 
comparative  measurement  of  each  side  of  the 
chest,  by  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the 
median  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When 
effusion  exists  on  one  side,  the  measurement  is 
usually  greater  than  on  the  other.    When,  on  the  | 


other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 
some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functions,  the 
corresponding  side  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  pleura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue,  aud  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Mentha.  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Mentulagra,  Sycosis  —  m.  In- 
fantum, Porrigo  lupinosa. 

MEN'TAGRAPHYTE,  Men'tagrophyte,  Mi- 
cros'poron  mentagroph'ytes,  from  mentagra,  and 
(pvrov,  'a  plant.'  A  name  proposed  by  M.  Gruby, 
of  Vienna,  for  a  cryptogamous  plant,  which  he 
considers  to  produce  mentagra. 

M  ENTAL,  Mental  in,  from  mens,  mentis,  '  mind  f 
belonging  or  relating  to  the  mind,  as  mental  phe- 
nom'ena,  mental  diseases  [Morli  menta'les),  &c. 

In  Anatomy,  Mental,  Menta'lis,  (F.)  Menton- 
nier, signifies  that  which  relates  to  the  chin; 
from  mention,  'the  chin.' 

Mental  Ar'tery,  (F.)  Artere  mentonniere. 
This  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  dental,  and  issues 
at  the  mental  foramen  to  be  distributed  on  the 
lower  lip. 

Mental  Fora'men.  (F.)  Trou  mentonnier,  An- 
terior mamillary  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite  the  second 
^incisor,  or  the  canine  tooth,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Fossa,  see  Fossa,  mental. 

Mental  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  mentonnier,  is  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues  by 
the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in  nume- 
rous filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower  lip. 

Mental  Region,  Re'yio  menta'lis.  The  region 
of  the  chin. 

MENTHA  seu  MENTA  AQUATTCA.  (utvBa, 
fiivdu,  fxtvdos,  'mint.')  M.  palus'tris  seu  hirsn'ta 
seu  rotund  if o'lia  palus'tris,  Menthas'trum,  Sisym- 
brium menthastruni,  Bal'samns  palus'tris,  Wafer- 
mint,  (F.)  Men  the  aquatique,  M.  ror.ye.  Nat, 
Ord.  Labiatse.  This  is  less  agreeable  than  the 
Mentha  viridis,  and  more  bitter  and  pungent.  It 
is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Balsam ea,  M.  piperita. 

Mentha  Capen'sis,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  possesses  the  medical  properties 
of  the  mints. 

Mentha  Cervi'na.  Hart's  pennyroyal.  Hyssop- 
leaved  7nint,  Pule'yiiun  cervi'num,  (F.)  Meuthe 
cervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pennyroyal, 
but  is  very  unpleasant. 

Mentha  Citrata,  Melissa. 

Mentha  Crista,  M.  hereyn'ica,  Col ymbi fern 
minor,  Curled  Mint,  (F.)  Jlenthe  frissSe  ou  cre- 
pue,  Baume  d'eau  a  feuilles  ridees.  Possesses 
the  properties  of  peppermint. 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis  —  m.  Hercynica, 
M.  crispa  —  m.  Hirsuta.  M.  Aquatica  —  in.  Laevi- 
gata. M.  viridis — m.  Officinalis,  M.  piperita — m. 
Palustris.  M.  Aquatica. 

Mentha  Piperi'ta,  M.  Piperi'tis  seu  ofiicina'- 
lis  seu  balsame'a,  Peppermint,  (F.)  Menthe  poi- 
vree.  The  odour  of  this  variety  is  strong  and 
agreeable.  Taste,  pungent,  aromatic,  and  pro- 
ducing a  sensation  of  coldness  in  the  mouth. 
Virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil  and  camphor. 
It  is  stomachic  and  carminative.  It  is  chiefly 
used  in  the  form  of  essential  oil — the  oleum  men- 
thai  piperita. 

Essence  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol.  menthai 
pip.  ^ij,  sp.  vin.  recti/,  coloured  with  spinach 
leaves,  Oij.      See  Tinctura  olei  inenlha?  piperita?. 

Mentha  Pele'cum.  Putegium,  P.  rega'll  seu 
latifo'lium,  Glechon,  Pennyroyal.  Pudding  grass, 
fProv.)  Hilwort,  Lurkey-dish,  Organ,  (F.)  Pou- 
lint.  The  oil — O'leum  pule'gii —  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.     It  resembles  the  mints  in 


MEXTIIASTRUM 


5  8 


MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA 


general  in  properties.  Amongst  the  vulvar,  it  is 
esteemed  an  emmenagogue.  Aqua  Pulegit, 
Aqua  Mentha  pule'gii,  Pennyroyal  Water,  is  offi- 
cinal in  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharmaco- 
poeias. 

Mentha  Romana,  Balsamita  suaveolens,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita  —  m.  Rotundifolia  palustris, 
M.  aqnatica —  m.  Saraceniea,  Balsamita  suaveo- 
lens, Tanacetum  balsamita — m.  Sativa,  M.  viridis 
— :n.  Spicata,  If.  viridis. 

Mentha  Vir'idib,"  M.  Sati*va  seu  nulga'ris  seu 
gent i' lis  seu  spica'ta  seu  Iceciaa'ta,  Spearmint, 
(¥.)  Menthe  sauvage  on  vcrte  ou  des  iardins, 
Banme  des  jar  dine.  Odour  strong,  aromatic; 
taste  warm,  austere,  bitterish.  Virtues  the  same 
as  those  of  the  peppermint.  The  Oleum  menthce 
viridis  is  obtained  from  it. 

Mentha  Vulgaris,  M.  viridis. 

MENTHASTRUM,  Mentha  aqnatica. 

MENTHE  AQUATIQUE,  Mentha  aqnatica 
—  m.  Cervine,  Mentha  cervina  —  m.  Coq,  Tana- 
cetum balsamita  —  m.  Cripue,  Mentha,  crispa  — 
j;/.  FrissSe,  Mentha  crispa — nt.  des  Jardine,  Men- 
tha viridis  —  m.  Poivree,  Mentha  piperita  —  m. 
Romaine,  Balsamita  suaveolens — m.  Bonge,  Men- 
tha aquatica  —  m.  Sauvage,  Mentha  viridis  —  m. 
)'■    ■  .  Mentha  viridis. 

MENTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis,  Sycosis. 

MENTISME,  from  wens,  mentis,  'mind.'  Any 
irregular  movement  of  the  mind,  whether  from 
emotion  or  a  vivid  imagination. — Baumes. 

MKXTOBICORXEUS,  Geniohyoides. 

MEXTO-LABIAL.  Mento-labia'lia,  from  men- 
t«m,  'tlie  chin.'  and  labium,  'a  lip.'  Under  this 
name  Chanssier  has  united  the  Levator  labii  in- 
ferioris,  and  Quadratus  muscles.  See  Depressor 
labii  ioferioris. 

Mento-Labial  Furrow:  a  transverse  depres- 
sion situate  between  the  lower  lip  and  the  chin, 
which  js  remarkable  for  the  perpendicular  direc- 
tion of  the  hairs  growing  upon  it. 

MENTON,  Mentnm. 

MENTONNIER,  Mental— m.  Labial,  Depres- 
sor labii  inferioris. 

MENTONNIERE,  see  Funda. 

MENTULA,  Peni< —  m.  Muliebris,  Cercosis, 
Clitoris — in.  Parva,  Pipinna. 

MEN'TULAGRA,  Men'tagra.  A  hybrid  word. 
from  mentula,  'the  penis,'  and  ayoa,  'a  seizure.' 
A  convulsive  erection  of  the  mentula  or  penis; 
such  as  is  said  to  be  sometimes  observed  in  eu- 
nuchs    Bee  Pudendagra, 

MENTULATUS,  Membrosus. 

MENTUM,  Genei'on,  Geni'itm,  Anthe'reon, 
'the  chin.'  (F.)  Menton.  The  inferior  and  mid- 
dle part  of  the  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip. 
The  chin  is  formed  of  skin,  areolar  tissue,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  nerves,  and  the  os  maxillare  infe- 
rius. 

MKXYAX'TIIES  TRTFOLTA'TA,  Menyan'- 
thes,  Minyan'thes,  from  \ir)v,  'a  month.'  and  avSoq, 
'a  flower,'  because  it  keeps  in  flower  about  a 
month  [?].  Trifo'linm  paludo'sum  seu  aqnat'icum 
seu  palna' t re  seu  fibri'nnm,  Water  trefoil,  Buck- 
hean,  Bngbean.  Nat.  Orti.  Gentianaceae.  (F.) 
d'eau  ou  des  Marais  ou  de  Castor.  The 
intensely  bitter,  ami  is  extracted  by  water. 
It  is  tonic,  anthelmintic,  diuretic,  cathartic,  and. 
in  large  doses,  emetic.  In  some  countries,  it  is 
Use  I  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  making  1 r. 

Mentah'thbs  Verna,  American  bitekbean. 
Marsh  trefoil,  Water  shamrock,  Hitter  root,  has 
similar  properties. 

MEOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MEPHIT'IC,  Mephit'ieus,  (F.)  MSphitique; 
from  a  Syriac  word,  signifying  'to  blow,  to 
breathe.'  Any  thin,'-  possessed  of  an  unwhole- 
some property;  chielly  applied  to  exhalations. 


MErniTic  Acid,  Carbonic  acid  —  m.  Air,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism  —  m.  Ilepatica, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — m.  Inflaininabilis,  Hy- 
drogen— in.  Urinosa.  Ammonia. 

MEPH'ITISM,  Mephitism' its,  (F.)  Mephitisme. 
Same  etymon.  Any  pernicious  exhalation.  J/*-- 
pht'tis  and  Mophe'ta,  (F.)  Mofette  on  Monfette, 
are  old  names  for  azote;  and,  in  general,  for  all 
exhalations  and  gases  that  are  unfit  for  respi- 
ration. 

MERACUS,  Merns. 

M E R  A M A l" R OS  1 S.  Hypamaurosis. 

MERANJESTHE'SIS,  Bferanasthe'sia,  from 
ucpo$,  'a  part,'  av,  'privative,'  and  aicOrjaig,  'sen- 
sation.'    Insensibility  of  a  part  of  the  bo.lv. 

MERATROPH'IA,  from  ytpos,  'a  part.'  and 
arpoQia,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  of  some 
part  of  the  body. 

ME B CURE,  Hydrargyrum — ?n.  Bicnlorure  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.  Biiodure  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum  rubrum — m.  Bromnres  de,  see  Bro- 
mine— m.  Corallin,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — ■ 
m.  avec  In  Craie,  Hydrargyrum  cum  creta  —  m. 
Cru,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Cyanure  de,  Hydrargyri 
c}-anuretum — m.  Deutiodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodi- 
dum rubrum — m.  Deuto-chlorure  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  //(.  Doux,  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
m.  Gommeux  de  Plenek,  Syrupus  de  mereurio  ine- 
diante  gummi — m.  Muriate  oxygene  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxymurias — m.  Oxide  de,  cendre.  Hydrar- 
gyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  gris  de,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  cinereum — m.  Oxide  nitrique 
de,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — -m.  Oxide  nuir 
de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide 
rouge  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  rubrum — m.  Peri- 
iodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidnm  rubrum — m.  Pro- 
tiodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum — m.  Protochlo- 
rure  de,  Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  Protoxide  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Sons. muriate 
de,  precipite,  Hydrargyrum  pra?cipitatum —  m. 
Soussulfate  de,  Hydra  rgyr  us  vitriolatus  —  m. 
Sulphur e  de,  noir,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretura  ni- 
grum—  m.  Sulphurs  de,  rouge,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum  rubrum. 

MERCU'RIAL,  Mercuria'lis,  (F.)  Mercuriel  ; 
from  mercurius,  'mercury.'  That  which  contains 
or  relates  to  mercury.  A  preparation  of  mer- 
cury— Hydrargyr'icum,  Hydrargyr'ium.  * 

Mercurial  Erethism,  see  Erethism — m.Rash, 
Eczema  mercnriale. 

MERCUR Li L E  A XXTELLE.  Mercurialis— 
m.  des  Z?o/«, Mercurialis  perennis — m.  rleChien.'Sler- 
curialis  perennis — m.  Vivace,  Mercurialis  perennis. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  Mercuria'lis  an'nua,  French 
mercury,  (F.)  Mercnriale  annnelle,  Foirole,  Ram- 
Lenje,  Vignohle  ;  Class,  Dioecia;  Order,  Ennean- 
dria.  It  has  been  esteemed  cathartic,  hypnotic 
and  cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  by  way 
of  lavement.     See  Chenopodium  Bonus  Henricus. 

Mercurialis  Humor,  Humor  melanchol'icus. 
A  supposititious  humour  with  the  older  physi- 
cians, out  of  which  they  presumed  that  morbi 
melanchol'ici  seu  merenria'les  arose. 

Mercurialis  Perex'xis.  Cynocram'be,  Cani'na 
bras'sica,  M.  monta'na,  M.  Sy  Ires' trie,  Dog's  mer- 
CUry,  (F.)  Mercnriale  virace,  M.  de  chien,  M.  des 
hois.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  acro-narcotio 
properties. 

MERCURIALISMUS,  Hvdrarirvriasis. 

MEKCU'RIALIST,  Mercurialis ta,  from  mer- 
curius, 'mercury.'  One  inordinately  addicted  to 
prescribing  mercury. 

MERCURIALIZA'TION.  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  affected  by  mercury.  One  under 
the  influence  of  mercury  is  said  to  be  mercu- 
rialized. 

MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA.  Hydrar- 
gyria vitriolatus — m.  Deuto-ioduretum,  Hydrur- 


M  E  3  E  It  A 


588 


MESPILUS 


which  form  it,  a  number  of  lymphatic  ganglions 
the  trunks  and  branches  of  the  mesenteric  ves 
sols  :  the  nervous  plexuses  accompanying  them 
and  many  lacteal?  and  lymphatics. 
MESERA,  Tutw. 
MESERJSUM,  Mesentery. 
MBSERAION,  Mesentery. 

ME'SIAL,  from  yaaoq,  'in  the  middle.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  middle. 

MkSIAL  Plane,  an  imaginary  plane,  dividing 
the  head.  neck,  and  trunk  into  similar  halves, 
towards  right  and  left.  Every  aspect  towards 
this  plane  is  mesial;  and  every  aspect  towards 
ri^htor  left  is  lateral ;  every  lateral  aspect  being 
deitral  or  sinistral.  $ 

M  ESI  A  MUM,  Aniceton. 

MESMER'IC,  Mesmer'icus ;  from  Anthony 
Mesuier,  the  great  promulgator  of  animal  magnet- 
ism. Relating  to  mesmerism  or  animal  magnet- 
ism : — as  the  'mesmeric  state,'  'mesmeric  sleep,' 
&c.  Ac. 

MESMERISM.  Magnetism,  animal. 
MESMERIST.     A  practiser  of,  or  believer  in, 
mesmerism. 

MESMERIZA'TION,  Magnetim'tiem.  The  act 
of  mesmerizing.  The  state  of  being  mesmerized. 
MESMERIZED,  Mfetmeriea'tHa,  Magnetized. 
Affected  with  mesmerism  or  animal  magnetism. 
When  the  person  is  in  a  state  of  '  magnetic  sleep,' 
he  is  sail  to  be  h>/p'notized. 

MES'MERIZER.  Animal  Mogneti'zer,  Jlaj- 
neti'zer.     One  who  practises  mesmerism. 

MESMERO-PHREXOLOGY,Phreno-magnet- 
ism. 

MESO.  fteffo;.  'in  the  middle.'  A  prefix  to 
certain  words. 

MESOBRE6MATE,  see  Cranium. 
MESOC-E'CUM.  (meso  and  caecum).     A  name 
given   to   a   duplicative   of  the   peritoneum,    (in 
some  persons  only.)  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
caecum. 

ME  SO  CEP  HALE,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
Varolii. 

MESOCHOX'DRIAC.  Jfesochondri'acus;  from 
,    mesa,  and  ^oic^og.  'cartilage.'     A  name  given  by 
Boerhaave  to    fleshy  fibres    situate  between  the 
cartilaginous  rings  of  the  trachea. 

MESOCOL'IC.  Memoco'lieuK.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  meso- 
colon. 

MESOCO'LOX.  Jfesoco'lum,  Mesenter'ium  eras- 
sum,  from  meso,  and  kuj\ov,  'the  colon.'  A  name 
given  to  the  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, 
which  fix  the  different  parts  of  the  colon  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  It  has  received  different 
names,  according  to  its  situation.  The  right 
lumbar  mesocolon  fixes  the  ascending  colon  to  the 
corresponding  lumbar  region.  The  transverse 
mesocolon  arises  from  the  concave  arch  of  the 
colon,  and  forms  a  septum  between  the  epigastric 
and  umbilical  regions.  Its  inferior  portion  is 
continuous  with  the  mesentery.  The  left  lumbar 
mesocolon,  which  contains  the  ascending  colon,  is 
continuous  below  with  the  P.inc  mesocolon.  The 
last  includes  between  its  layers  the  sigmoid  flex- 
ure of  the  colon,  and  ends  in  the  mesorectum. 
Under  the  right  kidney,  it  is  narrow  and  firm, 
and  fornrs  the  right  lij'ament  of  the  colon:  at  the 
under  end  of  the  left  kidney,  it  forms  the  left 
li<l'  ament  of  the  colon. 
'  MESOCRANIUM,  Sinciput. 
MKSOCRANUM.  Sinciput 
MESODERMUM.  Corpus  mucosum. 
MESODMK,  Mediastinum. 
MESODMI'TIS.  from  ,uccrofyi!7,  (fitcros,  'middle.' 
and  ^ofiQ?,  'a  building.')  'the  mediastinum.'  and 
t"fi»,  'inflammation.'  Mesotaschi'tis,  Jfediastini'tis, 
Indamma'tio  mediasti'ni.  Inflammation  of  the 
mediastinum. 


MESOEPIDID'YMIS,  from  pecos.  'middle,' 
and  E-iciivnii,  '  epididymis.'  A  double  serous 
fold,  like  the  mesocolon,  formed  by  the  tunica 
vaginalis  passing  from  the  body  of  the  epididy- 
mis, and  uniting  it  to  the  testicle. 

MESOGASTRIUM,  Umbilical  region. 
Mesogastricm  Mulleri.    A  portion  of  mesen- 
tery, which  passes  fmm  the  vertebral  column  to 
the  left  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossal 
MESOGLOTTUS,  Geniogloasns. 
If  ESOGOXIUM,  Internodium. 
MESOLO'BAR.       Belonging    or    relating    to 
the  Mttolobe  or  Corpus  callo'sum. 

Mesolobar  Arteries,  Arte'rice  mes^' 
A.  cor'poris  caUo'si  cer'ebri,  are  the  artei 
the  corpus  callosum. 

ME.<OLOBE,  Corpus  callosum. 
MESOMER'IA,    from    meso,    and    ntpos,    'tho 
\\  thigh.'     The  parts  of  the  body  situate  between 
li  the  thighs  and  hips. 

MESOMERION,  Perineum. 
MESOMPHALUM,  Umbilicus. 
MESOPHLEB'IUM,  from  meso,  and  < 
vein:'    Interve'nium.      The    space    between   two 
veins. 

MESOPFURYOX.  Glabell'a.  Gabel'la,  IntereiV. 
ium,  Meto'pium,   Xasnl  eminence,  from  meso,  and 
'  the  eyebrows.'      The  part  between  the 
evebrows. 
"  MESOPLEURIUM.  Intercostal  space. 
MFSOPLEFRIFS.  Intercostal. 
MESOR.EFM.  Mesentery. 
MESOR'CHIUM.  from  meso,  and  op^j?.  'a  tes- 
ticle.'    A  duplicative  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
supports  the  testicle  in  its  passage  from  the  abdo- 
men into  the  scrotum. — Peiler. 

MESORECTUM.  A  hybrid  word  :  from  me*o, 
and  rectum,  'the  intestine  rectum.'  A  triangular 
reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  tbe 
posterior  surface  of  the  rectum  and  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  sacrum.  Between  the  two  layers 
of  which  the  meso  rectum  is  composed  are  fonnd 
much  areolar  tissue,  and  the  termination  of  the 
inferior  mesenteric  vessels. 
MESOS.  Meso. 

MESOSCEOCELE.  Hernia,  perineal. 
ME-O-CELOX.  Perineum. 
MESOSCELOPHY'MA.  from  Mesoscelon,(meto, 
and  (TKt\o£,  'leg.')  'perinanim,'  and  <pvpa,  '  swel- 
ling.'    A  tumour  of  the  perinneum. 

MESOTH'EXAR,  from  utaos.  and  Swap,  'the 
thenar,'  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  A  muscle, 
which  carries  the  thumb  toward*  the  palm. 
Winslow  applied  the  terra  to  the  abductor  polli- 
cis.  united  to  the  deep-seated  portion  of  the  flexor 
brevis  pollicis. 

MESOTTCA.  from  utcog,  'middle.'     Diseases 
affecting  the  parenchyma.     Pravity  in  the  quan- 
tity or  quality  of  the  intermediate  or  connecting 
substance  of  organs  :  without  inflammation,  fever, 
or  other  derangement  of  the  general  health.    The 
first  Order,  clnss  Errritica  of  Good. 
ME-OTCECHTTTS.  Mesndmitis. 
MESOTCECHIUM,  Mediastinum. 
MESOT03C1IUM,  Mediastinum. 
MES'PILUS.  ifespilu*  Germon'ica  sen  dr>me«'- 
tica.      0>d.  Rosacea?.      The  medlar.    F. 
The   fruit    (F.)   Xe/fe.  and    seeds   of  the  medlar 
have  both  been  used  medicinally  : — the  immature 
fruit  as  an  astringent,  and  the  seeds  in  nephritic 
diseases.   See  Crataegus  Aria  and  Sorbns  acuparia. 
Mespilts  Aria.  Crataegus  aria — m.  Domestics, 
Mespilus.  Sorbus  domesrica — ra.  Germanicn.  Mes- 
pilus — m.  Intermedia.  Mespilus  oxyacantha — m. 
Laevigata.  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 

MeSPILTS    OxVACAN'tHA.    Jf.     O.ri/acantl 
seu  interme'dia  sen  Iceriya'ta.  Oxyacantha,  Spi>w 
>>  alba,     White    Haicthorn.    (F.)    Aubepine.       The 


Bower? 


MET  A 


589 


METAMORPIIOPSIA 


of  this    uncommon  European  plant  are 
tunes  used  in  infusion  as  a  pectoral. 

ill's    Oxvacastuoides,  Mespilus    oxya- 

.'    m0\    'with,'    't- 
.'  'change    of   form  and  place.'      A 
Hence  : 
\\\  ASrS,     Tran'siti  -.     M-  tab'ole,     tfeta- 
.     Metallax'i*,    from    ptra 
..  >>,  "  I  go,'    '  1     i  :•:   'a.'      A  change 
—  Hippocrates. 
METABOLE,  Metabasis,  Transformation. 
M  E  rABO  LEI  tbuMog"in;  from 

•■•.  (ni'tn,  ami  (ia\\u,)  'change,1  and  Aoyoj, 

-  ription.'       A    description    of  the   changes 
which  supervene  in  the  course  of  a  disease. 

:   VBOLIA,  Metal 

U.tahul'icu*,    from    /lem/JoX*. 
Appertaining  to   change  or  transfor- 
inaii    :.. 

lbol'ic  Force.      Vis  metabnl'ica.     A  term 

•■ployed   by  Schwann   for  the   power  pi  - 

by  living  cells  of  changing  the  character  of  the 

r  night  in  contact  with  them. 

METACARPAL,   .Vt7«cn»7>iVi'iiii«,  (F.)  Mfta- 

i.     From    ate/a,   and   Kuprrog,  •  wrist.'     Re- 

ng  to  the  metacarpus. 
ICARPAL  AitTl  uv,  .1  -te'ria  dursa'lis  meta- 
-   from  the  radial,  at  the   moment   it 
:   in  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ab- 
duct.r  indicis.     It  descends  obliquely  upon  the 
back  of  the  hand.      Its  branches  are  distributed 
abductor    indicis.  and    the    integuments: 
uninunicate  with  the  dorsalis  carpi. 
Metacarpal    Articcla'tioxs    are    those   by 
which  the  last  four  metacarpal  bones  are  united 
r  at  their  upper  extremity. 
Metacarpal  Boxes,  or  bones  which  compose 
tacarpus,  are  five  in   number;   and  distin- 
guished into  fi  it,  second,  third,   fee,  beginning 
the  outer  or  radial  side.     They  are  articu- 
y  their  superior  extremity  with  the  bones 
of  the  second  range  of  the  carpus;    and  by  the 
ith  the  first  phal 

lCARPAL  Lig'amknt,  [lift  'rior  palmar  Li g'- 
ament,  is  a  fibrous  band,  stretched  trans 
the  inferior  extremities    of    the    las 
.  which  it  keeps  in  their  i 
ns. 
LCARPAL    Phwlan'ges    are  the  first  pha- 
of  the  titiL'  -  ise    they 

culated  with  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 
vi:p\r.    Range    or    row   of   the    carpal 
ivarpiemie    dn    enrpe,    is 
•    r  row  of  carpal 

ire  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  meta- 
•  f  the  trapezium,  trape- 
,'num,  and  unciforme. 

ICARPEUS,  Abductor  metacarpi  minimi 
digiti. 

ME  TAC  I  RPIEX,  Metacarpal  —  m.  d  i 

linimi  digiti — m.du  Pouce,  Op- 

-  pollicis. 
METACARPION,  Metacarpus. 
METACARPO-PH  A  I.  \  X. ;  .Y.  OS    POLLICIS. 

ieis  manus. 
ACAR'PO-PHALAN'GTAN,   Metacarpo- 

tacarpo-phai'angal,  |  F.)  3/Sta- 
thaltmgien.      That    which    belongs    to   the 

-  and  phalai  a 
u  u-.i-o-l'n  vi.w.ii  w  ,,r  Mktacarpo-Ph  \- 
ire  formed  by  th 
of  the  metacarpus   and    the  corresponding  pha- 
articulations,  the  I 
i  with   cart' 

in  connexion  by  means 
I  two  lateral  ligara 


ME  TA  <  'ARPO-  /'//.I  I.  .1 NGIEN  I A  TERA  I 
8US-PALMAIRE,  KT  m£tACARPO-PHA- 
LANOIEN  LATERAL,  Interoseeus  manus. 

METACAR'PUS,  hub«  etymon  .is  Metacar- 
pal.    Metaear'pion,  Pottbraci  ■  'piun, 

Tornu  niniiiii,  (F.)  Mt'tiicaific.  The  part  of  the 
hand  compri.-ed  between  the  earpu>  and  fingers. 
It  is  composed  office  parallel  bones,  called  wuta- 
earpal;  forming  the  back  of  the  hand,  externally, 
and  the  palm  internally. 

MET  \<  EB  ^SM  \.  Ceraema. 

MBTACHEIRIXIS,  Surgery, 

METACHIRISIS,  Sort 

MBTACHIRISMUS,  Surgery, 

METACHORESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACIIYSIS,  Transfusion. 

MBTACINBMA,  Metastasis. 

METACINESIS,  Meta 

METACONDYLB,  see  Phalanx. 

MBTACYE'SIS,  from  niftu,  and  kvijuk;.  'prog- 
nancy  ;'  Oravid'iUiM  txtra-uttri'na  tecunda'ria. 
Kxtra-uterine  pregnancy  in  which  the  foetal  is  at 
first  in  the  uterus,  but  subsequently  in  some 
other  place. 

METADERMATO'SIS,  from  meta,  *na  Stpfta, 
'skin.'  A  morbid  development  of  the  epidermis 
or  epithelium. 

MET  IGEN'ESIS,  (F.)  Hetagfnlse,  AUern'aU 
Hon,  from  ftcra,  and  ytvtots,  'generation.' 
A  term,  proposed  by  Professor  Owen,  to  I  I 
the  ehanges  of  form,  which  one  animal  species 
undergoes  in  a  series  of  successively  produced 
individuals,  extending  from  the  one  developed 
from  the  ovum  to  that  which  becomes  the  imago 
or  Inst  perfected  individual.  This  term  he  em- 
ploys in  contradistinction  to  tnetamorphotit,  which 
he  restricts  to  the  changes  of  form  undergone  by 
one  and  the  same  individual.  See  Generation, 
alternate. 

METAL.  Metal'Ium.  From  ^TaWau,  'I  seek 
after.'  A  class  of  simple,  combustible  bodies; 
distinguished  from  others  by  considerable  specific 
gravity;  a  particular  splendour:  almost  total 
opacity:  insolubility  in  water:  and  the  property 
they  have  of  ringing  when  struck.  Metals  have 
no  effect,  except  of  a  mechanical  nature,  when 
taken  into  the  stomach  :  unless  they  hare  already 
undergone,  or  undergo  in  the  stomach,  oxidation 
or  union  with  an  acid;  when,  at  times,  delete- 
rious compounds  may  be  formed.  Copper  cents; 
half-pence;  quicksilver:  lead,  have  frequently 
•.allowed  in  the  metallic  state  with  im- 
punity. Tin  and  mercury  are  the  only  metals 
bed  for  a  mechanical  effect  :  the  former  as 
an  anthelmintic, — the  latter,  idly  enough,  in  eases 
of  fancied  intussusception. 

.METAL  DES  CLOCHES,  Bell-metal. 

METALLAGE,  Metabasis. 

METALLAXIS,  Metallage, 

METALLIC  VOICE,  Tintement  m&aUiqne. 

MBTALLODYN'IA,  from  arnAA**,  -a  metal.' 
and  viviTi,  'pain.'  Pain  owing  to  the  injurious 
influence  of  a  metal  —  as  lead,  quicksilver, 

METALLUM,   Metal  —  m.  Hasmat  poetieum, 

ferrum. 

M  KTA  MOB  PHOP'SIA,  Phanta*ma*otfi«% 
PhantasmatoKop'ia,   from  fjcrapopCo^,  (fum    and 
ttopQn,  '  form,')   'I   transform,   and   t^/t(,   'vision.' 
Saffii'nio,  8.  Oenlo'rum  sen   metamorphoj 
atvo'oVa,    Imagination    (Maitre-Jeai 

Murmur'  i/'/t',    Murmur'  >/■/! ,     Mm' id(/>     tintr    oc'ulo* 

volitan'tet,     Marau'gia,     Ocfuli    wtarmarygo'des, 

Yix'tn    phfilltax' niittilin,     VitUM    d< fujit  rn '■  <   ..      /',,      . 

tight,  ( ('.     /;       •.     Aberration  of  tl 
sii:ht,  which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary  ob- 
This  affection   sometimes   depends   on    a 
slight  opacity  in  the  transparent  partf 

the  cornea,  crystalline,  or  vitreous  humour,  when 


METAMORPHOSIS 


500 


METATHESIS 


it  is  symptomatic  and  of  no  consequence.  At  ' 
other  times,  it  appears  to  be  idiopathic;  and  oe- 
curs  particularly  in  those  who  have  been  in  the 
habit  of  constantly  fixing  their  eyes  on  very 
brilliant  or  small  bodies.  The  objects  fancied  to 
be  seen  are  various.  They  are  sometimes  circu-  I 
lar,  perpetually  moving;  or  shining,  or  black  spots, 
cobwebs,  insects,  or  pieces  of  wool — when  they 
are  often  termed  Muscat  seu  Fined  volitan'tes, 
(F.)  Munches  v<dantes,  and  the  condition  Vinti8 
ninsca'ritm,  Scotom'ata,  Suffn'sio  Myo'des,  Myio- 
deop'sia,  Myiodop'e&a,  Mi/ndeapsia,  Myodeso' pxt, 
Visits  musca'rum.  These  appea  ances  sometimes 
continue  for  a  few  days  ;  being  dependent  on  the 
state  of  the  nerves  of  the  individual  at  the  time: 
or  they  may  exist  for  life,  and  ultimately  impair  | 
the  sight.  Certain  of  them  change  their  position, 
and  appear  to  be  seated  in  the  humours  of  the 
eye,  and — it  has  been  supposed — in  the  vitreous 
humour  more  especially:  hence  the  term  ento- 
hy'aloid  mnscce  applied  to  them. 

If  the  affection  be  symptomatic,  it  is  of  but 
little  moment.  If  idiopathic,  and  connected  with 
any  excitement  of  the  brain,  which  is  not  often 
the  case,  attention  will  have  to  be  paid  to  that 
organ. 

METAMORPHOSIS,  see  Metagenesis. 
Metamorphosis  Yentriculi  Gelatiniformis, 
Gastmmalacia. 

METANGTSMOS,  Decantation. 
METAPEDTUM.  Metatarsus. 
METAPHRENON,  Dorsum. 
METAPHYTEIA,  Transplantatio. 
METAPODIUM,  Metatarsus. 
METAPOROPCE'A,      Metaporopoe'sis,      from 
tneta,  nopog,  'a  pore,'  and  vouiv,  'to  make.'     The 
change  produced  in  the  minute  pores,  in  the  ca- 
pillary extremities  of  v.essels, —  when   they  pass 
from  the  morbid  to  the  healthv  condition". — Galen. 
METAPTO'SIS.  Metaschematis'mus,  Metasche- 
mat'isis.       Mutation,     change  :    from     puTanmrw, 
(fjiTa,    and    t^ttm,    'I    fall,')    'I    digress.'      Any 
change  in  the  form  or  seat  of  a  disease.     Trans- 
formation. 

METARRHCE'A,  Metar'rhysis,  from  meta, 
and  p£o).  '  I  flow.'  Reflux.  The  transfer  of  a 
disease  from  without  to  within,  or  from  one  part 
to  another. 

METARRHYSTS.  Metarrhoea. 
METASOHEMATISTS.  Metaptosis. 
METASCHEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis. 
METASTASIS,  Sfetachore'sis,  Mctacine'ma. 
Metaeine'sis,  from  pediffrrjui,  (utra,  and  larvvi,  '  I 
place,')  '  I  change  place.'  Displace'ment,  Trans- 
lation. A  change  in  the  seat  of  a  disease;  at- 
tributed, by  the  Humorists,  to  the  translation  of 
the  morbific  matter  to  a  part  different  from  that 
which  it  had  previously  occupied:  and  by  the 
Solidists,  to  the  displacement  of  the  irritation. 
It  has  also  been  used  in  the  same  extensive  sense 
as  Metaptosis.  Disputes  have  often  been  in- 
dulged, whether  a  case  of  metastasis  ought  not 
rather  to  be  esteemed  one  of  extension  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  phenomena  of  gout  and  acute  rheu- 
matism are  in  favour  of  metastasis  occasionally 
supervening. 

Metastasis  Lactis,  Galactoplania,  Phlegma- 
tia  dolens. 

METASTATIC,  Metastat'icns,  (F.)  Mttasta- 
tiqne.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metastasis.  A 
metastatic  crista  is  one  produced  by  metastasis: — 
a  metastatic  affection,  one  caused  by  metastasis, 
&c.     See  Abscess,  metastatic. 

METASYN'CRTSIS.  from  metn.  and  avyicpivw, 
(vvy.  and  icpnw,  'I  choose,'  'I  judge.')  Recnm- 
]>r>xi"ti(»i.  A  word  employed  by  some  disciples 
of  Asclepiades.  This  physician  supposed,  that 
all  animals  are  formed  by  the  union  or  assem- 
blage of  atoms.     He  designated  all  bodies  by  the 


word    avyKpifiara,   which    signifies    'assemblage. 


.vyKpivtai 


to  be 


embled,'  was,  with  him-* 
synonymous  with  '  to  exist;'  and  diaicptveoSat,  'to 
separate,'  was,  with  him,  synonymous  with  'to 
dissolve,'  'to  cease  to  exist,'  The  word  Aletasuu. 
crisis  was  invented  to  express  the  recomposition 
of  bodies  after  their  momentary  dissolution. 
Some  have  rendered  the  word  by  the  Latin  lie. 
corpora'tio. 

METASYNCRIT'IC,  Metasyncrit'icus,  Recor- 
porati'vus.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metasyncri- 
sis.  A  name  formerly  given  to  medicines  to 
which  was  attributed  the  virtue  of  producing  the 
metasyn crisis  or  regeneration  of  the  body,  or 
some  of  its  parts. 

Metasyncrjtic  Cycle  meant  a  determinate 
series  of  remedies  employed  for  this  purpose. 

METATARSAL,  Metatar'seus,  (F.)  Metatar- 
sien.  Same  etymon  as  metatarsus.  Relating  or 
belonging  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Artery,  Artere  svs-metatarsienne 
of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the  Arteria  dorsa'lit 
Tarsi ;  passes  transversely  over  the  back  of  the 
foot;  and  furnishes,  at  its  convexity,  which  is 
anterior,  three  branches,  called  A.  interos'aea 
dorsa'les  Pedis.  These  branches  are  distributed 
in  the  interosseous  spaces. 

Metatarsal  Articula'ttons  are  those  result- 
ing from  the  junction  of  the  metatarsal  bones 
with  each  other.  They  are  strengthened,  behind, 
by  dorsal  and  plantar  ligaments  ;  and  before,  by 
a  transverse  metatarsal  ligament,  which  is  plantar, 
and  has  the  greatest  analogy  to  the  inferior  trans- 
verse metacarpal  ligament. 

Mktatarsal  Bones,  (F.)  Os  metatarsiens,  are 
five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by  their  num- 
ber;  first,  second,  third,  &c,  reckoning  from  the 
outer  side. 

Metatarsal  Phalanges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  toes:  so  called  because  they  are 
united  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Row — (F.)  Ranr/ee  metatarsienne 
—  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  is  the  second  row, 
or  that  contiguous  to  the  metatarsus;  compre- 
hending the  cuboides  and  three  cuneiform  bones 
some  add  the  scaphoides. 

METATARSEUS,  see  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

ME  TA  TA  RSIEX,  Meta tarsal. 

METATARSO-PHALAN  'GTAN,  Metatarsn 
phnlangin'nus,  Metatarso  -  phatangal.  Relating 
to  the  metatarsus  and  phalanges. 

Metatarso-Phalangtan  or  Metatarso-pha- 
langal  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metatarsus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. They  bear  the  greatest  analogy  to  the 
mctacarpo-phalangian  articulations. 

META  TARSO-PHALAXG1EX-LA  TERAL, 
see  Interossei  pedis  —  m.  Sous-phalangien  txins- 
versat  dit  premier  orteil,  Transversus  pedis. 

METATAR'SUS,  Metatar'sivm,  Mrtape'divm, 
Metapo'dium,  Prcpcor'dinm  seu  So'lvm  pedis, 
Vcsticfinm  pedis,  (F. )  Metatarse,  from  (lira, 
'  after,'  and  rapaoi.  '  the  tarsus.'  That  part  of  the 
foot  which  is  situate  between  the  tarsus  and  toes, 
corresponding  with  the  metacarpus.  It  is  com- 
posed of  five  parallel  bones:  one  to  each  toe. 
Like  the  metacarpal  bones,  they  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification. 

METATH'ESIS,  from  veran^^i,  (^rn,  arc 
Tidnpi,  'to  place,')  'I  change  place.'  Tran-yo- 
sit"io.  An  operation,  by  which  a  morbific  agent 
is  removed  from  one  place  to  another,  where  it 
may  produce  less  disturbance  in  the  exercise  of 
the  functions  : — as,  for  example,  in  the  operation 
of  depressing  cataract,  or  when  calculus  in  the 
urethra  is  pushed  back  into  the  bladder.  Also, 
Derivation. 


METATIO 


B91 


MK  Tit  A  D  x  B 


ME  r  VTIO.  Mensurati  m. 
METATOC'IA,  from  meta,  and  rove?,  'birth.' 
Parturition  in  a  preternatural  manner.     Preter- 
natural labour. 

Mi;  P  VTOPTOSTS,  Diadexis. 
METENSOM  PTOSIS,  [ncorpomtion. 

lORISMUS,  Sublimation,  Tympanites. 
fiOROL'OGY.    Meteomlog"ia,    from     ac- 

,  and  diwjjfuj,  '  I  lift  up,')  '  a  m 
tf,  'a  discourse.'     The  seienoe,  whose  ob- 
j-ct  U  a  knowledge  of  the  origin,  formation,  ap- 
.  of  meteors.     The  state  of  the  at- 
re    lias   a   most   important    bearing   upon 
the    health    of   animals,      livery   epidemic    affec- 
tion   has    its    causes    seated    there.      Meteorolo- 
gical eonditiona  have,  hence,  ever  been  attended 
t-i   bj    the    physician    for   the    purpose   of    de- 
character  of  any  particular 
epidemic  influence.    The  barometer,  thermometer, 
nod   hygrometer  are  the   instruments  used  with 
this  intent — to  detect,  as  well  the  varying  weight 
-ire.  and  the  temperature,  as  the  moisture. 
Perhaps,  of  the  three  conditions,  the  last  exert;;  , 
in  >re  influence  in  the  production  of  disease  than 
either  of  the  others.     Our  knowledge,  however, 
of  this  part  of  physics   is  extremely  limited  and 
unsatisfactory. 

M  E  I'LL,  pcrpov,  i  a  measure.'    A  suffix  to  words 
ienoting  'a  measure,'  as  in  Barometer,  Plexime- 

METH.     A  prefix  to  terms.    Same  signification 
a~  M 

.MKI'IIEM  \riIYMIA,  Transfusion. 
MKTll.K'M  \  TA:  from  meth,  and  'aiwk,  'blood.' 
i|  ■illary  or  intermediate  system  of  vessels  in 
which    the    blood   undergoes    the   change   from 
-    to  arterial,   and  conversely.  —  Marshall 
Hall.     See  Capillary  vessels. 
METHE,  Temulentia, 
METHEGLIN,  Melizoraum. 
METHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 
METHOD,    3Ieth'odue,    from    meth,    and    'oSog, 
'way.'      This  word   has   different  acceptations   in 
In     medicine,    curative    method, 
lite  meden'di,  is  the  methodical  treatment 
of  din 

vrivr;.  Method,  numerical — m. 
M  iriano's,  see  Lithotomy. 

MRTHOD,  NuMER'lCAL,  Method  of  Observation 
'onnting,  of  Louis,  .  F.)  Mfthode  numirique, 
-  in  observing  every  ease  and  every  Bymp- 
a  case  numerically,  so  as  to  ensure,  as  far 
iticable,  accuracy  <d'  observation;  and  to 
■Stable  us.  by  the  analysis  and  collation  of  such 
luce   general   laws  and   conclusions. 

•  le  application  of  numbers  to  the  study  of 

See  Statistics,  medical. 
METUODE  NUMERIQUE,  Method,  nume- 
rical, Statistics,  medical — ///.  Perturhatrice,  Per- 
ftnrbatrix   (Medicina)  —  m.    Stibio-dermique,   see 
ntum  antimonii. 
METHODICS,  Methodists, 
METHODIQUES,  Methodists. 

H'ODISTS,  Methodical  $eet,  Method' ice, 

.     Mithodiqnee.     Same     etymon. 

if  physicians  whose  doctrine  was  in  rogue 

that  of  the    Empirics  and   Dogmatists,  to- 

the  end  of  the  first  century.     According 

lists,  of  whom  Themison  was  the 

ilmnst  every  disease  is  dependent  on  eon- 

m    or   relaxation  —  strict  urn  or  laxntn.     To 

j,  they  added  a  third  —  mixed  or 

•<l — to  include  those  affections  which  par- 

f  the   two   characters.      The    doctrine,   vie- 

'  method'iea,  resembled,  in  some  respects, 

»wn. 

M  B  T  II  0  DOT/OGVi  MEDICA  L),  Hrthodo. 

•  Med* tea,  from  ptOoloi,  •  method.'  and  Xoyoj, 


arse.1      \  word  used,  by  the  French  more 
especially,  to  signify  method  applied  to  the  study 
of   any    Boienee.     Medical    Methodology, 
quently,  means  method  applied  to  the  study  of 
medicine. 

METHODUa  CATALEPTICA,  sec  Cataleptic 
—  m.  Celsiana,  see  Lithotomy  —  n.  Curatorio, 
Therapeutics. 

MiTHonua    Dbbiyato'rta.    The  derival 
revellent  system  of  treatment. 

METHODUa   K\mi:m  vi'ic  \  sen  EmmMf'l 

Endermie  —  m,    Prant iana,  sec   Lithotomy  — 

m.    Quytoniana,    see    Lithotomy  —  m.    Medendi, 

Method  of  cure,  Therapeutics. 

METHOMA'Nl  \.    from    ««ftr,    'drunkei 

and  fimiu,  'mania.'  An  irresistible  desire  for  in- 
toxicating substances,      Temulentia. 

METH  U,  Bee  Temulentia,  Wine. 

METHYLE,  HYDRATED  OXIDE  OF.  Spi- 
ritus  pyroxylieus. 

METHYLENE,  BIIIYDRATE  OF,  Spiritus 
pyroxvlicus. 

METHYSIS,  Temulentia. 

METHYSMUS.  Temulentia. 

METHYS'TICUS,  fi'in  mOn.  'drunkenness.' 
That  which  causes,  or  pertain-;  to,  drunkei 

METHYSTOPHYL'LUM  <;  I.  A  HTM. 
A  South  African  plant.  Nut.  Ord.  Amyridacess, 
an  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  pleasant  to  the 
taste, and  is  used  in  bronchitis, asthma,  and  other 
thoracic  diseases.  With  the  Bushmen  and  others, 
it  is  a  favourite  beverage,  and  is  called  by  them 
Boechjeematuthee,  'Bushman's  tea.'  It  is,  also, 
chewed. 

MENTIS,  Hybrid. 

METISSAGE,  Crossing. 

METODONTTASIS,  from  meta,  and  obovnaois, 
'dentition.'     Faulty  development  of  the  teeth. 

METOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 

METOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

METOPANTRAL'GIA,  from  fie™*™  {ptra, 
and  u>d/.  'the  eye')  'the  forehead,'  avrpov,  'a  ca- 
vity, '  and  aAyoj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  frontal 
Binuses. 

M  E  T  0  P  A  N  T  R  I'T  I S,  Inflamma'tio  ti'nuvm 
froMta'lium,  from  metopantra,  and  itie,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  frontal 
Binuses. 

METOPION,  Bubon  galbanum. 

METOPIUM.  Mesophryon. 

METOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

METOPON,  Front,  Frontal  bone. 

M  ETOPOS'COPY,Jfe*o»o«cop'ta,froni  ptrunov, 
(pcra,  and  w\L,  'the  eye,')  'the  forehead,'  and 
oKonetv,  'to  view.'  The  art  of  knowing  the  tem- 
perament and  character  of  a  person  by  inspect- 
ing the  traits  of  his  forehead  or  face.  Sec  Phy- 
siognomy. 

METRA,  nvrpa,  Uterus. 

METTLE.  Se, -undines. 

mi;ti;.i:m<>i:imi  \<;ia,  Metrorrhagia. 

MBTRJEMORRHOUDES,  from  metro,  and 
'atfioppoihi,  'hemorrhoids.'  Hemorrhoids  or  va- 
rieose  veins  at  tlie  orifice  of  the  uterus. 

METRAL'Gl  \,  Metrodyn/ia,  from  metro,  and 
a\yos,  '  pain.'      Bain  in  the  uterus. 

METRANjE'MIA,  from  metra,  and  tmmmia. 
An  aniemic  condition  of  the  uterus. 

METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the. 

METR  ANEURYSM  US,  Metrenryraa. 

METRATRE'SIA,  Tmperfor/t'tio  u'teri,  from 
iH'tnt,  and  iiTiitiaiu,  '  imjierloratioi).'  An  unnatu- 
ral closure  of  the  uterus. 

M  BTB  ATROPH'IA,  from  metra,  a, '  privative.' 
and  rpoQri,  'nourishment.'  Atrophy  or  want  of 
development  of  the  uterus. 

MKTL  A  I  WE.     Wypertroph'im    seu     Sarco'eie 


METRECTASIA 


592 


METRORRHAGIA 


u'teri,  from  metra,  and  avfr,  '  increase.'  Hyper- 
trophy of  the  uterus. 

METRECTASIA,  from  metra,  and  cKraois,  '  di- 
latation.'    Dilatation  of  the  womb. 

METRELCO'SIS,  Metrhelco'ais,  from  metra, 
and  'eAkoj,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

METREMPHRAX'IS,  from  metra,  and 
tft^paceaw,  '  I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the  womb 
or  of  the  vessels  of  the  womb  —  Infare'tua  u'teri. 
A  name  under  which  some  authors  have  con- 
founded chronic  inflammation  of  that  viscus,  and 
the  different  degenerations  to  which  it  is  exposed. 

METREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

METREN'CIIYTA,  Metren'chytes,  from  metra, 
and  £y^uw,  'I  inject.'  Injection  of  the  uterus. 
Substances  injected  into  the  uterus  are  called 
Metreri 'chyta. 

METREURYS'MA,  Metraneurya'mw,  from 
metra,  and  ivpvs,  '  dilated.'  A  morbid  dilatation 
of  the  womb. 

METRHELCOSIS,  Metrelcosis. 

METRHYMENITIS,  see  Metritis. 

METRIOPATHI'A,  from  perpiog,  'tempered,' 
and  n-rt^-oj,  '  affection.'  State  of  an  individual 
whose  passions  are  temperate. 

METRI'TIS,  from  metra,  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Febris  uteri' na,  Hysteri'tis,  Em- 
prea'ma  Hysteri'tis,  Inflamma'tio  U'teri,  Metro- 
pklogo'sia,  Inflammation  of  the  Uterus  or  Womb, 
(F.)  Inflammation  de  la  matrice.  The  charac- 
teristic symptoms  of  this  affection  are:  —  pain, 
swelling,  and  tenderness  in  the  hypogastric  re- 
gion ;  with  heat,  pain,  and  tenderness  of  the  os 
uteri ;  vomiting,  smallness,  and  frequency  of 
pulse.  It  occurs  most  frequently  after  delivery, 
Lochometri'tis,  when  there  is  generally  suppres- 
sion of  the  lochial  discharge.  The  treatment 
must  be  vigorous, — bleeding  early,  so  as  to  make 
a  decided  impression  ;  followed  by  a  full  dose  of 
opium,  fomentations,  blisters,  &c. 

Acute  inflammation  of  the  womb,  seated  in  its 
internal  membrane, Endo-metri't is, Met rhymeni't is, 
Enmetri'tis,  has  been  called  Inflamma'tio  catar- 
rha'lis  u'teri  or  Acute  catarrh,  (F.)  Catarrke 
aigu,  of  that  viscus.  It  is  known  by  the  dis- 
charge of  a  clear,  stringy  fluid  per  vaginam  ;  pre- 
ceded by  pains,  which,  from  the  hypogastric 
region,  shoot  to  the  thighs,  groins,  <fcc,  with 
more  or  less  fever.  It  requires  the  antiphlogistic 
treatment.  Chronic,  metritis  sometimes  succeeds 
the  acute.  To  it  must  be  referred  the  indura- 
tions, observed  in  the  uterus,  and  many  of  the 
leucorrheal  discharges  to  which  females  are 
subject. 

Metritis  Rheubtatica,  Metrorrheuma —  m. 
Beptica,  Metrocace — in.  Venosa,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROBLEXXORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROBLENNOZEMIA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROBOTRYTES,  Cauliflower  excrescence 
of  the  uterus. 

METROCACE,  Mctri'tis  sep'tica,  from  metra, 
and  kclkos,  'evil.'  Putrescency  or  gangrene  of 
the  uterus. 

METROCAMPSIS,  Tlysteroloxia. 

METROCARCIXO'MA,  Hysterocarcino'ma, 
U'teri  carcino'ma,  Cancer  u'teri,  from  metra,  and 
KapKivuy.a,  'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  uterus. 

METROCATARRHUS,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROCELE,  Hvsterocele. 

METROCELIDES,  Naevus. 

METROCIIOLO'SIS,  from  metra,  and  x°*°s> 
'bile.'      Fehris  puerpera'lis  bilio'sa. 

M BTR 0 D Y X I A,  Metra  lgia. 

METROH/E'MIA.  Hypermetrohemie,  from  me- 
tra, and  raiua,  'blood.'  Hyperemia  or  conges- 
tion of  blond  in  the  uterus. 

METROHEMORRHAGE,  Metrorrhagia. 

METROLEUCORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROLOXIA,  Hvsteroloxia. 


METROMALACOMA.  Hysteromalacia. 
METROMALACOSIS,  llvsteromalacia. 
METROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 
METROMY'ZEUS,  from  metra,  and  rfm,  <I 

suck.'  An  exhausting  syringe,  to  be  applied  to 
the  os  uteri,  for  exhausting  the  womb  in  cases  of 
amenorrhoea. 

METRONCUS,  Ilvsteroncus. 

METROPARALYSIS,  from  metra,  and  napa- 
hvois,  'paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  uterus. 

METROPATHIA,  from  metra,  and  ita6os,  'af- 
fection.'    An  affection  of  the  womb. 

ME TR  0- PER  IT 0X1 TE  P  UERPERA L E, 
see  Peritonitis. 

METROPERITOXI'TIS,  from  metra,  and 
'peritonitis.'  Inflamma'tio  u'teri  et  peritonei. 
Inflammation  of  the  uterus  and  peritoneum. 
Puerperal  Fever.     See  Peritonitis. 

METROPHLEBITIS,  from  metra,  tftety,  'a 
vein,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  veins  of  the  uterus. 

Metrophlebitis  Puerperalts,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROPIILOGOSIS,  Metritis. 

METROPHTHI'SIS,  Phthi'sis  uteri' na,  from 
metra,  and  </>0iw,  'I  consume.'  Consumption  from 
ulceration  of  the  uterus — Ul'cera  seu  Helco'sia 
u'teri. 

METROPHYMA,  Hysteroncus. 

METROPLETHO'RA,  Metryperemia,  from 
metra,  and  xXriQupa,  'fulness.'  Congestion  or  hy- 
peremia of  the  uterus. 

METROPOL'YPUS,  Hys'tero-pol'ypus,  Poly- 
jms  U'teri,  from  metra,  and  polypus.  Polypus 
of  the  uterus. 

METROPROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METROPTOSIS.  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METRORRHAGIA,  Metrcemorrhag"ia,  H<z- 
morrhagia  uteri'na  seu  u'teri,  Sanguiflnx'us  nte- 
ri'nus,  Sau'guinis  stillicid'ium  ab  U'tero,  Fluor 
utevi'ni  san'gninis,  Proflu'vium  San'gninis  ex  u'te- 
ro, Hysterorrhag"ia  sanguin'ea,  Hysterorrhoe'a, 
Hcemorrhoe'a  uteri'na  (of  some),  Menorrhng" ia 
(of  some),  Hatmatome'tra,  Hematoma 'tra.  Uterine 
Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhage  from  the  Womb,  Metro- 
hemorrhage,  (F.)  Hemorrhagic  de  la  Matrice, 
Pertes,  Pertes  uterines  rouges,  P.  de  sang  ;  from 
metra,  and  prjywui,  'I  break  forth.'  An  effusion 
of  blood  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus, 
either  at  the  menstrual  or  other  periods;  but  in 
a  greater  quantity  than  proper.  Uterine  hemor- 
rhage may  be  caused  by  those  influences  which 
produce  hemorrhage  in  general.  It  happens, 
however,  more  frequently  during  pregnancy,  and 
during  or  after  delivery,  when  the  vascular  sys-  ' 
tern  of  the  uterus  is  so  circumstanced  as  to  fa- 
vour its  occurrence  more  than  at  other  periods. 
The  termination  of  metrorrhagia  is  usualty  fa- 
vourable. Should  it,  however,  be  verj"  copious, 
or  frequently  recur;  or  should  it  happen  to  a 
great  extent  after  delivery,  death  may  take  place 
very  speedily  ;  and,  in  some  cases,  wihout  the  dis- 
charge being  perceptible;  constituting  internal 
hemorrhage. 

Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  active  or  passive; 
requiring  obviously  a  different  treatment.  The 
main  management  is  similar  to  that  of  hemor- 
rhage in  general; — the  horizontal  posture:  acid 
drinks;  free  admission  of  cool  air;  cold  applica- 
tions to  the  loins,  thighs,  and  abdomen;  injection 
of  cold  water,  even  of  iced  water,  into  the  vagina  ; 
plugging  the  vagina,  so  as  to  prevent  the  dis- 
charge per  vaginam,  and  thus  induce  a  coagulum 
in  the  mouths  of  the  bleeding  vessels.  Such  will 
be  the  special  plan  adopted  where  the  hemorrhage 
has  occurred  in  one  not  recently  delivered.  In 
uterine  hemorrhage  after  deliver}',  the  same  cool- 
ing plan  must  be  followed  ;  but,  as  the  flow  of 
blood  is  owing  to  the  uterus  not  contracting  so 


METRORRIIEUMA 


5  0.°, 


MICROTODIA 


as   to   cnnstrinsre    Us   vei  ire    must    be 

ma  le  "ii  the  abdomen  to  aid  this  j  and,  it 
pary,  the  h:m«l  mast  be  introduced  into  the  uterus 
to  stimulate  it  to  contraction.    Should  the  Female 

ssively  reduced,  so  aa  to  render  the  • 
cheiir  apprehensive  that  she  may  expire  from  lose  ' 

of  1)1 1.  brandy  may  be  exhibited.     The  profase 

exhibition  of  opium  in  such  cases   is,  at  least,  a 
doubtful  plan. 

Transfusion  has,  at  times,  been  practised  as  a 

tire.'. 

MBTRORRHEU'MA,    RheHmatie'mne    Uteri, 

■■"'ji<i  rheumat'ica  seu  catarrha'lie,  Metri'- 
tin  rheumat'ica,  (F.)  Rkumatieme  de  Putfrue; 
from  metra,  and  ptv/ia,  'defluxion,'  'rheumatism.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  uterus. 
METRORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 
METRORRHCB'A,  from  metra,  and  peu,  'I 
flow.'  A  protracted  discharge  of  any  fluid  from 
the  ii' 

METROSALPINX,  Tube.  Fallopian. 
METROSCIRRHUS,    Hytteroecir'rhm,    Scir- 
rhn<  seu  Carcino'ma  u'teri,  from  metra,  and  okio- 
puj.  'scirrhus.'     Scirrhua  of  the  uterus. 
METROSCOLIOMA.  Hysteroloxia, 
MET'ROSCOPE,    if etroteop' turn,  from    metra, 
and  vkowci*,   'to  view.'     An   instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Naucbe.  for  Listening  to  the  sounds  of  the 
heart  of  the  foetus,  in  utero-gestation,  when  the 
sounds  and  movements  arc  imperceptible  through 
the  parietes  of  the  abdomen.     The  extremity  of 
the   instrument  —  the  first  notion  of  which  was 
given  to  M.  Naucbe  by  the  stethoscope  of  Laen- 
nec  —  is  introduced  into  the  vagina  and  applied 
against  the  neck  of  the  uterus. 
METROSIDEROS  GUMMIFERA,  see  Kino. 
METROSTERE'SIS,  from  metra,  and  ercprnrtt. 
'privation.'     Extirpation    of   the   uterus.     Want 
of  uterus. 

M  ETROSYNIZE'SIS,   Hytteroeynite'eie,  from 
metra,  and  Gvvityieis,  'running  together.'     Morbid 
union  of  the  uterus  to  adjacent  parts. 
ME  TRO  TOME,  Hysterotomy. 
METROTOMIA,  Cassarean  section. 
METRYPEREMIA,  Metroplethora, 
METRYPERESTHESIS,see  Uterus, irritable. 
MEU,  ASthusa  meura. 
ME  UL  IE  RE,  Molar. 

MEUM,  ASthusa  meum  —  m.  Anethifolium, 
AUthusa  meum  —  ra.  Athamanticum,  JEthusa 
meum. 

MEURTRISSURE,  Contusion. 
MEVIUM,  Syphilis. 
MEZEA,  Genital  organs. 
MEZEREON,  Daphne  mezereum. 
MEZEREUM  ACETATUM,  see  Daphne  me- 
nrenm. 

MIAMMA,  Miasma. 
MIANSIS,  Miasma. 
MI  ARIA,  Miasma. 

MIAS'MA,  M<>inmf  fiiaafia,  'a  stain,'  from  piai- 
vw.  '  T  contaminate.'  Miam'ma,  Mian'eie,  Mia'ria, 
\u»,  Inquinamen'tum,  Molyn'eie,  Conta'gium. 
The  word  miaem  has,  by  some,  been  employed 
synonymously  with  contagion.  It  is  now  used 
more  definitely  for  any  emanation,  either  from 
the  bodies  of  the  sick,  or  from  animal  and  vege- 
table substances,  or  from  the  earth,  especially  in 
awshy  districts,  (Mareh  poison,  Efflu'vium  pa- 
lut'trc.  Oat  paint' tri,  (P.)  Intoxication  dee  Ma- 
rai*,)  which  may  exert  a  morbid  influence  on 
who  are  exposed  to  its  action.  To  these 
Jtrial  emanations — the  Koi  no-mi  at' mata  of 
Dr.  B.  Miller,  of  New  York  —  the  Italians  give 
the  name  aria  cattiwa,  but.  more  commonly,  nm- 
Inrin  (-bail  air');  a  word  which  has  been  Adopted 
-into  other  languages.  The  deleterious  effluvia, 
originating  from  the  decomposition  of  matter  de- 


rived  from  the  human  body,  have  been  called  by 
Dr.  Miller,  Idiomiat'mata ;  the  ep: 
and  lefio  being  derived  respectively  from  ee*vot, 
•  common, '  and  lAiac,  'personal.'  Of  the  miasms 
which  arise  either  from  the  animal  body  or  from 
the  most  unhealthy  situations,  we  know,  chemi- 
cally, nothing.  All  that  we  do  know  is.  that, 
under  such  circumstances,  emanations  take  place, 
capable  of  causing  disease  in  many  of  those  who 
are  exposed  to  their  action. 

MIASM  LT'IC,  Miaemat'icut.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  miasmata.  Sauvagee,  in  his  classifi- 
cation of  diseases  according  to  their  etiology,  ha* 
-  under  the  name  Morbi  miaemat'iei.  A 
fever  that  arises  from  marshy  miasms,  is  styled 
mala'riout,  pain' da  I,  Helop'yra,  HelopyiJet 

MTASMUS,  Miasma, 

MIAULANTES,  see  Convnleionnaire, 

MICE  PANIS,  Bee  Triticum. 

MICATIO  CORDIS.  Systole. 

MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Ckampaea,  Mi. 
ehelia  Ttjampaca.  Ord.  MagnoliacesB.  An  Ori- 
ental tree,  much  prized  for  the  odour  and  beauty 
of  its  flowers.  The  oily  infusion  of  the  flowers 
is  employed  in  the  Moluccas  in  headache. 

MICLETA.  A  medicine  used  by  Mesne  for 
arresting  hemorrhage;  perhaps,  according  to 
Siebenhaar,  from  the  Arabic,  michnata,  "proved 
by  experience." 

MICOSIS,  Framboesia, 

MICRANATOMIA,  see  Anatomy. 

MICRANGIA,  Capillary  vessels. 

MTCRENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 

MICRENCEPH  iLON,  Cretinism. 

M  ICRENCEPHA  L I'M,  Cerebellum. 

MICROCEPHALIA,  see  Microeephalus. 

MICROCEPH'ALUS,  Mikroeeph'alue,  Micro- 
era'mue,  from  mieroe,  and  kcQoXt},  'head.'  One 
who  has  a  small  head.  A  monster  having  a 
small  imperfect  head,  or  a  small  imperfect  cra- 
nium. The  condition  is  called  Microcephalia, 
Oranioeteno'eie.     With  some  it  means  Idiotism. 

MICROCORIA,  Myosie. 

MI'CROCOSM,  Microeoe'mue,  from  micros,  and 
Koafioq,  'world.'  A  little  world.  Some  philoso- 
phers have  given  this  appellation  to  man.  whom 
they  consider  as  the  epitome  of  'all  that  is  ad- 
mirable in  the  world.  The  world  they  call  Ma'. 
crocoam. 

MIOROOOSMETOR.  Vital  principle. 

MICROCOSM'ICA  MACHI'NA.  The  organ- 
ism of  man. 

MlCROCOSHICA  SCTKNTIA,  Physiology. 

M1CROCO8MICDM  Sal,  with  the  ancients  meant 
the  salts  of  the  urine. — Sal  mi'nm* 

MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA,  Physiology. 

MICROCOUST'IC,  Mieroeue'ti cue, from  micro*, 
and  aKovw,  'I  hear.'  This  word,  as  well  as  Mi- 
eropk'onoue, from  fitx^oi;,  ' small,' and  0wv^,  'voice,' 
means  any  thing  that  contributes  to  increase  the 
intensity  of  sound — as  the  speaking  trumpet — by 
collecting  the  sonorous  rays. 

MICROCRANIUS,  Microeephalus. 

MICROGLOSSIA,  from  mieroe,  and  yXwo-ci, 
'tongue.'    Original  smallness  of  tongue. 

MICROLBUCONYMPH .EA,  Nymphsaa  alba. 

MICROLOOY.  see  Microscopy. 

MICROM'ELUS,  Hemim'elee,  from  micron,  and 
/jfAof,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  having  imperfectly 
developed  extremities. 

MICROMM ATI'S.  Microphthalmos. 

MICROPHONOUS,  Microeoustic. 

MICROPHTHAL'MUS,    Micr+m'matut,   from 

.  and  o<p$aXpo<;,  'eye.'      One  who  has  small 

A  monster  with    two  small,  or  imperfectly 

developed  eyes.     A  small  eye, —  OphtkaltnioVium, 

Ophthal'minm.  » 

MICROPODIA,  Micropaa. 


MICROPROSOPUS 


5  94 


MILK 


MICROPROSO'PUS,  Aproso'pns,  from  micros, 
and  itpoouvov,  'face.'  A  monster  in  which  a  part 
of  the  face  is  absent. 

MI'CROPUS,  from  micros,  and  izovg,  'font.' 
One  who  has  small  feet.  The  condition  is  called 
Micropod'in. 

MFCROPYLB,  Microp'ylum,  from  m icros,  and 
w\r),  'gate.'  An  opening  in  the  episperm  of 
seeds,  through  which  the  fecundating  pollen  en- 
ters the  ovule  to  fecundate  it.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed, that  such  a  micropyle  exists  in  the  human 
ovule. 

MICROR'CHIDES,  from  micros,  and  o^t?,  'a 
testicle.'     They  who  have  very  small  testicles. 

MICROS,  pucpos,  'little,'  as  in 

MI'CROSCOPY,  Microacop'ium;  from  micros, 
and  ckottt],  'a  view.'  Observation  by  the  micro- 
scope; an  important  agency  in  the  examination 
of  the  healthy  and  morbid  tissues.  A  description 
of  the  results  of  such  observation  is  Microg'ra- 
phy.  Micrology  is  often  used  with  the  same  sig- 
nification, and  for  a  treatise  on  the  -microscope 
and  the  results  of  microscopy. 

MICROSOMIA,  Nanosomia. 

MICROSPHYC'TUS.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.     One  who  has  a  small  pulse. 

MICROSPHYXIA,  from  micros,  and  otyvynos, 
' pulse.'     Smallness  or  weakness  of  pulse. 

MICROSPORON  AUDOUINI,  see  Porrigo 
decalvans — m.  Furfur,  see  Chloasma — m.  Menta- 
grophytes,  Mentagrophyte. 

MICROS'TOMUS;  from  micros,  and  oroua, 
'mouth.'     One  who  has  a  small  mouth. 

MICROTE'SIA,  Par'tium  organica'rum  par'- 
vitns  morbo'sa;  from  fiiKporrjg,  'smallness.'  Mor- 
bid smallness  of  organic  parts. 

MTCROTRAPEZIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICROTRICH'IA;  from  micros,  and  $pt{, 
'hair.'     Fineness  or  shortness  of  hair. 

MICROTROPHIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICTIO,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruenta,  Hematu- 
ria— m.  Inopportuna,  Enuresis — m.  Involuntaria, 
Enuresis — m.  Sanguinea,  Hematuria. 

MICTION,  Micturition. 

MICTURIT"ION,  Mic'tio,  Mictua,  Urc'sis, 
Uri'asis,  Omiche'sis,  (F.)  Miction,  Action  de 
pisser,  from  micturio,  and  mingere,  mictum,  '  I 
make  water.'  The  act  of  making  water — Urine.' - 
tion.  Also,  morbid  frequency  of  passing  the 
water. 

MICTUS,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruentus,  Hema- 
turia. 

MIDRIFF,  Diaphragm. 

MIDWIFE,  from  mio,  'with,'  and  pip,  'wife.' 
or,  from  mis,  'meed,'  'recompense,'  and  pip, 
'wife.'  Matro'na,  Ohstet'rix,  Hypere'tria,  Ma>a, 
Mesas,  M(p.n'tria,  Aces'toris,  Aces'tris,  Aces'trin, 
(Sc.)  Howdy,  (Prov.)  Grace-wife,  Hand  woman, 
fiends  woman,  Howdy-wife,  (F.)  Rage  fern  me,  Ac- 
coucheuse.    A  female  who  practises  obstetrics. 

MIDWIFERY.  Obstetrics. 

MI  EL,  Mel — m.  d'Ace'nte  de  Cnivre,  Linimen- 
tum  aeruginis — ?».  Borate,  Mel  boracis — m.Depure, 
Mel  despumafum — m.  Despnme,  Mel  despumatum 
■ — m.  dledicinnl,  Mellitum —  in.  Mercuriale  com- 
pose, Mellitum  de  mercuriali  compositum. 

MIEUTER.  Accoucheur. 

MIGMA,  Mistura. 

MIGRAINE,  Hemicrania. 

MIGRANA,  Hemicrania. 

MIGRATION  DU  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

MIKANIA   GUACO.  Guaco. 

MiKROCEPIIALTTS.  Microcephalus. 

MIL,  Panicum  miliaceum. 

MILFOIL.  Achillea  millefolium. 

M II,  f A  IRE,  Miliary,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIA,  Miliary  fever  —  m.  Sudans,  Mi- 
liary fever — m.  Sudatoria,  Miliary  fever. 


MILTARIS  SUDATORIA,  Sudor  anglicus,  S 
piciirdicus. 

MIL'IARY,  Milia'ris,  (F.)  Miliaire;  from 
milium,  '  millet.'  Resembling  millet  seed — hence, 
miliary  fever,  miliary  glands,  &c. 

Miliary  Fever,  Em'ph/ysis  milia'ria,  Milio'. 
rie,  Miliaria,  M.  sudans  seu  audato'ria,  .Sudor, 
»S'.  milia'ria,  Pap' via  milia'ris,  Exanthe'ma  mili- 
aria, Syn'ochus  miliaria,  Aspre'do  milia'ceat 
Febria  milia'ris  seu  essero'sa  seu  puncticuln' ria 
seu  culicula'ris  seu  vesicula'ris  seu  lenticula'ria 
seu  purpnra'te  rubra  et  alba  milia'ris,  JJur'purn 
pnerpera'rum,  P.  milia'ris,  Pnp'nfce  avdu'rii 
Millet  seed  rash,  (F.)  Miliaire,  Millot,  Pourpre 
bh(nc,  Millet.  It  is  so  called  from  the  eruption 
resembling  the  seed  of  the  milium  or  millet. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of  small,  red, 
isolated  pimples,  rarely  confluent,  but  almost 
always  very  numerous,  slightly  raised  above  the 
skin,  and  presenting,  at  the  end  of  2-1  hours,  a 
small  vesicle  filled  with  a  white  transparent 
fluid;  which  quickly  dries  up.  and  separates  in 
the  form  of  scales.  Miliary  fever  is  now  rare,  in 
consequence  of  the  cooling  practice  in  fevers  and 
other  states  of  the  sj'stem.  It  is  almost  always 
brought  on  by  external  heat,  and  hence  the  pre- 
vention is  obvious.  The  treatment  is  simple.  It 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  in 
ordinary  cases. 

Miliary  Glands,  Sebaceous  glands — m.  Gran- 
ulations or  Tubercles,  see  Granulation. 

MILII  SEMINA,  Panicum  Italicum. 

MILIOLUM.  Diminutive  of  milium,  'millet.' 
Cenchrid'ion.  A  small  tumour  on  the  eyelids, 
resembling,  in  size,  a  millet- seed. 

MILITARIS  HERBA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MIL'ITARY,  Milita'ris,  from  miles,  militis,(F.) 
Militaire,  'a  soldier.'  Pertaining  to  a  soldier  or 
an  army — as  '  Military  medicine,'  Medici ua  mili- 
ta'ris, (F.)  Medecine  militaire ;  and  Military  sur- 
gery, Chirur'gia.  milita'ris,  (F.)  Ghirurgie  mili- 
taire. Medicine  and  surgery  applicable  to  the 
soldier. 

MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panicum  miliaceum,  see 
Hydatid — m.  Esculentum,  Panicum  miliaceum — - 
in.  Indicum,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m.  Panicum, 
Panicum  miliaceum  —  m.  Solis,  Lithospermum 
officinale. 

MILK,  Sax.  melc,  Lac,  Gain,  Humor  lac'teus, 
Latex  vi'veus,  (F.)  La  it.  A  fluid  secreted  by  the 
mammary  glands  of  the  females  of  the  mammalia. 
The  skimmed  milk  of  the  cow.  (F.)  Lnitde  Vttchm 
contains  water,  caseous  matter,  traces  of  butter, 
sugar  of  milk,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate, 
and  acetate  of  potassa,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of  iron, 
and  earthy  phosphate.  The  cream  is  formed  of 
butter,  casein,  and  whey,  in  which  there  is  sugar 
of  milk  and  salts.  When  examined  by  the  micro- 
scope, milk  is  seen  to  contain  a  large  number  of 
particles,  of  irregular  size  and  shape,  varying 
from  jo-  ooth  to  ^o'lo^h  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
They  consist  of  oily  matter,  surrounded  by  a 
delicate  pellicle,  and  are  the  milk  globules. 

Cow's  milk  is  employed  for  the  preparation  of 
cream,  butter,  cheese,  whey,  sugar  of  milk,  and 
fran^ipane.  It  is  useful  in  a  number  of  cases  of 
poisoning;  either  by  acting  as  a  demulcent,  or 
by  decomposing  certain  poisons,  or  by  combining 
with  others  so  as  to  neutralize  them.  It  is  con- 
stantly employed  as  aliment,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  an  emulsion  in  which  butter  and  casein  are 
found  in  suspension.  When  taken  into  the  sto- 
mach, it  is  coagulated  by  the  gastric  fluids,  and 
the  coagulum  is  digested  like  any  other  solid. 
The  watery  parts  are  absorbed. 

Between  milk,  flour,  and  blood,  there  is  groat 
similarity  of  composition.  The  following  tabid 
is  given  by  Dr.  Robert  Dundas  Thomson : 


MILK 


695 


MILLIMETRE 


im. 


Curd  or  Casein    \ 


Flmir. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Cttein, 

Gluten, 

Oil. 

Sugar. 
Starch, 


Fibrin, 

Albumen, 

Casein, 

Colouring 

matter. 

Fat. 


Do. 


Do. 


Butter 

Sugar 

Chloride  of  potassium, 

. sodium, 

to  of  Boda, 

lime, 

magnesia,  j 

. ■ imn,  J 

From  a  considerable  number  of  experiments, 
M  essrs.  Deyeux  and  Par  men  tier  class  the  six 
kinds  of  milk,  which  they  examined,  according 
to  the  following  table,  as  regards  the  relative 
quantity  of  materials  they  contain. 


Butter. 

Sii /jar  of 
Sltlk. ' 

Serum. 

Goat 

Sheep 
Cow 

Ass 
Woman 

Mare 

Sheep 

Cow 

Goal 

Woman 

Mare 

W  om  an 

Am 

Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Cow 
Goal 

Sheep 

Cow 
Goat 

Sheep 

Mii.k  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

Milk,  Almond,  Emulsio  amygdala). 

Milk  and  Soda  Water.  An  agreeable  mode 
of  taking  milk  in  cases  where  it  lies  heavily  on 
tuach.  Heat,  nearly  to  boiling,  a  teacup- 
ful  of  mill:  ;  dissolve  in  it  a  teaspoonful  of  sugar, 
j. ut  it  into  a  large  tumbler,  and  pour  over  it  two- 
thirds  of  a  bottle  of  soda  mater. 

Mii.k,  Assks',  (F. )  Lait  cTAnesse,  considerably 
es  human  milk,  of  which  it  has  the  con- 
sistence, Bmell,  and  taste:  but  it  contains  a  little 
i m,  and  more  soft,  caseous  matter.  It  is 
often  used  by  those  labouring  under  pulmonary 
affections. 

Artificial  Axxe*  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
gelatin  3~<:  dissolving  it,  by  the  aid  of  heat,  in 
hurley  water  Oij  :  adding  refined  sugar  (^j  ;  pour- 
ing int..  the  mixture  new  milk  Oj  ;  and  beating 
the  whole  with  a  whisk. 

It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dissolving  sugar 
of  milk  £ij  in  tepid  skimmed  coto's  milk  Oj. 

Mm  k  Blotch,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  m.  Crust, 
:  .  larvalis. 

Mn  k,  Ewes',  (P.)  Lait  de  Brebis.  It  affords 
more  cream  than  cows'  milk  ;  but  the  butter  is 
Softer.  The  Oaseum,  on  the  contrary,  is  fatter, 
and  more  viscid,  it  contains  le<s  serum  than 
milk.  The  Roquefort  cheeses  are  made 
from  it. 

Mil  K  FbTBR,  see  Fever,  milk  —  m.  Glass, 
1  - r  •  •  i ~ t  ur!a-.-  —  in.  Globule*,  Bee  Milk. 

Mn  k.  Goats',    P.)  Lait  de  Chiure,  resembles 

cow-'    milk  :    the   butyraceous    matter,    however, 
which  enters  into  its  composition,  is  mors  solid 

tiian   tint   of  the  COW. 

Artificial  Goafs  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
fresh  tuet ^j ;  cutting  it  into  small  pieces:  tying 
i  muslin  bag,  large  enough  to  leave'  the 
morsels  free  from  compression  :  and  boiling  in  ■ 
quart  of  saw's  mill-,  sweetened  with  ■  quarter  of 
an  ounce  of  white  nugar  eandu. 

<  diet  in  scrofulous  cases,  and  also  in 
phthin 

Mn  k.  Grebe,  Colostrum. 

Mii.k.  11.  ma  v.  ,  [jr.)  Lait  de  fern  «e,— contains 


more  sugar,  milk,  and  cream,  and  less  cascum, 
than  cows'  milk.  Its  composition  differs  accord- 
ing t>>  the  distant f  time  from  delivery. 

Miik  Knot,  Galacto-gem'gliom j  (F.)  Ganglion 
laiteur.  The  knots  often  observed  in  the  breast 
after  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  for  some  time 
after  the  suppression  of  the  secretion.  They 
generally  end  by  resolution. 

If  ii  k  Leg,  Phlegmatia  doleaa, 
Mn  k.  If Ai  KB',  Bparm. 

Milk,  Marks',  P.  Lait  de  Jinment, — contains 
only  a  small  quantity  of  fluid  but]  racoons  matter; 

a  little  caseum,  softer  than  that  of  cows'  milk,  and 
more  serum. 

Mii.k  Stall,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
Mn  k  6n  kvess,  Sick  stomach,  Swamp  m'ckne**, 
Slows,  Stiff  joints,  Puking  fever.  River 
sic/:uenn.  A  disease  occasionally  observed  in  the 
States  of  Alabama,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  which 
affects  both  man  and  cattle,  but  chiefly  the  latter. 
It  is  attributed  in  cattle  to  something  eaten  or 
drunk  by  them  :  and  in  man  to  the  eating  of  the 
flesh  of  animals  labouring  under  the  disease. 
Owing  to  the  tremors  that  characterize  it  in  ani- 
mals, it  is  called  the  Trembles.     It  is  endemic. 

The  symptoms  of  the  disease  are  such  as  are 
produced  by  the  aero-narcotic  class  of  poisons — 
vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agitation, 
Ac.  :  and  the  approved  indications  of  treatment 
appear  to  be — gentle  emetics  and  laxatives,  with 
quiet,  and  mucilaginous  drinks. 
Milk,  Shakes',  Euphorbia  oorollate. 
Milk,  Solid'ified.  Milk,  to  which  little  less 
than  an  equal  weight  of  white  sugar  lias  be<  n 
added,  evaporated  to  dryness.  When  re-dissolved 
in  water,  it  has  all  the  qualities  of  fresh  milk, 
with  the  additional  quantity  of  sugar. 

To  milk,  evaporated  to  dryness,  MM.  (irimaud 
and  Galais  have  given   the  names  Lactoline  and 
Laeteine. 
Milk  Spots.  Macula'  alba,  Strophulus. 
Milk  Store,  Moroobtbus. 
Milk.  Sic ar  OR,  Sugar  of  milk. 
Milk  of  Sulphur,  Sulphur  prscipitatum — m. 
Sweet,  Galium  verum. 

Milk  Teeth,  see  Dentition  —  m.  Thrush,  Aph- 
thre  —  m.  Vetch.  Astragalus  vcrus  —  m.  Vetch, 
stemless.  Astragalus  ezscapus — m.  Weed,  Apocy- 
DUm  androsiciiiitbliuin.  Asclepias  Syriaca,  Euphor- 
bia corollata  —  m.  Weed,  long-leaved,  green, 
Acerates  longifolin — m.  Weed,  smooth,  Asclepias 
Snllivantii  —  m.  Wort,  bitter,  Polygala  amara  — 
m.  Wort,  common,  Polygala  —  in.  Wort,  dwarf, 
Polygala  paucifolia — m.  Wort,  rattlesnake,  Poly- 
gala. 

MILKWOMAN,  Nurse,  wet 

MILKY.  Lactic. 

MILL  MOUNTAIN,  Linura  catbartienm. 

MILLEFEUILLE,  Achillea  millefolium  — m. 
Aquntique,  Phellandrium  aqnaticum. 

UII.LE  FEUILLET.  Omasum. 

MILLEFOLIUM,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILLEMORBIA  SCROPHULARIA,  Scro- 
phularis  nodosa. 

MILLEPEDES.  Onisci  aselli. 

ItlLLEPER  Tt  IS  ORDINAIRE,  Hyperi- 
cum perforatum. 

MILLET,  Aphtha),  Miliary  fever  —  m.  Barba- 
docs.  Panicum  [talieum  —  m.  Common,  Panicum 

iniliaceuiii  —  m.   Indian.    Panicum    Italictim — m. 
i/ih   Oiseaux,  Panicum    Italiciim  —  m.  Ordinaire, 

Panicum  iniliaceuiii. 

MTLLET  SEED   RA8H,  Miliary  fever. 

MILLIGRAMME,  from  mille,  '»  thousand,' 
and  ypapn*,  'a  gramme.'  The  thousandth  pari 
of  a  gramme:— about  0  0154  Troy  grain. 

MILLIGB  \N  \.  Ilerniaria  glabra. 

MILLIMETRE,  Milh'm'eter,  from  mille,  'a- 
thousand,1    and    nir,or,    'measure.'       The    thou- 


MIL  LOT 


596 


MISTURA 


sandfh  part    of  the  metre;  —  equal    to    0-03937 
English  inch,  or  about  two-fifths  of  a  line. 

SfTLLOT,  Miliary  fever. 

MIL1MLF.  Madarosis. 

MILPHOSIS,  Madarosis. 

MILT,  Melt.  Spleen. 

MILT-LIKE.  An  epithet  for  a  form  of  cancer, 
characterized  by  a  soft  pale  growth,  containing 
scarcely  any  blood;  —  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  milt  of  a  fish. 

Milt-Likk  Tumour,  Encephaloid. 

MILTUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

MILTWASTE,  Aspleninm. 

MIMOSA  CATECHU,  Catechu  — m.  Cochlia- 
c-arpa,  see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasilierjsis  —  m. 
Leucophlea,  see  Spirit  (Arrack) — m.  Nilotica,  see 
Acacise  gum  mi  —  m.  Scandens,  Caehang-parang 
— m.  Senegal,  see  Senegal,  gum — m.  Yirginalis, 
see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis. 

MIND.  ABSENCE  OF,  Aphelxia  socors  —  m. 
Abstraction  of,  Aphelxia  intenta  —  m.  Unsound, 
Insanity. 

MINERALTUM,  Antiinonium. 

MIXER'S  ELBOW.  An  enlargement  of  a 
bursa  over  the  olecranon,  occurring  in  such  as 
are  in  the  habit  of  leaning  much  upon  it;  and, 
therefore,  often  seen  in  those  who  work  on  the 
side  in  low-roofed  mines. 

MIN'IM,  Min'imum,  'the  least  part  or  portion.' 
The  60th  part  of  a  fluidrachm.  This  measure 
has  been  introduced  by  the  London  College  of 
Physicians,  in  consequence  of  the  uncertainty  of 
the  size  of  the  drop,  (see  Gutta.)  The  subdivision 
of  the  wine  pint  has,  accordingly,  been  extended 
to  the  60th  part  of  the  fluidrachm;  and  glass 
measures,  called  "  minim-measures,"  have  been 
adopted  by  the  London  College.  The  proportion 
between  the  minims  and  the  drops  of  various 
fluid  preparations  is  exhibited  in  the  following 
table.  The  results  were  obtained  by  Mr.  Durand, 
a  skilful  pharmacien  of  Philadelphia,  under  cir- 
cumstances, as  regards  the  different  articles,  as 
nearly  identical  as  possible. 

Table  op  the  Number  of  Drops  of  different 
Liquids  equivalent  to  a  Fluidrachm. 

Acid  Acetic,  crystallizable 120 

Acid  Hydrocyanic  (medicinal) 45 

Muriatic 54 

Nitric 84 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Sulphuric „ 00 

aromatic 120 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Alcohol  (rectified  Spirit) 138 

Alcohol,  diluted  (proof  Spirit) 120 

Arsenite  of  Potassa,  solution  of 57 

Ether,  Sulphuric 150 

Oils  of  Aniseed,  Cinnamon,  Cloves,  Pepper- 
mint, Sweet  Almonds.  Olives 120 

Tinctures  of  Asafoetida,  Foxglove,  Guaiac, 

Opium 120 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron 132 

Yinegar,  distilled  78 

of  Colchicum 78 

of  Opium  (black  drop) 78 

of  Squill  78 

Water,  distilled 45 

"Water  of  Ammonia  (strong) 54 

Do.             do.         (weak) 45 

Wine  (Teneriffe) 78 

A.ntimonial 72 

of  Colchicum  '. 75 

of  Opium 78 

MINIM'ETER;  badly  compounded  from  mi- 
nimum and  ftsrpav,  '  measure.'  An  instrument  for 
measuring  minims,  invented  by  Mr.  Alsop.  It 
consists  of  a  glass  tube,  graduated  from  the  coni- 


f? 


Minim  measixre. 


cal  point  into  minims;  and  having  a  piston,  by 
the  elevation  of  which,  fluid  may  be  drawn  into 
the  tube,  and  by  its  depression  be  forced  from  it. 

MINIM  MEASURE.  A 
measure  for  the  divisions  of  a 
fluidrachm. 

MINIMUM,  Minim. 

MINISTER  GYMNASTS, 
Paedotribes. 

MINITIIOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum 
rubrum  —  m.  Graecorum,  Hy- 
drargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum 
—  m.  Purum,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum rubrum. 

MINOR  HEL'ICIS.  A 
muscle  situate  on  the  posterior 
border  of  the  helix  of  the  ear, 
at  its  commencement  in  th( 
fossa  of  the  concha. 

MINOR ATIVUS.  Laxative. 

MINT,  COCK,  Tanacefcam 
balsamita — m.  Curled,  Mentha 
I  crispa  —  m.  Cat,  Nepeta  —  in.  Horse,  Monarda 
coccinea  and  M.  punctata — m.  Horse,  hairy,  Ble- 
philia  hirsnta — m.  Horse,  Ohio,  Blephilia  hirsuta 
— m.  Horse,  sweet.  Cunila  Mariana — m.  Hyssop- 
leaved.  Mentha  cervina. 

Mint  Julep.  A  drink,  consisting  of  brandy, 
sugar,  and  pounded  ice,  flavoured  by  sprigs  of 
mint.     It  is  an  agreeable  alcoholic  excitant. 

Mint,  Mountain.  Monarda  coccinea — m.  Moun- 
|  tain,  common,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — in.  Pep- 
j  per,  Mentha  piperita — m.  Spear,  Mentha  viridis 
,  — m.  Squaw,  Hedeoma  —  m.  Stone,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana. 

Mint  Tea,  Infusum  Mentha?  viridis. 

Mint.  Water,  Mentha  aquatica. 

MINTIIA,  Mint. 

MINUTHESIS.  Meiosis. 

MINYANTHES,  Menyanthes. 

MIOSIS.  Meiosis. 

MIRLES.  Rubeola. 

MIROCELE,  Merocele. 

MIRROT.  Daucus  Carota. 

MISADIR.  Ammonia?  murias. 

MISANTHRO'PIA,  Misanthropy,  Eranthro'- 
pia,  Pkygnnthro'pia,  from  pinos,  'hatred,'  and 
avSowiros,  '  man.'  Aversion  to  man  and  society: — 
a  svmptom  of  melancholy,  and  hypochondriasis. 

MISCARRIAGE,  Abortion. 

MISERERE  MEL  Ileus. 

MISHME  TEETA,  Coptis  teeta. 

MISMAR,  Mesemar.  A  name  given  by  Avi- 
cenna  to  a  kind  of  nodus,  which  forms  on  the 
toes  as  the  sequel  of  contusion  or  inflammation 
of  those  parts. 

MISOPTO'CHUS,  from  HiaoS,  'hatred.'  and 
Trrw^oj,  'poor.'  That  which  has  hatred  for  the 
poor.  The  gout  has  been  so  called  by  some,  be- 
cause it  commonlv  affects  the  rich. 

MISS  A  D  A  N.  IF  v  d  ra  r evru  m . 

MISSIO  SANGUINIS'.  Blood-letting. 

MISSISSIPPI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cooper's  Well,  in  Hinds  County,  four  miles  from 
Raymond,  and  thirteen  from  Jackson,  is  a  sul- 
phuretted saline,  the  chief  constituents  being  the 
sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia.  Of  the  solid  in- 
gredients upwards  of  3  per  cent,  are  of  peroxide 
i  of  iron.  The  waters  are  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
gastro-enteric  affections.  Ocean  Springs,  in  Jack- 
|  son  Countv,  is  an  acidulo-sulphureous  chalybeate. 

MISTIO,  Mistura. 

MISTLETOE,  Yiscum  album  —  m.  Yellowish, 
Yiseum  flavescens. 

MISTU'RA.  ptfo,  Propotisma,  Migma.  Mix'tio, 
3/ix'tio,  Mixtii'ra,  Mixture:  (F.)  Potion,  from 
misrere,  mixtnm,  '  to  mix.'  A  mingled  compound, 
in  which   different  ingredients   are   contained  in 


MIST  C  R  A 


597 


M  I  T  R  A  L 


the  fluid  state  :  suspended  or  not  by  means  of.  j 
rharine  matter.    In  this 
aonymous  with   the   French  Potion,     In 
.  however,  the  word  mixture  is  more  fre- 
quently understood  to  mean  ■  liquid  medicine, 
which  contains  very  active  Bubstanees,  and  can 
only    be    administered   by  drops.      A    mixture,    in 
other  wc.pl>.  in  tbe  l'r>  nch  Bense,  may  he  regarded 
■  tin n  deprived  of  watery  vehicle. 
MISTURA,    s.j     A  fragrant  yellow-coloured 
water,  used  as  a  perfume  by  the  ladies  of  Peru. 
It  is  prepared  from  gillyflower,  jasmine,  and  flor 
■  ■■hi  (Talinum  umbellatum).     Bee  Campo- 
sia  lineatifolia. 
stura  AcacijE,  Mucilago  Acaeis. 

IflSTURA    Ac"lDI    HVDROC  YAN'li  I.    Mixture    of 

rendie).   {Me- 
dicinal .   J5  ■         filled    until-,  3|xiv, 
.    x,  --  \     I  ssert-spoonful    every 
morning  and  evening,  as  a  pectoral,  <tc. 

MlSTI  ra  Ammoni'aci,  Lac  ammoniaci,  Mixture 
m/  ammo'niac  (Ammoniac,  ^ij,  aqua  Oss.  Hub 
the  ammoniacum  :  adding  the  water  gradually  un- 
til  they  are   perfectly  mixed.      1'h.  U.  S.)     Dose, 

£)• 
Mistura  Amtgdai  e,  Etnulsio  amygdalm. 
Mistura   Asafce'tid.e,  /-'"•  asnfortida,  EmuU 
'ica,  Mixture  of  asafa  tida,  (F.)  Lait 
■  fa-tida  fixj,  aqua  Oss.     Kub 
r,   adding   the    water   by  degrees.      Ph.  I'. 
S.       Dsed  where   pills   cannot   lie  swallowed,  and 
in   irritations  during  dentition,  and 
1»   -.',  f^ss  to  1 1 
Mistura  AsAKtKTiD.t:  PRO  Clysmate,  Encnia 

am. 
Bfl9TURA  Cam'tHOR.E,  Aqua  camphora  (Ph.  U. 
nphor  mixture  or  julep,  Mi  stura  campho- 
rit'tn.   Jula'pium    e  camphord  sen   camphoratum, 
■  ji  camphri.    (Camphor.  t^ij.  alcohol.  ir^xl, 
.  carb.  5(iv,  aqua  Oij.     Kub  the  camphor 
with   the  alcohol,  and  afterwards  with    the  mag- 
add    the    water,    and   filter.       Ph.   1".   S. 
Virtues    like    those    of   camphor.     See    Emulsio 
eamphora?. 

MlSTURA  CORHU  Usti.   Decoc't Ml»  comu  cervVni 
'■■it  of  burnt  harts/mru, 
of  burnt    hartshorn.      (Cornuum    nst.    ^ij,    acmitr 
ijuin.  rout.  5j.  aqua  Oiij.     Boil  to  Oij,  constantly 
stirring,  ami  strain.      /'//.  L.) 

MlSTURA  Crbaso'ti,  Cre'asote  mixture,    (Crra- 
aa  ff\,xvj,  Sp.  J" nip.  comp., Sy- 
rup., aa  f^j  :  Aqua  f5xiv.     Mix  the  crea- 

Id   gradually  the  water,  and  then  the 
syrup   and    spirit     Ph.  E.)     A  fluidounce   con- 
•   i  minim  of  creasote. 
MlSTURA  Cr.KT.f:.  Potio  carbona'tis  cold*.  Mis- 
eta' cea,  Mucila'go  cret'  tea,  Chalk  or 
fixture.  Chalk  /" 
l  p.    ^--.    saevhar.,  acacia  gum.   in   pulv., 
"•I.,  aqua,  aa  f.^iv.     Mix.    Ph. 
Antacid  and  absorbent    Dose,  f^j  to  f,^ij. 
DlABOL'lCA.      A   mixture  under  this 
name    is    kept    in    military   hospitals    for   malin- 
It    i<   made   of    sundry   nauseous   ingre- 
dients,   as    aloe?,  asafcetida,  castor,   Ac,  and   is 
s  reeable  impression 

R  v    Ell  El  i'v  ?:    VOKITO'Rl  V.    I 

'  ."■  4   gr.,  orange  flower 

\  -up  ^a  :  M.)  poonful 

half  hour  till  it  8 

MlSTURA    PERRl    COMPOS'lTA,    Compound     mir- 

.    !' 

JUh't    mixture.      (Myrrh.  COnt,    JJji    /'"'"*»&    carb. 

rri  sntph.  in  pulv., 

lavand.   ^ss,   sacchar.  Jj-      Rub   together 

yrrh,  subcarbonate  of  potassa,  and  sugar; 

th^n  add,  while  triturating,  tin-  rose-water,  spirit 

of  nutmeg;    and,  lastly,    the    sulphate    of  iron. 


Pour  the  mixture  directly  into  a 
stop  it  close.      Ph.  [I.  S.)      It  is  tonic  and  einm« 
.  and  is  us<  ful  w  berev<  r  iron  is  indicated. 
Mistura    (ii.^ .  viiKin'z.t:    Compos'ita,    Com, 

piiiiiul    mixture    if    l.iq  ■  n     Mixture, 

t.    ti/ycyrrhiz.    pulv..    Acacia    pulv.,    Suc- 
char.,  aa  5ss  ;    Tinct.  opii  cawpkorat.  fj$y  :    I  .'/  - 
antimon.  f^j  :   Spirit,  atlnr.  nitric.   fj|m) 
f^xij.     Rub  the  liquorice,  gum  arabic,  and 
with    the   water,   gradually    poured     upon 
add  the   other   ingredients   anil    mix.      Ph.   1   .  6 
A  popular  cough  medicine,  but  not  deserving  of 
being   made    officinal.      Dose,   a   tablespoonful   or 

Mistdra  Gdai'aci,  Mixture  •<  guai'ac,  Lae 
guaiaci,  Emul'siu  guaiaci'na,  Mistura  gnaiaci 
gummo'sa  seu  (jummi  ijuu' imi  Ber'geri,  Solu'tia 
guaiaci  gumnto'ta  sen  reei'na  guaiaci  aquo'ta, 
1.  Mixture  de  Ouyac  (Quaiac.  g.  reein.  Z'xbb, 
snerh.  pur.  t^ij.  mac.  acacia  <jum.  JJij,  aq,  cinnam, 
f^viij.  Kul>  the  guaiacum  with  tne  sugar;  then 
with  tbe  mucilage.  Add,  gradually,  the  cinna- 
mon water.     /'//.  L.)      Dose,  fj§88  to  fj|ij. 

Mistura  Gummi  Guaiaci  Bsrgbri,  .Mistura 
Gnaiaci — m.  Hordei,  Decoctum  Hordei  composi- 

turn — in.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo, 

Mistura  Mux  mi,  M.  moecha'ta,  Musk  mixture. 
(Moschi,  acacia  gum,  eontus.,  aacch.  purif,,  sing. 
oh  '"{•  ro**  ^ovJ-  Kub  the  musk  with  the 
sugar;  add  the  gum,  ami.  by  degrees,  the  rose- 
water.     Pit.  L.)     Dose,  fjfss  to  f.^ij. 

Mistura  Scammo'hii,  Scam'mony  Mixture. 
Scammon.  gr.  vij,  Lacti*  fj^iij.  Triturate  to  form 
an  emulsion.  Ph.  E.)  The  whole  is  a  cathartic 
dose. 

MiSTtR.v  Si'ir'itT-s  Mini  Gai.i.'ici,  Brandy  Mix- 
ture. (Sp.  Vin.  Gallic,  Aq.  cinnam.  aa  f,S'v; 
Yitel.  ovo.  ij  ;  Sacchar.  x*% \  01.  cinnam.  TT\,  ij. 
M.  Ph.  L.)  An  excitant  draught  for  the  low 
stages  of  fever. 

Mistura  Strtch'hls,  Mixture  of  etrych'nia. 
(Distilled  water,  ^ij,  very  pure  strychnia,  1  gr., 
white  sugar,  Jij  :  M.)    Dose,  a  dessert-spoonful. 

Mistura  Sulphurico-acioa,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri — m.    Vulneraria     acida,      Arquebusade, 

Eau  d'. 

MITCIIEL'LA  RBPENS,  Partridge  berry.  A 
pretty  little  indigenous  trailing  evergreen,  of  the 
Cinchona  family — Cinchonaeese, — which  flowers 
from  June  to  July.  It  has  been  considered  an 
expectorant,  emmenagogue,  and  diuretic;  and  has 
been  prescribed  in  dropsy  and  gout. 

MITELLA,  Sling. 

MITH'RIDATE,     Mithrida'tium,     Mithridat'- 

iriint  medicamen'tum,  Antid'otum  Mithrida'tium, 
Dia-sciu'ci  antid'otus,  Oonfec'tio  Damoc'ratis.     A 

very  compound  electuary,  into  which  entered  — 
Myrrh  of  Arabia,  Saffron,  Agaric,  Ginger,  Cinna- 
mon,   Frankincense,    Garlic,    Mustard,    Birth  wort, 

Galbannm,  Castor,  Long  pepper,  Opoponax,  Bdel- 
lium, Gum  Arabic,  Opium,  Gentian,  Orris,  Saga- 
penum,    Valerian,    Acacia,    Hypericum,    Canary 

•  ■  .  .\  ■.  It  was  invented  by  Mithrida- 
tc<,  king  of  Poiitus  and  Pithynia,  and  was  for- 
merly regarded  as  alexipbannic.     It  i.>  little  used 

at  tbe  present  day.  and,  from  its  heterogeneous 
nature,  should  be  wholly  abandoned. 

MITHBIDATICDMMEDICAMENTUM,Mi. 
thridate. 

MITIGANS,  Lenitive. 

MITRA  HIPPOCRATICA,  Bonn«i  d* Hippo- 
crate. 

MITRAL,  Mitra'lis,  from  (ltTprj,  mitrn,  'a 
headdress.'  Saving  the  form  of  a  mitre;  resem- 
bling a  bishop's  mitre. 

Mitral  Rbgi  rgitatiox,  see  Regurgitation, 
Mitral  Valves,  Yai'rnhr  mitra'les  -  a  <'<>rdi* 

mitrn'!'  \     bicUSpida'leS    Sea 

bicuspida'ta.     Two  triangular  valves  at  th 


MURIUM 


59  8       MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


ing  of  communication  between  the  left  auricle  of  | 
the  heart  and  the  corresponding  ventricle.  These 
valves  are  formed  by  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
left  cavities  of  the  heart;  and  are  retained  on  the 
side  of  the  ventricle  by  tendinous  cords,  proceed- 
ing from  the  eolumna?  carneae.  They  form  a  spe- 
cies of  valve,  which  permit  the  blood  to  pass  from 
the  auricle  into  the  ventricle  and  oppose  its  return. 

MITRIUM,  Sling. 

MITTE  (F.),  Efflu'vinm  Latrina'n'um.  An 
emanation  exhaled  from  privies,  which  strongly 
irritates  the  eyes.  It  consists  of  ammonia,  united 
to  the  carbonic  and  hydro-sulphuric  acids. 

MIUAMARU,  see  Arrow  poison. 

MIVA,  Marmelade. 

MIX  IS.  Coition.  Mistnra. 

MIXTIO.  Mistura. 

MIXTURA,  Mistura. 

MIXTURE.  Mistura  — m.  Almond,  Emulsio 
Amygdalae — m.  of  Ammoniac,  Mistura  ammoniaci 
— m.  of  Asafcetida,  Mistura  asafeetidre. 

Mixture,  Brandy,  Mistura  spiritus  vini 
Gallici — m.  Brown,  Mistura  glycyrrhizas  compo- 
sita— m.  Cttlmante,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mixture,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphorae — m. 
Chalk.  Mistura  eret». 

M IXT CUE  BE  CRATE,  Mistura  cretge  —  m. 
of  Creasote,  Mistura  creasoti. 

Mixture,  Cretaceous,  Mistura  crehp. 

Mixture  of  Emetine,  (emetic.)  Mistura  eme- 
tinae  vomitoria — m.  de  Fer  composSe,  Mistura  ferri 
composita — m.  de  Qnyae,  Mistura  Guaiaci. 

Mixture,  Griffith's,  Mistura  ferri  composita. 

Mixture  of  Guaiac,  Mistura  Guaiaci — in.  of 
Gum  Arabic,  see  Emulsio  Acaciae  —  m.  of  Harts- 
horn, burnt,  Mistura  cornu  usti — m.  of  Iron,  com- 
pound, Mistura  ferri  composita. 

Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended 
by  Mr.  Hope  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is 
essentially  a  nitrate  of  morphia.  Although  the 
proposer  employed  the  acidum  nitrosum  of  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  nitric  acid  is  gene- 
rally used.  (Acid,  nitroa.  fgj:  Aqnce  camphor. 
f  jfviij  ;  Tinct.  opt'i  gtt.  xl.  ;  M.)  Dose,  a  fourth 
part  every  three  or  four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Liquorice,  Compound,  Mistura 
glycyrrhizae  composita  —  m.  Lithontripfiqne  de 
JDnrnnde,  see  Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus — 
m.  of  Marsh  mallows,  Decoctum  althaeae. 

Mixture,  Musk,  Mistura  moschi — m.  Neutral, 
Liquor  potassae  citratis — m.  of  Prussic  acid,  Mis- 
tura acidi  hydrocyanici. 

Mixture  of  Scammoxy,  Mistura  scammonii. 

Mixture,  Scudamore's.  A  mixture  recom- 
mended by  Sir  C.  Scudamore  in  gouty  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  and  much  prescribed  in  the 
United  States.  Magnes.  snip1).  %) — ^ij;  Aqua 
tnenthepf^x:  Aceti  colchic  f^j — f?iss:  Syrup 
croci  ft^j  ;  Jfagnes.  ►Jviij,  M.  Dose,  one.  two,  or 
three  tablespoonfuls,  repeated  every  two  hours  in 
a  paroxysm  of  gout,  until  from  four  to  six  evacu- 
ations are  produced  in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Strychnia,  Mistura  strychniae  — 
in.  de  Wiiitt,  see  Liquor  anodynus  terebinthi- 
natus. 

MXEME,  Memory. 

M.n'kme  Cephal'icum  Bal'samum.  A  very 
compound  medicine,  into  which  entered  Balm, 
Lily,  Rosemary,  Lavender,  Borage,  Broom,  Bases, 
Violet,  Saffron,  Tln/me,  Stnra.r,  Galbanum,  &c. 

MXEMOXEUTICE.  Mnemonics. 

MXEMOX'ICS,  Jf neman' ice,  Mnemonen'tice, 
Mnemotechne,  (i/vii/jt].  '  memory  ;'  (xvvhovikos,  'ap- 
pertaining to  memory,')  from  fivaouai,  'I  recol- 
lect.' The  art  of  aiding  the  memory;  and  of 
forming,  in   some  sort,  an  artificial  memory. 

MXKMOTECTIXE.  Mnemonics. 

-MOANING,  from  Sax.  maenan,  'to  grieve.' 
Besjjira'tio  luctuo'sa,  Jfychthis'mos.     A  plaintive 


respiration,  in  which  the  patient  utters  audible 
groans, — moans,  (F.)  Gitllisnements. 

MOBILE,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

MOBIL'ITY.  MobiVitas,  from  moh'ilis,  contrac- 
tion of  movibilia,  'that  can  be  moved.'  The  power 
of  being  moved.  In  physiology,  great  nervous 
susceptibility,  often  joined  to  a  disposition  to  con- 
vulsion.    Greatlv  developed  excitability. 

MOCCASIX  FLOWER.  Cypripedium  acaule, 
C.  luteum — m.  Plant,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

MOCH'LIA.  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone; 
from  //o^-Aof,  a  lever. 

MOCHLICUS,  Purgative. 

MOCHLISCUS,  Lever. 

MOCHLUS,  Lever. 

MOCHTHUS,  Agony. 

MOCK-KNEES,  Ousta  genu  equina?. 

MOD'ELLIXG  PROCESS.  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Macartney,  of  Dublin,  to  signify  the  mode 
in  which  wounds  are  healed  without  inflamma- 
tion or  suppuration,  by  a  deposit  of  plastic 
matter  from  the  surface  of  the  wound,  by  which 
the  gap  is  more  rapidly  filled, — portion  being  laid 
upon  portion,  without  waste,  after  the  manner  of 
clay  in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor; — hence  the 
term. 

MODI'OLUS,  'the  nave  of  a  wheel.'  Byr'a- 
mia  seu  Axis  sen  Columella  coch'lece.  A  hollow 
cone  in  the  cochlea  of  the  ear,  forming  a  nucleus, 
axis,  or  central  pillar,  round  which  the  gyri  of 
the  cochlea  pass.  The  modiolus  forms  the  inner 
and  larger  portion  of  the  central  pillar,  and  is  the 
cavity  seen  at  the  bottom  of  the  meatus  audito- 
rius  internus.  It  lodges  a  branch  of  the  auditory 
nerve.  The  central  portion  of  the  modiolus  con- 
tains a  number  of  minute  canals,  and  is  called  in 
consequence  Tractns  spira'lis  foraminulo1  su*. 
Into  these  the  nerves  of  the  cochlea  enter,  and 
pass  out  at  right  angles  between  the  bony  plates 
forming  the  zona  ossea  of  the  lamina  spiralis,  to 
be  expanded  on  the  membranous  portion  of  the 
lamina. 

Modiolus,  Jfas,  also  means  the  crown  of  the 
trepan. 

MODIRA  CAXTRAM,  Strychnos  colubrina. 

MO'DIUS.  A  dry  measure,  the  third  of  an 
amphora,  equal  to  the  bushel. — Varro. 

MODUS  OPERAN'DI,  'mode  of  operating.' 
This  term  is  applied  to  the  general  principles 
upon  which  remedies  act  in  morbid  states  of  the 
body: — a  subject  of  much  interest,  although  in- 
volved in  considerable  obscurity. 

The  following  classification  will  convey  some 
idea  of  the  ways  in  which  different  organs  may 
be  excited  into  action. 

1.  By  actual  or  immediate  contact  of  the  remedy,  and 

by  absorption  or  mediate  contact. 

2.  By  an  impulse  conveyed  b}'  the  nerves,  through  an 

impression  made  on  the  stomach  or  elsewhere. 

3.  By  contiguous  or  continuous  sympathy,  or  by  mere 

proximity  or  continuity  of  parts. 

MOELLE,  Marrow — m.  Allongee,  Medulla  ob- 
longata— m.  Epiniere,  Medulla  spinalis — m.  Ver- 
tebrale.  Medulla  spinalis. 

M<FXrA  DEXTIUM,  Alveoli  dentium. 

MCEROR,  Athymia. 

MOFETTE.  Azote,  see  Mephitism. 

MOFFAT,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.  Moffat 
is  a  village  situate  about  56  miles  S.  W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  water  is  a  cold  sulphureous;  con- 
taining, in  a  wine  gallon.  36  grains  of  chloride  of 
sodium,  5  cubic  inches  of  carbonic  acid,  4  of  azote, 
and  10  of  sulphohydric  acid.  It  resembles  Har- 
rowgate  water  in  its  properties. 

A  strong  chalybeate  spring  was  discovered 
there  .about  the  year  1S2S,  which  contains  sesqui- 
sulphate  of  peroxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  alumina, 
and  uncombined  sulphuric  acid. 


MOGIGRAPHIA 


MOLLITIES 


,'IIIA.  Cramp,  writers'. 

I  I. A  I.I  \.    Pa    ••■       '.   •:    m        ;  tfl   'with 

difficulty.'  and  A.r  ik.'     This  word  is 

inaccurately  written  by  Paul  Zacohias, —  Mola'lia, 

an  i  Molilalia.    Difficult  or  defective  articulation. 

inent  of  speech.     S(  <•  Balbuties. 

:.  iborious  labour. 

}1<'I1  VWK   1  VSSEIj,  Eu|  a  tori  urn  purpureum. 
MOHRIA  TIIURIF'R  \u  \.     A  South  African 
fern.  A'"'    Ord,  Filices,  the  dry  leaves  of  which, 
|  :ed  and  made  into  an  ointment  with  fat, 

iceable  in  burns  and  scalds. 
JiOIGXOX,  Stump. 
MQi  S 

MOIS  i'l   ill-:.    Mador.   (f.)    tfatteur,   ftl 
r.     Simplehumidity  of  the  skin.     '1 

r  in  ;i  slate  of  moisture,  when 
:ht  perspiration. 
MOITEUR,  Moisture. 

A.  Maxillary   bone,  Molar  tooth,  Mole, 
I 
MOLAGOl  ODT,  Piper  nigrum. 
MOLA  f  HE,  Molar. 
MOLALIA.  Mogilalia. 
MOL  \!L  Mola'ris,  My'licus,[Y.)  Molai 

That  which  bruises  or  grinds:  from  mola- 
.Tindstone,'  or  tnola,  'a  millstone,' (roo/o, 
d.') 

I  >:  GLANDS.  Two  small  bodies  formed  by 
a  collection  of  mucous  crypts:  seated  in  the  sub- 
of  the  cheeks,  between  the  massetcr  and 
buccinator  muscles,  and  whose  excretory  ducts 
open  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  last  molar  tooth. 
\n  Teeth,  Grinders,  Jaw  Teeth,  Mola'res 
permanen'tes  <!,],:■-.  'area  <^\\  maxilla'- 

ten  seu  yom'phii  sen   clara'les,  Jfo/cB,  Gomphioi, 
"  ri,     Mylodontes,    My'lodi,    Mmnis'ci,    Larj- 

Wall   t<.t},,  (Prov.)    Azzle  teeth,  A  i 
i  teeth,    Wang  teeth,  (F.)    Dent*  mola 

occupy  the  farther  part  of  each  al- 
veolar arch.     Their  coronse  are  broader  than  they 
ire  high  :  unequal;  tuberculated  :  and  the  roots 
subdivided.     They   are   20   in 
Mmber,  in  in  each  jaw.     The  first  two  | 
molar  teeth   in   each  jaw  have   been   called    leaser 
mtolares,  premo'lar   or    bicnapid,    Dentea    bicuapi- 
The  corona?  have  two  tuber- 
ing  more  prominent  and  larger 
than  the  inner.     The  root  is  commonly  simple; 
■onetimes    bifurcated.       The    other    three    pairs 
bare  been  termed.  Great  mola  lei   multi- 

1  ii.)  Their  coronse  are  cubical, 
rounded,  and  have,  at  the  opper  surface,  four  or 
five  tubercles,  separated  by  deep  furrows.  The 
livided  into  two.  three,  four,  and  five /on*//?, 
which  are  more  or  less  curved.  The  third  great 
molaris  appears  a  long  time  after  the  others,  and 
'  •  lis  sapien'tia  or  Wisdom 
I 

ISPES,  Mel 
MOLE,  Mola,  from   mnlea,   'mass.'     Myle",  Ze- 
■i.  i,  falsnm,  Pseud  ■    ■  'sis  mo- 
Vitas  molaria,  Mooncalf,  old  French, 
y,  insensibli  soft — at 

.  hard — mass;  of  variable  and  determinate 
thich  firms  in  the  uterus,  and  is  slightly 
m  ;  from  which   its 
I  vitality  is  derived.      It  has  1,. 

i  j  s  owing  to  imperfect 
;  it  moles   may  form  in  the  undoubted  vir- 

gin.    They  seem  to  be  owing  to  a  morbid  pro- 
ind  certainly  arc  generally  connected  with 
'on.     At  times,  they  contain  parts  of  the 
•  at  commonly  do  not     At  very  di 
periods,  in  different  women,  the  diseased  n 
I   from    the   uterus,    with    ordinary    - 
tonis  of  abortion ;  anu  the  case  requires  similar  ., 


inent.    See,  also,  NttVUS,  and  Com 

MOLE  PLANT,  Euphorbia  Iathyris. 
MOLECULAR,  Moleeula'ris.     Of  or  belong. 

ii ig  U)  molecules  or  minute  portions  of  any  thing. 
Hence   molecular  death,  in   contradistincl 
somatic  death. 

MOL'ECULE,  Molec'ula,  3faas'nla;  diminu- 
tive of  moles,  'a  mass.'  A  minute  portion  of  any 
body.  Also,  the  cieatric'ula,  ma'cula,  galhitu'rv, 
gelat'inous  molecule,  tread  of  the  cock,  or  embryo 
part  of  the  impregnated  ovum,  observable  by  the 
microscope  before  the  ovum  has  left  the  ovarium 
of  the  hen.  It  lies  under  the  epidermic  i 
the  yelk,  and  upon  its  proper  coat.  If  the  oi  nn  , 
according  to  Valentin,  he  lacerated  and  il 
tents  minutely  examined,  the  cicanicula  i 
like  a  grayish  white  disk,  which  in  its  whole  pe- 
riphery is  dense,  granulous,  and  opake;  but  in 
the  centre  presents  a  clear,  nongranulons,  ai  d 
perfectly  diaphanous  point.  Purkinje  foul 
when  he  removed  the  dark  granulous  mass  lv 
suction  with  a  small  tube,  there  remained  a  per- 
fectly transparent  vesicle  filled  with  a  pellucid 
lymph,  which  had  n  decidedly  spherical  form. 
hut,  being  extremely  delicate,  was  easily  lacera- 
ted, and  then  its  fluid  escaped.  As  he  found  this, 
which  later  naturalists  have  named — after 
coverer — the  Purhin'jean  ves'icle,  in  the  ova  of  the 
ovary,  but  could  not  see  it  in  oviu  which  had  al- 
ready entered  the  oviduct,  he  pave  it  the 
germinal  vesicle,  or  </>r»i  all,  vesic'ula prolifera 
seu  germinati'va,  (F.)  VMcule  germinative.  B  - 
sides  a  perfectly  colourless  fluid,  this  contains  one 
or  more  dark  corpuscles,  which  appear  as  a  nu- 
cleus through  the  including  membrane  in  tl  e 
shape  of  opake  spots — the  germinal  "jj<>t,  mac'nla 
germinati'va  seu  ger'minans,  nu'cleus  germinati'- 
rnt,  Blasto-car'dia,  Cor'cnlnm  ger'minit,  (F.) 
Tache  germinative.  The  granulous  membrane- 
its  thickened  portion,  the  so-called  '  cicatricula.' 
— and  the  germinal  vesicle,  constitute  those  pans 
of  the  ovum  which  pass  immediately  into  tl  e 
original  foundation  of  the  embryo,  the  blastoder- 
ma  or  germinal  membrane,  vesic'ula  blattodermat'- 
ica,  blastodi  • ' 

MOLECULE,  Gklatthoos,  Molecule. 

MOLENE,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MOLES  G  A  N  G  L I FO II M I S,  Ganglion  of 
Gasser. 

MOLIBDTTS,  Plumbum. 

MOLILALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLI'MEN,  pi.  Molim'iha,  from  molior,  'to 
move  or  stir.'     An  attempt,  a  struggle.     Hence: 

Moi  iMK.v  Cnn'ictM.  An  impulsion  towards 
a  sudden  solution  or  crisis  of  a  disease. 

Molimen  H.i  M"!kh  \<;"iitm.  The  hemor- 
rhagic diathesis  or  impulsion. 

Mommi.n-  ELsvoRRHorDA'Lfi.  The  hemorrhoi- 
dal diathesis  or  impulsion.     See  Hsemorrhois. 

Moi.imkn  Mknstima'i.k.  The  menstrual  dia- 
tb<  ril  "T  impulsion. 

MoLIMBH  NATURE!  Swr-rwurM,  Instinct. 

MOLKENKUR,  Whey  euro. 
LESCENCE,  Mo'llities. 

310LLET,  Sura. 

MOLLIPDPFS,  T.vcopcrdon. 

MOLLIS    MAI  LK.  Pis  mater. 

MOLLIT"IES,  Molles'a  nee,  Malacis'mus,  M<-l- 
l!t"i<t,  3folfitu'do,  Emolfit"ies,  /.'.  morbo'sa,  Bfol- 
litio,  Malax' it,  Malaco'sis,  Maltha x' is,  (P.)  !!<•- 
mollissement ;  (G.)  Malakien  (Fuobs) ;  from 
mollis,  'soft,1  Preternatural  softness  of  an  organ 
or  pari  of  an  organ. 

Moi  i  nn  a  Cl  r'ebri,  Malaco'eia  Cer'ebri,  En- 
cephalomala'cia,  Encephaloma  iceph'- 

ii/nx  (W,  Farr),   Cerebromala'cia,   Encephaloacj*'- 
tit,  Mollen'cence  or  softening  or  a  kind  of  li^uc- 


MOLLITIO 


600 


MONEYWORT 


faction  of  the  cerebral  substance  ;  the  remainder  i 
preserving  its  ordinary  consistency.  (F.)  Ramol- 
listement  du  cerveau.  The  neurine  often  contains 
small  clots  of  blood,  giving  rise  to  what  has  been 
termed  Apoplexie  copilluire,  (Cruveilhier.)  The 
symptoms  denoting  it  are  equivocal. 

Mollities  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 

Mollitibs  Medul'l.e  Spina'lis,  Myelomala'- 
cia,  (F.)  Ramollisscment  de  la  Moelle  Epiniere. 
Softening  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Mollitibs  Os'siom,  Malacosteo'gis,  Malacos'-  ' 

teo)>,  Emollit"ies  os'sium,  Paros'tia  jiex'ilis,  Os- 
teomalaco'sis,  Oateomala'cia,  Rachi'tis  seu  Ra-  \ 
chi'tis  adulto'rum,  Spina  vento'sa  (of  some).  Soft' 
i  ii iii'/  of  the  bones.  (F.)  Osteo-malacic,  Osteo-ma- 
l  u:ie,  Osteo-malakic.  Ramol/issement  des  os.  A 
rare  affection,  in  which  the  bones  are  deprived  of 
their  salts,  particularly  of  the  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  consist  only,  or  mainly,  of  gelatin;  hence 
they  acquire  a  degree  of  suppleness  which  ren- 
ders thein  unfit  for  the  performance  of  their  func- 
tions. The  disease  generally  affects  all  the 
bones:  but  it  is  especially  remarkable  during  life 
in  the  long  bones,  which  assume  any  curvature 
that  may  be  wished.  Very  violent  pain  is  often 
experienced  in  them  ;  and  the  urine  frequently 
contains  an  enormous  proportion  of  calcareous 
phosphate.  The  patient  is  compelled  to  remain 
in  the  horizontal  posture,:  the  bones  no  longer 
being  fixed  points  for  the  muscles  to  act  upon. 
The  disease  has,  hitherto,  always  terminated 
fatally,  and  dissection  has  exhibited  the  gelati- 
nous nature  of  the  bones  ;  which,  by  desiccation, 
have  become  transparent,  as  if  they  had  been  ma- 
cerated in  acid. 

Experience  has  afforded  no  means  of  relief  in 
this  dreadful  affliction.  The  alkaline  salts,  earthy 
phosphates,  &c.  are  of  little  or  no  use. 

MOLLITIO.  Mollities. 

MOLLITUDO,  Mollities. 

MOLLUS'CUM,  AtheiWma,  Oehthi'asis.  A 
cutaneous  affection,  so  called  in  consequence  of 
its  resemblance  to  certain  molluscous  animals. 
It  consists  of  numerous  tumours,  varying  in  size 
from  that  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg,  filled 
•with  an  atheromatous  matter,  which  are  de- 
veloped in  the  substance  of  the  derma,  and  are 
of  various  shapes,  some  having  a  large  base, — 
others  adherent  by  means  of  a  pedicle. 

Molltiscum  contagio'sum,  (F.)  Acne  moUuxcdide, 
a  singular  variety,  is  characterized  by  the  pre- 
sence of  hard,  round,  tubercles,  which  are  smooth 
and  transparent,  and  when  pressed,  pour  out  from 
an  orifice  in  their  summits  a  little  opake  or  milky 
fluid. 

The  disease  is  probably  seated  in  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

If  internal  treatment  be  adopted  at  all,  it  must 
consist  of  eutrophics,  as  arsenic,  iodine,  &c.  The 
external  treatment  consists  in  the  employment  of 
measures  calculated  to  excite  the  tubercles  to  in- 
flammation, as  by  touching  them  with  potassa. 

MOLOCHE.  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MOLOPES.  Vibices. 

MOLYBDENUM  MAGXESII,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MOLYBDOCACHEXIA,  Saturnismus. 

MOLYBDOOOLICA.  Colica  metallica. 

MOLYBDONOSUS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYBDOPARESIS,  Palsy,  lead. 

MOLYBDOS,  Plumbum. 

MOLYBDOSIS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYXE.  Anus. 

MOLYNSIS,  Miasma. 

MOMTE,  Mummy. 

MOMIX.  MameL 

MOMISCI,  Molar  teeth. 

MOMOR'DICA,  M.  Balmmi'na,  from  mordeo, 
moiiiurdi,  morsum,  '  to  bite,'  Bulsami'na,  Ntvro- 


'  sj/er'ma     cvspida'ta,    Balm-apple,    Balsam    apple, 
(F.)  Balsamine.  Pomme  de  merveille.      Oi 
curbitacese.       The    fruit    of    this     oriental     tree, 
Pomum  mirab'ile  seu  hierosolymita'num}  was  lur- 
!  merly  considered  vulnerary. 

Momordica  Aspbra,  M.  Elaterium. 
Momor'dica  Elate'rilm  :   M.  o  s' per  a,  El  ate1- 
riunt,    Ecba'lia    Elate' rim, i,    Ecbalium     o, 
rum     seu     ogreste     seu     cordifo'linm,     L'u'cumis 
ogres' t  is     seu     -asini'nus     seu     sylses'trxs,      Llin- 
ran'tia,    Boitba'lios,    Guarerba     orba,    Ecbol'iuiu 
date' rinm,    Wild,  Squirting,   or  Aides'   cn'cumber, 
(F.)     Concombre      Stiuvoge,     Momordique.      Ndt, 
Order,  Cucurbitacea?.     The  dried  sediment  from 
the  juice    is    the  elaterium   of  the   shops.     (See 
Extractum   Elaterii.)     It  is  a  most  powerful  ca- 
thartic, and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  dropsies. 
Its   active   principle    is    the    Elatin,   Elaterin   or 
,  Elaterium.     Dose,  gr.  J  to  gr.  j.  until  it  operates. 
MOMORDIQUE.  Momordica  elaterium. 
MONAD,  from  novas,  fiovacos,  'unity.'     A  sim- 
ple particle,  or  atom,  or  unit.  —  Leibnitz.     The 
smallest    of  all  visible  animalcules.     A  primary 
j  cell  or  germ. 

MOXJE.  Nates. 

MONAR'DA,  M.  did'yma  seu  coccin'ea  sea 
purpu'rea  seu  Kalmia'na,  Scarlet  Rose  balm, 
Mountain  mint,  Oswe'go  Tea,  Mountain  Balm, 
'■  Horsemint,  Square  stalk,  Red  balm;  a  beautiful 
'  indigenous  plant,  Sex.  Sijst.  Diandria  Monegyniu. 
!  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatae,  having  the  excitant  proper-* 
i  ties  of  Monarda  punctata. 

Monarda  Allophvlla,  M.  fistulosa  —  m.  Cli- 
I  nopodia.  M.  fistulosa  —  m.  Coccinea,  Monarda  — 
i  m.  Didyma,  Monarda. 

Monar'da  Fistulo'sa,  M.  rugo'sa  and  oblon- 
gata ;  M.  clinopod'ia  seu  allophyl'la,  Wild  ber- 
gamot,  Horsemint.  The  leaves  have  a  fragrant 
smell ;  and  an  aromatic,  somewhat  bitter  taste. 
They  are  reputed  to  be  nervine,  stomachic,  and 
deobstruent  [?]. 

Monarda  Kalmiana,  Monarda — m.  Oblongata, 
M.  fistulosa. 

Monar'da  Puxcta'ta,  Horsemint.  Indigenous 
in  the  United  States.  Stimulant  and  carmina- 
tive. The  Oleum  monarda  is  officinal  in  the 
United  States. 

Monarda  Purpurea,  Monarda  —  m.  Rugosa, 
M.  fistulosa. 

MOXDER  (F.),  from  mnndus,  'cleanly.'     To 
render  clean  or  pure.     In  Pharmacy,  it  means  to 
separate  any  substance  from  its  impure  or  useless 
portion.     In    surgery,  monder  ou   mondifier  une 
plate,  is  to  clean  or  deterge  a  wound. 
MONDIFWA  TIES.  Detergents. 
MONDIFIER    USE  PL  A  IE,  see  Monder. 
MONE'MERON,  Monoe'meron,  Monohe'meron  ; 
from  fiovos,   'one,'  and  'rjfitpa,   'a  day.'     A  name 
given  to  several  collyria,  which  were  supposed  to 
be  capable  of  curing  diseases  of  the  eyes  in  a  dav. 
MONENTERUM,  Colon. 

MOXE'SIA.  A  vegetable  extract  imported  into 
Europe  from  South  America,  in  hard,  thick  cakes. 
It  is  prepared  from  the  bark  of  a  tree,  whose  bo- 
tanical name  is  uncertain — probably  ChrysophyV- 
linn  glycyphl(P.'um  seu  Buranhem,  Burnnhem, 
Guaranhem ;  Ord.  Sapotaeea?.  It  is  very  friable, 
and  its  fracture  very  much  resembles  that  of  a 
well-torrefied  cocoanut.  It  is  wholly  soluble  in 
water;  and  its  taste  —  which  is  at  first  sweet  like 
liquorice  —  sometimes  becomes  astringent.  It  is 
on  account  of  its  astringent  properties  that  it  has 
been  prescribed  in  chronic  bronchitis,  haemo- 
ptysis, diarrhoea,  leucorrhoea,  uterine  hemorrhage, 
&g.  It  has  been  applied  locally,  in  the  form  of 
ointment,  (Mones.  p.  1,  Adipis,  p.  vij). 

The  dose  of  Monesia  is  from  12  to  40  grains  a 
dav. 

MONEYWORT,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 


MONGOLIAN 


monster 


MONGO'LIAN.  Anthr  ivetbentme 

t  \  ariety  of  the  human  g] 
part  of  the  north  of  Asia,  in 
China,  India,  Thibet,  the  Moluccas,  4c.     The  in- 

-  composing  it  have  the  .-kin  of  a  brown 
■head  flat,  nose  broad,  chocks  prominent, 
and  li  "    "  '  lomo. 

MONGREL.  Hybrid. 
M'MIM.IKS.  Omasum. 

1S.M.    Munis'  in  im  ;     from     povm,    'unity.' 
T  trine,  which  declares;  matter  and  mind  to 

be  identical. 

K  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS.    A 
practitioners  of  whom   Frere  Cosme  and 
ieu  in  France,  and  Pravetz  in  Ger- 
many, were  the  most  distinguished. 

MONKSHOOD,  Aconitum — m.  Common,  Aco- 
nitum  napellus — m.  Salutary.  Aconitum  anthora 
— m.  Wild,  Aconitum  uncinatum. 

MONNI'NA    POLYSTA'CHIA.     A    beautiful 

S<»uth    American    plant.      Nat.   Ord.   PolygaleSB. 

r.    Diadelphia  Octandria,     The  hark  of 

;  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  much  used 

ith  America  in  diseases  of  the  bowels. 

MONNYPLIES,  Omasum. 

iOBLEP'SIS,    from     motion,    and    /jAedi?. 
An  affection  in  which  vision  is  confused, 
t.  and  indistinct,  when  both  eves  arc  em- 
ploye.1  :  but  perfect  or  nearly  so,  when  cither  eye 
-   d  singly. 

'  .V..    from    mouoa,  and    /caprroj, 

'fruit.'     A  division  of  cutaneous  affections,  of  t'oe 

of    Eezematosen,  of  Fuchs,  which  in- 

'  -V'lr.ieia,  and  ecthyma. 

MONOCEPH'ALUS,  from  mono*,  and  KcpaU, 

impound  monsterbaving  two  bodies 

with  a  single  head. 

m,  Rectum. 
MONOCRA'NUS,  from  mono*,  and  Kpavov,  Kpa- 
cranium.'     A    monster  with    one  cranium, 
but  with  the  face  in  part  double. — Gurlt. 
MON  i  'ULUM,  C«cum. 

MONOC  CLUS,     Mou'ocJe,     Monophthal'mw*, 

I  hoc' ii In*,    from    mono*,    and   oculiix, 

•an    eye'       A    bandage    employed    to    maintain 

topical  applications  over  one  of  the   eyes.     This 

ed   by  some  Mir^omis  Simplex  oeJu- 

made  of  a  roller  three  or 

four    ells    long,  rolled    into  a  single    bail.       See 

MONODIPLO'PIA,  from  itzUvs,  'double/  and 

■  vision  with  one  eye. 
MONOEMERON,  Monemeron. 
MONOG  ^S'TRIC,  \fonoya*'t,icna,  from  mono*, 
nnd  yacrrip,  'stomach.'      That  which  lias  hut  one 
ii.     .Man   i-  monot/n*tric  :  ruminating  ani- 
on the  contrary,  are  polyqaatric. 
MONOGENY.  see  G  meration. 

RAPH,  MED'ICAL,  MonograpK'ia 
'.  from  mono*,  and  ypaipr),  '  description.' 
profeiao  treatise  on  a  Bingle  class  of  dis- 

MONOHEMEROX.  Monemeron. 

iO.M  VCHON,  Cajcum. 
MONOM  \<TM.  C«cum. 
MONOMANIA,  see    Melancholy —  m.   Homi- 

llomicidal  insanity — m.  Incendiary.  Pyro- 

IfONOMA  NIAC,  M   mi'aen*,  (F.I   Mono- 

mmniaqne,    from    mono*,    and     uawia, 
One  who  labours  under  monomania,  or 
v  on  one  subject. 
MO  VO  VAXrE,   Melancholy—  si.    Homicide, 
phial  insan 
IMM  ^TOS. 

M0N0M0R1  \.  Melancholy. 

MONOMPHALUS,  from  mono*,  and  op*a\o<;, 

!.'     A  monster  produced  by  the  anion  of 

two  bodies  Laving  a  common  umbilicus.     Such  a 


double  monster  !a  called  by  I.  G.  St.  Hilairo 
Monompkn' tin    .     1  .      ;     nompkalien, 

MONOPAG1  \,  Clavus  hystericus,  He  mi  crania. 

MONOP'ATHY,  Momopathi'a,  from  mono*, 
and    TuOoi,    '  disord  :e    in    which    one 

organ  or  function  is  disordered.     Applied  I 
lancboly  or  monomania;    which  is  said  to  be  a 
monopathie  affection. 

MONOPEGIA,  Clams  hystericus.  Hemierania. 

MONOPHTHALMUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

MONOPL  '  nplaa'ticni,  from  mono*, 

and  rrXucro-o).  '  I  form.'  That  which  has  one  form. 
A  monopteutie  element,  in  histology  is  one  which 
retains  its  primary  form. — Gerber. 

MONOPODIA,  Sympodia, 

M0N0P8,  Cycl 

MONOPSIA,  Cyclopia. 

MONOPUS,  Symmeles. 

MONOR'CHIS,  (F.j  Bfonorehide,  from  mono*, 
and  »PX*S*  0/'\"T"f>  'testicle.'  One  who  ha.-  only 
one  testicle. 

MONOS  .  one  alone  ;  as" in 

MONOS'CELUS,  from  mono*,  and  cki'Xus,  'a 
leg.1     One  1 

M0N09ITIA,  from  mono*,  anil  «r»j, 'food,' 
'repast.'  The  habit  of  taking  only  one  meal  in 
the  day. 

MONOSO'MIAN,(F.)  ilonoeomien,  from  mono*, 
and  o^na,  'a  body.'  An  epithet  applied  to  a 
double  monster,  which  seems,  in  the  first  instance, 
to  have  had  but  one  body. 

MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA,  (mono*,  and 
rpnzo<;,  'a  turn,'  the  solitary  flower  turned  I 
side,)  Indian  ]>>'/■>'.  Feeplant,  Pipe-plant, 
mot.  Fit  root.  OnL  Ericaceae.  An  indigenous 
plant,  whose  juice,  mixed  with  water,  has  been 
extolled  by  the  Indians  in  ophthalmia.  The  dried 
root  in  powder  has  been  given  in  epilepsy  and 
nervous  diseases. 

MONS  VEN'ERIS,  3 f on  tic' ulna  I" 
('Mount  of  Venus,')  Ephebe'um,  (F.)  Mont  dc 
Venn*,  Penil,  Mottc,  Eminence  *a*-pnbienne.  The 
I  more  or  less  projecting  eminence,  situate  at  the 
base  of  the  hypogastrinm,  above  the  vulva  and 
in  front  of  the  os  pubis.  At  the  period  of  puberty 
it  becomes  covered  with  hair,  formerly  called 
I'rta. 

MONSO'NIA  OVA'TA,  Keita,  of  the  Hotten- 
tot-. A  plant  of  the  A*"/.  Ord.  Geraniaceas,  which 
grows  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  and 
herb  are  very  astringent,  and  are  used  success- 
fully in  dysentery. 

MONSTER,  Mon*trntn,  ('anything  strange.') 
J  Porten'tum,  Tuns,  /',/„,-,  Pelo'ria,  Pelo'rium,  /'<- 
lo'ftim,  (F.)  Monatre.  Any  organized  being,  hav- 
ing an  extraordinary  vice  of  conformation,  or  a 
preternatural  perversion  of  every  part,  or  of  cer- 
tain parts  only. 

The  following  classification  embraces  the  main 
varieties    of   malformations — Vitia    prima 
formation**. — 1.   Those  in  which  certain  parts  of 
the  normal  body  are  absent  or  defective — monatra 
defieientia,  constituting   Eetrog"eny   (Sen 
Mon*tro*ity  by  defect,     I  ou  Monetrn- 

■    d<  fant,  Agt  tMi .    -.  Those  produ 
fusion  or  coalition  of  organs  —  eoalitio  partiun, 
eymphyei*.      '.'>.   Those,  in   which   part-,   united   in 
the  normal  state,  are  separated  from  each  other — 
cleft*,  fltture*.     I.  Those  in  which  normal  open- 
ings are  occluded  —  atre*ia,     5,  Those  bj 
or  in  which  certain  parts  have  a  disproportionate 
I  size  —  monttra  abandon tia,  Mon*tro*,ity  by 
I'.      Monai  ■    -  "'■'    par    «■•>'■.    Hypergtm 
Those,  in  which  one  or   more   parts   have   an   nh- 
normal  position — aitn*  mutatn*.     7.  Those  affect- 
ing the  sexual  organs — hermaphroditiam ;   and 
to   these    "true    malformations"   \  adds    ■v;. 

Diseases  "f  the  foetus,  and  abnormal  states  of  its 
•  envcl 


MONSTERS 


602 


MORBUS 


Among'fc  the  numerous  hypotheses  entertained 
on  the  origin  or  cause  of  monsters,  or  of  monstro- 
sity— teratosis,  monstros'itas,  (F.)  monstruosite,  as 
the  state  has  been  called  —  three  only  are  worth 
mentioning.  They  have  been  attributed,  1.  To 
the  influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
foetus  in  utero.  2.  To  accidental  changes,  expe- 
rienced by  the  foetus  at  some  period  of  its  uterine 
existence  :  and  3.  To  a  primitive  defect  in  the 
germs.  The  second  seems  to  be  the  only  one 
that  is  philosophical. 

As  a  medico-legal  question,  monsters,  if  capable 
of  action  as  individuals,  have  the  same  rights  as 
other  persons. 

MONSTERS.  COMPOUND,  see  Umtaire—m. 

Double,  see  Diplogenesis — m.  Triplet,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTRA  ABUNDANTIA,   see    Monster  — 

m.  Deficientia,  see  Monster  —  m.  Trigemina,  see 

Triplet — m.  Triplica,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTRE,  Monster  —  m.  Compose,  see  Uni- 
taire — m.  Unit  aire,  see  Unit  aire. 
MONSTROSITAS,  see  Monster. 
MONSTROSITY,  see  Monster— m.  by  Defect, 
see  Monster — m.  by  Excess,  see  Monster. 
MONSTRUM,  Monster. 

MONSTRUOSITE,  see  Monster  —  m.  par 
Defaut,  see  Monster — m.  par  Exres,  see  Monster. 
MONT  DE  VENUS,  Mons  Veneris. 
MONTBRISON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Montbrison  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loire,  fifteen  leagues  from  Lyons. 
There  are  three  cold  springs  here,  which  are 
highly  acidulous,  and  used  as  refrigerants  and 
aperients. 

MONT-DE-MARSAN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Mont-de-Marsan  is  a  small  French  town, 
10  leagues  from  Dax :  where  there  is  a  chalybeate 
spring,  somewhat  frequented. 

MONT-D'OR.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mont-d'Or  is  a  village  seven  leagues  from  Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-D6me,)  at  which  are  several  mine- 
ral springs,  cold  and  thermal.  Those  of  the 
Fountain  La  Madelaine,  and  of  the  Great  Bath, 
are  thermal,  temp.  112°  Fahr.,  and  contains  car- 
bonic acid,  subcarbonate  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  alumine  and  oxide  of  iron.  Those  of 
St.  Margaret  are  cold,  and  contain  much  carbonic 
acid. 

MONTECATPNI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Buggiano,  in 
Tuscany.  The  springs  are  thermal;  ranging  from 
78°  to  118°  Fahrenheit. 

MONTHLY  COURSES,  Menses— m.  Illness, 
see  Menses — m.  Periods,  Menses. 

MONTICULUS  CEREBELLI,  see  Vermiform 
processes  of  the  Cerebellum  —  m.  Veneris,  Mons 
veneris. 

MONTPELL'IER,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  seat 
of  a  celebrated  medical  school  in  the  S.  E.  of 
France  was  at  one  time  renowned  for  its  climate, 
and  especially  in  regard  to  its  adaptation  to  con- 
sumptive cases.  This  is  now  exploded,  and  it  is 
at  present  esteemed  an  unfit  residence  for  them. 
The  climate  possesses  the  general  characters  of 
that  of  south-eastern  France — being  dry,  hot,  and 
irritating;  subject  to  frequent  vicissitudes,  and 
especially  to  blasts  of  keen,  cold,  northerly  winds. 
It  is,  indeed,  most  injurious  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases. 

MOON,  Luna,  Sele'ne,  Mene,  Sax.  Mona,  (G.) 
Mond,  (F.)  Lnne.  The  moon  has  been  supposed 
to  exert  considerable  influence  over  the  human 
body,  in  health  and  disease.  Such  influence  has 
been  grossly  exaggerated.  Not  many  years  ago, 
it  would  have  been  heretical  to  doubt  the  exacer- 
bation of  mania  at  the  full  of  the  moon  ;  yet  it 
is  now  satisfactorily  shown,  that  if  the  light  be 


excluded  at  this  period,  the  lunatic  is  not  excited 
more  than  ordinarilv. 
MOONED.  Lunatic. 
MOONSTRUCK,  Lunatic. 
MOONCALF.  Mole. 
MOORBERRY,  Vaccinium  oxvcoccos. 
MOORGRASS,  Potentilla  anserina. 
MOORSHEAD.  Alembic. 
MOOR  WORT,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Andromeda 
mariana. 

MOOSEWOOD,  Dirca  palustris. 
MOPHETA.  see  Mephitism. 
MORBEUX,  Morbid. 
MORBI,  see  Morbus — m.  Acquisiti,  Acquired 
diseases  —  m.  Acuti,  see  Acute  —  m.  Adventirii, 
Acquired  diseases — m.  Anniversarii,  Annual  dis- 
eases— m.  Annui,  Annual  diseases — m.  Asthenic^ 
Adynamia? — ■  m.  Celati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Chronici,  Chronic  diseases  —  m.  Cognati.  Innate 
diseases  —  m.  Complicati,  see  Complication,  Iui- 
pliciti  morbi — m.  Congenita,  Innate  diseases — m. 
Connati,  Connate  diseases  —  m.  Connexi,  Con- 
junct morbi — m.  Consequentes,  Conjunct!  morbi 
— m.  Constrictorii,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Denna- 
todes,  see  Dermatoid — m.  Dispersi,  Sporadic  dis- 
eases—  m.  Dissimulati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Epicteti,  Acquired  diseases  —  m.  Evolutionis,  see 
Development — m.  Hereditaria  Hereditary  dis- 
eases —  m.  Homoedri,  see  Hotnoedrus  —  m.  Infi-' 
tiati,  Feigned  diseases — m.  Interni,  Internal  dis- 
eases— m.  Melancholici,  see  Mercurial — m.  Mer- 
curiales,  see  Mercurial  —  m.  Nervosi,  Nervous 
diseases — m.  Occulti,  see  Latent  —  m.  Olfactus, 
Osmonosi  —  m.  Perplexi.  see  Complication  —  m. 
Pseudalei,  Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Recidiva,  Re- 
lapse—  m.  Recursus,  P'alindromia  —  m.  Sexuales, 
see  Sexual  —  m.  Sexus,  Genonusi  —  m.  Siinulati, 
Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Sparsi,  Sporadic  disease? 
— m.  Spasmotici.  see  Spasmoticus — in.  Subacute, 
see  Acute  —  m.  Tactus,  Haphonosi  —  m.  Tropici, 
Troponusi. 

MORBID,  Mor'bidw,  Morbo'sus.  Patlic,  Path'- 
ical,  Path'icns,(Y.)  Jforbeu.c,  Morbi  de ;  from  moH 
bus,  'a  disease.'    Diseased,  or  relating  to  disease. 

Moubio  Axatomy,  see  Anatomv. 

MORBIF'IC,  Morbific,,*,  (F.)  Morbifiqnet 
from  morbus,  'a  disease.'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
Causing  or  producing  disease  —  as  morbific  ema- 
nations. 

MORBTLITY.  Disease. 

MO R B TL L E UX,  Morbillou s. 

MORBILLI,  Rubeola  — m.  Confluentes,  Scar- 
latina— m.  Ignei,  Scarlatina. 

MORBILLOSUS,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLOUS,  MorbiUo'sus,  Measly,  (T.) 
Iforbilleux,  from  morbilli,  'rubeola  or  measles.' 
Affected  or  connected  with  measles. 

MORBOSUS.  Sickly. 

MORBULENT,  Sickly. 

MORBUS,  Disease,  see  Morbi  —  m.  Ampul- 
laceous,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Anglicus,  Phthisis.  Ra- 
chitis—  m.  Aphrodisius.  Syphilis  —  m.  Arena tus, 
Icterus  —  m.  Arietis,  Influenza — m.  Arquatus, 
Icterus — m.  Articularis,  Gout — m.  Astralis,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Attonitus,  Apoplexy — m.  a.  Celsi.  Cata- 
lepsy—  m.  Brightii,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of 
the  —  m.  Bullosus,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Caduous, 
Epilepsy  —  m.  Caeruleus,  Cyanopathy —  m.  Cal- 
culi, Lithia — no.  Cardiacus,  Cardialgia  — in.  Ca- 
tarrhalis,  Influenza  —  m.  Catoxys,  see  Catoxys  — 
m.  Cerealis,  Ergotism  —  m.  Cerebrnlis  Whyttii, 
Hydrocephalus  Internus  —  in.  Cirrhoruni,  Plir;i 
— m.  Coeliacus,  Coeliac  flux  —  m.  Comitialis,  Epi- 
lepsy—  in.  Cordis,  Cardionosus  —  m.  Costalis, 
Pleuritis  —  m.  Coxarius,  Coxarum  morbus  —  m. 
Croatus,  Scherlievo  —  m.  Cucullaris,  Pertussis — • 
m.  Cucullus,  Pertus-is  —  m.  Cystophlegmaticus, 
Cystirrhoea — m.  Daemoniacus,  Epilepsy — m.  Da?- 
monius,   Epilepsy  —  m.  Deificus,   Epilepsy  —  m. 


MOR  CEA  U  DU  D I ABLE 


G03 


MnROTROPlilU.U 


Diesolutus,  Dysentery — m.  Divinus,  Epilepsy — 
in.  Doininorum,  Gout —  in.  Endemiua,  Endemic 
— in.  Epidemicus,  Epidemy — m.  Epidemicus  i:ut- 
turi<  Foresti,  Scarlatina — 111.  Eruditoruin,  Hypo- 
chondriasis    in.  Extrinsi 

in.  Farciuiinosus,  see  Equinia  —  in.  Febrilis,  Pyre- 
- — in.    Fellifluus,   Cholera  —  in.   Flatuosus, 

liondriasis — in.  Fliiinini.ii.-i-,  Scherlievo — 
in!  1  "  lus,   Epilepsy — m.  Frigidus,  Atrophy — m. 

:-.  Syphilis  —  in.  Gestieulatorius,  Chorea- 
IB.  Granulosus  rL'iiuin.  Kidney,  Bright'a  disease 
Qf  the — in.  Gravis,  see  Serious  —  m.  Haemorrhoi- 

llieniorrhois  —  in.  Heracleus,  Epilepsy — in. 
Berculeus,  Epilepsy— in.  Hispanicus,  Syphilis — 
in.  Hydrophobics,  Hydrophobia — in.  Hypochon- 
driacus,  Hypochondriasis  — in.  Hystericus,  Hys- 
teria—  m.  Idiopathicus,  [diopathia — in.  Indicus, 
Byphilis — in.  Interlunis,  Epilepsy — in.  Ischiadi- 
eus,  Neuralgia  feinoro-poplitaja — in.  Italicus, 
Syphili.—  in.  Jecinoris,  Hepatitis — in.  Lascivus, 
in.  Lati  ralis,  Pleuritis — in.  Lazari,  Ele- 
phantiasis—  in.  Leseoli,  Icterus  —  in.  Lunaticus, 

sy  —  in.  Luteolus,  Icterus  — m.  Maculosus 
hsemorrhagicus  Werlhofii,  Purpura  bmmorrhagi- 
ca  —  in.  Magnus,  Epilepsy  —  in.  .Major,  Epilepsy 
— in.  Mensalis,  Epilepsy  —  in.  .Mercurial:  -. 
ma  mercuriale,  Hydrargyriasis —  in.  Metallicus, 
Colic,  metallic  —  in.  Mucosus,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal —  in.  Nauticus,  Nausea  marina  —  ni. 

itanus,  Syphilis — m.  Niger,  Melaena — in. 
Originalis,   Idiopathia  —  in.   GDsopbagi,  GEsopha- 

lia  —  in.  Oryzeus,    Cholera  —  in.   Pallidus, 

sis — in.  Pancoenus,  Pandemic — in.  Parthe- 
nius,  Chlorosis  —  in.  Pandemius,  Pandemic  —  in. 
Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis  —  m.  Peracutus,  see  Ca- 
in. Phceniceus,  Elephantiasis — m.  Pilaris, 
Trichiasis  —  in.  Pleuriticus,  Pleuritis  —  m.  Plum- 

Lead-poisoning — m.  Porcinus,  Essera  —  m. 
Popularis,  Epilepsy — m.  Primarius,  Idiopathia  — 
m.  Proprius,  Idiopathia — m.  Protopathicus,  Idio- 
pathia—  in.   Proteiformis,  see  Proteiformis  —  m. 

:us,  Lumbar  abscess  —  m.  Publicus,  Epi- 
demy—  m.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Pulicularis, 
Typhus  gravior —  in.  Pustulosus  Finnicus,  see 
Anthrax — m.  Recidivus,  Relapse — in.  Recidivus, 
Palindromia — in.  Regionalis,  Endemic  —  m.  Re- 
gius, Icterus — in.  Resiccatorius,  Hypochondriasis 

—  in.  Ructuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  in.  Ructuo- 

tation —  in.  Sacer,  Epilepsy — in.  Sal- 

-,  Chorea  —  in.  Sancti  Joannis,  Epilepsy — 

m.  Sancti  Valentini,  Epilepsy — in.  Scarlatinosus, 

tina   -m.  Scelestus,  Epilepsy — rm  Scrophu- 

Scrofiila —  in.  Secundarius,   Deuteropathia 

—  in.  Seleniacus,   Epilepsy  —  m.  Sideratus,   Epi- 

Raphania  —  in.   Simplex, 

■  athia  —  in.  Solstitialis,  Coup-di  -Suit  1/ — in. 

is,   Epilepsy  —  in.   Spasmodicus    malignua 

seu   popularis,    Raphania  — m.    Strangulatorius, 

rachealis  —  m.  Sudatorius,  Sudor  An- 

glicus — m.    Truculentus    infantum,    Cynanche 

dis  —  in.  Tuberculosus.  see  Tubercle  and 

Tubercular    cachexia  —  ra.     Ungaricus,     Fever, 

»aric  —  in.  Verminosus,    Helminthiasis  —  m. 

Vernaculus,  Endemic — m.  Vervecinus,  Influenza 

—  in.    Vesicularis,     Pemphigus  —  in.    Virgineus, 

-i<  —  in.  Viridellus,   Epilepsy  —  in.  Vitrio- 
latus,     Epilepsy  —  in.    Vocis,     Phononosus  —  m. 
.  Alopecia. 
MORCEAU  DU  VIABLE,  see  Tuba  Fallo- 

Tulia  Fallopiana. 
MORCEL  I  E  i//:.V  T    V.  .  'Dividing  into 
adopted  by  M.  Maisonnem  e  for 
removing  successfully  a  large  fibrous  tumour  of 

the    i 

M  IRCHELL'A   ESCULEN'TA,  Phallus  ue*. 

len'tuM,   Helvell'a    esculen'ta,   Fungus   fagino'sus, 

■a    iforell,    I  F.)    Morilh 

\  fungus,  which   is   esteemed   a 

luxury,  entering  into  r  I  other  dishes, 


<»r  cooked  itself  between  slice-  of  beeon.     It  has 
nsidi  red  to  be  aphrodisiac. 

MOR'DICANT,  if  or' di  earn;  Color  mor'dicans, 
from  mordeo,  "I  l>itc.'     A  morbid  heat,  ci 
a  disagreeable  pungent  sensation  in  the  lingers 
of  the  physician. 

MORDD  ES,  T<  etb  :  set  Tooth. 

MOREA,  Morns  nigra. 

MOR  ELL,  co.M.Mo.n,  M, ,i,l, ,11..  esculent*. 

MOSELLE,   r„. Ictus  e.-citlentiis  —  m.  <)  Fruit 
. anuin  —  m.  Fmrieuse,  Atropa  belladonna 

— m.  t  ii  Qrappei,   Phytolacca  decainira  —  Hi.  Grim* 

pant*,  Solan um  dulcamara. 

MORET  \KH  M.  .Mortar. 
MORE'TUM.     A  kind  of  salad,  with  the  an- 
cient Romans,  made  of  garlic,  parsley,  vinegar, 

MORE'TUS,  from   morvm,  Mho  mulberry.' 

Ancient  name  of  a  cordial  julep,  into  the  compo- 
sition of  which  the  syrup  of  mulberries  ent<  red. 
— Schroder. 

MORQAQN'I,  HUMOUR  OF,  Humor  Bfor- 
gagnia'nus,  (F.)  Humeur  </c  Morgagni.  A  pecu- 
liar, transparent,  slightly-viscid  fluid,  found  be- 
tween the  crystalline  and  its  capsule. 

if  ORG E LINE,  Alsine  media. 

MORGUE  (F.).  A  dead-house,  in  France, 
wherein  persons,  found  dead,  are  exposed  with 
the  view  of  being  recognised  by  their  friends  — 
X<  crocomi'um,  Keerodochi'um,  Necros'toa. 

.MORI   SUCCUS,  see  Moms  nigra. 

MORIA,  Idiotism — in.  Demens,  Idiotism,  De- 
mentia—  m.  Demens  lerema,  see  Dementia  —  m. 
Imbecilis  amnesia,  Amnesia. 

MORIBUND.  Psychorages. 

H  OR  ILL  E,  Morchella  esculenta. 

MORINGA  APTERA,  sec  Guilandino  mo- 
ringa —  m.  Nux  Ben,  Guilaiidina  moringa  —  in. 
Oleifera.Guilandina  moringa — m.  Pterygospermn, 
Ouilandina  moringa  —  in.  Zeylanica,  Guilandina 
moringa. 

MORION,  Genital  organ.  Penis. 

MORIOPLAS'TICE,  Chintr'gia  curto'nim  sen 
Anaplas'tiea,  Restitutio  organ' ica  sen  par'tinm 
deperditu'rutH,  Transplant  a' tio,  Antoplns'tt 
rur'gia  plas'tica,  Anaplastic  Surgery,  Antoplas'ty, 
Autoplastic  or  Plastic  Surgery,  from  fiopiov,  'a 
part,'  and  rXaartKos,  'forming.'  The  restoration 
of  lost  parts.  The  operations  for  this  purpose 
have  various  names,  according  to  the  part  con- 
cerned, as  Cheiloplastiee,  Oeratoplastice,  Rhino- 
plastice,  &c. 

MORNING  GLORY,  BLUE.  Convolvulus  nil. 

M"RO,  from  mnnun,  'a  mulberry:' — Mornm, 
(F.)  Mure.  A  small  ahseess  resembling  a  mul- 
berry. A  small  tumour,  of  a  similar  appearance, 
particularly  on  the  genital  organs  after  impure 
coition. 

MOROCH'THUS,  Moroch'tus,  iforoehi'tes,  3fe- 
mchi'tes,  Meroc'tes,  Galax'ia,  Leucograph'ia,  1.1 
Pierre  au  lait,  Milk  stone.  An  Egyptian  stone, 
used  by  the  ancients  as  an  application  to  the  in- 
tertrigo of  children  :  probably  a  variety  of  fuller's 

earth,  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  have  been  u.-ed 
l,v  fullers. 

MOROCHITES,  Moroohtbus. 

M0R0CHT1  3,  Moroohtbus. 

MOROCOMIUM,  Morotropbium. 

MORODOCHIUM,  Morotropbium. 

M0R08IS,  Fatuitas,  Idiotism. 

MOROSITA'TES,  (moro'sus,  'morose,'  'peev- 
ish,' 'fretful,')  from  fjnoptn,  and  puutoaK,,  'stupi- 
dity.' A  generic  name  given  by  Linnaeus  to  an 
order  of  VesanisB,  in  which  he  included  pica, 
bulimia,  polydipsia,  antipathia,  nostalgia,  pano- 
phohia,  satyriasis,  nymphomania,  tarentismus, 
and  hydrophobia. 

MOROTROPH'IUM,    Morooomi'um,   iforodo- 


MORPIIJEA 


04 


MORTALITY 


chi'um,  Manicocomi'um,  from  txwpo*;,  'fatuous,'  and 
Tpo<pt],  'support.'  An  insane  establishment,  lunatic 
asylum,  mad-house,  Bedlam,  (F.)  Ilopital  des  funs, 
Maison  petite. 

MORPHEA.  Morphew  —  m.  Alba,  Lepra  al- 
phoides — m.  Nigra,  Lepra  nigricans. 

MORPHEME,  Morphew. 

MORPHEW,  Morphea,  (F.)  Morphee.  A  term 
vaguely  applied  to  scurfy  eruptions  on  the  face. 
Marphoen  was  formerly  applied  to  squamous  dis- 
eases in  general. 

MORPHIA!  Morphina  — m.  Acetate  of,  Mor- 
phine acetas  —  m.  and  Zinc,  double  iodide  of, 
Zinc  and  Morphia,  double  iodide  of — m.  Citrate 
of,  see  Morphina  —  m.  Muriate  of.  see  Morphina 
■ — in.  Sulphate  of,  Morphine  sulphas. 

MORPHLE  ACETAS.  Morphine  acetas— m. 
Citras.  see  Morphine  sulphas  —  m.  Murias,  see 
Morphine  sulphas  —  m.  Sulphas,  Morphine  sul- 
phas. 

MOR'PHICA,  from  uop4>v,  'shape.'  Monstro- 
sities of  birth.'  The  3d  order,  class  Typhica  of 
Good. 

MORPHI'XA,  Mor'phia,  Mor'phium,  Mor- 
phi' ne,  Morphine,  from  Mop^evs,  Morpheus,  the 
'god  of  sleep.'  A  solid,  colourless  alkali;  erys- 
tallizable  in  beautiful  pyramids,  truncated  and 
transparent;  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  slightly  so 
in  boiling  water.  It  exists,  combined  with  me- 
conic  acid,  in  opium.  It  may  be  obtained  by 
decomposing,  by  means  of  ammonia  or  calcined 
magnesia,  an  aqueous  solution  of  opium  made  in 
the  cold. 

The  following  is  the  process  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  Opium,  sliced,  tbj  ;  distilled  icater,  alcohol, 
animal  charcoal,  each  a  sufficient  quantity;  solu- 
tion of  ammonia,  f.^vj.  Macerate  the  opium 
with  four  pints  of  distilled  water  for  2-t  hours, 
and  having  worked  it  with  the  hand,  digest  for 
24  hours,  and  strain.  Macerate  the  residue  twice 
successively  with  distilled  water,  and  strain.  Mix 
the  infusions:  evaporate  to  six  pints,  and  filter; 
then  add  first  five  pints  of  alcohol,  and  afterwards 
three  fluidounces  of  the  solution  of  ammonia, 
previously  mixed  with  half  a  pint  of  alcohol. 
After  24  hours,  pour  in  the  remainder  of  the 
solution  of  ammonia,  mixed  as  before  with  half 
a  pint  of  alcohol;  and  set  the  liquor  aside  for  24 
hours,  that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  these, 
boil  them  with  two  pints  of  alcohol  till  they  are 
dissolved  ;  filter  the  solution,  while  hot,  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize. 

Morphia  dissolves  perfectly  in  the  acids,  which 
it  saturates  ;  and  with  which  it  forms  very  crys- 
tallizable  salts,  with  the  exception  of  the  acetate. 
All  these  salts  have  a  bitter  taste,  and  act  upon 
the  animal  economy  in  the  same  manner  as 
opium,  but  more  powerfully.  The  acetate  is  the 
salt  commonly  employed  in  medicine.  It  was,  at 
one  time,  supposed  that  Morphia  is  the  purely 
sedative  part  of  opium,  divested  of  its  irritating 
properties;  but  experience  has  not  confirmed 
this.  On  the  contrary,  it  will  generally  disagree 
where  opium  does.  Dose  of  morphia,  £  to  f  of 
a  grain. 

MOBPHI'HJB  ACE'TAS,  Mor'phia  Acetas,  Mor'- 
phium  ace'tioun,  Ac"etate  of  Morphine,  Acetate 
of  Morphia.  A  salt  formed  by  saturating  mor- 
phia with  acetic  acid.  {Morphia,  in  powder,  freed 
from  narcotina  by  boiling  with  sulphuric  ether, 
3J  :  distilled  icater,  Oss  :  acetic  acid,  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Mix  the  morphia  with  the  water:  then 
carefully  drop  in  the  acid,  constantly  stirring 
until  the  morphia  is  saturated  and  dissolved. 
Evaporate  the  solution  in  a  water-bath  to  the 
consistence  of  syrup.  Lastly,  dry  the  acetate 
■with  a  gentle  heat  and  rub  it  into  powder. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Dose,  from  J  of  a  grain  to  half  a  grain. 


MoRPm'x/D  Sulphas,  Mor'phi.*:  Sulphas, 
Sulphate  of  Morphia.  A  salt,  formed  by  satu- 
rating morphia  with  sulphuric  acid,  evaporating, 
and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same  as  of  the 
acetate. 

Muriate,  and  Citrate  of  Morphia,  Morphia  ci- 
tras, have  likewise  been  used;  but  they  | 
no  advantages  over  the  other  salts.  The  sulphate 
and  muriate  are  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  The 
muriate — Mor'phue  Mu'rias — is  directed  to  be 
prepared  as  follows.  (Morphia,  in  pulv.,  §jj 
Aqua  destillata,  Oss  ;  Acid,  muriat.  q.  s.  Mix 
the  morphia  with  the  water;  carefully  drop  in 
the  acid,  till  the  morphia  is  saturated  and  dis- 
I  solved.  Evaporate  and  crystallize.)  One-sixth 
of  a  grain  is  equal  to  a  grain  of  opium. 

MORPHIUM,  Morphina  — m.  Aceticum,  Mor- 
phine acetas. 

MORPHOLOG"ICAL,  Morpholog"icus,  from 
liopQij,  'shape,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  That 
which  has  relation  to  the  anatomical  conforma- 
tion of  parts.  Applied,  at  times,  to  the  altera- 
tions in  the  form  of  the  several  parts  of  the  em- 
bryo, in  contradistinction  to  histological,  which 
is  applied  to  the  transformation  by  which  the 
tissues  are  gradually  generated.  In  comparative 
anatomy,  it  is  applied  to  the  history  of  the  mo- 
difications of  forms,  which  the  same  organ  under- 
goes in  different  animals. 

MORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy. 

MORPHOL'YSIS.  from  /xop^r,,  'shape,'  and 
Adcis,  'solution.'  Destruction  of  organization. 
An  agent,  that  occasions  such  destruction,  is 
called  a  morpholyt'ic. 

MORPHOLYTIC,  see  Morpholysis. 

MORPHOX'OMY,  Morphonom'ia:  from  itopcpn, 
'shape,'  and  vofioi,  a  law.'  The  laws  of  organic 
formation.  The  department  of  anatomical  sci- 
ence which  teaches  the  laws  of  organic  configu- 
ration. 

MORPHOTOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

MORPIO,  see  Pediculus. 

M  OR  PI  OX,  Crab-louse,  see  Pediculus. 

MORRHUA  AMERICANA,  see  Oleum  jecoria 
aselli. 

MORS,  Death — m.  Apparens,  Asphyxia  —  m. 
Putativa,  Asphyxia — m.  Repentina,  Demotivus 
lapsus — m.  du  Pliable,  Scabiosa  succisa. 

MORSELLUS.  Tabella. 

MORSULI  ANTIMONIALES,  Tabelle  anti- 
moniales  Kunckelii  —  m.  Stibii,  Tabelle  antimo- 
niales  Kunckelii. 

MORSULUS,  Tabella. 

MORSURE,  Degmos. 

MORSUS,  Degmos — m.  Diaboli.  Scabiosa  suc- 
cisa. see  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  m.  Galline,  Alsine 
media — m.  Stomachi,  Cardialgia — m.  Yentriculi, 
Cardial  si  a. 

MORT.  Adeps. 

MORT.  Dead,  Death — m.  Apparente,  Asphyxia 
—  m.  du  Chien,  Cholera  —  in.  aux  Chiens,  Colchi- 
i  cum  autumnale — m.  NS,  Still-born — ;/i.  aux  Pun- 
'  theres.  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

MORTA.  Pemphigus. 

MORTAL.  Morta'fis,  from  mors,  mortis,  'death.' 

[  Letha'lis,  Leta'lis,  Thanato'des,  Thanas'imus,  (F.) 

\Mortel.     That  which  is  subject  to  death:  —  that 

!  which  causes  death:  —  as.  man  is  mortal;  a  dis- 

j  ease  is  mortal.     Of  old,  it  was  the  custom  to  have 

a   division    of  mortal   or   deadly  wounds,  which 

gave  rise  to  many  errors  in  medico-legal  investi- 

!  tions,  as  the  mortality  of  wounds  depends  upon 

'  various  circumstances  ;  and  it  is  often  a  matter 

of  extreme  difficulty  to  pronounce  whether  or  not 

a  wound  is  necessarily  mortal. 

MORTAL'ITY,  Mortal'itas,  Lethal'itas,  Letal'- 

itas,  (F.)  Mortalite.     Same  etymon.     This  word, 

']  taken  in  an  extended  sense,  expresses  the  condi- 

||  tion  of  all  organized  bodies, — of  being  subject  to 


M  0  R  T  A  R 


MOSQUITO 


|  -ation  of  life.     In  the  sense  in  which  it  is 

equently  employed,  it  signifies, — the  pro- 
il  quantity  of  individuals)  who,  in 
t;mi  population,  die  in  a  given  time.     It*  we  M- 
funii'  the  population  of  the  earth  to  he  one  thou- 
ijpad   millions,   and  a  generation  to  last  thirty- 
years;  in  that  space  of  time  the  one  thou- 
i  illions  must  all  die,  and,  consequently,  the 
number  of  deaths  will  be,  by  approximation, 

Bach  year 30,000,000 

Karl,  day  82,109 

Each  hour 

Bach  minute 57 

ih  second 1  nearly. 

■:  the  other  hand,  as  has  been  supposed, 
the  number  of  deaths  is  to  that  of  the  births  as 
i  WKLVB  :  there  will  be  born, 

Each  year 36,000,000 

Bach  day 

Each  hour 

Each  minute 

ih  second 1  <fc  2-15ths. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  mor- 
tality of  the   Pays  du  Vaud,  is  1  in   49;  of  Swe- 
den and  Holland,  I  in  48;  of  Russia,  1  in  41  j  of 
•.  1  in  -ll»:   of  Austria.  1  in   38;   of  Pruss ia 
Naples,  I  in  33  to  35;  of  England,  I  in  45; 
and   of  South   America,  1  in  ."»0.      The  same  rate 
of  mortality  has  been  given  to  the  United  States 
ns  to   Fiance:    but    the   statistical    details  on  all 
this  matter  have  been  inadequate,  and — it  is  not 
ptprobable — inaccurate.    The  following  has  been 
given    as    the  annual   mortality   of   some  of   the 
chief  cities  of  this  country  and  Europe:  (See  the 
author's    Human    Health,   p.   101  :    Philadelphia, 
Philadelphia.  1   in  45*68;  Glasgow,  1   in 
44:   Manchester,  1  in  44;  Geneva,  1  in  43;  Bos- 
ton. ]  in  41-2ti:  Baltimore,  1  in  41  ;  London,  1  in 
rk,  1  in  37*83  ;   St.  Petersburg,  1  in 
.  irleston,    1  in  36*50  :    Leghorn,   1   in  35  : 
Berlin.  1  in    34;    Paris,    Lyons,   Strasburg,  and 
1    in   32  :   Nice  and   Palermo,  1  in  31  ; 
i.  1  in   29;   Naples.  1    in  28;  Brussels,  1  in 
me,  1   in  25;    Amsterdam,  1  in  24;  and 
Vienna,  1  in  22J. 

In  the  cities,  the  mortality  under  two  years  of 
us  a  large  ratio.     This  is  exhibited  by  the 
following  table  : 

Ages.  London.  Philad.  Baltimore. 

Under    1      year,)  9_    .  227  24*11 

From      1  to      2,  J  **  oz  8-6  8*55 

2  to      5,  9*97  7-3  11.18 

5  to    10,  4*33  4*  5* 

10  to    20,  4*03  5*  6-3 

20  to    30,  604  12*  9  -7 

30  to    40,  8-08  12*  10*58 

40  to    50,  8*89  10*  8*88 

50  to    60,  8*89  72  5-78 

66  to    70,  9-15  5*  4-5 

7o  to    80,  7*83  :•.■.")  3* 

80  to    90,  3-18  l-'.i  1*67 

00  to  100,  0-40  u-.">  0*26 

100  to  120,         009    ")  n  .. 

HO  to  120,         0*013  J  U'1S 

aid  not  be  proper  to  regard  the  value  of 
Hjr  in  different  countries,  or  in  different  periods 
in  the  same  country,  to  be  indicated  by  the  ave- 

irtality  ;  inasmuch  as  in  one  i 
mortality  may  occur  amongst   children,   and   in 
another  amongst  adults. 

M.irv.    Bills    op,    /:">■>    of  Nttrol'ogy, 
h    Mortality, 
■  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting 
♦he  number  of  deaths,  Ac.,  in  a  given  time.  Well- 
kept  bills  of  mortality  an  ••  to  the  phy- 
.  imist     Those  of  London 


were  proverbial  for  their  inaccuracy  and  in- 
sufficiency; especially  as  regards  the  complaints 
ol  whieh  the  persons  have  died.  They  were  for- 
merly made  out  by  the  parish  clerks,  and  the  in- 
formation wai  to  them  by  two  old  wo- 
men,   who    were    appointed    in    each    parish,   and 

ailed  Searcher* j  —  their  duty  being 
that  the  deceased  had  died  a  natural  death.    This 

miserable  system  has,  however,  been  abolished  ; 

and  the  Registrar* General's  annual  reports  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  exhibit  how  admi- 
rably vital  statistics  are  now  collected  in  Great 
Britain. 

MORTAR,  iforta'n'um,  tforeta'rium,  Marto'- 
riiDii,  Ptto,  Ac'oni',  I'ila,  Holmotf  hjde,  Igdut, 
(F.)  Mortier.  A  vessel  for  reducing  to  | 
different  solid  rrabstanees,  and  for  making  certain 
mixtures.  Various  substances  are  employed  in 
the  construction  of  mortars; — iron,  marble,  glass, 
WOOd   ware,  A  0. 

MORTARIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

MORTEL,  Mortal. 

MORTIER.  .Mortar. 

MORTIFER,  Lethiferous. 

MORTIFICATJO,  Mortification  —  m.  Pulrao- 
nnm,  Necropneumonia. 

MORTIFICATION,  Mortifica'tio,  Necro'rit, 
Sphacelation,  from  mom,  mortia,  'death,'  and  fin, 
'I  become.'  The  loss  of  vitality  in  a  part  of  the 
body.  The  incipient  stage  of  mortification,  when 
the  case  is  still  recoverable,  is  called  Gangrene; 
when  totally  destroyed.  Sphacelus.  Mortification 
of  a  bone  is  called  Necrosis. 

Mortification,  Cold,  Sphacelus  —  m.  Ergot, 
Ergotism  —  m.  Hot,  Gangrene  —  m.  Mildew,  Er- 
gotism. 

MORTOOTH,  Cupri  Bulphas. 

MORTUARY  REGISTERS,  Mortality,  bills 
of. 

MORTUUS,  Dead. 

MORUM,  Bee  Morns  nigra  —  m.  Palpebrae  in- 
terna*, Trachoma  carunculosum. 

MORI'S    NIGRA,    J/,    lacinia'ta,    if nl' berry 

Tree,     More' a,     Syn  )iti'  nott,     (F.)      Muriir      Noir. 

Oril.  Urticacesa.  The  fruit  of  the  mulberry  tree, 
Morum,  \io,'Ov,  Sycami'num,  (F.)  Mure,  is  plea- 
sant, sweet,  subacid,  and  abounds  with  a  deep 
violet-coloured  juice,  Mori  smccm  (Ph.  L.).  A 
syrup  is  directed  in  the  London  Pharmacopoeia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  regarded  as  an 
anthelmintic. 

MORES  RUBRA,  Red  Mulberry,  Wild  Mul- 
berry; indigenous.  The  root  has  been  used  to 
destroy  taenia. 

MOR  VE,  Mucus,  Nasal  mucus;  see  Equinia — 
m.  Farcin  cute,  see  Equinia. 

MOS,    Habit. 

Mos  Morbi  Brsine'wus  sen  Malio'hus.    The 

benign,  or  malignant  character  of  a  disease. 

MOSCHARDI'NA,  Mtueer'da,  from  ftoaXos, 
•musk.'  A  losenge  for  the  mouth,  composed  of 
mnsk,  ambergris,  and  other  aremat 

MOSCHELJE'ON,  Motcolm'a.  A  compound 
aromatic  oil,  containing  musk. 

-Most  HIS.  Musk— m.  Arabum.  Hihis.-us  abel- 
moschus — m.  Factitious,  Musk,  artificial. 

M08COLvfiA,  Moschelesoo, 

M08LICH,  Maslaeh. 

MOSQUITA,  see  Mosquito. 

MOSQUI'TO  (8.),  Diminutive  of  (S.)  mo**, 
'a  fly.'  Miuquito.  A  very  troublesome  insect  in 
warm,  moist  situations.  Curtains,  called  Moaquito 
curtain*  or  batrt,  are  used  by  way  of  protection. 
The  entrance  of  mosqnitos  into  the  bedohamber 

may   also    be    prevented,    to   a    certain    extent,    bv 

keeping  the  doors  and  windows  elosed  until  the 
ligfati  are  extingnisbed.    The  pain  si  d  itching 

from    tb«    bites    are   alleviated    by    washing    them 

with  hartshorn. 


MOSS   BERRY 


606 


MOUTH 


Mosqttta  ia  a  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese, 
to  small,  red  pimples  on  the  skin,  resembling  the 
bites  of  the  mosquito. 

-MOSS  BERRY.  Vaccinium  oxycoceos —  m. 
Ceylon,  Fueua  amylaceus — m.  Club,  Lycopodium 
— tn.  Cup,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Edible,  Fucus 
amylaceus —  in.  Haircap,  Polytriehum  Juniperi- 
liuin — m.  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Irish, 
Fucus  crispus — m.  Jaffna,  Fucus  amylaceus — m. 
Marine,  Fucus  amylaceus  —  in.  Pearl,  Chondrus 
crispus  —  m.  Wall,  common  yellow,  Parmelia 
pari  e  tin  a, 

MOTA,  Fagus  castanea. 

MOTAMEN,  Motion. 

MOTATIO,  Motion. 

MOTE.  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTEUR,  Motory. 

MOTHER,  Hysteria,  Phlegm. 

MOTHER'S  MARKS,  Naavus—m.  Spots, 
Naevus. 

MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca,  Matri- 
caria. 

MOTIL'ITY,  Motil'itas,  from  motus,  'move- 
ment.' (F.)  Motility  Motricite.  Faculty  of 
moving:  moving  power  ;  contractility. 

MOTION,  Motus,  Mo'tio,  Mota'tio,  Mota'men, 
Commo'tio,  Permo'tio,  (movere,  motum,  'to  move.') 
Cine'*)'*,  Movement,  (F.)  Mnuvement.  The  act  of 
changing  place.  The  various  motions  may  be 
divided  into, — First,  the  voluntary  or  those  that 
are  executed  under  the  influence  of  the  brain. 
Secondly,  the  involuntary,  which  may  be  subdi- 
vided into,  1.  The  excited,  of  the  reflex  function 
of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  and  others, — as  the  closure 
of  the  larynx  on  the  contact  of  acrid  vapours,  of 
the  pharynx  on  that  of  the  food,  —  a  function  of 
the  spinal  marrow;  and,  2.  Those  that  are  exe- 
cuted under  the  organic  and  other  nerves  of  in- 
voluntary function.  It  is  probable,  too,  that 
every  living  tissue  is  capable  of  moving  respon- 
sive to  its  appropriate  irritant.     See  Irritability. 

Motion,  Ciliary,  see  Cilia  —  m.  Involuntary, 
see  Automatic  —  m.  Vibratory,  see  Ciliary  —  in. 
Voluntary.  Autocinesis. 

MOTIVE,  Motory. 

MOTOR.  Motory". 

Motor  Oculi  Exter'nus,  Nervus  tim'idns, 
(F.)  Nerf  oculo-musculaire  exteme  (Ch.),  Nerf 
moteur  oculaire  extent e.  Sixth  pair  of  nerves, 
arises  from  the  furrow  which  separates  the  pons 
Varolii  from  the  medulla  oblongata.  It  enters 
the  cavernous  sinus;  anastomoses  on  the  outside 
of  the  carotid  artery  with  two  filaments  furnished 
by  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  ;  enters  the  or- 
bit by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  is  lost  on  the 
rectus  externus  oculi.  This  pair  is,  also,  called 
Abdnceutes, 

Moto'rrs  Oculo'rttjt,  Molo'rii  Oculorum,  Octt- 
la'res  commit' ties,  OphthaVmici  exter'ni,  Common 
Oculo-muscidar  Nerves,  (F.)  Xerfs  nintetirs  ocu- 
Iriirea  communs  (Ch.).  The  third  pair  of  nerves, 
Par  ter'tinm.  This  nerve  arises  from  a  depres- 
sion at  the  inner  side  of  the  peduncles  of  the 
brain,  between  the  tuber  annulare  and  corpora 
mammillaria.  It  enters  the  outer  part  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  and  passes  into  the  orbitar 
cavity.  Behind  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  it  divides 
into  two  branches  ;  the  one  superior  and  the  other 
inferior.  The  former  is  lost  on  the  rectus  supe- 
rior oculi  and  the  levator  palpebrae  superioris; 
the  latter — the  larger  of  the  two  —  divides  into 
three  branches,  which  pass  to  the  rectus  intemus, 
rectus  inferior,  and  lesser  oblique.  The  last  fur- 
nishes a  filament,  which  passes  to  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion. 

MO TORIAL.  Motory. 

MOTOR PATTIY.  Kinesipathy. 

MO'TORY,  Motive.  Motor,  Moto'rial,  Matrix, 
Kinet'ic  or  Cinet'ic,  (F.)  Moteur.     Same  etymon. 


That  which  moves  or  causes  movement,  as  motor 
nerves,  in  contradistinction  to  sensory. 

MOTOP,  Linteum,  Tent. 

MOTO'SIS,  fioroi,  'lint.'  The  application  of 
lint  to  a  wound. 

MOTRICITE,  Motility. 

MOTRIX.  Motory. 

MOTTE,  Mons  veneris. 

MOTUM,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTUS,  Motion  —  in.  Assimilationis,  Plastic 
force — m.  Autoinaticus,  see  Automatic — in.  <'<>!n- 
pressorius,  Peristole — m.  Cordis  diastalticus,  dia- 
stole— m.  Haemorrhoidalis,  Hgemorrhois — m.  In- 
testinorum,  Borborygmus — m.  Involuntarius,  see 
Autocinesis — m.  Peristal ticus,  Peristole — m.  Tes- 
tudineus,  Peristole — m.  Vermicularis,  Peristole — 
m.  Voluntarius,  Autocinesis. 

MOV  CHE,  Cantharis  —  m.  d'Espaync,  Can- 
tharis. 

MOUCHER  L'ACTIOX  DE.  Munctio. 

M OUCHES,  see  Pains,  labour—  m.  Yolantes, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

MOUCHETURE,  see  Scarification. 

MOUCHOIR    EX   TRIANGLE,   Couvrechef, 

see  Randeau. 

MOVFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOULD,  Fontanella. 

MO  CLE.  Mvtilus  edulis. 

MOVLEVR,  Muller. 

MOULTING,  Desquamation. 

MOUNTAIN  ASH,  Sorbus  acuparia— m.  Ash, 
i  American,  Sorbus  Americana  —  m.  Sickness, 
!l  Puna. 

MOUREILLER,  Malpighia  mourella. 

M OUR  ON  DES  OISEAUX,  Alsine  media— 
I  m.  Rouge,  Anagallis. 

MOUSE-EAR,  Alsine  media,  Hieracium  pilo- 
sella. 

MOUSE-SIGHT.  Mvopia. 

MOUSSE  DE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— wi.  d'Islande,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  d'  Irhmde, 
Fucus  crispus — iw.  Marine  perlee,  Lichen  Island- 
icus— m.  Perlee.  Fucus  crispus. 

MOUSSEROX,  see  Agaric. 

MOUSSEUX,  Frothy. 

MO  US  TA  CHE,  My s  tax. 

MOUT  HE  LA  R1ERE,  Wort. 

MOUTARDE,  Sinapis  —  m.  des  AUemandi, 
Cochlearia  armoracia — m.  des  Moines,  Cochlearia 
armoracia. 

MOUTH,  Sax.  mu«,  Os,  Cavum  Oris,  Stoma, 
Gab,  (Sc.)  Mow,  (Prov.)  Gob,  (F.)  Eonche.  This 
word  sometimes  signifies  the  cavity  situate  be- 
tween the  jaws,  and  containing  the  tongue,  &c; 
— at  others,  the  outer  orifice  of  that  cavity.  The 
mouth,  in  the  first  acceptation,  Cav'itas  seu  Spn'- 
tiutn  Oris,  is  the  cavity  ;  bounded,  above,  by  the 
palatine  arch;  beloxc,  by  the  tongue;  before,  by 
the  lips;  and  behind,  by  the  velum  palati  and 
pharynx.  The  sides  of  the  mouth  and  the  or- 
gans it  contains  are  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane. 
The  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth  is,  sometimes, 
called  facial — the  posterior,  2>hnryt>?jeal.  In  the 
mouth  are  the  teeth,  gums,  alveolar  margins, 
tongue;  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary 
glands,  and  those  of  a  number  of  mucous  follicles, 
&c.  It  is  in  this  cavity  that  the  food  is  cut,  torn, 
or  bruised  by  the  teeth ;  is  impregnated  with 
saliva,  and  formed  into  a  mass  or  bohm,  which  is 
then  subjected  to  the  act  of  deglutition.  The 
mouth  contains  the  organs  of  taste  ;  and  it  serves 
in  respiration,  articulation,  expectoration,  suc- 
tion, &c. 

The  condition  of  the  mouth  requires  to  be  at- 
tended to  in  Semeiidof/y.  The  state  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  like  that  of  the  tongue,  indicates 
the  condition  of  the  membrane  of  the  alimentary 
canal  generally. 


MOW  EM  EXT 


0  0  7 


M  r<  RO 


M  ■  i.  "-.  IperrVra,  Orifie"inm,  Bia'tne, 
Peristo'mium,  is,  also,  applied  to  the  open  extre- 
mities of  vessels  or  other  canals. 

Moo  hi  Root,  <'<>ptis. 

Moi  i  ii.  Sore,  Aphtha. 

Mouth  Watering,  see  Salivation, 

MOV  VEMENT,  Motion — s*,  Ptrietattique,  see 

MOVEMENT,  Motion— m.  Cure,  Kineaipathy. 

MOW,  Mouth. 

MOXA,   Moxibu'rium.     A  word  by  which  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese  designate  a  cottony  sub- 
.  which  they  prepare  by  beating  the  dried 
f  the  Artemisia  moxa,  —  a  kiinl  of  mug- 
wort.     With  tins  down  they  form  a  eone,  which 
1  upon  the  part  intended  to  be  cauterized, 
ami  is  Bel  fire  to  at  the  top.     The  heal  and  pain 
gradually  increase,  in  proportion  as  the  combus- 
tion   i  roceeds    downwards,    until   ultimately   an 
asobar   may   be   formed.     In    Europe   and    this 
country,  the  same  operation  is  usually  practised 
with  a  cylinder  of  cotton- wool,  or  with  one  formed 
from   the  pith  of  the  greater  sun -flower.     This 
Hode  of  cauterisation  is  employed  as  a  powerful 
counter-irritant:  which  it  assuredly  is.     Slough- 
ing may  be  in  some  measure  prevented,  according 
ron  Larrey,  by  the  application  of  liquid  am- 
monia to  the  burnt  part. 

The  term  moxa  1ms  been  extended  to  any  sub- 
stance, which  by  gradual  combustion  on  or  near 
the  skin  is  employed  as  a  counter-irritant,  —  as 
'ri'r  or  galvanic  moxa  or  cautery,  in  which 
Voltaic  electricity  is  employed  as  the  cauterizing 
agent. 

MOXIBURIUM,  Moxa. 

MOXLBUS'TION,  Moxibue'tio,  Moxocau'eie, 
£ncau'eis.  Mule  of  cauterization  by  means  of 
■box  a, 

MOXOCAUSIS,  Moxibustion. 

MOXON'S  EFFERVESCING  MAGNESIA, 
c,.,.  \\  ignesia,  effervescing,  Moxon's. 

MUCAGO,  Liquor  sanguinis,  Mucilage. 

MUCARUM,  Mueharum. 

MDCCINIUM,  Mucilage. 

MUCEDO,  Mucilage. 

MUCHA'RUM,  Muea'mm.  A  barbarous  term, 
fonnerlv  used  for  an  aqueous  infusion  of  roses, 
Sweetened,  and  evaporated  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup. 

MUCIFIC,  Blennogenous. 

MU'CIFORM,   Mueiform'ie,   Myxo>de$,    Blen- 
■  9,    BlennoV  deue,    from    mucue, 
and  forma,  'form.'     Resembling  mucus  in  cha- 
racter or  appearance. 

Ml  'CTLAGE,  Mudla'gOf  Muca'goj  Muee'do, 
Muccin'ium,  from  the  Lat.  mucus,  —  itself  pre- 
sumed to  be  from  mungere,  muuetum,  'to  wipe  the 
A  mixture  of  gum  and  a  small  quantity 
sf  matter  analogous  to  mucus,  which  is  found  in 
abundance  in  linseed,  quince-seed,  4c.  It  is  ob- 
tain d  by  heating  in  water  the  parts,  or  pro- 
ducts, of  plants  which  contain  it.  It  is  much 
tsed  in  the  preparation  of  emollient  cataplasms 
and  the  greater  pari  of  the  demulcent  tinuuen, 
Hydrolis,  Hydrolites. 

Mucilage,  si  e  Liquor  sanguini — m.  Adragant, 
Mucilago    astragali   tragacanthse —  »>.  <l>-  gum  me 
mi.,  Mucilago  astragali  tragacanthte  —  m. 
de  gomme  Arabique,  Mucilago  acaciffi. 

Mi  i  MAf-.i:,  Animal,  Mucus. 

MUCILAOE  ARABIQUE,  Mucilago  i 
— m.  of  Barley,  Mucilago  bordei — m.  of  Quinoe- 
itum  cydonise  —  m.  of  Riee,  sec  Orysa 
—  m.  of  Sassafras   Pith,   Infusum    sassafras   me- 
dullss. 

Mucilage,  STARCH,  Mucilago  amyli. 


MUCILAOTNEUX,  Mucilaginous, 

Ml  CILAG"IN01  3,   .'/  Gnmmo'- 

tu$,  Qummio'dee,  Oummido'des,  \  P.)  Mucilagineux. 

Gummy.     ResembKng   gum.     That    which    pos- 

i(  M    -  the  character  of  mini i  . 

MUCILAGO,  Mucilage,  Mucilago  Aca< 

novia. 

Mucilago  A<  i'cls,    If.  Acacia  Aral ' 
Oummi    AraJb'ica,    Muciln'go,   Mistu'ra   Aca'cia, 
Mucilage  o/aca'cia  or  of  gum  Arabic,  (F.)  Muci- 
/■'■/■   Arabique  ou   de  gomme  Arabique.     (Acacia 


gum. 


contus.   t^i\  :    a'/,   bullient.   <  Is 


hui,  ti, 


gum  with  the  water  gradually  added.)  Demul- 
cent To  allay  COUgh  ;  but,  chiefly,  to  suspend 
insoluble  matters  in  water.  Ac. 

Mucilago  Am'vli,  Starch  mucilage,  Deeoc'tum 
Am'yli.  (Amyli,  Jiij  :  aqua,  <>j.  Rub  the  Btaroh 
with  the  waf.r  gradually  added;  then  h<,ii  till  it 
tonus  a  mucilage. — Ph.  L.J  Demulcent.  Gene- 
rally given  i"  r  luntm. 

Mucilago  Articuloruii  sen  Jurcturaruit, 
Synovia, 

Mucilago  Astrag'ali  Tragai  ir'tb\s,  Jf.  t>«- 
gacantha  (Ph.  U.  S.)  sen  gum  mi  tragacanthaa, 
Mucilage  of  tragacanth,  Mucilage  Adragant  ou 
de  '/'iiiinte  Adragante.  (Oummi  tragacanth.  3  j  ; 
aqua  bnllient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  24  hours;  tritu- 
rate till  the  gum  is  dissolved,  and  press  through 
linen.)     Used  for  pharmaceutical  purposi 

Mucilago  Cretica,  Misturse  cretie — m.  Gum- 
mi  Arabici,  M.  acacia1. 

Mucila'go  Hor'dei,  Mu'cilage  of  Barley. 
(Hordei,  5*?,  (avoirdupois)  Aqua,  fjjjxvi.  Tri- 
turate well;  and  boil.  Ph.  D.)  A  vehicle  for 
substances  given  in  enemata. 

Mucilago  Seminis  Cydorii  Mali.  Decoctum 
pydonia  —  m.  Gummi  tragacanthse,  M.  astragali 
tragacaBthse  —  m.  Tragacanthaa,  M.  astragali 
tragacanthse, 

MUCIN,  Mucus. 

MUCIPAROUS.  Mucip'arn;  (F.)  Mucipare, 
from  mucin*,  and j?ario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Mucous- 
producing:   as  muciparous  glands  or  follicles. 

MUCI'TIS,  Mycodermi'tie,  from  mucus,  and 
itie,  denoting  inflammation.  A  term,  badly  formed, 
for  inflammation  of  a  mucous  memhrane. 

MUCKSWEAT,  Desudatio. 

MUCOCE'LE,  Hernia  eacei  laeryma'lie,  from 
mucue,  and  kiiXv,  'rupture.'     An  enlargement  or 

protrusion  of  the  mucous  memhrane  of  the  lachry- 
mal  passages,  giving   occasion  to  fistula   laery- 
malis.     Also,  dropsy  of  the  lacrimal  sac. 
MUCO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

MUCO-PU'RULENT,  Muco-purulen'tue,  Pyo- 

hleu'nicus,  from  mucus,  and  pus.  Having  the 
character  or  appearance  of  munis  and  pus. 

MUCOR,  Euros,  Mucus — m.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

MUCOSIN,  see  Muous. 

Mi'«  OSITAS,  Mucosity,  Mucus. 

MUCOS'ITY,    Mncoe'itas,    (V.)    MucosiU.     A 

fluid,  which  resembles  mucus,  or  contains  a  cer- 
tain quantity  of  it. 

Ml  C0U8,  Muco'lits,  (F.)  tfuquenx.  An  epi- 
thet for  all  bodies  containing  mucilage  or  mucu*. 
It  is,  also,  sometimes  used  synonymously 
gummy.  In  pathology,  it  is  occasionally  em- 
ployed to  express  the  Mat  of  a  disease,  a-  Silicons 
,  mucous  phlegmasia  ;  that  is,  having  its 
scat  in  a  mucous  membrane. 

Mi  cos  Corpi  -'Ms.  see  Mucus  —  m.   I 
see    Taehe   embryonnaire  —  m.    Membrani 
Membranes  —  m.  Web,  Corpus  mucosum. 

MICRO,  Apex. 


MUCRONATA   CARTILAGO       6  08 


MULSUM 


MncRO  sou  Cor'yphe  seu  Fundus  seu  Vertex 
Con/in.     The  apex  or  point  of  the  heart. 

MaCRO  Humeri,  Acromion. 

MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO,  Xiphoid  car- 
tilage. 

MUCRONATUM  OS,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

MU'CULENT, Muculen'tu8,tmmmueu8.  Slimy, 
viscid. 

MUCUNA,  see  Dnlichos  pruriens  —  m.  Pru- 
riens,  Dolichos  pruriens  —  m.  Prurita,  see  Do- 
lichos  pruriens. 

MUCUS,  Mucor,  Muco'sus  humor,  Mueoa'itan, 
Myxa,  Mycus,  Lape,  Pitui'ta,  Blenna,  Zoomy' - 
cus,  Zoomyx'a,  Pit'uite,  Animal  mucus,  Animal 
mucilage,  (F.)  Jluqueux  animal,  Morve,  Mucilage 
animal,  presumed  to  be  from  mnngere,  'to  wipe 
the  nose/  A  substance,  analogous  to  vegetable 
mucilage;  from  which,  however,  it  differs,  by 
affording  subcarbonate  of  ammonia  on  distilla- 
tion. Mucus  exudes  through  the  skin,  in  a  state 
of  combination  with  a  peculiar  oily  matter;  and, 
drying,  forms  the  epidermis.  It  constitutes,  in 
part,  the  different  epidermeous  productions,  as 
the  hair,  nails,  wool,  and  horn  of  animals,  feathers 
of  birds,  and  scales  of  fish.  It  is  found  at  the 
surface  of  the  mueous  membranes,  and  presents 
some  difference  in  its  composition  and  properties, 
according  to  the  particular  mucous  membrane 
from  which  it  is  obtained.  Its  chief  organic  con- 
stituent is  an  albuminoid  compound, — mucin,  mu- 
cosin.  Mucus  preserves  the  membranes  moist, 
and  in  a  state  best  fitted  for  the  performance  of 
their  functions.  The  French  give  the  term  glaire 
to  the  thick,  stringy  mucus,  secreted  by  the  mu- 
cous membranes  when  in  a  state  of  disease. 


When  mucus  is  examined  with  the  microscope 
it  is  found  to  contain  numerous  epithelial  scales 
or  flattened  cells  ;  together  with  round,  granular 
bodies,  commonly  termed  mucous  corpuscles  or 
mucous  globules,  which  are  contained  in  a  fluid 
portion — liquor  muci.  * 

Mucus  Carpiiodes,  see  Carphodes — m.  Ca- 
tharticus,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — m.  Nariuin,  Nasal  mucus. 

MUD-APPLE  PLANT,  Solanum  melongena. 

MUDAR,  ifadar.    The  Calotropia  mudnrii  seu 

madarii,  C.  gigante'a,  Ascle'ptias  gigante'a,  Mn. 
do'rius.  Ord.  Asclepiadaceae.  In  the  Hindoo 
practice  of  physic,  the  bark  of  the  root,  as  well 
as  the  concrete  juice  of  the  plant,  enters  into 
various  compound  formulae  for  the  cure  of  ele- 
phantiasis and  many  other  disorders.  Experi- 
ments instituted  by  Dr.  Duncan,  Jr.,  exhibit  its 
properties  to  be  like  those  of  ipecacuanha.  Mixed 
with  oil  it  is  used  in  gout  in  Malabar. 

MUDGE'S  INHALER,  see  Inhaler. 

MUDLICK,  see  Kentucky,  Mineral  waters  of. 

MUGUET,  Aphthae,  Convallaria  maialis  —  m. 
des  Bois,  Asperula  odorata — m.  de  Mai,  Convai- 
laria  maialis. 

MUGWORT,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

MULATRE,  Mulatto. 

MULATTO,  (F.)  Muldtre,  (S.)  Mulata.  An 
individual  of  the  human  species  engendered  of  a 
white  and  black  race;  from  nudus,  'a  mule.' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  of 
white  blood  in  the  various  castes,  —  arising  from 
the  hybridous  admixture  of  white  and  black, — 
according  to  the  principles  sanctioned  by  usage. 


OFFSPRING. 


Negro  and  White Mulatto,  „ 

White  and  Mulatto, Terceron 

,T  ,  ,,  ,    , .  f  Griffo,  Griff,  or  Zambo,  ) 

Negro  and  Mulatto, ]  -ui     1    t,  >  

°  '  (or  Black  Terceron,      J 

White  a-nd  Terceron,.... Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 

Negro  and  Terceron Black  Quarteron  or  Quadroon 

White  and  Quarteron 


DEGREE  OF  MIXTURE. 


1-2 

3-4 

1-4 

7-8 
1-8 

Quinteron 15-16 

Negro  and  Black  Quarteron, Black  Quinteron 1-16 


White, 


1-2 

1-4 

3-4 

1-8 

7-8 

1-16 

15-16 


Black. 


The  last  two  were  considered  to  be  respectively 
white  and  black,  in  the  British  West  India 
Islands ;  and  the  former,  prior  to  modern 
changes,  were  white  by  law,  and  consequently 
free.     See  Half-caste. 

Mulatto  Jack,  Fever,  yellow. 

MULBERRY  CALCULUS,  see  Calculi,  uri- 
nary. 

Mul'berry  Mass.  The  mulberry-like  appear- 
ance, presented  by  the  embryo,  at  a  very  early 
stage,  when  the  different  cells  have  drawn  around 
them  a  portion  of  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 

Mulberry  Rash,  see  Typhus — m.  Red,  Morus 
rubra  —  m.  Tree,  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Wild,  Morus 
rubra. 

MULES  (P.),  Mala.     Chilblains  on  the  heels. 

ML1  LET,  Hybrid. 

MULGE'DIUM  ACUMINATUM,  {mulgere, 
mulsum,  '  to  milk,')  Lactu'ca  villo'sa,  Blue  Let- 
tuce;  and 

Mulge'dtum  Florida'num,  Lactu'ca  Florida'- 
iia,  Sonchxia  Florida' nus,  False  Lettuce;  indige- 
nous plants  ;  Order,  Compositae  ;  have  the  repu- 
tation of  curing  the  bites  of  rattlesnakes. 

MULIEBRIA,  Menses,  Vulva. 

MULIEBRITY,  Mulieritas. 


MULIEBROS'ITAS,  Phylogyn'ia,from  mulier, 
' a  woman,'  muliebris,  'appertaining  to  women.' 
Fondness  for  women.  Hence,  Muliebro'sus,  Mm 
liera'rius,  and  Muliero'sus ;  one  who  is  fond  of 
women. 

MULIEBROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIERARIUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIE'RITAS,  Mulieb'rity,  Womanhood,  from 
mulier,  '  a  woman.'  The  state  of  puberty  in  the 
female. 

MULIEROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIER  PLENA,  Pregnant. 

MULLED  WINE,  see  Wine. 

MULLEIN,  BLACK,  Verbascura  nigrum  —  m. 
Broad-leaved,  great,  Verbascum  nigrum  —  m. 
Yellow,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MULLER,  (F.)  Mouleur.  A  moulder.  A  stone 
held  in  the  hand,  with  which  any  powder  is 
ground  upon  a  horizontal  slab.  It  is  sometimes 
called  mullet,  (F.)  Mollette. 

MULLIGRUBS,  Tormina,  Colic. 

MULLIN,  Melizomum. 

MULOMEDICINA,  Veterinary  art. 

MULOMEDICUS,  see  Hippiater. 

MULSA  ACIDA,  Oxyglyeus. 

MULSUM,  Hydromeli — m.  Vinosum,  03nomeL 


MULTIFIDUS   SriN.E 


GOO 


MUSA 


MULTIFIDUS  SPINJ9,  Transversalis  dowi. 
MULTIFG3TA'TION,JfHfct/erta'tfo,  from  mul- 
uiv.'  and  foetus.     Pregnancy  with  more 
than  two  foetuses. 

MJJLTILOC'ULAR,  Multilocula'ris,  from  mul- 
tux,  'many,'  and  loculus,  'a  coll.'  Having  many 
colls  or  small  cavities. 

Ml l.TIMAM'M.E,  (F.)  Bfultimammes,  from 
inn/tit*,  'many,'  and  mamma,  'a  breast.'  A  variety 
of  hypergcnesis,  in  which  there  are  supernume- 
rary mammae. 

M  V  l.TI  V'.\  ROUS,  Multip'arHS,  (F.)  MuUipare, 
from  mult  us,  'many,' and  par  ire,  '  to  bring  forth.' 
One  that  brings  forth  several  young  at  the  same 
time.     Such  a  birth  is  called  plural, 

MIL  TIPLICATION  MERLSMATIQUE,  see 
Feneration. 

MULTITUDO,  Plethora. 
MULTIVORANTIA,  Polyphagia. 
MULTIVOROUS,  Polyphagous. 
MUMIA,  Mammy — in.  de  Medullis,  Marrow. 
MUMISATIO,  Mummification. 
MUMMIFICA'TION,  Mumisa'tio,  from  mum- 
my,   and  fio,   'to  be    made.'     Sceleteu'sis.      The 
mode  of  preparing  a  mammy. 

MUMMY,  Mumia,  Arab.  Mountya,  from  mum, 
'wax.'  Rebolea,  Rebona,  (F.)  Mamie.  A  dead 
led;  simply  dried,  or  dried  after  having  been 
embalmed.  The  latter  acceptation  is  the  most 
common.  Formerly,  the  Egyptian  mummy  was 
extolled  as  useful  in  contusions.  It  was  pre- 
sumed, also,  to  have  healing,  tonic,  and  resolvent 
properties.  It  is  now  only  regarded  as  an  archai- 
cal  onriosity. 

MUM. PS,  Cynanche  parotidea. 
MUNCHATOE,  Mystax. 

MUNC'TIO,  Apomex'1'1,  (F.)  V Action  de  mou- 
rJnr,  t r- •  m  mnngere,  munctum,  'to  blow  the  nose.' 
The  act  of  blowing  the  nose. 

MUNDIFICANTIA,  Detergents. 
MUNDIFEC  K T1VA,  Detergents. 
Ml'XD'TIA  SPIXO'SA.     A  plant  of  the  Nat. 
Ord.  Polygaleae,  which  grows  in  Southern  Africa, 
tmd  a   decoction   of  whose  branches    is    used    in 
atrophy,  phthisis,  Ac. 

MUNTGOS   RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza  mungos. 
MUNGREL.  Hybrid. 

MUNIMENTUM  CASTITATIS,  Hymen. 
MUQUEUX  ANIMAL,  Mucus. 
MUR,  see  Coryza. 

MURAL,  3 fur  a' lit,  from  muruB,  'a  wall.'    Ve- 
sical calculi  are  so  called,  when  rugous  and  co- 
vered   with     tubercles    or    asperities.      They    are 
Composed  of  oxalate  of  lime. 
MURE,  Moro,  see  Moros  nigra. 
MURFLES,  Ephelides,  Papulae. 
BHJ'RIA,  Halml,  Saln'ia'go,   Brine,  (F.)  San- 
mure,  (•a\fivni<;,  'salt  water.')     This  was  formerly 
nsed  as  a  glyster  in  dysentery,  in  certain  invete- 
&c. 
Mdria,  Soda,  muriate  of. 
MURIAS  AURICO-NATRICUM,  see  Gold. 
MVRIA  TE    D'AMMONIAQUE,    Ammonia' 
murias — m.  d'Ammoniaque  et  defer,  Fernini  am- 
BBoniatum — m.  d'Or,  Gold,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 
MTJRIAT'IC   ACID,  from  muria;   Ac"idum 
talis  geu  mart' Hum  coneentra'tum  seu  sails  culina'- 
u  talis  mari'ni,  Spir'itun  xulix  mari'ni  sen 
talis    Gluube'ri    Beu    tali*   ac"idut   sen  fumans, 
Aeidum   hydrochlur'icum  seu  mun'at'ieum,  Spirit 
"J  unit,  (V.)  Acide  hydrochlorique  ou  muriatique. 
An  aqueous  solution  of  cblorobydrio  acid  gas  of 
a  g.  lin.     The  odour  of  muriatic  acid  i<  sufio- 
eating:   taste  very  acid  and  caustic.     It  is  nearly 
39 


colourless  when  pure;  but  commonly  of  a  pnle 
yellow:  volatile;  the  fumes  risible.  Muriatic 
acid  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  antiseptic  proper- 
ties. It  is  nsed  in  typhus  ;  cutaneous  eruption.-  ; 
jdes  for  inflammatory  and  putrid  sore 
throats,  (gtt  xxx  to  fj|vj  of  water.)  Ac.  When 
added  to  a  pediluvium,  it  renders  it  stimulating. 

\i  hum  Mihiat'h  l  M  DlLU'TDH  of  the  Ph.  V- 
S.  contains  four  Auidounces  of  muriatic  acid,  to 
twelve  Bnidonnees  of  distilled  water. 

MURIDE,  Bromine. 

MORIER  NOIR,  Morus  nigra. 

MURIGENE,  Chlorine. 

MURINA,  Bromine. 

MURMUR,  (F.)  Murmur*.  A  word  existing 
both  in  the  Romanic  and  Teutonic  languages,  and 
probably  a  variety  of  onomatopoeia;  —  mur  mur 
expressing  the  kind  of  sound  which  the  word  in- 
dicates. A  low  continued  or  continuously  re- 
peated sound,  as  that  of  flame,  or  of  a  Blreain 
running  over  a  stony  bottom. 

Mi  k.mir  AuRIUM,  Tinnitus  Aurium  —  m.  In- 
testinale  seu  intestinorum  seu  Yentris,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

Mrmirn,  Rbs'pIBATORY.  (F.)  Bruit  respira- 
toire.  The  noise  heard  during  inspiration  and 
expiration,  especially  the  former.  It  is  produced 
by  the  passage  of  the  air  through  the  bronchial 
tubes  and  into  the  air-colls.  It  has  been  also 
called  murmur  of  the  expansion  of  the  lunge,  (F. ) 
Bruit  d? expansion  pulmonaire j  and,  when  dis- 
tinctly  vesicular,  Respiration  of  the  cells  or  r>  - 
sicular  respiration,  (F.)  Respiration  ou  murmnre 
visiculaire.  Vesicular  respiration  is  of  course 
absent  when  the  cells  of  the  lungs  have  been  ob- 
literated from  any  cause.  'We  may  then  have 
.  the  Respiration  nulls,  Absence  du  bruit  respira- 
toire,  Sih  uce,  and  Respiration  silencieuse  of  the 
French  writers. 

At  times,  it  is  rude  during  inspiration  or  expi- 
ration, or  both  —  the  Respiration  rude  or  R.  r&- 
pente  of  the  French.  At  others,  there  is  a  blow- 
ing sound,  (F.)  Souffle,  Respiration  sovfflante,  as 
if  some  one  were  blowing  into  the  auscultatory 
ear  through  a  tube.  This  is  heard  in  the  healthy 
state  over  the  larynx,  trachea,  (F.)  Souffle  tra- 
ehfal,  and  about  the  bifurcation  of  the  bronchia, 
(F.)  Souffle  bronchique;  but  when  ir  proceeds 
from  the  lungs  it  denotes  disease.  It  may  be 
tubular  or  diffused.  In  the  former,  the  whifflng 
murmurs  appear  to  occur  in  a  space  limited  to  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  part  examined. 
In  the  latter,  they  are  produced  with  but  mole- 
rate  intensity,  and  sometimes  at  a  distance  from 
the  ear.  over  a  tolerably  extended  space. 

The  respiration,  perceived  over  the  trachea  and 
bronchia  in  health,  is  called  tracheal  or  bronchial 
or  tubal,  (F.)   Respiration  bronchique,  Soi 
baire,  according  to   the    situation   in   which   it  is 
heard. 

Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit  placentaire  —  m. 
Utoro-placental,  Bruit  plaa  ntaire. 

Murmur,  Whipping,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

MURR,  Murrain,  from  A.  S.  mypphan.  'to 
destroy,'  or  from  (I,.)  mart,  '  to  die.'  |  P.)  '  'laveau, 
ClaveUe,  Pestilential  Fever,  An  epizootic,  per- 
haps contagions,  disease,  having  Borne  resemblance 
to  small-pox,  which  affects  cattle  —  especially 
sheep;  and  is  said  to  have  been  transferred  to 
man., 

MURRAIN,  see  Coryza. 

MURREN,  Coryza. 

MUSA,  M.  Paradisiaca  — m.  Cliffortiana,  M. 
Paradisiaca — m.  Mensaria,  M.  Paradisiaca. 

Ml  -v  Paradisi'aca,  Musa,  M.  Mensa'ria  seu 
Cliffortia'na,  Amusa,  Palma  hu'milis,  Ficus  In'- 


31 USC 


610 


MUSCLE 


dica,  Bata,  Plat' anus,  Plantain  tree.  Family, 
Musacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 
It  grows  in  many  parts  of  India  and  South 
America.  The  fruit,  which  is  largely  eaten  for 
liread,  consists  of  a  mealy  substance,  Plantain 
meal,  Conquin-tay.  It  is  clammy;  has  a  sweetish 
taste,  and  will  dissolve  in  the  mouth  without  chew- 
ing. The  whole  spike  of  fruit  often  weighs  forty 
or  fifty  pounds.  The  leaves  of  the  tree  serve  the 
Indians  for  tablecloths  and  napkins.  Being 
smooth  and  soft,  they  are  also  employed  as  dress- 
ings for  blisters.  The  water  from  the  soft  trunk 
is  astringent,  and  sometimes  used  in  diarrhoea. 

Musa  Sapien'tum.  The  Bana'na  tree,  Baco'- 
ba,  (F.)  Bananier,  Bacove.  This  differs  some- 
what from  the  last.  The  fruit,  Bana'na,  (S.) 
J'latano,  is  shorter,  straighter,  and  rounder;  the 
pulp  softer  and  of  a  more  luscious  taste.  When 
ripe,  it  is  very  agreeable;  it  is  eaten  like  the 
plantain,  and  relished  by  all  ranks  of  people  in 
the  West  Indies.  Both  varieties  are  natives  of 
Guinea. 

31  USC,  Musk. 

MUSCA  HISPANICA,  Cantharis. 

MUSCLE  ENTO- HYALOID,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Volitantes,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

3IUSCADE,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

3IUSCADIER,  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCERDA,  Moschardina. 

MUSCLE,  (old  Eng.)  Braion,  dins' cuius,  Torus, 
Lacer'tus,  3Iys,  My  on,  from  //t>j.  'a  mouse  or  rat;' 
because,  say  some  etymologists,  the  ancients  com- 
pared the  muscles  to  flayed  mice  or  rats.  Accord- 
ing to  Diemerbroeck,  Douglass,  Chaussier,  &c, 
fxvuv  comes  rather  from  jivuv,  '  to  close,'  '  to  move,' 
&c,  a  function  proper  to  muscles.  This  etymon 
is  the  more  probable.  Muscles  have  been  divided 
into  those  of  Animal  life  or  of  the  life  of  relation 
—  voluntary  muscles  —  which  execute  movements 
under  the  influence  of  the  will;  as  the  muscles 


of  the  limbs,  head,  trunk,  &c,  and  into  those  of 
organic  life — involuntary  muscles — which  contract 
under  the  influence  of  certain  special  stimuli;  as 
the  heart,  fleshy  fibres  of  the  stomach,  &c.  Mixed 
muscles  are  those  which  belong  partly  to  each  of 
these  divisions  ;  —  as  the  muscles  of  respiration; 
the  sphincters,  &c.  Muscles  that  act  in  oppo- 
sition to  each  other  are  called  antagonists  ;  thus, 
every  extensor  has  a  flexor  for  an  antagonist,  and 
conversely.  Muscles  that  concur  in  the  same 
action  are  termed  congenerous.  The  muscles 
present  numerous  varieties  in  form,  size,  situa- 
tion, use,  &c,  and  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  long,  broad,  and  short.  Each  of  these  divi- 
sions comprises  simjile  and  compound  muscles. 
Simple  or  rectilinear  muscles  have  all  their  fibres 
in  a  similar  direction,  and  only  one  body — as  the 
Sartorius,  Pronator  quadratus,  &c.  Compound 
muscles  are  those  which  have  only  one  belly  and 
several  tendons,  as  the  flexors  of  the  fingers  and 
toes;  or  several  bellies  and  several  tendons, — as 
the  biceps  flexor  cubiti,  sacro-lumbalis,  <fcc.  To 
the  compound  muscles  belong,  also,  the  radiated 
muscles.  Their  fibres  set  out  from  a  common 
centre,  and  are  arranged  like  the  radii  of  a  circle; 
—  such  are  the  diaphragm,  iliacus,  temporal,  &c. 
Pennated  or  Penniform  3fuscles.  Their  fibres 
are  arranged  in  two  rows,  which  are  united  at  a 
median  line,  at  greater  or  less  angles;  nearly  as 
the  feathers  are  inserted  into  a  quill.  The  pal 
maris  longus  is  one  of  these.  Semi-pen  inform 
muscles:  their  fibres  are  oblique,  as  in  the  last 
case;  but  they  are  inserted  only  on  one  side  of 
the  tendon.  Hollow  3fuscles  are, — the  heart,  in- 
testines, urinary  bladder,  &c. 

Much  difference  has  existed  in  the  enumera- 
tion of  muscles.  Some  authors  reckon  them  at 
upwards  of  400.  Chaussier  admits  only  368. 
The  greater  part  of  them  are  in  j^ctirs.  Very  few 
are  azygous. 


TABLE    OF   THE  MUSCLES,  ARRANGED  AFTER  THE  MANNER   OF   DR.  BARCLAY, 
ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  ACTIONS. 


THE    HEAD    IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Rectus  amicus  major, 
minor, 

Assisted  (when  the  lower  jaw  is 
fixed)  by 

Mylo-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyo-glossus, 
Digastrici. 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  "        minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior. 


To  either  side  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 

"        colli, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Complexus. 


THE   NECK   IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 

Sterno-mastoideus, 

Diirastricus, 

Mylo-hyoideus, 

Genio-hyoideus, 

Genio-hyo-glossus 

Ohio  hyoidei, 

Sterno-hyoidei, 

Thyro-hyoidei, 

Rectus  amicus  minor, 

Longus  colli. 


37 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Rhomboideus  minor, 
Serratus  posticus  superior, 
Splenius  capitis, 

colli, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Transversalis  colli, 
Inter-spin  ales  colli, 
Semi-spinales  colli, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  "        minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior, 
'«  "        inferior, 

Scaleni  postici, 
Levator  scapuUe. 


Laterally  by 

Various  combinations  of  those  mus- 
cles which  separately  move  it  for 
wards  and  backwards,  assisted  by 
the  scaleni.  intertrans-v  ^rsales,  and 
recti  laterales. 


MUSCLE 


r,i  i 


MUSCLE 


Forwards  by 

mums, 
P\  raiiinl.ilis. 

Obliquus  exierniis  abdominis, 
.-  iuiernus, 

ItfllUS, 

parvus, 

i  the  arms  are  carried 
forward*)  by 
ilis  major, 
minor, 
ignus. 


Till:    TIM  NK    IS    MOVED 

Backwards  by 

Trapezius. 
Rhomboideus  major, 

-  illlUI  i'iT-I. 

Berratui  posticus  superior, 

inferior, 
Sarrn-liimbalis, 
Longissimus  rlors], 
Spinules  dorsi, 
s ■■mi  spinal**!  dorsi, 
Multifidus  spioss, 

Inter«transversalea  dors]  et  lumbo- 
ruin. 


Laterally  by 

Obliquus  externus, 
iniernns, 
Quadra tu b  lumborusa, 
Longissimus  dnrst, 
Bai  m  lumbal  is, 
Berrati  postici, 
Latissiiuus  ilorsi. 


r'ls  by 

T  '     - 

-  apuls, 
Rbomboidei. 


TIIK    SCAPULA    IS    M0V1  l> 
Downwards  by  Fortrards  by 

Pectoralis  minor, 


Lower  part  of  trapezius 
Latissimus  dorsi, 

Pectoralis  minor. 


Berratus  magnus. 


Backwr.rds  ' y 

Tart  of  trapezius, 
Rhnmboidei, 
Latissimus  dorsi. 


THE    HUMERUS    IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by  Backicards  by 

Part  nf  deltoid,  Part  of  deltoid, 

Part  of  pectoral  is  major,  Teres  major, 
minor. 

Assisted   in    some    circum-  Long  head  of  triceps, 

stances  by  Latissimus  dorsi. 

Coraco-brachialia, 


Inwards  by 

Part  of  peclnralis  major, 
Latissimus  dursi. 


Potated  inwards  by 
Subscapulars, 

Assisted  occasionally  by 

Pecto rails  major. 

Latissimus  and  teres  ma- 
jor. 

Outwards  by 
Bupra-spinatua, 

Infraspinatus, 
Teres  minor. 


THE    FORE-ARM   IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Biceps, 

Braehialis  amicus, 
Pronator  teres, 

Assisted  by 
Flexor  carpi  radialis, 

"         siibliuns, 

"       ulnaris, 
Supinator  longus. 


Backwards  by 

Triceps, 
Anconeus. 


Rotated  inwards  by 

Pronator  teres, 
Flexor  carpi  radialis, 
Palmarig  longus, 

Flexor  sublimis, 
Pronator  quadratus, 

Outwards  by 
Biceps, 

Supinator  lirevis. 
Extensor   secundi    int 
nodii. 


THE    CARPUS    IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

irpi  radialis, 
ris  loneus, 
.  ilimis, 
■  irpi  ulnaris, 
profundus, 
■        longus  pollicis. 


Backwards  by 

Extensor    carpi     radialis 

longior, 
Extensor     carpi     radialis 

brevior. 
Extensor    secundi     intej- 

noiln. 
Indicator, 
Extensor  communis  diiri- 

toruui. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 


Outwards  by  Inwards  by 

Flexor  carpi  radialis.  Flexor  sublimit 
Extensor     carpi     radialis        "         carpi  ulnaris, 

longior,  "       profundus, 

Extensor     carpi     radialis  Extensor  communis  digi- 

brevlor,  torum. 

Extensor  oasis  metacarpi,  Extensor  minimi  diL'iti, 

Extensor  primi  internodii.  Extensor  carpi  ulnaris. 


THE    TnCMB    IS    MOVED 


Invnriti    and  forward* 
'if  palm,  by 

us  pollicis, 

**  I' "CUIUS 


Outwards  a»d  backwards 
by 


Exten«or 
pollicis, 

Extensor  primi  internodii 
Extensor     secundi     inter 
nodii. 


Upwards  and  fonrards, 
airry  from  the  other  fin- 
gers, by 

s  metacarpi     Abductor, 


Assisted  by  part  of  the 
Flexor  brevis. 


Backwarda    and    inwards, 
to  the  other  fingers,  by 

Adductor, 

Rltensor  primi  internodii, 


Extensor 

nodii 


secundi     inter- 


MUSCLE 


ei  2 


MUSCLE 


Forwards,  or  Jlezed,  by 

Flexor  snblimis, 

profundus, 
Lumbricales, 
Interossei, 

Flexor   hrevis    disriti    mi- 
nimi, 
Abductor  digit*  minimi. 


THE    FINGERS    ARE    MOVED 

Outwards,    to    radial 
Bcckicards,  or  extended,  by  der.  by 


Extensor  communis, 

"        minimi  digiti 
Indicator. 


Abductor  indiris, 

digiti  minimi 
Interossei. 


In  wards  by 

Abductor  digiti  minimi, 
Interossei. 


THE    THtGH    IS    MOVED 


Foncards  by 

Psoas  magnus, 
Jliacus, 

Tensor  vagina?  femoris, 
Pectineus. 
Adductor  longus, 
brevis. 


Backwards  by 

Gluteus  maximus, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 
Pviiformis, 
Obturator  interims, 
Part  of  adductor  magnus, 
hong  head  of  biceps, 
Semi-tendinosus, 
Semi-membranosus. 


Inwards  by 

Psoas  magnus, 
Iliacus. 
Pectineus, 
Gracilis, 

Adductor  longus, 
brevis, 
"        magnus, 
Obturator  externus, 
Quadratus  femoris. 


Outwaids  by 

Tensor  vaginae  femoris 
Gluteus  maximus, 
"        medius, 
"        mitiimus, 
Pyriformis. 


THE    THIGH    IS    ROTATED 


Inwards  by 

Tensor  vagina;  femoris, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 

And,  -when    the  leg   is   ex- 
tended, by 
Sartorius. 
Semi-tendinosus. 


Outwards  by 

Gluteus  maximus, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Gemellus  superior, 
Obturator  internus, 
Gemellus  inferior, 
Quadratus  femoris, 
Obturator  externus, 
Psoas  magnus, 
Iliacus, 

Adductor  longus, 
brevis, 
"        magnus, 
Biceps  cruris,  slightly. 


THE    LEG    IS    MOVED 


Backwards,  or  flexed,  by 

Semi-tendinosus, 

Biceps, 

Semi-membranosus, 

Gracilis, 

Sartorius, 

Popliteus. 


Extended  by 


Rectus, 
Crureus, 

Vastus  externus, 
"        internus. 


THE    FOOT    IS    MOVED 


Forwards,  or  flexed,  by         Backwards,  or  extended  , 


Tibialis  anticus. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis, 
Extensor    longus    digito- 

rum, 
Peroneus  tertius. 


Gastrocnemius, 

Planiaris, 

Soleus, 

Flexor  longus  digitorum, 

longus  pollicis, 
Tibialis  posticus, 
Peroneus  longus, 
"         brevis. 


Inclined  inwards  by 

Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 
Flexor  longus  digitorum, 

"      longus  pollicis, 
Tibialis  posticus. 


Outwards  by 

Peroneus  longus, 
"         brevis, 
Extensor    longus 

rum, 
Peroneus  tertius. 


digito- 


THE   TOES    ARE   MOVED 


Backtcards,  or  flexed,  by 

Abductor  pollicis. 
Flexor  brevis  digitorum, 
Abductor  minimi  digiti, 
Flexor  longus  pollicis, 

"      digitorum, 

"       accessorius, 
Eumbricales, 
Flexor  brevis  pollicis, 
Alductor  pollicis. 
Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti. 
Interossei. 


Forwards,  or  extended,  by 

Extensor    longus    digito- 

rum. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis, 
"        brevis  digitorum. 


Inclined  inwards  by 

Abductor  pollicis, 
Interossei. 


Outwards  by 

Adductor  pollicis, 

"         digiti  minimi, 
Interossei. 


MUSCLE  CAXIX 


6  1  3 


Ml"  SCI  LINE 


les  have  been  variously  named.     I.  Ac- 

to  their  usts,  as  diaphragm,  buccinator, 

luctors,  levators, 

■ding  to  tht  ir    position, 

rspinales,  interossei,  subclavius,  poplitseus, 

us,   cubitalis,  iliacus,    terapoi  i 

■   their  shape,  as   trapezius,  splenius, 

•rratus,  digastric,  deltoid,  scalenus, 

rhomboid  ;s,    .v  ■.      1.    According    to    their   dimen- 

•  .r.ilis   major,  rectus   capitis  anticufi 
ralis  minor,  glutseus  maximus.  me- 

nl   minimus,     o.   According  to  their  direc- 

|uus  abdominis,  transversalis 

fcinoris,  rectus  abdominis,  4c.     6. 

ling  t<>   their  comp  semi-membra- 

semi-tendinosus,  complexus,   Ac.     7.  Ac- 

attachments,    or    the    diflferent 

if  the  skeleton  with  which   they  are  con- 

v  means  of  tendons  or  aponeuros* 
:leido-mastoideus,    Bterno-hyoideus,      &  ■■ 
On  this  is  -rounded  the  nomenclature  of  M.  Du- 
ma-, and  that  '■;   Chaussier. 

•id  of  the  muscle,  which  adheres  to  the 

ni"-t   fixed  part,  is  usually  called  the  origin  or 

.■   and   that  which  adheres   to   the 

more   moveable   part,  the    insertion   or   tail,  (F.)  j 

■   the  intervening  part  or  body  of  the  mus-  i 

cle  being  called  the  venter  or  belly,    Venter  mux'. 

culi,   Me'dium   mns'cnli,   (F.)    Ventre :  hence    the 

icnemii,  digastricus,  biceps,  and  tri- 

eeps  :  according  as  they  have  two  bellies,  two  or 

-,  Ac. 

iles    are    formed.  —  1.    Essentially   of  the 

tir   or  fleshy  fibre,   (see    Muscular   Fibre.) 

\r  tissue,   which   unites   together    the 

lar    tissue    is    not  very  visible 

en  the  fine  and  loose  fibres;  but  becomes 

-  i,  when   they   unite   in   more   considerable 

;.      It  forms,  moreover,  to  each  muscle,  an 

external  envelope,  which  unites  it  to  the  neigh- 

_-   parts,   and   admits    of  its   motion.     This 

is    formerly   called    Tu'nica   pro'pria 

musculo'  mm.       3.    Of   Arteries.       These    proceed 

from    neighbouring   trunks,    and    are,    generally, 

very  large.      Their  size  and   number  are  always 

in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  muscle.     With 

:i   of  some  viscera,  as   the  lungs   and 

the  kidmy<,  there  are  few  organs  that  receive  as 

much  bl 1  a~  the  muscles.     4.  Of  Veins.     They 

line  course  in  the  muscles  as  the  ar- 
it    asserts   that   they   are   generally 

•  dves.     5.  Of  Lymphatic*.     Of  these 
we    know  little,  and    cannot  easily  follow  them 

n  the  fleshy  fibres.     6.   Of  Nerves.     These 

are  numerous,  and  of  different  sizes.     They,  al- 

ill,   proceed  from   the   encephalon ;    some, 

however,  issue    from  ganglions,  and  accompany 

the    arteries.       In    general,    they    penetrate    the 

along  with   the  vessels,  with   which 

united.     After  tiny   have   en- 

tbe    muscles,    they    divide   and    subdivide 

until  they  arc  lost  sight  of. 

MUSCLE  'I.V/.V.   Levator  anguli   oris — m. 
mio-trochanterianus. 
clr  or  Oavard.     The  oblique    muscular 
t>f  the  stomach. 
MUSCLE  GRAND  FESSIER,  Gluteus  ma- 
jor—m.  of  Outhrie,  Compressor  Urethra: — m.  of 
r.  Tensor  Tarsi— m.  of  Houston,  Compres- 
rsalis  penis  —  m.  tris   Large  du  dot, 
an-  dorsi— m.  of  Wilson,  Compressor  ure- 

•M  l  S'(  1  LAR,  Mnscnln'ris,  Musculo' sut,  Torn1' 

•"«.    (P.)    Musculaire.    MnscnUux.     That    which 

to  the  muscles.     Well  furnished 

'sua. 

ribs.     Arteries  that  are  ,];,. 

tributed   to  the   muscles.     The    name.   Muscular 

'  ■   eye,  hi-  been  especially  given  to 


two  branches  sent  off  by  the  ophthalmic  artery: 

—  the  one,  inferior,  which  Furnishes  branches  to 

nor  oouli,  lachrymal  sac,  Ac,  and 

some    nt"  the   anterior   ciliary    arteries  :    the    other 

— the  inferior,  which  is  sometimes  wanting;  hut, 
when  it  exists,  gives  branches  to  the  rectus  .su- 
perior oculi  and  levator  palpebrsB  ijpperioris. 

Mrv,  i  i   \i:  COBTRA)  '  1 1 -  >n .      The  exertion  of  tho 

power,  possessed  by  muscles,  of  shortening  then- 
ar  of  contracting    to    produce    motion:  — 
muMcular  motion  being  the  change  in  the  situa- 
tion and  relation  of  organs,  induced  by  muscular 

contraction.  When  a  muscle  contract.-,  its  fibres 
assume  more  the  zigzag  direction,  and  the  i  xire- 
mities  approximate;  but  the  hulk  af  the  whole 
muscle  is  not  augmented.  This  contraction  takes 
place,  at  times,  with  extreme  velocity:  a  single 
thrill,  in  the  letter  it.  can  he  pronounced  in  tho 
L-30,000tb  part  of  a  minute.  The  force  of  con- 
traction, Myody'namis,  depends  upon  the  healthy 
physical  condition  of  the  muscle,  combined  with 
due  energy  of  the  brain.  The  duration,  in  vo- 
luntary motion,  is  for  a  certain  time  dependent 
upon  the  will  : — contractions,  excited  involunta- 
rily, cannot  lie  BO  long  maintained. 

.Mi  -■  t  i  \::  CURRBNT.  A  current,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Matteueei,  exists  in  every  living  mus- 
cle, whose  tendinous  extremities  are  not  equally 
disposed — one.  for  example,  forming  a  cord  ;  tho 
other  broad  and  rihhon-like  —  and  which  circu- 
lates in  the  muscle  from  the  tendinous  extremity 
to  the  muscular  surface. 

Muscular  Fibre,  Fleshy  fibre,  Filum  muscu- 
.  ibril'la  musculo' ris.  A  name  given  to 
the  filaments,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
muscles.  This  fibre  is  flat,  soft,  downy,  linear, 
but  little  elastic,  and  more  or  less  red.  It  is 
firmer  in  adults  than  in  the  young  or  the 
aged;  of  the  same  size  in  the  great  and  small 
muscles;  and  runs  its  course  without  bifurcation 
or  ramification.  It  is  hut  slightly  resisting  in  the 
dead  body,  tearing  readily  :  hut  during  life  it 
supports  very  great  efforts  without  laceration.  It 
is.  itself,  composed  of  a  considerable  number  of 
fibrils,  similar  to  each  other,  and  subdividing  al- 
most dd  infinitum.  The  ultimate  filaments  into 
which  the  fibre  can  be  decomponed  by  mechani- 
cal means  seem  to  be  hollow  or  tubular.  The 
fibre  exists  under  two  forms,  the  atria 
striped,  (F.)  Fibre  strife,  and  the  non-striated, 
smooth,  or  unstriped,  (F.)  Fibre  Usee  «  the  mus- 
m posed  of  the  former  ministering,  as  a 
general  rule,  to  the  animal  function*.  —  the  latter 
always,  perhaps,  to  the  organic.  The  colour  of 
the  muscular  libres  is  red  in  man,  ami  white  in 
several  animals.  A  greater  or  less  Dumber, — 
united  in  fasciculi,  Faecic'uli  sen  Lacer'ti  mns- 
culo'rum,  approximated  to  each  other,  and  form- 
ing  a  distinct  mass,  of  very  variable  size  and 
shape,  the  extremities  being  attached  to  bones  by 
of  tendons,  —  constitutes  a  mu.-cle.  In 
this  are  included  areolar  membrane,  vessels  and 
nerves.      Bee  Muscle. 

Muscular  Nbrybs.    The  nerves  distributed 

to  the  museles  are  so  named.     Winslow  calls  the 
4th  pair  of  nerves  —  Nerf  mueculaire  oblique  su- 

peri  cur. 

Mi  -..  i  i  \i;  SrBTKir.     A  term  given  to  the  ag- 

of  the  muscles  of  the  I 
Muscular    Vii\s.      These    bring    hack    tho 
blood,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  muscles  by 

the  muscular  arteries. 

MUSC1  i.  mis,  Corroborant. 
MUSCULATION.  Sec  Locomotion. 

MUSCULEUX,  Muscular. 

Mr -<TI.!  rh  AD  SACRO-LTJM- 

BALEM,  see  Sacro-lombalis— m.  Papillan 

carneae— m.  Pectinati,  Pectinati  d  muscles. 

M  l  S(  l  I. IN  E.  .-ee  Fibrin. 


MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 


614 


MUTITE 


MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,  Mus'culo-cuta'- 
veu-i,  from  mueculus,  'a  muscle,'  and  cutis;  'skin.' 
That  which  appertains  to  muscles  and  skin. 

Musculo-Cutaneous  Neuve.  This  name  is 
especially  given  to  two  nerves;  —  the  one,  the 
External  cutaneous  verve,  furnished  by  the  bra- 
chial plexus  (see  Cutaneous  : — )  the  other,  given 
off  from  the  poplitaeus  externus,  (F.)  Ncrf  Sciat- 
ique,  Poplite  externe,  Pretibio  digital  (Ch.).  It 
descends  on  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
leg,  —  at  first,  hid  among  the  muscles;  becomes 
superficial  about  the  middle  of  the  leg;  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  pass  superficially 
on  the  back  of  the  foot.  Two  musculo-cutaneous 
nerves — superior  and  inferior — proceed  from  the 
first  lumbar.  The  superior  musculo-cutaneous  — 
il'io-scrotal,  il' io-hypogas'tricus  —  which  divides 
into  two  branches, — abdominal  and  scrotal.  The 
inferior  musculo-cutaneous  is  smaller  than  the 
superior,  and  is  distributed  as  its  name,  il'io-in'- 
guinal,  indicates. 

MUSCULO-RACHID^'US.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  muscles  and  to  the  spine.  A  name  given 
to  branches,  furnished  behind  by  the  intercostal, 
lumbar,  and  sacral  arteries,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  spine  and  to  the  muscles  of  the  neighbour- 
hood. 

MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my- 
oides. 

MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  Radial  nerve. 
MUSCULOSUS,  Muscular. 
MUSCULUS  ACCLIVIS,  Obliquus  internus 
abdominis — m.  Auxiliarius,  Pyramidalis  abdomi- 
nis— m.  Constrictorius,  Sphincter — m.  Cutaneus, 
Platysma  myoides — m.  Eustachii,  Laxator  tym- 
pani  —  m.  Fallopii,  Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m. 
Femoris  membranosus,  Fascia  lata — m.  Patientiae, 
Levator  scapulae  —  m.  Penicillatus,  Levator  labii 
inferioris  —  m.  Pyxoides  terrestris,  Lichen  pyxi- 
datus — m.  Scandularius,  Parathenar — m.  Subcu- 
taneus,  Platysma  myoides  —  m.  Succenturiatus, 
Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m.  Succingens,  Dia- 
phragm—  m.  Supercilii,  Corrugator  supercilii — 
m.  Testicondus,  Cremaster — m.  Testis,  Cremaster 
— m.  Tubae  novae,  Circumflexus. 

MUSCTTS  ARBOREUS,  Lichen  plicatus  —  m. 
Caninus,  Lichen  caninus — m.  Cathartieus,  Lyco- 
podium  selago  —  m.  Clavatus,  Lycopodium  —  m. 
Corallinus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  m.  Cranii  hu- 
mani,  Lichen  saxatilis — m.  Erectus,  Lycopodium 
selago — m.  Helminthocortos,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— m.  Islandicus,  Lichen  islandicus — m.  Marinus. 
Corallina  Corsicana — in.  Maritimus,  Corallina  — 
m.  Pulmonarius  quercinus,  Lichen  pulinonarius 
— m.  Pyxidatus,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Villosus, 
Peristroma. 

MUSE  A  U  DE  TANCHE,  Os  uteri. 
MUSE'UM   ANATOM'ICUM,  Supel'lex  ana- 
tom'ica.     An  anatomical  museum. 
MUSHROOM,  Fungus. 

MUSIC,  Mu'sica,  (F.)  Musique,  from  fiovaa, 
musa,  'a  song.'  The  art  of  producing  harmo- 
nious and  cadenced  sounds;  an  art,  which  has, 
at  times,  been  benefioially  used  in  diseases,  par- 
ticularly in  those  of  the  mind ;  or  on  which  the 
mind  could  act  in  a  salutary  manner. 

MUSICOMA'NIA,    Musoma'nia,    from    music, 
and  mania.     A  variety  of  monomania  in  which 
the  passion  for  music  is  carried  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  derange  the  intellectual  faculties. 
MUSING,  LISTLESS,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
MUSFQUE,  Music. 

MUSK,  Moschus,  Mosch  (Arab.),  (F.)  Muse. 
A  peculiar  concrete  animal  substance,  of  a  very 
diffusible  odour,  bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown 
colour:  solid,  and  enclosed  in  the  preputial  folli- 
cles of  Moschus  moschif'erus,  Musk  Deer,  (F.) 
Chevrotain  porte-musc.     It  is  possessed  of  stimu- 


lant and  antispasmodic  properties.     Dose,  gr.  v 
to  5Jj  in  bolus. 

Musk,  Artificial,  Moschus  faelit" 'ins,  Prut'. 
11a  Suc'cini.  (01.  succini  recti/.  1  part,  acid, 
nitric.  4  parts.  Digest; — a  black  matter  will  be 
deposited,  which  must  be  well  washed  with 
water.) 

MUSKGRAPE  FLOWER,  Bulbus  vomitorius. 

MUSK  MALLOW,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSKROOT,  Sumbul. 

MUSKSEED,  see  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSKWOOD,  Thymiama. 

MUSOMANIA,  Musicomania. 

MUSQUITO,  Mosquito. 

MUSSiEX'DA  FR0ND0'SA,/?<7,77o.7?c7eW 
A  decoction  of  this  Ceylonese  plant  has  been  es- 
teemed refrigerant. 

MUSSEL,  Mvtilus  edulis. 

MUSSELLED,  see  Mytilus  edulis. 

MUSSITA'TIO,  Mussita'tion,  from  mussitare, 
mussitatum,  itself  from  mussare,  'to  murmur.'  A 
condition,  in  which  the  tongue  and  lips  move,  as 
in  the  act  of  speaking,  but  without  sounds  being 
produced.  This  sort  of  murmuring  is  an  unfa- 
vourable sign  in  disease,  as  indicating  great  cere- 
bral debility. 

MUSTA'CEUM:  from  Mmtacea,  a  kind  of 
laurus  used  in  making  it.  A  kind  of  wedding- 
cake  used  by  the  ancients,  which  consisted  of 
meal,  aniseed,  cummin,  and  several  other  aroma- 
tics ;  its  object — it  has  been  conceived — being  to 
prevent  or  remove  the  indigestion  occasioned  by 
too  great  indulgence  at  the  marriage  feast.  Lam 
reolnm  in  mustaceo  qneerere  —  ''to  seek  for  glory 
in  pitiful  performances." — Cicero. 

MUSTACHE,  Mystax. 

MUSTARD,  BLACK,  Sinapis  — m.  Clammy. 
Polanisia  graveolens  —  m.  Essence  of,  White- 
head's, see  Sinapis — m.  False,  Polanisia  graveo- 
lens— m.  Green,  Lepidium  sativum — m.  Hedge, 
Erysimum — m.  Mithridate,  Thlaspi  campestre — 
m.  Stinking  hedge,  Alliaria — m.  Treacle.  Thlaspi 
arvense — m.  White,  Sinapis  alba — m.  Wild,  Sina- 
pis arvensis. 

MUSTELANEUS,  Galeancon. 

MUSTUM,  Wort. 

MUTACIS'MUS,  Mn'tacism,  from  uvraKifa, 
'I  use  the  letter  m,  uv,  too  frequently.'  A  vicious 
pronunciation  ;  consisting,  according  to  Sauvages, 
in  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  letters  m,  b,  and 
p,  which  are  substituted  for  others. 

MUTA'TIO  SEXUS.  'A  change  or  conversion 
of  sex.'  A  notion  prevailed  in  antiquity  that 
such  a  conversion  was  possible. 

MUTEO'SIS,  from  mntus,  'dumb.'  Under  this 
name  is  comprehended  every  phenomenon  of  ex- 
pression, voluntary  and  involuntary,  which  im- 
presses the  sight  or  touch. 

MUTILA'TION,  Mutila'tio,  Maiming,  from 
mutilus,  'broken.'  The  removal  or  privation  of 
a  limb,  or  of  some  other  external  part  of  the 
body.  In  all  countries,  this  crime  has  been  pun- 
ished with  severity. 

MUTINUS,  Penis. 

MUTISME,  Mutitas. 

MU'TITAS,  (mutus,  (F.)  Muet,  'dumb.')  Oh. 
tumescen'tia,Ala'lia,Anan'dia,  Dumbness,  Speech' - 
lessness,  (F.)  Mutisme,  Mutite.  Impossibility  of 
articulating  sounds;  although  they  can  be  eli- 
cited. Dumbness  is  often  congenital,  and  united 
with  deafness,  of  which  it  is  an  effect.  In  some 
cases  it  is  accidental. 

Mutitas  Svrdo'kvm,  Apho'nia  Surdornm,  Snr- 
domu'titas,  Deaf-dumbness,  (F.)  SurdimutitA 
Speechlessness  from  deafness;  congenital,  or  pro- 
duced during  infancy.  The  subjects  of  this  affec- 
tion are  called  deaf-dumb,  (F.)  Sourds-muets. 

MUTITE.  Mutitas. 


MUTO 


r,  i .-, 


MYLO-IIYOlDEUS 


MUTO.  P 

M  i   rON  I  ATI'S,  Membrosus. 
MUTTEllKOliy,  i: 

Ml    [TON   TEA.     Prepared  from  a  pound  of 
.  freed  from  the  fat  and  cut  into  tbin  - 
ami  a  pint  and  a  half  of  boiling  soft  water  poured 
over  them,  as  in  the  case  of  beef  tea;  except  that 
tiled  tor  half  an   hour  after  the 
it  is  -trained  through  a  sieve. 
.Mi    rUNNUS,  Priapus. 
MY  \Q  \NTHA.  Ruseus. 
MY  ILGJ  \.  Cramp. 
M\  USTHENI'A,   from   pvs,    '  a   muscle,'  and 

•ility.'     Muscular  debility. 
MY<  I'..  Occlusion. 
MYCES,  Fungus. 
Ml  I  II  MI'S.  Suspirium. 
IIYCHTHISMUS,  Moaning,  Suspirium. 
MYCODERM'A.    My'cnderm;   from   iivkhs,   'a 
sausbroom,' and  Seppa,  •.-kin.'     A  cry p toga mous 
growth,   which   constitutes   the  crusts  of  favus. 
rigo  favosa. 
Mycoperma  <  Ierrvisi  k.  Torula  eerevisise. 
MrcoDERMA  Pi  i<   t  .   Trichomaph'yton.   A  cryp- 
:  us  growth,  said  to  be  the  essence  of  Plica. 

Ml  I  ODERMITIS,  Mucitis. 
M\  I  ODES.  Fungoid. 
MYC0DIARRH05A.  see  Diarrhoea. 
MYCODYSENTER]  \.  see  Dysentery. 
MYCOPHTHISIS,  see  Bronchorrhoea. 
MYCORTHOPNGS'A ;    from    hvkos,    'mucus,' 
ami    n„  <,-..,,,    'difficulty    of    breathing    except 
when    in   the  erect  attitude.'     Orthopnoea    from 
•retion   of  mucus  in  the  air-passages 
—  Orthoptics' a  pituitu'ea. 
MYCOSIS,  Fui 
MY«'!  ERES,  Myxa?,  Nares. 
MYC1  EROPHONIA.  Rhinophonia. 
MYCTEROXE'ROTES,  Mycteroxero'aie,  from 
c,     *  the     nares,'     and     (worm,     'dryness.' 
i  eic'citae.     Dryness  of  the  interior  of  the 
. 
MYCUS,  Mucus. 

MYDE'SIS,  from  fjivSau),  'I  abound  with  mois- 
ture,'   '  I    am    putrid.'     Moisture.      In    its    most 
••.  it  means  corruption.      By  some,  it 
1   for  a  mucous  discharge    froiu    inflamed 

MYDON,  uvhutv.  Same  etymon.  Fungous  or 
putrid  flesh  in  certain  fistulous  ulcers. — Pollux. 
Also,  flesh  putrid  from  mouldiness. 

M  Y  DR1  'A  S  I  S,    Platycor'ia,    Platyeori'aaia, 

.     A   name   given    by  several  writers 

!  id  dilatation  of  the  pupil  :  and,  by  others, 

it.  produced  by  hydrophthal- 

luia.  or  superabundance  of  humours,  from  ftvSoi, 

ire.' 

MYDRIAT'ICUS,  Mydriatic     Relating  to  or 

dilatation  of  the  pupil. — Pereira. 
MYELAL'GIA;  from  jiutAoj,  'the  spinal  mar- 
ine! aXyoi,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

MYELANALOSIS,  Tabes  dorsalis. 
MYKI.  IPOPLEXIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica, 
MYELATELI'A ;    from    pvtAu?,    'the    Bpinal 
,'    ami    artXtta,    (a,    privative,   and    rt\o$, 
'want   of  end  or  finish.'     Incompleteness 
il  marrow. 
MYKI.  ATROPHIA,  Tabes  dorsalis. 
MYELITE,  Myelitis. 

\chymato'$a  sen  spina' lit, 

ti'tio  meditl'la  ttpina'lin,  Spiui'tia,  Spino- 

I  imyefi'tia,  ftnchiomyeli'tie,  Rachial~ 

.     !'.      \[y£lite,  Inflammation  </•   la 

ire,  1.  raehidienne,  from   uvtXos,   'the 

I   Itix,  denoting   inflammation,     In- 

ition   of  tlic  spinal   marrow   or  its   mem- 

i  by  di  ep  seated  burning  pain 

,  with  various  nervous  and  vascular 


irregnlarities    of  function.     It   is    not    common. 
I>r.  Marshall  Hall  proposes  to  call  inflammation 
of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  Jfenimgitie;  thai 
of  the  substance  of  the  brain  Mi/>  litis, 
Mvi:i.itis    Pktscbialis,    Meningitis,  <• 

spinal  —  in.  Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  in.  Kxsiidativa, 
Hydroraehis — m.  Parenchymatoss*  Myelitis. 

MYEL0CHYSI8,  Hydroraehis. 

MY'ELOCYTES,  from  /u'tAos,  'marrow.'  and 
Kvroi,  a   mass,   body  or  cell.     Granules   of  the 

brain.      Nuclei  of  the  cells  of  the  gray  substance. 

MYELOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera  (sporadic). 

MY'BLOlD,  Mytloi'dee,  Myelo'dee;  from  (ivt- 
Xof,  '  marrow,'  and  tiCos,  'resemblance.'  Marrow  - 
like. 

.Mvki.oid  Timor,  Fibroplaetic  tumour.  A  sar- 
eomatons  tumour,  the  more  characteristic  consti- 
tuents of  which  are  —  peculiar  many-nucleated 
corpuscles,  which  have  been  recognised  as  con- 
stituents of  the  marrow  and  diploe  of  bones,  c.-- 
peciallv  in  the  fo'tus,  and  in  early  life. — Paget. 

MYELOMA,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELOM  ^LACIA.Mollities  medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOMENINGITIS,  Meningitis,  spinal. 

MYELOMYCES,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELON,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

MYELOPHTHISI8,  Tabes  dorsalis— m.  Sicca, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MYELOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'evla  medulla  *pi- 
iia'lis,  from  /ivt\og,  'marrow,'  and  <pvfia,  'a  tuber- 
cle.'    Tubercles  of  the  Bpinal  marrow. 

MYELOPLAXE,  from  //iuAo?,  'marrow,'  and 
tt\<i!-,  'a  plate  or  lamella.'  Plates  or  lamellae 
with  numerous  nuclei  in  the  marrow  of  bones. — 
Robin. 

MYELORRHAGIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELOSPONGUS,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELU8,  Marrow,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Di- 
auchenius,  Medulla  spinalis — in.  Dorsites.  Me- 
dulla spinalis — m.  Notiseus,  Medulla  spinalis  — 
m.  Psoites.  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYENERGI'Aj  from  pi's,  'a  muscle,'  tv,  and 
epyov,  'work.'     Muscular  strength. 

MYGMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYIOCEPHALUM,  Staphyloma. 

MYIODOPSIA,  Metamorpbopsia, 

MYITIS.  Myositis,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYLABRIS  CICHORII,  see  Cantharis  —  m. 
Punctata,  see  Cantharis — m.  Pustulata,  see  Can- 
tharis. 

MYLACEPII'ALUS,  from  (iv\t,,  'a  mole,'  a, 
privative,  and  KtQaXr],  'head.'  A  monster  with 
only  traces  of  viscera,  and  without  head  or  ex- 
tremiti 

MYLACRI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYL  ICRIS,  Patella. 

MYLE,  Patella.  Mole. 

MYLICU8,  Molar. 

MYLO,  in  composition,  from  fivXrj,  'the  jaw.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  jaw. 

MYLODI,  Molar  tc.th. 

MYLODONTES,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLO  GLOSS1  S,  from  mylo„  and  y\uo<i(i, 
'the  tongue.1  Win-low  has  given  this  name  to 
muscular  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  posterior 
part  of  the  myloid  line  of  the  lower  jaw.  and 
from  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the 
parietSS  of  the  pharynx.  These  fibres  belong  to 
the  constrictor  superior  pbarvi. 

MYLO  HYOID  LINK,  see  Mylo-hyoideus. 
Mtlo-Hyoid  Furrow  oi>  Grooyb.     \  furrow 

which  passes  from  the  superior  Orifice  Of  the  in- 
terior dental  canal  of  the  lower  jaw  In  the  same 

direction  ;i>  the  canal,  and  lodges  the  mylo-hyoid 

nerve,  s  branch  of  the  inferior-dental. 

MTLO-HYOID    Ni  uvi:,  BCC  Mylo-hyoid  furrow. 

MYLO  HYOlDEUS,  from  mylo,  and  'voudnt, 
'the  os  byoides.'    Myluo'dee^  (F.J  Mylo-hyaktien, 


M  YL 0 -P II AR  Y  X  G  E  U  S 


0  1 


MYRICA   ASPLEXIFOLIA 


The  Mylo-pharyngeus  of  Morgagni  and  Santorini. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  upper  and  anterior 
part  of  the  neck,  behind  the  lower  jaw.  It  ia 
hroad,  flat,  and  has  the  form  of  a  truncated  tri- 
angle. It  arises  from  the  internal  oblique,  inter- 
nal maxillary  or  mylo-hyoid  line  of  the  lower  jaw 
bone,  and  is  inserted  at  the  fore  part  of  the  body 
of  the  os  hvo'ul'es.  Its  innermost  fibres  unite  with 
those  of  the  opposite  side  to  form  a  raphe  on  the 
median  line.  The  mylo-hyoideus  raises  the  os 
hyoides  and  carries  it  forward,  or  it  depresses  the 
lower  jaw. 

MYLO-PHARYXGEUS,  Constrictor  pharyn- 
gis,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYLUODES,  Mylo-hyoideus. 
MYO,  in   composition,  from  pvuiv,  'a  muscle.' 
Appertaining  or  relating  to  a  muscle. 
MYOCARDITIS.  Carditis. 
MYOCEPHALI'TIS,  Myi'tis  cepkal'iea;  from 
myo,  KEjia'Sti,  'head,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  head. 
MYOCEPHALON.  Staphyloma. 
MYOCCELIAL'GIA.  from  myo,  Kodia,  'abdo- 
men,' and  nXysu),  'I  suffer.'     Pain  in  the  muscles 
of  the  abdomen. 

MYOCOELI'TIS,  Myoccelii'tis,  Jnflamma'tio 
musculo' rum  abdomina'lium,  from  myo,  koiXm, 
'lower  belly,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 
MYODEOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYO'DES.  from  myo,  and  aSog,  'resemblance.' 
Like  unto  muscle.     Muscular. 

MYODESOPIA.  Metamorphopsia. 
MYODESOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MY  iDYXA'MIA,  Vis  muscula'ris  ;  from  myo, 
and   Swaptc,   'power.'     The  force  or  power  of  a 
muscle. 

MYODYNAMTCS,  see  Muscular  contraction. 
MYODYXAM IOMETER.  Dynamometer. 
MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 
MYODYX'IA,    from    myo,    and    oivvn,    'pain.' 
Pain    in    the   muscles, —  rheumatismal  or  other. 
Rheumatism. 

Myodynia  IxFLAM>rATORiA.  Myositis. 
MYOG'RAPHY.  Myogra'pkia,  from  myo,  and 
ypaipeiv,  'to  describe.'    An  anatomical  description 
of  the  muscles. 

MYO  ID,  MyoVdea,  from  fivg,  'muscle,'  and 
eicoi,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  given  to  tu- 
mours composed  of  fibre  cells  or  muscular  fibres 
of  organic  life. 

MYOLEM'MA,  Myole'ma,from  myo,  and  Xcpua, 
'a  coat.'  The  membranous  tube  of  each  muscu- 
lar fihre.  It  has  also  the  same  signification  as 
Sarcolemma. 

MY'OLIXE.  from  pviov,  'a  muscle.'  A  name 
given  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  a  transparent 
substance  that  fills  the  cells,  which,  he  conceives. 
by  their  juxtaposition  form  the  ultimate  muscular 
fibril. 

MYOL'OGY.  Myolog"ia,  Sareolog'ia,  Mytiol- 
og"ia,  from  myo,  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'     That 
part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  muscles. 
MYOX.  Muscle. 

MYOXARCO'SIS,  from  myo,  and  vaptct],  'stu- 
por.'    Numbness  of  the  muscles. 
MYONITIS,  Myositis. 

MYON'OSUS,  Myonu'*H9s  Myopathia,  from 
myo,  and  voaog,  'disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
muscles. 

MYO  PALMES.  Subsultus  tendinum. 
MYOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 
MYOPATHIA.  Myonosus. 
MYOPE.  Myops. 

MYOPHO'NIA,  from  myo,  and  dwirj.  'voice.' 
The  sound  of  muscular  contraction,  —  as  that  of 
the  ventricles  of  the  heart,  during  the  systole  of 
that  organ. 

MYO'PIA,    Myopi'usis,  Luscios'itas,    Jlyo'sis, 


Parop'sis  propin'qua,  Amhlyo'pin  dis»ito'ruwt 
Dyso'pia  dissito'rum,  Dyspho'tia,  Vi*us  ju't 
from  fivw,  'I  close.'  or  from  pvs,  'a  monsi 
w^,,  'the  eye:'  My'opy,  Short-sightedness,  Near- 
sightedness, Mouse-sight,  Put-blindness,  (F.  Y»e 
courte,  V.  basse.  Persona  who  can  only  see 
objects  very  near.  The  defect  is  owing  to  the 
too  great  convexity  of  the  eye.  or  too  great  den- 
sity of  the  humours,  and  is  palliated  by  wearing 
concave  glasses. 

MYOPTC,  Myop'icus;  same  etymon.  Short- 
sighted, Poreblind,  Purblind,  Spurblind.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  myopia. 

MYCiPODIORTIIO'TICOX,  from  uvaif,,  'one 
that  is  short-sighted,'  and  c~iop$wriKov,  "having 
power  to  correct.'  An  apparatus  for  the  cure  of 
short-sichtedness. — A.  A.  Eerthold. 

MYOPS.  Lucio'sus,  Myo'pus,  My'ope.  Same 
etymon.  One  affected  with  myopia  or  short- 
sightedness. 

MYOPY,  Mvopia. 

MYORRHEXIS,  from  myo,  and  pnfa,  'rup- 
ture.'    Rupture  of  a  muscle. 

MYOSARCO'MA,  from  pvwv,  'a  muscle,'  and 
sarcoma.  A  sarcomatous  tumour  in  which  muscu- 
lar fibres  are  found. 

MYO'SIS,  from  pvu),  'I  close.'  Jficrocor'ia. 
Smallness  of  the  pupil.  Phthi'sis  pupil  la' rim. 
Permanent  contraction  of  the  pupil.  It  is  usually 
caused  by  iritis,  and  is  extremely  difficult  to  cure. 
When  it  exists  to  such  an  extent  as  to  obliterate 
the  pupil,  it  is  called  Synizesis.  Also,  Myopia. 
MYO  SITE,  Myositis. 

MYOSIT'IC,  Myosit'icm,  from  Myosin.  Causing 
contraction  of  the  pupil, — as  opium. — Pereira. 

MYOSI'TIS,  Myi'tis,  Mysi'tis.  Myoni'tis,  Sar- 
citis, Rheumatis'mus  phlegmono' des,  Myodyn'im 
infiammato'ria,  Phlegma'sia  myotca,  Tnflannnatio 
seu  Phleg'mone  Musculo'rum,  (F.)  Myosite,  In- 
flammation des  muscles,  from  puv,  'a  muscle.' 
A  name  proposed  by  Sagar  for  inflammation  of 
the  muscles.     Also,  Rheumatism. 

MYOSOTIS,  Hieracium  pilosella,  Rheumatism, 
Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYOSPASM  US.  Cramp. 

MYOTILITY.  Myotil'itas,  (F.)  Myotility  from 
pviov,  '  a  muscle.'  Muscular  contractility.  — 
Chaussier. 

MYOT'OMY.  Myotom'ia,  from  myo,  and  rtpvtiv, 
'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical  anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  dissection  of  the  muscles.  Also, 
the  surgical  operation  of  the  division  of  museles 
to  remove  deformity. 
MYOTYRBE.  Chorea. 

MYRAC'OPUM,  from  pvpov,  'an  ointment,'  a, 
'privative.'  and   ko-os,    'fatigue.'     An    ointment 
used  by  the  ancients  in  cases  of  fatigue. 
MYREPSES,  Unguentarius. 
MYR'IAGRAMME.  from  pvp,a,  '10,000.'  and 
I  ypappa,    'gramme.'     A  weight    equal    to    10,000 
grammes,    or   to    26    pounds,    9    ounces,    and   6 
drachms  Troy. 

MYRIAMETRE.  A  measure  of  10.000  me- 
tres: equal  to  16  miles,  1  furlong,  156  yards,  and 
14  inches. 

MYRICA  ASPLEXIFOLIA.  Comptonia  as- 
plenifolia  —  m.  Cerifera,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba, 
and  Wax.  myrtle. 

Mvri'ca  Gale.  M,  palxw'trit,  Myrtns  Broban'- 
tica  seu  Ang'Uca.  Myrtifo'lia  Bel'gica,  Gale, 
Gagel,  Rhus  sylves'tris.  Ac'aron,  El (pag' fin*,  E. 
Cardo,  Choma-lo'og'nus.  Dodorxs'a,  Dutch  myrtle, 
Street  gale,  Siceet  willow,  Candleberry  vtyrtle, 
(Sc.)  Scotch  gale.  (F.)  Piment  Royal,  The  de  Si- 
7>ion  Pauli,  Gale  odorant.  Ord.  Myricacea 
Syst.  Dicecia  Tetrandria.  The  leaves,  flowers, 
and  seeds  have  a  strong,  fragrant  smell,  and  a 
bitter  taste.    They  are  used  for  destroying  moths 


M Y RING  A 


0  1 


M VRTODES 


and  cutaneous  The  infusion  is  given  in- 

ternally a>  a  stomachic  and  verinil 
Mvric  \  Palusi  kis,  M.  Gale. 
MYRlNfl  \.  se    Tympanum. 
MYRINGITIS,    Injlamma'tio   tym'pani,   from 
i,  •  the  membrana  tympnni  ;'  and  itia,  de- 
inflammation.     Inflammation  of  the  mem- 
tympani ;  and,  also,  of  the  tympanum. 
MYRINX,  Bee  Tympanum. 

MYRIS,  uvpts,    Myrothe'ce,    Ntirthe'cia,    Nar- 
.  from  pvpor,  'a  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.'      \  |    rfumed  oil  jar  or  ointment  box. 
MYRIS'TICA,    .'/.    31  u    aromat'ica 

tmncon.    Nat.  Ord. 
The  tree  which   provinces  the  nut- 
1  mace.     ( F. )   3fnacadier.     The  Nutmeg, 
S.)  3fyria'tica   seu  ifyria'tica 
i't<i  sen  uuguenta'- 
r    myria'tica    seu    aronmt'iea, 
Chryobal'anua    Gule'iti,     Uiiguetita'ria, 
I".       1/         ';   .    is    the    seed    or    kernel.      It    h;is    ;i 
it,  aromatic  odour;  an  agreeable  pungent 
and   is   much   used  for  culinary  purposes, 
tive    matter.      It   has   the 
-  in  general  :  being  stimu- 
lant and  stomachic.     The  oil — O'letim  myria'liea 
seu  tittciat'o-  a  tin, 'turn — possesses  the  virtues  of 
the  nutmeg.     Dose  of  the  nutmeg,  gr.  v.  to  3j  i 
— of  the  oil  gtt.  iij  to  gtt.  vj. 

Mace,  3faci$,  3facea,  Floret  macia  sen  ma! cidot, 

(F.)  Flettra  de  muacade,  is  the  involucrum  of  the 

fruit.     It    is    membranous,  with    the    odour  and 

f  the  nutmeg,  and  is  possessed  of  similar 

qualities.      The    0  leum   macia    seu   ma'cidia    is   a 

aceous    substance,  expressed  in  the 

Indies.     It    is  only  used  externally.     It  is 

the  Adepa  myria'tica,  3fyria'tic<B  o'feum  expreaa'- 

'■  urn    sea    Bal'aamum    nucia'ta,  Butter  of 

' .  I  oil  of  3face. 

MYRISTH  Myristica  mos- 

MYRTSTICATIO  HEPATIS,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

MYRMECIA,  Formica. 

MYRMECIASIS,  Convulsio  cercalis,  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECTASMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  For- 
,:  >n. 

MYRMECISMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIZON,  Formicant. 

MYRMECOSIS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formica- 

LMEX,  Formica, 

MYROBAL'ANUS,  from  pvpov,  'an  ointment,' 

and  (j.t\avos,  'a  nut  ;'  bo  called,  because  formerly 

ointment  ;  Angi  foc'acoe,  3fyro'bolau,Glana 

mi- jit f-nt n' 'rift,    Pahiia   ungnentario'riim.      A   dried 

fruit,  of  the  plum  kind,  of  different  species 

'.  i  Jombrel  iceae.    Of  this  there 

—  the  31.  B>  Jtir'ica  or  Belli ric 

tit,  Bellerigi,  Belnileg: — the  M. 

f   or  Chehitle   niyrob'atnn  ;   the  M.  cit'rina 

or   Tellnto  myrobalan,    Ara'ra  ;   the   M.  Em'blica 

if  mt/mbalan,  and  the  3f.  fn'dica,  Aa'uar, 

Indian  or  Black  myrobalan.     All  the  myrobalan 8 

t,  bitterish,  very  austere  tasle: 

ike  an   inky  blackness  with  a  solution  of 

ISA    laxative 

UYIiOl.i'  ,  volatilia. 

MYRON,  Mvrm.i.  Unguentum. 
MYROPISSOCE'RON.     A  topical  application 
referred    to  by  Galen;    from    pvpov, 
ih.'  and  icnpos,  '  wax.' 
MYROP05US,  Qnguentarius. 
MYROPOLES,   ^pothecarv,  Ungnentarins. 
MY  ROSPER  M  I'M   FRUTESC  E  X  8,  Myroxy- 
ruiferum— m.  Peruiferum,  see  Myroxylon 
Peruit'eruui  —  m.  of   Songonate,   see   Myroxylon 


Peruiferam — m.  Toluiferum,  see  Tuluifera 
mum. 

MYROXYLON,  see  M.  Peruiferum. 

Mvaox  n    m      Peroif'brum,      Myroeperm'um 

.i  Peruiferum,  Quinquina,  from  pv- 

u.\.  'an  ointment.' and  (vXor,  wood;'  Caburei'ba. 

Nat.  (>/••/.  Legumioosss.     Supposed  to  be  the  tree 

which  affords   the   Peru'vian   bnlmini,  Bal'aamnm 

/'.  i  iiritt'iiniii    (I'll.    D.   S.)    sen    I't  riiti'iiiiin,    I'utzo- 

fliill,  Myrox'yli  Peruifi  ri  bal'aamum,  Myrox'ylou, 

Ctiliiiriiii/nt,  Iiulifiii,  Mtxicaii,  or  Am' rifiin  Ixtl- 
kiiiii,  (F.)  Untune  de  1'iruu  ou  de*  In  del.  This 
balsam  consists  of  benioie  acid,  resin,  and 
tial  oil.  Its  odour  is  fragrant  and  aromatic:  taste 
hoi  and  hitter:  it  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  mis- 
cible  in  water  by  the  aid  of  mucilage.  It  is 
stimulant  and  tonic,  and  considered  to  be  i 
rant  :  as  such,  it  has  been  employed  in  paralysis, 
chronic  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis  and  rheuma- 
tism, gleet,  leucorrhoaa,  &C,  and  externally,  for 
cleansing  and  stimulating  foul  indolent  ulcers. 
r.  v  to  gtt.  xxx. 

White  Balaam  of  Pirn,  Natural  baleam,  Bal'- 
aamum album,  Sti/rn.r  alba,  BaleamelaWH,  is  ob- 
tained by  incision  from  Myroepermum  peruif- 
erum. 

The  Myroxylon  of  Sonsonate  in  Central 
America — Myroepermum  Pereira  of  Dr.  Royle, 
has  heen  supposed  to  furnish  balsam  of  Tern. 

Mvkoxyi.on  of  Sonsonate, see  M.  Peruiferum 

—  in.  Toluiferum.  Tohiii'era  Balsumum. 

MYRRHA,  Heb.  ID;  Sola,  Stacte,  Ergae'ma, 
Myrrh,  Calo'nia,  Smyrna,  Myrrha  rub 
Myrrhe.  The  exudation,  pvpot>,  of  an  unknown 
plant  of  Abyssinia  or  Arabia  Felix,  said  to  lie  the 
BaUamaden'drou  myrrha.  This  gum-resin  has  a 
fragrant,  peculiar  odour:  and  hitter  aromatic 
It  is  in  reddish-yellow,  light,  brittle,  irre- 
gular tears  ;  partially  soluble  in  distilled  water 
when  aided  by  friction.  S.  G.  1*360.  It  is  stimu- 
lant: and  has  been  used  in  cachectic  affections, 
humoral  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis,  «fcc.  Dose, 
gr.  x.  to  J5J. 

Myrrha  Imperfecta,  Bdellium. 

MYRRHINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRRHIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  Cretensis— 
m.  Major.  Chserophyllum  odoratum — m.  Odorata, 
Cbserophyllum  odoratum. 

MYRSINA  AFKICANA,  Tatze. 

MYRSINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRSINELJE'ON,  from  pvpcirn.  'the  myrtle,' 
and  t\fuov,  'oil.'      Oil  of  myrtle. — Dioscorides. 

MYRSINPTES,  pvpaivirni.  Wine  in  which 
branches  of  myrtle  have  been  macerated. 

MYRTACANTHA,  Ruscus. 

MYRTE  COM  MIX,  Myrtus. 

MYRTID'ANON,  pvon^nvov.  An  excrescence, 
growing  on  the  trunk  <>f  the  myrtle,  and  used  as 
an  astringent.  With  Hippocrates,  either  the  myr- 
tus caryophyllats  or  myrtus  pimento,  [?] 
wine  —  \'init>i>  Mtjrtid'anuin  —  made  from  wild 
myrtle  berries. 

MYRTIPOLTA  BELGTOA,  Myricagnle. 

MYR'TIFORM,  Myrtiform'ie,  Myrto'dee,  from 
myrtue,  'a  myrtle,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  Raving 
the  shape  of  B  leaf  of  myrtle.  A  name  given  to 
a  muscle  (depressor  ala?  nasi),  to  the  fossa  inci- 
sivs  :  and  to  certain  caruncles,  4c 

MYRTIFORM  IS,  C pressor  naris,  Depressor 

alsa  D 

MYRTITES,  from  pvprov.  the  'myrtle  berry.' 
A  name  given  tot  medicine  prepared  with  honey 
and  myrtle  berries. 

MYRTLE,  .Myrtus  —  m.  Berry,  Yaccinium  myr- 
tillus — m.  Candleberry,  Myrica  gale — m.  Dutch, 
Myriea  (rale — m.  ^\"  i  I  <  1 .  Ruseus. 

MYRTOCHEILIDES,  Nymph*. 

MYRTOCHILA,  Nymphes. 

MYRT0DE8,  Myrtiform. 


MYRTON 


618 


NiEVUS 


MYRTON,  Clitoris. 

MYRTUS,  Myr'tua  commn'nis  seu  communis 
Jtal'ica,  nvpTos,  Myrsi'ne,  Myrrhi'ne,  The  Myrtle, 
(F.)  Myrte  Com  num.  Ord.  Myrtaceae.  The  berries 
of  this  plant  have  been  recommended  in  alvine 
and  uterine  fluxes  and  other  disorders  of  relaxa- 
tion and  debility.  They  are  moderately  astrin- 
gent and  somewhat  aromatic. 

Myrtus  Anglic  a,  Myrica  gale  —  m.  Braban- 
tica,  Myrica  gale. 

Myrtus  Caryophylla'ta,  Oalyptran'thes  ca- 
ryophylla'ta, Cassia  seu  Canel'la  caryophyllata, 
(F.)  Capelet,  Cannelle  girof.ee.  The  tree  which 
is  considered  to  afford  the  Clove  bark ;  Cortex 
caryophylla'tus  sen  earyophyllata.  This  bark  is  a 
warm  aromatic ;  resembling  clove  with  an  ad- 
mixture of  cinnamon.  It  may  be  used  with  the 
same  views  as  cloves  or  cinnamon. 

Myrtus  Caryophyllus,  Eugenia  earyophyl- 
lata— m.  Leucodendron,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

Myrtus  Pimen'ta,  Euge'nia  Pimen'ta.  The 
tree  which  bears  the  Jamaica  pepper,  Pimen'ta 
bacca.  Pimento  berries,  Pimento,  Piper  caryophyl- 
la'tum  seu  chia'pa  seu  odora'tum  Jamaicense  seu 
Jamaicense  seu  tabas'cnm,  Coc'culi  Indi  aromat'ici, 
Amo'mum  2)>'ynenta,  Fructus  ^jj'mojf?',  Carive,  Ca- 
ryophyl'lm  America' nus  seu  Pimen'ta,  Allspice, 
(F.)  Poivre  de  Jamaiqne,  Toute  epice,  Assourou. 
The  unripe  berries — Pimenta  (Ph.  U.  S.) — have 
an  aromatic  odour:  resembling  a  mixture  of  cin- 
namon, nutmeg,  and  cloves  ;  the  taste  is  pungent, 
but  mixed,  like  the  odour.  Like  other  peppers, 
this  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  The  oil  — 
O'lenm  Pimen'ta — possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
berries.  The  powdered  fruit  has  been  called 
Quatre  tpices  or  Four  spices.    Dose,  gr.  v.  to  ^ij. 

Aqua  Pimen'ta,  Pimento  water,  is  officinal  in  the 
London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Pharmacopoeias. 
It  is  carminative.     Dose,  f^j  or  f  ^ij. 

MYRUM,  Myron,  fivpov.  A  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.  A  liquid  perfume.  The  spontaneously 
exuding  juice  of  many  plants,  especially  of  that 
from  which  myrrh  is  obtained. 


MYS,  Muscle. 
MYSIOLOGIA,  Myology. 
MYSITIS,  Myositis. 

MYSTAX,  Jifasta.r,  fivcra^,  jui'trra^oj.  The  hair 
growing  on  each  side  of  the  upper  lip  in  men. 
The  mustache  or  vtustachio,  (Old  Eng.)  Mtin- 
chat'oe,  (F.)  Jf(jnstache.     Also,  the  upper  lip. 

MYSTE'RION,  /^wr^.w,  'a  mystery.'  An 
arcanum,  nostrum,  or  secret  preparation  in  gene- 
ral. Also,  an  antidote  referred  to  by  Galen  and 
others. 

MYSTRON,  nvarpov.  A  Greek  measure,  which 
held  about  three  drachms. 

MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.  The  common  mussel, 
(F.)  Moule.  A  bivalve,  the  flesh  of  which,  when 
at  all  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  is  highly  poi- 
sonous. When  fresh,  it  is  an  agreeable,  but  not 
very  digestible  article  of  diet,  producing,  in  some 
persons,  all  the  symptoms  of  urticaria.  One 
affected  with  such  phenomena  is  said,  occasionally, 
to  be  mus'sclled. 

MYU'RUS,  Mciu'rus.  A  pulse  is  so  called 
when  it  sinks  progressively  and  becomes  smaller 
and  smaller  like  a  rat's  tail :  from  fiuy,  '  rat,' 
and  ovpa,  'tail.'  Pulsus  myurns  recip'rocus.  a 
pulse,  which,  after  having  become  gradually 
weaker  resumes,  by  degreess,  its  former  cha- 
racter. 

MYXA,  Mucus,  Sebestina. 

MYXiE,  Mycteres. 

MYXIOSIS,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 

MYXODES,  Muciform. 

MYXOR'RHOOS,  iivfrppoos,  and  pv^a,  '  mu- 
cus,' and  peo>,  'I  flow.'  One  who  is  subject  to 
mucous  discharge.  Applied  to  an  infant,  that 
discharges  a  considerable  quantity  of  mucus  and 
saliva. 

MYXOSARCOMA,  from  pv^a,  'mucus,'  and 
cap!;,  oapKos,  'flesh.'  A  tumour  which  is  muco- 
cameous  ;  partly  mucous  and  partly  fleshy. 

MYXOTER,  Nasus. 

MYZESIS,  Sucking. 


N. 


N.  This  letter,  in  prescriptions,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  Numero,  '  by  number.' 

NAB' ALUS  ALBUS,  Prenan'thes  alba  seu 
serpenta' ria,  White  Lettuce,  Lion's  Foot,  Battle- 
snake's  Master,  Rattlesnake  root,  Gall  of  the  Earth, 
from  vaffXa,  'a  harp,'  owing  to  the  lyrate  leaves. 
An  indigenous  plant,  of  the  order  Compositae, 
which,  with  several  other  species  of  the  genus,  is 
reputed  to  possess  the  power  of  curing  the  bites 
of  serpents.     The  root  has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

Nab alus  Fraseri  has  similar  properties. 

NABOT,  Saccharum  candidum. 

NABO'THI  GLAN'DULjE,  O'vula  seu  Ova 
Nabothi  seu  Nabothia'na,  Ova'rium  Nabothi,  Fol- 
li'culi  rotun'di  et  oblon'gi,  Vesic'ula  seu  Bulla 
rotun'da  cervi'cis  u'teri,  V.  semina'/es  mulie'rum, 
Gor'pora  seu  Corpus'cnla  globo'sa,  Glandules  seu 
JJydat'ides  cervi'cis  uteri,  Glands  of  Naboth. 
Small,  mucous  crypts  or  follicles  situate  in  the 
interstices  of  the  duplicatures  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  cervix  uteri.  Naboth,  from  noticing 
them  in  a  morbid  condition,  mistook  them  for 
ova:  and  hence  the}7  received  the  name  Ovula 
Nabothi. 

NACRA,  Nakra,  Nasa.  A  kind  of  influenza 
common  in  the  East  Indies. 


NACBE,  Margaritaceous. 

NACREOUS,  Margaritaceous. 

NiEVI,  see  Nsevus — n.  Pigmentary,  see  Naavus. 

NiEVUS,  Plural  Navi  ;  Navus  mater' nus  seu 
Sifjil'lum,  Nota  mater' na,  Nevus,  Mac'ulce  matri'- 
cis  seu  mater'nee  seu  matrica'les,  Nota  infan'tum, 
Lupus  varico'sus,  Stig'mata,  Metrocel'ides,  Con- 
gen'itce  nota.  Mother's  or  Fancy  marks,  Jfotho's 
spots,  (F.)  Envie,  Tache  de  Naissance.  Spots  of 
various  kinds  on  the  skin  of  children  when  born, 
which  have  been  attributed  to  the  influence  of  the 
maternal  imagination  on  the  foetus  in  utero. 
They  are  of  various  appearances,  some  much 
better  supplied  with  blood  than  others.  Some 
are  merely  superficial  or  stain-like  spots,  Pig- 
men' tary  ncevi ;  others  are  prominent,  Vascular 
tumours,  and  often  have  long,  irregular  hairs 
growing  from  them.  These  have  usually  been 
called  Moles,  Spili,  Spilo'ma,  Epichro'ses  spili, 
&c.  The  red,  rosy,  violet  or  bluish  spots  are 
called  by  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire,  Taches  Sanguines ;  — 
those  of  an  intermediate  hue,  between  the  normal 
colour  and  black,  Taches  melaniennes.  See  Te- 
langiectasia. 

When  naevi  are  superficial,  without  any  dispo- 
sition to  enlarge   or   spread,   they  need   not  be 


XAFDA 


619  NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF) 


meddled  with:  but  nil  those  that  partake  of  the 
character  of  aneurism  by  anastomosis  had  better 
be  removed,  where  practicable. 
N  avi  8  SlGILH  M,  N.cvus. 

FDA,  Naphtha. 
NAIL.  Sax.  HBBSl,    G.)Nagel,  Unguis,  Onyx, 
(F.)  Ongle.      A    whitish    transparent    Bubstance. 
similar  to  horn,  which  cover;  the  dorsal  extremity 
of  the  fingers.     Three  portions  are  distinguished 
in  it:   the  extremity,  which  is  free,  at  the  end  of 
the  finger; — the  body  or  mi. bile  portion  adherent 
bv  iis   inner   surface  ;    and    the  root,    Radix  sen 
unguis,  fn'timum    unguis,  (F.)  Matrice  de 
The  last  presents  two  distinct  parts  j  the 
ininated  by  a  thin,  serrated  edge,  is  buried 
in  a   duplicature  of  the  .-kin.   Vallec'ula  n>i</iu's, 
which  acts  the  part  of  a  nail-follicle ;   the  other, 
CHllcd    Lu'nula  seu    Semiln'nula  sen    Sele'ni  sen 
-   u   Exor'tus  seu  Anat'ole  seu  Albe'da  un'- 
guimii,  is  whitish  and  of  a  semilunar  shape,  and 
is  situate  above  the  part  where  the  epidermis  ter- 
minates.     The   nails    are    composed    of   a  horny 
of  the  same   nature  as   that,  which   forms 
the  hoofs,  horns,  and  scales  of  different  animals. 
When  the  nail  has  been   torn   off,  the  papillae  of 
the  skin  become  covered  by  a  soft,  whitish  lamina, 
consistence    gradually    augments.      New 
lamina'  are  then  formed  underneath,  and  give  the 
nail    the    thickness    it    ought    to    possess.      The  I 
corneous  substance,  being  thus   constantly  pro- 
duced  at  the  extremity  of  each   of  these  laminae, 
the  whole  id'  the  nail   is  pushed  forwards,  and  it 
would  grow  indefinitely,  were  it  not  cut  or  worn 
by  friction. 

The  nails  protect  and  support  the  extremities 

of   the    fingers   against    the    impression   of    hard 

They  are,  also,  useful  in  laying  hold  of 

small  bodies  ;  and  dividing  those  that  have  but 

littl"  consistence. 

NAIL-FOLLICLE,  see  Nail. 
NAIL  SPRING,  Hangnail. 
y. I IX,  Nanus. 

NAISSANCE,  see  Parturition. 
NAKRA,  Nacra. 
NANGNAIL,  Hangnail. 
NANISME,  see  Nanus 
NANNARI,  llemidesmus  Indicus. 
N  ^NNYBERRY,  Viburnum  lentago. 
NANOCEPHALIA,  see  Nanocephalus. 
NANOCEPH'ALUS,  from  varos,  'a  dwarf.'  and 
Kt(f,akT),  '  head.'     One  of  a  monstrous  state — Nano- 
mpha'lia — in  which  the  whole  head  or  certain  of 
its  ]>irts  are  too  small,  whilst  the  trunk  and  ex- 
'  ies  are  normal. 
NANOCORMIA,  see  Nanocormus. 
NANOCOR'MUS,  from   vivos,  'a  dwarf,' and 
npitoi,  'a  trunk.'     One  of  a  monstrous  condition 
—  Nanocormia — in  which  the  trunk  is  too  small, 
whilst  the  head  possesses  its  normal  size. 
NANOMELI  \.  see  Nanomelus. 
N  W'iM'KLi  >,    from    vavos,  'a   dwarf,'   and 
utlos,  'a  limit. '     One  of  a  monstrpus condition  — 
\elio — in  which  some  part   of  an  extremity 
mall,  and  the  whole  limb  too  short. 
NANOSO'MIA,    from     vuvos,    ' a    dwarf,'    and 
n*fta,  '  body.'     3/icroso'mia.     Dwarf  ishm 

\  state  in  which  the  entire  body  with 
all  it-  narts  is  -mailer  than  common. 
N  VNOSOMUS,  Nanus. 

N  \  N  I  S.  vavoi,  Pnmil'io,  Pn'milo,  Pusil'lus,  'a 
dwarf:'  Nanoso'mus,  (Prov.)  Grut,  Rope  Spin- 
*irk,  ,<r.}  Croil,  Crok,  Dcarch,  Derch,  Drvich, 
Wrntack.  [Pn'milus,  Pumi'lius, '  dwarfish/)  (P.) 
Nam.  One  who  is  much  below  tip'  usual  stature. 
The  term  is  applicable  to  nil  organized  beings 
from   man    to  the    vegetable.     Trees  have  thoi* 


king  of  Poland;  was  33  inches  (Frenebl  long, 
ami  well  proportioned.     The  Polish  nobleman, 

Borwlaski,  who  was  well  made,  elever,  and  a 
good  linguist,  measured  28  Paris  inches.  He  had 
a  brother,  34  inches  high,  and  a  sister  2 1 .  A 
Frie.-land  peasant,  at  26  years  of  ii.t,  had  at- 
tained 2'.i  Amsterdam  inches.  C.  H  Btoberin, 
of  Niirnherg;  was  under  three  feet  bigb  at  20, 
yet  he  was  well  proportioned  and  possessed  of 
talents.  General  Tom  Thumb,  so  called,  was 
seen  by  the  Author  in  1817.  lie  was  .-aid  to  he 
15  years  old:  measured  28  inches  in  height,  and 

when    weighed   at    the   mint   was   found    to  weigh 
20  ponnde  and  2  ounces.     Two  remarkable  In- 
dian dwarfs  were  exhibited  in  the  United  States 
and  in  Europe,  about  the  middle  of  the  19th  cen- 
tury, under  the  name  of  'Aztec  children,'  —  the 
boy,  from  7  to  S  years   of  age,  was  33|  inches  in 
height,  and  weighed  20|  pounds  : — the  girl,  from 
years    Of  age,    was    294    inches   high,   and 
;  weighed   17  pounds.      They  were  very  deficient 
I  in  intellect.     See  Pygmy. 

NAPE  OF  THE  NECK,  Nucha. 
NAPELLUS  VERUS,  Aconitum  napellus. 
NAP  ILK  FLORES,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
NAPHTHA,  Acetone. 

Naphtha,  ra<p$a,  Nafda,  Napta,  Napta'litu, 
O'leum  petra  nlbumj  (F.)  Naphtej  from  a  Chal- 
daic  and  Syriac  word  signifying  bitumen.  A 
bituminous  substance,  found  in  Persia,  Calabria, 
Sicily,  &c.  It  is  liquid,  limpid,  of  a  yellowish- 
white  colour,  a  smell  slightly  resembling  that  of 
oil  of  turpentine,  and  lighter  than  water.  It  re- 
sembles petroleum  in  its  properties,  and  has  beer 
chiefly  used  as  an  external  application  :  although 
occasionally,  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  inhala 
tion  in  phthisis  pulmonalis.     Also,  iEther. 

Naphtha  Aceti,  JEther  acetieus — n.  Coal  Tar, 
Light,  see  Ana'sthetic  —  n.  Sulphuric*,  JEther 
sulphurieus  —  n.  Yitrioli.  JEther  sulphuricus  —  n. 
Vitrioli  camphorata,  Tinctura  SBtberea  eampho- 
rata  —  n.  Vitrioli  martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol, 
sulphurico-a>thereus  ferri — n.  Wood,  Acetone. 

HAVR'TH  ALINE,  Napkthali'na,Naph'thalin. 
When  coal  tar  is  subjected  to  distillation,  naph- 
thaline passes  over  after  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a 
white,  shining,  concrete,  crystalline  substance, 
fusible  at  176°  and  boiling  at'4230.  It  is  soluble 
in  alcohol,  ether,  naphtha  and  the  oils,  but  inso- 
luble in  water.  It  has  been  used  as  an  excitant 
expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  8  to  30  grains,  in 
emulsion  or  syrup,  and  repeated.  It  has  also 
been  used  as  an  anthelmintic:  and,  when  made 
into  an  ointment,  in  psoriasis,  lepra  vulgaris,  Ac. 
NA'PIFORM,  Napiform'ie,  Bu'nioid,  Bunioi'- 
des,  from  tiapns,  'a  turnip,'  ami  forum,  'shape.' 
An  epithet  for  a  form  of  scirrhous  tumour  whose 
cut  surface  presents  concentric  lines  resembling 
-ii  in  the  interior  of  a  turnip. 
NAPIUM,  Lapsana.  Sinapis. 
NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Naples  in  its  general  characters  resembles  that 
of  Nice,  but  it  is  more  changeable:  the  sirocco 
too.  which  is  little  known  in  Nice,  is  severely  felt 
at  Naples.  It  is  not  a  good  residence  tor  the 
phthisical  invalid:  Sir  James  Clark,  indeed,  con- 
siders it  altogether  unsuitable. 

Nuns.  MivmiAi,  Watkhs  of.  In  the  Quarter 
Santa  Lucia,  near  the  coast,  is  a  cold  spring,  rich 
in  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid.  It 
is  much  used  as  an  aperient  tonic,  and  in  cutane- 
ous affections. 

Nai-i.ks  Watkr,  Factit"iois.  Aqva  Nenpoli- 
tn'uii  -en  acid' %Ue\  hydroeulphura'ta,  (P.)  Eau  de 
Naples,     (Acidulous  water,  containing  four  times 


dwarfs,  a-  the  human  species  have  theirs.    Some     its  hulk  of  carbonic  acid,  ;w,  and  fciij  ;  h 

Mima..     ..  ..»l,  »_*.•._  a  _    i     •  «    i  •»,.!..  .  w  *J  «-*      ^ 


curious  authenticated  instances  of  human  dwarfs 
are   on  record.     Lebe,  the   dwarf  of  Stanislaus, 


sulphuretted  water,  ,^ix  ;  omrbonats   of  soda,   gr, 

viij ;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  x.   M.    I'h.  1'.) 


N  A  P  T  A 


20 


NASAL 


NAPTA,  Nanus,  Nate. 

NAPTALIUS,  Nanus. 

NAPUS,  Sinapis —  n.  Leucosinapis,  Sinapis 
alba — n.  Sylvestris,  Brassica  napus. 

NAPY,  Sinapis. 

NARGAPHTE,  Thymiama, 

NARCAPH'XHON,  Ncu&ipVthon.  The  bark 
of  an  aromatic  tree  formerly  brought-from  India. 
By  some,  supposed  to  be  that  of  the  tree  'which 
affords  the  olibanum.  It  was  used  in  fumigation, 
ID  diseases  of  the  lungs.     See  Lacaphthon. 

NARCE,  Narcosis. 

NARCEMA,  Narcosis. 

NARCESIS,  Narcosis. 

NARGISSE  WAUTOMNE,  Colchicum  au- 
tuuinale  —  n.  Faux,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus 
—  h.  des  Pres,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus  —  n. 
Sauvage,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

NARCIS'SUS  PSEDDO-NARCIS'SUS,  N. 
festa'lis  seu  glaucus  seu  grandifio'rus  seu  h  is- 
pan'icw  seu  major  seu  aerra'tus  seu  syJvea'tria, 
J'ttlboco'dium,  Paeudo-narciaatta,  Daffodil,  (Old 
Eng.)  Ajf'adil,  Belle-Blome,  (Prov.)  Affrodile, 
Jkll/loirer,  Butter  and  Eggs,  Lent-rose.  Ord. 
Atnaryllidaceae.  (F.)  Narciaae  sauvage,  Narciaae 
'Us  pres.  Faux  narciaae,  PvrriUon.  Aiault,  Z>>u- 
zinette,Jea»nettc.  The  root  is  emetic  and  cathar- 
tic, in  the  dose  of  5Jij.  The  flowers  are  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  24  grains. 

NARCODES,  Narcotized. 

X  A  R  C  0  '  S  I  S,  Xar'cotism,  Narce,  Xarea, 
Xarce'ma,  Xarce'sis,  from  vapKou),  'I  benumb.' 
Torpedo,  Torpor,  Stupor,  Stupefac'tio.  The  ag- 
gregate effects  produced  by  narcotic  substances. 
At  times,  narcotism  is  confined  to  a  state  of  more 
or  less  profound  stupor  ;  and  constitutes,  in  cer- 
tain cases,  a  useful  remedial  condition  :  at  others, 
it  is  a  true  poisoning,  characterized  by  vertigo, 
nausea,  a  state  of  intoxication  or  apoplexy,  con- 
stant delirium,  convulsive  motions,  etc.  Emetics 
ia  strong  doses,  and  not  much  diluted  with  wa- 
ter;  purgatives  and  glvsters  are  the  first  means 
to  be  used  in  this  condition.  The  stupor  may 
afterwards  be  combated  by  the  use  of  exciting 
and  stimulating  drinks. 

Narcosis  FoLLici'Lo'Rt:>r.  A  state  of  the 
scalp,  which  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  conceives  to 
be  dependent  upon  torpid  action  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles, and  in  which  the  scalp  and  hair  are  found 
covered  with  a  yellowish,  dirty-looking  powder, 
composed  of  an  admixture  of  granular  particles 
and  furfuraceous  scales. 

NARCOSPAS'MES,  from  vafxr,,  'stupor,'  and 
ffTfiff^?,  '  spasm.'     Stupor  combined  with  spasm. 

NARCOTIA,  Nareotine. 

NARCOTIC  POISON,  see  Poison. 

NARCOTICO-ACRID,  see  Poison. 

NARCOTICS.  Narcofica,  Carot'icn,  Obstn- 
pefaeien'tia,  Stnpefaeien'tia,  Stnpefa'cients,  (F.) 
Stupefaetifs,  Stupefianta.  Same  etymon.  Sub- 
stances, which  have  the  property  of  stupefying; 
—  as  opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  bella- 
donna, &c.  They  are  used  in  medicine  as 
soothing  agents  :  exerting  their  special  influence 
on  the  brain  and  tubular  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  In  small  doses,  as  a  general  rule, 
narcotics  stimulate:  in  large,  they  act  as  seda- 
tives. The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  narco- 
tics :  —  Aconitum,  JBtberea,  Belladonna,  Cam- 
phora,  Cannabis,  Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulus, 
Hyoscyamus,  Lactucarium,  Opium  and  Morphia, 
Stramonii  Folia.  Stramonii  Semina,  Mental  Nar- 
cotics, (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous  sounds, 
or  any  succession  of  monotonous  impressions.) 

NAR'COTINE,  Xarcofi'na,  Xarcot'ia,  Xareo- 
tiu,  Anarcoti'na,  Opia'num ;  same  etymon:  (F.) 
Sel  de  Derosne  ou  d'opium,  Opiane,  Principe 
crystallizable  de  Derosne.  A  solid,  white,  inodo- 
rous, aud  insipid  substance;  by  some  considered 


to  be  alkaloid  :  by  others  neuter  :  crystallizable 
in  straight  prisms  with  a  rhomboidal  base:  fusi- 
ble like  the  fats:  soluble  in  boiling  alcohol  and 
ether,  and  scarcely  soluble  in  water.  Nareotine 
produces  all  the  unpleasant  effects  of  opium  :  but, 
at  the  same  time,  throws  the  animal  into  a  state 
of  stupor.  It  is  not  used  in  medicine,  on  account 
of  these  objections.  The  salts,  which  are  very 
hitter,  have  been  used  successfully  in  India  for 
the  cure  of  intermittents. 

NARCOTISM.  Narcosis. 

NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidua,  Narco'des.  Aft 
fected  with  stupor,  as  from  the  use  of  a  narcotic. 

NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana  Celtica —n.  In- 
dica,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Indien.  Nardus  Ir.dica — 
n.  Indique,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Petit,  Aralia  nudi- 
caulis — ».  Smtvage,  Asarum. 

NARDOSTACIIYS  JATAMANSI,  Nardus  In- 
dica — n.  Patrinia.  Nardus  Indira. 

NARDEM   GALLICUM,  Valeriana  Celtica. 

NARDES  AMERICANUS,  Aralia  nudicaulis 
— n.  Celtica,  Valeriana  Celtica — n.  Celtica  altera, 
Arnica  montana — n.  Montana.  Asarum. 

Nardcs  In'pica,  Spiea  nardi  seu  In'dica,  An- 
dropo'gon  nardus  seu  citriodo'rus,  Ord.  Grami- 
nea?  [?].  or  Nardoa'tachys  seu  Valeriana  seu  Pa- 
trin'ia  Jataman'si,  Valeria'na  spica  ;  Order,  Va- 
lerian aceae  :  Indian  nard,  Spikenard.  The  root 
of  this  plant  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  the 
mithridate  and  theriaca.  It  is  moderately  warm 
and  pungent,  and  has  a  flavour  by  no  means  dis- 
agreeable. It  is  used  by  the  Orientals  as  a  spice: 
—  (F.)  Nard  Indien  ou  Indique.  An  ointment 
was  formerly  used,  called  Uuguen'tum  nardi' num. 
It  was  prepared  of  Nard,  Malabathrum  leave?, 
Oil  of  worms,  Coitus,  Amomum,  Myrrh,  &c,  and 
was  used  as  a  detergent. 

Nardts  RrsTiCA,  Asarum. 

NARES,  Bhines,  Cav'itas  seu  Cavum  seu 
Ca'rea  seu  Caver'na  na'rium,  Xasus  inter'nus, 
Jfyete'res,  Na'rium  ad'itus,  Ocheteu'mata,  The 
nostrils,  (Prov.)  Snirrels,  Snurles,  (F.)  Xarines. 
Two  elliptical  apertures,  situate  beneath  the  nose, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  the  cartila- 
ginous septum  seu  eolum'nn  nasi.  These  aper- 
tures are  continually  open,  and  give  passage  to 
the  air  we  breathe,  and  to  the  mucous  fluids  se- 
creted in  the  nasal  fossa?. 

Nares  Intern.*:.  Nasal  fossae. 

Narks  Posterior,  Narea  ]wstre'mce,  Extre'- 
mcB  nares,  Os'tia  posterio'ra  seu  Chna'na  na'- 
rium, Na'rium  Ex'itus,  (F. )  Arrieres  narines,  On- 
vertures  posterieures  des  fosses  nasalea,  are  the 
posterior  apertures  of  the  nasal  cavities,  which 
establish  a  communication  between  those  cavities 
and  the  pharynx.  They  are  bounded, 'above,  by 
the  body  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  below,  by  the 
palate  bone,  and  the  base  of  the  velum  pendu- 
lum; and,  on  the  outside,  by  the  internal  ala  of 
the  pterygoid  process.  They  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  septum,  of  which  the  vomer  is 
the  bony  part. 

NARIFESO'RIA,  from  narea,  'the  nostrils,' 
and  fun dere,  fusuin,  'to  pour.'  Medicine  dropt 
into  the  nostrils. 

NARTNES,  Nnres. 

NARIUM  ADITES,  Nares— n.  Siccitas,  Myc- 
teroxerotes. 

NARROW  CHEST,  see  Lordosis. 

NARTHECIA.  Formularv,  Mvris. 

NARTHECIUM,  Formularv.  Myris. 

NARTHEX,  Formulary,  Myris,  Splint  —  n. 
Asafcetida,  see  Asafoetida. 

NASA.  Nacra,  Nata. 

NASAL.  Xiso'/is,  from  naaua,  'the  nose.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  nose. 

Nasal  Arterv.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  two 
branches  in  which  the  ophthalmic  artery  termi- 
nates.   It  issues  from  the  orbit,  above  the  tendon 


NASAL 


62  1 


NASO-PALATINE 


of  the  orbicularii  palpebrarum,  ive  t ho 

side  of  the  root  of  the  hum',  and  anastomoses  with 
|be  las!  extremity  of  the  facial.  Bailer  gave  the 
none   Hato/  to   the   Bpheno-palatine.      He   also 

culled  tii-'  dorsales  nasi,  furnished  by  the  exter- 
nal maxillary,  Nasa'lee  latera'let. 

Nasal  Bombs,  Ossa  nasi  Bea  nasa'lia, 
ul<t  nasi,  Ossa  tnaxil'la  tuperio'ri*  quarto  sen 
quiutu  seu  secun'da,  (F.)  0«  nacaux,  Os  propres 
da  nc:.  These  bones  are  situate  beneath  the 
nasal  notch  of  the  os  frontis,  and  occupy  the 
i  the  nasal  or  angular  proeesi 

the  superior   maxillary   1 e.      Their  shape  is 

nearly  quadrilateral.  They  have  an  external  or 
tmtaneoua  Burfaco,  an  internal  or  natal,  and  four 
Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow, 
with  the  os  frontis,  ethmoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones.     They  ossify  from  a  Bingle  point, 

Nasal  Car'tilagb,  Cartila'go  triangula'ris 
A  cartilage  formed  of  three  portions, 
whieh  unite  at  the  dorsum  nasi,  and  are  distin- 
guished into  the  cartilage  of  l/ic  septum,  and  the 
lateral  cartilages.  This  cartilage  is  continuous, 
with  the  ossa  nasi,  and,  in/eriorly,  with 
Membranous  fibro-cartilages,  which  form  the  sup- 
ple and  movable  part  of  the  nostrils.  They  are 
two  in  number — the  one  before,  the  other  behind. 

Nasal  Duct,  Lachrymal  duct  —  n.  Eminence, 
Meeophryon. 

Nasal  Fosses,  Cavi  na'rium,  Nares  inter'no?. 
Two  large,  anfractuous  cavities,  situate  between 
the  orbits  below  the  cranium,  and  Lined  by 
the  pituitary  or  Schneiderian  membrane.  These 
cavities  have  no  communication  with  each  other; 
but  the  various  Binuses  in  the  neighbouring  bones 
—  the  ethmoidal,  sphenoidal,  superior  maxillary, 
Ac.  —  all  communicate  with  them.  The  general 
cavity  of  each  nostril  is  divided  by  the  ossa  spnn- 
giosa  into  three  meatus  or  postages,  which  run 
from  before  backwards.  1.  The  Meatus  narium 
tmpe'rior,  placed  at  the  upper,  inner,  and  back 
part  of  tii.-  superior  spongy  hone.  2.  The  Mea- 
tus  Wis' dins,  situate  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior   Bpongy  bones;   and  :;.   The  Meatiu 

between  the  inferior  Bpongy  bone 
and  the  bottom  of  the  nose.  The  Schneide- 
rian membrane  receives  the  first  pair  of  nerves, 
and  various  branches  from  the  fifth  pair.  The 
-  are  furnished  by  the  branches  of  the  tn- 
ma.rillary,  known  under  the  names  of 
spheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar,  superior  alveolar, 
palatine,  pterygo-palatine  ;  by  the  supra-orbitar, 
and  ethmoidal  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  artery  ; 
by  the  internal  carotid,  superior  labial,  and  dor- 
sales  na-i.  Ir-  veins  are  little  known,  and  gene- 
rally follow  the  course  of  the  arteries.  The  lym- 
phatics are  almost  unknown.  The  nasal  fossa? 
are  the  Be  it  of  smell;  they  aid,  also,  in  respiration 
anil  phonation. 

N  tSAL  Mi:  \ti:s,  see  Nasal  f 

NASAL   Muci  -.  Mucus  na'rium,   Phlegma  na'- 
rium erassum,  Mucor  Beu  PiU 
Li/m/ilia  muculen'ta  na'rium,  Apomyz'ia,  vulgarly 
?»»o6,  Snoth,  I  F.)  Morve,  is  the  mucus 
secreted  by  tii.-  Schneiderian  membrane. 

Nasai,  Nbrvb,  Nueo-palpfbral  (Ch.)i 
ttmlafris  (Sb'mmering),  Naso-cilia'ris.  One  of 
the  three  branches  of  the  opbthalmio  nerve  <■( 
Willis.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fis- 
sure, passes  along  the  inner  paries  of  that  cavity. 
and  divide-,  opposite  the  internal  and  anterior 
orbitar  foramen,  into  two  branches.  1.  The  i"n- 
tsmal  and  posterior,  whieh  passes  into  tb 

bitarinm  internum  anterius,  enter-  the  cra- 
nium beneath  the  dura  mater,  and  paasei  into  the 
through  an  aperture  at   the  -id.-  of 
■'!!.     it  afterward-  divides  inl 
ral  filaments:  one  of  them  — the  Xano-lobur,  of 


Chaussier —  is   very   small,  and   descends  on   the 
:  .i-i,  and  ramifies  on 

the  integuments  Of  the  ala  nasi.  A  second  ter- 
minate.- near  the  septum;  others  descend  along 
the  outer  paries  of  the  na.-al  fosSSB.      -•  The  other 

nal  and  anterior,  and  is  called  the  < 
nasai  nerve.      It   is   distributed    to   the   outside  of 

the  ..ri.it.  Before  dividing, the  nasal  nerve  com- 
municates   with    the   ophthalmic   ganglion,   and 

gives  off  two  or  three  ciliary  nerves.  Sb'mmer- 
ing litis  given   the   inline   Posterior  Nasal  Nerves 

to  the  nerves  which  arise  from  the  internal  part 
of  the  spheno-palatine  gangdom 

Nasal    Notch,    (F.)    Echancrute    naeale.     A 

semicircular    notch,    situate     between    the    nasal 
prominence   of  the   frontal    bone,  and   articulate.  1 
with  the  nasal  bones  and  the  nasal  proci 
the  superior  maxillary  bones. 

NASAL  PR0CB88,  Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

Nasai.  Pbom'ikbhce,  (F.)  Basse  naeale.  A 
prominence,  situate  on  the  median  line,  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  os  frontis,  between  the  two 
superciliary  arches. 

X  \n.\i,  Rkgion',  Jie'gio  nasu'lis.  The  region 
of  the  nose. 

Nasal  Si-inks.     These  are  three  in  number. 

1.  The  Supe'rior  nasal  spine  of  the  os  frontis, 
I  occupying  the  middle  of  its   nasal  notch,  and  ar- 
ticulated   before    with    the    nasal    bones,   behind 
with  the  ethmoid.     2.   The in/e'rior  and  ante'rior 
natal  spine,  situate  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  an- 
terior opening  of  the   nasal   fossae.      It  i-  formed 
!  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones  ;  and  3.  The 
infe'rior  and  posts' rior  nasal  spine,  Epine  ynfta- 
\  rale  (Ch.),  a  process,  formed   on   the   median  line 
by  the  two  palate  bones  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  palatine  arch. 

N  AS  ALE,  Errhine. 

NASA  LIS,  Compressor  naris. 

Nasa'4.18  La'bii  SirpKiuo'ius.  A  small  mus- 
cular slip,  which  runs  up  from  the  middle  of  the 
orbicularis  and  the  lip  to  the  tip  of  the  nose.  It 
lies  exactly  in  the  furrow,  and  is  occasionally  a 
levator  of  the  upper  lip,  or  a  depressor  of  the  tip 
of  the  nose. 

N  \SAS,  Nata. 

NASATUS,  Membrosus. 

NAS'CALB.  A  kind  of  pessary,  made  of  wool, 
or  cotton,  which  was  formerly  introduced  into 
the  vagina,  after  being  impregnated  with  oil, 
ointment,  or  some  other  proper  medicament. 

NA8CAPHTH0N,  Narcarphthon. 

NASI) A,  Nata. 

NASI,  see  Oryza. 

NASITAS.  Rhinophonia. 

NASITIS,  Rhinitis — n.  Postica,  Angina  nnsalis. 

NASO,  Nasu'tuSf  from  nanus,  'the  nose.'  One 
who  has  a  long  nose.  In  composition,  appertain- 
ing or  relating  to  the  nose. 

NASOCILIARIS  (Norms),  Nasal  nerve. 

NASO-LA'BIAL,  Naso-labia'lis ;  from  naso, 
and  labium,  'a  lip.'  Relating  to  the  nose  and 
lip. 

.\  ISO-LABIAL  Link.  A  line  or  furrow,  which 
separates  the  lip  from  the  check,  and  commences 
at  the  ala  nasi. 

NASO-LABIA'LIS.  A  muscular  fasciculus 
described  by  AlbinuS,  which  arises  from  the  an- 
terior extremity  of  the  septum  na-i,  and  termi- 
nates in  the  orbicularis  oris. 

N  ISO-PAL'ATINB,  Naeo-palati'nus.  That 
whieh  belongs  to  the  nose  and  velum  palatL 

N  \-o -P  \i mini:    &AKOLIOB    il    situate    in    the 
foramen    palatinum   anterius.       Its    great ei 
mity    receives   the   two   naso-palatine    brandies; 


NASO-PALPEBRAL 


622 


NAUSIOSIS 


•whilst  the  smaller  gives  off  two  or  three  fila- 
ments, which  reach  the  palatine  vault,  where 
they  ramify  on  the  membrane  of  the  same  name, 
anastomosing  with  filaments  of  the  great  palatine 
nerve. 

Naso-Palatine  Nerve,  Nerve  of  Cotun'nius, 
is  furnished  by  the  spheno-palatine,  which  pro- 
dels  from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel.  It  traverses 
the  vault  of  the  nasal  fossae,  and  proceeds  upon 
the  septum  between  the  two  layers  of  the  pituitary 
membrane.  It  enters  the  anterior  palatine  canal, 
and  terminates  at  the  superior  angles  of  the  naso- 
palatine ganglion,  without  attaining  the  mouth. 

NASO-PALPEBRAL,  Orbicularis  palpebra- 
rum. 

NASTA,  Nata. 

NASTURTIUM  AMPHIBIUM,  see  Sisym- 
brium—  n.  Aquaticum,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Si- 
symbrium nasturtium — n.  Bursa  pastoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — n.  Hortense,  Lepidium  sativum — n.  Indi- 
eum,  Tropaeolum  majus — n.  Officinale,  Sisymbri- 
um nasturtium — n.  Palustre,  see  Sisymbrium — n. 
Peruvianum,  Tropaeolum  majus  —  n.  Pratense, 
Cardamine  pratensis — n.  Sativum,  Lepidium  sa- 
tivum. 

NASUM  DILATANS,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

NASUS,  Nose,  Rliin,  Rhis,  Or'ganon  olfac- 
tfis  seu  odora'tus  seu  olfacto'rium,  Promonto'- 
rium  faciei,  Myxo'ter,  Emuncto'  rium  cer'ebri, 
Snout,  (Sc.)  Neis,  Nes,  (F.)  Nez.  The  nose  is  a 
pyramidal  eminence,  situate  above  the  anterior 
apertures  of  the  nasal  fossae,  which  it  covers ; 
and,  consequently,  occupying  the  middle  and 
upper  part  of  the  face,  between  the  forehead  and 
upper  lip,  the  orbits  and  the  cheeks.  Its  lateral 
surfaces  form,  by  uniting  angularly,  a  more  or 
less  prominent  line,  called  Dorsum  seu  Rhachis 
seu  Spina  Nasi,  (F.)  Dos  du  nez.  This  line  ter- 
minates, anteriorly,  by  the  lobe, — Lob'ulus.  The 
sides  are  called  Alee  Nasi,  Pinna  Nan's,  (F.) 
Ailes  du  nez.  The  columna  is  the  inferior  part 
of  the  partition.  Its  apex  or  tip  has  been  called 
GJob'ulus  nasi. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  nose  are  the  aq'uiline, 
the  flat  nose,  (F.)  Nez  camarot  ou  epate,  and  the 
snub  nose,  (F.)  Nez  retrousse.  The  nose  is  formed, 
besides  its  bones,  of  fibro-cartilage,  cartilage,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  and  nerves ;  and  its  use  seems  to  be  to 
direct  odours  to  the  upper  part  of  the  nasal  fossae. 

Nasus  Interxus,  Nares. 

NASUTUS,  Naso. 

NATA,  Natta,  Nasa,  Nasda,  Nasta,  Nasas, 
Napta.  A  fleshy,  indolent  excrescence,  having 
the  shape  of  the  nates. 

NATARON,  Natron. 

NATA'TION,  Nata'tio,  from  natare.  natatum, 
.itself  from  nave,  'to  swim.'  Swimming.  The 
action  of  swimming,  or  of  supporting  one's  self, 
or  moving  upon  the  water.  Swimming  resem- 
bles the  horizontal  leap  in  its  physiology  —  the 
medium  being  water  instead  of  air.  The  differ- 
ence between  the  specific  gravity  of  the  human 
body  and  that  of  water  is  not  great ;  so  that  but 
little  exertion  is  required  to  keep  a  part  of  the 
body  above  water.  Swimming  is  a  healthy  gym- 
nastic exercise,  combining  the  advantages  of 
b  i thing. 

NATES,  Ephed'rana,  Sca'phia,  Podex,  Chines, 
Glutoi,  Gluti,  Glu'tia,  Sedi'lia,  Pyge,  Monae, 
Bottom,  Backside,  Poste'riors,  Buttocks,  (Prov.) 
Tout,  (Sc.)  Doup,  Dowp,  Dolp,  Droddum,  Hur- 
dies,  Lendis,  &c,  (F.)  Fesses.  Two  round  pro- 
jections, at  the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  on  which  we  sit.  Amongst  the  mamma- 
lia, man  alone  has  the  nates  prominent  and  round. 
They  are  formed  chiefly  by  the  skin,  and  a  thick 
layer  of  areolar  tissue,  which  covers  the  three 
glutsei  muscles. 


Nates  Cerebri,  Quadrigemina  corpora — n.  et 
Testes,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

NATRIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROCREN.E,  Natropegse. 

NATRON,  Natrnm,  Nat'aron,  Nitrum,  Ana* 
trum,  Aphronitrum,  from  Natron,  a  lake  in  Judflea. 
A  saline  compound,  very  abundant  in  Egypt 
which  is  almost  wholly  formed  of  subcarbonatf 
of  soda. 

NATRONIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROPE'GiE,  Natrocre'nce,  from  natron, 
and  TTiyrj,  '  a  spring.'     Soda  springs. 

NATRUM,  Natron — n.  Chloratum  liquidum, 
Liquor  sodse  chlorinatae  —  n.  Muriaticum,  Soda, 
muriate  of — n.  Muriatum,  Soda,  muriate  of — n. 
Prseparatum,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — n.  Tartari- 
zatum,  Soda,  tartrate  of — n.  Vitriolatum,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — n.  Nitricum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — n. 
Oxymuriaticum,  Soda,  chloride  of — n.  Oxyphos- 
phorodes,  Soda,  phosphate  of — n.  Sulphuricum, 
Soda,  sulphate  of. 

NATTA,  Nata. 

NATULiE,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

NATU'RA,  from  nasci,  'to  be  born  or  arise.' 
Physis.     Nature.     Also,  the  genital  organs. 

Natu'ra  Morbi.  The  essence  or  condition  of 
a  disease. 

NATURAL  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

NATURALIA,  Genital  organs. 

NA'TURISM,  Nat'uralism.  A  view  which 
attributes  every  thing  to  nature,  as  a  sage,  pre- 
scient, and  sanative  entity. — Nysten.  See  Ex- 
pectation. 

NA'TURIST.  A  physician  who  scrupulously 
investigates,  interprets,  and  follows  the  indica- 
tions presented  by  nature  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

NAU'CLEA  GAMBIR,  Unca'ria  gambir.  A 
plant  of  the  Nat.  Order,  Rubiaceoe,  native  of 
the  Malayan  Peninsula  and  Indian  Archipelago, 
which  yields  large  quantities  of  the  kind  of 
Catechu  known  by  the  names  Terra  Japon'ica 
and  Square  Catechu,  and  which,  in  Indian  com- 
merce, is  called  Gambier  or  Gambir.  It  is  a 
powerful  astringent,  much  used  in  tanning,  and 
in  medicine.     See  Catechu. 

NAU'SEA,  Nau'sia,  Nausi'asis,  Nausio'sis, 
Nau'tia,  Queas'iness,  Squeas'iness,  (F.)  Nansee, 
Envie  de  vomir ;  from  vavs,  navis,  'a  ship;'  be- 
cause those  unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so  af- 
fected.    Sickness.     Inclination  to  vomit. 

Nausea,  Kreat'ic,  (icpeas,  Kpearos,  'flesh.')  The 
sickness  and  vomiting,  excited,  in  some'  nervous 
patients,  by  the  smallest  portion  of  animal  food. 

Nausea  Mari'na,  Morbus  nau'ticus,  Vom'itus 
navigan'tium  seu  mari'nus,  Sea-sick?iess,  (F.)  Mai 
de  mer.  The  sickness,  vomiting,  &c,  experienced 
at  sea  by  those  unaccustomed  to  a  sea-life ;  and 
from  which  those  who  are  accustomed  are  not 
always  exempt.  It  generally  ceases  when  the 
person  becomes  habituated  to  the  motion  of  the 
vessel,  and  not  till  then. 

NAUSEABOND,  Nauseant. 

NAU'SEANT,  Nau'seans,  (F.)  Nauseabond, 
Nauseeux.  An  agent  that  excites  nausea,  which 
is  a  state  of  diminished  action.  Nauseants  are, 
hence,  valuable  remedies  in  diseases  of  excite- 
ment. 

NAUSIA,  Nausea. 

NAUSIASIS,  Nausea. 

NAUSIO'SIS.     This  word,  besides  being  sy- 
nonymous with  nausea,  has  been  used  to  express 
the  state  of  venous  hemorrhage,  when  blood  is 
li  discharged  by  jets. 


NAUTIA 


62: 


needle 


NAUTIA,  Nausea. 

NAVEL,  Umbilicus — n.  String.  Funiculus  um- 
bilicalis — n.  Wort,  Cotyledon  umbilicus — u.  Wort, 
Venae's,  Cotyledon  umbilicus. 

NA  VET,  Brassica  raps — n.  du  Diable,  Bryo- 
nia alba — n.  Oalant,  Bryonia  alba. 

XA  VETTE,  Brassica  rapa, 

NAVICULAR,  Navicula'ri*,  Navi/or'mie,  (F.) 
Jfaviculaire,  from  navicula,  'a  little  ship.' 

X.wii  'i  i. a u   Fossa,    Fossa    Navicula'ria    seu  j 
fkaphui'des,  Navic'ula,  Scaph'ula.    See  Scaphoid. 
Tbis  name  has  been  given,  1.  To  a  small  depres- 
sion between  the  entrance  of  the  vagina  and  the 
r  commissure  of  the  labia  major  or  four- 
efaette.     2.  To  a  perceptible  dilatation,  presented  i 
by  the    urethra  in    man,  near   the    base    of  the  \ 
■Una,    3.  To   the   superficial   depression  which 
separates  the  two  roots  of  the  helix.    This  is  also 
called  Scapha. 

NAYICULARE  OS,  Scaphoides  os. 

N  JlVIFORMIS,  Navicular. 

NAVIS,  Vulva. 

N  K  AR-SIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

NEARTHROSIS,  from  vto?,  'young  pr  new,' 
and  apirpov,  "a  joint.'     A  new  joint. 

NEBLE,  Nipple. 

NEB'ULA.  Xubes,  Nubec'ula,  Nephos,  vt<pc\n, 
'■'•,  Nephe'lion,  Vitus  nebula' mm,  (F.)  Nuage, 
Ombrage.    A  slight  speck  on  the  cornea.    A  mist 
or  cloud  suspended  in  the  urine.     See  Caligo. 

NEBULOUS,  Nepheloid. 

NECESSARY,  Necessa'rius,  (ne,  and  cessare.) 

The  Xecessaries  of  Li/e,   Vita   necessitu'tes,   (F.) 

<  de  la  vie,  include  every  thing  requisite 

for  the  maintenance  of  life,  and  particularly  food. 

NECK,  Collum — n.  Derbyshire,  Bronchocele. 

Nbck  of  the  Foot,  Instep. 

k.  Swelled,  Bronchocele — n.  Stiff,  Torti- 
collis— n.  Wry,  Torticollis. 

KLACE,  AN'ODYNE,(F.)  Collier  anodin. 
These  are  formed  of  the  roots  of  hyoscyamus, 
Job's  tears,  allspice  steeped  in  brandy,  or  the 
of  the  wild  liquorice  vine,  to  suit  the  fancy 
of  the  prescribes  They  are  employed  to  facili- 
tate dentition  in  children,  and  to  procure  sleep  in 

"•  (!) 
NECKWEED,  Veronica  beccabunga,  V.  pere- 
grina. 

NECRyE'MIA,  from  vcicpos,  'death,'  and  'aipa, 
'Wood.'     Death  of  the  blood.     Death  beginning 
with  the  blood. 
NECRENCEPHALUS,  Mollities  cerebri. 
NECROCEDIA,  Embalming. 

KOCOMIUM,  Morgue. 
NECRODES,  Cadaverous. 

fcODOCHIUM,  Morgue. 

NKCROLOGY,  BILLS  OF,  Mortality,  bills  of. 

NECROMANCY,  Xevromanti'd,  Negromanti' a, 

lanti'a,  Nigromanti'a,  from  vcupos,  'death,' 

and   navrua,   'divination.'      Divination    by    the 

ROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NECRON,  Cadaver. 
rTBCRONARCEMA,  Rigor  mortis. 
NKCROPHOB'IA,    from    v«pof,  'death,'    and 
'fear.'     Exaggerated  fear  of  death.     Tbis 
lymptom  occurs   in   patients  where  the  di 

rtal ;  as  in  hypochondriasis.     In  fevers,  it 
k  BOl  a  good  symptom. 

NBCROPNEUMO'NIA,  Pneumo'nia  gn»>jr<?.- 

-  n  tppho'sa,   Qangra'na  seu  Mbrtifiea'tio 

'  >thrajc  seu  Carbun'cidus  Pulmo'ntim,  Pneu- 

mosep's,\   Pneumoc'aci,   (F.)    Gangrhie  du   Pou- 
vio>i,     I'neumonecrotiie,  —  Piorry ;     from    vticpos, 


'death,'  and  pneumonia.  Gangrenous  inflamma- 
tion of  the  Lungs.  This  may  be  diffnsed  or  cir- 
cumscribed. The  only  pathognomonic  symptom 
is  the  extraordinary  and  repulsive  odour  id'  tbe 
breath  and  expectoration.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  tbe  use  of  the  chlorides  internally,  or  of 
chlorine  by  inhalation :  allaying  irritation  by 
Opium,  and  supporting  the  patient  by  wine-whey, 
and  nourishing  diet. 

NECROPSIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROPSY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSED,  see  Necrosis. 

NECROSEMEIOT'ICE,  from  vtKpo^,  'death,' 
and  trriftttov,  'a  sign.'  The  doctrine  of  the  signs 
of  death. 

NECRO'SIS,  from  vckpou),  'I  kill.'  Mortifica- 
tion. State  of  a  bone  or  of  a  portion  of  a  bono 
deprived  of  life.  Osteogmujr&'na,  Osteonecro'sis. 
The  bone,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be  necrosed. 
Necrosis  may  take  place  without  the  surrounding 
soft  parts  being  struck  with  gangrene.  It  is  to 
the  bones  what  gangrene  is  to  the  soft  parts. 
The  part  of  the  bone  affected  with  necrosis  be- 
comes a  foreign  body,  similar  to  the  gangrenous 
eschar,  and  its  separation  must  be  accomplished 
by  the  efforts  of  nature,  or  by  art.  When  necro- 
sis occurs  in  the  centre  of  long  bones,  it  never 
extends  to  their  articular  extremities.  The  exte- 
rior layers  of  bone  form  a  canal  round  the  dead 
portion  or  sequestrum;  between  these  swollen 
layers  and  the  sequestrum,  suppuration  takes 
place  ;  the  matter  presses  against  the  bony  canal; 
perforates  it,  and  is  discharged  by  apertures, 
which  become  fistulous. 

In  the  treatment,  the  exit  of  the  sequestrum 
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions,  by  the 
application  of  the  trepan  to  the  bone,  &c. 

Necrosis  Cerkalis,  Ergotism  —  n.  Dentium, 
Dental  gangrene  —  n.  Ustilaginea,  Ergotism. 

NECROSTOA,  Morgue. 

NECROTOMY,  Dissection. 

MXTANDRA  CINNAMOMOPPES.  Lnurus 
cinnamomoi'dee,  Oinnamo'mum  sy Ives' tri  Ameri- 
ea'num  :  Order,  Lauracea?  ;  native  of  New  Gre- 
nada, where  it  is  called  Canela  ;  has  the  odour 
and  taste  of  cinnamon,  and  is  used  as  such. 

Nectandra  Cymba'ium.  Ocote'a  eymba'rum 
sen  ama'rOf  grows  in  Oronoko,  where  it  is  called 
Sass'afras.  The  bark  is  aromatic,  bitter,  and 
Stomachic;  and  Von  Martius  thinks  it  is  an  in- 
gredient in  the  curare  poison. 

Nbctahdra  Puchuby,  see  Pichurim  beans  — 
n.  Rodiei,  see  Bebeoru. 

NECTAR,  vtKTap,  from  vn,  'a  particle  of  ne- 
gation.' and  KTam,  'to  kill.'  A  pleasant  liquor, 
feigned  by  the  poets  to  have  been  the  drink  of 
the  gods,  and  to  have  rendered  immortal  those 
who  partook  of  it.  A  name  given,  by  the  an- 
cients, to  many  drinks;  and  particularly  to  one 
made  with  wine,  evaporated,  and  sweetened  with 
honey. 

NECTARIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

NECUSIA,  see  Wound. 

NBCYOMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NEDYIA,  Intestines. 

X  V.  DYS,  vrjivs.  The  belly,  abdomen,  stomach, 
literal. 

X  EEDLE,  Sax.  nerd,  nseol.  from  Tent  n  et  en, 
'to  sew.'  Aeus,  Bel'oni,  Raphis,  Raph'inn,  .!■•-'- 
tra,  (F.)  Aiguille.  A  steel  instrument,  used  in 
many  professions.  In  Surgery,  a  steel,  gold,  sil- 
ver, or  platina  instrument,  that  may  be  round, 
flat,  or  triangular,  straight,  or  curved,  supported 
or  not  by  a  handle,  but  having  ultcays  a  point,  by 


NEEDLE-BEARER 


G24 


NEOTLASTY 


means  of  which  it  penetrates  the  textures;  and 
often  having,  either  near  the  point,  or  more  coui- 
monl}',  near  the  other  extremity,  an  aperture  or 
eye  for  the  reception  of  a  thread  or  tape,  which 
it  introduces  into  the  parts.  The  Aiguille  d  ap- 
pareil  of  the  French  is  the  ordinary  sewing  nee- 
dle used  in  the  making  of  bandages,  <&c. 

Needle,  A'cupuncture,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Acu- 
puncture. An  inflexible  gold  or  silver  needle; 
conical,  very  delicate,  four  inches  long,  furnished 
with  a  handle,  and,  at  times,  with  a  canula 
shorter  than  it  by  about  half  an  inch.  An  ordi- 
nary needle,  waxed  at  the  head,  will  answer  as  a 
substitute  for  this.      See  Acupuncture. 

Needle,  Cat'aract,  Acus  ophthul'mica,  (F.) 
Aiguille  u  cataracte.  Needles  of  gold,  silver,  and 
eteel  have  been  used;  the  latter,  alone,  at  the 
present  day.  The  cataract  needle  is  employed 
to  depress  or  tear  the  crystalline  when  opake. 
This  needle  is  usually  made  from  15  to  24  lines 
long;  and  is  attached  to  a  fine  handle.  The  ex- 
tremity may  be,  as  in  Scarpa's  and  Langenbeck's, 
pointed,  prismatic,  triangular,  and  curved;  in 
Dupuytren's  and  Walther's,  flat,  curved,  and 
sharp-edged;  in  Hey's,  flat,  with  a  semicircular 
and  sharp  end ;  or.  as  in  Beer's,  Siebold's, 
Schmidt's.  Himly's,  Von  Grafe's,  &c,  straight 
and  spear-pointed.  A  mark  is  generally  placed 
upon  the  handle  to  inform  the  operator,  —  when 
the  instrument  is  engaged  in  the  eye, — what  side 
corresponds  to  the  crystalline. 

Needle  for  a  Counter- Opening,  Acus  inva- 
gina'ta,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Contre-ouverture  ou  eu- 
gainee  ou  d  gaine,  —  a  long,  narrow  instrument 
of  steel;  the  point  of  which  is  fine  and  sharp  on 
both  sides; — the  heel  (talon)  having  an  aperture 
to  receive  a  thread,  tape,  &c,  provided  with  a 
flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter  than  the  blade,  the 
point  of  which  it  covers  when  passing  through 
parts  that  have  to  be  respected. 

Needle,  Deschamp's,  Paupe's  needle,  (F.) 
Aiguille  de  Deschampn,  A.  d  manche,  &c,  is  the 
last  described  needle,  fixed  to  a  handle.  The  eye 
is  placed  near  the  point.  It  is  employed  in  the 
ligature  of  deep-seated  arteries. 

Needle,  Fis'tula,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Fistule.  A 
long,  flat,  flexible,  silver  instrument;  having  an 
aperture  near  one  extremity  ;  blunt  at  the  other. 
This  was  formerly  used  for  passing  a  seton  into 
fistulous  ulcers.  On  one  of  its  sides  was  a  groove 
for  guiding  a  bistouri  in  case  of  necessity. 

Also,  a  long,  steel  instrument,  terminated  by  a 
point  like  that  of  a  trocar,  which  Desault  em- 
ployed for  penetrating  the  rectum,  when  operating 
for  fistula  that  had  no  internal  aperture. 

Needle.  Hare-Lip,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Bee  de 
Lievre.  A  small,  silver  canula,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  spear-point,  that  can  be  readily  with- 
drawn. This  needle,  armed  with  the  point,  is 
introduced  at  one  side  of  the  fissure  in  the  lip, 
and  through  the  other.  The  twisted  suture  is 
then  applied,  and  the  pin  withdrawn. 

Needle,  Lig'ature,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  ligature. 
A  long,  steel  instrument,  sharp  towards  one  ex- 
tremity, with  an  eye  near  the  other,  which  was 
formerly  used  for  suspending  the  circulation  of 
blood  prior  to  amputation,  by  being  passed  through 
the  limb,  so  as  to  include  the  principal  artery  and 
a  part  of  the  muscles  and  integuments. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
round  towards  one  of  its  extremities,  which  was 
straight,  and  furnished  with  an  aperture;  curved 
and  flat  towards  the  opposite,  which  was  pointed, 
and  had  a  slight  ridge  on  its  concave  side.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  last  century,  this 
instrument  was  used  to  pass  ligatures  around 
vessels. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 


flat,  regularly  curved  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle, 
with  a  sharp  or  lance  point,  and  a  long  eye,  used 
with  advantage  in  place  of  the  last. 

Needle,  Paupe's,  Needle,  Deschamp's. 
Needle,  Seton,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Seton.  A  long, 
narrow,  steel  blade;  pointed  and  sharp  at  one 
extremity  ;  pierced  at  the  other  by  an  aperture. 
The  Aiguille  d  contre-ouverture  may  be  used  for 
the  same  purpose. 

Needle,  Suture,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Suture.    For 
the  twisted  suture,  the  hare-lip  needle  is  used 
for  the  others,  the  straight  or  curved  needle  :  the 
straight  needle  is  preferable  for  stitching  up  the 
abdomen,   <fec,  in  dissection.     In  the    suture  of 
the  tendons,  a  curved  needle  has  been  used  :  flat 
on  both  sides,  and  cutting  only  at  the  concave 
edge,  in  order  that  the  instrument  may  pass  be- 
tween the  tendinous  fibres  without  dividing  them. 
NEEDLE-BEARER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEEDLE-CARRIER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEEM  BARK,  see  Melia  azedarach. 
NEESING,  Sneezing. 
NEFLE,  Mespilus  (the  fruit). 
NEFLIER,  Mespilus. 

NEFREN'DES,  properly,  'sucking  pigs.'  — 
Yarro.  Nodoi,  Eden'tuli  (vr/f  privative,  and  obovs, 
oSovtos,  'a  tooth.')  Persons  devoid  of  teeth. 
Young  children,  for  instance,  who  have  not  cut 
them;  or  aged  persons,  who  have  lost  them. 
This  state  is  called  Ncfrendis,  Nodo'sia,  Odon'tia 
eden'tnla. 

NEGOTIUM  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 
NEGRE  BLANC,  Albino. 
NEGRETIA  PRURIENS,  Dolichos  pruriens. 
NEGRO,  Ni'grita,    (F.)   Negre.      One    of   the 
^Ethiopian  race.     See  Homo  and  Mulatto. 
NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NELERA,  Abdomen. 
NEIGE,  Snow. 
NEIR,  Kidney. 
NEIRA,  Abdomen. 
NEIS,  Nasus. 

NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM,  Yellow  ne'hmlA 
Yellow  water  lily,  Pond  lily.  Water  shield,  Water 
nuts,  Water  chiu'eapin.  Battle  nut,  Sacred  It  an. 
A  beautiful  water  plant,  common  in  the  United 
I  States,  and  belonging  to  Nat.  Ord.  Nymphacea?: 
j  Sex.  Syrt.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves 
are  cooling  and  emollient  when  applied  to  the 
surface.  The  roots,  leaves,  and  nuts  are  eaten. 
The  last  are  called  by  the  Indians  and  others 
wetter  chincapins. 

NELUMBO,  YELLOW,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
NENDO,  Angelica  lucida. 
NENNDORF,    MINERAL     WATERS     OF. 
Nenndorf  is  a  village  three  and  a  half  German 
miles  from  Hanover.    Its  cold  sulphureous  spring 
is  much  celebrated. 

NENUPHAR,  Nymphaea  alba  —  n.  Blanc, 
Nymphaea  alba  —  n.  Jaune,  Nymphaea  lutea  —  n. 
Lutea,  Nymphaea  lutea — n.  Odorant,  Nymphaea 
odorata. 

NEOARTHROSIS,  from  vzos,  'new,' and  ap- 
Opov,  'a  joint.'     A  new  joint;  an  artificial  joint. 

NEOG'ALA,  from  vcos,  'new,'  and  ya^n,  'milk.' 
Milk  secreted  immediately  after  the  colostrum. 
Also,  the  colostrum. 

NEOOENES.  Xonveau-ne". 

NEOGILUS,  Xonveau-ne. 

NEOGNUS,  Nouveau-ne. 

NEOGONUS,  Nouveau-uc. 

NEO-MEMBRAXE.  see  Membrane,  false. 

NEONATUS,  Nouvean-ne. 

NE'OPLASTY,  Neoplas'tice,  from  veos,  'new,' 


NEOSCYTECIIUS 


xr.rimoiD 


.(Tffw,  -\arru,  'I  form.'    An  operative  pro- 

:•  the  formation  of  new  parts.     It  includes 

^otoplasty,  cicatrization  of  wounds,  and  the  for- 

:i  of  adhesions. — Burdach. 

3CYTECUUS,   see    Craquement  de   Cuir 

men/. 

NEOTOCK  TERUS,  rcterus  infantum. 

i  1  l'lA.  Goodyera  pubescens. 
NEP,  N(  ; 

NEPEN'THA  DESTILLATO'RIA,  Bandu'ra, 
plant,  the  root  of  which  is  astringent 
•;.\   rilES,  from  xt),  negative  particle,  and 
A  remedy  much  extolled  by  the 
ust  sadness  and  melancholy, 
women  of  Thebes,  according  to  Diodorus 
;   of  its  com- 
rdinir  to  Homer,  Helen  intro- 
duced i:  from   Egypt.     Some  suppose  it  to  have 
been  opium. 

enthes,  Bangue — n.  Opiatum,  Pilulse  opl- 
tte. 

NEP'ETA,  X.  Cata'ria  sen  vnlga'rit,  Cata'ria 
-.  fterba  feli*,  A  Catmint,  (F.) 

Herbe  aux    Chats,    Cataire,  —  so   called,   I 

fund  of  it.      Ord.  Labia t a?.     The  leaves, 
:'.  e  a  smell  and  taste  like 
;  an  admixture  of  spearmint  and  penny- 
recommended  in  uterine  dis- 
orders,   dyspepsia,   flatulency,    Ac,  like  penny-  j 

and  is  much  used  in  domestic  medicine, 
on  the  American  continent,  in  flatulencies,  Ac., 
of  children. 

Nkpeta    Agrestis,  Melissa  nepeta  —  n.  Gle- 
choina,  Glechoma  hederacea  —  n.  Vulgaris,  Ne- 

NEPHALIOTES,  Temperance. 
NEPHELE,  Enaeorcma,  Nebula. 

[ELION,  Nebula. 
N  E  PH  '  ELOI  D,  XepheloVde*.  Nephelo'des, 
\  ■  .     From    ve^tXri,    'a   cloud,' 

■ad  ciSos,  'resemblance,'     An  epithet  applied  to 
urine  when  it  is  cloudy — Uri'na  injihtlo'des. 
PHOS,  Nebula. 
lIK.KMnKKIl  AGI A.  see  Hematuria. 
NEPHRALGIA,  Dolor  Xephret'icut,  Neural' - 
gin  /,'•  mm,    V.     Xe     a  lephro- 

'rum  vcQpos,  '  a  kidney,'  and  aAyoj,  'pain.' 
•id  neuralgia  in  the  kidney. 

| ! ravel — n.  Calcu- 
ravel — n.  Rheumatica,  Lumbago. 
NEPHRANURIA,  Ichuria  renalis. 
NEPHRAPOS'TASIS,  Xephropyo'tit,  Absee*'- 
twtreua'lia,  from   vappog,  'kidney,'  and  a-joaraan, 
'abs 
NEPHRATON'IA,  from  vetpoc,  'kidney/  and 
'want   of  tone.'      ltennm  uton'ia  seu  pa- 
ay  of  the  ki 
!li:  VUX'E,  fr  m   ;     poi,  'a  kidney.'  and 
■t^ii),  'to  increase.'     Enlargement  of  the  kidney. 
'HRELCO'SIS,     Xrphropyo'si*,     Helco'tia 
pof,  'kidney.'  and  'iXkuch,  '  ul- 
ceration.'    Ulceration  of  the  kidney. 

'HRELMIN'TIC,    Nephrelmin'tici    . 
rtQpof,  'a  kidney."  and  't>/u»j,  'cXfiivOos,  'a  worm.' 
That  which  .  -  the  presence  of  worms  in 

the  kidney. 

'HREMPHRAX'IS,  from  vt<ppt>s,  'a  kid- 
md  ifi+wioow,  '  I  obstruct.'     A   nam. 
hy  Plouc  iction  of  the  kidni 

NEPHRET'IC,    Nej  h   'd'iue,   Nephritic,  X. - 

phrit'irut,  from    ¥tfp»s,  'a  kidney.'      That  which 
-  to    the    kidney.       Ai  .ally,  to 

paii  ;  in  the  kidn 

NBPHRET'ICUM,  m  Materia  Mediea,  means 
40 


a  medicine  employed  for  the  cure  of  diseases  of 
the  kidney. 

NsPBRBTICtTM  Lk;m  M.  Guilandina  Boring*. 
NEPHRET'ICUS    LAPIS,   Talcum    •ephrit'- 

iritm,  (V.)  Pierre  nephritique,  J-ult-  nSphriU  ou 

oriental.      A    preen,   fatty   kind   of   stone,  —  once 

an  amulet  against  epilepey, —  an  absurd 

name,  as  there  can  be  no  Mich  remedy. 

NEPHRIA,  Kidney,  Bright'i  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRLD'ION,  Pimgue'do  rena'lie.  From 
rtc/.poj,  'the  kidney.'  The  fat  which  surrounds 
the  kidneys.  —  Hippocrates. 

NEPHRIDIUM,  Capsule,  renal. 

NEPHRIDIUS,  Nephretic 

NEPHRINB,  Oxyd,  cystic,  Urea. 

NEPHRITE,  Nephritis — n.  Albumineitse,  Kid- 
ney, Blight's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRITES,  Asphaltites. 

NEPHRITIC,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRITICUM  LIGNUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa. 

NEPHRITIS,  Asphaltites. 

Nephbi'tis,  Empree'ma  Nephritit,  from  vc</>pof, 
'kidney,'  and  ifi«,  'denoting  inflammation  ;'  lie- 
nuni  inflamma'tio,  Nephro-phleafmoni,  —  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Kidney,  (F.)  Nephrite,  Inflammation 
des  lieinn,  is  characterized  by  acute  pain  ;  burn- 
ing heat,  and  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the  region 
of  one  or  both  kidneys;  suppression  or  diminu- 
tion of  urine  ;  fever;  dysuria  ;  ischuria;  consti- 
pation, more  or  less  obstinate;  retraction  of  the 
testicle,  and  numbness  of  the  thigh  of  the  same 
side.  It  may  be  distinguished  into  simple  and 
calculous  nephritit — Lithonephritit.  In  the  lat- 
ter, the  urine  often  contains  small  particles  of 
uric  acid  or  of  urate  of  ammonia.  The  most  com- 
mon causes  of  nephritis  are. — excess  in  irritating 
and  alcoholic  drinks;  abuse  of  diuretics;  blows 
or  falls  on  the  region  of  the  kidneys;  the  presence 
of  renal  calculi,  Ac.  It  may  be  distinguished 
from  lumbago  by  the  pain  which  attends  the  lat- 
ter on  the  slightest  motion,  Ac.  It  usually  ter- 
minates by  resolution  in  from  one  week  to  two 
or  three.  It  may,  however,  end  in  suppuration 
— pyonephrite;  or  ma}'  become  chronic — cAroao- 
nlphrite,  (  Piorry. )  In  the  treatment,  anti- 
phlogistic^, as  bleeding,  baths,  &.c,  are  required 
to  the  full  extent;  with  the  use  of  diluents, 
opiates,  Ac. 

Nbphbitim  Albumihbn8I8,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 

:    the  —  n.    AHiiiminosa,    Kidney,    Blight's 

of  the  —  n.  Associated,   Kidney,  Bright's 

disease  of  the — n.  Cachectic,  Kidney,  Blight's  dis- 

;'  the  —  n.  Calcul  Nephritis  —  n. 

Sociata,  Kidney.  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHROCHALAZOSIS,     Kidney,     Bright's 

-c  of  the. 
NEPHROCOCCOSIS,   Kidney,   Bright's   dis- 

!  the. 
NEPHROCYSTO'SIS,  from  ve<Ppo<;,  'a  kidney,' 
and  Kvang.  'a   cy-t   or   bladder.'     A  morbid  con- 
dition, which  consists  in   the  formation  of  cysts 
in  the  bladder. 

NEPHROCOLICA,  Colica  nephretica. 

NEPHRODES,  Nephroid. 

NEPHRODIUM   FILIX    MAS,  Polypodium 

filix  mas. 

NEPHRONS  \PIIY.  from  vf0pOf.  'a  kidney.' 
and  ypaiptj,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROHiB'M]  \".  from  r<*»r,  'kidney,' and 
'aiua,  '  blood.'  Hyperssmia  or  congestion  of  the 
kidney. 

NEPHROID,  Nephrol' det,  Nephro'dee, 

-,  from  vc<pros,  'kidney,'  and  ciiog,  'form, 


NEPHROLITHIASIS 


62G 


NEROXIANA 


resemblance.'    Reniform.    Having  a  resemblance  j 
to  a  kidney  —  as  'nephroid  cancer,'  so  called  be- 
cause the  morbid  growth  resembles  the  kidney  in 
structure. 

NEPHROLITHIASIS,  from  v£#oy,  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  \i9ug,  'a  stone.'  The  disease  of  calculus 
in  the  kidney;  Lith'iu  rena'Us,  Lithi'asis  nephrit'- 
ica,  L.  Rena'Us.     See  Gravel. 

NEPHROLITH'IC,  same  etymon.  Belonging 
to  calculi  in  the  kidneys.  This  epithet  has  been 
applied  to  ischuria,  occasioned  by  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROLITHOTOMY,  Nephrotomy. 
NEPHROL'OGY,  Nephrolog"ia,   from   ve<Ppog, 
'kidney,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  treatise.'     A  treatise  on 
the  kidneys.     Dissertation  on  the   kidneys    and 
their  functions. 

NEPHROMALA'CIA,  from  ve<t>Po5,  'kidney,' 
and  naXaxia,  'softness.'  Softening  of  the  kid- 
ney. 

NEPHROMETR^l,  Psose. 
NEPHRON'CUS,  Tumor  rena'Us,  from  vtfpos, 
'kidney,'  and  oyicoi,  'a  tumour.'     A  tumefaction 
of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPHLEGMAT'ICjA^ro-joA^Hia*'- 
icus,  from  vc$pos,  '  kidney/  and  <p\tyna,  (pXcyfiarog, 
'phlegm.'  A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to 
ischuria  produced  by  mucus  contained  in  the 
urine. 

NEPHROPHLEGMONE,  Nephritis. 
NEPHROPHTHISIS,  from  v£0poy,  'kidney,' 
and<£0i<nj,  'consumption.'     Phthisis  from  suppu- 
ration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPLETHOR'IC,  Nephro-plethor'icus, 
from  vecppos,  'a  kidney,' and  n-A^wpa,  '  plethora.' 
Belonging  to  plethora  of  the  kidneys.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  ischuria  dependent  upon  this  cause. 
NEPHROPY'IC,  Nephro-py' icns,  from  ve<poos, 
'a  kidney,' and  kvov,  'pus.'  Belonging  to  sup- 
puration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPYOSIS,  Nephrapostasis,  Nephrel- 
cosis. 

NEPHRORRHAG'HA,    Hasmatu'ria   rena'Us, 
II(B)iwrrhag"ia  renum,  from  ve<fpog,  'kidney,'  and 
payri,  'rupture;'  Proflu'vium  san'guinis  e  re'nibus. 
Hemorrhage  from  the  kidney. 
NEPHROS,  Kidney. 

NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from  rr<ppo<;,  'kidney,' 
and  axXnpia,  'hardness;'  Indnra'tio  renum.  In- 
duration of  the  kidueys. 

NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  Nephrospas'ticws,  from 
vetipog,  'a  kidney/  and  orraw,  'I  draw.'  That 
which  depends  upon  spasm  of  the  kidney.  An 
epithet  given  to  a  variety  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROTHROM'BOID,  Nephro-ihromloV  > 
des,  from  ve<ppog,  'a  kidney/  and  $poii(Sos,  'a  clot.' 
That  which  depends  upon  clots  of  blood,  con- 
tained in  the  kidneys  or  their  ducts.  An  epithet 
for  a  species  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROTOMY,  Nephro-lithot'omy,  Nephro- 
tom'ia,  Nephro-Uthotom' ia,  Sectio  rena'Us,  S.  re- 
nts, from  vt<ppos,  'a  kidney/  and  renvciv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  kidney.    Also,  an  operation  pro- 
posed with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidney,  by  means  of  an  incision  into  the 
tissue  of  that  organ. 
NEPHRUS,  Kidney. 
NEPIOS,  Infans. 
NEPIOTES,  Infancy. 
NEPTA,  Asphaltum. 
NERA,  Toddy. 
NERANTIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 


NERE.  Kidney. 

j\  ERF,  Nerve — n.  Circonfiexe,  Axillary  nerve 
— n.  Dentaire,  Dental  nerve — n.  Fessier,  Gluteal 
nerve  — n.  Glosso-pharyngien,  Pnaryngo-gluvs,! 
nerve  —  ».  Gustatif,  see  Lingual  nerve  — ;/.  (lnn- 
tatif  innomine,  Trigemini  —  n.  Guttural,  Palatine 
(middle)  nerve  —  n.  Gutturo-palatin,  Palatine 
nerve — n.  Ifonteux,  Pudic  nerve — n.  Lien,  Ciliary 
nerve — n.  hchio-elitorien,  Pndic  nerve — n.  Ischio- 
penien,  Pudic  nerve — n.  Labyrinthique,  Auditory 
nerve — n.  Mentonnier,  Mental  nerve  —  n.  Motewt 
oculaire  externe,  Motor  oculi  externus — n.  Ocula- 
mnsculaire  externe,  Motor  oculi  externus  —  n, 
Oculo-musculaire  interne,  Patheticus  nervus  — 
n.  Pathetique,  Patheticus  nervus  —  n.  Peroniere 
branche,  Popliteal  nerve,  external — n.  Pharyngo- 
glossien,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve — n.  Pneumoga*- 
trique,  Pneumogastric  nerve — n.  Premiere  pain 
traehelienne,  Occipital  nerve — n.  Pretibio-digitul, 
Musculocutaneous  nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerve — n. 
PrStibio-susphalangetaire,  see  Popliteal  nerve  — 
n.  Pretibio  susplantaire,  Tibial  nerve,  anterior  — 
n.  Radio-digital,  Radial  nerve  —  n.  Sciatique 
grand,  Sciatic  nerve,  great  —  n.  Sciatique  jictit, 
Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — n.  Sciatique  poplitS  externe, 
Musculocutaneous  nerve — n.  Sous-occipital,  Oc- 
cipital nerve — iu  Sous-ptibio-femoral,  Obturator 
nerve — n.  Spino-cranio-trapizien,  Spinal  nerve — 
n.  Susmaxillaire,  Maxillary  superior  nerve  —  n| 
Suspubien,  Supra-pubian  nerve  —  n.  Sympathy 
que,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  grand  SympathiquA 
Trisplanchnic  nerve  t-«.  Tibiale  branche,  PopHi 
teal  internal  —  n.  Tracheal,  Laryngeal  inferior 
nerve — n.  Trachelo-dorsal,  Spinal  nerve — n.  Tri- 
jumeau,  Trigemini — n.  d  Trois  cordcs,  Trigemini 

—  n.    Tympanique,  Chorda  tympani n.   Vague, 

Pneumogastric  nerve — n.    Vertebro-digital,  Mus- 
culocutaneous nerve. 

NERFS  BROXCHIQUES,  Bronchial  nerves 
— n.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  nerves — n.  Craniens,  Cere- 
bral nerves  —  n.  Jloteurs  oculaires  communs,  Mo- 
tores  oculorum — n.  Rachidiens,  Vertebral  nerves 
— n.  Sacres,  Sacral  nerves  —  n.  Sous-costales,  In- 
tercostal nerves. 

NERIOX,  Nerium  oleander. 

NERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Neris  is 
on  the  high  road  from  Moulins  to  Limoges,  eighty 
leagues  from  Paris.  There  are  four  springs,  the 
water  of  which  is  clear,  inodorous,  tasteless,  and 
has  an  unctuous  feel.  It  contains  carbonic  acid 
gas,  carbonate  of  soda,  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  silex,  and  an  animal  matter  to 
which  its  'oleaginous'  property  is  probably  owing. 
The  waters  are  generally  used  in  the  form  of 
thermal  baths. 

NE'RIUM,  from  vnpog,  'humid/ because  grow- 
ing in  moist  places.     N.  oleander. 

Ne'rittm  ANTlDYSENTER'lctnr,  Wright'ia  anti- 
dysenter'ica.  The  tree  which  affords  the  Codaga'- 
pala  Bark.  Cones'si  cortex,  Tillicher'ry  cortex, 
Cortex  proflu'vii.  Family,  Apocynea?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)Codagapale,  Cropale. 
The  bark  of  this  Malabar  tree  is  of  a  black  colour, 
externally,  and  is  generally  covered  with  a  white 
moss  or  scurf.  It  has  an  austere,  bitter  taste,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  an  astringent  in  diar- 
rhoea, dysentery,  &c. 

Ne'rium  Olean'der,  Ne'rium,  JRhododaph'nid 
Rosa'go,  (F.)  Laurier  rose,  Laurose,  Neriom 
Rosage,  Rhododaphne.  The  leaves  are  reputed 
to  be  narcotic.  The  infusion  is  employed  inter- 
nally, in  herpetic  affections,  and  the  powder,  in- 
corporated with  lard,  is  used  in  the  itch. 

NERONIA'NA  seu  NERO'NICA  (PHLEBO- 
TOM'L\.)  An  epithet  {riven,  for  some  cause,  to 
phlebotomy,  when  more  than  one  vein  was  opened 


NERPR  UN  r  UR  G  A  TIF 


627 


N E  R\  c 


on  the  same  day,  or  tn  up  *ur  coup. 

i    Neroniana,    because    the    philosopher 
Beneca  was  bled  to  death  under  Nero  [?]. 
NERPRUN  PUROATJF,  Rhamous. 
NERVE,  iron,  vcvpov,  '&  string.' 

Neuron  and  Nervus  meant  also,  with 
tne  ancients,  a   tendon   and  a  ligament,   i 

-./  ;  and  hence  the  different  acceptations  of 
'nervous;'  —  'a  man  of  nerve — a  Btrong,  nervous 
nan;  and  a  weak,  nervous  woman.'     The  nerves 
if  th«'  same  substance  as  that 
which  composes  the  encephalon  and  spinal  mar- 
i  from  one  <>r  other  of  the  ner- 
atres  to  every  part  of  the  body,  comma- 
Bleating,  frequently,  with   each  other;   forming 
sionally, ganglions;  and  being, 
at   length,    lost   in   the   parenohyma  of  organs, 
are  42  pairs,  and.  according  to  their  origin, 
anial  or  Encephalic,  and  Spi- 
ifil.     Each  nerve  is  composed  of  several  filaments 
ar  cords  placed  alongside  each  other,  and  is  sur- 
rounded   by   a    neurilemma.       The    encephalic 
.   in    general,  have    only  one   root  in  the 
brain,  whilst  the  spinal  arise  from  the  marrow  by 
two  roots  :  the  one  from  an  anterior  fasciculus  of 
■laments,  the  other  from  a  posterior,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  Ligamentum  denticulatum  ; 
uniting  outside  this  ligament,  and  presenting,  near 
the   intervertebral   foramen,  a   ganglion  formed 
only  by  the  posterior  root.     The  two  roots  make, 


afterwards,  but  one  nerve:  and,  like  the  encepha- 
lic nerves,  proceed  to  their  destination,  subdi- 
viding into  rami  and  ramu.-eiili,  until  they  are 
finally  lost  in  the  texture  of  the  organs.  The 
trunks    first    funned    are    commonly   round,  and 

i  alone,  or  accompany  the  great  v< 
being  planed  in  the  areolar  .-paces  which  separate 
the  organs,  and  are  thus  protected  from  injury. 
Their  manner  of  termination  we  are  not  acquainted 
with  :  whether  the  nervous  pulp,  for  instance,  as 
is  more  probably  the  fact,  be  distributed  or  1"-: 
in  a  membrai  to  I  e  the  case  with  the 

of  sight,  hearing,  and  smell,  —  • 
looped.  Certain  it  is,  that  there  is  considerable 
difference  in  the  organs,  as  respects  the  quantity 
of  nerves  that  terminate  in  them  ;  and  the  par- 
ticular arrangement  of  the  nervous  extremities. 
Some  organs  have  numerous  nerves  :  oth( 
to  have  none:  a  circumstance  which  influenced 
considerably  the  sensibility  of  parts. 

The  Encephalic  Nerve*  arise  from  the  ence- 
phalon, or  are  inserted  into  it:  (according  as  we 
consider  the  brain  the  origin  or  termination  of  the 
;)  and  make  their  exit  by  foramina  at  the 
1  base  of  the  skull.  They  are  12  in  number.  The 
spinal  nerves  are  31  in  number,  8  cervical,  12 
dorsal,  ■>  lumbar,  and  6  sacral:  the  four  inferior 
cervical  being  much  larger  than  the  superior, 
because  they  furnish  the  nerves  of  the  upper  ex- 


SYXOPTICAL  TAF.LE  OF  THE  NERVES. 


1.    Olfactory  ... 

(1st  pair.) 


I.   Cranial  or  Encephalic  Nerves, 

G.  Jibducentes   . . . 
itith  pair.) 


1   Optic 

pair.) 


:?.  Motor: 

;3d  pair.) 


4.   Pathetici   . .  . 
(4th  pair.) 


5.   I  mr  1 

l5th  pair.) 


Divided  into  internal,  exter- 
nal, and  middle  branch  t 
which  are  distributed  on  the 
Bchneideriau  membrane. 

•  Terminate  in  the  retina. 

Superior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 

superior  ocnli    and    levator 

palpebral  superioris. 
Inferior  Branch.  To  the  rec*TS 

ii  ternUB.  rectus  inferior  and 
oblique    muscles;    a 

filament  which   goes    to   t ii< 

(     ophthalmic  ganglion. 

\  To  the  greater  oblique  muscle 

)     of  the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Bravch.  Divide! 
into  three  branches  1.  The 
lachrymal  branch,  to  the  la- 
chrymal gland  and  upper 
eye-lid.  -2.  Frontal  branch 
to  the  foreh  tad  and  upper 
eyelid.  3.  Masai  branch,  to 
the  eyelids,  nasal  fba 
nose. 

Superior    Maxillary     Branch. 

I.  The  orbitar  branch,  to  the 

orbit    2.  The  p  interior  and 

superior  dental,  to  the  last 

three  molar  teeth  and  gums 

'A.   The    anterior   dental,   to 

the  incitor,  canine,  and  two 

i       Infra  ■ 

orbitar.    to     the     lippet     lip 

eh  !ek,  and  ni 

Inferior  Maxillary  Branoh.    1. 

ml  profound  branches, 

to  the  temporal  muscle.    2. 

rme  brant  h.  to  t li<- 

masseier muscle    :*  Buccal 

to  the  inner  surface  of  the 

Cheek.        I       /'•«  r      .,.,,/.  tO  the 

internal   pterygoid    muscle. 

5,   l.ixi'iuil,   to    the    mucous 

membrane  of  the    long  te 

0.       Inf'  to      the 

i  the  low  er  jaw,  and 
to  the  lower  lip      * 
cuinr  branch,  to  the  pai  ilion 
of  the  ear  and  forehead. 


7.    Facial 

^Portio   dura   of  the<( 
?th  pair.) 


P.  Auditory   ( 

Pnrtio  mollis  of  the. 

"itii  pair  )  | 

9.  Qlosss-pkaryngeal  | 

(Portion    of   the    r\\\< 
pair.)  | 


|  To  the  rectus  exlernus  oculi. 

(1.  At  its  exit  from  the  cra- 
nium, the  posterior  auricu- 
lar, stylohyoid,  and  infra- 
mastoid,  to  the  pavilion  oi 
the  ear.  the  mastoid  process, 
the  digaslricus,  and  the  mus- 
cles attached  to  the  styloid 
proa  - 
2.  Near  the  parotid  gland,  the 

temporal,  m-ilar,  buccal,  su- 
pra-maxillary, and  infra 
maxillary  to  the  whole  su- 
perficies of  the  face. 

To  the  vestibule,  semi  circular 
canals,  and  cochlea. 


10.    Par  Vagum. 

(fill  pair.) 


11.  Spinal  or  Acces- 
sory s/ Willis 


IS.    fliirtnir/nnoat 

(9th  pair.) 


To  the  base  of  the  tongue  and 
pharynx. 

1.  /JV  THE  NECK,  —  n  Vhn 
ryntreal  branch  to  the  pha- 
rynx; superior  laryngeal 
branch  to  the  larynx,  and  to 
some  muscles  Of  the  infe- 
rior hvoid  region.  Cardiac 
branches  to  the  cardiac 
plexus. 

2.  IJY  THE  CHEST.-thfi  in- 
ferior 'arfngeal  branch  to  the 

larvn\      •u/inonnrij  hraiich   H 

w  bich  ((.mi  the  pi  tut  i  i 
th  ■  lame  name  :  " lopkageai 
branches  to  the  OSflophagUS 

3    IJV    THE  JlBDOssJEJ*,- 
g  Uric  branches  to  the  pa- 
re t  -  nf  th..  itomach :  fila- 
ment* w  huh  rro  to  t:, 
bouring  plexuses. 

At  n<  exit  from  the  eranium- 
tbe  accessory  of  the  pttenmo 
gastric  n<  <-rr  anastt 

with     this    nerve.       In     til  • 

neck  filaments  to  the  iras 
peziui  muw  Ii  s 
Cervicalis  dsscsniens,  to  tic 
muscles  ofth  •  inferior  hyold 
region,  and  to  the  cervi  a: 
nerves.  Filaments  to  the 
muscles  of  the  tongue. 


NERVES 


628 


NERVES 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerves. 


1.   Cervical  Nerves. 


1st  Cervical  Pair. 


Cervical  Plexus , 


(Anterior  Branch.  Anastomo- 
<  sing  par  arcade  with  the 
(^     second  pair. 

{Anterior  Branch.      A   branch 
anastomosing  with  the  first 
pair:   a   branch  which  goes 
to  the  cervical  plexus. 
3d    and  4th   Cervical  f  Anterior  Branch.    Concurring 

Pairs t      in  tne  cervical  plexus. 

The  Posterior  Branch  of  these  four  pairs  ramifies  on 
the  occiput  and  muscles  of  the  superficial  and  deep- 
seated  cervico-occipital  regions. 

Descending  Branches.  —  1.  In- 
ternal descending,  anasto- 
mosing with  a  branch  of 
the  hypoglossus.  2.  Plirenic 
branch,  to  the  diaphragm. 
3.  External  descending  bran- 
ches, dividing  into  supra- 
clavicular, supra-acromial. 
infra-clavicular,  and  cervi- 
cales  profundi,  to  the  mus- 
cles and  integuments  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  chest  and 
shoulder,  to  the  trapezius, 
levator  scapulas,  rhomboid- 
eus.  &c. 
Ascending  Branches. — 1.  Mas- 
toid, to  the  posterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  head  and 
the  inner  surface  of  the  pa- 
vilion of  the  ear.  2.  Auricu- 
lar, to  the  parotid  gland  and 
pavilion  of  the  ear. 
Superficial  Cervical  Branches. 
(2.)  To  the  platysma  m}-oi- 
des,  digastricus.  the  integu- 
ments of  the  neck,  &c. 
Anterior  Branches.  Assisting 
in  the  formation  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus. 
hih,  6th,  and  1th  Cer- ,  Posterior  Branches.  To  the 
muscles  and  integuments 
of  the  posterior  part  of  the 
neck  and  upper  part  of  the 
back. 
1.  Thoracic  Branches.  (2.)  to 
the  anterior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  chest.  2.  Supra- 
scapular!/ branch  to  the  mus- 
cles of  the  posterior  scapular 
region.  3.  Infra-scapulary 
branches  (3.)  to  the  subsca- 
pularis,  teres  major,  teres 
minor,  and  latissimus  dorsi. 
4.  The  brachiul  interna  cu- 
taneous, to  the  integuments 
of  the  palmar  and  dorsal 
surfaces  of  the  forearm,  near 
the  ulnar  margin.  5.  The 
brachial  external  cutaneous. 
principally  to  the  integu- 
mpnts  of  the  palmar  and 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  fore- 
arm, near  the  radial  margin. 

6.  The  median  nerve,  to  the 
forearm,  hand,  and  palmar 
surface    of   all    the    fingers. 

7.  The  cubital  nerve,  to  the 
last  two  fingers.  8.  The  ra- 
dial, to  the  first  three.  9. 
The  axillary,  around  the 
shoulder-joint,  and  to  the 
neighbouring  muscles. 

2.  Dorsal  Nerves,  (Nervi  dorsales.) 

To  the  bra- 


vical  Pairs. 


Brachial  Plexus.. 


4th.  hth,  6th,  and  1th 
Dorsal  Pairs 


Sth,    9th,    10th,    and 
11th  Dorsal  Pairs... 


integuments  of  the  chest,  the 
obliquus  externus  abdomi- 
nis, and  the  skin  of  the  ab- 

[     domen. 

(Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  transver- 
saiis,  obliquus  intern  us,  and 
rectus  muscles,  and  to  the 
skin  of  the  abdomen.  2.x- 
ternal  branches,  to  the  in- 
teguments of  the  chest,  and 
to  the  muscles  and  skiu  of 
the  abdomen. 
'Anterior  Branch.  To  the  first 
lumbar  nerve,  and  to  the 
muscles  and  skin  of  the  ab- 
domen as  far  as  the  iliac 
crest. 

The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles  and  integuments  of  the 
back  and  loins. 


12th  Dorsal  Pair. 


3.  Lumbar  Ne 


1st.  2d,   3d.   and  4th 
Lumbar  Pairs 


hth  Pair. 


(Anter 


Lumbar  Plexus,. 


Anterior  Branch 
chial  plexus. 
2d    and     3d    Dorsal  (Anterior  Branches.     An   inter- 

Pairs \     costal  and  brachial  branch. 

Anterior    Branches.      Internal 

branches,  to  the  intercostals, 

triangularis     sterni,    pecto- 

ralis  major,  and  to  the  skin. 

(_     External     branches    to    the 


1st  Dorsal  Pair 


4th.  hth,  6th,  and 
Dorsal  Pairs 


■tJi 


Anterior    Branches.      Concur- 
to    form    the    lumbar 
exus. 
("  Anterior  Branch.     Aiding   in 
\     forming  the  sciatic  plexus. 
The  Posterior  Branches  cf  the  lumbar  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  loins,  sacrum,  and  nates. 

1.  Musculocutaneous  Branches, 
to  the  number  of  three.  One 
superior,  to  the  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  to  the  fold  of 
the  groin,  and  the  scrotum: 
a  middle,  to  the  integuments 
and  muscles  of  the  abdomen  : 
and  an  inferior,  to  the  skin 
of  the  thigh.  2.  A  genito- 
crurul  branch  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  scrotum,  the 
groin,  and  the  thigh.  3.  The 
crural  nerve,  to  the  integu- 
ments and  muscles  of  the 
thigh,  skin  of  the  leg,  and 
foot.  4.  The  obturutnr  nerve, 
to  the  muscles  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh.  5.  The 
lumbosacral,  to  the  sciatic 
plexus.  It  gives  off  the  glu- 
teal nerve  to  the  glutei 
muscles. 

4.  Sacral  Nerves. 

i  *    „j    oj         j    ah  ( Anterior  Branches.    Thev  form 
1st    2d    3d,  and  4th  \     hy  their  unkm   tbe  -sdatk. 

Sacral  Pairs |     pjexug 

(Anterior    Branches.      To    the 

bth  and  6th  Pairs <      parts  in  the  vicinity  of  the 

(     coccyx. 
The  Posterior  Branches  ramify  on  the   muscles   and 
integuments  of  the  nates. 

1.  Hemorrhoidal  nerres.  to  the 
rectum.  2.  Vesical,  to  the 
bladder.  3.  Uterine  and  va- 
ginal, to  the  vagina  and 
uterus.  4.  Inferior  gluteal. 
to  the  gluteal  muscles,  peri- 
naeum,  and  integuments  of 
the  posterior  part,  of  the 
thigh.  5.  Pudic.  to  the  pe- 
rineum, penis,  or  vulva,  6. 
Sciatic,  divided  into  the  ex- 
ternal popliteeal,  which  rami- 
fies on  the  integuments  and 
muscles  of  the  external  side 
of  the  leg.  on  the  dorsum  of 
the  foot,  and  the  dov<;il  sur- 
face of  the  toes:  and  into 
the  internal  popliteal,  distri- 
buted on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  two  last  toes,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  foot,  and  on 
the  plantar  surface  of  all 
the  toes. 


Sciatic  Plexus., 


NERVES 


629 


N  E II V  E  S 


isifications  of  the  nerves  have  been  recom- 
mended according  to  their  uses,  in  preference  to 
the  ordinary  anatomies!   arrangement.     It    baa 

marked   that    the   encephalic   nerves  have 
illy   one   root;    the   Bpinal   two.      Experi- 
ment*   and    pathological    facte    have     prored, 
that  the  anterior  column  of  the  marrow  and  the 

anterior  roots  of  the   spinal  nerves  are  inservient 
to   volition    or    voluntary    motion  :    and    that    the 
ir    column    and    roots    are    destined    for 
ility.    Hence  the  spinal  nerves,  which  have 
two  roots,  must  be  the  conductors  both  of  motion 
and  feeling;  whilst  the  encephalic,  which,  with 
hut  few  exceptions,  have  but  one,  can  poss 
one  of  these  properties  : — they  must  be  eith 
stftve  or  motor,  according  as   they  arise  from  the 
r    or    anterior    column    of   the    medulla: 
Dsequently,  three  classes  of  nerves  may  be 
distinguished. 

f  Arising,    by    a    single    root, 
-     ™         _  from  the  posterior  column 

^ ")       of  the    medulla  oblongata 

[      or  spinal  marrow. 

(Arising,  by  a  single  root, 
from  the  anterior  column 
of  the  same  parts. 

.    (Which  have  two  roots:  one 
•  >ri/       (mil  .  ,  .     .  , 

,,  <       from  the  anterior,  and  one 

M.OtOt ,.  ,,  . 

(_      lrum  the  posterior  column. 

rding  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  the  medulla  ob- 

imposed   of   three   columns  on  each 

side:    an    anterior,   a    middle,    and    a   posterior. 

Whilst  the  anterior  and  posterior  columns  pro- 
dace  the  nerves  of  morion  and  sensation  respec- 
tively, the  middle,  according  to  Sir  Charles, 
f  nerves  —  the  respira- 
tory.    To  this  order  belong: — 

1.  Th*>    accessory   nerve   of  Willis,   or   superior 

n  tpiratory, 

2.  The  par  vagum. 

-o-  pharyngeal. 
4.  Tlie  facial  or  respiratory  of  the  face. 

■  phrenic. 
h.  A   nerve  which   has   the    same   origin    as   the 
phrenic; — the  external  respiratory. 

i  a  horse  has  been  hard-ridden,  every  one 
of  the-  -  in  action. 

This  division  is  now.  however,  generally  aban- 
and   there   does   not   seem   to  be  a  third 
column,  especially  destined  for  respiration. 

Sir    •'.     Bell,    again,    reduced    the    system    of 

that  are 
,  primitive,  symmetrical,  and  common  to 
all  animals,  from  the  worm  to  man,-  which  have 
double  root-,  and  preside  over  sensibility  and 
motion  :  and,  2.  The  irregular  or  superadded, 
which  are  added  to  the  preceding,  in  proportion 
irganization  of  animals  offers  new  or  more 
Complicated  organs.     To  the  first  class  belong  all 


the  spinal  nerves  and  at  least  one  encephalic  — 
the  5tb  pair;  —  to  the  second,  the  rest  of  the 
nervous  system. 

l>r.  Marshall  Hall  has  proposed  a  division  of 
the  nervoni  system,  which  is  calculated  to  ex- 
plain many  of  the  anomalous  circuinMai 
frequently  witnessed.  He  proposes  to  divide  all 
the  nerves  into,  1.  The  cerebral  or  the  I 
and  voluntary.  2.  The  true  spinal  or  excito-mo- 
tory.  '•'>.  The  ganglionic  or  cyclo-gangliouic, — 
the  nutrient  and  secretory.      If  the   sentient  and 

voluntary  functions  be  destroyed  by  a  blow  upon 

the  bead,  the  sphincter  muscles  will  still  contract 
when  irritated,  because  the  irritation  i-  001 
to  the  spine,  and  the  reflex  action  takes  place  to 
the  muscle  SO  as  to  throw  it  into  contraction.  But 
if  the  spinal  marrow  be  now  destroyed,  the 
sphincters  remain  entirely  motion! 
the  centre  of  the  system  is  destroyed.  Dr.  Hall 
thinks  that  a  peculiar  set  of  nerves  constitutes, with 
the  vesicular  centre  of  the  marrow  as  their  axis, 
the  second  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system  ;  and 
as  those  id'  the  first  subdivision  are  distinguished 
into  sentient  and  voluntary,  these  may  be  distin- 
guished into  the  excitor  and  motory.  The  fust, 
or  the  excitor  nerves,  pursue  their  course  princi- 
pally from  internal  surfaces,  characterized  by  pe- 
culiar excitabilitiea,  to  the  centre  of  the  medulla 
oblongata  and  m.  spinalis :  the  second,  or  the  motor 
nerves,  pursue  a  reflex  course  from  the  medulla 
to  the  muscles,  having  peculiar  actions  concerned 
principally  in  ingestion  and  egestion.  The  mo- 
tions connected  with  the  first  or  cerebral  subdi- 
vision are  sometimes,  indeed  frequently,  sponta- 
neous;  those  connected  with  the  true  spinal  are, 
he  believes,  always  excited.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  too, 
that  there  is  good  reason  for  viewing  the  fifth, 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves  as  constituting  an 
external  ganglionic  system  for  the  nutrition  of 
the  external  organs;  and  he  proposes  to  divide 
the  ganglionic  subdivision  of  the  nervous 
into,  1.  The  interval  ganglionic,  which  includes 
that  usually  denominated  the  sympathetic,  and 
probably  filaments  of  the  pnenmogastrie ;  and, 
2.  The  externa/  ganglionic,  embracing  the  fifth 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves.  To  the  cerebral  sys- 
tem he  assigns  all  diseases  of  sensation,  percep- 
tion, judgment,  and  volition  —  therefore  all  pain- 
ful, mental,  and  comatose,  and  some  paralytic 
as.  To  the  true  spinal,  txcito-motory, 
.  or  diastaltic  tier  conn  ityxtem,  belong  all 
Bpasmodio  and  certain  paralytic  diseases.  He 
properly  adds,  that  these  two  parts  of  the  ner- 
VOU8  system  influence  each  other  both  in  health 
and  disease,  as  they  both  influence  the  gauglio- 
nic  system. 

The  main  views  of  Dr.  Hall  on  the  excito-nio- 
tory  function  have  been  generally  embraced. 

The  following  tabular  view  of  the  arrangement 

and  connexions  of  the  nerves  ami  nervous  centres 

ha-    been   given    by    Pr.  Carpenter.     It  affords  a 

good  general  view,  although  some  of  the  details 

i  uiij'ht  admit  of  modification. 


NERVES 


630 


NERVES 


Tabular  View  of  the  Nervous  Centres. 


f  Cerebral  Ganglia,  1 

Afferent     fibres     derived   |  the  seat  of  the  formation  of  Ideas,  and  the  instrument  |  Afferent 


fibres     derived 


from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef-  !  of  the  Reasoning  processes  and  Will;  participating  also   !  from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef- 
ferent fibres  transmitted  '   with  the  Sensorv  Gans-lia  in  the  formation  of  the  Emo-  :  ferent  fibres  transmitted 


to  motor  centres. 


with  the  Sensory  Ganglia  in  the  formation  of  the  Emo- 
tions; and  thus  the  original  source  of  Voluntary  and 
Emotional  movements. 


ferent  fibres  transmitted 
I  to  motor  centres. 


Afferent     fibres     derived  "| 

from  posterior  column  of  |  Cerebellic  Ganglia, 

spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres   )■  for  harmonization  of  muscular  actions;  including 

transmitted  into  posterior  the  ganglionic  centre  of  the  sexual  sense  (?). 

column.  J 


f  Afferent     fibres    derived 
|  from  posterior  column  of 

also  -i  spinal  cord :  efferent  fibres 
I  transmitted  into  motor 
I.  column. 


Cranio-Spinal  Axis, 

or  centre  of 
Automatic  actions; 
including — 
Radiating  fibres  to  Cere-  ") 

bral  Ganslia;— Nerves  of  j  Sensory  Ganglia, 

Common  and  Special  Sen-  |  the  seat  of  Sensation,  and  centre  of  Consensual  Cor  In- 


f  Radiating  fibres  to  Cere- 
I  bral  Ganglia; — Nerves  of 


^j-  j   Common  and  Special  Sen- 
tjon;  —  Motor     nerves  f  stinctive)  movements,  or  of  Automatic  actions  involving  ]  sation;  —  Motor     nerve* 


forming  part  of  general 
motor  system. 


r         s  *j 

Respiratory 

c-H  j 

Afferent 

•*- 

and 

Stomato-Gastric 
Ganglia, 

e  o  .s 

and  motor 

~r-    T?  -A 

forming  the  true 

l'i-5 

g  X    >» 

«l  8 

nerves  of               < 

centres  of  the 

Respiration, 

Medulla.  Oblongata  ; 

Deglutition,  &c. 

instruments  of  Reflex 

a.  m  3 
IT    Z.-J2 

C  .5  _ 

£  ~J 

movements  or  automa- 

f&8 

tic  actions  independent  of 

H    T   12 

I    ra.? 

sensation. 

Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Bpinal  Nerves. 


irg.ll 

E  S  |  ? 


Spinal 

Ganglion,  or 

2V»e  Spinal  Cord, 

consisting  of  a 
coalesced  series  of 
segmental  ganglia, 
the  instru- 
ments of  Reflex 
operations,  or  Au- 
tomatic actions  in- 
dependent of  Sensa- 
tion. 


■&.S. 


Eg 


=  5.2  >> 


|   forming   part  of  general 
I.  motor  system. 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration, 

Deglutition,  <to 


&,£ 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nerves. 


The  nerves  are  sheathed,  and  are  united  to  the 
neighbouring  parts,  by  an  abundant  layer  of  fatty 
areolar  texture,  which  sends,  inwards,  prolonga- 
tions that  separate  the  nervous  cords  and  fila- 
ments from  each  other.  The  arterial  trunks, 
distributed  to  them,  transmit  branches  into  their 
interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not  easily  traced 
even  on  the  greatest  trunks. 

Nerve,  Accessory,  of  Willis,  Spinal  nerve 
—  n.  Articular,  Axillary  nerve  —  n.  Buccinator, 
Buccal  nerve. 

Nerve  Cells,  see  Neurine  —  n.  of  Cotunnius, 
Nasopalatine  nerve. 

Nerve,  Femoral  Cutaneous,  see  Genito-cru- 
ral  nerve  —  n.  Fenioro-popliteal,  lesser,  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Nerve  Fibres,  Fila  ner'vea.  Fibres  ner'vea?. 
In  the  nerves  of  the  higher  animals,  two  forms  of 
nerve  fibre  exist — the  tubular,  and  the  gelatinous. 
In  the  minute  fibrils  or  tubules,  Tu'buli  ner'vei, 
full  of  nervous  matter,  which  constitute  the  former, 
there  is  a  difference  between  the  central  and  pe- 
ripheral portion: — the  former  has  been  called  the 
axis  cylinder  and  primitive  band  ;  the  latter,  the 
medullary  or  white  substance  of  Schwann, — being 
that  to  which  the  peculiarly  white  aspect  of  ce- 
rebrospinal nerves  is  principally  due.  In  the 
gelatinous  fibre,  no  tubular  envelope  can  be  dis- 
tinguished, and  the  white  substance  of  Schwann 
seems  to  be  wanting.  It  contains  numerous  cell- 
nuclei.     See  Neurine. 


Nerve,  Genital,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n. 
Genito-crural,  see  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Glu- 
teal of  the  Sacral  plexus,  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — 
n.  Gustatory,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Inguinal, 
internal,  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  of  Jacobson, 
see  Petrosal  ganglion — n.  Lateral  nasal,  Spheno- 
palatine nerve — n.  Lingual,  Hypoglossal  nerve — - 
n.  Naso-ocularis,  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Nasopalpe- 
bral, Nasal  nerve — n.  Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic 
nerve  —  n.  Ocular,  Optic  nerve  —  n.  of  Organic 
life,  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  Palpebro-frontal, 
Frontal  nerve  —  n.  Popliteal  internal,  Tibial 
nerve,  posterior. 

Nerve  Power,  Nervous  power. 

Nerve,  Respiratory,  of  the  Face,  Facial 
nerve — n.  Respiratory,  superior,  Spinal  nerve — n. 
Scapulo-humeral,  Axillary  nerve — n.  Scrotal,  see 
Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Spiral,  Radial  nerve — n. 
Spiral,  muscular,  Radial  nerve — n.  Sub-oecipital, 
Occipital  nerve  —  n.  Sub-pubian,  Genito-crural 
nerve — n.  Superficial  temporal,  Auricular  nerve — 
n.  Sympathetic,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n. Temporal 
cutaneous,  Auricular  nerve  —  n.  Ulnar,  Cubital 
nerve — n.  Vidian,  Pterygoid  nerve — n.  of  Wris* 
berg,  see  Cutaneous  nerves  —  n.  Zygoinato-auri- 
cular,  Auricular  nerve. 

NERVES,  COSTAL,  Intercostal  nerves  — n. 
Dorsal,  Intercostal  nerves  —  n.  Eighth  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric  —  n.  Encephalic,  first  pair,  Olfac- 
tory nerves — n.  Encephalic,  eleventh  pair,  Spinal 
nerves — n.  Ethmoidal,  Olfactory  nerves — n.  Fifth 
pair,  Trigemini — n.  Fourth  pair  of,  Patheticus  ner- 


XERVKl'X 


N EURALGIA 


rus — n.Infra-orbitarfSub-orbit»r  nerves — n.Ninth 
pair"'.  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Ocalo>museular, 
aomnion,  Motorea  oculorum —  n.  Phrenic,  Dia- 
phragmatic nerves — d.  Recurrent,  Laryngeal  infe- 
r  -n.  Sixth  pair  of.  Motor  oculi  externus 

—  11.  Spinal,  Vertebra]  nerves  —  n.  Tentb  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric--n. Third  pair  of,Motores  oculorum. 
NERVE  UX.  Nervous. 

NERVI    Al  ROMIAL1  3,  ial  nerves  — 

yuii.   [nnominati  norvi— n.  Claviculares, 

i  ilar  nerves — n.  Cutanei  clunium  inferiores, 

itic  nerve,  lesser  —  n.  Divisi,  Trigemini — 

baenontes,  Afferent  nerves— n.  Gustatorii, 

Trigeuiini. 

i   Mollks.     ' Soft  nerves.'     The  anterior 

branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 

sympathetic,  which  accompany  the  carotid 

and  its  branches,  around  which   they  form 

intrici-  -.    and,    here    and    there,    small 

ey  are  called  mollis  from  their  soft- 

:  nd  aubru'fi,  from  their  reddish  hue. 

.1   Odoratorii,  Olfactory  nerves  —  n.  Ro- 
l  .   Laryngeal   inferior  nerves  —  n.  Subrufi, 

ITervi  moll es — n.  Vulneratio,  Neurotrosis. 

RVIMO'TION,    Xervimo'tio,   from    nervut, 

.'  and  motlo,  'motion.'     A  name  given,  by 

M.  Dutrochet,  to  the  movement  which  is  caused 

in  the  organs  of  the  senses  by  external  agents, 

and  transmitted  to  the  muscles  by  the  di  i 

NERVIMO'TOR,     1.     Xervin'ioteur.     An  epi- 
thet given,  by  M.  Dutrochet,  to  external 
which  are  capable  of  causing  nervimotion. 

NERVINE,    Xervi'inw,     Xeurot'ic,     Xeurit'ie, 

Antineurotic,    Antiiienropath'ic,      !'.     Xtvrotique, 

.   'a  nerve.'     A  medicine  which  acts 

us  system. 

LVOl'S,    Xerro'aua,    Xeuro'dea,    Xer'veus, 

Same    etymon.     Re- 

g  to  the  nerves.     Strong.    Also, 

. 

Altaque  d- 
affection  accompanied  with  spasm,  pain,  and  dif- 
mpt<  ms,  to  which  impressible 
individuals  are  liable. 

Niks  Centres,  nervous. 

ous   Diath'esis  is  termed  Atax'ia  apiri- 
[noina'lia    nerro'rum,  Status   ue)"Vo't 
u    <  'oimtitn'tio    )u 

-  means  unu- 
sual impressibility  of  the  nervous  system.     For- 
merly,  it  signified   strength,  force,   and   vigour, 
ly,  it  has   been  applied  to  a  hypochondri- 
ndition   verging  upon   insanity,  occasion- 
illy  oc-urring  in  those  in  whom   the  brain  has 
ked;  —  a   condition    termed    by 
p'athy ;   by  others,  brain-fay. 

-'.     !'.     Ma- 

seated   in  the  ner- 

purely   functional   disea 

.    l>r.    Laycock    has    given    the    name 

and  to  the  clii  i  cs  he  applies 

thet  io  ura'tnic. 

■  us  principle,  Fln'idum 

seu  Liq'uidum  ner' renin,  Suet  SJotVirm 

The  fluid  which  is  supposed  to  circulate 

-.  and  which  has  been  regarded 

agent  of  sensation   and  motion.     Of  this 

fluid  we  know  nothing,  except  that  it  resi 

■  lectric   or  galvanic.     It 
was  formerly  called  Animal  apirita,  Spir'itua  ani- 

in.r. 

Pais,  Neuralgia, 

icer,    Via   n< 
u't'iiii't,   Xeitrodu'namia. 
thibited  in  the  liv- 
nism. 

rvous  fluid. 

:  1  nervous 

fent:  :  collectively.     See  Nen 


VATIC    FiVC- 
Trisplanchnio  nerve  —  n.  System,  _ 
oiiie,    see    Trisplanchnic    ner\e  —  n.    System,   or- 
isplanchnio  nerve — n.  Bystem  of  t lie 
.  Medulla  oblongata  —  n.  System  of  volun- 
tary motion,  Ac.,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NFK\  OUSH  ESS,  N<  rv<  as  diatl 

NERVI  S]   see    Nerve,    Penis— n.  Aensticns, 
Auditory  nerve — n.  Ambalatorius,  Pnenn 
nerve — n.  Anonymus.  Trigemini — n.  Auditorhis, 
Auditory  ncrvt — n.  Caroticus,  Carotid  nerve— v.. 
Cervioo-faoialis,  Cervieo-facial  nerve — n.  Com- 
municans  faciei,  Facial  nerve — n.  Cutanei 
mis,  see  Saphenous  nerves—  n.  Cutaneua  internal 
Saphenous  nervea — n.  Decimus,  Pneu- 
rtric — n.  Ganglionicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve 
— n.  (ienito-cruralis,  (Jciiito-crurul  nerve — n.  Uy- 
isus,  Hypoglossus. 

N  i  i:\is  [mpar.  A  prolongation  of  the  neuri- 
lemma below  the  lower  extremity  of  the  spiral 
cord,  as  a  fibrous  filament,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  base  of  the  coccyx.  It  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  nerve  : — hence  its  name. 

Nl  i:\ts  Incisivis,  Incisive  nerve  —  n.  Inno- 
minatus,  Trigemini — n.  Iscbiadicus,  Sciatic  nerve 
— n.  Juvenilis.  Penis — n.  Latus,  Aehillis  tendo — 
n.  Lingualia  lateralis,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve  — 
j  n.  Lingualis  Pedius,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Lo- 
quSUS,  Hypoglossus  —  n.  Lumbo-inguinalis.  Ge- 
,  nito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Mixtus,  Trigemini  —  n. 
Museuli  pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  nerve  —  n.  Naso- 
ciliaris,  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Opticus,  Optic  nerve  — 
n.  PneumogastricuS]  Pneumogastric  — n.  Puden- 
dus  externus,  see  Gcnito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Quin- 
tus,  Trigemini — n.  Spermaticus,  see  Genito-crural 
nerve — n.  Subcntaneus  malsB,  Orbitar  nerve — n. 
Sympathetieus  medius,  Trigemini,  Pneumogastrio 
nerve  —  n.  Sympathetieus  magnns,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve  —  n.  Sympathetieus  minor.  Facial  nerve — 
n.  Sympathicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Sympa- 
thicus  medius,  Trigemini  —  n.  Temporo-facialis, 
TempoTO-facial  nerve  —  n.  Timidus,  Motor  oculi 
externus  —  n.  Tremellus,  Trigemini  —  n.  Tris- 
planchnicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Trochlearis, 
Patheticus  nervus  —  n.  Vagus,  Pneumogastrio 
nerve  —  n.  Vagus  cum  accessor! o,  Spinal  nerve 
— n.  Vaso-motorius,  Trisplanchnic  nerve.     . 

N  BS,  Nasus. 

N  BSPITB,  Melissa  calamintha. 

NESTLA,  Jejunum. 

-  i  I  ATRIA,  Limotherapeia. 
N  BSTIS,  Jejunum. 

-  !  [THERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 
NESTOTHERAPBIA,  Limotherapeia. 

1  ROOT,  Monotropa  oniflora, 

NETLEAF,  Goodyera  pubescent, 

NETTING,  Urine. 

NETTLE,  ARCHANGEL,  WHITE,  Lamium 
album — n.  Lay,  Lamium  album  — n.  Dead.  La- 
mium album,  L.  amplexicaule — n.  Dwarf,  Drtica 
arena — n.  Hedge,  Galeopsia — n.  Horse,  Solanum 
Carolinense — n.  Pill-hearing,  Urticaria  pilulifera. 

Nktti.i:  Hash.  Urticaria — n.  Springe,  Urticaria. 

Nkttlb,  Siinoim.,  Common,  CTrtica. 

Nit  i  i.t  Tri  r.  Celtis  occidentalis. 

N  BTWI  IRT,  Q '.vera  pub  )i 

NEURADYNAMIA,  Neurasthenia, 

N  BUB  .I'M  I  A.  - 

NE1   K.KMlt',  see  Nervous  diseat 

NEURAL  j  from  vcvpov,  'a  nerve.'  Relating 
to  a  nerve  or  to  the  nervoua  sygfe  in. 

Ni.i  i: a i.  Ami  ii.     The  arch  formed  by  tl 
terior  projections  connected  with  the  body  of  the 
vertebra,  which  protect  the  medulla. 

Niiiiai.    A\i^.    see    Eneephalon  —  n.    B] 
Spinous  pro 

NEURAL'GIA,    from    vtvpov,    'a    nerve,'    ami 

a\yoi,  'pain.'       Ii'li'  niiintix'i mis   s/iit'rius  iioiv/mik, 
ijn'ia,    (F.)    Xtiralyie,    Xiviudynie,    Xer~ 


NEURALGIA 


632 


NEURILEMMITIS 


vous  pain.  A  generic  name  for  a  certain  number 
of  diseases,  the  chief  S3rmptom  of  which  is  a  very 
acute  pain,  exacerbating  or  intermitting,  which 
follows  the  course  of  a  nervous  branch,  extends 
to  its  ramifications,  and  seems,  therefore,  to  be 
seated  in  the  nerve.  The  principal  neuralgia? 
have  been  distinguished  by  the  names  facial  (of 
which  the  infra-orbitar,  maxillary,  and  frontal 
are  but  divisions) — the  ilio-scrutal,  femoro-popli- 
teal,  fetnoro-pretibial,  plantar,  and  cubito-digital. 
A  division  of  anomalous  neuralgiee  has  likewise 
been  admitted. 

All  varieties  of  neuralgia  are  obstinate,  and  the 
greatest  diversity  of  means  has  been  made  use 
of: — bleeding,  general  and  local,  —  emetics,  pur- 
gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual  cautery, 
narcotics,  mercurial  frictions,  electricity;  de- 
struction of  a  portion  of  the  nerve,  &c.  The 
most  successful  remedy,  perhaps,  is  the  carbo- 
nate of  iron,  given  in  doses  of  some  magnitude; 
as,  for  instanee,  gss  or  ^ij.  twice  or  thrice  a  day, 
in  molasses.  This  plan  of  treatment,  continued 
for  a  month  or  two,  will  often  relieve,  and 
ultimately  remove  this  much  dreaded  affection. 
The  mode  in  which  it  acts  is  by  no  means  clear: 
but  it  is  almost  as  certain  as  any  other  remedy 
used  in  disease  in  producing  its  salutary  effects. 
The  bowels  must  be  kept  free;  and  all  inflam- 
matory symptoms  removed  during  its  adminis- 
tration. 

Neural'gia,  Axom'alous.  Under  this  name 
Chaussier  has  included  different  neuroses,  some 
of  which  are  characterized  by  acute  pains  circum- 
scribed within  a  short  compass,  or  extending  by 
irradiations,  but  not  having  their  seat  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve;  and  others  which  are  occa- 
sioned by  tumours  in  the  course  of  a  nerve,  or 
which  succeed  contusions  or  incomplete  divisions 
of  nerves. 

Neuralgia  Brachialis,  Brachialgia — n.  Bra- 
chio-thoracica,  Angina  pectoris  —  n.  Cerebralis, 
Hemicrania — n.  Coeliaca,  Neuralgia  of  the  solar 
plexus  (Romberg)  —  n.  Cruralis,  N.  femoro-ti- 
bialis. 

Neuralgia  Cu'bito-Digjtalis,  Is'chias  ner- 
vosa digita'lis.  In  this  variety  the  pain  extends 
from  the  part  where  the  nerve  passes  under  the 
inner  condyle  to  the  back  of  the  hand  and  to  its 
cubital  edge.        S 

Neuralgia  Dextalis,  Odontalgia  nervosa. 
Neuralgia,  Fa'cial,  Neuralgia  fa'ciei,  Tris- 
mus maxilla' ris  seu  Dolorif'icus  seu  Clon'icus, 
Opsial'yia,  Dolor  cru'cians  faciei  seu  faciei  pe- 
riod'icus,  Hemicra'nia  idiopath'ica,  Autal'gia 
doloro'sa,  Tic  douloureux,  Dolor  faciei  seu  faciei 
ti/p'ico  charaete' re  seu  faciei  Fotheryill'i,  Rheu- 
matis'mus  cancro'sus,  Rhematis'mns  larva'tus.  Pro- 
sopalgia, Prosopodi/n'ia,  Febris  top'ica,  Ophthal- 
modyn'ia  period'ica,  Tortu'ra  Oris,  Affectus  spas- 
modico-convulsi' vus  Labia' rum,  Face  ague,  is  cha- 
racterized by  acute  lancinating  pains,  returning 
at  intervals;  and  by  twinges  in  certain  parts  of 
the  face,  producing  convulsive  twitches  in  the 
corresponding  muscles.  It  may  be  seated  in  the 
frontal  nerve,  in  the  infra-orbitar,  or  in  the  max- 
illary branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 

Metopodyn'ia,  Brow-ague,  Neural'gia  fronta'- 
lis,  Ophthalmodyn'ia,  Tic  douloureux.  Dolor  pe- 
riod'icus,  &c,  commences  at  the  superciliary  fora- 
men and  extends  along  the  ramifications  of  the 
frontal  nerve  that  are  distributed  on  the  forehead, 
upper  eyelid,  caruneula  lacrymalis,  and  nasal 
angle  of  the  eyelids.  Sometimes  it  is  felt  parti- 
cularly in  the  orbit. 

Neuralgia  infra-orbita'ria,  Dolor  faciei  atrox, 
Rhenmatis'mus  cancro'sus,  Trismus  clon'icus,  Pro- 
sopal'gia,  Febris  top'ica,  Odontat'gia  remit' tens 
et  intermittens,  Hemicra' nia  scpva,  Infra-orbitar 
neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux.,  is  chiefly  felt  in  the 


infra-orbitar   foramen,  whence   it  passes   to   the 
cheek,  upper  lip,  ala  nasi,  lower  eyelid,  <fcc. 

In  Neuralgia  maxilla' ris,  Guathal'gia,  Gnatho- 
neural'gia,  Tic  douloureux,  Trismus  catanha'lia 
m«xillari8,  the  pain  usually  sets  out  from  the 
mental  foramen  and  passes  to  the  chin,  lips,  tem- 
ple, teeth,  and  tongue. 

Nei  halgia,  False.  A  term  assigned  to  pains 
along  a  nerve  or  its  ramifications,  produced  by 
some  body  compressing  it, — those  pains  termina- 
ting with  the  removal  of  the  compressing  caused 
Neuralgia  Fem'oro-poplit^e'a.  N  Ischiad' ica, 
Sciat'ica,  Schias,  Malum  ischiad' icnm,  Jforlus 
ischiad'icus,  Passio  ischiad' ica,  hch'iagra,  Is- 
chial'gia,  Ischio'sis,  Ischioneural'gia,  Coxal'gicQ 
Dolor  Ischiad' 'icus  nervo'sus,  Is'chias,  I.  nervo'sa 
Cotugnii  seu  Cotnnnii,  I.  nervo'sa  posti'ca  seu 
rheuma'tica,  Neurisch'ias,  Cox'agra,  h<hiat'ica, 
Ischoneural'gia,  (Prov.  Devonshire)  Bone-shave, 
(F.)  Sciatique,  Goutte  sciatique.  This  is  charac- 
terized by  pain  following  the  great  sciatic  nerve 
from  the  ischiatic  notch  to  the  ham,  and  along  the 
peroneal  surface  of  the  leg  to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 
Neuralgia  Fem'oro-pr^etibia'lis,  N  crural, 
Ischias  nervo'sa  anti'ca,  Scelal'gia  anti'ca.  In 
this,  the  pain,  setting  out  from  the  groin,  spreads 
along  the  fore  part  of  the  thigh,  and  passes  down, 
chiefly  on  the  inner  side  of  the  leg,  to  the  inner 
ankle  and  back  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  of  the  Heart,  Angina  pectoris  — 
n.  Hepatica,  Hepatalgia. 

Neuralgia  Ilio-Scrotal  has  been  rarely  ob- 
served. It  is  characterized  by  a  very  acute  pain, 
in  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  first  lumbar 
pair;  this  pain  follows  the  crista  ilii  and  accom- 
panies the  spermatic  vessels  to  the  testicle,  which 
is  often  painfully  retracted. 

Neuralgia,  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism  —  n. 
Lienis.  Splenalgia. 

Neural'gia  Mamm^,  Ir'ritable  breast.  An  ex- 
ceedingly painful  affection  of  the  female  mamma, 
unaccompanied  by  inflammation. 

Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This  is  rare :  and 
the  pain  is  confined  to  the  course  of  the  plantar 
nerves. 

Neuralgia  Renum,  Nephralgia  —  n.  Spinalis, 
Spinal  irritation — n.  Testis,  Orchidalgia. 

N  E  U  R  A  N  A  G  E  X  N  E'SIS,  Neuranaph'yatil 
vevpov,  'a  nerve,' and  avayewau),  'to  regenerate.' 
Regeneration  or  renewal  of  a  nerve. 

NEURANAPHYSIS,  Neurnna^ennesis. 
NEURAPOPHYSIS,  see  Vertebra?. 
NEURASTHENI'A,    Neuradyna'min,   Delil'- 
itas  nervo'sa.     Debility  or  impaired    activity  of 
the  nerves;  from   vevpov,  '  a  nerve/  and  uc6i'ieia, 
'debilitv.' — See  Irritable. 

NEURECTOMIA,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
eKTopn.  'excision.'  Excision  of  a  nerve. 
NEURICUS,  Nervous. 
N  E  U  R  I L  E  M  '  M  A,  Neurile'ma,  Neurih/'ma, 
Neu'rymen,  Perineu'rion,  Fis'tufa  seu  Tu'hulua 
seu  Cap'sula  seu  Involu'crvm  rtervo'rum,  31 ' em- 
bra' na  seu  Membran' ula  seu  Tu'nica  seu  Indit- 
men'tum  nervo'rum,  Yagi'na  nervo'rnm ;  (F.) 
NevriUme,  Perinevre  ;  from  vevpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and 
\enpa,  'a  coat.'  The  fine  transparent,  and  appa- 
rently fibrous  membrane  that  surrounds  the 
nerves — to  every  filament  of  which  it  forms  a  true 
canal. 

Robin  restricts  the  term  perinevre  to  the  struc- 
ture that  invests  the  primitive  bundles  of  nerves; 
and  every  nervous  filament.  It  differs  from  the 
neurilemma,  in  its  ordinary  acceptation,  which 
forms  a  coat  of  some  thickness  in  the  larger 
nerves,  and  supports  the  nutrient  vessels,  whilst 
the  perinevre  exhibits  no  capillaries. 

NEURTLEMMATITIS.  Neurilemmitis. 

NEURILEMMI'TIS,    Nmrilemmati'tis,    Neu- 

rolemmati'tis,  Neurili'tis,   (F.)  Nevrilemite,  from 


NEUUILITIS 


68 


NJS  V no  TO. ME 


neurilemma,    and     itie,     denoting    inflammation. 

ityinon.     Inflammation  of  the  neurilemma. 

NEUR  [LITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEURILYM  \.  Neurilemma, 

NEURINE,  Medul'la  nervo'rum,  (F.)  Nevrine, 

Albumine  cirebrale  oadu  cerveau,  from  vevpov,  'a 

The    Bubstance    of    which    the    nervous 

oposed.     It  consists  chiefly  of  albu- 

men  and  a  peculiar  fatty  matter,  associated  with 

Phosphorus.     There  are  two  kinds  of  neurine  — 

the   one    vesicular  or   consisting   essentially  of 

nerve  ve-siclea  or  nerve  cells  or  corpuscles,  or,  as 

they  are  sometimes  called,  from  their  prevailing 

in  the  ganglia — ganglion  corpuscles  and  ganglion 

:  the  other,  the  tubular,  formed  —  as  the 

word   imports  —  of  tubules.     The   former   i*   the 

hineritious  or  cortical  nervous  matter  of  the  older 

anatomists; —  the   latter,  the  white  or  medullary. 

;  esicular  neurine    has    appeared    to    be    re- 

i   to   the   production    and   distribution    of 

nerve-power;  the  tubular,  to  its  conduction;  yet 

cperiments   of  Dr.    Brown-Sequard  Bhow, 

that    the    former    conveys    sensitive    impressions 

from  the  posterior  spinal  roots  to  the  brain. 

NEURISCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitioa. 

NEURITIC,  Nervine. 

NEURI'TIS,    Injlamma'tio  nervo'rum,  Neuro- 

hkloao'sis,   Neurophley'mone,   (F.)    Inflammation 

ft,   Nivrite,   from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 

-  iffix  denoting  inflammation.     Inflamma- 

ti  in  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROBLACI'A,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' and 
fXa«t<a,  'stupor.'     Insensibility  of  the  nerves. 
NEUROCHONDRO'DES,  from  vevpov,  'a  si- 
■^ovSpos,    'a    cartilage,'    and    eilos,   'resem- 
blance.'    A  hard  substance  between  a  sinew  and 
a  cartilage. 

NETJRODES,  Nervous. 
NEURODYNAMIA,  Nervous  power. 
NEURODYNAMIS,  Nervous  power. 
NEURODYNIA,  Neuralgia. 
NEITROGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 
NEUROG'RAPIIY,  Neurograph'ia  ;  from  vev- 
pov, 'a  nerve,'  and  ypaiprj,  'a  description.'     The 
pirr  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  nerves. 

NEUROHYPNOL'OGY,  Neurohypnolog"ia, 
from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  'virvos,  'sleep,'  and  Xoyog, 
•a  treatise.'  A  name  given  by  Mr.  Braid  to  his 
theory  of  magnetic  sleep.  See  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEUROLEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 
NEUROL'OGY,  Neurolng"ia,  (P.)  Nivrologie, 
from  vt.vpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  Aoyo?,   'a  disoourse.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 
NEURO'MA,    (F.)    Nivrome,    from    vevpov,    'a 
A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve.     Ap- 
■  i  subcutaneous,  circumscribed,  and  highly 
painful    tumours    formed    on    the    tissue    of    the 
:  and  likewise  to  a  small,  hard,  grayish  tu- 
mour,  Neuroma' t ion,    Nervous  ganglion,   painful 
Ut'bercle,  of  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  is  observed 
in  the  course  of  nerves,  and  appears  to  he  formed 
from  the  neurilemma. 

NEUROMALA'CTA;    from   vcvoov,   'a   nerve,' 
and  ualaKia,  '  softening.'     Softening  of  nerves. 
NEUROMATION.  Neuroma. 
NEUROMETERES,  ! 

NEUROMYELITIS,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' 
»»«Ao$,    •  marrow,'  and  itit,  denotiug   inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  medullary  matter  of 
the  nerves. 
NEURON,  see  Nerve. 

NEURON'OSOS,  Neuronu'sos,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve.'  and  vooog,  'a  disease.'     A  disease  of  the 
I 
NEC  RONYG'ME,  Neuronyg'mue,  Neuronyx'ii, 


from    ltiyor,    'a   nerve,'    and    nyftt    'puncture;' 
Punc'tio  nervi.      Puncture  of  a  nerve. 

N  KUROPATH'IC,  -V.  uropath'icue,  from  vevpov, 
•a  nerve,'  and  xaQui,  'a  disease.'     Belonging  to 
of  the  nerves,  to  Neuropathi'a  or  Xtu- 
rou'osos. 

NEUROPHLEGMONE,  Neuritis. 

NEJJROPHLOGOSIS,  Neuritis. 

NEUROPLAS'TY,  Neuroplat'tiei,  (F.)  N4v- 
roplaatie,  from  vevpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and  nXaoriKos, 
■forming.1  M.  Serrea  applies  this  term  to  a  gan- 
glionary  alteration  of  the  peripheral  ner. 

NEUROPYRA,  Fever, nervous,  Typhus  mitior. 

NEUROPYRETUS,  Fever,  nervous,  Typhus 
mitior. 

NEURO'SES,  (F.)  Xevroses,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  generic  name  for  diseases  supposed 
to  have  their  seat  in  the  nervous  system,  and 
which  are  indicated  by  disordered  sensation,  vo- 
lition, or  mental  manifestation  :  without  any  evi- 
dent lesion  in  the  structure  of  the  parts,  ami 
without  any  material  agent  producing  them. 
Such  is  the  usual  definition.  Broussais  attributes 
them  to  a  state  of  irritation  of  the  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow. 

N  K  lUn. SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

NEUROSPASMS  see  Spasm. 

NEUROSTHENI  A,  (F.)  Xevrosthtnie,  from 
vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  oOeveia,  'strength.'  Excess 
of  nervous  irritation.      Nervous  irritation. 

NEUROTHELIC  APPARATUS,  Corpus  pa- 
pillare. 

NEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

NEUROTICA.  Diseases  of  the  nervous  func- 
tion.    The  4th  class  of  Good's  Nosology. 

NEUROTOME,  Ntvrotome. 

NEUROT'OMY,  Neurotom'ia,  (F.)  Ntvrotomie. 
Same  etymon.  Dissection  of  nerves.  Also,  an 
incised  wound  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTRO'SIS,  Xeurotros'mus,  from  vevpov, 
'  a  nerve,'  and  rpioais,  'wounding.'  Nervi  vu/ue- 
ra'tio.     Wound  or  wounding  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTROS.MIS,  Neurotrosis. 

NEURYMEN,  Neurilemma. 

XEl'TA,  Neutha.  A  membrane,  according  to 
Paracelsus,  which  covers  the  eyes  and  ears  of  the 
foetus  in  utero. 

N  EUTRAL,  from  neuter,  l  neither.'  Belonging 
to  neither  in  particular. 

Neutral    Salts,    Secondary  salts,    (F.)   Sels 
neutres.     Salts,  composed  of  two  primitive  saline 
Substances,  combined    together,  and  not  \ 
ing  the  characters  of  acid  or  of  base. 

NEVIS.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Thermal 
springs  in  the  department  of  Allicr,  France. 
Temperature,  186°  to  148°  Fahrenheit. 

NEVRALOIE,  Neuralgia — n.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
talgia — a.  de»  Reint,  Nephralgia — n.  de  I' Uterus, 
Eysteralgia, 

XEYltlLEME,  Neurilemma. 

NE* VR TL KMITE,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEVRINE,  Neurine. 

NEVRITE,  Neuritis. 

N&VRODYNIE,  Neuralgia. 

NiVROLOOIE,  Neurology. 

N&VROMB,  Neuroma. 

NMVROSE  DO  ('(Kill,  Angina  pectoris. 

NEVROSES,  Neuroses. 

N&  VROSTH^NTE,  Neurosthenia. 

NEVROTffELE,  from  vevpov,  'nerve,'  and 
^nXrj,  '  papilla.'  Concerning  the  papilla  of  the 
skin. 

Apparril  Nkvkotiiki.r.  The  papillary  appa- 
ratus, or  arrangement  of  the  skin  in  the  aggregate. 
—  Brescheti 

XE  YE  0  TOME,  X<:uiotoine,Xeurol'umusj  from 


NEVROTOMIE 


634 


NIPPLE 


vevpov,  'a  nerve,' and  rt/iiw,  'I  cut/  'I  dissect.'  ^  pharism'us,  Paljpebra'tio,   Twinkling  of  the  eye, 
An    instrument  used  by  anatomists  to  dissect  the  |  (F.)    Clignotement,   Cillement.     A  rapid    and    re- 
nerves.     It  is  a  long  and  very  narrow  scalpel, 
Laving  two  edges. 

NEVROTOMIE,  Neurotomy. 
NEVUS,  Na3vus. 

NEW  JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
In  the  upper  part  of  Morris  county  and  in  the 
county  of  Hunterdon,  near  the  top  of  Musconet- 
cong  mountain,  there  are  chalybeate  springs, 
which  are  resorted  to.  See  Schooley's  Mountain. 
NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  chief  waters  are  those  of  Saratoga,  Ballston, 
Sharon,  and  Avon. 

NEXUS  STAMINEUS  OCULI,  Ciliary  body. 
NEZ,  Nasus. 

NGERENGERE.  A  singular  disease,  with 
the  New  Zealanders,  which  Dr.  Arthur  S.  Thom- 
son considers  to  be  a  variety  of  such  diseases  as. 
the  Elephantiasis  Graecorum,  Lepra  of  the  Cos- 
sacks, &c,  and  which  he  proposes  to  call  Lepra 
gangrcsno'aa. 

NIANDRIA  ANOMALA,  Anisodus  luridus. 
NICARAGUA  WOOD,  see  Caesalpinia. 
NIC'COLI  SALES,  Salts  of  Nickel,  (F.)  Sets 
de  Nickel.  These  salts  are  gentle  tonics,  and 
have  been  given  with  advantage  in  periodic 
headache,  and  in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhoea.  The 
dose  of  the  sulphate  is  gr.  ss  or  gr.  j,  three  times 
a  day. 

NICCOLUM,  Nickel. 

NICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Nice 
possesses  some  advantages  over  the  neighbour- 
ing climates  of  Provence  and  Italy,  being  free 
from  the  sirocco  of  the  latter,  and  protected 
from  the  mistral  of  the  former.  Spring  is  the 
most  unfavourable  season.  The  climate  i?  very 
dry.  It  has  been  a  great  winter  retreat  for  the 
consumptive;  but  does  not  deserve  the  enco- 
miums that  have  been  passed  upon  it. 

NICKAR  TREE,  Gvmnocladus  Canadensis. 
NICKEL,    Niccolum,    from    (G.)    Nickel,  'a 
prostitute.'     A  term  of  detraction,  having  been  j 
applied  by  the  old  German  writers  to  what  was  I 
regarded  as  a  kind  of  false  copper  ore.     A  white 
malleable  metal,  s.  g.  8-8;    less  oxidizable  than 
iron.     The  sulphate  has  been  given  as  a  tonic  in 
the  dose  of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain. 

NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  Nicode'mus. 
An  oil  made  by  digesting,  for  some  time,  —  in  a 
mixture  of  white  wine  and  olive  oil, — old  turpen- 
tine, litharge,  aloes,  saffron,  oxyd  of  zinc,  &c. 

NICOTIANA,  N.  tabacum  —  n.  Minor,  N. 
rustica. 

Nicotia'na  Rits'tica,  called  after  Nicot,  who 
carried  it  to  Europe ;  N.  minor,  Priapei'a,  Hyos- 
cy'amus  lu'teus,  English  or  Wild  Tobacco.  Orel. 
Solanaceae.  The  leaves  possess  the  properties  of 
tobacco,  but  are  milder. 

Nicotiana  Tab'acum,  Nicotia'na,  Eerba  ta- 
baci,  Tabacum,  Petum,  Petun,  Hyoscy'amus  Pe- 
ruvia'nus,  Tobacco,  Virgin'  ia  tobacco,  Drunk- 
wort,  (F.)  Tabac,  Nicotiane.  Tobacco  is  a  violent 
aero-narcotic  ;  its  properties  seeming  to  depend 
upon  a  peculiar  principle,  Nicotin  or  Nicotianin. 
It  is  narcotic,  sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  ca- 
thartic, and  errhine.  In  incarcerated  hernia,  it 
is  injected,  in  the  form  of  smoke  or  infusion,  but 
requires  great  caution.  It  is  extensively  and 
habitually  used  as  an  errhine  and  sialogogue.  The 
infusion  is  used  to  kill  vermin,  and  in  some  cuta- 
neous eruptions. 

NIGOTTANE,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
NICOTIANIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
NICOTIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
NICTATIO.  Hippus,  Nictatio. 
NICTA'TION,  Nirta'tio,  Nictitn'tio,  from  nic- 
tare,  nictation,  'to  wink.'     Clonus  nictita'tio.  Ble- 


peated  movement  of  the  eyelids,  which  open  and 
shut  alternately.  As  occasionally  performed,  it 
is  physiological;  if  repeatedly,  a  disease.  It 
seems  to  be  executed  chief!}'  by  the  motor  7th 
pair  of  nerves;  but  it  is  necessary  that  the  ex- 
citor  5th  pair  should  likewise  be  in  a  state  of 
integrity. 

N  ID  AMENTUM,  Decidua. 
NIDDICK,  Nucha. 
NIDOREUX,  Nidorous. 
NI'DOROUS,  Nidoro'sus,  (F.)  Nidoreux,  from 
Nidor,    Cnissa,   "the  smell  of  any  thing  burnt,' 
&c.     Having  the  smell  of  burnt  or  corrupt  ani- 
mal matter. 

NIDUS,  Nidus  hirundinis. 
Nines  Hirun'dinis,  Nidus,  Sicallows'  V.*.\ 
A  deep  fossa  in  the  cerebellum  —  so  called  from 
its  fancied  resemblance — situate  between  the  ve- 
lum medullare  posterius  in  front,  and  the  no. lu- 
lus and  uvula  behind. 

NIEDERBRONN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline  waters  in  the    department    of   Bas-Riiin, 
France,   which  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonic  acid. 
NIELLE,  Nigella. 

NIEPA  BARK,  see  Samadera  Indica. 
NIGELLA,  Coptis. 

Nigel'la,  N.  Sati'va;  Ord.  Ranunculaeeae;  (ui- 
grella,  from  niger,  'black.)  Melon' thium,  Cumi* 
num  Nigrum,  Fennel  flower,  Nutmeg  flower,  Devil 
in  a  bush,  (F.)  Nigelle,  Nielle,  Faux  cumin,  Flmr 
Saintc-Catherine.  This  small  southern  European 
and  Syrian  plant  was  formerly  used  medicinally 
as  an  expectorant  and  deobstruent,  errhine,  sia- 
logogue, &G. 

NIGELLE,  Nigella. 
NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 
NIGHT  EYES,  Crusta  genu  equina? — n.  Mare, 
Incubus. 

NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca 
decandra — n.  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara — 
n.  Common,  Solanum  —  n.  Deadly,  Atropa  bella- 
donna—  n.  Enchanter's,  Circaaa  Lutetiana  —  n. 
Garden,  Solanum  —  n.  Palestine,  Solanum  sanc- 
tum—  n.  Stinking,  Hyoscyamus  niger  —  n.  Vine, 
Solanum  dulcamara  —  n.  Woody,  Solanum  dul- 
camara. 

NIGREDO  A  SOLE,  Ephelides. 
NIGRITA,  Negro. 

NIGRITIES,Melanopathia— m  Ossium,  Caries. 
NIGRITISM,  Melanopathia. 
NIGRITUDO,  Melanosis— n.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis puhnonum. 

NIGROMANTTA,  Necromancy. 
NIGROR,  Melasma. 
NIGRUM  OCULI,  Pupil. 
NIHIL  ALBUM,  Zinci  oxydum— n.  Griseum, 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NILIACUM,  Mel. 

NIMA   QUASSIOI'DES,  Sima'ba  qnassioides, 
a  native  of  Nepal  and  the  Himalaya  mountain:?, 
is  as  bitter  as  quassia,  and  is  used  like  it. 
NINDSIN,  Sium  ninsi. 
NINE  BARK,  Spiraaa  opulifolia. 
NINE-DAY  FITS,  Trismus  nascentium. 
NINSI,  Sium  ninsi. 
NINSING,  Panax  quinquefolium. 
NINZIN,  Sium  ninsi. 

NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.  The  Teat,  Tit,  T<t, 
Dug,  Pap,  (Old  Eng.)  Neble,  Titty;  Acromas'tiuull 
Uber,  Staph'ylis,  Staphyl'ium,  Bnbona,  Mammil- 
la, Mammel'la,  Pupil' la,  P.  mammae,  I'beris 
apex,  Thele,  Tit' the,  Titthos,  Tit' th ion,  Titthis, 
(F.)  Mamelon,  Bout  de  sein.  The  conical  tubercle, 
situate  at  the  centre  of  the  breast.  Towards  the 
central  part  of  each  breast  the  skin  changes 
colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy  tint  in  young  females, 


NIPTLEWORT 


NODOSIA 


or  a  reddish  brown  in  those  who  hare  suckled 
ffveral  children.     The  circle  is  called  the  Areola 
f  the  n!pj,U.     The  nipple  is  i 
•  on  on  being 
Nipple,  Artipici  \i  .  Bout  dt    - 
N1PPLEM  sana, 

NIRLES,  Herpes  phlyctaen 
NIRMALL       3,  S        b no?  potatorum. 
NIRMILL  inos  potatorum. 

JflSUS  .     v      lining,    from    I. at. 

Iffor,  ni«n»,  and  nixna,  'to  endeavour.'    A  volun- 
tention  of  the  breath,  so  as  to  force  down 
the  diaphragm  ;  the  abdominal  muscles  bei 

•  time  contracted  forcibly.  In  this  man- 
contents  of  the  abdomen  are  com  pi 

ami  (be   evacuation   of  the   faeces,  urine,   Ac,  is 

■  rt  —  n.  Formativus.  Plastic  force. 

Nisus  Parturientium.  The  efforts  or  forcing 
during  parturition. 

NI  1  EDUL  \.  (  i  !n ■: 

NITON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
Barings  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  contain  iron,  and 
sulphate  of  alumina  and  potass  i. 

NITRAS,  Nitrate — n.  Hydrargyricus,  - 
Pydrargyri  nitras  —  n.  Hydrargyrosus,  Hydrar- 
gyri  nitras — n.  Kalicus,  Potassaa  nitras — n.  Lix- 
ivia\  Potassae  nitras — n.  Natricum,  Soda,  nitrate 
of — n.  Plumbicus,  Plumbi  nitras  —  n.  Potassae 
cum  sulphur  ■  fusus,  PotasSSS  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phate paucillo  mixtus —  n.  Sub-bismothicum, 
Bismuth,  sub-nitrate  of. 

N  1   I'll  A  1  :  .      A    salt,  formed 

sid.     Several  nitrates  are 
empl<»ve  1  in  medicine. 

NITRATE    ACIDE    DE    MERCORE,    see 
_-vri  nitras  —  //.  d'Ammoniaque,  Ammonia' 
i.  d'Argt  ut,  Argenti  nitras — ».  Mercureux, 
B  -.vri  nitras. 

NITRE,   Potassaa   nitras  —  n.  Cubic,  Soda,  ni- 

UC,  Ni'tricu*.  (F.)  Nitrique,  from  nitrum, 
'nitre.'     Appertaining  or  relating  to  nitre. 

Nitric  Acid,  Acidum  ni'tricum  seu  azo'ticum 
titri,  Aqun  fortin,  Nitroi 

*  nitri  dupfex  seu   nitri  fumans  seu   n»fri 

"ill,  /><  j, !,!,,- 
■■<l    nitron*  id,   (F.) 

litriqne    ou  nzotique.     Nitric    acid  is  ob- 
tained from  nitre — Nitrate  of  pota**a.     I- 

:ating;  taste  very  acid  and  caustic.  It  is 
.  .■.  li  juid,  colourless,  and  transparent. 
500. 

_'  nitric  acid  is  rarely  used  except  as   an 
application   to   foul,  indolent   ulcers,  or   to  warts. 
internally,  it  is  in   the  form  of  the 
M    dilu'tum,  Spir'itu*  nitri  »im- 
tri    vuhja'ris —  Diluted   nitrii 
whi.h.  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
litric  acid,  f^i.  irater,  f.^ix  by  mea- 
Diluted  largely  with  water,  it  is  used,  a<  a 
drink  in  fevers  of  the  typhoid   kind:  in  chronic 
ns   of  the   liver,  syphilis,  Ac.  :   hut   in   the 
flections  if  is  not  to  be  depended  upon. 
NITROGEN,  from  virpov,  ' nitre/  and  yewaw, 
1 

ixrop,  op,  N 
'      ■ ' 

thing  nan,  lhphlogin'ticated  ni- 
t'icum  oxifgenn'tum.      Tl 
when   respired,  produces   singular 

and  corporeal  excitement  ;  and,  generally, 
h  exhilaration  as  to  render  the  appellation, 
ling  </'»*"  \<y  no  means  inappropri 
n   much   uj 


ve  of  unpleasant  effects,  inducing  palpi- 
tation, fainting,  and  convulsi 

Niti:  iXIDI    or,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 

oxide  of. 

NITROG&NE,  Azote. 
NITROGENIUM,  A 

NI'TROGENIZED,    A  .  u  ■'.    A  .  I  .•  7.   (F.) 
Containing  nitrogen  or  azote: — u 
.    igoti  'I.  or  awotim  7  aliment. 
NITRO-MURIAT'IC   ACID,  Ac"id*m  nitro- 
iintrint' icitnt  seu  muriatieum  nitro'to-oxygena'tum, 
M<  iis'tiHiiiu   auri,  Xitro-hydrochlfir'ic   or    Hydro- 
ckloro-nitric  arid.  Aqua  regia  seu  ttyg 
Chri/sa/ra,  (P.)   Eau  rigaU.     A  mixture  of  t1  • 
nitric  and   muriatic  acid.-,  lias   been   Dsed   in   dis- 
:    the  liver,  in    the   form   of  a  hath   for   the 
feet  and   legs,  made   sharply   acidulous.      It   ha>. 
also,  been  employed,  and  with  more  uniform   re- 
sults, in  cutaneous  affections.      Whatever  advan- 
tage it  may  posses  in  internal  diseases — and  these 
advantages  are  doubtful — they  are  probably  de- 
pendent upon  the  chlorine  formed  by  the  mixture, 
or  upon  the  properties  possessed  by  the  mineral 
acid-  in  general.     See  Chlorine. 

\ri(l,im  nitrn-muriaticum  of  the  Pharma- 
copeia of  the  United  States  is  formed  by  mixing 
four  fluidonnees  of  nitric  acid  with  eight  of 
muriatic  acid. 

NITROUS  OXIDE,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of. 

NITRUM,  Natron,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Anti- 
quorum,  Soda  —  n.  Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of  — 
n.  Factitium,  Borax  —  n.  Flammans,  Ammonias 
nitras  —  n.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras  —  n.  Prismati- 
cum.  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Rhomboidale,  Sod:., 
nitrate  of — n.  Saturn inum,  Plumbi  nitras — n.  Vi- 
triolatuni  Schroederi,  PotasSSS  sulphas — n.  Tabu- 
latum,  PotassSB  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixtus — n.  Vitriolatum,  Potassse  sulphas. 

NIX,  Snow — n.  Fumans,  Calx  viva — n.  Zinci, 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NIXUS,  Nisus  —  n.  Parturientium,  Xisus  par- 
turientium. 

NO  MI'S  ARK.  Cypripedium  lntenm. 

NOBLE,  Nob' His.     Principal,  Essential. 

NOBLE  Parts.  Parte*  essentia'!?*.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts,  without 
which  life  cannot  exist;  such  as  the  heart,  liver, 
lungs,  brain,  Ac.  The  organs  of  generation  have, 
likewise,  been  so  called. 

NOCAR,  vuKap,  Torpor  Soporif  icua.  Lethargic 
torpor. 

NOCTAMBFLATIO,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULISMUS,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULUS,  Somnambulist. 

NOCTISURGIUM,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTUnn  OC'ULL  Gray  or  blue  eyes.— 
CaatellL 

NOCTURNA  BELLA,  Coitus. 

NOCTTJR'NAL,  Noctur'nut,  Nyeter'inu*,  from 
no.c,  nocttt,  'night.'     Relating  to  night,  a-   1 
nnrtnr'ini  seu   mjru  r'in'i.     A  fever  occurring  in 
the  ni_ 

NODDING,  Annuitio,  Nntatio. 

NODDLEPOX,  Syphilomania. 

NODE,  Nodun,  Empkv'ma  exotto  sis  periot'ten, 

1'.     Nodotitt,   Ntxud;  from  Hehr.  1J.  'a  heap.' 

A  bard  concretion  or  incrustation,  which  forn  i 

around  joints  attacked  with  rheumatism  or  gout. 

Some  include,  under  this  name,  ex 
eular  calculi,  ganglions,  and   even  the  chronic 
swellings  of  the  joints  known  under  the  nan  • 
of  white  swellings. 

NODES,  Edentata*. 

NODI  DIGITORUM  MANU8,  Phalan 
the  fingers — a.  Ls  I  >.  I  ofarctus  mammsB 
— n.  Nervorum.  Ganglions,  nervous — n.  Ihemur- 


mucb  used   in  medicine,  although 

I              nded    in    paralysis.     !                   ire  too  rhoidales,  see  Haemorrhois. 

transient  to  render  it  a  valuable  NODOI,  Nefrei 

.  agent;  and,  iu  the  delicate,  it  has  been  NODOSIA,  see  Nefrendes. 


XO  DO  SITE 


63  6 


N  U  S  0  G  E  X  I A 


NODOSITJS,  Noda 

NODTLI  ARAN'TIL  Noduli  Morgagn'ii, 
Cor'pora  Aran' tit.  The  small  sesamoid  bodies 
situate  on  the  periphery  of  the  semilunar  valves 
of  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  artery  for  the  better 
occlusion  of  the  artery. 

Noduli  Moiigagnii.  Noduli  Arantii  —  n.  Ner- 
vorum. Ganglions,  nervous. 

NOD'ULUS,  diminutive  of  nodus,  'a  knot.'  A 
small  knot.  A  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the 
portion  of  the  cerebellum,  -which  forma  the  poste- 
rior boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  The 
lmdulus  is  on  the  median  line,  and  before  the 
uvula.     See  Vermiform  process,  inferior. 

V     DULUS   UTERINUS,  Pessary. 

NODUS,  Articulation,  "Edentulus,  Eneystis, 
Hamina — n.  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  n.  Chirurgi- 
<-is.  Knot,  surgeon's  —  n.  Encephali,  Nceud  de 
l' Encephale.  Pons  Varolii — n.  Hystericus,  Angone 
— n.  Vita?.  Centrum  vitale. 

NOES  IS.  Intellect. 

NCEUD,  Node —  n.  dn  Chirurgien.  Knot,  sur- 
geon's— n.  d'Einballeur,  Knot,  packer's. 
"  N(EUD  DE  U  ENCEPHALE  (F.),  Nodus 
Etteeph'aU.  M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this  name, 
includes  the  pons  Varolii,  peduncles  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum,  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
gemina. 

XCECD  VITAL.  Centrum  vitale. 

NCEUDS,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

NOIR   ANIMAL,   Carbo  animalis  —  ;i.  d'Os, 
Animal  is. 

NOISETIER,  Corvlus  avellana. 

NOISETTE.  Corvlus  avellana  (nut). 

XOIX.  Juglans  regia  (nux)  —  h.  Americaine, 
Jatropha  curcas — n.  des  Barbade*,  Jatropha  cur- 
cas— n.  Cathartique,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  d'Eau, 
Trap  a  natans — n.  de  Galle,  see  Quercus  infectoria 
—  n.  d'Igasur,  Ignatia  amara — m.  de  Serpent,  see 
Thevetia  Ahouai  —  ?).  Vomique,  see  Strychnos 
nux  vomica. 

NOLA  CULINARIA,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

NOLI  ME   TAN  GERE,  Lupus,  see  Chancreux 

(BoHtOH.) 

NOMA.  Cancer  aquaticus — n.  Pudendorum, 
infantilis. 

NOMAD.  Nomade,  Xomas,  (vouag,  voiiac'os,) 
from  vofirj,  'pasturage.'  An  epithet  given  to  people 
who  have  no  fixed  habitation,  and  who  travel. 
with  their  flocks,  from  country  to  country,  for 
pasturage.  Such  are  the  Tartars.  By  analogy, 
the  word  Xomad'ic  has  been  applied  to  a  spreading 
ulcer. 

XOMBEIL,  Umbilicus  — ;i.  de  Venus,  C  Ijle- 
don  umbilicus. 

NOME.  Cancer  aquaticus.  Phagedenic  ulcer. 

NOMENCLATURE,  Nomemcla'tio,  Xomen- 
c'ntu'ra,  Onomatolog"  in,  Onomatocle'sis.  Termon- 
Terminol'ogy,  Glossology.  Orismol'ogy, 
fr  .m  ouici.  'name.'"  and  KaXcu.  'I  call.'  A  col- 
lection of  terms  or  words  peculiar  to  a  science  or 
art.  In  all  sciences,  nomenclature  is  an  object 
of  importance:  and  each  term  should  convey  to 
the  student  a  definite  meaning.  The  Lavoisier- 
iin  nomenclature  was  a  valuable  gift  to  che- 
mistry :  and  anatomy  has  derived  advantage  from 
the  labours  of  Barclay.  Dumas,  and  Chaussier, 
who  have  given  names  to  parts  indicative  of  their 
situation.  See  Muscle.  The  nomenclature  of 
pathology  has  required  the  greatest  attention  : 
and  although  repeated  attempts  have  been  made 
1 1  improve  it,  the  barbarous  terms  that  disgrace 
it  are  still  frequently  adopted.  It  consists  of 
Hebrew  and  Arabic  terms:  Greek  and  Latin. 
French.  Italian.  Spanish.  German.  English,  and 
even  Indian.  African,  and  Mexican  :  often  bar- 
barously and  illegitimately  compounded.  A  want 
of  principle  in  founding  the  technical  terms  of 
medicine  is  every  where  observable.     They  have 


been  formed:  —  1.  From  colour;  as  Jlel&na^ 
Jlelas,  Atrabilis,  Letice,  Alphos,  CI 
beola.  Scarlatina.  Purpura,  Ac.  2.  From  dura- 
tion ;  as  ephemeral,  quotidian,  tertian,  and  quar- 
tan, continued,  and  intermittent,  <ie.  3.  From 
Birds,  Beasts,  Eishes,  Insects,  and  Plants;  as 
Rabies  canina,  Cynanche.  Boulimio,  Pica,  Hip- 
popjfon,  Elephantiasis,  Urticaria,  Lichen,  Ich- 
thyosis, lie.  -i.  From  Persons  or  Places:  ai 
Morbus  Hercnleus,  Fades  Hippocratica,  Lepra 
Arabian,  Plica  Polonica,  Sudor  Anglicus,  Jlorbm 
Gallicus,    Lj)tis    Sancti   Antonii,    Chorea    & 

NOMUS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 
NON-COMPOS,  Lunatic. 
NoK-CoMPOfl  Mentis,  Lunatic. 
NON-NAT  URALS,    Aon    natura'lia.     Under 
this  term  the  ancient  physicians  comprehended 
air,  meat,  and  drink,  sleep  and  watching,  motion 
and  rest,  the  retentions  and  excretions,  and  the 
affections  of  the  mind.     They  were  so  called,  be- 
cause they  affect  man  without  entering  into  his 
composition,  or  constituting  his  nature;  but  yet 
are  so  necessarv  that  he  cannot  live  without  them. 

NONPLACENTAL,  see  Placental. 

NON-SANE,  Insane. 

NON-STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see 
Muscular  fibre. 

NONUS  HUMERI  PLACENTINI.  Teres 
minor  —  n.  Linguae  musculus,  Genio-glossus — n. 
Vesalii.  Perona?us  tertius. 

NOOS.  Intellect. 

NORICE,  Nurse. 

NORMA  VERTICALIS.  see  Normal. 

NOPiMAL,  Xorma'lis,  from  norma,  'a  perpen- 
dicular,' 'a  rule.'  According  to  rule;  perpen- 
dicular. 

The  normal  line,  norma  vertica'lis,  of  Blumen- 
bach,  is  a  vertical  line  let  fall  from  the  promi- 
nence of  the  frontal  bone  and  shaving  the  supe- 
rior maxillary,  so  as  to  mark  the  projection  of 
the  latter  bone  beyond  the  arch  of  the  forehead. 

NORRIS'S  DROPS,  see  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum. 

NORTH  CAROLI'NA.  MINERAL  TTATERS 
OF.  The  chief  springs  are  the  Wai'm  and  Hot 
Springs  of  Buncombe.  Temperatures  varying 
from  94° 'to  104°  Fahr.  They  have  not  much 
mineral  impregnation,  and  have  the  properties 
of  the  thermal  waters  in  general. 

NORTON'S  DROPS,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxy- 
muriatis. 

NORYSS.  Nurse. 

NOSACERUS,  Sickly. 

NOSE,  Nasus  —  n.  Bleed.  Enistaxis. 

Nose.  Running  at  the.  Coryza. 

NOSELI'A,  loariXeta.  Xosocume'sis.  Xosocomi'a, 
from  \ocoq.  'disease.'     Care  of  the  sick. 

NOSEMA,  Disease. 

NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  NosencSphaJe,  from 
vcffoj,  'disease.'  and  eyiceipaXos,  'brain.'  A  mon- 
ster whose  skull  is  open  only  on  the  frontal  and 
parietal  regions,  the  posterior  fontanelle  being 
distinctlv  present. 

NOSEROS,  Insalubrious,  Sick. 

NOSBUMA,  Disease. 

NOSOCOMESIS.  Noselia. 

NOSOCOMIA,  Noselia. 

N(  BOCO'MIAL,  Nosocomia'li*,  from  rocon- 
ueiov,  (vooos,  'a  disease.'  and  KOfitu).  'I  take  care 
of,')  'an  hospital.'  Relating  to  an  hospital,  —  ai 
4  nosocomial  or  hospital  fever.' 

NOSOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

N  0  S  0  C  0  M  U  S .  In  firm  ier. 

NOSOCRATIC,  Specific 

NOSODKS,  Insalubrious.  Sick,  Sicklv. 
DOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOGENESIS,  Pathogeny 

NOSOGENIA,  Pathogeny. 


NOSOGEXY 


NOW 


NOSOGENY,  Pathogeny. 
NOSOG  E<  »<;  R  \  I'll  Y.  Ge  »gr»]  by.  medical. 
NOSOG'RAPHY,  Noeogropk'ia,  from  »o<xo?,  'a 
.'  an.l  y/>a^u),  •  I  describe.'     A  description 

NOSOL'OGY,  Noeolog"%a,  from  voooq,   'a  dis- 

\  name  given  to  that 

part  of  medicine  whose  object  u  the  classification 

The    most    celebrated   nos.iloi.Meal 

-  have  been  those       -  13),  Lin- 

n»us  -  igar     1776),  Mac 

bride    L772  .  Cullen    177-  .  Darwin    l79o),Selle, 

Brichton     1804),   Parr     It  3  mr  I  1812  . 

Pin.l    1813  .  Young    1- 

H.818),  :  1 1 >hios, 

liners  have  been  published  on  Surgery  exclu- 
sively, none  of  which  are  particularly  worthy  of 
ennincration  amongst  nosological  systems.  No- 
■Dlogical  arrangements  have,  also,  been  formed 
■  families  or  groups  of  diseases.  Plenok, 
of  1'.  i  i'ii.  is  the  author  of  two  different  treatises 
of  this  kind:  the  one,  a  methodical  arrangement 
of  the  diseases  of  the  eyes,  and  the  other,  of  cu- 
-  s.  l»r.  Willan  published  an  ar- 
rangement of  cutaneous  diseases,  which  was  com- 
pleted by  l>r.  Bateman,  and  adopted  into  the 
Nosology  of  Dr.  Hosack.  Mr.  Abernethy,  also, 
published  a  methodical  classification  of  tumours, 
and  many  other  partial  nosological  classifications 
miirht  be  enumerated.     A!-'.  Patho 

NOSON'OMY,  A — nom'ia,  from  voaoj,  'a  dis- 
and  ow/ia,  '  name.'  The  nomenclature  of 
diseas 

NOSOPH'YTA,  from  ioctoj.  '  disease,'  and  (pvrov, 
'a  plant.'  A  disease  supposed  to  be  produced  by, 
or  to  consist  in  the  development  of  parasitic 
plants — a~  porrigo,  mentagra,  ic. — Gruby. 

N0S0PG3  US,  Nosopoet'icus,  from  vooos,  '  dis- 
ind  roam,  'I  make.'     That  which  causes 

NOSOS,  1' 

ITAX'Y,  Noeotax'ia,  from  votro?,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  r«i((j,  'arrangement.'    The  distribution 
issification  of  dis 
NOSOTHEO'RIA,   from   vo<tos,   'disease,'   and 
Sew,.!  a,   'doctrine.'     The   doctrine    or  theory   of' 

NOSTAL'GIA,  from  joottoj,  'return,'  'a  jour- 
ney borne,'  and  n\yoi,  'pain.'     Nottoma'nia,  Nos- 
•    gin,  Pathopatridal'gia,  1'a/n- 
patridul'yia,  Philopatridul'gia,  Pkilopatridoma' - 
iii'i,  .1  lemon  in,  Ademos'yne,  Homesickness,   (F.) 
fie,   Mnladie  <lu  pnys.      An   affection   pro- 
duced re  of  returning  to  one's  country. 
It  is  commonly   attended   by   slow   wasting,   and 
sometimes  by  hectic,  which  may  speedily  induce 
death.     M.  Pinel  properly  regards  it  as  a  variety 
of  melancholy. 
NOSTOM  \NI  \.  Nostalgia. 
N0S1  RASSIA,  Nostalgia. 
NOSTRILS,  \ares. 
NOSTRUM,  Arcanum. 

Nostrum,   Chittick's.     An   empirical   remedy 
for  stone  in  the  bladder,  said  to  be  a  solution  of 
alkali  in  veal-broth. 
NOTA    MATERNA,    Nsbyus  — n.    Primitiva, 

.  primitive. 
NO!  \K    IM   \XTUM,  Naevi. 

\L.  Dorsal. 
NOTAL'GIA,    Notinl'gia,    ( \'<»>tiilrjia,   impro- 
perly, of  Kb'chlin  and  others.)  from  vwroj,  'the 
back,' and  aXyof,  '  jiain.'  Pain  in  the  back.  Spinal 
Irritation. 

SCEPHAL1  ncephalus. 

NOTCH,  Teut.  Nocke,   [tal.  Nocehia,  1 
gina'tio,    Emarginntu'ra,    (F. )     ackanernre.      A 
>r  indentation   of  different  shape  and 
size,  observed  on  the  circumference  or  edges  of 
certain  bones. 


i  of  toe  Concha,  Incisura  tragica, 
a,   Ethmoid' AL,  (F.)  Eckancrure  ethmoi- 
dal*, is  situate  on  the  frontal  bone,  and  joins  the 
ethmoid. 

Notches,  Ischiat'ic,  (F.)  Eckanerwre*  leekia- 
tiqne*,  are  two  in  number:  —  the  greater  and  the 
less.  The  former  is  large,  situate  at  the  inferior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  tunned  by  the  sacrum  ai  1 
ilium.  It  gives  passage  to  the  sciatic  nerve,  py- 
ramidalis  muscle,  and  to  the  superior  gluteal  ve>- 
Belfl  and  nerves.  The  latter  is  much  smaller  than 
the  other,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  sciatic 
spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  ol>- 
turator  internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic  \ 
and  nerves. 

Not*  ii,  I'arot'id,  (F.)  Eckancrure  parotidi- 
enne,  is  the  triangular  space  comprised  between 
the  parotid  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone 
and  the  mastoid  process;  so  called,  because  it 
lodges  the  parotid  gland.  The  notches  in  soft 
part-  are  generally  called  Fissures. 

i.  Si  .w'ri.vi:.  fncieu'ra  eeapula'rie,  Lu'- 
iiii/'i  tcap'nlat,  (F.)  Eckancrure  tcapulairs.  The 
notch  on  the  superior  edge  or  eoeta  of  the  scapula. 
which  is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  means  of  a 
ligament,  and  gives  passage  to  the  suprascapular 
nerve. 

Notch,  Semilunar  of  the  Sternum,  Four- 
chette. 

NOTENCEPHALIA,  see  Xotencephalus. 

NOTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  waves,  « the  back." 
and  tyKt<pa\os,  '  the  head.'  A  monster  whose 
head,  with  the  brain,  is  on  the  back.  The  con- 
dition is  termed  Notencepka'lia  and  Notanen- 
cephn'lin. — I.  G.  St.  Hiliare. 

N0TI1EUSIS,  Degeneration. 

NOTHIA,  Degeneration. 

NOTIIROTES,  Torpor. 

NOTHUS,  False. 

NOTI^EUS,  Dorsal  — n.  Myelus.  Medulla  spi- 
nalis. 

NOTIALGIA,  Notalgia. 

NOTOM'ELES,  from  vojtoS,  'the  back,'  and 
pt\io$,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster  with  super- 
fluous flesh  on  the  back. 

NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

NOTO.M  V  ELUS,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NOTON,  Dorsum. 

NOTOS,  Dorsum,  Yertebral  column 

NOUAOE  DE  LA  CORXEE,  Caligo. 

NO  I  A'.  I  Bandage)  (F.) ;  'knotted,'  from  nodtm, 
'a  knot.'  A  bandage  which  has  a  considerable 
number  of  knots  placed  over  each  other.  It  is 
made  with  a  roller,  f)  or  7  ells  long,  rolled  into 
two  balls,  and  is  used  to  eoinpre-s  the  parotid 
region,  after  the  extirpation  of  the  parotid  gland. 

Also,  an  epithet  applied  to  children  in  whom 
the  disease  of  rickets  has  swollen  the  articula- 
tions. 

It  is,  likewise,  applied  to  the  gout  when  it  has 
caused  nodes  on  the  joints. 

NOUET  (F.),  Nod'mhm.  A  bag  filled  with 
medicinal  substances,  and  infused  in  a  liquid  to 
communicate  their  properties  to  it. 

NOUFFER'S,  MADAME,  KEMEDY,  Poly- 
podinni  tilix  mac. 

NOURRWE,  Xurse. 

NOURRWIER,  Nutritious. 

NOURRITURE,  Aliment. 

NODS,    Intellect. 

NOUURE,  Rachitic 

NOUVEAU-NE    l\  \  ('new-born,')    A 
tut,  nuperrimi  Natue,  Neotfenee,  lieog'ilea,  Neog'- 
ilue,   Neoefonne,   lfeog*nue,   Tnfane  recent    wit,,,. 

That   which    has    been  just   born.     A   new-buru 
infant. 

NOVACULA,  Razor. 

NOW,  Vertex. 


NOYA  U 


638 


NUTRITIOUS 


NO  YA  U,  see  Cytoblast. 

NOYAU  CENTRAL  DFS  PEDONCULES 
BU  CERVELET,  Corpus  dentatum. 

NOYER,  Juglans  regia — n.  de  Ceylon,  Adha- 
toda. 

NOYRIS,  Nurse. 

NUAGE,  Nebula. 

NUBECULA,  Enseorema,  Nebula. 

NUBES,  Enseorenia,  Nebula. 

NU'BILE,  Nu'bilis,  'marriageable/  'fit  to 
marry.'  Generally,  the  period  of  puberty  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  age  at  which  both  sexes  are 
nubile.  They  are  truly  nubile,  however,  only 
when  they  are  fitted  to  procreate  healthy  and 
vigorous  children,  and  are  competent  to  discharge 
their  duties  as  parents. 

NUBIL'ITY,  Nubil'itas,  (F.)  NubilitS  ;  same 
etymon.  The  state  of  being  nubile  or  marriage- 
able. 

NUBILOSUS,  Nepheloid. 

NUCES  AQUATICS,  see  Trapa  natans  —  n. 
Quercus,  see  Quereus  alba. 

NUCHA,  Jn'ium,  Nucha  cap'itis,  (F.)  Nuque. 
The  nuke,  hinder  part  or  nape  of  the  neck, 
(Prov.)  Niddick.  The  part  where  the  spinal 
marrow  begins. 

Ligamen'tum  Nucha.  A  strong  ligament  from 
the  neck,  proceeding  from  one  spinous  process  to 
another,  and  inserted  into  the  occipital  bone.  It 
is  very  strong  in  quadrupeds.  It  is  called  in 
them  Paxywaxy,  Paxwax,  Packicax,  formerly, 
Faxivax,  and  Taxwax. 

NUCHAL  RE'GION,  Re'gio  nucha  seu  nu- 
cha'lis  seu  occipitalis  infe'rior,  from  nucha.  The 
region  of  the  nucha  or  nape  of  the  neck. 

NUCISTA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

NUCK,  CANAL  OF.  A  small  prolongation 
of  the  peritoneum  often  sent  into  the  inguinal 
canal  of  the  female  foetus.  So  called  from  Nuck, 
who  first  described  it. 

NU'CLEATED,  Nuclea'tus,  from  nucleus,  'a 
kernel.'  Having  a  nucleus  or  central  particle. 
Applied  to  the  elementary  cells  of  organized  tis- 
sues ;  the  vital  properties  of  which  are  seated  in 
the  nucleus.     See  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEATED  CELL,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEI  CEMBR^E,  see  Pinus  Cembra  — n. 
Ossei,  Ossification,  points  of — n.  Pineae,  see  Pinus 
pinea. 

NUCLEIN,  see  Globules  of  the  blood. 

NUCLEOLE.  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEOLULE,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEOLUS,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEUS,  see  Cytoblast— n.  Blastodermatis, 
Tnche  embryonnaire — n.  Centralis,  Corpus  denta- 
tum  —  n.  Cicatriculae,  Tache  embryonnaire  —  n. 
Dentatus,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n.  Dentis,  Dental 
pulp  —  n.  Encased,  Cytoblast  —  n.  Fimbriatus, 
Corpus  dentatum — n.  Furunculi,  see  Furunculus 
—  n.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  n.  Germinativus, 
see  Molecule  —  n.  Olivae,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n. 
Ossificationis,  Ossification,  point  of — n.  Rhoni- 
boidalis,  see  Corpus  dentatum. 

NUCULA  TERRESTRIS,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tannm. 

NUKE,  Nucha. 

NULE-KNEED.  Entogonyancon. 

NUMERICAL  METHOD,  see  Method,  nume- 
rical. 

NUM'MULAR,  Nummularis.  Relating  to 
money,  from  nummus,  'money.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  the  sputa  in  phthisis,  when  they  flatten 
at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  like  a  piece  of  money, 
and  to  the  mode  of  aggregation  of  the  red  cor- 
puscles of  the  blood — 'nummular  rolls.' 

XUMMULARIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

NUMPOST,  Abscess. 

NUP1IAR  AD'VENA,  Nymphce'a  ad'vena, 
Yellow  Pond   Lily,  Spatterdock.      Order,   Nym- 


pheaceaa ;  indigenous  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  The  root  is  a  popular  tonic,  and  the 
fresh  root  bruised  is  applied  as  a  cataplasm. 

Nuphar  Luteum,  Nymphaea  lutea. 

NUQUE,  Nucha. 

NURICE,  Nurse. 

NURSE,  Sax.  nojdce,  Nutrix,  (from  nourish^ 
itself  from  nutrire,)  Tithe'ne,  Trephou'sa,  Lam 
tons,  Lac'ticana,  Nu'triens,  Thelas'tria,  Mammm 
(I.)  Nutrice,  (F.)  Nourrice,  (Sc.)  Noyria,  Norytm 
Nurice,  Norice.  One  who  suckles  her  own  child 
or  another's.  Also,  one  that  has  the  care  of  a 
sick  person,  Care-taker,  (F.)  Garde-malade. 

Nurse,  Dry.  One  who  gives  every  care  to  a 
child,  but  does  not  suckle  it. 

Nurse,  Monthly.  One  who  attends  a  woman 
during  the  month  of  her  parturient  state. 

Nurse,  Wet,  (Sc.)  Milkwoman.  A  female, 
who  suckles  the  child  of  another. 

To  'nurse  artificially,'  is  to  bring  up  a  child  by 
the  hand. 

NUS,  Intellect. 

NUSUS,  Disease. 

NUT,  BRAZILIAN,  see  Pichurim  beans  — n. 
Butter,  Juglans  cinerea  —  n.  Cembros,  see  Pinus 
cembra  —  n.  Clearing,  Strychnos  potatorum  —  n. 
French,  Juglans  regia  —  n.  Para,  see  Pichurim 
beans — n.  Physic,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  Pine,  see 
Pinus  picea — n.  Pistachio,  see  Pistacia  vera — n. 
Poison,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica  —  n.  Purging, 
see  Jatropha  and  Croton  tiglium — n.  Rattle,  Ne- 
lumbium  luteum  —  n.  Sassafras,  see  Pichurim 
beans — n.  Soap,  see  Sapindus  saponaria. 

Nut  Tree,  Malabar,  Adhatoda. 

Nut,  Yomic,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica  —  n. 
Zirbel,  see  Pinus  picea. 

NUTA'TION,  Nuta'tio,  from  nutare,  nutatum 
'to  nod.'  Nodding.  Also,  a  constant  oscillation 
of  the  head,  by  which  it  moves  involuntarily  in 
one  or  more  directions. 

NUTATOR  CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
deus. 

NUTMEG,  see  Myristica  moschata — n.  Butter, 
see  Myristica  —  n.  Flower,  Nigella  —  n.  Liver, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

NUTMEGS.  Testes. 

NUTRICATIO.  Nutrition. 

NUTRICIER.  Nutritious. 

NUTRICIUS,  Nutritious. 

NUTRIENS,  Aliment,  Nurse. 

NUTRIMEN,  Aliment. 

NUTRIMEN'TAL,  Nutrimenta'lis,  Alimenl'al, 
Alimen'tary,  Alimenta'lis,  (F.)  Alimenteiu,  from 
nutrimen,  'aliment.'  Having  the  qualities  of  food 
or  nutriment. 

NUTRIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

NUTRIT"ION,  Nutrit"io,  Nutrica'tio,  Nutri'- 
tus,  Alitu'ra,  Threpsis,  from  nutrire,  nutritum, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  is  that  function  by  which 
the  nutritive  matter  already  elaborated  by  the 
various  organic  actions,  loses  its  own  nature,  and 
assumes  that  of  the  different  living  tissues,  —  to 
repair  their  losses  and  maintain  their  strength. 
Sometimes  the  word  is  used  in  a  more  extended 
signification,  to  express  the  whole  series  of  ac- 
tions by  which  the  two  constant  movements  of 
composition  and  decomposition  are  accomplished, 
in  organized  bodies.  Nutrition,  then,  would  com- 
prehend digestion,  absorption,  respiration,  circu- 
lation, and  assimilation  ;  the  latter  being  nutri- 
tion, propeidy  so  called,  and  being  effected  in 
the  intermediate  system  over  the  whole  of  the 
body,  —  the  cells  of  the  tissues  attracting  from 
the  blood  the  elements  necessary  for  their  repa- 
ration. 

Nutrition.  Force  of,  Plastic  force. 

NUTRIT"IOUS,  Nutric"ius,  Nu'tritive,  Alib'- 
ilis,  Trophi'mos,  Tropho'des,  (F.)  Nourricier,  Nu- 
tricier,    A/ibile.      Same    etymon.     Having    the 


NUTRITIVE 


NYM PHOTO MY 


quality  of  nourishing:  as  nutritious  food,  nutri- 
tious lymph,  Ac. 

Xi  ruinous  or  Xi  'tiutivi:  Aim  : 

Arterial  branehea  which  enter 
the  foramina  nutrieia  of  Long  bones,  and  pene- 
trate to  the  medullary  membi 

XI "Til  ITT  VF.  Nutritions,  (V.)Xutrif 
Relating  to  nutrition:  hence  the  'nutritive  func- 
■  r  tho.-c  that  arc  concerned  in  nutrition. 

Xii  Kins.  Aliment.  Nutrition. 

XII  KIX.  Mamma,  Xur>e. 

NUTS,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

XIX  AROMATICA,  see  Myristiee  moechtU 

— n.  Avellana,  Corylua  avellana  (nut) — n.  Barba- 
Bensis,  Jatropba  curcas — n.  Beouiba,  Ibiouiba — - 

!i.  Cathartica  Americana,  Jatropba  curcas  —  n. 
tialla',  see  Quercus  ccrris  —  n.  Jnglans,  Juglans 
regia — n.  Medica,  Coco  of  the  Maldives — D.  Me- 
Strychnos  mix  vomica — n.  Methel,  Datura 
stramonium —  n.  Mosohata,  see  Myriatiea  mos- 
ohata— n.  Myristica,  see  Myri.-tica  nioschata — n. 
Pistacia,  Bee  Pistacia  vera  —  n.  Dnguentaria,  Bee 
Myristica  tno.-chata —  n.  Vomica,  Strychuos  nux 
Vomica. 

NYCTALOPE,  see  Nyctalopia. 
Nl  CTALOPEX,  see  Nyctalopia, 
XV«  TALOTIA.  from  wf,  wktoc,  'night,' and 
.  •  I  Bee  ;'  Parop'sis  Lucifuga,  Nyctalopi'- 
-  diur'na,  Vitus  noctur'nus,  Oxyo'pia, 
ilo'pia  (moderns),  Amblyo'pia  meridia'na, 
.  //<  merotyphlo'sis,  Photophob'ia, 
fhotophobophthal'mia,  Dyao'pia    lu'tninia,   Vitus 
n'erior,      Nyc'talopy,      Dayblindneee,     Diur'nal 
amauro'sis,    (F.)    Vue    nocturne,    Aveuglement   de 
J.'fi/-.     The  faculty  of   seeing  during  the  night, 
with  privation  of  the  faculty  during  the  day.     It 
at   once,  when  idiopathic.     Its 
duration  is  uncertain,  and  treatment  very  obscure. 
It   i».  however,  a  disease   of  nervous  irritability, 
and  one  of  excitement  of  the  visual  nerve  in  par- 
ticular.   The  indications  of  cure  will  consequently 
Le  —  to   allay  direct   irritation   in   every   way:   to 
counter-irritation  by  blisters;  and  to  gra- 
dually accustom    the    eye   to   the   impression  of 

One  labouring  under  this  affection  is  called  a 
dope,  Nyc'talops,  Nyctalo'pex. 

■    lias  also  been  used  for  night  blind- 
-  ■■  Hemeralopia. 
NYCTALOPS,  Bee  Nyctalopia. 
NYCTALOPY,  Nyctalopia. 
NYCTERINUS,  Nocturnal. 
NYCTHEMERON,  see  Dies. 
NYCTHE'MERUM,  from  ™f,  wktos,  'night,' 
and  'nntoa,  'day.'     The  space  of  1' 1  hours, 
a  day   and    night.      Certain   complaints   continue 
long. 
NYCTOBADIA,  Somnambulism. 
rOB  \SIS.  Somnambulism. 
OBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 
rOB  \TI  \.  Somnambulism. 
TOTYPHLOSIS,  Hemeralopia. 
NYGMA,  Wound,  punctured. 
NYQMATICUM    EMPLASTRUM,    Emplas- 
truin   r 

NYMPHA,  Clitoris. 

XYMl'H.F,    from     vvufn,     'a    water    nymph.' 

. 

-.  Carun'cula  cuticula'n 

tor'idis,     Cultic'uli    vagi'na,    Myrtochi'la, 

JFyrtochei' tides,    Labia    mino'ra   seu    inter1 

puden'di   mino'ra,   (F.)   Nymphes,   /'>/<'/>■■<  fare*. 

membranous    folds    winch    arise    from    the 

lateral  parts  of  th<  f  the  clitoris,  and 

i  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  labia  majora; 

iting,     by     becoming     gradually     thinner, 

ie  middle  of  the  circumference  of  the  ori- 

They  are  formed  each  of  two 

folds  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  vulva  :    ml 


contain,  in  their  Bubetanee,  a  thin  layer  of  spongy, 
erectile  tissue.  Their  use  seem.-  to  be,— not,  as 
was  once  MH  Lireot  the  course  of  the 

urine,  which  notion  gave  rise  to  their  nam.-,  but 
to  favour  the  elongation  and  dilatation  of  the 
vagina  in  pregnancy  and  labour. 

The  word    ivfi^rj,   Nymphi,  has    also    been    n-ol 

synonymously  \\ i t h  clitoris  by  Oribaaioa,  Aetius, 
4c. 

XYMl'H.F  \  ADVENA,  Nuphar  advena. 

Xymiim.'\  ALBA,  £eMeo»yinp*<B'a,  Neuu'phar, 
Mieroieuconympha'a,   Casta' lia  White 

Cambie-leaf,  (F.)  NSnuphar  ou 
Ntnufar  blane,  Li*  dee  (tangs,  J.uue  on  Volant 
d'Kau.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranuncnlaeeas.  S<.r.  Si/nt. 
Polyandria  Monogynia.  Formerly  empli  j 
a  demulcent,  antaphrodisiae,  emollient,  and 
slightly  anodyne  remedy. 

Xvmi'II.k.v  I.NiiKA,  X'.  nelumbo  —  n.  Major 
lutea,  X.  lutea. 

NympHJEA  Lu'TEA,  N.  major  lutea  seu  umbili- 
ca'lix,  Nuphar  lu'teum,  Nenu'phar  lutea,  Nypho- 
tanthus  mtlga'rie,  Yellow  Water  Lily,  (Se, 
bie-leaf,  (F.)  Ntnuphar  jaune.  Used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  Nympha'a  alba.  The  flowers 
are  called  in  Norfolk,  England,  Brandy  bottles. 

Xv.Mi'ii.i:  v  Xi.i.r.M'iio,  N.  In'dica,  Faba  JEgyp- 
tiaca,  Cy'anus  JEgyptiaeus,  Pontic  or  ^Egyptian 
Bean.  The  fruit  of  this  is  eaten  raw  in  Egypt 
and  BOme  of  the  neighbouring  countries;  and  is 
considered  to  be  tonic  and  astringent. 

Nvmimi.k'a  Odoba'ta,  Sweet-scented  Water 
Lily,  Sweet  water  or  White  pond  or  Toad  Lily, 
Cow  or  Water  Cabbage,  (F.)  Ninnphar  odor  ant. 
An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in  most  parts  of 
the  United  States  in  fresh  water  ponds,  ami  on 
the  bortlers  of  streams,  and  baring  large  white, 
beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers.  The  root  is 
very  astringent  and  bitter.  It  is  sometimes  made 
into  a  poultice  and  used  as  a  discutient. 

Nthphjea  Fmkiucalis,  N.  lutea. 

NYMPHE,  Clitoris. 

NYMPHES,  Nymphm. 

\  i  M  PHI'TIS  :  from  wu$n,  'the  clitoris,'  and 
I/is,  denoting  inflammation.  E]>>derrlii'ti.s,  1>i- 
jlaiimia'tio  Cli  tor'idis.  Inflammation  of  the 
clitoris. 

NYMPHOCLUIA,  Nymphomania, 

NYMPHOMANIA,  from  nu^n,  'a  bride,' and 
/Mim,  "fury;'  Furor  uteri'nus,  (  teroma'nia,  Lag- 
in  'sis  furor  femini'nue,  Metroma'nia,  JEdotogar1' 
galus,  jEda  ogargaris'mus,  Thelygon'ia,  Erotoma'- 
nia,  ^Edcema'nia,  Aidoioma'uia,  Melancho'lia  ute- 
ri'na,  Nymphocln'ia,  Sympto'ma  turpitu'dinis, 
.1  ndroma'nia,  Crynacoma'nia,  Machlos'yni . 
lipathi'a,  Tenti'go  vene'rea,  Hysteroma'uia,  Sa~ 
lur" iiax  vulval,  Uteri  pruri'tus,  Brachu'na,Aras'- 
con,  Area' turn,  QSstroma'nia,  (F.)  Nymphomanie, 
I'm-' in-  utirine.  An  irresistible  and  insatiable 
d(  lire,  in  females,  for  the  venereal  act.      It  occurs 

in  those  particularly,  who  | ess  s  nervous  tem- 
perament, and  vivid  imagination,  especially  if 
excited  by  improper  language,  masturbation,  4c. 
Its  oourse,  as  described,  is  as  follows.  In  the 
commencement,  the  sufferer  is  a  prey  to  perpetual 
contests  between  feelings  of  modesty  and  impetu- 
ous desires.  At  an  after  period,  she  abandons 
herself  to  the  latter,  seeking  no  longer  to  restrain 
them.  In  the  last  stage  the  obscenity  is  disgust- 
ing; and  the  mental  alienation,  tor  such  it  is, 
becomes  complete.  The  treatmenl  consists  in  the 
use  of  the  same  means  a-  are  required  in  the  sa- 

tyriasii  of  man.      When    the   menial  alienation  is 
Hide  is  indispensable. 
NYMPHON'CUS,  from  >v„:„,.  'the  nympha/ 
and  oycos,  *a  tumour.'     A  morbid  tumefactioB  of 
the  nymphse. 

NY  KPHOT'OMY,    Nymphotom'ia,    Nympha'. 
P.J  Nymphotomie,  from  n;-yn,  and 


NYPHOZANTHUS   VULGARIS      640 


OBLIQUE 


Tspveiv,  'to  cut.'  An  operation,  known  and  prac- 
tised for  a  long  time,  which  consists  in  the  exci- 
sion of  the  nyinphae.  The  operation  is  had  re- 
course to,  when  they  are  attacked  with  scirrhus, 
cancer,  fungus,  or  gangrene ;  or  when  they  are 
so  large  as  to  interfere  with  walking  or  coition. 
Nymphotomy  is  the  circumcision  of  the  female. 
It  is  practised  in  some  countries. 


Some  authors  have  used  the  term  Nymphotomy 
for  amputation  of  the  clitoris. 

NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS,  Nymphsea 
lutea. 

NYSTAG'MUS.  A  partial  rotatory  movement 
of  the  eyeball  from  side  to  side.  Also,  Coma 
vigil. 

NYXIS,  Puncture. 


0. 


OAK,  BLACK,  Quercus  tinctoria — o.  Common, 
Quercus  robur  —  o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium 
botrys. 

Oak  Lungs,  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

Oak  Orchard  Acid  Springs.  These  springs 
— eight  in  number — are  in  Genesee  county,  New 
York,  eight  miles  from  Lockport.  They  are  acid 
salines,  consisting  of  free  sulphuric  acid,  sulphate 
of  protoxide  of  iron,  and  sulphates  of  alumina, 
magnesia  and  lime.  They  are  powerfully  astrin- 
gent and  tonic. 

Oak,  Poison,  Rhus  toxicodendron  —  o.  Red, 
Quercus  rubra  montana — o.  Sea,  Fucus  vesiculo- 
us—  o.  Spanish,  Quercus  rubra  montana — o. 
White,  Quercus  alba. 

0ARI0CYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OARION,  Ovary. 

OAKION'CUS,  Oariophy'ma,  Ova'rium  tu'mi- 
dum,  Tumor  Ova'rii,  from  wapiov,  (diminutive  of 
wov,  'an  egg,')  'the  ovarium,'  and  oyKog,  'swell- 
ing.'    Ovarian  tumour. 

OARIOPAREC'TAMA,  Oophoraux'e,  from 
wapiov,  'ovarium,'  and  iraptKreiveiv,  'to  extend.' 
Enlargement  of  the  ovary. 

OARIORRHEX'IS,  from  wapiov,  'ovarium,' 
and  pn^is,  'rupture.'  Buptu'ra  Ova'rii.  Rupture 
of  the  ovary. 

OARIOT'OMY,  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariotom'ia, 
Ovptriot'omy,  from  wapiov,  'the  ovarium,'  and  to  fin, 
'  incision.'  The  operation  for  removing  the  ovary. 

OARI'TIS,  Oophoritis,  Oori'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
Ova'rii,  Ovari'tis,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  I'Ovaire, 
from  wapiov,  'the  ovarium,'  and  itis,  the  termina- 
tion denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
ovarium.  When  occurring  in  childhood,  it  is  the 
Loehoophoritis  of  some. 

OARIUM,  Ovary. 

OARTHROC'ACE,  formed  by  contraction  from 
omo-arthrocace.  Said  to  be  used  by  Rust  to  de- 
signate inflammation  of  the  scapulo-humeral  ar- 
ticular surfaces. — Nysten. 

OATMEAL,  see  Avena. 

OATS,  Avena. 

OBAUDITIO,  Baryecoia. 

OBAUDITUS,  Baryecoia. 

OBCiECATIO,  Csecitas. 

OBDORMIT"IO,  from  ob,  and  dormio,  dormi- 
tum,  'to  sleep.'  The  state  of  the  limbs  being 
asleep  ; — Stupor  ar'tunm. 

OBDUCTIO  LEGALIS,  Autopsia  cadaverica 
legalis. 

OBEL^A  RAPHE,  Sagittal  suture. 

OBESITAS,  Polysarcia— o.  Colli,  Struma  adi- 
posa  —  o.  Nimia,  Pimelosis  —  o.  Viscerum,  Phys- 
conia.  adiposa.. 

OB  E  SITE,  Polysarcia. 

OBESITY,  Polysarcia. 

OBESUS,  Corpulent. 

OBFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OBITUS.  Death. 

OBJECT'IVE  CONE.     The  cone  of  light  pro- 


ceeding from  an  object,  the  apex  of  which  is  on 
the  object,  and  the  base  on  the  cornea. 

Objective  Sensations,  see  Sensation. 

OBLINITIO,  Inunction. 

OBLIQUE',  Obli'quus,  Any  thing  inclined,  or 
which  deviates  from  the  vertical  line.  Anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  certain  muscles, 
which  have  an  oblique  direction  as  regards  the 
plane  that  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  halves.     These  are: — 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Abdomen.  They 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into  :  1. 
Obliquus  Exter'nus  Abdom'inis  seu  descen'  dens 
exter'nus  seu  descendens  seu  major,  (F.)  Ilio-pubo 
eosto-abdom'inal,  Costo-abdom'inal  (Ch.),  Grand 
oblique,  Oblique  externe.  One  of  the  broadest 
muscles  of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  lateral 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  and  is  flat  and 
quadrilateral.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer 
surface  and  lower  edge  of  the  7  or  8  last  ribs : 
beloiv,  to  the  anterior  third  of  the  external  lip  of 
the  crista  ilii :  before,  it  terminates  at  the  linea 
alba  by  means  of  a  broad  and  strong  aponeurosis, 
which  covers  the  rectus,  and  presents  towards  its 
inferior  part  two  very  solid  fibrous  fasciculi, 
which  are  inserted, — the  one  at  the  symphysis, 
the  other  at  the  spine  of  the  pubis,  —  under  the 
name  of  Pillars  of  the  Abdominal  Ring.  These 
pillars  leave  between  them  an  opening,  which 
forms  the  inferior  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal. 
The  obliquus  externus  abdominis  depresses  the 
ribs,  and  carries  them  backwards  during  a  strong 
expiration.  It  impresses  on  the  chest  a  move- 
ment of  rotation,  and  bends  the  thorax  upon  the 
pelvis,  and  conversely.  It  contracts,  also,  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  2.  Obliquus  Inter'nus  Abdomi- 
nis seu  ascendens  seu  minor  seu  internus  seu 
ascendens  internus,  Mus'culus  accli'vis,  (F.)  11  io- 
lombo-costo-abdominal,llio-abdominal  (Ch.),  Mus- 
cle petit  oblique  ou  oblique  interne,  is  broad,  espe- 
cially before;  thin,  and  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
like  the  preceding,  beneath  which  it  is  situate. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  5th,  4th,  3d,  and  2d  false  ribs; 
below,  to  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the  interstice 
of  the  crista  ilii,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  pubis;  behind,  to  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  lumbar  vertebras,  and  to 
those  of  the  first  two  portions  of  the  sacrum  ;  be- 
fore, to  the  linea  alba.  Its  upper  fibres  run  obli- 
quely upwards  and  forwards ;  the  middle  are 
horizontal;  and  the  lower  pass  obliquely  down- 
wards and  forwards. 

These  last,  in  the  male,  are  dragged  down 
through  the  inguinal  ring,  when  the  testicle  de- 
scends, and  form  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  cre- 
master. 

The  obliquus  internus  resembles  the  0.  exter- 
nus in  function. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Eye,  Amato'rii,  Cir- 
cumagen'tes,  liotato'res  Oc'uli,  are  two  in  number. 


OBLIQUE  EX T E R XE 


G41 


OBTURATOR 


ire  distinguished  into:  1.  Obliqnna  Superior 

0        ■  Amafo'riua  mus'cu/ua,  Trochlea' ria,   Troch- 

juua  major,  Circumductio'nia  op'i/ex, 

I.         t'aimua  oc'uli,  (F.)  Optico-trochlei  tcUroti- 

G  and  trochUateur  (Ch.),  0 rand  oblique  de 

i.  supirit  nr  rf<    Va 

at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of  the  url.it. 

It  is  small,  round,  fusiform,  and  reflected  npon 

ii  the  middle  of  its  course.     Behind,  it  is 

I  to  the  inside  of  the  foramen  opticum ; 

icn  it  arrives  opposite  the  internal  orbitar 

-.  it  becomes  a  small,  round  tendon,  which 

in  a  cartilaginous    pulley  fixed   to  the  os 

.  and  is  reflected,  at  an  acute  angle,  to  pro- 

lownwards    and    outwards,  and    to  attach 

to  the  outer  and  back  part  of  the  globe  of 

the  eye.    This  muscle  carries  the  globe  of  the  eye 

forwards  and  inwards  ;  making  it  experience  a 

■nt  of  rotation,  which    directs   the  pupil 

downwards  and  inwards.     This  is  conceived  to  be 

i    an  involuntary  muscle  as  well  as  the  next.     In 

according  to  Sir  C.  Bell,  when   the  power 

•  over    the    straight   or   voluntary   muscles   of   the 

:s   nearly   lost,  the  eye   is   given   up  to  the 

•  oblique  muscles,  \\  hich  lodge  the  transparent  cor- 

ler  the  upper  eyelid.     At  the  approach  of 
:h"  same  thing  is  observable;  henee,  the 
-   up  of  the  eye,  at    such    time,  is   not  an 
agony  or  suffering,  but  of  insensibi- 
lity.     1'.  Ob/i'quus  Tnfe' rior  seu  minor  oculi,  (F.) 
>-seleroticicn,     Petit     TrochUateur    (Ch.), 
Petit  oblique  ou  oblique  inffrieur  de  I'aeif,  is  .-itu- 
the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  orbit. 
it  and  attached   to   the   inner  and   anterior 
:  the  orbitar  surface  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary b  me,  on  the  outside  of  the  lachrymal  gutter; 
-•nee  it  passes  outwards  and   backwards, 
and  {■  rminates   by  an  aponeurosis,  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inner  part   of  the  globe   of  the  eye      It 
the  globe  of  the  eye  inwards  and  forwards  ; 
j   and  direct-  the  pupil  upwards  and  outwards. 

}vk  Muscles  of  the  Head.     These  are 
two  in  number.      1.    Obliquus  Superior  sen  minor 
is,  (F. )   Trachelo-atloido-occipital,  Atlo'ido- 
natoidien  (Ch.),  Muscle  oblique  supfrieur  oxx 
U'quede  la  tete.     This  muscle  is  situate  at 
es  of,  and   behind,  the   articulation  of  the 
it  is  flat  and  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to 
the  top  of  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  ;  and, 
i   on  the  other,  terminates  at  the  occipital  bone,  be- 
neath   the    inferior   curved   line,   and   sometimes, 
:  the  mastoid  region  of  the  temporal  bone. 
•'head, — inclining  it  to  one  side.     2. 
us    Inferior    Capitis,    Obliquus   major,  (F.) 
n.roii/o  tmcheli-at/o'idit  n,   .1  loirlo-afloidifn 
.   Oblique  inj'erieur  on    grand  obliqnt 
tete,  is  situate  at    the  posterior  part  of  the  neck 
and  head.     It  is  round,  fusiform  :  attached  to  the 
I    the  axis,  and  proceeds  to  ter- 
minate behind  and  below  the  summit  of  the  trans- 

c  al  as.      [t   impn s,  on  the 

first  vertebra  and  the  head,  a  movement  of  rota- 
tion, which  turns  the  face  to  one  side. 
Obi.iqit.  Pi:..,  i  ,.|  .,  pee  Vertebrae. 
OBLIQUE   EXTERXE,    Obliquus    externus 
abdominis  —  o.  (iron, I,   Obliquus  cxteriiu<   abdo- 
minis —  ,,.  Grand  d,  )',,  If,  Obliquus  suj  erior  ocu- 
li  — o.  0  and  ,!<■  /,,  tfi, ,  Obliquus   inferior  capitis 
—  o.  Infirieur  <l,   roll.  Obliquus  interior  oculi  — 
le  lo  tete,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis— 
a.  Interne,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis — o.  Petit, 
Obliquus  internus  abdominis —  o.  I',  tit, I.  Vaeil, 
Obliquus  inferior  oculi— o.  Petit  de  la  ttu 
qttna  superior  oculi  — o.  SupSrieur  de  Va>if,  Ohli- 
q«ltt  Biiperior  oculi— o.  Supfru  ur  rf<  la  tiU  .  Obli- 
r  capitis. 
OBLIQUITJZ  DE  LA  MAT/:/'-/:,  Retrover- 

OBLIQUUS  ASCENDENS,  0.  internui 

41 


minis  —  o.  Auris,  Laxator  tympani  —  o.  Desr-en- 
dena  externus,  o.  externus  abdominis — o.  Major, 
rnua  abdominis,  o.  inferior  capitis,  0.  su- 
perior oculi  —  o.  .Minor,  0.  internus  abdominis  — 
o.  Minor  capitis,  0.  superior  Capitis  —  0. 
OCUli,  0.  inferior  oculi. 

OBLITERATED,  Oblitera'ttu  j  from  oWife- 
rare,   (ul>,   and    litem,)    'to    efface.'       A   \.--,-]    .r 

duct  ia  said  to  be  obliterated,  when  its  pane  tea 
have  approximated  and  contracted  such  an 

si. .ii  to  each  other  that  the  cavity  has  completely 
diappeared. 

OBLITERATIO  COMPLETA,  Hapantiamue. 

OBLIVIO,  Amnesia— o.  Iners,  Lethargy. 

OBLOBIUM,  Antilobium. 

OB'OLUS,  Onolotat.  A  weight  of  9  or  10  grains. 

OBSCCENiE  I'  IRTES,  t;  nital  organs. 

OBSGURCISSEMENTDELA  1  I  E,  Caligo. 

OBSERVATION,    Obscrva'tio,  (from  ob,  and 

.  -,  rvatum,  ■  to  keep,'  e.  g.  in  sight.  !     '/'■    ■'- 

nii,  Symparatere'aia,     Act  of  examining  a    thing 

by  means    of  the  external   senses.      Thia  word  is 

employed  in   several   acceptations.      It   es 

—  1.  The  action  of  observing  —  2.  The  ag 

of  knowledge,  afforded  by  observation.   In  French 

—  but  not  in  English  —  it  means  the  etue  or  his- 
tory of  the  phenomena  presented  by  a  patient  in 
the  course  of  a  disease. 

OBSERVATION,  Case  — o.  Method  of.  Nu- 
merical method. 

OBSTET'RIC,  Obttct'ricus,  Obstetrical;  same 
etymon  as  obstetrics.  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  obstetrics, — as  'obstetric  auscultation/  'olxtet- 
ric  exploration,'  &c. 

Oustktrtc  Chair,  Labour-chair. 

OBSTETRICANS,  Accoucheur. 

OBSTETRICS,  from  Obxtctri.r,  'a  midwife,' 
(obatare,ob,  and  stare,  'to  stand  before.')  T,,l;,l'- 
ogy,  Toeol'ogy,  Maiei'a,  Maeei'a,  Maei'a,  Maeeu'- 
tica  are,  Arn  obstetric"  ia,  Obxtet'ricy,  (l\)  (,'/,. 
ete'triqiie.  The  art  of  midwifery.  Midwifery 
in  general. 

OBSTETRICY,  Obstetrics. 

0 BS TE  TR I <)  I  /;.  Obstetrics. 

OBSTETRIX,  Midwife. 

0BSTIPATI0,  Constipation— o.  Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 

Obstipatio,  see  Hump. 

ITPITAS,  Torticollis— o.  Capitis  seu  Colli, 
Torticollis. 

OBSTRUCTIO,  Emphraxis,  Stegnosis— o.  Al- 
vi,  Constipation  —  o.  Ductus  Alimentarii,  Consti- 
pation—  o.  Ductus*  Stenoniani,   Stenostenosia 

0.  Intestinalis,  Constipation — o.  Recti  Spastica, 
Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic —  o.  l'ulmo- 
num  pituitosa  febrilis,  Peripneumonia  notha. 

OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES, 
Entereraphraxis. 

OB'STRUENS,  from  obatrvo,  (oh,  and  atrveri, 
'  to  build.)  '  I  stop  up  by  building  against.'  (>/,- 
pilati'vua,  A  medicine  which  closes  the  orifices 
of  ducts  or  vessels, 

OBSTUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 

OBTONDANT,  Obtui 

OBTRUNCATIO,  Decollation. 

0BT1  MESCENTIA,  Mutitaa. 

OBTUN'DENS,  (F.)   Obtondant,   from  obrun- 

i  and  tun,  I  err,  '  to  heat,')  '  to  beat  against,' 
and  therefore  to  blunt  the  edge.      An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  remedies    that  were   BUpposed,  ;.• 
to    an   erroneous   theory,    to   be   possessed    of  the 
power  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of  the  bun 

A  demulcent  is  one  of  th 

OBI  QRAMENTUM,  Emphragma, 

OBTURA  TEURt  Obturator. 

OBTl  l:.\  TEX  I:  DV  /'ALMS,  Palate,  arti- 
ficial. 

OBTURATIO,  Emphraxis. 

OBTURATOR,  Obtwato'riw,  (F.)  Obtnratevr, 


OBTURATOR  ARTERY 


642 


OCCIPITAL 


from  obturare,  (akin  to  -Svpa,  'a  door,'[?])  'to 
close.'  '  stop  up  the  entrance.'  A  name  given  in 
anatomy,  to  several  parts. 

Obturator  Artery,  Arteria  obturato'ria  seu 
obtura'trix,  (F.)  Sous-pubio  femorale  (Ch.),  Artere 
obturatrice,  arises,  most  commonly,  from  the  hy- 
pogastric.  It  is,  however,  frequently  given  off 
from  the  epigastric  ;  a  matter  of  importance  to  be 
determined  in  cases  of  femoral  hernia.  Of  500 
obturator  arteries  examined  by  M.  J.  Cloquet, 
:->  [0  were  furnished  by  the  hypogastric,  and  152 
by  the  epigastric  or  crural.  When  it  arises  from 
the  hypogastric,  it  passes  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  then  turns  horizontally  into  the  cavity  of  the 
pelvis,  to  issue  from  this  cavity  by  the  opening 
left  at  the  upper  part  of  the  obturator  membrane. 
\Vhen,  on  the  contrary,  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric  or  the  crural,  it  de- 
scends obliquely  inwards,  behind  the  os  pubis, 
to  the  obturator  foramen.  At  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis,  the  artery  divides  into  two  branches,  a 
posterior  and  an  anterior,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  muscles  of  the  anterior  and  superior  part 
of  the  thigh. 

Obtura'tor  Fora'mex,  Fora'men  Obturato'- 
Huta  seu  obtura'tum  seu  infra -pubia'num  seu 
ova'le  seu  thyro'ideum  seu  Thyro'i'des  seu  Am  plum 
Pelvis,  (F.)  Trou  sous-pubien.  A  large  opening, 
of  an  oval  or  triangular  form,  in  the  anterior  part 
of  the  os  innominatum.  on  the  outside  of  the  sym- 
physis pubis  and  beneath  tho  horizontal  ramus 
of  the  os  pubis.  This  foramen  is  closed  by  a 
membranous  ligament. 

Obturator  LiCxAment  or  Membrane.  Sub- 
pubic membrane,  is  a  fibrous  membrane,  fixed  to 
the  whole  circumference  of  the  obturator  fora- 
men, except  above,  where  an  opening  remains  for 
the  passage  of  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  same 
name. 

Obturator  Muscl.es,  Obtnrato'res,  Potato' res 
fem'oris.  These  are  two  in  number.  They  are 
divided  into 

a.  Obturator  Ecter'nus,  E.rtra-pelvio-pubi-fro- 
t.'ianterien,  Sous-pubio-trochanterien  externe  (Ch.) 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular; 
and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  os  pubis,  to  that  of  the  ischium, 
and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  obturator  liga- 
ment. Its  fleshy  fibres  converge  to  the  tendon, 
which  proceeds  to  be  inserted  at  the  inferior  part 
of  the  cavity  of  the  great  trochanter.  This  mus- 
cle rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

b.  Obturator  Inter'nus,  Jfarsupia'lis,  Bursa'lis, 
Intra-pelvio-trochanterien,  Sotts-pubio-trochante- 
rien  interne  (Ch.)  is  seated,  almost  entirely,  in  the 
pelvis.  It  arises  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
obturator  ligament,  and  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  circumference  of  the  obturator  foramen, 
and  is  inserted,  by  means  of  a  strong  tendon, 
running  between  the  two  portions  of  the  gemini, 
into  the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the  great  trochan- 
ter; after  having  turned  upon  the  ischium,  which 
forms  for  it  a  kind  of  pullej*.  This  muscle  also 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

Obturator  Nerve,  Sous-pnbio-femoral,  (Ch.), 
proceeds  principally  from  the  2d  and  3d  lumbar 
nerve-s.  It  descends  into  the  pelvis;  gains  the 
obturator  foramen  ;  gives  branches  to  the  obtu- 
rator muscles,  and  divides,  behind  the  abductor 
primus  and  pectinalis,  into  two  branches;  one 
anterior,  whose  branches  are  distributed  to  the 
first  two  adductors,  gracilis,  and  integuments; 
the  other,  posterior,  distributing  its  ramifications 
to  the  obturator  externus  and  third  adductor. 

Obturator  Vein  has,  ordinarily,  the  same  ar- 
rangement as  the  artery.  It  is  common,  however, 
to  find  it  arising  from  the  epigastric;  whilst  the 


corresponding  artery  proceeds  from  the  hypogas- 
tric, and  conversely. 

The  term  obturator,   (F.)  Obturateur,  is,  also, 
applied  to  an  instrument,  adapted  for  closing  an 
opening  caused  by  a  wound  or  disease. 
OBTURATORES,  Obturator  muscles. 
OBVOLVEXTIA,  Demulcents. 
OCA,  Oxalis  tuberosa. 
OCCiECATIO,  Cartas. 

OCCIP'ITAL,    Occipitalis.     That  which  be 
longs  to  the  occiput. 

Occipital  Artery.  This  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  external  carotid,  beneath  the 
parotid.  It  proceeds  backwards,  passes  between 
the  mastoid  process  and  the  transverse  process 
of  the  atlas;  reaches  the  occipital  bone  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  may  be  called 
ascending  posterior  and  anterior,  and  are  distri- 
buted to  the  neighbouring  muscles  and  ligaments. 
Occip'ttal  Bone,  Os  occip'itis  seu  occipit'ii  seu 
occipita'le  seu  spheno-basila're  seu  memo' rias  seu 
nervo'sum  seu  basila're  seu  prorce  seu  pyx'idis  seu 
sextum  cra'nii  seu  lambdoi'des  seu  lambdcB  seu 
laudcB  seu  puppis  seu  nervo'sum  seu  fibro'sum  seu 
pelvicephal' icum,  (F.)  Os  occipital,  is  situate  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium, 
which  it  assists  in  forming.  It  is  flat,  symmetri- 
cal, and  curved  upon  itself.  It  presents,  1.  An 
occipital  or  posterior  surface,  which  is  convex, 
and  has,  upon  the  median  line,  the  basilary  sur- 
face, the  foramen  magnum,  through  which  pas>es 
the  spinal  marrow  with  its  membranes  and  ves- 
sels,— the  external  occipital  crest,  the  external  oc- 
cipital protuberance ;  and,  at  the  sides,  the  upper 
curved  line,  large  rough  arched  ridge  or  transverse 
arch  or  linea  semicircularis,  the  lower  curved  line, 
the  posterior  condyloid  fossce,  the  condyles  for  the 
articulation  of  this  bone  with  the  atlas;  and  the 
anterior  condyloid  fossce,  pierced  by  a  foramen 
for  the  passage  of  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves.  2.  A 
cerebral  or  anterior  surface.  On  the  median  line 
are:  the  basilary  fossce,  the  inner  orifice  of  the 
foramen  magnum,  the  internal  occipital  crest,  the 
internal  occipital  j)rotuberance,  the  cruciform 
spine;  a  channel,  which  lodges  the  termination 
of  the'  straight  sinus,  and  on  each  side,  the  occi- 
pital fossce,  distinguished  into  superior  or  cere- 
brul,  and  inferior  or  cerebellous,  and  separated  by 
a  groove  which  lodges  the  lateral  sinus.  3.  The 
surfaces  of  the  occipital  bone  are  separated  by 
four  ridges  and  four  angles.  The  two  superior 
edges  are  articulated  with  the  parietal  bones  ;  the 
two  lower  join  the  temporal ;  and  the  anterior 
angle,  under  the  name  basilary  jyrocess,  is  united 
to  the  sphenoid. 

The  occipital  bone  is  developed  from  four 
points  of  ossification;  and  sometimes  from  a 
greater  number. 

Occipital  Muscle,    Occipitalis.     Many  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name    to    the  posterior 
II  fasciculus  of  the  occipito-frontalis. 

Occipital   Nerve,    Sub-occipital   nerve,    (F.) 
'I  Premiere  paire  trachelienne  (Ch.),  Kerf  occipital 
;!  ou  sous  occipital.     It  arises  from  the  upper  part 
j  of  the  spinal  marrow  by  eight  or  ten  filaments, 
united  in  two  fasciculi.     Thus  formed,  it  passes 
between  the  foramen  magnum  and  the  posterior 
"  arch  of  the  atlas;  and,  at  this  place,  forms  a  long 
1  ganglion,  afterwards  dividing  into  two  branches. 
Of  these,  the  anterior,  which  is  long  and  small, 
makes  a  turn  above  the  transverse  process  of  the 
atlas  and   forms    an    anastomotic    noose  with  a 
branch  of  the  second  cervical  nerve.     The  poste- 
rior branch,  larger  and  shorter,  divides  into  seven 
or  eight  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
muscles  of  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  neck. 
Occipital  Region*,  Occiput. 
Occipital  Vein.     Its  roots  follow  exactly  the 
course  of  the  branches  of  the  artery,  and  unite 


OCCIPITIUM 


OCYTOCUS 


into  a  single  trunk,  which  opens  into  the  internal 
Jugular  rein,  and  sometimes  into  the  external. 
[P]  I'!!  M.  Occiput. 
OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID,  Oceipito-atltAeUus,  (F.) 

idien.     That  which  has  reference  to 
the  occiput  and  atlas. 

:ito-Atloid  AitTKMi.vTiON  is  the  articu- 
lation of  the  condylea  of  the  occipital  bone  with 
the  superior  articular  cavities  of  the  atlas.  It  is  , 
Itrengthened  by  two  ligaments  ;  the  one  anterior, 
tiie  other  posterior,  called  oeeipito-atloid  liga- 
nunti:  the  one  extend*  from  the  anterior,  the 
other  from  the  posterior,  arch  of  the  atlas,  to  the 
inding  portion  of  the  circumference  of  the 
foramen  magnum. 

OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID,   Occipito-axoldetu,  (F.) 
iidien.      That    which    relates    to    the 
occipital  bone  and  the  axis  or  second  vertehra. 

Occipito-axoid  AuTict  i.ation  is  the  connex- 
ion of  the  occipital  bone  with  the  axis  or 
vertebra,  although  these  hones  are  not  really  ar- 
ticulated, but  are  merely  retained  in  apposition 
by  three  strong  ligaments,  the  posterior  of  which 
is  called  the  occipito-axoid,  and  the  two  others 
odontoid. 

OCCIPITO-FROXTA'LTS,  Digas'tricui  cra'- 
irii,  Epiera'nius,  Fronta'lit  ti  occipitalis.  The 
majority  of  anatomists  call  by  this  name  the 
whole  of  the  fleshy  plane,  with  the  epicranial  or 
coronal  aponeurosis,  (see  Calotte,)  which  covers 
the  head  from  the  occiput  to  the  forehead.  It  is 
attached,  by  its  posterior  fasciculus,  to  the  two 
outer  thirds  of  the  upper  curved  line  of  the  occi- 
pital hone,  and  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  mas- 
toid  portion  of  the  temporal;  and,  by  its  anterior 
ilus,  it  terminates  at  the  eyebrow,  where  it 
becomes  confounded  with  the  superciliaris,  pyra- 
midalis  nasi,  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

The  oocipito-frontalis,  by  the  contraction  of  its 
anterior  fasciculus,  draws  forward  a  part  of  the 
Integuments  of  the  cranium.  It  wrinkles  the 
skin  of  the  forehead  transversely,  and  may,  also 
contribute  to  open  the  eye  by  its  decussation  with 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The  posterior  fas- 
ciculus of  the  muscle  draws  backwards  a  part  of 
in  of  the  cranium,  and  assists  in  stretching 
toe  common  aponeurosis. 

OCCIPTTO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which  be- 
1  >ngs  to  the  occipital  bone,  and  to  the  meninge 
or  dura  mater. 

rpiTO-M i:\ingral  Artery,    in    Chaussier's 

nomenclature,  is  a  branch  of  the  vertebral,  f^iven 

off   to  the  dura  mater  at  its  entrance    into    the 

ium. 

OCCIPUT,  Occipit'iiim  (ob,  and  caput).  /'■  ■',-, 

ta'lis,  /n' inn,  Opisthocra'ttinm, Opisthoceph' - 

Hysterocra'nium,  Prora,  Occipi'tium.     The 

back  part  of  the  head,  formed  by  the  occipital 

Occiput,  Soft,  Craniotabes. 
OCCLU'SION,    Occlu'$io,   Myci,   from   occln- 
occlu*um,   'to   shut   up.'     Sometimes   this 
signifies,  simply,  the  transient  approxima- 
tion of  the  edges  of  a  natural  opening  —  the  oc- 
i  of  t!e>  eyelids,  for  example;  at  others  it 
onymous  with   imperforation,  as  occlusion 
of  the  pupil,  vnfjinn,  Ac. 

IT  DISE  ^SES,  ice  Latent 
\X  SPRINGS,  see    Mississippi,  Mineral 

OCIIEMA.  Vehicle. 
OCHETEUM  \T  \.  Xares. 

OCHETOS,  Canal. 

UEUS.  Scrotum. 

[LE'SIS,  from   oY>oj,  'a  crowd. '      A   term, 
by  Dr.  George  Gregory  to  a  morbid  eon- 
induced  by  the  crowding  together  of  sick 
■  roof. 
OCUREA  RUBRA,  Bamatites. 


.'  \-is.  Pal 
OCHROMA,  Paleness. 

[ROPYRA,  Pever,  yellow. 
0<  HROTES,  Paleness. 
OCHROTYPHUS,   Fever,  vcllow. 
0CIITH1  \>1S.  Molluscuon. 
OCHTHODES,  Callous, 
OCIMUM  ADSCENDENS,  0.  Basilicum. 

Oci'MUM  P.asii.'iitm,  0.  adsct  n'll,  nx  sen  pil,,'- 
tiitn  sen  run  mo' sunt  sen  cilnt'iiiin,  Beren' 
Basil'icum,  11.  mains  sen  citra'tum,  Common  or 
Citron  basil,  (F.)  Basilic  eotnwun  ;  Slmnov,  from 
um-if,  'swift,'  Owing  to  its  swift  growth.  Nat. 
Ord.  Labiates.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymno- 
spermia.  This  herb  has  a  fragrant  odour  and 
aromatic  taste.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment,  and 
has  been  supposed  to  pnssi  ss  nervine  properties. 

OCIMDM      CakVOIMIVI.I.v'tI'M,      O.      iniii' in, urn, 

Small  or  Bush  L<i*i/.  Possesses  properties  similar 
to  the  former.      It  is  sometimes  used  as  snuff. 

OciMnn  Cituatim,  0.  Basilicum  —  o.  Pilosum, 
0.  Basilicum — o.  Racemosum,  0.  Basilicum. 

OCOTKA  AM  All  A.  Nectandra  eymbarum— o. 
Cymbarum,  Nectandra  eymbarum — o.  Pichurim, 
see  Pichurim  beans  —  o.  Puchury,  see  Pichurim 
beans. 

OCREA,  Hippocampus  minor,  Shin. 

OCTA'XA,  Hebdomada'ria,  Febris  hebdoma- 
da'ria,  from  octo,  'eight.'  A  fever  whose  parox- 
ysms recur  every  week  : — a  supposititious  case. 

OCTA'RIUS.  A  pint.  The  eighth  part  of  a 
wine-gallon.  Same  etymon.  It  contains  six- 
teen fluidounces  (Ph.  U.  S.), — 20  fluidounces  im- 
perial measure. 

OCTOPUS,  Synapheocephalus,  Hemipages. 

0CTUNX,  from  octo,  'eight,'  and  uucia,  'an 
ounce.'     A  weisrht  of  eight  ounces. 

OCULAR.  Ocula'ris,  (F.)  Oculaire,  from  ocu- 
htx,  'an  eye.'     Of  or  belonging  to  the  eye. 

Ocular  Cone.  The  cone  formed  within  the 
eye  by  a  pencil  of  rays  proceeding  from  an  ob- 
ject :  the  base  of  the  cone  being  on  the  cornea, 
— the  apex  on  the  retina. 

OCULARES  COM  MUXES,  Motorcs  oculorum 
— o.  Dentes,  Canine  teeth. 

OCULARIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OCULI  MARMARYGODES,  Metamorphop- 
sia — o.  Palpebrarum  scabies  pruriginosa,  Oph- 
thalmia tarsi. 

OC'TTLIST,  Octdis'ta,  Ophthalmia' ter,  Med'icus 
ocula'riits  ^^n  ophthal'mictts,  from  octilus,  'an 
eye.'  One  who  occupies  himself,  chiefly,  with  the 
management  of  diseases  of  the  eve. 

OCUUSTTQUE.  Ophthalmology. 

OCULO-MUSCULAR  NERVES,  COMMON, 
Motores  oculorum. 

OCULUM  MOVENS  PRIMUS,  Rectus  inter- 
ims oculi  —  o.  Movens  quartus,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi — o.  Movens  secundum  Rectus  extern  US  oculi 
— o.  Movens  tertius,  Rectus  Buperior  oculi. 

OCULUS,  Eye  — o.  Bovinus,  Hydrophthalmia 

—  o.  Bovis,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  — o. 
Bubulus,  Hydrophthalmia — o.  Cassias,  Glaucoma 

—  o.  Duplex,  Binoculus  —  o.  Elephantinus,  Hy- 
drophthalmia— o.  Genu,  Patella — o.  Lacrymans, 
Epiphora  —  o.  Purulentus,   Hypopyon — o.  Bim- 

M   ooculus— o.  Typhonis,  Soil  la. 

OCYMUM,  see  Ocimum— -o.  Sylvestre,  Clino- 
podium  rulgare. 

0    5TODYNIC,  Ocytocic. 

OCYPH'ONUS,  from  okvc,  'quick,'  and  Qovos, 
'murder.'     An  agent  that  kills  Bpeedily. 

0CYTOCE1  3,  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCIC,  Oxytocic,  Ocytoe'ens,  Oeyfoc/iut, 
Oeyfocns,  Ocyody'nic,  Odinago'gus,  from  o£i>c, 
'quick,'  and  roKst,  'labour.'  Any  thing  that  cx- 
pedites  parturition. 

OCYTOCIUS,  Ocytocic 

OCYTOCUS,  Ocytocic. 


OD 


6  44 


ODONTRYPY 


OD.  A  term,  employed  by  Reichenbach  to 
designate  an  "effective  force,"  which,  according 
to  him,  not  only  manifests  itself  in  contact  with 
man,  as  in  the  case  of  magnets,  crystals,  the 
hands,  &c,  hut,  also,  at  distances,  as  from  the 
sun,  moon,  and  stars  —  indeed  from  all  matter. 
Such  a  force  is  termed  by  him  odic. 

ODAXIS'MUS,  Odaxes'mus,  Odontoene'sis, 
Odontoenes'mus,  obafronos;  a  sensation  of  biting 
or  pricking,  as  that  in  the  gums  whieh  precedes 
the  appearance  of  the  teeth. 

ODES.     A  suffix,  see  Eidos. 

ODEUR,  Odour. 

ODIC,  see  Od. 

ODIN,  Pains,  (labour.) 

ODTNAGOGUS,  Ocytocic. 

ODINOL'YSIS,  from  obiv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
Au<n?>  'solution.'     Mitigation  of  labour  pains. 

ODINOPCE'A,  from  obiv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
77ot£w,  <  I  make.'  Agents  that  encourage  labour 
pains. 

ODTR,  Pains,  labour. 

ODME,  Odour. 

ODONTAGOGON,  Dentagra. 

ODON'TAGRA,  from  obovs,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,' 
and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A  rheumatic  or  gouty 
pain  in  the  teeth.     Dentagra. 

ODONTAL/GIA,  from  obovg,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,' 
and  a\yog,  'pain.'  Den'tium  dolor,  Toothach, 
Odon'tia,  0.  dnloro'sa,  Gotnpki'asig,  Gomphias'  - 
mus,  Odontodynia,  (F.)  Doulenr  des  dents,  Flux- 
ion sur  les  dents,  Mai  de  dent  ou  d'amour.  A  dis- 
ease dependent  upon  a  variety  of  causes  affecting 
the  cavity  of  the  tooth  ;  but  generally  owing  to 
caries,  which  exposes  the  cavity  to  the  action  of 
the  air,  and  to  extraneous  matters  in  general. 
Hence,  the  treatment  consists  in  plugging  the 
tooth,  or  destroying  the  sensibility  of  the  nerve 
by  powerful  stimulants  ;  and,  if  these  means  fail, 
in  extracting  the  tooth. 

Odontalgia  Cariosa,  Dental  gangrene  —  o. 
Dentitionis,  Dentition — o.  Haemodia,  Haemodia. 

Odontalgia  Nervo'sa,  Neuralgia  Denta'lis. 
Neuralgia  of  the  teeth.  Characterized  by  pe- 
riodical pain,  shooting  with  the  utmost  violence 
along  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair  distributed  to 
the  affected  jaw. 

Odontalgia  Remittens  et  Intermittens, 
Neuralgia  infra-orbitaria. 

ODONTALGIC,  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTAMBLYOGMUS,  Haemodia. 

ODONTILEMODTA,  Haemodia. 

ODONTHARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

ODONTHYPER2ESTHESIS,  Haemodia. 

ODONTIA,  Odontalgia. 

Odon'tia  Defor'mis.  Deformity  of  the  teeth 
from  error  of  shape,  position,  or  number. — Good. 

Odontia  Dentitionis  Lactantium,  see  Denti- 
tion (first) — o.  Dentitionis  puerilis,  see  Dentition 
(second)  —  o.  Edentula,  see  Nefrendes  —  o.  Ex- 
crescens,  Epulis — o.  Incrustans,  Odontolithos — o. 
Stuporis,  Haemodia. 

ODONTIASIS,  Dentition. 

ODONTIATER,  Dentist, 

ODONTIATRIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTIC,  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTI'TIS,  Odontophleg'mone,  from  obo-g, 
obovrog,  '  a  tooth,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOBOTHRITIS,  Odontophatni'tis,  Tn- 
flamma'tio  alveola' rum,  from  odontobothrion, 
(obovg,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and  QoSpiov,  'alveolus,') 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  alveoli. 

ODONTOBOTHRIUM,  Alveolus. 

ODONTOCLA'SIS,  from  obovg,  obovrog,  'a 
tooth,'  and  K^ao-ig.  'fracture;  Fractu'ra  den'tis. 
Fracture  of  a  tooth. 

ODONTOCNESIS,  Odaxesmus. 


ODONTOCNESMUS,  Odaxismus. 

ODONTODES,  Odontoid. 

ODONTODYNIA,  Odontalgia. 

ODONTOGENY,  Odontogen'ia,  from  obovg, 
obovrog,  ' a  tooth,'  and  ytvtoig,  'generation.'  Ge- 
neration or  mode  of  development  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOGLYPHON,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum 
lancet. 

ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum 
lancet. 

ODONTOGRAPHY,  Odontography,  from 
obovg,  obovrog,  '  a  tooth,'  and  ypa<pr},  '  a  description. 
A  description  of  the  teeth. 

ODON'TOID,  Odontoi'des,  Odonto'des,  Bent!- 
form' is,  Denta'lis,  Dento'ideus,  Pyreno'i'des,  from 
obovs,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and  ttbog,  'shape,'  're- 
semblance.' An  epithet  given  to  the  Processus 
dentatus  of  the  second  vertebra  or  axis. 

Odontoid  Ltg'aments,  Ligamen'ta  ala'ria  sen 
Mauchar'ti,  (F.)  Ligaments  odovto'idiens,  are  two 
strong  and  short  conical  fasciculi,  whose  trun- 
cated summits  embrace  the  sides  of  the  odontoid 
process,  and  whose  bases  are  fixed  in  the  fossae 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital 
bone.  Their  direction  is  obliquely  outwards  and 
slightly  upwards.  They  enter  into  the  composi- 
tion of  the  occipito-axoid  articulation,  strengthen 
the  junction  of  the  head  with  the  vertebral 
column,  and  limit  the  movement  of  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  axis. 

Other  ligamentous  fibres  pass  from  the  highest 
portion  of  the  processus  dentatus  to  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  foramen  magnum  of  the  occipital 
bone — constituting  the  Ligame}i'tum  suspenso'  Hum 
dent  is. 

ODONTOL'ITHOS,  (F.)  Odontolithe.  from 
obovg,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,' and  \i$og,  'a  stone.'  A 
sort  of  incrustation,  of  a  yellowish  colour,  which 
forms  at  the  corona?  of  the  teeth,  and  is  called 
Tartar,  Tar'tnrns  Den'tium,  Odon'tia  incrus'tans, 
CaV  cuius  denta'lis,  (F.)  Tart  re  des  dents,  T.  den- 
taire.  It  consists  of  seventy-nine  parts  of  phos- 
phate of  lime;  twelve  and  a  half  of  mucus:  one 
of  a  particular  salivary  matter,  and  seven  and  h 
half  of  animal  substance,  soluble  in  chlorohydric 
acid.  A  species  of  infusoria,  Dentic'ola  hom'iitis, 
has  been  found  in  it. 

ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontolog"ia,  from  otovc, 
obovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and  Xoyog.  'a  discourse.'  An 
anatomical  treatise  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTONECROSIS,  Dental  gancrrene. 

ODONTOPARALLAXIS,  from  obovg,  obovrog, 
'a  tooth,'  and  z-tipa\Xa^ig,  'deviation.'  Irregu- 
larity and  obliquity  of  the  teeth;  (Prov.)  Snaggle 
teeth. 

ODONTOPHATNE,  Alveolus. 

ODONTOPHATNITIS,  Odontobothritis. 

ODONTOPLEROSIS,  see  Filling. 

ODONTOPHYIA,  Dentition. 

ODONTOPRISIS,  Brygmus,  Stridor  dentium. 

ODONTOSEI'SIS,  Odontoseis'mns,  Den'tium 
vacillan'tia,  from  obovg,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and 
eclats,  'shaking.'     Looseness  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOSETSMUS,  Odontoseisis. 

ODONTOSMEGMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOSPIIACELTSIS.  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOSPHACELISMUS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOSTERE'SIS,  from  obovg,  obovrog,  'a 
tooth,'  and  arepr;<ng,  'privation.'  Loss  of  the 
teeth. 

ODONTOSYNERTSM'US,  from  obovg,  obovmc, 
'a  tooth,'  and  avvept^nv,  'to  strike  together ;'  (F.) 
Claquement.     Chattering  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOTECHNY,  Dentistry. 

0D0NT0TT1ERAPIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTOTRTMMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOTRYPY,  Odontrypy. 

ODON'TRYPY,  Odontot'rypy,  Od^vtotrj/p'ia, 
from  obovg,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and  rpvnau),  'I  per- 


0  D  0  R  A  M  E  N  T  U  M 


6  I 


(BNOLOTIF 


The  opcrati  m  of  perforating  ■  tooth  to 
evacuate  purulent  matter  confined  In  the  cavity 
• 
iR  OMENTUM,  Odoriferum. 
0  >"  t  I  VT,  see  OJ  >ur. 
•i..n. 
:'[<>.  Olfaction. 

-     Ufaction— o.  Deperditus, 
mi  i. 

iRIF'ERUM,  from  odor,  odorit,   'odour,' 

•  m  |         .  •  I  .i'!'.  :'  0  lor  amen' turn.     A  medicine 

,  »g  nd  >ur  or  flavour.    A  scent  A  perfume. 

•  lour. 

•  13,  Way. 

O'D  i   Odenr.     A 


••  v  I.  lctbi  m,  Phlegmatia  d 
(Eobma  ok  mi.   I.i  fas,  CE.  pulmo'mim,  Put 
mock' y  tit,    PueumoHotde'ma,    Hydrops    sea    at 


//,/,/ 


faropne 


unto     littl, 


tar'  <-,(      Pulmo  '  uunt, 

dtt  jioitntott.  Laennec  has  mi  called  the 
infiltration  of  serum  into  the  tissue  of  the  lung, 
carried  to  such  an  extent  as  to  diminish  its 
permeability  to  air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sequela  <>t'  pneumonia,  and  the  major  exanthe- 
mata. The  respiration  is  laborious  j  the  respira- 
tory murmur  soaroely  peroeptible,  although  the 
thorax  is  largely  expanded,  and  there  is  a  Blight 

rdU  crepitant,  particularly  at  the  base   and   inte- 
rior part  of  the  lung.     The  sound  <>u  p  i 
clear,  and  on  both  sides  equally  so.      Tli- 


it  I, urs    are    subtle    particles,   constantly      is  attended  with  aqueous  expectoration.      [n  SOU) 


ig  from  the  surface  of  certain  holies  hence 

:     ;   Odorant.      They  act,  in  some 

manner,  by  actual  contact  with  the  nerves  of  the 

lerian  membrane,  and  give  occasion  to  the 

»f  smell  or  olfaction. 

■eth. 
JTNE,  oJurif,  'pain.'   Dolor,   Odyne'ma.     A 
i  suffix  to  words;  as  in  Pieurodyne. 
\i:\l  \.  Odyne. 
'   i.MA'MA,  Oikeioma'nia,  from  oaccios,  'be- 
longing to  a  househ  ild  or  family,'  and  mania.    A 
i"  .i*  n  of  moral   insanity,  characterised  by  domes- 

iNOMIA,  Economy  — oe.  Animalis,  Phy- 

ILTCUS.  CElematous. 
-      Edematous. 

(EDE'MA,  from  odcu>,  'I  am    swollen.'     ////- 

dron'ai*,  CElemat'ia,   Hyderon'cus,   Hydaton'cus, 

i.    Hydrede'ma,   Hydrops    cellula'rit 

nr'tuum,  Phlegmasia,  Leucophlegma'tia,   Ecphy'- 

mat'icnm,  (F.;  CEdime,  CEdimatie,  Fuji  tire. 

Swelling  I  by  the  accumulation  of  a  se- 

.    I  in  the  interstices  of  the  areolar  texture. 

swelling   i-   soft;  yields  under  the  finger: 

■s  the  impression  for  some  time,  and  is 

ind    without    pain.      It    presents    the    same 

characters  as  ana-area,  which  is  general  oedema. 

tlogy   and  treatment   are  also  the   same. 

r  ■  a. 
■  \  Acutum,  see  Anasarca. 
iv    A::si:\ic  v'i.is.      The    swelling  of   the 
-   in  I  face,  induced  by  continued  use  of  the 
itions  of  arsenic. 

:v   Calidum,  see  Anasarca  —  oe.   Capitis, 
iphalus  externus. 

MA    Cer'bbri,    (F.)    CEdime    du    cervenu. 
<Tj  lenri  of  the  brain.      A  condition  of  the  cerebral 
pulp,  in  which   there  is   an   infiltration   of 
fluid  into  it,  so  that  it  appears  m  >re  moisl  or  wa- 
in common  :   and,  when    sliced  or  | 
sin  ill  drops  of  water  tire  seen  to  oo/.e  out. 
(Eobma,  Compact,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
-oe.  Cruentum,  Suggillation — oe.  Febrile, 
Fugax,    Anathymiasie — oe. 
I'm,  An  ithym 
M  \  ok  thi;  <Ji. orris.  CE.  glot'tidit,  '.' 
Lnryngi'tia  or  angina, Lnryngi'tis  tnbmuco'ta 
purulen'ta,  Hydrops  glot'- 
\ngi'nn  aqtio'*a  sen   larynge'a  ademato'sa, 
i/i'tix,   (V.)    Laryngite  cedima- 
/..  cede" mate uie  et  tiro-pnrulente  on  tus-glot- 
■  munueune,  Angine  faryngie   a 

la  glotte.     A  disease  consisting 

purulent  infiltration    into   the 

of  the  glottis.     The  symptoms 

roup  ;    but  the  disease   attacks 

'ilt  rather  than  the  child.      The   age   i<.  in- 

'  principal  means  of  diagnosis  between  the 

.'ways  fatal.  The  treat- 
ment has  to  vary  according  to  the  accompanying 
general  symj 


1 -—I 

eases  the  respiration  becomes  peurile  in  a  small 
portion  of  the  summit  of  the  lung. 

(Edkma  NEONATORUM,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue  —  oe.  Palpebrarum,  Hydroblepharon  — 
oe.  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — oe.  Pulmo- 
num,  (Edema  of  the  lungs — oe.  Pulmonum  chro- 
nicum,  Hydropneumonia  —  oe.  Scroti  aquosum, 
Osohydroedema  —  oe.  Scroti  cruentum,  Oschama- 
toa  leuia— oe.  Scroti  purulentum,  Oscheopyoedema 
—  oe.  Scroti  urinosum,  Urocele  —  oe.  Bpastioum, 
Anathvmiasis — oe.  Uvulae,  Staphyledema. 

(EDEMATIA,  (Edema; 

CEDEMATIE,  (Edema. 

(EDEMATOSARCA,  (Edemosaroa. 

(EDEMATOSCHFAtCE'LK,  CEdemoeoheoce'lS, 
Oacheoee'li  osdemat'ica.  Oscheocele  with  oedema 
of  the  scrotum, 

(EDEM'ATOUS,  CEdemato'sus,  (Edemat'ieue, 
CEdemato'des,  CEdaVius,  (Edal'icua,  Edem'atoue, 
(F.)  (Edemnteux.  Atfected  with  oedema,  (F.) 
(Edimatie,  of  the  nature  of  oedema. 

CEDE  ME,  (Edema  —  <v.  du  Cerveau,  (Edema 
cerebri  —  a?.  Douloureux  </">•  /emmet  en  couche, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — a».  des  Houvelles  aeeouchiea, 
Phlegmatia  dolens  —  ce.  octif  dea  Nouvellet  ere- 
couchiea,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  <c.  de  hi  Glotte, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  «■.  de  l<i  (Untie,  Angina 
oedematosa  —  "'.  du  Tis*n  cellulaire  des  nouveau- 
nie,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

(EDEMOSAR'CA.  CEdematosar'ea.  A  species 
of  tumour  mentioned  by  M.  A.  Severinus,  which 
holds  a  middle  place  between  oedema  and  sarcoma. 

(EDEMOSCHEOCELE,  (Edematoscheocele. 

CEIL,  I've — ■>,■.  de  Bosuf,  Anthemis  tinotoria — 
<>>.  Double,  Binoculus — 03.  de  Liivre,  Lagophthal- 
mus — '#'.  Simple,  see  BConoculus. 

CEILLET  G I U0 FLEE,  Dianthus  caryophyl- 
lus. 

CEILLTERE,  Bcaphium  oeulare. 

(ENAN'THS,  <E.  croca'ta  sen  charophyl'U 
fo'liie,  Hemlock  droptoort,  Hemlock  water-drop- 
wort.  Nat.  <)r. 1.  UmbellifersB.  Sex.  Sytt.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia,  from  otvo<;,  'wine,'  and  arSos,  'a 
flower;'  its  (lowers  smelling  like  the  vine.  A 
violent  poison  of  the  aero-narcotic  class.  Its 
juice  has  been  recommended  in  certain  cutaneous 
diseases;  but  it  is  scarcely  ever  used.  It  is  em- 
ID  fomentations. 

<E\  wiiii:  Aqdatica,  Phellandrium  aquaticum 
— oe.  Phellandrium,  Phellandrium  aipiaticum — oe. 
Striata  rigida,  Seseli  tortuosum. 

(ENELiE'ON,  from  oivof,  'wine.'  and  iXaiov, 
'oil.'  A  mixture  of  oil  and  wine.— Galen.  Also, 
i  spirit  or  alcohol. 

(ENOG'ALA,  oivoyaXa,  from  oivoe,  'wine,'  and 
ya\n,    'milk,' — 'a   mixture    of  wine  and    milk.' 

ing  to  some,  win"  as  warm  as  new  milk. 
(ENOG'ARON,    Oarum    vino   mittum.      Wino 
mixed  with  Lrariim.  —  Ae'tins. 

CENOLA  Til:/:,  see  Vinum. 

.num. 
iLOTIF  (F.J.      A   name   given   by   If. 


(EXOIDES 


646 


OGLA 


Beral  to  a  medicine  intended  for  external  use, 
whose  excipient  is  wine. 

(EXOIDES.  Vinous. 

QSNOMA'NIA,  Oinoma'nia,  from  oivog,  'wine,' 
find  mania.  Delirium  tremens.  Properly,  wine- 
m.niia.  An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating 
liquors. 

(E'NOMEL,  (Enom'eli,  from  oivog,  'wine,'  and 
/zcXt,  'honey.'  Mel  vino' sum,  Jlnlsum  Vino' sum. 
Honey  wine.     Wine  mead.     See  Hydromel. 

(ENOPHLYGIA,  Temulentia, 

(EXOPHLYXIS,  Temulentia. 

CENOS,  Wine. 

03X0  STAG  MA,  Spir'itus  vini  rectificatus. 

(ENOTHE'RA  BIEN'NIS,  (E.  Mollis1 sima  seu 
murica'ta  sengauroi'dea,  On'agra,  Evening  Prim- 
rose, Tree  Primrose,  Primrose  tree,  Care-all, 
Scabish.  An  indigenous  plant,  common  on  the 
borders  of  fields,  and  in  natural  hedges.  Ord. 
OnagraceaB.  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia. 
Its  properties  are  mucilaginous  and  slightly 
acrid.  A  decoction  has  been  used  in  cases  of  in- 
fantile and  other  eruptions. 

(E.vothera  Gauroides,  0.  biennis  —  ce.  Muri- 
eata,  0.  biennis. 

(ESOPHAGE'AL,  (EsopTiaga'us,  (P.)  CEso- 
phagien.  Same  etymon  as  oesophagus.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  oesophagus. 

OESOPHAGEAL  Ap'eRTURE  OP  THE  Dl'APHRAGM, 
Fora'men  cesophage'um,  (F.)  Ouvertnre  oesopha- 
gienne  du  diaphragme.  An  opening  in  the  dia- 
phragm for  the  passage  of  the  oesophagus. 

(Esophageal  Aperture  op  the  Stomach.  A 
name  given  to  the  superior  or  cardiac  orifice  of 
the  stomach,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  inferior  or 
jjyloric.     See  Cardia. 

(Esophageal  Muscle,  (Esophaga'us.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  transverse 
muscular  fibres  which  surround  the  oesophagus 
at  its  upper  extremity. 

(Esophageal  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

CBSOPHAGEURYS'MA,  (Esoph'agus  succen- 
turia'tus,  from  oio-o&ayog,  'the  oesophagus,'  and 
svpva/ia,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGIALGIA,  OEsophagismus. 

(ESOPHAGIARCTIA,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

CESOPHAGIEX,  (muscle),  Constrictor  oeso- 
phagi. 

CESOPHAGIS'MUS,  (Esopluigis'mum.  A  name 
given  by  Vogel  to  spasm  of  the  oesophagus,  Dys- 
pha'gia  Spnsmod'ica  seu  Spas'tica  seu  Xervo'sa, 
Strietu'ra  opsoph'agi  spasmod'ica,  (EsophcujiaV - 
gia,*(Esophagospasm'u8,  Tenes'mus  Gttlce,  (F.) 
Tenesme  de  I'ossophage.  By  some  used  synony- 
mously with  oesophagitis,  dysphagia,  and  con- 
traction of  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGI'TIS,  Angi'na  seu  Cynan'che  ceso- 
phagae'a,  Dyspha'gia  inflammato'ria,  Itiflamma'- 
tio  aesoph'agi  seu  GuIcb,  (F.)  Angine  cesopha- 
gienne.     Inflammation  of  the  oesophagus. 

CESOPHAGODYX'IA,  from  oiaofayos,  'the 
oesophagus/  and  oSvvtj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

CESOPHAGOPATTII'A,  Morbus  (Esoph'agi, 
from  oiaotpayos,  '  the  oesophagus,'  and  nadog, 
'  disease.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA,  Dysphagia  paralyt- 
ica, Lcemoparaly'sis,  from  oiaoSayog,  '  the  oeso- 
phagus,' and  rrXrjyr],  'a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(ESOP[IAGORRHAG"IA,from  oiooQayog,  'the 
oesophagus,"  and  payrj,  'a  rupture.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  oesophagus. 

CESOPHAGORRIICE'A,  from  oi^ayog,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  pen),  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of 
blood  or  mucus  from  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS,  from  oico<payog,  'the 


oesophagus,'  and  o--a<x[iog,  'spasm.'  Spasm  of  the 
oesophagus. 

CESOPHAGOT'OMY,    (Esophagotom'ia,   from 

oiaotyuyog,  '  the  oesophagus,'  and  rc/iveiv,  '  to  cut.' 
An  incision  made  into  the  oesophagus  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  foreign  bodies  from  it. 

CESOPH'AGUS,  from  o<w,  'future'  otcu,  'I 
carry,'  and  </>ayw,  '  I  eat:'  Gula,  Fis'jula  ciba'lis, 
Fis'tula  seu  In/uudib'ulum  Ventric'uli,  Via  stnm'- 
achi  et  ventris,  Gluttus.  The  Gullet,  (Prov.) 
Wizen.  A  musculo-membranous  canal,  cylin- 
drical, and  depressed  from  before  to  behind, 
which  extends  from  the  inferior  extremity  of  the 
pharynx  to  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.  At 
its  origin,  it  is  situate  in  the  median  line;  but 
beneath  the  larynx,  it  deviates  to  the  left,  and  in 
the  chest  experiences  different  reflections.  In 
its  cervical  portion,  it  corresponds,  behind,  with 
the  spine ;  before,  with  the  larynx  and  trachea; 
and,  at  the  sides,  it  is  close  to  the  primitive  caro- 
tids, internal  jugular  veins,  par  vagum,  recur- 
rent nerves,  Ac.  In  its  inferior  or  thoracic  por- 
tion, the  oesophagus  is  entirely  contained  in  the 
posterior  mediastinum  :  and  enters  the  abdomen 
through  the  oesophageal  aperture.  Fora'men  aso- 
phage' um,  of  the  diaphragm.  The  oesophagus 
is  composed  of  a  very  strong  muscular  layer, 
sometimes  called  Tunica  vagina' lis gulcp. ;  formed, 
itself,  of  two  sets  of  fibres,  the  external  being 
general  longitudinal,  the  internal  transverse  or 
annular.  2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane  which  is 
soft,  fine,  thin,  and  white,  especially  at  its  lower 
part.  It  is  continuous,  above,  with  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  pharynx.  The  mucous  folli- 
cles, found  beneath  it,  are  not  numerous,  and 
have  been  called  (Esophageal  glands.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  oesophagus  proceed,  in  the  neck,  from 
the  thyroid;  in  the  chest,  from  the  bronchial  ar- 
teries and  directly  from  the  aorta; — in  the  abdo- 
men, from  the  inferior  phrenic,  and  coronaria 
ventriculi.  Its  veins  empty  themselves  into  the 
inferior  thyroid,  the  vena  cava  superior,  the  in- 
ternal mammary,  azygos.  bronchial,  phrenic,  and 
coronaria  ventriculi.  Its  lymphatics  pass  into 
the  ganglia  surrounding  it.  Its  nerves  are  afforded 
by  the  pharyngeal  and  pulmonary  plexuses  ;  by 
the  cardiac  nerves;  the  thoracic  ganglia,  and, 
especially,  by  the  pneumogastrics  and  their  re- 
current branches. 

(Esophagus  Succexturiatus,  Pharvngocele. 

(ESTROMAXIA,  Nymphomania. 

(ESTRUATIOX,  Orgasm,  see  Heat. 

OESTRUM,  Clitoris. 

OEstrum  Yex'eris,  CE.  vene'reum,  CEstrun 
vene'rens  ;  from  oiarpog,  vestrtis,  'a  violent  impulse 
or  desire.'  A  vehement  desire  for  sexual  inter- 
course.. Orgasm.  With  some,  oestrum  signifies 
Clitoris. 

(ESTRUS,  Clitoris,  see  Ectozoa — ce.  Yenereus, 
CEstrum  venereum. 

CE'SYPUS,  from  oig,  'a  sheep.'  The  greasy 
matter  of  unwashed  wool;  formerly  employed  in 
friction  in  diseased  joints. 

(EUFS,  Ova. 

OFFICE,  PHYSICIAN'S  or  SURGEON'S, 
Iatrion. 

OFFICINA,  Pharmacopolium. 

OFFICINAL,  Ojfieina'lis,  from  officina,  for 
opificina,  (from  opifex  (opus  and  facio,)  'a  work- 
man,') 'a  shop.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  found 
in  the  shop  of  the  apothecary,  ready  prepared  — 
usua'lia  ;  in  opposition  to  magistral  or  extempo- 
raneous,— those  prepared  after  the  prescription  of 
the  physician. 

OFFIUM,  Anion,  Opium. 

OFFSPRING,  Epigone. 

OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OGLA,  Oogala. 


OGXOX 


0  4 


OINTMENT 


OGXOX,  a  Corn— o.  Marin,  Scilla, 
OHI'O,  MINERAL   WATERS    OF.      Yellow 
situate  in  Greene  enmity, 
6i  miles  from  Cincinnati.     It  is  somewhat  fre- 
quent 

OIDIUM  ABORTIFACIENS,  see  Ergot— o. 
is,  Aphthaphyte — o.  Scboenleini,  Bee  Por- 
: 
OIK.  Sorbus  domesti  ia. 
OIGXOX,  Allium  cepa. 
OIKEIOMANIA,  Opiomania, 
OIL,   O'leum,    El&'on,  cXaiov,  (F.)  Hnile ;  from 
\  collective  name,  under  which 
■  f  fluids  arc  included,  very  different 
bom  each  other:  those  belonging  to  the  one 

id,  mawkish  <>r  almost  insipid;  those  of 
the  other  are  nearly  devoid  of  viscidity,  and  are  j 

,u  1  very  volatile.  The  former  are  called 
fat  or  fixed  oil* y  the  latter  volatile  or  essential 
oil*  or  >  n*ence8. 

Oil,  Bee  Ricinua  communis. 
Oil  ok  Almonds,  Oleum  amy gdal arum  —  o.  of 
uii  amygdala  amarse — o.  of 
Amher,  rectified,  see  Succinum  —  o.  of  Anda,  see 
Aula — o.  Animal,  Oleum  animale  —  o.  Animal, 
of  Dippel,  Oleum  animale  Dippelii —  0.  of  Bay, 
Daphnelaeon —  o.  of  Bays,  Oleum  laurinum — o. 
and  Beeswax,  Unguentura  ceraa — o.  of  Ben,  see 
Guilandina  moringa — o.  of  Benjamin  or  Benzoin, 
Oleum  henzoini — o.  Benne,  see  Sesamum  orien- 
tal—  o.  ofBergamot,  Bee  Bergamot. 

Oil,  British.  An  empirical  preparation  often 
a  of  sprains.  A  committee  of  the  | 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  recommended 
the  following  form  for  its  preparation. —  01.  Tt  re- 
lintlt..  UL  Lini  unitatie.  aa  f.^iij-  01.  Succiui., 
01.  Juniper,  aa  f^iv,  Petrol.  Barbadeng.  f^iij, 
petrol.  American.  (Seneca  Oil,)  f§j.     M. 

Oil  OP  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao  —  o.  of  Cade, 
see  Juniperus  Oxycedrus — o.  Carron,  Linimentuni 
calcis — o.  of  the  Cashew  nut,  see  Anacar- 
dium  occidentale  —  o.  Castor,  see  Ricinus  com-  i 
munis  —  o.  of  Chabert,  Oleum  animale  empyreu-  i 
maticum  Cbaberti  —  o.  of  Cinnamon,  see  Lauras 
cinnamomum — o.  of  Cloves.  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata  —  o.  Cod,  0.  ■'■  li  —  o.  Codliver,  0.  ' 

.'  -  aselli — o.  of  Copaiba,  Oleum  Copaiba? — o.  ! 

Cornspirit,  Oil.  fusel  —  o.  of  Cuhebs,  see  Piper 
t  —  o.  of  Cypress,  Cyprinum  oleum  —  o.  of 
Dill,  see  Anethum  graveolens — o.  Dippel's,  Oleum 
animale  Dippelii — o.  of  K_rur.  Bee  Ovum — o.  Ethe- 
''  '11111  iEthereum — o.  Flaxseed,  see  Linuin 
i-.-imum. 
Oil,  Fosrl,  Al'cohol  amyl'icum  (Ph.  T).),  Fon- 
M  oil,  Pota'to  oil,  Grain   nil,  Gormpirit  oil,  /'<>. 
ta'tn  tpirit  oil,  Oil  of  potatnen,  Amyl'ie  al'cohol, 
\ted oxide  of  amyle,  (  (G.)  Fusel,  nn* epithet 
•  r  brandy.)     An  acrid  volatile  oil,  formed 
in  the  manufacture  of  potato  brandy,  and  which 
easily  separable  from   it.      Its  chemical 
ition  is  analogous  to  that  of  alcohol.     It 
exhales    a    powerful    and    peculiarly   suffocating 
odour.     S.  g.  -81 S.     In   small  doses  it  is  highly 
stimulating, —  acting  like  narcotics  in  general.    In 
I   ses  it  destroys  the  mucous  membrane  of 
nach.     It  is  used  by  the   Dublin  College 
iration  of  Sodae  Valeriana-. 
Oil,  Grain,  Oil,  fusel. 

Oil,  Haerlem.    An  empirical  preparation  rap- 

sist  chiefly  of  petroleum,  turpentine, 

and  balsam  of  sulphur.     Used  internally  in  renal 

and  rheumatic  affections. 

Oil,  Krumrolz,  see  Pinus  mughos  —  o.  of  Le- 

Citrus  medica  —  o.  Lily,  see   Lilinm 

;  nn  —  o.  of  Mace,  expr  ■--  ■  1.  Bee  Myristica 

—  o.  of  Mastich,  sec   Pistacin   Lentiscus —  o.  of 

Oleum   e   mucilaginibus  —  o.    Neats- 

foot,  Oleum   bubulum  —  o.  of  Nioodemus,  Nioo- 


demi  oleum — o.  Xut,  Juglans  cinerea — o.  of  Xut- 
e  Myristica  mosobata  —  o.  Olive,  Oleum 
olive— o.  Palm,  see  Cocos  butyraoea — <>.  Paper, 
Pyrothonide — o.  Parsley,  Apiol — o.  Pennyroyal, 
see  Hedeoma  pulegioides — o.  of  Pike,  Oleum  lucii 
piscis— o.  of  Potatoes,  Oil,  fusel— o.  Potato.  Oil. 
fusel — 0.  Potato  spirit.  Oil.  fusel  —  o.  Rag,  Pyro- 
thonide— o.  Bed,  sec  Hypericum  perforatum — <>. 
Bock.  Petroleum  —  o.  of  Bosc  Geranium,  Oleum 
gram  in  is  Indici — o.  of  Roses,  see  Ross  eentifolia 
— o.  of  Rue.  Peganelseon,  see  Rata — o.  Bkateliver, 
see  Oleum  Jeooris  aselli — o.  of  Spike,  Oleum  tere- 
binthinse  —  o.  of  St  John's  Wort,  see  Hypericum 
perforatum  —  o.  Salad,  oleum  olivae — o.  of  Scor- 
pion, see  Scorpion  —  o.  Seneca.  Petroleum,  New- 
York —  0.  of  Spike,  see  Lavandula  spica — o.  of 
Spikenard.  Oleum  graminis  Indici  —  o.  Sulphu- 
retted. Balsamum  Bulphuris  simplex — o.  of  Tar- 
tar, Liquor  potassm  Bubcarbonatis — o.  of  Tobacco, 
Oleum  tabaci  —  o.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  terebin- 
thiiKc  —  o.  of  Turpentine,  rectified,  oleum  tere- 
bintbinse  rectificatum —  o.  of  Valerian,  Oleum 
Valerianae  —  0.  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid  —  o.  of 
Wine,  Oleum  BBlhereum. 

Oils,  Anim  \l,  Olea  animalia — o.  Distilled,  Oloa 
volatilia — o.  Empyreumatio.  Olea  empyreumatica 
— 0.  Essential,  Olea  volatilia  —  o.  Ethereal,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Expressed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fatty,  Olea 
fixa — 0.  Fixed.  Olea  fixa — o.  Fugacious,  Olea  fu- 
gacia — o.  Medicinal,  Olea  medicinalia — o.  Vola- 
tile, Olea  volatilia. 

OILY,  Oleaginous — o.  Grain,  Sesamum  orient- 
ale. 
OTNOMANIA,  CEnomania. 
0IN0S  KRITHES,  Cerevisia. 
OINTMENT,  Unguentum— o.  Antimonial,  Un- 
guentum antimonii  —  o.  of  Antimony,  tartarized, 
Unguentum  antimonii. 

Ointment,  Arsen'ical,  of  Sir  Astlcy  Cooper. 
This  is  made  of  arsenious  odd  £}  ;  sulphur,  ^j  : 
aperviaceti  cerate,  ,^j.  It  is  spread  on  lint,  and 
applied  to  cancerous  sores. 

Ointment,  Basilicon,  Unguentum  rcsinoe — o. 
Bay.  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  of  Belladonna, 
Unguentum  belladonnas  —  o.  Blister,  Cerate  of 
cantharides  —  o.  Blistering,  preen.  Unguentum 
lyttie  medicatum — o.  Blistering,  milder,  Unguen- 
tum lytt» —  o.  Blistering,  yellow,  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud  —  o.  Blue,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  —  o.  Oitrine.  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis — o.  of  Cocculus  Indicus,  Unguentum  coc- 
culi — 0.  of  Creasote,  Unguentum  creasoti — 0.  Cu- 
cumber, see  Cucumis  Bativus  —  o.  Cyrillo's,  Un- 
guentum  muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati  medica- 
tum—  o.  Digestive,  simple,  Unguentum  digest)- 
vmii  simplex  —  o.  Edinburgh,  see  Unguentum 
veratri  —  o.  Elder,  Unguentum  samhuci  —  o.  of 
Elemi,  Unguentum  elemi  compositum — o.  for  the 
Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see  Ceratum  resinse —  o.  of 
Calls,  Unguentum  gallae — o.  of  (Jails,  compound, 
Unguentum  gallfc  compositum  —  o.  Garlic,  see 
Allium  —  o.  of  Geranium,  oleum  graminis  Indici 
—  o.  Gingergrass  of  Nemaur,  Oleum  graminis 
Indici — o.  Golden,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitri- 
oo-oxidi — o.  Golden,  Singleton's,  see  Singleton's 
golden  ointment  —  o.  Goulard's.  Ceratum  plumbf 
compositum — o.  Grass  of  Nemaur,  Oleum  grami- 
nis indici — o.  Gi n,  Unguentum  sarabuci  —  n. 

Hellebore,  white,  Unguentum  veratri — o.  ol  Hem- 
lock, Unguentum  conii — o.  of  Hydriodate  of  Potass, 
Unguentum  potassse  hydriodntis — o.  of  Iodide  of 
Lead,  Unguentum  plumbi  iodidi-— o.  of  Iodide  of 
Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  iodidi  —  o.  of 
red  Iodide  of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
iodidi  rubri  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  Sulphur.  Unguen- 
tum sulphur!*  iodidi — o.  of  Iodine.  Unguentum 
loilini  —  o.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Unguentura 
iodini  compositum  —  o.  Issue,  Dr.  Physick's,  see 
Unguentum   lyttao   medicatum   aliud  —  o.    Itch, 


OlOCALYMMA 


64  8 


OLEA   VOLATILIA 


Unguentum  sulphuris  compositum — o.  Itch,  Bai- 
ley's, see  Unguentum  sulphuratum  ad  scabiem — 
o.  Itch,  bate  man's,  see  Unguentum  sulphuratum 
alcalinum  ad  scabiem — o.  Itch,  Helmerick's,  Un- 
guentum  sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem — o. 
Itch,  Jackson's,  Unguentum  sulphuris  composi- 
tum —  o.  Lead,  compound,  Unguentum  plumbi 
compositum — o.  of  white  oxide  of  Lead,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  plumbi  albi — o.  of  Lydia,  Bacaris — o. 
Marshmallow,  Unguentum  de  althaea  —  o.  Mer- 
curial, Unguentum  hydrargyri —  o.  Mercurial, 
milder,  see  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.  Mercurial, 
strong,  see  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.  of  nitrate 
of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — o. 
of  gray  oxide  of  Mercury,  Unguentum  oxidi  hy- 
drargyri cinerei  —  o.  of  nitric  oxyd  of  Mercury, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  o.  of 
Mezereon,  Unguentum  mezerei  —  o.  of  Nitrous 
acid,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi  —  o.  of  Pitch, 
Unguentum  resinae  nigra  —  o.  of  Pitch,  black, 
Unguentum  resin ae  nigra?  —  o.  Plunkett's,  for 
cancer.  Plunkett's  ointment  —  o.  red  Precipitate, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  o.  of 
white  Precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prae- 
cipitati    albi — o.    Resin,    Ceratuin  resinae  flavae 

—  o.    Resin,    black,    Unguentum    resinae    nigrae 

—  o.  of  Rosewater,  Unguentum  aquae  rosae  — 
o.  Soldier's,  Martiatum  unguentum  —  o,  of 
Spanish  flies,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Ungu- 
entum lyttae —  o.  Spermaceti,  Unguentum  ce- 
tacei  —  o.  of  Stramonium,  Unguentum  stramonii 

—  o.  of  Subacetate  of  copper,  Unguentum  sub- 
acetatis  cupri  —  o.  of  Sugar  of  lead,  Unguentum 
plumbi  superacetatis  —  o.  Sulphur,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  —  o.  Sulphur,  compound,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  compositum — o.  Tar,  Unguentum  picis 
liquidae — o.  Tartar  emetic,  Unguentum  antimonii 
— o.  Tobacco,  Unguentum  Tabaci — o.  Tutty,  Un- 
guentum oxidi  zinci  impuri — o.  Verdigris,  Ungu- 
entum subacetatis  cupri  —  o.  Wax,  Unguentum 
cera? — o.  White,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi — 
o.  Zinc,  Unguentum  zinci — o.  of  impure  oxide  of 
Zinc,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

OIOCALYM'MA,  Oiocalyp'trum ;  from  wiov, 
wov,  'egg,'  and  kuXvuteiv,  'to  cover;'  Membra' no. 
O'vuli  cortica'lis.  The  membrane  of  the  egg- 
shell. 

OK R A.  Hibiscus  esculentus. 

OLD  AGE,  Senectus. 

OLD  MAX,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

OLD  WIFE'S  SHIRT,  Liriodendron. 

OLEA  AXIMA'LIA,  Animal  oils,  (F.)  Hniles 
animates.  A  name  given  to  fixed  oils  holding  in 
solution  the  mucilaginous  and  gelatinous  princi- 
ples of  certain  animals,  as  the  Oil  of  frogs,  Oil 
<>f  scorpions,  Oil  of  spiders,  &c.  Sometimes, 
also,  the  term  animal  oils  is  given  to  empyreu- 
matic  oils,  produced  during  the  decomposition  of 
animal  substances  by  heat. 

Olka  Drstillata,  0.  Volatilia. 

Olea  EMPYREUMAT'lCA,  Empyreiimat'ic  oils, 
(F. )  Hniles  empyreumatiques  ou  pyrogenees,  Py- 
rela'ines.  Oils  which  have  an  empyreumatic  or 
burnt  smell.  They  are  obtained  by  treating  vege- 
table or  animal  matters  by  heat,  in  close  vessels. 
They  do  not  exist  in  organized  bodies,  but  are 
formed  during  their  decomposition  by  fire.  The 
animal  oil  of  Dippel  is  an  empyreumatic  oil. 

Olea  Europ^e'a,  0.  sati'va  seu  lancifo'lia  seu 
polymor'pha  seu  Gal'lica,  O/i'va,  Olive  tree, 
tXaia,  Elce'a,  (F.)  Olivier ;  (Fruit)  Olive.  Nat. 
Ord.  Jasmineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia.  The  leaves  of  the  olive  are  bitter,  and  an 
extract  prepared  from  them,  and  a  substance 
called  olivi'na,  the  bitter  principle  of  the  leaves, 
have  been  given  in  Italy  as  antiperiodics.  The 
fruit,  when  pickled,  is  extremely  grateful  to  some 
stomachs.  Olives,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  are 
prepared  from  the  green,  unripe  fruit,  repeatedly 


steeped  in  water.  To  this,  some  quicklime  or 
alkaline  salt  is  added,  and,  afterwards,  they  are 
washed  and  preserved  in  a  pickle  of  common  salt 
and  water.  From  this  fruit  is  prepared  the  Olive 
oil  or  Salad  oil  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  which  ia 
obtained  by  grinding  and  pressing  the  olives, 
when  thoroughly  ripe.  The  finer  and  purer  oil 
issues  first  by  gentle  pressure,  and  the  inferior 
sort  on  heating  what  is  left,  and  pressing  it  more 
strongly.  See  Oleum  Olivae.  In  Calabria,  an 
odorous  resin  exudes  from  its  trunk,  which  is 
employed  as  a  perfume  by  the  Neapolitans. 

A  gum  flows  from  certain  wild  olives,  in  warm 
countries,  which  consists,  according  to  Pelletier, 
of  a  resin,  a  little  benzoic  acid,  and  a  peculiar 
substance,  called  Olivile.  It  is  in  yellow  masses, 
of  a  slightly  acrid  taste,  and  of  a  vanilla  smell. 
It  is  called  OlecB  gummi,  0.  resi'na,  and  0.  bals'- 
amurn,  (F.)  Gomme  olivier,  and  is  esteemed  astrin- 
gent and  detersive.  • 

Olea  Fixa  seu  Pin'guia,  Expressed,  Fixed 
or  Fatty  oils,  (F.)  Hniles  fixes  ou  grasses,  Oleols. 
All  the  oils  obtained  from  the  seeds  or  pericarps 
of  vegetables,  without  distillation,  and  which  are 
viscid,  but  slightly  odorous  and  sapid:  lighter 
than  water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  ran- 
cidity of  oils  depends  on  the  absorption  of  oxy- 
gen, and  therefore  they  should  be  kept  in  bulk 
as  much  as  possible,  and  in  narrow-necked  bot- 
tles, so  that  a  very  small  surface  only  can  be  ex- 
posed to  the  air.  All  the  fixed  oils  are  emoUient, 
and,  in  a  certain  dose,  they  act  as  purgatives  and 
emetics.  They  are  prepared  by  expressing  the 
fruit  or  seed  containing  them. 

Olea  Fuga'cia,  Fuga'cious  oils,  (F.)  Hniles 
fugaces.  A  name  given  to  oils  which  are  so  vo- 
latile that,  in  order  to  obtain  them,  recourse  must 
be  had  to  a  different  process  from  that  employed 
for  other  essential  oils.  Such  are  the  oils  of  jes- 
samine, lily,  violet,  &c. 

Olea  Gallica,  0.  Europaea — o.  Lancifolia,  0. 
Europaea. 

Olea  Medicina'lia.  3fedic"inal  oils,  (F.) 
Hniles  Medicinales,  Eleoles,  Solution  par  les 
hniles.  A  name  given  to  oils  prepared  by  mace- 
rating, infusing,  or  boiling  medicinal  substances 
in  olive  or  any  other  fixed  oils.  These  oils  may 
then  be  regarded  as  oily  solutions  of  certain 
medicinal  substances;  whence  they  can  never  be 
simple.  They  have,  however,  been  divided  into 
simple  and  compound  medicinal  oils.  To  the 
former  belong  the  Oils  of  St.  John's  wort,  of  the 
Solanum  nigrum,  &c;  to  the  other — which  have 
often  been  called  Oily  balsams,  (F.)  Ba tones  hui- 
lenx — the  Balsams  of  Fioraventi,  J/ctz,  &c.  Me- 
dicinal oils  are,  almost  always,  employed  exter- 
nally. 

Olea  Polymohpha,  0.  Europaea — o.  Sativa,  0. 
Europaea. 

Olea  VoLATIL'lA,  0.  destilla'ta,  JEthero'lea, 
Vo/'atile,  Ethe'real,  Essential,  or  Distil'led  oils, 
Es'sences,  (F.)  Hniles  volatiles  ou  essentie/les  ou 
distillees  ou  etherees,  oleolats,  oleules,  oleoles. 
Oils  found  in  aromatic  vegetables,  and  in  every 
part  of  them,  except  in  the  interior  of  the  seeds. 
The  majority  are  obtained  by  distillation ;  but 
some  by  expression.  They  possess  unctuosity, 
inflammability,  and  viscidity,  like  the  fixed  oils; 
but  the}7  are  generally  odoriferous,  pungent,  and 
acrid.  The  greater  part  are  lighter  than  water; 
but  some  are  heavier,  and  congeal  at  a  moderate 
temperature.  They  dissolve,  in  small  quantity, 
in  distilled  water,  by  simple  agitation.  Almost 
all  are  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  odour  and  taste 
are  the  usual  tests  of  their  goodness.  To  preserve 
them,  they  should  be  kept  in  a  cool  place,  in 
small  bottles,  quite  full  and  well  corked.  Vola- 
tile oils  are  possessed  of  the  aromatic  properties 
of  the  plants  whence  they  are  obtained.     They 


OLEAGINOUS 


OLEUM   C  E D  R I N C  M 


are  all,  when  applied  externally,  stimulant  and     of  hydrocyanio  acid — four  drops  having  destroyed 

out.      Pharmaceutical    preparations,    in     ad  .  a  quarter  of  a  drop  to  a  drop.     A 

which  are  dissolved  in  volatile  oil*,     drop    to    i   fluidounce   of  water   forma   a  wash, 


utioua  par  U  t  huile*  volatile;  are  termed 
I,  3fyrol4*. 

ujino'tu*,    Oleo'tut,  (F.) 
i,  •oil.'    Oily  :  containing 
oil, — .1-  'an  oleayinou*  or  oily  mixture. ' 

OLEA'MEN,     Oleamen'tum.      Same    etymon. 
Any  Bofl  ointment  prepared  of  oil. — Scribonius. 
OLE  VNDER,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 
I    11  A  N  A  II  1'  II  R  ['TIS,  from  olecranon,  , 
apduov,  'joint,'  and   itia,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  elbow  joint 

S  IRTHROC'ACE,   from   w\tKPavoV, 
'the  olecranon,'  apSpov,  'articulation,'  and  iracm, 
disease.'     Inflammation  of  the  articular 
surfaces  of  the  elbow. — Rust. 

OLE    i:  \.\  1  Ah.    I  1'.      OUcranien,      Relating 
to  the  olecranon. 
LNOID  CAVITY,  see  I'lna. 

il  \.\o\,  Olecranon,  Olecf runum,  Olec'- 

rnunii  mob'i/i  :  from  w\ti>>i,  '  the  elbow,'  and  rp«- 
vov,  '  the  bead.'     AeroWnion,  Additamen'tum  ne- 

tn'tum,  A  i Proa  a'eu*  ancom  'ut  sen  uncina'tut, 

O'lmix  sea  Voro'nn  sen  Coro'na  post'  rim-  geu  Ad- 
,'tiini  uuca'tum  Ulna,  Vertex  Cu'biti,  Pa- 
tella /(.<■'».  Rostrum  exter'nstm  sen potte'riue,  Top 
ubit.  Head  or  protection  of  the  elbow. 
A  large  process  at  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
ulna,  on  which  we  lean.  When  this  process  is 
fractured,  it  is  apt  to  be  drawn  up  by  the  triceps, 
and  much  care  is  required  to  keen  the  parts  in 
apposition. 

OLEFIANT  GAS,  CHLORIDE  OF,  see  Anaes- 
• 

IN,  see  Fat  —  o.  Codliver,  see  Oleum  je- 
coris  nselli. 

OLENE,  Ulna. 

OLEO-CER  HUM,  Cerate— o.  c.  Aqua  subac- 
tuui,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

OLEO  CEROLE,  Cerate. 

OLEO-CEROLt  RESINEUX,  Unguentum. 
a  volatilia, 

OLEOLES,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEOLS,  olea  fixa. 

OLEO-SACCHAROLe",  Elssoenccharnm. 
iS  \'"i  II  IRUM,  Elaeosaocharnm. 

OLEOSUS,  Oleaginous. 

OLER  \,  see  Lachanon. 

OLETTE,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF.      At 
Olette,  in  the  department  Pyrenees  Orien tales,  is 
a  thermal  Bpring,  which  raises  the  thermometer 
1'ahr.      It  is  the  hottest  in  France. 

0  A/'/ //.AW,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEUM,  Oil — o.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  pieea —  o. 
Absinthii,    Artemisia    absinthium,    (oil    of)  —  o. 
inn,  lluilr  acoualiqne. 

01  i  '  m  -l'i  iii:'i:i:im.  Spir'itn*  at'theri*  oleo'aua, 

■  nl  nil  i  funned  in  tin-  diitlllntion  of  <  tht  r), 
iii it,  OH  <>f  wine,  Heavy  oil  of  wine, 
oil  of  rit'iinl,  (F.)  finite  douce  de  pin.     A  pecu- 
liar oleaginous    matter,  obtained    by  continuing 
the  distillation,  after  the  whole  of*  the  sulphuric 
ether  ha-  passed  over  in  the  process  for  the  pre- 
n  of  the  hntcr.     It  is  used  only  as  an  in- 
gredienl  in  the  compound  spirit  of  ether.     It  ia 
officinal  in  the  Ph.  I'.  S. 
Olbcm   Ammoniatum,  Linimentum   ammoniss 

fortius. 

OlBDM    AMYG'DALiB    Ama'RjE,     Oil    of   Bitter 
Almond*.     An    oil.    obtained    by  distilling    with 

water  the  kernels  or  the  fruit  of  Amygdalua  com- 
munis— variety,  Amaru.     Its  action   ia  like  that 


which  has  been  used  in  Prurigo  senilis,  and  other 

tonus  of  itching. 

"ii  i  m  Amvgdala'rum,  (jlnan  amyg'dala,  Oil 
of  Almond*,  (F.)  Huile  d'amandea. 
from  l»>ili  xiri't  mill  bitter  almond*, — Amygdalu* 
communit.)  3xvj  of  almonds  yield  t^v  of  oil.  It 
roue,  insipid,  and  of  a  pale  Btraw  colour, 
and  is  employed  as  a  demulcent  and  emollient. 

Oleum  Ana<  u:i>ii.  see  Anaoardium  occiden- 
tals. 

Olbdm  AmmCij..  An'imal  oil,  (F.)  Huile  ani- 
mal'. An  oil  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of 
the  immediate  principles  of  animals,  subjected  to 

the  action  of  heat.  It  ia  fetid,  and  always  eon- 
tains  a  certain  quantity  of  subcarbonate  of  am- 
monia. See  Olea  Km py leunia t ica.  The  naino 
animal  nil  is  sometimes  also  given  to  the  tat  con- 
tained in  the  fatty  vesicles.  The  composition  of 
this  fat  does  not,  indeed,  differ  from  that  of  the 
fixed  oil. 

Olbdm  Anima'lS  Dippb'lii,  0.  eornu  eervi,  0. 
0.  ('.  rectifica'tum,  0.  pyro-anima'li  depura'tutn 
sen  anima'li  atthe'reum,  Pyro'leum  oe'eium  recti- 
fica'tum,  Animal  nil.   Animal    nil    of    IH/iprl,   (F.) 

Huile  animate  de  Dippel  on  de  come  de  < 

(ditained  by  distilling  animal  matters,  especially 
hartshorn,  on  the  naked  tire.  The  BUhcarbonate 
of  ammonia,  which  it  contains,  renders  it  partly 
soluble  in  water,  and  communicatee  to  it  the 
stimulant  properties  for  which  it  is  used  in  medi- 
cine.     It  is  employed  as  an  antispasmodic. 

Olefm  Anima'le  Empyreumat'icum  ('iiabfr'- 
ti,  O.  Empyreumnt'icnm  sen  anthelmin'ticum  seu 

(■antra    ta'niam     ('/mix ■•/•' 'ti ',     K  m  pi/  rcn  mat'  ic    oil    of 

Chabert,  Oil  of  Chabert,  (F.)  Huile  anthelmin- 
tique  de  Chabert,  is  made  by  adding  one  part  of 
animal  nil  to  three  parts  of  oil  of  turpentine^ 
leaving  them  to  combine  for  four  days,  and  then 
distilling  three  parts.  An  effective  anthelmintic. 
Dose,  a  teaspoonful  three  times  a  day. 

Oi  i  i  m  Ahimaliza'tum  per  Imi  aio'iTBM,  (F.) 
llnilr  animalieie  par  infusion,  II.  aromatiqu* 
ou  de  petit*  chien*.  A  preparation,  formerly 
esteemed  tonic  and  cephalic.  It  was  obtained 
by  boiling  new-born  puppies  in  oil.  first  depriv- 
ing them  of  their  blood,  skin,  and  intestines. 
When  the  decoction  was  cold,  origanum,  thyme, 
pennyroyal,  St.  John's  wort,  and  marjoram  were 
added. 

Oleum  Akist,  see  Pimpinclla  anisnm  —  o.  An- 
thelminticum  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  empyreu- 
maticum  Chaberti — o.  Anthemidia,  see  Anthemis 
nobilis  —  o.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o. 
Balaninum,  Guilandina  moringa  (oleum)  —  a. 
Balsami,  see  Amyria  opobalaamom. 

Oleum  Benzo'ini,  Oil  of  Benzoin  or  Benjamin. 
An    oil   obtained  by  heating,  in    a    sand  bath,  tlio 
matter  which  remains  after  benzoic  acid  h  I 
separated   from   benzoin    by    the   aid   of  heat.      It 
ha.-'  been   regarded  aS  balsamic  and  BUdorifio. 

< ii  i  i  m   hin.  win.  Bee  Bergamot. 

<»iii  m  Bi  in  i  i  M,  Nea fa-foot  ail,  (V.)  Huile 
de  pied*  dt  bauf.  It  is  obtained  by  boiling  in 
water  for  a  long  time  the  feel  of  the  beef — Hoh 
domee'tieua — previously  deprived  of  the  hoof.  It 
is  introduced  into  the  officinal  list  id'  the  Ph.  V. 
5.  a-  ;m  ingredient  Of  the  ointment  of  nitrate  of 
mercury. 

<'ii  i  m    CA<    10    SPISBATUM,    Tbitter   of  Cacao  — 

o.  Cadinum,  see  Juniperua  oxycedrua —  o.  Caju- 

puti,  Caieput  (oil)  —  o.  Campboratnm,  Linimen- 
tum campborse — <>.  Cari  sen  Carui,  Carum  (ol.  um) 
— o.  Caryophylli,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata, 

Olbdm    Ced'rwum,    Eaaentia    <!>■   cedi 
Iltiilc  de  cedrut.     The  oil  of  the  peel  of  citrons, 


OLEUM   CHABERTI 


650 


OLFACTIF 


obtained  in  Italy  in  a  particular  manner,  without 
distillation. 

Oleum  Chaberti,  0.  animale  empyreumaticum 
Chaberti — o.  Chenopodii,  see  Chenopodium  an- 
thelminticum — o.  Cicinum,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis—  o.  Cinnamomi,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum  — 
o.  Contra  Tseniam  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  em- 
pyreumaticum Chaberti. 

Oleum  Copa'ib^e,  Oil  of  Oopa'iba.  (Copaib. 
tbij  ;  Aqua,  cong.  iv.  Distil  three  gallons  ;  sepa- 
rate the  oil;  return  the  water  to  the  copaiba,  and 
again  distil  three  gallons.  Separate  the  oil,  and 
add  it  to  the  other.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  x  to 

XXX. 

Oleum  Corxu  Cervi,  0.  animale  Dippelii  —  o. 
Cubebae,  see  Piper  cubebae — o.  Euphorbia^  lathy- 
ridis,  see  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  o.  Fixum  nucum 
cocos  butyraceae,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Fceni- 
culi,  see  Anethum — o.  Gabianum,  Petroleum — o. 
Gallinae,  Alkale  —  o.  Gaultheriae,  see  Gaultheria 
— o.  Hedeornae,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioides — o.  Hy- 
perici,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  o.  Infernale, 
Jatropha  curcas  (oil). 

Oleum  Gram'ixis  Ix'dici,  Grass-oil  of  Nemaur, 
Gingergrass  oil,  called,  by  the  perfumers,  oil  of 
gera'nium,  and  oil  of  rose  geranium,  and  occa- 
sionally sold  as  oil  of  spikenard,  is  obtained  from 
Andropogon  calamus  aromaticus  of  India.  It  is 
used  as  a  perfume,  and  like  the  essential  oils  in 
general. 

Oleum  Jec'oris  Asel'li,  0.  Mor'rhneB  seu 
Jec'oris  Morrhuai  seu  Jecin'oris  Aselli,  A.run'yia 
Ga'di,  A.  Pisci'na  mari'na,  Codliver  oil,  Cod  oil, 
(F.)  Huile  de  morue  ou  de  Foie  de  morue.  The 
animal  oil,  which  appears  under  this  name  in 
commerce,  is  obtained  from  several  of  the  species 
belonging  to  the  genus  Gadus.  The  Cod,  Gadus 
mor'rhua  ;  the  Dorse  or  Dorsch,  Gadus  Calla' rias, 
Morrhna  America' 'nd ;  the  Coalfish,  Gadus  car- 
bona'rius ;  the  Burbot.  Gadus  lota,  Lata  vulga'ris; 
the  Pollock,  Gadus  polla'ch ius;  the  Ling,  Lota 
in  oiv  a  ;  the  Torsk,  Bros' mi  us  vulga'ris.  There  is 
reason  also  to  believe,  that  on  the  American 
coast  it  is  obtained,  also,  from  the  Hake,  Gadus 
vierluc'cius,  and  the  Haddock,  Gadus  aglifi'iius. 
The  clearest  sorts  are  generally  used.  An  excel- 
lent eutrophic,  in  tuberculous  and  strumous  affec- 
tions, rheumatism,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  tumours  of  the  mammae,  &c.  The  dose  for 
an  adult  is  from  f^ij  to  f ^iss. 

Cod  liver  olein,  prepared  by  subjecting  codliver 
oil  to  a  low  temperature  and  separating  the  olein 
by  pressure,  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
the  oil. 

Skate  liver  oil,  O'leum  ra'ice,  obtained  from 
Ra'ia  batis  and  R.  elava'ta,  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses. 

Oleum  Jecoris  Morrhua:,  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli — o.  Juniperi,  see  Juniperis  communis  —  o. 
Juniperi  empyreumaticum,  see  Juniperus  oxyce- 
drus  —  o.  de  Kerva,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  o. 
Kervinum,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

Oleum  Lauri'num,  0.  lauri,  Oil  of  bays. 
An  oil  obtained  from  bayberries,  and  sometimes 
used  in  sprains  and  bruises,  unattended  with  in- 
flammation. 

Oleum  Laurixum,  Daphnelaeon,  Unguentum 
X.  —  o.  Lavandula?,  see  Lavandula  —  o.  Lentisci- 
num,  Schinelaeon — o.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica 
— o.  Lini.  see  Linum  usitatissimum — o.  Lini  cum 
calce,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis. 

Oleum  Lu'cii  Piscis,  Oil  of  Pike.  From  the 
liver  of  the  Esox  lucius  an  oil  is  spontaneously 
separated,  which  is  used  in  some  countries  to  de- 
stroy specks  on  the  cornea. 

Oleum  Macidis,  see  Myristica. 

Oleum  Malabathri,  see  Malabathrum —  o. 
Mariaa,  see  Fascara  octandra —  o.  Mastichinuin, 
see  Pistacia  lentiscus — o.  Melaleucas  leucodendri, 


Caieput  (oil)  —  o.  Mentha?  piperita,  see  Mentha 
piperita  —  o.  Menthae  viridis,  Mentha  viridis —  o. 
Monardae,  Monarda  punctata  —  o.  Morrhuae,  0. 
jecoris  aselli. 

Oleum  e  Mucilagin'ibus,  Oil  of  Mn'eilageq 
(Rad.  althoBCB  rec.  tbss;  sem.lini,  sem.fopui 
aa  ^iij  ;  aqua,  Oij.  Boil  for  half  an  hour:  add 
ol.  oliv.  Oiv  ;  continue  the  boiling  till  the  water 
is  nearly  consumed,  and  pour  off  the  oil.)  Emol- 
lient. 

Oleum  Myristica:,  see  Myristica  mosehata — 
o.  Myristicae  expressum,  see  Myristica — o.  Neroli, 
see  Citrus  aurantium — o.  Nucistaf,  see  Myristica 
— o.  Nucistae  aethereuin,  see  Myristica. 

Oleum  Oli'tje,  0.  oliva'rum,  Olire  or  Salad 
oil.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  and  transparent  oil; 
obtained  by  expression  from  the  olive,  when  ripe. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient,  —  possessing  the 
qualities  of  the  fixed  oils  in  general. 

An  inferior  kind,  obtained  by  boiling  olives  in 
water,  and  skimming  the  oil  from  the  surface,  is 
also  used  in  Pharmacy.     See  Olea  Europaea. 

Oleum  Omphacinum,  Omotribes  —  o.  Origani, 
see  Origanum  —  o.  Oxydi  cupri  viride,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz — o.  de  Palmfi  Christi,  see  Ricinus 
communis  —  o.  Palmae,  see  Cocos  butyracea  —  o. 
Palmae  liquidum,  see  Ricinus  communis — o.  Pc- 
trae,  Petroleum— - o.  Petrae  album,  Naphtha — o. 
Picinum,  Brutia,  Pisselaeum  —  o.  Pimentge,  see 
Myrtus  pimenta  —  o.  Pini  purissimum,  0.  tere- 
binthinae  rectificatum  —  o.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha 
pulegium  —  o.  Pyro-animale,  0.  animale  Dippelii 
— o.  Raiaa,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  o.  Ricinn 
see  Ricinus  communis  —  o.  Rosae.  see  Rosa  cen- 
tifolia  —  o.  Rosarum,  Rhodelaeon  —  o.  Rosmarini, 
|  see  Rosmarinus — o.  Rutae,  Peganelaeon — o.  Rutae, 
see  Ruta — o.  Sabinae,  see  Juniperus  Sabina  —  o. 
Sassafras,  see  Laurus  sassafras  —  o.  Sesami,  see 
Sesamum  orientale  —  o.  Sinapis,  see  Sinapis  —  o. 
Spicas,  see  Lavandula  spica  —  o.  Spicae  vulgaris, 
0.  terebinthinae —  o.  Succini,  see  Succinum  —  o. 
Succini  rectificatum,  see  Succinum. 

Oleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum  sulph'nris 
simplex,  Sulph'urated  oil.  {Sulphur,  lot.  j|ij| 
olircp  olei,  ftj.  Heat  the  oil  in  a  large  iron  poti 
and  throw  in  the  sulphur  by  degrees  ;  stirring 
the  mixture  after  each  addition  till  they  unite.) 
It  is  stimulating,  and  was  formerly  much  used  in 
coughs,  asthma,  &c,  and,  externally,  to  foul 
ulcers. 

Oleum  Tab'aci,  Oil  of  Tobacco.  An  empy- 
reumatic  oil,  obtained  from  coarsely-powdered 
tobacco  by  heating  the  retort  to  dull  redness. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Tartari  per  Deliquium,  Liquor  po- 
tassae  subcarbonatis  —  o.  Templinum,  see  Pinus 
mughos. 

Oleum  Terebin'thixa:,  Oil  of  Turpentine. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  juice  of  pinus  palustris, 
and  other  species  of  pinus. 

Oleum  Terebin'thixa:  Rectifica'tum,  0.  pini 
puris'simum  0.  T.  pur ifica' turn  seu  terebin'thi»0 
cethe'reum,  Rectified  oil  of  turpentine,  Sp.  of  tur- 
pentine. Common  oil  of  turpentine  is  also  called 
Common  oil  of  Spike,  Oleum  spicce  rnf/a're. 
(Olei  terebinth.  Oj  :  aqua,  Oiv.  Distil  over  the 
oil.)  It  is  stimulant,  diuretic,  anthelmintic,  and 
rubefacient.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  f£j. 

Guestoiiian  Embrocation  for  rheumatism  con- 
sists of  ol.  terebinth.,  ol.  oliv.  aa  f5iss;  acid 
sulph.  dil.  f^iij. 

Oleum  Theobroma:  Cacao  Exprepsum,  Butter 
of  cacao — o.  Tiglii,  see  Croton  tiglium. 

Oleum  Valeria'x.f,,  Oil  of  Vafe'rian.  The 
distilled  oil  of  the  root  of  Valeriana  officinalis. — 
Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  four  or  five  drops. 

Oleum  Vixi,  0.  aethereum  —  o.  Vitrioli.  Sul- 
phuric acid — o.  Vitrioli  dulce,  iEther  sulphuricus. 

OLFACTIF,  Olfactory. 


OLFACTION' 


r, :» l 


OMAS D M 


OLFACTION',  Olfac'tua,  from  of/oeerc, 
I  «to  make,')  •  to 

smell  ;'  Otpkre'tia,  Otph 

nmomet'rien*, 
i„g,     !'.    Odorat.     Th 
by  which  we  perceive   the  impressions  made  on 
:  i  i'.ry  nerves  by  the  odorous  panic   -  -    - 

bended  in  the  atmosphere.     The  olfactory  nerve 

pair  has  usunlly  been  considered  th 
Lerve  of  smell;  and  it  is  probably  the  nerre   of 

■    .  s         il  sensibility  beii  - 
Kuoicated  by  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair,  dis- 
i  i  on  the  pituitary  membrane  of  th 

aii'l  sii 

OLF  VCTIVE,  Olfactory. 

OLFACTORY,  Olfactive,  Olfacti'tm*,  Olfacto'- 
>nphratt'ticu$,    Oaphrante'riut,  Ofphre'ticus, 
-  mo  etymon.     That  which    be- 
longs or  relates  t.>  the  sense  of  smell. 
('!  factory  I>i  i  .  •  try  nerves. 

Olfac'tory  Foram'ina,     F.)   Trout  olfaetif*, 
are  the  holes  in  the  cribriform  plate  of  the  eth- 
ni < > i •  1   bone,  through  which    the    olfactory  nerve 
| 
Olfactory  Lobe,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

c'tory   Nerves,   Ethmoid' al  nervet,   Par 
primiiiii     Nervo'rum    eer'ebri,    Nervi    odorato'rii, 

seu  papilla'rx 
ma  nt  il  litres  eer'ebri  ad  naret  sen  papilla' re»,  Ca- 
rmt'citlce  mamilla'rea, — the Jiret  pair  of  eneephal'ie 
This  nerve,  which  probably  arises  from 
the  medulla  oblongata,  is  observed  to  leave  the 
brain,  opposite  the  inner  part  of  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius,  by  three  roots:  which,  by  their  union, 
form  a  triangular  knot  or  expansion.  When  it 
r  -  the  ethmoid  fossa  it  expands  and  forms 

a  triangulur  ganglion,  or  grayish,  Bofl  bulb, — 
Bitll'iti  olfacta'riiu,  Olfactory  bulb,  tubercle,  or 
-which  furnishes,  from  its  inferior  surface, 
the  branches  that  have  t<>  be  distributed  to  the 
:  -     filaments  are  very  numerous  ; 

they  pass  through  the  foramina  in  the  cribriform 
I  ind  enter  the  nasal  fossae.     They  are  dis- 

hed into  thi  '-  mal,  and  middle. 

i  mer  are  distributed  over  the  mucous  mem- 
.   covering    the    outer   paries    of   th 
I  :  the  second  descend  upon  the  septum,  and 

the  third  art1  lost,  almost  immediately,  on  the 
portion  of  the  pituitary  membrane  that  lines  the 
vault  of  the  I 

v  TrBERCLE,  see  Olfactory  ner 

•action  —  o.    Acutus,    Hyperos- 

i — o.    Araissio,    Anosmia — o.    Deficiens, 

■ilia  —  o.  Depravatus,  Parosmia. 

OLIBANUM,  Bee  Juniperus  lycia  —  o.  Sylves- 

Pinus  abies — o.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  aides. 

OLIGEMIA,  Anaemia,  Heemaporia,  Hypaemia. 

OLIGIDRIA,  Ischi 

OLIGO,  from  oAjyoj.  'few,  little:'  in  composi- 

i  ■  ifieations. 
OLIGOBLEN'NIA,    from    oligo,    and   flXtvva, 
'mil'  iency  of  mucus. 

OLIGOCHOLIA,  from  oligo,  and  x°*i,  'bile.' 
Paucity  of  bile. 

OLIGOCH'YLUS,    from   oligo,   and    X">°f. 
.'  '  chyle.'    An  epithet  for  food  which  is  inn 
nutritive;   which  furnishes  little  chyle. 
OLIGOCOP'RIA,    from   oXty^.    'few, 
Kowpoi,  'excrement.'     Scantiness  ol  alvini 
•lions. 

OLIGOCYTHEMIA,  from  oligo,  kvtos.  'a 
•ell,' and  'aipa,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood 
in  «  i .•■■'■.  ity  of  red  corpuscl 

IODACRYA,    from    oligo,    and    cu*pv,   'a 
Paucity  of  lachrvmal  secretion. 
OLTGOG  aACTIA,  Agala( 
OLIGOQ  \I,I  \.  Agalaxis. 
OLIGOILEMIA,   Anaemia,   Haemaporia,   Hy- 
paemia. 


OLIGOPO'SIA,  from  oligo,  and   wtttf,  'drink.' 

Diminution  in  the  quantity  of  drink.-. 
OLIGOPSYCHIA,  Imbecility. 
OLIGOSIA'LIA,  from  oligo,  and  nmXttr, 
v;i.'     Paucity  of  saliva, 

OLIGOSPER'MIA,  from  oligo,  and  trxtppa, 
'sperm.'     Paucity  of  spermatic  secretion. 

OLIGOSPOND'YLUS,  from  oligo,  'small,'  and 
..  '  a  vertebra.'     A  uioii.-ter  with  defective 
vertebrae. — durlt. 

OLIGOTRICH'IA,  from  oligo,  and  &««&  'hair.' 
Want  of  hair.     Paucity  of  hair. 

OLIGOTROPHIA,  Par'eior  nvtrif'io,  from 
oligo,  and  rptfm,  *I  nourish.'  Deficient  nourish- 
ment. 

OLIGURE'SIA,  Oligure'trit,  Oligoure'ns,  Oli- 
goure'tia,    from  oligo,  and   ovpew,   '1   pass  urine.' 
Morbidly  diminished  urinary  secretion. 
OLISTHEMA,  Luxation.' 
OLl  v a.  <  Ilea  Buropsea. 
OLIV.fi,  Corpora  olivaria. 
OLIVAIRE,  Olive-shaped. 

Ivaire,  of  the  French  surgeons,  is  a 
cautery  whose  extremity  is  terminated   by  a  but- 
ton having  the  shape  of  an  olive. 
OLIVARIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVARY,  Olive-shaped — o.  Bodies,  Corpora 
olivaria. 

Ol'ivabt  Piioc'      s,  '-us  Oliva'r 

small  ridge,  running  transversely  between,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  roots  of  the  anterior  elinoid  pro- 
:   the  sphenoid   bone,  and  by  some  consi- 
dered as  the  fourth  elinoid  process. 

OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europasa  —  o.  Tree,  Olea 
Europaea. 

OLIVK-SIIAPED,  Oliva'rit,  Olivifor'tnis,  01'- 
ivary,  (F.)  01  ivaire.     Resembling  au  olive,     fcco 
Corpora  olivaria. 
OLIVES.  PICKLED,  Colymbades. 
OLIVIER,  Olea  Europaea — o.  de  JJohemc,  Le- 
dum palustre. 

0LIV1F0RMIS.  Olive-sbaped. 
OLIVIXA,  see  Olea  Europaea. 
OLLA    CAPITIS,  Cranium. 
OLMITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     A 
thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.     Tempera- 
ture. 1<HIC  Fahrenheit. 

<>  LOT  III.  Yt'Tl  UK,  Herpes. 
OLOPHO'NLA.  from  oAAu>,  oWvu,  'Hose,'  and 
Qwvt),  '  voice.'     Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
vocal  organ 8. — Good. 

Oloi'Hoxia   Labii  Lobata,  Harelip  —  o.  Lin- 
gua1 frsenata,  see  Ankyloglossum. 
OLSNITIUM,  Peucedanum  palustre. 
OLl  S,  Lachanon. 

OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Kentucky,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

OMA,  wpa,  in  the  termination  of  many  words, 
is  perhaps  derived  from  w^oj,  'crude,  wild,  imper- 
fect,' as  in  sarcoma,  atheroma,  Ac. 

OMA CEPH 'ALUS,  (F.)  Omacfphale,  from 
wfios,  'the  shoulder,'  and  a«0a>oy,  'devoid  of 
li  a  I.'  A  genus  of  paracephalous  monsters,  with- 
out any  neck — a  slight  depression  indicating  the 
limits  of  the  head  and  body. —  I.  0.  St.  Ililaire. 

OM'AGRA,  Hom'agra,  from   u/iof,   'the   shoul- 
der,' and  aypa,  'a  seisurc'    Goul  in  the  shoulder. 
OMAL'GIA,   from    wfivs,    'the    shoulder,'   and 
abyos,  'pain.'      Pain  in  the  shouidar. 

OMARTHRITIS,  fro,,)  .,,„,v,  'the  shoulder,' 
npb,>ov,  'a  joint,'  and  ///.«■.  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  .-boulder-joint. 

OMARTHROC'ACE,  from  w/,os,  'shoulder.' 
apBpov,  'a  joint,' and  rar«f,  'bad.'  Arthrocace  of 
the  shoulder-joint.  Caries  or  suppuration  of  tho 
shoulder-joint 

o MA'S  I'M.  Omanu,  Manypliet,  (So.)  tfoni-. 
pliee,    Munnypliee,    (F.)     Fcuillet,     Jlilltftuillet, 


OMBILIC 


65  2 


OXCOTOMY 


Livret,  Psaulier.  The  third  stomach  of  ruminant 
animals. 

OMBILIC,  Umbilicus. 

OUBILICAL,  Umbilical. 

0 M1UI AGE,  Nebula. 

OMENTA,  Meninges. 

OMENTESIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTITIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTULA,  Appendicular  pinguedinosae. 

OMENTUM,  Epiploon— o.  Colicuw,  Epiploon, 
colic  —  o.  Gastro-colicum,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic 
— o.  Gastro-splenic,  Epiploon,  gastro-splenic — o. 
Great,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic  —  o.  Hepato-gastri- 
cum,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  o.  Lesser,  Epi- 
ploon, gastro-hepatic — o.  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic—  o.  Minus,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  o. 
Qssium,  Periosteum — o.  Sac  of  the,  see  Epiploon, 
gastro-hepatic — o.  Third,  Epiploon,  colic. 

OMICHESIS,  Micturition. 

OMICHMA,  Urine. 

OMI'TIS,  from  w^os,  'the  shoulder,' and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  in  or  about 
the  shoulder-joint. 

OMMA,  Eye,  Vision. 

OMNIPIIAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

0MN1V0RE,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVOROUS,  Omniv'orus,  Omniph'agus, 
Pantoph' agus,  (F.)  Omnivore,  from  omnia,  'all/ 
and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals — Pan- 
topth' agists — which  eat  every  kind  of  food,  animal 
or  vegetable. 

OMO.  In  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  an  abridgment  of  omos  or  omus,  the  hu- 
merus. 

OMO-CLAVICULAR,  see  Coraco-clavicular. 

OMOCOTYLE,  see  Glene. 

OMO-HYOIDEUS,  Cor'aco-hyoideus,  Hyoidis 
Quart H8  JIus'culus,  (F.)  Scapulo-hyo'idien,  Omo- 
hyoid ien,  Omoplat-hyo'idien.  This  muscle  is  situate 
obliquely  at  the  sides  and  front  of  the  neck.  It 
is  slender,  long,  and  flat.  It  arises  from  the  su- 
perior costa  of  the  scapula,  near  the  semi-lunar 
notch,  and  from  the  ligament  that  runs  across  it, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  inferior  margin 
of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  consists  of  two 
fasciculi,  united  by  a  common  tendon,  and  is  a  true 
digastric  muscle.  It  depresses  the  os  hyoides, 
carrying  it  a  little  backwards,  and  to  one  side, 
except  when  it  acts  with  its  fellow,  when  the  bone 
is  depressed,  and  drawn  obliquely  backwards. 

OMOPHAG"IA,  Omosit'ia,  from  to/ios,  'raw,' 
and  0nyw,  'I  eat.'  Fondness  for  raw  food.  Eat- 
ing of  raw  food. 

OMOPLATE,  Scapula  — o.  Col  de  I',  Collum 
scapulae. 

OMOPLA  T-MYO'iDIEN,  Omo-hyoideus. 

OMOS,  Crude,  Humerus.         » 

OMOSITTA,  Omophagia. 

OMOTAR'ICHOS,  from  w/xos,  'the  shoulder,' 
and  rapi-^oi,  '  pickled.'  Salsamen'tum  crudum  ; 
Salted  Tunny  Fish,  in  particular.  Properly,  the 
neck  or  shoulder-piece  of  a  salted  animal.  Once 
much  recommended  against  the  bites  of  vipers, 
and  in  hydrophobia. 

OMOTES,  Crudity. 

OMOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

OMOT'RIBES,  Omphac"inum  O'leum,  from 
•ouos,  'crude,'  and  rpifiu,  '  I  bruise.'  Oil  expressed 
from  unripe  olives. 

OMPHA'CION,  on<p<iKiov,  from  ou<paKos,  'an 
unripe  grape  ;' — Succus  nvce  acer'hce.  Ompha'cium. 
The  iuiee  of  unripe  grapes.     Also,  Verjuice. 

OMPHACFTES  (VINUM).  A  name  given 
to  wine  prepared  from  the  unripe  grape.  Om- 
phaci'tis  is  the  name  of  a  small  gall.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

OMPIIACIUM.  Verjuice. 

OMPHACOM'ELI,  from   ofxtpaKog,   'an  unripe 


grape,'  and  pr'Xi,  'honey.'  A  sort  of  oxymel,  made 
of  the  juice  of  unripe  grapes  and  honey. 

OMPIIALELCO'SIS,  from  o^aXos,  'the  navel,' 
and  'eXkos,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  navel. 

OMPHALEXOCHE.  Exomphalus. 

OMPHALOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

OMPHALOCELE.  Exomphalos. 

OM'PHALO-CRA'NIODID'YMUS,  from  0/i- 
0«Xos,  'the  navel,'  icpavior,  'the  cranium,'  and 
SiSvftos,  'a  twin.'  A  double  monster,  in  which  the 
umbilical  cord  or  the  rudiment  of  one  foetus  is 
rooted  in  the  cranium  of  another. 

OMPHALOMANTI'A,  Om'phalomancy,  from 
op.<paXos,  'the  navel,'  and  fiuvrtia,  'prophecy.'  A 
species  of  divination,  practised  by  credulous  ma- 
trons, who  pretend  to  be  able  to  know  the  num- 
ber of  children  a  female  will  have,  by  the  number 
of  knots  in  the  navel-string  of  the  child. 

OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,0»»7jWo-»ie«e»- 
ter'ieus,  Om'phalo-mesara'icus ;  from  on<paXos,  'the 
navel,'  and  mcsenterium,  'the  mesentery.' 

Omphalo-Mesenteric  Vessels,  Vitel'lo-me- 
senter'ic,  Vit'elline  vessels.  Haller  gave  this  name 
to  two  very  fine  vessels,  which  spread  their  rami- 
fications on  the  parietes  of  the  umbilical  vesicle. 
There  is  an  omphalo-mesenteric  artery  and  vein. 
The  omphalo-mesenteric  artery  is  a  branch  of  the 
superior  mesenteric; — the  vein  empties  itself  into 
the  trunk,  or  into  one  of  the  branches  of  the  su- 
perior mesenteric.  Velpeau  affirms,  that  they 
inosculate  with  a  branch  of  the  second  or  third 
order  of  those  great  vessels,  with  those  in  parti- 
cular that  are  distributed  to  the  caecum,  and  he 
regards  them  to  be  the  vessels  of  nutrition  of  the 
umbilical  vesicle.  They  are  occasionally  met 
with  in  the  foetus,  at  the  full  period,  under  the 
form  of  whitish  filaments,  which  extend  from  the 
mesenteric  vessels  to  the  umbilicus. 

0  M  P  H  A  L  0  -  MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

OMPIIALONCUS,  Omphalophyma. 

OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS,  Ompha- 
lorrhexis. 

OMPHALOPHLEBITIS,  from  o^aXog,  'the 
umbilicus,'  and  phlebitis,  'inflammation  of  a  vein.' 
Inflammation  of  the  umbilical  vein. 

OMPHALOPHY'MA,  Omphalon'cus,  from  o/x- 
(pa'Xos,  'the  navel,'  and  (pvpa,  'tumour.'  A  tume- 
faction of  the  navel. 

OMPHALOPROPTOSIS,  Exoraphalus. 

OMPIIALORRHAG  "  IA,  Omphalor'rhagd 
from  ofjHpaXos,  '  the  umbilicus,'  and  priyw/tt,  '  I 
break  out.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  umbilicus,  in 
the  new-born  in  particular. 

OMPHALORRHEXIS,  from  o^aXog.  'navel,' 
and  prints,  'rupture.'  Omphaloneurorrhex'is.  Rup- 
ture of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALOS,  Umbilicus. 

OMPHALOSITE,  from  oy.$a\oS,  'the  navel,' 
and  (tiros,  'nourishment.'  A  monster  that  pos- 
sesses an  imperfect  kind  of  life,  which  ceases 
when  the  umbilical  cord  is  divided. 

OMPHALOTOMY,  Omphalotom'ia,  from  on- 
(paXos,  'the  umbilicus,' and  rtfivw,  'I  cut.'  The 
division  of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALUS,  Umbilicus. 

OMUS,  Crude,  Humerus. 

ONAGRA,  Oenothera  biennis. 

ONANIA,  Masturbation. 

ONANISM,  Masturbation. 

ON-COME.  A  Scotch  term,  according  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  for  "mysterious  diseases,  which 
baffle  the  regular  physician." 

ONCOS,  Tumour. 

ONCO'SES,  from  oyKog,  'a  tumour.'  Tumours, 
as  diseases. 

ONCOSIS,  Intumescence. 

ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotom'ia,  OnJcotomy,  from 
oyKos,  'a  tumour/  and  ro^n,  'incision.'  The  open- 


0XCT10X 


r,  5  3 


OPACITY 


ing  of  an  abscess  with  a  cutting  instrument,  or 
ision  of  a  turn  oar. 
ION,  Inunction. 
0N<  !US,  Swelling,  Tumour. 
OXDULA  TIOX,  Fluctuation. 
ONEBERRY,  Paris. 

[RO<  RIT'ICUS,  Oneiroe'ritet,  from  ovn- 
»oj.  'a  dream,'  and  ^io-ij.  'judgment.'  One  who 
judges  a<  cording  to  dreams. 

(>  X  EI  ROD  V  N  '  I  A,  from  ovapo?,  and  oSwrj, 
Painful   dreams.     Incubus  and  Sotnnam- 
ire  "ii  irodyniae. 

rody.nia    Activa,  Paroniria,  Somnambu- 
i.  Gravans,  I  inn  l.u<. 
ONEIROD  YNIE  GRA  I'd  TIVE,  Incubus. 
ONEIROG'MUS,    Oneirog'yne,   Oneirop 
from    ovtipoi;,    'a    dream.'     A    lascivious    dream; 
pollution  :   nocturnal  pollution. 

[R0G0N0RRH03A,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 
ONEIROGONOS,  Pollution. 
OXF.iROL'OGY,    Oneirolog"ia,    from    ovctpos, 
a  dream,' and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'     The  doc- 
trine of  dreams. 

ONEIROMANTFA,  from  ovtipos,  'a  dream,' 
and  ftavreta,  'divination.'  The  art  of  divining  by 
dream< ;  or  of  interpreting  dreams. 

ONEIRON'OSUS,  from    ovetpos,  and  voaos,  'a 
$<>>i) in' a' do  morbo'na.     Morbid,  uneasy 
ing. 
1H0P0LESIS,  Oneirogmus. 
ONERA  ALVI,  Excrement. 
ONGLADE,  Paronychia. 

ONGLE,  Nail — o.  Income0,  Onychogryphosis. 
ONGLEE   (F.),    Digito'rum    stupor    d    gelu. 
Painful  numbness  at  the  extremities  of  the  fin- 
nused  bv  cold. 
LET,  Pterygion. 
ONGUENT,   Unguentum — o.  d'Althia,  Ungu- 
entutn  de  Althaea — o.  Blanc,  Ceratum  cctacei — o. 
de    Blanc    de    baler ne,    Unguentum    cetacei  —  o. 
!  .  Unguentum  plumbi  Bubcarbo- 

natis— o.  de   Ceruse,    Unguentum  plumbi  suhcar- 
-<>.  Citrin  contn  la  gale,  Unguentum  hy- 
■rargyri  nitras  —  o.  Digest  f  simple,  Unguentum 
urn  simplex  —  o.  Grin,  Unguentum  oxidi 
Pjdrargyri  cinereum — o.  de  Gui mauve,  Unguen- 
tum de  althaea  —  o.  de  Lanrier,  Unguentum  lau- 
rinum— o.  Mercuriel,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o. 
'lin,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.de  Nitrate 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis  —  o. 
j  et  de  cire,  Basilicon — o.  de  Soldat,  Mar- 
tiatum   unguentum  —  o.  de   Snreau,   Unguentum 
ptmbuci —  <>.de  Tornamira,  Unguentum  plumbi 
■bcarbonatis. 

ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa  —  o.  Sea, 
Scilla. 

ONIS'CUS,  Asel'lue,  Cu'tio,  Porcel'lio,  PorceV- 
•'culus,  diminutive  of  ovoj,   'a  small   ass.' 
9  of  insects,  Class,  Crustacea,  very  com- 
mon in  cellars  and  dark  and  moist  t 

i  A m: i.i.i.  Millep  ■' .  Millep'edcB, 

Fuhtr.    Wood-lice,   Slaters,  Hog-lice,     V .     Clopor- 
tes  ordinaire*,   had.  at   one   time,   a   place   in   the 
pharmacopoeias.    They  were  considered  stimulant 
and  diuretic,  and  useful  in  jaundice. 
ONITIS,  Origanum  dictatnnus. 
ONKOTOMY,  Oncotomy. 
ONOLOSAT,  Obolus. 

'  OMATOCLESIS,  Nomenclature 
ONOM  ^TOLOGIA,  Nomenclature. 
tfIS  ANTIQUORUM,  i 
sis   Arvkn'sis,     I'.     Bngrane  d>*  champs, 
iperties  like  the  next. 

INO'SA.    .1"  sen    Arret' ta 

Rem'ora  Ara'tri,  Ononis  antiquo'ru 
harrow,  \  F.    Arrele-baeuf,  Bugrande  fpineuse,  I'.n- 
gmnr.     Nat.  Or, I.  I  Sex.  Syst.  ]>ia- 

delphia  Deeandria.     The  root  of  this  plant  was 
ouce  used  as  a  diuretic. 


0N0P0RDON    ACANTIIIUM,    Onopor'dum 

arnii'tliiiini,     Car'dn  us      toim  utn' sit--,      A,  n  n'  t/i  inn), 

Ac'anos,  A.  spina,    Spina    alba,    Cotton    Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardon  mix  Anew,     Ord.  Composite. 

Syngenesis   Polygamia  aequalis.     The  ex- 
juice  has  been  recommended  as  a  care  for 
cancer,  applied  externally. 

ONOPORDUM  ACANTHIUM,  Onopordon 
acanthinm. 

ONTHUS,  Finns. 

ONYCHAXROPB  IAfAtroph'ia  tm'gnium,from 
owii,  owx°Sf  'a  nail.' ami  atrophia,  'want  of  nour- 
ishment.     Atrophy  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHAUX'B,  Hyp<  rtroph'ia  un'guivm,  from 
ovv!;.  oiv%os,  'a  nail,"  and  av$n,  '  increase.'  I'nu- 
sual  increase  of  the  size  and  thickness  of  tho 
nails. 

ONYCHEXALLAX'IS,  from  orv£,  ovvXoi.  'a 
nail,'  and  f£<iAA«£tj,  '  change.  A  morbid  condition 
of  the  nails. 

ONYCHIA,  Paronychia. 

ONYCHI'TIS,  from  owf,  o^u^o?, 'a  nail,' and 
'tie,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a 
nail.      See  Paronychia. 

ONYCHOCLASIS,  from  on>£,  ow%pc,  'a  nail,' 
ami  dA.jffif.  'fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  nail. 

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

ONYC  H OG R YP B  0  '  S  I S,  Onyehogrypo'eia, 
Onychogrypto'aia,  Onychoerypto'sis,  Gripho'eis, 
Grypho'sis,  Onyx'is,  from  ovv%,  ovvXos,  'a  nail,' 
and  gryposis,  'crookedness.'  Curvature  of  the 
nails  :  such  as  occurs  in  hectic  individuals.  Also, 
growing  in  of  the  nails;  Incama'tio  BeuAdunca'- 
tii>  Ben  Aretu'ra  ttn'gnium,  (F. )  Ongle  inearnS. 

ONYCHON'OSI,  Onychonu'si,  from  orv£,  ow\os, 
'a  nail,'  and  voaos,  ' a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
nails. 

ONYCHOPH'THORA,  Onyehophiho'ria,  0»y- 
coph'thora,  Onycophtho'ria,  from  ovvt;,  owyus, 
'the  nail.'  and  $3opa,  '  defeneration. '  A  degene- 
rate condition  or  destruction  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPHYMA,  from  ow$,  ovvXoi,  'the 
nail.'  and  </>'/<".  '»  tumour.'  A  painful  degene- 
ration of  the  nails,  which  become  thick,  rough, 
and  crooked.  It  occurs  as  a  symptom  of  syphi- 
lis and  of  lepra. 

ONYCHOPTO'SIS,  Piptonye'hia,  Dia-'rcsis 
Un'gvlee,  from  ovu£,  owXo$,  'a  nail.'  and  rrwois, 
•falling.'     The  falling  off  of  the  nails. 

ONYCOPHTHORA,  Onychophthora. 

ONYX,  Hook  (blunt),  Nail,  Pterygion.  Also,  a 
collection  of  purulent  matter  between  the  laminae 
of  the  cornea,  having  the  shape  of  a  nail.  I'n- 
guis  Lunula. 

ONYXIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

ONYXITIS,  Bee  Paronychia. 

OOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OODEOCELE,  see  Hernia  (foraminis  ovalis.) 

OODKS.  Aqueous  humour.  Oval. 

OOG'ALA,  O'dg'la,  Ogla,  I',d*  ex  Oris  et  Lacti. 
Milk  of  eggs,  from  toov,  'an  ciru','  and  yaXa,  •milk.' 
A  preparation  of  eggs  and  milk. 

OOGLA.  0 

OOlDES,  Aqueous  humour.  Oval. 

OOLEMMA   PELLUCIDUM,  Zona  pellucida. 

OOLO(i"IA.    Ovolog"ia,    Ovdl'ogy,    from    wov, 
'an   ovum   or  egg,'    and    \uyos,   'a  discoui 
description.'     A  description  of  the  ovum. 

OON.  Ovum. 

OONINE,  Albumen. 

OOPH'AGOUS,  Ooph'agus,  from  wor,  *  an  egg, 
■  I  eat'     Feeding  on  eggs. 

OOPHORAUXE,  Oarioparectama, 

OOPHORITIS,  Oaritis. 

OOPHORON,  ovary. 
OORITIS.  Oaritis 

OPACITY,  Opae"ifa$,  Opaktnen;  from 
opa9atet  'to  obscure.'     Quality  of  that  which  is 


OPAKE 


4 


OPHTHALMIA 


opake.     The  property  possessed  by  some  bodies  I 
of  not  allowing  the  light  to  traverse  them.     It  is  ! 
opposed  to  transparency.      Opacity  of  the  cornea  \ 
constitutes  albugo  or  leucomaj —  opacity  of  the 
crystalline  causes  cataract. 

OPAKE',  Opa'cus,  0 pa' com.  Same  etymon. 
An  epithet  given  to  bodies,  which  do  not  permit 
the  passage  of  rays  of  light.  The  opake  cornea 
is  the  sclerotica,  in  contradistinction  to  the  trans- 
parent  cornea  or  true  cornea. 

OPAKENESS,  Opacity. 

OP'ALINE.  That  which  resembles  the  opal. 
A  fluid  is  said  to  be  opaline,  when  milky,  and 
when  it  presents  an  appearance  more  or  less  like 
that  of  the  opal. 

OPEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

OPERATIO,  Action,  Operation  — o.  Chirur- 
gica,  see  Operation  —  o.  Chymica  seu  pharrna- 
ceutica,  Operation,  chymical,  &c.  —  o.  Simplex, 
Haplotomia. 

OPERA'TIOX,  Opera' tio,  from  opus,  open's. 
'work.'  The  application  of  instruments  to  the 
human  body  with  the  view  of  curing  disease. 
The  object  of  an  operation,  opera' tio  chirur'gica, 
is  generally  to  divide  or  reunite  parts,  to  extract 
extraneous  or  noxious  bodies,  and  to  replace  or- 
gans that  are  wanting,  by  different  instruments 
or  artificial  means.  The  principal  operatory  me- 
thods have  been  called  Synthesis,  Diceresis,  E.vce- 
resis,  and  Prothesis.  Frequently,  the  most  diffi- 
cult subject  connected  with  an  operation  is  to 
decide  when  it  is  absolutely  called  for  or  advisa- 
ble, and  when  improper. 

OPERATION  A  LA.UBEAU,  see  Flap. 

Operation,  Bilateral,  see  Lithotomy — o.  Ce- 
earienne.  Cesarean  section. 

Operation,  Chym'ical  or  Pharmaceutical, 
Opera' tio  chym'ica  seu  pharmaceu'tica,  is  any 
process  whose  object  is  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines; their  combinations  with  each  other,  ana- 
lysis, and  decomposition:  —  such  are,  solution, 
distillation,  sublimation,  evaporation,  digestion, 
maceration,  infusion,  decoction,  calcination.  &c. 
Some  of  these  operations  are  mechanical:  others, 
really  chymical. 

Operation,  High,  see  Lithotomy — o.  Lateral, 
see  Lithotomy — o.  Sigaultian,  Symphyseotomy. 

OP'ERATOR.  Same  etymon.  A  surgeon 
who  is  in  the  habit  of  practising  the  greater  ope- 
rations. One  who  performs  any  operation.  To 
be  a  good  operator,  the  surgeon  must  be  well  ac- 
quainted with  anatomy,  and  be  possessed  of 
strong  nerve.     See  Surgeon. 

OPER'CULUM,  Operto'rium,  Operimen'tum, 
from  operire.  'to  cover.'  A  cover  or  lid.  In 
fishes,  the.  gill  cover. 

Operculum  Asper.e  Artert.e,  Larynx — o. 
Cutis.  Epidermis  —  o.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — o. 
Laryngis,  Epiglottis — o.  Oculi,  Palpebra. 

Operculum  Papilla/rum.  A  shield  for  the 
nipple. 

OPERIMEXTUM,  Operculum  —  o.  Intestino- 
rum,  Epiploon  —  o.  Prsetensum  abdominis,  Peri- 
tonaeum. 

OPERTORIUM.  Operculum. 

OPHELIA  CHIRATA.  Gentiana  chiravta. 

OPHIASIS.  Cah-ities.  Porrigo  decalvans. 

OPHIOGLOS'SUM  VULGA'TUM,  0.  ova'tum 
seu  echinoglos'sum.  (otpig,  'a  serpent.'  and  yXuxraa, 
•a  tongue,')  Lingua  serpenta'ria.  Adder's  Tongue, 
(F.)  Langiie  de  Serpent.  Ord.  Filices.  Sex. 
S>/st.  Cryptogamia.  This  plant  was  formerly 
considered  to  be  vulnerarv. 

OPHIOPH'AGOUS,  Ophioph'agus,  from  o0i?. 
'a  serpent,'  and  <f>ayu>.  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for 
animals  which  feed  on  serpents.  Pliny  has  called 
certain  African  tribes  bv  this  name. 

OPHIORRHFZA.  0.  mnngos,  from  o<M,  'a 
serpent/  and  p«£«,  'root.'     Family,  Gentianaceoe. 


Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  name  of 
the  plant  whose  root  has  been  called  Rudi 
pen' turn,  Mnngos  Radix.  The  bitter  root  is  much 
esteemed  in  Java.  Sumatra,  &c,  for  preventing 
the  effects  that  usually  follow  the  bite  .of  the 
naja,  a  venomous  serpent;  with  which  view  it  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is,  also,  a  reputed  an- 
thelmintic. 

OPHIOXYLOX,  Ophioxylum. 

OPHIOX'YLU.M,  from  ocpis,  'a  serpent.'  and 
|vAoy,  '  wood.'  Ophioxylum  seu  Ophioxylon  ser- 
penti'num  seu  trifolia'tum,  Acawe'ria,  Lignum 
serpentum,  Ord.  Apocynacete,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  the  bites  of  serpents,  and  in  intermit- 
tents.     It  is  said  to  be  very  bitter. 

OPHIS.  Serpent. 

OPHI'TES,  from  ocpig,  'a  serpent.'  Serpenti'. 
nus,  Ser'pentine  or  Black  Por'phyry.  This  row 
was  formerly  worn  as  an  amulet,  to  cure  diseases 
of  the  head. 

OPHROSTAPHYLOX,  Bryonia  alba. 

OPHRYS,  Supercilium. 

OPHTHALMALGIA,  from  o<p$a\nos,  'the 
eye,'  and  aXyos,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  eye.  Xeu- 
ralgia  of  the  eve. 

OPIITHALMEMPASMA,  Collyrium  siecum. 

OPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthalmitis,  from  o<p$aXuoit 
'the  eye.'  Oculo'rum  inflamma' tio,  Cautna  <>j>h- 
thalmi'tis.  Ophthalmopo'nia,  Inflamma' tion  of  the 
Eye,  Ophthal'my,  (F.)  Ophthalmie,  Ophthahnitc, 
Inflammation  de  Vceil,  Catarrhe  oculaire.  Three 
great  varieties  of- ophthalmia,  independently  of 
the  acute  and  chronic  (which  conditions  occur  in 
all  inflammations,)  may  be  reckoned  : — the  Oph- 
thalmia membranarum,  0.  purulenta,  and  0.  tarsi. 
The  first  is  characterized  by  the  general  symp- 
toms of  ophthalmia; — pain  and  redness  of  the 
eye  or  its  appendages;  with  intolerance  of  light, 
and  unusual  flow  of  tears;  the  inflammation  being 
seated  chiefly  in  the  coats  of  the  eyeball.  It  is 
the  Hy  menophthal'  mia,  Ophthalmia  tarax'is  seu 
hu'mida  seu  vera  seu  chemo'sis,  Conjnnctivi'tis, 
Inflamma'tio  conjunct?  vcb,  Symphymeni'tis,  Syn\ 
desmi'tis,  Catarr'hal  ophthalmia,  Ophthalmo-cot& 
junctivi'tis,  Epiph'ora  (Galen),  Conjunctival  or 
Lach'rymOse  Ophthal' mia,  Tarax'is  (Paulus  of 
.■Egina),  Chemo'sis  (Aetius),  (F.)  Conjunct ivite, 
Inflammation  de  la  conjonctive.  In  the  second, — | 
Ophthalmia  purulen'ta  seu  pnriform'is,  BlennopM 
thai  mia,  Bleph'aroblenorrhce'a,  Opthalmoblennon 
rhcea,  Blennorrhvea  oc'uli  —  the  internal  surface 
of  the  palpebral  associates  in  the  inflammation 
of  the  eye-ball  ;  and  there  is  a  copious  secretion 
of  a  purulent  fluid.  An  epidemic  and  contagioil 
[?]  variety  of  this  is  the  ^Egyptian  Ophthalmia, 
0.  epidem'ica  seu  purulen'ta  epidem'ica  seu  con- 
tagiosa seu  catarrha'lis  bel'lica  seu  bel'lica  seu 
Asiat'ica  seu  purulenta  contagiosa,  Blennorrhce'm 
Oculi  uEgypti<ica,  Losmophthal'  mia,  Conjunctivi'- 
tis  puro-mnco'sa  contagiosa  seu  JEgyptiaca,  B\ 'e- 
pharo'tis  glandula'ris  contagiosa,  Adeni'tis  pal- 
pebra'rum  contagiosa,  Sup'purative  ophthalmia 
Epidemic  contagious  ophthal'mia —  called  Egyp- 
tian, from  its  prevalence  in  Egypt  during  the 
British  Expedition  under  Sir  Ralph  Abererombie. 
The  inflammation  is  rapid  and  destructive:  gra- 
nulations shoot  from  the  tunica  conjunctiva,  and 
occasionally  there  is  intolerable  pain,  often  suc- 
ceeded by  delirium.  In  new-born  children,  a 
species  of  purulent  ophthalmia.  0.  purulen'ta 
infan'tnm  seu  neonnto'rum,  Bfepharophthaimia 
seu  Lippitu'do  seu  Bfennorrhoe'a  Oc'uli  seu  Oph- 
thal' m>i-hlennorrho?'a  seu  Blepharo-bl  enno  J 
seu  Blepharo-pyorrhce'a  seu  Pynphthahni a, 
opht]>aJmia  nennatu' rum.  Adenosynvhitnni'l 
Ophthalmie  purifornie  des  nouveau-nes,  in  which 
the  palpebrse  are  florid  and  peculiarly  tumid,  is 
by  no  means  uncommon.  It  seems  to  be  cause! 
by  acrid  discharges  from  the  mother,  applied  to 


OPHTHALMIA TEB 


OP  II  Til  A  LM  EC 


the  eye  of  the   infant  during  its   OXtt  :   <>r  to   the 
stimulus  of  the  light,  when  the  ehild  first  opens 
form  of  purulent  ophthalmia 
oHctivite  (Piorry)    -ia  produoed  bj 
the  application  of  gonorrhoea]  matter  t"  th 
It  is  the  Ophthalmia  gonorrho'ica,  Blennorrhae'a 
unili   goHorrho'iea,    Qunorrhublepharrha  'a, 
ismctioiti*  blentutrrhag" iea  sou  goHorrho'ic 
fUMrrhoe'cU  Ophthal'mia,  (P.)  Ophthalmie  blennor- 
rkagitjue,  tfnijonctivite  blennorrhagique. 

Ophthalmia  ia  likewise  modified  by  the  oondi- 
tiou  of  the  constitution,  and  benoe  we  have  titru-  , 


I  other  inflammations  of  the 
conjunctiva. 

The  i hint  variety  —  the  Ophthalmia  Ta 
glutiho'ta,  Blepharophthal'mia,  Btepharotit 
pharoti'tis,    Blepharitis,  Blepharadeni'tis,    Psor- 
ophthafmio,   Oo'uli  palpebra' rum  scu'bies  pruri- 
■  \phthalm\a — ia  seated  chiefly  in  the 
tarsus;   the  sebaceous  orypts   secreting  .1  viscid 
and  acrid  Quid,  that  glues  and  uloeratea  it- 
ami  irritates  the  • 

The  different  forms  of  inflammation  ofth 
junotiva  are  thus  classed  by  M.  Desmarres s 


[1.  Pure  or  phlegmonous. 
2.   Pustular. 


Conjunctivitis j 


Granular  or  catarrhal. 


4.  Purulent 


Contagious, 

Non-contagious. 

Miasmatic 


Bxanthematic. 


{Of  new-born  infants. 
Gonorrhoea!. 
Egyptian. 


f  E  r\ :  ipelatous. 
j  Variolous. 
1  Morbillous. 
Scarlatinous. 


Conjunctivitis,  when  slight,  requires  little  treat- 
ment :  the  antiphlogistic  regimen — and,  particu- 
larly, avoiding  exposure  to  light, — being  all  that 
38ary.     When    more    severe,    along    with 
this,  general  and  local  blood-letting,  especially 
by  leechea   to  the  side  of  the  septum  narium, 
Bust   be   employed   BO   as    to  make  a  decided   im- 
pression on  the   system  ;  with  nauseating  doses 
of  antimony,  purgatives,  blisters  (at  some  dis- 
from  the  organ),  refrigerants ;  and  astrin- 
sording  to  oiroumstances, 
to  the  eye.     In  Purulent   Ophthalmy,  these  mea- 
sures must  be  still  more  actively  employed,  other- 
wise   disorganization   will  speedily   follow: — the 
granulations,   which    form   on    the   adnata  of  the 
Byelida   may   be   removed   with    the   scissors,  and 
re    be    touched   with    a   solution    of   alum. 
Ophthalmia    Tarsi    must  be   treated  on  general 
principles,   when    severe.     It   usually,   however. 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with 
the    occasional    use,    especially    at     night,    of    a 
slightly  stimulating  ointment,  such  as  the  ungu- 
entutn  bydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi,  considerably  re- 
with    lard.      The    ointment    prevents    the 
eyelids    from    being  glued    together    during    the 
night,  and  thus  obviates  the  irritation   caused  by 
i-ing  them. 
Ophthalmia,  ASotptian,  see  Ophthalmia — o. 
•  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Bellica,  see  Oph- 
thalmia—  o.  Biliosa,  OphthalmocboloBis — o.  Ca- 
tarrhal, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Catarrhalia  bellica, 
hthalmia — o.  Chronica,  Lippitudo — o.  Con- 
junctival,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.    Con  tag  i 

■  uia  —  o.  Epidemioa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
Glutinosa,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  G-onorrho 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Qonorrhoeal,  Bee  ophthalmia  — 
o.  llumida.  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Lachrym 
ophthalmia  —  <>.  Membranaruro,  see  Ophthalmia 
—  o.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Phlycte- 
nular, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.   Puriformis,  see  Oph- 
Purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Puru- 
.  see  Ophthalmia  — 0.  l'urulenta 
i  thai  mia  —  o.  Purulenta  infan- 
lithalmia  —  o.   Rheumatic,  Sclerotitis 
Xerophthalmia  —  o.  Suppurai 
ilraia  —  o.    Taraxis,  see    Ophthalmia — o. 
Tar-i,  see  Ophthalmia — o.   Ulcerosa,   Helcoph- 
i.  Varicose,  Cirsophthalmia  —  <>.  Vera, 
■    hthalmia. 
OPH  rHALMTATER,  Oculist 
0  P  II  T  HALMIATRI'A,    Ophthnlmiatroteeh'- 
mica,  Ophthulmotherapi'a,  (P.)  Oculittique ;  from 


\ophthalmos,  and  tarpsg,  'a  physician.'     The  art 

of  the  oculist.      Treatment  of  diseases  of  the  eve. 

OPD  T  HALMIATROTECHNICA,  Ophthal- 
miatrla. 

OPHTHAL'MIC,  Ophthal' micue,  from  oph- 
thalmoa.      That   which    relates    or    belongs    to 

the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Artery,  A.  orlitaire,  (Ch.)  arises 
from  the  internal  carotid,  and  issues  from  the 
cranium  by  the  foramen  optioum.  At  first,  it  Is 
situate  at  the  outer  and  lower  side  of  the  optic, 
nerve,  but  ascends  above  this  nerve,  and  passes 
towards  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit.  It  fur- 
nishes, in  its  course,  the  lachrymal,  centralis  re- 
tina, infra-orbitars,  ciliaries,  anterior  ciliaries, 
inferior  and  superior  musculars,  anterior  and 
posterior  ethmoidals,  and  superior  and  inferior 
palpebrals.  After  having  given  oft"  these,  it  di- 
vides into  two  branches  —  the  frontal  and  nasal, 
which  furnish  a  number  of  ramifications,  —  some 
superficial,  others  deep-seated. 

Ophthal'mig  Gang'lion,  Lentic'ular  or  CiV- 
""'.'/  ginglion,  (run;  //ion  ophthal' mi  cum  sen  semi- 
seu  cilia'ri,  Q,  orbitaire  (Ch.),  is  one  of 
the  smallest  ganglions  of  the  body,  and  formed 
by  the  5th  and  .'Id  pairs  of  encephalic  nerves.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  side  id' tin-  optic  nerve  near 
the  bottom  of  the  orbit;  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral and  flat;  its  colour  of  a  reddish 
Behind,  it  communicates  by  its  posterior  angles 
— by  means  of  nervous  filaments — with  the  nasal 
of  the  ophthalmic,  the  motor  oculi.  and 
offsets  from  the  sympathetic.  Each  of  it- 
rior  angles  furnishes  a  fasciculus  of  small  nerves. 
These  are  the  ciliary  ner\  BS. 

Ophthalmic    Nerve,    Ophthalmic    Xm-e    of 

Willis,  Orbito-frontal,  (Ch.)  is  the  smallest  and 
first  of  the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  5th 

pair.  If  proceeds  along  the  external  pari  is  uf 
ivernous  Sinus,  and  enters  the  orbit  by 
the  sphenoidal  fissure.  It  divides  into  three 
branches,  one.  external — the  lachrymal  nerve; 
another,  superior  —  frontal  nerve;  and  the  last, 
internal  —  the    nasal    nerve.      See    La.: 

Frontal.  Nasal. 

Ophthalmii  pr  Optic  Remedy,  Ophthal'micum 
sen  Op'ticum,  (F.  Topique  ophthalmiqne,  i-  a 
medicine  employed  in  ophthalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Sim  s,  see  Cavernous  Sinn.". 

Ophthalmic  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
a-  the  artery,  which  it  accompanies  in  all  its 
divisions.     It  issues  from  the  orbit  at  the  inner 


OPHTHALMICA 


65  6 


OPIATUS 


part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  discharges  its 
blood  into  the  cavernous  sinus. 

The  name  Facial  Ophthalmic  has  been  given 
to  the  branch  by  which  the  facial  vein  communi- 
cates with  the  ophthalmic. 

OPHTHALMICA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OPHTHALMICI  EXTERNI,  Motores  oculo- 
rura. 

OPHTHALMICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 

OPHTHALMIDIUM,  Microphthalmias. 

0  PH  THAL  MIE  P  UR IFORME  D  ES  NO  U- 
VEAU-NES,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Blennorrha- 
giqne,  see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALM1TE,  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMITIS.  Ophthalmia.  This  term  is 
occasionally  restricted  to  inflammation  of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  in  which,  both  the  external  and 
internal  structures  are  involved. 

OPHTHALMIUM.  Microphthalmia. 

0PHTHALM0-BLENN0RBH03A,  Ophthal 
mia(purulent) — o.b. Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia 
(purulenta  infantum). 

OPHTHALMO-CARCIXO'MA,  from  ophthal- 
mos, and  KapKivwua,  'cancer.'    Cancer  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOCELE.  Exophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS,  from  ophthalmos, 
and  %o>>7,  'bile;'  Ophthal'mia  bilio'sa.  Ophthal- 
mia from  biliary  excitement. 

OPHTHALMOCHROITES,  see  Choroidea  tu- 
nica. 

OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

OPHTHALMOCOPIA,  Copyopia, 

OPHTHALMODULI'A,  from  ophthalmus,  and 
SovXeia,  'servitude.'  Eye-service.  The  title  of  a 
book  by  Bartisch  on  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMODYNIA,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
oSvvti,  '  pain,'  especially  rheumatic  pain  of  the  eye. 
Plenck  has  given  this  name  to  neuralgia  of  the 
frontal  nerve,  in  which  the  pain  radiates  particu- 
larly towards  the  bottom  of  the  orbit.  See  Neu- 
ralgia, frontal. 

Ophthalmodynia  Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa- 
cial. 

OPHTHALMCEDE'MA,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
oiSrjfia,  'oedema.'     Oedema  of  the  conjunctiva. 

OPHTHALMOGRAPHY,  from  ophthalmos, 
and  ypaQr),  'a  description.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  gives  a  description  of  the  eye.  An  ana- 
tomical description  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOL'OGY,  Ophthalmol  of  ia,  Oph- 
thalmotol'oyy,  from  ophthalmos,  and  \oyos,  'a  dis- 
course.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
eye.  An  anatomical  treatise  on  the  eye.  A  de- 
scription of  the  eye  in  health  and  disease. 

OPHTHALMO*M'ETER,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
[isTpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  of  the  nature 
of  compasses,  invented  by  F.  Petit,  for  measuring 
the  capacity  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  cham- 
bers of  the  eye  in  anatomical  experiments. 

OPHTHALMOMYITIS,  Ophthalmomyosi'tis, 
from  ophthalmos.  ytvg,  'a  muscle,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  eve. 

OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople- 
gia. 

OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  oph- 
thalmos, <p\e\p,  'a  vein,'  and  rofin,  'incision.' 
Bleeding  from  the  vessels  of  the  conjunctiva. 

0  P  H  T  HAL  M  0  PHTHAR'SIS,  Ophthalnio- 
phthi'sis,  from  ophthalmos,  and  cpOapais,  'corrup- 
tion.'    Destruction  of  the  eyeball. 

OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS,  Ophthalmophthar- 
sis. 

OPHTHALMOPLEGIA,  Ophthalmoparal'y- 
s>8,  from  ophthalmos,  and  n\')aow,  'I  strike.' 
Paralysis  of  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOPONIA,  Ophthalmia. 


OPIITIIALMOPTO'SIS,from  ophthalmos,  and 
iTTwaig,  '  a  prolapse.'  A  word  employed  by  some 
authors  in  the  sense  of  exophthalmia;  by  utbers, 
in  that  of  bydrophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA,  from  ophthalmos, 
and  miyvv/ii,  '  I  break  forth.'  Hemorrhage  from 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.     It  is  rare. 

OPHTHALMOS,  Eve. 

OPHTHALMOSCOPE,  see  Ophthalmoseopia. 

OPHTHALMOSCO  P'lA,    Ophthalmoscopy, 

from  ophthalmos,  and  aKoirna, '  I  regard  attentively,' 
The  art  of  judging  of  the  temper,  &c,  of  a  per- 
son by  examining  his  eyes.  The  art  of  judging 
of  health  or  disease  by  inspection  of  the  eyes. 
Exploration  of  the  eyes  in  order  to  a  diagnosis. 

An  Ophthal' moscope,  ophthalmoscop'iuui,  oph- 
thalmos' 'copum,  has  been  invented,  which  by  re- 
flecting the  light  on  the  retina  enables  the  con- 
dition of  the  interior  of  the  eye  to  be  appreciated. 
To  a  form  of  the  ophthalmoscope  the  name  Auag- 
nos'takis  has  been  given,  after  a  young  Greek 
physician,  who.  it  was  thought,  invented  it. 

OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM,  (F.)  Ophthalmostat, 
from  ophthalmos,  and  araais,  'station;'  Speculum 
Oc'itli.     An  instrument  for  fixing  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA,  Ophthalmiatria. 

OPHTHALMOTOLOGY,  OnhthalmoWy. 

OPHTHALMOTOMY,  Ophthalmotomy,  from 
ophthalmos  and  rt^rw,  'I  cut.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  dissection  of  the  eye.  It 
has,  also,  been  applied  to  extirpation  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOXEROSIS,  Xerophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOX'YSIS,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
£uw,  '  I  scrape.'  A  name  given  to  the  scarifica- 
tion sometimes  practised  on  the  conjunctiva,  in 
cases  of  ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOXYS'TRUM,  Ophthalmometer, 
Ophthalmoxyste'rium,  Xy  strum  ophthal' 'micum. 
Same  etymon.  An  instrument  for  scraping  the 
eye.  Name  given  to  a  small  brush,  with  barbs 
like  an  ear  of  barley  or  rye,  intended  to  scarify 
the  eyelids  in  certain  cases  of  ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMUS,  Eye. 

OPHTHALMYMENI'TIS,  Ophthalmohymeni'- 
tis,  from  ophthalmos,  'vfinv,  'membrane,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  one  or 
more  of  the  membranes  of  the  eye. 

OP  I  ACE,  Opiate. 

OPIACUM,  Opiatum. 

OPIANE,  Narcotine. 

O'PIANIXE,  Opiani'na,  Opia'nia;  fromopiitm. 
An  alkaloid  discovered  in  opium,  which  resem- 
bles morphia  in  its  properties,  and  doses. 

OPIANUM.  Narcotine. 

OP  TAT,  Opiate  — o.  Dentifrice,  Dentifrice. 

O'PIATE,  Opia'tum,  Opia'cum,  Papavera'- 
cenm,  Meco'nicum,  (F.)  Opiat,  Opiacee,  from  omov, 
(07705.  'juice,')  'opium.'  A  medicine  containing 
opium.  A  medicine  that  procures  sleep.  An 
electuary;  —  formerly,  an  electuary  which  con- 
tained opium. 

O'PIATED,  Opia'tus.  Impregnated  with  opi- 
um.    Affected  by  opium. 

OPIA^TUM  FEBRIF'UGUM,  Electua'rium  de 
Kind  Kind;  Elec'tuary  of  Cincho'na.  (Pulv. 
cinch.  £xvijj,  amnion,  muriat.  ^j,  mellis.  syrup., 
absinth,  aa  2;ij.  Make  into  an  electuary.  Ph.  P.) 
Given,  when  cinchona  is  indicated. 

Opiatum  Mesenter'icum,  Electua'rium  de 
Al'oe,  Muria'te  Hydrar'yyri,  et  Ferro.  (Gum. 
ammon.  Jss.  senna  £vj,  hydrargyri  submuriat., 
rad.  ari.,  aloes  socotrin.  aa  gij,  pulv.  scammon. 
comp.  (vulg.  de  tribus,)  rhej.  rad.  aa  5pij,  ferri 
limatur.  porphyrisat.  ^ss.  Bruise  and  mix  to- 
gether, add  of  compound  syrup  of  apjiles  double 
the  weight  of  the  other  matters,  and  make  into 
an  electuary.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  gss  to  5pj,  in  ob- 
structions of  the  liver,  mesentery,  <tc. 

OPIATUS,  Opiated. 


OPION 


6 


OPTIC   CENTRE 


OPTOX,  Opium. 
OPIS.M  I,  So 

OPIS'THENAR,  Dorwm  stoato,  from  onaOt, 
SWek  wards,'  and  favap,  '  the  tl.it  »»t'  the  band.' 
Ibe  back  of  the  band. 

OPISTHOCEPB  ILON,  Oeeipot 
OPISTHOCR  WH'M.  0  wipot 
OPISTHOCYPHOSIS,  Cyphoma. 
OVISTROLOB'ITJM.  Op fthot'iHm,  from  •wtmSt, 
'behind.'  and  Xa/9ia»,  '  the  lobe  of  the  ear.'     Any 
agent  ■pplied  behind  the  ear. 

;  rHOTIUM.  Opistholobium. 
OPISTHOTONOS,  Raptne  poeterga'm  - 
anus    dorea'  ja'veiM, 

from  o-iacc,  'backwards/  and  rstMs,  'I  stretch.' 
tetanus,  in  which    the   body  is   bent 
backwards. 

OPH'M.  see  r.n. aver — o.  Colatom,  Extractum 
opii — <>.  Depuratnm,  Extractum  opiL 
Opium  K  iters,  Theriaki. 
Opium,  Lettocb,  see  Lactuca. 
OPOB  KliS  LMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 
OPOC  ^RPASON,  Carpasium  (juiee.) 
OPOCEPH'ALUS,  il'.i  Opotfphal*.     A  genua 
if  monsters  having  the  two  ears  approximated  or 
united  under  the  bead;  the  jaws  atrophied;  and 
no  m<>uth  or  nose.  —  I.  <I.  Si.  Hilaire. 
OPODELDOC,  Opodeldoch. 
OPODEL'DOCH,  Opodel'toch,  Opodeldoc    An 
■nmeaning   term,  frequently  used   by  Paracelsus. 
Formerly,  it  signified  a  plaster  for  all  external 
injuries ;   now,  it  is  applied  to  the  Linimentum 
mpositum. 
Opodeldoch,  Steer's.   A  liniment,  called  after 
the  inventor.     There  are  many   formulae  f<»r  its 
preparation.    The  following  is  one.    Sop.  alb.  thj. 
r.  t^ij.   ol.  roriemarini  f.^iv,  tpiritw  vim' 
rtfitificati  Oij.     See  Linimentum  Saponis  Compo- 
situm. 

OPODEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 
OPODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 
OPOIDIA  GALBANIFERA,  sec  Bubon  Oal- 
banum. 

OPOLE.  Suecus. 
OPOLIDE,  Succus. 
OPOPIOS,  Optic, 

OPOPONACUM,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 
OPOPONAX,    see    Pastinaca    opoponax  —  o. 
Chironium,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAXWORT,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 
OPO'RK  !'.  from  owupa,  'autumnal  fruits.'  A 
medicine,  composed  of  Beveral  autumnal  fruits, 
particularly  of  quinces,  pomegranates,  Ac,  and 
wine.  It  was  formerly  administered  in  dysen- 
tery, dis(  ases  of  th  •  -r   tnach,  a  •. 

OPOS,  Succus  expressua —  o.  Silphion,  Laser- 
pit  in  in. 
OPPIDULUM,  Vulva. 

OPPILATIO,  Emphraxis— o.  Tela  Cellulosse, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
OPPIL  ITIVUS,  Obstruens. 
OPPO'Nl  !  t,  from  oo,  and  ;>o- 

■  >   place.'      That  which    faces   or   is   put   in 
tion   to    something.     The  name  has   been 
given  to  two  muscles  of  the  hand. 

Miv'iMi   Dio"iti,  (P.)  Oppotani  d„ 
irpo-mftncarpien  rln  petit  doigt  (Ch.), 
du    petit    doigt.     This    muscle    has 
■  shapeand  arrangement  as  the  preceding, 
ite  in  the  hj 
nar  eminence.     [ts    fibres  are  inserted  into  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  ter- 
minate on  the  wh-.i,.  length  of  the 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone.     This    muscle    carries 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  thu<  augments  the  concavity  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand. 
42 


trsMl    Poi/licts,    Flexor  oast's  metamr'pi 
pollicie,  F.  primi   intermo'dii  Oppo- 

utiix    pollidt    liinn'lK.    Antith't  liar    sive    .*.  ///  i .  inter- 

pollieie,  (F.)  Carpo-mitaoarpien  <ln  ponce 
(Ch.),  mftaeorpie*  dn  ponce,  Oppoeant  du  Ponce* 

A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate  in  the 
Bubatanee  of  the  thenar  eminence.    It  i-  attaehed, 

on  the  one  band,  to  the  anterior  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus  and  to  the  trapezium  :  and, 
on    the   other,  to   the  whole   of  the   outer   margin 

of  the  first  metacarpal  bone.     This  muscle  im- 
-  on  the  tir>t  bone  of  the  metacarpal   a 

movement  of  rotation,  which  opposes  the  thumb 
to  the  other  fing< 

OPPOSANT,  Oppooeris  — o.  du  Petit  doigt, 
Opponena  minimi  digiti — o.  du  Ponce,  Opponens 
pollicia. 

0PPRE6SI0,  Catalepsy,  Oppression— o.  Noc- 

turna.  Incubus. 

OPPRESSION,    Oppretfmo,     Th 
thlipe'ie,  from  opprimere  [ob,  and  premere, 
•urn,) 'to  press  against.'     A  state,  in  which  the 

patient  experience-;  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the 
part  affected.  When  employed  abstractedly,  it 
means,  particularly,  Oppreeeion  of  the  cheat  — 
Oppreeeio  /'''•'ton's,  (F.)  0.  de  Poitrive. 

Oppression,  Oppree'vio  vir'ium,  (F.)  Oppve*- 
siou  des  force*,  18,  also,  used  for  that  condition, 
at  the  commencement  of  fevers,  Ac.,  in  which 
the  system  is  oppressed  rather  than  debilitated, 
and  where  the  vascular  action  rises,  as  the  ob- 
struction to  free  circulation  is  relieved  by  bleed- 
ing, purging,  <te. 

OPS,  Eye. 

OPSEONUSI,  Opsionusi. 

0PS1  ILGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

OPSIONU'SI,  Opeennu'ti,  from  o^t?,  'vision.' 
and  voi'croj,  'a  disease;'  Morbi  vinu*.  Diseases 
of  vision. 

OPSIOTOC'IA,  from  o\le,  Moo  late,'  and  tokos, 
'birth;'  Partus  eero'tinu*.  Parturition  after  the 
usual  period.     See  Pregnancy. 

0PSI8,  Pup.il.  Yu 

i  PSOMA'NIAC,  Op*om'ane«,  (F.)  Opxomnvr, 
from  oi±ov.  'aliment,'  and  navta.  One  who  loves 
some  particular  aliment  to  madness. 

OPTESIS,  Assatio. 

OPTIC  Op'tictu,  Opo'piot,  (F.)  Optir/„e,  from 
OTTopat.  'I  see.'     That  which  relates  to  vision. 

OPTIC  CENTRE,  Centrum  op'ticvm.  The 
optic  centre  of  the  crystalline  is  the  point  at 
which  the  various  rays  proceeding  from  an  object 
eross  in  their  way  to  the  retina. 

Optic  Commissure,  see  Chiasmus. 

Optic  Foramen,  Fora'men  op'ticvm,  (V.)  Tmn 
optique.  A  round  opening  in  the  sphenoid  bone, 
near  the  base  of  its  lesser  ala,  through  which  the 
optic  nerve  pasS(  9. 

Opm    <i  tifOLTA,  Qnadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Qroovb.  A  transverse  groove  on  the  su- 
perior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  on  which  the 
oommaaaure  of  the  optio  nerve  rests,  and  which  is 
continuous  on  each  side  with  the  optic  foramen. 

Optic  Lobes,  Qnadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Nsryb,  Nertou*  op'tieu*  sen  viei'vmt  seu 
vieo'riv*.  Ilnr  neewn'dum  sen  op'ticvm  sen  smo'- 
riini),  Nerve  of  the  2d  jmir.  Ocular  nerve  of 
Chaussier.  The  optie  nerves  are  remarkable- far 
their  sice;  for  their  running  a  longer  course 
within  than  without,  the  cranium;  and  for  their 
furnishing  no  branch  from  their  origin  to  their 
termination.  They  do  DOl  seem  to  arise, 
long  supposed,  from  the  optic  thalami.  but  from 
the  tubercula  qnadrigemina.  Immediately  after 
their  origin,  the  optie  trade,  Tractut  >>f,'fi,i,  pro- 

<• 1  forwards;  are.  .-it  first,  broad  and  Bat;  bur 

afterwards  become  narrower  and  round.  In  front 
of  the  fossa  pituitaria,  they  unite  and  deeuesate, 
each  nerve  proceeding  through  the  optic  luruinen 


0PTIC0-TR0CIILEI-SCLER0TIC1EN  6  6  8 


ORBITAR 


<>f  the  sphenoid  bone  with  the  ophthalmic  artery, 
and  through   the  Fora'men  op'ticum  choriv'idetB, 

t<>  form  the  retina.  The  nerve  passes  to  the  back 
purr,  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  becomes  narrower, 
and  enters  that  organ  at  a  flattened  circular  pa- 
pilla—  Collie' ultt8  seu  Papill'a  nervi  optici — to 
give  rise  to  the  nervous  expansion  called  the 
retina.  Between  the  colliculus  and  the  yellow 
spot  of  Scunnering,  a  small  projection  or  fold  of 
the  retina  passes — plica  centra'lis  ret'incp..  Besides 
its  neurilemma,  the  optic  nerve  is  surrounded  by 
a  sheath,  furnished  by  the  dura  mater.  This  ac- 
companies it  as  far  as  the  eye. 

The  optic  nerve  is  the  nerve  of  special  sensi- 
bility of  the  eye.  In  the  centre  of  the  nerve, 
there  is  a  puuetum  caecum,  mac'ula  nigra,  where 
the  central  artery  enters  the  eye,  and  the  cor- 
responding vein  passes  out.  If  a  ray  of  light 
falls  on  this  spot  it  is  not  appreciated. 

Optic  Remedy,  see  Ophthalmic  remedy — o. 
ThalamijTbalami  nervorum  opticorum — o.  Tracts, 
see  Optic  nerve.  A 

OPTICO-TRO  CHLEI-  SCLER  0  TICIEN, 
Oblique,  superior  of  the  eye. 

OPTICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 
OPTILOS,  Eve. 

OPTOM'ETER,    from    oirr0lxai,    'I    see,'    and 
utrpov,  'a  measure.'    An  instrument  for  measuring  I 
the  distance  of  distinct  vision. 

OPUNTIA,  Cactus  opuntia — o. Vulgaris,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

OR,  Gold — o.  Blanc,  Platinum — o.  Cyanure  a", 
see  Gold — o.Divise,see  Gold — o.Hydrochlorated',  I  bicular 
see  Gold — o.  lodure  d',  see  Gold  —  o.  Metallique, 
see  Gold — o.  Nitromuriate  d',  see  Gold — o.  Oxide 
d',  see  Gold  —  o.  et  de  Sodium   chlomre  d',  see 
Gold — o.  et  de  Sonde,  Hydrochlorate  d',  see  Gold 
— o.  et  de  Sonde,  Muriate  d',  see  Gold. 
ORA  SE11RATA,  see  Ciliary  (Body.) 
OR  ACHE.  SPREADING,  A  triplex  patula— o. 
Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ORAL,  Vocal,  (F.)  Oral,  from  os,  oris,  'a 
mouth.'     Relating  to  the  mouth  or  to  speech. 

ORANGE,  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Bitter,  see 
Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Flowers  of  the,  see  Citrus 
aurantium. 

Orange  Grass,  Hypericum  sarothra — o.  Root, 


the  other  to  the  lower.  Their  extremities  cross 
at  the  commissures,  and  are  confounded  with  the 
other  muscles  of  the  parts.  The  use  of  this  fleshy 
muscle  is  to  bring  the  lips  together,  and  to  close 
the  aperture  of  the  mouth,  by  making  it  repre- 
sent a  sort  of  bourrelet  with  radiated  wrinkles. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  every  other  muscle  of  the 
lips.  2.  Orbicularis  Palpebra'rum  seu  oc'uli  seu 
palpebra'rum  cilia'ria,  Palpebra'rum  duo  «)»<*'- 
culi,  Paljiebra'/is,  Conatrict'or  seu  Sphincter  ]JnK 
pebra'rurlt  seu  Oculi,  (F.)  Naao-palpibral  (Ch.), 
Maxil 'lo-paljjebral,  Palpebral,  Orbiculaire  des 
paupieres.  A  muscle  common  to  both  the  eyelids, 
and  seated  in  their  substance.  It  is  broad,  thin, 
transversely  oval,  and  cleft  in  its  great  diameter. 
It  is  attached  to  the  nasal  process  of  the  superior 
maxillary  bone;  to  the  internal  angular  process 
of  the  frontal  bone,  and  to  the  orbitar  process  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  From  these  origins 
the  muscle  passes  outwards,  under  the  skin  of  the 
eyelids,  surrounding  the  orbit  in  a  circular  man- 
ner, extending  somewhat  beyond  it,  and  covering 
the  upper  part  of  the  cheek.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  skin  of  the  eyelids,  its  upper  and  inner  edge 
being  intimately  connected  with  the  frontal  and 
corrugator  muscles.  Its  use  is  to  close  the  eye, 
by  bringing  the  eyelids  together.  The  part  of 
the  orbicularis  which  covers  the  cartilages  of  the 
eyelids,  and  which  is  remarkably  thin,  is  the 
Jfusculus  Ciliaris  of  some  authors. 

ORBICULARIS    OCULI,    Orbicularis    palpe- 
brarum, see  Orbicular  muscles  —  o.  Oris,  see  Or- 
uscles — o.  Palpebrarum,  see  Orbicular 
muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum  ciliaris,  see  Orbicular 
muscles — o.  Recti,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ORBICULUS  CILIARIS,  Ciliary  ligament, 
Ciliarv  zone. 

ORBIS  GENU,  Patella. 

ORBIT,  Or'bita,  0.  oc'uli,  Troch'ia,  Conchua 
seu  Cav'itas  seu  Fo'vea  seu  Pelvic'ula  oc'uli, 
(F.)  Orbite,  from  orbis,  'a  circle.'  The  circular 
cavities  are  so  called,  which  lodge  the  organs  of 
sight.  The  orbits  or  orbitar  fossa?  or  cavities, 
conchi.  Koy\oi,  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
face,  and  are  composed  of  seven  bones,  viz. : — 
the  frontal,  above  ;  the  palate  and  superior  maxil- 
lary, below  ;  the  sjihenoid  and  malar,  externally; 


Hydrastis   Canadensis  —  o.   Tree,   Citrus    auran-  [  and  the  ethmoid  and  lachrymal,  internally.     The 

I  orbit  is  filled  by  the  globe  of  the  eye,  with  its 
j  different  accessory  parts  —  muscles,  nerves,  ves- 
I  sels,  the  lachrymal  gland,  &c.  Its  margin  is 
termed  war  go  orbita'lis. 

ORBITA'.  Orbit  — o.  Oculi,  Orbit. 

ORBITAL,  Orbitar— o.  Fissure,  inferior,  Sphe- 
noidal fissure  —  o.  Fissure,  superior,  Maxillary 
fissure. 

OR'BITAR,  Orbita'rius,  Orbita'lis,  Or'bital, 
(F.)  Orbitaire.  Same  etymon.  Relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  orbit. 

Orbitar  Apoph'yses  or  Proc"esses  terminate 
the  two  extremities  of  the  orbitar  arch.  The  ex- 
ternal is  much  more  prominent,  and  is  articulated 
with  the  cheek-bone  ;  the  internal  is  thinner,  and 
joins  the  os  unguis. 

Orbitar  Arch,  (F.)  Arcade  orbitaire,  is  the 
projecting,  round  margin,  which  separates  the 
frontal  and  orbitar  surfaces  of  the  os  frontis.  and 
forms  a  part  of  the  circumference  of  the  orbit. 

Or'bitar  Fissures,  (F.)  F'entes  orbitaires. 
These  are  situate  in  the  orbit.  They  are  two  in 
number:  one  superior,  the  Sphenoidal;  the  other 
inferior,  the  Spheno-maxillary. 

Orbitar  Foram'ina.  Of  these  there  are  seve- 
ral : — 1.  The  Foramen  orbitarium  supe'rius,  (F.) 
Tron  orbitaire  superieur,  which  is  situate  at  the 
junction  of  the  inner  third  of  the  orbitar  areh 
with  its  two  outer  thirds,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  frontal  nerve.  2.  The  Foram'ina  orbila'ria 
inter io'ra    seu    inter' na,    Foram'ina    Ethmotdea, 


tium. 

ORANGEADE.  A  drink,  made  with  orange 
juice  diluted  with  water.  It  is  antiphlogistic, 
and  often  recommended  in  acute  diseases. 

ORANGES,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Curas- 
soa,  Aurantia  curassaventia. 

ORBES  CARTILAGINOSI  TRACHEA,  see 
Trachea.  v 

ORBICULAIRE  DES  LEVRES,  Orbicularis 
oris — o.  des  Paupieres,   Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

ORBICULAR,  Orbicularis,  (F.)  Orbiculaire, 
from  orbis,  'a  circle.'     Spherical,  circular. 

Orbicular  Bone,   Os  orbicnla're  seu  lenticu- 
la're  seu  Sylvii  seu  orbicnla're   Syl'vii,  Glob'ulns 
stap'edis  oasis,  Epiph'ysis  cruris  lonr/io'ris  in'cu- 
dis,    Ossic'ulum  orbicnla're    seu   squamo'snm  seu  j 
cochleare  seu  quartum,  is  the  smallest  of  the  four  ', 
bones  of  the  ear.    It  is  scarcely  perceptible,  round,  j 
eonvex  on  two  surfaces,  and  situate  between  the 
<1ong   ramus  of  the  incus  and  the    head  of  the 
stapes. 

Orbicular  Muscles  are  muscles  with  circular 
fibres  surrounding  some  natural  opening  of  the 
body.  1.  Orbicula'ris  seu  Constric'tor  Oris, 
Sphincter  Labio'rum,  Semi  seu  Demi-orbicula'ris, 
Supra-semi-orbieul<i'ris.  Labia'lis,  Osculato'rius, 
Basia'tor,  (F.)  Labial,  Orbiculaire  des  levres.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  lips,  and 
extending  from  one  commissure  to  the  other. 
It  is  formed  of  two  very  distinct  portions,  of  a 
eeuii-oval  shape;  one  belonging  to  the  upper  lip, 


ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLE'R  0  TICIEN      G  5  9 


ORG ANIZABLE 


These  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  inter- 
nal paries  of  the  orbit,  are  formed  by  the-  union 
„;•  two  notches  of  the  OS  frontis  with  two  similar 
the  ethmoid;  and  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  potten'or.    The  formergives  passage 
.  tbmoidal  filament  of  the  nasal  nerve  and 
oall  artery. 

:  \u  Nerve,  Nervua  orbita'lia  sen  orbita'- 
i  ntbcuta'neus  mala,  is  a  branch  given  off 
be  superior  maxillary.     It  enters  the  orbit 
gpheno-maxiUary  fissure,  and  divides  into 
two  filaments;  the  one  —  malar  —  which  passes 
over  the  cheek-bone,  is  distributed  to  the  orbicu- 
alpebrarura,  and  anastomoses  with   the  fa- 
eial   nerve;   the  other  —  temporal  —  which  passes 
to  the  temporal  fossae,  and  anastomoses  with  the 
inferior   maxillary  and  facial,   to    become    after- 
wards subcutaneous. 

Orbitar  Surface,  see  Maxillary  bone  (supe- 
rior). 

oUllITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTICIEX,  Rectus 
•xternus  oculi  —  o.  Tutus- Scliroticien,  Rectus  in- 
oculi  —  o.  Muxillo-labial,    Levator    labii 
taperioris  proprius  —  o.  Palpebral,  Levator  pal - 
euperioris — o.  Sus-palj)6bral,  Levator  pal- 
superioris. 
ORCANETTE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 
OECHALGIA,  Orchidalgia. 
ORCH  AS.  Scrotum. 

ORCIIEI'TIS,  Otchi'tis,  Oschei'tis,  Tnflamma'- 
tio  scroti,  from   opxas>  '  the    scrotum,'  and  id's, 
denoting    inflammation.      Inflammation    of   the 
•mil. 

OaCHBITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 
ORCHEOCATABASIS,  Orehidocatabasis. 
ORCHEOCELE,  Orehiocele. 
ORCHEOTOMY,  Castration. 
ORCHESTROMANIA,  Chorea. 
ORCHIDAL'GIA,  Orchal'gia,    Orchidodyn'ia, 
from  oo%is,  up^iSof,  'a  testicle,'  and  aAyos,  '  pain.' 
:  the  testicle.     Neuralgia  of  the  testicle. 
Irritable  testicle.     A  form  of  neuralgia. 

ORCHIDATROPH'IA,     Atroph'ia     tcstic'uli, 
from    op%ts,    op^-t(5oj,  'a    testicle,'    and    atrophia, 
Urophv  or  wasting  of  the  testicle. 
ORCHIDITIS.  Hernia  humoralis. 
ORCHIDOCARPUM  ARIETINUM,  see  Ca- 

paya. 
0RCIliD0CATAB'ASIS,0rc*eocora6'fl«i»,De- 
•  testiculo'rum,  from  o,)^;,  op%ibo<;,  '  the  tes- 
1  Karaffaaif,  'descent.'    The  descent  of  the 
into  the  scrotum. 
ORCHIDOCELE,  Hernia  humoralis. 
ORCHIDODYNIA.  Orchidalgia. 
ORCHIDONCUS,  Hernia  humoralis. 
ORCHIDOTOMY,  titration. 
ORCHILL,  Liejien  roccella. 
ORCHIOCE'LE,  Onheoce'le,  from  opxn,  op%i- 
■  testicle,' and  KrjXrj,  '  a  rupture.'     A   tu- 
inoiir  of   the    testicle.     Scrotal    hernia.     Hernia 
humoralis.     A  name  given  to  several  diseases  of 
icle  and  its  envelopes,  essentially  differing 
i  -li  other. 

rid  i'i.k  Scirrhoma,  Scirrhoce'U.     A  ma- 
I  iiiiuoiir  of  the  testis. 
ORCHIS.  Testicle— o.  Butterfly,  Orchis  bifolia. 
BIS  M  *»'(  ii.  \.  Sot,/,-' imi.  Test  ic' ulna  cani'- 
tiosor'chis,  Dog*'  atone*,  Male  orchis,   Bai- 
ns*,  Male   Fool*    stones,    Twinroot.       Ord. 
Orchidacese.    This  root  had  a  place  in  some  phar- 
"ii  account  of  the  glutinous,  slimy 
juice  it  contains.    The  root  of  the  Orchis  bi/o'lia 
■  r   Butterfly  orchil,   has   likewise   been   collected. 

1 ii  used  as  a  demulcent     Its  fancied 

i  »iac  virtues    seem   to   be   owing  to   its  re- 

in,Cfl  to  op^is.  'a  testicle,'  whence  its  name. 

So!, j,  is   obtained   from   this  variety  of  the   or- 

ebis;  — and   from   the  Orchis  tnorio,  Ac,      Bee 

Salop. 


Orchis,  R.k  \i>-u:a\  i:i>,  LabgB,  l'latanthera 
orbiculata. 

ORCHITE,  Hernia  humoralis. 
ORCHITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 
ORCHOI,  see  Tarsus. 

ORCHOTU.M1A,    Castration.      Also,    removal 
j   of  the  tarsi. 

ORDEAL  NIT— called  Esirt  by  the  natives 

of  Calabar— of  tlic  natural  family  LeguminOSSS, 
and  closely  resembling  a  Dolichos,  is  possessed 
of  virulent  acro-narcotio  properties. 

ORDEOLUM,  Hordeolum. 

ORDEUM,  Hordeum. 

ORDIN AIRES,  Menses. 

ORDO  MEDICINALIS,  Police,  medical. 

ORDONNANt  /'.  Formula,  Prescription. 

OREILLE  I>'.\  NE,  Symphytum— <,.<!' Homme, 
Asaruin  —  <>.  de  Souria,  Hieraciiiin  pilosella — u. 
cFOurt,  Primula  reris. 

OREILLETTE,  Asarum,  Auricle  of  the  heart. 

OREILLONS,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotidssa. 

ORELIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Allamanda. 

ORELLANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 

( tREOSELINUM,  Athamanta  aureoselinnm — 
o.  Africanum,  Bubon  galbannm  —  e.  Legitimum, 
Athamanta  aureoselinum — o.  Nigrum,  Athamanta 
aureoselinnm. 

ORENIS,  Appetite,  Pyrosis — o.  Cynodes,  Bou- 
limia. 

ORGAN,  Or'ganum,  Or'ganon.  From  tpyov, 
'work.'  'An  instrument.1  Part  of  an  organized 
being,  destined  to  exercise  some  particular  func- 
tion. Thus  —  the  eyes  are  organs  of  sight:  the 
muscles  are  organs  of  motion.  <fec.  The  collec- 
tion of  organs,  which  concur  in  any  function,  is 
called  apparatus. 

Organ.  Mentha  pulegium. 

ORG  AN  A  GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN- 
TIA.  Genital  organs  —  o.  Genitalia,  Genital  or- 
gans—  Sexualia.  Genital  organs — o.  Sudoripara, 
see  Perspiration  —  o.  Drogenitalia,  Urogenital 
organs. 

ORG  AXES  9ENITAUX,  Genital  organs. 

ORGAN'IC,  Organ'ieuB,  (P.)  Qrgcmiqme.  Re- 
lating  to  an  organ  or  organs,  and  to  beings  pos- 
sessed of  organs.  Hence,  Organic  Functions 
are  those  possessed  by  both  animals  and  vege- 
tables. It  is  also  used  synonymously  with  vital, 
in  contradistinction  to  physical. 

Organic  Chemistry,  see  Chymistry. 

Organic    Diseases  or  Lbsions  are  such  as 

concern  the  organ  itself,  in  contradistinction  to 
functional,  rat" ional,  or  dynam'ic,  which  merely 
concern  the  function.  Of  course,  organic  dis- 
eases of  a  part  are  always  more  serious  than 
functional. 

Organic  Nervous  Stbtbit,  see  Trisplanehnio 
nerve. 

OR'GANICISM,  Organic! em' us,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ.1  The  doctrine  of  the  localization  of 
disease,  or  which  refers  it  always  to  a  material 
lesion  of  an  organ.  A  modern  term,  but  not 
much  used. 

ORGANISATIO,  Organisation. 

ORG  Wis  ATI'S.  Organised. 

OR'GANISM.  Same  etymon  as  or<ran.  Tho 
living  economy.  Many  physiologists  have  need 
this  word  synonymously  \\ith  organization;  but 
more  especially  to  designate  the  aggregate  of 
vital  actions  in  organised  beings,  animal.-  as  well 
as  vegetables.  The  collection  of  parts  own- 
posing  an  organized  body,  and  the  laws  which. 
Lr"\  ern  it. 

ORGANIZABIL'ITY,    from    organisatin,   and 

habilia,  'suitable.'     Capability  of  organisation  or 

of  being  formed  into  living  tissue.     Substances 

>ed  of  >uch  capability — as  fibrin — are  said 

to  be  organizable. 

II      ORGANIZ  YULE,  see  Organizability. 


ORGANIZATION 


660 


ORPIMENT 


ORGANIZATION,  Organ  isn't  to,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ.'  The  manner  of  structure  proper  to 
different  beings.  It  is  also  employed  in  the  sense 
of  the  structure  of  a  part;  as,  the  organization 
of  the  Ji cart,  &c. 

Organization,  Compounds  op,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

OR'GANIZED,  Or'gnnis  ittstruc'tns,  Organi- 
sa'ttts,  (F.)  Organise.  That  which  is  composed 
of  organs. 

Organized  Bodies,  (F.)  Corps  organises,  are 
those  endowed  with  life;  i.  e.  animals  and  vege- 
tables :  in  contradistinction  to  inorganic  bodies, 
which  comprise  the  mineral  kingdom.  See  Corpus. 
ORGANOCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  organic. 
ORGANOG"ENY,  Orgnnogen'ia,  Organogen- 
esis, from  opyavov,  'an  organ,'  and  ytveois,  'gene- 
ration.' The  doctrine  of  the  formation  of  different 
organs. 

ORGANOGNO'SIA,  from  opyavov,  and  yvuxris, 
'knowledge/  The  knowledge  and  discrimination 
of  organized  bodies. 

ORGANOGRAPHY,     Organograph'ia,     from 
opyavov,  and  yp<i<pn,  'a  description.'    A  description 
of  the  organs  of  a  living  body. 
ORGANOLEPTIC,  Plastic. 
ORGANOLOGY,  Anatomy,  Craniology. 
ORGANON  OLFACTUS,  Nasus. 
ORGANONOM'IA,   from    onyavov,    and    vouos, 
'  a  law.'     The   doctrine   of  the  laws   of  organic 
life. 

ORGANOZOONOMIA,  Zoonomia. 
ORGANUM,  Instrument, 

ORGASM,  Orgas'mus,  Orgo'sis,  from  opyato, 
*  I  desire  ardently,'  'I  am  excited.'  QSstrua' tion . 
A  strong  impulse  or  desire  for  something.  State 
of  excitement  and  turgescenee  of  any  organ  what- 
ever. Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the 
height  of  venereal  excitemeut  in  sexual  inter- 
course. 

ORGASMUS,  Turgescenee. 
ORGAS'TICA.  Same  etymon.  The  second 
order  of  the  class  Genetica  of  Good.  Defined: 
diseases  affecting  the  orgasm  ;  organic  or  consti- 
tutional infirmity  disordering  the  power  or  the 
desire  of  procreating. 
ORGE.  Rage. 

ORGE,  Hordeum — o.  Perl 6,  see  Hordeum. 
ORGEAT,  Svrupus  amygdalae. 
ORGELET,  Hordeolum. 
ORGEOLET,  Hordeolum. 
ORGOSIS,  Orgasm. 
ORICHALCUM,  Brass. 
ORICULAR,  Auricular. 
ORICULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 
ORIFICIUM,  Mouth— o.  Dextrum  Ventriculi, 
Pylorus  —  o.  Uteri,  Os  uteri  —  o.  Uterinum,  see 
Uterus  —  o.  Vajjinale,  see  Uterus  —  o.  Ventriculi 
Sinistrum,  Cardia. 

ORIG'ANUM,  0.  vulga're  seu  heracleot'icum, 
(Optyavov,  from  opog,  'a  mountain,'  and  yavos,  'de- 
light.') Guni'la  bu'bnla,  Majora'na  mancura'na, 
Zazarhen'di  herba,  Wild  or  Common  marjoram, 
Mancura'na,  (F.)  Pied  de  lit.  Ord.  Labiatte. 
Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant 
resembles  marjoram  in  smell;  and  has  a  pungent 
taste,  much  like  thyme.  It  is  aromatic  and 
stimulant :  and  its  oil  possesses  the  properties  of 
the  essential  oils  in  general.  The  oil,  Oleum  ori- 
gani  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  very  pungent,  and  is  rarely 
given  internally.     It  is  used  in  toothache. 

Origanum  Aquaticum,  Eupatorium  cannabi- 
num — o.  Creticum,  0.  dictamnus. 

Origanum  Diotam'nus,  0.  Cret'icum,  Dictam'- 
vus  Crct'icit*,  Amar'acns  tomento'sus,  Oni'tis, 
Ditt'any  of  Crete,  (F.)  Dictamne  de  Crete.  The 
leaves  of  this  plant  were  once  recommended  as 
emmenagogue  and  alexipharmic. 


Origanum  Heracleoticum,  Origanum. 
Origanum  Majora'na,  0.  majoranoi'dea,  Ufa* 

jorana,  3f.  horten'sis,  Sweet  mar'joram,  Samp'- 
sucns,  Agriorig'auum,  Amar'acns,  (F.)  Marjo- 
laine.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant;  taste 
aromatic  and  bitterish.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  a  stomachic  and  errhine.  It  is  chiefly  used, 
however,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  as  a  snuff  in 
headache. 

Origanum  Striatum,  Teucrium  marum. 
ORIGTNAIRE  (F.),  from  origo,  originis,  'ori- 
gin.' This  term  has  been  used,  by  French  wri- 
ters, in  the  same  sense  as  congenital.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  affections  depending  upon 
faulty  conformation,  or  to  faulty  conformation 
itself. 

ORIGO,  Arche. 
ORISMOLOGY,  Terminology. 
ORLEANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 
ORME,  Appetite. 

ORME,  Ulmus— o.  Champitre,  Ulmus — o.  Pi/, 
rami  dale,  Ulmus. 
ORMEAU,  Ulmus. 

ORMSKIRK  MED'ICINE.  A  celebrated  an- 
tylissic  remedy,  supposed  to  consist  of  Pule.  Cre- 
tcB,  ,^ss;  Bol.  Armen.  ^iij  :  Alumin.gr.  x;  Pule. 
Inula.  3J  >    Ql'  A»/s/,  gtt.  vj. 

This  is  taken  for  a  dose  every  morning  for  six 
times,  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  fresh  milk. 

ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

ORNITHOG'ALUM  ALTIS'SIMUM.  (Opn- 
$oyn\ov,  a  fanciful  name,  from  opvis,  opvi$-us,  'a 
bird,'  and  ya\a,  'milk.')  A  South  African  plant, 
Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleas,  the  fleshy  bulb  of  which 
is  diuretic.  An  oxymel  is  prepared  of  it,  which 
is  given  in  catarrh,  asthma,  phthisis,  and  hydro- 
thorax.  It  resembles  squill  in  its  medical  pro- 
perties. 

Ornithogalum  Maritimum,  Scilla — o.  Squilla, 
Scilla. 

ORNITHOGLOSSA,  see  Fraxinus  excelsior. 
ORNUS  EUROP^EA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus— o. 
Mannifera,     Fraxinus    ornus  —  o.    Rotundifolia, 
Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Sylvestris,  Fraxinus  excel- 
sior. 

OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  (opo(]ayXJ,, 
from  opoffos,  'the  orobus,' and  ay^w,  'I  strangle.^ 
Epiphe'gu*  seu  Epifa'gus  America'ntts  seu  Virgu 
nia'ntts,  Virgin'ia  broom-rape,  Beech-drops,  Can- 
cer-root. Family,  Orobanchoideaa.  This  para- 
sitic plant  is  astringent,  and  a  peculiar  and  ex- 
tremely nauseous  bitter.  It  is  most  powerful 
when  fresh.  It  has  been  used  in  dysentery  :  and, 
externally,  to  obstinate  ulcers. 

Oroban'che  America'na,  and  0.  Uniflo'ra, 
have  the  same  properties,  and  are,  likewise,  called 
Cancer-root,  Earth-club,  and  Clapicort. 
OROBE.  Ervum  ervilia. 
OROBION,  see  Ervum  ervilia. 
OROBOI'DES,  from  opofas,  'the  orobus,' and 
eiSos,   'form.'      Orobo'des.     Having  the  shape  of 
the  orobus.     A  name  given  to  urine.  Urina  oro- 
bo'des seu  orobo'i'des,  when  depositing  a  substance 
of  a  fawn  colour,  like  the  meal  of  the  orobus. 
OROBUS,  Ervum  ervilia— o.  Faba,  Yicia  fabfk. 
OROXGE,  see  Agaric. 

OROPHALL'US,  from  opog.  or  oppo?,  'the 
rump,'  and  <pa\\os,  'the  male  organ.'  A  monster 
having  a  second  male  organ  originating  from  the 
rump. —  Gurlt. 

ORGS,  Cronpion,  Serum. 

OR'PIMEXT,  Anripigmen'tnm,  Orpin,  Risi- 
gal'lum,  Rissigallnm,  Cloanx,  Elome,  Sira,  Lemp- 
nias,  Spec' ul tan  cit'rinum,  Yrides,  Yride.  The 
native  yellow  sulphuret  of  arsenic.  It  is  poison- 
ous, but  less  so  than  the  oxide.  It  is.  also,  called 
Adarigo,  Adarnech,  Ahusal,  Althanacha,  Azarnet. 


ORPIN 


•■<•  1 


OS 


The  Turks  prepure  a  depilatory  with  it,  which 
tbcv  call  Ru*ma. 

PIN,   Orpiment-^o.   Brulant,  Sedum  — o. 
iin   telephiuin —  o.    Repriee,   Sedum 

tcKi'iiiuii). 

hium. 
0KRH0CUEZ1  \.  Diarrhoea,  serous. 
ORRHOCYST'IS,    from    oppot,    'serum,'    and 
.    la  bladder.'     An   encysted    tumour  con- 
•u-  fluid. 
UOHYMENITIS,  Hydrobyraenitis. 
LIIOPYG'ION.      The  inferior  extremity  of 
rtebral  column  ;  from  opos,  'extremity,' and 
rvyri,  'the  nates.'     The  ».     Also,  the 

ling  from  the  penis  to  the  anus,  and 
rotum  into  two  parts. 
IHORRIKE'A,    from    opt-oS,    'serum.'    and 
piiM>,  'I  flow.'    A  morbidly  increased  secretion  of 
-  fluid. 

-   rum. 
ORRIS,    Iris    Florentina —  o.    Common,    Iris 

ORSEILLE,  Lichen  roecella. 
\TEIL,  Digitus  pedis. 

0  LUM,    from   opdot,   'straight,'  nnd 
of  the  limb,  so  that  it  is 
kept  quite  straight. 

:  1I0D0N    IT  A.  from  op$oS,  'straight,  right,' 
i,  olovroi,  'a  tooth.'    The  part  of  dentistry 
which  i<  concerned  in  the  treatment  of  irregularity 
of  the  • 

ORTHODO'RON.  A  measure  with  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  eleven  finger-hn  adths. 

ORTHOG'N  VTHOUS,  from  opdos,  'right, 
itraight,'  and  ymfloy,  'jaw.'  Having  a  vertical 
jaw.  A  term  applied  to  the  form  of  head  in 
whi  h    the    facial    angle    approaches    the    right 

ORTHOMORPHIA,  Orthopaedia, 
ORTHOMORPIIOSIS,  Orthopajdia. 
IIONTROP1  \.  Orthopsedia. 
.  aOPJRDl'A,Orthop*'dice.Orthomor'pkia, 
'  fhontrop'ia,0rthnpe'dic8,  from 
op^oj,    'ri_'hf,'    and    vai<;,   iratSos,    'a    child.'      The 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  to  prevent  and 
nity  in  the  bodies  of  children.    Often 
r,  with   a  more  extensive  significa- 
tion, to  embrace  the  correction  nr  prevention  of 
deformities  at  all  n«  mmnt' irs,  Orthoeo- 

.  from  uiiQ<>i,  'right.'  and  a^fia,  'body,'  has 

I  a<  ;i  preferahle  term. 

I  UOPE'DIC, Orthopa'dlciin ;  sameetymon. 

_'  t'i  orthopaedia, —  as  Orthopedic  Inxtitu- 

it  it  n't  inn  nrtliopag'di'cttm  seu  nrtkopce'dinm  : 

an  institution  for  the  correction  or  prevention  of 

deformities  in  children. 

[•HOPEDICS.  Orthopaedia. 
ORTHOPE'D]  ST,     Ortho'ter,     Orthopai'dicue. 

'vnion.     One  who  practises  orthopasdia. 
ORTHOPHO'NIA,     from     apdos.    'right,'    and 
<pwvn.  'voice.'     A  good  pronunciation. 

[•HOPIIREN'IC,      Orthophrenia,,*,      from 
»pBof,  \    tf>pt}v,    'mind.'      Relating    to 

and  to  the  care  of  insanity. 
OR!  II"1>VK    \.      Snffnen'tio.      Strnngula'tio, 
r,     Pnigmnn,     Eutht/p'noi  .     I ' 

■  'a,    from    opSoj,    '  ri<,'ht,' 
o,  '  I  respire.'    Impracticability 
ithing  in  the  horizontal  posture.    Necessity 
•lire,  in  order  to  respire. 
:  \    Cardiaca,   Angina    Pectoris  —  o. 
i.  Cynanchic  t,   Cynanche 
ilis — o.    Hydrothoracica,    II y.lrothorax— o. 
Vngoni — o.  Pituitosa,  Mycorthopnoea 
— ■..  T  insiculosa,  Pertuf 
OR  rHOSOM  ITICE.  Ortho] 
ORTHOSOMA  TIQUE.  Orthopmdia. 

HOTER,  Orthopedist 
0BTHY8TER0PT0MA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 


ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

ORTIE,  Qrtica — <>.  Blanche,  Lainiuin  album — 
o.  BHMaute,  Qrtica  ureas  —  q.  Morte,  Lamium 
album — o.  Mo  ,  Galeopsis — o.  Rotnaitte, 

Qrtica  pilulifera. 

ORTTX,  Tetrao  coturnlx. 

OKI'S,  Croupiott,  Serum. 

OR  VALE,  Salvia  solarea. 

ORVIETA'NUM.  Prom  the  Italian  Orvie- 
tano.  An  electuary  regarded  as  an  invaluable 
antidote,  and  composed  of  Old  theriac,  Dried  vi- 
ortonera,  Carlina,  [mperatorium,  Angel- 
y,  JiniijK  r,  Cinnamon, 
Mace,  Honey,  and  a  crowd  of  other  substances. 
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in  Bome  re- 
spects, those  of  the  theriac.  It  was  BO  called, 
according  to  some,  because  invented  by  Orvietano, 
a  celebrated  charlatan  ;  or,  according  to  others, 
from  Orvieto,  a  town  in  Italy. 

ORY'ZA.  Optica,  Orv'aa  tati'va,  Hire,  (P.)  Riz. 
family,  Graminese.  Sex.  Sy*1.  Hexandria  Mono- 
gynia.  A  plant,  almost  aquatic,  and  indigenous 
in  China,  one  of  the  richest  production-  of  Egypt, 
and  which  prospers  in  the  wanner  regions  of  the 
four  quarters  of  the  glebe.  The  grain  in 
in  the  husk  is  called  by  the  Malays  Paddy,  Padi, 
or  Paddie j  when  deprived  of  the  husk,  Bran, 
and  when  boiled,  Nasi.  Its  amylaceous 
Ory'za,  Ory'znm,  Hordettm  galac'ticum,  nourish 
more  men  than  those  of  wheat  and  rye  together. 
-  being  alimentary,  they  are  demulcent 
and  emollient.  Gardiner's  alimentary  prepara- 
tion is  very  finely  ground  riee-meal. 

Mucilage  of  Hive,  Rice  water,  may  be  formed 
by  taking  one  ounce  of  rice,  and,  having  washed 
it,  macerating  it  for  three  hours  in  a  quart  of 
tepid  soft  water,  in  a  pan  placed  upon  a  stove; 
then  boiling  the  whole  slowly  for  another  hour, 
and  straining  through  a  sieve. 

It  may  be  sweetened  and  acidulated,  or  be 
prepared  with  milk,  like  arrow-root,  and  be  used 
as  a  demulcent. 

Riee  Jelly  is  made  by  macerating  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  clean  rtc«  in  as  much  water  as  will 
cover  it;  boiling  slowly,  adding  water  as  it  evap- 
orates, until  the  rice  is  reduced  to  a  pap,  sweet- 
ening and  flavouring  with  lemon-juice  or  vanilla, 
and  passing  through  a  fine  sieve  into  a  form  or 
mould.  It  may  be  eaten  alone  or  with  milk  :  and 
is  a  good  dietetic  preparation  for  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers. 

Ground  rice.  Take  a  tablespoonful  of  ground 
rice,  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk,  and  half  an  ounce 
of  candied  lemon-peel.  Rub  the  rice  smooth  with 
the  milk  :  then  add  the  lemon-peel  cut  into  small 
| ill  ees  :  boil  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain  whilst 
the  milk  is  hot.  It  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
rice  jelly. 

OS,  Bone,  Mouth,  see  Ossiculum — o.  Aeromii, 
Acromion — o.  Adjutorium,  Humeri  os  —  o.  Alm- 
forme,    Sphenoid  —  0.    Alagas,    Coccyx,    Sacrum 

—  o.  Alatum,  Sphenoid  bone  —  o.  Amphideon, 
Os  oteri  —  o.  Anonyme,  [nnominatum  os  —  o. 
Anonymum,  [nnominatum  os  —  o.  Anticum, 
Avani  bouche — o.  Arouale,  Temporal  bon< — o. 
Armale,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Asser,  Sternum  — 
o.  de  VAeeiette,    rschion — o.   Azygos,   Sphenoid 

—  o.  BulUstSB,  Astragalus — o.  Dasilare,  Occi- 
pital bone,  Palate  bone.  Sacrum,  Sphenoid — 0. 
Baxillare,  Sphenoid — o.  Bicorne,  Hyoides  os — o. 
Brachials,  Humeri  os — o.  Brachii,  Humeri  os — o. 
Calcis,  Caleanenm — o.  Capitatura,  Magnnn 

o.  Cauda'.  Occipital  bone — o.  Clunlum,  Sacrum  — 
Coccyx — o.  Colatorii,  Sphenoid  hone 

—  o.  Colatorium,  Ethmoid  bone  —  o.  Coliforme, 
Ethmoid  —  o.  Convolutum  superius,  Turbinated 
bone,  middle  —  o.  Coronale,  Frontal  bone  —  o. 
Coxsb,  [nnominatum  <»s — o.  Coxal,  [nnominatum 
os,  Ischion  —  o.   Cribleux,   Ethmoid  —  o.  Cribri- 


OS   C ROT ATE ALE 


662 


OSCHOXCUS 


forme,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Cribrosum,  Ethmoid  —  o. 
Cristatum.  Ethmoid — o.  Crochu,  Os  unciforme. 

OS  C ROT AP HALE.  A  name  given  by  M. 
Beelard  to  a  bone  sometimes  met  with  at  the  an- 
terior and  inferior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone ;  from 
Kpora^og,  'the  temple.' 

Os  Crotaphiticuh,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Cubi- 
cum,  Ethmoid  bone  —  o.  ad  Cubitale,  Radius  — 
o.  Cubiti  Inferius,  Ulna  —  o.  de  la  Cuisse,  Femur 

—  o.  Cuneiforme,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Cuneo  compara- 
tum,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Cynibiforme,  Scaphoid  bone 

—  o.  Disciforme,  Patella  —  o.  Durum,  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Ensiforme,  Sternum. 

OS  E  PACT  ALE.  A  name  given  to  one  of  the 
ossa.  Wormiana;  particularly  to  one  met  with  in 
the  posterior  fontanelle,  and  which  has  been  de- 
scribed by  G.  Fischer,  under  the  name  On  Epac- 
tale  seu  Goethia' num. 

OS  EPAGTAUX,  Wormiana  ossa. 

Os  Externum.  The  entrance  into  the  vagina, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  Os  inter' num  or  Os  u'teri. 

Os  Extra  Okdixem  Carpi,  Os  pisiforme  —  o- 
Femoris.  Femur — o.  Fibrosum,  Occipital  bone  — 
o.  Foraminulentum,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Frontis,  Fron- 
tal bone  —  o.  Gense,  Mala?  os — o.  Gladioli,  Ster- 
num— o.  Grand,  Magnum  os — o.  Grand,  col  du, 
Colluin  ossis  magni — o.  Grandinosum,  Cuboid — o. 
Gutturis.  Hyoides  os — o.  Hamatum,  Os  unciforme  j 

—  o.  Hors  du  rang,  Os  pisiforme  —  o.  Hypopium, 
Mala?  os — o.  Hypseloides.  Hyoides  os — o.  Incon- 
jugatum,  Sphenoid — o.  Incudi  simiiis,  Incus — o. 
Inferius  ventriculi,  Pylorus  —  o.  Innomine,  Inno- 
minatum  os  —  o.  TntercalSs,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o. 
Internum,  see  Uterus — o.  Inverecundum,  Frontal 
bone — o.  Ischii.  Isehion — o.  In terparietale, 'Inter- 
parietal bone — o.  Jugale.  Mala?  os — o.  Jugamen- 
tum,  Malae  os — o.  Jnguli.  Clavicle — o.  Lacrymale, 
Unguis  os — o.  Lambda.  Occipital  bone — o.  Lanib- 
doides,  Hyoides  os,  Occipital  bone — o.  Lapideum, 
Temporal  bone  —  o.  Lapidosum,  Temporal  bone 
— o.  Latum.  Sacrum — o.  Latum  humeri,  Scapula, 
— o.  Lenticulare,  Os  orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme — o. 
Lepidoides.  Temporal  hone — o.  Lingua?,  Hj-oides 
os — o.  Linguale,  Hyoides  os — o.  Lithoides,  Tem- 
poral bene  —  o.  Magnum,  neck  of  the,  Collum 
ossis  magni — o.  dfalaire,  Mala?  os  —  o.  Malare, 
Mala?  os  —  o.  Maxilla?  superioris  undecimum, 
Tomer — o.  Maxillaire  inferieure,  Collum  mandi- 
bula? — o.  Memento  tnori,  Temporal  bone — o.  Me- 
moriae, Occipital  bone  —  o.  Mendosum.  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Morsus  Adami,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  o. 
Mucronatum.  Xiphoid  cartilage — o.  Multangulum 
iuajus,  Trapezium  os  —  o.  Multangulum  minus, 
Trapezoides  os  —  o.  Multiforme,  Ethmoid,  Sphe- 
noid— o.  Xasau.r.  Xasal  bones — o.  Xaviculare,  Os 
scaphoides — o.  Xervale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Xer- 
vosum.  Occipital  bone — o.  Occipiti,  Occipital  bone 
— o.  Orbiculare.  Os  pisiforme — o.  du  Palais,  Pa- 
late bone — o.  Palati.  Palate  bone  —  o.  Palatin, 
Palate  bone  —  o.  PapilJare,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Parie- 
tale  inferius.  Temporal  bone — o.  Paxillare,  Sphe- 
noid—  o.  Pectinis,  Pubis,  os  —  o.  Pectoris,  Ster- 
num—  o.  Pelvi-cephalicum,  Occipital  bone  —  o. 
Pelvis  laterale.  Innominatum  os  —  o.  Perone,  Fi- 
bula— o.  Petrosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Polymor- 
phon,  Sphenoid — o.  de  la  Pommette,  Mala?  os — o. 
Posterum,  Pharynx — o.  Pra?rupta?  rupi  assimila- 
tum.  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Procubitale,  Ulna  —  o. 
Propres  du  nez,  Xasal  bones  —  o.  Prora?,  Frontal 
bone.  Occipital  bone — o.  Pterygoideum,  Sphenoid 
— o.  Pudicum,  Mala?  os — o.  Puppis,  Frontal  bone, 
Occipital  bone — o.  Pyramidale  carpi,  Trapezoides 
os — o.  Pyxidis,  Occipital  bone — o.  Rationis,  Fron- 
tal bone — o.  du  Sayan,  Radius  —  o.  Sacrum,  Sa- 
crum— o.  Saxeum.  Temporal  bone — o.  Scutiforme, 
Patella — o.  de  S&che,  Sepia — o.  Sedentarium,  see 
Ischiatic — o.  Semilunare,  Lunare  os — o.  Sextum 
cranii,  Occipital  bone  —  o.  du  Sinciput,  Parietal 


bones,  see  Sinciput  —  o.  Sons-ethmoi'dal,  Turbi- 
nated bone,  inferior  —  o.  Spheno-basilare,  Occi- 
pital bone — o.  Sphecoideum,  Sphenoid — o.  Sphe- 
noidale, Sphenoid — o.  Sphenoides,  Sphenoid — o. 
Spongiosum  inferius, 
Spongiosum 


Spongiosum.  Ethmoid  —  o.   S] 
Turbinated  bone,  inferior  —  o.  S] 
dium,  Turbinated  bone,  middle  —  o.  Spongiosum 
superius.    Turbinated    bone,   middle.    Turbinated 
superior —  o. 


bone, 


Spongoides,  Ethmoid  —  o. 
Squamosum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Suboculare, 
Mala?  os — o.  Sumunieraires,  AVormiana  os^a — o. 
SusmaxiUaire,  Maxillary  (superior)  bone  —  o. 
Sylvii.  Os  orbiculare — o.  Syncipitis,  Frontal  bone 
—  o.  Temporis,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Tessera?.  As- 
tragalus. Cuboid — o.  Thyreoides. Patella — o.  TibisB 
minus,  Fibula — o.  Tinea?,  Os  uteri-^o.  TriangtjL 
|  laireti,  AVormiana  ossa  —  o.  Turbinatum,  Turbi- 
nated bone,  middle — o.  Turbinatum  inferius.  Tur- 
binated bone,  inferior  —  o.  Uncinatum,  Os  unci- 
forme—  o.  Upsiloides,  Hyoides  os. 

Os   U'teri,    Os   tineas    seu   inter'nnm   seu   rnn- 
phid'eon  seu  amphid'enm,  Protos'porus,  Os'cheon, 
Hijsteros'toma,    Os'culttm    seu    orijiv"inm 
Bysterostom'iuni,  Hyxteros'toma.   (F.)   3/useau  de 
Tanche.     The  mouth  of  the  womb,  see  Uterus. 

Os  Uteri  Exterxum,  see  Uterus — o.  Uteri  in- 
ternum, see  Uterus — o.  Yarium,  Cuboid — o.  Yes- 
piforme,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Yomeris,  Vomer  —  o. 
Wormien8,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Xiphoides.  Ster- 
num—  o.  Ypseloides,  Hyoides  os  —  o.  Zygomati- 
cum.  Mala?  os. 

OSCEDO.  Yawnin?. 

OSCH^MAKEDE'MA,  Oscharnctde'mn, 
(Ede'ma  scroti  cruen'tum  ;  from  oc\to\,  '  scrotum,' 
'ai/ia,  'blood,'  and  oj<5/?^a,  'oedema.'  Effusion  of 
blood  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCH.EMCEDEMA,  Oschaematoedenia. 

OSCHE.  Scrotum. 

OSCHEITIS.  Orcheitis.  Oschitis. 

OSCHE  OCARCIXOMA,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCHEOCE'LE.  Oschoce'le,  Scrotoce'le,  from 
ooxtov,  'the  scrotum,'  and  ktjXtj,  'tumour:'  Scro- 
tal hernia,  see  Bubonocele.  Sauvages  uses  os- 
cheocele in  the  sense  of  Dropsy  of  the  scrotum, 
see  Hydrocele. 

Oscheocele  Aquosa,  Hydroscheocele — o.  Fla- 

tulenta,  Physocele — o.  Hydatidosa,  Hydatidocele 

I  — o.  QZdematica,  OZdematoscheocele — o.  Sernina- 

!  lis,  Spermatocele — o.  Urinalis,  Urocele — o.  Yari- 

cosa,  Yaricocele. 

OSCHE OCHALASIE,  from  ogXwv,  'the  scro- 
tum,' and  xa\acis,  'relaxation.'  A  tumour  re- 
sulting from  hypertrophy  of  the  areolar  tissue 
,  of  the  scrotum,  and  the  excessive  extension  of 
the  skin  of  the  part, — an  affection  which  has  been 
confounded  with  sarcocele. — Alibert. 

OSCHEOX.  Scrotum.  Os  uteri. 

OSCHEOX'CUS,  Oschon'cus,  Oscheophy'tna, 
Osehophy' ma,  from  oscheon,  and  oyicos,  '  a  tumour.' 
A  preternatural  swelling  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCHEOPHYMA.  Oscheoncus. 

OSCHEOPLAS'TIC,  Oscheoplas'ticus,  from 
oscheon,'  and  Tr\a<j<ro>, '  I  form.'  An  epithet  given 
to  the  operation  for  restoring  the  scrotum  when 
lost.      Os'cheoplasty. 

OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA,  Oschopycede'ma,  CEde'- 
ma  scroti  purulen'tum.  Purulent  tumefaction  of 
the  scrotum. 

OSCHEFS.  Scrotum. 

OS'CHIOX.  The  raised  margin  of  the  os  uteri. 
According  to  some, an  excrescence  from  the  os  uteri. 

OSCHI'TIS.  Orchei'tis,  Oschei'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
scroti,  from  oscheon,  and  itis,  '  inflammatien.' 
Inflammation  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCHOCARCIXOMA,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCHOCELE,  Oscheocele,  Scrotocele. 

OSCHOXCUS,  Oscheoncus. 


OSCIIOrilYMA 

IPHYMA,  • 
[■  »PY(EDKM  \.  Oscheopytedema. 
KURCEDE'MA;    from    oncheon,  ovpov, 
t  urii),','  :t 1 1  1  i;-i  from  effu- 

8i,,n  ,.t'  urine  into  the  scrotum. 
•I  i  s.  Scrotum. 

1  \  DRCE  1>  E'M  A.     from     our)  ■    n, 
and    ui  ',i"i.    '  oedema.'       (Edema    scroti 
Watery  oe  lema  of  the  scrotum. 
;.|,  \'  riO.  Irritability,  Oscillation. 
LLA'TION,    Otcifla'ilo;    from    oscillum, 
•an   image,  perhaps  of  Bacchus,  hung  on  ropes, 
tp  and  down  in  the  air.'     Vibration, 
t'tiin,      Uso,  a   partial 
.  movement  of  the  eyeball  to  and  from  its 
posterior  axis. 

[TAN  C     FEVER  .    Febria  oa'citana,  (F.) 
in  oncitare,  '  to  yawn.'   A  fever, 
•h  the  patient  is  contiuually  yawning. 
0SC1  I'  \  riO.  Yawning. 

!.  VTORIUS,  Orbicularis  oris. 
OS(  II,  I'M    UTERI,  Os  uteri. 
•  >tura. 

11. LE.  Rumex  aeetosu >.  Boucher,  Ru- 

utatus — <>.    Petite,    Rumex    scutatus  —  o. 
.  Humes  scutatus  —  o.  Rouge,  Rumex  san- 

'.'.'.  Salix  alba — o.  re>l,  Cornus  sericca. 

ne,    Oimnzo'mn,    Oxmo- 

Zomod'inum,   (F.)   Matiire  cx- 

■  lii  Bouillon,  Extrait  <lr  viande  ;  Extrac'- 

<  extract  of  meat  :  from  007/77, 

and    yti/iiK.    'soup.'     M.    Thenard    gave 

this  name  to  an  extractive  matter,  contained  in 

.  r  flesh  ami  in  the  blood  of  animals,  which 

he   considers    of  a   peculiar  nature.     It   has   an 

le  smell  and   taste,  and  is  found  in  Bouil- 

meat,  in    the    proportion    of  one   part  to 

itin.      Vauquelin    discovered    in    it 

ingi.     It  is  tin'  substance  which  gives  the 

1   soups,   and    hence   its   name. 

liferent  crystallizable  and  un- 

izable  principles  with  empyreumatio  pro- 

Osmazome  has  been  prescribed  in   the  dose  of 

~j.  in  broth  or  in  powder,  with  aromatics, 

inulant  to  the  digestive  actions  and  a  re- 

if  appetite  in  convalescence.     An    Oama- 

'hocola'ta    rum    oamazo'ma,    has 

been  introduced  a<  an  analeptic  article  of  diet. 

]  tte  tbj  to  oamazome  ^j. 

VIE.  0  lour. 

tion. 
I  DRO'SIS,  from  o<xfiif,  'odour,'  and  'ifyw?, 
Perspiration  of  an  unusual  odour. 
•S  I-      VSTERISCOI'DES,      Belli: 
•■•■  of  Goo  I  Hope,  which,  from 
I   and   taste,  seems  to  contain  camphor: 
I  tispasraodic  virtues.     In   infusion,  it 

is  often  beneficially  employed  in  cough,  boarse- 
of  the  chest  generally,  and  is 
hie  in  flatulent  colic.     Infused 
t,  tpir'itu*  bell'idia,  it  has    b<  en  used   6UC- 
v  as   in  external  remedy  in  paralj 
(METRICUS  SEXSUS.  olfaction. 

-I.  Oimonu'ai,  Morbi  olfac't&a,  from 
Mpti. ' odour,'  and  1000s,  'a  disease.'     Dia<  a 
>n. 
OSMONOSOLOG"IA,  from  oeun,  '  odour.'  vo<roj. 
i  \oyos,  'description.'     The  doctrine 
sea  of  the  .-• 
I 
OSMORRHI'ZA    LONGIS'TYLIS.    [oeu*,    'a 
■   '      5 '.  '  a  ro  »t,')  iS  "ely.     An  lo- 

ts plnnt,  Order,  UmbelliferaB,  which  Bowers 
in  M  iv  and  Jane,     It  is  an  agreeable  aromatic, 
■  Savour  of 

>'aia  ;     from    uin/ms,     '  im| 
The  action  by  which  fluids  are  impelled  through 


r,  6  3 


OSSICULA 


moist  membrane  and  other  porous  septa,  in  cn- 
dosmotio  and  exosniotie  e x j > e r i  1 1 1  •  ■  n t - . 

OSMOTMC,  Oemot'iene,  same  etymon.  R  . 
la  ti  111:  or  belonging  to  osmose  i  as  "  oemotie  force" 

the  force  which  induces  OimOM. 

OSMOZOME,  Osmasome. 
OSMUND,  ROYAL,  Oimnnda  regalia. 

08W  r  VI>  A  CI  X  N  A  M  O'M  E  A.  Cinnamon 

Fern.      Indigenous  ;    Order,    l'ilico;    is    r.  . 

to  lie  demuleent,  aubaetringent,  and  tonic.  Boiled 

in  milk,  it  yields  a  tine   mucilage,  which  is  useful 
in  dian 

»A  Rboa'ms,  0.  epeetaVilie,  Filix 
Flor'ida,  Flow'ering  Fern,  Oewtund-royal.  This 
plant  was  once  thought  to  \-  --•  M  stringent  and 
emmenagogne  virtue-. 

ii>mi  nda  Bpkctabilib,  0.  regalis. 

0S0R0N,  Opium. 

OSPHR  A  NT  ERICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRANTICOS,  Olfactory 

06PHRASIA,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRRSIOL'OGY,  O*pkrcriolog"ia,  from 
ooii>ptiois,  *  olfaction,'  and  Aoyoy,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  olfaction  and  odours. 

OSPHRESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRETICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRIS'TICE,  from  oa^pnois,  'olfaction.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  odours. 

OSPHYALGEMA,  Coxalgia, 

OSPHYALOIA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYARTHRITIS,  Osphvitis. 

OSPHYARTHROCACE,  0  xarnna  morbus. 

OSPHYI'TIS,  Oaphy'tie,  Oephyarthri'tie,  In- 
flamma'tio  coxes,  from  oacjvg,  'the  hip,'  and  lYta, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  parts 
about  the  hip. 

OSPHYRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

OSPHYS,  Haunch,  Lumbi. 

OSPHYTIS,  Oaphyitia. 

OSSA  BRKGMATIS,  Parietal  bones— o.  Con- 
voluta  inferiora.  Turbinated  bones,  inferior  —  ... 
Digitornm  man  us,  Phalanges  of  the  fingers —  0. 
Digitornm  pedis,  Phalanges  of  the  toes — o.  Epac- 
talia,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Maxilla?  superioris 
quarts  sen  qninta  seu  seeunda,  Nasal  bones  —  0. 
Nasalia,  Nasal  bones  —  o.  Nasi,  Nasal  bones — O. 
Nervalia,  Parietal  bones — o.  Pisiformia  lingualin, 
see  Hyoides,  os — o.  Raphogeminantia.  Wormiana 
eaea — o.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones  —  o.  Sin- 
cipitis,  Parietal  bones— 0.  Spongiosa,  Turbinated 
bones — o.  Suturarum,  Wormiana  oasa — o.  Tertia 
maxillaa  Buperioria,  Turbinated  bones  —  0.  Tetra- 
gons, Parietal  bones — o.  Triangularia.  Sphenoidal 
eornna  —  o.  Triangularia  Blasii,  Wormiana  oaaa 
—  o.  Triquetra,  Wormiana  ossa — 0.  Tritii 
Hyoides  os — 0.  Turbinate,  Turbinated  bones — u. 
Yerticalia.  Parietal  t>OH 

OSSEINS.  Osteine. 

0&  VELBTS  DE  BERTIN,  Bphenoidalia eor- 
nna—  o.  de  F  Oreille,   Oaaionla    auditus — o.  de 

I'Onie,  Ossicula  auditus — o.  du  Tympan,  Ossicnla 
anditfla. 

OSSEOUS,  Often*,  Oeto'dee,  Oetdl'd**,  Ottoid, 
(F.)  Oineux  ;  from  oe,  '  a  bone.'     Bony.      I: 
bling  bone. 

OSSK  LES,  Ossicnla,  see  Ossiculum. 

OSSICUL  \.  see  Oaaicnlum. 

Oaaio'uiiA  Audi'tOs,  0.  Aurie,  fP.)  Oeeelete  de 
Voreille  on  de  Vouie  <m  </u  tympan.  The  small 
bones  or  oeeiclet  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, and  forming  an  uninterrupted  chain  from 
the  membrane  of  the  tympanum  to  thai  of  the 
fenestra  ovalia.     They  are  four  En  number;  and 

ries,    from    without    to    within,    i- 
lowa:   Malleue,  fncve,  Oe  orbieulare,  Stapee, 

Obsicula    I'.riMiM.  Sphenoidalia  sornua  —  n. 
Innominate,  Innominata  minora  ossa  —  0 
Nasal  bonea— o.  Besamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones — o. 
Tritieea,  see  Hyoid 


OSSICULUM 


fi  6  4 


OSTEO-SARCOMA 


OSSICULUM,  (plural  Ossic'ula,)  Oata'rion, 
Oa'aicle.  Diminutive  of  os,  08818,  'a  bone.'  A 
small  bone.      See  Os. 

Ossiculum  Cochleare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o. 
Incudi  Cotnparatom,  Incus  —  o.  Malleolo  assi- 
rnilatuin.  Malleus  —  o.  Molari  denti  comparatum, 
Incus  —  o.  Orbieulare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Quar- 
tuiu,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Squamosum,  Orbicular 
bone. 

OSSIFICA'TION,  Ossifica'tio,  Ossifac'tio,  from 
os,  'a  bone,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  Osteogen' ia, 
Osteogen' etris,  Ostco'sis,  Oato'aia.  Formation  of 
bone.  Development  or  increase  of  the  osseous 
system.  Ossification  takes  place  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  nutrition  of  other  organs.  The 
bones  are,  at  first,  mucous,  and  afterwards  carti- 
laginous; the  cartilage,  at  length,  receives  the 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  is,  at  the  same  time,  re- 
placed by  a  gelatinous  parenchyma,  when  the 
bone  has  acquired  the  whole  of  its  development. 

Ossification,  Points  of,  Punctn  seu  Nu'clei 
maificatio'nia,  Nu'clei  ossei,  are  the  points  where 
the  ossification  of  a  bone  commences,  whence  it 
extends  to  other  parts.  Almost  all  the  bones 
present  a  greater  or  less  number  of  points  of 
ossification.  Besides  the  natural  ossification, 
which  we  observe  in  the  foetus  and  in  the  first 
periods  of  life,  there  are  also  acciden'tal  ossifica- 
tions, such  as  those  frequently  remarked  after 
the  inflammation  of  serous  membranes,  in  the 
parietes  of  arteries,  and  to  which  the  terms  Os- 
thex'ia,  Incntsta'tion  and  Petiifac'tion  have, 
sometimes,  been  applied. 

OSSIFRAGA,  Osteocolla. 

OSSIS  SACRI  ACUMEN,  Coccyx. 

OSSISANA.  Osteocolla, 

OSSIV'OROUS,  from  os,  ossis,  'a  bone,'  and 
voro,  '  I  devour.'  A  species  of  tumour,  mentioned 
by  Ruysch,  which  destroys  bone. 

OS'TAGRA,  Oa'teagra,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' 
and  aypa,  'seizure.'  A  forceps  to  cut  or  remove 
portions  of  bone. 

OSTALGTA.  Osteocopus. 

OSTARIUM,  Ossiculum. 

OSTARTHRITIS.  Arthrophlogosis. 

OSTARTHROCACE.  Spina  ventosa. 

OSTEAGRA,  Ostagra. 

OSTEALGIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTETDE,  Osteoid. 

OS'TEINE,  Osseine,  from  oareov,  'a  bone.'  The 
animal  matter  of  bone. 

OSTETTES,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEI'TIS,  Osti'tis,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and 
itia.  Lifhtnimn'tio  Oaaia.  Inflammation  of  bone  ; 
characterized  by  violent  shooting  and  lancinating 
pains  in  a  bone. 

OSTEMPYE'SIS,  Osteempye'sis,  Ostempyn'sis. 
from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and  etirrvtjais,  (ev,  and  7ruov,) 
'  effusion  of  pus.'  An  abscess  in  the  interior  of  a 
bone. 

OSTEMPYOSTS.  Ostempyesis. 

OSTEOANABROSIS,  Osteonabrosis. 

OSTEOCE'LE.  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' and  Kij^rj, 
'a  tumour.'  A  hernia  in  which  the  sac  is  carti- 
laginous and  bony  : — a  rare  case.  Also,  osseous 
induration  of  one  or  both  testicles. 

OSTEOCLASIS,  Fracture. 

OSTEOCOL'LA,  from  oareov,  'a  bone/  and 
KoWa.  'glue.'  Glue-bone,  Stone  or  Bone  binder; 
Ossif'i'aga,  Holos'tcus,  Oasiaa'na,  Ontri'tes,  Os- 
tei'tes,  Amos' tens,  Osteol'ithos,  Stelochi'tes.  A 
name  given  to  petrified  carbonate  of  lime,  found 
in  some  parts  of  Germany  and  other  portions  of 
the  globe  ;  so  called,  because  it  has  been  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  power  of  favouring  the  for- 
mation of  callus  in  fractures.  It  is  the  Chaux 
carbonatee  concretionnee  incrustante  of  Haiiy. 
Not  used. 

OSTEOCOPUS,    Osteal'gia,    Ostal'gia,   Osteo- 


dyn'ia,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and  ko-o$,  'fatigue.' 
Boneuch,  Bone-ayue.  Pain  in  the  bones, — as  in 
syphilis. 

OSTEOCYST'OID,  Osteocystoi'dcs,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone,'  kvotis,  'a  sack  or  cyst,'  and  etdos,  'ap- 
pearance.' A  morbid  growth  in  bone,  consisting 
of  the  formation  of  cysts  filled  with  puriform  or 
other  fluid. 

OSTEODENTINS,  see  Tooth. 

OSTEODYNIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEOGANGR^NA,  Necrosis. 

OSTEOGENIA,  Ossification. 

OSTEOG'RAPHY,  Oxteogra'phia,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone,'  and  ypaipeiv,  'to  describe.'  Description 
of  the  bones.  The  part  of  anatomy  which  de- 
scribes the  bones. 

OSTEOHELCOSIS,  Caries. 

OS'TEOID,  Osteoi'des,  (F.)  Osteide,  from  oareov, 
'bone,'  and    eiSos,  'appearance.'     An  accidental, 
bony  production,   or  more  frequently  a  morbid 
production,  which  is  a  calcareous  incrustation  of 
the  normal  tissue  or  of  fibrous  tumours. 

OSTEOLITHOS,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEOL'OGY,  Osteolog"ia,  from  oareov,  'a 
bone,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  bones. 

OSTEOLYO'SIS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and 
Xuw,  '  I  dissolve.'  Necrosis  or  death  of  the  bone, 
as  in  hospital  gangrene,  in  which  the  dead  parts 
are  of  soft  consistence. 

OSTEOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities  ossium  — o.  In- 
fantum, Rachitis. 

OSTEOMALACOSIS.  Mollities  ossium. 

OSTEOMYELITIS,  Medullitis. 

OSTEON,  Bone— o.  Hieron,  Sacrum. 

OSTEONABRO'SIS,  Osteoanabro'sis,  from 
oareov,  'a  bone,'  a  priv.,  and  fiptoas,  'nutriment/ 
Atrophy  of  the  osseous  texture  marked  by  dimi- 
nution of  volume. 

OSTEON'CUS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone/ and  oyKog, 
'a  tumour/     A  bonv  tumour. 

OSTEONECROSIS,  Necrosis. 

OSTEON'OSI,  Osteonu'si,  from  oareov,  'a  bone/ 
and  voaoq,  'a  disease/  Mor'hi  os'sium.  Diseases 
of  the  bones. 

OSTEOPEDION,  Lithopadion. 

OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone/ 
tra\iv,  'again/  and  rtaois,  'fracture.'  The  break- 
ing again  of  a  bone  which  has  united  unfavour- 
ably. 

OSTEOPHY'MA,  Osteoncus.  Sometimes  used 
in  the  sense  of  Exostosis.  By  Lobstein  applied 
to  bony  productions  originating  in  the  deep- 
seated  layers  of  the  periosteum,  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  carious  bone,  and  which  seem  to  be  intended 
to  obviate  the  weakness  resulting  from  the  de- 
struction of  the  bone. 

OSTEOPHYTE.  Exostosis. 

OSTEOPH'YTON,  Osteophyte,  from  oareov,  'a 
bone.'  and  <f>vu>,  'I  grow/  Under  this  name, 
Rokitansky  describes  a  deposition  of  bony  matter, 
found  by  him  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  parietes 
of  the  skull  of  pregnant  women. 

OSTEOPLASTY,  (F.)  Osteoplastic,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone/ and  i:\aaaeiv,  '  to  form.'  An  operation 
by  which  the  total  or  partial  loss  of  a  bone  is 
remedied. 

OSTEOPLEU'RA,  Pleurosto'sis,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone/  and  nXevpov,  'a  rib/  Ossification  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs. 

OSTEOPORO'SIS,  Osteosclerosis,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone/ and  nupwoig.  'induration/  Induration 
of  a  bone,  from  the  deposition  of  too  much  bony 
matter.  Also,  a  bony  degeneration,  which  con- 
sists in  too  great  porosity  with  hardening.  [?] 

OSTEOPSATHYROSIS,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

OSTEO-SARCO'MA,  Osteo-aarco'sis,  Surcoeto'- 
sis,  Hccmatcxosto'  sis,  from  oareov,  '  bone,'  and  aap%, 


OSTEOSARCOSIS 


6  6  5 


OTITIS 


aafKOi,  '  flesh.'     Disease  of  the  bony  tissue,  which 
tensiats  in  Boftening   of  its  huninss,  and    their 
Iransforination  into  a  fleshy  substance, analogous 
to   tliat   of  cancer j    acoompanied  .with    general 
symptoms  of  cancerous  affection.     The  word  has 
ilao,  boon  used  synonymously  with  spina 
rentosa. 
OSTEOS  ^RCOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 
KOSIS,  Osteoporosis. 
OS  n;  >SIS,  Ossification. 

0  STEATO'MA,  Exoato'ais   ateatomato'- 

-.,..'  a  bone,'  and  ortap,  arearoi,  '  snot 

a*  fat.'  A  name  given  to  bony  tumonrs  or  de- 
i  ,n-.  which  sometimes  belong  to  osteo-sar- 

cuum;  :it  others,  to  spina  ventosa,  exostosis,  Ac 
iOTOME;  same  etymon  as  Osteotomy. 

A  bone  .-aw,  which  has   the  form  of  a  chain. — 

N  vMcll. 

OSTEOT'OMIST,  Oateotomie'ta.  Same  etymon 

next    An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  D. 

Davis,  for  cutting  the  hours  of  the  foetal  cranium. 

where  it  becomes  necessary  to  greatly  reduce  the 

of  the  head  in  parturition. 

CEOT'OMY,    Oeteotom'ia,    from    oortov,    'a 

bone,' and  rcuvav,  'to  cut,' (row,  ' an  incision.') 

The  part  of  practical  anatomy  whose  object  is  the 

dissection  of  bones. 

OSTEOTOPHUS,  Tophus. 
OSTEOTYU  S,  ('alius. 

;  EULCUM,  Bone-nippers. 
OSTEUM.  Hour. 
OSTHEXIA,  see  Ossification. 
0ST1  \KH"S.  Pylorus. 

[OLUM,  diminutive   of  oanov,  <a  mouth 
or  opening.'     A  small  door  or  k:"''- 

OstioLA    Cordis,    Val'vnla    cordis,    Pellic'ulce 
con//*.      The  valves  of  the  heart. 
OSTITIS,  Osteitis. 
OS'TIUM,  otrrtov,  Orifie"ium,  a  door  or  gate, 

—  of  the   heart,  for  example.      The    opening  — 
Of  Hum  atrioventricula're  sou  centric' uli  veno'eum 

—  between  the  auricle  and  ventricle  of  each  side. 
Os'tium   ventric'uli  arterio'aum,  is  the  opening  at 

rigin  of  the  pulmonary  artery  and  aorta. 

Ostium  Abdominals,  see  Tube,  Fallopian  —  o. 

Arteriosnm,   see    Ostium  —  o.    Atrioventriculare, 

5tium — o.  Duodenale  ventriculi,  Pylorus — o. 

Internum,  see  Ostium    uteri  —  o.   (Esophageum, 

Cardia. 

Ostium  U'teri.  The  vulva:  the  vagina.  The 
term  Os'tium  inter'nnm  has  been  applied  to  the 
inferior  opening  of  the  uterus,  which  establishes 
a  free  communication  between  the  cavities  of  the 
body  and  neck,  and  which  is  often  obliterated  in 
aid  women. — Cruveilhier.  The  neck  of  the  ute- 
rus :   the  month  of  the  uterus.      See  Uterus. 

Ostium    Uterinum,  see   Tube,    Fallopian — o. 
Venosum,  see  Ostium  —  o.  Ventriculi  Duodenale 
sen  Pyloricura  -en  Dextrum  seu  Inferius,  Pylorus. 
0ST0DES,  Os -.-..us. 
OSTOIDEA  SUBSTANTIA,  see  Tooth. 

ous. 
OSTOM  \.  Exostosis. 

I  5IS,  Ossification. 
OS'TREA,    Oi'trenm,   oarprov,  oorpctov,    0*'trea 
edu'lis,    F.    ffuitn  cephala.    The  oyster. 

The  oyster  is  a  wholesome  article  of  diet,  often 
advised  as  analeptic  and  easy  of  digestion. 

The  shells,  Teatat  On' treat,  Teata  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
(P.)  ficaillea  d'huttr^a,  have  been  received  into 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  and  used  medicinally.  Their 
virtue-  are  similar  to  those  of  the  carbonate  of 
lime.  See  Creta. 
OSTREUM,  Ostrea. 
OSTRITES,  Osteocolla. 

:  RUTHIUM,  Iinperatoria. 
OSWEGO  TEA,  Monarda  coccinea. 
OSYRIS,  Antirhinum  linaria. 
OTACOUST'IC,  Otacoue'ticua,  from  ovs,  <*toS, 


•  the  car.'  and  curoaw,  '  I  listen.'     Any  instrument 
is  bo  called  which  improves  the  sense  of  hearing, 
—as  the  different  species  of  trumpets. 
OTAGRA,  Otalgia. 

OTA  1/0  1  A.  Ot'atjra,  Otod'yni,  Otal'gy,  (F.) 
Otalgia,  fr<  m  ou>,  KTflJr,  'the  ear,'  and  <i\yos,  'pain.' 
Pain  in  the  car;  Dolor  ou'rimu,  Spua'mua  uu'- 
riiim.  Bar-ache,     See  otitis. 

OTAL'GIC,    Otal'gicue,    (F.)    Otalgique.     An 
epithet  for  remedies  used  in  otalgia. 
OTECH  US,  Tinnitus  aarium. 
OTKMPLAS'TRUM,  Otoplae'ta,  Otoplaa'tnm, 
from  one,  otos,  and  tfn:^<l<'~p0v>  '•  plaster.    A  plas- 
ter put  behind  the  cars. 

OTEN'CHYTES,  Oten'chyta,  from  one,  otoa, 
6»,  'into,'  and  \vu,  '1  pour.'  Sipho  aurieula'ria. 
A  species  of  pyringe,  used  for  injecting  the  ear. 

OTHELCO'SIS,  from  oua,  otoa,  and  'iXkuois, 
'ulceration.'  Ulceration  or  suppuration  of  tho 
ear. 

OTHONE,  Lintcum. 
OTHONION,  Linteum. 
OTHYGROTES,  Otirrhoea. 
OTIATKR,  Aurist. 

OTIATRI'A,    Otiat'rice,    from    out,   otos,  and 
inrpua,  'medicine.'     The   business   of  the  aurist. 
The  management  of  diseases  of  the  ear;  Aural 
Medicine  and  Surgery,  Eur  Surgery. 
OTIATRICE,  Otiatria. 
OTIATRUS,  Aurist. 

O'TIC,  O'ticne,  (P.)  Otioue,  from  ons,  otoa. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  ear.  A  medicine 
employed  in  diseases  of  the  ear. 

Otic  Ganglion,  Otogan'glivm,  Gang'lion  ourl- 
culu're  sen  o'ticum,  Anric'ular  ganglion,  Ganglion 
of  Arnold,  (P.)  Ganglion  maxillo-tympanique. 
This  is  a  small  ganglion,  although  more  than 
double  the  size  of  the  ophthalmic,-  ash-coloured 
and  pulpy  like  the  ganglions  of  the  sympathetic. 
It  is  situate  in  advance  of  the  ganglion  of  Oa-ser, 
on  the  lower  surface  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
nerve,  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  foramen  ovale 
of  the  sphenoid  bone.     See  Petrous  ganglion. 

OTIRRIICE'A,  Otorrhce'a,  Othy'grotea,  Jilenno- 
torrhw'u,  (F.)  Catarrhs  de  VOreiUe,  from  ons, 
otoe,  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of  a  purulent 
or  pnriform  liquid,  from  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  Pyorrhce'a  an'rium,  Otopyorrhea,  Pya- 
otorrhce'a,  Otorrhas'a  purulen'ta.  It  is  a  symp- 
tom of  chronic  otitis.  Some  authors,  have,  in- 
deed, used  the  term  synonymously  with  chronic 
otitis.  When  it  extends  to  the  brain,  it  is  termed 
cer'ebral  otorrhce'a  ;  and  when  from  the  middle 
or  internal  ear,  it  is  termed  internal  otorrlma, 
Otorrhas'a  inter'na,  and  Entotorrhce'a. 
Otikim;<i;a  CEREBRAL,  see  Otirrhoea. 
OTITES,  see  Digitus. 

OTI'TIS,  Otophleg'monS,  Emprta'ma  otitic, 
Tnflamma'tio  auris,  Inflammation  of  the  ear,  (P.) 
Otite,  Inflammation  de  Voreille,  from  one,  otoa, 
and  itia,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  ear,  characterized 
by  excruciating  pain  ,-  intolerable  humming  in 
the  ear,  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  generally  from 
the  meatus  externus  or  from  the  Eustachian 
tube.  When  the  inflammation  is  restricted  to 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  meatus,  it  is  termed 
otitis  catarrha'lla.  Otitis  is  divided  into  external 
and  internal,  according  as  it  affects  the  meatus 
auditorius,  or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  or 
internal  ear.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Acute 
Otitis    commonly    terminates    in    a    few    days    in    a 

favourable  manner,  with  the  aid  of  antiphlogis- 
tics.  Chronie  otitis,  otirrhot'a,  is  almost  always 
accompanied  by  a  purulent  discharge  from  tho 
meatus  auditorius.  It  is  often  incurable,  and 
may  ultimately  give  occasion  to  disease  of  the 

internal  ear,  and  even  id'  tin'  brain. 

Otitis  Cataubhalis,  sec  Otitis. 


OTIUM 


6G6 


OVIUEIIOUS 


O'TIUM,  Ota'rium,  from  ous,  otos.  A  small 
ear.     The  auricle  or  pavilion  of  the  ear. 

OTOCEPHALUS,  Mono'tia,    from    ous,    otos, 
and  Ki<pa\r),  'head.'     A  monster,  whose  ears  are 
in  contact,  or  united  into  one. 
OTOCONTES,  see  Otolith!. 
OTODYNE,  Otalgia. 
OTOGLYPHIS,  Earpick. 
OTOGLYPHUM,  Earpick. 
OTOG'RAPHY,    Otoyra'phia,  from   ous,  otos, 
and  ypaipri,  'a  description.'    The  part  of  anatomy 
which  describes  the  ear. 

OTOLITHS,  Otol'ithi,  O'tolites,(¥.)  Otolithes, 
from  ous,  otos,  and  \t6o$,  'a  stone.'  White  cal- 
careous substances  contained  in  the  membranous 
vestibule,  and  seeming  to  be  suspended  in  the 
fluid  of  the  vestibule  by  means  of  a  number  of 
nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the  auditory 
nerve.  Their  universal  presence  in  the  ear  of 
the  mammalia  would  seem  to  show  that  they  are 
inservient  to  audition.  When  of  a  looser  con- 
sistence, they  are  called  Otocon'ia,  (F.)  Otoconies, 
from  ou?,  wtos,  'the  ear,'  and  koviu,  'dust.' 

OTOL'OGY,  Otolog'ia,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
'Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  ear.  An  anatomical  treatise  on  the 
ear. 

OTOPATHEMA,  Otopathy. 

OTOP'ATHY,  Otopathi' a,  Otopathe'ma,  from 
ous,  otos,  and  irados,  'a  disease.'  A  diseased  con- 
dition of  the  ear. 

OTOPHLEGMONE,  Otitis. 
OTOPLASTA.  Otemplastrum. 
OTOPLAS'TICE,    O'toplnsty,  from    ous,   otos, 
and  TrXacrriKog,  'forming.'     The  operation  for  re- 
storing a  lost  ear. 

OTOPLASTRUM,  Otemplastrum. 
OTOPYORRHEA,  Otirrhoea. 
OTORRHAGIA,    from    one,   otos,  and    payv, 
'rupture.'     Bleeding  from  the  ear  or  ears. 

OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
pevnananos,  'rheumatism:'  Otal'gia  rkeumat'ica. 
Rheumatic  ear-ache. 

OTORRHEA.  Otirrhoaa— o.  Cerebral,  see  Otir- 
rhoea— o.  Interna,  see  Otirrhoea  —  o.  Purulenta, 
Otirrhoea. 

O'TOSCOPE,  Otoscop'ium,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
OKorr],  'examination.'  An  instrument  for  exami- 
ning the  condition  of  the  ear.  An  elastic  stetho- 
scope, the  ends  of  which  are  tipped  with  ivory — 
one  to  be  inserted  into  the  meatus  of  the  patient. 
and  the  other  applied  to  the  ear  of  the  examiner. 
OTOT'OMY,  Ototoni'ia,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
TCfiveiv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical  anatomy 
which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting  and  pre- 
paring the  ear. 

OTTO  OF  ROSES,  see  Rosa  centifolia. 
OUACHITA  SPRINGS,  s<5e  Arkansas,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

OUIE,  Audition. 
OULA,  Gingiva?. 
OULE.  Cicatrix. 
OULITIS.  Ulitis. 
OULORRHAGIA,  Ulorrhagia. 
OUNCE.  Un'cia.     A  weight  equal  to  the  16th 
part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois,  the  12th  of  a  pound 
troy.     It  is  composed  of  8  drachms.     See  Weights 
and  Measures. 

OUR  A  QUE,  Urachus. 
OUR  ART,  Curare. 
OURExMA,  Urine. 

OURLES,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 
OURON,  Urine. 

OUS,  genitive  otos,  ovg,  utros,  Ear. 
OUTHAR,  Mamma,  Uterus. 
OUTRE-MER,  Lapis  lazuli. 
OUVERTURE  CADAVERIQUE,  Autopsia 
cadaverica. 


OVA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafian!  — o. 
Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulae. 
'  OVAIRE,  Ovarium. 
OVAL,  Ova'Jis,  Ob'des,  Obi'des,  Ova'tm,  (F.) 
Ovale,  from  wov,  ovum,  'an  egg.'  Egg-shaped 5 
elliptic.  That  which  is  round  and  oblong  like  an 
egg- 

OvALK  ForA'men,  Foramen  ob'des,  (F.)  Trou 
ovale.  The  foramen  obturatorium  :  also,  the  fo- 
ramen in  the  inner  paries  of  the  middle  ear,  which 
opens  into  the  vestibule;  the  foramen  in  the 
sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair  issues  from  the  cranium  :  And  tl  0 
aperture,  in  the  foetus,  between  the  auricles  of 
the  heart.     See  Botal  Foramen. 

OvALlS  Fossa,  Fo'vea  ova'h's,  Yal'vula  seu 
Vestig"ium  Foram'inis  oralis,  is  a  depression  ob- 
served in  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart,  in  the 
septum,  which  separates  it  from  the  left  auricle. 
It  has  thick  and  strong  edges,  at  its  upper  and 
fore  part,  called  Colum'uai  foram'iuis  ovi'/ix, 
Isthmus  seu  Ait'nulus  Vieusse'nii,  An'uulus  seu 
Limbus  fossa  ovalis:  in  the  foetus  called  An'~ 
nulus  foram'inis  seu  fossa?  ova' lis.  The  fossa 
ovalis,  in  the  adult,  replaces  the  inter-auricular 
aperture  in  the  septum  auricularum  of  the  foetus. 
OVALBUMEN,  Albumen  ovi. 
OYA'RIAN,  Ova'rial,  Ovaria'nus,  (F.)  Ova- 
rien,  Ovarique ;  from  ovarium,  wapiov,  'the 
ovary.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  ovary — as 
Ovarian  pregnancy. 

Ovarian  Artery. Spermatic  artery — 0.  Nerves, 
Spermatic  plexus  of  nerves  —  0.  Pregnancy,  see 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — 0.  Veins,  Spermatic  veins — 
o.  Vesicles,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 
OVARIOTOMY,  Oariotomy. 
O'VARISTS,  Ovists.  Same  etymon  as  Ovarian. 
Those  physiologists  who  think  that  the  phenomena 
of  generation,  in  the  human  species  and  in  every 
species  of  animal,  result  from  the  development 
of  the  ova  or  ovula  of  the  female,  merely  incited 
by  the  male.  Not  many  of  the  physiologists  of 
the  present  day  can  be  classed  among  the 
ovarists. 

OVARITIS,  Oaritis. 

OVA'RIUM.  Diminutive  of  wov.  ovum,  'an 
egg.'  The  O'vavy,  (Sc.)  Eggbed ;  Testis  mulie.'- 
bris  seu  femine'us,  Oa'rion,  Ooph'oron,  Gi/noa'- 
rium,  Vesica'rium,  (F.)  Ovaire.  The  ovaries  are 
the  organs  in  which  the  ova  are  formed  in  ovi- 
parous animals.  By  analogy,  the  name  has  been 
given  to  the  organs  which  the  ancients  called  the 
testicles  of  the  female.  They  are  two  ovoid 
bodies,  almost  as  large  as  the  testicles  in  men, 
placed  on  each  side  of  the  uterus,  between  the 
Fallopian  tube  and  round  ligament,  and  in  the 
substance  of  the  broad  ligament.  Their  outer 
extremity  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  projec- 
tions of  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallo- 
pian tube;  and  the  internal  is  fixed  to  the  uterus 
by  a  small  ligamentous  cord,  called  Ligamen'tum 
votun'dum  ova'rii,  Lig'ament  of  the  O'vary.  The 
ovaries  are  composed  of  a  ver}T  close,  spongy  tex- 
ture— stroma, — and  of  small  vesicles — Follic'uli 
Graajiu' ni , —  filled  with  a  clear  fluid  :  these  vesi- 
cles contain  ovules,  which  detach  themselves  from 
the  ovarium  before  and  after  fecundation,  and  are 
carried  into  the  cavity  of  the  uterus  by  the  Fal- 
lopian tube. 

Ovarium    Tumidum,    Oarioncus  —  0.    Nabothi, 
Nabothi  glandular 
OVATUS,  Oval. 

OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FROM,  Colica  cra- 
pulosa. 

OVERO  BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 
OVICAPSULE,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 
OVIDUCT,  Tube.  Fallopian. 
OVIDUCTUS  MULIEBRIS.  Tuba  Fallopiana. 
OVIG"EROUS,     O'viger,      Ovig"erus;     from 


0  Y1TAR1TE 


0  0  7 


OX  V  CAN  Til  A 


oi-ii/zi,  'an  egg,'  and  fvro,  'I  hear.'    Containing 
or  producing  ova  or 

OVIPARITE',  see  Oviparous. 
OVIP'AROUS,  Ovip'arua,  (F.)  Ovipare;  from 
swum,  '  :m  eggi1  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth/     An 
epithet  applied  to  animals  which  are  hatched  from 
itside  of  the  body.     The  condition  may  be 
germed  Ovip'aronsneta,  (F.)   Oviparitd. 
■  ii. 
OVJ  P  IROUSNESS,  see  Oviparous. 
OVIS  \'\  Bee  Folliculi  Graafiani— o.  Tunic  of 

ee  Folliculi  GraatianL 
OVISTS,  Ovarists. 
OVOLOGY,  Oologia, 

OVO-VIVIP'  V.ROUS,  iF.)  Ovo-vivipare,  from 
vivtu,   'living,'   and   porta,  'I 
bring  forth.'     Oviparous  animals,  whose  ova  are 
1  within  the  mother, — vipers,  for  example. 
m  -ration. 
QLA   GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani  — 
•hi,  Nabothi  glandulte. 
1 1  \"  OLAR,  Ovula'ri*  ;  from  ovnlum,  'an  ovule' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  ovule. 

OVULA'TIONj    from   ovnlum,    diminutive    of 
ovum,   'an    egg.'     The  formation    of  ova    in   the 
ovary,  and  the  discharge  of  the  same.     Also,  the 
»  '   pment  of  the  embryo  from  the  egg. 
Bpont  ineoos  ovti.  \  rin\,  i  F.)  Ovulation  xpoii- 
tauie,\s  the  spontaneous  formation  and  discharge 
of  ova   which    takes   place   in   the  female  of  the 
mammalia.     See  Heat. 
OVULE.  Ovulum. 
OVULINE,  Deci  lun  reflexa. 
O'VULUM,  O'vule;  diminutive  of  ovnm,  'an 
egg.'     A  small  egg.     That  which  has  the  appear- 

if  a  small  egg.  See  Ovum. 
OVUM,  uov,  O'dn,  an  egg.  The  eggs  of  poultry 
nre  chiefly  used  as  food.  The  different  parts  are, 
likewise,  employed  in  medicine.  The  shell,  An- 
ran'cnm,  Auran'tum,  (F.)  Coque  ou  Ooquille 
•alcined.  is  esteemed  an  absorbent  The 
OH  of  the  egg  is  emollient,  and  is  used,  exter- 
nally, to  hums  and  chaps.  The  Yolk  or  Yelk 
of  the  egg  —  Vitel'lumsen  Vitel'lut  ovi,  Lec'ithoa 
—  renders  oils,  Ac,  miscible  with  water.  Eggs, 
when  light  boiled,  are  easy  of  digestion  ;  hut. 
when  very  hard-boiled  or  fried,  they  are  more 
rebellious. 

/.'  it  Brandy  is  made  by  taking  of  Brandy  fjf  iv ; 
iter,  f.^iv:  the  yolks  of  two  eyq* ; 
Sugar,  %w,  and  Oil 'of  cinnamon,  gtt  ij.  Mix 
•Iks  of  the  eggs  first  with  the  water,  the  oil 
and  the  sugar,  Btirring  constantly.  Then  add  the 
brandy  little  arid  little,  until  a  smooth  fluid  is 
formed.  It  is  an  agreeable  mode  of  giving  brandy 
in  adynamic  states. 

In    Pharmacy,  white   of   eqj,   which    consists 

chiefly  of  albumen,  is  used  for  clarifying  syrups. 

■.  (F. )  Jaune  cTceuf,  beaten  up 

with  warm  water  and  Bugar,  and  aromatiaed  with 

flower  water,  firms  an    enfulsion,  which 

illient,  and  known  under  the  name    Laii  de 

ponle  or  ch  ickt  n't  milk. 

■  »mists  give  the  name  Om,  O'vnla,  O'vulea, 
(F.i  GEnfe,  to  round  resides,  containing  s  humour 
similar  to  the  yolk  of  egg,  which  are  situate  in 
the  oyaries  of  the  female,  and,  wben  fecundated, 
tute  the  rudiments  of  the  foetus.     During 
tion,  the  embryo  and  its  enveloping  mem- 
branes  retain  the  nam.'  Ovum,  (V.)   CEuf.     The 
changes  induced  in  the  mammalia  after  impreg- 
greatly  resemble  those  in  the  bird. 
«'vi  m,   Testicle  — o.    Hystericum,  sec   Clavus 
h  y  - 1  ■  • 

OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICTJS,  Potass,  oxalate 

of. 

OXALAT'IC,  Oxalat'icwi.     Relating   to  n.m- 

hence  Oxolut'ic  or  Ox<ilic  acid  Diath'erii 


is  the  habit  of  body  which  favours  the  formation 
and  deposition  of  oxalates  from  the  urine. 

OXAL'IG  A<'ii>,  Acidum  oxali'num  sea  *"<•- 
rhdii' ,iiiiii  sen  hydro-carbon* icum  sen  acetotel'las, 
sen  oxal'icum  sen  aac'ehari,  Acid  of  rngar  or  of 
torrcl,  Car'bonout  moid, from  o^j.Vi?.  'sorrel.'  An 
acid  found  in  sorrel.  It  Crystallises  in  long, 
colourless  quadrangular  prisms,  and  18  gem 
fonnd,  in  nature,  united  with  lime  or  potatfSil 
It  has  been  proposed,  in  a  diluted  state,  as  a  re- 
frigerant, hut  it  is  unnecessary ;  and.  besi 
quantity,  it  is  a  virulently  acrid  poison.  It  is 
largely  employed  for  cleaning  boot-tope;  and,  as 
it  strongly  resembles  the  sulphate  of  mag 

has  often  been  taken    for   it.      Several    fatal    cases 

are,  indeed,  on  record.     For  its  antidotes,  Ac, 
l'  lison. 

OX  \MC  ACID  Dl  VNII'srS,  sec  Oxalatio. 

OX ALIDE.  Oxalis  Reetosella. 

OX  \US  ACETOS  \.  llunicx  acetosns. 

Ox'alis  Aobtosel'la,  0.  America'na,  On/* 
alba,  called  from  o(v<;,  '  acid.'  owing  to  the  sharp- 
ness of  its  juice.  Ths  systematic  name  of  the 
Wooehorrel,  Cuckotobread,  Sonr  Trefoil,  White 
sorrel,  Mountain  Sorrel,  Trifo'lium  aceta'vum, 
Oxitriphyl'lum,  Lujula,  Alleln'ja,  Acetosel'la, 
Oxyphyl' Ion,  Oxytriphyl'lon,  Panit  cn'cnli,  1 
Surelle,  Oxalide,  Pain  a  Coucou,  Alleluia.  Ord. 
OxalidaoesB.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Decandria  Decagynin. 
This  plant  has  a  gratefully  acid  taste,  and  is  u»  I 
in  salads.  It  has  been  esteemed  refrigerant,  an- 
tiscorbutic, and  diuretic. 

Oxai.is  AMEBIC  AN  a.  0.  acctosella. 

OXALIS  Stiucta,  Yellow  wood  sorrel  ,  indige- 
nous, has  similar  virtues. 

Oxalis  Tubkro'sa,  Oca.  A  tuherous  plant, 
whose  oval-shaped  root  is  BSed  as  food  by  the 
Peruvians.  It  is  watery,  has  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  is  much  liked. 

OXALIUM,  Potass,  oxalate  of. 

OXAL'ME,  from  o^vg.  'acid,'  and  r«Xf,  'salt.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  salt. 

OXALU'RIA,  Urine,  oxalic. 

OXEL^'ON.  from  o£vs,  '  acid,'  and  c\aiov,  '  oil.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  oil,  used  as  a  condi- 
ment. 

OX  EYE,  Ilelenium  autumnalc — o.  Gall,  Bilo 
of  the  ox. 

OXEOLE,   Aeetofe. 

OXFCJEDRE,  Juniperus  oxyecdrus. 

oxro.  o.vvd. 

OXTDATIOX.  Oxydation. 

OXIDE,  Oxyd. 

OXIDUM,  Oxyd,  see  Oxydura. 

OXT'NES.    o£tvris,    (oivo$,)    from    o£u?,    'acid.' 
Wine  alreadv  sour,  hut  not  yet  vinegar, 
OXITRIPHYLLDM,  Oxalis  aoetoeella. 
OXO I) E,  Oxyd. 
OXODKS.  Acidulous. 
0X0IDES,  Acidulous. 
0X0S,  Aceticum  acidum,  Acetum. 
OXTER,  Axilla. 

0  V  /  7.7.'.    Oxyd. 

OXY  \.  Fagus  Bylvatioa. 
OXYACANTHA,  Mespilus  oxyaeantha, 

Oxyac  w'riiA  Galb'ni,  Ber'beri:  II.  vulga'rit, 
Spina  ae"ida,  Grenpi'nnt,  (V.)  Spine  vinettc, 
Vinettier.  Family,  Berberidese.  Sex,  Sy*t. 
Dexandria  ofonogynia.  The  Barberry.  The  fruit, 
of  the  berries,  Barberries,  is  gratefully  acid,  ami 
moderately  astringent  By  preparing  an  alco- 
holic extract    of  the   root   and  adding  water  to  it. 

a  pulverulent  brown  snbstai is  thrown  down, 

which,  when  dissolved  in  alcohol  and  evaporated, 
yields  the  hitter  principle,  Berberin,  which  is  an 
excellent  stomachic  in  the  dose  of  2,  i>,  or  In 
grains. 

The  American  Barberry,  Bcr'leria   Oomaden'. 


OXYESTHESIA 


6  08 


OXYXOSEMA 


sis,   Pipperidge  Bush,   Sowberry,  differs    slightly 
from  the  European.     It  flourishes  on  mountains 
and  hillv  districts  from  Canada  to  Virginia. 
OXYESTHESIA,  Hyperassthesis. 
OXYAPHE,  Hyperapbia. 
OXYAPHIA,  Hypferaphia. 
OXYBAPHION,  see  Acetabulum. 
OXYBOL'IA,   from    o£vs,    'quick,'   and   (SoXr, 
'ejection.'     Too  rapid  emission  of  sperm. 
OXYCE UU E.  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 
OXYCEPHA'LIA,    'Sugar-loaf    head,'    from 
o^vi,  'sharp,'  and  Kt<pa\r),  'head.'     Monstrosity  in 
which  the  head  is  peaked  like  a  sugar-loaf. 

OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  o.  Pa- 
lustris.  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 

OX'YCRATE,  Oxycra'tum,  from  o£vs,  'acid,' 
and  Kpaiio,  'I  mix;'  Posea,  Phusca.  A  mixture 
of  vinegar  and  water ;  frequently  used  in  medi- 
cine as  a  refrigerant  and  antiseptic. 

OXYCRO'CEUM  EMPLASTRUM,  from  o|i>?, 
'acid,'  and  icpoKos,  'saffron.'  A  plaster,  composed 
of  saffron,  pitch,  colophony,  yellow  icax,  turpen- 
tine, galbaniim,  gum  ammoniac,  myrrh,  oliba>ium, 
and  mastic  It  was  employed  as  a  strengthening 
plaster. 

OXYCUM,  Oxygen. 

OXYD,  Oxid,  Oxide,  O.ryde,  Ox'ydum,  Ox'- 
idum,  (F.)  Oxyde,  Oxvde,  Oxure,  from  o£us,  'acid.' 
A  combination,  not  acid,  of  a  simple  body  with 
oxygen. 

Oxyd,  Calculous,  Oxyd,  cystic  —  o.  Vesical, 
Oxyd,  cystic. 

Oxyd,  Cystic,  Cal'culous  or  Ves'ical  oxyd,  Cys- 
tine. Nephrine,  Scor'dosmine.  A  species  of  uri- 
nary calculus,  having  the  shape  of  confused, 
yellowish,  semi-transparent,  insipid,  very  hard 
crystals.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes  subcar- 
bonate  of  ammonia,  like  all  nitrogenized  mat- 
ters. Ii  dissolves  in  the  nitric,  sulphuric,  phos- 
phoric, and  oxalic  acids. 

OXYDA'TIOX,    Oxyda'tio,    Oxida'tion,     Oxy- 
genation.    The  action  of  oxydizing  a  body;  that 
is,  of  combining  it  with  oxygen;  a  combination 
from  which  results  an  oxyd. 
OXYDE,  Oxyd. 

OXYDE  D'AXTTMOTXE  SULFURE,  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  sulphuratum — o.  Gris  ou  voir  de  Mer- 
cure,  see  Hvdrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia,  Visits  a' cies,  from 
o|«5,  'quick,'  and  fcpicu,  'I  see.'  Sharpness  of 
vision. 

OXYDER'CICUS,    Oxyder'ces.      A   medicine 
which  sharpens  the  sight. 
OXYDORCIA,  Oxydercia. 
OXYDUM,  Oxid — o.  Antimonii  cum  phosphate 
calcis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Oxvnor  Ferri  Nigrum,  Ferri  ox'idum  ni- 
grum. Black  oxyd  of  iron.  The  scales,  which  fall 
from  iron,  when  heated,  consist  of  iron,  combined 
with  oxygen.  They  have  been  used  like  the  cha- 
lybeates  in  general.  The  Edinburgh  Pharmaco- 
poeia has  a  Ferri  ox'idum  nigrum,  made  by  pre- 
cipitating, by  ammonia,  a  solution  of  the  mixed 
sulphates  of  protoxide  and  sesquioxide  of  iron. 
An  analogous  preparation  is  in  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia, under  the  name  Ferri  ox'ydum  mag- 
uet'icnm.  Magnetic  oxide  of  iron.  Mar'tial  Ethiops. 
Oxydum  Ferricu.h  Crystallizatum  Xxti- 
viwr.  Haematites — o.  Hydrargyri  completum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrieo-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrieo-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricum  prae- 
paratum.  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — o.  Hy- 
drargyrosum,  Hvdrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

Oxydum  Stibii  Sitlpih-ra'tum,  Hepnr  anti- 
ino'nii,  Cro'cus  metallo' rum  seu  antinio'nii,  (F.) 
Oxyde  d'antimoine  sulfure.  Foie  d'Antimoine. 
This  was  formerly  exhibited  in  the  cure  of  fevers, 
but  it  is  now  rarelv  etnploved. 
OXYDUM  URICUM,  Uric  oxide. 


OXYECOIA,  Hyperacusis. 
OXYG'ALA,  from  o£uj,  'sour,'  and  yu\a,  'milk.' 
Sour  milk.  The  Oxygala  equi'num,  Caracas'  mos, 
is  reckoned  amongst  the  dtdicacies  of  the  Tartars. 
OXYG'AROX,  from  o%vs,  'acid,'  and  yapov, 
'  gain  in.'  A  composition  of  garum  and  vinegar. 
OX'YGEX,  Oxygen' ium,  Empy'real,  Pure, 
Vital  or  Dephlogis' t icated  air,  Oxyg"eues,  Ox'- 
ycum,  Priucip' ium  oxyg"euans  seu  oxygenet'icum 
seu  acidificans  seu  ac"idu/n,  Elemen'tum  acidif- 
icum,  (F.)  Oxygene,  Air  du  feu  ;  from  o$vs,  'acid,' 
and  yivvaui,  '  I  engender,'  that  is,  generator  of 
acids  ;  and  such  it  was  believed  to  be,  exclusively, 
at  the  period  when  the  name  was  given  to  it. 
This  is  now  known  not  to  be  the  case.  Oxygen 
is  largely  distributed  in  nature.  It  exists  in  the 
air,  in  water,  in  several  acids,  in  all  the  oxyds, 
and  in  vegetable  and  animal  substances,  Ac. 
It  is  obtained  by  decomposing  the  peroxyd  of 
manganese  or  the  chlorate  of  potassa  by  heat  in 
close  vessels.  Although  oxygen,  in  the  state  of 
admixture  in  which  it  is  found  in  the  atmosphere, 
is  of  vital  importance,  it  cannot  be  respired  in  a 
pure  state  with  impunity.  Animals  die  in  it  long 
before  the  whole  of  the  oxygen  is  consumed.  The 
properties  of  oxygen  seem  to  be  stimulant.  It 
increases  the  force  and  velocity  of  the  pulse,  and 
has,  accordingly,  been  used  in  cases  of  chronic 
debility,  chlorosis,  asthma,  scrofula,  dropsy,  para- 
lysis, &c.  It  requires  to  be  diluted  with  from  10 
to  20  parts  of  atmospheric  air;  one  to  two  quarts 
being  given  during  the  day. 

OXYGENATION,  Oxydation. 

OXYGEXE\  Oxygen. 

OXYGFJXESES.  A  name  given  by  Baumes 
to  diseases  which  he  attributed  to  disordered  oxy- 
genation. 

OXYGEUSIA,  Hypergeustia. 

OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'lices,  from  ofa,  'acid/ 
and  y\vKvs,  'sweet;'  Mnlsa  acida,  Ace'tum  mul- 
sum  dulce.  Prepared  by  macerating  and  boiling 
honey-comb  (from  which  the  greater  part  of  the 
honey  has  been  taken)  in  water,  and  adding  vine- 
gar     An  Oxi/mel. 

OXY-HYDRO-CARBURETUM  EX  OLEO 
PYROXYLICO  PARATUxM,  Creasote. 

OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus. 

OX'YMEL,  Apom'e/i,  Mel  aceta'tum,  (F.)  Ace- 
tomel,  fromofi'f,  'acid,'  and^tAi,  'honey.'  Honey 
and  vinegar  boiled  to  a  syrupy  consistence.  (Mel. 
despumat.  tbv,  acid,  acetic.  ,^vij,  aq.  destillat. 
fjfviij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  water  and  mix  them 
with  the  honey  previously  heated. — Ph.  L.)  It 
is  cooling;  —  externally  detergent. 

Oxymel  ^Erugixis,  Linitnentum  iEruginis. 

OXVMEL  Col'chici,  0.  of  meadow  saffron,  (F.) 
Oxymel  eolchiqne.  (Bad.  colch.  recent,  in  lami- 
nas  tenues  sectcB  ^j,  aceti  destillati  Ibj,  mellis  de- 
spumat. pond.  tbij.  Macerate  in  a  gentle  heat 
for  4S  hours.  Press  and  boil  the  liquor  with  the 
honey  to  the  thickness  of  a  syrup;  stirring  with 
a  wooden  spoon.  Ph.  D.)  It  is  expectorant  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  f  gj,  in  gruel. 

OXYMEL  CoYcHlQFE,  0.  colchici  — o.  of 
Meadow  saffron,  0.  colchici. 

Oxymel  Soiled,  O.ofsquills,  O.  Scillicit'icum, 
Mel  scillcB.  (Mel/is  despumat.  Oiss,  aceti  scillcB, 
Oij.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel  over  a.  gentle  fire  to  a 
proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  reputed  to 
be  expectorant  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^ij. 

Oxymel  of  Squill,  0.  scillae. 

OXYMYRRHINE,  Ruscus. 

OXYMYRSINE.  Ruscus. 

OXYNGIUM.  Adeps  suillus. 

OXYNI'TRON,  from  ofv?,  'acid,'  and  virpov, 
'nitre.'  Name  of  a  plaster,  composed  chiefly  of 
vinegar  and  nitre,  and  recommended  by  Aetius. 

0XYN0SEMA,  Acute  disease. 


OXYNOSOS 


PACHYDERMATOCELE 


OXYN'OSOS,  Acuta  disease. 

OXYN  USOS,   \  •  ate 

OXYO'Pl  \,  Galero'pia,  ffyperop'eia,  Sujfu'eio 

from    o$vi,    * i [nii-k ,'    end 

sive  acute-  nee  of 

inces  bare  occurred  where  persona 

-  ■■  the  -tars  in  the  day  time.     The  cense 

i  in  great  sensibility  of  the  retina.     Tbe 

term  has  been    used  synonymously  with  nycta- 

. 

OXYOSPHRE'SIA,  Oxyoephra'eia,  from  osru?, 

.'  and  -jt.'.  natf,  'smell.  Excessive  acuteneea 

t.f  th<'  sense  of  smell. 

OXYPHL  EG  M  A 'SI  A,  ofr+Xsyuavta,  (ofrj, 
•acute.'  and  e)\eyuaaiay)  Aeu'ta  et   ve'kemeHM  in- 
A  violent  inflammation. 
0XYPHO2NICON,  Tamarindus. 
OXYPHO'NIA,  Voxaen'ta;  from  ofc, 'sharp,' 
and  <p<dvti,  'voice;*  Parapho'uia  claugetu  Ben  ul- 
clango'ea,   Leptopko'nia. 
A   shrill   and    Bqnalling  voice,  —  frequently,   a 
symptom  of  morbid  affection  of  the  larynx. 
'  OXYPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
OXYPODIA.  see  Kyllosis. 
OXYPROTEIN,  see  Corium  phlogisticura. 
OXYREG'MIA,    Ructus    ae"idue,    from    ofuj, 
'sour,'  and  cpci  >u>,  '  I  belch.'     Acid  eructation. 
OXYR'IA  RENIFORM'IS,  Rumex  dig"y»*e, 
lock,  Mountain  Sorrel,    Welsh  sorrel. 
A  plant.  Ord.  Polygana  s        Sysf.  Diandria 

i.  which  grows   in    the  northern  parts  of 
i  an  1   E  trope;   blossoming  in  the  spring. 
u  -  the  same  properties  as  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella. 

OXYRRHOD'INON,  Ace'tum  roea'tnm,  from 
ofuf.  'acid,'  and  oohv.  'a  ro=e.'      A  composition 
of  vinegar  and  roses.     (01.  rosat.  ^ij,  (icet.  roeat. 
-  a  liniment  in  herpes  and  erysipelas. 
OXYS,   Add,   Acute  —  o.  Alba,  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella. 

OXYSAC'CHARDM,    from    o£»c,    'acid.'    and 
gar.'     A  mixture  of  sugar  and  vine- 
gar.     It   was  called    Oxyeaefeharum   romitt" rum, 
when  it  held   in   solution  the  glass   of  antimony: 
isac'charum  scillit'icum,  when  it  contained 
squills. 


OXYSAL     DIAPHORET'ICUM     AN'GELI 
SALJB.      A  preparation   of  Angelo  F 
tate  of  :  to  the  atmosphere  i 

consequently  fallen  into  a  state  of  deliquium. — 

Orfila. 

OXYTARTARUS,  Potasssa  acetas. 

OXYTES,  Acidities. 

OXYTOCIA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Ra- 
piditv  of  parturition. 

'  >XYT(  "  '  1 1 '.  ' '  •  >/t'ocn*,  from  o£u?,  '  quick,'  and 
rtrrw,  '  I  bring  forth."  A  medicine  which  pro- 
motes delivery. 

OXYTRIPHYLLON,  Oxalis  aeetosella. 

OXTURE  VERMICULAIRE,  Asearis  ver- 
mirulnris. 

OXYURIS  VERMICULARIS,  Asearis  rermi- 
eularis. 

OYSTER  GREEN,  Ulva  latissima  — o.  Root, 
Tragopogon —  o.  Shells,  Ostreje  testa? —  o.  Pre- 
pared. Testa  prssparata. 

OZ.F/XA,  Ooryun.  enton'iea  seu  purulen'ta  sen 
ou&no'ta  sen  ulcero'en  Ben  virvlen'ta  sen  m'i/i>f'- 
iin.  Pyorrka'a  nasa'lie,  Entoaa'na,  Rhiui'tie  ulve- 
t'/citf)  na'rium  fcetena,  from  o£w,  'I  smell 
of  something.'  (F.)  Ozene,  Punaim'e.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  pituitary  membrane,  which- pi 
casion  to  a  disagreeable  odour  similar  to  that  of 
a  crushed  bed-bug:  hence  the  name  Punai;  by 
which  the  French  designate  one  labouring  under 
osssna.  It  is.  sometimes,  owing  to  caries  of  the 
bones:  but  is,  perhaps,  most  frequently  depend- 
ent upon  syphilitic  ulceration  of  the  pituitary 
membrane,  wdth  or  without  caries  of  the  bones 
of  the  nose. 

Oz.ena  Benigxa,  Corysa,  chronic. 

OZE,  Breath,  offensive. 

OZEMUN,  Albumen. 

OZEXE,  Osssna. 

OZONE:  same  etymon  as  Oznena.  The  pow- 
erfully odorous  matter  produced  when  a  current 
of  ordinary  electricity  passes  from  pointed  bodies 
into  the  air. — Schonbein.  It  is  presumed  to  be 
a  peculiar  modification  of  oxygen  :  and  its  vary- 
ing quantity  in  the  atmosphere  is  supposed  to 
affect  the  health  of  man. 

Air  containing  ozone  is  said  to  be  oz'onized. 


V.  A  contraction  of  Pugillu*.       "1 
P.  SL    A    contraction    of  1'nrtes  j    -^     *bv„ 
tfOuaUe. 

T>     i  »•  r     r>    ;    •  Vlatlon. 

P.  P.    A    contraction    of    Pnlvis 

patrum.  J 

PAB'TJLUM,  Tropki,  Pkorbi,  AUmen'tum,  2tV 

I  turn.      Pood,  aliment      The   <tnlm<ii  heat 

mal  npiriix — unmeaning  terms — were  for- 

msidered  the  Pabulum  vita. 

PAC  W.  IV  «  ipis  do 

PACCHIO'NI,    OLANDS    OF,    Paeehio'nian 

'dnla  hi/rip  Matria  seu  dura  Menin'- 

<pi.  Tuber* cula  parva  s.ui  Oor'pora  glandi/or'mia 

durmmatrit,  (F.)  Qlandee de  Paeehioui,  Oranula- 

tfcm  ttribral**.      Small,   whitish,   or   yellowish 

ite,  at   other-  united  like 

a  banc  t,  which  are  onsen  ed  in  • 

t  ira  and  pia  mater.     Tbey  i 

.  l>.>t  apparently  no  nerves.    Their  texture 

an  1  uses  are  unknown.     A  considerable  number 

rved  in  the  longitudinal  sinus,  covered  by 

the  internal  membrane. 


PACHJS'MIA,  Pachy&'mia,  Pachm'ma,  Pa- 
chyet'ma,  from  -n-^y;,  '  thick,'  and  'aifia,  '  blood. 
Too  <rreat  thickness  of  the  blood. 

PACHEABLEPHAR0'SI8,  Packeablepk'ara, 
PachybUph'aron,  Paehyblepharo'nie,  Pa  eh' y  tee, 
from  wajfVf,  'thick,'  and  (iXt^upov.  'an  eyelid.' 
A  name  given,  by  some   authors,  to  a  thickening 

of  the  eyelids,  produced  by  tubercles  or  i 

formed  on  their  margins.     It  i*  the  same 
affection    a>  that  which    Sauvagei   d^- 
It' go  d  Paeheablepharo'ei, 

1'  LCHETOS,  see  Laqueus. 

PACHULOSIS,  Pachylosis. 

PACHYiEMIA,  PaobsBmia. 

P  iCHYBLEPH  IRON,  Pacheablepbai 

PACHYCHOL'IA,    from    **xes,  'thick,'  and 

Xu\n.  'bile.'      Morbid  thickness  of  the 

l'  \'il  v  0  i:  i;  M  \  TOCE'LB,  from  -<\'c 

'thick,'  itpua,  Itoum*.,  'skin.'  and  «c-  \tU  'a  tu- 
mour. A  disease  of  the  dermoid  tissue,  apparently 
congenital,  which  Increases  from  a  small  mole  or 


PACHYLOSIS 


670 


PAINT 


spot,  at  times  to  the  size  and  appearance  of  a  re- 
laxed and  very  emaciated  mamma. — V.  Mott. 
PA.CRYL0'SIS,Pachnlo'8h,frovairaxvs,tth\ek.' 

An  inordinate  production  of  the  epidermis  depen- 
dent upon  hypertrophy  of  the  papillae  of  the  skin. 
—  !•:.  Wilson. 

PACUYNSIS,  Polvsarcia  adiposa. 
PACHYNTTCA,  Incrassantia. 
PACHYSMUS,  Polvsarcia,  adiposa. 
PACHYTES,  Pacheahlepharosis. 
PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpuscles. 
PACKING,    OF    THE    HYDROPATHISTS ; 
H  maillot  age. 

PACKWAX,  see  Nucha. 

PAD,  (S.)  Pajado, t'vom  paja,  'straw'  [?]  ;    Plu- 
tnace'olus,   Pidvil'lns,   Pulvin'ulus,    Parvum   pul- 
vi'nar  ; — a  cushion,  a  little  cushion  ;  a  junk  ;  (F.) 
Conssinet.      A   small    bag,    filled    with    feathers, 
wool,  hair,  bran,  chaff,  <fcc.     It  is  used  to  com- 
press or  support  parts.     In  the  treatment  of  cer- 
tain   fractures,  soft  pads  or  cushions,  called  by 
the  French  Rempliesages,  are  placed  between  the 
splints  and  the  fractured  limb,  in  order  that  the 
prominent  parts  may  not  be  chafed  by  the  splints. 
PADDIE,  see  Oryza. 
PADDY,  see  Oryza. 
PADNOON,  Bit  nohen. 

PAD'UA,  xMINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Padua,  in  Italy,  there  are  several  thermal  sul- 
phureous springs,  the  hottest  of  which  is  188° 
Fahr.  The  chief  establishments  are  Abano,  Bat- 
taglia.  and  Montegrotto. 

PAD  US,  Prunus  padus  —  p.  Avium,  Prunus 
padus — p.  Lauro-ce_rasus,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

P^EDAN'CHONE,  from  ™<f,  Ta«W,  'a  child,' 
and  ayX"*>  'I  strangle;'  Angi'na  Sicca.  Name 
of  a  fatal  species  of  cynanche,  mentioned  by  M. 
A.  Severinus;  probably  the  Cynanche  Trachealis, 
or  Cynanche  Maligna. 

P /EDARTHROCACE,  Spina  ventosa. 
PiEDATROPH'IA,   Atrophia   infan'tilis,   Ma- 
ras'nnis  btctan'tium,  from   7r«t?,   naiSos,  'a  child,' 
a.  privative,  and  rpo<pr),  'nourishment.'     Atrophy 
of  children.     Tabes  mesenterica. 

P -edatrophia  Glandulosa,  Scrofula. 
P^EDERAS'TIA,  Po-dogo'gium,  P&dica'tio, 
Chxe'dia,  from  raig,  nai6os,  'a  boy,'  and  tpws, 
'  love.'  The  love  of  boys.  A  disgraceful  passion, 
common  in  ancient  times,  but  now  unknown. 
These  terms  are  likewise  applied  to  the  crime  of 
sodomy. 

P^EDEROTA  YIRGINICA,  Leptandra  vir- 
giniea. 

P  .EDEN  CEP  HAL  IE,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
tern us. 

P.EDFA,  Taihua,  Ediica'tio  infan'tum.  The 
bringing  up  or  education  —  physical  as  well  as 
moral  —  of  children. 

P^EDIATRI'A,  Pcediat'rica.  Padiat'rics,  from 
irats,  -raiSoc,  'a  child,'  and  larpcia,  'medical   man- 
agement.'   Treatment  of  the  diseases  of  children.' 
^P.EDICATIO,  Paederastia. 
PjED  ICTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 
PiEDOBAROM ACROMETER,  Baromacro- 
meter. 

P.EDOGOGIUM,  Prederastia. 
P.E DO  METER,  Baromacrometer. 
P/EDON'OSUS,  from    ™tf,    iraihtx;,  'a   child/ 
and  viitoc,  'disease.'     A  disease  of  childhood. 

P.EDOPHLEBOTOMTA.  from  *aiS,  ™i<5o?,  'a 
child.'  >p\t\p,  '  a  vein,'  and  roprj,  '  incision.'  Vence- 
sec'tin  pnero'rum.  Bleeding  performed  on  chil- 
dren. 

P^EDOT'RIBES,  Min'ister  Gymnas'ttp,  from 
rraiSt  ratios,  'a  child,'  and  rpt/3u»,  'I  train.'  In 
ancient  gymnastics,  the  officer  acquainted  with 
ail  the  prescribed  "exercises,  and  who  carried 
them  into  effect,  according  to  the  direction  of  the 
superior. 


PiEDOT'ROPIIY,   Padotroph'ia,    (F.)   Pedo- 
trophic,    from    nan,    xaiftos,   'a   child,'  and   Tpo<pr], 
'nourishment.'     The  part  of  hygiene,  which  con- 
cerns the  nourishment  of  children. 
PiEON.  Physician. 

PiEO'NIA,  P.  officinalis  seu  maa'cnla  seu  ne- 
mora'lia  sen  fem'ina  seu  loba'ta,  Glycis'ide,  Haj- 
m  a  go' gum,   Pe'ony,  or   Pi'ony,   male  and  female. 
(F.)  Pivoine,    Pione,    Herbe    Saiute-Jiose.      From 
Hclkov,  '  the  god  of  physic.'     The  root,  flowers, 
and  seeds  were  long  esteemed  powerful  medicines. 
They  are  feebly  astringent,  and  hhv*  been  con- 
sidered to  be  narcotic  and  antisp^srnjdm-     They 
have   been    given,  particularly,  in   VJa mittents 
and  epilepsy,  but  are  not  now  u?ed.     fj  ,  flowers 
are  called  Ilosap.  benedic'taz,  li.  re'gi / . 
PiEONICE,  Medicine. 
PiEONICUS,  Medical. 
P^ONIUS,  Medical. 
P/EOSYNE.  Medicine 

PAGAPOPLEX'IA,  from  naym;  'to  nail  fast/ 
and  aroTr\r)£ta,  'apoplexy.'     Apoplexy  from  cold. 
PAGOS,  Peritongeum. 
PAIDIA.  Infancy. 
PAIDION,  Infans. 
PAIGIL,  Primula  veris. 

PAIN,  (old  F.)  painer,  'to  torment;'  Sax. 
pman,  '  to  torture.'  Dolor,  Algos,  Alge'ma,  Al- 
ge'do,  Ahfe'sis,  Od'yne,  Ache,  (Sc.)  Hachse, 
(Prov.)  Crazy,  Work,  (F.)  Douleur.  A  disa- 
greeable sensation,  which  scarcely  admits  of  de- 
finition. It  is  generally  symptomatic,  and  is 
called  acute,  (F.)  aigue,  when  very  violent,  as  a 
twinge  ;  pungent,  (F. )  pongitive,  when  it  resem- 
bles that  which  would  be  produced  by  a  sharp 
instrument  run  into  the  part:  heavy,  (F.)  grava- 
tive,  when  attended  with  a  sensation  of  weight; 
tensive,  when  the  part  seems  distended:  lan'cina- 
ting,  when  occurring  in  shoots :  lac"erating  or 
tearing,  when  the  part  seems  to  be  tearing:  burn- 
ing, (F.)  brulante,  when  resembling  that  produced 
by  a  burn,  <fcc. 

Pain,  Sun,  Hemicrania. 

PAIN,  see  Triticum — p.  d  Coucou,  Oxalis  ace- 
tosella  —  p.  de  Madagascar,  Jatropha  manihot — 
p.  de  Pourceau,  Cyclamen. 

PAINS,  AFTER,  see  P.  labour. 
Pains,    Gnawing,    Dolo'res  roden'tes.      Pains 
resembling  what  might  be  produced  by  the  gnaw- 
ing of  an  animal. 

Pains,  Labour  pains,  Throes,  Throws,  Partu- 
rien'tis  dolo'res,  Odin,  Odis,  Dolo'res  ad  partum, 
Torm'ina  parturien'tium,  (F.)  Mai  rf' Enfant,  Dou* 
leurs.  The  uneasy  sensations  that  accompany 
labour,  and  are  owing  to  uterine  contraction. 
The  pains  that  precede  actual  delivery,  and  are 
simply  employed  in  dilating  the  os  uteri,  are 
called  grinding ;  those  which  extrude  the  child, 
forcing.  Those  which  take  place  in  the  first 
days  after  delivery,  and  are  employed  in  forcing 
away  coagula,  &c,  are  termed  After  pains,  Do- 
lo'res seu  Tormina  post  partum,  D.  puerpera'rum, 
(F.)   Tranches  uteri nes. 

"To  take  a  pain."  —  "To  try  a  pain/'  —  is  to 
make  an  examination  pervaginam,  during  labour, 
to  discover  its  progress,  character,  &c. 

The  French  term  the  pains,  which  precede  and 
announce  labour,  nuaiches ;  those  which  accom- 
pany it,  douleurs  ;  and  those  which  occur  imme- 
diately afterwards,  tranchees  ou  coliques. 

PAINT,  (from  pingere,  pinctum,  'to  paint,'  (I.) 
pinto,  (F.)  peint ;)  Pigmen'tum,  Fucus,  (F.)  Ford. 
A  name  given  to  different  substances,  employed 
for  embellishing  the  complexion  or  rendering  the 
skin  softer.  The  substances  most  commonly  used 
for  this  purpose  are: — the  Subnitrate  of  Bismuth, 
(F.)  Blanc  de  fard.  A  spirituous  solution  of 
benzoin,  precipitated  by  water,  and  forming  Vir- 
gin's milk,  (F.)  Lait  virginal /  the  red  or  rouge 


P  A  L  A  D 


''.7  1 


r.\  LA  To-  I'll  A  I!  TNGIEN 


of  the  earthamus  :  Spanish  10*1*10  ;  the  oxide-  of 
lead,  tin,  and  mercury,  vermilion,  red  saunders, 

I  paints  may  he  said  to  be  noxious.    Ibej 
Injure  tin-  skin  ;  obstruct  perspiration  :  and,  thus, 

tly  lav  the  foundation  for  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    See  Cosmetic. 

Paiht,  1mm  w.  Hydrastis  Canadensis,  Sangui- 
rari:i   Canadensis  —  p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis  Cana- 

B. 

P  \l,  \D.  Vertex. 

p  ILJESTR  v.  Gymnasium. 

/'  1  /.MS.  Palate. 

PAL  \MI-:.  Palm. 

P  ILATAL,  Palatine. 

PALATE,  Pala'tum,  Hypero'a,  Hypericum, 
Crmi is'cos,  Roof  of  the  month,  Fossa  Palati'na, 
Palatn  Hard  Palate,  (P.)  Palais.     The 

upper  part  of  the  cavity  of  tlie  mouth  ;  a  kind  of 
parabolic  vault,  formed  by  the  two  superior  max- 
illary bones,  and  the  two  palate  bones,  covered 
with  a  thick  and  dense  mucous  membrane: 
bounded,  before  and  at  the  sides,  by  the  Bupericr 
dental  arch  ;  and,  behind,  by  the  velum  palati. 
A  whitish  line  runs  aiong  the  middle,  from  be- 
behind  :  at  the  anterior  extremity  of  which 
i-  1  tubercle  corresponding  to  the  inferior  orifice 
nt"  the  anterior  palatine  canal.  The  arteries  of 
the  palate  and  corresponding  gums  proceed  from 
the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitar,  labial,  and 
buecal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a  similar 
Bourse.  The  nerves  are  given  off  from  the  pala- 
tine, facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and 
from  the  naso-palatine  ganglion. 

Palate,  Artipic"ial,  (F.)  Obturateur  du  Pa- 
\   plate  of  tortoise-shell,   silver,   <fcc,  used 
to  close  a  deficiency  of  the  palate. 

Palati  Bone,  Os  Pala'ti  sen  basila're,  (F.) 
Ot  Palatin  ou  du  Palate,  is  a  small  bone,  of  an 
irregular  shape,  situate  at.  the  posterior  part  of 
sal  fossae  and  palate.  It  seems  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  bony  plates  joined  at  right  an- 
to  each  other;  so  that  one  is  inferior  and 
horizontal;  —  the  other,  superior  anil  vertical. 
The  horizontal  or  palatine  portion,  Arch  of  the 
palate,  is  quadrilateral.  Its  upper  surface  forms 
pari  <>f  the  nasal  fossae;  the  lower  forms  part  of 
the  palatine  arch,  and  contains  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  posterior  palatine  canal.  Its  anterior  edge 
is  articulated  with  the  palatine  process  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bone;  the  posterior  is  free 
and  sharp.  It  gives  attachment  to  the  velum 
palati.  and  presents  an  eminence,  which,  when 
joined  with  one  on  the  opposite  side,  forms  the 
or  nasal  spine.  Its  inner  edge  is  articu- 
lated with  the  corresponding  bone;  its  outer  is 
confounded  with  the  vertical  portion.  The  ver- 
tical or  ascending  portion  has  the  form  of  a  long 
square.  The  inner  surface  forms  part  of  the 
outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae.  It-'  outer  sur- 
nnequal,  and  is  articulated  with  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  hone;  behind,  it  presents  a  verti- 
cal groove,  which  forms  part  of  the  posterior 
palatine  canal;  and.  above,  a  small  free  surface, 
which  looks  into  the  zygomatic  fossa.  Its  ante- 
Ige  is  united  with  the  superior  maxillary 
bnne;  the  posterior  is  unequal,  and  rests  on  the 
Internal  al a  of  the  pterygoid  process.  The  angle, 
which  it  forms  by  uniting  with  the  posterior  edge 
"!'  th-  horizontal  portion,  presents  a  very  promi- 
nent pyramidal  eminence,  called  the  tuberosity  of 
t'i>  palate  hour.  Its  upper  margin  is  surmounted 
by  two  eminences; — the  one,  anterior,  called  the 
orbitar  process;  —  the  other  posterior,  the  sphe- 
n»iH  jn-nrrn.,.      These  two  proc  -parated 

by  an  almost  circular  notch,  which  the  sphenoid 
hone  forms  into  a  foramen,  called  the  spheno- 
palatine. 

This  hone  appears  to  be  developed  from  a  sin- 
gle point  of  ossification.     It  is  articulated  with 


the  Bphenoid,  ethmoid,  the  cornua  sphenoidal 
superior  maxillary  hone,  the  inferior  spongj  hone, 
the  vomer,  and  its  fellow. 

Palate,  Cli  i  r,  see  Harelip — p.  Falling  down 
<d'  the,  1'vulitis  —  p.  Fissured,  see  Harelip  —  p. 
Hard,  Palate — p.  Soft,  Velum  pendulum  pa  ati. 

PAL'ATINE,    Pal' at  a  I,    Pah  ti'uus,    Pal'atie, 
from   palatum,  'the  palate.'      Relating  or  bel 
ing  to  the   palate. 

PALA1  im:  or  PalAI  IL  ART1  1:11  B  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  distinguished  into.  1.  The 
superior  palatal  or  palatine,  Palati'na  •■'■ 
dens  or  Pll'ato-max'illary,  which  leaves  the  in- 
ternal maxillary  behind  the  top  of  the  orbit  j  de- 
1  scends  into  the    ptery  go-in  axillary   fissure,   and 

enters  the  posterior  maxillary  canal.  Its  branches 
arc  distributed  to  the  velum  palati  and  the  nasal 
2.  The  inferior  or  ascending  palatine  or 
palatal,  which  is  very  small,  and  separates  from 
the  facial  near  its  origin.  It  passes  along  the 
lateral  and  superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  b 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  and  divi  les  into 
a  number  of  ramusculi,  whicb  are  distributed  to 
the  pharynx,  the  corresponding  tonsil,  the  Eus- 
tachian tube,  and  the  velum  palati. 

Palatine  Cabals  or  Ddcts.  These  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior,  Ductus  ineisi'vus  sen 
Nasa'lo-palati'nus,  luci'sive  coital,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  is 
formed  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones.  It 
is  single  beneath,  but  opens  above  by  two  aper- 
tures, one  into  each  nasal  fossa.  The  foramen  is 
called  Fora'men  incisi'vum  sen  Palati'nnm  aute'- 
rius  seu  Alveola' re  ante'rius  seu  cceeum  ossis 
maxilla' ris  euperio'ris.  The  posterior  palatine 
canal  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  palate. 
It  is  formed  by  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary 
bones,  ascends  between  these  two  bones,  and,  in 
its  course,  gives  rise  to  two  or  three  small  acces- 
sory palatine  canals,  which  open  above  the  tuber- 
osity of  the  palate  bone.  It  transmits  the  nerves 
and  vessels  which  bear  its  name.  The  foramen 
is  called,  F.  Palati'nnm  poste'rius  seu  Palato- 
maxillary sen  alveola' re  poste'rius.  . 

Palatini:  M EM BRANE  is  the  fibro-mucous  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  palate  or  roof  of  the  mouth. 

Palatink  or  Palatal  Nerves,  Outturo-pala- 
tins  (Ch.),  are  three  in  number:  and  arise  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 
1.  The  great  palatine,  Palatin  inffrieur  (Ch.), 
is  situate  anteriorly  to  the  two  others,  and  de- 
scends into  the  posterior  palatine  canal ;  gives  ;v 
nasal  filament  and  a  staphyline  filament,  and  is 
distributed  on  the  palate.  2.  The  middle  jiala- 
tine,  Guttural  (Ch.),  which  arises  behind  the  pre- 
ceding, enters  one  of  the  accessory  palatine  ca- 
nals, and  is  distributed  to  the  tonsils  and  velum 
palati.  3.  The  little  palatine  nerve,  situate  .-till 
more  backward  than  the  last,  which  loses  itself 
by  several  filaments  in  the  uvula,  tonsils,  and  fol- 
licles of  the  palatine  membrane. 

PALATITK.  Isthmitis. 

PALATITIS,   I'ranisconitis. 

PALAT0-GL0S8US,  01  nsssstsphy  linns. 

PALATI  >-PHARYNG  E  US,  Pharyn'go-staphy- 
li'nns,  Staphyli' no-pharyngeus,  Thyro-pharytt'go- 
staphyli'nus,  part  of  the  ffypero-pharyngens,  (F.) 
Palato-pharyngien,  Stylo-pharyngien  (Ch.).  A 
membranous  muscle,  broader  at  it^  middle  than 

at  its  extremities,  ami  situate  vertically  in  the 
lateral  paries  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  palati. 
It  includes  the  pcri-taphylo-pharvnireiis,  pha- 
ryniro- staphvlinus,  and  thyro  -  staphylinus  of 
Winslow.  When  the  two  palato-phnryngei  con- 
tract together,  they  depress  the  velum.  'I '1  ey 
elevate  and  shorten  the  pharynx,  and  art  princi- 
pally in  deglutition. 

PA  LA  TO  I'll  Ml  TNGIEN,    Palato-pharya- 


PALATOSTAPIIYLIXI 


G72 


PALMAR 


geus —  p.  Salpingeus,  Circumflexus — p.  Salpin- 
ijicn,  Circumflexus. 

PALATOSTAPHTLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle. 

PALATUM    PISSUM,    Hyperoochasma,    see 

JTarelip — p.  Mobile,  Velum  pendulum  palati — p. 
Molle,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  p.  Pendulum, 
Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PALE,  Pollen. 

PALENESS,  Pallor,  OcV  rotes,  Ochro'ma, 
Ochri'asis,  Leuco'sis,  Denlba'tio,  Luror,  (F.) 
Pdleur.  Whiteness  of  complexion.  It  appears 
to  be  owing  to  a  diminution  or  alteration  of  the 
blood  circulating  in  the  capillary  vessels,  and  is 
often  a.  sign  of  disease. 

PALES  COULEURS,  Chlorosis. 

PALETTE  (F.),  Pal'mula,  Fer'ula.  An  in- 
strument of  percussion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
spatula  with  a  long  handle  ;  is  made  of  very  light, 
white  wood,  and  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr.  Percy, 
for  what  is  called  the  Massage,  a  kind  of  pressure 
or  kneading,  exerted  by  the  hand  on  the  body 
and  limbs,  to  excite  the  tone  of  the  skin  and  sub- 
jacent tissues. 

Palette  also  means  a  cup  for  bleeding;  and  the 
xiphoid  cartilage  [?]. 

PALETTE  A  PANSEMENT.  A  small  splint 
of  thin,  scooped  wood,  having  the  shape  of  the 
hand,  and  used  to  support  the  hand  in  certain 
cases — when  burnt,  for  example — in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  fingers  from  being  deformed  by  the  cica- 
trices. 

PALETTE  BE  CABAXTS.  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Cabanis  of  Geneva  to  draw  out  the 
extremity  of  the  stylet  when  passed  into  the  nose, 
in  the  operation  for  fistula  lacrymalis.  It  is 
composed  of  two  plates  of  silver,  pierced  with 
several  holes,  and  movable  on  each  other.  To 
use  it,  the  instrument  must  be  carried  into  the 
nose,  so  that  the  holes  of  the  two  plates  corres- 
pond. When  the  end  of  the  stylet  is  received 
into  one  of  these  holes,  it  is  pinched,  by  sliding 
one  of  the  plates  on  the  other,  and  is  easily  with- 
drawn. 

PAL  EUR,  Paleness. 

PALI  PLAGUE,  see  Plague. 

PALICOU'REA  CROC'EA,  Psycho'tria 
croc"ea,  Order,  Cinchonaceae,  a  native  of  the 
West  Indies,  is  possessed,  according  to  Von  Mar- 
tius,  of  emetic  properties. 

Palicourea  Marcgraa'vit,  Erva  do  rato,  Gal- 
ra'nia  Vellozii,  a  native  of  Brazil,  is  poisonous, 
and  employed  there  to  kill  rats  and  mice. 

Palicourea  Officina/lts.  a  native  of  Brazil, 
is  reputed  to  be  a  powerful  diuretic  in  small 
doses. 

Palicourea  Specio'sa,  Goldshmb,  a  native  of 
New  Granada  and  Brazil.  The  leaves  are  consi- 
dered to  be  antisyphilitic.  The  decoction  in  large 
doses  is  poisonous. 

PALILLO,  Campomanesia  lineatifolia. 

PALIMPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PALIXCOTESIS.  Recrudescentia. 

PALINDROME,  Palindroraia. 

PALINDROM'IA,  Palin' drome,  from  valiv, 
'again/  and  Spofiog,  'a  course.'  This  word  signi- 
fies, with  some,  a  reflux  of  fluids  from  the  exte- 
rior towards  the  interior  ;  and,  according  to  others, 
the  relapse  of  an  affection — the  recurrence — Re- 
cnr'sio,  Repetit"io — of  a  paroxysm,  or  disease, — 
Morbus  recidi'vus,  Morbi  recur'  sus. 

PALINGENESIS,  Regeneration. 

PALL  A,  Pila. 

PALLAT.  Vertex. 

PALLTA'TION,  Pallia'tio,  from  palliare,  pal- 
tiatnm,  'to  cover,  mask  ;'  from  pallium,  'a  man- 
tle.' The  act  of  palliating  —  that  is.  of  causing 
the  symptoms  of  a  disease  to  mitigate,  without 


curing  it.  The  medical  art  can  frequently  only 
moderate  the  symptoms  of  a  disease,  prevent  it 
from  making  progress,  prolong  the  days  of  the 
patient,  and  diminish  his  sufferings.  This  is 
palliative  treatment,  (F.)  Traitement pnlliatif. 

¥  Ali'lAAYIW, Pall  iati'vus,Anti path' ic.Enan- 
tiopath'ic,  (F.)  Palliatif.     A  remedy  or  mode  of 
treatment,  which  only  relieves  a  disease,  without 
curing  it.     The  palliative  treatment — Cura  }><<l- 
liati'va,   is   placed   in    antithesis   to   the   radical, 
Cura  radica'lis  ;   see  Radical. 
PALLIDULUS,  Blafard. 
PALLIDUS  MORBUS,  Chlorosis. 
PALLOR,  Paleness  —  p.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 
PALM,  Palma,  va^afir},  Vola,  V.  man  fa,  Plate' a, 
Thenar,  Ages,  Agos'tus,   Poc'nlum,   Pat'era,   Su- 
pellex    seu    Supcllec'tile    Diog"enia,  (F.)   Panme 
ou  Creux  de  la  main.     The  hollow  or  inside  of 
the  hand.     It  is  limited,  without,  by  the  thenar 
eminence,  which  answers  to  the  thumb;   rcithin, 
by  the  hypothenar  eminence,  which  answers  to 
the  little  finger;  above,  by  the  wrist-joint;  and, 
below,  by  the  four  fingers. 
Palm,  Gomiito,  see  Toddv. 
PALMA    CHRISTI,    Ricinus    communis  — p. 
Cocos,  Cocos  nucifera — p.  Dactylifera,  Date  tree 
— p.  Humilis,  Musa  paradisiaca — p.  Indica  vina- 
ria  secunda,  see  Toddy — p.  Unguentariorum,  My- 
robalanus. 

PALM.E  U'TERI  PLICA'T^,  Arbor  vita 
uteri'nus,  A.  n'teri  viv'ificans.  The  arborescent 
striae  in  the  interior  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

PALMAIRE,   Palmar— 79.   CutanS,   Palmaris 
brevis — p.  Grand,  Palmaris  magnus — p.  Grtle, 
'  Palmaris  longus — p.  Long,  Palmaris  longus. 

PALMAR,    Palma' fie,   (F.)   Palmaire,   from 
j  palma,    '  the    palm   of   the    hand.'     That    which 
j  concerns  the  palm  of  the  hand.     The  palm  has, 
j  sometimes,  been  divided  into  three  regions,  called 
palmar.     I.   The  external  palmar  region   corres- 
ponds to  the  thenar  eminence.     2.  The  internal 
palmar  region  is  formed  by  the  hypothenar  emi- 
nence :  and,  3.   The  middle  palmar  region  is  the 
hollow  of  the  hand,  (F.)  Creux  de  la  main. 

Palmar  Aponeurosis,  Palmar  fan'cia.  A 
strong  triangular  aponeurosis,  which  arises  from 
the  inferior  tendon  of  the  palmaris  brevis,  and 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It 
covers  the  whole  palm  of  the  hand,  and  adheres, 
somewhat  strongly,  to  the  skin  of  the  part.  The 
palmar  ligaments  are  small,  very  numerous, 
fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  different  bones  of 
the  carpus  and  metacarpus. 

Palmar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  ou  Crosses  pal- 
maires.  The  curved  extremities  of  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries  in  the  palm  of  the  hand.  There 
are  two  palmar  arches  :  — ■  the  one,  cubital  or  su- 
perficial,— grande  Arcade  palmaire  of  Chaussier, 
furnishes,  at  its  convexity  towards  the  fingers, 
the  collateral  arteries  of  the  fingers,  and  the  in- 
ternal collateral  of  the  thumb;  the  other,  the 
radial,  profound,  or  deep-seated, — petite  Arcade 
palmaire  of  Chaussier,  is  deep  in  the  palm  of  the 
hand  beneath  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles 
of  the  fingers.  It  gives  some  small  branches 
only  to  the  surrounding  parts.  The  palmar  veins 
accompany  the  corresponding  arteries. 

Palmar  Arteries,  see  Palmar  arches  —  p. 
Fascia,  P.  aponeurosis. 

Palmar  Muscles.  These  are  three  in  num- 
ber. 1.  Palma'ri8  Magnus,  Flexor  carpi  radia'lis, 
Radia'lis  intern'us,  (F.)  Epitrochlo-metacarpien 
(Ch.),  Palmaire  grand,  Radial  anterieur.  A  long 
fusiform  muscle,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  second  metacarpal  bone.  It  bends 
the  hand.  2.  Palmaris  longus,  Latescen'tis  chorda, 
Ulna'ris   grac"ili8,    (F.)    Epitrochlo-  carpi  -pal- 


PALMARIS    BREVIS 


GTS 


PAMPINIFORM    PLEXUS 


maire(<  lire  long,  P.  rjre/e.   This  muscle 

is  situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  but.     It  is  very 
■tender,  and  passes  from  the  inner  tuberosity  of 

the  humerus  to  the  anterior  annular  ligament   of 
the  carpus, and  to  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  which 
mii  by  tbe  vanishing  of  its  fibn  s.    1' 
stretches  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  and  bends  the 
hand.    3.  Palmarit  Brevie,  Caro  quadra'ta,  Car- 
.    i  F.)    Palmaire    cutanf.     A    small,    thin, 
iteral   muscle;    situate  before  the  thenar 
eminence.      It    passes    from  the  annular  ligament 
of  tin  carpus  t«»  the  integuments  of  the  palm  of  I 
the  haul,  which  it  wrinkles  by  its  contraction. 
PALVAE  VEINS,  see  Palmar  arches. 
PALMARIS   BREVIS,  see  Palmar  muscles  — 
gus,  see  Palmar  muscles  —  p.  Magnus,  see 
Palmar  inu- 

PALMETTO,  SAW.  Chamserops  serratula. 
PALMI-PHALANGIENS,  Lumbrioales  ma- 
nus. 

PALMISTRY,  Chiromancy. 
PALMOSCOP'IA,   from    *a\uos,  'palpitation,' 
and  Vfoxaa,  '  I  view.'     Investigation  of  the  beat- 
tbe  heart  and  pulse.     Prognosis  from  the 
-  of  the  heart  and  pulse. 
P ALMV LA,  Date.  Palette. 
PALM  US,  Palpitation— p.  Cordis,   Palpitation 
—  p.   Plumharius,   Colic,   metallic  —  p.  Vomitus, 

PALo  DE  CALENTURAS,  Calenturas— p.  de 
Galactodendron  utile  —  p.  de  Velas,  Par- 
mentiera  cerifera. 

PM.nMMIER.  Gaultheria, 
PALOS  DE  CALENTURA,  Cinchona. 
PALPA'TION,   from  pa/pare,  palpatum,   (F.) 
.  •  to  feel.'     The  sense  of  touch.      It  is  also 
r  the  mode  of  exploring  diseases  by  feeling 
seased  organ.     A  delicate 
and  discriminating  touch  —  tactua  erttdi'tua —  is 
important  in  the  diagnoses  of  many  morhid  con- 
ditions. 

PAL'PEBRA,  supposed   to  he  from  palpitare, 

Ipitate,'  owing   to   its  frequent  motion.  [?] 

.    i )p<  r'citlum   seu   Cooper' culitm    oc'ufi, 

Eyeli  '.  -    .      Ee-winlcer,  (F.) 

■  re.  The  eyelids  are  two  movable  vela, 
situate  in  front  of  the  eye:  which  by  their  sepa- 
ration permit  the  organ  to  receive  the  inn 

of  light,  or  by  their  greater  or  less  occlusion  pro- 
tect  it  from  the  influence  of  too  great  light,  or 
from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies.  They  are 
separated,  above,  from  the  forehead,  hy  the  eye- 
:.  below,  are  confounded  with  the 
cheeks.  They  are  distinguished  into  upper,  Pal- 
pebra  major  seu  auperior,  Epicm'lia —  and  lower, 
u  inferior,  Hypocie'lia,  Hypo- 
cce'lttm,  Hypoc'ylnm.  The  former  is  much  broader 
and  more  movable  than  the  latter.  They  are 
separated  by  a  transverse  cleft  —  Fiaan'ra  palpe- 
brarum—  and  their  edges  are  thick,  and  furnished 
with  the  cilia  or  eyelashes.  Supported  by  the 
tarsal  cartilages,  they  unite  at  the  extren 
the  transverse  diameter  of  the  orbit,  forming  two 
angles,  the  innermost  being  called  the  greater 
-  inner  or  greater  canthtta  ;  the 
other,  the  leaaer,  <<r  external  angle  or  canthtta. 
They  are  formed,  1.  Of  a  thin  dermoid  texture  : 
I.  Of  a  muscular  membrane,  —  a  portion  of  the 
aris;  3.  Of  a  particular  fibrous  membrane: 
4.  Of  the  tarsi:  5.  Of  a  mucous  membrane,  —  a 
part  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva. 

vessels  and  nerves  are  called  Palpebral. 
Palpied  \   Inferior   Ei  rnonsi  m   Pi  bi  ^,  Se- 
milunaris. 

PALPBBRA    SUPERIORIS    PRIMUS,  Lc- 

raperioris. 
I  A  I.  PEBRAL,    Palpebra'lie,   from  palpebra, 
'the  eyelid.'     That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 

■  el  id. 
43 


Palpebral  Artsrisi  are  those  distributed  to 

ids.  They  are  two  in  numher  :  an  upper 
and  a  loin  r.  The  former  arises  from  the  oph- 
thalmic, a  little  beyond  the  cartilaginous  pulley 
of  the  greater  oblique  muscle,  and  descends  to- 
wards the  upper  eyelid,  over  which  it  is  distri- 
buted. The  latter  arises  at  the  side  of.  and  a 
little  behind,  the  preceding,  and  sends  its  rami- 
fications to  the  lower  eyelid  and  the  neighbouring 
parts.  The  palpebral  veins  have  a  similar  ar- 
rangement ;  except  that  some  Of  them  open  into 
the  temporal  and  labial  veins. 

Palpbbral  Flux,  Pdriforb.  A  puriform 
discharge,  furnished  by  the  glands  of  Meibomi- 
an, when  inflamed:  and  to  which  Scarpa  attri- 
butes fistula  laerymalis,  in  many  eai 

P\i  PBBRAL    LlGAMECTB    are  distinguished  ii.to 

superior   and    inferior.     Some   anatomists,  with 

Winslow,  have  described,  under  this  name,  the 
fibrous  layer  which  is  attached,  —  on  the  one 
hand,  to  the  outer  part  of  the  circumference  of 
the  orbit:   on  the  other,  to  the  tarsal  oartilag    B. 

Palpbbral  Nerves,    a  the   eyelidt, 

arise,  particularly,  from  the  frontal  and  lachry- 
mal branches;  from  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis;  and  from  the  facial,  nasal,  and  int'ra-or- 
bitar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve. 

PALPEBRALIS,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS  RECTUS, 
Levator  palpehrsa  superioris  —  p.  Duo  musciili, 
Orhiculares  palpebrarum. 

PALPEBRATIO,  Nictation. 

PALPITATIO,  Palpitation  — p.  Arteriarnm, 
see  Palpitation  —  p.  Cordis  trepidans,  Cardio- 
tromus. 

Palpitatto  Meebro'ruy.  A  term  used  by 
Qaubius  for  involuntary  shaking  of  the  legs. 

PALPITA'TIOX.  Palpita'tio,  Palm,,*,  P.  seu 
Tremor  Cordis,  Palpita'tio  seu  Pulea'tio  Oordia, 
Vihra'tio  Cardi'aea  seu  Cordis,  Cardiogram,  Car- 
diopal'mua,  Subaul'tio,  Clonus  Palpita'tio,  (Sc.) 
Ditnt,  Dottnt,  (F.)  Palpitation,  P.  du  Ca>ur,  from 
palpitare,  palpi tatum,  '  to  throb.'  A  name  given 
to  the  pulsations  of  the  heart,  when  they  become 
stronger,  more  extensive,  or  more  sensible  to  the 
individual  than  ordinarily.  Palpitations  occur  in 
a  number  of  affections.  They  are,  sometimes, 
owing  to  organic  diseases  of  the  heart — hypertro- 
phy, inflammation.  &c;  at  others,  to  a  disease 
in  some  other  viscus j  whilst,  frequently,  they 
are  merely  nervous. 

Palpitation  is  sometimes  felt  in  the  arteries, 
constituting  Palpitatio  Arterio'en. 

PALPITATION  DU  CCEUR,  Palpitation. 

P  \l.sn-:i>.  Paralytic 

PALSY,  Paralysis— p.  Bell's.  Paralysis,  Bell's 
—  p.  Histrionic,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

Palsy,  Lead,  Paral'yaie  eaturni'na  sen  metal' 
liea,  Molyhdopa'reeia,  (F.)  Parolyaie  aatttrnine, 
Metal' lie  Paley,  Paintert'  PaUy.  The  paralysis 
'i  of  the  upper  extremities  especially,  induced  by 
the  poison  of  lead.  Palsy  of  the  intestines,  thus 
induced,  is  called,  by  Piorry,  AneittSronervie 
suliirninr. 

Palsy,  Metallic,  see  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  "Paint, 

er-',  P.  lead  —  p.  Shaking,  Paralysis  agitans  —  p. 
Trembling,  Paralysis  agitans. 

P  tLST  WORT,  Primula  veris. 

PALTA.  Persea  gatisshna. 

PALUD  \l..  Elodes. 

PALUDAPIUM,  Apium  graveolens. 

PALUDEEN,  Elodes. 

PALUDOtfUS,  Elodes. 

PALI'S.  Marsh,  Penis — p.  Sanctus,  Guaiacum. 

PALUSTRE,  Elodes. 

PAMBIOM  \.  Panbioma, 

PA  WOISON,  Syncope. 

PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS,  Corpus  pampiui- 
II  forme. 


PAMPINIFORM^    CORPUS         674 


PANDEMIC 


PAMPINIFORME  CORPUS,  see  Corpus  pam-  j 
piniforuie. 

PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia,  from  irav,  'all,' 
and  nXnya,  'I  strike.'  General  paralysis.  Palsy 
of  the  whole  body. 

PANACE'A,  navaKna,  Cathol'icon,  Cathol'icttm, 
from  ttuv,  *  all,'  and  aKzofiai,  '  I  cure.'  Univeraa'le 
rente' dium,  Panchrea'toa.  A  pretended  universal 
remedy.     There  is  no  such  thing  in  existence. 

Panacea  Ducis  Holsati^e,  Potass*  sulphas 
—  p.  Duplicata,  Potassae  sulphas  —  p.  Lapsorum, 
Arnica  montana  —  p.  Mercurialis,  Hydrargyri 
suhmurias —  p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxidum — p.  Pectoris,  Glechoma  hederacea 
— p.  Vegetabilis,  Crocus. 

PANACEE  ANGLAISE,  Magnesia*  carbonas. 

PANA'DA,   diminutive  of  Ital.  pane,  'bread,' 

(Lat.  pan  is,)  Pana'ta,  Panatel'la.     Bread,  boiled 

in  water  to  the  consistence  of  pap.     Sometimes 

administered  to  the  sick. 

Simple  Bread  Panada  may  be  made  by  put- 
ting any  quantity  of  grated  stale  bread  into  i 
enough  water  to  form  a  moderately  thick  pulp; 
covering  it  up,  and  leaving  it  to  soak  for  an 
hour;  then  beating  it  up  with  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  milk,  and  a  small  portion  of  refined  sugar,  and 
boiling  the  whole  for  ten  minutes,  stirring  all  the 
time. 

PANAIS,  Pastinaca  sativa. 

PANARIS,  Paronychia. 

PANARITIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANARIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANATA,  Panada. 

PANATELLA,  Panada. 

PANAX,  see  Panax  quinquefolium  —  p.  Costi- 
nura,  Pastinaca  opoponax — p.  Heracleum,  Pasti- 
naca opoponax  —  p.  Pastinacea,  Pastinaca  opo- 
ponax. 

Panax  Quinquefo'lium,  Aurelia'na  seu  Ara'- 
lia  Canaden'sis,  Ginseng,  Ninaing,  Gensang,  Red- 
berry,  Five  fingers.  Same  etymon  as  Panacea. 
Family,  Araliaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mo- 
noecia.  This  plant  grows  in  North  America. 
The  root — Panax  (Ph.  U.  S.) — Radix  ginseng — is 
about  the  thickness  of  the  little  finger ;  an  inch 
or  two  in  length,  often  dividing  into  two  branches  : 
of  a  Avhitish-yellow  colour;  wrinkled  on  the  sur- 
face, and  of  a.  compact,  almost  horny,  texture. 
It  has  no  smell,  but  a  very  sweet  taste,  combined 
with  a  slight  degree  of  aromatic  bitterness.  It 
is  much  esteemed  by  the  Chinese,  who  pay  a 
high  price  for  it.  It  is  a  gentle  and  agreeable 
stimulant. 

Panax  Schinseng,  Asiat'ic  Ginseng,  a  native 
of  Asia,  has  been  usually  confounded  with  the 
last.     The  root,  radix  ninsi,  has  like  virtues. 

PANBIO'MA,  Pambio'ma,  from  rtav,  'all,'  and 
(iios,  '  life.'  The  original  animating  principle. 
The  general  principle  of  life. 

PANCHRESTOS,  Panacea. 

PANCHYMAGO'GUM,  Pantago'gon,  from  nav, 
'all,'  ^u/xoj,  'juice,'  and  ayu),  '  I  drive  away.'  A 
medicine  which  the  ancients  believed  capable  of 
purging  away  all  sorts  of  humours. 

Paxchymagogum  Minerale,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

PANCCENOSUS,  Pandemic. 

PANCC3NUS  (MORBUS),  Pandemic. 

PANCRATIUM,  Pancreas. 

PAN'CREAS,  fromTrav,  '  &\],' imA  icpeas,  'flesh;' 
i.  e.  'quite  fleshy.'  Callic'reas,  Pancra'tinm, 
Pan' cream,  Laetes,  Pulvi'nar  ventri'culi,  Tot um 
earno'aum,  Gfand'nla  saliva'lis  abdom'inia,  Pnn- 
cre'ne,  Sweetbread.  A  gland,  deeply  seated  in 
the  abdomen,  and  lying  transversely  on  the  ver- 
tebral column,  between  the  three  curvatures  of 
the  duodenum,  behind  the  stomach,  and  to  the 
right  of  the  spleen.  Its  left  extremity  is  called 
tbe  tail  of  the  pancreas;  it  is  smaller  than  the 


right,  which  is  called  the  head.  At  its  right  por- 
tion, it  has,  almost  always,  a  greater  or  less  pro- 
longation;  called,  by  Winslow,  and  some  others, 
the  lesser  pancreas,  (F.)  Petit  pancreas,  Pancreas 
of  Aselli,  Pancreas  minus.  The  parcreas  resem- 
bles the  salivary  glands  in  structure,  and  has 
been  called  the  Abdominal  Salivary  Gland.  It  is 
composed  of  lobes  and  granulated  lobules,  dis- 
tinct, and  united  by  areolar  tissue.  From  each 
of  the  granulations  of  these  lobes  arise  the  radi- 
cles of  its  excretory  duct,  which  are  very  delicate, 
and  united  like  veins.  The  duct  itself,  Ductus 
Pancreat'icus  seu  Wirsungia'nus,  Pancreat'ic 
duct,  Canal  or  Duct  of  Wi rating  or  Wirsungs,  (F.) 
Canal  pancreatique,  proceeds  in  a  serpentine 
course  through  tbe  substance  of  the  organ  ;  and 
when  it  has  reached  behind  the  second  portion 
of  the  duodenum,  it  becomes  free,  and  is  of  the 
size  of  a  crow's  quill.  It  opens  at  an  acute  angle 
into  the  cboledoch  duct,  or  proceeds  close  to  it,  !i 
opening  separately  into  the  duodenum.  The 
Pancreatic  arteries  are  very  numerous  aud  small. 
They  proceed  from  the  cceliac,  splenic,  superior 
mesenteric,  right  gastro-epiploic,  coronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  left  capsular.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  radicles  of  the  vena  porta ;  and,  particularly, 
into  the  splenic  and  lesser  mesenteric.  Its  nerves 
emanate  from  the  solar  plexus,  and  its  lympha- 
tics pass  into  ganglions,  to  which  it  gives  its 
name.  The  pancreas  secretes  the  Pancreatic 
juice,  Succns  seu  Liquor  Pancreat'icus,  Lympha 
Pancrea'tis,  (F.)  Sue  pancreatique,  which  re-  J 
sembles  the  saliva.  When  this  juice  is  mixed 
with  amylaceous  matters,  it  converts  them  into 
dextrin  and  glucose.  Its  great  use  appears,  how-  | 
ever,  to  be,  to  emulsify  fatty  matters  by  virtue  of 
a  peculiar  albuminoid  principle — pancreatin  — 
coagulable  by  heat  or  alcohol, which  it  contains. 

Pancreas  of  Aselli,  see  Pancreas  —  p.  Mi- 
nus, see  Pancreas — p.  Petit,  see  Pancreas  —  p. 
Second,  Brunner's  glands. 

PANCREATAL'GIA,  from  pancreas,  and 
a\yos,  'pain.'     Pain  or  disease  of  the  pancreas. 

PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  pancreas, 
and  £//0pa(7ffw,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCREAT'IC,  Pancreat'icus,  (F.)  Pancrea- 
tique. Same  etymon  as  Pancreas.  Relating  to 
or  affecting  the  pancreas. 

Pancrratic  Arteries,  see  Pancreas — p.  Duct, 
see  Pancreas — p.  Juice,  see  Pancreas — p.  Nerves, 
see  Pancreas  —  p.  Veins,  see  Pancreas. 

Pancreat'ic  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  pancreat'icum.  A  tumour,  in 
irregular  masses,  connected  by  loose  fibrous  sub- 
stance, like  the  irregular  masses  of  the  pancreas. 
Found  in  the  areolar  substance:  but,  more  usu- 
ally, in  lymphatic  glands,  chiefly  in  the  female 
breast. 

PANCREATIN,  see  Pancreas. 

PANCREATI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio  pancrea'tis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  du  Pancreas,  from  pancreas, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  pancreas; — an  affection,  the  phenomena 
of  which  are  not  well  known. 

PAN'CREATOID,  from  pancreas,  and  utos, 
'appearance.'  Pancreato'i'des.  A  tumour  re- 
sembling the  pancreas  in  structure. 

PANCREATON'CUS,  from  pancreas,  and 
oyicos,  'a  swelling.'     Tumour  of  the  pancreas. 

PANCRENE,  Pancreas. 

PANCREUM,  Pancreas. 

PAND  A'LE  A.  Panda' lenm.  A  kind  of  lozenge 
used  bv  the  Arabian  physicians. 

PANDALEUM,  Pandalea. 

PANDALITIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANDEMIA.  Pandemic. 

PANDEM'IC,  Pan'demy,  Pande'mia,  3forbu$ 
Pande'mius  seu  Pande'mus  seu  Pancce'nus,  Paw 


paxdemie 


G75 


P  A  P  AVER 


c<rno'»tt9,    (F.)  PandSmie  ;    from    ttmv,  '  all,'  and 
e.'     An  epidemic  which  attacks  the 
ir  a  great  part,  of  the  population. 
PAND&MIE,  Pandemio. 
PANDEMY,  Pan  lemic. 

PAN  l>  I  CULA'TION,  Pandicula'tio,  Scordine'- 
lis'mus,    Clonus    Pandicula'tio,    from 
culari,    (pandere,     'to     stretch     out.')     "to 
•  awaking  from  sleep.'     Stretching, 
in  action,  which  consists  in  ele- 
tbe  upper  limbs,  and  throwing  the  head 
ink  backwards,  at  the  same  time  that  the 
[mba  are  extended.     This  series  of  motions 
extensor  muscles  is  in  some  measure  in- 
lent   of  the  will,  and  is  accompanied   with 
_-,  which  is  equally  involuntary.     In   the 
:   health,  stretching  occurs  before  ami  after 
willy   when    we  are   fatigued.     It  is 
I  at  the  onset  of  certain   paroxysms 
r.  hysteria,  <fcc. 
PANDOCE  I'M.     Pandochi'um,     Pandoei'um, 
(fan  n*,  'all.'  and  h^opm,  '  to  receive.'     An  inn 
seivea  all  classes.     A  general  hospital,  or 
■  admits  all  cases. 
PANDOCHIUM,  Pandoceum. 
PANDOCIUM,  Pandoceum. 
PANHIDROSIS,  from  irav,  'all,'  and  Wpwcn?, 
ag.'     Sudor  unireraa'lis.     Sweating  over 
the  whole  body. 

PANHYPEREMIA,  Plethora. 
PANIC  D'lTALIE,  Panicum  Italicum. 
PANWAUT,  Eryngium  cauipestre — p.  Mori- 

Eryngium  maritimum. 

1*  A  X  [C  I  i  R  ASS,  ITALIAN,  Panicum  Italicum. 

PANICUM  DACTYLON,  Cynodon  dactylon. 

Paw'icum  [tal'icuh,  from  /xtnis,"  bread, '  ItaV- 

I  ml  inn    Millet,    Guinea    Corn, 

Millet,   Mil'ium    In'dicum,    Sorghum, 

Sorghum,    (F.)    Millet    den   oiaeaux   ou   d 

-.  Panic  d' Italic     Nat.  Ord.     Gramineae. 

1  —  MH' ii  Sem'ina — are  much  esteemed  in 

■ing  a  constant  ingredient  in  soups,  and 

■  i'le  into  a  variety  of  forms  for  the  table. 

Pahii  rM  Mn.i  v'i'kim,  /'.  mil'ium,  Common  Mil- 
urn,   M.   Pan'icum  seu    Esculent'um,  Cen- 
.  Cenchrus,  (F.)  Millot  ordinaire.  Mil.     Mil- 
i  are  esteemed  a  nutritious  article  of  diet, 

•  often  made  into  puddings. 

I     Panicum  Milidh,  P.  miliaceum. 
PANI8  CANICACEOS,  see  Canicae— p.  Ciba- 
cundarius,  Syncomistos  —  p.   Cuculi, 
la  -p.  Porcinus,  Cyclamen. 
PANIV'OROUS,    Paniv'orm,    from    pant's, 
.'    and    poro,   'I    devour.'     Subsisting    on 

PANNI.  Swathing  clothes. 

PANNICLE,  Membrane. 

VANNICULE    I'll  MIX  I ',    Panniculus    car- 

PANNIC'ULUS,  diminutive   of  pannus,  cloth. 

of  fine  cloth.     Pterygion. 

ficuLna  Ainrnsi^.  Cellular  membrane. 

Paswiculos  Car.vo'sus.  Tu'nica  camo'sa,  Mus- 

Web,  Mantle,  (F.)   Pannicule  charnne,  is  .. 

iring    found   in   the    quadruped,   and 

i   by  a  thin,  subcutaneous   muscle,  which 

to  move  the  skin.     It  exists  only  it r- 

t«  of  the   human   body,  — as  in  the  fore- 

•  her.-  it  is  formed  by  the  occipito-frontalia  : 
neck,  bj  the  platysraa  myoideaj  and,  in 

mi,  by  the  cremaster  muscle. 
Paxxici  ,.,-s  ('..in. is.  Pericardium  — p.  Byrne- 
na»a*,  Flymen— p.  Virginalis,  Hymen. 
PANNIKELL,  Cranium. 

»f  cloth.      This  word  has 

meanings,  many  of  which  nre  equi- 

a   tent  for  a  WOUQd,  and,  also. 

»n  irregnlar  nsBTns  or  mark  on  the   skin.-    Ca*- 

klli.     Modern   ophthalmologists   apply  it.  to  an 


opake  and  vascular  condition  of  the  anterior 
membrane  of  the  cornea,  almost  invariably  pro- 
duced by  the  continuance  of  purulent  or  strumous 
ophthalmia,  or  by  chronic  inflammation  of  the 
cornea.  This  part  becomes  nebulous,  oovered 
with  red  ressels,  and  opake.  At  times,  the  sole- 
rotic  conjunctiva  undergoes  a  similar  change  to 
that  which  occurs  in  the  corneal  portion. 

Pwsts  Hki-aticls,  Chloasma— p.  Lenticula- 
ris.  Ephelides. 

PANOCHIA,  Bubo. 

PANOPHO'BIA,  Pantophobia,  Panphobia, 
Pavopho'bia,  Athym'ia,  Paoor,(¥.)  Frayeur  noc- 
turne, Souci;  from  riav,  '  the  god  Pan,'  and  </<o/?of, 
'fear;'  a  panic  or  fear  inspired  by  the  god  1'an, 
aocording  to  the  opinion  of  the  ancients.  Others 
derive  it,  and  with  more  probability,  from  rav, 
'all,'  and  </<o/ios,  'fear.'  This  universal  and 
groundless  fear  is  morbid,  and  is  a  symptom  of 
melancholy. 

PANOPHTHALMI'TIS,  from  irav,  'all,'  and 
ophthalmitis,  '  inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  whole  eye. 

PANPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PANPLEGIA,  Paraplegia. 

PANSCLERO'SIS.  from  irav,  'all,'  and  <t*Ay- 
puois,  '  hardness.'    Complete  induration  of  a  part. 

PANSE,  Inirluvies. 

PANSEMENT,  Dressing. 

PANSIES,  Viola  tricolor. 

PANSPERMIA,  from  rrav,  'all,'  and  cirtPtia, 
'sperm.'  The  theory  of  Dissemination  of  Germs, 
according  to  which,  ova  or  germs  are  disseminated 
over  all  space,  undergoing  development  under 
favourable  circumstances. 

PANSY.  Viola  tricolor. 

PANTAGOGOX,  Panchvraagogum. 

PANTANANCEPHA'LIA,  from  rrav,  navrog, 
'all,'  and  anencepha'lia,  absence  of  brain.  En- 
tire absence  of  brain — the  same  as  anencephalia. 
—  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PANTATROPHIA,  from  irav,  n-avroj, 'all,' and 
arpinf>in,  'atrophy.'     Universal  atrophy. 

PANTHOD'IC,  Pan/hod' iens,  from  irav.  ttuvto;, 
'all,'  and  'ohos,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  .Marshall  Hall,  to  a  course  of  nervous  action 

proi ding    from  one  point  in  all    directions    to 

every  other. 

PANTICES,  Intestine. 

P  ANTING,  Anhelatio. 

P  LNTOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

P  WTopllACISTS.  see  Omnivorous. 

P  INTOPH  VCl'S,  Omnivorous. 

P  \.N :  To  PHOBIA,  Hydrophobia,  Panophobia. 

PANTOZOOTIA,  Panzootia. 

PAND8,  Phygethlon — p.  Fauciurn,  Stoinato- 
panns    -p.  Inguinalis,  Bubo. 

PANZOOTIA,   Pantoto'dtia ;  from    irav,  'all,' 
and    faor,    '  animal.'     An    endemic   or    epidemic 
affecting  animals  generally. 

PAP.  .Mamma,  Nipple.  Also,  a'  soft  food  made 
of  bread  boiled  or  softened  with  water,  (Sc.) 
Breadberry. 

Pap  of  tiik  Hose,  Uvula  —  p.  of  the  Throat, 
Uvula. 

PAPAS  A.MKBICANUS,  Solarium  tuberosum. 

PAPA'VER,  /'.  somnifernm,  Meeon,  Lethe' a. 
The  White  Poppy,  Papaver  sati'vum,  (F.)  Pavot 
dm  J. tnfiii*.      Ord.   Papa v.racea'.     Sex.  Syst.   Po- 

lyandria  Monogynia.  The  Capsulr  of  tiik 
Whitk  PoPPT,  0o'dia,*u6ta  or  emitta,  Sca'phion, 
Papav'eris  Caput  ^t'u  Cap'sula,  Papaver,  (Ph. 
\feeon,  Poppyhead,  is  used  in  fomentation 
as  an  anodyne  ;,nd  relaxant,  to  inflamed  or  ulce- 
rated parts.  The  expressed  oil  of  the  seeds  is 
ealled  by  the  French  Huile  d* (Eillette.  It  i-  from 
the  poppy  that  Opium— ealled,  also.  Opium  Them 
ba'icum,  Meco'nium,  Onion.  Manus  Dei,  AMon, 
Ajfium,   Amphiam,  Afium,  Osoron,  Lou'danum* 


PAPAVERACEUM 


PAPPEA   CAPEXSIS 


Mecon,  Sopio,  (Prov.)  Poppy  pill,  (F.)  Opium  brut  ' 
ou  cru  —  is  procured.  It  is  the  milky  juice  ob- 
tained after  the  flowering  of  the  plant,  by  making 
longitudinal  incisions  in  the  capsules  and  stalks. 
It  is  commonly  obtained  from  the  Levant  or 
India,  where  the  poppy  grows  abundantly.  Opium 
is  a  compound  of  morphia,  narcotina,  meconic 
acid,  codeia,  narcein,  meconin,  caoutchouc,  fecula, 
resin,  oil,  and  several  other  substances.  Turkey 
Opium  is  of  a  heavy  and  slightly  fetid  colour. 
Its  taste  is  nauseous,  bitter,  acrid,  and  warm:  it 
is  in  flat  pieces;  solid  and  tenacious,-  of  a  dark 
brown  colour,  and  yellowish  when  powdered; 
making  a  light  brown,  interrupted  streak  on 
paper.  In  East  India  Opium,  the  odour  is  the 
same,  and  empyreumatic  ;  the  taste  is  less  bitter, 
but  more  nauseous,  and  the  colour  darker.  The 
varieties  of  opium  known  in  commerce  are  the 
Smyrna,  the  Constantinople,  the  Egyptian,  the 
Persian,  and  the  Indian.  Opium  is  stimulant  in 
small  doses  ;  sedative,  in  large;  narcotic  and  ano- 
dyne; operating  through  the  nervous  system.  It 
is  a  most  valuable  remedy  in  all  painful  affec- 
tions, and  inflammations,  when  given  so  as  to 
produce  its  full,  sedative  effects,  especially  in  pe- 
ritonitis. In  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  it  acts  as  an 
astringent:  and  in  intermittents,  it  will  often  pre- 
vent the  paroxysm.  In  typhus,  in  small  doses, 
it  acts  as  a  cordial ;  in  larger,  it  allays  irritation 
and  produces  sleep.  When  applied  externally, 
its  narcotic  effects  are  developed:  and,  hence,  it 
is  a  useful  application  to  irritable  sores,  painful 
tumours,  <fcc.  Dose.gr.  £  to  £  as  a  stimulant;  gr. 
j  to  iv  as  a  sedative. 

Papaver  Cereale,  P.  rhoeas —  p.  Cornicula- 
tum,  Chelidonium  majus — p.  Erraticum,  P.  rhoeas 
— p.  Luteum,  Chelidonium  majus. 

Papaver  Nigrum.  This  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  white  poppy,  producing  black  seeds. 

Papaver  Rhceas.     The  systematic  and  phar- 
macopoeial  name   of  the  Bed  corn-poppy.    Corn 
rose,  Pap>aver  errat'ieum  seu  cerea'le  seu  rubrum, 
Copper  rose,  Red-maHkes,   (F.)    Coquelicot.     The 
heads  of  this  species   contain  a  milky  juice  of  a 
narcotic  quality.     A  syrup.  Syr'npus  Rhce'ados, 
of  its  flowers — Rhoeas  (Ph.  L.  and  E.) — has  been 
directed,  which  has  been    esteemed   diaphoretic 
and  slightly  soothing:  but  is  more  admired  for 
its  colour  than  for  any  other  property. 
PAPAVERACEUM,  Oniate. 
PAPAVERCULUM.  Meconium. 
PAPAVERINE,  Papaveri'na;  from  papaver, 
'the  poppy.'     An  alkaloid  contained  in  opium; 
but  not  much  investigated. 
PAPAVERINUM,  Codeine. 
PAPAW  TREE,  Carica  papaya. 
PAPAYER,  Carica  papava. 
PAPER.    BLISTERING,    see    Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium. 

PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see  Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 

PAPIL'LA,  (F.)  Papille — diminutive, perhaps, 
from  papa,  one  of  the  earliest  cries  of  the  infant, 
ascribed  to  a  craving  for  food.  The  end  of  the 
breast,  the  nipple.  See  Nipple.  An  eminence 
similar  to  a  nipple.  A  name  given  to  small  emi- 
nences, more  or  less  prominent,  at  the  surface  of 
several  parts,  particularly  of  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membranes,  in  which  latter  situation  they 
are  also  called  villi.  See  Villous.  They  appear 
formed  by  the  ultimate  expansion  of  the  vessels 
and  nerves,  and  are  susceptible,  in  some  cases,  of 
a  kind  of  erection.  They  are  also  called  PapiUce 
iiervo'sce  seu  Ner'vea>.,  P.  Pyramida'les,  Nervous 
papilla,  (F.)  Papilles  ou  Paj)illes  nerveuses, 
Houppes  nerveuses. 

Papilla  Lacrymalis,  see  Lachrymal  puncta 
— p.  Mammae,  Nipple — p.  Nervi  optici,  see  Optic 
nerve — p.  Pili,  see  Hair. 


Papill.e,  see  Corpuscles,  Pacinian — p.  Calyci- 
formes,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Capitatue, 
see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Circumvallatae,  see 
Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Conical,  see  Papilla 
of  the  tongue  —  p.  Conoidal,  see  Papillae  of  the 
tongue  —  p.  Filiform,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue 
—  p.  Fungiform,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p. 
Fungoid,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue. 

Papillae  op  thb  Kidney,  (F.)  Mamelons  dn 
rein,  are  the  projections  into  the  pelvis  of  the 
kidney  of  the  apices  of  the  cones — Pyramids  of 
Malpighi,  Pyram'ides  Malpighia'nce —  of  the  tu- 
bular substance  of  the  organ.  They  are  also 
called  Processus  mamilla' res,  Carun'culce  pupil- 
la'res,  and  Papill'oB  renum. 

Papillae,  Lenticular,  see  Papilla?  of  the 
tongue  —  p.  Maximae,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongag 
— p.  Mediae,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p.  Min- 
ima?, see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Mucosas,  see 
Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Nerveae,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian  —  p.  Nervous,  see  Papilla  —  p.  Pyra- 
midal, see  Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Pvra- 
midales,  see  Papilla  —  p.  Renum,  see  Papilla?  of 
the  kidney  —  p.  Semilenticulares,  see  Papillae  of 
the  tongue. 

Papilla  of  the  Tongue  are  very  numerous 
and  marked.  They  are  observed,  particularly,  at 
the  upper  surface  of  the  organ,  and  are  distin- 
guished into — 1.  The  Lentic'ular  papilla,  Papilla 
muco'sm  seu  maoc'i'mce  seu  capita'tcB  seu  valla'tre 
seu  cireumvalla'tfje  seu  trunca'tce  seu  calycifor'mes. 
They  are  arranged  at  the  base  of  the  tongue  in 
two  oblique  lines  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V;  and  united  angularly  at  the  foramen  ca?cum. 
They  have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spherical 
shape,  and  have  seemed  to  be  mucous  follicles 
similar  to  those  of  the  palate,  lips,  &c.  2.  The 
Fun'giform  or  Fungoid  Papilla,  Papilla  me' dim 
seu  semileuticula'res,  are  of  indeterminate  number, 
but  always  more  numerous  than  the  preceding. 
They  are  irregularly  disseminated  near  the  edges 
and  the  point  of  the  tongue;  have  a  rounded  and 
flattened  head,  supported  by  a  short  and  narrow 
footstalk.  Their  tint  is  whitish.  3.  The  Con'icul, 
Conoid'al  or  Pyram'idal  papilla,  P.  min'ima  seu 
villo'sa.  are  the  most  numerous  of  all.  Their 
arrangement  is  more  regular  in  the  forepart  of 
the  tongue  than  behind.  They  resemble  small 
cones  ;  the  base  being  towards  the  tongue  and 
the  apex  free.  The  anterior  are  very  small,  and 
have  been  called  Fil'iform  papil'la.  They  ap- 
pear to  be  produced  by  the  terminations  of  the 
filaments  of  the  lingual  nerve,  and  are  surround- 
ed by  an  evident  vascular  network. 

Papillae  Truncat.e.  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue 
— p.  Vallatae,  see  Papilla?  of  the  tongue — p.  Vil- 
losae,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue. 

PAP'ILLARY,  Papilla'ris,  PapHl'nus,  (F.) 
Papillaire,  from  papilla.  Of  or  belonging  to  the 
nipple  or  to  the  papilla?. 

Papillary  Booy.  Corpus  pnpillare. 
PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-F0RMI3,  Mas- 
toid. 

PAPILL'IFORM,  Papilliform'is,  from  papilla, 
and  forma,  'form.'  Having  the  shape  or  appear- 
ance of  a  papilla. 

PAPILLO'MA.  A  tumour,  whose  specific  ele- 
ments are  those  of  the  papillae  of  the  normal 
skin  ;  and  which  consequently  is  composed  of  ft 
stem  of  fibrous  or  homogenous  connective  tissue; 
is  club-shaped,  cylindrical  or  acuminated,  and 
covered  with  a  layer  of  epithelial  cells,  similar  to 
those  of  the  normal  papillae. — Forster. 
PAPILLOUS.  Papillary. 

PAPOOSE  ROOT,  Cauiophyllum  thalictroides. 
PAPPE,  Mamma. 

PAPPEA  CAPEN'SIS.  A  small  tree  of  the 
Nat.  Ord.  Sapindaceae,  common  in  CatTerland. 
the   fruit    of  which    is    called    Wild   Plums.     It 


PAPPUS AMERICAN DS 


PAR AG  LOSS A 


furnishes  a  vinous  beverage,  Mid  excellent  rine- 

g;ir.     Its  kernel  containa  an  oil,  which,  although 

somewhat    cathartic,   and    la   recoin- 

i     as     an     external     application    in    tinea 
capitis  alu| 

PAPPUS    AMERICANUS,   Sulauum    tubero- 
sum. 

PAP'ULA.     Akin   to  papilla.     A  pimple,  Ex- 

or'min,  (Prov.)  Puuke,  Puckle,  (Sc.)  Pluke,  Plonk, 

ipule,    Boutun,    Bourgeon.     A   small,  acu- 

ainated  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed 

v.ry  seldom  containing  a  fluid,  or  Buppu- 

.    ;m<l   commonly    terminating   in    scurf   or 

imation.      An  eruption  of  pimples  is  called, 

in  Devonshire,  Mm  fie*. 

Papu/<8    form    the   first    order   of  Willan    and 

m's  nrrangement  of  cutaneous  disea 
Paphla  Agria,  Lichen  agrius —  p.  Fera,  1 1 <*r- 
p.   Miliaria,  Miliary  fever  —  p.  Ty- 
Spots,  red. 
Papi  i  E,  Lichen — p.   Siccae.  Lichen — p.  Sudo- 

Miliary  fever  —  p.  Sudorales,  Sudamina. 
PAPULAR,  Papulose. 
PAPULEUX,  Papulose. 

PAP'ULOSE,  Papnlo'aua,  Pap'uloua,  Papula'- 
tiit.  Pimpled,   Pap'ular,   Papula'ria,   (F.)  Papu- 
Froin  papula.     Of  or  belonging  to,  resem- 
red  with,  papulae  or  pimples. 
PAQUERETTE  VIVACE,  Bellis. 
PAR    NERVO'RUM,   Syz'ygi    nervo'rum.      A 
pair  of  ncr-. 

Pah  Nonum,  Hypoglossus — p.  Opticutn  Nervo- 

Optic  nerve— p.  Primum  nervorum  cerebri, 

ry  nerve  —  p.   Quartum,  Pathetic  nerve — 

p.  Qnintum  nervorum  cerebralium,  Trigemini — p. 

mm  nervorum,  Optic  nerve — p.  Septimum 

jive  faciale,  Facial  nerve  —  p.  Tertium,  Motores 

•eulorum — p.  Trigeminum,  Trigemini — p.  Triuin 

funiculorum,  Trigemini  —  p.  Vagus,  Pueumogas- 

tric —  p.  Visorius,  Optic  nerve. 

PARA,  rapa,  a  common  prefix,  'by,  near,  con- 
trary to,  through,'  (per;)  'above  and  beyond,' 
(ultra  ;)  '  besides/  (pra>ter.)  In  certain  terms,  as 
in  Paracusis,  Parapsis,  Parabysma,  4c.,  used 
:.  para  means  a  defective  or  morbid 
condi 

Para  Nut,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PARABAL'ANUS,    from    -apaftaWuv,    (*apa, 

anil  JaWttv,  '  to  cast.')   'to  expose  one-self.'     A 

name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  person  who  de- 

bimself  to  the  service  of  the  sick  in  hos- 

;  and  particularly  during  epidemics  and  the 

PAR  LBYS'MA,  from  T«oa,  and  (Svuv,  'to  stuff.' 
Infarction  or  engorgement  of  an  organ — as  Para- 
:  irgement  of  the  spleen. 
Pababy8MA    M es enteric um,  Tabes   mesente- 

P  \K  UlYS'TIA.  same  etymon.    Engorgement 
or  infarction  of  an  organ  with  blood. 

PAR  KCELSIS'T A,  Paracel'aint,  Paracel'tian ; 

•  Isus.     A  follower  of  Paracelsus. 
PARACELSISTICA  MEDII  LNA,  see  Spagy- 

PARACENTE'RIUM.     Same   etymon  as  the 

next.     Woolhouse  has  given  this  appellation  to  a 

trocar,  employed  by  Nuck  for  puncturing 

dropsy  of  that  organ. 

P  \  RACENTE'SIS,   Per/ora'tio,   Pune'tio, 

.    Cente'ais,    Compnno'tio, 

iKevrtu,    (wapa,    and 

»<*Tfw,  •  I  pierce,')  '  I  pierce  through.'     Puncture. 

eration  of  tapping  to  evacuate  the  collected 

fluid  in  ascites,  ovarial  dropsy,  &c. 

BIB,  Puncturing— p.  Thoracis,  Tho- 
I 

PAR  ^CENTETERION,  Trocar. 
PAR  ICENTICION,  Trocar. 
PAKACEPH'ALUS,  (V.)  ParacSfkaU,   from 


I  fecttve,'  and  Kt<p<i\ri,  'head.'  A  genus 
of  monsters,  with  the  head  badly  formed,  hut, 
voluminous;  the  face  distinct,  with  a  mouth;  ru- 
dimeiital  sensorial  organs,  and  thoracic  members. 

PARACHRCE'A,  from  para,  and  vpea,  'colour.' 
Morbid  change  of  colour  of  the  surface,  especially 
of  the  face. 

PARACHROMA,  Achromatopsia. 

PARACHR08IS,  Decoloration. 

PARAflNL  SES,  ((L)  Parakinesien,  from 
para,   and   frivaaif,    'motion.'     Diseases   of  the 

motor  nerves;  morbid  movements  of  voluntary 
muscles. 

PARACMASIS,  Decline. 

PA  R  ACM  AS  "11C,  Paraemas'ticus,  from  ira- 
IxiKfia^ii),  {para,  and  atcfxri,  'the  highest   point,')  'I 

decrease'  Decreasing.  An  epithet  for  a  distem- 
per, which  gradually  decreases.  Also,  according 
to  Galen,  the  period  of  life  when  a  person  is  said 
to  grow  old,  which  he  places  at  from  .">5  to  49, 
after  which  he  is  said  to  be  old — a  definition  that 
would  not  suit  us  at  the  present  day. — Gorrajus, 
and  Castelli. 

PARACMASTICOS,  see  Acmasticos. 

PARACME,  Decline. 

PARACOE,  Bee  Cophosis,  Paracusis. 

PARAC'OPE,  Paraph'ora,  Paracrv'aia,  from 
irapaKoirTU),  (para,  and  koztoj,  'I  strike,')  'I  striko 
falsely.'  Delirium.  In  Hippocrates,  it  means 
the  slight  delirium  which  sometimes  occurs  in 
febrile  disea.-.  -. 

PARACOUSIA,  see  Cophosia. 

PARAC'RISES,  (G.)  Parakrisien:  from 
para,  and  icpiois,  'secretion.'  Diseases  of  the 
secretory  function. — Fucbs. 

PARACRUSIS,  Paracope. 

PARACUSIS,  Cophosis.  Also,  perverted  au- 
dition. 

Paracu'sis  Acris,  Audi'tua a'crior,  Paracu'ma 
oxycoi'a,  from  para,  and  hkovois,  '  the  act  of 
hearing.'  The  hearing  painfully  acute,  and  into- 
lerant of  the  lowest  sounds  ;  a  symptom  in 
otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile  affec- 
tions. 

PARACUSIS  Duplicata,  Double  hearing  —  p. 
Emaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  p.  Imperfecta, 
Double  hearing,  P.  perversa  —  p.  Obtusa,  liarye- 
eoia  —  p.  Oxycoia,  P.  acris. 

Paracusis  Pkrvkh'sa,  P.  Willitia'na  seu  im- 
perfec'ta,  Perverse  hearing.  The  ear  only  sensi- 
ble to  articulate  sounds,  when  excited  by  other 
and  louder  sounds  intermixed  with  them. — Good. 

Paracusis  Surditas,  see  Cophosia  —  p.  Willi- 
sana, Paracusis  perversa. 

PARACYCLE'SES,  (G.)  Paraky klesen, 
from  para,  and  KvtXriots,  (kvk\os,  'a  circle,')  'cir- 
culation. Diseases  of  the  blood  as  regards  its 
distribution  and  motion. — Fuchs. 

PARACYESIS,  Pregnancy,  morbid,  Pregnan- 
cy, preternatural — p.  Abortus,  Abortion — p.  Tu- 
baria,  Salpingooj  • 

PARACYNAN'CHfi,  (para,  and  cynancke.) 
Inflammation  of  the  external  muscles  of  the  la- 
rynx.     According  to  others,  a  slight  cvnanehe. 

PAR.-ESTIIESIA,  Paresthesis  —  p.  Olfactoria, 
Parosmia. 

PABJBSTHESIS,  Paresthesis  — p.  Auditfls 
fiacca,  Proptoma  auricularum. 

l\\i:.i:Tlli;\  \K.  Parathenar. 

PARAGE USIS,  Ageustia.  Also,  perversion 
of  taste,  Parageu'tia,  Parageusia,  AUotriogtu*'- 
tia,  (litxtitx  deprava'tua,  from  para,  and  yivois, 
•  taste.' 

PARAGEUSTIA,  Parageusia. 

PA  K  AG  LOSSA.    I'anu //,,*'*;■,   from   para,  and 

yAwffCTu,    'the    tongue;'   Swelling  of  the    tongue; 

Dyepha'gia    Linguo'aa,    Qlaeaomegia'tue,    Matro- 

glua'aa,  Prolap'aua  Ungual,     Sanvagee,  under  the 

,  term  ParajluvHu  ddjlutitu'ria,  means  a  pretended 


PARAGOGE 


PARAPHOXIA 


doubling  of  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx,  (F.) 
Renveraement  de  la  langue.  See  Glossocele. 
PARAGOGE,  Abduction,  Coaptation. 
PARAGOMPHO'SIS.  Paragomphosis  cap'itis, 
from  para,  and  ys/i^ums,  '  a  nailing.'  Incomplete 
■wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  in  the  pelvis 
during  labour. 

PARAKINESIEN,  Paracineses. 
PARAKRJSIEN,  Paracrises. 

P A  RAK  YKLESEN,  Paracy cleses. 

PARALALIA,  Mogilalia  —  p.  Nasalis,  Rhino- 
phonia. 

PARALAMP'SIS,  -aapaXan^is,  from  vapaXafi- 
ito),  (ira/ia,  and  Xafivw,  'I  shine,')  'I  shine  at  the 
side  of;'  Jlac'ula  cornea  margarita'cea,  Perla. 
A  cicatrix  on  the  transparent  part  of  the  eye. — 
Hippocrates. 

PARALEREMA,  Delirium. 

PARALLAGE.  Insanity. 

PARALLAGMA,  Chevauchetnent. 

PARALLAXIS,  Ohevauchement,  Insanity. 

PARALLE'LA.  A  kind  of  scurfy,  cutaneous 
eruption,  affecting  the  palms  of  the  hands,  in 
parallel  lines,  and  symptomatic  of  the  venereal 
disease. — Forestus. 

PARALLELISM   OF  DISEASES,  Isopathia. 

PARALOGIA,  Delirium. 

PARALOPH'IA,  from  para,  and  Xo<pia,  'the 
first  vertebra  of  the  back.'  The  lower  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  near  the  vertebrae. — Keil. 

PARALYSE,  Paralytic. 

PARALYSIE,  Paralysis— p.  3fusculaire  atro- 
phiqtte,  Atrophie  musculaire,  progressive — p.  Sa- 
turnine, Palsy,  lead. 

PARAL'YSIS,  Par'esis,  Resolu'tio  membro'- 
rum  seu  nervo'rum,  Cams  paralysis,  Gatal'ysis, 
(F.)  Parol  ysie,  Resolution  des  mem  b  res ;  Aneu'- 
ria,  Anev'ria,  Anervistnic, — Piorry  ;  Palsy;  from 
irapa\vu),  (irapa,  and  \vu>,  '  I  loosen,')  '  I  relax.' 
Abolition  or  great  diminution  of  the  voluntary 
motions,  Myoparalysis,  and  sometimes  of  sensa- 
tion, in  one  or  more  parts  of  the  body. 

Palsy  is  said  to  be  local,  when  it  affects  only  a 
few  muscles.  When  it  extends  to  half  the  body, 
vertically  or  horizontally,  it  is  called  Hemiple- 
gia or  Paraple'gia.  It  is  commonl}"  symptoma- 
tic of  disease  of  the  brain  or  of  the  nerves  them- 
selves, and  is  a  frequent  accompaniment,  precur- 
sor, or  successor  of  apoplexy, — Phrenoparal'ysis. 
The  immediate  cause  is.  generally,  pressure, 
either  by  blood  effused,  or  by  serum,  or  by  vas- 
cular turgescence.  At  its  onset,  therefore,  blood- 
letting may  be  advisable :  but,  afterwards,  the 
disease  becomes  one  of  nervous  debility,  and  re- 
quires stimulants  to  the  paralyzed  parts,  or  to 
the  mucous  membranes,  —  frictions,  sinapisms, 
blisters,  the  moxa,  baths,  electricity,  galvanism, 
purgatives,  and  the  nux  vomica,  which  last  has 
the  property  of  exciting  movements  where  the 
■will  has  no  longer  power.  The  disease  generally 
admits  only  of  palliation,  and  is  extremely  apt  to 
recur. 

Paralysis,  Primula  veris. 

Paral'ysis  Ag"itans,  P.  trem'ula,  Syn'clonus 
ballis'mus,  Scelotyr'be  festi'nans,  Tremor,  Tromos, 
Shaking  Palsy,  Trembling  Palsy.  A  variety  of 
tremor,  in  which  the  muscles  are  in  a  perpetual 
alternation  of  contraction  and  relaxation. 

Paralysis,  Bell's,  Bell's  Palsy,  Histrion'ic 
Paral'ysis  or  Palsy,  Paral'ysis  facia'lis,  Proso- 
paral'ysis,  Trismus  dias'trophe  Sauvage'sii,  Di- 
as'trophe Gale'ni,  Hemiple'gia  facia'lis,  Oris 
tortu'ra  paralytica  Linnce'i,  Hemiprosople' gia. 
The  paralysis  of  the  face  induced  by  a  lesion  of 
the  portio  dura,  has  been  called  Bell's  Palsy, 
owing  to  Sir  Charles  Bell  having  been  one  of  the 
first  to  investigate  it  minutely. 

Paralysis  Beriberia,  Beriberi — p.  Extremi- 
tatuin,    Acro-paralysis  —  p.    Facialis,    Paralysis, 


Bell's — p.  Hemiplegia,  Hemiplegia — p.  Histrionic, 
Paralysis,  Bell's — p.  of  the  Insane,  Dementia 
paralytica  —  p.  Intestini  recti,  Proctoparaly.-is  — 
p.  Intestinorum,  Enteroparalysis  —  p.  Linguae, 
Glossolysis  —  p.  Medullaris,  Paraplegia  —  p.  .Me- 
tallic^, Palsy,  lead — p.  Nervi  hypoglossi,  Glosso- 
plegia — p.  Nervi  vagi  in  parte  thoracica,  Asthma 
— p.  Nervorum  thoracis,  &c,  Stethoparalysis — p. 
from  Poisons,  P.  Venenata — p.  Rachialgia,  Colic, 
metallic  —  p.  Saturnine,  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  Scorbu- 
tica, Pellagra  —  p.  Spinalis,  Paraplegia  —  p.  Tre- 
mula,  Paralysis  agitans. 

Paral'ysis  Yenexa'ta,  Paralysis  e  vene'nis, 
Paralysis  from  poisons.  Paralysis,  the  result  of 
poisonous  substances — as  of  lead,  mercury,  arse- 
nic, ergot,  &c. 

Paralysis  e  Vexexis,  P.  Yenanata — p.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gastroparalysis. 

PARALYTIC.  Paralyticus,  Par'alyzed,  Pal'- 
sied,  (F.)  Paralyse,  Paralytique.  Same  etymon 
as  Paralysis.     Affected  with  or  causing  paralysis. 

Paralytic  Stroke,  see  Stroke,  paralytic. 

PARALYZED,  Paralytic. 

PARAME'NIA,  from  para,  and  urjv,  'a  month,' 
Menstrua' tio  anom'ala,  Menses  aiiom'ala,  Jlis- 
menstruation.  Difficult  menstruation.  Disordered 
menstruation. 

Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  p. 
Erroris,  Menstruation,  vicarious  —  p.  Obstruction 
nis,  see  Amenorrhcea  —  p.  Profusa,  Menorrhagia 
— p.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

PARAME'RIA,  napapmna,  from  para,  and 
(irjpog,  'the  thigh.'  The  internal  parts  of  the 
thigh. 

PARAMESOS,  Annular  finger,  see  Digitus. 

PARAMO  DE  RUIZ,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  remarkable  acid  spring  in  New  Granada. 
It  contains  free  sulphuric  and  chlorohydric  acids, 
and  has  a  temperature  of  157°  Fahr. 

PARANEPHRITIS,  from  para,  and  nephritis, 
'inflammation  of  the  kidney.'  Inflammation  of 
the  renal  capsules,  Infamma'tio  reman  succtntu- 
riato'rum. 

PARANOIA,  Delirium,  Dementia. 

PARANYMPH'US,  from  para,  and  vvficpri,  'a 
young  spouse,'  'a  bride.'  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  him  who  led  the  bride  to  the  house  of 
her  husband.  The  term  was  adopted  into  the 
ancient  schools  of  medicine  to  designate  the 
usual  discourse  pronounced  at  the  end  of  the  pre- 
scribed period  of  study  for  licentiate,  in  which 
the  qualifications  and  merits  of  the  candidate 
were  described. 

PARAPATHIA,  Pathomania. 

PARAPECHYON,  Radius. 

PARAPHIA,  Parapsis. 

PARAPHIMOSIS,  Periphimo'sis,  Circum- 
ligatu'ra,  Phimo'sis  circumliga'ta,  Penis  lipo- 
derm'us,  from  para,  and  (pipota,  '  I  bridle.'  Stran- 
gulation of  the  glans  penis,  owing  to  the  opening 
of  the  prepuce  being  too  narrow.  It  frequently 
happens  in  persons  affected  with  phimosis,  when 
the  prepuce  has  been  pushed  violently  behind  the 
base  of  the  glans,  during  copulation,  &c.  In 
paraphimosis,  the  narrow  and  resisting  aperture 
of  the  prepuce  forms,  behind  the  corona  glandis, 
a  kind  of  ligature,  which  strangulates  the  part, 
causes  it  to  swell  and  inflame,  and  even  to  be- 
come gangrenous.  Attempts  must  be  made  to 
bring  back  the  prepuce.  These  excite  consider- 
able pain,  yet  they  must  be  persevered  in  for 
some  time;  and  should  they  not  succeed,  the 
rings,  formed  by  the  tumefied  prepuce,  must  be 
cut  transversely,  and  the  antiphlogistic  treatment 
be  adopted. 

PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PARAPHO'NIA,  from  para,  and  fu>w,  'the 
voice.'  Affection  of  the  voice,  when  its  charac- 
ter or  timbre  is  less  agreeable. 


PARAPH OR A 


r,7  0 


PAREIRA 


Paraphonu  Ci  vn..   n-.  Oxyphonia  —  p.  Gut- 
turals. Asaphia— p.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia —  p. 
i,   Hirquitalitaa— p.  Rauoa,  Raucedo — p. 
1.  '  ixyphonia. 

PARAPHORA.  Delirium,  Paracope, 
PARAPHKENESIS,    Paraphrenias  —  p.  Dia- 
■hragmatica,  Diapbragmitis. 
PARAPHR&NIE,  [nsanity. 
PARAPHRENPTIS,   from  para,   and   fetwes, 
liaphragm ;'     Parnphrene'aia,    (F.)    Para- 
11  to  inOainination  of  the 
Stjaphriigra,    see  Diaphragmitis.)  which  was  sup- 
dways  to  produce  delirium  : — as  well  as  to 
iriuin  itself  accompanying  that  affection. 
See  Phrenitis. 

P  \K  ^PHROSYNE.  Delirium. 
PARAPHRO  rES,  Delirium. 
PARAPLAS'TIC,    Paraplaa'ticua,  from  para, 
■  loriKos,  'formative.'   Possessed  of  depraved 
formative  powers,— as  Carcinoma,  Encephaloma, 

PAK  kPLE'GIA,  Paraplex'ia,   Raehioparal'y- 
$i»,    Rhaehioparal'ysis,    Rhaehiople' gia,     Myelo- 
Paral'yaia  spina' lit  sen   Medulla' ria, 
.    (F.)    Parapligie, 
fr-'in  para,  and  -\r\aou.  'I  strike.'     Palsy  of  the 
lower  half  of  the  body,  including  the  bladder  and 
rectum.     It   is.   generally,  owing   to  disease  of 
some  part  of  the  cerebrospinal  axis:  especially 
of  the  spinal  portion.     The  ancients   sometimes 
be  term    for  incomplete   apoplexy.     Some 
authors   have.  also,   made  a   distinction    b 
paraplegia  and   paraplrxia, —  using  the  former 
for  partial  apoplexy, —  the  latter  for  general  or 
fjomph  ■■ 
PARAPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia, 
P  \\\  IPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 
P  \i:  APOPHYSES,  see  Vertebra, 
PAR  U'oPLEXY.  ParapopU  t'ia,  from  para, 
and    «tot,\i;(i  i,    'apoplexy.'     False   apoplexy:    a 
ite,  resembling  apoplexy;  and  espe- 
cially that  which  occurs  in  the  paroxysms  of  per- 
nicious intermittent^. 

PARAP'SIS,  Paraph'ia,  from  para,  and  anro- 
fim,  '  I  touch.'     Sense  of  touch  or  general  feeling 
i  or  lost. — Good. 
Parapsis    Acris    Teneritiido,    Soreness  —  p. 
-.  Torpor,  Anaesthesia  —  p.  Illusoria,  Pseu- 
isia  —  p.  Pruritus,  Itching. 
PARARMA,  Fimbria. 
PAR  IRRHYTHMrCUS,  Pararrhythmns. 
PAR  ^RRHYTH'MUS,  Pararrhytk'mictu.firom 
md  pvSuos,   'rhythm.'     An   epithet  for  the 
when  it   has  not  the  rhythm  proper  to  the 
nd  constitution  of  the  individual. 
PAK  IRTHRE'M A, Pararthro'ma,  Parartkre'- 
.  Parec'taaia,  Paraatrep'aia,  from 
LTidapSpov,  'a  joint,'    Incomplete  luxation  ; 
subluxation. 

PAR  ^SCEPAS'TRA,  from  para,  and  »««{•, 
'I  A  cap  or  bandage,  which  covers  the 

Whole  head. — Galen. 

PAR  \si  !EUE,  Apparatns. 

PARAS'CHIDES,   from   para,   and    oxifa,  'I 

Fragments  or  splinters  of  a  broken  bone. 

PAR'ASITE,  Paraai'tna,  from  waoaeireat,  (it  a  pa, 

and  eiTot,  'corn.'  'food.')     '  1  eat  by  the  side  of.' 

•a  are  plants  which  attach  themselves  to 

other  plants  ;  and  animals  which  live  in  or  on  the 

her  animals, — bo  as  to  subsist  at  their 

I  he   mistletoe  is  a  parasitic  plant  .•  — 

the  louse  a  parasitic  animal.     The  chief  parasitic 

animals  are   the   Pedic'ulna  huma'nua  eon/one, 

Mis,   /'.  pnbis,   Pulex   irri'tane,  I'.  /,■><'- 

etr.t,,*,  and  the  Ae'arns  Sca'l 

-HI   [C,    Parasitic**,   Par'aeitoid,   Pa- 
les.   Same  etymon.    Having  the  nature  of, 
irasite, — as  'parasitic  growths,' 
Inhere]  r,  (F.)  Pararittrire,  Ac. 


PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic. 

PARASITISM,  J  us.     Same  etymon 

as  Parasite,  The  condition  of  a  parasite,  or  of  an 
organised  body  whiob  lives  on  another  organised 
body. 

P  \\[  LSrPISMUS  INTESTIHALIS,  Helmin- 
thiasis—  p.  Superffciei,  Mails. 

PARASITOG  'ENY,  Paraeitogen'ia,  Pareuti- 
togt  "'•  si*.  The  corporeal  condition,  which  favour- 
the  development  of  para- 

PARASITOID,  Parasitic 

PARASPA'DIA,    from     para,     and     araai,    «I 

draw.'  A  preternatnral  opening  of  the  urethra 
at  the  side  of  the  penis.  One  whose  urethra 
opens  in  this  manner  is  called  Paraapadia'ue 
and  Paraspa'dias. 

V  IRA8PADIJBU8,  see  Paraspadia, 

PARAS'PHAG  IS.  from  para,  and  9$*yn,  'the 
throat.'  The  part  of  the  neck  contiguous  to  the 
clavicles. 

PARASTATA,  Paraa'tatea,  from  vapicrripi, 
(irapa,  and  lar/ttji.)  '  I  stand  near.'  The  prostate. 
In  Hippocrates,  it  means  the  epididymis.  The 
epididymes  were  called  by  Herophilua  and  Galen 
Varieo'sa  paroatata,  to  distinguish  them  from 
glandulo'sa  paroatata  or  prostate.  Rufus  of 
Ephesns  called  the  Tub*  FallopiansB  Paraetatee 
uarico'se*. 

PARASTATA  Adenoides,  Prostate  —  p.  Glan- 
dnla,  Prostate  —  p.  Glandulosa,  Prostate. 

PARASTATES,  Parastata. 

PARASTATI'TIS,  Epididymis* ;  from  pa- 
rastata, '  epididymis,'  and  ills,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  epididymis. 

PARASTR  KM'MA.  Paras'tropki,  from  naoaa- 
rpc(p(j),  (napa,  and  arptipu),  'I  turn,')  'I  distort  or 
pervert.'  Convulsive  distortion,  especially  of  the 
face,  the  soft  parts  being  drawn  laterally. 

PARASTREPSIS,  Paraphrenia. 

PARASTROPHE,  Parastremma. 

PARASYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidsea, 

PARASYSTOLE,  Acinesia, 

PARATH'ENAR,  Para'thenar,  from  para,  and 
Scvup,  '  the  sole  of  the  foot.'  Winslow  called  grand 
parathinar,  parathenar  major,  a  portion  of  the 
abductor  of  the  little  toe,  musculus  acandula'riu*  : 
and  petit  parathinar, parathenar  minor,  the  short 
flexor  of  that  toe. 

Parathenar  Major.  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis — p.  Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

PARATHROMA,  Elongatio. 

PARATONIA,  see  Spasm. 

PARATOPIA.  Luxation. 

PARATOP'Lfi,  from  para,  and  ro-zog,  'place.' 
I  in  which  organs  are  removed  from  their 
proper  position.     See  Ectopia. 

PARATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

PARATROPE,  Apotrope. 

PAR  ATROPHY,  Paratropki,  Paratroph'ia, 
from  para,  and  rpoipn,  'nourishment.  Misnu- 
trition. 

PARBREAKING,  Vomiting. 

P  LRDALIANCHE8,  Aconitim. 

PARDALIANCHUM,  Aoonitom. 

PAREC'TAMA,  Parec'taaia,  from  para,  <*, 
'out  of,'  and  rums,  'I  Stretch.'  Immoderate  ex- 
tension, distension,  or  dilatation  of  a  part — as  of 
the  heart. 

PA  RECTA  SIS,  Paraphrenia,  Paroet.nma. 

PAREGOR'IC,     Paregor'icus,    Sn'piens,    (1>.) 

Par&gorique,  from  napriyoptu)  (impa  and  ayopcvu), 
'  I   soothe,    I    calm.'      That  which    soothes 

at  paregoric  elixir.    An  anodyne. 
PARE!  \.  <;,,;,. 
P  \i;kii:a.  see  P.  bravn, 
P\i:ii'i:\   BratAi   Oissam'pelos  Pareira,  Pa 
reyra,  Butua,  Abu'ta,  Albu'tua,  Baton,  Caa 

Ocero    butua,     Wild    vine,    Velvet    leaf.       Family, 


FARELLE 


G80 


PAROMPIIALOCELE 


Menispermeae.     Sex.  Si/st.  Dioecia  Monadelphia.  II 
The  root  of  this  plant—  Pareira  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — a 
native   of  South  America  and    the  West   Indies,  ! 
h;is  a  sweet  taste,  with  considerable  bitterness  and 
slight  roughness.     It  has  been   recommended  in 
nephritic  and  calculous  affections;   but  it  is  not  | 
much  used.     By  A.  de  St.  Hilaire,  Pareira  is  as- 
signed  to  Oinsampeloa  glaber'rima. 

PAUELLE,    llumex  hydrolapathurn,  R.    pa- 
tientia. 

PAREXCEPIIALIS,  Cerebellum. 
PAREXCEPIIALITIS.  Cerebellitis. 
PARENCEPHALOOE'LE,  from  naptyKt^is,  I 
(iapa,  and  eyK^paXos,  'the  brain/)  'the  cerebel- [ 
bun,'  and  KijXrj,  'a  rrpture.'     Hernia  of  the  cere-  j 
bel'lum  ;   a   very  rare  disease.     It  occurs  under 
the  form  of  a  soft,  indolent,  or  slightly  painful  | 
tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin, 
and  is  situate  in  the  occipital  region.     It  is  con- 
stituted of  the  cerebellum,  which  escapes  through 
an  aperture  in  the  occipital  bone.     Great  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  not  to  mistake  it  for  an  ordi-  [ 
nary  tumour,  as  its  extirpation  would  be  attended 
with  fatal  consequences. 

PAR  EXCEPII  ALUS,  Cerebellum. 
PAREN'CHYMA,   Caro  parenchymal' ica  seu  j 
vis'cenuu  seu  viscera' lis  seu  viscera' sa,  Substantia 
pareuchymato'sa,   Procheu'ma,  (F.)  Parenchyme. 
The  texture  of  glandular  and  other  organs,  com- 
posed of  agglomerated  globules  united  by  areolar 
tissue,   and    tearing   with    more   or  less    facility. 
Such   is  the  texture   of  the   liver,   kidneys,    &c. 
Tiapeyxvjxa  signifies,  in    Greek,  effusion,  [napa,  tv, 
and  ^uu,  '  I  pour,')  and  it  was  believed,  that  this 
tissue  consisted  of  effused  blood  or  other  fluid. 
Parexchyma  Testis,  Pulpa  testis. 
PARENCHYMAL,  Parenchymatous,  Paren'- 
ehymous,  Parenchyma' lis,  Parenchymal icus,  (F.) 
Parenchymateux  ;  same   etymon.      Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  parenchyma  of  an  organ. 

PAREXCHYMATI'TIS;  from  parenchyma, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Injiamma'tio 
parenchymal ica.  Inflammation  of  the  substance 
of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATOUS,  Parenchymal. 
PAR'ESrS,  from  iraptWi,  'I  relax.'     (F.)  Pa- 
resie.     Paralysis.     According  to  some,  a  slight, 
incomplete  paralysis,  affecting  motion,  not  sen- 
sation. 

PARESTnE'SIS,    ParcBsthe'sis,   Paresthesia, 
Sensus    imperfec'tus,     from    para,    and    aicOtjais, 
'  sensation/      Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
external  organs   of  sense.     A  genus  in  the  no- 
sology of  Good.     Also,  perversion  of  sensibility. 
PARET'ICA  EXARTHRO'SIS.     Luxation 
from  relaxation  of  the  ligaments  of  a  joint. 
PARETICUS,  Relaxant. 
PAREYRA,  Pareira  brava. 
PAR  FUJI,  Suffimentum. 
PARIERA,  Pareira  brava. 
PARIES,  Table. 

PARFETAL,  Parieta'lis,  Pariet'inus,  from 
paries,  parietis,  l  a  wall/  Appertaining  to  the 
parietes  or  walls  of  an  organ  or  to  the  parietal 
bones. 

Parietal  Artery,  see  P.  Bones. 
Parietal  Boxes,  Ossa  parieta'lia  seu  vertica'- 
lia  seu  ver'ticis  seu  sincip'itis  seu  breg'matis  seu 
bregmat'ica  seu  nerva'lia  seu  tetrago'na,  are  two 
fellow-bones,  occupying  the  lateral  and  upper 
parts  of  the  cranium,  in  the  formation  of  which 
they  assist.  They  have  a  quadrilateral  shape: 
their  external  surface  is  convex,  and  presents,  at 
its  middle  part,  an  eminence  called  the  Parietal 
protuberance,  Tuber  parieta'le,  (F.)  Basse  parie- 
tnle.  Their  inner  or  cerebral  surface,  which  is 
concave,  has  a  depression  that  corresponds  with 
the  preceding  eminence,  and  which  is  called  the 
Parietal  fossa,  Fossa  parieta'lis.     Above  and  be- 


hind, near  the  superior  edge  of  these  bones,  is  a 
foramen,  which  does  not  always  exist,  called  the 
Parietal  foramen,  Fora'men  parieta'le,  through 
which  passes  a  vein  —  parietal  vein  —  that  opens 
into  the  superior  longitudinal  sinus  of  the  dura 
mater:  and  an  artery — parietal  artery — a  branch 
of  the  occipital,  which  ramifies  on  the  same  sinus. 
Each  parietal  bone  is  articulated  above,  with  its 
fellow;  below,  with  the  temporal  bone;  before, 
with  the  frontal;  behind,  with  the  occipital,  and 
by  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle  with  the  great 
ala  of  the  sphenoid.  Each  parietal  bone  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Parietal  Foramex,  see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Fossa, 
see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Protuberance,  see  P.  Bones  — 
p.  Veins,  see  P.  Bones. 

PARIETA'RIA,  P.  officinalis,  Helx'ine,  Vi- 
tra'ria,  Wall  pel'/ itory,  (F.)  Parietaire  commune, 
Perce-muraille,  Anmure,  Herbe  aux  murailles  ou 
des  Nones.  Family,  Urticeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
gamia  Monoecia.  This  plant  grows  on  old  walls, 
— hence  its  name,  from  paries,  parietis,  'a  wall/ 
—  and  contains  much  nitrate  of  potassa.  Itis 
diuretic,  but  is  not  much  used. 

Parieta'ria  Penxsylvan'ica,  Amer'/can  Pel'- 
litory,  a  small  weed,  flowering  from  June  to  Au- 
gust, has  been  used  in  juice  or  decoction  as  a 
diuretic,  deobstruent  [?]  and  emmenagogue. 

PARPETES,   Plural  of  Paries,  'a  wall/ (F.) 
Parois.     A  name  given  to  parts  which  form  the 
enclosures  or  limits  of  different  cavities  of  the 
body,  as  the  Parietes  of  the  cranium,  chest,  &c. 
PARIETINUS,  Parietal. 

PARIS,  P.  quadrifo'lia,  Sola'num  quadrifo'- 
lium,  Uva  inver'sa  seu  lupi'na  seu  vulpi'na,  One- 
berry,  Truelove,  (F.)  Parisette,  Raisin  de  Renard, 
Herbe  a  Paris,  Etrangle-loup.  It  possesses  nar- 
cotic properties,  and  was  formerly  considered  a 
powerful  love  philter.  It  is  emetic,  and  is  some- 
times used  extcrnallv  as  a  resolvent  and  anodvne. 
PARISAGOGE  LNTESTINORUM,  Intussus- 
ceptio. 

PARISETTE,  Paris. 

PARISTH'MIA,  para,  and  io6uo<;,  'the  throat/ 
A  word  employed  to  designate  the  tonsils,  and, 
likewise,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils.      Cynanche 
I  tonsillaris,  and  Cynanche  in  general. 

PARISTHMIOT'OMUS,  from  valuta,  'the 
|  tonsils/  and  re/^w,  '  I  cut.'     An  instrument  with 
which  the  tonsils  were  formerly  scarified. 
PARISTHMTTIS,  Cvnanche,  C.  tonsillaris. 
PARISTHMIUM.  Tonsil. 
PARISWORT.  Trillium  latifolium. 
PARMA  CITY,  Cetaceumr-p.  Poor  Man's, 
Thlaspi  bursa. 

PARME'LIA  PARIET'INA,  Lichen  pariet'- 
inus, Yellow  wall  Lichen,  Common  Yellow  Wall 
Moss,  which  grows  abundantly  on  trees  and  walls, 
Order,  Liehenaeeaa.  is  used  in  intermittent  fever 
on  account  of  its  bitterness. 

PARMELIA  TSLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandicus 
—  p.  Plicata,  Lichen  plicatus  —  p.  Pulmonaeea, 
Lichen  pulmonarius  —  p.  Roceella,  Lichen  roc- 
cella  —  p.  Saxatilis,  Lichen  saxntilis. 

PARMENTIE'RA  CERIF'ERA,  Palo  de 
velas,  Candle  Tree.     A  forest   tree  in    the  valley 
of  the  Chagres, — Nat.  Ord.  Crescentiacea?, —  the 
long  cylindrical  fruit  of  which,  resembling  can- 
dles, serves  for  food  for  cattle. 
PAROARTON,   Parovarium. 
PAROCHETEUSTS,  Derivation. 
PARODOX'TIDES,  from  para,  and  oSovs, 
tooth.'     Tumours  on  the  gums;  parulis,  <tc. 

PARODYNIA,    Dystocia  — p.  Perversa,   Pre- 
sentation, preternatural. 
PAROrS,  Parietes. 
PAROLE.  Voice,  articulated. 
PAROMPHALOCE'LE,  from  para,    ou<pa\os, 


PAROXIRI  A 


G  8  1 


PAROUS 


IIerni;i  near 


«the  navel,'  and    *ij>  ,  'raptors 
the  navel. 

PARONI'RIA,     from    para,    and    ovtipov,    'a. 
Depraved,  disturbed,  or  morbid  dreatn- 

jn'ia    acti'va,    Bretkie'mne 
The  voluntary   organs    connected   with 
train  of  ideas,  overpowered  by  the 
imagination  during  dreaming,  and 
itarily  excited  to  tlieir  natural   or 
,    actions,   while    the    other  organs  remain 
.—  Good. 

ixiuiA  Ambulans,  Somnambulism — p.  Sa- 
:..\.  Pollution. 

PAROXY'CHl  \.    Paron'ychis,    Paronychi'tis, 
fu'via,  Rediv'in,  Vermis  seu   Pteryy'- 
it"inm,  Diyit"ium,  Pandalit"- 
Vaetyli'tia,    Paint' rin  in,     Onyeh'ia, 
I   glade,   from  pnra,  and   ovuf,   ovw^o?,   'the 
1  lie  ancients  gave  this  name  t<  an  inflam- 
j    tumour, —  Onychitis,    Onyxi'ti*   (Gross), 
1  near  the  nail,  and  involving  the  pulp  or 
•    me  of  the  moderns  have  extended  it 
to   inllammation    of  the    hand,  and    even    of   the 
n.     It   usually   means   every  phlegmonous 
(amour  of  the  fing  -.  and  especially  of 

the  ti r ~ t  phalanx.      Four  kinds  of  paronychia  are 
nly  pointed  out:  1.  That  seated  between 
the  epidermis   and   skin,  called   in    France    Tour- 
2.  That  seated  in  the  subcutaneous  areo- 
-ie.     ."..   That  occupying   the   sheath   of  a 
;  and  4.  That  considered  to  be  seated  be- 
ne periosteum  and   bone.      The  last   three 
are  only  different   degrees    of  the  same  disease. 
iting    Whitlow,    (Prov.)    Teak,    (F.)    Hal 
—  the   worst    kinds,   in    English,   are 
The  inflammation  generally  eom- 
a   in    the    subcutaneous    areolar  tissue,  and 
ither    parts,    occasioning    excessive, 
lancinating   pain,  owing   to    the    parts   being  put 
upon  the  stretch ;  hence,  the  necessity  of  dividing 
them  freely,  —  even  down  to  the  bone,  when  there 
-   ii  to  believe  that  the  affection  belongs  to 
the  fourth   division,  —  making  use  of  emollient 
applications,  the    antiphlogistic    treatment,    and 
lieve  pain. 
SYcniA,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria — p.  Di- 
gitiuin.  l)i_'itium. 

PARONYCHIS,  Paronychia. 
PARONYCHITIS,  Paronychia. 
PAROPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 
P  kROPIA,  Canthus  (lesser.) 
PAROPLEXIA,  Paraplegia 
PAROPSIS  sia  visualis  —  p.  Aman- 

sis  —  p.    Cataraeta,    Cat. tract  —  p. 
.  aucoma  —  p.  [llusoria,   Pseudoblep- 
■alis,  Dysopia  lateralis  —  p.  Longin- 
a  — p.    Lucifuga,    Nyctalopia  —  p. 
iga,  Hemeralopia — p.  Propinqua,  Myopia 
—  p.  Staphyloma,   Staphyloma  —  p.   Staphyloma 
■  turn,  Hypopyon — p.  Staphyloma  simplex, 
phthalmia  —  p.  Strabismus,   Strabismus  — 
/.ins. 
PAROPTE'SIS,  from    -  ip  ■,  dim.,  and  oirraw, 
-I-'     Forcii  ;  v  placing  a  patient 

before  the  fir-  or  putting  him  in  a  dry  bath. 

PARORA'SIS,  from   pnra,  and   opuu),   'I   see.' 
of  sight,  which   prevents  the  person 
from  ju  Iging  accurately  of  the  colour  of  objects. 
Hallucination. — Galen 
P  IRORCIIID'IUM,    from   para,    'something 
itiele.'  Any  position 
of  one  or  both  testicles,  different  from  that  which 
l|  _v  in  the   scrotum  :  —  whether 
may  not  have  descended  throngs  the  abdo- 
minal r : 1 1 _r .  or  are  drawn  up  to  the  groins  by  the 
iter  muscle. 


P  A  ROR'CH  I  D 0-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia 

pttror'vhi'lo-riitr,' int.  Internal  hernia  Compli- 
cated with  displacement  of  the  testicle.  —  Baa- 

PAROSMIA,  Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of 
smell;  Paretetke'eia  olfaeto'ria,  Olfac'tu*  depra- 
i-'i'inx,  Idiotyncra'tia  olfaeto'ria,  from  para,  and 

oofit/,  '  odour.' 

PAROS'TIA,  from  raps,  'defectively.'  and 
oortov,  *  a  bone.'  Hones  on  tempered  in  their  sub- 
stance, and  incapable  of  affording  proper  sup- 
port.—  I 

-ii  v   I'i  i:\ii.is,  M>;;ities  oesiuin — p.  Fra- 
gilis,  Fragilitas  ossiiim. 

PAROTIA,  Cynanche  parotides. 

PAROT'l  D, Gland' ula parotide' a  seu  ad  Aures, 
Paro'tie,  Animel'la,  Alimel'la,  Lacticin'iaj  from 
para,  and  ovi,  wro?,   'the    ear.'     The    largest  of 

the  salivary  glands,  seated  under  the  ear,  and 
near  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.      Ii  is  com  I 

of  many  separate  lubes,  giving  ri>e  to  excretory 
ducts,  which  unite  to  form  one  canal,  called  the 
Parotid  duct,  Sleno'a  canal, — the  Ductus  superior 
rior  salivary  canal,  of  some.  This  duct, 
after  having  advanced  horizontally  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheek,  proceeds  through  an  opening 
in  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  terminates  in  the 
mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molaris.  About 
the  middle  of  its  course,  it  sometimes  receives 
the  excretory  duct  of  a  glandular  body,  situate 
in  its  vicinity,  and  called  the  Ae'eettory  Gland 
i if  the  Parotid,  So' eta  Parot'idie,  Gland' ula  so'cia 
parot'idie.  In  the  substance  of  the  parotid  are 
found — a  number  of  branches  of  the  facial  nerve, 
of  the  transverse  arteries  of  the  face,  and  the 
posterior  auricular.  It  receives,  also,  some  fila- 
ments from  the  inferior  maxillary  nerve,  and 
from  the  ascending  branches  of  the  superficial 
cervical  plexus.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  some- 
what numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglions  situate 
at  its  surface  or  behind  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  parotid  secretes  saliva,  and  pours  it  copiously 
into  the  mouth. 

Parotid,  Accessory  Gland  of  the,  see  Pa- 
rotid. 

Parotid  Aponeuro'sis.  A  sheath  of  great 
thickness,  continuous,  below,  with  the  cervical 
faseia.  It  forms  a  frame-work  to  the  parotid  by 
means  of  fibrous  prolongations  from  its  deep  sur- 
face. Its  density  accounts  tor  the  pain  of  paro- 
titis, and  for  the  difficulty  with  which  pus  makes 
its  way  to  the  surface. 

Parotid  Arteries,  see  Parotid  —  p.  Duct,  see 
Parotid  —  p.  Veins,  see  Parotid. 

I'M!  OT I  III:.  I'arotis. 

PAROTIDE'AN,  Parotid*'™,  (T.)  Parotidien. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  parotid. 

PAROTIDITIS,  Cynanohe  parotides*  Parotis. 

PAROTID!)  V<TS,  Tumor paro'tidie,  T.  Olau'm 
dula>.  parotide*  a,  from  parotis,  and  oyicoi,  'a  tu- 
mour.'     Swelling  of  the  parotid. 

PARO'TIS,  Phleg'monl  parotide' a,  hulamma'- 
tio  paro'tidum,  Cynan'chl  parotidm'a,  Paroti'tie, 
Parotidi'ti*,  Dioeeu'ri,  (F.)  Parotide,  il  the  name 
of  a  tumour  seated  under  the  ear  :  which  il  red- 
dish, hard,  and  attended  with  obtuse  pain  :  the 
n  to  Buppu ration  being  slow  ami  difficult. 
Sometimes  it  is  of  a  malignant  character,  slough- 
ing, and  long  protracted.  Some  French  path-.lo- 
term  parotide  to  symptomatic 
parotitis  —  as  to  that  which  occurs  in  plague; 
whilst  they  apply  the  terms  OreiUon*  or  Ourlet, 
Purotoneiee,  to  Cynanche  parotides  or  .Mumps. 

P  tRoni  Con  r a oioi  \.  Cynanche  psroti 
,  p.  Epidemiea,  Cynanohe   parotides — p.  Sero^o 


PAROTITIS 


682 


PARTURITION 


glutinc  turaens,  Cynanche  parotidaea — p.  Spuria, 
Cy n a a che  para t'ubea. 

PAROTITIS,  Cynanche  parotidaea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Epidemica,  Cynanche  parotidaea —  p.  Erysipe- 
latosa,  Cynanche  parotidsea  —  p.  Polyinorpha, 
Cynanche  parotidaea —  p.  Speciiica,  Cynanche 
parotides. 

PAROTONCIES,  see  Parotis. 

PAROVA'RIUM,  properly  Paroa'rion  :  Cor- 
pus'culum  eon'icum  Rosenmiilleri,  from  para,  and 
t*apiov,  'the  ovary.'  A  body  closely  analogous  in 
structure  to  the  epididymis,  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  Fallopian  tube  and  the  ovary  in  the 
broad  ligament.  The  Corpus  Wolffianuni  con- 
curs in  its  formation.  —  Kobelt. 

PAROXYN'TIC,  Paroxyn'ticus,  (F.)  Paroxyn- 
tique,  from  napo^wo),  '  I  excite.'  Relating  to  a 
paroxysm. 

Joins  paroxyntiques  are  days  on  which  parox- 
ysms take  place. 

PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxys'mus,  from  napol-vvu), 
{napa,  and  o^vveiv,  'to  render  sharp.')  'I  irri- 
tate :'  Im'petus,  Jnsul'tus,  Inva'sio,  Exacerba'tio, 
Acces'sio,  Aeces'sns,  (Old  Eng.)  Axes,  (F.)  Ex- 
acerbation, Redoublement,  Acces.  The  augmenta- 
tion which  supervenes  at  equal  or  unequal  inter- 
vals in  the  symptoms  of  acute  diseases.  Also,  a 
periodical  exacerbation  or  fit  of  a  disease. 

PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxysma'lis ;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Paroxystique.  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
paroxysm; — as  a  paroxysmal  day,  (F.)  Jour 
paroxystique ;  a  day  on  which  a  paroxysm  of 
disease  occurs. 

PAROXYSMUS  FEBRILIS,  Pyrexia. 

PAROXYSTIQ UE,  Paroxysmal. 

PARS.  Genital  organs  —  p.  Corporis,  Genital 
organs  —  p.  Inferior  Pedis.  Sole  —  p.  Intermedia, 
see  Corpus  spongiosum  urethrae — p.  Mastoidea 
of  Temporal  Bone,  Mastoid  process  —  p.  Natu- 
ralis  rnedicinae,  Physiology — p.  Obsccena,  Genital 
organs — p.  Petrosa,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Prima 
asperse  arteria?,  Larynx  —  p.  Pyramidalis  ossis 
temporis,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Squamosa,  see 
Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Urethra?  membranacea,  see 
Urethra  —  p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric  —  p.  Virilis, 
Penis. 

PARSLEY.  COMMON.  Apium  petroselinum— 
p.  Fool's,  xEthusa  cynapium  —  p.  Macedonian, 
Bubon  Macedonicum — p.  Mountain,  black,  Atha- 
manta  aureoselinum  —  p.  Poison.  Conium  macu- 
latum  —  p.  Spotted,  Conium  maculatum  —  p.  Wa- 
ter, Cicuta  maculata. 

PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium. 
Heracleum  lanatum — p.  Crow,  Leontodon  tarax- 
acum— p.  Garden,  Pastinaca  sativa — p.  Meadow. 
Thaspium  Barbinode  —  p.  Water,  common,  Sium 
latifolium. 

PART,  see  Parturition — p.  Legitime  et  ille- 
gitime,  see  Parturition. 

PARTES  GENERATIONS  INSERVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Genitales,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Laterales  nasi,  Scapulae  nasi  —  p.  Ner- 
vosa?, see  Nerve  —  p.  Obsccenae,  Genital  organs. 

PARTHENEIA,  Virginity. 

PARTHENIUM  FEBRIFUGUM,  Matricaria 
■ — p.  Mas,  Tanacetum. 

PARTHEN'IUS  (Morbus);  from  naodevos,  'a 
virgin.'  A  disease  in  a  young  female.  Also, 
chlorosis. 

PARTHENOGENESIS,  'virgin  birth:'  from 
rapdevog,  'a  virgin,'  and  yevecng,  'generation.' 
The  successive  production  of  procreating  indi- 
viduals from  a  single  ovum,  without  any  renewal 
of  fertilization.  —  Owen. 

PARTHENOL'OGY,     Parthenolog"ia,     from 


TTaijQtvzia,  'virginity,'  and  >oyos,  'a  description.' 
A  description  or  consideration  of  the  state  of  vir- 
ginity in  health  or  disease. 

PARTHENUS,  Virgin. 

PARTIALIS,  Local. 

PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE,  OF  MUSCLES, 
Sarcous  Elements. 

PARTICUU&  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

PARTIES,  LES,  Genital  organs—;;.  Ginu 
tales,  Genital  organs  — p.  Honteuses,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Geuitoires,  Genital  organs — p.  Nahn 
relies,  Genital  organs — p.  Nobles,  Genital  organs 
—  p.  Sexuelles,  Genital  organs. 

PARTIO,  Parturition. 

PARTRIDGE-BERRY,  Gaultberia,  Mitchella 
repens. 

PARTS,  THE,  Genital  organs. 

PARTURA,  Parturition. 

PARTU'RIEXT,  Partu'riens,  from  parturire, 
partttritum,  itself  from  parere,  'to  bring  forth.' 
Bringing  forth,  or  about  to  bring  forth,  or  having 
recently  brought  forth  young. 

The  Parturient,  Puer'perous,  Childbed  or  Ly- 
ing-in or  Lying-down  state,  Confinement,  Puerpe'- 
rium,  generally  comprises  the  period  from  partu- 
rition to  perfect  recovery,  which  is  usually  a 
month.  In  the  north  of  England  this  is  called 
the  steg-month,  requires  careful  management,  and 
is  subject  to  various  diseases. 

A  Partu'rient  or  Parturifa'cient  is  a  medicine 
which  induces  or  promotes  labour;  as  ergot,  and, 
perhaps  borate  of  soda.      See  Abortive. 

PARTURIFACIENT,  Parturient. 

PARTURIGO,  Parturition. 

PARTURIT"ION,  Puerpe'rium,  Partus,  Par- 
tio,  Parturit"io,  Parturi'go,  Partu'ra,  Tocos, 
To'cetos,  Texis,  Lochi'a,  Apocye'sis,  Jfceeu'sis, 
Maieu'sis,  Nego'tium  seu  Actus  parturitio'nw, 
Enix'us  seu  Enix'io  seu  Expnl'sio  fatus,  ApoV- 
ysis,  Status  parturien'di,  Deliv'ery,  Labour,  Child- 
bearing,  Child-birth,  Birth,  Trav'ail,  (Sc.)  Child- 
ill,  Crying,  Crying  out,  (F.)  Accouchement,  Couche, 
Travail  d'Enfant,  Enfantement.  Same  etymon  as 
Parturient.  The  act  of  delivery  of  the  foetus  and 
its  appendages,  also  the  state  during  and  imme- 
diately after  delivery — Childbed,  (Sc;  Gizzen- 
bed,  Gizzen,  see  Parturient.  Labour  is  the  ne- 
cessary consequence  of  conception,  pregnancy, 
and  the  completion  of  gestation.  It  does  not 
take  place,  at  the  full  time,  until  after  nine  months 
of  utero-gestation, — the  causes  producing  it  being 
the  contraction  of  the  uterus  and  abdominal 
muscles.  By  different  authors,  the  stages  of 
labour  have  been  variously  divided.  We  may, 
perhaps,  admit  of  four.  The  first  stage  comprises 
the  precursory  signs.  One,  two,  or  three  days 
before  labour,  a  mucous  discharge,  streaked  with 
blood,  takes  place  from  the  vagina,  which  is 
called  the  Signum,  Leucorrhoe'a  Nabo'thi,  Hcemor- 
rhng"ia  Xabothi,  Labour-show,  or  Show;  and, 
along  with  this,  trifling  grinding  pains,  called  by 
the  French  Mouches,  are  felt  in  the  loins  and  ab- 
domen. Second  stage: — Peculiar  pains,  which 
extend  from  the  lumbar  region  towards  the 
uterus  ;  tension  and  dilatation  of  the  neck  and 
orifice  of  that  organ  ;  protrusion  into  the  vagina 
of  the  envelopes  of  the  foetus,  forming  the  bag  <>f 
waters,  (F.)  Poche  des  eaux  ;  and  rupture  or 
breaking  of  the  waters.  Third  stage  : — Contrac- 
tions of  the  uterus  and  abdominal  muscles; 
forcing  pains:  the  head  of  the  foetus  becomes  en- 
gaged in  the  pelvis  :  the  occiput  being  commonly 
situate  above  the  left  acetabulum,  passes  beneath 
the  arch  of  the  pubis.  Fourth  stage: — the  head 
now  presents  at  the  vulva,  the  perineum  being 


TARTURITIOX 


PARTURITION 


considerably  distended;  at  leagto  it  clears  the 

external  j.:irt ~.  and  the  reel  of  the  body  ia  easily 

iged.    The  child  still  continues  attached  to 

the  mother  by  the  umbilical  cord,  which  has  to 
be  divided.    In  the  course  of  fifteen  or  twenty 

minutes,  trifling  pains  occur,  and  the  sccundines 
elled.  This  completes  delivery — the  birth, 
(F.)  Naissance  of  the  child.  In  by  far  the 
majority  of  cases,  the  head  is  the  presenting  part. 
the  occiput  directed  anteriorly,  and  the  fa 
tenorly.  Of  12,633  children,  horn  at  ti 
pita!  La  Materniti,  in  Paris,  from  the  10th  of 
iber,  17(.»7.  to  the  :!lst  of  July,  1S06,  the 
following  were  the  presentations: 


The  head,  with  the  face  posteriorly...  12.120 

S3 

198 

117 

3 

102 


The  head  anteriorly 

The  breech 

The  feet  

The  knees 

Other  position! 


12. < 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  from  data  fur- 
nished by  Velpeau,  gives  an  approximate  view 
of  the  comparative  number  of  presentations,  ac- 
cording to  the  experience  of  the  individuals  men- 
tioned : 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  Till-   RATIO  OF  PRESENTATIONS  IX  inon  CASES. 


Regular  °r  of  the  vertex... 

I.  "      <    •  

a.  Ocdpito-cotylokl  (lefl  .... 
Da  '        (right). 

I  it"  pubian 

11."     /'•'-..    ■  •  rior 

tyloid  left)  ... 
(>.  Do."         (right).. 

resentatiou 

Ilento-iliac  i  right  i 

of  tli.'  pelvis 

of  the  foot  

Of  the  knees  

of  the  breech 

of  the  trunk  

Requiring  Forceps 

Turning 

"  Cephalotomy 


ACCORDINQ    TO 

Merri- 
inau. 

Blind. 

Madame 
Boivio. 

Madame 
Lacha- 
pelle. 

Nagele. 

Lovali. 

Bnipital 

of  the 
Faculty. 

Boer. 

924 

944 

91)9 

933 

933 

911 

980 

90S 

944 
760 

179 

029 
9-4 
53 
44 

910 
717 
209 

9   • 
7*3 
29 

895 

537 

22 

2-6 

36 

46 
26 

8-8 

36 

28 

29 

36 

47 

29 

12-7 

94 

019 

14 
0.40 

103 

23 

13 

18 
4-6 

22 
5-3 

4-8 

19 

6-6 

4-7 

4-6 

3-4 

36 

5-7 

16 

47 

7'8 

7-2 

59 

33 

52 

4-77 

053 

24 

1-5 

Labour  has  received  different  names,  according  I 

to  the  period  of  pregnancy  at  which  it  occurs,  and 

the   mode   in  which   it   takes   place.      It  is  called 

inij"    or    abor'tion,  prior  to    the    seventh 

month:  prem'eUvre  labour,  Omotoc'ia,  Partus  pra- 

a  //'•</  statu' rue,  between  this  and  eight 
months  and  a  half  J  and  labour  at  the  full  pt  riod, 
i  !• .  Accouchement  d  terme,  when  it  happens  at 
the  end  of  nine  months.  Labours  have  likewise 
1 n  variously  divided  by  different  authors.  Per- 
haps the  one  into  Nat'ural,  Preternatural,  and 

ious,  is  as  common  as  any;  —  natural  La- 
bour meaning  that  which  would  occur  without 
manual    assistance  ;    preternatural,  requiring  the 

Dee  of  art,  but  by  the  hand  solely  :  and 
laborious  or  instrumen'tal,  requiring  instrumental 

nee;  which  M.  Capuron  calls  Accouchement 

lique.      Powerless    labour,   the   Inertie  par 


Spuisement  of  Madame  Lachapelle,  is  that  in 
which  the  muscular  powers  from  exhaustion  are 
unable  to  accomplish  such  delivery. 

Forced  labour  or  parturition,  (F.)  Accouche- 
ment ouAvortcua  ut  provoqui,  is  labour  or  abortion, 
induced  by  art.  When  labour  is  accompanied 
with  other  phenomena  of  a  deranging  character, 
it  is  saiil  to  he  complicated.  When  the  child,  even 
when  reduced  in  size,  cannot  pass,  it  is  termed 
impracticable,  &c.     See  Dystocia. 

The  French  use  the  term  Part,  Partus,  at 
times,  synonymously  with  delivery;  at  others, 
with  jatiiK,  jfaieu'ma,  Jfaeu'/na.  Suppression 
de  part  means  concealment  of  delivery  :  Pari 
ligitime,  a  foetus  which  comes  into  the  world  with 
the  conJition  necessary  for  its  enjoying  advan- 
tages granted  by  law:  and  Pari  illSgitime,  one 
that  does  not  fall  under  those  conditions. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COURSE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF 

LA  nor  US. 


Hem)  Passu  tiro. 


I.  Natural  Labours. 
Or  those  in  ichich  Delivery  can  be  ejf'ectcd  without  Assistance. 

The  head  with  the  chin  bent  upon  the  hroast  clean  tic 

lirim  of  the  pelvis.      Motion  of  rotation  produced  bj  the 

of  the  pelvia;  the  occipital  protuberance 

phvsjs    pubis,   ami    the   face 


1.  Om'piif  tntcards  the  Lefl 
,dum. 


2.  Oodput  Inwards  the  Right 
Acetabulum. 


Occiput  '■ 

Sacra  Mae  Symphysis. 


Occiput  towards  the  Tsft 

phjftiS. 


Inclined  plan 

is  carried  behind   the 

towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 

The  bead  attains  the  outlet:  clears  it;  the  occiput  being 
Aral  disengaged,  and  the  face  afterwards,  which  passe* 
sueeeasively  along  the  whole  of  the  hollow  of  the 
sacrum.  The  shoulders  enter  the  brim  diagonally; 
and  execute  tie-  movement  of  rotation.  The  one  be- 
hind first  clears  the,  outlet.  The  same  thing  OCCUM 
with  the  natc- 

The  Dame  course  is  here  followed:  except  that  after  the 

rotary  movement,  the  fire  passes  behind  tie  q  m]  bj  ria 

pubis,  and  the  OOOipul    into    the    hollow  of  the    saiTUlu. 
'I'll lipilt    Is  flrel   extruded  • the   fare  next. 

When   the  able   presents  and   is  turned  forwards,  the 

f.ne   is   fust    expelled;    the   head   is   thrown    hackwardn. 

This  presentation  is  uncommon.     If  the  chin 

and    he   thrown    hackwards.  natural  delivery  cannot   ho 

effected. 


PARTURITION 


684 


PARTURITION 


Natural  Labours. — Continued. 


Lower     Extremi- 
ty   Presenting. 

(Four  Positions  of  ■ 
tJie  Feet,  Knees 
and  Breech.) 


1.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  left  Acetabulum. 


2.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards Vie  Bight  Acetabu- 
lum. 

3.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  Bight  Sacro- 
iliac Symphysis. 

4.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sicrum  to- 
wards the  Left  Sacro-iliac 
Symphysis. 


The  nates  euter  the  hrim  diagonally:  movement  of  rota- 
tion: the  one  passes  behind  the  symphysis  pubis;  the 
other  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum.  The  one  be- 
hind is  first  extruded. 

The  same  thing  happens  to  the  shoulders.  The  chin  is 
bent  upon  the  chest  to  clear  the  brim:  movement  of 
rotation:  the  occiput  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
pubis,  and  the  face  Towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
The  face  clears  the  outlet  first;  the  occiput  last. 

The  same  progress,  except  that  after  the  movement  of 
rotation,  the  face  is  towards  the  pubis,  and  the  occiput 
towards  the  sacrum.  The  face  is  here  again  delivered 
first. 


II.  Preternatural  Labours, 
Or  those  ickich  require  Manual  Assistance  only. 


I.  Presentation  of  the 
Head,  Upper  Extremi- 
ties. Back,  Abdomen, 
&c. 


General  Observations. 


1.  Short  Forceps 


2.  Long  Forceps , 


3.  Lever  or  Yectis . 


4,  Fillet  and  Blunt  Hoolc 


1.  When  the  labour  is  without  any  serious  complication,  and  the  head  is  not 
in  a  good  position  at  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  eudeavours  are  to  be  made  to 
place  it  in  its  natural  position  :  the  hand  to  be  introduced  with  the  fingers 
united,  and  the  long  diameter  of  the  head  to  be  placed  diagonally  in  the 
brim,  if  possible.  Or  the  lever  may  be  fixed  over  the  occiput,  and,  by  draw- 
ing it  down,  a  closer  approximation  of  the  chin  and  chest  may  be  effected; 
the  position  of  the  head  to  the  pelvis  being  at  the  same  time  attended  to. 

2.  If  complicated  with  syncope,  convulsions,  hemorrhage,  want  of  uterine 
action,  &c,  the  feet  must  be  laid  hold  of,  and  the  child  turned.  For  this 
purpose,  empty  the  rectum  and  bladder;  and  turn,  if  possible,  prior  to  the 
escape  of  the  liquor  ainnii.  The  female  may  be  placed  on  her  back  or  left 
side,  with  the  breech  over  the  edge  of  the  bed.  Use  the  right  or  left  hand, 
according  as  the  feet  of  the  child  are  to  the  right  or  left  side  of  the  pelvis; 
always  so  introducing  the  hand,  that  the  child  shall  be  in  its  palm,  and  the 
back  of  the  hand  opposed  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus.  The  hand  and 
arm  to  be  introduced  during  an  interval  of  pain:  and  they  must  be  flattened 
and  tranquil  whilst  the  uterus  is  contracting  forcibly.  If  both  feet  cannot 
be  readily  brought  down,  seize  one,  and  tie  a  fillet  around  it. 

3.  If  the  toes  point  to  the  vertebral  column,  or  to  the  abdomen  of  the  mother, 
the  head,  in  its  descent,  will  not  enter  the  pelvis:  the  chin  and  occiput  will 
be  hitched  on  the  pubis  and  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  -In  such  case,  grasp 
the  nates  as  soon  as  they  have  passed  the  os  externum ;  and,  during  a  pain, 
endeavour  to  dh-ect  the  toes  towards  either  sacro-iliac  synchondrosis.  When 
the  fingers  can  be  passed  along  the  body  of  the  child,  and  over  the  shoulders 
to  the  bend  of  the  elbows,  draw  down  the  arms  successively.  When  the  body 
is  expelled,  and  the  head  filling  up  the  brim,  the  termination  of  labour  must 
be  accelerated  by  passing  two  fingers  over  the  shoulder  of  the  child;  using 

I       moderate  and  steady  extracting  power,  whilst  one  finger  of  the  other  band, 
passed  into  the  mouth,  depresses  the  chin  on  the  sternum.    In  this  way,  the 
|^     head  may  be  extracted. 


III.  Instrumental  Labours, 
Or  those  requiring  the  Assistance  of  appropriate  Instruments. 


If  the  pains  become  feeble,  or  in  ad  equate  from  any  cause; — or  if  the  presenting 
part  be  firmly  wedged  in  the  pelvis;  or  the  woman  be  becoming  exhausted, 
instrumental  assistance  may  be  required.  In  all  such  cases,  place  the  female 
on  the  back  or  left  side,  empty  the  bladder  and  rectum ;  wait  till  the  os  uteri 
is  in  a  fit  state;  afford  assistance  during  the  pains;  introduce  the  instrument 
during  the  intervals  between  the  paius:  have  the  patient  on  her  left  side 
(generally) ;  and  extract  according  to  the  axes  of  brim  and  outlet,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

Apply  these  to  the  sides  of  the  head  of  the  child,  so  that  the  ears  and  parietal 
protuberances  may  be  within  the  /enestras.  Introduce  the  left-hand  blade 
first:  the  index  and  middle  fingers  of  the  right  hand  guiding  it  to  the  ear. 
With  the  right  hand  pass  the  other  in  an  opposite  line,  corresponding  with 
the  course  of  the  first  blade,  guided  by  the  fore  and  middle  fingers  of  the  left 
hand;  the  third  and  little  fingers  being  employed  to  retain  the  left-hand  blade 
in  place;  humour  the  instrument  so  as  to  allow  the  blades  to  lock.  The 
handles  may  now  be  tied  gently  together.  The  force  used  must  be  from  blade 
to  blade,  with  a  gentle,  tractile  effort. 

Applicable  where  the  head  does  not  enter  the  brim.  The  long  forceps  must  be 
applied,  in  most  cases,  over  the  occiput  and  face  of  the  child,  so  that  the 
convex  edges  of  the  blades  may  be  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
When  used,  the  power  may  be  exerted  from  side  to  side,  with  moderate 
traction. 

The  lever  is  applicable  to  the  same  cases  as  the  forceps.  It  must  not  be  used 
strictly  as  a  lever,  but  as  a  hook  with  which  to  draw  downwards.  It  may  be 
applied  to  any  part  of  the  head,  but  is  generally  hitched  on  the  occiput. 

In  certain  cases  of  breech  and  knee  presentation,  where  the  hand  is  insufficient, 
it  may  be  necessary  to  pass  over  the  joint  a  fillet,  or  the  blunt  hook,  with 
which  to  exert  some  force  of  traction.     The  operation  is  very  simple. 


PARTURITION,  DRY 


6  8  5 


PASSIVE 


■mbriulcu. 


STMPHTSOTOMT        AXD 

ix  Section. 


C.i:- 


Separation    op    TnE    Head 

OP    TOE    FCETUS    TUOM    THE 
BODT. 


bmoonos 

Labour. 


op     Prematlrk 


Instkcmk.ntal  Labours. — Contin 

V\<]  roportkmata  rise  of  bead,  or  distorted  ordefbrmad  pelvis,  may  require  the 
ehUd  to  be  destroyed,  and  its  balk  lessened ;  ortb(  ttiou  or  sym- 

pbysotomy,  or  the  induction  of  premature  labour  noy  be  called  Ibr. 
The  instruments  required   here,  are  the  Perforator,  Crotchet,  and    ' 

,■>'.    .Make  a  steady  pressors  on  the  abdomen;  para  two  fingers  of  the 
left  band  np  to  the  bead:  (eel  tor  e  suture  nr  fbntanelle;  introduce  the  per- 
forator ami  bore  through,  until  the progrww of  the instrument  i»  arrested  by 
alders.     Open  the  bandies,  ami  turn  the  instrument  in  different  direc- 
tions, so  that  the  opening  nay  be  large  enoagb  to  admit  the  perforator,  with 
.  which  the  brain  must  !»•  broken  down. 
If.  after  this,  delivery  cannot  be  accomplished  without  further  aid.  pass  up  the 

craniotomy   forceps;  open   the  bandies  slightly,  and  Introduce  the   blade 
without  teeth  within  the  cranium.     On  I  losing  the  forceps,  a  hold  is  obtained; 

and  a  tractile  force  can  now  bv  exerted  during  the  pains,  and  the  extrusion 
of  the  child  1 1  effected. 
Should  great  difficulty  exi-t  at  the  brim,  the  bones  at  the  top  of  the  head  may 
have  to  he  rem  'V,-,).  until  the  base  alone  remains.     The  chin  lnust  then  be 

brought  through  first. 

The  crotchet  i>  often  used  instead  of  the  craniotomy  forceps,  being  passed  into 
the  opening  made  by  the  perforator,  and  honked  upon  some  bony  projection 
in  the  interior  of  the  skull:  hut  it  i>  not  a  good  instrument.  In  presentations 
of  the  face  demanding  perforation  of  the  cranium,  the  perforator  should  be 
Introduced  just  snore  the  nose,  in  the  sagittal  suture. 

When  it  It  necessary  to  open  the  head  after  the  lower  extremities  have  been 
L     expelled,  the  perforation  must  be  made  behind  the  ear. 

In  cases  of  great  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  the  operation  of  Si/mphynriiomyhHZ 
been  adopted  by  French  practitioners, — rarely  by  Ilritish  or  American  ;  and, 
in  extreme  cases,  recourse  bas  been  had  to  the  Oooarean  Section. 

If  the  body  of  the  foetus  has  been  forcibly  separated,  and  the  head  left  in  the 
Uterus,  it  must  he  laid  hold  of  with  one  hand,  and  the  forceps  he  applied  :  or 
the  head  be  opened  and  delivered,  as  under  embryuleia.  Should  the  head 
bare  been  brought  away,  and  the  body  left  behind,  the  feet  must  be  brought 
down. 

In  cases  of  narrowne«s  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  fetus,  at  the  full  term,  cannot 
be  born  alive,  delivery  may  be  brought  about  at  an  earlier  period,  or  as  soon 
as  the  child  is  capable  of  carrying  on  its  functions  independently  of  the 
mother. 

The  most  advisable  plan  for  accomplishing  this  object  is  merely  to  pass  the 
tin.'er  round  and  round  within  the  os  and  cervix  uteri,  so  as  to  detach  the 
deeidua:— the  membranes  being  thus  left  entire,  and  the  life  of  the  child  not 
so  much  endangered,  as  where  the  membranes  are  punctured,  and  the  waters 
evacuated.     Parturition  usually  follows  within  forty-eight  hours. 


The   laying  of  eggs  by  animals  is  termed,  in 
French,  ponte.    The  term  has  been  applied  to  the 
periodical  discharge — ponte  piriodique —  of  ova, 
.'<•  dee  CEufe,  which   is  supposed  to  take 
place  from  the  ovaries  ar  end]  menstrual  period. 
PARTURITION,  DRY,  Partus  siccus. 
PARTURIUM  VANUM,  Fanne  couck*. 
PARTUS,   Parturition  — p.   Abactio,   Abortion 
—  p.  Abactus,  Abortion — p.  Csesareus,  < 
•action  —  p.  Diflicilis.  Dystocia  —  p.  Laboriosus, 
i.  Laborious  labour  —  p.   Praecox,  Partu- 
rition (premature)  —  p.  Prsematurua,  Parturition 
(premature) — p.  Serotinus,  Opsiotocia. 

Partus  Siccus,  Dry  labour  or  parturition. 
Labour,  which  is  neither  preceded  nor  attended 
by  a  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

PARU'LIS,  from  para%  and  ov\ov,  'the  gum.' 
irulie  sen  paroulie,  Phleg'moni  Pn- 
rtlis,  Oum  Boil,  Alve'olar  ooseee*.  Small  ab- 
nerally  form  in  the 
alveoli  and  involve  the  gums,  sometimes  with- 
out any  known  cause,  but  which  often  depend 
upon  rarious  I 

PARU'RIA,    from   para,  and   ovptu),  '] 
urine.'     Morbid  secretion  or  discharge  of  urine. 

Pari  ria  iHCOirriHcxs,  Enuresis  —  p.  Inconti- 
uens  aquosa,  see  Diabetes — p.  Inops,  Ischuria, 
■  p.  Mellita,  Diabetes  —  p.  Reteutionis,  Is- 
churia— p.  Retentionis  renalis,  Ischuria — p.  Re- 
jicalis,  Retention   of  urine  —  p.   Stil- 
.  Strangury  —  p.  Stillatitia  mucosa,  Cystir- 

PARVITAS  M0RB08A  PARTIUM  0R- 
OANICARUM.  Microl 

PARTQRON,  from  para,  and  '•yaw, ' humid.' 
A  liquid  or  moist  preparation  for  allaying  topical 
inflammation. 

PAS   VANS,  Tussilago. 

PA8MA.  < '  i*  n  nsma. 

PA8Q1  E  FLOWER,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 


PASS  A,  Paronychia. 

PASSiE  CORINTIIIAC.E,  see  Vitis  Corin- 
thiaca. 

PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE,  Way*,  digestive 
— p.  Second.  Ways,  second. 

PASSAMBIO,  Rio  rinaigro. 

PJLSSE-PIERRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

PASSERAGE,  Iberia  amara — p.  Sauvage,  Car- 
damine  pratensis. 

PASSIBILITY,  GREAT.  HypersBsti* 

PASSIFLO'RA    LAURIFO'LIA,  Bag 

Ord.  Paasiflorese.  A  native 
of  Surinam.  The  fruit  has  a  delicious  smell  and 
flavour,  and  quenches  thirst,  abates  heat  of  the 
stomach,  increases  the  appetite,  &c. 

Passiflora  Malifor'mib,  Apple-tihaped  Gm- 
nadil'la.  The  fruit  of  this  Bpeciea  is  esteemed  a 
delicacy  in  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is  served 
up  at  table  in  desserts. 

Borne  of  the  genus  are  said  to  possess  narcotic 
and  emetic  properties. 

PASSIO,  Disease.  Passion — p.  JBsaoptoica, 
Basmoptyais — p.  Cadisa,  Epilepsy — p.  Cardiaca, 
Cardialgia  —  p.Co3liaca,  Cceliac  flux  —  p.  Cbole- 
rica,  Cholera — p.  Fclliflua.  Cholera — p.  flsBtnop- 
toica,  Haemoptysis —  p.  Hypochondriaea,  Bypo- 

ohondriasis  —  p.  Hysterica,  Hysteria —  p,  Iliaca, 

Ileus — p.  Isohiadica,  Neuralgia  femoro-popHtssa 
—  p.  Pleuritioa,  Pleuritis  —  p.  Stomaehioa,  Dys- 
pepsia—  p.  Ventriculosa,  C  celiac  flux  —  p.  Vomi- 

coflua.  Phthisis  ].u  1  im >n :i  1  is. 

PASSION,  Pat'tio,  An'imi  Path  'ma,  Affee'tum, 
Ewto'tiOffrom  potior, pastas,  'to  sutler.'  An  active 

affection  or  emotion  of  the  mind;  as  rage,  ter- 
ror, love,  hatred.  oVo. 

P  IB8IOM  Flowrr,  D  v  vi. r.  win,  Pasaiflora  lau- 
rifolia — ;>.  Hyettriqn*,  Hysteria  —  p.  Iliac,  Ileus. 

PASSI0NE8  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the  mind. 

PASSIVE,  Posei'vae.  Same  etymon  as  Pas- 
sion.    An  epithet  for  diseases  which  seem  owing 


PASSUL.E   MAJORES 


686 


PATELLA 


to  a  greater  or  less  diminution  of  the  strength, 
or  which  are  without  apparent  reaction.  Thus, 
passive  hemorrhages  are  such  as  supervene  in 
debilitated  individuals,  or  under  conditions  in 
which  increased  action  of  the  arteries  can  scarcely 
be  presumed.  The  term  passive  has,  also,  been 
fiven  to  aneurisms  of  the  heart  with  extenuation 
of  the  parietes  ;  in  opposition  to  active  aneurisms, 
with  thickness  of  the  parietes  —  hypertrophy. 

PASSUL.fi  MAJORES.  see  Vitis  vinifera  — 
p.  Minor  es,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

PASSULA'TUM,  (Uvce  pane,  'raisins,  dried 
grapes.')  A  medicine  in  which  the  pulp  of  raisins 
is  a  chief  ingredient. 

PASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This  vil- 
lage is  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris  There  are  seve- 
ral springs,  containing  sulphates  of  lime,  iron, 
and  magnesia,  alum,  common  salt,  carbonate  of 
iron,  carbonic  acid,  &o.  They  are  employed  as 
a  tonic  and  astringent. 

PASTA  DE  ALTHiEA,  Paste,  marshmallow 
—  p.  Amysrdalina,  Confection  (almond)  —  p.  de 
Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  p.  Emulsiva,  Confection 
(almond)  —  p.  de  Jujubis,  Paste  of  jujubes  —  p. 
Regia,  Confection  (almond). 

Pasta  Glycyrrhi'z^e  Gitmma'ta  et  Anisa'ta 
seu  Jfassa  de  extracto  glycyrrhi'zai.  A  compound 
of  extract  of  liquorice,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  Flo- 
rence orris-root,  and  volatile  oil  of  aniseed.  De- 
mulcent. 

Pasta  Zinci  Chlo'ridi,  (F.)  Pate  de  Canquoin, 
Paste  of  Chloride  of  Zinc,  Canquoin's  Caustic 
Paste.  This  paste  is  made  of  three  strengths, 
consisting,  respectively,  of  chloride  of  zinc,  1 
part ;  wheaten  four,  parts  4,  3  and  2  ;  water  suffi- 
cient to  make  a  paste.  This  caustic  destroys  the 
part  in  a  direct  ratio  with  the  thickness  of  the 
layer  applied. 

PASTE,  Pasta,  (F.)  Pate.  A  viscid,  tenacious 
mixture.  Also,  a  compound  medicine,  like  the 
pastil,  but  less  consistent,  flexible,  less  saccha- 
rine, and  more  mucilaginous. 

A  convenient  paste  for  attaching  labels  to  glass, 
or  for  other  services,  is  made  of  gum  tragacanth 
and  water,  to  which  alum  is  added.  This  the  author 
always  keeps  by  him.  Another  form  is  to  make  a 
solution  of  Gum  Arabic,  3|j,  boiling  water,  f^ij, 
and  glycerin,  f^ij  ;  and  another  is  made  by  mixing 
powdered  Gum  Arabic,  and  powdered  tragacanth, 
of  each  £ss,  icater,  f^jiss,  acetic  acid.  TT^xx. 

Paste,  Cagliari,  see  Turundae  Italicae. 

Paste  op  Chloride  of  Zinc,  Pasta  Zinci 
chloridi. 

Paste,  Date,  Massa  seu  Pasta  de  dac'tylis. 
Composed  of  dates,  sugar,  gum  Arabic,  water,  and 
orange  flower  icater. — Ph.  P.     Demulcent. 

Pastk  op  Iceland  Moss,  Pasta  Liche'nis,  (F.) 
Pdte  de  lichen.  A  paste  made  by  boiling  lichen 
Islandieus  to  a  proper  consistence,  and  adding 
gum  Arabic  and  sugar. 

The  Pate  de  Lichen  opiacee  contains  opium  in 
addition  ;  about  Jd  of  a  grain  to  an  ounce. 

Paste,  Italian,  see  Turundse  Italicae. 

Paste  op  Ju'jubes,  Pasta  de  ju'jnbis,  Ilassa 
de  zizypho'  nun  fructu,  (F.)  Pdte  de  Jujube.  Com- 
posed of  jujubes,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  icater,  and 
tincture  of  lemon-peel.     Demulcent. 

Paste,  Marsh  jial'low,  Massa  de  gummi 
Arab'ico,  Pasta  de  altha'd,  (F.)  Pdte  de  Gui- 
inanve.  A  compound  of  gum  Arabic,  sugar,  white 
of  egg,  and  orange-flower  water. — Ph.  P.  It  is 
demulcent. 

Paste,  Tooth,  Dentifriciura  —  p.  Vienna,  see 
Powder,  Vienna — p.  Ward's,  Confectio  piperis 
uigri. 

PASTEL,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

PASTE  QUE,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

PASTIL,  Pastil' Im,  Diocres,  Avic'ula  Cip'ria, 


Cande'la  fuma'lis,  Phthois,  Phthois'cus.  A  com- 
pound of  aromatic  substances  in  various  shapes; 
used  as  a  fumigating  material  when  set  fire  to. 
See  Fumigation. 

The  French  use  the  term  Pastille,  (L.)  Pastil- 
lus,  for  a  solid,  dry,  round,  oblong,  square,  or 
triangular  compound,  whose  base  is  essential  oil, 
and  sugar  the  excipient.  These  pastilles  are  in 
fact  small  lozenges,  and  only  differ  from  the 
txb/ette  in  their  smaller  size.  They  are  termed, 
also,  Saccharoles  solides. 

PASTILLE,  see  Pastel. 

PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES  D'HAUTE- 
RIYE-VICHY,  see  Trochisci  Sodae  bicarbouatis 
— p.  Fumigating,  see  Fumigation  — p.  de  Vichy, 
see  Trochisci  Sodas  bicarbonatis. 

PASTILLI  DIGESTIVI  DARCETII,  see 
Trochisci  Sodae  bicarbonatis  —  p.  Einetinte  Pec- 
torales,  Trochisci  emetinaa  pectorales. 

Pastil'li  de  Mentha  Piperi'ta,  Peppermint 
drops.  (Sacch.  alb.,  aqua-,  mentha  pip-,  aq.  des- 
stillat.iia^ij.  Boil  to  the  consistence  of  an  elec- 
tuary. Take  of  fine  white  sugar  in  powder,  t^iv; 
volatile  oil  of  jieppermint,  ^ss.  Mix,  and  add 
the  electuary  whilst  warm.  Drop  it  then  on 
marble,  and  dry  the  drops. — Ph.  P.) 

PASTILLUS,  Pastil. 

PASTINACA  ALTISSIMA,  P.  opoponax— p. 
Anethum,  Anethum  graveolens  —  p.  Graveolens, 
Anethum  graveolens — p.  Opaca,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Opop'anax.  Ord.  Umbelliferae. 
The  name  of  the  plant  which  furnishes  the  Opo- 
ponax. The  plant,  whence  the  gum  resin  is  ob- 
tained, has,  also,  been  called  Fer'ula  opnp'onax 
!  seu  apop'onax,  Pastina'ca  altiss'ima,  Laserpit'- 
ium  seu  Seli'num  chiro'nium,  Opopana'cum.  Pa- 
nax heracle'ttrn  seu  costi'num,  Pastina'cea,  Eyna, 
Hercules-all-heal,  Opop'anaxwort. 

Opopanax,  Opopana'cis  gummi -resi'na,  Gezir, 
Pop'anax,  Gummi  Pana'cis,  exudes  from  the  roots 
when  wounded.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  pecu- 
liar; taste,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  met  with  in 
the  shops,  in  lumps  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour, 
without;  white  within.  It  has  been  recommend- 
ed as  an  antispasmodic  and  emmenagogue;  but 
is  seldom  used.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  ^j,  in  powder. 

Pastinaca  Pratensis,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Sati'va,  Elaphobos'cum,  Pastinaca 
sylves'tris  seu  opa'ca  seu  praten'sis,  Ane'thum 
seu  Seli'num  pastina'ca,  Ban'ica,  Garden  pars- 
nep,  (F.)  Panais,  The  root  is  sweet  and  nutri- 
tious, and  is  in  esteem  as  an  article  of  food.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  diuretic  and  demulcent  in  cal- 
culous affections,  &c. 

Pastinaca  Sylvestris,  P.  sativa — p.  Sylves- 
tris  tenuifolia  officinarum,  Daucus  carota. 

PAT  ATE,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

PATCHOULI,  Pogostemon  patchouli. 

PATE,  Paste — p.  Arsenicale,  Arsenical  paste 
— p.  de  Canquoin,  Pasta  Zinci  chloridi — p.  Caus- 
tiquede  Vienne,  Powder,  Vienna — p.  de  G\n'mauve, 
Paste,  marshmallow — p.  de  Jujube,  Paste  of 
Jujubes. 

PATEL'LA,  Rot'ula,  R.  genu,  Epigon'atis.Epi- 
gon'tis,  Acromy'le,  Epigon'nis  seu  Epigu'nis  seu 
Epigo'nia,  Mola  seu  Concha  seu  Oc'ulns  seu  Orbis 
seu  Scutum  genu,  Os  scntifor'me  seu  disoforme 
seu  thyreo'i'des,  Supergenua'lis,  Caucahii'des.  31 y'- 
lacris,  Jlyle,  Gamba,  Olec'ranon  mob'ile,  (Prov.) 
Cop  bone,  (F.)  Rotu/e.  Diminutive  of  patera, 
'  a  boil,'  so  called  from  its  shape.  A  sort  of  sesa- 
moid, flat,  short,  thick,  rounded  bone,  situate  in 
front  of  the  knee,  and  enveloped  in  the  substance 
of  the  tendon  common  to  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  leg.  The  posterior  surface  of  the  patella 
is  divided  into  two  facettes,  united  angularly, 
which  are  encrusted  with  cartilage,  and  each  of 
which  is  articulated  with  one  of  the  condyles  of 


PATENCY  OF  THE  FORAMEN  OVALE  G8' 


PAVILION 


the  femur.     The  patella  ii  developed  by  a 
Mint   0»   ossification.       When   the  patella  i.-  frae- 
tured,  it  is  difficult  to  produce  bony  anion.     This 
can  only  be  accomplished  l>y  keeping  the  frac- 
ture.I  extrea  j  in  apposition. 

Patblla,  Cup —  p.  Fixe,  Olecranon. 

PATENCY    OF    THE   FORAMEN    OVALE, 
inopathy. 

PATENT  MED'ICINE,   Midecin*  brevette  ou 
U    oil  i„,t<  „ii.     A  medici- 
nal compound,  lor  the  sale  of  which  the  pr 
obtain*  from  government  an  exclusive  privilege. 
ification  of  hid  invention  must  1>Y>  registered 
in  the   Patent   Office,  and,  hence,  it  ditl'ers  from 
•  medicine. 

PATER  OMNIUM  VIVENTIUM,  Ten  is. 

PATER  V  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 

PATEUX,  Clammy. 

PA  111  i:  MA.  Affection,  Disease. 

P  U'l  HEMATOLOGY,  Pathology. 

PATHET'IC,  Pathet'irue,  from  naOtu),  'I  feel.' 
That  which  moves  the  passions.  A  name  given 
to  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  and, 
tlso,  to  a  nerve. 

Pathbtic  Mi  sci.K,  Ohlique  superior  of  the  eye. 

Pathbtk  Nbrvb,  Nervu*  Paiketfieu*  seu  fro- 
I  trochleato' riita  sen  trochlea'tor,  the 
4th  pair  of  nerve*,  /'<ir  qnartum,  (F.)  Oculo-mu*- 
vulnire  interne  (Ch.),  Nerf  pathitique,  is  the 
smallest  encephalic  nerve.  It  arises  behind  the 
interior  part  of  the  tubercula  quadrigemina  (testes) 
at  the  lateral  parts  of  the  valvula  Vieussenii.  Its 
mite  into  one  thin  round  cord,  which  makes 
a  turn  upon  the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  and  passes 
into  a  canal  of  the  dura  mater,  near  the  posterior 
alinoid  process.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  broad- 
Mi  parts  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  terminates 
in  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  by  divi- 
ding into  several  filaments, 

PATHETISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 

PATHIC,  Morbid. 

PATHICAL,  Morbid. 

PATH  1 1  IS.   Morbid. 

PATHNE,  Alveolus. 

PATHOGENETIC,  Pathorjrnet'icwi,  Pathn- 
gen'ii  a*.  Same  etymon  as  Pathogeny.  Relating 
to  pathogeny. 

Pathogenetic  Physiology,  Physioiog"ia  po- 
et'ica.     That  part  of  physiology  which  re- 
the  origin  of  disease. 
PATHOGENICUS,  Pathogenetic. 
1'A  rHOG"ENY,     Pathogen'ia,     Noeogen'eeu, 
''in,    from    it<iS<k,  'a   disease.'  and   yzvtoi<;, 
l  iiion.'      The  branch   of   pathology   which 
-  to  the  frencration,  production  and  develop- 
ment of  disi 

PATHOGNOMONIC,  Pathognomonics,  Sia- 

turn  sen  characterii' ticttm  sen  morbi 

ilij    from  iraSos,    'an    affection,'  and  y«- 

vvoku),  '  I  know.'     A  characteristic  symptom  of  a 

PATHOG'RAPHT,    Pathograph'ia,    from   na- 
3ou  'disease,'  and    ypwpu,  'I    describe.'     A   de- 
ise. 
PATHOLOGIA,    Pathology— p.    Humoralis, 
Humorism  — p.  Solidaris,  Bolidism. 

PATHOLOG"IC  \L.  Pathilog"ietut  Pathol' o- 
'athologique.      Same   etymon    as   pn- 
thology.     Relating  to  pathology.     Often  used  in 
rise  of  pathicaL 

CAI     \  v  \tomv.  see  Anatomy. 
PATHOLOGIST,  Pathol' ogui.    Same  etymon. 
One  versed  in  pathology. 

PATHOL'OG  V,   Pathematol'ogy,   Patko?oo"ia, 
Patholog"ici,    Iron,     t,«£<k,   'a 
.'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'      The  branch 
whose  objeci  is  the  knowledge  of  dis- 
ease.    It  has  been  defined  ditented  phytiology, 


and  phneiology  <>/  dieeaev.     It  is  divi  led  i 

in  in/  and  ipeeiaL     The  firti  con-,, 

in  common:  —  the  teoond,  the  particular 

of  each.     It  is  subdivided  into  internal  and  esj- 

t>  riial,  or  medical  and  eurgioaL 

Path .v.  Hi  HOB  M  .  Humorism. 

PATHOMA'NIA,  Parapathi'a,  Moral  /,,*.,- 
nity,  from  >•£•$,  '  ;<  •  {'■-•  aae,J  and  mania,  ifu'nia 
/'■  lir'io,  A  morbid  perversion  of  the  natu- 
ral feelings,  affections,  inclinations,  temper.  De- 
bits, moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulses, 
without  any  remarkable  disorder  or  defect  of  the 
intellect,  or  knowing  and  reasoning  faculties,  and 
particularly  without  any  in.-anity  or  halluci- 
nation. 

PATH0MY0T0M1A;  from  n.Oog,  'affeotion,1 
ftvi  or  MVMV,  '  muscle,' and  tok?;,  "incision.'  The 
title  of  a  work  by  Dr.  John  Bulwer  (1649),  being 
"a  disseetion  of  the  significative  muscles  of  the 
affections  of  the  mind." 

PATHOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PATHOS,  Affection,  Dil 

PATIENCE,  Kuniex  patientia  —  p.  d'Eau, 
Rnmez  bydrolepathum  —  p.  Garden,  Rumes  pa- 
tientia— p.  Range,  ltumex  sanguineus  —  p.  Sou- 
vii/i ,  Rnmex  acutus. 

P  ITIIAT.  Bee  Sick. 

PATIENT  (>F  DEATH,  Agony. 

PATIENTIA,  Rumes  patientia. 

PAT  I  K.NTI.K  MUSCULUS,  Levator  scapula?. 

PATNE,  Alveolae. 

PATOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PATOR  NA'RIOM.  The  cavity  or  the  open- 
ing  of  the  nostrils. 

PATRATIO,  Ejaculation,  (of  sperm.) 

PATKINIA  JATAMANSI,  Nardua  Indica, 

PA  TTE  D'OIE  (F.),  '  Goose's  foot.'  An  apo- 
neurotie  expansion,  which  covers  the  internal 
surface  of  the  tibia  at  its  upper  part,  and  consists 
of  the  expansion  formed  by  the  tendons  of  the 
sartorius,  gracilis,  and  semi-tendinosus  muscles. 

PATURSA,  Syphilis. 

PAU,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pau  is  the  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  and  is 
about  150  miles  from  Bordeaux,  and  oh  from 
Bayonne.  The  climate  corresponds  with  that  of 
the  south-west  of  France  generally:  its  great 
quality  is  the  comparative  mildness  of  its  spring, 
and  exemption  from  cold  winds.  It  is  regarded 
as  a  favourable  winter  residence  for  invalids  la- 
bouring under  chronic  affections  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  It  is  too  changeable  for  the  con- 
sumptive; and  to  be  avoided  by  the  rheumatic. 

PAULLIN'IA.  This  is  an  extract  from  a  plant 
of  the  same  name  in  Brazil.  It  is  prepared  by 
the  Indians,  and  appears  to  possess  excitant 
powers.  In  Bra/.il,  and  the  neighbouring  coun- 
tries, it  is  given  in  the  form  of  tisam — the  pow- 
der being  mixed  with  cocoa  —  in  diarrhoea  and 
dysentery.  It  has  been  employed  also  sa  a  tonic. 
An  extract  is  prepared  in  Brazil  from  Paullinia 
tor'bilie,  Ord.  Sapindaceas,  known  there  under 
the  name  of  Guarana,  which  is  administered  iu 
similar  pathological  eases. 

PAUME  />/■:  /..I  WAIN,  Palm. 

PAUNCH,  Inglu 

PAFOXTA,  Sedatives. 

PAUPTMrB,  Palpebra, 

PAUSIME'NIA,  from  xavats,  'cessation,' and 
fttjvfi;,  'menses.'      Cessation  of  the  no 

I'W  \\  \  WOOD,  Croson  tigiium. 
/'.I  VANNB,  Lanrns  sassafras. 

PAVIL'ION.  The  French  give  the  name  pa- 
vilion, to  the  expanded  extremity  of  ■  canal  or 
cavity,  —  for  example,  of  S  catheter.  Bound,  Ao. 

PAVILION  ok  tiik  F\n,  Ann'e'nfa,  Pinna, 
O'timn,  Ala,  (F.)  Anncnle  on  (),i,„l..  Pavilion 
de  Vureille,  is  seated  behind  the  cheeks,  beneath 


PAYILLOX  DE  L'OREILLE      G88 


PECTORALIS   IXTERXUS 


the  temple,  and  anterior  to  the  mastoid  process. 
Its  size  varies  in  individuals.  It  is  free  above, 
behind,  and  below.  Anteriorly  and  within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  neighbouring  parts.  Its 
outer  surface  has  several  prominences,  the  Helix, 
Anthell.r,  Tragtu,  Antitrague,  and  Lobe;  and  se- 
veral cavities — the  groove  of  the  Helix,  the  fossa 
iwvicularis  seu  scapho'ides,  and  the  Concha.  The 
skin  which  covers  the  pavilion  is  very  fine,  and 
studded  with  a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles. 
The  auricle  is  fixed  to  the  head  by  three  fibro- 
areolar  ligaments  ;  —  a  superior,  anterior,  and 
posterior. 

PAYILLOX  DE  L'OREILLE.  Pavilion  of 
the  ear — p.  de  la  Tvompe,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

PAYIMEXTUM  CEREBRI,  Base  of  the 
brain. 

PA  VINA,  iEsculus  hippocastanum. 

PAVITA'TIO,  Tremor;  from  pavitare,  pavi- 
tatum,  •  to  tremble  from  fear.'  Trembling  from 
fright. 

PAVOPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PAYOR  (L.),  Dread.  Great  fright.  Pano- 
phobia. 

Pavo'res  Xoctcr'xi  seu  Dormien'ticm.  Fear 
during  sleep. 

PAYOT,  Papaver. 

PAW,  Manas. 

PAWPAW,  see  Carica  papaya. 

PAXWAX.  see  Xucha. 

PAXYWAXY,  see  Xucha. 

PAZAHAR,  Bezoar. 

PEA.  Pisum  —  p.  Garden,  Pisum — p.  Ground 
Squirrel.  Jeffersoniana  Bartoni — p.  Hoary,  Galega 
Yirginiana — p.  Love,  Abrus  precatorius — p.  Xut, 
Arachis  hypogea  —  p.  Partridge,  Cassia  ehamse- 
crista  —  p.  Turkev,  Galena  Yirginiana. 

PEACH  BRAXDY,  Amygdalus  Persica  — p. 
Tree,  Amygdalus  Persica  —  p.  Wood,  see  Caesal- 
pinia. 

PEAGLE,  Primula  veris. 

PEAR,  see  Pyrus  rnalus  —  p.  Avocado,  Persea 
gratissima. 

PEARL.  Perla,  Mar'gamn,  Marr/ari'ta,  Mar- 
geVlium,  Marge'Us,  U'nio,  (F.)  Perle.  A  round- 
ish concretion  of  a  silvery  white  colour,  and  bril- 
liant polish,  found  in  several  shells,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  Avic'xla  margaritifera,  which  has, 
hence,  been  called  Mater  perlarum,  Margari'ta, 
and  Mother  of  pearl,  and  is  much  used  in  the 
fabrication  of  handles  for  surgical  instruments, 
<fec.  Pearls  were  formerly  given  in  powder  as 
astringents  and  antacids.  They  consist  of  lime 
and  an  animal  matter. 

Pearl  Ash,  Potash  of  commerce. 

Pearl.  Mother  of,  see  Pearl — p.  White,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of. 

PEAU,  Cutis — p.  Divine.  Condom. 

PEAUCIER.  Platvsma  mvoides. 

PEC  AX  or  PECCAX  XUT,  see  Hickory. 

PECCAXT,  Peccans,  from  peccare,  'to  sin.' 
Morbid,  not  healthy.  An  epithet  given  by  the 
humourists  to  the  humours  when  erring  in  quality 
or  quantitv.     See  Materia  Morbosa. 

PECHAX.  Stomach. 

PECHEDEOX.  Perina?um. 

PECHEGUERA.  A  pulmonary  affection  af- 
fecting children  three  or  four  months  old  in  South 
America,  which  is  promptly  fatal. 

PECIIER.  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PECHIAGRA,  Pechvagra. 

PEC  HIXG.  Anhelatio. 

PECHU'RIM  seu  PICHU'RIM  CORTEX.  A 
highly  aromatic  bark,  the  produce  of  a  species  of 
laurus.  It  is  extremely  fragrant,  like  cinnamon, 
which  it  greatly  resembles  in  its  properties.  In 
Portugal  it  is  used  in  the  cure  of  dysentery,  &c. 
See  Piehurim  beans. 

PECH'YAGRA,  Pech'iagra,  Ancon'agra,  Pec- 


tihagra,   from   -rrjxvi,    'the   elbow,'  and  aypa,  'a 
seizure.'      Gout  affecting  the  elbow. 
PECHYS,  Elbow. 

PECHYTYKBE.  Porphyra  nautica. 
PECKISH,  Hungry. 
PECTE.  Cheese. 

PECTEX,  Pubes.     Also,  a  comb. 
Pecten    Dentium,    see    Sepes  —  p.    Veneris, 
Scandix  cerefolium. 

PECT  111  AGRA,  Pechvagra. 

PECTIX,  from  r^^ros,  'coagulated,  curdled.' 
A  name  given  by  Braconnot  to  a  principle  which 
forms  the  basis  of  vegetable  jelly.  It  is  exten- 
sively diffused  in  the  juices  of  pulpy  fruits  and 
roots,  especially  when  they  are  mature  :  and  oc- 
casions these  juices  to  coagulate  when  they  are 
mixed  with  alcohol  or  boiled  with  sugar. 

It  is  the  basis  of  one  of  the  classes  of  elemen- 
tarv  principles  of  Dr.  Pereira — the  pectinaceomtt 

PECTIXACEOUS,  Pectinous. 

PECTIXA'LIS,  from  pecten,  pectinis,  'the 
pubes;'  Pectince'ns,  Mhs'cvIus  liv'idus,  Pectinn'- 
tus,  (F.)  Pubio-femoral,  Sitxpttbio-fe moral  (Ch.), 
Pectini.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inner  and 
I  upper  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  tri- 
angular;  is  attached,  above,  to  the  space  which 
separates  the  ileo-pectineal  eminence  from  the 
spine  of  the  os  pubis;  and,  below,  by  a  flat  ten- 
don, to  the  oblique  line  which  descends  from  the 
lesser  trochanter  to  the  linea  aspera.  The  pecti- 
nalis  bends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and  carries 
it  outwards  in  adduction  and  rotation.  It  may 
also  bend  the  pelvis  on  the  thigh. 

PEC'TIXATED,  Pectiua'tus,  Pectin'iform, 
Pec'tinate,  (F.)  Pectine,  from  pecten,  pectinin, 
'a  comb.'  Having  the  shape  of  the  teeth  of  a 
comb. 

Pecttxated  Muscles,  Pectina'ti  mus'culi.  The 
fascicular  texture  observed  in  the  right  auricle 
of  the  heart:  —  Miis'culi  Auric' diet  Pectina'ti. 
Their  main  use  probably  is  —  to  prevent  the  over 
dilatation  of  the  auricles. 

PECTIXATFS,  Peetinalis. 

PECTINE,  Peetinalis,  Pectinated. 

PECTIXEUS,  Peetinalis. 

PECTIXIFORM,  Pectinated. 

PEC'TIXOUS,  Pectina' ceus,  Pectino'sus,  Pec- 
tin a 'ceous,  from  pectin.  Of  or  belonging  to  pec- 
tin or  vegetable  jelly, — as  a pecii)ious  or  jjectina- 
ceous  vegetable  principle. 

PECTORAL,  from  pectus,  pectoris,  'the 
breast'     Relating  to  the  breast.     See  Pectorals. 

PECTORAL,  GRAND,  Pectoralis  major. 

PECTORALE.  Corset. 

PECTORALIS  IXTERXUS,  Triangularis 
sterni. 

Pectora'lts  Ma jor,  from  pectus, pectoris,  'the 
breast.'      Pectora'lis,    Sterna  -  cleido  -  brach  ia'lis, 
(F.)   Sterno-costo-clavio-humeral,   Sterno-hnmfral 
(Ch.),  Grand  Pectoral.     A  large,  flat,  triangular 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  chest, 
before   the   axilla.     It  is   attached,   on    the    one 
hand,  by  means  of  aponeurotic  fibres,  to  the  inner 
half  of  the  anterior  edge  of  the  clavicle  ;  to  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  sternum,  and  to  the  carti- 
lages of  the  first  six  true  ribs: — on  the  other,  by 
a  strong  tendon,  which  is  inserted  at  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the  humerus.     The 
use  of  this  muscle  is  to  move  the  arm  in  various 
directions.     If  it  be  hanging  by  the  side  of  the 
body,  it  carries  it  inwards  and  a  little  forward.-. 
When  the  arm  is  raised,  it  depresses  it  and  <-ar- 
I  ries  it  inwards.     It  can,  also,  move  it  in  rotation 
|  inwards.     If   the  humerus  be  raised   and    fixed, 
jj  the  pectoralis  major  draws  the  trunk  towards  the 
!J  upper  extremity. 

Pectora'lis  Mtxor,  Scrra'tm  anti'cus  minor, 
(F.J  Costo-coracoidien  (Ch.),  Petit  Pectoral,  Pttit 


PECTORALS 


OS  9 


I'l-.l'TXCLE 


§tmteli  antiri<  ur.    This  musele  is  situate  beneath 

the  preceding,  at  the  anterior  and  upper  part  of 

st     It  i>  flat  and  triangular;  is  attached 

by  its  base,  which  appears  digitated,  to  the  upper 

1  outer  surface  of  the  3d,  4th,  and  5th 

-.  and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of 

the  coracoid  process.    The  pectoralis  minor  draws 

pula  forwards  and  downwards,  ami  makes 

ite  a  rotatory  motion,  by  virtue  of  which 

rior  angle  is  carried  backwards,  and  the 

When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 

e  ribs  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 

aids  in  the  dilatation  of  the  chest. 

rORALS,  Pectora'lia,   Thorac"ica,      Me- 
considered  proper  for  relieving  or  remo- 

:lie  chest. 
iral   Drops,  Batextax's,  consist  chiefly 
of  tincture  of  castor,  with  some  camphor  and  opi- 
ii in,  flavoured  by  aniseed.    Gray  gives  the  follow- 
•   r,   ^j  ;    ol.   atiisi,  ,^.i  :    camph. 
"-  '•  ovJ  :  proof  spirit,  a  gallon. 

A  form,  advised  by  a  committee  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Pharmacy,  is  the  following: — 
Alcohol,  dil.  cong.  iv ;   Santal.   rubr.  ras.  3jj  ;  di- 
siv;    cola,  et  adde  Pulv.  «>,,7, 
jihorcB,  aa  3 i j  ;    Ol.  auisi,  £iv. 
r  ten  days. 
TORILOQUE,  from  podus,  pectoris,  'the 
and  loqui,  'to  speak.'     One.  according  to 
Laennec,  who  presents  the  phenomenon  of  Pecto- 
a  stet 
PECTORILOQUIE,  Pectoriloquy  —  p.  C/iev- 
bonv. 
DORILOQ I'OUS  BRONCHOPHONY, see 
Pectoriloquy. 

ORIL'OQUY,  PectoriVoquism,Cav'ernous 
ilo'quia,  (F.)  Pectoriloquie,  Four  ca- 
.,     V.    articulfe.      Same    etymon.      Speech 
r>r  voice  coming   from   the  che>t.      Laennec  has 
el.  by  this  name,  the  phenomenon  often 
1  by  consumptive  individuals,  when  their 
samined  with    the  stethoscope.     The 
to  issue  directly  from   the  chest,  and 
-  through  the  central  canal  of  the  cylinder, 
—  a  phenomenon   owing  to  the  voice  resounding 
iu  the  anfractuous  cavities,  produced  in  the  lungs 
suppuration  or  breaking  down  of  tuber- 
hich    constitute  abscesses  <>r  ulcers   of  the 
lungs.     By  some,  it  is  not  separated  from  bron- 
chophony, having  beeu  termed,  at  times,  strong 
phony,  and   pectoril'oquous  bmnchophony. 
ryngophony.      Whispering  pectoriloquy  is 
that  produced  by  the  whispering  of  the  patient. 
rORO'Sl  S,    from     pectus,    pectoris,    'the 
n  ho  has  a  broad  chest. 

nn.    Thorax  — p.    Carinatum, 
aa  and  Lordosis. 
PI.'  ULIUM,  Penis. 

PEDAQB  \.  Potassse  supertartras  impurus. 
PED  \  L,  Peda'lis,  from  pes,  pedis,   'the  foot.' 
the  foot  :  —  as 
l  Apone  u  ro'sis,  ( F. )  A] 
A  thin,  aponeurotic  layer,  which   invests  the  ex- 
brevis  digitorum  pedis,  and  separates  the 
from  each  other. 
PEDBELLY,  Physconia. 
PEDES,  '  lenital  organs. 
PEDESIS,  Pulsation. 
PBDE1  HMOS,  Pulsation. 
PBD1  \l.'<il  \,  Pedional'gta,   PedioneuraVgia, 
of    the    foot,'    and    a\yog, 

'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sole  of  the  foot  Neuralgia 
of  die  foot  in  general.  An  affection  of  this  kind, 
under  the  name    Pfdionalgie,   prevailed   in    1762 

riiano  in  Piedmont,  and  in  1806  ao 
the  military  at  Padua. 
PEDICLE,  VITELLINE,  see  Vesicula  urabi- 

PBDIOl   LABIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 


PEDICULATIO,  Phtheiriaafo. 

PEDIC'l  l.l  S,  Phtheir,  Lou—,  (Prov.)  Biddy, 
(F.)  /'"»/.  Diminutive  of  / ■■  »,  pedie,  "a  foot,' 
from  its  having  many  feet.  A  genus  of 
parasitic  insects.  The  unman  body  is  infested 
with    three    kinds:    the    Body  louse,   or    Clothes- 

Pi  dic'ulu*  oeetimen'ti,  (  P. )  /'■ 
the  Head  lou*€,  Pedic'ulu*  cap'itis,  (F.)  l'«n  de 
la  ttte,  which  lives  in  the  hair:  the  Crab- louse, 
Mor'pio,  Fera'lit  pedic'ulus,  Plat'ula,  Phtki'riu* 
inguina'lie,  Pedic'ulus  Pubis,  (F.)  Morpion,  whi<  h 
infests  the  hair  of  the  pubes.     [nfusion  of  to. 

bacco,  or  mercurial  ointment,  or  ointment  of  white 
precipitate  of  mercury,  or  the  white  or  red  pre- 
cipitate of  mercury,  readily  destroys  them.  '11. e 
loU86  occurring  in  phtheiriasis,  pedie'ulne  tabei' 
cen'tium,  differs  from  the  common  louse.-    \ 

Pbdicdlds  Capitis,  see  Pediculus  —  p.  Pubic, 
Crab-louse — p.  Tahescentium,  see  Pediculus — p. 
Yestimenti,  see  Pediculus. 

PEDICURE,  chiropodist. 

PEDICUS,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

PEDIEUX  {muscle),  Extensor  brevis  digito- 
rum pedis. 

PEDIGAMBRA,  Ysambra. 

PEDILAN'THUS  T1TII VMALOI'DES,  Eu- 
phor'bia  tithymaloidee  seu  myrtifo'lia,  Jew  busii, 
Order,  EuphorbiaceSB,  grows  ill  various  parts  of 
the  West  Indies.  The  practitioners  of  CuraCOA 
give  a  decoction  in  venereal  cases.  It  i.»  also 
used  in  domestic  practice,  in  amenorrhea.  It  is, 
moreover,  known  and  used  as  Ipecacuanha. — 
Lindlev. 

PEDILU'VIUM,  from  pedes,  'the  feet,'  and 
lam,  'I  wash.'  Lavipe'dium,  (F.)  Pidiluve, Bain 
de  pied.     A  bath  for  the  feet.     See  Bath. 

PEDION,  Sole. 

PEDIONALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIONEURALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIUM,  Tarsus. 

PtiDONCULB,  Peduncle. 

PtDONGULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Peduncles 
of  the  brain — p.  </u  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia 

—  p.  du  Conarium,  Peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland 

—  p.  de  la  Glande  piueale,  Peduncles  of  the 
pineal   gland. 

PEDORA.  The  sordes  of  the  eyes,  ears,  and 
feet. 

PED'UNCLE,  Pcdun' cuius,  (F.)  Piduncvle, 
from  pes,  pedis,  'a  foot.'  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  different  prolongations  or  appendices  of 
the  encephalon. 

Pbdunclbs  of  tiif,  Braiw,  Pedun'culi  sen 
Crura  seu  Caudex  cer'ebri,  called,  also,  Crura 
anterio'ra  mcdul'IcB  oblonga'ta,  (F.)  Pfdoncniea 
du  Cerveau,  are  two  white  cords,  about  |ths  of 
an  inch  in  diameter,  on  the  outside  of  the  corpora 
albican tia.  They  arise  from  the  medullary  Buh- 
stance  of  the  brain,  and  gradually  approach,  till 
they  join  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  formed, 
internally,  id' a  mixture  of  cineritious  and  medul- 
lary matter;  the  former  of  which,  being  of  a 
darker  colour  at  one  part  than  in  any  other  part 
of  the  brain,  has  hern  called  Locks  niger  erurum 
cerebri,  Substantia  nigra  pedun'culi, 

PsDUKCLKS  ot  mi:  CEREBELLUM,  Pedun'culi 
Si  ii  i  rura  a  ri  bel'li,  palled, also,  Crura  posterio'ra, 
are  six  in  Dumber,  three  on  each  Bidl — a  superior, 
a  middle,  and  an  inferior.  The  superior  pedun- 
!l  cles  are  generally  known  as  the  Processus  eere- 
belli  ad  testes,  dura.  cerebeVli  ad  cor'pora  quad- 
rigem'ina,  Bra'chia  copulati'va:  the  inferior  are 
the  Processus  cerebelli  ad  medullam  oblongata m ; 
and  the  middle  are  called,  also,  Cert  bt  Vlar  ped'uti' 
ci,s — Proccs'eus  sea  Crura  cerebel'li  </</  pontem, 
Bra'chia  pontie, 

l'i;iu  v  LSI,  Inferior,  of   mi:   Cebbbblluv, 


PEDUXCULUS 


0  9  0 


PELYI-TROCHAXTEB.IAN 


Corpora  restiformia — p.  of  the  Medulla  oblongata, 
Corpora  restiformia. 

Peduncles  of  the  Pine'al  Gland,  Pedunculi 
cona'rii,  (F.)  Pidoncules  de  la  glande  pineale,  P. 
du  Conarium,  are  two  medullary  bands  or  strips, 
which  seem  to  issue  from  the  pineal  gland,  and 
proceed  on  each  side  upon  the  upper  and  inner 
region  of  the  optic  thalami.     See  Pineal  Gland. 

Pedunculi  Cerebelli,  Peduncles  of  the  Cere- 
bellum—  p.  Cerebri.  Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  p. 
Conarii,  Peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland,  see  Pineal 
gland  —  p.  Medullas  oblongata?,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

PEDUXCULUS.  Peduncle. 

PEGA.  Canthus  (lesser). 

PEGAXEL^E'OX,  Oleum  ruta'ceum,  O'leum 
rutce,  from  xiyavov,  'rue/  and  eXaiov,  'oil.'  Oil 
of  Rue. 

PEGAXUM.  Rata. 

PEGMIX,  Coriuui  phlogisticum. 

PEIXE.  Hunger. 

PEIXOTHERAPIA,  Limotherapeia. 

PEIRA.  Effort,  Experience,  Xisus. 

PELA'DA,  (F.)  Pelade.  A  word  of  uncertain 
origin,  applied  to  alopecia,  especially  to  that  re- 
sulting from  syphilis.     See  Alopecia. 

PELA'GIA.  A  kind  of  scaly  erysipelas  of  the 
bands  —  sometimes  of  the  legs,  at  others,  of  the 
face.     Pellasrra  [?]. 

PEL  AGRA,  Pellagra. 

PELARGO'XIUM  AXCEPS,  Peris'tera  an- 
ceps.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Gera- 
niaceae,  the  decoction  of  which  is  used  by  the 
Malays  in  amenorrhcea,  and  to  promote  parturi- 
tion and  abortion. 

Pelargonium  Antidysenter'icum,  Jenkinao'- 
via  antidysenter'ica.  This  South  African  plant  is 
used  by  the  natives  in  dysentery.  It  is  boiled  in 
milk. 

Pelargo'nium  Cuculla'tum.  Common  along 
the  side  of  the  Table  Mountain.  It  has  been  re- 
commended in  decoction  as  an  enema  in  colic, 
nephritis,  and  suppression  of  urine.  It  is  an  ex- 
cellent emollient,  and  was  formerly  exported  to 
Holland  under  the  name  Herba  Althce'ce. 

Pelargo'nium  Triste,  Polyac'tium  triste.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  is  somewhat  astringent,  and  is  used 
there  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  and  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

PEL'ICAX,  Pelica'nus,  Peleca'nus,  Pel'ecan, 
Pel'ecas,  ve\e<av,  from  ~c\eKau},  '  I  cleave.'  An 
instrument,  curved  at  the  end  like  the  beak  of  a 
pelican.     Its  use  is  to  extract  teeth. 

PELI'CIDE,  Pelu'de,  Mel  coc'tum.  Boiled 
honey. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

PELICOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELIDXOMA,  Ecchymoma,  Pelioma. 

PELIO'MA,  Pelidno'ma  from  reAoj,  'black.' 
A  livid  ecchymosis. — Forestus.  See  Ecchymoma. 

PEL  FOSE,  Purpura. 

PELIOSIS,  Purpura  hemorrhagica — p.  Rheu- 
matica,  see  Purpura  simplex. 

PELLA.  Cutis,  Prepuce. 

PEL'LAGRA,  Pel'agra,  Lchthyo'sis  seu  Tuber 
feu  Tmpeti'go  Pellagra,  Elephanti'asis  Ital'ica, 
Lepra  Mediolanen'sis  seu  Lombard'ica,  Scorbu- 
tus alpi'nus,  Ma'nia  pella'gria,  Erythe'ma  endem'- 
■icum  seu  pel'lagrum,  Insolazione  de  Primarera, 
Male  del  Sole,  Dermat'agra,  Erysip'elasperiod'  ica 
nervo'sa  chron'ica,  Paral'ysis  scorbu'tica,  Scurry 
of  the  Alps,  (F.)  Mai  de  misere,  Scorbut  des 
Alpes;  from  tteWq,  [?]  'skin,'  and  aypa,  '  sei7Aire.' 
A  disease,  particularly  noticed  among  the  Milan- 
ese, which  consists  in  the  skin  becoming  covered 
with  wrinkles,  and  assuming  a  scaly  appearance, 
especially  in  the  parts  exposed  to  the  air.  The 
strength  diminishes,  the  intellectual  faculties  and 


sensations  become  obscure,  and  cramps,  convul- 
sions, and  other  lesions  of  muscular  contractility 
supervene.  It  is  a  singular  endemic  affection, 
and  has  been  supposed  to  follow  everywhere  the 
introduction  of  Indian  corn  :  hence  the  name 
Rapka'nia  ma'iz'tica,  given  to  it  by  some  of  the 
Italian  physicians. 

An  affection  endemic  in  the  Asturias  is  said  to 
i  be  a  variety  of  pellagra.  It  is  the  Rosa  seu  Lepra 
Astu'rica.  Mai  de  la  Rosa. 

PELLEXS,  from  pellere,  'to  drive.5  Driving; 
impelling. 

Pellen'tia  Medicamen'ta  are  medicines  that 
promote  the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  or  hae- 
morrhoidal  flux. 

PELLICULA  OYI,  Membrana  putaminis— p. 
Summa.  Epidermis  —  p.  Superior,  Epidermis. 

PELLICULA  CORDIS,  Ostiola  cordis. 

PELLIS,  Cutis  —  p.  Summa,  Epidermis. 

PELLITORY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineutn  —  p. 
American,  Parietaria  Pennsylvania — p.  Bastard, 
Achillea  ptarmica  —  p.  of  Spain,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  p.  Wall,  Parietaria. 

PELMA,  Sole. 

PELOIUE'MIA,  (F.)  PeloUmie,  from  -v\os, 
'dirt,'  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  is  thick,  syrupy,  and  of  a  very 
dark  colour  —  as  in  diseases  of  the  blood,  gan- 
grene, &c, 

PELOR.  Monster. 

PELORIA,  Monster. 

PELORIUM,  Monster. 

PELORUM.  Monster. 

PELOTE  DE  MER,  Pila  marina. 

PELTALIS  seu  PELTATUS  CARTILAGO, 
Thyroid  cartilage,  Xiphoid  cartilasre. 

PELTAX'DRA  YIRGIX'ICAr  from  rcArJ 
'a  target,'  and  avrjp,  'for  anther,'  from  the  shield- 
shaped  stamens.  Arum  Virgin'icum,  Calla  seu 
Lecon'tia  seu  Rensselaeria  Yirgin'ica,  Arrow 
Arum,  Taraho,  Wampee  ;  indigenous;  of  the 
Order  Araceaa.  The  fresh  roots  and  seeds  are 
acrid  stimulants,  like  Arum. 

PELTIDEA  AMPLISSIMA,  Lichen  caninus 
—  p.  Aphthosa,  Lichen  aphthosus  —  p.  Canina, 
Lichen  caninus  —  p.  Leucorrhiza,  Lichen  caninu3 
— p.  Malacea,  Lichen  caninus — p.  Spuria,  Lichen 
caninus. 

PELTIGERA  CAXIXA,  Lichen  caninus. 

PELUDE,  Pelicide. 

PELYIC,  Pel'vicus,  Pelvi'nus.  (F.)  Pelvien, 
from  pelvis.     Belonging  or  relating  to  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Aponeurosis,  (F.)  Aponerrose  pel- 
vienne.  A  tendinous  lamina,  given  off  from  the 
sides  of  the  pelvis,  and  from  the  entire  circum- 
ference of  the  brim,  which  passes  into  and  lines 
the  pelvis,  and  is  soon  divided  into  two  distinct 
layers:  —  one  external,  the  lateral  pelvic  or  obtu- 
j  rator  fascia,  which  continues  to  line  the  sides  of 
the  pelvis,  and  covers  the  obturator  internus 
muscle :  the  other,  internal  or  superior,  which 
passes  inwards  upon  the  side  of  the  prostate, 
bladder,  and  rectum  in  the  male,  and  of  the 
bladder,  vagina,  and  rectum  in  the  female,  in 
order  to  form  the  floor  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Cavity,  (F.)  Cavite  pelvienne.  The 
i  cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Members.     The  lower  extremities. 

Pelvic  Surface  of  the  Il'ium.  That  which 
faces  the  pelvic  cavitv. 

PELVICULA  OCULI,  Orbit, 

PELVID'YMUS,  (F.)  Pelvidyme,  from  pelt**, 
and  hh'fxos,  'a  twin.'  A  monster  united  at  the 
pelvis,  and  double  above. 

PELVI-TROCHAXTE'RIAX,  Pelvi-trochan- 
teria'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  pelvis  and 
great  trochanter.  The  Pelvi-trochanterian  re- 
gion is  formed  by  the  muscles — pyramidalis,  two 
obturators,  gemini,  and  quadratus  femoris — which 


PEL  VI  EX 


691 


PENDULUM    PAL ATI 


pass  from  the  pelvis  to  the  digital  cavity  of  4he 
trochanter. 
PEL  Yli:s\  Pelvic. 

PBLVIM'ETER,      Pelycom'eter,     Peljfo 
V  'eter,   Pyelom'eter,   (P.)   Pelvimitre,  from 

iid  ftcrpov,  'a  measure.'     A  barbarous  hy- 
brid.    This  oame  has  been  given  to  different  in- 
struments, invented  for  measuring  the  diameters 
of  the  pelvis,  and  particularly  the  antero-posterior 
i.r  fore-and-aft  diameter  of  the  brim:  —  Pelvim'- 
PelvimStrie.     Two  have    Won   chiefly 
I.  especially  by  French  practitioners: — 
d'ipaisseur,   and   the   Pelvimeter  of  Ij 
Ooutouly.      1.   The   Compas  d'ipaiaseur  or   CaV- 
lipers  of  Baudelocque,  is  formed  like  a  ]>air  of 
fompasses — with  blunt  extremities — the  branches 
of  which   can  be  moved  at  will.     One  of  t; 

i  to  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  other  on 

rum.     About  three    inches    must    be   de 

from   this   measurement  tor  the  thickness 

mons  veneris,  pubis,  and  the  base  of  the 

sacrum.     2.  The   Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly  resem- 

e  instruments  used  by  shoemakers  for  inea- 

l  the  length  of  the  foot.     The  two  branches 

are  introduced,  in  a  state  of  approximation,  into 

Jna.and  then  separated.su  that  one  touches 

:  imontory  of  the  sacrum,  the  other  comes 

1  the  os  pubis.     It  is  a  barbarous  contri- 

.  ;tnd  its  introduction  ought  never  to  be  at- 

d  on  the  living  subject.   It  does  not,  indeed, 

issible  to  introduce  it  without  mischief. 

The  finger  is,  decidedly,  the  best  pelvimeter, 

and  by  it  we  can  judge  whether  the  base  of  the 

lacrum  be  unusually  prominent.      Measurement 

of  the  pelvis  by  the  hand  has  been  called  Pely- 

mtetre' 'sis ;    from    ireXvl-,   'the    pelvis,'  xuP> 

•the  hand,'  and  ttcrpov,  'measure.' 

PELVIMETRY,  see  Pelvimeter. 

PELVIS,  Cho'ana,  Py'eloa,   Lec'ane,  (F.)  Bas- 

■  <  called  from  7rrAu?,  and  ttcWis,   'a  hasin,' 
L8e  fancied    to  be    shaped    like    an    ancient 

The  part  of  the  trunk  which  bounds  the 
aen  below.     It  is  a  large,   bony,  irregular, 
id  cavity, — open  above  and  below, — which 
supports  and  contains  a  part   of  the   intestines, 
and  the  urinary  and  genital   organs:  and   serves, 
at  the  same   time,  as  a  fixed  point  for  the  articu- 
lation of  the  lower  limbs,  the  attachment  of  their 
-.  and  the  execution  of  their  movements. 
The  pelvis  supports, behind,  the  vertebral  column, 
sustained,  before,  by  the  ossa  femorum. 
•uate,  in   the  adult,  near  the  middle  part 
of  the  body,  and  is  composed  of  four  broad,  flat, 
Unequally  thick  bones,  differing   much    in  their 
.  Bize,  and  arrangement,  which   touch,  are 
articulated  at  some  part  of  their  surface,  and   in- 
ly united   by   means   of  a  number  of  liga- 
If  these  bones,  two  are  behind, 
on  the  median  line, — the  sacrum  and  the  coccyx  : 
tiie  two  others  are  before  and  at  the  sides,  —  the  II 
ilia.     They  are    fellows,  and   unite,  before,  with 
•  her.     The   most   important   parts   of  the   j 
trical    point  of   view,   are   the 
brim  and  the  outlet.     The    Brim,  Angus' tia  abdo- 
mina'lia,    [ntro'itus,    Apertu'ra    /i</ris   tupe'rior,\\ 
Opening  or  strait  of  the  Cavity  of  the  Pel- 
Ditroit   snpirieur,  l>.  abdominal,  is  the 
i  irrow   part  which    separates  the  greater  pelvis 
!  —the  false  from  the  true,  Pelvit  vera 
\nor.    In  the  well-formed  woman  it  is  ellip- 
ind  slightly  inclined  forwards.     Its  antero- 
i  ro  pubic  or  con' jugate  diameter,  in  a 
oi»,  measures  I  ]  inches,  but  with  the 
parts,  :;jj  inches;  its  transverse  or   iliac  or 

■  .  b\    inches,    but    with    the    soft    parts    J 
•:    .nil  it-   oblique,   Diameter  «/'   Deventer, 

with    the    soft    parts.   4j    in-dies.     The    OUTLET, 
Ht/   or    ntrait,    Angus' tia 
't'lii,    [V.)    DCtroit'  inf. ',  lev  r,    />.   ,, 


forms  the  lower  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  Tho 
antero-posterior  diameter   is   b<  unt  of 

the  mobility  of  the  coccyx,  5  inches:  the  lateral, 
•1  inches.  The  Axis  of  tin:  PblVTS  is  important 
to  be  known  in  obstetrics.  The  Axit  oft 
is  indicated  t>y  a  straight  line  drawn  from  tho 
umbilicus  to  the  apex  of  the  coccyx  : — ti 
of  the  Outlet  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  first  bone 
of  the  sacrum  to  the  entrance  of  the  vagina.  An 
imaginary  curved  line  which  indicates  the  direc- 
tion of  the  canal  of  the  pelvis,  has  occasionally 
been  termed  the  gurus  of  Cams,  in  oonseqenee 
of  its  having  been  pointedly  described  by  the 
German  obstetrician. 

Pelvis  Auridm,  Cochlea — p.  Cerebri,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  brain. 

Pelvis   of  thbj   Kidney,  Pelvit  rena'lit  seu 

reuum,  Sinus,  Venter  seu  Alvus  Ilenum,  (F.)  lias* 
rinet.  This  is  a  small,  membranous  pouch,  occu- 
pying the  posterior  part  of  the  fissure  of  the 
kidney.  It  is  placed  behind  the  renal  artery 
and  vein;  is  elongated  from  above  to  below; 
flattened  from  before  to  behind;  irregularly  oval 
in  figure;  and,  below,  contracts  considerably,  to 
be  continuous  with  the  ureter.  It  receives  tho 
orifices  of  the  infundihula,  which  pour  the  urine 
secreted  in  the  kidney  into  its  cavity. 

PELVIS  MlNOR,  Pelvis — p.  Ocularis.  Senphium 
oculare  —  p.  Renalis,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p. 
Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p.  Vera,  Pelvis. 

PELYCOCIIIROMETRESIS,  see  Pelvimeter. 

PELYO  (METER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELYOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PBM'MICAN  or  PEM'ICAN.  Meat  cured, 
pounded,  and  mixed  with  fat.  It  has  been  much 
used  as  nutriment  on  long  overland  journeys. 

PEMPIIIGO'DES,  Pemphigoid,  (P.)  Pemjthi- 
gode,  from  w£/i0i|,  'a  blister,'  and  uios,  'form.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  ancients  to  the  fever  that 
accompanies  pemphigus. 

PEM'PHIGUS,  Emphly'sU  Pem'phigus,  Pom'- 
pkolyx,  from  nefi^t^,  7T£/<0(yoy,  'a  blister;'  Febris 
bullo'aa  seu  vesicula'riB  seu  ampullo'sa  seu  pem- 
phigo'det  seu  pemphingo'dee,  Exanthe'ma  aerosum, 
Morta,  Pem'phigus  morta  seu  Helvet'icua  seu 
major  seu  minor,  Morbus  bullo'sus  Beu  vesicula'ris 
seu  ampulla' ceus,  Pemphinx,  Pemphix,  Pemphyx, 
Typhus  vesicula'ris,  Vesie'ular  Fever,  Bladdery 
Ft  '•/•,  Water-blebs,  (F.)  Fievre  bulleuse  OU  Vtieic- 
ulaire,  Maladie  bnlleuae.  A  disease,  defined  to 
consist  of  vesicles,  scattered  over  the  body  ;  trans- 
parent, filbert-sized,  with  a  red,  inflamed  edge, 
bnt  without  surrounding  blush  or  tumefaction  : 
on  breaking,  disposed  to  ulcerate;  fluid,  pellucid 
or  slightly  coloured  :  fever,  typhous.  Tf  is  doubt- 
ful whether  any  such  idiopathic  fever  have  ever 
existed:  the  probability  is,  that  the  fever  and 
vesications  have  been  an  accidental  complication. 
Cullen  thinks  the  Pemphigus  Helvetian  must 
have  been  malignant  sore  throat.  If,  however, 
such  a  distinct  disease  did  exist,  it  was  probably 
only  as  an  endemico-epidemie. 

Pemphigus  Oakorjcnosa,  Rnpia  eseharorica— 
p.  Hungarians)  see  Anthrax — p.  Infantilis,  Rupia 
eschar otica  —  p.  .Major,  Pemphigus  —  p.  Minor, 
Pemphigus  —  ]>.  Morta,  Pemphigus  —  p.  Vario- 
lodcs.  see  Varicella. 

PEMPHINX,  Pemphigus. 

PEMPHIX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHYX,  Pemphid 
PKMPT.EA    FBBRI8.  Quintan. 
PK.VEA   MUCRONATA,  see  Sarcoeolla  — p. 
Sareocolla,  Sarcoeolla. 

PENCHE,  Ahdon.cn. 

PENCIL-LIKE    PE0CESSE8,   Styloid   pro- 

PENDULOUS  ABDOMEN,  Physconia. 
PENDULUM     PAL  ATI,   Velum    pendulum 
palati. 


PENETRATING 


692 


PEPSIN 


PEN'ETRATING,  Penetrans,  from  penetrare, 
penetratum,  (penitus  iutrare,)  'to  go  into.'  A 
wound  is  so  culled  which  penetrates  one  of  the 
great  splanchnic  cavities  — Vulntts  penetrant. 

A  medicine  is,  also,  so  called,  which  is  supposed 
to  p:i<s  through  the  pores,  and  stimulate. 
PBNICILLUM,  Compress,  Penicillus. 
PENICIL'LUS,     Penieillum,     Penic'ulua,    <a 
painter's  brush  ;'  diminutive  of  penis,  'a  tail/   A 
lent  or  pledget.    A  pessary.    The  secreting  glandi- 
form   extremities    of  the    venae    portae,    (Ac"ini 
biliv'si)    have  been    so    termed,  as  well   as    the 
villous  textures. 
Pexicillus,  Tent. 
PENICULUM,  Compress. 
PENICULUS,  Penicillus,  Tent. 
PENIDE,  Penidium. 
PENIDE8,  Saccharum  hordeatum. 
PEXID'IUM,    Penidium    sacchara'tum,    from 
penis,   'a  tail,'  from   the   shape  [?],   (F.)  Penide, 
Sucre  tors.  A  kind  of  clarified  sugar,  made  up  into 
rolls.     Barley  sugar .     It  is  demulcent;  see  Sac- 
charum hordeatum. 

PENIL,  Mons  veneris. 

PENIS,  'a  tail/    Caulis,  Coles,  Caules,  Caulos, 
Men-' tula,    Menta,    PhaU'us,    Farcif'era,    Posthe, 
Pros' tin  um,    Crithe,    Cor'yne,    Vomer,   Pater  om'- 
ninm    riven'tium,    Pria'pus,   Virga,   V.  viri'lis,  V. 
genita'lis,     Vere'trum,     Sathe.     Membrum     viri'le 
seu     aeminale     seu     genital  e    viro'rum,    Morion, 
Cyon,   Sic'ula,    Tentum,  IJasta,   H.  nuptia'lis,  H. 
viri'lis,  Vas,  Vas'culum,  Pecu'linm,   Vir'gnla,  Vir, 
Thyrsus,    Tensus,     Clavus,    Cauda    sal  ax,    Cauda, 
Eas'cinnm,  F.  viri'le,  Mttto.  Nervus,  N.  fistulo'sus 
seu    fistula' ris    seu    jnreni'lia,    Per'tica   per    se, 
Scopus,    Leco,    Cnrcu'lin,     Vena,     Contus,     Tel  am, 
Gurgu'lio,  Sceptnnn,   Anna,  Gla'd.ins,   Lu'bricum 
Caput,  Muti'nvs,  Pains,  Pes'sulus,  Radix,  Ramus, 
Rutab'ulum,  Anna   Ventris,  Golumna  adstana   in- 
guin'ibus,  Golumna,  Pyr'amis,  T>-abs,  Spina,  Cata- 
jjulta    viri'lis,     Verpa,    Macha>.'  ra,     Taurus;    the 
Yard,  Jifale  organ,  &c.  (F.)    Verge,  Membre  viril. 
This  organ,  the  use  of  which  is  to  carry  the  semi- 
nal fluid  into  the  female  organs  of  generation,  is 
cylindroid,  long,  and  erectile,  and  situate  before 
and  beneath  the  symphysis  pubis.     In  the  ordi- 
nary state,  it  is  soft  and  pendent  in  front  of  the 
scrotum.    During  erection,  it  becomes  elongated, 
upright,    and   assumes   a   triangular   shape.     Its 
upper   surface  is   called   the  Dorsum  penis,  (F.) 
Dos   de  la   verge ;    and,   at  its   anterior  surface, 
there  is  a  longitudinal  projection  formed  by  the 
canal  of  the  urethra.     The  two  sides  of  the  penis 
are  round,  and  its  posterior  extremity  or  root  is 
attached  to  the  pelvis.     Its  anterior  extremity  is 
free,  and  presents  the  glans,  prepuce,  and  orifice 
of  the  urethra.     The  penis  is  formed  of  the  cor- 
pora cavernosa,  the  principal  seat  of  erection  ; 
the  corpus  spongiosum    of   the    urethra,  for  the 
conveyance  of  the  urine  and  sperm  :  and  of  the 
glans,  which  terminates  the  canal.     The  Arteries 
of  the  penis  are  branches  of  the  internal  pudic. 
The  Feins  correspond   with   the    arteries.      The 
Nerves  are  from  the  internal  pudic. 

Pexis  Cerebri,  Pineal  gland  —  p.  Feminens, 
Clitoris — p.  Lipodermus,  Paraphimosis — p.  Mulie- 
bris.  Clitoris. 

PENNATUS,  Penniform. 

PEN'NIFORM,  Pennifor'mis,  Penna'tus,  from 
penna,  'a  pen,'  and  forma,  'form.'  An  epithet 
for  muscles  whose  fleshy  fibres  are  inserted  on 
each  side  of  a  middle  tendon,  like  the  feathers  of 
a  pen  on  their  common  stalk. 

PENNSYLVANIA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  The  most  celebrated  are  those  of  Bedford. 
The  Carlisle,  Ephrata,  and  Yellow  Springs  are 
also  frequented. 

PENNYCRESS,  Thlaspi. 


PENNYROYAL,  Mentha  pulegium,  Hedeoma 
pulegioides — p.  Hart's,  Mentha  cervina. 

PENNYWORT,  ASIATIC,  Hydrocotyle 
Asiatica. 

PENSACOLA,  see  Saint  Augustine. 
PENSEE,  Viola  tricolor  —  p.  Sauvoge,  Viola 
tricolor. 

PENSILIA,  Pudibilia. 
PENSY,  Viola  tricolor. 

PENTAMY'RON,  from  vcvrt,  'five,' and  nvpov, 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  ointment,  consisting  of 
five  ingredients.  These  are  said  to  have  been  — 
storax,  mastich,  wax,  opobalsain,  and  unguentum 
nardinum.  —  Paulus,  and  Aetius. 

PENTAPHAR'MACON,  from  Trzvrt,  'five.' 
and  <papna.Kov,  'remedy.'  Any  medicine  consist- 
ing of  five  ingredients. 

PENTAPHYLLUM.  Potentilla  reptans. 
PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Pentateu'- 
chus,  from  -nevrt,  'five,'  and  tcv%os,  'a  hook.' 
which  signifies  the  five  books  of  Moses — Genesis, 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  and  Deuteronomy. 
By  analogy,  some  surgeons  have  given  the  name 
Surgical  Pentateuch  to  the  division  of  external 
diseases  into  five  classes  :  —  wounds,  ulcers,  tu- 
mours, luxations,  and  fractures. 

PENTATII'ETUM,    from    tzvtz,     'five,'    and 
TiBtvai,  'to  place.'     An  ancient  plaster  consisting 
of  five  ingredients. 
PENULA,  Ingluvies. 

PENZANCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  is  the 
chief  residence  of  invalids  in  Cornwall,  England, 
during  the  winter.  It  is  situated  on  Mount's 
Bay,  about  ten  miles  from  the  Land's  End.  It  is 
5A°  warmer  in  winter  than  London  ,  2°  colder  in 
summer:  scarcely  1°  warmer  in  the  spring,  and 
only  about  2V°  warmer  in  the  autumn.  It  is  a 
very  favourable  winter  residence  for  the  phthisical 
invalid. 

PEONY,  Paaonia. 
PEPANSIS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPANTICOS,  Maturative. 
PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPAS'TIC,  Pepns'ticus,  from  -zttiuvu,  '  I  con- 
coct.'    A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power 
of  favouring  the  concoction  of  diseases.     Matu- 
rative. 

PEPEIRUS.  Concocted. 
PEPERI,  Piper. 

PEP  I  NO  (S.).  A  cucurbitacea,  which  is  culti- 
vated in  great  abundance  in  the  fields  of  Peru. 
The  pulp  or  edible  part  is  solid,  juicy,  and  well 
flavoured;  but  is  apt  to  disagree. 

PEPO,  Cucurbita  pepo — p.  Lagenarius,  Cucur- 
bita  lagenaria — p.  Vulgaris,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PEPPER.  BLACK,"  Piper  nigrum  — p.  Cay- 
enne, Capsicum  annuum  —  p.  Chilly,  Capsicum 
annuum  —  p.  Cubeb,  Piper  cubeba  —  p.  Decorti- 
cated, Fulton's,  see  Piper  nigrum  —  p.  Guinea, 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  Jamaica,  Myrtus  Pimento 
— p.  Long,  Piper  longum. 

Pepper  Busn,  Sweet,  Clethra  alnifolia. 
Pepper,  Malagtjet'a.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  fruit  or  seeds  of  several  zingibe- 
raceous  plants,  as  well  as  to  the  pimento.  It  is 
usually  considered  to  be  synonymous  with  Grand 
Paradi'si,  Grains  of  Par'adise,  and  Grana  Guine- 
en'sia,  Guinea  grains. — Pereira. 

Pepper,  Poor-Man's.  Potygonum  hydropiper 
—  p.  Tailed,  Piper  cubeba — p.  Turnip,  Arum  tri- 
phyllum — p.  Water,  Polygonum  hydropiper — p. 
Water,  of  America.  Polygonum  punctatum — p. 
Wall,  Sedum — p.  White,  Piper  album. 
PEPPERWORT,  Lepidium. 

PEPSIN,  Pepsine,  Peps'innm,  Chy'mosin,  G««- 
terase,  Diges'tive  Prin'ciple,  from  -zx^n,  '  coction,' 
'digestion.'  A  peculiar  organic  matter,  which,  in 
combination  with  the  gastric  acids,  is  considered 
to  form  the  proper  digestive  solvent.     Its  client* 


TE  PS  IX  I'M 


603 


P  E  K  I  JE  R  E  S  I S 


cal   constitution  is  unknown.     Tt   would    appear 
that  its  i'p-  -  ary  toindaoechai 

the  element*  of  the  food,  which  may  enable  the 
gastric  acids   to   act    upon    them    so  as    to  form 

PEPSINUM,  Pepsin. 
PEPSI  S,  Co(  tion,  Digestion. 
PBPTIC,  Pep'ticu$,  from   ^rru,  'I  ripen/   'I 
that  prom  »tes  digestion,  or  is 
\  so,  applied  adjectively  to  an  article 
stion. 
ru   Persuader,  see  Pilules  aloes  et  KinaB 

CONE.     A  presumed  definite  combination 
ii  the  solvent  fluid  in  the  stomach,  and  al- 
bsuninous  matters  received  into  the  organ  as  ali- 
The  same  as  Albumii 
PER,  'by  or  through,'   in    composition  often 
intensity  to  the  signification:  &s  pertuteis,  a 
:  cough. 
PER  \<  I   IT>.  Catoxys. 
PER  VRTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 
PER  OTODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
RCE-CRANE,  Perforator. 
PERCE-FEUIL I  fi'.Bupleurumrotundifolium. 
PBRCE-MOUSSE,  Polytrichum. 
PERCE-MURAILLE,  Parietaria. 
PERCE-PIERRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 
PERCEP'TA,  from  percipere,  perception,  (per, 
'■>.  i  ■  to  perceive,'  '  receive.'     A  word  used 
by  some  writers  on  hygiene  to  indicate,  in  a  gene- 
mi  manner,  the  effects  of  the  nervous  action  on 
■nal  economy:  in  other  words,  the  sensa- 
the  functions  of  the  mind,  and  their  dcte- 
■n  or  privation. 
RCEPTIBILITY,  see  Sensibility. 
CEP'TION,    Pereep'tio,     Same    etymon. 
The  appreciation  which  the  brain  has  of  an  iin- 
■  n  made  upon  an  organ  of  sense. 
PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon.  The  power 
of  perception. 

PERCOLATIO,  Filtration.  Percolation. 
PERCOLA'TION,  Percola'tio,  from  percolare, 
percolutiim,  (per,  and  colare,)' to  strain   through.' 
The    terms  per- 
oolation  and  din- 
placement       are 
applied  in  phar- 
maoy  to  an  ope- 
ration        which 
consists    in    pla- 
ting    any     sub- 
stance,   the    vir- 
;     which 
bare   to   be  ex- 
tracted       by      a 
menstruum,  in  a 
funn  el  -  shaped 
instrument,  hav- 
ing a  septum  perforated  with  holes,  or  its   tube 

.    with    cotton   or   tow,   and   pouring 
portions  of  the  menstruum  upon  it  until  all  its 
-    have  he- mi  extr  i  operation  is 

used  in   the  formation  of  certain  infusions,  ex- 
.  tinctures,  Ac. 
An  instrument  used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a 
ditplaci  r  or  pt    '<  ulator. 

PERCOLATOR,  see  Percolation. 

i,  Pt  reunion,   (per,  and 

•trike,')  (P.j  Pereuter,  Fropper.  Same 

ttymon    as  the  next.     To  strike   upon  with   the 

of  appreciating  the   resulting  sound.    To 

I 

rou'ri;  Percu$'no.  When 
r  direct   percussion   is  made  on  the 
■  men,  the  more  or  less  perfi 
nance  is  an  index  of  the  state  of  the  c ••: 


-  or  Percolator. 


organs;  and  the  physician  b  thus  aided  in  bis 

For  this  purpose  the  chest  may  he 
struck  with  the  fingers,  gathered  into  a  bundle, 
and  their  tips  placed  upon  a  level.  It  is  better, 
however,   to   employ   mediati  .   which 

eonsi.-ts  in  interposing,  between  the  point  of  the 

fingers  and  the  eh  est,  the  finger  of  the  other 
hand,  or  a  Plexim'eter,  and  striking  this  instead 
of  the  naked  cheM. 

Pi  rci  ssion,  Ai  rcultatokt,  see  Acouophonia. 

PERCUTER,  Perenss. 

PERCVTEUR    COURSE   A    MAR  TEA  U, 

i  (F.)  An  instrument  used  by  Baron  Heurteloup 
in  the  operation  of  Lithotomy,  in  which  a  ham- 
mer it  employed  instead  of  a  screw,  to  force  to- 
gether the  blades  of  the  instrument  on  the  foreign 
body. 

PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated  wine  of  herbs. 
—  Paracelsus. 

PERETERIUM,  Trepan. 

PERETORIUM,  Trepan. 

PER'FORANS,  from  perforare,  (per,  and  fo~ 
rare,)  'to  bore  through.'  A  nam.'  given  to  diffe- 
rent muscles,  whose  tendons  pa.^s  through  inter- 
vals between  the  tihres  or  tendons  of  other  mus- 
thence  called  perforated.  See  Flexor 
Longns  Digitorum,  <tc.  Under  the  name  Per- 
forating Ar'terieH,  are  included,  1.  In  the  hand — 
arterial  branches,  given  off  by  the  profound 
palmar  arch,  which  traverse  the  muscle.-  and  in- 
J  terosseous  spaces.  2.  In  the  thigh — three  or  four 
arteries,  furnished  by  the  profunda,  which  pass 
through  the  openings  of  the  abductor  magnus. 
3.  In  the  foot — the  anterior  and  superior  branches 
of  the  plantar  arch. 

Pbrporans  Casskrit,  see  Cutaneous  —  p.  Pla- 
nus, Flexor  profundus  perfonins  —  p.  Profundus, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perio- 
ral) s. 

PERFORATED  SPOT.  Locus  perforatus. 

PERFORATING  ARTERIES,  see  Perforans. 

PERFORATIO,  Perforation —  p.  Cranii,  see 
Perforator  —  p.  Intestinorum,  Enterobiasis  —  p. 
Yentriculi,  (Jastrobrosis. 

PERFORA'TION,  Perfora'tia,  Anatre'aie,  Di- 
atre'ais.  Same  etymon  as  Performs.  An  acci- 
dental opening  in  the  continuity  of  organs,  either 
from  an  external  or  internal  cause. 

Perforation,  Paracentesis — p.  <le  VE*tnmac, 
Gastrobrosis — />.  >/<■»  Inteatins,  Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

PERFORATOR,  Perforata' nun,  (F.)  Peree- 
crune.  An  instrument  for  opening  the  bead  of 
the  foetus  in  utero,  when  it  is  necessary  to  dimi- 
nish its  size.  The  operation  is  called  Cephalo- 
tom'in,  Perfom'tio  cra'nii. 

PERFORATORIUM,  Perforator. 

PERFORA'TUS.  That  which  is  pierced. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  muscles 
whose  fibres  or  tendons  separate  to  suffer  other 

parts  to  pass  through  them.  Such  are  the  Fleror 
brevi*  digitorum  pedis,  /•'.  sublimit  perforatum, 
■Ad  t'oraco-hrarhiuli*.  Also,  to  parts  that  are 
perforated  for  any  purpose  —  as  the  eubetan'tia 
P>  rfora'ta  of  the  brain. 

Pi:i:iui:  \  i  i  s  CaSSBKIT,  I  oraco-bracbialis. 

PERFRIC'I  I".  Perf rige' Hum,  Catapeyx'ie, 
i'i*.  from  perf 'rigere, perfrietum,  {per, and 
frigere,)  'to  shiver  \\ith  eold.'  Considerable  re- 
frigeration.    Great  sense  of  sold:  —  shivering. 

PERFRIGERATIO,  see  Rigor. 

PERFRIGERI1  M.  Perfrictio. 

PERFUSIO,  Fomentation  —  p.  Frigida,  see 
Affu.-ion. 

PERI,  nepi,  'about,  on  all  sides,  round  about.1 
An  augmentative  prefix.     Btenee  \ 

PERLS'RESIS,  from  pert,  and  utpcm,  'I  take 
away.'  A  sort  of  circular  incision,  which  the 
ancients  made  in  the  neighbourhood  of  large  ub- 


PEItlALGIA 


694 


PERICYSTITIS 


Bcesses.     The  periaaresis  is  now  only  practised  in  ( 
some  cases  of  tumours. 

PERIAL'GIA,  from  peri,  and  a\yog,  'pain.' 
A  very  violent  pain. 

PERIAMMA,  A  mule  turn. 

PBRIAPTON,  Amuletuin. 

PERIBLAST,  Periplast,  (F.)  Periblaste,  from 
TTtpi,  *  around,'  and  fiXuoros,  '  a  germ.'  The  amor- 
phous matter,  which  surrounds  the  endoblast,  en- 
doplast,  (F.)  Endoblaste  or  cell  nucleus,  and  un- 
dergoes segmentation.    . 

PERI13LEMA,  Catablema. 

PERIBLEP'SIS,  from  peri,  and  0\e™,  'I 
look.'  The  wild  look  that  accompanies  delirium. 
— Foesins. 

PERIB'OLE.  from  xtpipaMw,  («pi,  and  (3a\\w), 
'  I  surround.'  The  dress  of  a  person.  The  peri- 
cardium. Also,  the  translation  of  morbific  mat- 
ters towards  the  surface  of  the  body. 

PERIBRO'SIS,  Pericra'sis,  from  TitpiffpiocKW, 
{nepi,  and  /^wo-kw,  '  I  eat,')  '  I  eat  around.'  Ulce- 
ration or  erosion  at  the  corners  of  the  eyelids. 

PERICARDIAC,  Pericardial,  Pericardii- 
eus  ;  same  etymon  as  Pericardium.  Relating  to 
the  pericardium, — as  'pericardial  murmur,'  'pe- 
ricardial effusion,'  'pericardial  arteries,  veins,' 
&c,  &c. 

PERICARDIAL,  Pericardiac. 

PERICARDI'TIS,  from  pericardium,  and  tftk, 
denoting  inflammation  ;  Injlamma'tio  seu  Pleuri'- 
t%8  pericar'dii,  Oardi'tis  exter'na  seu  sero'sa  seu 
membrano' sa,  Exocardi'tis,  Injiamma'tion  of  the 
pericardium,  (F.)  Pericardite,  Inflammation  du 
Pericarde.  This  is  probably  the  proper  appella- 
tion for  most  of  those  cases  which  have  received 
the  names  of  Carditis,  Cardipericardi'tis,  Cardo- 
pericardi'tis,  and  Cardiopericardi'tis.  Along 
with  signs  of  pyrexia,  the  local  symptoms  resem- 
ble those  of  pneumonia.  Those  Avhich  point  out 
that  the  pericardium  is  the  seat  of  disease,  are 
the  following  : — pain,  referred  to  the  region  of  the 
heart,  or  the  scrobiculus  cordis, — sometimes  pun- 
gent, at  others,  dull  and  heavy  :  palpitation,  ac- 
companied with  spasmodic  twitchings  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  heart,  shooting  up  to  the 
left  shoulder:  pulsation,  and  sometimes  soreness 
of  the  carotids,  with  tinnitus  aurium  and  vertigo  ; 
the  breathing  is  by  catches;  dyspnoea  conside- 
rable; pulse  jarring,  jerking,  peculiar;  the  tongue 
white,  covered  with  a  mucous  coat,  and  the  skin 
often  bathed  in  sweat,  as  in  acute  rheumatism. 
The  physical  signs  during  the  first  period  are  as 
follows.  The  action  of  the  heart  is  generally 
evident  to  the  eye,  and  may  be  felt  by  the  hand. 
There  is  soreness  to  the  touch  over  the  intercos- 
tal spaces,  and  over  a  small  surface  in  the  epi- 
gastric region,  when  the  pressure  is  directed  up- 
wards towards  the  pericardium.  Percussion  is 
usually  natural,  but  at  times  there  is  dulness. 
On  auscultation,  the  cardiac  movements  are 
found  to  be  frequent,  abrupt,  jerking,  and  tu- 
multuous ;  often  irregular  and  intermittent.  The 
pulse  presents  corresponding  characters.  When 
effusion  of  lymph  has  occurred,  percussion  may 
be  negative,  or  be  but  slightly  affected.  On  aus- 
cultation, in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs, 
there  may  be  one  or  more  of  the  rubbing  or  fric- 
tion bruits  resembling  the  rustling  of  parchment, 
or  of  a  sawing  or  rasping  character.  In  some 
cases,  the  sound  is  like  the  creaking  of  new 
leather.  This  has  been  supposed  to  be  patho- 
gnomonic of  effused  lymph.  The  most  important 
point  in  the  pathology  of  pericarditis  is  its  con- 
nexion with  acute  rheumatism:  and  it  forms  one 
of  the  most  dangerous  occurrences  in  the  latter 
disease.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic:  in  either 
case,  it  is,  of  course,  formidable.  The  most  act- 
ive depletion  must  be  used;  with  large  doses  of 
opium,  counter-irritants,  and  all    the  means  re- 


quired in  the  most  violent  internal  inflamma- 
tions. 

Pericarditis  Exsudatoria  Sangcinolenta. 
Hajmopericardium. 

PERICAR'DIUM,  Pericar' dion,  Pcrib'oli, 
Membra' na  Cor  circumplex'a,  Involu'crum  seu 
Ar'cula  seu  Capua  seu  Cap'sula  seu  Cam'era  lev 
Indumen'tum  seu  Pannic'ulus  seu  Membra' na  Bi  >i 
Theca  seu  Saccus  seu  Sae' cuius  seu  Scrotum  ^u 
Vagi'na  seu  Vesi'ca  seu  Area  seu  Thal'amus  re* 
ga  lis  seu  Amphies'ma  seu  Bursa  Cordis,  Sac  or 
Capsule  of  the  Heart,  (F.)  Pericarde ;  from  pt  i  f, 
and  KapSia,  'the  heart.'  The  pericardium  is.  a 
membranous  sac,  which  envelopes  the  heart,  and 
the  arterial  and  venous  trunks  that  pass  from  or 
into  it.  It  is  seated  in  the  separation  of  the  me- 
diastinum, abo,ve  the  central  aponeurosis  of  the 
diaphragm,  to  which  it  strongly  adheres.  Its 
shape  is  triangular,  like  that  of  the  heart,  to 
which  it  is  fitted.  The  pericardium  is  composed 
of  two  membranes  : — the  one — external — fibrous: 
the  other — internal — serous.  The  latter,  having 
lined  the  inner  surface  of  the  external  layer,  is 
reflected  over  the  heart,  and  covers  it  entirely  ; 
without,  however,  having  the  heart  within  it:  in 
which  arrangement  it  resembles  other  serous 
membranes.  The  pericardium  envelops  the  heart; 
retains  it  in  position,  and  facilitates  its  move- 
ments by  means  of  the  serous  fluid  contained  in 
its  cavity — Cavum  pericardii — and  secreted  by 
the  membrane  —  Liquor  seu  Aqua  seu  Humor  seu 
Lympha  seu  Uri'na  Pericar'dii,  Hijdrocar'dia, 
which  it  contains  in  greater  or  less  quantity. 

The  arteries  of  the  pericardium  are  small,  a. id 
derived  from  the  superior  phrenic,  anterior  me- 
diastinal and  bronchial.  The  veins  accompany 
them,  and  open  into  the  brachio-cephalic.  No 
nerves  have  been  traced  to  it.  The  lymphatics 
enter  the  lymphatic  glands  that  surround  the 
vena  cava  superior. 

PERICARPIUM,  Epicarpium. 

PERICHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

PERICHONDRITIS,  Injlamma'tio  perichou'- 
drii,  from  perichondrium,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  perichondrium  : 
hence  Perichondritis  larynge'a; — Inflammation 
of  the  perichondrium  covering  the  larynx. 

PERICHONDRIUM.  (F.)  Perichondre,  from 
peri,  and  %ovdpos,  'a  cartilage.'  A  membrane  of 
a  fibrous  nature,  which  covers  cartilages  that  an* 
non-articular,  and  bears  considerable  analogy  to 
the  periosteum  in  organization  and  uses. 

PERICHRISIS,  Circumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICHRISTON,  Circumlitio,  Liniment 

PERICLA'SIS,  from  peri,  and  *Aaa),  'I  break. 
A  comminuted  fracture,  with  denudation  of  the 
bone.  —  Galen.  Foesins. 

PERICLYMENUM,  Lonicera  periclymenum 
—  p.  Vulgare,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 

PERICNE'MIA,  from  peri,  and  nvnuv,  'the 
leg.'  The  parts  surrounding  the  tibia; — the  tibia 
itself. 

PERICOLONI'TIS,  Pericolitis,  from  peri,  and 
colonitis.  Inflammation  of  the  areolar  tissue  sur- 
rounding the  colon. 

PERICOLPITIS,  from  peri,  ko\-os.  'vagina,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  areolar  tissue  surrounding  the  vagina. 

PERICRANIffiDE'MA,  from  pericranium, 
and  otSrjpa,  'a  swelling.'  G3dema  of  the  head, 
owing  to  fluid  effused  under  the  pericranium. 

PERICRA'NIUM,  Pericra'nion,  Pericra'nia, 
(F.)  Pericrane,  from  peri,  and  Kpavtov,  '  the  cra- 
nium/ The  periosteum,  which  covers  the  cra- 
nium externally. 

PERICRASIS,  Peribrosis. 

PERICYSTITIS,  from  pert,  Kvang,  'the  blad- 
der,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflam- 


P  E  It  I  D  E  It  I A 


005 


PERIODOSCOPE 


i  ..f  the  areolar  tissue  separating  the  blad- 

der from  the  neighbouring  parts. 

PERIDER'IA,  from  r  >  i,  and  itptj,  'the  neck.' 

twisting  of  the  cord  round  the  neck  of  the  child. 

PKRIDES'MIC,     Peridea'micue  j     from    pert, 

.1  ligament.'     Some  nosologists  hare 

.:-  name  to  isi  huria  caused  by  a  ligature 

,  the  penis  or  by  stricture  of  the  urethra. 

UDES'MIUM,  from  peri,  and  ieopos,  'liga- 

delicate    areolar   tissue    covering    a 

Diastole. 
PERIDIDYME,  see  Test 

PERID'ROMUS,  from  pert,  and  &ponoc%  'a 
course.'  The  extreme  circumference  of  the  hairs 
of  the  ;  Reus. 

PEB  .  Salutary. 

PERIGLOTTIS,  Epiglottic  gland:  Bee  Tongue. 
PERIG'RAPHE,    from    -f  iyp<i</>u>,   {rrtpi,    and 
•  1    write,'J    '1    circumscribe.'     The    apo- 

neurotic intersections  of  the  rectus  abdominis  are 
led. — Vesalius. 
PERIHEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 
PERILARYNGI'TIS,  from  peri,  larynx,  and 
ili',  denoting  inflammation.    Inflammation  of  the 
r  tissue  surrounding  the  larynx,  which  not 
infrequently  ends  in  perilaryngeal  al 
PERILYMPH,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 
PERIMYELITIS,  Meningitis,  spinal. 
PERIMYS'IUM,  Fas'cia,  from  peri,  and  ^u?, 
'a.  muscle.'     The  areolar  membrane  or  sheath  — 
i  muacula'ria — that  surrounds  a  mus 
:iculi.     The  sheath  of  the  whole  muscle  is 
termed   Perimysium  externum;    of  the   fasciculi, 
inU  mum. 
PERIN,    Peria,   from    -tpa,   'a   sac  or  pouch.' 
this  means  the  scrotum;  with  others, 
the  testicle  :  with  others,  the  vagina  :  with  others, 
itouseum  :  and  with  others,  the  anus. 
RIN^OCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 
PER]  N  A.<>  It'  1!  II A  PHY,      P(  rinaorrhaph'ia, 
from   wtmvatov,    'perinseum,'  and  pa^n.   'suture.' 
uf  the  perinseum,  (F.)  Suture  du  Pirinie, 
-  of  laceration  of  the  same. 
PERI  N  E'UM,     Inti  /■  mih'i  urn,     TnU 

Interjormin'ium,   Ititerfae'mina,   Iter  femin'- 

/'<  riii,  /'•  ri  ■        .  I  i'ra,  Plechaa, 

Am'phiplex,  Pecke'deon,  Meaos'celon,  Meaoa'celua, 

•  a,  Perince'oa,  /'•  rim'-.*,  Tramia,   Tauroa, 

fntcrforamine'um,  Cocho'ne,  Plichoa,  Meaome'rion, 

.    Re'yio    Perin&'i,    (F.)    Pirinie,    (-r/piv, 

turn'  [?].)      The    space    at    the 

inferior  region  of  the  trunk,  between  the  ischiatic 

sities,    anus    and    genital    organs.      It    is 

smaller  in   the  female   than   in   the   male  ;  has  a 

triangular  shape,  and   is   divided   into   two   equal 

v  a  median  line,  called   Raphe.     It  is  oc- 

dly  ruptured  in  labour.     At  times,  it  has 

been  made  to  extend  posteriorly  as  far  as  the  os 

1  ne  part  between  the  pudendum  and 

called  aute'rior  per  in  a' um,  to 

!  dsh  it  from  that  which  extends  from  the 

..  called  poete'rior  perina'um. 

PERIN^US,  Perineal. 

PERINE'AL,    Perincs'ua,    Perinoa'lis,    Peri- 
nea'/,*.    That    which    relates    or    belongs    to    the 
i,,.  ■</  arti  /•//.  /'.  hernia,  <fcc. 
PeRINI   \l    APONI  i  ROi  18,    l'.   ! 

■v.   .I,-/,  'ria  t» rinaa'lie,   SW- 
"'  artery  of  the  Perina'um.      A  hranch  of 
tin-  internal  pudic  distributed  to  the  perinaBam. 

PERINEAL      COTAHKODfl      Xu:Yi:,     106      BoUtio 

/.  r<-ri»e'al 
ial  and  ih  >  j,- 
•Perine'al  lig'ament —  Camper's  ligament, 
Trian'gular  lig'ament,—- which  belong  to  th< 
najum. 


l'i  i:;m:'\i   PoBBA,  Fossa  perinea'*',  leehit  ' 

:  whieli  cor- 
responds with  the  .-kin;  is  formed  anteriorly  by 
the  transversua  perinaei  muscle:   behind,  by  the 

inferior  border  of  the  glutaus  inaximus;  inter- 
nally, by  the  levator  ani  :  and  externally,  by  the 
tuber  ischii.     It  is  tilled  up  with   fat  and   fibrous 

Perineal  Tscimiua,  hchu'iin  Perinea' lie.     A 
name    given    by    Sauvages    to   retention    of  urine, 
i  by  a  tumour  seated  in  the  perinaeum. 
1'i.iiiM  ai.  Lie  lmeh  i.  see  1'.  fascia. 

PbiUMBAL  NERVE.  A  braneh  of  the  internal 
pudic;  which  is  mainly  distributed  to  the  peri- 
naeum  ami  scrotum  of  the  male;  and  to  the  vulva 
and  perinseum  of  the  female. 

Perusal  Region,  Perinseum. 

Perineal   Section,    See'tio  perinata'lie.     An 

into  the   perinanim  for  the  cure   of  stric- 
ture of  the  urethra. 

PERINEE,  Perinseum. 

PERINEPHRITIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon  pinnS- 
phritique,  from  peri,  tempos,  'kidney.'  and  iff», 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  ex- 
ternal areolar  and  fibroua  membranes  of  the  kid- 
ney, or  of  their  investing  adipose  areolar  tissue. 

PERINEPHRIC,  Bee  Kidney. 

PE  It  I  N  EURH  'X.  Neurilemma. 

PE*RIN$VRE,  Neurilemma. 

PERINYC'TIDES,  «pt,  and  v»£v»*to?,  'night* 
An  eruption  appearing  at  night  and  disappearing 
by  day. — Erotian. 

PE'RIOD,  Pe'riodna,  Periodei'a,  Periodcu'si*. 
Sta'dium,  Cireu'itua,  (F.)  Piriod-e,  from  peri,  and 
'orog,  'way;'  Circuit.  Period*  are  the  different 
phases  or  revolutions  of  a  disease, —  the  epochs 
which  are  distinguishable  in  the  course  of  a  dis- 
ease. Three  periods  are  commonly  enumerated. 
1.  The  augmentation,  increase,  or  progreae,  (/'»- 
cremen'tum ;)  2.  The  acme  or  height,  (F. )  Etat 
(Status ;)  and,  3.  The  decline  (Decrementum.) 
Some  authors  reckon  only  the  invasion  and  ter- 
mination. 

/'■  iod  \<  sometimes  used  in  describing  an  in- 
termittent, for  the  time  between  the  commence- 
ment of  a  paroxysm  and  that  of  the  next,  in- 
cluding the  fit  as  well  as  interval. 

Pkrioi>s.  Monthly,  Menses. 

PERIODEIA,  Period. 

PERIODEUSIS,  Period. 

PERIODEUTES,  Charlatan. 

PERIODICITY,  Periodic"itaa,  Rhythm,  (F.) 
PiriodieitS.  Same  etymon.  The  aptitude  of 
certain  physiological  and  pathological  pheno- 
mena, in  health  or  disease,  to  recur  at  particular 
periods,  after  longer  or  shorter  intervals,  during 
which  they  cease  completely.  Diseases,  thus  re- 
curring, are  called  periodical  or  rhyth'mieal  — 
Typo' see. 

l'ERIODOL'OGY,  Periodolog"ia;  from  neat- 
oSoi,  'a  course  or  circuit.'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.' 
The  doctrine  of  periodicity  in  health  and  disease. 

PERIODONTITIS,  (P.)  Periodontite,  Inflam- 
mation de  la  Membrane  alviolo-dentaire,  from 
peri,  ;iml  06 *vs,  oSovros,  'a  tooth.'  Inflammation 
of  the  membrane  that  line-  the  Bocket  1  fa  tooth. 

Periodontitis  Qinoiv  mm  m.  Ulitis. 

PERIOD'OSCOPE,   from   zqnoioi,   'a  period.' 
and   cKoireu,  '  I  view.'     An   instrument,   pi 
by  Dr.  Tyler  Smith,  for  the   ready  calculation  of 

the  periodica]  functions  of  the  sex.     It  consists 

of  a  movable  circular  dial,  upon  which  the  months 
and  days   are   engraved,  fixed   on    a    pivot    in    the 

centre  of  a  large  plate  on  which  are  numbered 

the  different  conditions  af  the   reproductu 

tein,  as  conception,  abortion,  premature  labour, 

hemorrhage,  labour,  «tc     By  a  knowledge  of  the 

date  of  conception,  say  November  1 1th,  ami  fixing 


TERIODUS   LUNARIS 


GOG 


PERISTOLE 


the  movable  plate  opposite  the  point  on  the  fixed 
plate  which  indicates  conception,  the  observer  is 
enabled,  at  once,  to  see,  that,  allowing  280  days 
fur  gestation,  labour  may  be  expected  about  the 
20th  of  August.  The  dial  is  made  of  card-board, 
and  is  affixed  to  a  small  volume,  in  which  its  uses 
and  applications  are  explained. 

PEUIODUS  LUNARIS,  see  Menses  —  p. 
Morbi,  Type  —  p.  Sanguinis,  Circulation. 

PERIODYN'IA,  from  peri,  and  odvvn,  'pain.' 
A  violent  and  extensive  pain. 

PERI  ONE,  Decidua. 

PERIORBITA,  Perios'teum  or'bita;,  (F.)  Pe- 
riorbite,  from  peri,  and  orbita,  'the  orbit.'  An 
appellation  used,  by  some,  for  the  periosteum 
lining  the  orbit,  which  is  a  continuation  of  the 
dura  mater.  The  inflammation  of  this  periosteum 
is  termed  Periorbi'tis  or  Periorbiti'tis,  and  In- 
jlamma'tio  perioti'tei  or'bitce. 

PERIORBITIS,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIORBITITIS,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIOSTEITIS.  see  Periostitis. 

PERIOSTEOPHYTE,  from  periosteum,  and 
<!>vu),  '  I  grow.'  An  osseous  formation,  com- 
mencing in  the  periosteum. 

PERIOS'TEUM,  Perios'teon,  Perios'teos,  Pe- 
rius'tium,  Circumossa'le,  Membra'na  ossis,  Omen'- 
tum  os'sium,  Circumossa'lis  Jfembra'na,  (F.)  Pe- 
rioste,  from  peri,  and  oareov,  'a  bone.'  The  peri- 
osteum is  a  fibrous,  white,  resisting  medium,  which 
surrounds  the  hones  every  where,  except  the 
teeth  at  their  coronse,  and  the  parts  of  other  bones 
that  are  covered  with  cartilage.  The  external 
surface  is  united,  in  a  more  or  less  intimate  man- 
ner, to  the  neighbouring  parts  by  areolar  tissue. 
Irs  inner  surface  covers  the  bone,  whose  depres- 
sions it  accurately  follows.  It  is  united  to  the 
bone  by  small,  fibrous  prolongations;  and,  espe- 
cially, by  a  prodigious  quantity  of  vessels,  which 
penetrate  their  substance.  The  periosteum  unites 
the  bones  to  the  neighbouring  parts.  It  assists 
in  their  growth,  either  by  furnishing,  at  its  inner 
surface,  as  M.  Beclard  demonstrated,  an  albumi- 
nous exudation,  which  becomes  cartilaginous,  and 
at  length  ossifies  ; — or  by  supporting  the  vessels, 
which  penetrate  them  to  carry  the  materials  of 
their  nutrition.     See  Medullary  membrane. 

Periosteum  Internum,  Medullary  membrane 
—  p.  Orbitae,  Periorbita. 

PERIOSTI'TIS,  Periostei'tis,  Inflamma' tio  pe- 
rios'tei,  from  j)eriosteum,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  periosteum. 

PERIOS'TO-MEDULLI'TIS,  (F.)  Periosto- 
viedullite,  from  periosteum,  medulla,  'marrow,' 
and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Simul- 
taneous inflammation  of  the  periosteum  and  me- 
dulla spinalis.  —  Gerdv. 

PERIOSTO'SIS,  (F.)  Periostose.  Tumour  of 
the  periosteum.  Tumours  are  so  called  which 
are  developed  on  bones,  and  formed  by  their  outer 
membrane.  These  tumours  are  more  rapidly 
developed,  have  a  less  degree  of  consistence,  and 
sooner  disperse  than  exostoses,  which  they  re- 
semble greatly. 

PERIOSTOSTEI'TIS,  (F.)  Periostosteite,  from 
periosteum,  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
fiitnmation.  Simultaneous  inflammation  of  the 
]  eriosteum  and  bone. —  Gerdy. 

PERIPIIERAD,  see  Peripheral  aspect. 

PERIPHERAL,  Peripheric,  Peripher'ical ; 
f'-om  peri,  and  (ptpu,  'I  bear.'  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  periphery  or  circumference. 

Peripheral  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
c'rcumference  of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Periph'- 
erad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to 
signify  'towards  the  peripheral  aspect.' 

^PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,  Ca- 
pillary system. 


PERIPHIMO?IS.  Paraphimosis. 
PERIPLAST,  Periblast. 

PERIPLEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia. 
PERIPLOCA  INDICA,  Hemidesmus  Indicus 
—  p.  Mauritiana,  see  Scammony. 

PERIP'LYSIS,  from  peri,  and  n\vois,  'the  act 
of  washing;'  Projiu'vium.  A  copious  dischargr 
from  any  part,  especially  from  the  bowels. 

PERIPNEUMONIA,  Peripleumo'nia,  Peri- 
pneumonitis,  True  peripueu'moiiy,  from  peri,  and 
nvcvpwv,  'the  lung.'  Inflammation  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  lungs.     See  Pneumonia. 

Peripneumonia  Bilio'sa.  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  accompanied  with  bilious  fever. 

Peripneumonia  Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis  or 
pulmonary  catarrh,  with  pain  in  some  part  of  the 
chest.     Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumonia  Notha,  P.  spu'ria  seu  pitui- 
to'sa  seu  catarrha'lis,  Pneumo'nia  notha,  Psendo- 
jieripnenmonia,  Pseudo-pneumonia,  Psiudo-jineu- 
moui'tis,  Bronchoc'ace,  Blennotho'  rax.  Obstruc'tio 
pulmo'  nnm  pituito'aa  febri'lis,  Dronchi'tis  asthen'- 
ica,  False  or  Bastard  Peripneu'mony,  (F.)  Pe- 
ripneumonie  bdtarde  ou  fausse,  Fausse  pneumonic 
An  inexact  name,  under  which  some  affections 
are  comprised  that  resemble  pneumonia:  and, 
especially  chronic  bronchitis  with  pleurodynia. 
See  Bronchitis  (chronic.) 

Peripneumonia  Pituitosa,  P.  notha. 

PERIPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia. 

PERIPNEUMONY,  Pneumonia  — p.  Bastard, 
Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumony,  Latent.  Peripneumony  whose 
symptoms  are  so  obscure  as  to  be  recognised  with 
difficulty. 

PERIPROCTITIS,  from  irepi,  'around,'  and 
npuiKTos,  'the  anus.'  Inflammation  of  the  areolar 
tissue  surrounding  the  rectum. 

PERIPSYXIS,  Catapsyxis,  Perfrietio. 

PERIPYE'MA.  from  peri,  and  wov,  'pus.' 
Suppuration  around  an  organ  ;  —  a  tooth  for  ex- 
ample. 

PERIRRHCE'A,  Perir'rhoe,  from  peri,  and 
pm,  'I  flow.'  Afflux  of  fluids  from  every  point 
of  the  body  towards  an  organ  which  has  to  remove 
them  from  the  economy.     Also,  enuresis. 

PERIS,  Perin. 

PERISCELIS.  Jarretilre. 

PERISCYPHISMUS,  Periscvthismus. 

PERISCYTHIS'MUS,  Periscy'thisis,  Peri- 
scytis'mus,  Periscy'tisis,  Periscy'phisis,  Peri- 
scyphismus,  Scalping,  from  peri,  and  J.Kv9ns,  'a. 
Scythian,'  that  is,  '  scalping  after  the  manner  of 
the  Scythians.'  An  operation  described  by  Pau- 
lus  of  iEgina.  It  consisted  of  an  incision  made 
around  the  cranium,  and  was  employed  in  ha- 
bitual weakness  of  the  eyes,  pains  of  the  head, 
&c. 

PERISPHAL'SIS,  Circumduc'tio,  from  peri, 
and  oipaX'bii),  'I  move.'  A  circular  motion  im- 
pressed on  a  luxeted  bone,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
ducing it. 

PERISSODACTYLUS,  Polydactylus. 

PERISPLENITIS,  see  Splenitis. 

PERISTALTIC,  Systaltic  — p.  Action,  Peris- 
tole. 

PERISTAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Circum- 
flexus  musculus — p.  Inferior,  Circumflexus  mus- 
culus  —  p.  Internus,  Levator  palati. 

PERISTERA  ANCEPS,  -Pelargonium  anccps. 

PERISTERIUM,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PERISTER'NA.  from  peri,  and  artpvov,  'the 
sternum.'     Thelateral  parts  of  the  chest. 

PERIS'TOLE,  Motns  Peristal'ticns  seu  com- 
presso'rius  seu  vermicula'ris  seu  testudin'eus,  from 
peri,  and  oriAAw,  'I  contract,'  'I  close.'  The 
peristaltic  action  of  the  intestines.  Motus peristal'- 
ticns, (F.)  Jfouvemoit  peristaltiqne.  It  consists 
of  a  kind  of  undulation  or  vermicular  movement, 


PERISTOMA 


COT 


TE ROC OHM  US 


in  appearance  irregular,  hut  in  which  the  circular 
the  muscular  membrane  of  the  intestine 
■••■  awards,  in 
-  ;'ne  chyme  advances  in  the  alimeu- 
:.  il:    so    that,    being    oompressed    above, 
ished  into  the  next  portion  (»!'  the  intes- 
ire  in  a   state  of  relaxation, 
n tract  inversely,  they  occasion 
'tie  action.  taltio  action 

ititary.  and  is  not  under  the  immediate 
•  of  either  brain  <>r  spinal  marrow.     It 
Cl>t, tin  time  after  death. 

[STOMA,  Peristroma. 
V1IUM,  Mouth. 

rux  villo'm; 
i  vermicula'rie,  from  peri, 
spread.'     The  villous  or  mucous 
;   the  intestines. — Castelli. 
.  I  SYS  1'  >LE,  from  p<  ri,  and  ovctoXtj,  '  con- 
traction.'    The  interval  that  exists   between  the 
and  diastole  of  the  heart,  which  is  only 


in  the  dying. — Bartholine. 
;  BRION,   Trfpan  perforatif. 
PERITESTIS,  Albuginea. 
PERITOISE,  Peritonaeum, 
rcumeision. 
PERITON^EREX'IS,     Peritonatorex'ie,    from 
meritonannii,    and    pnywut.    'to    break.'      Hernia 
jtrtned  by  the  rupture  of  the  peritonaeum. 

PERITONjE'UM,     Peritnne'um,    Peritonat'on, 
Peritonei'  on, Pt  ritoHce'os,  Peritoni'on,  P< tritone'oe, 
I'tnm  uhdotnina'/i,   Tn'nica  )>r(pt> 

seu  Membrn'na  abdom'- 

'  tgos,  Siphar,  Syphar,  Zrpach,  Ziphac,  (F.) 

Ptritoine,  from  peri,  and  rtn  i>,  'I  stretch.'     A 

membrane,   which    lines    the    abdominal 

cavity.  Peritonei'  nm  parieta'le,  extends  over  the 

part  of  the  organs  contained  there.  Perit'- 

ttina'le  sen   viseera'le,  envelops  them 

wholly  >>r  in  part,  and  maintains   their  respective 

relations  by  means  of  different  prolongations  and 

.tmis     folds:  —  the     mesentery,     epiploon, 

•  a,  Ac.  Like  all  the  serous  membranes, 
the  peritoneum,  except  in  the  female,  is  a  sort  of 
sac  without  aperture,  which  covers  the  abdominal 

.   without  containing  them   within  it,  and 
the  internal  surface  of  which   is   smooth,  and  lit- 
is fluid.     In   the  male   foetus, 

ritonaeum  furnishes  a  prolongation,  which 
■ecompanies  the  testicle  at  the  time  of  its  di 
and.  in  t he  female  foetus,  forms  the  Canal  of  Nnek. 
Below  the  neck  of  the  gall-bladder,  the  perito- 
naeum has  a  triangular  opening,  called  the 
men  <>r  Hiatus  of  Window,  through  which  it  pro- 

•  hind  the  stomach,  to  form  a  sort  of  se- 
condary cavity,  called  the  posterior  cavity  of  the 

F.i   Arriire   cavite"   piritoniale    ou 
Epiploon*. 

n.nwTtwf,   Epiploon,  gastro- 

[TONE'AL,    Peritona'ne.      That    which 
the  peritoneum. 
PtilllTOXITE,    Peritonitis  —  p.  Puerptrale, 
litis. 
[TON  ['TIS,  Can  no  Peri- 

i'tie,    Inflamma'tio    sen    Phlecf- 
■    i/p'i.    Phlegmasia    or    Inflammation 
n,    from   peritoneum,  and    itie, 
ng    'inflammation.'      (F.)    Piritonite,    In 
jlammation     dn    Piritoiue,       The     characteristic 
■•;'  aeute  inflammation   of  the  peritonaeum 
violent  pain  in  the  abdomen,  increased  by 
ire.  often  by  the  Bimple  weight 
•  urs   in    the 


of  tlu 


part ii  :    Lnchoi 


1  begins  on 


nd  or  third  -lay  after  delivery.     At  times, 

mic,  and   perhaps  contagious, 

variety  its  appearance,  and  <!■ 


numbers  of  females.      This  has   been  d. 
under  the  name  Pm  r'peral  Ft  w  '•.  J/< 

9y»'ocAt>a   Puerpera'rum,  (F. 
tnnite     puerptrale,     MitroptritouiU 
Piiore  puerpirale,  Typhue  puerpirale  Erythema?- 
ie  or   aonplat  eral   Peritottitit,    Typho- 

Peritoni'tit,  Adynam'ie  or  Maliy'nant 
'  Ckildbi  (/.  It  is. 
according  to  some,  a  malignant  inflammation  of 
the  peritoneum  ami  uterus:  according  to  others, 
a  Uterine  Pklebitie.  In  any  form  it  requires 
active  treatment,  early  employed.  The  ap- 
pearances on  dissection  are  suoh  as  oeeur  when- 
ever a  serous  membrane  has  been  inflamed,  and 
such  inflammation  has  produced  death  : — effusion 
of  fluid  with  flakes  of  eoagulable  lymph  in  it; 
appearances  of  vascularity,  Ac,  in  the  membrane. 
The  treatment  —  in  active  peritonize — must  con- 
sist of  the  same  course  as  recommended  under 
Enteritis.  In  the  chronic  kind,  symptoms  must 
In-  combated  as  they  arise,  and  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  excite  a  new  action  in  the  system  by 
means  of  mercury.  In  the  epidemic  and  malig- 
nant variety,  unless  bleeding  be  freely  employed 
at  the  very  outset,  it  does  harm.  If  used  early, 
it  is  of  decided  advantage.  Everythii 
pends  upon  arresting  the  morbid  process  at  the 
outset. 

Pkritonitis.  ErythematiC,  see  Peritonitis  — 
p.  Hepatica,  see  Hepatitis — p.  Nonplastic,  see 
Peritonitis  —  p.  Puerperal,  see  Peritonitis —  p. 
Typhohsemie,  see  Peritonitis. 

PERTTTOMA,  Excrement 

PERTTYPHLI'TIS ;  from  pen,  and  typhlitis 
inflammation  of  the  CSBCUm.  Inflammation  of 
the  areolar  substance  surrounding  the  ececum. 
See  Typhlo-enteritis. 

PERI-UTERINE,  Peri-uteri' nne,  badly  com- 
pounded from  pert,  and  uterue.  That  which  is 
situated  around  the  uterus:  hence  " periuterine 
inflammation"  or  ''periuterine  phlegmon/'  —  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  tissue  around  the 
uterus. 

PERIWINKLE,  LESSER,  Vines  minor. 

PERIZO'MA,  from  r£p(^(i)j'iv/ii,  (re(,i,  and  fuv- 
vvfii,  'to  gird.)  'to  gird  around.'  A  bandage;  a 
girdle.  In  Fabricius  Hildanus,  a  truss.  Herpes 
zoster.     The  diaphragm. 

PER'KINISM.  A  therapeutical  means,  first 
employed  by  Dr.  Flisha  Perkins,  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  towards  the  termination  of  the  last 
century,  and  named  after  him.  It  consisted  in 
drawing  over  affected  or  other  parts  the  pointed 
extremities  of  two  metallic  rods,  called  Metallic 
Traetort,  each  made  of  a  different  metal.  The 
success  obtained,  was  through  the  influence  of 
the  imagination  :  and.  consequently,  as  a  reme- 
dial agent.it  ranks  as  high  as  animal  magnetism, 
but  no  higher.  The  operation  was,  also,  called 
Traetora'tion. 

1' KIT  KIN  1ST.  A  believer  in  and  practiser  of 
Perkinisrn. 

PERKINI8TIC.  Relating  or  belonging  to 
Perkinisrn. 

PERLA,  Pearl,  Paralamp.-is. 

PERLE,  Tear'. 

PERMISTIO,  Coition. 
PERMIXTIO,  <oition. 
PERMOTTO.  Motion. 

I'!'.  l:\Il  ■//;■!     V.    Deleterious. 
PERNICI0SU8,    Deleterious. 

PERNIO.  Chilblain. 

PERNOCT  \TD».  Insomnia 

PERO<  BPH'ALUS,    from    rrrnn^,    'deficient,' 

anil   Kt^a^n,   'bead.'      A  monster  with  a  d 

bead. 

PEROCOR'MUS,  from  rr^of,  'deficient,'  and 
»fon/jof,   'trunk.'      A   malformation   in  which   the 

trunk  is  defective,  and  too   short,  from   the  ab- 


PERODACTYLEUS 


698 


PERSPIRATION 


sence  of  one  or  more  vertebrae,  —  the  head  and 
limbs  being  normal. 

PERODACTYLEUS,  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERODYNIA,  see   Canlialgia. 

PEROMEL'IA,  from  nnpus,  'deficient,'  and 
pe).os,  '  a  limb.'  Congenital  misconstruction,  or 
mutilation  of  the  limbs.  A  genus  in  the  noso- 
logy of  Good. 

PEROM'ELUS.  A  monster  possessed  of  the 
deformity  mentioned  above. 

P KRONE,  Fibula—  p.  Col  du,  Collum  fibulae. 

PERONE'AL,  Peronae'us,  Fibula'ris,  Fib'ular, 
(F.)  Peronier,  from  ncpovn,  'the  fibula.'  Belong- 
ing or  relating  to  the  fibula. 

Peroneal  Artery,  Fib'ular,  A.,  arises  from 
the  popliteal,  and  is  situate  deeply  in  the  pos- 
terior and  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It  gives  off 
branches  of  little  importance.  Near  tbe  outer 
ankle,  it  divides  into  two  branches.  1.  The  pos- 
terior peroneal,  which  descends  behind  the  lower 
joint  of  the  fibula,  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
calcaneum.  2.  The  anterior  peroneal,  which 
crosses  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  interosseous 
ligament,  to  be  distributed  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Muscles  are  three  in  number.  1. 
Peronaeus  Brevis  seu  Secundns  seu  Anti'cua  seu 
Me'dius,  Semi -fibulae' us,  (F.)  Grand-peroneo-sus- 
metatarsien,  Court  peronio-lntSral,  Moyen  Pero- 
nier. A  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  peronaeus 
longus.  It  is  attached  above,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  fibula,  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone, 
after  having  been  reflected  beneath  the  malleolus 
externus.  It  extends  the  foot  upon  the  leg,  at 
the  same  time  raising  a  little  the  outer  edge.  It 
may,  also,  act  upon  the  leg,  and  extend  it  upon 
the  foot.  2.  Peronaeus  Longus  seu  primus  seu 
po8tircu8  seu  max'imus  seu  poste'rior,  (F.)  Tibi- 
peroneo-tarsien,  Long  peronier  lateral,  Peroneo- 
sous-tarsien,  (Ch.)  Muscle  grand  peronier.  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It 
is  long,  thick,  and  triangular  above;  thin,  nar- 
row, and  flat  below.  It  is  attached  above  to  the 
outer  edge  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  fibula, 
and  to  the  upper  third  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone.  Below,  it  terminates  at  the  outer  part  of 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on  the  leg, 
turning  its  point  outward,  and  raising  its  outer 
edge.  It  acts,  also,  upon  the  leg,  which  it  ex- 
tends on  the  foot.  3.  Peronaeus  Tertius,  Nonus 
Vesa'lii,  (F.)  Peronier  anterieur,  Petit  peroneo- 
sus-metatarsien  (Ch.,)  Petit  Peronier.  A  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior,  outer,  and  inferior  part  of 
the  leg.  It  is  long  and  flat,  and  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  third  of  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  inner  surface  of  the  fibula;  terminating, 
below,  at  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  me- 
tatarsal bone.  This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the 
leg,  by  raising  its  outer  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend 
the  leg  on  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerves. 

Peroneal  Vein  follows  the  same  course  as 
the  artery. 

PERONEDACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digito- 
rum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERONEO-LATERAL  COURT,  Peronaeus 
brevis  —  p.  Phalanginien  du  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
longus  pollicis  pedis — p.  Sous-phalangettien  du 
pouee,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — p.  Sous- 
iarsien,  Peronaeus  longus — p.  Sus-metatarsien, 
Peronaeus  tertius — p.  Sus-metatarsien,  grand,  I 
Peronaeus  brevis — p.  Sus-phalangettien  du  pouee, 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis  —  p.  Tibi-sus-  i 
phalangettien  commun,  Extensor  communis  digi-  \ 


toi'iim  pedis — p.  Sus-phalangien  du  jJouce,  Ex- 
tensor proprius  pollicis  pedis. 
PERONEUM,  Fibula. 
PERONIER,  Peroneal. 

PERONIER,  GRAND,  Peronaeus  longus  — 
p.  Lateral,  long,  Peronaeus  longus  —  p.  J/<-y;i, 
Peronaeus  brevis — p.  Petit,  Peronams  tertiu.-. 

PERONODACTYLREUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PEROSO'MUS,  from  ^oog,  'deficient,'  and 
GU)ua,  '  body.'  A  monster,  whose  whole  body  is 
imperfectly  developed.  —  Guilt. 

PEROSPLANCH'XICA,     from     irr,pos,     'defi- 
cient,'   and    onXay^vov,    '  a    viscus.'      Cong 
misconstruction  of  the  viscera.     A  genus  in  the 
nosology  of  Good. 

m  PERPENDICULUM   HEPATIS,  Suspensory 
ligament  of  the  liver. 

PERPERACU'TUS.  'Extremely  acute.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  very  violent  and  rapid  diseases. 

PERPLEXI  MORBI,  see  Complication. 

PERPLICA'TION,  Perplica'tio ;  from  per, 
'through,'  and  plico,  plicatum,  'to  fold.'  A  me- 
thod of  tying  arteries,  which  consists  in  making 
a  small  incision  in  the  side  of  the  artery,  near 
its  bleeding  orifice,  introducing  a  small  pair  uf 
forceps,  seizing  the  open  extremity,  and  drawing 
it  backward,  through  the  aperture  made  in  the 
side  of  the  vessel,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  knot. 

PERROSIN,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PERRY  COUNTY  WARM  SPRINGS.  These 
are  in  Pennsylvania,  eleven  miles  from  Carlisle* 
and  fourteen  from  Harrisburg.  Temperature 
67°;  impregnation  not  much.  They  are  used  for 
bathing. 

PERSEA  CAMFORA.  see  Camphor  — p.  Cas- 
sia, Laurus  cassia — p.  Cinnamomum,  Laurus  cin- 
namomum  —  p.  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba. 

Per'sea  Gratis'sima,  Laurus  Persea,  Palta 
tree,  Avocado  Pear.  A  slender,  very  high  tree 
of  Peru,  with  a  small  dome-like  top,  which  growl 
on  the  eastern  declivity  of  the  Andes,  and  rises, 
at  times,  to  the  height  of  more  than  60  feet.  Its 
fruit — (S.)  Palta  —  which  is  pear-shaped,  is 
generally  much  liked.  It  dissolves,  like  butter, 
on  the  tongue,  and  hence  is  called,  in  some  of 
the  French  colonies,  beurre  vegetule.  The  leaves 
are  reckoned  balsamic,  pectoral  and  vulnerary. 
The  seeds  are  very  astringent. 

Persea  Pichurim,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  p. 
Sassafras,  Laurus  sassafras. 

PERSIAN  FIRE,  Anthracion. 

PERSICA  VULGARIS,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PERSICAIREACRE,  Polygonum  hydropiper 
— p.  Brulante,  Polygonum  hydropiper — p.  Jjouee, 
Persicaria — p.  Poivree,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

PERSICARIA,  Polygonum  Persicaria— p.  Mi- 
nor, Polygonum  Persicaria — p.  Mitis,  Polygonum 
Persicaria  —  p.  Urens,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 
p.  Wandspiked,  Polygonum  Virginianum  —  p. 
Water,  Polygonum  amphibium. 

PEPSI L,  Apium  petroselinum  — p.  d'Jue, 
Chaerophyllum  sylvestre — p.  Faur,  iEthusa  <y- 
napium  — p.  de  Macedoin,  Bubon  Maeedonicum 
—  p.  de  Montague,  Athamanta  aureoselinum. 

PERSIMMON,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PERSOLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLLATA  Arctium  lappa 

PERSOLUTA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSPICILLUM,  see  Spectacles. 

PERSPIRABILE  SANCTORIANUM,  Per- 
spiration. 

PERSPIRA'TION,  Perspira'tio,  Trnn«pira'- 
tio,  Difila'tio,  Diap'noe,  Diapnae'a,  Diapneu'siMl 
Perspirab'ile  Sanctoria'num,  from  per,  '  through, 


PERSPIRATORY 


G09 


PESSARY 


ipiratnm,  'to  breathe,  exhale.'    The 
iKfjirutiun  or  exhalation  continually 
■  ii  at  tni"  surface  of  the  skin  and  mem- 
-    isible    perspiration    is    called   ratal. 
;  rspiratory  fluid  is  Becreted  by  an  appro- 

glandular  apparatus,  termed  by  Bn 

1  .      Appareil    diap  ;    I 

md'ulce  imdvHp'arcB,  Or'- 

■  glands,  consistii  | 

.   situate  beneatb   the   true   skin, 

spiral  ducts,  which  open  obliquely  under 

des  of  the  epidermis.     A  certain   portion 

of  the  perspired  fluid  is  thrown  off  by  ordinary 

ill  evaporation. 

Pulmonary  exhalation  or  transpiration   is 
licb  takes  place  into  the  bronchia,  and  is 
spired  air. 
PERS'PIRATORY,  Perspirato'rius,   Trant'pi- 
ipirato'rius,(F.)  Perspiratoire,Trans- 
Same  etymon  a.s  the   last.     Relating 
'  t > _r i s i ir  t".  or  the  product  of,  perspiration. 

PERSUD  ITIO,  Diapedesis. 
PERSULTAT10,  Diapedi  - 
PERTE,    Metrorrhagia — j>.  d'Appetit,    Ano- 
rexia—  p.  de  la  Mfmoire,  Amnesia  —  p.  rf<   VOdo- 
losmia — j>.  de  Sting,  Haemorrhagia — p.  de 
.  Aphonia  —  }>.  de  la  Vue,  Caecitas. 
'  T^REBRANT,  /'«  rter't  brans,  from  per, 
•throug  e, 'to  bore.'     The  French 

'net  to  an  acute  pain  —  Douleur per- 
uite — which  occasions  a  sensation  like  that 
roduced    by  an   instrument  pe- 
d  lacerating  a  part ;  —  the  pain  from 
whitlow,  for  example. 

TES  BLANCHES,  Leucorrhcca  — p.  de 

Metrorrhagia  —  p.   Siminales,   Spermator- 

■ -■,  Metrorrhagia — ]>.   UUrines 

Leucorrhcea — p.  Utirines  ruujcs,  Me- 

PER  riCA   PER   SE,  Penis. 

PERT1  RBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections   of 

lid. 

PERTURBA'TRIX,  (3fedici'na)  from  pertur- 

perturbatnm    |  p<  r   and    turhare)  '  to   disturb 

.'  /'<  r'turbating  treatment,  (F.)  Mfthode  ou 

tie  perturbatrict  :  a  in  ide  of  treatment  in 

which  very  active  means  are  employed,  and  Buch 

upon  diseases  a  different  course  from 

ttural  to  them.      It  is  the  antithesis  to  the 

it  ctana.    Much  evil  has  resulted  from 

such  treatm  ally  in  febrile 

PER  ITS '.-I>.  from  per,  and  tussis,  'a  cough,' 

ugh.'      Tuaais  feri'nn  ?eu  convulai'va 

ttrang'ulans  seu  qninta  seu  etomacha'- 

ttran'gnlans  sen  de- 

cnna  seu  umphemer'ina  seu  tua~ 

gictil ,  i  seu  aaini'nn  sen  cani'na, 

Bronchi'tis  convulai'va,  Bronchocephali'tia,  Pneu- 

< .  Orthopnos'a  tussicu- 

u  clnngo'su   seu  suffocuti'va  seu  clamo'aa 

I'ica,  Mm-!, us  Cucul'lus  Ben  cuculla'- 

u'liix,  Bechorthopno?' a,  Bex  convulax 

looping  cough,  Whooping-cough,  Chin- 
Kin  cough,  Kind-cough,  (Germ.   Kind,  "a 
.-.)  Kinkhni 
■    rhe    ou     Bronchi  te    convulsive, 
iu  quinteuae  ou   bleue,  Malndie 
\  violent  convulsive  cough,  returning 
'•  »,  at  longer  or  shorter  inter- 
■a]  expirations,  fol- 
lowed by  »  sonorous  inspiration  <>r  whoop.     The 
ir  more  frequently 
during  t'a>'  night,  morning,  and  evening,  than  in 
1  to  be  contagious,  and 
attacks  the  yonng  more  particularly.     It  is  rare 

for  it  to  affect  an  individual    for   the  B »nd  time. 

iration  N  various,  —  six  or  eight  weeks  or 

more.     Although  the  paroxysms  are  very  violent. 

It  may,  however, 


give  rise  to  other  affections,  as  convulsions,  pneu- 
monia, &C,  when  the  complication  is  very  dan- 
.  as  the  cause  cannot  be  removed.  Those 
children  suffer  the  least,  who  evacuate  the  con- 
tents of  the  stomach  during  the  tit.  In  the  treat- 
ment, all  that  can  he  done  is  to  palliate.  1 
be  borne  in  mind,  that  the  disease  will,  in  time, 
wear  itself  out.  If  there  be  such  tensive  pain 
of  the  head,  or  fever,  bleeding  may  be  required, 

but  it  is  seldom  necessary.  Narcotics  occasion- 
ally afford  relief,  but  it  is  temporary.  ' 
emetics,  given  occasionally,  when  the  paroxysms 
are  long  and  dry.  give  decided  relief,  and  aid  in 
the  expectoration  of  the  moroid  secretions.  After 
the  disease  has  continued  for  some  weeks,  and 
persists  in  part  from  habit,  change  of  air  is  essen- 
tial, and  this,  even  should  the  change  be  to  an 
atmosphere  that  is  less  pure. 

PERU,  see  Lima. 

PERUNCTIO,  Inunction. 

PER  VENCHE,  Vines  minor. 

PERVER'SION,  Perve>-'*io,  from  per  and  rer- 
rsmm,  'to  turn.'  Dias'trophe,  Diaetrem'- 
ma.  One  of  the  four  modifications  of  function  in 
disease  !  the  three  others  being  augmentation, 
diminution,  and  abolition.  The  humourist* 
tlii-  term  also  to  designate  disorder  or  morbid 
change  in  the  fluids. 

PERVERSION   DE   LA   TETE  DES    OS 
ET  VES  MUSCLES,  Loxarthrus. 

PERVIGILIUM,  Insomnia,  Coma  vigil. 

PES,  genitive  Pedis,  tows,  noSos,  Tehnvs,  (Sc.) 
Fit,  (F.)  Pied,  'the  foot.'  The  inferior  extremity 
of  the  abdominal  member,  representing  a  bony 
arch,  an  elastic  vault,  which  transmits  the  \ 
of  the  body  to  the  ground.  It  is  divided  into 
three  parts:  —  the  tarsus,  metatarsus,  and  toes. 

Pbs  Alexandriwus,  Anthemis  pyrethrum — p. 
Anserinus,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus,  Facial 
nerve  —  p.  Cati,  Anteonaria  Dioica  —  p.  Equinns, 
Pes  equinus,  see  Eyllosis — p.  Hippocampi  major, 
Cornu  ammonia  —  p.  Hippocampi  minor,  B 
Campos  minor  —  p.  Hippopotami  major,  Cornu 
am  monis  —  p.  Hippopotami  minor,  Cornu  am  mo- 
llis—  p.  Leonis,  Alchemilla. 

PESANTEUR,  Weight— p.  Spicifique,  Gra- 
vity. Bpecifio. 

PESE-ACTDE,  Acidometer— p.  Liqueur,  Are- 
ometer—  p.  Sirop,  Saccharomcter. 

PESETTE,  Cicer  arietinum. 

PESSAIRE,  Pessary — p.  Intra-uterin,  Pessary, 
intra-uterine. 

PES'SARY,  Pessn'rium,  from  irtaaoq,  'a  small 
stone;  a  pessary,'  Pessus,  Possum,  Pes'snlus, 
Penicil'lvs,  Talus.  Nod'ulus  uteri' tins,  Snpposito'- 
r'niui  uteri'mtm,  Qlans,  Lemnis'ette,  (F.)  Pessaire. 
A  solid  instrument,  composed  of  cork,  ivory,  or 
elastic  gum,  which  is  introduced  into  the  vagina 
port  the  uterus,  in  cases  of  prolapsus  or 
relaxation  of  that  organ  :  to  keep  vaginal  hernia 
reduced,  <fce.  The  ancients  made  \t>n  of  medi- 
cated pessaries,  which  they  distinguished  into 
emollient,  astringent,  aperient,  Ac,  and  they  ire 

still  used.  The  form  of  pessaries  is  very  va- 
riable;—  round,  oval,  Ac,  according  to  circum- 

, 

i  w.  aSgyptiua  pessus. 
I'i     (ART,   In  i ■i:.\-t,'i  kuink,  Stem  pessary,  (P.) 

.  intra-ntirin,  Redresseur  utirin.  An  in- 
strument for  rectifying  uterine  displacements  — 
as  anteversron  and  retroversion,  consisting  of  a 
stem  which  is  introduced  into  the  uterus;  this 
-t .in  is  attached  to  a  flattened  ovoid  bulb  or  ball, 
mi  which  the  cervix  uteri  rests. — Connected  with 

this  is  an  external  pari  or  wire  frame,  whiidi  is 
attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  a  flat  tubular  por- 
tion, passing  into  the  vagina,  to  be  fixed  to  the 
intra-uterine  portion.     The  wire  frame  is  uiado  to 


PESSULUS 


00 


TETROUS 


press  upon  the  pubis,  so  that  the  pessary  can  be 
kept  in  position  in  utero.  This  is  essentially  the 
intra-uterine  pessary  of  Professor  Simpson  of 
Edinburgh. 

Pessart,  Stem,  Pessary,  intra-uterine. 

PESSULUS,  Pessary,  Penis. 

PESSUM,  Pessary. 

PESS  US, -Pessary. 

PEST.  Plague. 

PESTE,  Plague—;?.  Antonine,  Plague  of  An- 
toninus—  p.  d'Athenes,  Plague  of  Athens — p. 
Noire,  Death,  black. 

PESTTCIILE,  Petechia;. 

PESTICTjE,  Petechia;. 

PES'TILENCE,  PeatiUn'tia,  Pestil'itas,  from 
pestis,  'a  pest.'     A  malignant  spreading  disease; 

—  applied  especially  to  plague. 
Pestilence,  Choleric,  Cholera  spasmodica  — 

p.  Glandular,  Plague  —  p.  Haemagastric,  Fever, 
yellow  —  p.  Septic,  Plague. 

PESTILENT-WORT,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PESTILENTIA,  Plague  — p.  Ha;magastrica, 
Fever,  yellow. 

PESTILENT'IAL,  Pestilentia'lis,  Pestilentia'- 
rius,  Pcstilentio'sus,  Pestilen'tus,  (F.)  Pestilentiel. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  a  pest  or  plague. 
Pestilential  diseases  are  those  that  bear  some  re- 
semblance to  the  plague  in  respect  to  mode  of 
propagation,  symptoms,  danger,  &c. 

PESTILITAS,  Plague. 

PESTIS,  Plague  —  p.  Acutissima,  Plague  —  p. 
Adeno-septica,  Plague  —  p.  Americana,  Fever, 
yellow — p.  Antoniniana,  Plague  of  Antoninus — p. 
Bellica,  Typhus  —  p.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus 
— p.  Bubonaria  orientalis.  Plague — p.  Contagiosa. 
Plague — p.  Glandulosa,  Plague — p.  Glossanthrax, 
Glossanthrax — p.  Inguinaria,  Plague  —  p.  Inter- 
tropica,  Fever,  yellow — p.  Nigra,  Death,  black — 
p.  Occidentalis,  Fever,  yellow  — p.  Orientalis, 
Plague  —  p.  Septica,  Plague  —  p.  Variolosa,  Va- 
riola. 

PESTLE,  Pilum  — p.  Spring,  see  Pilum. 

PET.  Fart. 

PETALE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PETASITES,  Tussilago  petasites  — p.  Hybri- 
da,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Major,  Tussilago  pe- 
tasites —  p.  Officinalis,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p. 
Rubens,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Vulgaris,  Tussi- 
lago petasites. 

PETAU'RUM.  A  seat  suspended  by  ropes,  in 
which  a  person  taking  the  exercise  sat,  and  was 
tossed  about  bv  assistants. — Juvenal  and  Martial. 

PETE'CHIJS.  Petic'ulcB,  Pestich'icE,  Pestic"ice, 
Punctic'ida,  Pur'pura  malig'na,  Por'phj/ra  Gr<z- 
co'rum,  (F.)  Petechies.  Small  spots,  similar  in 
shape  and  colour  to  flea-bites,  which  occur  spon- 
taneously upon  the  skin,  in  the  course  of  severe 
fevers,  &c.  They  are,  under  such  circumstances, 
signs  of  great  prostration. 

Petechia  sine  Febre,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETE'CHIAL,  Petechia' lia  ;  same  etymon. 
Resembling  or  accompanied  bv  petechia;. 

PETECHIAL  SCURVY,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECIIIANOSIS.  Purpura  ha>morrhao-iea. 

PETER'S  PILLS,  PilulaB  Aloes  et  Cambogia; 

—  p.  Worm  lozenges,  see  Worm  lozenges,  Sher- 
man's. 

PETICULiE,  Petechias 

PETIGO,  Impetigo. 

PETINA.  Sole. 

PETIOLUS,  Pediohia,  diminutive  of  j->es,  'a 
foot.  A  footstalk  or  leafstalk  of  a  plant.  A 
petiole. 

Petiolcs  EpiGLOTTims.  The  root  of  the  Epi- 
glottis. 

Petioles  Mallei.  Manubrium  mallei. 

PETIT  ARGENT,  Platinum  —p.  Courier, 
Influenza — p.  Lait,  Serum  lactis — p.  Lait  d'Hoff- 
mann,    Serum    lactis    Hoffmanni — p.   Mai,    see 


Epilepsy  —  p.  Sua-maxillo-labial,  Levator  anguli 
oris. 

PETITE-POSTE,  Influenza. 

PE  TITS-LA  ITS,  see  Serum  lactis. 

PETR2ELEUM,  Petroleum. 

PETR^EUM,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

PETRAPIUM,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PETREOLE,  Petroleum. 

PETREUX,  Petrous — p.  Os,  see  Temporal 
bone. 

PETRO  DEL  PORCO,  Bezoar  of  the  Indian 
porcupine. 

PETROLE,  Petroleum. 

PETRO'LEUM.  Petrolce'vm,  Petroleum, Petras 
oleum,  Bitu'men  Petroleum,  Pisselos'iim  lu'dicnm, 
Rock  Oil,  Petroleum  Barbaden'ae,  Barbadoea  Tar, 
(F.)  Petrole  ou  Petreole,  from  nirpog,  'rock.'  aud 
eXatov,  'oil/  A  bituminous  substance  flowing 
spontaneously  from  the  earth,  in  various  parts  of 
the  world ;  of  a  fetid  odour,  and  bitter,  acrid 
taste.  It  is  semi-liquid,  tenacious,  semi-trans- 
parent; of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  insoluble  in 
water  and  alcohol;  combines  with  fixed  and 
essential  oils  and  sulphur:  and  is  partially  solu- 
ble in  ether.  The  petroleum  found  at  Gabiaaj 
near  Beziers,  in  France,  has  been  called  Oleum 
Gabia'num,  (F.)  Huile  de  Gabian,  Petroleum 
rubrti?n.  It  has  been  given  as  an  excitant  ex- 
pectorant; and,  mixed  with  tincture  of  assafce- 
tida,  in  tapeworm.  It  is,  also,  used  externally  in 
chilblains,  chronic  rheumatism,  affections  of  the 
joints  and  skin,  and  paralysis. 

New  York  Petroleum,  called  Sen'eca  Oil,  is 
used  externally  in  similar  cases. 

Petroleum  Baebadense,  Petroleum. 

Petroleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bcd'samnm  Sul- 
phuris  Barbaden'se, — (Composed  of  petrol,  Ear- 
bad.  %xvj,/lor.  Sulph.  %iv)  has  been  used  as  a 
pectoral;  and  as  a  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  has 
been  accounted  antispasmodic  and  sudorific. 
Dose,  gtt.  x.  to  xxx.  Externally,  it  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL,  Petro-occipitalis.  Be- 
longing to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  occipital  bone. 

Petro-Occipital  Suture  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
with  the  occipital  bone.  It  is  a  deep  groove 
separating  the  bones,  which  have  between  them 
a  thin  laver  of  eartilage. 

PETRO  -SALPIN'GO-PHARTNGEUS.  A 
fleshy  fasciculus,  which  extends  from  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  from  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  pharynx.     See  Constrictor. 

PETRO  -  SALPINGO  -  STAPIIYLINUS,  Cir- 
cumflexus — p.  Salpingo-stapbylinus,  Levator  pa- 
lati  —  p.  Staphylin,  Levator  palati. 

PETRO-SPHENOID'AL,  Petro-sphenoida'lis. 
Belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Petro-Sphenoidal  Suture;  —  a  name  given 
to  the  small  suture  which  is  formed  by  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sphenoid. 

PETROSAL,  Petrous. 

PETROSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinum  —  p. 
Macedonicum.  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PETROSUM,  OS,  see  Temporal. 

PETROUS,  Petro'sns,  Petro'aal,  (F.)  Petreux, 
Pierreux,  from  Trtrpa,  and  irtrpos,  'a  stone.'  Re- 
sembling stone;  having  the  hardness  of  stone. 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of 
the  temporal  bone. 

Petrous  Gan'glion,  Petro'sal  Ganglion.  Gan- 
glion of  Andersch,  is  formed  by  the  glossopha- 
ryngeal nerve,  shortly  after  it  emerges  from  the 


TETUM 


701 


TIIAGEDEXIC 


-i.     From  thii  ganglion,  If.  J  -'.-.unto  beneath  the  villous  coat  of  the  Intestine*, 


.in    anastomosing   loop 
.  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  left 
e,  an  1  was  thence  reflected  down- 
to  join  the  Vidian  nerve.  —  S 

en  called  the  Jacob- 

npan'ic  bra  -pharyngeal, 

•  inosculation.  Jticob*ons  Anastomo 
PtTBOos    P  Temporal    Boh 

il  Huio — p.  Pi       --.  -  e  Temporal  Bone. 

tro'sal   Si  it  iiat  »,  are   two 

the  dura  mater,  connected  with 

portion   of   the  temporal    bone,  and 

_•  tished  on  each  side,  into  :  —  1.  Th< 

trusal  slims.      It  arises  from  the  cavernous 


called    after    Fever,    who    well    described    them. 
.    together,    (P.)    Plaqx  ■  - 
baring  ■  boney-comb  appearance  —  Pia- 
tt— -and    are     extremely    numerous. 

cur  most  numerously  in  the  lower  portion 
of  the  ileum,  and  resemble,  in  their  morphology 
and  functions,  the  lymphatic   ganglions.     They 

are.  evidently,  concerned  in  the  great  function  of 
lymph 

PEZA,  -riyi,  Doric  and  Arcadian  for  wests,  '» 
foot.'  The  fool  :  according  to  some,  the  sole  of  the 
fool  :   and  to  others,  the  astragalus.      The  ankle. 

PEZI'ZA  sen  PEZE'ZA  AURICULA,  from 
-!S'i.  'the  sole  of  the  foot,'    Trt  nell'a  anric'uln 


ius;  follows  the  upper  edge  of  the  petrous  por-     Juda,  Auricula  Judm,  Aurieula'ria  tnrul 


which   affords  it  a  gutter;    passes  into  the 
lircumference  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli, 
ns   into  the  lateral  sinus  where  the  latter 
bend  near  the  base  of  the  pars  pe- 
rm is    triangular.     2.  The  inferior 
■    -  from  the   cavernous  sinus  at 
,  ■  point  as  the  last,  with  which  it  commu- 
u  the  moment  of  its  origin.      It  descends 
i  the  inferior  edge  of  the  pars  petrosa  and 
38  :   and  terminates  in  the  late- 
ral sinus,  at  the  sin  :'  the  internal  ju- 
in.      It  is   triangular,  and  broader  at  its 
in  at  the  middle, 
PETUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
PETUN,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
PEUCE,  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PEUCE  \   BALSAMEA,see  Pinus  abies. 
PEUCED'ANUM,  from  irei'«i»,  'the  pine  tree.' 
•tnbling  those  of  the  pine;  P.  offi- 
rlnn'le  seu  alsat'icum  sou  altit'eimum  seu  panicu- 
seu  terna'tum,  Seti'nnm  peuced'annm,  Mar'- 
tylves'tre,  3farathrophyl'lnm,  Pinastel'lum, 
ilum  porci'nnm,  Bonus  Ge'nins,  llmfs  Fen- 
i        I            '  in.  Queue  de  Pour- 
•  nouil  de  Pore.     Ord.  Umbelliferas.     Sex. 
'  intandria  Digynia.    The  root  has  a  strong, 
'.  hat    resembling  that  of  sul- 
us    solutions  —  and    an    acrid,    unctuous, 
:i    taste.     It    has    been    recommended    as 
eric  and  nervine. 

vt  Alsaticuk.  Peucedanum — p.  Al- 
nura — p. Officinale, Peucedanum 
— p.  Oreoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoselinum. 

bdaxdm  Palus'trb,  Thytae'lium  seu 
m  palns'tre,  Selinnm  aylves'tre  seu  thy»se- 
ll'imm  seu  hictes'cens,  Thysseli'num,  0l*nit"ium, 
ifnrth  sell'imm,  a  European  plant,  has  been  re- 
commended as  an  anti-epileptic.  In  Courland,  it 
has  been  a  famous  remedy  in  epilepsy. 

bdaxdm  Panicdlatum,  Peucedanum  —  p. 

■  .  P.  Bilaus. 

I  danum  Si'laus,  P.praten'*?.  Set'eli  pra- 

ten'se.  >  -     i  Cnid'ium  til' ail*, 

a    An'glica,    Hippnmar'- 

utfmtiii.  Fatnic'nlumer'raticum, English  or  Meadow 

The    roots, 

.  and   seeds   have  been   recommended    as 

aperients,    diuretics,    and    carminatves.     Rarely 

•  i'\\t  m  Terhatum,  Peucedanum. 
PBUPLIER,  Populus  —  p.  Baumier,  Pagara 
Fagars  octandra-  - 
Populus — /)  ATotr,  Peucedanum. 
PBXI8,  Concretion. 
P BY'BR  [  GLAN'Dl "  I. .v..  Pi  .,\  ri  PI  tut  glan- 

■  Gland'ida  /'•  i/eria'na 

-••'l  mucip'ara  raeema'tim 

~  iu  //(/.  stina'let  pl\ 

i   'pu'ri'tr,    Gorput'cnla   glandnia'rum   #/- 

Gland'ula  in  arjmt 

mm.  Bnterade'net,  Gland*,   Ag'mimated 

or  aggregate  jinn  /*.     .Small  glands  or  follicles, 


tambu'eina,  Exid'ia  aurie'ula  Jndet,  Meru'liut 
auric'ula,  Fungut  tambu'cinui,  Agar'icut  Auric - 

ulm  /«/•/,/</.  Jew'*  Ear.  Ord.  Fungi.  This  fun- 
gus is  .-aid  to  be  astringent ;  but  has  chiefly  been 
a-.   1  as  a  gargle  in  relaxed  sore  throat. 

PFEFFERS  or  PFAPPERS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OP,  Therma  Piperi'nm,  Th.  faha'- 
rice.  These  springs,  which  are  in  the  Swiss  Alps, 
are  simply  thermal  :  temperature  100°  of  Fah- 
renheit. 

PHACE,  Pha'cea,  Phacus,  <paKij.  'a  grain  of 
the  lentil,'  Ervum  lens.  Also,  chloasma;  the 
crystalline  lens:  and  a  flask  for  the  application 
of  heat,  so  called  owing  to  its  flattened  lens-like 
shape. 

PHACELLU8,  Fasciculus. 

PHACELUS,  Fasciculus. 

I'll  ICHYMENITIS,  Phacohymenitii. 

PHACL  Ephelides. 

PHA'CICUS,  Phaco'tn*,  Phaco'de*,-  from  (paxn, 
'lens.'     Lens-shaped,  lenticular. 

PIIACI'TIS.  Phacoidei'ti*,  Lenti'ti*,  Cry*taU 
li'tie,  Orietalloidi'tia,  Gleni'tie,  from  fftaKos,  'a 
lens,'  and  itit,  a  termination  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  crystalline  lens  [?]. 
Inflammation  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens  is  termed 
Capsi'tis,  CapniUi'tis,  ami  Crystal'lino-capsulVtis, 

PHACO'DES,  Phacicns. 

PHACOHYMENI'TIS.  Pha\omeni*ti*.  Phac- 
hymeni'tis,    Tnflamma'tio    cap'sula    lentis  :    from 
f/i«<coj,  'a  lens,'  'vyuiv,  'a  membrane,1  and  ; 
Doting  inflammation.     Inflammation   of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crystalline. 

I'll  LCOIDEITIS,  Phaeitis. 

PHACOM  \L  LCIA,  Cataract,  soft. 

PHAC'OPIS.  Phaco'tn*}  from  .;,«*».  'lens.' 
and  Ko-ris.  'a  knife;'  Scalpel' lum  lenticiila'ri.  A 
lenticular-shaped  knife. 

PHACOPS'IS,  from  faun,  'lens,'  and  o^ig,  'vi- 
sion.' The  state  of  one  who  has  chloasma  or 
freckles  on  the  face. 

PHACOPTIS'ANA,  Pha'einm;  from  Qmcv, 
'lens,'  and  nTiamn,,  'drink.'  A  drink  of  lentils. 
A  poultice  of  lentils. 

I'll  ICOS,  Krvnm  lens. 

PHACOSCOTOM  \.  Cataract 

I'll  M'dits.  Phacicus,  Phacopis. 

I'll  \<M<.  P 

PHiBNiaMUS.  Phenigmns. 

PH^NOMENOLOGl  \.  Semelology. 

PHENOMENON,  Phenomenon. 

I'll  V<;.F\  \.  Boulimia, 

I'll  \i;i:i).K\'  \.  Boulimia,  Phagedenic  ulcer— 
p.  Bloughing,  of  the  month,  Cancer  aquaticus — p. 
BBnosa.  Hospital  gangrene. 

I'll  VGEDEN'IC,   Phageda'niewi,    Dep 
(F.)  Phagfdiniqne,  Hong  '  I  eat.' 

Phaoedentc  Ulci  ".  from?,  Phagedje'na,  Wen* 

■  a    obam'bulant    sen  feri'num,      I  .  | 

phagidinigue  on   rongeante,  is  one  which 

rapidly  eats  and  corrodes  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Phagedenic,  in  Materia  Me  lica,  is  a  substance 


PHAKOHYMENITIS 


702     PHARMACODYNAMICS 


used- for  destroying  fungous  granulations  in  ul- 
cers, &c. 

PlIAIvOHYMENITlS,  Phacohyinenitis. 

PlIALACRA,  Caivities. 

PHALACROMA,  Caivities. 

PHALACROSIS,  Caivities. 

PHALACROTIS,  Alopecia. 

PHAL/ENA  PINGUINALIS,  see  Eetozoa. 

P II A  LATA.  A  barbarous  term,  employed  by 
Basil  Valentine  to  designate  a  universal  medicine 
or  panacea. 

PIIALAN'GAL,  Phaian'gian,  Phalangia'nus, 
from  <pa\ayZ,  cpaXayyog,  '  a  phalanx.'  Having  re- 
lation to  a  phalanx. 

PHALANGARTHRI'TIS,  from  0aAay|,  <p<i\ay- 
yog,  'a  phalanx/  apdpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Gout  in  the  fingers.  In- 
flammation of  the  joints  of  the  fingers. 

PHALANGE,  Phalanx. 

PHALANGES  DESDOIGTS,  see  Phalanx— 
p.  of  the  Fingers,  see  Phalanx — p.  des  Orteils, 
see  Phalanx — p.  of  the  Toes,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTE^,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTIEN.  Professor  Chaussier 
uses  this  term  for  any  thing  relating  to  the  third 
phalanx  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  —  Phalangien,  for 
what  relates  to  the  first,  —  and  Phalanginien,  to 
the  second. 

PHALANGIAN,  Phalangal. 

PHALANGIEN,  see  Phalangettien. 

PHALANGINES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGTNIEN,  see  Phalangettien. 

PHALANGIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Scilla  es- 
culenta. 

PHALANGO'SIS,  Hispid'itas,  from  (paXayl 
(f>a\ayyog,  'a  phalanx,'  'a  row  of  soldiers.'  An 
affection  of  the  eyelids  in  which  the  lashes  are 
arranged  in  two  or  three  rows.  See  Trichiasis. 
Also,  dropping  of  the  upper  eyelid,  from  paralysis 
of  the  levator  palpebral  superioris  muscle. 

PHALANX,  Phalan'ge,  Phalango'ma.  Same 
etymon.  A  name  given  to  the  small  bones  which 
form  the  fingers  and  toes,  because  placed  along- 
side each  other  like  a  phalanx.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  the  Phalanges  of  the  fingers,  Ossa 
seu  Ag'mina  seu  A'cies  seu  Artic'uli  seu  Scutic'- 
vla  seu  Scu' tides  seu  Nodi  seu  Interno'dia  seu 
Scytal'ides  seu  Con'dyli  Digito'rnm  Mantis  ;  and 
the  Phalanges  of  the  Toes,  Ossa  seu  Artic'uli  seu 
Interno'dia  Digito'rnm  Pedis.  I.  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers,  (F.)  Phalanges  des  doigts.  They  are, 
in  each  hand,  fourteen, — three  to  each  finger,  and 
two  to  the  thumb ;  and  are  situate  one  above  the 
other.  They  are  distinguished,  numerically,  reck- 
oning from  the  base  towards  the  tip  of  the  finger. 

1.  The  first  or  metacarpal,  Procon'dyli,  (F.)  Pre- 
mieres phalanges   ou    Phalanges  metacarpiennes, 

2.  The  second  or  middle  phalanges,  (F.)  Secondes 
phalanges  ou  Phalanges  moyennes,  Phalangines, 
(Ch.)  3.  The  third  phalanges,  Metacon 'dyli,Pha- 
lan'ges  un'guium,  (F.)  Troisiemes  phalanges  ou 
Phalanges  ungueales  ou  unguiferes  ou  unguinales, 
Phalangites  (Ch.),  which  terminate  each  finger, 
and  support  the  nail.  II.  Phalanges  of  the  toes, 
(F.)  Phalanges  des  Orteils.  They  are  the  same 
in  number  as  those  of  the  fingers,  but  much 
smaller,  and  of  a  very  different  shape. 

The  phalanges  of  a  finger  or  toe  are  united 
with  each  other ;  and  the  first  with  the  metacar- 
pal or  metatarsal  bone.  They  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification  ;  one  for  the  supe- 
rior extremity,  and  the  other  for  the  body  and 
inferior  extremity. 

PHAL'ARIS  CANARIEN'SIS.  P.  ova'ta, 
((paXapog — from  0aw,  '  I  shine,' — 'bright,  shining,' 
in  application  to  the  seed,)  Cul'tivated  Canary 
Grass,  (F.)  Alpiste.  Ord.  Graminese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Triandria  Digynia.  The  seed  of  this  grass, 
Canary  seed,  (F.)   Graines  d' aspic,  afford  a  nou- 


rishing meal.  The  ancients  recommended  them 
for  allaying  pains  in  the  kidney  and  bladder. 

Phalaris  Zi/anoidks.  Andropogon  muricatuft 

PHALLAL'GIA,  Phallodyn'ia,  from  cpaXXng, 
'the  male  organ,'  and  a\yog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLANCYLOSIS,  Chordee. 

PHALLI'TLS,  Priapi'tis,  from  $a\\og,  'the 
male  organ,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.     Inflammation  of  the  male  organ. 

PIIALLOCAMPSLS.  Chordee. 

PIIALLOCARCINO'xMA,  from  <pa\\og,  'the 
male  organ,'  and  KapKivw/M,  '  cancer.'  Carcinoma 
or  cancer  of  the  penis. 

PUALLODYNIA,  Phallalgia. 

PHALLON'CUS,  from  </>aAAo$,  'the  male  or- 
gan,'  and  oynog,  'swelling.'  Tumefaction  of  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  from  <pa\\og,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  x^oipog,  'a  noise.'  Discharge  of  wind 
from  the  male  urethra. 

PHALLORRHAG"IA,  from  <pa\\og,  -'the  male 
!  organ,'  and  pnyvi^i,  'I  break  out.'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  male  urethra.     Stimatosis. 

PHALLORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea. 

PHALLORRIIOIS'CHESIS,  from  <pa\\og,  <  the 
male  organ,'  porj,  '  discharge,'  and  kt^eiv,  'to  with- 
hold.'    Sudden  arrest  of  a  gonorrhoeal  discharge. 

PHALLUS,  Penis  —  p.  Esculentus,  Morchella 
esculenta. 

PHANEROG'AMOUS,  Phanerogam' ic,  Phane- 
rogam'icus,  (F.)  P h a nerogame,  from  (pavepog,  (</>aa, 
'I  shine,')  'evident,'  and  yap.og,  'marriage.'  An 
epithet  used  by  botanists  for  plants  whose  sexual 
organs  are  apparent.  Itis,  consequently,  the  op- 
posite to  cryptogamous. 

PH  ANT  ASIA,  Delirium,  Imagination. 

PHANTASM,  Phantas'ma,  Phanto'ma,  Phas- 
ma,  from  (pavra^ta,  (ipaivu,  '  I  bring  to  light,')  '  I 
make  appear.'  A  phantom,  false  appearance,  ap- 
parition. Hallucination.  Derangement  of  the 
sense  of  sight  or  of  the  intellectual  faculties, 
causing  objects  to  be  perceived,  which  are  not 
before  the  eyes. 

PHANTASMA.  Pseudoblepsia. 

PHANTASMATICUS.  Phantasticus. 

PHANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTASMOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTAS'TICUS,  Inebriant.  Creating  phan- 
tasms —  phantasmat' icus. 

PHANTOM.  Fantom— p.  Tumour,  see  Fantom. 

PHANTOMA,  Phantasm  — p.  Obstetricium, 
Fantom. 

PHARMACEIA,  Poisoning 

PHARMACEUM,  Apotheca. 

PHARMACEUS.  Apothecary. 

PHARMACEUTA,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACEUTIC,  Phannaceu'ticus,  Phar- 
maceutical, Pharmaceutica'lis,  (F.)  Pliarmaceu- 
tique,  from  <papp.a>cov,  'a  medicine.'  An  epithet  for 
every  thing  belonging  to  pharmacy.  Thus,  we 
say,  Pharmaceutical  preparations,  &c. 

PHARMACEUTICE,  Pharmacy. 

PHARMACEUTIST,  Apothecary. 

PHA  RMA  CI  EN.  A  po  th  e  ea  ry . 

PHARMACOCATAGRAPIIOLOG"IA,  Cata- 
grapholog"ia,  Ars  for'mulas  concinnan'di,  from 
(papjxaKov,  'a  medicine,'  Kara,  'beneath.'  ypa<prj,  'a 
writing,'  and  \oyog,  'a  description.'  The  art  of 
writing  prescriptions. — J.  J.  Plenck. 

PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  pharma- 
ceutical. 

PHARMACODYNAMICS,  from  <papp.a«ov,  '  a 
medicine,'  and  <5uva//«>,  'power.'  Pharmacody- 
nam' ice,  Dynam'ical  Materia  Medica,  Pharmaco- 
dynam'ica  doctri'na,  Pharmacodynamiolog"ia.  A 
division  of  pharmacology,  which  considers  the 
effects  and  uses  of  medicines. 


I»  II  A  RM  A  COD  V  NAM  10  LOG  I A        70J 


?  II  A  R  YXGOGLOS  S  A  L 


PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA,     Pharmaeo- 

'  PHARMACOGNOS'l  ' .  'a,  Acognos'- 

i*if.  fr>>-  .  i  medicine,' and  yvuiffi j, 'know- 

if  pharmacology,  which  treats 
unprepared  medicines. 
I>H  \KM  VCOLOGIA,  Materia  mediea. 
PH  ^RMACOMA'NI  \.  from  Aapuanv.  'a  me- 
.'  and  11  in  j,  'mania.'     One  who  has  a  ma- 
nia for  prescribing  <>r  for  taking  medicine. 
PIIARM  VCON,  Poison. 

PH\RMAC0P(E'1  V.     Pharmacopae'a,     Codex 
tmenta'rius,    (F.)    Ph<irmacojj£e,   from   <l>ap- 

■  l  medicine,' and  *o<£<*, '  I  make.'     A  work, 
Boataining  a  collection  of  formulae  for  the  pre- 

:.,  of  medicines:  generally  published 
1    rmerly,  a  chemical  laboratory, 
tn'riitm  chi/m'icitm  seu  pharmaceut' icum. 

PH  \KM  \  \i-t! ary,  Dru$ 

I'll  \KM  ^COPOLA,  Apothecary,  Dru< 
PH  l/V  MACOPOLE,  Apothecary,  Druggist 
PHARM  V.C0P0LFUM,    Apothe'ca,    Offici'na, 
The  shop  of  the  drug  ; 
Apothicairerie,   from    tpappuKov,  II 
•a  medicine,'  and  nu>\e<a,  '  I  sell.' 

I'll  ^RMACOPOS'IA,  from  <papjiaKov,  «amedi- 

cine.'  and  woats,  'a  potion.'     A  1  i  t  ^  i  i  i  1 1  medicine, 

v  one  that  is  cathartic. 

PHARMACO'SA      MEDICAMEN'TA,     from 

•  :,    'a   poison.'      Medicines    that    contain 

s.  —  Fallopius. 

PHARM  ICOTHE'CA,  QapiiaKoSw,  from  <pap- 

■  a  medicine,'  and  n&nui,  'I  place.'    A  case 
for  medicines.     A  medicine  chest. 

PHARMACOTHERAPY,  from  tapuaKov,  and" 
.-.    'treatment.'     Cure    of   diseases    by  re- 

P 1 1  A RM ATT ER .  Apothecary. 
PHA  11  MACU  M,    Medicament,  Poison  —p. 
icum,  iEgyptiacum — p.  Amatorium,  Phil- 

Phar'macuii  .\n  Aures,  jEgyp'tium  Medica- 
A  name  given  to  a  medicine, 
bitter  almonds,  white  pep]  • 
fron.  myrrh,  opium,  frankincense,  castor,  verjuice, 
Sulphate  of  iron,  vinegar,  pomegranate-Lark,  un- 
giienttiin  nardinum,  .b'.     It  was  believed  to  be 
il  for  cleansing  fetid  ulcers  in  the  ears. 
PHARMACURGICUS,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACURGUS,  Apothecary. 
PHAR'MACY,     Pharmaci'a,    Pharmaetm'ticf., 
.   from  <papnaicov,   'a  medicine.'     The 
nrt  w'n  the  knowledge,  choice,  preser- 

.  preparation,  and   combination    of  medi- 
rmerly  divided   into  Galen'ical 
ym'ical.     The  former,  called  after  Galen, 
embra  rations    undertaken   on    medi- 

ritbout  chymistry;  —  the  latter,  Chymical 
Pharmacy  or  Pharmaceutic  Chymistry,  Pharma- 
•mprised  the  preparation    of  medi- 
mnded  on    the  chymical  action  of  their  i 
pies. 
I'll  IRM  LXI8.  Pharmacy. 
PHARNA'CEUM     LINEA'RB,    called    after 
;'    Pontus.      A    South    African 
Pai  ployed  at  the 

in   pulmonary  affections,     li  is  generally 
in  infusion. 
PHARUS.  Pharynx. 
PH  UiY'i  ITHRON,  Pharynx. 
I'll  \KY<;i:i  BRUM,  Pharynx. 
I'll  \HY.\ii.i;TM      SAL.),     from    pharynx, 
phury\  tn pound    of   cream    of  tartar, 

burnt  alum,  and  distilled  vine. 
[|  was  formerly  employed,  united  with 
ind  plantain-water,  to  m  .  which 

i  in  quinsy. 
I'll  IRYNQB,  Pharyngeal. 
PHARYNGEAL,  Pharyngaf'tu,(F.)  Pharyngt, 


Pharyngien.     Same  etymon.     That  which  relates 
to  the  pharynx.      -V  name   given    to   the   DJ 
.  and  nerves  of  the  pharynx. 
Pharyngeal  Artbribb.      These   are    • 
number.     The  one — superior  or  ]'t<  rygo-palatiue, 
Humus  Pharyngat'us  eupe'rior  of  Haller  — 
from  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  base  of  the 
zygomatic   !  through    the    pterygo- 

palatine canal,  and  proceeds  to  be  distributed  to 
the  pharynx  and  the  corresponding  part  of  the 
Eustachian  tube.  The  other  —  the  inferior  — 
Pharyngm'a  ascen'dent  of  Haller  —  arises  from 
the  external  carotid,  on  a  level  with  the  facial. 
It  aaeends  along  the  lateral  and  posterior  part 
of  the  pharynx,  and  divide.-  Into  two  branches; 
the  one  —the  pharyngeal,  properly  so  called  — is 
distributed  to  the  pharynx  ;  the  other — the  me- 
ningeal—  gives  its  branches  particularly  to  the 
dura  mater. 

Pharyngeal  Nbrvb.  A  branch  sent  by  the 
pneumogastric  to  the  pharynx.  It  descends  be- 
hind the  internal  carotid:  communicates  with 
the  glosso-pharyngeal :  and  divide.-,  opposite  the 
middle  constrictor  of  the  pharynx,  into  a  great 
number  of  filaments,  which  anastomose,  in  a  mul- 
titude of  different  directions,  with  filaments  of  the 
glosso-pharyngeal  nerve,  of  the  superior  laryn- 
geal branch,  and  of  the  first  cervical  ganglion. 
These  different  nervous  filaments  united  i 
tute  the  pharyngeal  plexus,  the  irregular  meshes 
of  which  send  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Voicb,  see  Voice. 

PHARYNGEMPHRAX'IS,  from  <papvyt,  <pa- 
pvyyos,  '  the  pharynx/  and  tfuppa^ig,  'obstruction.' 
Obstruction  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGETHRON,  Pharvnx. 

PHARYNGEURYSMA,  Pharvngocele. 

I'll  ^RYNGICUS,  Pharyngeal. 

PHAI!  TNGIEN,  Pharyngeal 

PHAllYXGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea—  p. 
Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche  pharyngea. 

Pharyngitis  Ai-ostkmato'sa.  Abscess  of  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Diititiierit'ic,  Augi'na  pseudo- 
membrana'cea  sen  membrana'cea  seu  pellicula' ri 9 
sea  plas'tica  f-mx  diphtheritica  seu  malig'mm  sen 
pseudo-membrano'sa  sen  pestilentia'lis,  Pharyn- 
gnc'ace,  Pseudo-membranous  Inflammation  of  the 
Throat.  (F.)  Angine  couenneuse  on  guttural*  eou- 
enneiise  on  pseudo-membraneuse  on  plastique  mi 
diphthiritique.  From  pharynx,  and  itis,  denot- 
ing inflammation.  Diphtheritic  inflammation  of 
the  pharynx.     See  Cynanche  maligna, 

I'll  ARVNGl'TIS,  FoLUC'ULAR,  Follicular  fujhim- 

mation  of  the  Pharynx,  Angi'nafolliculo'sa  of  the 
Pharynx,  Acne  of  the  Throat,  Inflammation  and 
enlargement  of  the  follicles  of  the  pharynx,  oc- 
casionally extending  to  the  larynx.  Sometimes 
termed  Clergyman's  Sorethroat,  Tubercles  of  the 
Larynx  and  Fauces,  and  Tubercular  Sorethroat. 

PhARYNGI'TIS,  GaNGRHNOUB,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

PHARYNGOCACE,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys'ma,  Di- 
vertic'ulum  sen  Hernia  sen  Prolap'sus  Qssoph'agi 
<<>u  pharyn'gis,  CEsoph'agus  tuccenturia'tus,  from 
fasvyf,  fapvyysf,  'the  pharynx,'  and  Ki)\rj.  '  :i 
tumour.'  An  enlargement  at  tlie  upper  part  of 
the  gullet,  in  whioh  the  food  sometimes  rests  in 
considerable  quantity. 

PHARYNGODYN'IA,    from   QapvyZ,   (papvyyos, 

'the  pharynx,'  and  tinvn,  'pain.  Pain  in  the 
pharvnx. 

I'  II  \  R  Y  NTJOGLOSS'AL,  Glossophargnge'al, 
Pharyngogloseia'nus.     That  which  belongs  to  tho 

pharynx  and  tODglM. 

Pit  lrynqoglossal    Xi.uvi:,  Glossopharyngeal 


PHARYNGOGRArilY 


04 


PHENIGMUS 


Nerve,  Lingna'lie  latcra'lix,  (F.)  Nerf  Glossapba- 
ryngien,  Pharyngogloseien  —  a  portion  of  the 
eighth  pair — arises  from  the  superior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  spinal  marrow,  between  the  facial 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  by  several  filaments, 
which  soon  unite  into  a  single  cord,  that  passes 
out  of  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  laeerum  ante- 
rius;  goes  downwards  and  forwards,  and  gains 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  tongue. 
Immediately  after  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  it 
gives  a  branch  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  receives  a  filament  from  the  facial,  and 
another  from  the  pneumogastric  nerve.  It  then 
furnishes  two  other  filaments,  which  descend 
upon  the  carotid  artery,  and  unite  at  the  bottom 
of  the  neck  with  branches  from  the  cervical  gan- 
glions and  cardiac  nerves,  and  give  two  filaments 
to  the  stylo-pharyngeus  muscle.  The  glossopha- 
ryngeus,  after  sending  a  twig  or  two  to  the  tonsil, 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx  and  membrane 
of  the  epiglottis,  divides  into  many  branches 
which  run  partly  to  the  margin,  and  partly  to  the 
middle  of  the  root  of  the  tongue  ;  supplying, 
especially,  the  papillae  majores,  and  the  parts  in 
their  neighbourhood. 

By  some,  this  nerve  is  regarded  as  the  controller 
of  the  associated  motions  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. By  others,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation. 

PHARYXGOG '  RAPHY,  Pharyngogra'phin, 
from  (papvyt;,  <papvyyos,  'the  pharynx/  and  ypa<t>r], 
'a  description.'  An  anatomical  description  of 
the  pharynx. 

PHARYXGOL'OGY,  Pharyngolog"ia,  from 
Qapvy!;,  (papvyyos,  'the  pharynx,'  and  \oyos,  'a 
discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  pharvnx. 

PHARYXGOLYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGQPARALYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYXGOPLE'GIA,  from  <f»ipvyj-,  (papvyyos, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  irXnacu),  'I  strike.'  Dyspha- 
gia paralytica  seu  tor'pida  seu  aton'ica,  Angi'na 
paralytica,  Astheni'a  Deglutitio'nis,  PharyngoV- 
y*if»,  Pharyngoparal'ysis,  Paral'ysis  (Esogpk'agi, 
Gula?  Fmbecil'litaa.  Paralysis  of  the  pharynx  or 
oesophagus :  commonly  a  symptom  of  general 
paralysis,  or  of  approaching  dissolution. 

PHARYXGORRHAG'TA;  from  <papvy%,  <pa- 
pvyyog,  'the  pharynx,'  and  puyt,,  'rupture.'  Hae- 
morrhage from  the  vessels  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS,from0api-y|.0«Wyof, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  cKaofios,  'spasm.'  Spasm  or 
cramp  of  the  pharvnx. 

PH  A  R  Y  X  G  0  STAPH YLINUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 

PHARYNGOTOME,  Pharyngot'omm,  from 
<j>apvy£,,  <papvyy»s,  'the  pharynx,'  and  Tttivw,  'I 
cut.'  An  instrument,  invented  by  J.  L.  Petit, 
used  to  scarify  inflamed  tonsils,  and  to  open  ab- 
scesses, which  form  in  the  parietes  of  the  pha- 
rynx. It  is  composed  of  a*  long,  narrow  blade 
with  a  lancet  point,  enclosed  in  a  sheath  or 
canula  of  silver  slightly  curved.  This  instrument 
is  carried  to  the  part  to  be  cut,  and  the  point  of 
the  blade  is  made  to  pass  out  of  the  sheath,  by 
pressing  on  a  button  at  the  end  of  the  pharyngo- 
tome.  A  spring  causes  the  blade  to  re-enter  as 
soon  as  the  pressure  is  removed. 

PHARYXGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia  ;  same 
etymon.  Some  authors  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  with  oesophagotomy.  It  means, 
also,  scarification  of  the  tonsils,  or  an  incision 
made  for  opening  abscesses  there,  &c. 

PHARYXX,  0apty£,  Pharynx,  (papv%,  Pharus, 
Gula,  Lawns,  Fauces,  Pharyg' ethrum,  Pharyn'- 
gethron,  Pharyn' geihros,  Pharygathrtm,  Isthmos, 
Isth'minn,  Tnglu'vies,  Princip'ium  Gula>,  0*  pos'- 
terum,  Gnrges.  (F.)  Arriere-bouche.  Goxier,  Gorge. 
A  species  of  musculo-membranous,  symmetrical  I 


canal,  on  the  median  line,  irregularly  funnel- 
shaped,  and  situate  between  the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium and  the  oesophagus,  in  front  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  It  is  very  narrow  above:  but 
dilates  in  the  middle,  and  again  contracts  below, 
at  its  junction  with  the  oesophagus.  Into  the  an- 
terior paries  of  the  pharynx  open,  successively, 
from  above  to  below, — the  posterior  orifices  of  the 
nasal  fossa? ;  the  Eustachian  tubes  ;  the  posterior 
aperture  of  the  mouth,  and  the  top  of  the  larynx. 
The  pharynx  is  formed,  externally,  of  a  muscu- 
lar coat,  and,  internally,  of  a  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  continnous,  above,  with  the  Schneider- 
ian  membrane;  and  in  the  middle,  with  that  of 
the  mouth  ;  below,  with  that  of  the  oesophagus  ; 
and,  at  the  sides,  with  that  of  the  Eustachian 
tubes.  This  membrane  has  no  villi,  and  presents 
only  a  few  inequalities,  which  are  owing  to  the 
presence  of  muciparous  follicles.  The  muscular 
coat  of  the  pharynx  is  composed  of  the  constric- 
tor muscles,  stylopharyngei,  and  pharyngosta- 
phylini.  The  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  pha- 
ryngeal. The  pharynx  serves  as  a  common 
origin  for  the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages. 
It  gives  passage  to  the  air,  during  respiration; 
and  to  the  food  at  the  time  of  deglutition. 

Pharynx,  Follicular  Inflammation  of  the, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 

PHARYX,  Pharynx. 

PHASELUS,  Phaseolus 

PHASE'OLUS,  (paorfSos,  $a<n7oAo?,  ^aaioXoq,  P. 
Vulga'ris,  Phasi'olns,  Phase'lus,  Fase'lus,  Fase'- 
olus,  Buna,  Boona,  Faba  ;  Kidney  Bean  ;  French 
Bean  ;  (F.)  Faseole,  Haricot.  Ord.  Leguminosa?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  When  young 
and  well  boiled,  this  is  easy  of  digestion,  and 
delicately  flavoured.  It  is  less  flatulent  than 
the  pea. 

Phaseolus  Creticus.  Cajan,  Cayan.  A  de- 
coction of  the  leaves,  according  to  Ray,  restrains 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux  when  excessive. 

Phaseolus  Vulgaris,  Phaseolus. 

PHASIA'XUS  GALLUS,  so  called  from  the 
river,  $>acig,  in  Colchis,  near  the  Black  Sea:  (F.) 
Coq.  The  parts  of  generation  of  the  cock,  dried 
and  pulverized,  were  formerly  regarded  as  proper 
for  increasing  the  quantity  of  semen.  The  fat 
was  used  as  emollient  and  resolvent;  the  brain, 
in  diarrhoea;  the  gall,  in  freckles  and  diseases  of 
the  eyes.     These  phantasies  are  now  abandoned. 

PHASIOLUS,  Phaseolus. 

PHASMA,  Phantasm. 

PHATXE,  Alveolus. 

PHATXIOX,  Alveolus. 

PHATXORRHAG"IA,  Stomatorrhag"ia  al- 
veola'rum,  from  (parviov,  'an  alveolus,' and  prjyvvpi, 
'I  break  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  alveoli. 

PHAUSIX'GES,  (pavaiyyes,  plural  of  0av«riy£ 
from  (pavfa,  'I  roast.'  Spots  or  blisters  on  the 
legs,  produced  by  heat;  and,  in  a  more  extensive 
signification,  by  any  other  cause.  Also,  a  pus- 
tule. —  Foesius. 

PHELLANDRE,  Phellandrium  aquatieum. 

PHELLAX'DRIUM  AQUAT'ICOI,  Phellan* 
drium,  CEnan'fhe  phellan'drium  seu  aqnat'ica,  Li- 
gus'ticum  phellan'drium,  Fccnic'ulum  aquat'icum, 
Cicuta'ria  aqiaitica,  Water  Fennel,  Fine-leaved 
Water  Hemlock.  (F.)  Phellandre,  Fenouil  d'eaii, 
Cigue  d'eaii,  3lillefeuille  aquatique.  Ord.  Um- 
belliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  This 
plant  is  stimulant  and  narcotic.  It  has  been 
used  in  intermittents  and  dyspepsia.  It  has,  also, 
been  given  in  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  in  cases 
of  scrofulous  atonic  ulcers. 

PHEXE,  Benzole. 

PHEXIG'MUS.  Phcenig'mus,Pha?nig'mus,  from 
(poivtl-,  'red.'  Red  Jaundice.  A  cutaneous  affec- 
tion, consisting  of  redness  diffused  over  the  skin, 
without  fever.     Sauvages  makes  it  a  genus  of  hig 


riiEXOMf.xi: 


PHLEGM 


order  /  Uso,  the  act  of  irritating  ■  part 

mutating  application. 

PHEN03IENE,  Phenomenon. 

PHENOM  ENON,  Phanom'enon,  (F.)  Phfno- 

u,  •  I  appear.'     An  extraordi- 

luirv  and    unexpected    event.      In   Medicine,    it 

_   .  appreciable    by  cur  senses, 

which  supervenes  in  an  organ  or  function:— as 

the  pht  noun  »•'.  of  the  circulation,  respiration,  Ac 

It   u   used    in    pathology,    synonymously    with 

•   in. 
*  PHENTLE,  UYDRURET  OF.  Benzole. 
PHEUO0PH0BIA,  Hydrophobia, 
PHEl  GYDRON,  Hydrophobia. 
PHI'ALA,  A  Phial  or   Vial.  (F.)  Fiole,  ejia\n, 
$ti\rj,  'a  vessel  with  a  bread  bottom.'     A  .-mall 
:i  which  apothecaries  are  in  the  habit  of 
.  out  their  mixtures,  draughts,  Ac:  hence 

Wed'icint   Vialt,   (F.J  / <t   Midecine. 

They   are   usually   sold   in    grosses,  and    ase 

■>z.  4 ;  oz.  3  ;  oz.  2;  oz.  1*  ;  oz. 
1  :  an  I 
PHILADYNAMICA,  Debilitants. 
PHILANTHROPUS,  Galium  aparine. 
PHILETRON,  Philter. 
PHILETRUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 
PHILIA'TER,     Philia'troa,     <pi\iarpos,     from 
$«Aiw,  '  I  love,'  and  i  it  iKt),  '  medicine.'     An  ama- 
teur of  medicine.      One    who  studies    medicine; 
•  diei'na. 
PHILOBIO'SIS,  (F.)  Philobioaie:  from  <pi\tu,  ' 
•  I  love/  and  pV;j.  '  life.'     The  love  of  life. 

PHILCB'NIA,   from  ^>fW,  'I  love,' and  oivos, 
'wine.'     Lore  of  wine.     Addiction  to  wine. 
PHILOGYNIA,  Muliebrositas. 
PHILONIUM  LONDINENSE,  Confectio  opii. 
PHILOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 
PHILOPATRIDOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 
PHILOSOPHER'S  STONE,  see  Alchymy. 
PHILOSOPHIA    CORPORIS    VIVI,    Pbysi- 
ology  —  p.  Ilermetica,  Alchymy — p.  per  Ignein, 
Ohymisl 

PHILTER,  from    0<A£u>,   'I  love.'      Philtrum, 
Pktl'etron,    Phile'tron,    Phar'macum     sen    Poc'-  ', 
alum  amato'rium,   Amato'rium    veneflc"ium,  (F.) 
Philtre.     A  medicine  or  driuk  considered  capa- 
lusing  love. 
PHILTRUM.  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 
PHILYRA,  Tilia. 
I'll  IMA.  Pbyma. 
PHIMOS,  Capistrum. 
PHIMO'SICUS.      Relating  to  Phimosis. 

dls   lachu'ria   phimo'aica    seu  ure- 
thra'lin  d  phimo'ai,  the  retention  of  urine  which 
Is  upon  phin 
I'll  L \L  i  SIS,  Phymo'aia,   Capiatra'tio,  Epago'- 
yium,    Ligatu'ra    glandia,    Strict u'ra    prapu'tii, 
epn'tii  impedi'ta,  from  pipou,  'I  bind 
tight.'     A  disease  which  consists  in  a  preternatu- 
ral narrowness  of  the  opening  of  the  prepuce,  so  'i 
that  it  cannol  be  carried  behind  the  corona  glan- 
dia.   This  affection  is  most  commonly  congenital. 
Sometimes  it  is  accidental,  and   dependent   upon 
•ion  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  prepuce,  as   i 
mi    syphilis.     To   remedy    this    state,    the 
may  he  divided  by  means  of  a  bistoury 
and  director:  or  circumcision  may  he  practised. 
Phimosis  Adnata  sen  Cokobiutj  sen  Pubri- 
Qgenital  phimosis— p.  Circumligata,  Para- 
phimosis  — p.  Congenita,  P.  adnata. 

Phimo'  mv     (Edbm  lto  '  Dis,    Hydrophimo' ti$. 
Phimosis  with  oedematotu  swelling  of  the  pre- 
puce. 
Phimosis  Pobrilis,  Ph.  adnata. 
PHLASMA,  f  mtusion. 

PHLBBARTERI0D1  \LY<IS,  see  Aneurism. 
PHLEBECT  L'SIA,   PhUbec'taeia,  from  <p\t4, 
in/  and  t«r<jai$,  'dilatation.'     Dila- 
45 


tation   of  a  vein,  or  of  a  portion   of  a  vein. — 

Alihert. 

PHL6BE0TIARCTTB.      A    mongrel    term. 

from  (p^nj.,  <p\ciios,  'a  vein,'  and  arcfo,  'I  con- 
tract.'    Contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBES,  (Arteries.)     See  Artery. 

PHLEBEDRYSMA,  Varix. 

PHLEB'ION,  diminutive  of  <p\c^,  <p\n3os.  'a 
vein.'  A  vein.  —  Hippocrates.  A  small  vein, — 
\'i  ■'  unfa. 

PllLLT.IS'Ml'S.  from  ^Atd-,  <p\tfrx,  'a  vein.' 
A  term  employed  by  l»r.  .Marshall  Hall  for  the 
tnrgeeoence  of  veins,  produced  by  impeded  return 
of  the  blood.     See  Traehelismus. 

PHLEBI'TIS,  Inflamma'h'o  oena'rnm,  (F.) 
Phlibite,  Inflammation  tie*  veinea,  from  qXfi}., 
ipXttfos,  'a  vein,'  and  itii,  the  termination  for  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  inner  niem- 
brane  of  a  vein,  Endo-pklebi'tie,  which  sometimes 
follows  blood-letting,  and  extend-  from  the  small 
wound  made  in  that  operation  to  the  neighbouring 
parts  of  the  venous  system.  The  symptoms  are. 
first,  inflammation  in  the  punctured  part;  and, 
afterwards,  a  knotty,  tense,  painful  cord,  follow- 
ing the  direction  of  the  vessel,  and  accompanied 
with  more  or  less  fever,  according  to  the  extent 
of  the  inflammation,  the  nervous  symptoms,  Ac. 
Phlebitis,  also,  sometimes  supervenes  on  the  liga- 
ture or  excision  of  varices  ;  after  amputation. 
gun-shot  wounds,  delivery  [Uterine  Phlebitin, 
Locho-metro-phlebi'tiatMi  tro-phJebi'tia  puerpetn'- 
lix,  Phlebi'tia  ufert'tia,  Metri'tia  veno'aa),  the 
ligature  of  the  umbilical  cord.  Ac.  It  may  ter- 
minate by  resolution,  suppuration,  ulceration,  or 
gangrene. 

Phlebitis,  Crural,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  p. 
Uterina,  see  Peritonitis,  and  Phlebitis. 

PHLEBOG'RAPHY,  PhUbogra'phia,  from 
0A£i//,  i/iAe/iof,  'a  vein,'  and  ypaiprj,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  the  veins. 

PHLEB'OLITE,  PhleboVithua,Vein  stone,  from 
0A£\L,  <p\i(ios,  'a  vein,'  and  At0o$,  'a  stone.'  A 
loose  concretion,  varying  in  size  from  that  of  a 
currant  to  that  of  a  pea,  occasionally  found  in 
the  veins.  It  would  seem  to  be  formed  in  the 
blood. 

PHLEBOLITHUS,  Phlebolite. 

PHLEBOL'OGY,  Phlebolog"ia,  from  ^Xt^, 
<p\t(3os,  'a  vein,'  and  Aoyo?,  'a  discourse.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  veins. 

PHLEBOPA'LIA,  from  <p\cip.  <p\i(3os,  'a  vein,' 
and  ttuAAw,  'I  palpitate.'  With  the  ancients, pul- 
iation, which  they  conceived  to  be  produced  by 
the  veins.     See  Pulsus  venarum. 

PIILEBOPIITIIALMOTOM'IA,  Ophthalmo- 
phlebotom' in,  from  <pXt\p,  <p\ciio$,  'a  vein,'  o0$uA-. 
uoi,  'the  eye,' and  reuyu),  'I  cut.'  Blood-letting 
in  the  eye. 

PHLEBOPLEROSIS  ECPIIRACTICA,  In- 
flammation. 

PHLEBORRHAG'TA,  from  fatty,  facfios,  'a 
vein,'  and  (luyvv^t,  'I  break  out.'  Rupture  of  the 
veins  ;  and,  in  a  more  extensive  sense,  venous 
hemorrhage. 

PHLKBORRIIEX'IS,  from  fatty,  fatftos,  'a 
vein,'  and  atffc,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  a  vein. 
Also,  hemorrhage  from  a  vein,  Phleborrhay"ia. 

PHLEBOSTENO'SIS,  from  fatty,  fatfa,  'a 
vein,' and  nrnwtnj,  'contraction.'  Constriction  or 
contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBOT'OMIST,  from  fatty,  fat^oi,  'a  vein,* 
and  rtuvw.  'I  cut.'  A  bleeder.  One  who  prac- 
tises particularly  the  art  of  phlebotomy.  See 
Blood-letting. 

PHLEBOTOMUM,  Fleam. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-letting. 

PHLEBS,  Win. 

PHLEDONIA,  Delirium. 

PHLEGM,  I'hlnjma,  fatyfta,  Pitui'ta,  Pit'uite, 


PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM 


06 


PHLORIDZINE 


Mucus,   Mother,  (F.)   Phlegme,   Pituite.      One    of  II 
the  four  natural  humours  of  the  ancients,  which,  ; 
according  to  them,  was  cold  and  moist,  as  atra- 
bilis  was  cold  and  dry.     It  predominated,  espe-  J 
cially,  in  winter. 

Pituita  was  afterwards  applied  to  every  aque-  i 
ous  or  excrementitious  humour,  £uch  as  the  sa-  | 
liva.  nasal  and  intestinal  mucus,  serum,  &c.  The 
terms  phlegm  and  pituita  are  no  longer  used  in 
physiology,  —  the  different  humours  having  re- 
ceived particular  names;  but  the  vulgar  still  use 
phlegm  to  designate  a  stringy  mucus,  expecto- 
rated, or  rejected  by  vomiting.  The  ancient 
chvmists  gave  the  name  'phlegm'  to  aqueous, 
insipid,  and  inodorous  products  obtained  by  sub- 
jecting moist  vegetable  matters  to  the  action  of 

PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM,  Nasal  mu- 
cus—  p.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  (very  dilute.) 

PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegmago'gus ;  from 
4>\typa,  'phlegm,'  and  ayw,  'I  expel.'  A  medi- 
cine, formerly  believed  capable  of  "cutting"  or 
removing  phlegm. 

PHLEGMAPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 

PHLEGMASIA,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— p. 
Adenosa,  Adenitis — p.  Alba  dolens  puerperarum, 
Ph.  dolens  —  p.  Cellularis,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue — p.  Glandulosa,  Adenitis — p.  Myoica, 
Myositis  —  p.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Peritonitis. 

PHLEGMA'TIA,  from  (pXsyixa,  (pXcynaros, 
'phlegm.'     (Edema,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

Phlegmasia  Dolens,  P.  lac'tea  seudolens  seu 
alba  dolens  seu  Leucophlegmasia  dolens  seu  Spar- 
gano'sis  seu  Scelal'gia  sen  CEde'ma  puerperarum, 
Scelon'cus,  Anasar' ca  sero'sa,  Ecphy'ma  ademat'- 
ieum,  Ecchymo'ma  lympliat'icum,  Is'chias  a  spar- 
gano'si,  CEde'ma  lacteum,  Infarc'tus  lac'tei  extre- 
mita'tum,  Metastasis  lactis,  Hysteral'gia  gnlac'- 
tica,  Hydrophlegma'sia  textus  cellulo'si,  Crural 
Phlebi'tis,  White  leg,  Swelled  leg,  Milk  leg,  White 
swelling  of  lying  in  icomen,  (F.)  CEdeme  des  nou- 
velles  accouchees,  (Edeme  douleureux  des  fe mines 
en  couche,  Depot  laiteux  sur  la  cuisse,  (Edeme 
actif  des  noucelles  accouchees,  Enflure  ou  Engorge- 
ment des  jambes  et  des  cuisses  de  la  femme  accou- 
thee,  E.  laiteux  des  membres  abdominaux.  It 
occurs,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  second  or  third 
week  after  delivery: — is  limited  to  the  lower  ex- 
tremity, and  chiefly  to  one  side:  exhibiting  to  the 
touch  a  feeling  of  numerous  irregular  prominences 
under  the  skin.  It  is  hot,  white,  and  unyielding; 
and  is  accompanied,  sooner  or  later,  with  febrile 
excitement.  After  a  few  days,  the  heat,  hard- 
ness, and  sensibility  diminish,  and  the  limb  re- 
mains cedematous  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period. 
The  disease  frequently,  if  not  generally,  consists 
in  the  obstruction  of  the  iliac  or  other  veins. 
Owing  to  the  pressure  of  the  gravid  uterus  —  the 
flow  of  blood  being  obstructed  —  the  serous  part 
of  it  is  thrown  out  into  the  cellular  membrane  of 
the  limb.  Sometimes  the  vein  is  found  completely 
obliterated. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  antiphlo- 
gistics  : — the  application  of  leeches  or  cupping- 
glasses  near  the  groin,  fomentations  to  the  limb, 
Ac. ;  and,  when  the  active  state  has  subsided,  the 
nse  of  a  roller,  applied  gently  at  first,  but,  after- 
wards, gradually  tightened. 

Phlegmatia  Lactea.  P.  dolens. 

PHLEGMATIC,  see  Empresma— p.  Membra- 
nosa?  et  parenchymatosa?,  Empresma. 

PHLEGMAT'IC,  Phlegmat'icus,  from  ipXeypa, 
'phlegm.'  Abounding  in  phlegm, — as  the  'phleg- 
matic or  lymphatic  temperament.' 

PHLEGMATOCHEMY,  see  Chemistry. 

PHLEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
geal. 

PHLEGM ATORRH A G"IA,  Phlegmatorrhce'a, 
Catarrh,  from  <pXty^a,  (pXty^aTog,  '  phlegm,'  and 


p£w,  'I  flow.'  Stahl  and  his  partisans  gave  this 
name  to  a  copious  secretion,  by  the  nostrils,  of  a 
limpid  and  thin  mucus,  without  inflammation.  It 
is  the  Cory'za  Phlegmatorrhag" ia  of  Sauvages. 
See  Corvzu. 

PHLEGMHYMENITIS,  Phlegmymenitis. 
PHLEGMON,  from  ^X£yco,  '  I  burn.'  Phlogo'- 
sis  phleg'mone,  Phleg'inone,  Phlegmasia,  Inceu'- 
dium,  Iuflamma'tio,  (Prov.)  Beul.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  areolar  texture  accompanied  with  red- 
ness, circumscribed  swelling,  increased  heat  and 
pain;  which  is,  at  first,  tensive  and  lancinating; 
afterwards,  pulsatory  and  heavy.  It  is  apt  to 
terminate  in  suppuration.  It  requires  the  anti- 
phlogistic treatment,  until  suppuration  seems 
inevitable,  when  the  suppuration  must  be  encou- 
raged as  the  next  favourable  termination  to 
resolution. 

PHLEGMON  PERIXEPHRETIQUE,  Pe- 
riphrenitis—  p.  Peri-uterine,  see  Peri-uterine. 

PHLEGMOXE,   Inflammation  —  p.   Mammae, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — p.  Mastodynia,  Mas- 
todynia  apostematosa  —  p.  Parotidaea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Peritonaei,  Peritonitis — p.  Parulis,  Parulis — p. 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis. 
PHLEGMOXEUX.  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEGMONODES.  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEGMONOID.  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEGMONOUS,  Phlegmono'des,  Phhg'mo- 
noid,   (F.)   Phlegmoneux,   from   ^Xey/jLovn,   (cpXtyia, 
II  'I  burn.')  'a  phlegmon,'  and  udos,  'resemblance/ 
;;  That  which   relates    or  belongs  to  or  resembles 
phlegmon. 

Phlegmonous  Inflammation  is  the  active  in- 
I  flammation  of  the  areolar  membrane;  in  contra- 
distinction to  erysipelatous  inflammation,  or  that 
of  the  skin. 

PHLEGMOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 
PHLEGMORRHAGIA,  Blennorrhcea. 
PHLEGMORRHA  GIE  P  UL  M  OX  A  IRE, 
Bronchorrhoea. 

PHLEGM0RRHG3A.  Blennorrhoea. 
-pR~LEGMY)lEXrTIS,Phlegmhymeni'tis,frow 
<p\tyna,  'phlegm,'  'vfivv,   'a  membrane,'  and  itis, 
the  termination  for  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  a  mucous  membrane. 

Phlegmymenitis  Enterica,  see  Enteritis. 
PHLEPS,  Vein. 
PHLOGIA.  Inflammation. 
PHLOGICUS,  Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTIC,  Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTICI,  Empresma. 
PHLOGISTON,  Hydrogen. 
PHLOGMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 
PHLOGO'DES,  from  <pXo^,  (pXoyos,  {<f>Xtyu>,  'I 
i  burn,')    'flame.'    and    etSos,    'resemblance.'      ln- 
fla'med,  Inflamma'tus,    Inflammato'rius,    Inflam- 
matory.    An    epithet   employed   particularly   to 
express  the  red  colour  of  the  face. 
PHLOGOGUS,  Antiphlogistic. 
PHLOGOPYRUS,  Synocha. 
PHLOGOSED,  Inflamed. 

PHLOGO'SIS,  Licen'dium,  Inflammation,  from 
</>Xo£,  <p\oyo<;,  'flame.'  Some  writers  use  this  word 
exclusively  for  external  inflammation  —  phleg- 
mon ;  others,  for  that  which  is  superficial  or  ery- 
sipelatous. 

PHLOGOT'ICA,  Inflammations.     The  second 
order  in  the  class  Hoematica  of  Good. 
PHLOIOS,  Cortex. 
PHLOMUS,  Arerbascum  thapsus. 
PHLOOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOR'IDZINE,  Phloridzi'na,  Phlnridzin, 
from  <p\oos,  'inner  bark,'  and  pi$a,  'root.'  The 
bitter  or  active  principle  of  the  root  and  trunk 
of  the  apple,  pear,  cherry,  and  plum  tree.  It  is 
deposited  from  the  decoction  on  cooling;  crystal- 
lizes in  silky  spicula  of  a  dead  whire  colour  when 
in  masses,  or  in  long  slender  prisms  or  tables, 


PIILOUS 


70 


nioTorsiA 


when  crystallized  with  care.    1000  part-  of  water, 
at  a  temperature  of  from  '.'>'2°  to  71°,  only  dissolve 
one  part:  but  at  from  70°  to  2\'2°,  it  is 
.1  in  all  proportions.     It  is  very  soluble 
in   pure  alcohol,  but  only  slightly  BO  in  ether; 
.429.     It  has  been  administered   success- 
fully in  intermittent*, — 10  to  20  grains  being  ge- 
.  required  to  arrest  the  paroxysm.     It  may 
.  en  either  in  the  form  of  pill  or  powder. 
PHLOUS,  Cortex. 
PHLOX,  Verbascum  thapsus. 
PHLYCT.fi  N  A.   Phlt/ctcp-'nis,   Phluctis,   Phhj- 
pull'cB,   Holophlye' tides,    Phlyc'tides, 
-.  fnun  0Xu£(i>,  'I  boil.'     Tumours   formed 
accumulation  of  a  serous  fluid  under  the 
rmis. 
PHLYCT.SNULA,  see  Hydatid. 
PHLYC'TENOID,  PhlyctenoVdee,  from  phlyc- 
and    ctioi,    'resemblance.'       Resembling 
An  epithet  for  a  variety  of  herpes. 
PHLYCTEN'ULAR,  same  etymon   as   Phlyc- 
Of    or   belonging   to    phlyctaenula,  —  as 
•  nulnr   ophthalmia;    inflammation    of  the 
iccompanied    with    phlyctssnulss    on    the 

PHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctaena, 

PHLYCTID'IDM,  same  etymon.  A  circular 
HT  annular  spot  of  inflammation  of  the  corium, 
encircled  by  a  red  ring  or  zone,  within  which 
suppuration  takes  place.  The  genuine  small-pox 
pustule,  ami  that  produced  by  the  application  of 
tartar  emetic  ointment,  are  examples  of  it. 

PHLYCTIS,  Phlyctaena. 

P 11  LYSIS.  £.W(>,  same  etymon.    A  cutaneous 
eruption.     An  ulcerative,  subcutaneous  tumour: 
flat,  tensive,  glabrous:  diffused,  hot.  throbbing;  || 
at   length    fluctuating,    with    an    acrid   ichor. — 

Pm.vsis.  Phlyctaena  —  p.  Ecthyma,  Ecthyma 
—  p.  Impetigo,  Impetigo — p.  Porrigo,  Porrigo  — 
Psora, 
PHLYZACIA,  Ecthyma. 
PHLYZACION,  Phlyctaena, 
PHOBODIPSON,  Hydrophobia. 
PHOCOM'ELUS,    from     ipuKtj,    'a    seal,'    and 
li(\oi.  *  a  limb.'     A  monster,  in  which  the  limbs 
are  shortened;  the  hands  and  feet  appearing 
exist  alone,  and  to  be  inserted  immediately  on 
the  trunk,  as  in  the  seals   and   the   herbivorous 
1.  <;.  Sr.  Hilaire. 
PHCBNICINE,  Bseraatin. 
PHCENICISMUS,  Rubeola, 
PHCENIGMUS,    Phenigmus  — p.    Petechialis. 
Parpora  -implex. 

P1KKN1X    DACTYLIFERA,  Date  tree  —  p.   ; 

Date  tree. 
PH(ENODINE,  Hasmatin. 
PHONATION,  Phona'tio,  from  <puvri,  'voice.' 
The  physiology  of  the  voice. 
PHONE,  Voice. 

PHO'NtCA,  tfwvira,  from  $u>vri,  'voice.'     The  ' 
r  of  the   class    Pneumatiea,  in    Good's 
-  affecting  the  vocal 
-    —the  passage  of  the  voice  impeded,  or 
oppressed  or  depraved. 
PHONON'OSI,    Phononu'si,   from    <f,mvn,    'the 
d    voaoi,    'a    disease.'      Phonopathi'es, 
Jforbi  vocit.     Diseases  of  the  voice. 

PHONAPA  I'll  I.E.  Phon >si. 

PHORA,  Gestation. 
PHORBE.  Pabulum. 

PHORONOM'IA,   from   e*p»,    'I    move'   and 
'law.'     The  doctrine  of  muscular  motion. 
PHOROUS,  from         .  *r  carry.'   A  suffix  de- 
noting convej  u  ec.    Hence,  Qalaetopaorone,  4c. 

I'll 
^  PHOSPHAS,   Phosphate.     A  salt    formed    by 
the    anion   of  phosphoric  acid  with   a  salifiable 


has  CALCICFH  Siumatim.  Antimonial 
powder  —  p.  Calci*  sttbiatns,  Antimonial  powder 
—  p.  Natricum,  Bods,  phosphate  of. 

PHOSPHATE,  Phosphas. 

PHOSPHAT'IC,  Pho.v,har'U;,s,  from  Phospho- 
rus* Relating  to  the  phosphates  :  hence  the 
Phosphoric  Dictth'esis  is  the  habit  of  body  which 
favours  the  deposition  of  the  phosphates  from  the 
urine. 

PHOSPHltNE,  see  Photopsia. 

PHOSPHORS,  Phosphorus, 

PHOSPBORHNBSES.  If.  Baumes  unites 
under  this  generic  name,  diseases  which  he  attri- 
disordered  phosphorisation  :  i.  e.  to  ex- 
cess or  deficiency  of  calcareous  phosphates  or  its 
decomposition.  Amongst  these  affections  be 
ranks  rachitis,  DSteo-malacia,  and  gout. 

PHOSPHORESCENCE,  Phosphoreseen'Ha, 
Luminosfittf  ;  from  phosphorus.  The  properties 
■  I  by  certain  bodies  of  being  luminous  in 
obsenrity,  or  under  particular  circumstances. 
This  phosphorescence  has  been  occasionally  wit- 
nessed in  man,  when  suffering  from  some  wasting 
Aim  ase,  and  near  death. 

PHOSPHORIC  ACID,  Ac"id,,m  phosphor'- 
icMi),  (F.)  AeieU phosphorique.  Same  etymon.  A 
solid,  colourless  compound  :  highly  sapid  ;  very 
soluble  in  water,  and  vitriliable  by  fire.  It  exists 
in  bones  combined  with  lime.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed in  medicine  in  the  form  of  lemonade,  in 
passive  hemorrhage,  typhus,  phthisis,  marasmus, 
<tc,  and  in  injection  in  cases  of  cancer  of  the 
uterus.  It  does  not  seem  preferable  to  other 
acids.  An  Aeid'um  phosphor1  icun\  dilu'tum  is  ofE- 
cinal  in  the  London  pharmacopoeia. 

PHOSPHORNECROSIS,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPIIORURIA.  Urine,  phosphorescent. 

PHOS'PHORUS,  Phos'phonm,  Autophos'pho- 
rut,  Tgnis  philosoph'ievs,  Lumen  eonstans,  from 
<^ajf.  'light,'  and  0fpw,  'I  carry.'  (F.)  Phosphors, 
'A  light  carrier.'  An  elementary  or  undecom- 
posed  Bubstancej  not  metallic;  solid:  transparent 
orsemitransparent;  colourless;  brilliant:  flexible; 
of  a  sensible  garlic  odour:  very  inflammable, 
and  susceptible  of  combining  with  the  oxygen 
of  the  atmosphere,  at  even  the  ordinary  tempera- 
ture. It  does  not  exist  pure  in  nature,  but  is 
found  frequently  united  to  other  bodies.  Its 
fumes  in  the  manufacture  of  lueifer  and  Oongreve 
matches  have  caused,  it  is  said,  necrosis  of  the 
lower  jaw — Phosphomecro'sis,  phaiphorus  jaw 
.  Lucifer-match-makers'  !>>-■ 

Phosphorus  has  been  used  in  medicine,  dis- 
solved in  ether  or  suspended  in  the  yolk  of  egg, 
as  a  stimulant ;  but  the  greatest  precautions  are 
necessary  in  its  administration:  hence  it  is  rarely 
employ)  1. 

PHOSPHORUS  Jaw  DtseASK,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPIIURIA,  Urine,  phosphoresosnt.     See 

PHOTOCAMPSIS,  Refraction. 

PHOTOMA'NIA,  from  f»c,  ,>™f.  'light,'  and 
mania.     Insane  delirium  induced  by  light. 

PHOTOPHO'BIA,  from  <^u>f.  </,WraS.  '  light.' and 
</>o)3o$,  'fear.'  Aversion  to  light: — intolerance  of 
light.     Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBICUS,  Lneifugus. 

PHOTOPHOBOPHTB  W.MIA,  Nyctalopia, 

PH0T0PH0BU8.  Lucifngu*. 

IMIOTOP'SIA,  Visus  lu'eidus,  from  <>?.  tfwrof, 
'light,'  and  u>i,  'the  eye.'  a  false  perception 
of  light,  as  of  Sparks,  flashes  of  fire.  Ac,  occa- 
sion,.! by  certain  conditions  of  the  retina  and 
brain,  and  by  pressure  on  the  syebsll.  When 
pressure  does  not  indues  the  luminous  appcar- 
I.  i  Phosphins,  the  existence  of  amaurosis 
may  he  inferred.     See  Metamorphopsia. 


PHOTURIA 


PHTHISIS 


PnOTU'RIA,  from  0wc,  ^wroj,  'light,'  and 
ovpov,  *  urine.'    A  luminous  condition  of  the  urine. 

PHRAGMOS,  (ppayiio^,  '  a  fence,'  from  tppaaau, 
'I  enclose.'     A  row  of  teeth. 

PIIRASIS,  Voice,  articulated. 

PHRASUM,  Marrubium. 

PHRBN,  (bprjv,  'the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia- 
phragm and  serobieulus  cordis. 

PIIREXAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  cer'ebri,  from 
<ppr)\>,  *  the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  and  011(77, 
'increase.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  brain. 

PHREXATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  cer'ebri,  from 
0pr/v,  'the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  a,  priv., 
and  rpod>t],  'nourishment.'  Wasting  or  atrophy 
of  the  brain. 

PHREXES,  Diaphragm. 

PHREXESIA.  Phrenitis. 

PHREXESIE,  Phrenitis. 

PHREXESIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PI1REXETIASIS.  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHREXETISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENIC,  Diaphragmatic. 

PHRE'XICA,  from  <ppyv,  'the  mind.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  intellect:  characterized  by  error, 
perversion,  or  debility  of  one  or  more  of  the  men- 
tal faculties,  (Phrenopathi'a.)  The  first  order  of 
the  class  Neurotica  of  Good.  Also,  remedies  that 
affect  the  mental  faculties  —  Phren'ics. — Pereira. 

PHREXICS.  see  Phrenica. 

PHREXICULA  HYDROCEPHALICA,  Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 

PHRENISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHREXI'TIS,  Phreu'esis,  Phrene'sia,  PTire- 
neti'asis,  Phrenis'mus,  Phrenetis'mus,  Cephali'tis, 
Encephalitis,  Cerebri'tis,  Cephalalgia  inflamma- 
to'ria,  Karabitus  (Arab.),  Sibare,  Sphacelis'mns 
cer'ebri,  Empres'ma  cephali'tis,  Siri'asis,  Seiri'- 
nsis,  Sidera'tin,  Inflamma'tio  seu  Cauma  phreni'- 
tis,  Phren8jf,  Delirium,  Brain  Fever,  (F.)  Phrene- 
sie,  Cerebrite,  Inflammation  du  cerveau  et  du 
cervelet.  from  (ppnv,  'the  mind,'  and  itia,  denoting 
inflammation.  A  disease  characterized  by  violent  I 
pyrexia,  pain  in  the  head,  redness  of  the  face  and 
eyes,  intolerance  of  light  and  sound,  watchful-  : 
ness,  and  delirium,  either  furious  or  muttering. 
Its  causes  are  the  same  as  those  of  other  inflain-  ; 
raations  :  sometimes,  however,  it  is  induced  by  a  | 
Coup  de  solcil ;  by  inebriation;  violent  mental' 
emotions,  <fec.  Some  authors  have  given  the  name 
Phrenitis  and  Meningitis  to  inflammation  of  the 
membranes  of  the  brain;  and  that  of  Cephalitis, 
Encephalitis,  or  Cerebri'tis  to  inflammation  of  the 
substance  of  the  brain  ;  but  there  are  no  pathog- 
nomic symptoms,  which  can  lead  us  to  refer  the 
seat  of  the  disease  to  either  of  those  parts  exclu- 
sively. Phrenitis  is,  of  course,  a  very  dangerous 
affection,  from  the  importance  of  the  organ  con- 
cerned. The  most  active  treatment  must  neces- 
sarily be  pursued.  Repeated  bleeding:  purging; 
the  application  of  ice  to  the  shaved  head;  a  po- 
sition in  which  the  head  is  raised  :  and  the  avoid- 
ing of  irritation  of  every  kind  ; — form  the  reme- 
dial means  during  the  violent  stage.  After  this 
has  yielded,  counter-irritants  to  the  nape  of  the 
neck  or  to  other  parts  of  the  body  will  be  useful 
adjuvants.  When  the  brain  and  meninges  were 
affected  only  symptomatically,  as  in  inflammation 
of  the  diaphragm,  the  disease  was  formerly  called 
Paraphrenias. 

Hydrocephalus  acutus  is  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Phrenitis  Calentura.  Coup-de-soleil — p.  La- 
trans,  Hydrophobia — p.  Potatorum,  Delirium  tre- 
mens— p.  Verminosa,  Vercoquin. 

PHREXO-GLOTTISM,  Asthma  thymicum. 

PHRENOLOGY,  Craniology. 

PHRENO-MAG'NETISM^Areno-me^mert'OTn, 
Mes'  mero-ph  renol'  ogy .  A  term  applied  to  the  con- 
dition of  a  mesmerized  person,  in  which,  when 
any  cerebral  or  phrenological  organ — so  called — 


is  touched,  the  functions  of  the  organ  are  mani- 
fested. It  has  been  established,  that  no  such 
phenomena  can  be  elicited  in  children,  or  in 
those  who  have  never  seen  a  phrenological  cast 
or  picture. 

PHREXOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 

PHREXOPATHIA,  see  Phrenica. 

Phkexopathi'a  iETHE'REA.  The  aggregate 
of  encephalic  phenomena  induced  by  the  inhala- 
tion of  ether. 

PHREXSY,  Phrenitis. 

PHRICASMUS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICE.  Horripilation. 

PHRICIA,  Horripilation. 

PHRICIASIS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICO'DES  (FERRIS.)  from  fpixn,  'a  shi- 
vering;' Horrifica.  A  fever  in  which  the  chill 
is  very  intense  and  prolonged. 

PHRYAGMA,  Shuddering. 

PHRYCTE.  Colophonia. 

PHRYG"IUS  (LAPIS).  An  earthy  matter, 
found  in  Phrygia  and  Cappadocia,  and  formerly 
employed  as  an  astringent.  —  Gorra^us. 

PHTIIARMA  CALIGO,  Caligo— p.  Cataracta, 
Cataract  —  p.  Glaucoma,  Glaucoma. 

PHTHEIR,  Pediculus. 

PHTHEIRE'MIA.  from  <p6eipw,  'I  corrupt,' 
and  'ai/ia,  'blood.'  A  state  in  which  the  plastic 
powers  of  the  blood  are  deteriorated. 

PHTHEIRI'ASIS,P/^A(V/'«6/«,65«pta(Tif,from 
<f>$etp,  'a  louse;'  Morbus  pediculo'stts  seu  pedicu- 
la'ris,  Pruri'ijo  pedicnla' ris,  Pedievla'tio,  Mali* 
2'jedic'uli,  Pcta'le,  Lousiness,  Lousy  disease,  (F.) 
Jfaladie  pedieu/aire,  Phthiriase.  A  disease 
which  consists  in  the  excessive  multiplication  of 
lice  on  the  human  body,  under  conditions  in 
which  it  does  not  ordinarily  take  place,  and  in 
spite  of  cleanliness.  It  has  been  asserted  that 
the  affection  has  often  caused  death.  Simple  and 
medicated  baths  have  been  recommended  for  its 
removal ;  lotions  of  the  decoction  or  infusion  of 
tobacco  and  stavesacre,  mercurial  frictions.  &c. 

PHTHEIR  IUM.  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

PHTHEIROCTOXUM,  Delphinium  staphi- 
sagria. 

PHTHIXAS.  Phthisis. 

PHTHINODES,  Phthbiens. 

PHTHIRIA SE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PHTHIRIASIS,  Malis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PHTHIRIUM  SCABIEI.  see  Psora. 

PHTIIIRIUS,  Antiparasitic  —  p.  Inguinalis, 
see  Pedicnlus. 

PHTIIIROCTOXUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHIROPOROX,  Autumn. 

PHTHISES:  same  etymon  as  Phthisis.  In 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  diseases  attended 
with  ulceration,  hectic  fever,  and  emaciation. 

PHTHISIC,  Phthisis.  Also,  a  slight  tickling 
cousdi.  (Prov. )  Tissick. 

PHTHISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'des,  Phthisical,  77,'- 
ical,  (F.)  Phthisique,  Poitrinaire ;  same  etymon 
as  phthisis.  Belonging  to  phthisis.  Also,  one 
labouring:  under  phthisis,  or  who  is  consumptive. 

PHTHISIE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis—  p.  Aigue. 
Consumption,  galloping — p.  Calculeuse,  Calculi, 
pulmonary,  see  Lithiasis  pulmonum — p.  Carvino- 
mateusc,  Phthisis,  cancerous — p.  Galopante,  Con- 
sumption, galloping  —  p.  avec  Jlelanose,  Anthra- 
cosis  pulmonum — p.  Jlesenteriqne,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — p.  Tracheale,  see  Phthisis  laryngea  —  p. 
Tubereuleuse,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PHTHISIOL'OGY,  Phthisiolog"ia,from  <p$i~h 
and  \oyog.     A  treatise  on  phthisis. 

PHTHISIOSIS.  Tubercular  consumption. 

PHTHISI- PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

PHTHISIQUE,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHISIS,    Phthoe,  Phthinas,    Tabes,    Te'ce- 


riiTiiisis 


oo 


PHTHISIS 


•  .  Phthis'ie,  Tis'ic,  fr-.m 
away,  I  decay.'    This  word,  taken 
e  emaciation 
v  part   of  the  body.     It  is  usually,  how- 
phthisis  pulmonalis. 
Phthisis  Acdta,  Consumption,  galloping  —  p. 

CHIAL,    Phthisis    bronchia'lis. 

isioned  by  the  pressure  of  enlarged 

ilous  bronchial  glands,  which,  not  unfre- 

qnently.  communicate  with  caverns  in  the  lungs, 

h  the  bronchia. 

Phthisis  Caia  i  losa,  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

-.  Scirrhus,  Carcinoma  ei 

Pithno'tittm,  Med'ullary   or   Euceph'aloid 

I  ./«    Poumon. 

r    of  the    lung,  which   Lrive<  rise  to  carci- 

i<  phthisis,  (F.)  Phthisic  carcinomateuse, 

I  le. 

Ph  !  "  M  \  r.\,  see  Ph.  pulmonalis — p. 

D  rabes     Dorsalis  — p.    Dyspeptic,    see 

Phthisis  —  p.    Exuleerata,    Ph.    pulmonalis  —  p. 

•a,    Hepato-phthisis —  p.    Ischiadica,    Is- 

chio-phthisis. 

Phthisis  Lartnge'a,  Chronic  Laryngi'tis,  La- 
ryngi'tis   et    Trachei'tis    chron'ica,    Tuberculo'sis 
fit  ei  trache'a,  Laryn'go-et-  Tracheophthisis, 
! i    '■  ■•'-  it  Laryngis, 
'   thisie  laryn  du  larynx,  Lnryn- 

oec  sfcritiou  'I'  Pus,  is  a  species  of  con- 
sumption analogous  to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  pro- 
duced  by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  in- 
•  the  larynx,  and  sometimes  by  caries  of 
the  cartilages.  Phthisis  trachea'lis,  Tracheo- 
phthi'sis,  (  F.)  Phthisic  trachSale,  is  a  similar  afiec- 
:i  the  trachea.  Chronic  inflammation 
of  the  larynx  and  trachea  may  exist,  however, 
without  tubercles  or  phthisis. 

Phthisis  Mess raic a,  Tabes  mesenterica —  p. 

i.    Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p.  Mucosa,  see   Bron- 

ehorrboea  —  p.  Notias,  Tabes  dorsalis  —  p.  Pitui- 

Pronchorrhoea. 

Phthisis     Pulmona'lis,    Ph.  pulmo'num    sen 

pnlmona'ris    sen    nodn'sa    pulmona'lis    vera    seu 

■  fo'sa  seu  scrophufo'sa  seu   tnbercnlo-ulce- 

rulen'ta  exulcera'ta  seu  exuhera'ta, 

-  u  Hamop'tysis  phthisis, 

vomicoflua,    Phthisi-pnt  umo'nia,    Tabes 

pulmona'lis  seu  pulmo'num,  Ulcus  pulmonum,  Hel- 

pnlmona'lis,    Pneumnnophthi'sis,    Pneumo 


top 


'/!', 


•  >»-,   rneumop 


thue.   Pith, 


*  in.  Tubereulo'- 


Pulmo'num,  Oongrophthi'sis,  Morbus  Ang'licus, 
Tuberculous  disease  of  the  lungs.  Pulmonary  <-<>n- 
tumption,  Consumption,    Decline,   Phthixie,    Tisic, 
P.)   Phthisie,   P.  pnlmonaire  seu 
'   de   pus.     Occasionally, 
rmidable  disease  occurs  accidentally  :  but, 
usually,  it    is   caused   by  a  conformation  obtained 
from  progenitors.     This,  at  least,  predisp 
it;  and  but  a  slight  exciting   cause    maybe  re- 
quired to  rouse  the  predisposition  into  action.    It 
U  less  the   torrid   zone;   and    in    the 

of  the  globe,  its  pathology  i< 
tltimately  allied  with   that  of  scrofula."    It 
-    in    tlie    formation    of   tubercles    in    the 
r    or   later   inflame  and   break 
down.      In    such    a   constitution,    ulcerations    of 
khfl  lungs   do  not  readily  heal  ;   and   hectic  fever 
universal  attendant,  upon  irritability  and 
debility  —  is    established.      This    persists,   and 
gradually  wears  down    the  patient,  till   he  ulti- 
expires,     exhausted     by     the     irritative 
The    chief  symptoms  are  the  following. 
The  patient  feels  a  sense  of  uneasiness    in    the 
with    severe  fits  of  coughing,  or  a  short 
and    dry    OOUgh    with    dyspnoea.      This    may   be 
considered  the  incipient  sta^e.     The  cough  then 
ctremely   troublesome,    especially   in 
the  morning;  and  dyspnoea  is  increased  on  the 


:  exertion.  The  expectoration  is  evidently 
purulent,  with  fever  in  the  evening,  and  circum- 
scribed redness  of  the  cheeks;  wasting  and  col- 
liquative Sweats  early  in  the  morning.  This  moit 
ti  lered  the  continued  stage, —  Phthisis  con- 
snmma'ta,  Pneumophthi'sis.  In  the  third,  or  last 
Stage,  the  hectic  is  constant,  with  small  pulse, 
pungent  heat,  colliquative  sweat.-,  and  diarrhoea. 
The  weakness  becomes  extreme,  and  the  patient 
exhausted.  Physical  Signs,  —  I.  In  the  first 
whilst  there  are  yet  scattered  miliary  tu- 
bercles.— the  only  appreciable  change  at  the  ex- 
terior of  the  chest,  ami  this  is  not  constant,  IS  a 
want  of  freedom  in  the  movements  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will  generally 
ver  a  slight  diminution  of  sound  corresponding 
to  the  summit  of  one  lung.  In  the  same  .-dila- 
tion, auscultation  shows  that  the  inspiratory  mur- 
mur is  either  weaker,  rougher,  or  confused.     The 

'  sound  of  expiration  is  more  distinct.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more   resonant,  and  whees- 

|  ing  or  mucous  rales  are  occasionally  beard  in  the 
same  region.  2.  When  the  tubercular  deposition 
has  become  more  abundant,  the  motion  of  the 
chest  is  more  markedly  diminished  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  The  loss  of  sound  on  percussion 
is  more  distinct,  the  inspiration,  on  auscultation, 
is  bronchial,  the  expiration  louder  and  more  su- 
perficial, and  the  resonance  of  the  voice  and 
cough  is  increased.  The  rest  of  the  lung  is  per- 
haps healthy,  or  the  respiration  may  be  penrile. 
3.  When  the  tubercles  are  undergoing  softening, 
— in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs,  auscultation 
exhibits  a  subcrepitant  rale  around  the  apex  of 
the  lung,  decreasing  from  above  downwards.  It 
is  most  distinct  during  or  after  the  cough,  and  at 
the  close  of  a  deep  inspiration.  As  the  disease 
proceeds,  the  bubbling  becomes  successively 
larger,  and  ultimately  gargouillement  is  heard. 
The  inspiration  and  expiration  are  cavernous  or 
tracheal.  The  voice  and  cough  indicate  unusual 
resonance  and  pectoriloquy.  The  intercostal 
ire  often  depressed  locally,  and  percussion 
may  become  gradually  clearer  and  even  tympa- 
nitic as  the  cavern  incr 

It  is  only  in  the  incipient  state  of  this  forrai- 

jl  dable  disease,  that  advantage  can  be  expected 
from  any  plan  of  treatment;  and  of  all  means 
that  can  be  devised,  that  of  removing  to  a  climate 
in  which  air  and  exercise  can  be  daily  enjoyed 
during  the  autumnal,  winter,  and  spring  months 

!|  is  the  best.     See  Climate.     If  this  be  impracti- 

I  cable,  the  patient  must  be  kept  in  a  regulated 
temperature,  taking  care  that  the  chamber  is 
duly  ventilated:  and  gestation  in  the  open  air  be 
used,  whenever  the  atmosphere,  although  cold,  i- 
dry.  The  other  indications  will  he :  1.  To  mode- 
rate inflammatory  action  :  2.  To  support  the 
strength;  and,  3.  To  palliate  urgent  symptoms. 
The  whole  treatment  indeed  is  palliative.  Coun- 
ter-irritants relieve  pain  :  demulcents  and  mild 
Opiates  alleviate  the  COUgh  :  the  mineral  acids, 
united  with  opium,  relieve  the  colliquative  sweats  : 
and  chalk  and  opium  the  diarrhoea. 

Dr.  Wilson  Philip  has  pointed  out  a  particular 
species  of  phthisis,  which  is  characterised,  in  the 
early  stage,  by  a  deranged  state  of  the  dig 
orLr:ui< :  flatulent,  irregular  bowels  ;  furred  tongue; 
impaired  appetite;  unnatural  fSBCei  j  and  the  epi- 
gastric region  more  or  less  full  and  tender  on 
pressure.  The  affection  of  the  lungs  is  here 
secondary.     He  call-  it  Dyspeptic  phthisis. 

Phthisis    Pulmohalis    Pdbulrhta    Bxulcb- 
rata,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  scro- 

ruloSB,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  tu- 
berculosa, Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa-  ulcerats,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Pulmonalis  vera,  Phthisis   pulmonalis  —  p.  Pupil- 

he,  Bynesisii — p.  Papillaris,  Myosis — p.  Scrophu- 


PHTHISURIA 


710 


PHYSIOLOGICAL 


losa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Sicca,  Tabes  dor- 
salis —  p.  Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Uterina,  Metrophthisis  —  p.  Vesicalis,  Cysto- 
phthisis. 

Phthisis  Weed,  Ludwigia  palustris. 

PJITIILSURIA.  Diabetes. 

PHTUISUR1E,  Diabetes— p.  Sacrfe,  Diabetes 
mcllitus. 

PHTHOE.  Phthisis. 

PHTHOIS,  Pastil,  Troehiscus. 

PHTHOISCOS,  Pastil,  Troehiscus. 

PUTIIONGODYSPHORIA,  Hyperacusis. 

PHTHORA.  Abortion,  Corruption,  Plague. 

PHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHOROCTONUS,  Abortive. 

PHUCAGROSTIS  MINOR,  Pila  marina. 

PHUSCA,  Oxvcrate. 

PHYGANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

PHYGETH'LON,  Pa?i„s,  Phypella,  from  <pvu>, 
'I  grow,'  [?].  Inflammation  of  the  superficial 
lymphatic  glands,  not  ending  in  suppuration. 

PHYLACTERION,  Amuletum. 

PHYLACTE'RIUM,  (f>v\aKTT]piov,  from  <pv\aaaw, 
'I  preserve/  A  Phylac'tery,  (F.)  Phylactere. 
An  amulet :  —  a  prophylactic. 

PHYLAXIS.  Conservation. 

PHYLLAN'THUS  URINA'RIA,  Binkohum- 
ba.  Orel.  Euphorbiaceoe.  A  plant  employed  in 
Ceylon,  in  decoction,  as  a  diuretic. 

PHYLLITIS,  Asplenium  seolopendrium  —  p. 
Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  p.  Rotundi- 
folia,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

PHYMA,  Phima,  from  0uo>,  'I  grow.'  With 
the  ancients,  this  word  was  used  with  great  lati- 
tude:  sometimes,  in  the  sense  of  phlegmon,  for 
tumours  larger  than  a  boil,  and  perfectly  suppu- 
rative. In  the  nosology  of  Sauvages,  Phymata 
is  an  order  of  diseases,  to  which  he  refers  erysi- 
pelas, oedema,  phlegmon,  emphysema,  scirrhus, 
&c.  In  that  of  Dr.  Good  it  is  a  genus,  including 
hordeolum,  furunculus,  sycosis,  and  anthrax. 

Phyma  Anthrax,  Anthrax  —  p.  Anthrax  ter- 
minthus,  Terminthus  —  p.  Svcosis,  Sycosis. 

PHY'MATOID,  Phymatoi'des,  (F.)  Phyma- 
tolde,  from  <pvna,  ' a  tubercle,'  and  abos,  'resem- 
blance.' A  state  of  cancerous  tissue,  in  which 
the  dull  yellow  hue  and  the  consistence  resemble 
those  of  tubercle.  —  Lebert. 

PHYMATO'SES,  from  <pvua,  '  a  hard  tumour.' 
Tuberculous  diseases.  —  Fuchs. 

PHYMATOSIS,  Excrescence— p.  Cerebri,  En- 
cephalophymata  —  p.  Elephantiasis,  Elephantia- 
sis—  p.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  p.  Verrucosa,  Verruca. 

PHYMOSIS,  Phimosis. 

PHYPELLA,  Phygethlon, 

PHYSA,  Crepitation. 

PHYSAGOGA,  Carminatives. 

PHY'SALIS,  from  4>u<ja,  '  a  bladder,'  referring 
to  the  inflated  calyx,  P.  Alkeken'gi  seu  halicac'- 
ahum,  Sola'num  vesica'rium,  Alchachen'ge,  Alke- 
ken'gi,  HaHcac'abum,  Winter  Cherry,  (F.)  Allce- 
Icenge,  Ooqneret.  Ore?.  Solanaceaa.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  are  recom- 
mended as  a  diuretic,  from  6  to  12  for  a  dose,  in 
dropsical  and  calculous  cases.  It  has  been  af- 
firmed, that  the  whole  plant — twigs,  leaves,  cap- 
sules and  berries — possesses  the  antiperiodic  vir- 
tues of  Cinchona. 

Physalis  Alkekengi,  Physalis  —  p.  Halicaca- 
bum,  Physalis — p.  Obscura,  Ph.  viscosa — p.  Penn- 
sylvania, Ph.  viscosa — p.  Pubescens,  Ph.  viscosa 
— p.  Stramonium,  Anisodus  luridus. 

Physalis  Visco's a,  P.obscu'ra  seu  Pennsylvan'- 
ica  seu  pubes'cens,  Ground  cherry ;  indigenous. 
The  berries  are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  sedative. 

PHYSCE,  Abdomen,  Colon. 

PHYSCIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandica  — 
p.  Nivalis,  Lichen  caninus. 

PIIYrSC0'NIA,    from    tyvoKwv,    'the    paunch.'! 


Ventroa'itas,  Erphy'ma  physco'nia,  Hypoxar'ca, 
Emphrac'tica,  Visco'nia,  Hypersarchid'ios,  Pot- 
belly,  Pendnlous  ctbdo'men,  Swagbelly,  Gorbelluf 
(Prov.)  GotchbeUy,  Pedbelly.  A  generic  term, 
under  which  Sauvages  has  comprised  every  large 
tumour  developed  in  the  abdomen,  that  is  neither 
fluctuating  nor  sonorous.  Linnaeus  calls  it  Hy- 
posarca. 

Physco'nia  Apipo'sa,  Obes'itas  seu  Polysar'cim 
vis'cerum.     Accumulation  of  fat  in  the  intestinet, 

Physconia  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesiculue 
felleoe. 

Physconia  Emphysemat'ica.  Accumulation 
of  air  in  the  areolar  tissue,  or  between  the  coats 
of  particular  viscera. 

Physconia  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  p.  Mesente- 
rica.  Tabes  mesenterica — p.  Splenica,  Ague  cake. 

Physconia  Strumo'sa,  Scrofula  abdomina'ln 
inter'na.  Tumid  abdomen  from  scrophulous  en- 
largement of  the  glands. 

PHYSCONIE  MESENTER1QUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

PHYSEMA,  Tympanites,  Physesis. 

PHYSE'SIS,  Physe'ma.  from  ipvcrnw,  'I  inflate.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour.     Tympanites. 

PHYSETER  MACROCEPHALUS,  see  Ceta- 
ceum. 

PHYSIATRICE,  Vis  medicatrix  nature. 

PHYSIAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na- 
turae. 

PHYSIC,  Medicament,  Medicina  —  p.  Indian, 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata — p.  Root, 
Leptandra  purpurea. 

PHYSICAL,  Medical. 

PHYSICIAN,  dfed'icus,  Tatros,  Aces'lor, 
Aces' ter,  Altheus,  Ilaiu)v,  Pceon,  (Old  Eng.)  Fesia'- 
ian,  Ficicion,  Leche,  Leech,  from  Qvois,  '  nature.' 
(F.)  Medecin,  Docteur.  One  who  has  received 
his  degree  from  an  incorporated  Institution,  as 
Doctor  of  Medicine.  The  French  formerly  used 
the  word  physicien  in  the  same  sense.  It  is  now 
appropriated  by  them  to  the  natural  philosopher. 
Physicist  has  the  same  signification. 

Physician,  Family.  One  regarded  as  the 
regular  attendant  on  a  family. 

Physician,  Learned,  Iatrosophista — p.  Prac- 
tical, Iatrotechna  —  p.  Priest,  see  Asclepiadae. 

PHYSTCIEN,  Physician. 

PHYSICIST,  see  Physician. 

PHYSICS,  MED'ICAL,  Iatrophys'ics.  Phy- 
sics directly  applied  to  medicine,  —  either  to  the 
explanation  of  the  vital  phenomena,  the  preserva- 
tion of  individuals,  or  the  treatment  of  disease. 

PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na- 
turae. 

PHYSIOG'NOMIST,  Physiogno'mon,  one  who 
busies  himself  especially  with,  or  pretends  to  be 
versed  in,  physiognomy. 

PHYSIOG'NOMY,  (Old  Eng.)  Vis'nomy,  Phy. 
siognoni'ia,  Physiognom'  ica,  Physiognom' ice,  Phy- 
sionom '  ia,  Physioguomon  '  ia,  Physiognom  '  one, 
Physiognomos'yne,  Physiognomosia,  Aitthropn. 
scop'ia,  Prosopomanti'a,  Prosopolog"ia,  Semiot'- 
ice  fa'ciei,  Physioguomon' ica,  Physiognom' ony, 
Metopos'copy,  Prosopo'sis,  from  epvois,  'nature,' 
and  yvwiir],  '  knowledge.'  The  art  of  knowing  the 
dispositions  of  men  from  their  external  appear- 
ance ;  especially  from  the  features.  Every  infe- 
rence of  this  kind  must  necessarily  be  extremely 
fallacious,  and  cannot  be  reduced  to  rule,  as  was 
attempted  by  Lavater  and  others.  In  infanti'e 
diseases,  numerous  shades  of  expression  are  evi- 
dent, which  experience  teaches  how  to  appre- 
ciate ;  and  which  afford  useful  guides  in  under- 
standing the  pathologv  of  that  period  of  existence. 

PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA,  see  Pa- 
thogenetic. 

PIIYSIOLOG'HCAL,  Physiolog"icus.  (F.)  Phy. 
siologique.     Relating  or  belonging  to  physiology. 


PIIYSIOLOGICE 


1  1 


PICIIURIM   BEANS 


Physiological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy  —  p. 
Doctrine,  Broussaisra. 

1'IH  SIOLOGICE,  Physiology. 
PHYSIOL'OG  [S  1'.    /';  |  tint'  tgus.      San 

the  next.     One  who  occupies  himself  spe- 
r  is  well  acquainted,  with  physioli 
PHYSIOL'OG Y,Physiolog"ia,  Biol'ogy,  /{!<„,'- 
-.    Biophanomenob>g"ia,    Phyaiolog"- 
mom'ia  a  ilium' fin,  Anatom'ia  viva,  Anat'- 
\ima'ta,   Anthropolog" ia,   Microcoemngra'- 
t   svieii'tia,    Cognit"io  phyaio- 
-  natura'lia  medici'na,   Philosoph'ia 
<  nri  ;   from  tpvaif,  '  nature, '  and  Xoyos,  'a 
..n.'     Formerly,    Physiology    meant    the 
-   Physics,  in  its    extensive    signification, 
\t    the  present  day,  it  includes  the 
which  treats  of  the  functions  of  animals 
•:  an   acquaintance  with   the  pheno- 
mena '  of  which  constitute  life.      It  is 
It  is  divided  into  animal — Zo'd- 
or   Zoobiolog" ia  ;    and    vegetable  — 
\ysiolog"ia,  or   Phytobiolog"ia,  according 
asiders  the  life  of  animals  or  of  vegetables 
Comparative  physiology  comprises  both. 
-.  also,  general  or  special,  according 
I   life  in  the  abstract  or  in  some   par- 
ticular sp<  lies.     To  the  latter  belongs  the  /'/<//- 
■  /■'  Man, — called  also,  Hygu  nic  Physiology 
aguish  it  from   Pathological  Physiology  or 

Physiology,  P  ^.thogembtic,  see  Pathogenetic. 

PHYSIONOMIA,  Physiognomy. 

PHYSIONOMIE  EQARlSE,  see  Wild. 

PHYSIS.  Natura,  Sex. 

PHYSOCE'LE,  Pin  nmatoce'le,    Hernia   vento'- 

M;     0  itnlen'ta,    Emphyae'ma    Scroti, 

from  <pvoau>,  'I  insufflate,'  and  ktjXi,,  '  a  tumour.' 

ihysematous  tumour  of  the  scrotum  ;  pro- 

of  intestinal  hernia,  containing  much 

flatus. 

PHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  <i>v<rau>,  'I  inflate,' 
1X17,  '  the  head.'    (F.)  Phyaocfphale.    Em- 
aatous  tumefaction  of  the  head. 
PHYSOCCBLIA,  Tympanil 
PHYSl  I'DES  :  from  <pvaau>,  '  I  inflate.'  andt«5oj, 
•  lance.'     Full    of  air;   apparently   full  of 
air  —  applied  to  tumours,  &c. 

PHYSOME'TRA,  Emphyae'ma  Uteri  sea  Ute- 
Hysteroph'yse,    Hysten  mphyae'ma,    Uijs- 
1,    Metre mphyse' ma,    Injia'tio    Uteri, 
fym'pany    of  the    Womb,    Uterine    tympani'tea, 
voau>,   '1  inflate,'   and  firjrpa,   'the   womb.' 
A  light,  tense,  circumscribed  protuberance  in  the 
istrium,    obscurely    sonorous,    with     wind 
■0 ally  discharged  through  the  os  uteri  with 
Hystt  ropsoph'ia,  JEdazopaoph' ia  nti.11' mi. 
PHYSON,  Flatulence. 
PHYS0NC1  S,  Emphysema, 
PHYSOPSOPH'IA;    from    0u<rau>,    'I  inflate,' 
.j'^os,  'a  noise.'     A  discharge  of  air  with 

PHYSOSPASMUS,  Colica  flatulenta. 

PHYSOTHOR  \X.  Pneumothorax. 

PHYTEL'EPHAS  MACROCAR'PA,  from 
jvrov,  'a  plant,' and  t\t<pas,  'an  elephant.'  A  tree 
of  Bouth  America,  called,  by  Willdenow,  Ele- 
pkantu'eia,  the  dense  albumen  of  whose  unt, 
is  the  try,   which    is   as   durable  and 

Dearly  a-  bard  a-  the  ivory  of  the  elephant. 

PHYTIVOROUS.  Pbytophng 
PHYT0AL0PEC1  \.  Porrigo  decalvane. 
PHYTOBIOLOGl  \.  —  Physiology. 
PHYTO-CHYMISTRY,  see  Chymistry. 
PHYTOLACCA    DEC  IN'DRA,   /'.  vulgarie, 
'ican  night  ahade,  Cancer  root, 
■  'leloe  [?],  Jo/op,  Pigeon 
■  r  root,   Sola'num    racemo'eum 
lagnnm    Virginia' num  rubrum, 
Blitum  America' num,  Garget,  (F.)  Raiein  d'Ame- 


rique,    Phytolaque    a    dix    ttaminee,    Mbrelle   en 

.   Michoacan   <ln    Canada.     On/.  Cheno- 

podeaca  if.  Decandria  Deeagynia;  from 

<pvrov,  'a  plant,'  and  laeea ;  because  the  colour 
of  the  juice  of  the  berries  resembles  that  of  iacca. 
The  leaves,  berries,  and  rout.-  are  employed.      The 

young  stems,  when  boiled,  are  sometimes  eaten 

at  table;  but  when  obi.  they  must  he  cautiously 
OSed,  as  the  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  is 
most  celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  chronic  rheuma- 
tism :  ami  is  given  in  the  form  of  tincture  of  the 
ripe  berries.  It  is,  also,  used  in  cutaneous  eru]  - 
tions;  tinea  capitis  itch,  canorous  ulcers, 
The  root  is  gathered  and  dried  in  the  fall. 

PHYTOLAQUE!  DIX  £T AMINES,  Phy- 
tolacca deeandra. 

PHYTOLOGIA   MEDICA,  Botany,  medical. 

PHYTO  PAR  kSITE,  Epiphyte. 

PHYTOPH'AGOUS,  J'/l/,t.,/,/,,aU,ls  >  Phytiv'- 
oroua,  Phytiv'orut  ;  from  djvrov,  '  a  plant,'  an  I 
<pnyu),  '  I  eat.'  Feeding  or  subsisting  on  vege- 
tables. 

PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 

PHYTOSPERM/ATA,(  P.)  Phytoapermea  ;  from 

j  <pvrov,  'a   plant,'   and   tmepua,   'sperm.'      Parti'des 

!  similar  to  the  spermatozoida  of  animals,  observed 

in  vegetables,  and  presumed  to  possess  a  similar 

agency  in  reproduction. 

PHYTOTOMY,  see  Anatomy,  (vegetable.) 

PHYTOZOON,  Zoophyte. 

PIA  MATER,  Pia  sea  mollis  sen  ten 'uia  Ma- 
tir.  Pia  im a! us,  Meninx  inte'rior  seu  vaeculo'aa 
sen  choroi'dea,  Inner  lam'ina  <</'  tlm  Miningine, 
(Ch.),  Membra' na  vaeculo'aa  Cer'ebri,  M.  Ccr'- 
cbri  ten' ids  seu  mollis  seu  pro'pria,  (F.)  Pie 
mire,  Miningette.  The  pia  mater  is  a  very 
delicate  membrane,  which  covers  the  brain  im- 
mediately, penetrates  into  its  anfractuosities,  and 
envelops,  also,  the  cerebellum  and  the  spinal  pro- 
longation, <fcc.  Bichat  does  not  regard  it  as  a 
membrane,  properly  so  called,  but  as  a  net-work 
of  blood-vessels,  united  by  a  lax  areolar  tissue. 
The  Pia  Mater  exterior  is  the  portion  of  mem- 
brane which  covers  the  exterior  of  the  encepha- 
lon,  and  faces  tho  arachnoid  externally.  The 
Pia  Motif  interior  is  that  which  lines  the  cere- 
bral fossa),  into  which  it  penetrates  by  a  cleft 
situate  between  the  posterior  part  of  the  OOrpns 
oallosum  and  the  fornix;  and  by  two  other  fis- 
sures, situate  between  the  corpora  fimbriate  and 
thalami  nervorum  opticorum.  The  pia  mater 
contains  a  great  number  of  granulations  similar 
to  the  Olanditla?.  Pacchioni. 

Pia  Matrr  Testis,  Tunica  Yascnlosa — p.  Me- 
ninx, P.  Mater. 

PI  AX,  Framboesia. 

IM  \.\>.  MOTHER  OF,  Mama-pian. 

PIAIt.  Pat 

PIARll.E'MI  \,Piarrha'mia,  from  wtap,  'fat, 
and  'atfia,  *  blood.'      Fat   in  the  blood.  —  Simon. 

PICA,  Malacia — p.  Africanorum,  (,'hthonopha- 
gia. 

PICAC,  Euphorbia  corollata. 

PICACISM'US,  Pica'tio,  from  pix,  pieie, 
'pitch.'  Depilation  by  means  of  a  pitch  pla.-t<  r. 
Also,   .Malacia. 

PICATIO,  .Malaeia,  Pieacismus. 

PICE  \,  Pinna  aloes. 

PICERON,  Butter. 

PICHU'RIM  BEAN&  The  teed,  Fab*  Pichu- 
rim,  F.  Pechu'rei,  Para  nut,  Saeeafrae  nut, 
Puxiri,  Branil'ian  nutmeg,  <>f  a  tree,  supposed  to 

■  /'  i'a  pichurim,  Ocote'a  pichu'rim  sen  P11- 
chury,  Tetranthe'ra  pichurim,  Nectan'dra  puchnry, 
Puchury  or  Puckyru  of  the  Brasiliana,  Ord.  Lau- 
racoss,  whioh  grows  in  Brasil,  Guiana,  Venezuela, 

and  other  parts  of  South  America.  They  are  . . f 
an  elliptical  shape;  flat  on  one  side,  convex  on 

the  other;   of  an  aromatic  odour  between  that  of 


PICK 


12 


P1LEUS 


nutmegs  and  sassafras,  and  of  a  spicy,  pungent 
t;»ste.  The  medical  properties  are  the  same  as 
those  of  other  aromatics.  For  the  bark,  see  Pe- 
churim  cortex. 

PICK,  Emetic. 

PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia. 

PICOTE,  Variola. 

PWOTEMENT,  Pricking. 

PICOTIN,  Arum  maculatum. 

PICRA,  Pulvis  aloes  et  canellae. 

PICR/ENA  EXCELSA,  Quassia. 

PICRIA,  Bitterness. 

PICRIUM  SPrCATUM,  Coutoubea  alba. 

PICROCHOLOS,  Bilious. 

PI'CROMEL,  Bilin;  from  niKpog,  'bitter,'  and 
pt'Xi,  'honey.'  A  name  given  by  Thenard  to  a 
colourless,  soft  substance,  of  an  acrid,  bitter,  sac- 
charine taste,  nauseous  smell,  and  very  soluble  in 
water,  which  is  considered  to  be  a  bilate  of 
soda.  It  is  not  an  immediate  principle,  but  a 
mixture  of  different  substances.  It  forms  part  of 
the  bile,  and  is  generally  classed  amongst  the 
animal  immediate  principles.     , 

PICROPE'GiE,  Pikrope'gce,  from  micpos,  'bit- 
ter,'and  irriyri,  'a  spring.'  Mineral  waters ;  bit- 
ter from  the  presence  of  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PICROS,  Amarus. 

PICROTOX'INE,  Picrotox'ina,  Picrotox'in, 
from  niKpos,  '  bitter,'  and  toxicum,  '  poison.'  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Boullay  in  the 
Menispermum  Cocculus.  It  crystallizes  in  quad- 
rangular, white,  brilliant,  semitransparent  prisms; 
which  are  excessively  bitter,  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  alcohol,  and  in  fifteen  of  boiling  water. 

The  Cocculus  Indicus  owes  its  poisonous  pro- 
perties to  this  principle. 

PIE  MERE,  Pia  mater. 

PIE-MERITE,  Inflamma'tio  pice  matris.  A 
miserably  compounded  term,  employed  by  M.  Gri- 
solle,  to  express  inflammation  of  the  pia  mater  : — 
from  (F.)  pie  mere,  '  the  pia  mater,'  and  ite,  itis ; 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation. 

PIECE,  Hepatitis. 

P  FECES  D'ANA  TOMIE  AR  TIFICIELLES, 
see  Artificial. 

PIED,  Pes — p.  d' Alexandre,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  p.  d'Alouette  des  champs,  Delphinium 
consolida — p.  Bot,  see  Kyllosis — p.  de  Chat,  An- 
tennaria  dioica — p.  de  Cheval  marin,  Cornu  am- 
monis — p.  de  Griffon,  Gryphius  pes,  Helleborus 
fcetidus — p.  de  Lievre,  Arum  maculatum—^.  de 
Lion,  Alchemilla —  p.  de  Lit,  Origanum — p. 
d'Ours,  Acanthus  mollis — p.  Plat,  see  Kyllosis 

—  p.  de  Veau,  Arum  maculatum — p.  de  Veau 
tn'pftyfle,  Arum  triphyllum. 

PIEIRON,  Fat. 

PIERRE,  Calculus  —  p.  d' '  Aigle,  MWtes  —  p. 
d'Aimant,  Magnet  —  p.  d'Azur.  Lapis  lazuli — p. 
Calaminaire,  Calamine — p.  d  Catttere,  Potassa 
cum  calce — p.  Divine,  Lapis  divinus — p.  d'Ecre- 
visse,  Cancrorum  chelse — p.  In/ernale,  Argent! 
nitras — p.  Judaique.  Judaeus  (lapis) — p.  an  Lait, 
Morochthus  —  p.  Medicamenteuse,  Medicamento- 
sa lapis — p.  Nephretique,  Nephreticus  lapis — p. 
Ponce,  Pumex. 

PIERRES  CRAYEUSES,  Calculi,  arthritic 

—  p.  an  Fiel,  Calculi,  biliary — p.  Stercorales, 
Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines — p.  Uri^ 
naire.H,  Calculi,  urinary. 

PIERREUX,  Petrous. 

PIESTER,  Press. 

PIESTERION,  Press. 

PIESTRON,  from  t:u&,  « I  press.'  An  instru- 
ment recommended  by  Hippocrates  for  breaking 
the  bones  of  the  fcetal  head  when  too  large  to  be 
extracted  otherwise. 

PIGAMON  J  A  UNA  TRE,  Thalictron. 


PIGEON  BERRY,  Phytolacca  decandra  — p 
Breasted,  see  Lordosis — p.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

PIGMENT  CELLS,  see  Cell,  pigment. 

PIGMEN'TAL,  Pigmen'tary,  Pigmenta'riw^, 
(F.)  Pigmentaire,  from  pigmentum,  (pingere,  pic 
turn,  'to  paint,')  'paint.'  Having  relation  to  pig- 
ment or  colouring  matter. 

Pigmental  Appara'tus,  (F.)  Appareil  pig. 
mental.  The  apparatus  concerned  in  the  colora- 
tion of  the  skin  of  the  coloured  varieties  of  man. 

—  Flourens. 
PIGMENTARIUS,  Apothecary,  Unguentarius. 
PIGMENTARY,  Pigmental  —  p.  Naevi,  see 

Naevus. 

PIGMENTUM,  Paint— p.  Indicum,  Indigo— 
p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroidea  tunica  —  p.  Uracu, 
Terra  Orleana. 

PIGMY,  Pygmy. 

PIGNEROLE,  Cantaurea  calcitrapa. 

PIGNON  DE  BARBARIE,  Jatropha  curcas 

—  p.  d'Inde,   Jatropha  curcas — p.  d' hide,  petit, 
Croton  tiglium. 

PIGNUT,  Earthnnt,  Groundnut.  The  bulbous 
root  of  Bu'nium  Bulbocas'tanum.  Ord.  Umbelli- 
ferae.  Called  pignuts,  from  the  fondness  of  the 
pig  for  them.  The}' have  been  considered  to  pos- 
sess a  styptic  quality ;  and  are  deemed  service- 
able in  atonic  affections  of  the  kidney.  —  Hooper. 

Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

PIG'S  FLARE,  Adeps  suillus. 

PIKROPEG.E,  Picropegse. 

PIKRY,  Pulvis  aloe's  et  canellae. 

PILA,  Sphcera,  Palla,  iraWa,  Ball.  A  gym- 
nastic exercise,  much  used  by  the  ancients  as 
well  as  moderns. — Galen.  Also,  a  mortar  and  a 
pestle  —  Ac' one. 

Pila,  Mortar,  Pillar  —  p.  Damarum,  iEgagro- 
pila — p.  Rupicaprarum,  iEgagropila. 

Pila  Mari'na,  Sphcera  Marina  seu  Thalas'sia, 
Halcyo'nium  rotun'dum,  (F.)  Pelote  de  iter,  Zos- 
tere,  Algue  marine,  A.  commune  ou  des  Verriers. 
Certain  light,  round,  depressed,  or  oblong  masses 
— inodorous  and  insipid — in  which  rushes,  hairs, 
and  the  debris  of  shells  are  met  with.  These  are 
found  on  the  sea-shores,  and  have  been  regarded 
by  Spielmann  as  consisting  chiefly  of  the  roots 
of  the  Zoste'ra  Mari'na  seu  Marit'ima,  Alga 
Mari'na,  (Big  tangles,  Ware,  Wair,  Sea-ware,) 
Phucagros'tis  minor.  Iodine  is  detected  in  the 
ashes,  which  accounts  for  their  success  in  goitre. 
They  have,  also,  been  given  as  a  vermifuge. 

PILAIRE,  Pileous. 

PILAR,  Pileous. 

PILAR E  MALUM..  Trichosis. 

PILA'TIO,  from  pilus,  'a  hair.'  Fracture  of 
the  cranium  in  which  the  fissure  is  narrow,  and 
has  the  appearance  of  a  hair — a  cap' illary  fissure, 
(F. )  Fente  capillaire. 

PILE,  Hair. 

PI'LEA  PU'MILA,  from  pilus,  'a  hair,'^?7o- 
8us,  'hairy.'  Richweed,  Cleariceed,  Coohceed ; 
indigenous;  Order,  Urticaceae;  flowering  from 
July  to  September;  has  been  used  as  a  wash  in 
poisoning  by  Rhus.  It  has  a  strong,  grateful 
smell. 

PILEOLUM,  Calotte. 

PILEOLUS,  Caul,  Pileus. 

PI'LEOUS,  Pilo'sus,  Pilose,  Pilous,  Pilar,  (F.) 
Pileux,  Pilaire,  from  pilus,  'a  hair.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  hair.     Hairy. 

Pileous  System  of  Bichat  is  that  formed  by 
the  hair.  It  comprises  the  different  species  of 
hair  of  the  humau  body. 

PILES,  BLIND,  Csecaj  haemorrhoides,  see 
Haemorrhois. 

PILEUS,  'a  hat,  cap.  or  bonnet  for  the  head.' 
Pile'olus.  A  shield.  A  nipple-like  instrument, 
formed  of  various  materials,  and  used  by  females 


PILEUX 


13 


PILL 


fur  protecting  the  nipple  during  the  child's  suck- 
D  the  part  is  painful.      Also,  ■  caul. 
Pilbcs,  Cucupha  —  p.  Hippocraticus,   Unmet 

PILEUX,  Pileous. 

PILEWORT,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R.  ficaria. 

PILI  CAPITIS,  Bee  Capillus  —  p.  Cutis,   La- 

p.  Palpebrarum,  Cilia  —  p.  Pudendorum, 

PILFER,  Pillar. 

PILIF'EROUS,  Pi'li/er,  from  pilus,  'a  hair,' 
;   bear.'     Pile  or  hair  bearing,  —  as  a 

'. -t,' — one  containing  hair. 

PILIMICTIO,  see  Trichiasis. 

PILL,  Pilula— p.  Abernethy's,  see  Pilula?  hy- 

•i  — p.  of  Aloes  and  Camboge,  Pilulae  aloes 

bogiae —  p.  ofAh.es  and  cinchona.  Pilula1 

■  kinae  kina —  p.  of  Aloes  and  colocynth, 

Pilula?  aloes  et  eolocynthidis —  p.  of  Aloes  and 

a  .ins,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  of  Aloes 


ringer,    Pilulae   aloes   et   zingiberis 


of 


1   iron.  Pilulae   aloes   et   ferri  —  p. 
rind  myrrh.  Pilula  aloes  et  myrrh ae — p.  Aloetic,      Hesketb's 
Pilula  aloeticoe —  p.  Aloetic  and  assafoetida,  Pi- 
lula' a  i  tidae  —  p.  Aloetic,  compound, 
Pilulae  aloes  cotnpositae  —  p.  of  Ammoniuret  of 
Pilulae  ammoniureti  cupri — p.  Analeptic, 
James's,  see  Analeptica  —  p.  Anderson's,  see   Pi- 
lula aloes  et  jalapae — p.  Anodyne,  Pilulae  opiatse 
— p.  Antibilious,  Barclay's,   Pilulae  antibiliosae — 
p.  Antibilious,   Dixon's,   Pilulae   antibiliosae  —  p. 
Lsiaticae —  p.  Assafetida,  Pilula 
da'— p.  Bacher's,  Pilula-  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrh  A — p.  Barbai  arossae  pilula? — p. 
'-.  see  Pilula  aloes  et  myrrbae. 
P      .    Blair's.     An  empirical  preparation  of 
mi,  much  used  in    England   iu    cases   of 

Pill,  Blaud's. 


These  pills,  proposed  by  M. 
Bland  a-   antichlorotic,  are  formed  as  follow.-:  — 
Take  of  gum   tragacanth,  in   powder,   six   grains  : 
water,  one  drachm.      Macerate  in  a  glass  or  por- 
celain mortar,  until  a  thick  mucilage  is  formed, 
and  if  it  be  desired   to  prevent  the  formation  of 
•  of  iron,  and  to  make  the  pill  similar  to 
:   Vallet,  substitute  a  drachm  of  powdered 
r  the  mucilage.     Add  afterwards  of  sul- 
>f  iron,  in   powder,   half  an   ounce.      Peat 
well  until  the  mixture  is  homogeneous,  and  add 
mate  of potassa,  half  an  ounce.     Beat  un-  I 

til  the  mass  b« ines  of  a  deep-green  colour,  and 

-.-teiiee.     Divide   into   48    [?]   pills. 
lay:  gradually  increasing   to   two, 
and  aft<  rwards  to  three. 

Pill,  Bli  b,  Pilulae  hydrargyri— p.  Brandreth's, 
I  iiubugiae  —  p.  Calomel,  Pilulae 

hloridi  mitis — p.  Calomel,  compound, 
hydrargyri   Bubmuriatis   compositae  —  p. 
'  1  and  opium,  Pilulae  calomelanos  et  opii — 

Pilulae  cambogiae  compos.— p.  Cam- 
mpound,  Pilulae  cambogiae  composita — 
iron,  Pilula  ferri  carbonatis — 
irtic,  compound,  Pilulae  cathartica?  coni- 
i     -p   of  Colocy nth  and  henbane,  Pilulae  co- 
idis  et  hyoscyami — p.  of  Colocyntb,  cora- 
icynthidis  compositae — j).  Com- 
et myrrbae — p.  of  ammoniated 
r,  Pilula-  cupri  ainmoniati —  p.  of  Digitalis 
uill,  Pilula-  digitalis  et  Bcillae  —  p.  Dinner, 
•  kinae  kinae,  and  Pilulse  rh.j. 
Pii  i .  Dinner,  op  Mr.  M  ito.  This 
of  /'.  Rhej.  gr.  iv:   Soda  Carb.  gr.  j. 


through  a  hundred  patients  without  any  diffi- 
culty."—  Pari.-. 

Pill,  Female,  Pilula  foetidis  —  p. 

Ferruginous,  of  Vallet,  see  Ferri  ]  i 

—  p.  l'othergill's,  see  Pilula-  aloes  et  eolocynthidis 
— p.  Prank".-,  .-ee  Pilula-  aloes  el  kina  kinfl — p. 
Fuller's,  see  Pilula  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Gal- 
banum,  compound,  Pilula-  galbani  composita  — 
p.  Griffith's,  Pilula-  ferri  composita — p.  Griffiths, 
sec  Pilula-  rhej  composita — p.  Guin,  Pilula  gal- 
hani  coinpo-ita  —  p.  Harvey's.  Pilula  aloe- 
locyntbidis  —  p.  of  Hellebore  and  myrrh,  Pilula) 
ex  helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  of  Hemlock,  com- 
pound, Pilula  coiiii  composite  —  p.  Hooper's.  SCO 
Pilula  aloes  ct  myrrhsB- — p.  of  [odide  of  iron, 
Pilula  ferri  iodidi  —  p.  of  Ipecacuanha  and 
opium,  Pilule  ipecacuanha  et  opii — p.  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha and  squill,  Pilula  ipecacuanha-  cum  scilla, 

—  p.  of  sulphate  of  Iron,  Pilula  ferri  Bulpbatis 
— p.  James's  Analeptic,  see  Analeptica  —  p.  Key- 
ser's,  see  Hydrargyrus  acetatus —  p.  Lady  Cres- 

-.  Pilula  aloes  et  kina  kinae  —  p.  Lady 
ee  Pilula  aloes  et  kina  kina  —  p. 
Lady  Webster's,  Pilula  aloes  ct  kina  kina. 

Pill,  Larticik's,  I'll' nice  Col' chid  et  Digi- 
ta'lie,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Lartigue.  {Ext.  Coloc.  e. 
~;  if.  S.  in.  Colchic.  alcoholic,  Extract.  Dig- 

itiil.  alcoholic,  aft  gr.  iss  ;  f.  inassa  in  pilul.  x  di- 
vidend.) Dose,  two,  three,  or  more,  in  the  2-4 
hours,  in  gout,  until  purging  is  induced. 

This  is  a  form  that  has  been  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  the  Pilule*  de  Lartigue,  the  compo- 
sition of  which  is  not  known.  M.  Bouchardat  re- 
commends for  the  same  purpose  a  combination 
of  Extr actum  eolocynthidis  cotnpoeitum,  Extractum 
colchici  and  Extractum  opii,  which  is  almost 
identical  with  pills  prescribed  by  Sir  Henry  Hol- 
ford  for  the  gout;  the  only  difference  being,  that 
the  latter  substitutes  Dover's  ponder  for  the  Ex- 
tractum opii. 

Pill,  Opiate,  of  Lead,  Pilula  plumhi  opiatse. 

Pill,  Lee's  New  London,  is  composed  of 
scammony,  gamboge,  calomel,  jalap,  ulotn,  bvup 
and  syrup  of  birckthorn. 

Pill,  Lee's  Windham,  consists  of  yamboge, 
aloe*,  una j>  and  nitrate  of  potassa. 

Pill  Machine,  Pilulier — p.  Matthews's,  see 
Pilula  ex  helleboro  et  myriha —  p.  Mercurial, 
Piiula  hydrargyri — p.  of  mild  chloride  of  Mer- 
cury, Pilula  hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis  —  p.  Mof- 
fat's, Pilula  aloes  et  cambogia  —  p.  Morrison's, 
Pilula  aloes  ct  cambogiae,  see  Pilula  cambogiae 
compositae — p.  Moseley's,  PiluUe  rhej  composites 

—  p.  Night,  common,  Pilula  opiatse  —  p.  Opiate, 
Pilula  opiatSS  —  p.  Peter'.-,  see  Pilula  aloes  et 
cambogia — p.  Pluinmer's,  Pilula  hydrargyri  BUO- 
muriatis  composites  —  p.  of  sulphate  of  Quini'a, 
Pilula-  quinisa  ralphatis— p.  Red,  Pilula-  hydrar- 
gyri Bubmuriatis  composites — p.  Red,  Boerhaare'a, 
Bee  Hydrargyri  rolpburetum  rubrum — p.  of  Rhu- 
barb, Pilula  rhej  —  p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound, 
Pilula  rhei  composita- — p.  Rudius's,  Piiula-  aloes 
et  eolocynthidis  —  p.  Rufus's,  Pilula-  all 
myrrha-  —  p.    Rush's,   see    Pilula-    aloes    et    cam- 

-p.  Scotch,  Pilula  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p. 
of  Soap  and  opium,  Pilula-  Baponis  cum  opio — p. 
Bpeediman's,  Bee  Pilules  aloe.-  et  myrrha  —  p. 
Squatting,  Pilula-  opiatse  —  p.  Squill,  compound, 
Pilula-  .-cilia-  compositae  —  p.  Stahl's,  see  PiluUe 
de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Starkey's,  see  Pilula-  ex 


helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  Stomachic,  see   Pilula 

PlLL,    EVERLASTING.      A    pill    once    in    rogue,      aha-.-  et  kina-  kina-,  and  Pilula-  rhej  —  p.  St-. rax, 

and  -ail   to   be   composed   of   metallic    antimony.      Piiula-  e  styracc — p.  of  Strychnia,  Pilula-  strych- 

i.ave  the  property  of  purging     nia — p.  of  Submuriate  of  mercury,  compound, 

in   a-  it  was  swallowed.     A   lady  baving     Pilula-   hydrargyri   Bubmuriatis    compositae  —  p. 

swallowed  one  of  these  pills,  l ame  seriously     Tanjore,  Piiula-  Asiatics) — p.  Turpentine,  Pilulae 

alarmed  at  its  not  passing.     "  Ma  bun."  said  her    de  terebinthina  —  p.  Valb  ri  protocar- 

"fear    not;     it    has     already    passed  ||  bunas,  and  Piiula  ferri  carbonatis — p.  Webster's, 


PILLAR 


14 


PILULJE 


Pilulne  aloes  et  kinas  kinas —  p.  Whytt's,  see  Pi- 
luhe  de  aloe  et  foetidis. 

PILLAR,  Pi'la,  Cohnn'na,  Columel'la,  (F.) 
Piliev.  A  name  given  to  several  parts;  as  the 
pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  diaphragm,  &c. 

PILLULA,  Pilula. 

PILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see 
Piillna. 

PILON,  Pilum. 

PILOSELLA,  Hieraciuin  pilosella — rj.  Alpina, 
Hieraciuin  pilosella. 

PILOSUS,  Pileous. 

PILOUS,  Pileous. 

PIL'ULA,  Pill' ula,  plural  Pil'idas.  Diminu- 
tive of  pila,  'a  ball.'  Sphasrid'ion,  Catapo'tion, 
Catop'otum,  Catapo'tia,  Sphas'rion,  Gongyl'ion, 
Gon'gylis,  Gongylid'ium,  Sphas'nila  Gale'ni.  A 
pill.  (F.)  Pilule.  A  simple  or  compound  medi- 
cine, weighing  from  one  to  five  grains,  of  a  firm 
consistence  and  spherical  form;  iutended  to  be 
swallowed  at  once,  without  chewing.  The  Pill 
differs  from  the  Bolus,  the  latter  being  softer  and 
larger. 

Medicines  are  often  given  in  the  form  of  pill, 
on  account  of  their  disagreeable  taste  and  odour. 
Pilula,  also,  means  a  Pilular  mass. 

PILULJE  EX  ALOE,  P.  aloes  compositae—  p. 
de  Aloe  et  cambogia,  P.  aloes  et  cainbogiae. 

Piltl.e  Aloes.  P.  Alo'et'ica>  seu  ex  Aloe  et 
Sapo'ne,  Aloet'ic  Pill,  (F.)  Pilules  d'aloes  ou  alo- 
etiques.  (Aloes  in  pulv. ;  saponis.  sing.  t^j  ;  syr. 
q.  s.  to  form  240  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  xx,  in  habitual  costiveness. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Assafce'tid.e,  Aloetic  and 
Assafretida  Pills.  (Aloes,  assafoetidas,  saponis, 
sinS-  3SS>  anu&,  q-  s.  to  form  ISO  pills. — Ph.  U. 
S.)     Purgative  and  stomacic.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

Pilule  Aloks  et  Cambo'gle,  P.  de  Aloe  et 
Gumbo' gid  seu  Hydrago'gae  Bon'tii,  Pill  of  Aloes 
and  Camboge.  (Aloes,  cambog.,  gum.  ammoniac., 
aa  p.  a?.  Make  into  a  powder.  Dissolve  in  vine- 
gar;  pass  through  a  cloth;  express  the  residuum 
strongly;  and  afterwards  evaporate,  in  a  water- 
bath,  to  a  pilular  consistence. — Ph.  P.)  Purga- 
tive; used  in  dropsy.     Dose,  gr.  xij  to  xxx. 

Peter's  Pills, — a  nostrum — are  formed  of  aloes, 
jalap,  scammony,  and  camboge,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

The  basis  of  Morrison's  Pills,  often  called  Hy- 
giene Pills,  of  Brandreth's  Pills,  and  Moffat's 
Pills,  is  said  to  be  aloes,  with  camboge,  scam- 
mony,  &c. 

Bush's  Pills  were  formed  of  calomel,  aloes,  and 
camboge,  with  oil  of  mint. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidts,  P.  ex  Co- 
locynth'ide  cum  aloe  seu  Aloes  cum  Colocynthide 
seu  coe'einas  seacoe'ehii  seu  colocyn' th  id  is  compos'  - 
itm  seu  coe'eias  mino'res,  Pill  of  Aloes  and  Colo- 
cynth.,  (F.)  Pilules panchy ma gogues  ou  universel- 
les,  Pilules  coehe.es.  (Pulp,  coloc.  ^ss;  aloes 
hepat.,  scammon.  aa  ^j  ;  sapon.  ^ij  ;  ol.  caryoph. 
^j;  syrup,  q.  s. — Ph.D.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  gr. 
v  to  x  or  more. 

Fotli'ergill's  Pills  consist  of  aloes,  scammony, 
colocy nth,  and  oxide  of  antimony  ;  and  Harvey's 
Antibilious  Pills,  and  Budius's  Pills  do  not  dif- 
fer much  from  them. 

Pilule  Aloes  Compos'it.e,  P.  ex  Aloe,  Com- 

found  Aloetic  Pills.  (Aloes  spic.  extract,  cont. 
j;  ext.  gentianas,  ^ss  ;  olei  carui,  gtt.  xl :  syr. 
q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  These  are  sometimes,  also,  called 
Family  pills,  Antibilious  pills,  &c. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Ferrt,  Pills  of  aloes  and 
Iron.  (Ferri  sulphat.  p.  iij  ;  Aloes  Barbad.  p. 
ij  :  Pulv.  arom.  p.  vj  ;  Conserv.  Bosas,  p.  viij. — 
Ph.  Ed.>  In  atonic  constipation.  Dose,  one  to 
three  pills. 
Pilulje  de  Aloe  et  Fce'tidis,  P.  Benedic'tce 


Fulleri  seu  Ecphrac'ticae  seu  Aloes  martia'les, 
Pills  of  aloes  and  fetid  gums,  Female  pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  henites  de  Fuller.  (Aloes  socotr.,  sennas, 
assafoetidce,  galbani,  aa  £'j  !  myrrh.  £iv  ;  crt  <-i, 
I  macis,  aa,  ^ j  :  ferri  sulphat.  £\ss.  Reduce  to 
powder  separately,  and  add  ol.  succin.  gtt.  viij  ; 
syr.  artemisias,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  Purgative,  and 
given  in  hysteria.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xx. 

Whytt's  Pills,  given  in  similar  cases,  consisted 
of  chloride  of  iron,  aloes,  extract  of  horehound, 
and  assafvetida. 

Stahl's  Pills,  much  used  as  a  tonic  aperient  in 
Germany,  are  made  as  follows: — Ferri  pulv.,  ^ss; 
Aloes  pulo.,  ]^ij;  Ext.  colcynth.,  Q j  j  mucilag, 
acacias  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil  xl. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Jalap'^e,  commonly  called 
Anderson's  jjills,  Anderson's  Scots'  pills,  Scotch 
pi  Hi.  (Aloes  Barbad.  Ibj  ;  rod.  helleb.  nigr., 
rod.  jalapaz,  potassas  subcarb.  aa  ^j  :  ol.  auisi, 
^iv  ;  syrup,  simpl.  q.  s.  —  Gray.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xxx. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following:  Aloes  liar, 
badens.  ^xxiv;  saponis.  "^'w  \  colocynthid.  ^j ; 
cambogias,  ^j  ;   ol.  anis.  f  5SS. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Kin^e  Kin,e,  P.  stomaeh'icce 
seu  ante  cibum,  Pill  of  aloes  and  cinchotia,  (F.) 
Pilules  gourmandes.  (Aloes  socotr.  SJvj  :  ext.  cini 
chon.  Sjiij  ;  cinnam.  ^j  ;  syrup,  absinth,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)  Stomachic  and  laxative.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  xx. 

Lady  Crespigny's  pills,  Lady  Webster's  pills, 
Lady  Hesketh's  pills ;  the  Pilules  de  Duchesne, 
(Qnercetanus),  the  Grains  de  Vie  ou  Pilules  de 
Clerambourg  ;  the  Pilules  Lndiennes  stomach iqnes 
de  De  la  Croix,  the  Pilules  de  Barbier,  and  the 
Pilulas  stomach'icas  Jfesues  (Ph.  L.  1635),  resem- 
ble these. 

Frank's  pills,  much  employed,  also,  as  'dinner 
pills,'  or,  —  to  use  the  language  of  the  eccentric 
Kitchener — as  ' peptic  persuaders'  are  said  to 
be  much  used,  under  the  name  Graines  de  saute, 
in  various  parts  of  Europe.  They  consist  of 
I  aloes,  jalap,  and  rhubarb,  with  syrup  of  icorm- 
icood  as  an  exeipient. 

Pilule  Aloes  Martiales,  P.  de  aloe  et  foe- 
tidis. 

PlLULvE  Aloes  et  Myrrh.e.  P.  aloes  cum  myr- 
rhd  seu  de  aloe  et  myrrha,  P.  Buji  seu  Buffi  seu 
commn'nes,  Bufus's  or  Bnffus's  pills.  Common 
pills,  Pills  of  Aloes  and  myrrh.  (Aloes,  Sjij  ;  croei, 
in  pulv.  ,^ss;  myrrh,  ^j  ;  syr.  q.  s.  to  form  480 
pills. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic  and  emmenagogue. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Hooper's  pills  —  possessed  of  similar  properties 
—  according  to  one  of  Gray's  formulas  are  made 
as  follows:  Ferri  sulph.,  aquae,  aa  5 viij.  Dis- 
solve. Add  aloes  Barbad.  Ibij  and  gviij  ;  cancl- 
las.  albas,  t^vj  ;  gum.  myrrh,  ^ij  ;  opopanacis,  giv. 
The  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  :  Aloes 
Barbadensis,  ^  viij  ;  ferri  sulphat  is  exsiccat.  ^ij, 
and  ,^iss,  vel  ferri  sulph.  crystall.  5iv  ;  ext.  Jul- 
feb.  nigr.  t^ij  ;  myrrh,  t^ij  ;  saponis,  ^ij;  canellas, 
in  pulv.  tritae,  ^j  :  zingib.  in  pulv.  trit.  ^j. 

Speediman's  pills  consist  of  aloes,  myrrh,  rhv\ 
barb,  extract  of  chamomile,  and  essential  oil  of 
chamomile  ;  and  the  Pills  of  Barthez.  of  aloes, 
myrrh,  musk,  camphor,  and  balsam  of  Peru. 

PiluLjE  de  Aloe  et  Sapone,  P.  aloetica?. 

Pilule  Aloes  cum  Zixgib'kke,  Pills  of  aloes 
and  ginger.  (Aloes  hepat.  t^j  ;  rad.  zingib.  in 
pulv.  5Jj  !  sapon.  Hispan.  £ss;  ol.  ess.  menthce  pip- 
^ss. — Ph.  D.)  In  habitual  costiveness.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilul^e  Ammoniitre'ti  Cppri,  P.  Cupri,  P//'s 

of  Ammo'niuret  of  copper,   (F.)  Pilules   d'amma- 

niure  de  cuivre.      (Ammoninr.  cupri,  in  pulv.  ten. 

,;  trit.,  gr.  xvj ;  micas  panis,  Qiv;  aquas  curbomdit 


PILUL-E 


16 


PILUL/E 


ammonia,  q.  b.     Beat  into  i  mass,  snd  divide  Into 

xxxij  pills.— Ph.  K.i  Tonio  and  antispasmodic, 
in  epilepsy,  Ac.  Dose,  one  pill  twice  daily; 
gradually  increasing  the 

PlLDLJ!  Ami:  I'm!  m,  1'.  aloes  «'t  kin  SB  kin:y. 

I'ii  i  iv.  Antibimo'sje,  Barclay'*  AntibiViou* 
Extract  of  colocynth,  ,^ij  :   reel*  of  jalap. 

~j  ;    almond  *oap,  glBS  \    gitaiac,  ^iij  J   emetic    tart. 

er.  viij  ;  oil*  of  juniper,  carraway,and  rotemary, 
U  iv  drops :  *yrvp  of  buckthorn,  q.  s.  tu  form  M 
D  se,  two  or  three. 

,\   Autibiliou*  }>ill*   arc  formed  of  aloe*, 
tcantmony,  rhubarb,  and  tartarized  antimony. 

Tu. ri.  k    Antih i.im'i: i i.  »:.    Pilulsa    hydrargyri 
mbmuriatia  comp.— p.  Antihystericse,  P.  galbani 

i;    ^.NTISCROPHULO'S M,  P.  ex  ox'ido  ttib'U 

et  hydrar'ayri  tulphnre'to  nigra  compoa'ita.     (P. 

on.,  hydrarg.  tulphnr.   nigr.   aa   3  i j :    anti- 

oxidi  albi,  milleped.,  aapon.  amygdalin.Aa 

■  glyeyrrh.  r>v-     Make  into  a  mass. 

—Ph.  P.)     Dose,  gr.  iv  to  xx. 

P11. i  1  B  ANTlsPASTiCiE,  P.  galbani  compositse 
—  p.  Assafoetidss  composite,  P.  galbani  compo- 

Pilule   Asiat'icae,  Asiat'ic  or  Tanjore  pill*. 

.  !-.   Iv  :   piper,  nigr.  pulv.,  3*xi 

.  q.  -.  ut  fiant  pil.  800.      Each  pill  contains 

about  one-fifteenth  of  a  grain  of  arsenioua  acid. 

pills  are  employed  in  India  for  the  cure  of  i 

hantiasis. 

'  Put  1  r  AsSAFCE'TID.E,  Assafet'ida  pill*.     (A*- 

l.  j^isa  :   *aponia,  ^ss.      Beat  with  tenter  so 

nil  a  mass  to  be  divided  into  240  pills. — 

Piui  t:     BALSAM'lCAi,     P.    Docto'ri*    Morton. 

■  I.  pulverisat.  o-wiij  :  gum  amnion,  ^xy, 

-  ovJ  :   oroci,  boltami  Perun.  aa    t^j  : 

.  tulph.  anisat.  ,^vj.  Mix. — Ph.  P.)  Tonic, 

tor  ant,  and  balsamic. 

Phi  i..e    Benedicts    Fulleri,  P.  de  aloe  et 

Pit. ilk  Calomelaxos  Composit.e,  P.  Hydrar- 

submuriatis  compositse. 
Pn.ri.i-:   Calomel'anos   et   Opii,  P.  Hydrar'- 
'or'idi  •  t  o'pii,  Pills  of  Calomel  and  Opium. 
irj.  chlurid.  mit.  p.  iij;  Opii  p.  j  ;   Confect. 
livided  into  pills  each  contain- 
two  grains  of  calomel. —  Ph.  Ed.) 
I'ii.m.v:   Cambo'gIjE   CoMPOS'l  1.1:,   P.   de  gitttd 
si  hydraga'gai  sen  gummi  gutta  aloet'- 
Gamboge  pill*,  Compound  camboge  pills,  (F.) 
•    de    (join me  gntte   composfe*.      (Cambogia 
eontrita,  aloe*  spicat.  extract,  contriti.,  pulv,  cin- 
nam.  comp.  sing.  ,^j  !  *aponi*,  Jij. — Ph.  L.)     Ca- 
r.  x  to  xx. 
•  ton's  Pill*  are  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  be 
nothing  more  than  the  above,  with  the  addition 
of  a  small  portion  of  cream  of  tartar, 
Pii.'i  i.v:  Cathar'tic*  Compos'ii  e,  Compound 

Iti'c   pill*.     (Ext.  colocynth.  comp.   in   pulv. 
i])(P.    in   pulv..  hydrarg.  chlorid.  mit. 
:  gam  bog.  in  pulv.  ^ij.     M.      Form  into  a 
and   make  into  ISO  pills. — Ph. 
!  .  -       Three  for  a  d 

I'll. 1  11:  <'m. 1111.  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p. 

.    P.  aloes   et   colocynthidis  —  p. 

ilocynthidis  —  p.  Colchici 

et  digits  is,  P.  Lartigue's— p.  Colocynthidis  com- 

-  .  P.  nloea  et  colocynthidis — p.  ex  Colocyn- 

ilocynthidis. 

Pin  1  nth' 1  MS  KT  HT08(  v' ami,  Pill* 

(/'-/.     Colocynth. 

p.  ij  :  Kit.  Hyotcyam,  p.  i. — Ph.  B.)    Dose, 

•    gr.  v  1..  gr. 

1'iu  1  1  i'ommivks.  p.  aloes  et  myrrh  se. 
I'ii. 1  1. »:  Conn  Covpos'its,  Compound  Pill  of 
II-  ~v  :  Tpeeae.  pulv.  ,~j  :  The- 

|  S. — Ph.  L.)  Dose,  gr.  v  three  times  a  day. 


I'll. 1  1   l  i'i  im:i.  P.  animoniureti  cupri. 
_  1'ii.ri   1   COPA'IU  1.  Pill* of  C  j  lib*.        Coptifb. 
^ij:  magmeeia,  recente*  proper.  ,^j.     Mix,  and 
Mt  aside  till  it  concretes  into  a  pilnlar  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  200  pills.— Ph.  V.  B.)     Bach  pill 

contains  nearly  five   grains   of  OOpaib*.      Two   to 

six  tor  a  dote. 

l*n  11 -k  Cdpri  Ammoma'ti.  Pith  ofammo'ni- 
ated  Copper.     (Cupri  ammon,  in  pnlv.  p.  j;  mica 

pantt,  p.   vj  ;    Liq.    amnion,    carltonat.  4.   S. —  Ph. 

E.)     Dose,  one  to  six  pills. 

I'm. 1  1  1  DI  Cl  ttOGI  OS's.  1,  /'.  de  extratfto  o'pii. 
(I'nlr.  rail,  cynoglott.,  tenxin,  hyotcyam.  alb.,  ex- 
tract, opii  vino*,  aa  t^iv  ;  pule,  myrrh,  3vj  :  olibati. 
2  et,  'astor.,  aa  Jiss ;  *ymp  opii,  q.  s. — > 

Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  In  cough,  <tc.  Dose,  gr.  iv 
to  gr.  viij. 

Pilule  Depuraxtks,  P.  hydrargyri  Bubmu- 
riatis  compos. 

PlLULJE    DiOITa'I-IS    KT    Srn.l    1  .    I'ills  of  l>'"ji- 

talis    and    Squill.      (Digital.,    S'^i/ler,    IB    p.    j ; 
Fleet,  aromat.  p.  ij. — Ph.  E.)     One  or  two  pills 
for  a  dose. 
Pilule  EcphracttcjE,  P.  de  aloe  et  foetidis. 

Pii.rL/E  Fkhri  Carbona'tip,  Pill*  of  carbonate 
of  iron,  Val/et'x  pill*,  ValUf* ferru'ginou*  pill*. 
(Fen-i  tulph.  t^\iij:  toda  carbonat.  (^.\:  Mel. 
detpumat,  giij  j  taechar.  t^ij ;  aqua  l"tlli<  ntit,  "ij ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and 
carbonate  of  soda,  each  in  a  pint  of  the  water, 
and  to  each  solution  add  a  Quidounee  of  syrup; 
then  mix  the  two  solutions  in  a  bottle  jnst  large 
enough  to  contain  them;  close  it  accurately  with 
a  stopper,  and  set  it  by,  that  the  carbonate  of 
iron  may  subside.  Pour  off  the  liquid,  and  having 
washed  the  precipitate  with  warm  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup  in  the  proportion  of  f5j  of  the 
latter  to  Oj  of  the  former,  until  the  washings  no 
longer  have  a  saline  taste,  place  it  upon  a  flannel 
cloth,  and  express  as  much  water  as  possible  ; 
then  mix  it  with  the  honey  and  sugar.  Lastly, 
heat  the  mixture  in  a  water-hath,  until  it  attains 
a  pilnlar  consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

PiluLjE  Fkkki  Compos'it.i:.  P.ferrieum  myr- 
rhd,  Compound  pill*  of  iron,  Griffith'*  Pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  de  fer  compoaSe*.  (Myrrh,  in  pnlv.  5pj  ; 
sodas  tnbearb.,  ferri  tulph,  aa  t^j  ;  tyrnp,  q,  s. 
Mix,  to  form  80*  pills.— Ph.  U.  S\)  Tonic.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  xx. 

I'ii. 1  1.  1:  Fkbri  Iod'idi,  Pills  of  Iodide  of  iron. 
(Ferri  tulphat.  5>j  ;  Potass,  iodid,  ^iv;  traga- 
canth.  pulv.  gr.  x:  aacehar. pnlv. gss.  Beat  with 
syrup  into  a  mass,  to  form  40  pil].-. —  Ph.  lr.  8.) 
•  ne  to  three  where  a  tonic  and  eutrophic 
is  indicated. 

Pilule  Fehri  cim  Mvrriia,  P.  Ferri  compo- 
sitsa. 

Pilule  Ferri  Sulpha'tis,  Pill*  of  Sulphate 
of  Iron.  (Ferri  auf/i/i.  <  xticc  p.  ij :  Ext,  Taraxae. 
p.  v ;  Conterv.  Rota  p.  ij  ;  Olyeyrrhiu.  pulv.  p. 
iij. — Ph.  E.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xx. 

Pilul^e  FcETinjE.  P.  galbani  comp' 

P11.11..K  Qal'bawi  Compos']  i  1:.  /'.  attafattida 

compos' iter  sen  ft,  'tit/tr  sen  ijn inmo' 's<r  sell  0  </ummi 

scu  antitpat'tiea  sen  antihytter'ica  sen   myrrh/a 

COmpoa'ita,   Compound   tjal' hannm   pill,   Hum   pill. 

(Oalban.,  myrrha,  aS  .^vj ;  attafostidai,  ,^ij ; 
•yrttp.  <p  s.  to  form  240  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Antl- 
Bpasmodia  and  emmenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  x  to 
xx. 

Pilulji  (iiMMt.  P.  galbani  oompositss  —  p. 
Grnmmi  gnttss  aloetiose,  I*.  oambogisa  compositse 
—  p.  QnmmossB,  P.  galbani  eompeeitss — p.  de 
Gotta  gamandra,  1*.  oambogiai  compositse. 

I'll. 1  1  1:  1  \  1 1 1:1  1  1  B'ORO  kt  MviuriiA,  /'.  t>,\>'- 
i'ii ,  H'lthrr'x  pi/lx,  Tonie  pills  of  Bacher,  I'ills 
of  hellebore  and  myrrh.  (Fit.  helleb.  uig.t 
myrrh.   U    ,^  j :    foL    cardui    benedict,    in    pair, 

3'ij.     M.  —  Ph.  P.)      Tonic  and  emmenagogue. 


PILUL.E 


16 


PILUL.E 


In  dropsical,  cutaneous,  and  verminous  affections. 
Dose,  gr.  iv  to  gr.  viij. 

Matthews'*  pills,  —  Starkey's  pills,  are  formed 
of  rad.  helleb.  nigr.,  rad.  glycyrrh.,  sapon.  Castill., 
Vdd.  curcuma,  opii  purif.,  syrup,  croci,  aa  ^iv; 
ol.  tereb.  q.  s.  ut  fiat  tnassa.  —  Gray. 

Pilule  Hydragoge,  P.  cambogiae  compositae 
■ — p.  Hydragogae  Bontii,  Pilulae  aloes  et  catnbogia?. 

Pilule  Hydrar'gyri,  P.  mercun'a'les,  Mer- 
curial or  Blue  pill,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Mercure. 
(Hydrarg.  purif.  ^j  ;  conf.  rosa,  ^iss  ;  glycyrrh. 
pulv.  ^§88.  Rub  the  quicksilver  with  the  confec- 
tion, until  the  globules  disappear;  then  add  the 
liquorice  powder,  and  beat  the  whole  into  a  uniform 
mass,  to  be  divided  into 480  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Anti- 
syphilitic;  mercurial; — in  large  doses,  purgative. 

A  purgative  pill,  much  prescribed  by  Mr.  Aber- 
nethy,  and  called  Abcmethy's  pill,  consisted  of 
pil.  hydrarg.  gr.  x;  jalap,  pulv.  gr.  xx;  syruj). 
rhamni,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  vj.  Two  were  given  at 
night,  and  the  next  morning  a  wineglassful  of 
infnsum  senna. 

Pilule  Hydrargyri  Chloridi  et  Opii,  P. 
Calomelanos  et  Opii. 

Pilule  Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridi  Mitis,  Pills 
of  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  Cal'omel  pills.  {Hy- 
drarg. chlurid.  mit.  ,^ss;  acacia,  in  pulv.  ^j  ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  240.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
pill  contains  one  grain. 

Pilule  de  Hydrargyro,  Scammo'nio  et 
Aloe,  vulgo  Mercuria'les,  (F.)  Pilules  Mer- 
curielles  ou  de  Mercure,  Scammonee  et  Aloes. 
(Hydrarg,  purif.  ^j  ;  mellis,  3jxj.  Rub  until  the 
globules  disappear;  then  add  aloes  Socot.,  scam- 
iii on.  aa<fij;  macis,  cinnam.  aa  £ij.  Make  into 
a  mass. — Ph.  P.)  Uses,  same  as  the  last,  but 
they  are  more  purgative.  Dose,  gr.  viij  to  xxx. 
These  pills  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  Pastilles 
de  Renaudot. 

Pilule  ex  Hydrargyro  Muriatico  miti  cum 
Sulphure  Stibiato  Aurantiaco,  Pilulae  hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  compositae. 

Pilule  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  Compos- 
ite, P.  ex  stib'io  et  hydrar'gyro  seu  antiherpet'- 
icm  seu  ex  hydrargyro  muriat'ico  miti  cum  sul'- 
phure  stibia'to  auriantiaco  seu  resolven'tes  cum 
mercurio  seu  depura>ttes  seu  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis, Pilula  Hydrar'gyri  chlor'idi  cumpo'sitce, 
PilidcB  calomel' anoa  compos'itcB,  Compound  Calo- 
omel  pill,  Compound  pills  of  submuriate  of  mer- 
cury, Calomel  pills,  Plummer's  pills,  lied  pill.  (Hy- 
drarg. submur.,  antimon.  sulphur,  precipitat.  sing. 
3>ij  j  gnaiac.  gum  resin,  contrit.  ^iv  ;  spirit  red. 
gss.  Beat  together. — Ph.  L.j  Mercurial,  and 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic  and  alterative.  Dose, 
gr.  v  to  x. 

Leake's  pilula  saluta'ria  resembles  these.  It 
is  used  in  syphilis. 

Pilule  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  et  Opii, 
P.  Calomelanos  et  Opii. 

Pilule  Ipecacuan'he  et  Opii,  Pills  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha and  Opium.  (Pulv.  Ipecac,  et  Opii,  p.  iij  ; 
Conserv.  Rosa,  p.  j. — Ph.  E.)  One  grain  of  opium 
in  about  thirteen  grains. 

Pilule  Ipecacuan'he  cum  Scilla,  Pills  of 
Ipecacuanha  with  Squill.  (Pulv.  Ipecac,  comp. 
25' ij  '  Scilla  pulv.,  Ammoniac,  in  pulv.  aa  £J  5 
Theriac.  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)      Dose,  gr.  v  to  X. 

Pilule  Mkrcuriales,  P.  hydrargyri.  P.  de 
hydrargyro,  scamtnonio  et  aloe — p.Doctoris  Mor- 
ton, P.  balsamicae  —  p.  Myrrhae  compositae,  P. 
Gal  ban  i  compositae." 

Pilule  Opia'te,  Pilula  Opii  (Ph.  U.  S.).  P. 
Theba'ica,  Opiate  pills.  Common  night  pills,  Ano- 
dyne pills,  (Prov.)  Squatting  pills,  Nepen'thes 
opia'tum,  (F.)  Pilules  opiacees.  (Opii  pulv. 
rtJ  !  sapon.  gr.  xij  :  to  be  made  into  60  pills. — Ph. 
U.  S.}     Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  opium. 

Pilule  de  Extracto  Opii,  P.  de  cynoglosso 


—  p.  ex  Oxido  stibii  et  hydrargyri  sulphureto 
nigro  compositae,  Pilulae  antiscrophulosae. 

Pilule  Plljibi  Opia'te,  O'piate  Pills  of 
Lead.  (Plumb,  acetat.,  p.  vj  ;  Opii,  p.  j  ;  Con- 
serv. Rosa,  p.  j.  To  be  made  into  four  grain 
pills. — Ph.  E.)  Each  pill  contains  three  grains 
of  acetate  of  lead. 

Pilule  Resolventes  cum  Mercurio,  P.  hy- 
drargyri submuriatis  compos. — p.  de  Rhabarbaro, 
Pilulae  rhei  compositae. 

The  stomachic  nostrum,  sold  under  the  name 
of  Moseley's pills,  consists  merely  of  rhubarb  and 
ginger. 

Pilule  Qui'nie  Sulpha'tis,  Pills  of  sulphate 
of  quinia.  (Quin.  sulph.  S|j  ;  acacia,  in  pulv. 
^ij;  mel.  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pilulae  480. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  the  sulphate  of 
quinia. 

Pilule  Rhej,  Pills  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhej  pulv. 
gvj;  saponis,  ^ij.  M.  et  fiant  pil.  120.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)     Each  pill  contains  three  grains  of  rhubarb. 

A  good  dinner  or  stomachic  pill  is  made  of 
Rhej  pulv.  £ij  ;  Capsic.  pulv.  gj  ;  make  into  a 
mass  with  molasses,  and  divide  into  60  pills. 
Dose,  two  or  three  before  dinner. 

Pilule  Rhei  Compos'ite,  P.  de  Rhahar'baro, 
Compound  rhubarb  pills.  (Rhei,  pulv.  ^j  ;  aloes, 
pulv.  £vj  ;  myrrh,  pulv.  giv;  of.  mentha pip.  f3s?- 
Beat  into  a  mass,  with  syrup  of  orange-peel,  to 
form  240  pills.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  sto- 
machic.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilule  Rhej  et  Ferri,  Pills  of  Rhubarb  and 
Iron.  ( Ferri  sulph.  exsiccat.  p.  iv ;  Ext.  Rhej,  p.  x  ; 
Conserv.  Rosa,  p.  v.  Make  into  five  grain  pills.) 
Dose,  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  two  or  three  pills. 

Griffiths  pills,  so  called  after  Dr.  S.  P.  Griffitts, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  prescribed  them  as  a  tonic 
aperient,  were  formed  as  follows: — Rhej,  pulv. 
SJiss;  ferri  sulph.  ^ss ;  saponis,  "$\y,  aqua,  q.  s. 
ut  fiat  massa  in  pil.  xl  dividenda.  Dose,  three  or 
four  at  bedtime. 

Pilule  Rufi,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  Salu- 
tariae,  Leake's,  see  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
compositae  —  p.  Saponaceae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio 

—  p.  Saponis  compositae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio. 
Pilule  Sapo'nis  Compos'ite,  P.  Sapona'cece 

seu  sapo'nis  compos' ita,  Pills  of  soap  and  opium, 
(F.)  Pilules  de  savon  et  d'opium.  (Opii,  ^jss; 
sapon.  t^ij.  M. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Five  grains  contain 
one  of  opium. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
form  for  the  Pilula  opii,  Opium  pills,  as  well  as 
for  the  Pilula  saponis  composita  ;  the  only  differ- 
ence between  them  being  in  the  proportion  of  the 
ingredients.     See  Pilulae  opiatae. 

Pilule  e  Scilla,  P.  scillae  compositre. 

Pilule  Scille  Compos'ite,  P.  scillit'ica  seu 
scilla  cum  zingib'ere  seu  e  scilla,  Compound  squill 
pill.  (Scilla,  pulv.  ^j  ;  zingib.  pulv.,  ammoniac. 
pulv.  aa  gij  !  saponis,  £iij  ;  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant 
pil.  120.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  two  pills.  Expec- 
torant and  diuretic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilule  Scille  cum  Zingtbere,  P.  scillae  com- 
positae— p.  Scilliticae,  P.  scillae  compositae — p.  ex 
Stibio  et  hydrargyro,  P.  hydrargyri  submur.  com- 
pos.—  p.  Stomachicae,  P.  aloes  et  kinae  kinae. 

Pilule  Strych'nie,  Pills  of  Strychnia.  (Very 
pure  strychnine,  2  gr.  ;  conserve  of  roses,  £ss. 
Make  into  24  pills.)     One  or  two  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Sty'racis,  P.  S.  Compos'ita,  Storag 
Pills.     (Styracis  pur.  gvi :  opii,  croci,  sing.  £\j. 

—  Ph.  E.)     Five  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Pilule  Sublixguales,  Hypoglottides. 
Pilule  de  Terebin'thina,   Turpentine  Pills. 

Made  of  turpentine  boiled  in  3  times  its  weight 
of  water,  until,  when  thrown  into  cold  water,  it 
forms  a  soft  paste,  which  has  the  properties  of 
turpentine,  and  has  been  administered  in  gleet,  ic. 


PILULAK 


17 


PINEA 


Pilpl.e  Ttn-.BAic  n.  P.  opiate — p.  Tonieo?,  P. 
ex  Helleboro  et  myrrha. 

PIL'ULAR,  Pilula'ria,  (F.)  Pilulaire,  from 
pilula,  'a  pill.'  Relating  to  pills, — as  '  a  pilular 
m  i  —  .'  '  pilular  form,'  A  ■■. 

PILULES,  Pilulae— p.  Agrfgativee,  see  Aggre- 

.  d'Aloea  ou  aloitiquea,  Pilula  aloetiese — 

imoniure   de   cuivre,    Pilulae    ammoiiiureti 

cupri — p.  de  Barbier,  Bee  Pilulae  Aloes  et  kime 

k\mv  —  />•   Benitea  de   Fuller,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et 

foetidis— 1>.  Cockles,  Pilulae  aloes  et  colocynthidis 

Duchesne,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et  kraae  kinae 

n.  ,1    /'<;•  compoaSea,  Pilulae  ferri  eomposme — 

•ugineuaea  de   Vallei,  see  Ferri  protocarbo- 
,.  Gourmandea,  Pilulae  aloes  et  kina:  kime 
—  p.    fndiennea    atomachiquea    de    Delacroix,    see 
Pilulae  aloes  et  kinae  kina —  p.  de  Lartigue,  Pill, 
Lartiirue's — p.  de  Mere u re,  PiluUe  hydrargyri — p. 
■ure,  Ac,  Pilulae  de  hydrargyro,  et  scam- 
monio  et  aloe—;*.  Mercuriellea,  Pilula  de  hydrar- 
scammonio   et  aloe  —  p.   Opiace'ea,  Pilulae 
p.  P<tuch>/magogue*.  Pilula?  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis— p.  de  Savon  it  d  Opium,  Pilula?  saponis 
cum  opio — p.  Univeraelles,  Pilula?  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis. 

PILULIER  (F.),  PHI  Machine.  An  instrument 
for  rolling  and  dividing  pills.     Also  the  earthen 
which  pills  are  preserved. 
PILUM,   Piatil'lua,  Pist  ilium,  Hijp'eroa,  Cer'- 
,    )  Pilon.     A  pestle.    A  wooden,  iron,  bell- 
metal,  marble,  a<rate,  porcelain,  or  glass  instrument 
for  beating  or  dividing  substances  in  a  mortar. 

A    apring  pestle    is    one    attached    above  to  a 
spring,  so  as  to  take    off  the  weight,  and   thus 
the  labour  of  pounding. 
PILUS,  Capillus,  Caul,  Hair. 
PIMELE,  Fat. 

PIMELECCHYSIS,  Pimelorrhoea. 
PIMELICUS,  Fatty. 

PIMELPTIS,  from  izint\n,  'fat,'  and  itia,  de- 
notinir  inQammation.     Inflammation  of  the  adi- 

I 
PIMELODES,  Fatty. 

PIMELO'MA,  from  mm\r,,  'fat.'  A  fatty 
■welling. 

P1MELORRHCE  'A,  Pimelec'chyat'4,  from 
rj/«X>7,  'fat.'  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  A  morbid  dis- 
charge or  disappearance  of  fat. 

PIMELORTHOPN(E'A,  Piorthopnce'a  j  from 
r(ucXv,  'fat,'  opBos,  'upright,'  and  nvttiv,  'to 
breathe.'  Dyspnoea,  practicable  only  in  the  erect 
attitude,  owing  to  fat. 

PI.MELO'SIS,    Obea'itas    nim'ici,  from    mnc\r), 
'fat.'     Conversion  into,  or  formation  of,  fat,  —  as 
t'aia   hepat'ica,  'fatty  degeneration  of  the 
liver.' 

PlMBLOSlS  IIepatica,  Adiposis  hepatica  —  p. 
Himia,  see  Polysarcia. 

PIMENT,  Capsicum  annuutn — p.  d'Ean,  Poly- 
gonum bydropiper — p.  Royal,  Myrica  gale. 
PIMENTA,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMKXT.E   BACCJE,  Bee  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMENTO,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMPERNEL,   BLUE,  Scutellaria  lateriflora 
— p.  Red,  Anagallis — p.  Scarlet,  Anagallis  arvcn- 
sis — p.  Water.  Veronica  beccabunga. 
PIMPILIM,  Piper  longuui. 
PIMPINEL,  (bipinella  ><r  bipennula,  from  the 
doable  pennate  orderof  it-  leaves, )  see  Pimpinella. 
Pimpivkl  Italian,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 
PIMPINELLA   ALBA,   P.  saxifraga  —  p.  An- 

folia,  Ligusticura  podagraria. 

Pimpim.i.'i.a     Am'sim,    Aniae    plant,    Aniaiim 

(Ph.  1  .  8.),  A.  ojjiciiia'll  sen  vulga'rl  Siaon  nni'- 

'  'pium  nni'aum,  Sola' men  intettino'rum,  Ane'- 

anm,  (P.)  Ania,  Boueagt  nnia.    Ord.  UmbellifersB. 

Pentandria    Digynia.      A   native   of 

Egypt.     The  seeds,  Ani'aum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Son' inn 


Ani'si,  An'iaeed,  (Old  Eng.)  Anet/a,  have  an  aro- 
matic odour ;    and    a   sweetish,    warm,    grateful 

taste.  They  are  carminative,  and  used  in  dyspep- 
sia and  in  tormina  of  infants.  Dose.  gr.  xv  to 
Xj,  bruised.  The  oil,— Oi.kim  Am'si,  (P.)  Hw'la 
d'auis — is  officinal.  DoM,  <;tt.  v  to  xv.  V, 
the  oil  used  in  this  country  under  the  nam.'  of 
Oil  of  Aniae  is  said  to  be  obtained  from  lllicium 
Aniiatum. 

Aqua  ani'si.  Anise  water,  (Ph.  D.)  is  made  by 
mixing  a  fluidounce  of  eaaence  of  aniae,  with  half 
a  gallon  (Imp.  meas.)  of  distil/,  d  water,  and  fil- 
tering through  paper. 

Pimpinki.i.a,  Greatbb,  T.  magna — p.  Ilircina, 
P.  Saxifraga  —  p.  Laterifolia,  Sion  ammi. 

Pimpinkl'i.a  Magna  sea  nigra  sen  major  sen 
rubra  j  Greater  Pimpinel'la  ;  Tragoseli'nnm  mag- 
num seu  tnajna,  Daueus,  Ci/an'opus,  (F.)  Boncage 
majenr.  The  root  has  been  extolled  as  diuretic 
and  resolvent,  as  well  as  in  erysipelatous  ulcera- 
tions, tinea  capitis,  rheumatism,  Ac. 

Pimpinella  Major,  P.  magna  —  p.  Nigra,  P. 
magna  —  p.  Nostras,  P.  saxifraga  —  p.  Officinalis, 
Sanguisorba  officinalis  —  p.  Rubra,  P.  magna. 

Pimpinella  Saxie'raga,  Sa.r' i/rage.  Burnet 
sax' 'if rage,  Pote'rium  sanguisor'ba,  Sorbastrel'la, 
Tragoseli'num,  T.  saxifraga,  Pimpinel'la  hirci'nn 
sen  umbellifera  seu  alba  seu  nostras,  (F.)  5o«- 
cage  tniucur,  Petit  B.,  Pimprenelle,  Rompt-pierre. 
The  root  has  an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot,  pun- 
gent, bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended 
as  a  stomachic;  and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  iu 
paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

Pimpinklla  Umbkllifera,  P.  saxifraga. 

PIMPLE.  Papula. 

PIMPLED,  Papulose. 

PIMPRENELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga—;). 
Noire,  Sanjruisorba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  pennum,  low  Latin:  or 
from  apina  \?],^Spina  fee' yea,  Spi'nufa,  Acus 
capita' ta,  (F. )  Epingle.  An  iron  or  brass  instru- 
ment, generally  of  a  small  size,  pointed  at  one 
extremity,  and  having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is 
used,  in  Surgery,  to  fix  rollers  and  dressings; 
and  occasionally  in  sutures. 

PIN  AND  WEB,  Caligo. 

PIN  A    PIGNON,  see  Pinus  picea. 

PINASTELLUM,  Peucedanum. 

PINASTER,  Pinus  svlvestris. 

PINBONE,  I.-chion. 

PINCE,  Forceps  —  p.  <l  Auncaux,  sec  Forceps 
— p.  a  Dissection,  sue-.  Forceps — p.  a  Ligature,  see 
Forceps — p.  Lithodraaeique,  see  Lithodrassic — -p, 
Panaement,  see  Forceps. 

PINCE.  Pinched. 

PIXCEE,  Pugillus. 

PINCERS,  Forceps. 

PINCETTE,  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  Contrjac'tu*,  Ketrae'trta,  (T.)  Pincf, 
Grippi.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  face,  when 
the  features  are  contracted  or  shrunken  :  as  in  vio- 
lent abdominal  affections   or  during  intense  pain. 

PINCKNEY'A  PUBENS,  P.  Pubes'cens, 
Georgia  Bark.  Hitter  Dark.  Florida  Bark.  Fcrer 
tree.  This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
cure  of  intermittent?,  and  successfully.  It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.     Dose  of  the  powder,  Zj. 

PINDARS,  Arachis  Elypogea. 

PINE  APPLE.  Bromelia  ananas  — p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  cembra — p  Ground,  Lycopodiutn 
complanatum — p.  Ground,  stinking,  Camphnros- 
ma  Monspeliaca —p.  Loblolly.  Pinus  t;eda  —  p. 
Mountain,  see  Pinus  mugboa  —  p.  Milgho,  see 
Pinus  mughos —  p.  Prince's,  Pyrola  urabellata— 
p.  Sap.  American,  Hypnpitys  lanuginosa  —  p. 
Stone,  Pinus  pinea  —  p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow  Root 
—  p.  Yellow,  Pinus  paJostris. 

PIXEA,  Pinus  pinea. 


PINEAL 


PINUS   MUGHOS 


PINE'AL,  Pinea'lis,  from  pinus,  'a  pine/ 
Tbat  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

Pineal  Gland,  Glandula  pinea'lis,  Cerebral 
epiph'ysis,  Gona'rium,  Cono'i'des  corpus,  Co>pus 
turbina' turn,  Penis  seu  Virgo,  seu  Turbo  cer'ebri, 
is  a  small  body,  of  a  conical  shape ;  pale  red  or 
grayish  colour;  and  soft  censistence;  situate  be- 
tween the  fornix  and  the  tubercula  quadrigemina. 
It  almost  always  contains  sabulous  particles, 
Sab'ulum  cona'rii,  Brain  Sand,  Pine'al  Sand. 
When  these  are  grouped  together  over  the  base 
of  the  gland,  they  form  the  Acer'vnlus  Cer'ebri 
of  Sommering,  Acer'vuli  seu  Lapil'li  glan'dulce 
pinea'lis.  From  its  anterior  parts  arise  two  me- 
dullary stria?,  which  proceed  over  the  posterior 
commissure;  coast  along  the  optic  thalami,  and 
unite  at  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix,  —  the 
Habe'ncR,  Haben'idce  or  reins  of  the  pineal  gland 
— Pedunculi  cona'rii,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Pineal 
Gland. 

The  uses  of  the  pineal  gland  are  unknown. 
Descartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul ! 

Pineal  Sand,  see  Pineal  gland. 

PINEI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINEOLI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINE  US  PURGANS,  Jatropba  curcas. 

PINEWEED,  Hypericum  sarothra. 

PINGUECULA,  Pterygium  pingue  seu  lar- 
da'ceum,  from  pinguis,  'fat,'  'fatty.'  A  small, 
whitish-yellow  tumour  in  the  sclerotic  conjunc- 
tiva and  subjacent  areolar  tissue,  close  to  the 
margin  of  the  cornea  on  its  nasal  or  temporal 
side ;  so  called  from  its  being  supposed,  but  erro- 
neously, to  be  of  a  fatty  nature. 

PINGUEDO,  Fat  — p.  Renalis,  Nephridion. 

PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  (pinguis,  'fat,') 
P.  afpi'na,  Sanic'ula  monta'na  seu  Eboracen'sis, 
Vi'ola  palus'tris,  Dodecath'eon  Plin'ii,  Butter- 
wort,  Yorkshire  San'icle.  Ord.  Lentibulaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  The  unctuosity 
of  this  plant  has  caused  it  be  applied  to  chaps, 
and  as  a  pomatum  to  the  hair.  Decoctions  of  the 
leaves,  in  broths,  are  used  by  the  common  people 
in  Wales  as  a  cathartic. 

PINGUID,  Fatty. 

PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty. 

PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

PINGUITUDO,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PINHOLE  PUPIL,  see  Pupil,  pinhole. 

PINHONES  INDICT,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINK.  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Pink  Dye.  Stripped  safflower,  gj,  subcarb.  of 
potass,  gr.  xviij,  spirit  of  wine,  gvij  ;  digest  for 
two  hours;  add  distilled  icater,  ,^ij;  digest  for 
two  hours  more,  and  add  distilled  vinegar  or 
lemon  juice  q.  s.,  to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour. 
Used  as  a  cosmetic. 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginica  —  p.  Indian, 
Spigelia  Marilandica  —  p.  Wild,  Silene  Virginica. 

PINKROOT,  Spigelia  marilandica  — p.  Deme- 
rara,  Spigelia  anthelmia. 

PINNA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear — p.  Marina, 
see  Bissus. 

PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GUTTURALIS, 
Uvula. 

PINN.E  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  — p. 
Naris.  see  Nasus. 

PINNULA,  Aileron. 

PINNULE  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver. 

PINO'LI  (S.).  A  preparation  used  for  subsist- 
ence on  long  journeys  in  the  West.  It  is  parched 
corn,  beaten  or  ground  very  tine,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  to  be  used  with  water,  and  drunk  on 
the  march.  It  is  the  cold  flour  of  the  Indians, 
and  early  Western  pioneers. 

PINONCILLO  TREE,  Castiliognia  lobata. 

PINSWEAL,  Furunculus. 

PINT,  Octarius. 


PINTA,  from  (S.)  pintar,  'to  paint.'  Blue 
stain :  a  disease,  which  is  said  to  prevail  in  Mex- 
ico, and  to  be  a  variety  of  Pityriasis  versicolor. 

PINUS  A'BIES.  P.  excel' sa  seu  pice' a,  A' hits, 

A.  rubra  seu  excelsa  seu  picea,  El' ate  thdei'a, 
Pice' a,  Norioay  Spr  ice  Fir,  Yew-leaved  Fir. 
Nat.  Ord.  Conifers.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Mona- 
delphia.  The  tops  are  used  in  making  Spruce 
Beer. 

Essence  of  Spruce,  Essen' tia  Abie'tis,  is  a  fluid 
extract,  prepared  by  decoction  from  the  twigs  of 
this  species  of  fir.  From  this  is  made  Spruce 
Beer. 

This  fir  affords  the  Burgundy  pitch  and  com- 
mon frankincense.  1.  Bur'gundy  or  White  pitch, 
Pix  Burgun'dica  seu  alba  seu  ar'ida  seu  abieti'na 
seu  abie'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Resi'na  abie'tis  hu'mldn, 

B.  alba  hvmida,  Pint  abie'tis  resina  sponte  con- 
cre'ta,  (F.)  Poix  blanche  ou  grasse  ou  jaune  ou 
de  Bourgogne.  This  prepared  concrete  juice  is 
of  a  close  consistence,  rather  soft,  of  a  reddish- 
brown  colour,  and  not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is 
very  adhesive  to  the  skin;  and,  consequently, 
forms  excellent  plasters  for  remaining  upon  the 
part  for  some  time  ;  —  as  in  cases  of  affections  of 
the  chest.  2.  Abie'tis  Resi'na  (Ph.  L.  since 
1809),  Common  Frankincense,  Perrosin,  Thus, 
Th.  fcemini'num  seu  vulga're,  Olib'anum  vulgare 
seu  sylves'tre,  Besina  abietis  sicca,  Resin  of  the 
Spruce  Fir.  It  is  solid,  dry,  brittle  ;  externally, 
brownish-yellow ;  internally,  whitish.  Used  in 
plasters  like  the  last. 

Pinus  Abies,  see  P.  picea  —  p.  Alba,  P.  picea. 

Pinus  Balsame'a.  A'bies  balsame'a  seu  bal- 
samif'era,  Peu'cea  balsame'a,  Balsam  fir.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Canada  Balsam,  Bahamian 
Canaden'se  seu  de  Can'ada,  Besina  strobili'na, 
Terebinth'ina  Canaden'sis  seu  Pint  balsame'a,  Ca- 
nada Turpentine  or  Balsam,  Balsam  of  Fir,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Canada,  is  one  of  the  purest  turpen- 
tines. It  has  the  common  properties  of  those 
substances. 

Pinus  Canaden'sis,  Abies  Canaden'sis,  Hem- 
lock, Hemlock  Spruce.  A  tree,  which  is  abundant 
in  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  more  northern 
parts  of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  ele- 
vated and  mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle 
States.  The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada 
Pitch,  Hemlock  Pitch  —  obtained  from  it  is  com- 
monly known  under  the  name  Hemlock  Gum. 

Pinus  Candicans,  P.  Picea. 

Pinus  Cembra,  P.  Jfonta'na,  Aphernous'li 
Pine.  It  yields  an  agreeably  scented  turpen- 
tine : — the  Carpathian  Balsam,  Bal'samum  Car- 
path'icum  seu  Lib'ani,  Carpath'icum,  Briancon 
Tur' pentine.  The  nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  Nu'clei  Cem- 
brcB,  have  an  eatable  kernel,  and  yield  oil.  The 
shoots  yield  Biga  Balsam  by  distillation. 

Pinus  Damar'ra,  Ag'athis  Damarra,  grows  in 
the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily  con- 
cretes into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Damarra  tur- 
pentine. 

Pinus  Excelsa,  P.  abies — p.  Gallica,  P.  picea. 

Pinus  Larix,  A'bies  larix,  Larix,  L.  commn'- 
vis  seu  decid'ua  seu  Europai'a  seu  pyramida'lis. 
The  Larch,  (F.)  Meleze.  From  this  tree  exudes 
Or' ember g  gum,  Bri'angon  manna,  Gummi  lar'icis 
seu  Oremburgen'se  seu  Uralen'se,  Manna  Brigan- 
ti'na  seu  larice'a.  It  also  yields,  by  boring,  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Resina  Lar'icis.  Terebin- 
thina  Ven'eta  seu  larici'na,  Pint  Lar'icis  resi'na 
liq'uida,  (F.)  Terebenthine  de  Venise  ou  de  Me- 
leze. It  is  usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts 
of  turpentine. 

Pinus  Mughos.  The  Mountain  or  Mugho  Pine, 
Pinus  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  exudes  the  Resi'na  Strobili'na,  of  the 
Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balsam.  It  is  also  ob- 
tained, by  expression,  from  the  cones.     By  dis- 


PINUS   PALLSTRIS 


10 


PIPEROl  I> 


filiation,  the  Hungarian  balsam  affords  the  Krum- 
,  Oleum   Templinum. 
Pihi  -  I'm. i  btris,  see  Pinus  BylveatrU. 
Pisi  s  Pice'a,  /'.  Abies,  A'biet,  A.  pie* 

a  Gal'lica  sen  alba  seu  cau'dicana 
tea  vulgaris  sea  taxi/o'lia,  European  Silver  Fir 
\  Si /,;  a  com  mini.  By  piercing 
the  tubercles  of  the  bark  of  this  fir,  the  Straeburg 
Tin pt  it'ii-  is  obtained:  —  the  Heai'na  Abie'tia 
(Ph.  L.  before  1809),  0/eum  Abietie,  Terebinth'! mi 

rati  n'sis. 

1'im  -  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 

Piwns    Pi'nea.   >V-,;ie   /'i'iic,  Ptnea,    Ptnu*,   /'. 

-   u    aati'va.     The    nuts,   Zirbel    nuts, 

\  Fi'necB,    Pinei,   Pine'oli,  (F.) 

y///  a*  pignnns,  are  eaten   raw,  or  preserved   like 

almonds.     They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pines  Pumilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos —  p.  Sativa, 
P.  pit 

PlNI  S    SYLVES'TRIS,    Pinaa'ter,    Pence,    Scotch 
lids    pine,  as   well    as   J',   marit'iti 
r),   and   other   species    of   Pinus,    affords 
v  pininou    turpentine   and    its    oil,   resin,  tar,  and 
I.    Common    Turpentine  of  Europe,  Tere- 
pinth'ina,  T.  vulga'ria  seu  commu'nia,  Retina  pint, 
Turpentine,    Bordeaux    Turpentine, 
■fbinthine  de  Bordeaux,  Tfrfbinthine  corn- 
lined  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot 
r.     It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a   dressing  for 
wounds,  Ac,  in  horses,  ami  for  the  distillation  of 
the   oil,  (see   Oleum   Terebinthime.)     The  white 
tine,  or  common  Turpentine  of  Amerita  — 
ith'ina,    Ph.    U.  S.  —  is    produced    chiefly 
from  /'inns  paluatria,    Yellow  pine,  and  /\  tceda, 
Loblolly  pine,  and  perhaps  from  other  species  in- 
habiting the    Southern   States.     "When   the  oil  is 
i  with  water,  yellow  resin,  or  Rosin,  (Re- 
Ph.  I".  S.) —  R-siita  flava — is  left,  which  is 
only   used    in    the    formation    of   ointments    and 
-.     If  without   the  addition  of  water,  the 
residuum     is     common     resin    or    Colophony.      2. 
When  the  cold  begins  to  check  the  exudation  of 
the  common  turpentine,  part  of  it  concretes  in 
the  wounds.     This  is  called,  in  France.  Gallipot, 
:   and    White    Rosin,   Reeina    alba,   when 
ed  after  long  exposure  to  the  air.    3.  When 
the  old   trees  are  subjected  to  distillation,  in  a 
manner,   Tar   is    obtained  —  Hygropiaaoa, 
Pix  ce'dria  seu  liq'uida,  Reai'na  pint  em- 
tat'ica    liq'uida,    Terebinth'ina    empyreu- 
'.  Alchitram,  Alchitu'ra,  Cedria,  (F.)  Gou- 
dron,   G.    vigitale,    Poix    liquide,    Brai    liquide, 
T-ir  water,  Aqua  Pice'a  seu  Picia,  Tnfu'aum  Picis 
liq'uida  seu  Picia  empyrenmatica  liquida,  Po'tio 
■    Goudron,  which   is  made  by 
5  two  pints  of  tar  with  a  gallon  of  water, 
stirring  with  a  wooden  rod  for  fifteen    minutes, 
rhen  the  tar  has  subsided,  straining  and 
keeping  in  well  stopped  bottles,  was,  at  one  Lime, 
enable  remedy  in   numerous   complaints, 
and   its  use   has  been  revived,  since  its  virtues 
have  been  presumed  to  be  owing  to  creasote.     It 
is  employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections,  and 
■  .ur  ha-   been   recommended   in   phthisis 
of  the  lungs.     It  is  use  I  ex- 
ternally as  a  detergent.     A   wine  or  beer  of  tar, 
.  ha-  been  employed   in   Phila- 
l   in   similar   cases.     It   may   be  made   by 
_-  to  tar  enough  beer  to  saturate  it.  mixing, 
nod  allowing  them  to  macerate  tor  three  days, 
with  occasional  agitation.     The  dose  is  a  table- 
spoonful.     4.   Common   Pitch,   Fir    nigra,   Black 

Ultra,,!,     F.'irni,,,     St,,„r     Pitch,     Fii 

F.   n'ru.    F.   nava'lia,    Zopiaaa,    Palimpie'ta,    F. 
Ph.  I.,  before  18  ,  namale,  P. 

is  obtained  by  inspissating  tar.     It  is  used 
ilvent  in  plasters. 

1Vs;  P.  -ylvestris  — p.  Taxifolia, 


i — p.  Uberrima,  Pinus  pinea — p.  Vulga- 
ris, l'.  ' 

PIOA  /'.  Pseonia. 

PIONY,  Pseonia. 

PIOB  rHOPNCE  \.  Pimclorthopi 

PIOULQUi    -  i  kind  of  sucking-pump, 

invented  by  Louis,  for  extracting  water  that  had 
entered  internal  cavities,  in  cases  of  drowning. 
A  useless  instrument. 

PIP.  Syphilis. 

PIPE-PLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora, 

PIPER,  wttrept,  see  Piper  nigrum. 

Piper  Album,  Leucop'iper,  Whit,  F,j,j„r,  \< 
black  pepper  freed  from  its  cutiole. 

iill'KK  Anci'stikoi  ii  \i.  .Matieo  —  p.  Aromati- 
euin.  P. nigrum — p.  Betel,  Betel — p.  Brazilian um, 
Capsicum  annuum  —  p.  Calecuticum,  Capsicum 
annuum. 

Piper  Capen'se,  a  South  African  species,  has 
all  the  properties  of  the  peppers,  and,  in  appear- 
ance and  taste,  greatly  resembles  cubebs.   It  pos- 
-.  too,  similar  virtues. 

Piper  Caryophyllathm,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— p.  Caudatuin,  P.  cubeba — p.  Chiapie,  see  Myr- 
tus pimenta. 

Piper  Cubeb'a,  Persc'a  seu  Laurus  cubeba, 
Lit8cBd  cubeba  Beu  piperi'ta.  Ord.  Piperaceae. 
A  native  of  Java  and  Guinea.  The  odour  of 
these  berries  —  Cubeba  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Com'peper, 
Compeba,  Cabal  st'tit,  Piper  cauda'tum,  Baccat 
J'ijirris  glabri,  Cnbcb  or  Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'- 
mux,  (F.)  Poivre-ii-quene,  Quabebe — is  aromatic; 
taste  at  first  cooling,  afterwards  pungent.  The 
active  principle  is  an  essential  oil  —  Oleum  <'ul>c- 
bep,  oil  of  cubebs — which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  The  properties  of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant 
and  purgative.  It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea, 
Dose,  from  ^j  to  5J'  *n  pt>W(ler,  three  or  four 
times  a  day;  of  the  volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drops. 

'  Turkey  yellow  berries,' — the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Rhamnue  Cutharticus  —  are  often  substituted  for 
cubebs. 

Piper  Elongate,  Matieo. 

Piper  (.Jeixeense,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  His- 
panicum,  Capsicum  —  p.  Indicum,  Capsicum  an- 
nuum—  p.  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Lonouv,  Macrop'iper,  Aeapat'li,  Catu- 
trip'ali,  Pim'pilim,  Chav'ica  Roxburgh  ii.  Long 
Pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  lung.  As  we  receive  the 
berries,  they  consist  of  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in 
the  sun  ;  and  are  small,  round  grains,  disposed 
spindly  on  a  cylindrical  receptacle.  They  are 
stimulant,  carminative,  and  tonic,  like  the  other 
peppers.     Dose.  gr.  v  to  ^j. 

Pipes  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum  —  p. 
Morale,  Sedum. 

Piper  MsTHISTICUir,  see  Ava. 

Piper  Niqrdh,  MeUmop'iper,  Molagoco'di, 
I. oil<i,  Piper  aromat'ieum,  Black  Pepper,  (F.) 
Poivre  noir.  Black  pepper,  Piper  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
is  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  sun.  1 
same  as  those  of  the  other  peppers,  When  freed 
from  its  husk  by  mechanical  trituration  it  consti- 
tutes Fulton' e  decorticated  pepper. 

Piper  Odoratcm  Jamaicensb,  Bee  Myrtus 
pimenta — p.  Tabascum,  see  Bfyrtus  pimenta — p. 
Turoicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

PIPBRI'NA,  Fiji' •/  i' mini,   P  Piperin, 

from  piper,  'pepper.'     A  resinoid  substance,  ob- 
tained from  the  piper  nigrum  by  M.  (Erst'ddt,  in 
which  a  pari  of  the  virtues  of  the  pepper  i 
It  has  been  employed,  like  the  quinia,  in  inter- 
mittent-:, and  successfully. 

PIP'EROID,  Piperoi'dian,  Zingib'erin,  from 
piper,  'pepper/  and  uies,  'resemblance.'  A  y>\- 
low  syrupj  mass  obtained  by  exhausting  <z\t\<:<t 
root  by  ether.  It  is  soluble  in  ether,  alcohol,  and 
oils,  and  may  be  given  in  tincture,  BUgar,  lo/.cnge, 
or  syrup,  in  casc-s  where  ginger  is  indicated. 


PITEROPASTUS 


20 


PITCH 


PIPEROPAS'TUS,  from  ircnepi,  'pepper,'  and  ! 
iraatrciv,  '  to  strew.'    Strewed  with  pepper, — socks, 
for  example,  where  it  is  desirable  to  excite  the 
surface  of  the  feet. 

PIPETTE.  'A  small  pipe.'  In  Pharmacy,  a 
small  tube  terminating  in  a  perforated  point, 
which  is  passed  into  a  liquid  to  be  removed  — 
from  the  surface  of  a  precipitate,  for  example. 
The  liquid  is  drawn  into  the  tube  by  applying 
the  mouth  to  the  free  extremity. 

PIPIN'NA,  Men'tula  parva.     A  small  penis. 
PIPPERIDGE  BUSH,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 
PIPSISSEWA,  Pyrola  umbellata— p.  Spotted, 
Pyrola  maculata  —  p.  White,  Pyrola  maculata. 
PIPTONYCHIA,  Onychoptosis. 
PIPTOSTEGIA  OPERCULATA,  see  Batata 
de  purga  —  p.  Pisonis,  Convolvulus  mechoacan. 
PIQUE TE,  see  Sable. 
PIQURE,  Puncture,  Wound,  punctured. 
PIRTLING,  Slavering. 
PIRUS.  see  Pyrus  malus. 

PISA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pisa  has  long  been 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  favourable  climates 
in  Italy  for  the  consumptive.  It  is  genial,  but 
somewhat  oppressive  and  damp.  It  is  softer  than 
that  of  Nice,  but  not  so  warm  j  less  soft,  but  less 
oppressive  than  that  of  Rome. 

PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  spring  at  Monte  Secco,  in  Italy,  between  Lake 
Agnano  and  Solfatara.  It  is  thermal  (100°  Fahr.), 
sulphureous,  and  carbonated;  and  is  chiefly  used 
in  old  ulcers,  leucorrhcea,  chronic  diarrhoea,  and 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

PISCID'IA  ERYTHRI'NA,  Jamaica  Dog. 
wood.  Ovd.  Leguminosa?.  A  small  branching 
tree,  common  in  most  of  the  West  India  Islands  ; 
Diadelphia  Decandria  of  Linnaeus.  It  is  used  in 
the  West  Indies  to  poison  fish.  It  appears  to  be 
an  acro-narcotic,  and  has  been  used  in  the  form 
of  a  tincture  of  the  bark  of  the  root  in  toothache. 
PISCINA,  Baignoire. 

PISCIVOROUS,  Pisciv'orus,  Jchthyoph'  agons, 
Jchthyoph' agus,  from  piscis,  'a  fish,'  and  voro,  'I 
eat.'     Feeding  or  subsisting  on  fish. 

PIS'IFORM,  Pisiform' is,  from  pi  sum,  'a  pea,' 
and  forma,  'shape.'     Pealike,  pea-shaped. 

Pisiform'e,  Os,  Os  lenticula're  seu  orbicula're 
seu  extra  or'dinem  carpi,  (F.)  Os  hors  du  rang, 
is  the  fourth  bone  of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus. 
It  is  round,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  tendon 
of  the  cubitalis  anterior,  and  to  the  anterior  trans- 
verse ligament  of  the  carpus.     It  is  articulated, 
behind,  with  the  os  cuneiforme. 
PISO,  Mortar. 
PISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PISSASPHAL'TUS,  Pissasphal'tum,  Mineral 
Pitch,   from   moaa,  'pitch,'  and  aaQaXros,   'bitu- 
men.'    (F.)  Poix  minerale.     A  thicker  kind  of 
Petroleum  or  Rock  oil;  formerly  employed  as  a 
vulnerary.      It    is    synonymous    with    Glu'tinous 
bitu'men,  Malta  bitu'men,  and  Mineral  tar. 

PISSELiE'UM,  Oleum  Pic"inum,  from  vivaa, 
'pitch,'  and  tXaiov,  'oil.'  An  oily  matter  ob- 
tained from  boiling  pitch,  and  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  tar. 

Pissel^eum  Inpicttm,  Petroleum. 
PISS  EM  EN  T  BE  PUS,  Pyuria— p.  de  Sang, 
Hematuria. 

PISSEXLFT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
PISSE-SANG,  Fuinari?.. 

PISSE'ROS,  from  inaaa,  'pitch.'  Ancient 
name  of  a  cerate,  prepared  of  olive  oil,  oil  of 
roses,  and  dried  pitch.  It  was,  also,  called  Cera'- 
tum  pica'lum,  and  C.  tetraphar'macum.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

PISSI'TES,  Vinum  pica' turn.     Same  etymon. 


A  wine  prepared  from  tar  and  the  must  of  the 
grape.     It  was  regarded  to  be  stomachic. 

PISSOSIS,  Malacia. 

PISSWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 

PISTACHIO  NUTS,  see  Arachis  hypogea, 
Pistacia  vera. 

PISTACIA  CHIA,  P.  lentiscus. 

Pista'cia  Lentis'cus,  P.  Chia,  Terebin'thns 
lentiscus,  Lentiscus  vulga'ris;  the  Mastich  Tree. 
Ord.  Terebinthaceoe.  The  wood  of  this  tree 
abounds  with  the  resinous  principles  of  mastich  ; 
and  a  tincture  made  from  it  has  been  used  in  the 
cure  of  dyspeptic  affections,  gout,  and  dysentery. 
It  yields,  by  incision,  the  resin  Mastich,  Rtvi'uu 
Lentis'cina,  Men'frige,  Mos'tiche,  Mastix,  Pista- 
ci'gb  Lentis'ci  Resi'na.  This  resin  has  an  agreea- 
ble smell  when  heated:  is  almost  insipid;  in 
globular,  irregular,  yellowish,  semi-transparent 
masses;  soluble  in  ether;  partially  so  in  alcohol. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in  old  coughs, 
and  gleet,  and  is  chewed  to  sweeten  the  breath. 
It  is  sometimes,  also,  employed  to  stop  holes  in 
carious  teeth. 

Oil  of  Mastich,  3Iastichela>,'on,  Oleum  Mastich'- 
inum,  is  mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

Pistacia  Narbonexsis,  P.  lentiscus  —  p.  Reti- 
culata, P.  lentiscus. 

Pistacia  Tkrebin'thus,  P.  Xarbonen'sis  seu 
reticulata  seu  vera,  Turpentine  Tree,  Hab-el-Ka- 
limbat,  Terebinthus  vulga'ris,  Terminthos.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Cyprus  Turpentine,  Resi'- 
na Terebin'thi,  Terebinth' ina  vera  seu  Chia  seu 
C'/p'ria,  (F.)  Terebinthine  de  Chio.  This  sub- 
stance is  classed  amongst  the  resins.  It  is  pro- 
cured by  wounding  the  bark  of  the  trunk.  The 
best  Chio  turpentine  is  of  about  the  consistence 
of  honey;  very  tenacious,  clear,  and  almost 
transparent;  of  a  white  colour  inclining  to  yel- 
low, and  of  a  fragrant  smell ;  moderately  warm 
to  the  taste,  but  free  from  acrimony  and  bitter- 
ness. It  resembles  in  virtues  the  other  turpen- 
tines. 

Pistacia  Vera,  TriaraKia.  Name  of  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Nux  Pistacia.  Pista'chio  nuts 
have  a  sweetish,  unctuous  taste,  resembling  that 
of  sweet  almonds.  Like  these,  they  afford  an  oil, 
and  may  be  formed  into  an  emulsion. 

PISTILLUM,  Pilum. 

PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristolochia  pistolochia. 

PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS,  Bistouri. 

PISUM,  nioov,  P.  sati'vum,  Pea.  Garden  pea, 
(F.)  Pois,  P.  cuhive.  The  seeds  of  the  pea.  Ord. 
Leguminosae,  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria, 
are  much  employed  as  an  aliment,  both  in  the 
fresh  and  dried  state.  They  are  farinaceous,  and, 
when  dried,  not  easy  of  digestion. 

PIT,  Pock  mark  —  p.  of  the  Stomach,  Fossette 
du  coeur. 

PITAY'A  BARK.  This  bark  of  Cincho'na 
pitay'a,  Ord.  Cinchonaeeae,  is  preferred  in  Co- 
lombia to  any  other.  It  contains  a  new  vege- 
table alkali,  to  which  the  name  Pitayine  has 
been  eiven. 

PITAYINE.  see  Pitava  bark. 

PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  saline  springs,  at  Pitcaithley,  about  four 
miles  from  Perth,  Scotland,  contain  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

PITCH,  Colophonia  —  p.  Black,  see  Pinus  syi- 
vestris  —  p.  Burgundy,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  Ca- 
nada, see  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Pitch  Cap,  see  Depilatory. 

Pitch,  Common,  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Hemlock, 
see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum — p. 
Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

Pitch  Plaster,  see  Depilatory,  Emplastrum 
picis. 

Pitch,  Stone,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p.  White, 
see  Pinus  abies. 


PITIIYRIASI3 


21 


TLACENTULA 


PTTIIYKT  VSIS.  Pityriasis. 
PITHYRIN  IS,  Acerosus,  Furfuraceons. 
PITTA'CIUM.     A  pitch  plaster,  from   tnrra, 

'pitch.' 

PITTING,  Pock  mark. 

PITTOSIS,  Malaria. 

PI  I'TO'TA.  Medicines  in  which  pitch  is  the 
chief  ingredient. 

PITTSBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
sjhalybeate  mineral  spring,  sitaate  about  four 
mile-  south-west  of  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania. 
It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, oxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  car- 
bonic aei  1. 

PITUITA,  Mucus,  Phlegm— p.  Narium,  Nasal 
paous. 

PITU'ITARY,    Pitnita'ritu,    (F.)     Pituitaire, 
from  pituita,  'phlegm.'      Concerned  in  the  secre- 
mucus  or  phlegm.     A  name  given  to  se ve- 
rts. 

Pituitary  Bodv,  P.  Gland  —  p.  Fossa,  Sella 
•  . 

Pin'iTvnv  Gland,  Glan'dula  Pituito'sa  seu 
mituita'ria  seu  basila'ris,  La  en' tin  seu  Appendie'- 
Jebri,  Senti'na,  Hypoph'ysis  sen  Appendix 
cer'ebri,  Corpus  pituita're,  Pituitary  body;  — 
App  idict  sus-ephinoidale  du  cervenn,  (Ch.)  A 
small,  round  body  ;  the  anterior  portion  of  which 
is  of  a  cineritious  yellow  hue,  and  the  posterior, 
which  is  smaller,  is  whitish  and  pulpy.  Its  func- 
tions are  unknown. 

Pituitary  Membrane,  Schtieide'rian  3fem- 
bram.  Membra'nn  pituita'ria  seu  olfacto'ria. 
The  mucous  membrane  which  lines  the  nasal 
and  extends  to  the  different  cavities  com- 
municating with  the  nose.  In  the  nasal  fossae, 
the  membrane  appears  formed  of  two  layers,  in- 
timately united;  —  the  one  in  contact  with  the 
bone  i<  fibrous  : — the  other  is  free  at  one  surface. 
The  latter  is  a  mucous  membrane,  on  which  pa- 
pilla; are  not  easily  distinguishable,  but  which 
contains  them,  as  well  as  a  number  of  very  small 
mucous  follicles,  that  open  into  the  cavity  of  the 
nares.  On  penetrating  the  maxillary,  frontal, 
sphenoidal,  and  ethmoidal  sinuses,  the  membrane 
becomes  very  thin,  transparent,  less  vascular, 
and  seems  reduced  to  its  mucous  layer.  The 
pituitary  membrane  receives  the  impression  of 
odours,  by  means  of  the  expansion  of  the  olfac- 
tory nerves  upon  it.     It  is  the  seat  of  smell. 

PITUITE,  Mucus. 

PITU'ITOUS,  Pituito'sua;  from  pituita,  'mu- 
cus or  phlegm.'  Consisting  of,  or  resembling,  or 
full  of  mucus  or  phlegm. 

PITYRI'ASIS,  from  mrvpov,  'bran;'  Lepido'- 
sis  Pityriasis,  Pityris'ma,  Pithy ri'asis,  Herpes 
furfura'ceus  seu  farino'sus,  Porri'go  (of  some), 
/'iir/nra'cea  seu  porrigino'sa,  Furfnra'tio, 
Wwrfuris'cn,  Dandriff,  Dnndruff,  (Sc.)  Luss, 
(Prow)  Room,  Rnmmet,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre,  D. 
/urfuracSe  volante ; — a  very  superficial  affection: 
characteri/.i-d  by  irregular  patches  of  thin  scales, 
which  repeatedly  exfoliate  and  recur;  but  which 
never  form  crusts,  or  are  accompanied  with  exco- 
riations. It  is  not  contagious.  It  occurs  under 
three  or  four  varieties  of  form. 

Pityriasis,  Porrigo  —  p.  Nigra,  Melasma — p. 

'lor,  Chloasma. 
PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis. 
PITYROIDES,  Furfuraceus. 

PITYKOX,  Furfur. 
PIVOINE,  Pmonia. 

PIVOTING.     In    dentistry,   an   operation, 

which  consists  in  fastening  in  a  new  crown  upon 

the  root  of  a  tooth  by  means  of  a  piece  of  gold 

called  '  a  pivot.' 

PIX.  Sperm  —  p.  Abietina,  see  Pinus  abies  — 

p.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies  — p.  Alba,  see  Pinus 

abies  —  p.  Arida,  see  Pinus  abies,  and  Pinus  syl- 

46 


vestris — p.  Atra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Brutift, 
Brutia  —  p.  Burgundiea,  lee  Pinus  abies 
uadensis,  aee  Pinus  Canadensis — p. 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  p.  Grseoa,  Oolophonia  — p.  Li- 

quida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Xavalis,  see  Pin  US 
sylvestris  —  p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p. 
Bioca,  aee  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PLACE'BO,  'I  will  please,'  from  plaeeo.  A 
medicine,  prescribed  rather  to  satisfy  the  patient 
than  with  any  exportation  of  its  effecting  a  cure. 

PLACEN'TA,    **««•«(,   ir\tiKuvvTos.     A    Latin 

word,  signifying  a  Cake.  /'.  uteri  sen  uteri' mt 
seu  uteri  car' nen,  ffepar  Bun  Jeeur  uteri' num,  Carn 
Tu'eio  orbicularis,  Maza.  A  soft,  spongy, 
vascular  body,  adherent  to  the  uterus,  and  eon- 
vith  the  foetus  by  the  umbilical  <•  >rd.  It 
is  not  in  existence  during  the  first  period  of  the 
embryo  state,  but  its  formation  commences  per- 
haps with  the  arrival  of  the  embryo  in  the  uterus. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  have  two  portion h, 
one  fatal,  and  the  other  maternal.  The  foetal 
consists  of  highly  vascular  villi  and  tufts,  which 
contain  the  inosculating  loops  of  the  umbilical 
arteries  and  umbilical  vein  of  the  foetus.  The 
maternal  portion  is  considered  by  Dr.  Reid  to  con- 
sist, essentially,  of  a  large  sac  formed  by  the 
inner  coat  of  the  vascular  system  of  the  mother. 
into  which  the  maternal  blood  is  poured  by  the 
curling  arteries  of  the  uterus,  and  from  which  it 
is  returned  by  the  utero-placental  veins.  Thj 
tufts  and  villi  of  the  foetal  placenta  are  ensheathe  I 
by  this  inner  coat  of  the  maternal  vascular  sys- 
tem;  and,  according  to  Prof.  Goodsir,  two  dis- 
tinct sets  of  nucleated  cells  —  one  maternal  and 
the  other  foetal — separate  the  maternal  and  foetal 
portions  where  they  come  in  contact,  one  set  of 
which  are  probably,  he  thinks,  concerned  in  the 
separation  of  nutritive  matter  from  the  maternal 
blood,  and  the  other  destined  to  convey  it  into 
the  vessels  of  the  foetus.  The  placenta  is  formed 
;  of  several  lobes  or  cotyledons,  which  can  be  read- 
ily distinguished  from  each  other  on  the  uterine 
I  surface;  but  towards  the  foetal  surface  are  con- 
founded into  one  mass.  It  is  composed  of  the 
umbilical  vessels,  areolar  tissue,  and  whitish,  re- 
sisting filaments,  which  are  vascular  ramifications 
obliterated.  Lymphatic  vessels  have  also  been 
presumed  to  exist  in  it;  and  nerves  have  been 
traced,  proceeding  from  the  great  sympathetic  of 
the  foetus. 

The  main  function  of  the  placenta  appears  to 
be  like  that  of  the  lungs  in  the  adult.  It  admits 
of  the  blood  of  the  foetus  being  ahoton  to  that  of 
the  mother,  and  undergoing  requisite  changes. 
It  may,  also,  be  an  organ  for  nutritive  absorp- 
tion, as  observed  above. 

Animals,  which  have  no  placenta — as  the  Mar- 
supialia — are  called  implacentdl  and  nonplacental. 

Placen'ta  CniToitis,  see  Blood  —  p.  Febrilis, 
Ague  cake  —  p.  Oblata,  P.  praevia —  p.  Obvia,  P. 
praevia. 

Placenta  Previa,  (from  prce,  'before,'  and 
via,  'way,')  P.  ob'via  sen  obla'ta.  Presentation 
of  the  placenta;  a  condition  which  gives  rise  to 
unavoidable  hemorrhage  from  the  uterus.  The 
safety  of  the  female  depends  upon  speedy  de- 
livery. 

Placenta  S  a  verms,  see  Blood  —  p.  Uteri 
Suceenturiata.  Deeidua. 

PLACEN'TAL,  Placenta'lit,  (F.)  Placentaire. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  the  placenta.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  placenta, — as  'a  placental  mammal.' 

PLACENTITIS,  Placounti'tis,  PlncoVtie,  In- 
flamma'tio  placen'ta.  A  hybrid  word  — from 
placenta,  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  placenta. 

PLACEN'TULA,' a  little  cake,'  diminutive  of 
placenta,  'a  cake.'  A  rudimental  placenta.  Tho 
placenta  of  an  abortion. 


PLACOITIS 


PLANTAIN  DES  ALPES 


PLACOITIS,  Placentitis. 

PLACOUNTITIS,  Placentitis. 

PLADAROMA,  Pladarosis. 

P  L  A  D  A  R  0  '  S  I S,  Pladaro'ma,  Pladar'otes, 
from  ir\a8apos,  '  soft.'  A  soft  tumour  on  the  eye- 
lid, unaccompanied  with  redness  or  pain.  Tra- 
choma. 

PLADAROTES,  Pladarosis. 

PL  A  FOND  DES  VENTRICULES  DU 
GERVEAU,  Corpus  callosum. 

PLAGA,  Ictus,  Wound. 

PLAGIOBOL'IA,  Planobol'la,  from  nlayios, 
'  to  one  side,'  and  f3a\\etv,  '  to  throw.'  Imperfect 
emission  of  sperm  into  the  vagina.  Emission  to 
one  side ;  sometimes  practised  to  render  impreg- 
nation less  probable. 

PLAGUE,  from  T:\riyn,  plag  a,  'a  stroke.'  Pea- 
tin.  P.  orienta'lis  seu  bubona'ria  oriental™  seu 
inguina'ria  seu  contagiosa  seu  acutiss'ima  seu 
aep'tica  seu  glandulo'sa  seu  ade'no-septica  seu 
iiigninaria,  Pestil'itas,  Ephem'era  pestilentia'lis, 
E.  mortif 'era,  Lues  inguina'ria,  Glades  gland  u- 
la'ria,  Phthora,  Pestilen'tia,  Lues,  Loimos,  Febris 
ade'no-nervo'sa,  Loemos,  Laime,  Lce'mia,  Loemop'- 
yra,  Ghaosda,  Anthra'cia  Pestis,  Anthracotyphus, 
Febris  pes'tilens,  Syn'ochus  pestilentia'lis,  Typhus 
pestis  seu  pestilentia'lis  seu  gravis' simus  seu  an- 
thra'cicus  seu  bnbon'icus,  Exanthe'ma  pestis,  the 
Pest,  Levant  plague,  Septic  or  glan'dular  pes'ti- 
lence,  The  sickness,  (F.)  Peste,  Typhus  d' Orient, 
Fievre  du  Levant,  F.  adeno-nerveuse.  An  emi- 
nently malignant  disease;  endemic  in  the  Le- 
vant; frequently  epidemic,  and  destroying  at 
least  two-thirds  of  those  it  attacks.  It  is  a  fever 
of  the  most  aggravated  kind,  with  affection  of 
the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  groins  or  axillae,  and 
carbuncles.  Its  miasmata — it  has  been  conceived 
— adhere  to  different  organic  textures,  to  woollen 
goods,  clothing  and  furniture ;  and  may  thus  be 
transported  to  a  considerable  distance ;  but  this 
is  not  certain.  The  mean  duration  of  the  disease 
is  six  or  seven  days;  some  die  in  twenty-four 
hours,  others  not  till  ten  or  twelve  days.  Patho- 
logical anatomy  has  afforded  little  light  with  re- 
spect to  it.  Various  means  have  been  used  for 
arresting  it,  but  none  have  seemed  to  be  pre-emi- 
nently distinguished.  The  great  point  is,  to 
watch  the  indications  as  they  develop  themselves ; 
and  to  treat  the  case,  in  general,  like  one  of 
typhus  gravior.  It  is  universally  agreed  that  the 
suppuration  of  the  buboes  should  be  aided  as  far 
as  practicable.  For  preventing  the  importation 
and  spread  of  the  plague,  the  Quar'antine  Laws 
have  been  instituted ;  and  when  the  disease  has 
actually  appeared,  a  cordon  sanitaire  has  been 
drawn  round  the  infected  district,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent all  communication. 

Plague  op  Antoni'nus,  Pestis  Antoninia'na, 
(F.)  Peste  Antonine.  A  severe  febrile  disease, 
which  prevailed  in  the  Roman  empire,  during  the 
reign  of  Antoninus.  It  began  in  Asia,  and  passed 
westward.     It  resembled  the  Plague  of  Athens. 

Plague  op  Athens,  (F.)  Peste  d'Athenes.  A 
febrile  disease,  which  raged  at  Athens  during  the 
Peloponnesian  war,  in  the  5th  century  before  the 
Christian  era;  and  a  description  of  which  is  given 
in  Thucydides.  It  was  characterized  by  a  cuta- 
neous eruption,  accompanied  by  small  ulcerations, 
vomiting,  affection  of  the  respiratory  organs,  and 
diarrhoea.  It  began  in  the  far  East,  and,  before 
reaching  Athens,  ravaged  Egypt,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  Persian  Empire. 
Plague,  Black,  Death,  black. 
Plague,  Cold.  A  severe  form  of  congestive 
fever,  seen  in  the  Southern  States.  Bilious  pneu- 
monia, in  which  there  is  no  reaction,  has  been, 
also,  so  called. 

Plague  Mark,  Plague  token. 

Plague,   Pali.     A   malignant  fever,   greatly 


j  resembling  Plague,  which  prevailed  in  Rajpoo- 
tana  after  July,  1836. 

Plague  Spot,  Plague  token. 

Plague  Token,  Plague  mark.  Plague  spot. 
A  mark  by  which  one  struck  with  the  plague  was 
,  known.  Perhaps  the  early  stage  of  carbuncle  in 
unfavourable  cases.  It  is  described  as  a  small 
tubercle  —  Bossa  —  somewhat  resembling  a  w;irt, 
callous  and  more  or  less  deficient  in  sensibility, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that 
I  of  a  bean. 

PLAGULA,  Compress,  Pledget,  Splint. 

PLAIE,  Wound — p.   d'Arme  d  feu,  Wound, 

gunshot  —  p.  d'Arquebusade,  Wound,  gunshot  — 

p.    Contuse,    Wound,    contused — p.    Envenimee, 

\\  Wound,  poisoned  — p.  par  Arrachement,  Wound, 

lacerated — p.  d  Lambeaux,  see  Flap. 

PLAINTIVE,  Luctueux. 

PLANANTHUS  FASTIGATUS,  Lycopodium 
selago  —  p.  Selago,  Lvcopodium  selago. 

PLANARIA  LATIUSCULA,  Distoma  hepa- 
ticum. 

PLAN  CHER  (F.),  'floor.'  In  anatomy,  the 
inferior  wall  or  boundary  of  a  cavity. 

PLANCHER  DU  GERVEAU,  Tentorium. 

PLANCUS,  Leiopus. 

PLANE,  Plexus. 

Plane,  Mesial,  see  Mesial. 

PLANET-STRUCK,  see  Sideratio. 

PLANE'TES,  Plane'ticus,  Plan'icus,  Erra- 
bun'dus,  Errat'ic,  from  7rXav;7,  'a  wandering 
about.'  An  epithet  given  to  diseases,  whose  re- 
turns are  irregular  —  especially  to  intermittent 
fever;  Planetes  Febris,  F.  Errat'ica,  F.  Erro'nea, 
F.  Vaga. 

PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  wander- 
ing. 

PLANICUS,  Planetes. 

PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes. 

PLANITIES  PEDIS,  Sole. 

PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia. 

PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina  — p. 
Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Prima  pedis,  Tarsus. 

PLANTA'GO,  P.  3Iajor,  Gentiner'via,  Arno- 
glos'sum,  Septiner'via,  Polyneu'ron,  Heptapleu'- 
ron,  Planta'go  latifo'lia  seu  major  seu  vulga'ris, 
Great  ptlantain,  Waybread,  (Sc.)  Wabran  leaves, 
(F.)  Plantain  commun.  Ord.  Plantaginaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves 
have  been  said  to  be  refrigerant,  attenuant,  sub- 
styptic,  and  diuretic. 

Plantago  Aquatica,  Alisma  plantago. 

PLANTAGO  Corda'ta,  Heart  leaved  plantain,  P. 
Lanceola'ta,  Ribgrass,  and  P.  Virgin'ica,  White 
plantain,  or  Ribwort,  indigenous;  have  proper- 
ties like  Plantago  major. 

Plantago  Coron'opus,  Goronopo'dium,  Gomu 
cervi'num,  Stella  terra?,  Plantago,  Buckshom 
Plantain.     Properties  like  the  last. 

Plantago  Nitida,  P.  psyllium. 

Plantago  Psyl'iium,  P.  nit'ida,  Psyl'lium,  P. 
erec'tum,  Pulica'ris  herba,  Crystal'lion,  Cyno- 
moi'a,  Branching  Plantain,  Fleaicort,  (F.)  Herbe 
aux  puces  commune.  The  seeds  have  a  nauseous, 
mucilaginous  taste,  and  no  remarkable  smell. 
The  decoction  of  the  seeds  is  recommended  in 
hoarseness  and  roughness  of  the  fauces. 

Plantago  Vulgaris,  Plantago. 

PLANTAIN  DES  ALPES,  Arnica  montana— 
p.  Branching,  Plantago  psyllium — p.  Buckshom, 
Plantago  coronopus — p.  Commun,  Plantago — p. 
d'Eau,  Alisma  plantago  —  p.  Great,  Plantago 
major — p.  Heart  leaved,  Plantago  cordata. 

Plantain  Meal,  see  Musa  paradisiaca. 

Plantain,  Rattlesnake,  Goodyera  pubescens 
— p.  Robin's,  Erigeron  bellidifolium. 

Plantain  Tree.  Musa  paradisiaca. 

Plantain,  Water,  Alisma  plantago,  Unisema 
deltifolia  —  p.  White,  Plantago  Virginica. 


PLAXTAIRE 


V  L  A  S  T  E  R 


P  I  A  X  TA  1 11  E,  Plantar  muscle  —p.  Grile, 
Plantar  muscle. 

PLANTAR,   Planta'rit,  (F.)    Plantains,  from 
.   'the  sole  of  the  foot.'     That  which    re- 
i  the  sole   of  the   foot.     This 
ral  parts. 
Plantah  Aponeurosis,  P.  faa'eia.     A  thick, 
Ling   aponeurosis;    of   a    triangular 
and   superficially  situate,  which  occupies 
the  middle  and  Bidea  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and 
furnishes  insertions  to  several  of  the  muscles  of 
gion,  either  directly  or  through  the  medium 
of  septa,  which  it  sends  between  them. 
Pi  lntar  Arch,  Bee  Plantar  arteries. 
Plantar  Arteries.     These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  arise  from  the  extremity  of  the  posterior 
tibial  artery.     They  are  distinguished  into  : — The 
internal  plantar  artery,  situate  above  the  abduc- 
llicis  pedis.     It  extends  from  the  termina- 
te posterior  tibial  to  the  trunk  of  one  of 
the  collaterals  of  that  toe. — The  external  plantar 
artery  is  larger  than  the  preceding,  and  ought  to 
be  considered  as  the  termination  of  the  posterior 
tibial.     Situate    above   the   flexor  communis    di- 
gitorum  pedis,  it  extends  from  beneath  the  calca- 
neum  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  last  meta- 
tarsal space.     When  it  has  reached  this  part,  it 
turns  from  without  inwards  :   advances  towards 
the    posterior  extremity  of  the   first   metatarsal 
hone,    and    anastomoses    with    the    perforating 
branch  of  the  dortalia  tarsi.     In  the  first  part  of 
irse,  it  furnishes  calcaneal,  articular,  mus- 
cular, and  adipous  branches.     The   second  por- 
[  the  artery  is  called  the  Plantar  Arch  or 
It  gives  branches  in  all  directions.     The 
inferior  and    posterior  have    received    no  name. 
The  superior  —  three  in  number  —  are  the  poste- 
rior per/orating  arteries.     The  anterior  branches 
are  larger,  and  there  are  commonly  four.     They 
furni.«h  the  anterior  perforating,  and  the  collate- 
ral* of  the  last  four  toes. 

Plantar  Cross,  see  Plantar  arteries — p.  Fas- 
c: ::i.  P.  aponeurosis. 

Plantar   Ligamevts.    A  name  given  to  the 
inferior  ligaments,  which  unite  the  bones  of  the 
and  metatarsus,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  superior,  called  dorsal. 

Plantar    Muscle,     Planta'rit,   P.  grac"ilis. 
Tibia' lit    grac"ili»,    Exten'eor  tarsi    minor,  (F.) 
Plantaire,  P.  Grele,  Jambier  grele,  PiiU  fimoro- 
tateanien,  (Ch.)     A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg.     It  is  long,  thin,  and  narrow. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
ll  condyle  of  the  os  femoris  :   below,  it  ter- 
minates by  a  long  tendon,  which  is  attached  to 
sterior  and  inner  part  of  the  caleaneum. 
nds  the  leg  on   the  foot,   and 
It  can,  also,  assist  in  the  flexion  of 
the  thigh. 
Plantar  Nerves.     These  are  two  in  number, 
nnd  are  furnished  by  the  termination  of  the  pos- 
tibial  nerve.     They  are  distinguished  into 
—  1.  The  internal  },h,,ii  tl-  nerve,  which  extends 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the   tibial  nerve  to  both 
f  the  tirst  three  toes,  and  the  inner  side  of 
irth.      It    furnishes,   alSO,   branches   to   the 
■  •!-  of  the   irr.Mf  to..  :    to  the  short  fli 
-v  :  to  the  short  lb 
.  the  lumbricales,  <tc.     2.  Thi 

mal plantar  nerve  pro< I<  from   the  termination 

of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  posterior  extremity 

real  bone,  ami  gives  branches  to 

digitorum  pedis,  the  ac 

•  abductor  of  the  littl-  toe.     This  trunk 

luently  divides   in-.,   two  branches;— the 

one— profunda — is  distributed  to  the  short  flexor 

and   abductor 
polliou  pedis  .-  t»,,.  other — euperfieialu 

itl  to  the  short  flexor  of  the  little  toe.  the 


two  sides  of  that  toe,  the  outer  side  of  the  4th, 
and  the  last  lumbricalis. 

Pi  intab   Rroions  or  Surfaces  are  different 

regions  or  surfaces  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.     Thrco 
.rally   reckoned,  —  the    internal,  middle, 
and  external. 

Plantar  Ykins  follow  an  arrangement  similar 
to  that  cf  the  arteries. 

l'!,.\N  I'auia.  Dengue. 

PLANTARIS,  Plantar,  P.  muscle— p.  Superfi- 
cies pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Verus,  see  Flexor  longus  di- 
gitorum pedis  profundus  perfoi  tins.) 

PLANTARIUM,  Pubee. 

PLANTS  l>t   PIED,  Bole. 

I'!. AMI-  SOUS-PHA  LANOIENS,  Lumbri- 
cales pedis — j>.  '/'<  ndino-phalangiena,  Lumbricales 
pedis. 

PLANUM  APONEUROTICUM  DIA- 
PHRAGMATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of 
the  diaphragm. 

Planum  Orbitale,  see  Maxillary  bone  (su- 
perior.) 

PLANUM  Os,  from  planus,  'soft,  smooth.'  The 
papyraceous  or  orbitar  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone 

—  Lam'ina    papi/ra'cea,    Lamell'a    plana  —  was 
formerly  so  called. 

Pi.  uitm  Pedis,  Sole. 

Planum  Bupm'rius  Lnxovm.  The  upper  sur- 
face of  the  tongue. 

PLANU'RIA,  from  TrXavo?,  'wandering,  false,' 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Discharge  of  urine  through 
unwonted  ways. 

PLAQUEMINIER  D' EUROPE,  Diespyros 
lotus. 

PLAQUES  GAUFRfiES,  Peyeri  glandule— 
/).  Laiteuses,  see  Taches  laiteuses — p.  de  Petjer, 
Peyeri  gl  an  dulse. 

PLASMA.  Liquor  sanguinis. 

PLASMEXIIIDRO'SIS,  from  plasma,  the  li- 
quor sanguinis  ;  e£,  'out  of,'  and  'tApwais,  '  perspi- 
j!  ration.'  Exudation  of  the  plasma  of  the  blood 
from  the  vessels. 

PLASTER,  Emplastrum  —  p.  Adhesive,  Em- 
plastrum  resinae,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p. 
Adhesive,  Baynton's,  see  Emplastrum  resinae — p. 
Adhesive,  of  pitch  and  resins,  Emplastrum  do 
pice  et  resinis  glutinans  —  p.  Ammoniacum,  Em- 
plastrum ammoniaci — p.  Ammoniacum  with  mer- 
cury. Emplastrum  ammoniaci  cum  hydrargyro — - 
,!  p.  Aromatic,  Emplastrum  aromaticum  —  p.  Asa- 
j!  foetida,  Emplastrum  asafoetidae —  p.  of  Belladon- 
na, Emplastrum  belladonnas  —  p.  Blister,  Blister 
I  — p.  Blistering,  Emplastrum  Iyttsa — p.  of  Blister- 
ing fly,  Emplastrum  lyttSB —  p.  Calefaeient,  Em- 
plastrum calefaciens  —  p.  of  Cantharides,  com- 
pound, Emplastrum  lytta  oompositum  —  p.  Ce- 
phalio,  Emplastrum  picis  comp. — p.  Corn.  Spa- 
radrapum viride  —  p.  Corn.  Kennedy's,  Spara- 
drapum viride  —  p.  Court.  English,  see  Echtbyo- 
cr>lla.  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p.  Cummin, 
Emplastrum  eumini — p.  Defensive,  Sparadrapum 
Galteri  —  p.  Diachylon,  Emplastrum  plumbi  —  p. 
Fly.  Emplastrum  lyttSB — p.  Frankincense,  Em- 
plastrum thuris — p.  Galbanum,  Emplastrum  gal- 
bani — ]».  Galbanum,  compound,  Emplastrum 
galhani  oompositum — p.  Cum.  Emplastrum  gum- 
mosum  —  p.  of  8um-resin8,  Emplastrum  emu 
gummi-resinis — p.  Remloek,  Emplastrum  oieotss 

—  p.  Iron,  Emplastrum  ferri  —  p.  [singll 
Sparadrapum  adhsssivum  —  p.  [ssue,  Sparadra- 
pum pro  fontioulis — p.  Lead,  Emplastrum  plumbi 
— p.  Machine,  Sparadrapisr  p.  Mercurial.  Em- 
plastrum hydrargyri — p.  of  Mercury,  compound, 
Emplastrum  hydrargyri  oompositum  —  p.  Mus- 
tard, Cataplasms  sinapis  —  p.  Nuremberg,  Em- 
plastrum Norirabergense — p.  Opium,  Emplastrum 
opii —  p.  Pitch,  see  Depilatory  —  p.  Pitch,  comp. 
Emplastrum  picis  oompositum  —  p.  Resin,  Rm- 
plastrum  resina>  —  p.  of  Red  oxide  of  iron,  Em- 


PLASTIC 


24 


PLETHORA 


plastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri— p.  Soap,  Emplastrum 
saponis  —  p.  of  Spanish  flies,  compound,  Emplas- 
trum lyttae  compositum  —  p.  Sticking,  Emplas- 
trum resinae — p.  Strengthening,  Emplastrum 
ferri,  Emplastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri  —  p.  Warm, 
Emplastrum  calefaciens — p.  Wax,  Emplastrum 
ceras. 

PLASTIC,  Plas'ticus,  Formati'vus,  Form'ative, 
(F.)  Plastiqne,  from  irXaanw,  '  I  form/  That 
which  forms,  or  serves  to  form. 

Plastic  Element.  One  which  hears  within  it 
the  germs  of  a  higher  form.  —  Gerber.  Plastic 
or  histogenet'ic  or  organoleptic  elements  of  nutri- 
tion are  those  elements  of  food  which  go  to  the 
formation  of  organized  tissue.  —  See  Aliment. 

Plastic  Force.  The  generative  or  formative 
power  in  organized  bodies.  It  is  also  called  Ni- 
sus  formati'vus,  Vis  seu  Virtus  plas'tiea  seu  for- 
mati'va  seu  essentia'lis  seu  reproducti'va,Fac' ultas 
forma' trix  seu  nutrix  seu  auctrix  seu  vegetati'va  ; 
Bias  alterati'vum,  Motus  assimilationis,  An'ima 
vegetati'va,  Plasticism'ns,  Virtus  formatrix,  Plas- 
tic"itas,  Plastic"ity,  Force  of  Nutrition,  F.  of 
assimilation,  F.  of  Form' ation,  F.  of  vegeta'tion, 
Puissance  da  mottle  interieur  (Buffon),  Bildung- 
strieb,  Germ-force  of  the  Germans. 

Plastic  Lymph,  Liquor  Sanguinis — p.  Surgery, 
Morioplastice. 

PLASTICISMUS,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTICITAS,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTICITY,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTILYTIC,  Anaplastic 
PLASTILYTICUM    (H^MATOLYTICUM), 
Span  acinic. 

PLATA,  Scapula. 
PLATANO,  Musa  Sapientum. 
PLATANTHE'RA  ORBICULA'TA,  Large 
round-leaved  Orchis  ;  indigenous.  Order,  Orchid- 
aceae  ;  flowering  in  July.  From  izXarovg,  'wide/ 
and  avnp,  for  'anther/  The  leaves  are  large,  soft 
and  fleshy,  and  are  used,  in  certain  places,  for 
dressing  blisters. 

PLATANUS,  Musa  paradisiaca. 
PLATEA,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 
PLATE-BONE,  Scapula. 
PLATEIASMA.  Platiasmus. 
PLATES,  HANSFORD'S,  see  Galvanism. 
PLATIAS'MUS,     P/ateias'ma,    from     nXarvg, 
'broad/      Excessive    development   of    the   lips, 
oausing  the  articulation  to  be  imperfect. 
PLATINA,  Platinum. 

PLAT'INUM,  Plat'ina,  from  (S.)  plata,  'sil- 
ver/     (F.)  Platine,  Or  blanc,  Petit  argent.     The 
preparations  of  platinum  resemble  in  their  thera- 
peutical properties  those  of  gold.     The  Bichlo'- 
ride,  Plat'ini  Bichlo'ridum,  made  by  dissolving 
platinum  in  aqua  regia,  and  the  Double  Chlo- 
ride of  Platinum  and  Sodium,  So'dii  chloroplat'- 
inas,   Chloroplat'inate    of  So'dium,  prepared   by 
dissolving  bichloride  of  platinum  and  pure  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  in  proper  proportions,  in  water, 
evaporating  and  crystallizing,  —  are  the  prepara- 
tions used.     They  are  not  much  prescribed. 
PLATULA,  see  Pediculus. 
PLATYBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
PLATYCORIA,  Mydriasis. 
PLATYCORIASIS,  Mydriasis. 
PLATYNO'SIS,  from  irXarvg,  '  broad/    Ampli- 
Jica'tio.     Morbid  extension  of  parts. 
PLATYOPHTHALMON,  Antimonium. 
PLATYPOLIA,  see  Kyllosis. 
PLATYPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 
PLATYS'MA,  from  7r>ari)j,  'broad/   Anything 
broadly  extended.     A  spread  plaster. 

Platys'ma  Myoi'des,  P.  Myo'des,  Mus'culns 
cuta'neus  seu  subcuta' neus  (Winslow),  Quadra'tus 
gencB  seu  latis'simus  colli,  Expan'sio  musculo'sa, 
Tetrago'nus,  Stomoman'icon,  (F.)  Thoraco-maxillo 
facial,  Thoraco-facial  (Ch.),  Peaucier.     A  mus- 


cle situate  superficially  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  neck.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  quadrilateral.  Its 
fibres,  which  are  all  parallel  to  each  other,  pass 
obliquely  downwards,  and  from  without  inward?. 
They  arise  from  the  areolar  tissue,  which  covers 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  chest:  pass 
before  the  clavicle,  and  proceed  to  attach  them- 
selves at  the  interior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti, 
at  the  external  oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
commissure  of  the  lips.  The  fibres  of  this  last 
insertion  form  a  distinct  fasciculus,  called  by  some 
anatomists  Ifus'cidus  Riso'rius  Santori'ni.  The 
platysma  myoides  depresses  the  commissure  of 
the  lips,  and  carries  it  outwards.  It  contributes, 
also,  to  the  depression  of  the  lower  jaw.  Winn 
it  contracts,  it  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  neck 
transversely. 

PLATYSTER'NOS,  from  nXarvg,  'broad/  and 
arepvov,  'the  sternum/  One  who  has  a  broad, 
well  developed  chest.  —  D.  Pechlin. 

PLATYS'TOMUS;   from  nXarvs,  '  broad/  and 
aroua,  '  mouth/     One  who  has  a  broad  mouth. 
PLAUTUS,  Leiopus. 
PLECHAS,  Perinajum. 
PLECTANJ5,  Cornua  uteri. 
PLEC'TANE,  Plica,  Plcgma,   Plexus.     From 
tt\lku),  'I  twine/      A  fold;  a  plexus.      Also,  a 
cornu  of  the  uterus. 

PLECTRUM.  The  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone.  Also,  the  uvula,  and  the  tongue. 
—  Castelli. 

PLEDGET,    (D.)    Plagghe,     Plumace'nlus, 
Lintea'men,  Plag'ula,   (F.)  Plumaceau,   Plumas- 
8eau.     A  small  compress  or  gateau  of  lint —  (the 
filaments  arranged  parallel  to  each  other) — flat- 
tened between    the    hands   after  the  extremities 
have  been  cut  off  or  folded  down.     It  is  applied 
over  wounds,  ulcers,  &c,  to  preserve  them  from 
the  contact,  of  the  air,  to  retain  dressings  in  situ, 
and  to  absorb  the  discharges. 
PLEGE,  Blow,  Ictus. 
PLEGMA,  Plectane,  Plexus. 
PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter. 
PLEINAV.)  'Full/  Themiddle  part  of  a  roller. 
PLEIOMASTHUS,  Polymasthus. 
PLEIOMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 
PLENA  MULIER,  Pregnant. 
PLENITUDE,  Fulness. 
PLENITUDO,  Plethora. 
PLENCK'S   DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory, 
Colley's. 

PLEOMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 
PLEONEC'TICUS,    from    irXtov,    'more/   and 
£^£(i/,  '  to  have/    Covetous.    Desirous  to  acquire: 
hence  mania  pleonectica. 

Pleonec'tica  Athym'ia  seu  Melanchol'ia. 
A  form  of  insanity  characterized  by  a  desire  for 
gain  or  by  covetousness. 

PLERO'SIS,  from  ir>vpvs,  'full/  also  Replc'- 
tio,  Eefec'tio,  Reple'tion.      Restoration   of  flesh 
after  sickness.     Plethora. 
PLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

PLES'MONE,   TrXnofiOvrj,  Plenitn'do,   Sati'etas, 
Sati'ety.     Intemperance.     A  condition  the  oppo- 
site to  that  of  hunger. 
PLESSER,  Plexor. 
PLESSIMETER,  Pleximeter. 
PLESSIMETRE,  Pleximeter. 
PLETHOMER'IA,  from  wXridog,   'many,'  and 
uzpos,  'apart/     Superabundance  of  parts,  as  in 
the  case  of  six  fingers  to  one  hand. 

PLETHO'RA,  from  nXr,$u>,  '  I  fill/  Polya'mia, 
Polyhyperha>: 'mia,  Panhyperemia,  Polychym'ia 
sanguin'ea,  Angeioplero'sis,  Angioplero'sis,  firm 
three' mia,  Erythro'sis,  Hesmatopletho'ra,  Hcrrnn- 
pletho'ra,  Plenitn'do,  3fultitu'do,  RediDtdmi'tia, 
Reple'tio,  En'chyma,  Comple'tio,  Pleth'ory,  Re- 
ple'tion, San'guineness.  Fulness,  (F.)  Abondance, 
Redondance.     The   word  plethora,  which   means 


TLETIIORIC 


:  2  5 


r  L  E  U  R I T I S 


repletion,  Pleru'ais,  expresses   ■   superabundance 

mi,  or  in  Bome  part  of  it :  — 

hence  the  division  of  plethora  into  gtueral  and 

the   latter  being  called,  according  to  its 

.  pulmonary,  uterine,  Ae.    The  prin- 

rmptoins  of  plethora  exist  in  the  eireula- 

stem;    su.h    as    redness   of  the   Borfaee, 

•welling  of  the  veins,  increase  in  tin*  full 

36,  in   the  strength  of  the  heart's  pulsa- 

ii  spontaneous  hemon 
..  With  these  arc  usually  united  general 
•  rpor,  lassitude,  vertigo,  tinnitus  au- 
Bushes  of  heat,  Ac.  The  blood  of  plethoric 
-  differs  from  healthy  blood  in  the  smaller 
:  water  which  it  contains,  and  especially 
igmentation  of  the  rod  corpuscles. 

ncy  to  plethora,  or  its  actual  exist- 
ence, must  be  obviated  by  purgatives,  proper  <liet, 
:  and.  if  the  danger  from  it  be  press- 
1-letting.    This  is,  however,  a  doubt- 
ful remedy  for  general  plethora,  as  it  in 

Plrtho'ra  Artbrio'sa   is  the  form  in  which 
I  is  rich  in  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles — the 
ial  constitution. 
Plkthora,  Local,  Hyperemia  —  p.  Partialis, 
Hyperemia. 
PLETHOR'IC,    Pletho'ricus,    Polya'mic,    Po- 
.    s  ,  (P.)   PlStho- 

Bame  etymon.     Full  of  blood.     Relating 
iffected  with  plethora, 
PLETHORICUS,  Plethoric. 
PLETHORY,  Plethora. 
PLETHOS,  Satiety. 
PLEUMON,  Pulrao. 
PLEUMONIA,  Pneumonia. 
PLEURA,    Pleurum,   Pleuro'ma,  'the    side,  a 
Hembra'na  pleurit'ica  miccin'geiis  seu  cos- 
tun  succin'gens,  if.  seu    Tu'nica  installs  seu  sub- 
tosta'lis,  Hypopleu' rios,   Hypezo'cus,  (F.)   Plivre 
rhe  pleura?  are  two  thin,  diaphanous, 
rable  membranes,  which  line  each  side  of 
the  chest,  and  are  reflected    thence    upon    each 
bug.     Like    all    serous    membranes  —  to    which 
long — each  represents  a  sac  without 
aperture.     From  the  junction    of  the  pleura  of 
le  the  mediastina  are  formed.     That  por- 
the  pleura  which  lines  the  parietes  of  the 
I  Pleura  Costa'lia  ;   the  portion  that 
i  Pulmona'lia.     The  arte- 
the  pleurae  are  from  the  intereostals,  in- 
t  -riial  mammaries,  phrenic,  inferior  thyroid,  Ac. 
irrespond   with   the   arteries.     They 
ipplied   with  lymphatics,  but  nerves 
are  not  traceable  in  them. 

also  used   for  Cavity  of  the  Pleura, 
res. 
PLEURA.     The  sides  of  the  chest. 
PLEURAL,   /'/,  ura'lis,   Pleu'rieue,  Pleu'ritrs. 
That  which  concerns  the  pleura : — as  a  pleural 
: — pleural  cavity,  pleural  hemorrhage,  Ac. 
PLEUB  ILG1  \.  Pleurodyne. 
PLEURAPOPHYSES,  Costae  vera,  see 
PLEURAPOSTEM  \.  Empyema, 
PLEUR  ^RTHROC'ACE,  from  wXmpm,  'a  rib.' 
'a joint,'  and  icaicoj,  'bud.'     Caries   of  the 

PLEURE,  Pleura, 

PLEURESIA,  Fleuritis. 

/ '  /.  /•-'  I  l:  ESI /;,    p leurisy  —  p.  Fauaae,   Pleuro- 

dvnia. 

PLEURESIS,  Pleuril 
PLEURtiTlQUE,  Pleuritic. 
PLEURICUS,  Pleural. 
PLEURIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURISY,  Pleuritis 


PLRDRIBT,  BlLIOUB,  Pleuri'ti$  bilio'sa.     Pleu- 

■  .inpanicd  with    bilious    symptoms;  —  the 
;  duodenitis  or  duodeno-hepatitia. 
l't.i-i  r.isy.  Falsi,  Pleurodynia. 
Pu:ri:i»y.    III   v i » .     A    ridiculous    term,    occa- 
sionally  used    by    the    vulgar,    in    the    Southern 
States    especially,   for   bilious    pneumonia    before 
the   pneumonitio   phenomena  arc   developed,  and 

whilst  the  head  is  prominently  affeoted. 
Pleurisy,    Hbmorrhagic,   Haematothorax — 

p.  Rheumatic,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Root,  Asolepiaa 
tuberose, 

l'i .El  RI8T,  Tvrnoin,  Pleuri'ti*  typhdl'des  seu 

typho'des  seu  typho'sa.  Pleurisy  accompanied 
by  adynamic  symptoms, 
'  PLEURITES,  Pleural. 
PLEURIT'IO,  Plturit'icu*,  Plcurit'iral.  (F.) 
Ph -urtti'/iit ■  ;  same  etymon  as  pleuritis.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  pleuritis  —  as  'pleuritic  pain.' 
PLEURITIS,  from  -\cvpu,  'the  pleura  :'  J/or- 
bu8  lateralis  -■  :i  pteurifictM  BOU  Costa'li 
pres'ma  seu  Camna  Pleuritis,  Pleuris,  Pleure'sis, 
Plenre'sia,  Pleuritis  ensta'lis  sea  vera,  Pleurit'ica 
Febrie,  Passio  pleurit'ica,  Tnjlamma'tio  Pleuraf 
Pleurisy,  Tnjlamma'tion  of  the  Pleura,  (F.)  Pleu- 
rfsie,  Fitvre  plenr&ique,  Inflammation  de  la 
Pttvre,  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Perhaps  the 
moat  violent  of  all  internal  inflammations  is  the 
active  form  :  known  by  acute,  lancinating  pain 
in  one  side  of  the  chest,  increased  by  inspiration, 
by  coughing,  and  often  by  pressure;  dyspnoea, 
the  inspirations  short  and  frequent;  cough  dry, 
or  with  little  expectoration  ;  and  difficulty  of 
lying  on  the  affected  side.  Symptoms,  attending 
the  phlegmasia?  in  general,  strongly  marked. 

Physical  Sign*.     There  is  seldom  any  percep- 
tible alteration  in  the  exterior  of  the  chest.   When 
effusion  has  taken    place  to  a  great  extent,   the 
si^ns  will  be  similar  to  those  of  chronic  pleurisy. 
The   motion  of   the  affected  side    is    diminished, 
.  and  the  vibrations  of  the  voice  cannot  be  detected 
:l  by  the  hand.     There  is  more  or  less  do!; 
sound  on  percussion,  the  dulness  diminishing  or 
disappearing  by  change  of  position.     On  auscul- 
tation, the  inspiration   is  feeble,  distant,  or  inau- 
dible ;  but  change  of  position  modifies  it.     Ego- 
phony  is  usually  present,  when   the  effusion  is  in 
i  moderate  quantity,  and  is  best  heard  oxer  a  por- 
tion  of  the  thoracic  parietes,  represented  by  a 
band   of  three   inches,  running  from  below  the 
^   inferior  margins  of  the   scapula  in   the   direction 
I   of    the    ribs    to    the    sternum.      Simple    pleurisy 
U  rarely  attacks  both  sides  at  once  :   when   such   is 
the  case,  the  presence  of  tubercles  may  be  sus- 
I;  pected. 

Formerly,  a  free  pleurisy  meant  one  seated  in 
the  pleura:  a  mediastinal  pleurisy,  one  situated 
in  the  anterior  mediastinum  :  and  false  pleurisy 
or  rkeumatiemal pleuriey,  that  which  occupies  the 
intercostal  muscles.  The  last  litis  received  the 
name  Pleurodyn'ia ;  that  of  pleurisy  being  ex- 
clusively appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the 
pleura.  Pleurisy  litis  also  been  distinguished  into 
dry  and  humid,  according  a<  it  i<  or  is  not  accom- 
panied by  expectoration.  Humid  or  moist  pleurisy 
is  now  properly  regarded  a-  a  complication  of 
pleurisy  with  pulmonary  catarrh.  Tt  is  the  catar- 
rhal pleurisy  of  some.  The  majority  of  the  spe- 
cies of  pleurisy,  admitted  by  Bauvages,  consist 

of  complications. 

The  causes  of  pleurisy  are  like  those  of  other 
internal  inflammations.  It  may  terminate  by 
resolution,  effusion,  or  suppuration. 

Chrokic  Fi.cfitisy,  which  bss  been  particu- 
larly  described   by    P.avle,  BrOUSSais,   and    Lai'n- 

nee,  most  commonly  terminates  by  ■  serous  or 

purulent   affusion,   which    sometime--    simulates 

|i  hydrotborux;  at  ethers,  phthisis  pulmonalis.     It 


PLEUROCELE 


26 


PLEXIMETER 


may  form  slowly,  without  evident  symptoms;  or 
it  may  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the  former 
case,  vague  pains  are  felt  in  the  chest,  with  small, 
dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals,  shivering, 
irregular  febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of 
pulse. 

Physical  Signs.  The  affected  side  is  smoother, 
more  rounded  and  motionless  ;  the  intercostal 
spaces  are  dilated  and  filled  up,  or  may  even 
protrude  slightly.  In  very  chronic  cases,  how- 
ever, the  affected  side  may  be  smaller.  The  tri- 
angular space  above  the  clavicle  and  the  depres- 
sion immediately  above  the  sternum  are  often 
drawn  downwards  on  the  diseased  side.  No  vi- 
bration is  experienced  by  the  hand  when  the 
patient  speaks.  The  parietes  of  the  thorax  are 
sometimes  cedematous,  and  fluctuation  may  be 
occasionally  felt  between  the  ribs.  On  percus- 
sion the  sound  is  dull,  or  if  clear,  only  so  in  the 
upper  portions  of  the  chest.  On  auscultation, 
there  is  an  absence  of  the  usual  sounds  over  the 
affected  parts,  excepting  occasionally  transmitted 
sounds.  There  are  no  physical  signs  that  can 
enable  us  to  know  whether  pus  or  serum  is  effused 
into  the  chest.  The  introduction  of  a  grooved 
needle  through  the  intercostal  space,  as  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Thomas  Davies,  would  of  course 
settle  the  question. 

On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  of  pleu- 
risy, the  pleura  is  found  thickened,  red,  inflamed, 
and  covered  with  membranous  exudations  or 
false  membranes.  Sometimes  it  seems  cartilagi- 
nous and  ossified.  Its  cavity  frequently  contains 
serous  or  sero-purulent  effusions. 

The  acute  form  of  the  disease  requires  the  most 
active  treatment.  General  blood-letting,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  make  a  very  decided  impression 
on  the  system,  and  repeated  if  necessary.  This 
is  the  most  important  agent.  After  the  violence 
of  the  disease  has  been  got  over,  counter-irritants 
will  be  found  highly  beneficial;  as  well  as  when 
it  has  passed  into  the  chronic  state.  The  cough 
may  be  relieved  by  demulcents. 

Sauvages  has  given  the  name  Plettri'tis  Ven- 
to'sa,  and  Pringle  that  of  Pleurodynia  Ven- 
to'sa,  to  a  pain  behind  the  false  ribs,  attributed 
to  the  presence  of  air  in  the  intestines. 

Pleuritis  Biliosa,  Pleurisy,  bilious — p.  Bron- 
chialis,  Bronchitis  —  p.  Costalis,  Pleuritis — p. 
Diaphragmatiea,  Diaphragmitis  —  p.  Humida, 
Bronchitis— p.  Muscularis,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  No- 
tha,  Pleurodynia — p.  Pericardii,  Pericarditis — p. 
Pulmonis,  Pleuropneumonia — p.  Rheumatica, 
Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria,  Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria 
simulata,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Typhoides,  Pleurisy, 
typhoid  —  p.  Vera,  Pleuritis. 

PLEUROCE'LE,  from  w\evpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  KtjXrt,  '  a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  pleura, 
Hernia  pleu'rica  et  pulmona'lis.  This  name, 
employed  by  Sagar,  is  inaccurate,  as  the  pleura 
never  protrudes  alone.  It  only  forms  a  hernia, 
when  it  serves  as  an  envelope  to  the  lung,  to  tu- 
mours, or  to  purulent  collections,  which  have 
protruded  from  the  thoracic  parietes. 

PLEUROCOLLE'SIS,  from  nXevpa,  'the  pleu- 
ra,' and  KoXXaco,  'I  glue.'  An  adhesion  between 
the  pleura  costalis  and  pleura  pulmonalis. 

PLEURODYNE,  Pleurodynia. 

PLEURODYNIA,  Pleural' gia,  Pseudo-pleu- 
ri'tis,  Pseudo-pleurisy,  Pleurod'yne,  Autal'gia 
doloro'sa,  Parapleuritis,  Stethorrheu'ma,  Rheu- 
matis'mus  pec'toris,  Pleuri'tis  rheumat'ica  seu 
musenla'ris  seu  notha  seu  spu'ria  seu  spu'ria 
simida'ta,  Pneumo'nia  exter'na,  Lagonop'onos, 
Thoracod'yne,  Dolor  Pec'toris  exter'nns,  Pain  in 
the  side,  Stitch  in  the  side,  False,  rheumat'ic  or 
rheumatis'mal  pleurisy,  (Old  Eng.)  Shott,  (Sc.) 
Caik,  (F.)  Point  de  cdte",  Douleur  de  c6te,  Pleu- 


resie  fausse;  from  i:\tvpa,  'the  side  or  pleura,' 
and  ohvvri,  'pain.'  A  spasmodic  or  rheumatic 
affection,  generally  seated  in  the  muscles  of  the 
chest,  and,  ordinarily,  in  the  intercostals.  It  is 
usually  augmented  by  outward  pressure,  inspira- 
tion, coughing,  exertion,  moving  the  thorax,  and 
sometimes  even  the  corresponding  arm.  It  is 
unaccompanied  by  fever,  cough,  or  dyspnoea,  ex- 
cepting under  the  form  of  a  stitch,  when  dyspnoea 
exists.  It  is,  generally,  by  no  means  obstinate, 
and  yields  promptly  to  warm  applications  and  to 
cupping  or  leeches.  If  it  still  resists,  a  blister 
will,  almost  always,  remove  it. 

Pleurodynia  Ventosa,  Pleuritis  ventosa. 

PLEUROMA,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PLEUROPATHI'A,  from  i:\tvpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  Trados,  'a  disease.'     A  disease  of  the  pleura. 

PLEUROPERI PNEU'MONY,  Pleuroperi- 
pneumo'nia,  Pleuropneumo'nia,  Pneumonopleure'- 
sis,  Pneumonopleuri'tis, Pleuri'tis  jyulnw'nis,  Pneu- 
mo'nia pleuritis.  Inflammation  occupying  the 
pleura  and  the  lung  at  the  same  time.  Pleurisy 
and  peripneumony  existing  simultaneously.  Phy- 
sical signs.  A  dull  sound  is  yielded  by  percus- 
sion for  a  variable  extent  over  the  more  depen- 
dent portions  of  the  affected  side.  The  loss  of 
sound  is  partially  modified  by  change  of  position. 
The  respiratory  murmur  on  auscultation  is  very 
feeble  or  absent  inferiorly  ;  higher  up,  the  crepi- 
tation or  bronchial  respiration  of  pneumonia  may 
be  detected ;  round  the  root  of  the  lung,  and  near 
the  inferior  angle  of  the  scapula,  egophony  is 
generally  present.  There  is  seldom  much  en- 
largement of  the  affected  side,  or  displacement 
of  the  adjacent  organs,  as  in  the  case  of  simple 
chronic  pleurisy. 

PLEUROPNEUMA,  Pneumathorax. 

PLEUROPNEUMONIA,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPNEUMONIAS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPYESIS.  Empyema. 

PLEURORRHAGIA,  Haematothorax. 

PLEURORRHCE'A,  from  ^svpa,  'the  side,' 
and  pew,  '  I  flow.'  Accumulation  of  fluid  in  the 
pleura. 

PLEURORRHCEACHYLOSA,Chylothorax — p.Lym- 
phatica,  Hydrothorax  —  p.  Purulenta,  Empyema 
— p.  Sanguinea,  Haematothorax — p.  Serosa,  Hy- 
drothorax. 

PLEURORTHOPNCE'A,  from  Tt\tvpa,  'the 
side,'  opSog,  'erect,' and  nvew,  'I  respire.'  Pain 
of  the  side,  which  does  not  permit  the  patient  to 
breathe,  except  when  in  the  vertical  position. 

PLEUROSO'MUS,  from  n\(vpa,  'side.'  and 
abifxa,  'body.'  A  malformation  in  which  the  fis- 
sure is  somewhat  lateral,  with  eventration  ex- 
tending chiefly  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  abdo- 
men and  upon  the  chest;  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  fissured  side  being  more  or  less  atrophied. 
— Vogel. 

PLEUROSTO'SIS,  from  n\tvpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  octcov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  the  pleura, 
or  in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura.     Osfeopleu'ria. 

PLEUROTETANUS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEUROTHOT'ONOS,  Pleurot'onos,  Plenro- 
tet'anus,  Tetanus  latera'lis,  from  TrXevpoS-ev,  'late- 
rally,' and  tovos,  'tension.'  A  variety  of  tetanus, 
in  which  the  body  is  curved  laterally  by  the 
stronger  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  one  side 
of  the  body. 

PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEURUM,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PLEVRE,  Pleura. 

PLEXIM'ETER,  Plexom'eter,  Plegom'eter, 


TLEXOMETER 


TLORATUS 


ip'inm,     .1  ttieop' 
from    irXijffffw,    '  I    strike,'    and 
measure,'  'a  measure  of  percussion.'    An 
ite  of  11  circular  or  ovoid  shape,  from  an 
,  1  u  half  to  two   inches  in  diameter,  and 
ith  of  an  inch  in  thickness.     It  1ms 
i  ri in  or  edge,  or  projecting  handles 
side,  to  permit  its  being  held  between 
.  1  thumb  of  the  left  hand,  whilst  it 
k  with  the  right.     It  is  used  in  percussion 
chest.     A  piece  of   metal,  a  coin,  or  the 
1  o ft  hand   may  be  used  with  equal 
Percussion,  mediate. 
PLBXOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

X.OR,    from    7r,\?;<7<Ti>,   '  I    .-triko.'      / 
Anv  instrument  employed  in     percussion.     The 
the  fingers  of  tin-  right  hand  brought  to- 
-   the  finger  of  the 
perhaps,  the  best  pleximeter. 
PLEXUS,  Plegma,  Plec'tane,  Plane,  ftefe,  from 
'.  eto, '  1  interlace,'  '  I  entwine.'  (F. 
A  network  of  blood-vessels  or  of  nerves.      The 
is  plexuses,    Implicatio'nea  reticula' 
tervorum  belong  —  tome  to  the  system  of 
■■cephalic  nerves — others  to  that  ofthe  great  sym- 
•;  whilst  some,  as  the  pharyngeal,  seem 
>rmed  of  the  two  sets.     The  plexuses  re- 
complex    networks,    with    more    or    less 
-.  formed  by  the  numerous  ami  diver- 
sified ai  of  the  nervous  filaments:  from 
proceed   other   branches,    that  are    distri- 
organs,  or  to  other  plexuses. 

lrdiac,  Cardiac  plexus — p.  Carotid, 
■till  nerve  —  p.  Cavernosus,  Bulbus  vesti- 
hu'.i  —  p.  Choroides,  see  Choroid  —  p.  Choroideus 
i  tela  —  p.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment— ;>.  Caliaque,  Coeliac  plexus — p.  Corouariua 
ventrieuli.  Gastric  plexus — p.  Coronary,  see  Car- 
.   and  Coronary  plexus  —  p.   Gangli- 
f«.rmi<  semilunaris,  Coeliac  plexus  —  p.  Ganglio- 
.    Ganglions,    nervous  —  p.    Glandiformes, 
rvous — |).  Glandulosi  Peyeri,  Peyeri 
glandali' — p.  Hederaceus,  Corpus  pampiniforme 
—  p.  Hepaticus,  Hepatic  plexus — p.   Infra-thy- 
Thyroideal  veins — p.  Lombo-abdomi- 
irabar  plexus — p.  Median,  Coeliac  plexus — 
j>.  M  - enterii  proprius  et  maximus,  Coeliac  plexus 
— p.  Nervorum  anserinus,  Facial  nerve — )>.  Opi*- 
/iK,   Coeliac   plexus  —  p.    Pampiniforrais, 
pampiniforme  —  p.  Pharyngeal,  see  Pha- 
nerve  —  p.   Pneumogastricus,  see  Pneu- 
irve  —  p.    Retiformis,   Corpus  eaver- 
i  vaginae —  p.  Reticularis,  Bulbus  vestibuli, 

'  xus  —  p.  Solar,  Coeliac  plexus — p. 

iqne,  Hypogastric  plexus — p.  Tetti- 
,  Spermatic  plexus—  j>.    Trach£lo-*ou»-cu- 
Cervical    plexus  —  p.    Vasculosus   funiculi 
ipermatici  pampiniformis,  Corpus  pampiniforme. 
-     PLIC  \.  from  plico,  nXrxu,  '  to  fold,'   Tricho'ait 
Tricho'ma,    Trichono'sin  plica,    Trica,    T. 
I  jeu  St  ro/o'rnm,   Plica   Pofonica  seu 

-  Beu  Cachec'tica  seu  Saxon' ica 
iput    Medn'aa    seu    longicau'da    latera'li*, 
tat'ica,  Lm>t  Sarmat'ica  Beu  Polon'- 
Trichomat'ica,   Helo'aia,  Helo'tie,  Cir'ra- 
'rhagra,  C.  Polono'nim,  Ecphy'tna  trich- 
\fnrbna  Cirrho'rum,  Coma   Caaa'rea,  STolto, 
»'«»'«,    Plica'tio,    Plicatu'ra,    Matted    hair, 
horn' atone  hair,  (F.)  Pliqne,  I'. 
\  disease  endemic  in  Poland,  Lithu- 
ania,  and    other    parts   of    Northern    Kur 

on  account  of  it-  being  characterised  by 
Interlacing,  twi«tinup,  and  agglutination  or  matting 

of  the  hair.     By  some  it  has  l d  regar  led  U  a 

:  by  others,  as  the  wanl  of  attention 
lin  is.     However  this   may  be,  it  gene- 
-  upon  the  hair  of  the  head,  but  some- 
times in  that  of  other  parts,  as    the    beard,  the 


hair  on    the    axilla,  pnbes,   Ac      Alihert    admits 
-   of  plira.     1.   Pitta  mmltiform'it  or 

Plica    caput    Miiln'mp,    in    which    the    hairs    are 

mixed  and  agglutinated  in  greater  or  less  ma  —  .-  i 
and  this  has  been  again  subdivided  into  r 

ricties,  according  as  the  meshes  ■'!■.'  almost 
Btraight  {P.  C.  M.  lacinia'ta,  (F.)  Plique  en  ln- 

or  much  twisted,  (F.)  /'.  Ml  vnllt 
Plica    longicau'da,    (F.)    Pliqne    tolitain     on    d 

when  the  h:iir  is  united  into  a  single  long 
,':  i :;.  /'/,', -n  ,-,  Kpit,,'mi,  (V.)  Plique  en 
in  which  the  hairs  are  matted  into  one  large, 
shapeless  mass.  Pin  el  places  thi<  disease  smongi  I 
the  Outaneom  phlegmasia  :  hut  it  is  far  from  de- 
monstrated, that  it  is  the  result  of  inflammation 
of  the  skin.  Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the 
tangling  of  the  hair  is  symptomatic  of  an  aft'ee- 
tion  —  aui  yeneri*  —  ofthe  dermoid  Bystem.  The 
ides  that  it  is  entirely  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness, 

as  has  l n  conceived  by  some,  is  not  tenable. 

h  has  been  supposed  to  be  produced  by  a  fungous 
growth — a  mycoderma  or  trichomapkyte. 

Plica,    Plectane  —  p.    Cachectiea,   Plica — p. 

Caput   Medusa'.    Plica  —  p.    Centralis   retn 

Optic  nerve  —  p.  Longicauda  lateralis.  Plica  — p. 

Lunata,  Yalvula  semilunaris  —  p.  Polonica,  Plica 

—  p.  Polonica  Judaic*.,  Plica — p.  Saxonioa,  Plica 

—  p.  Semilunaris,  Yalvula  semilunaris. 

Plica  ('onmvi:nti:s,  Valvule  conniventes — p. 
Semilunares,  see  Urinary  bladder,  and  Uterus. 

PLICATIO,  Plica. 

PLIC  AT  UK  A,  Plica. 

PLICATUR/E  CEREBRI,  Gyri  cerebri. 

PLICIIOS,  Perinsenm. 

PLIN'THIUM,  ttXivSioi.  A  machine  invented 
by  one  Niletts,  which  was  formerly  employed  i-i 
the  reduction' of  fractures  and  luxations.  Scul- 
tetus  describes  it  in  his  Armamentarium  Chirur- 
gicum. 

PLIQUE,  Plica  —  p.  Polonaise,  Plica. 

PLOCARIA  CANDIDA,  FucUB  amylaceus  — 
p.  Helminthochorton,  Corallina  Corsica  na. 

PLOMB,  Plumbum. 

PLOMB  ^F.).  The  sulphuretted  gas  disen- 
gaged  from  privies,  which  proves  fatal  at  times 
to  the  nightmen,  (F.)  Vidangeura,  engaged  in 
emptying  them. 

PLOMB,  ACJS TATE  ACTDE  /)/:.  Plumbi 

superacetas — p.  Blanc,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  /*. 
Blanc  de,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Carbonated*, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Chlomre  de,  Plumbi 
chloridnm — /'.  Fodure  de,  Plumbi  iodidum — p. 
Hitrate  de,  Plumbi  nitras — p.  Ox.iih-  de,/ondu, 
Plumbi  oxydum  semivitrcum — ;;.  Oxide  range  de, 
Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum — p.  O.cidc  acmi-vitreux 
de,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLOMBAOE  DES  DENTS,  Plugging. 

PLOMBAOINE,  Graphites, 

PLOMBlKiRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
I',, at'*  medica'ti  Plumba'rii,  Therma  Pltimbariat. 
Plombieres  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  the 
.  17  leagues  from  Nancy,  and  two  from 
Remiremont  Here  are  several  sources  of  ther- 
mal water.  That  which  is  called  Saponaceotie 
(F.)  Snroiinritxr,  is  formed  of  the  suhcarbonai  6 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  silica, 
carbonate  of  lime,  and  mueh  vegeto-animal  mat- 
ter* This  last  Component,  when  held  in  solution 
by  means  of  the  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gives  to 
the  water  an  unctuous  character.  This  is  the 
origin  of  its  name.  The  waters  of  Plombieres 
are  employed  a-  -olvents  in  engorgements  of  the 

abdominal  viseera.  and  as   alteratives   in   ehrouio 

diseases  of  the  skin. 

PLOR  LTIO,  Lacrymatlo. 

PLORATUS,  Lacrymatio. 


PLOT US 


28 


TLUMBUM 


PLOTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLOUK,  Papula. 

PLUGGING,  (Sw.)  Plngg.  (P.)  Tamponnement. 
Tiie  act  of  stopping  a  hole.  The  introduction  of 
a  plug  or  dossil  of  lint  or  rag  into  a  wound  or 
imtnral  cavity — as  the  uterus  or  vagina — to  arrest 
hemorrhage:  or  of  some  substance  into  a  carious 
tooth  to  prevent  toothache,  (F.)  Plombage  des 
dent*.     See  Filling. 

PLUKE,  Papula. 

PLUM,  Prunum,  Prunus  domestica  —  p.  Assy- 
rian. Sebestina. 

PLDMA,  Lanugo. 

PLUMACEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMACEOLUS,  Pad,  Pledget. 

PLUMASSEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMBAGO,  Graphites,  Persicaria. 

Plumba'go  Europj:'a,  P.l'ipathifo'lia  seu  hh- 
dnla'ta,  from  plumbum,  'lead,'  because  covered 
with  lead-coloured  spots,  Denta'ria,  Crepanel'la, 
S'/uama'ria,  Dentela'ria,  Lendwort,  (F.)  Dente- 
liire,  Herbe  an  Cancer,  jlalherbe.  Ord.  Plumba- 
gioacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  root  was  formerly  much  esteemed  as  a  cure 
for  toothache,  like  the  Pel'litory  of  Spain,  which 
is  also  called  Dentaria. 

PLUMBI  ACETAS.  P.  superacetas— p.  Acetas 
dilutum  alcoholicum,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus  —  p.  Acidulus  siccus,  Plumbi  superacetas 

—  p.  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas. 

Plumbi  Chlo'ridum.  Chloride  of  Lend,  (F.) 
Cklorure  de  Plomb.  This  salt  of  lead  has  been 
used  in  the  form  of  lotion  and  ointment  in  can- 
cerous ulcerations. 

Plumbi  Deutoxyt>um  Rubrum,.  P.  Oxydum 
rabrum — p.  Hydriodas,  P.  Iodidum  —  p.  Iodhy- 
dras,  P.  Iodidum. 

Plumbi  Iod'idum,  P.  Iodure'tum  seu  Bydri'- 
o  hi*  seu  Hydro'i'odas  seu  lodhy'dras,  Plumbum 
inda'tum  seu  Hydro'iod'icum,  I'odide  or  Iod'uret 
<  -'  Lead,  (F.)  Iodure  de  Plomb,  I.  plombique. 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  double  decomposition 
of  iodide  of  potassium  and  nitrate  of  lead.  It  is 
used  in  scrofulous  affections  internally  and  ex- 
ternally :  and  is  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
D.  S.  1S.51.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iij  or  iv. 

Plumbi  Ioduretum,  P.  Iodidum. 

Plumbi  Xitras,  Plumbum  ni'tricum,  Xitras 
phimb'icu*,  Xitrum  saturni'num,  Xitrate  of  lead, 
(F.)  Xitrate  ou  Azotate  de  Plomb.  A  salt  formed 
by  the  action  of  diluted  nitric  acid  on  litharge. 
Xitrate  of  lead  has  the  same  medical  action  as 
the  other  soluble  salts  of  lead,  and  is  a  valuable 
antibromic.  It  has  been  used,  also,  as  an  exci- 
tmt  antiseptic  to  wounds,  ulcers,  &c,  and  is  the 
basis  of  Ledoyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 

Plumbi  Xitrosac'charas,  Xitrosac'charate  of 
bad.  (Sacchar.  p.  j  ;  Acid,  nit'-ic.  p.  ij  ;  Aqua 
p.  x.)  Beat  together  in  a  porcelain  dish  as  long 
as  chemical  action  continues :  dilute  the  liquor 
with  water,  neutralize  with  chalk,  and  to  the  fil- 
tered solution  add  acetate  of  lead  so  long  as  a 
precipitate  is  formed.  Collect,  wash,  and  dry 
the  precipitate,  which  is  saecharate  of  lead.  Dis- 
solve in  dilute  nitric  acid,  (one  part  acid  to 
nineteen  of  water,)  filter  and  evaporate  to  form 
crystals,  which  are  transparent,  of  an  amber 
colour,  and  in  regular  hexagonal  plates  or 
prisms. 

Advised  as  a  solvent  of  phosphatic  calculi. 

Plumbi  Oxydum  Album.  Plumbi  subcarbonas 

—  p.  Oxydum  earbonatum  per  acidum  acetosum, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Oxydum  fusum,  PI. 
oxydum  semivitreum. 

Plumbi   Oxydum   Rubrum,   Jfin'ium,   Jliltus, 


Deutox' yd  it  m  plumbi  rubrum.  Superox'ydum  Plum- 
bo'snm,  Plumbum  oxyda'tum  rubrum  seu  supeiJ- 
oxydatum,  Saudix,  Sandyx,  Red  lead.  (F.)  Oxide 
de  plomb  rouge.  It  is  sometimes  used  to  kill 
,  vermin. 

Plumbi     Ox'ydum     Semiyit'reum,    Plumbum 

oxyda'tum,  Lithar'gyrus,  Lithargyrnm,  Lithar- 
gyr'ium,  Oxydum  plumbi  fusum.  Spuma  a)  .•■  t'i, 
Semi-rit'rified  oxyd  of  lend  or  Hthargi  . 
8a,  Cath'mia,  (F.)  Oxide  de  plomb  fondu,  Oxide 
de  plomb  semivitreux,  (a  yellow  protoxyd  of  lead, 
prepared  by  heat,  combined  with  carbonic  acid.) 
It  occurs  in  scales  of  a  whitish-red  colour,  and 
semi-vitrified.  It  is  employed  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes,  as  in  the  Liquor  plumbi  acetatis,  Em- 
plastrum  plumbi,  &c.  Formerly,  the  Litharge  of 
gold,  Clirysi'tis,  Jfas'sicot,  and  Litharge  of  siloer, 
Almariab,  were  distinguished  in  commerce. 
These  were  merely  ordinary  litharge,  resembling 
gold  or  silver  in  colour. 

Plumbi  Subcar'bonas,  Car'bonas  plumbi  seu 
phnnbicus,  Plumbi  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Plum- 
bum carbonieum,  PI.  oxyda'tum  carbon'icum  J/a- 
gixte'rium  plumbi,  Oxydum  plumbi  album,  Cerussa, 
jEru' go  plumbi,  Psimmyth'ion,  Psym'mython,  Sim- 
mitium.  Flahe  white,  Blanca,  Gersa,  If  rides.  Snb- 
car'bonate  of  lead,  Cerusse,  White  lead,  (F.)  Car- 
I  bonate  de  plomb,  Blanc  de  plomb,  Plomb  blnnc, 
Ceruse,  Blanc  d' Argent,  Blanc  de  Ceruse,  Blanc 
de  Krems,  B.  de  Crems,  B.  de  Kremnitz,  Craie  de 
plomb,  (prepared  by  exposing  spiral  rolls  of  lead 
to  the  fumes  of  vinegar,  in  vessels  placed  in  dung.) 
It  is  inodorous:  has  a  sweet  taste:  is  brittle; 
friable  :  snow  white,  and  of  a  minute,  scaly  tex- 
ture. It  is  astringent  and  sedative,  and  is 
sprinkled  on  parts  affected  with  local  inflamma- 
tion, or  to  prevent  chafing  in  children.  It  is 
also  used  in  the  formation  of  ointments  and 
plasters. 

Plumbi  SvPEKA.CE'TA$,Cerus'saaceta'ta, Plumbi 
acid'ulus  siccus,  P.   ace'tas  (Ph.  U.    S.),   Sal  sea 
sac'charum  Satur'ni,  Plumbum  ace'ticnm,  Dulce'do 
Satur'ni,  Acetas  plum'bicum  crystallisa'tum,  Sal 
plumbi,    Sugar  of  lead,    Supcrac"etate    of   lead, 
Protoac"erate    of    lead,    (F.)     Acetate    acide    de 
plomb,   Sel  ou  sucre  de  Saturne.      (Plumb,   carb. 
I  ibj,  Acid  acetic,  cong.  1J.     Boil   the    lead  with 
the  acid  till  it  is  saturated:  then  strain  through 
paper,  and  evaporate  to  a  pellicle,  that  crystals 
may  be  formed.     Wash  the  crystals  and  dry  on 
blotting-paper.    Ph.  L.)     The  acetate  of  lead  ha3 
a  sweet,  styptic  taste  :  a  very  white  colour,  and 
silky  lustre.     It  is  astringent :  and,  in  iceak  solu- 
]   tion,  cooling  and  sedative  :  in  strong,  stimulant 
I  It  is  given  internally,  in  visceral  and  other  he- 
morrhages,   combined   with   opium,   and  is   used 
externally,  in  solution,  in    inflammation,  burns, 
[  bruises,  gonorrhoea,  &c.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  iss. 

Plumbi  Tanxas,  see  Tannin.  • 

PLUMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA- 
TOI,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

PLUMBO&UM  SUPEROXYDUM,  Plumbi 
oxydum  rubrum. 

PLUMBUM.  Molyb'dos,  Molibdus,  Satum'mm, 
Capricor'nus,  (F.)  Plomb.  Lead.  A  solid  metal 
;  of  a  bluish  white  colour;  more  malleable  than 
ductile:  soft  enough  to  be  scratched  by  the  nail; 
very  fusible  and  oxydizable,  when  heated  in  the 
air,  and  existing,  in  nature,  under  a  number 
of  different  shapes:  the  principal  of  which  are 
those  of  sulphuret  and  oxyd.     S.  g.  11.352. 

Its  use  is  to  form  oxides  and  salts.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  has  no  action  upon  the  body ;  but 
when  oxydized  or  united  with  an  acid,  it  acts,  in 
large  doses,  as  a  powerfully  astringent  poison. 

Plumbum  Aceticum.  Plumbi  superacetas  —  p. 
|  Album,  Tin — p.  Candidum,  Tin — p.  Carbonieum, 


FLUMIERA   ALBA 


2  0 


PNEUMOGASTRIO 


Plumbi    subcarbonas —  p.    Cinereum,     Bismuth, 
subnitr.it.-    of— p.    Hydroiodicum,   Plumbi 
dum— i'.  [odatum,  Plumbi  [odiduin— p.  Nigrum, 
Graphites — p.  Nitricum,  Plumbi  nitras— ] 
datum.  Plumbi  oxydura  semivitreum— p.  • 

rbonieum,  Plumbi  subcarbonas —  p.  Oxy- 
rubrum,  Plumbi  uxydum  rubrum  —  p.  Su- 

ii.  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 
>IIE'RA  ALBA;  0    ter,  Apocynac 
of  tropical  America,  has    a    milky  juice 
-  cathartic. 

s'tica,   is   given    in    Brazil   in 
I    chronic    obstructions,   [?J    mixed 
with  uuik  <>f  almoi 

ra   Phagi      r.  nica,  is  in  repute  in  Bra- 
,ii  anthelmintic. 
IS.  SEEDED,  see  Diospyros  Virginians 
Diospyros  Virginiana  —  p.  Yel- 
Diospyros  Virginiana. 
pl.l  NTOE    B  Mil.  Bee  Hath. 
PLUNGING   SIPHON,  see  Siphon. 
PLUNKETT'S    CAUSTIC   FOR   CANCERS, 
Ointment. 
:ett's   Oixtmknt,   Plunketfs    Caustic  for 
lis  empirical  cancer  remedy  consists 
-    acid,    Sulphur,   and    the    powdered 
of  the    Ranunculus  flammula  and   Cotula 
ted  and  made   into  a  paste  with 
and  applied,  on  a  piece  of  pig's 
.  to  the  surface  of  the  cancer. 
PLURAL  BIRTH,  see  Multiparous. 
PLU'  11'  V-     Avicenna  gives  this  name  to  du- 
es of  the  dura  mater,  such  as  the  Fulx 
i 

PLUTONIUM,  Barium. 
PNE0BI0MANT1  \.  Docimasia  pulmonum. 
PNEOBIOMANTICA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 
PNEUMA,  Air,  Life.     See  Pneumatic  Physi- 

PNEUMAPOSTE'MA,  Pneumonaposte'ma,Ab- 
scesen*  pnlmo'nnm  ;  from  rrtu^wv,  'the  lung;' and 
atoar^^a.  ' abscess.'     Abscess  of  the  lung. 

UMARTHRO'SIS,  from  wvevpa,  '  air,'  and 
'articulation.'     Secretion    of  air  into  an 
ir  cavity.     Seen  at  times  after  acute  rheu- 
inati-m.  but  soon  disappearing  [?]. 

PNEUMATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pulmo- 
num. 

PNI'l'MATILF/MIA,      Pnenmata'mia,     from 
.    nvfVfinTos,    'air.'    and    'aipa,    'blood.'     A 

ndition  in  which  air  is  developed  in  the 

bloodves-sels.—  (■■ 

PNEUMATHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 
PNEI  MAT'IC,     Pneumat'icus,    Pneumat'ical, 
ttique,  from    irvcr<na,  Trvcufiaros,  'life, 
air.'     Relating  to  pneuma,  air  or  health. 

MAT'IC  Physicians,  Pneumat'iei.     Name 

■t  of  physicians,  at  the  head  of  whom 

was  Athenaeus,  who  made  health  and  disease  to 

in  the  different  proportion  of  an  element 

— which  they  called  Pneuma,  nvtvfta — to  those  of 

•    tr  elementary  principles.      This wtvfta  was 

ritual  principle,  which  the  Stoics  re- 

ns  an  element,  different  from  \\. 

eirth  and  fire;  —  the  sole  elementary  principles 

previously  admitted. 

PNEUM  IT'ICA,  fr->m    nvcvua,  irvcu/*aroc,  'air.' 

Appertaining  to  the  breathing.     Diseases  of  the 
itory  function; — the  second  class  in  Good's 
gy.     Agents  that  aet  on  the  re- 
spiratory organs. — Poreira. 

PNBUMATICAL,  Pneumatic. 
PNEUM  ITOCELE,  Physocele. 
PNEUMATO'DES,  from  nvtvua,  'wind,'  and 


ui  s.  'resemblance.'  One  distended  with  air,  or 
«  bn  breathes  with  difficulty,  owing  to  an  accumu- 
lation of  flatus  in  the  digestive  tube;  or,  aeeord- 

there,  owing  to  emphysema. 

PNEUMATOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE,  Pneumatotn- 
phaloa. 

PNEUMATOM'PHALUS,    PnenmaUm 
ce'le,  from   n   i  ia,   wvetmnreSt   'air.'  and    u/j^uAoj, 
'the     umbilicus.'      Umbilical     intestinal     hernia, 
containing  a  considerable  quantity  of  llatus. 

PNEUMATOR'RHACHIS,  from  -.  ■  ,  -m- 
unroi,  *  air,'  and  V",Y<^  'the  spine.'  Accumula- 
tion of  air  in  the  vertebral  canal. 

PNEUM  ATOSE,  Pneumatosis— p,  PiritonSule, 

Tympanites. 

PNEUMATOSIS,  Atro'sit,  from  nw^rra. 
parof, 'air.'  Flatus,  (IF.)  Maladie  ventruse,  Pneu- 
Flatulence.  Flatulent  distension  of  the 
stomach  or  bowels,  or  both.  SauvagCS  Dl 
word  Synonymously  with  emphysema.  It  is  now 
generally  employed  for  every  ebnormous  collec- 
tion of  gaseous  matters  in  any  part  of  the  body. 

Pnki  m  ltosis,   Emphysema  —  p.     Abdominis, 

Tympanites  —  p.  Enterica.  Colica  tlatulenta  —  p. 
Pericardii.  Pneumo-pericardium  —  p.  Pulmonum, 
Emphysema    of    the   lungs  —  p.    Ventrical],   et 

Pneumatosis  enterica.  Flatulence. 

PNEUMATOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMECTASIS,  Emphysema  of  the  Lungs. 

PNEUMOCACE,  Necropneumonia. 

PNEUMOCB'Lfi,  Hernia pulmo'nis,  (F.)  Her- 
nie  (In  j><, union.  Hernia  of  the  lung  through  one 
of  the  intercostal  spaces. 

PNEUM 0GH0L0SI8,  Pneumonia  (bilious). 

PNEUMOCHYSIS,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 

I'SEUMOECTASIE,  Emphysema  of  the 
lungs. 

PNETJMOGAS'TRIC,  Pneumogas'triciu,  (F.) 
Pneumogastrique,  from  nvtvuut,  'the  lung.'  and 
yaorrip.  '  the  stomach.'  Belonging  to  the  lungs 
and  Btomach. 

Pnkimogastric  Nerves,  Eighth  pair  of nt  rvem 
(  Tenth  ji'iir,  of  some,)  Par  vagum,  Part  vagat 
Nervut  vague  seu  ambulato'rius  seu  jjiieui>i<>tj<t>i'- 
tricut  ,<eu  dec"iinuK sen  sympath'ieut  me'dius,  Mid- 
dle sympathetic,  1 1'.  |  Nerft  pneuntogaetriquet  ou 
caguee;  so  called  because  it  is  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  organs  contained  in  the  chest  and  ab- 
domen. This  nerve  arises  from  behind  the  emi- 
nentisB  olivarisB  and  near  the  corpora  restiformia 
by  one  or  two  rows  of  filaments,  regularly  arranged. 
Those  filaments  unite  to  form  a  flat  cord,  which 
issues  from  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lacerum 
posterius;  behind  the  glosso-pharyngeal  i 
At  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  the  pneumogastrio 
nerve  has  the  appearance  of  a  very  compact 
plexus  —  Plexus  gangliform'is,  Ganglion  of  the 
superior  laryngeal  branch,  of  Sir  Astley  Cooper. 
It  then  descends  along  the  neck,  deeply  I 

on  the  outside  of  the  carotid  artery  and  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.    When  it  has  attained  the  lower 

part  of  the  neck,  it  enters  the  sheet,  gliding  be- 
hind the  subclavian  vein,  and  passing  on  the 
right  Bide,  in  front  of  the  subclavian  artery,  and, 

.in  the  left,  before  the  arch  of  the  aorta.     It  pro- 

al    first,    backwards,   increasing    in 
Afterwards,  it  passes  from  behind  the  bronchia 

to  th sophagus,  which  it  accompanies  through 

the  diaphragm,  and  terminates  on  the  stomaoh. 
In  the  neck,  the  pneumogastrio  nerve  anasto- 
witb  the  ipinaL  glosso-pharyngeal, 
glossal,  and  great  sympathetic  aervi  I 

furnishes,  1,  a  pharyngeal  branch,  2,  a  *i 
laryngeal,  3,  eardiae  branches.     In  the  chest*  it 


PNEUMOGRAPHY 


3  0 


PNEUMONOCELE 


gives  off,  1,  the  inferior  laryngeal,  or  recurrent, 
2,  the  pulmonary  plexus,  and,  3,  the  asophageal 
branches.  On  entering  the  abdomen,  the  oeso- 
phageal branches,  which  terminate  the  pneumo- 
gastric,  are  distributed  upon  the  stomach,  and 
give  numerous  filaments  to  that  viscus,  to  the 
hepatic,  coeliac,  gastro-epiploic,  and  solar  plex- 
ites. Some  go,  also,  to  the  pancreas,  liver,  gall- 
bladder, duodenum,  Ac. 

PNEUMOGRAPHY,  Pneumogra'phia,  from 
nvtvfjiwv,  'the  lung/  and  ypa<pr),  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  that  describes  the  lungs. 

PXEOIOLITHI'ASIS,  from  izvev^v,  'lung/ 
and  'XtS-iaais,  '  formation  of  stone.'  A  morbid  state 
in  which  calculi  form  in  the  lungs. 

PXEOIOL'OGY,  P neumolog"ia,  from  Trveviiwv, 
'the  lung,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  An  anato- 
mical treatise  on  the  lungs.  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  lungs. 

PXEUMOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PXEUMOM'ETRY,  Pneumomet'ria,  from  izvtv 
the  lung:,'  and  jxetoov,  '  measure.'    Measure- 


pwv, 


See 


ment  of  the  capacity  of  the  lungs  for  air 
Spirometer. 

PXEUMOX,  Pulmo. 
PXEUMOXALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
PXEUMOXATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pul- 
monum. 

PXE UJfOXFCR OSTE,  X'ecro-pneumonia. 
PXEUMOXECTASIS,     Emphysema    pulino- 
num. 

PXEUMOXEMPHRAX'IS,from  w^v,  'the 
lung,'  and  eu^oa^ig,  'obstruction.'  Congestion 
and  infarction  of  the  lungs. 

PXEUMO'XIA,  Peripneumo'nia,  Empres'ma 
•pneumoni 'tis,  Pleumo'nia,  Peripneumo' nia,  Pneu- 
monitis, Pulmo'nia,  Pulmona'ria,  Injiamma'tio 
pneumon'iea,  I.  pec'toris  acu'ta  seu  pulmo'num, 
Pneumos'fasis,  Febris  pneumon'iea,  Pnen'mony, 
Peripneu'mony,  Inflammation  of  the  Lungs,  Lung- 
fever  (vulgarly),  (F.)  Inflammation  cles  poumons, 
Pierre  jyneumonique  ou  peri  pneumoni  que.  Fluxion 
de  poitrine.  Inflammation  du  parenehyme  ])ulmo- 
naire.  From  nvEvpwv,  'the  lung.'  The  chief 
symptoms  of  pneumonia  are  :  —  pyrexia,  accom- 
panied by  pain,  sometimes  obtuse,  at  others  pun- 
gent,— in  some  part  of  the  thorax  ;  pulse  more  or 
less  quick  and  hard,  according  to  the  violence 
and  extent  of  the  local  disorder;  pain,  aggrava- 
ted by  the  cough,  which,  with  dyspnoea,  exists 
throughout  the  disease.  At  first,  the  expectora- 
tion is  difficult  and  painful ;  but,  in  the  course  of 
a  few  days,  it  becomes  free,  and  the  oppression 
of  breathing  is  mitigated.  When  the  inflamma- 
tion, instead  of  going  off  by  resolution,  passes  on 
to  suppuration,  rigors  are  experienced:  the  re- 
spiration becomes  more  oppressed,  but  less  pain- 
ful, and  a  sense  of  weight  is  felt  in  one  of  the 
pleura?.  Pneumonia  may,  also,  terminate  by 
gangrene — but  this  rarely  happens, —  by  indura- 
tion and  by  hepatization. 

Physical  Signs.  First  Stage,  (F.)  Engoue- 
ment.  Diminution  of  the  sound  is  generally  ob- 
served over  the  affected  part  on  percussion;  aus- 
cultation exhibits  an  equal,  dry,  crepitating  rale, 
which  is  best  heard  at  the  close  of  a  deep  inspi- 
ration, and  on  coughing.  The  respiratory  mur- 
mur is  intermingled  with  the  crepitant  rale,  or  it 
may  be  absent.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
affected  parts  it  is  natural  or  puerile.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant  than  usual. 
Second  Stage,  (F.)  Hepatisation  rouge.  When 
hepatization  has  occurred,  the  motion  of  the  af- 
fected side  is  impeded,  and  immediately  above 
the  sternum  and  in  the  corresponding  triangular 
space  on  either  side,  there  is  often  an  evident 
depression.     Percussion  is  dull  over  the  affected 


part  in  every  position  of  the  patient.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  crepitation  is  found  to  be  replaced  by 
bronchial  respiration.  The  respiratory  murmur 
is  louder  in  the  other  portions  of  the  lung,  the 
voice  and  cough  are  more  resonant,  and  the 
heart's  action  is  more  distinct.  Third  Stack, 
(F.)  Hepatisation  grise.  When  suppuration  su- 
pervenes, the  same  signs  persist ;  but  usually  the 
voice  and  cough  are  less  resonant,  and  a  coarse^ 
mucous  rale  is  heard.  When  gangrenous  or  sup- 
purative cavities  are  formed,  they  present  the 
ordinary  signs. 

The  prognosis  must  be  guarded.  It  is  not  a 
disease  which  we  can  always  subdue.  Great  ex- 
tent of  inflammation  ;  very  considerable  oppres- 
sion; orthopncea,  and  difficult  expectoration  are 
unfavourable  symptoms.  The  most  active  treat- 
ment is  of  course  necessary.  General  bleeding 
forms  the  sheet  anchor, — employed  so  as  to  make 
a  decided  impression  on  the  system,  and  repeated, 
if  necessary;  local  blood-letting;  nauseating 
doses  of  antimonials;  purgatives:  and  when  the 
'  violence  of  the  inflammation  has  been  got  under, 

—  counter-irritants,  <fec.  Chronic  pneumonia 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute,  and,  at  others, 
occurs  accidentally.  It  must  be  managed  on 
general  principles.  Small  bleedings,  especially 
locally:  and  counter-irritants  of  all  kinds  are 
indicated. 

Pneumonia  Biliosa,  P.  bilious. 

Pneumonia,  Bil'ious,  P.  bilio'sa,  Pncumocho- 
lo'sis.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  accompanied 
by  gastric  fever,  and  not  uncommonly  by  typhoid 
symptoms; — Pneumotyphus,  Pueumo'nia  typho'i'- 
des  seu  typho'des  seu  typho'sa,  Putrid,  typ/toid, 
adynamic,  or  erysipel'atous  pneumo'nia. 

Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P.  bilious  —  p. 
Gangrenosa,  Xecropneumonia  —  p.  Hypostatics, 
Pneumonypostasis  —  p.  Intermittens.  Pneumoty- 
posis — p.  Lobular,  see  Lobular — p.  Xotha,  Peri- 
pneumonia notha — p.  Pleuritis,  Pleuropneumonia 
— p.  Putrid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Typhodes,  P.  bilious 

—  p.  Typhoid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Typhosa,  P.  bilious, 
Xecropneumonia — p.  Vesicular,  Bronchitis,  vesi- 
cular. 

PXEOIOXIC,  Pulmonic. 

PXEUMOX'ICA.  From  rvevpwv,  'the  lung.' 
Diseases  affecting  the  lungs,  their  membranes  or 
motive  power ;  characterized  by  irregular,  im- 
peded, or  painful  respiration.  The  second  order 
of  the  class  Pneumatica  of  Good. 

PXEOIOXIC'ULA,  diminutive  of  pneumonia. 
A  slight  inflammation  of  the  lung. 

PXEUMOXICUS,  Pulmonic. 

PXEUMOX1E,  Pneumonia  —  p.  Disseminee, 
see  Lobular  —  p.  Lobulaire,  see  Lobular — p.  Ma* 
melonnee,  see  Lobular. 

PXEUMOXIE  PES  AGOXISAXTS,  Pneu- 

monie    hypostatique.     The    hypera?mic   engorge* 

|i  ment,  which  takes  place  in  the  lungs  during  the 

last   moments   of  life,  has   been   so   termed.     It 

|i  would  seem  to  be  hyperemia  rather  than  inflam- 

jj  mation. 

PXEUMOXITTC,  Pneumonit'icus.  Of,  or  be- 
[■  longing  to  pneumonitis,  or  inflammation  of  the 
II  lungs. 

PXEOIOXITIS.  Pneumonia. 
PXEOIOXOCARCIXO'MA,     from     tvcvFw>, 
'the  lung,'  and  KapKivwfia,  'cancer.'     Cancer  of 
the  lungs. 

PXEUMOXOCE'LE.  from  -rvn^wv,  'the  lung,' 
and  kt]\tj,  'rupture.'     Hernia  of  the  lung. 

Pxeumonoce'le  Diaphragmat'ica  Inter'na. 
Hernia  of  the  lung  through  the  diaphragm. 

Pneumonocele  Exter'na  seu  Thorac"ica. 
Hernia  through  the  parietes  of  the  chest. 


PNEUMONCEDEMA 


31 


TODENCEPIIALUS 


PVBITVOHOCELI  Thoracica,  Pn.  externa. 
PNEUMONCEDEMA,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 
PNEUMONOMELANOSIS,  see  Melan 
PNEUMONOMETER,  Spirometer. 
PNEl  MONOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 
PNEUMONOPHTHOE,  Phthisis  polmonaiis. 
PNEUMONOPLEI  RE  SIS,    Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PNEUMONOPLEURITIS,     Pleuroperipneu- 
■ 
p.\  BUMONORRHAGIA,  Haemoptysis. 
PNEUMONORRH(EA,  Haemoptysis. 
PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS,  from  nvcv^v,  'the 
hin_-.'    and  ff*<ppuj,  '  iuduratiou.'     Induration  of 
the  lu 

PNEUMONOSES,  Pncumoses. 
PNEUMONY,  Pneumonia. 
PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS,  Pneumo'nia   hypo- 
Pneumonia  in  a  depending  portion  of 
the  lung,  caused  by  lying  on  the  back. 

PNEUMOPERICARDE,     Pneutno-  pericar- 
dium. 

PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM,     Pnenmo-peri- 

>  mato'sis  pericard'ii,  (F.)  Pnevmo- 

If.    from     wvtvfia,    'air,'    and    vtpinaphov, 

rdium.'      Laennec  designates,  under  this 

the  effusion  of  air  into  the  cavity  of  the 

pericardium. 

PNEUMOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 
PNEUMOPHYMATA,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
PNEUMOPLEURESIS,  l'leuroperipneumony. 
PNEUMOPTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

QMORRHAGIA,    Haemoptysis  —  p.  In- 
Baemato  thorax. 
PNEUMOSEPSIS,  Xecropneumonia. 
PNEUMOSES,  from  vvev^uv,  'the  lung.'     A 
term  under  which  Alibert  comprises  every  mor- 
bid affection  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOTHO'RAX,    J'»r„mn(ho'ra.r,    Pneu- 

matotho'rax,  Emphyte'ma  pec'toris,  Axthii>^ 

mm  seu  emphysetim-  ■  pnevmat'ica 

hysotho' rax,  Aerotho'rax, 

(Piorry),    from     -nvtv^n,    'air,'    and 

•the  thorax.'     An  accumulation  of  air  in 

tvity  of  the  pleura.     A  complaint  generally 

indden  in  its  invasion  and  fatal  in  its  character. 

In  many  instances,  along  with  the  air.  a  liquid  is 

i.  —  Ifydropuemiiothornx.      The  disease  may 

ataneoos  and  simple,  hut  in  a  large  pro- 

•    i-  complicated  with   pleurisy 

and    pulmonary  tubercles.     The    signs  vary  ac- 

Bording  as  there  is,  or  is  not,  a  communication 

u    the   pleura  and  the  bronchia.     The  af 

gives    a  hollow,   tympanitic    sound, 

even  where  the  thickness  of  the  parietes  of  the 

When  the  effusion  is  considi  r- 

able,  the  afl  -  dilated,  hut  there  is  no 

f  any  kind.     When  a  gaseous  and  a  liquid 

•i  are  present  at  the  same  time,  the  sound 

suasion  is  found  to  he  char  at  the  superior 

:  the  thorax,  hut  dull  inferiorly ;  henoe,  by 

position  of  the  patient,  and  by  eon- 

ce  that  of  the  contained  fluids,  t! 

of  the  clear  and  the  dull   sound   will   he  varied. 

When  effusion  is  owing  to  ;i  fistulous 

communication  between  tin-  pleura  and  bronchia, 

tallio  respiration  and  resonances  an'  beard  : 

and  it  and  liquid  effusion, 

with  a  fistulous   communication,  in  addition    to 

if  mftalliqne.    The 

presence  of  liquid  can  always  )>!•  ascertained  by 

SUCCtU  t  of   the  lungs. 

i  OMY,  Pneumotom'ia,  from  zvcvfiuv, 


•  the  lung,'  and  tc^vw,  'I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the 
Langs, 

1\\  BUMOTYPHUS,  Pneumonia,  typhoid. 

PNEUMOTYPO'SIS,  Pnewmo'nia  intermit- 
tent, from  avevawv,  'the  lung,'  and  rvnoi,  'a 
stamp,  a  type.'  Pneumonia  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

PNEUOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasis  pulmonum. 

PNEUSK  1BIOGNO8I8,  I1    itna.-ia  pulmonum. 

P.\i:i  BIOBIOSCOPE,  Doein  aaia  pulmonum. 

l'M:i  SIS,  Respiration— p.  Pertussis,  Pertus- 
sis—  ]..  Singultus.  Singultus  —  p.  Tui 

PNEDSOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNIGALION,  In.nl, u,. 

PNIGMOS,  Orthopncea,  Strangulation. 

PN  KJOPHOBIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Suflocalion. 

PNIX,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PXOE,  Aura. 

PN(EUM.  A  nostrum  of  Pr.  Samuel  Hahne- 
mann, the  founder  of  the  '  Homoeopathic  System,' 
which  consisted  —  it  is  said  —  of  borax  only! 

PNOOCOLYTICrs.  Asthmatic. 

POAD-MIPK,  Colostrum. 

POCHE  DES  EAUX,  see  Liquor  Amnii,  and 
Parturition. 

POCK,  from  Teut.  pocca,  'pock  or  little 
pouch.'    A  pustule  of  smallpox. 

Pock-arr,  Pock-mark,  see  Cicatrix  —  p.  Kinc, 
Vaccina. 

POCKFRETTEN,  see  Pockmark. 

POCKHOLE,  Pockmark. 

POCKMARK,  Porthole,  (Prov.)  Porl-.m-r, 
Scrobic'ulua  seu  Cicn'trix  Yari'olcp.  The  mark 
or  pit  or  pitting  left  from  a  smallpox  pustule. 
One  pitted  with  smallpox  is  said  to  be  port/retien 
or  pock/redden. 

POCKY.  Infected  with,  or  appertaining  to, 
\  or  resembling,  smallpox  or  syphilis. 

POCTLUM  ABSINTHIA'TUM.  This  was 
regarded,  in  remote  ages,  as  a  wholesome  beve- 
rage ;  the  abeinthium,  or  'wormwood,1  being  sup- 
posed to  act  as  an  antidote  to  drunkenness. 

Pocri.fM  Am ATORiiM,  Philter  —  p.  Diogenis, 
Palm  —  p.  Emeticum,  Goblet,  emetic. 

POD'AGRA,  Podarthri'tie,  Podorrheu'ma,  Po- 
dal'gia,  from  rrouj,  troiof,  '  the  foot,'  and  aypa, 
'seizure.'  Pain  which  attacks  the  feet.  Gout, 
situate  in  the  articulations  of  the  foot.  It  has, 
also,  been  used  in  a  more  extensive  signification 
synonymou>ly  with  govt. 

Podagra  Abbbbahs,  Gout,  (wandering)  —  p. 
Arthritis,  Gout  —  p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro- 
grade.) 

PODAGRARIA.  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  p. 
JSgopodium,  Lignstlcnn  podagraria. 

PODAfl'RIC,  Podaefrical,  Podaefricme,  Ar- 
thrit'icus,  Arthrit' ic,  Ootttv,  (F.)  Oovttt  n.r.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  gout.  Affected  with,  or 
liable  to  gout. 

PODALOIA,  Gout,  Podagra, 

PODALYRIA  TINCTORIA,  Soph  or  a  tinctoria. 

PODANENCEPHALIA,  see  Podenoepbalus. 

PODARTIIRITIS,  Podagra. 

PODARTIIROC'ACE,  from  novs,  ™?os,  'the 
foot.'  np^pov.  'nn  articulation,'  and  xaxoi,  'bad.' 
Caries  of  the  articulation  (if  the  foot. 

PODBNCEPHALIA,  sec  Podenoepbalus. 
P0DENCEPH'ALU8,  Podanemeeph'aliu,  from 

irovf,  roi^oj,  'the   foot.'  ami  xct^aXti,  'the  head.'      A 

monster  whose  brain  i.-  placed  outside  the  skull, 
ami  teems  to  he  supported  on  a  pedicle,  which 

I  the  summit  of  the  skull.      This  .-tat.'  of 


PODEX 


32 


POISON 


monstrosity  is  termed  Podaneneepha'lia,  or  more 
properly,  Podencepha'lia. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PODEX,  Anus,  Nates. 

PODCEDE'MA,  from  ttouj,  ttoSos,  'foot/  and  01- 
<^/7/xa,  'a  swelling.'     (Edema  of  the  foot. 

PODOL'OGY,  Podoloq"ia,  from  itovs,  nofios, 
'the  foot,' and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  A  description 
of  the  foot.     A  treatise  on  the  foot. 

PODOPHYLLUM  PELTA'TUM,  Podophyl- 
lum, AnapodophyW urn  Canadense,  May-apple, 
Mandrake.  Ord.  BerberidaceEe.  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
andria  Monogynia;  from  novs,  noSos,  'a  foot,'  and 
(PvWov,  '  a  leaf,'  in  reference  to  the  shape  of  the 
leaf.  A  common  plant  throughout  North  America. 
The  fruit  is  eatable,  and  esteemed  by  many.  The 
leaves  are  said  to  be  poisonous.  The  root  or 
rhizoma,  Podophyllum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  purgative 
in  the  dose  of  20  grains.  It  has  also  been  used 
as  an  anthelmintic. 

Podophyllum  Monta'num,  Mountain  May-ap- 
ple, Mandrake,  Wild  Lemon,  Duclcsfoot,  Raccoon 
Berry,  Yelloio  Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the 
same  properties. 

PODORRHEUMA,  Podagra. 

PODOTHE'CA,  from  vovs,  ttoSos,  'a  foot,'  and 
Bnxr),  'a  receptacle,  a  sheath.'  The  cuticle  of  the 
foot.  An  anatomical  preparation.  Ghirothe'ca, 
has  been  used  for  the  cuticle  of  the  hand. 

POELETTE,  Cup,  Palette. 

POE'PHAGUS,  from  -non,  or  voa,  'a  plant,  an 
herb,'  and  (payii>,  'I  eat.'  One  who  subsists  on 
herbs  or  vegetables.  The  act  of  subsisting  or 
feeding  on  herbs  or  vegetables  is  called  Po'e- 
phag"ia.     Hence  Strabo  calls  the  Irish  -or)<payoi. 

POGON,  Beard. 

POGONI'ASIS,  Pogo'nia,  from  ™ywv,  'the 
beard.'  A  female  beard.  Also,  great  strength 
or  quantity  of  beard.  A  female  having  a  beard 
—  Vira'f/o. 

POGO'NIUM,  rreoyomov,  diminutive  of  Jrwywr, 
'beard.'     A  weak  or  small  beard. 

POGONOL'OGY,  Pogonqlog"ia,  from  irwywv, 
'a  beard,'  and  Aoyo?,  'a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of,  or  treatise  on,  the  beard. 

POGOSTEMON  INTERMEDIUS,  P.  Pat- 
chouli. 

Pogoste'mon  Patchouli,  P.  Suavis  seu  inter- 
tne'diua,  Pucha-Pat,  Patchouli.  Nat.  Ord.  La- 
biate. Native  of  Penang  and  the  Malayan  pe- 
ninsula. The  oil  is  used  as  a  perfume.  The  dis- 
tilled oil  is  used  for  the  same  purpose. 

Pogostemon  Suavis,  P.  Patchouli. 

POHON  ANTIAR,  Upas  — p.  Upas,  Upas. 

POL  A  favourite  aliment  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  It  is  a  sort  of  paste  made  from  the  root 
of  the  Kalo  —  Arum  esculen'tum. 

POLDS  ET  ME  SERES,  Weights  and  mea- 
sures. 

POIGNEE,  Manipulus. 

POLGNET,  Carpus. 


POTL,  Galactocele,  Hair. 

POILETTE,  Cup. 

POILS,  see  Typha  latifolia. 

POING,  Fist. 

POINT,  Stitch. 

Point,  Blistering.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Rush  to  an  indeterminate  period  in  the  course 
of  a  continued  fever,  intermediate  between  the 
stages  of  high  excitement  and  collapse, 'in  which 
blisters  will — he  thought  —  usually  produce  un- 
equivocally good  effects. 

POINT  DE  COTS',  Pleurodynia. 

POINTS  LAGRYMAUX,  Lachrymalia 
pun  eta. 

POIRE,  see  Pyrus  communis. 

POIBEAU,  Allium  porrum,  Verruca. 

POIBIER,  Pyrus  communis. 

POIS,  Pisum — p.  d  Cautere,  see  Fonticulus — 
p.  Chiche,  Cicer  arietinum — p.  Cultive,  Pisum — 
p.  d  Gratter,  Dolichos  pruriens — p.  Patate,  Doli- 
chos  tuberosus. 

POISON,  Phar'macon,  Phar'macum,  Tox'icnm 
Yene'num,  Virus,  Delete' 'rivm,  Yenena'tion,  (F.) 
Poison.  A  generic  name  for  all  substances  which, 
when  introduced  into  the  animal  economy,  either 
by  cutaneous  absorption,  respiration,  or  the  di- 
I  gestive  canal,  act  in  a  noxious  manner  on  the 
vital  properties  or  the  texture  of  organs.  Hence 
we  speak  of  fever  poison,  cholera  poison,  &c. 
Poisons  exist  in  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature; 
but  those  which  proceed  from  animals  are  often 
called  venoms,  as  the  venom  of  the  viper,  scor- 
pion, tarantula,  &c. ;  whilst  those  that  are  the 
products  of  disease  have  the  name  virus.  In 
common  parlance,  therefore,  poison  is  restricted 
to  deleterious  articles,  furnished  by  the  mineral 
and  vegetable  kingdoms.  Orfila  has  divided  poi- 
sons into  four  classes.  1.  Acrid,  Ir'ritating, 
Corro'sive,  or  Escharot'ic,  such  as  the  concen- 
trated acids  and  alkalies :  mercurial,  arseniacal, 
cupreous,  and  antimonial  compounds,  canthari- 
des,  &c.  2.  Narcot'ic  ;  those  that  act  particu- 
larly upon  the  brain  ;  as  hyoscyamus,  opium,  &c, 
but  without  inflaming  the  organ  with  which  they 
come  in  contact.  3.  Narcot'ico-Acrid  or  Acro- 
narcot'ic  :  —  those  that  act  on  the  brain,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  irritate  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied ;  as  aconite,  belladonna,  &c.  4.  Sep- 
tic or  Putrescent;  —  those  furnished  by  the 
animal  kingdom.  See  Venom  and  Virus.  Va- 
rious classifications,  of  a  similar  character,  have 
been  recommended  by  different  toxicologists  ;  but 
they  are  liable  to  the  objection,  that  they  throw 
substances  together  whose  physiological  action 
on  the  system  is  very  different.  It  is,  indeed, 
difficult  to  avoid  unnatural  compression  of  mat- 
ters into  places  not  properly  belonging  to  them, 
in  all  such  arrangements. 

The  following  table,  which  exhibits  a  coup  d'ceil 
of  the  chief  poisons,  with  most  of  the  circum- 
stances of  importance  connected  with  them,  is 
not  free  from  these  objections 


roisoxs 


3  3 


roisoxs 


TUSIE    EXHIBITING    THE   SYMPTOMS,  TREATMENT,  AND  MODE   OF    DETECTING 
THE  VARIOUS  POISONS,  MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND  ANIMAL. 

N.  B.  In  all  eatee  the  Stomaek-Pump  tkould  u  possible. 

I.   INORGANIC    POISONS. 


.V   : 

Acid. 
Arid. 

Acid. 

Sulphuric  Acid. 
Tartaric  Acid. 

Oia/ir 


Acid. 


Bitter  Al- 
monds. 


Laurel  Water. 


M.K  ILIESand 
Hi  ir  SALTS. 

A  MM   'M  >.. 

'  of. 

of  Am- 
monia or  Sal 
Ammoniac. 

it  \. 

|  Cauftir 

i      ami  Liquor  Po- 
tasni. 


The  acids,  generally,  are 
strong  corrosive  poisons, 
Sour,  acrid  last",  burning 
in  iIh-  throat,  w  hich  is  in* 
creased  by  pressurr*.  sw  si- 
Inn  ing,  or  coughing  ;  eruc- 
tation, and  excru  iating 
pain  in  the  stomach ;  more 
or  leas  corrugation  of  the 
lining  membranes  of  the 
mouth  ami  prima'  viss ;  ex- 
coriation about  the  mouth 
or  such  other  parts  of  the 
>kiu  as  the  acid  may  have 
touched.  The  matter  vo. 
mited  effervesces  with  car- 
bonate of  lime.  The  coun- 
tenance becomes  glazed,  ex- 
tremities cold  and  clammy  ; 
convulsions  and  death.  Ni- 
tric acid  occasions  yellow 
stains,  and  sulphuric  acid, 
black. 


Is  a  sedative  poison  ;  nau- 
sea, giddiness,  debility,  hur- 
ried puis  >  weight  and  pain 
in  the  hea  I  :  eructations 
having  the  flavour  of  the 
acid  :  spasms,  tetanus,  con- 
tractile  pupil;  convulsions, 
death. 


Treatment. 


The  carbonates  of  soda, 
potassa,  lime  and  magne- 
sia   are  all  antidotes  to  the 

acids;  calcined  magnesia 
also.  They  are  to  be  used 
with  the  follow  ing  restric- 
tions :  for  the  bo  tic,  citric, 

muriatic,  sulphuric,  and 
tartaric  acids  the)  may  he 
used  indiscriminately.  For 
the  nunc  ami  oxalic,  car- 
bonates of  magnesia  and 
lime  can  alone  be  employed 
w  nli  safety.  In  the  case  of 
sulphuric  acid,  water  should 
not  he  drunk,  on  account 
of  the  greal  heat  \\  hich  is 
produced  by  their  mixture. 
Subsequent  inflammation 
to   be   treated  by  ordinary 

means 

The  carbonates  of  the  al- 
kalies and  of  magnesia  and 

lime  have  the  inconve- 
nience, that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  gas  is  extricated  in 
the  stomach. 

Ammonia  is  an  antidote- 
hut  it  should  not  he  em- 
ployed in  a  very  concen- 
trated form.  Liquid  chlo- 
rine has  also  been  found 
efficacious.  The  cold  dour  he 
to  the  bead  has  been  re- 
commended. 


Violent,  caustic,  acrid 
taste;  great  h  at  in  the 
throat,  with  destruction  of 
its  hniiiL'  membrane ;  diffi- 
cult and  painful  degluti- 
tion ;  vomiting  of  bloody 
matter,  which  turns  the 
\  ellow  of  turmeric  brown  ; 
acute  pain  in  the  Btnmach  ; 
eld  sweats,  weakness,  hic- 
cough ;  violent-  colic  pains, 
with  pursing  of  bloody 
stools  and  membranous 
(lakes ;  death. 


of  Po-       The    nitrate   of   potassa 
/  ■  nri   win  not  manifest  thi 


A$h.   and    Salt 

"  ir. 

.Yitratr  of  Potns- 
'pitrc. 

Sulphur 

Vtr  of  5 


EARTHS 


with  turmeric  paper.     The 

carbonates,  w  I vomited. 

will  effervesce  with  acids : 
ami  the  liver  of  sulphur 
will  give  rise  to  eructations 
of  sulphuretted  bydi 


i    tn    those    of 


COMPOUNDS,     the  corrosive  metals      Vio- 
lent   burning    in    the   ito- 
Bvrvii.         mach,     vomiting,     gripes, 
liarrbosa  ;    excessive   mus- 

Carina! f  of  Ba-    cular      debility,     headache, 
rtfta.  ilsioni    death        Lime 

differs  from  bar)  ta  in  being 

Chloitdr    of    Fa-    a  pure  irritant. 


Sfttratr     *f    Ba- 
L^a. 


The  vegetable  acids,  such 
as  vinegar,  lemon  juice, 
citric  and  tartaric  acid  in 
solution    are    antidotes    to 

the  alkalies  and  their  car- 
bonates      The    fixed    oils. 

such  as  castor,  lii  seed,  al- 
mond and  olive,  form  soaps 
with  t lie  free  alkalies,  and 
therefor  destroy  their  caus- 
tic effects. 


Poisoning  by  nitrate  of 
potassa  to  !>"  treated  on  ge- 
neral antiphlogistic  princi- 
ples :  mucilaginous  dunks. 

Liver  of  sulphur  is  said 
to  be  decomposed  and  neu- 
tralized   l>v   con >n    salt. 

The  liquid  chloride  of  soda 

will  also  decompose  it. 


Ti  BTS. 


Sulphuric   acid   is   known    hy   a 


,11 


of  baryta,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Itie    acid    is    known    hy   a 

white  precipitate  n  ith  nitrate  of 
silver,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
w  hich  turns  black  by  the  a<  lion 
of  light. 

.Yilric  arid  giVCfl  rise  to  orange- 
coloured    fumes,    when    copper    is 

placed  in  it.  ami  an  ability  tn 
dissolve  gold  when  mixed  with 
muriatic  acid. 

Acrtic  acid  exhales  the  odour  of 
vinegar. 

(V/vrnri'/hlackeiisw  hen  heated. 

Tartaric   acid  pie<  ipi I ates  <  i    p. 

tals.  w  ith  a  solution  of  potassa  : 

and  a  w  hite  precipitate  i-  throw  n 
down   by   lime-w  ater. 

Oralic  acid  gives  a  w  hite  preci- 
pitate   With     lime-water,    which. 

v.  hen    heated,  is  converted  into 

carbonate  of  lime. 


Prns.*ic  acid  exhales  the  nrlour 
of  peach  kernels;  forms  a  while 
precipirate  with  nitrate  of  silver 
neutralized  with  an  alkali,  gives 
a  blue  precipitate  with  the  per- 
salts  of  iron. 


The     BUlphatee     Of    soda 
and    magnesia    are    prompt 

and  effective  amid 
all  the  poisonous  salts  nf 
baryta.  Phosphate 
will  also  counteract  their 
Lime  may  be  net!- 
1  by  dilute  acids 
( '.irhoinc  acid  in  soda  w  a- 
ter  effervescing  draught  or 
\  east,  it   is  supposed,  would 

anawer  a  good  purpose. 
The  tixeii  oils  may  lie  em- 
ployed either  for  baryta  or 

lime,  when  not  in  a  com- 
pound state. 


The  alkalies  are  known  by 
their  action  on  turmeric  paper: 
restoring  the  colour  of  litmus, 
w Inch  has  been  reddened  by  an 
acid. 

Carbonates  are  known  by  th'ir 
effervescence  with  an  acid:  some 
of  them  affect  the  turmeric  paper 
Sal  ammoniac  rives  ont  the  pun- 
gent odour  of  ammonia,  when 
mixed  with  quicklime. 


Nitrate  of  potassa  decrepitate* 
and  deflagrates  when  thrown  on 
hot  coals. 

Liver  of  sulphur  emits  the  odour 

Of  sulphuretted  hydros  >n  w  hen 
dissolved,  or  when  treated  with 
an  acid. 


Baryta  ami  its  salt*  invariably 

give  a  w  hite  precipitate,  insoluble 
in  acid,  with  a  soluble  sulphate. 

Lime,  a  hen  dissolved,  gh  ea  n 
white  precipitate  with  oxalic  acid. 
Men  with  carbonic  and  or  a 
soluble  carbonate.  The  same  <if 
baryta. 


roisoxs 


3  4 


roisoxs 


Poisons. 


ALCOHOL. 

Brandy.  IVines, 
and  all  Spirit- 
uous Liquors. 


Symptoms. 


Intoxication,  and  when 
taken  very  freely,  complete 
insensibility,  with  apo- 
plexy or   paralysis  of  one 

side;  the  countenance  swol- 
len and  of  a  dark-red  co- 
lour;  the  hreathine  diffi- 
cult, and  often  stertorous. 
with  a  peculiar  puffin!i  o  it 
of  the  lips;  the  breath  smells 
of  liquor,  which  will  dis- 
tinguish the  symptoms  from 
those  of  spontaneous  apo- 
plexy. 


VOLATILE 
OILS. 

Creosote. 

Dip  pel's   Animal 
Oil. 

Oil  of  Tar. 

Oil  of  Tobacco. 

OH  of  Turpentine. 

Fusel  Oil. 


GASES. 

Carhonic  Arid,  or 
Fixed  Air. 

Carbonic  Oxide. 

Fumes   of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal. 

Chlorine. 

Sulphuretted  Hy- 
drogen. 


IODINE. 

Iodide  of    Potas- 
sium. 


METALS. 

Antimony. 

Tartar  Emetic. 

Chloride.,  or  But- 
ter  of  Antimony. 

Oxide     of    Anti- 
mony. 


Treatment. 


General  action,  that  of 
irritant  poisons.  Burning 
pain,  vomiting,  puneent 
taste  pursing  &c.  The  oils 
of  turpentine  and  tobacco 
affct  the  nervous  system  ; 
the  peculiar  odour  of  each 
oil  will  be  manifested  in 
the  matter  vomited. 


A  powerful  emetic  of 
white  vitriol,  or  tartar  eme- 
tic, slmiilii  be  got  into  the 
stomach  a«  soon  as  possi- 
ble; and  if  the  person  has 
lost  the  power  of  swallow- 
ing, a  flexible  catheter  or 
tubesho  Id  he  the  means  of 
convpying  it  thither  The 
vomiting  should  he  encou- 
raged as  much  as  possible 
with  warm  water;  and  large 
and  active  clysters  of  salt 
and  water  should  be  thrown 
up.  The  patient  should  be 
placed  erect,  and  if  the 
countenance  and  other  ap- 
pearances he  not  improved 
after  thesp  means  have  been 
used,  the  jugular  vein  may 
he  opened,  and  cold  wet 
cloths  applied  to  the  head, 
particularly  if  the  body  be 
hotter  than  natural  If  the 
extremities  become  cold, 
warmth  and  friction  should 
be  perseverinely  used. 


Oreasote  is  immediately 
coagulated  by  albumen 
j  Dippel's  animal  oil  mav  be 
counteracted  with  dilute 
acids  and  the  fixed  oils. 
The  other  oils  have  no  par- 
ticular antidotes,  and  their 
effects  must,  therefore,  be 
counteracted  upon  general 
principles. 


Chlorine  produces,  when 
inhaled,  violent  irritation 
of  the  organs  of  respira- 
tion ;  cough,  bloody  expec- 
toration, inflammation  of 
the  hums,  and  permanent 
pulmonary  disease  The 
other  gases,  although  pro- 
duci'irr  some  effect  on  the 
respiratory  organs,  act  as 
poisons,  in  consequence  of 
their  sedative  agency.  The 
symptoms,  therefore,  are 
those  of  apoplexy,  or  nar- 
cotic poise-nine. 


Irritant  symptoms:  burn- 
in?  pain  in  the  throat,  lace- 
ratine  pain  in  the  stomach, 
and  fruitless  efforts  to  vo- 
mit; suftision  of  the  eyes; 
excessive  pain  and  tender- 
ness of  the  epigastrium. 


The  antidotes  to  chlorine 
are  the  cautious  inhalation 
of  ammonia,  or  sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  from 
chlorine  to  be  treated  on 
eeneral  principles.  For  the 
other  rases,  cold  affusions 
to  the  head,  blood-letting, 
artificial  respiration. 


Tests. 


Iodine  combines  with 
starch,  and  forms  an  insolu- 
ble compound.  The  prompt 
administration  of  starch, 
wheat  flour,  or  other  veee- 
table  matter  containing  fe- 
cula,  beat  up  in  water,  is 
recommended.  Iodide  of 
potassium  has  no  antidote. 
Vomitine  should  be  pro- 
moted by  draughts  of  warm 
water,  and  inflammation  be 
subdued  by  general  treat- 
ment. 


Vomitine.  If  vomitine  If  vomitine  have  not  been 
do  not  occur  promptly,  vio-  produced,  it  should  be 
lent  irritant  effects  are  i  brought  about  by  tickline 
produced.  Rurnine  pain  in  the  fauces,  and  adminis- 
the  pit  of  the  stomach  ;  |  terine  copious  drauehts  of 
Pureine:  colicky  pains,  j  warm  water.  Astrineent 
sense  of  tightness  in  the  infusions,  such  as  of  calls, 
|  throat,  violent  cramps;  re-  oak  bark.  Peruvian  bark, 
peated  recurrence  of  vomit-  act  as  antidotes,  and  should 
be  eiven  promptly ;  pow- 
dered yellow  hark  may  be 
used,  until  the  infusion  is 
prepared. 


No  better  mode  of  recoenizins 
these  substances  exists,  than  that 
derived  from  their  peculiar  odour 
Dippel's  oil  has  the  pungent  odour 
of  ammonia  ;  creasote  and  oil  of 
tar,  a  peculiar  smell  of  smoke; 
the  odour  of  tobacco  and  turpen- 
tine are  well  known;  and  fusel 
oil  has  a  peculiar,  offensive,  suf- 
focating odour. 


Chlorine  is  recoenized  by  its 
peculiar  odour  and  bleachinp  pro- 
perties. Sulphuretted  hydroeeo. 
by  its  fetid  smell,  and  the  rapid 
blackening  of  lead.  Carbonic 
acid,  by  its  occasionine  turhid- 
ness  in  lime-water  placed  in  its 
atmosphere.  Carbonic,  oxide,  by 
the  blue  colour  of  its  flame. 


Iodine  is  known  by  its  odour, 
and  the  formation  of  a  blue  pre- 
cipitate, when  broueht  in  contact 
with  a  cold  solution  of  starch. 
Iodide  of  potassium  eives  a  crys- 
talline precipitate,  with  tartaric 
acid  in  excess.  The  supernatant 
fluid  will  give  the  blue  colour  to 
starch. 


Antimony  in  solution  is  best 
distinguished  by  the  peculiar 
oraneered  precipitate,  which  it 
forms  with  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen or  solutions  of  the  hydrosirl- 
pha*es.  Free  alkalies  produce 
white  precipitates.  The  muriate 
is  known  by  a  white  precipitate. 
when  it  is  poured  into  water 
In  its  solid  forms,  it  may  be  known 
by  the  formation  of  white  fumes, 
when  heated,  which  redden  lit- 
mus. It  may  also  be  converted 
into  chloride,  and  then  precipi- 
tated bv  adding  water. 


POISONS 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


Symptoms. 


Arsknic. 

Ar$rnious     Arid, 
.irfi  inc. 

Orptmen 

SmJpkmret 

of  .Ir- 
Ye  How. 

'  Rfnl(r,r.  or   Red 

i  ret       of 

'IIC. 

icder. 

Foxier  i 

'  Arsenical   Paste. 

Arsenical  Soap. 

Arscnite  of  Cop- 
per, 
Stktcles  Oreen. 


Violent  burning  pain  in 
the  region  of  iii».'  stomach 
ami  bowels ;  tenderness  on 
pressure;  retching:  vomit- 

M    am! 

lightness  in  the  throat : 
thirst ;  boarsi  bcm  ami  ditli- 
cultv  of  speech ;  the  matter 
vomited,  greenish  or  yel- 
low i.-h.  sometimes  streaked 
uiiii  Mood  ;  diarrheas  :  te- 
nesmus  ;  sometimei  excoi  i- 
alioii  of  the  SUUS ;  urinary 

organs  occasionally  affected 
with  violent  burning  pains 
and  suppression  ;  convul- 
sions ami  cramps ;  clammy 
sweats  ;  li\  iditj  of  the  ex- 
tremities ;  countenance  col- 
lapsed ;  eves  red  and  spar- 
kling; delirium ;  death. 


Treai MINI 


Tin'  bydrated  peroxide  of 
iron  diffused  through  wa- 
ter :  or  the  precipitated  car 
bonate;  or  the  rubigo  ferri, 
in  v.  r>  fine  powder,  to  be 
administered  every  five  or 
ten  minutes,  until  relief  is 
obtained.  Tins  is  particu- 
lar!) efficacious  when   the 

irhitc  arffnir  ha*  been  s\\  al- 
loued.      If  Ibe  arsmic  have 

I.  ■  n  taken  in  the  form 
of  Fowler's  Solution,  lime- 
water,  in  copious  draughts, 

may  be   given,      For  either 

of  the  other  forms,  em<  ti<  t 

\>(  sulphate  of  sine ;  dilu- 
ents ;  demulcents,  such   a> 

flaxseed  tea.  iiit'nsion  of 
slippery  elm.  <fcc.  Counter- 
irritants  may  he  used  to  re 
jieve  the  spasm,  and  violent 
pain  in  the  stomach.  Bleed- 
ing, as  promoting  absorp- 
tion, should  not  he  em- 
ployed until  the  stomach  is 
completely  evacuated. 


Bisinrra. 

jYitrate    of   Bis- 
mutn. 

Peart  Powder. 

Hismuth.  I 

n  r. 

Snlphat' 

Blue  Vitrtol. 
tcetateej 

rrr.;>_ 

i  of  Cop- 
per, 

rditrr. 

irirmtr  of  Copper 

|  Srherle*  Green. 

oked    in 

dirty evpptr  tea- 

I    pickles 

mi dr    green    by 

copper. 


Similar  to  those  produced 
from  other  irritant  poisons. 
General     inflammation    of 

the  whole  alimentary  canal; 
suppression  o|  urine ;  hic- 
cough, disagreeable  metal- 
lic taste;  vomiting;  cramp>; 
delirium  :  death. 

Very  similar  to  those  pro- 
dined  by  arsenic.  Coppery 
eructations  and  taste  Fa- 
tal  cases  are  generally  ter- 
minated by  com 
palsy,  insensibility. 


Milk,  and  oweet  mucila- 
ginous drinks  are  recom- 
mended. Leeches,  general 
bleeding  ;  glysters ;  fomen- 
tations to  he  employed  on 
Hi-    general   principles  of 

treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 


Albumen   to  he   adminis- 
tered in  either  of  its  f.>rms 

w  huh  can  be  most  readily 
obtained,  as  milk  or  whites 
of  eggs.  Vineear  should 
not  he  L'iven.  The  inflam- 
matory BJ  Diptoms  are  to  he 
treated  <«>  general  princi- 
ples, and  so  of  the  nervous. 


If  the  suspected  subsist 

he  obtained    free    in rganir 

matter,  the    presence   of  arsenic 
in n\  reai  ii>  be  show  n  bj  I 
it  in  distilled  »  ater,  fillet  in| 
testing  \\  ith,    1st.      Amnioniaco- 
sulphate  of  copper.     -2t\.   Ammo. 

niaco  nitrate   of   silver,      iHiuiie'.- 
d.   Sulphuretted    li\ 

■as   The  first  m  ill  produce 
ptei  ipitate  ;  second,  n  /<  i/< 

precipitate  ;  third,  a 

precipitate,  if  aisenic  on  pi 

A  portion  of  the  poa  ler,  or  one  of 

these  precipitates,  carefully  ami 
thoroughly   dried,  is   then  "to   be 
mixed   with   charcoal   and 
cated   carbonate   of  soda,   to    he 
placed  in  a  small  glass  tube  closed 

at  one  end,  and  then  to  he  Ik  ale 
lo  a  led  heat  in  the  (lame  of  a 
lamp.  The  arsenic  will  he  re- 
duced, ami  sublime  in  the  upp<  i 
part  of  the  tube,  forming  a  dark 
crust,  having  considerable  lustre 
on  ii-  exterior  surface,  reselll- 
bling  polished  steel.  By  gentlj 
heating  this  crust  i,i  a  v<  ry  Binall 
flame,  crystals  of  white  arsenic 
will  he  formed,  having  a  high 
adamantine  lustre. 

[f  organic  matter  he  present,  it 
must  he  entirely  destroyed,  h> 
beating  the  substance  with  nitro 

muriatic  acid.  After  this  has  been 
done,  ami  a  clear,  transparent  so- 
lution in  distilled  water  has  been 
obtained,  the  subsequent  process 

i-  BS  above  indicated.    |far« 
acid    he   submitted   to   the    action 
of  nascent   hydrogen,  it   i- 
idized,  and  the  metallic  ai 
thereby  obtained,  combining  «  ith 
hydrogen,  forms  arsenureited  hy- 
drogen pas.    (Marsk'a  Test.) 

Add  lo  a  suspected  solution  a 
few  drops  of  pure  cblorohydric 
acid,  and  place  in  it  a  slip  of  bright 
copper;  no  change  occurs  until 
the  liquid  is  brought  to  the  boiling 
point.  When,  if  arsenic  be  prevent, 
even  in  small  quantity,  the  copper 
acquires  an  iron-gray  coating, 
from  the  deposit  of  that  metal. 
RemoVe  the  slip  of  copper;  wash 
it  in  water,  dry  it  and  gradually 
heat  it  in  a  reduction  tube  when 
araenioUB    acid    will    he   sublimed 

in    minute   octohedral    crystals. 

The  test  succeeds  a  ith  powdered 

arsenic, the  arsenites,  arsenic  arid, 
the  aiseniates.  and  orpiment.  It 
will  even  separate  the  arsenic 
from  arsenite  of  copper,  and  from 
common  lead-shot.    heinscltsTsst. 

Bismuth  is  known  by  the  forma- 
tion of  a  white  precipitate,  when 
its  solution  in  nitric  acid  is 
poured  into  water ;  and  by  the 
formation  of  a  black  precipitate 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas, 
and  bydrosulpbates  m  solution. 


The  presence  of  copper  is  rea- 
dily shown  in  solutions.  Hv 
ammonia  a  beautiful  bluish  preci- 
pitate is  thrown  down,  which 
dissolves  I,,  ,-,,,  excess  •  ■(  the  pre 
cipitant,  and  the  solution  has  a 
rich  blue  colour.  A  brighl  iron 
bar.  introduced  into  solutions  of 

copper,  occasions  the  sepa 

of  the  copper,  in  a  metallic  form 
which  deposits  itself  upon  the 
iron. 


POISONS 


3  6 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


Gold. 
Chloride  of  Gold. 


Fulmitiatii 

Gold. 


Sv.Mno.Ms 


Very  analogous  to  those 
of  other  irritant  poisons. 
This  suhstance  communi- 
cates a  pink  stain  to  the 
flesh,  and  patches,  of  thai 
colour  may  he  found  abont 
the  lips,  and  inside  the 
mouth. 


Iron. 


Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 

.    ning;    colic    pains,  con- 

Sulphaie  of  Iron,  slant vomiting  and  purging. 

Coppems.  Violent  pain  in  the  throat. 

Grtea  Vitriol,    j  tension  of  the  epigastrium. 

coldness   of  the   skin,  and 

Chloride  of  Iron,    feebleness  of  the  pulse. 


Treatment. 


Lead 

Acetate  of  Lead. 

Sugar  of  Lead. 

Carbonate  of  Lead. 

ff'aite  Lead. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 

Lead. 

Litharge. 

iVincs   sweetened 

by  Lead. 
Water  wliich  has 
been  kept  in 
Leaden  vessels. 
Acid  food,  cooked 
or  left  standing 
i 'i  vessels  glazed 
uith  Lead. 

Mercury. 

Corrosive    Subli- 

mate. 

Cyanide  of  Mer- 
cury. 

Nitrate   of  Mer- 
cury. 

j  While  Precipitate. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Precipitate. 

Sulphate,  or  Tur 
bith  Mineral. 

Vermilion. or  Red 
Snip  hu  ret. 


Silver. 

Nitrate  of  Silver, 
or  Lunar  Caus- 
tic. 


Tin. 
Chloride  of  Tin 
Solution    of    Tin, 
used  by  Dyers. 

Oxide  of  Tin.  or 
!     Putty  Powder. 


Zinc. 

Sulphate  if  Zinc. 
White  Vitriol. 

Acetate  of  Zinc. 


Irritation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal ;  spasm  ;  nervous 
symptoms ;  paralysis,  either 
partial  or  complete.  When 
taken  for  some  time,  in 
small  quantity,  violent  and 
obstinate  colic  :  rigidity  of 
abdominal  muscles. cramps: 
remission  of  pain  ;  obsti- 
nate constipation,  urine  di- 
minished, saliva  increased  ; 
countenance  anxious  and 
gloomy.  If  relief  be  not 
promptly  obtained,  giddi- 
ness.  debility,  torpor,  coma, 
convulsions  and  death.  The 
paralysis  affects  generally 
the  upper  extremities. 

Violent  symptoms  of  irri- 
tant poisoning;  harsh  me- 
tallic astringent  taste;  burn- 
in?  pain  in  the  stomach : 
vomiting  and  purging  fre- 
quently of  bloody  matter; 
often  irritation  of  the  uri- 
nary organs,  and  sometimes 
suppression  ;  lightness  and 
burning  in  the  throat,  occa- 
sionally so  great  as  to  pre- 
vent speech:  countenance 
not  always  pale',  but  some- 
times flushed;  tendency  to 
doze:  stupor,  convulsions 
and  death. 


Those  of  other   irritant 
poisons. 


The  salts  of  gold  are  de- 
composed by  sulphate  of 
iron  ;  and  tins  has.  there- 
fore, been  recommended  as 
an  antidote.  Inflammatory 
symptoms  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles. 


Carbonate  of  sola  would 
be  a  most  excellent  anti- 
dote to  either  of  these 
substances.     Mucilaginous 

drinks  might  also  be  em- 
ployed; and  particular  symp- 
toms relieved  by  general 
treatment. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  and 
phosphate  of  Boda  are  both 
good  antidotes  for  the  solu- 
ble salts  of  lead.  For  the 
solid  forms,  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  may  he  drunk.  These 
are  applicable  to  the  irri- 
tant forms  of  poisoning  by 
lead.  In  the  chronic  form, 
or  colica  pictonum,  purga- 
tives and  anodynes  ate  re- 
sorted to  ;  venesection  ;  and 
external  applications  to  re- 
lieve the  cramps.  The  use 
of  strychnia  is  recommended 
for  the  paralysis. 


Albumen,  in  some  form, 
must  be  promptly  adminis- 
tered; either  white  of  eggs 
beaten  up  with  water,  milk, 
or  wheat  flour  beaten  up. 
The  inflammatory  symp- 
toms to  be  counteracted  by 
the  usual  means.  Gold, 
finely  mixed  in  dust,  with 
fine  iron  filings.  (?) 


Chloride  of  sodium,  or 
common  salt,  immediately 
decomposes  this  substance, 
and  destroys  its  activity. 
Antiphlogistic  treatment  is 
to  be  employed  for  the  in- 
flammatory symptoms. 


The  same  as  those  from  Milk  to  be  given  copWis- 

other  irritant  poisons,  and  ly.     and     the    subsequent 

a  peculiar  tanned    appear-  treatment  to    be   regulated 

ance  of  the  villous  coat  of  by  the  symptoms, 
the  stomach. 


Violent  vomiting;  astrin-  The  vomiting  may  he  re- 
gent taste,  burning  pain  in  lieved  by  copious  draughts 
the  stomach;  pale  connte-  of  warm  water.  Carbonafe 
nance;  cold  extremities;  of  soda,  administered  in  so- 
dull  eyes:  fluttering  pulse,  hition.  will  decompose  the 
Death  seldom  ensues,  in  sulphate  of  zinc.  Milk  and 
consequence  of  the  emetic  albumen  also  act  ns  anti- 
eff  cts.  dot's.      General    principles 

to  he  observed  in  the  subse- 
quent treatment. 


Chloride  of  gold  is  very  readily 
decomposed,  and  the  gold  sepa- 
rated in  a  metallic  state.  Proto- 
sulphate  of  iron,  nitrate  of  silver 
and  protochloride  of  tin.  all  an- 
swer this  purpose.  The  precipi- 
tated powder  will  be  found  insolu- 
ble, except  in  uitro-niuriaiic  acid. 

Iron  is  recognised  bv  a  bluish- 1 
black  precipitate,  with  tincture 
of  galls;  rich  blue,  with  prussiate 
of   potassa  ;   and   a   greenish    or 

reddish  precipitate,  with  the  free 
alkalies  or  their  carbonates. 


Soluble  salts  of  lead  yield  a 
white  precipitate  with  sulphates 
and  carbonates  in  solution.  Salts 
of  chromic  acid  and  iodide  of  po- 
tassium occasion  a  yellow  preci- 
pitate. Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
a  black  precipitate.  If  solid,  the 
lead  may  be  converted  into  a 
state  of  solution  by  nitric  acid, 
and  the  dilute  solution  be  tested 
as  above. 


The  free  alkalies  differ  in  their 
precipitates  from  solutionsof  mer- 
cury. Potassa  gives,  with  corro- 
sive sublimate,  a  yellowish  one; 
ammonia,  a  white;  lime-water,  an 
orange;  and  sulphuretted  hydro* 
gen,  a  black.  If  a  >:rop  of  the  so- 
lution  be  placed  on  a  piece  of 
gold,  and  touched  with  a  knife  or 
key,  the  mercury  will  be  reduced, 
which  amalgamates  with  the  gold, 
producing  a  white  spot.  The  ni- 
trate of  mercury  gives  a  black 
precipitate  with  the  free  alkalies. 
All  the  solid  forms  of  mercury  are 
volatile,  and  may  be  reduced  by 
heating  them  in  a  glass  tube  with 
charcoal  and  carbonate  of  soda, 
when  the  metallic  mercury  will 
sublime,  and  may  be  collected  in 
a  globule. 

Nitrate  of  silver  is  distinguished 
by  the  formation  of  a  white  pte- 
cipitate,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
uith  chloride  of  sodium  ;  a  gray 
precipitate  with  ammonia,  which 
is  redissolved  in  an  excess  of  am- 
monia; yellow  precipitate  with 
phosphate  of  soda.  The  precipi- 
tate of  chloride  of  silver,  obtained 
by  adding  muriate  of  soda  to  the 
nitrate  of  silver,  is  readily  re- 
duced, and  the  metallic  silver  ob- 
tained, by  mixing  it  with  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  a  nd  granulated  zinc. 

The  chloride  precipitate*  vege- 
table colouring  matter;  a!s  >  hII>;.'- 
men  and  gelatin.  The  white  oxide 
is  precipitated  from  its  solution  by 
free  alkalies;  with  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas  a  brown  precipitate. 

A  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  the  free  alkalies  from 
the  soluble  salts  of  zinc,  which 
becomes  yellow  when  strongly 
heated— recovering  its  white  co- 
lour on  cooling.  Sulphuretted 
hydrogen  occasions  a  white  pre 
cipitate. 


POISONS 


787 


roisoxs 


Pom  n» 

SYMPTOMS. 

Treatment. 

Tuts. 

PHOSPHORUS 

Pvmpt  ■!!!<  ofirritani  poi- 
soning ;  pam  in  tin-  stomach 
a i><)  bow<  l<;  vomiting,  diar- 
riiii-u.  tenderness  and  ten- 

muii  of  the  abdomen. 

An  emetic  so  l"-  prompt- 
It  administered  :  copioui 
draughts  containing  mag- 
m-.Ma  in  suspension  ;  muci- 
laginous drink-;  general 
treatment  for  inflammatory 

■J  inptoins. 

Pbosphoras    i-    known    by    its 
inflammability,  luminoua- 
:i    ordinary   temperatures, 

and  alliaceous  odour. 

\SS  or  EN  A- 

If  taken   in  verj 
powder,  it  produces  irrita- 
tion and  inflammation  of 
the  bow 

Large  quantities  of  crumb 
of  bread  should  be  eaten,  to 

I  nvelop    the     partr 

An  emetic  of  sulphate  of 
zinc  should  then  be  given, 

and   vomiting   DC   promoted 

by  demulcent  drinks. 

II.   ORGANIC    POISONS. 

I.  VEGETABLE    POISONS. 


IrRITVNT  PotSON3. 


Anemone  Pulsatilla      Wind  Flower. 
Arum  maeulatum.     Wake  Robin. 

i  iliotra.     Bryony. 
Oaladium  sefruinium.     Dtunhcane. 
i  'vstris.     Water  Arum. 
.  palustris.     Marsh  Marigold, 
inui  majus.     Celan 

-  vitalba.     Virgin  Bower. 
Convolvulus  jnlnpn.     Jalap. 

■  rammoitia.     Scaminony. 
Crotnn  liirlium.      Purging  Croton. 

-  totorynthis.    Colocynth. 

•  'y<  laimii  Europaum.     Sow   Bread. 
.  m.     Spurge  Flax. 
mezereum.     Mezereon. 
i  im  staphisapria.     Stavesncre. 
■i  'n-tris      Swamp  leather-wood. 
m  hij finale.    Scourgrass. 
tua     qfficinarum.       Euphorbium. 
~» 

a  officinalis.     Hedge  Hyssop. 
i ne  mancinella.     Manchineel. 
f f ura  crepitans      Sand  Box. 

ulffarii  Marsh  Pennywort. 
;  currag,      Indian  Nut. 
Jatmphn  manihot    Cassada. 

il  of). 
giniana.    Bed  Cedar  (oil  of.) 
ica    elaterium.      Squirting    Cu- 

udo-narcissus.     Daffodil. 

ira.      Coi hi  I'arsnep. 

ins  palustris.    Marsh  Lousewort. 
i  dcr.andra.     Poke. 
I  lubebs. 
Plumbago  Kuropa-a.     Toothwort. 
RaiiuiH  ulus    aens,    and    other    species. 

•  'Ot. 

•  Iron  chrysanthemum  Oleander. 
-  communis.     Castor  Oil  l'lant. 

ms.     Elder. 
S  idum  acre.     Stone  ( rop. 

nmbogioides.     Gamboge. 
Tanacetum  vulgare.    Tansy    oil  of.) 

A«  BO-NARCOTIC 

i     cynapinm.       Common     Fool's 

(Afoiiituin  napellus.     Monkshood. 

s.    Mushrooms  (poi- 
- 

in  muscaria.   Truffle*  (poisonous). 
Meadow  Piiupi  rnel. 

nifolium.    Dogsbane. 
Irisi      ■  '   i  .-'    -    titit      Birth  wort. 
\me  i  montann      Leopard's  bane. 
i  Syriaca.     S\<  allow  w  <  rt. 
belladonna.    Deadly  Nighl 

Buckeye. 
no'idysenterira.       I 

turs  Bark. 

spe<  i.  s      Cerl 

trs     Bastard  Hem- 
lock. 


Symptoms. 


The  general  effects  of  this 
class  of  vegetable  poisons 
are;  — an  acrid  pungent 
taste,  with  more  or  less  of 
bitterness,  i  icessive  heat. 
great  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  w  itli  sense  of 
tightness  there  ;  violent  vo- 
miting, the  efforts  being 
continued  even  alter  the 
stomach  is  emptied  :  purg- 
ing, with  great  pain  in  the 
Stomach  and  how  els  :  pulse 
strong,  frequent,  and  regu- 
lar ;  breathing  often  quick 
and  difficult;  appearances 
of  intoxication  :  the  pupil  of 
the  eye  frequently  dilated. 
insensibility  resembling 
death;  the  pulse  becomes 
slow  and  lose-  its  force,  and 
death  closes  the  scene. 

If  applied  externally, 
many  of  ihem  produce  vio- 
lent inflammation  of  the 
skin,  with  vesications  or 
eruptions  of  pustules. 


Treatment. 


If  vomiting  have  been  occasioned  by 
the  poison,  and  the  efforts  are  still  con- 
tinned,  they  may  he  rendered  easier  by 
large  draughts  of  warm  water,  or  thin 
gruel;  but  if  symptoms  of  insensibility 
have  come  on  without  vomiting,  it 
ougbl  to  be  immediately  excited  by  the 
sulphate  of  zinc,  or  some  other  active 
emetic  substance,  and  after  its  opera- 
tion a  sharp  purgative  should  he  given 
I  After  as  much  as  possible  of  the  poison 
Is  got  rid  of  a  very  strong  infuse  n  of 
coffee,  or  vinegar  diluted  with  water, 
may  be  given  with  advantage.  Cam- 
phor mixture  with  ether  ma\  be  taken 
frequently,  and  if  insensibility  be  con- 
siderable, warmth  frictions,  and  blis- 
ters, may  be  employed.  If  inflamma- 
tion or  other  dangerous  consequences 
have    l»'en     induced,    they    are    to     he 

treated  upon  general  principles. 

The  fruit  of  Peuillea  Cord i folia  has 
been  recommended  as  a  powerful  an 
tiilote  against  vegetable  poisons;  it 
is  to  he  used  in  as  recent  a  state  as 
possible.   (?) 

V  If  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alka- 
loids generally. 


roiso:;s 


roisoxs 


Irritant  Poisons. 


Symptoms. 


Treatme: 


Chaiilotia  toricana.     Rathane. 

Chenopodium  murale.     Worms,  ei). 

Cicuta  macttlata.     American  Hemlock. 

Cicuta  viro<a.    Water  Hemlock. 

Cissus.     Cissus. 

Corrnlus  Indicns.     Fish  berries. 

Colchicum  autumnale.    Meadow  saffron 

Coiii    in  mnculntum.     Hemlock. 

Coriaria  myrtifolia.     Myrtle-leaved  Su 
mach. 

Curare.     Indian  War  Poison. 

Cynanchum  erectum.     Cynanchum. 

Cytis   s  laburnum.     Laburnum. 

Dai  ira  stramonium.    Thorn  A[)ple. 

Digitalis  purpurea.    Foxglove. 

Enrot.     Pee  Secale. 

Ervum  ervilia.     Ritter  Vetch. 

Ganitheria    procumbens.      Wintergreen 
(oil  of). 

Harnanthus  toxicarius. 

Helleborus  niger.     Black  Hellebore. 

Hypophyllum     sanguinaria.       Paddock 
Stool. 

Ipecacuanha.     Ipecacuanha. 

Lathyrus  cirera.     Lathyrus. 

Laurus  camphora.     Camphor. 

Lobelia  injiata,     Indian  Tobacco. 

Lolinm  trmulentum.     Darnel. 

Melia  nzcderach.     Pride  of  China. 

Mercnrialis  perennis.     Mountain  Mer- 
cury. 
|  Nerum  oleander.     Common  Oleander. 

Nicotiana  tabacum.     Tobacco. 

CEnanthe  crocata.     Hemlock  Dropwort. 
1  Passiflora  qvadrangularis.     Barbadine. 

Fiscidia  erythrina.     Jamaica  Dogwood. 

Polygala  venenosa  'of  Java). 
|Rhus  radices.     Poison  Vine. 

Rhus  toxicodendron.     Poison  oak,  or  Su- 

I     mach. 

;  Robin ja  psevdo-acacia.    Locust  Tree. 

:  Rnta  rrrareolens.     Rue. 

Sanguinaria  Canadensis.     Blood  Root. 

Scilla  maritima.     Squill.     Sea  Onion. 

Secale  comutum.     Ergot.     Spurred  Rye. 

Sium    In'ifolium.       Procumbent    Water 
Parsnep. 

Snigelja  Marilandica.     Pink  Root. 

Srrychnos  fgnatii.     St.  Ignatius's  Bean. 

Strychnos  n«r  vomica.     Nux  vomica. 

Svmplocarpus/ffO't/a.     Skunk  Cabbage. 

Ticunas      Extract  of  various   plants  — 
South  America. 

Ti»ure.      Upas  Tiente.     Tree  of  Java. 

Triticnm  Hubermim.    Wheat  (diseased.) 

Upas  autiar.     Tree  in  Java. 

Veratrum  album.     While  Hellebore. 

Veratrum  stride.     American  Hellebore. 

Wnorara.     War  Poison  of  Ouiana. 

Zea  mays.     Maize  (diseased). 

NARCOTIC. 
Aetata  spicota.     Banebc-rry. 
Amygdalus  communis.     Bitter  Almond. 
Amygdalus  Persira.     Peach. 
Gelseminum  nitidum.  Yellow  Jessamine. 
Helonias  erythrosperma.     Fly  Poison. 
Hyoscyamus  albus.     White  Henbane. 
Hyoscyamus  niger.     Black  Henbane. 
Kahnia  latifolia.     Mountain  Ivy. 
Lactuca  aires*.    Strong-scented  Lettuce. 
Opium,  and  its  proximate  principles. 
Papaver  somniferum.     Poppy. 
Paris  quadrifolia.     Herh  Paris. 
Primus  Caroliuiuna.     Wild  Orange. 
Primus  fuvro-eerasus.    Cherry  Laurel. 
Primus  nigra.     Black  Cherry. 
Primus  padus.     Cluster  Cherry. 
Primus  Vrrginiana.     Wild  Cherry. 
Solanum  dulcamara.     Bitter-sweet. 
Sorhus  Gcuparia.     Mountain  Ash. 
Tax  ;s  baccata.     Yew. 


The  narcotic  vegetable 
poisons,  if  taken  into  the 
stomach  or  applied  to  a 
wound,  occasion  the  follow- 
in"  effects  : — stupor  ;  numb- 
ness; heaviness  in  the  h^ad; 
desire  to  vomit,  slight  at 
first,  but  afterwards  insup- 
portable; a  sort  of  intoxi- 
cation, stupid  air,  pupil  of 
the  eye  dilated  ;  furious  or 
lively  delirium,  sometimes 
pain;  convulsions  of  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  body,  or 
palsy  of  the  limbs.  The 
pulse  is  variable,  hut  at 
first  generally  strong  and 
full :  the  breathing  is  quick, 
and  there  is  great  anxiety 
and  dejection,  which,  if  not 
speedily  relieved,  soon  ends 
in  death. 


POISONOUS  MUSHROOMS. 
Agaricns  muscarius.     Fly  Agaric. 
Agaricus  piperatus.     Pepper  Agaric. 
Agaricus  necator.     Deadly  Agaric. 
Agaricus  bufbosus.     Bulbous  Agaric. 
Agaricus  chantarellus.     Champignon. 


Nausea,  heat,  and  pain 
in  the  stomach  and  bowels, 


The  stomach  to  he  effectually  evacu- 
ated, by  giving  four  or  five  grains  of 
tartar  emetic,  or  from  ten  to  twenty 
of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  repeated  every 
quarter  of  an  hour,  till  the  full  effect  is 
produced.  These  means  may  be  assisted 
by  tickling  the  throat  with  a  feather  or 
tlie  finger.  Large  and  strong  glystprs 
of  soap  dissolved  in  water,  or  of  salt 
and  gruel,  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, to  clear  the  bowels,  and  assist  in 
getting  rid  of  the  poison;  and  active 
purgatives  may  be  given  after  the  vo- 
mitins  has  ceased.  When  as  much  as 
possible  of  the  poison  has  been  ex- 
pelled, the  patient  may  drink,  alter- 
nately, a  tea-cupful  of  strong  hot  infu- 
sion of  coffee  and  vinegar  diluted  with 
wa'ter.  If  the  drowsiness,  which  is 
sometime-;  extreme,  and  the  insensi- 
bility bordering  on  apoplexy,  be  not 
remedied  by  these  means  blood  may  he 
taken  from  the  jugular  vein,  blisters 
mav  be  applied  to  the  neck  and  legs, 
and  the  attention  be  roused  by  even- 
means  possible.  If  the  heat  declines, 
warmth  and  frictions  must  be  perse 
veringly  used.  Vegetable  acids  are  on 
no  account  to  be  given  before  the  poi- 
son is  expelled,  and  it  is  desirable  that 
but  little  fluid  of  any  kind  should  be 
administered. 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alkaloids 
generally 


1 


The  stomach  and  bowels  to  he  cleared 
by  an  emetic  of  tartarized  antimony, 
with  vomiting  and  purging,  '  followed  by  frequent  doses  of  Glauber's 
'thirst;  convulsions,  and  or  Epsom  salt,  and  large,  stimulating 
faintings;  pnl«e  small  and  j  glvsters.  After  the  poison  is  evacuated. 
:  frequent ;  delirium  ;  dilated  ,  ether  may  be  administered,  with  smai 


roisoxs 


:  g  r» 


roisoxs 


Pou 

raata. 

Treai v i h i 

papll,     and     stupor;     cold 
sweats,  ami  ilcaili. 

Poisonous      mushrooms 
may  be  distinguished  from 
thf  edible  i>>  their  botanical 
characters,  and  by  the  fbl- 
lowing  criteria.     The  for- 
mer   grow   in   wot.   shady 
have    a    nauseous 
odour;    are    softer,    more 
open,  and  porous ;   bai e  ■ 
dirty-looking  surfai  i 
times   a   gaudy   colour,   or 
many    very    distinct    lines, 

particularly   it    they   have 
bei  11 1  "\  'led  w  ith  an  enve- 
lope ;    they  have    soft,   bul- 
lions  stalks,  grow  rapidly, 
and  corrupt  very  quickly. 

quantities  of  brandy  and  •rater;  bul 
it'  inflammatory    symptoms    manifest 
tbemaelvi  s,    sin  h    stimuli    should    be 
omitted,  and  other  appropriate 

he  had  recouise  to. 

2. 

A  X  I  M  A  L    P  0  I  S  0  X  S . 

SntptoMs. 

Treatvi n  I  . 

POISONOUS  FISH. 
Balistea  monoet  ros.     old  «  ife. 
Cancer  aatacua.     Crawfish. 

r  ruricuhts.     Land  <  'rah. 
CI u pea  tAryasa.     Yellow-billed  Sprat. 
Coracinus/tf«cus  mnjor.  Cray  Snapper. 
Coracinua  minor.     Hyne. 
Dnryphsna  aplendens.     Dolphin. 
Mormyra.     Blue  Parrot  Fish. 
Murcna  major.     Conger  Eel. 
M)  ul. is  tdu.Ua.     Mussel. 

i'in<r/obeltum.  SmoothBottleFish. 
Perca  mnjor.     Barracuda. 
Pares  renenosa.    Grooper. 
Perca  rrnenata.      Rock  Fish. 

lia.     Portuguese  Man  of  War. 

ler  taruleus.    Spanish  Mackerel, 
r  manmus.      King  Fish. 

jpemnber  Ua/nnms.     Bonetta. 
Suarus  ekrysops.     Porgee. 

Tetrodon  scclemtus.     Tunny. 
tfetrodon  ocellatus.     Blower. 

In   an    hour   or   two,   or 
often     in    a    much    shorter 
time,     alter     the     fish     has 

been  eaten,  a  weight  at  the 
stomach    comes    on.    with 
slight  vertigo  and  headache, 
of  beat    ahout   the 
head  and  eves,  considerable 
thirst,  and  often   an   erup- 
tion of  the  skin  (urticaria), 
and  in  many  cases  death. 

An  emetic  should  he  speedily  adminis- 

t.  red,  c,r,  in  the  absence  of  it,  vomiting 

may    he    evened,  hy    tickling    the    throat 
with     the     rin»er,     and     taking     large 
draughts  of  warm  water.     Aftei  full  vo- 
miting, an   active  purgative  should  he 

given,   to    remove    any    of    the    noxious 
matter    that    may   have    found    its  way 
into  the  intestines.      Vinegar  and  water 
may  he  drunk   after  the   above   remedies 
have   operated,   and    the   body   may   lie 
spoused   with   the  same.     Water,   made 
very  sweet    with   sui;ar.    to  which  ether 
may  he  added,  may  he  drunk  freely  as  a 
corrective,  and  a  very  weak  solution  of 
alkali  has  been  recommended  to  obviate 
the   effects   of   the   poison.      If   spasm 
ensue;  after  evacuations,  laudanum   in 
considerable  doses,  is  necessary.     If  in- 
flammation should  occur,  the  usual  means 
of  removing  it  must  be  employed. 

POISONOUS  SERPKVTS. 
Boa  erotaloides.     Copperhead. 
Cenchrin  mor.keson.     M  >ckeson. 

■    -  ntuicomis.     Horned  Viper  of 
Western  Africa. 
Coluber  berua.     Viper. 

r  prcttcr.     Black  Viper. 
Crotalus,    /J  species )     Rattle  Snake 
Scytale  piscicorus.     Water  Viper. 

A    sharp     pain     in     the 
wounded   part,  which  soon 
extends    over    the    limb   or 
body ;    great    swelling,   at 
first    hard    and    pale,   then 
reddish,  livid,  and  gangre- 
nous in  appearance;  faint- 
incs,     vomitings,    convul- 
sions, and  sometimes  jaun 
dice;  pulse  small,  frequent, 
and    irregular;    breathing 

difficult,    cold    sweats,    the 
sight    fails,  and    the   intel- 
lectual    faculties     are    de- 
ranged.  Inflammation,  and 
often    extensive    suppura- 
tion and  gangrene,  followed 
hy  death. 

A  cupping-glass  to  be  applied  oi  er  the 
wound,   or   a   moderately    tight    ligature 
above   the   bites,  and   the   wound    left   to 
bleed  after  being  well  washed  with  warm 
water;  the  actual  cautery,  lunar  caustic, 
or  butter  of  antimony,  to  be  then  applied 
freely  to  it.  and  afterwards  covered  with 
lint,  dipped  in  equal  parts  of  olive  oil  ami 
spirit  of  hartshorn.     The   ligature   to  be 
removed  if  the  inflammation   be  consi- 
derable.     Warm,    diluting    drinks,    and 
small  doses  of  ammonia  or  hartshorn,  t. 
cause    perspiration  ;    the    patient    to    he 
Well  Covered  in  bed. and  a  little  waim  wine 
given  occasionally,  [f gangrene  be  threat- 
ened, a  ine  may  be  given  more  fn  ely,  am! 
the  bark  should  he  had  recourse  to.    A  rse- 
me.  the  principal  ingredient  in  the  Tan- 
jore  Pill,  has  been  strongly  recommended. 

CANTHARIS  VKS1CATORJA. 
Spanish,  or  Blistering  Fly. 
'  I.yua  vittala.     Potato  Fly. 

Nauseous  odour  of  the 
breath;   acrid  taste;  hurn- 
ing  heat  in  the  throat.  Sto- 
mach,  and    abdomen  ;    fre- 
quent     vomitings,     often 
bloody,  with  copious  bloody 
stools;  excruciating  pain  in 
the  stomach  ;    painful    and 
obstinate    priapism,    with 
heat    in     the    hla  Ider,    and 
strangury  or  retention   of 

urine;      frightful      convul- 
sions, delirium  and  death. 

Vomiting  to  be  excited  by  drinking 

sweet  oil.  siiL'ar  ami  water,  milk,  or  lin- 
seed tea.  very   freely.       Emollient   <.*lys- 
ten    should    be    administered,    and    jf 
symptoms  of  inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach,   kidney,    or    bladder    supervene 
they   must   be  subdued   by  appropriate 
treatment. 

Camphor    dissolved     in    oil     may    be 
rubbed  over  the  belly  and  the  Ihigha, 

VENOMOUS  INSECTS 

Tnr.tnl  J,, 

-    irpion. 
i  rahro.     Hornet. 
'  iW."ifM.     Wasp. 
•  Hfica.      Bee. 
Culex  ptpirns.     Gnat, 
i        Gad-fly 

In  general,  the  sting  of 
these  insects  occasions  only 

a  slight  <h,L'i',<'  of  pain  and 

swelling;  hut  occasionally 
the  symptoms  are  more  \  io- 

lent,  and  sickness  and  fever 
are   produced  hy  tin.'  inten- 
sity of  the  pain. 

Hartshorn   and  oil    may  be   rubbed   on 

tb"  affected  part,  and   a  piece  "i    rag, 

moistened    in    the   same    or    in    <:i]\    and 

water,  may  be  kept  npon  it  mi  tin    pain 
is  removed.      \  few   drops  of  hartshorn 
may  be  given  frequently  in  a  little  water, 
and  a  L'lass  or  two  of  w  ine  may  1"   ' 
The  stniL'  may,  in  general,  be  n 
by   making  strong   pressure    s round   it 
w  ith  the  liarrei  of  a  small  w  Btch  key. 

roisox 


40 


POLIOSIS 


Symptoms. 


SALIVA  OF  THE  RABID  DOG. 


At  an  uncertain  interval 
after  the  bin;,  generally, 
however,      between      the 

twentieth  day  and  three  or 
four  months,  pain  or  unea- 
siness occurs  in  the  bitten 
part,  though  the  wound 
may  have  been  long  healed. 
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  lan- 
guor, spasms,  horror,  dis- 
turbed sleep,  difficult  respi- 
ration succeed,  and  are 
soon  very  much  increased  ; 
violent  convulsions  affect 
the  whole  body,  hideously 
distorting  the  muscles  of 
the  face;  the  eyes  are  red 
and  protruded,  the  tongue 
swells  and  often  hangs  out. 
and  viscid  saliva  flows  from 
the  mouth;  there  is  pain  in 
the  stomach,  with  bilious 
vomitings, a  horror  of  fluids, 
and  impossibility  of  drink- 
ins  them.  All  these  symp- 
toms are  aggravated  till  the 
sufferer  is  relieved  by  death. 


Treatment. 


Hydrophobia  is  more  easily  prevented 
than  cured;  indeed,   it  is  d' ubted  whe- 
ther it  ever  has  been  cureu.     Mercury, 
arsenic,   opium,   musk,  camphor,   acids,! 
wine,  vegetable  and  mineral  alkali,  oil, 
various    herbs,   and    many    other   reme- ' 
dies   whose   effects   are  quite   opposite,  I 
have  been   employed,  but  none   can   be] 
relied     on.      Large    blood-lettings,    the 
warm  and  cold  bath,  and  almost  every 
other   remedial   agent,  have   been    tried 
without  success 

The  bitten  part  should  be  completely 
cut  out.  even  after  it  has  healed,  if  the 
symptoms  have  not  yet  come  on  ;  the 
part  should  then  be  immersed  in  warm 
water,  or  be  washed  u  ith  it  as  long  as  it 
will  bleed,  and,  after  the  most  perse- 
vering ablution,  caustic  should  be  ap- 
plied to  every  part  of  the  surface,  and 
then  the  wound  covered  with  a  poultice, 
and  suffered  to  heal  by  granulation. 

No  milder  discipline  can  ensure  safety. 


The  most  energetic  poisons  are  used  therapeu- 
tically, and  often  with  considerable  advantage. 
They  have,  of  course,  to  be  administered  in  ex- 
tremely small  doses,  to  avoid  producing  poi- 
soning. 

Poison,  Arrow,  see  Arrow  poison  —  p.  Berry 
tree,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Hemlock,  Coniuin. 

Poison,  Italian,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  p.  Mor- 
bid, Virus. 

Poison  Oak,  Rhux  toxicodendron  —  p.  Root, 
Cicuta  maculata. 

Poison,  Sausage,  Allantotoxicum  —  p.  Vege- 
table, Upas. 

Poison  Vine,  Rhus  radicans. 

POISONING,  Venefic"ium,  Toxica'tio,  Tntoxi- 
ca'tio,  Entoxis'mus,  Entoxicis'mns,  Pharmacei'a, 
Malefic" 'ium,  Venena'tion,  (F.)  Empoisonnement, 
Intoxication.  The  art  of  applying  a  poisonous 
substance  to  any  of  the  textures  in  a  dose  capa- 
ble of  occasioning  more  or  less  serious  symp- 
toms. Rigorously  speaking,  therefore,  if  a  phy- 
sician, in  treating  any  case,  employs  a  deleterious 
medicine  in  a  small  dose,  which,  owing  to  parti- 
cular circumstances,  produces  unpleasant  symp- 
toms, he  may  be  said  to  have  poisoned.  The 
term  is,  however,  generally  restricted  to  poison- 
ing by  design. 

Poisoning  has  also  been  used,  by  a  few,  to  de- 
note the  series  of  symptoms  resembling  those 
produced  by  certain  poisons,  which  occasionally 
follow  the  use  of  substances  that  are  generally 
innoxious.  Overloading  the  stomach  with  indi- 
gestible food,  has,  for  example,  given  occasion  to 
symptoms  resembling  those  produced  by  a  nar- 
cotic poison,  and  the  effect  has  been  termed  poi- 
soning. 

Secret  poisoning  was,  at  one  time,  practised  as 
an  art.  It  consisted  in  administering  medicines, 
which  should  act  as  sloio  poisons,  and  gradually 
undermine  the  strength  and  life.  Its  agency  was 
far  from  being  so  extensive  as  was  imagined. 

POI'SONOUS,  Tox'ical,  Nox'ius,  (F.)  Toxique, 
Yeneneux.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  poison. 

POISONS,  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P.  narcotico- 
acrid  —  p.  Corrosive,  P.  acrid  —  p.  Escharotic,  P. 
acrid  —  p.  Irritating,  P.  acrid  —  p.  Putrescent,  P. 
septic.     See  Poison. 

POITRINAIRE,  Phthisicus. 

POTTRINE,  Thorax. 

POIVRE  D'EAU,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 


p.  de  Guinee,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  d'Lide,  Cap- 
sicum annuum — p.  de  Jamaique,  see  Myrtus  pi- 
menta — p.  Long,  Piper  longum  —  p.  de  A/oine, 
Vitex — p.  Noir,  Piper  nigrum — p.  Petit,  Vitex — 
p.  a  Queue,  Piper  cubeba — p.  Sauvaye,  Vitex. 

POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  de 
Bourgogne,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Grasse,  see  Pinus 
abies — p.  Jaune,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Liqnide, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Minerale,  Pissasphnltum 
1 — p.  Minerale  scoriacee,  Asphaltum — p.  Novate, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Noire,  see  Pinus  sylves- 
tris. 

POKE,  Phytolacca  decandra —  p.  Indian,  Ve- 
ratrum  viride  —  p.  Stink,  Dracontium  foetidum — 
p.  Weed,  Phytolacca  decandra,  Veratrum  viride. 
POLANIS'IA  GRA'VEOLENS,  Clammy  weed, 
Stinkwecd,    Wormweed,    Clammy  Mustard,  False 
mustard,  from  noXvg,  '  many,'  and  avioog,  'unequal,' 
in  reference  to  its  stamens.     An  indigenous  plant, 
Ord.  Capparidacese,  Sex.  Syst.   Dodecandria  Mo- 
nogynia,  which  blossoms  in  summer,  and  is  found 
in  every  part  of  North  America.     To  the  whole 
plant  have  been  ascribed  anthelmintic  properties. 
POLAR  PLANT,  Silphium  laciniatum. 
POLECAT  WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
POLEMO'NIUM    REPTANS,    False   JacoV* 
Ladder,    Greek     Vale'rian,    Sweat-root.       Order, 
Polemoniaceae ;    indigenous,   flowering   in    May; 
has  been  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  expectorant. 
POLENTA,  Alphiton. 
POLES,  Chalazaj. 

POLEY  MOUNTAIN,  OF  CANDY,  Teucrium 
Creticum — p.  Mountain  of  Montpelier,  Teucrium 
capitatum. 

POLIA'TER,  from  noXig,  'a  town,'  and  tarpos, 
'a  physician.'  A  physician  exercising  his  pro- 
fession in  a  town,  by  the  appointment  of  the  go- 
vernment.—  Castelli. 

POLICE',  MED'ICAL,  Polili'a  med'ica,  Poli- 
tobiotherapi'a,  Mediei'na  polit'ica,  Ordo  inedic"i- 
na'lis,  Political  med'icine,  (F.)  Police  medicale 
ou  8anitaire.  Hygienic  rules  established,  or 
which  ought  to  be  established,  for  the  prevention 
of  disease,  and  to  contribute  to  the  progress  of 
medicine.  The  salubrity  of  districts,  especially 
during  the  existence  of  spreading  disease,  i3 
greatly  ensured  by  an  efficient  medical  police. 

POLICLIN'ICA,    from    rrohg,    'a   town,'   and 

k\ivt},  'a  bed.'     Treatment  of  diseases  in  a  town. 

POLIO'SIS,  Tricho'sis  polio' 'sis,  Spilo'sis  jioli- 


POLIOTES 


41 


rOLYiiAI.A 


o'ais,    P<,?'t'utfiz,    C(iiii't"lei,    from    roAjoj,    'hoary, 

nay.'     Huir   prematurely  gray   or  hoary.     The 

!    becoming  gray,  gray-kairedj   Poliot'ri- 

POLIOTES,  Pi 
POLIOTRICHOS,  see  Poli 

:  II  \   MEDICA,  Police,  medical. 
POLI  I'OBIOTHER  \l'l  \.  Police,  medical. 
!I'M  CAPITATUM,  Teucriura  capitatum 
—  p.  Creticum,  Teucrium  Creticum —  p.  Monta- 
aam,  Teucrium  capitatum. 
POLL.  II 

LEN,  (L.)  Pollen,  Pollla,  raA^,  Must.' 
undating  dust  contained  in  the  anthers  of 
.  which  is  dispersed  on  the  stigma.  It  is 
■  1  to  tii<'  ovary  through  the  stigma  by  the 
tube,  Tubus  pvllin'icua,  (F.)  Boyau  pol- 
Unique. 

POLLEX,  genitive  Pol'licia,  An'ticheir,  Prom'- 
tin*  seu  magnua,  Alius  pollex, 
Thumb,  (Prov.)  Thame,  Tom-toe,  from  polb 

ueh  strength.'     (F.)  Ponce.     The  first  of 
..•is  in  size  and  strength.     Tt  is  ass 
that  the  term    poltroon   is  derived   from    pol'lice 
trmnca'to;  —  the   Romans  who  were   desirous    of 
seuipted  from  military  service  being  ac- 
1  to  cut  off  the  thuiiih,  and  thus  render 
-  unfit  to  handle  arms. 
Poi  _-:  t  lis. 

Pol  i  i  \  I';  Dis,  //"//us.  Hallux.    Tlie  great  toe. 
POLLIN<    TOR,  Pollinc'ter,  (L.)  In  antiquity, 
an  anointer,  dresser,  or  embalmcr  of  the  dead. 
POLLINCTURA,  Embalming. 
POLLIS,  Pollen. 
POLLOCK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

■OD'IC,  Poltod'icna;  from  rroAv?,  'many,' 

way.'     An  epithet  proposed  by  Dr. 

i  Hall  for  a  course  of  nervous  action  pro- 

-    from  one  point,  in  many  directions,  to 

every  other. 

POLLOM,  LITTLE,  Polygala  paucifolia. 

LUTION,    Polln'tio,    from    polluo,    pollu- 

t'lin,  'to  profane.'     The  excretion  of  the  seminal 

Uqaor  "r  -perm,  or  the  production   or  orgasm   in 

Male  or  female,  at  other  times  than  during  coition. 

When   occasioned   by  a  voluntary  act,  it  is  called 

•Imply  Pollution  or  Masturbation,  (F.)  Souilfure; 

scited  during  sleep,  by  lascivious  dreams, 

i:  takes  the  name  Nocturnal  pollution,  Exoneiro'- 

tin.  On'  irog'moa,  Out  irorj'onoa,  Out  irogonorrhce'a, 

irog'nius,  Spermatovlem' ma,    Spermatoclep' - 

'ep'aia,   Spermutolip'aia,    Gonorrhoea 

-     .     neirog'onos  seu  vera  seu  Ubidi- 

Projlu'vinm  *>  m' mi*.  Spermatorrhoe'u,  Pa- 

rowtVin  aalax,  Night  pollution,  (F.)  Pollution  in- 

LUTION  INYOLONTAIRE,  Pollution 
— p.  Nocturnal,  Pollution — p.  Self,  Masturbation 
— p.  Voluntary,  Masturbation. 

POLONYCH'IA,     Polyonych'ia,     from     iroAuj, 
'many,' and  »vv%,  oiv^oi,  'a  nail.'     The  condition 
of  having  supernumerary  nails, — a  rare  c 
tal  monstrosity. 

POLT  1  00T,  see  Kyi 

POLY,  Poh/a,  noXvt,  'many, much, full.'   I 

POLYACTIUM    TRISTE,  Pelargonium  tri.Me. 

POLY^Ml  \.  Plethora, 

POLYjEMIC,  Plethoric 

P0LYJ3MICUS,  Plethoric 

POLY  \.\ll. F.MIA.  Anaemia, 

/•>>(.  VAX///-  Ml/:,  Anaemia. 

POLY  \N  I  11  'ES    TUBERO'SA,  Amnmeaehn. 
'.  be    root    is    cut    into  i    i 

rpents  by  the  Peruvian 
Iodi  i 

POLYBLEN'NIA,  from  poly,  and  iftiwa,  'mu- 
OUS.'      i  r.-ti .1  mucus. 

POLYBREPHIA,  Pregnancy,  complex. 


POLYCABP'JS,  from  poly,  and  *,jp-ros-,  'fruit.' 
A  division  of  cutaneous  diseases  of  the  family 
Fez  e  in  a  t  osen,  of  Fuchs,  including  Psoriasis, 
Lichen,  Herpes,  and  Iuij  i 

POLY'CERAS,   from  poly,  and  *fpaj,  'horn.' 

A  monstrous  animal  ha\iiiLr  many  horna — (lurlt. 

POLT  CIIOL'IA,  Periehol'ia,  Byperthol'ia, 
from  poly,  and  \oAv.  'bile.'  Superabundance  of 
bile;  such  as  is  supposed  to  exist  in  bilious 
fevt  rs. 

POLYCHREST'US,  from  poly,  and  x^aT0^ 
'useful.'  Having  many  virtues.  An  ancient 
name  for  certain  medicines  considered  to  be  use- 
ful in  many  dis<  ei 

POLYCHRONIUS,  Chronic. 

POLYCHY'LIA,  from  poly,  and  ^vAoj,  'juice.' 
Polyehy'mia,     Fulness  of  juices. 

POLYCHYMIA,  Polychylia  —  p.  Sanguinea, 
Plethora, 

POLYCLIN'ICA,  from  poly,  and  rAt**,  'bed.' 
Provided  with  many  beds;  —  as  an  hospital. 

POLYCOR'IA,  from  poly,  and  topn,  'the  pu- 
pil.1 The  state  in  which  there  is  more  than  one 
pupil.  —  Von   Amnion. 

POLYCRINOSES,  see  Proflavines. 

POLYCYE'SIA,  Polycye'ria,  from  poly,  and 
nnms,  'pregnancy.'  Frequent  or  quickly  recur- 
ring pregnancies:   also,  compound  pregnancy. 

POLYCYTHEMIA,  from  poly,  Kvr0i,  'a  cell,' 
and  'atfta,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blond  in 
which  there  is  an  increase  of  the  red  corpuscles. 

POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Periesodac'tylus,  from 
poly,  and  cWruAoj,  'a  finger.'  One  who  has  a 
supernumerary  finger  or  fingers,  or  toes. 

POLYDIPSIA,  from  poly,  and  itijnj,  'thirst;' 
Sitia  morbo'aa  seu  inten'aa,  Polypo'eia,  Dipeo'eia 
<irr,i*,  Exceeeive  thirst,  (F. )  Soif  e-ccexxice.  A 
constant  desire  for  drinking,  with  a  sense  of  dry- 
ness in  the  mouth  and  throat.  It  is  mostly  .symp- 
tomatic of  fever,  inflammation,  dropsy,  excessive 
discharges.  Ac,  and  is  so  much  a  part  of  diabetes, 
that  it  has  been  called  Polydipsia. 

POLYli'ALA,  from  poly,  and  yoka,  'milk;'  P. 
vulga'ria,  Common  Milkwort.     Ord.  Polygalacem. 
/.  Diadelpbia  Oetandria,     The  leaves  are 
bitter,  and  arc  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Poly- 
gala amara. 

POLYOALA  Ama'ka,  P.  umnrc/'ln  sen  vulga'ria, 
Bitter  Milkwort.  A  powerful  bitter;  and, conse- 
quently, tonic  Its  reputed  virtues  are  balsamic, 
demulcent,  and  corroborant.  The  Polygala  m- 
bel'la,  or  Bitter  Polygala  of  the  United  States, 
has  the  same  virtues. 

PoLYSALA  AMARRLLA,  P.  amara  —  p.  Bitter, 
see  P.  amara  —  p.  (Jrandiflora.  P.  senega. 

Polto'ala  Paucipo'lia,  Trieliaper'ma  gran- 
diflo'ra,  Dwarf  Milkwort,  Little  Pollom,  /'■■  - 
</,-,,, i  Snakeroot,  (F.)  Polygale  naine,  possesses 
the  same  properties  as  P.  Senega. 

Polyo'ala  Sbh'rga,  /'.  Virginia'na  seu  gran- 

(lijlu'ni,  Sen'eka,   Rattlesnake   Milkwort,    • 

or  Rattleanake  root,  (F.)  Polygale  He  Virginia  on 

eka.      The   bark   is   the   active  part   of  the 

root,  Senega   >  Ph.   I'.  S.).     Its   taste   i.-   at    first 

BCrid,  and    afterward-  very  hot  and    pungent.      It 

was  once  esteemed  to  be  specific  against  the  poi- 
son of  the  rattlesnake  and  in  pleurisy,  pneumo- 
nia, Ac,  after  the  inflammatory  action  had  been 
_-.it  under.  It  has  been  given  also  in  humoral 
asthma,  chronic  rheumatism,  dropsy,  croup,  amen- 

orrfaoea,  Ac     Ac rding  to  Pesobier,  it  contains 

tlin-e  particular  principles,  Polyg'aline  or  Sen'e- 

laol'vaim  ,  and   Polye/alie  Acid.     Hose,  gr. 

::n  to  id  of  the  powder. 

POLTOALA    SbRPRHTA'RIA.      A  slirub  of  Catfra- 

ria.  the  root  of  which  is  considered  by  tbe  nath  ei 
ns  a  sure  antidote  against  the  bites  of  venomous 
serpents. 


POLYGALACTIA 


42 


TOLYPODIUM 


Polygala  Yirginiana,  P.  senega  —  p.  Vulga- 
ris P.  amara. 

POLYGALACTIA,  Polyga'lia,  from  poll/,  and 
ya\a,  yaXaKrug,  'milk.'  Superabundant  secretion 
of  milk  ;  galactia. 

POLYQALE  NAINE,  Polygala  paueifolia  — 
p.  de  Virginie,  Polygala  Yirginiana. 
POLYGALIA,  Polygalactia. 
POLYGALIXE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
POLYGONATUM,    Convallaria    polygonatum 
— p.  Anceps,  Convallaria  polygonatum — p.  Cani- 
culatum.  Convallaria  canaliculata — p.  Latifolium,  | 
Convallaria  canaliculata  —  p.   Multifloruin,  Con- 
vallaria   multiflora  —  p.    Pubescens,    Convallaria 
pubescens  —  p.  Uniflorum,  Convallaria  polygona- 
tum —  p.  Yulgare,  Convallaria  polj-gonatum. 

POLYG'OXUM,  P.  avicula're,  from  poly,  and 
yovv,  'a  knee  or  joint.'  P.  centino'dium  seu  erec'- 
tum,  Centino'dia,  Centumno'dia,  Sanguina'lis  Cor- 
rig"iola,  Sanguina'ria,  Knotgrass,  Knot  weed, 
Bindweed,  Doorweed,  (F.)  Renouee,  Trainasse, 
Centinode.  Ord.  Polygonacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Oc- 
tandria  Trigynia.  This  grass  is  said  to  be  a 
feeble  astringent. 

Polygonum  Acre,  P.  hydropiper. 
Polygonum  Amphib'ium,  P.  coccin'eum,  Water 
Persica'ria,  of  Europe    and  this  country.      The 
roots  have  been  used  like  sarsaparilla,  especially 
in  diseases  of  the  skin. 

Polygonum  Bistor'ta,  P.  bistorto'i'des,  Bistor- 
ta,  Colubri'na,  Offie"ivtal  Bistort,  Great  Bistort  or 
Snakeweed,  (F.)  Bistorte,  Conleuvrine,  Serpentaire 
rouge.  The  root  is  a  powerful  astringent  and 
tonic;  and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  internal 
hemorrhage,  atonic  diarrhoea,  ague,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  xv  to  3J. 

Polygonum  Bistortoides,  P.  bistorta — p.  Cen- 
tin odium.  P.  aviculare. 

Polygonum  Coccineum,  P.  amphibium. 
Polygonum    Diyarica'tum  :     Eastern    Buck- 
wheat plant.     The  roots,  reduced  to  a  coarse  meal, 
are  said  to  be  much  used  as  an  article  of  diet  by 
the  Siberians. 

Polygonum  Erectum,  P.  aviculare. 
Polygonum  Fagop'yrum,  Fagop' yrum,  F. 
escident'um,  Trit'icum  Fagi'nnm,  Buckwheat,  (F.) 
Sarrasin,  Ble  voir.  The  grain  of  this  plant  con- 
stitutes a  principal  article  of  food  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  Russia,  Germany,  and  Switzerland.  It 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Polygonum  Hydrop'iper,  P.  acre  seu  hydro- 
piperoides  (Pursh)  seu  puncta'tum,  Hydrop' iper, 
Persica'ria  arena,  J/ercu'rius  terres'tris,  Poor 
Man' 8  Pepper,  Biting  Arse-smart,  Smartweed, 
Lakeweed,  Water-pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  d'eau,  Per- 
sicaire poivree  ou  brulante  ou  acre,  Pimeut  d'eau, 
Garage,  Renouee  acre.  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
have  an  acrid,  burning  taste,  and  resemble  those 
of  the  arum.  They  have  been  recommended  as 
possessing  antiseptic,  aperient,  and  diuretic  vir- 
tues. The  fresh  leaves  have  been  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  stimulating  cataplasm. 

Polygonum  Hydropipero'Ides,  P.  Hydropiper, 
P.  punctatum.  Polygonum  hydropipero'ides  of 
Michaux,  mild  water j)  iper ;  indigenous;  has  no 
acrid  properties. 

Polygonum  Persica'rta,  Persicaria,  P.  minor 
seu  >iiitis,  Plumba'go,  Lady's  Thumb,  Heart's  ease, 
(Prov.)  Redshanks,  (F.)  Persicaire  douce.  This 
plant  is  said  to  possess  vulnerary  and  antiseptic 
qualities.  It  has  been  given  in  wine  to  arrest 
gangrene. 

Polygonum  Puncta'tum,  P.  hydropipero'i'des, 
Water  pepper  of  America,  Smart  weed,  possesses 
similar  properties  to  Polygonum  hydropiper,  and 
is  occasionally  used  internally  in  gravel,  and  ex- 
ternally in  chronic  ulcers.  A  fluidrachm  of  the 
saturated  tincture  has  been  extolled  in  amenor- 
rhcea.     See  Polygonum  hydropiper. 


POLYGONUM  VlRGlNIA'NUM,  Wand-spiked  Per- 
sica'ria, Virgin' ia  Bistort ;  indigenous;  is  astrin- 
gent, diuretic,  and  tonic. 

POLYGROMA,  Staphyloma. 
POLYHI'DRIA,  PolyVdria,  Polyidrosis,  from 
poly,  and  '«5pw?,  'sweat.'     Excessive  sweating. 
POLYHYDRIA.  Hvdrops. 
POLYHYPERHiEMIA,  Plethora. 
POLYIDRIA.  Polyhidria. 
POLYIDROSIS,  Polyhidria. 
POLYLYMPHIA,  Anasarca. 
POLYMASTH'US,  Pleiomaa'thw,  from  poly, 
and  naa$os,  '  breast.'     A  monster   having  several 
breasts.  —  Gurlt.     The  condition  has  been  called 
Poh/ma'zia,  Pleioma'zia,  and  P/coma'zia. 
POLYMAZIA,  see  Polymasthos. 
POLYMEL'IAX,  (F.)  'Polymelien,  from   poliA 
and  ixtXos,  'a  limb.'    An  epithet  given  to  monsters 
characterized   by  the  insertion,  in    a  well  formed 
subject,  of  one  or  more  accessory  limbs,  accom- 
panied,  at  times,  by  the   rudiments    of   certain 
other  parts. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

POLYMERIA,  Polymerismus  —  p.  Promiscua 
translativa.  Transposition  of  the  viscera. 

POLYMER IS'M US,    Polymer' ia,    from    poly, 
and  nz(>os.  'apart.'     A  monstrosity,  which   con- 
sists in  the  existence  of  supernumerary  orgaus; 
as  a  sixth  finger  of  the  hand. 
POLYXEUROX,  Plantago. 
POLYOXYCHLA,  Polonychia. 
POLYOP'SIA,  Pol'yopy,  from  poly,  and  odii, 
'sight.'     Vision   is  so  called,  when  multiple  or 
manifold. 

POLYOPY,  Polyopsia. 

POLYOREX'IA,  from  poly,  and  opci-is.  'appe- 
tite.' Excessive  appetite  or  hunger.  A  genus 
in  the  Gastroses  of  M.  Alibert. 

POLYPE'RIA,  from  poly,  and  irqpos,  'muti- 
lated.' Congenital  misconstruction  of  various 
parts  or  organs.  —  Good. 

POLYPIIA'GIA,  jrultivoran'tia,  from  poly, 
and  (payw,  'I  eat.'  Voracity.  Faculty  of  eat- 
ing or  subsisting  on  many  kinds  of  food.  See 
Bouliinia. 

POLYPH'AGOUS,  Polyph'agus,  Multir'orous, 
(F.)  Poly  phage.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
polyphagia. 

POLYPHARMACI'A,  Polypharmacy  ;  from 
poly,  and  ^ap/iaKov,  'a  medicine.'  The  prescrib- 
ing of  too  many  medicines.  A  prescription,  con- 
sisting of  a  number  of  medicines  :  hence  the  name 
Polyphar'macus,  (F.)  Polypharmaqne,  given  to 
one  who  is  in  the  habit  of  prescribing  a  number 
of  medicines,  and  whose  prescriptions  are  loaded 
with  ingredients.  The  term  is  taken  in  bad 
part. 

POLYPHARMAQUE,  see  Polypharmacia. 
POLYPHYSIA,  Flatulence. 
POLYPIFORM  COXCRETIOXS,see  Polypus. 
POLYPIOXIA,  see  Polysarcia  —  p.  Infantum, 
see  Polysarcia. 

POLYPIOSIS,  see  Polysarcia. 
POLYPLAS'TIC,    Polypfas'iicns,    from    poly, 
and   TrXaaoio,  '  I  form.'      That  which  has  many 
shapes. 

Polyplastic  Element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  does  not  retain  its  primary  shape  :  but  un- 
dergoes transformation  into  others.  —  Gerber. 

POLYPODI'TES.  Wine  impregnated  with 
polypody. 

POLYPO'DIUM,    P.  Vulga're    sen    Virginia** 

nnm  seu  pinnatif'idnm,  Filic'ida   dulcis.  Common 

!  Pol'ypody,  Fern    root,   Rock    Brake,  Brake    root, 

[  (F.)   Fougere   douce.      Ord.  Filices.      From   poly, 

and  rrcvg,  voSo;,  'a  foot,'  owing  to  it?  many  roots. 

This  fern  grows  in  the  clefts  of  rocks,  walls,  &c, 

il  in  both  hemispheres.    It  was  formerly  regarded  as 


POLYPODY 


#8       POLYSToMA    PINGUICOLA 


a  cholagogue,  and  iru  given  in  bead  diseases.   It 

'     )\V. 

PoLYPODH  m     Aiuantikokmk.     see     (alagualae 

radix  —  p.    Amtnifoliam,    see    Calagualss    radix 

— p.  Argenteum,  see  Calagualaa  radix  —  p.  Geta- 

q,  P.  incanum —  p.  Calaguala,  Calagualss 

—  [>.  Coriaceum,  see  CalagualsB  radix —  p. 

im,    Asplenium    tilix    foemina  —  p.    Filix 

foemina,  Asplenium  filix  foemina. 

Poltpo'dii  m  Filix  Mas,  Aspid' ium sen  Athyr*- 
i  Kephro'dium  Beu  Polya'tieum  tilix  .'/<<«, 
o'$um,  Filix  pinna'ta,  l't>  ris, 
>lyrrhi'zon,  Blancnon  Oriba'aii,  Lon- 
tla,  Filix  Mae,  F.  non   ramo'sa  den- 
•  ilium  crenatnm,  Polya'tieum  callip'- 
Polypody  or  Fern,  (F.)  Fougire  mule. 
i  .  soma  of  this  plant,  Filix  Mas,  Ph.  U.  S., 

11  muoh  extolled  aa  an  anthelmintic,  and 
teenia.     It  was  the   basis  of  a  once 
celebrated  remedy — Madame  Nouffer'e — but,  per- 
more  of  the  efficacy  was  to  be  attributed  to 
live  purgatives  by  which  it  was  followed 
that)  to  the  fern.     Dose,  3'j  to  3''J  oi  tne  Pow- 
solid  part  of  the  root  ;  followed  in  the  niorn- 
a  strong  cathartic  of  camboge  or  jalap. 
lereal   extract  has  been  proposed  by  Dr. 
..er.  of  Geneva. 
Poltpo'didm     [nca'num,    P.    eetara'einum, 
■  <lmm    polypodioides,     Pol'ypody,    Rock 
Brake  :  indigenous  ;  has  been  considered  demul- 
cent, cathartic  and  anthelmintic. 

Polypodiom  Incisdm,  Asplenium  filix  foemina 
— p.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p.  Pennati- 
fidum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Politum,  see  Calagualss 
p.  Triii. ium,  Asplenium  filix  foemina  —  p. 
Virginianum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Vulgare,  Polypo- 
diom. 

POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum — p.  Com- 
mon, Polypodium  vulgare — p.  Male,  Polypodium 
filix  i 

l'1  M/YPOID.  PolypoVdea  :  from  polypus,  and 
ti&of,  '  form.'  Having  the  shape  of,  or  resembling, 
a  polj 

Pn'l.YPORUS  IGNIARIUS,  Boletus  igniarius 
— p.  Officinalis,  Boletus  laricis. 

POLYPO'SIA,   roXvrroain,  from  poll/,  and  -oai(, 

'drink.'     Great  thirst  —  desire  for  drink.     Poly- 

V«»l/YPOTOME.  Polypot'omus,  Polypxu  knife, 
from  polypus,  and  rtuvtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  instru- 
ment for  the  removal  of  polypus  by  excision. 

POL'YPOUS,  Polypo'sus:  Bame etymon  as  the 
next.     Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or  resembling 
us. 

VIM  S,   Paeudometumorpho'aia   polypo'sa, 
from   noXog,  'many,'  and   -rovg.   zobo<;,  'afoot.'      A 
name  given  to  tumours,  which    occur  in   mucous 
illy  ;  and  which  have  been  cora- 
>  certain  zoophytes.     Polypi  may  form  on 
tnbrane.     They  arc  most  com- 
monly observed  in  the  nasal  fossae,  pharynx,  and 
:    more   rarely  in   the  Btomach,   intestines, 
bronchial    tubes,  bladder,  and    meatus   auditorius 
US.       They    vary    much    in    size,    number, 
I  adhesion,  and  intimate  nature.     Accord- 
they  have  received  various  appellations; 
'ular,  when  their  substance  has 
ngy,  vesicular,  and,  as  it  were,  gorged 

with  fluid.     Other-  have  1 n  called  hard  :  and 

bare   been   distinguished    into   fibrous  or 

.   ind   into  Hcirrhona  or  canceroua.      Fibrous 

polypi,  Pol'ypi  fibro'si,  Tnopol'ypi,  arc  of  a  dense, 

Lture,  and  whiti.-h  colour.      They  con- 

ind  do  not  degenerate  into  enn- 

I  tie  toirrkous  or  careinowr' atone  are   true 

imours,  painful  and  bleeding.     They 

■  all  the  pathological  changes  which  belong 

-  affections,  and  the  prognosis  is  of 

course  unfavourable. 


The  mode  of  treating  polypi  must  differ  ac- 
cording to  their  character.  The  means  u - ••■  i  to 
destroy  them    have   been,    1.  To   subject    them    to 

the  action  of  certain  astringent  powders  • 
tions,  to  obtain  their  resolution,  l'.  Cauterisation 
or  the  application  Of  the  actual  cautery  or  cau-- 
•  r  ablution  with  a  cutting  in- 
strument. -1.  Extirpation  with  the  fingers  or  with 
the  polypus  forceps.  6.  A  ligature,  pot  round 
them  so  as  to  prevent  their  nutrition.  A  set.  u 
has*  also,  been  sometimes  ased  to  gradoj 
■troy  the  pedicle. 

The  term  PoLTPI,  PseudopoVypi,  Cardi'ti*  pa- 
hfpo'sa,  Pol' ypi form  Concre' tions,  (F.)  Contritions 
polypeuses  ou  polypiformes  on  sanguines  rf«  Cctnr, 
Himotardioplasties,  (Piorry,)  ha.-  likewise  been 
applied  to  collections  of  blood — fibrinous  concre- 
tions—  found  in  the  heart  or  great  vessels  after 
dissolution.  These  were  once,  erroneously,  re- 
garded as  morbid.  The  presence  of  these  con- 
cretions may  be  inspected,  when  in  the  course  f 
an  acute  or  chronic  affection  of  the  heart,  or  ;;t 
the  close  of  chronic  diseases  in  general — especially 
those  of  the  lungs  —  the  heart's  action  becomes 
suddenly  tumultuous,  obscure,  and  accompanied 
with  a  soft  bellows'  murmur,  whilst  the  g 
symptoms  indicate  the  effects  of  obstructed  circu- 
lation. The  right  cavities  are  most  frequently 
affected. 

Pol'ypus  BROVCBJA'lAS,Bronchlemmi'tis,Bron- 
ehi'tie  membrana'cea  *l'\i  exsudati'va  Beu  eroupo'- 
x'i.  B. plastic,  Bronchial  Croup,  ('inutile  Cn 
Pseudo-mem' branous  Bronchitis,  (F.)  Bronchi te 
pseudo-membraneuse.  A  membraniform  secretion 
in  the  bronchial  tubes  of  a  diphtheritic  character, 
having  the  shape,  when  unexpectorated,  of  the 
bronchia.  It  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  those  tubes. 

POLYPUS  CaRHOSDS,  Sarcoma — p.  Fibrosus,  see 
Polypus  —  i'.  Uteri,  Metropolypns. 

POLYRRHIZON,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYRRHCEA,  Profluvium. 

POLYSAR'CIA,  Poly sarco' sis,  from  poly,  and 
cap!-,  aufjKOi,  'flesh.'  Camos'itas,  Polysoma'tia, 
Adelipa'ria,  Corpulen'tia,  Steati'tes.  Excessive 
corpulency.  Authors  have  distinguished  two 
varieties  of  this  :  —  Polysarcia  Carno'sa,  Cor1- 
pulency,  and  P.  Adipo'sa,  Polypio'nia,  Polypio'- 
8i8,  Pimelo'sia  nim'ia,  J'dch^t'miiH,  Pachyu'sis, 
Oben' itas,  Hyperpim'eli,  Lipa'ria,  Adipo'aie, 
Poly  ear1  da  fagino'sa,  Empyme'lium  po/yaat'- 
cto,  Baryso'mia,  Barysomat'iea,  Lipo'aia,  l.i- 
par'otes,  Lipas'ma,  Pinguitu'do,  Pin'gnitude, 
Obes'ity,  (V.)  ObesitS,  Embonpoint  exceasif  A 
severe  regimen  and  exercise  are  the  best  preven- 
tives. Children  are  occasionally  met  with  of 
nnusual  fatness,  in  spite  of  every  care.  This 
morbid  disposition  has  been  termed  Polypio'nia 
in  fan' turn,  and  Chloro'sie  gigante'a. 

POLTS  LRC1  \  VlSCBRTJM,  Plivsconia  adipo.-a. 

P0LY8ARC08I8,  Polysarcia, 

POLYSCKI/IA,  from  poly,  and  ckcXus,  'a  leg.' 
A  monstrosity,  characterized  by  the  presence  of 
one  .'i'  more  supernumerary  legs. 

POLYSIA'LIA,  from  poly, and noXovj  'saliva.' 
Excessive  discharge  of  saliva. 

POLYSOM  \TIA,  Polysarcia. 

POLYS')  .M  I  A.   from   poly,  and   o-u>/<a,   'body.1 
A  monstrosity  characterized  by  the  existi 
more  bodies  than  one. 

POLY8PAS'TON,  from  poly,  and  *-„„.  'I 
draw.'  A  powerful  instrument  for  reducing  luxa- 
tion-. —  Gorrasus. 

POLYSPER'MIA,  from  poly,  and  o-cpiia, 
'sperm.'     Richness  or  fulness  of  sperm. 

POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERIS,  Polypodium 
filix  mas — p.  Filix  Mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYSTOMA  IMXUUICOLA,  see  Worms  — 
p.  Yenamm,  see  Worms. 


POLYTRIC 


44 


POPLITEAD 


POLYTRIC,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

POLYTRICHIA,  see  Polytrichus. 

POLYT'RICHUM,  from  poly,  and  Spi£,  rpiXo?, 
'hair,'  P.  vnfga're,  Polyt'ricon,  Adian'tum  an'- 
retail,  Gulden  Maiden-hair,  (F.)  Perce-mousse. 
Ord.  Musci.  It  is  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties, and  was  formerly  given  in  diseases  of  the 
lungs,  and  in  calculous  affections. 

Polvtrichom  Commune,  Asplenium  tricho- 
manoides. 

Polytrichum  Juniperi'num,  Haircap  moss, 
Rabbin's  Rye,  common  in  New  England,  is  said 
to  possess  powerful  diuretic  properties. 

POLYT'RICHUS;  same  etymon  as  Polytri- 
chum. Very  hairy.  One  that  has  much  hair. 
The  condition  is  termed  Polytrichia ;  although 
this  term  is,  at  times,  employed  for  the  growth 
of  hair  on  parts  not  usually  having  it. 

POLYTROPH'IA,  from  poly,  and  rpefu,  «I 
nourish.'     Abundant  or  excessive  nutrition. 

POLYITRESIS.  Diabetes. 

POLYURIA,  Diabetes. 

POLYU'RICUS,  from  poly,  and  ovpov,  'urine.' 
Sauvages  calls — Ischu'ria  polyu'rica  —  a  kind  of 
ischuria,  caused  by  accumulation  of  urine  in  the 
bladder. 

POM  A,  Drink  —  p.  Chinensia,  see  Citrus  au- 
rantium. 

POMACEUM,  Cider. 

POMA'TUM,  Pomma'tum, from  poma,  'apples,' 
which  formerly  entered  into  its  composition.  (F.) 
Pommade,  Liparole,  Stearole.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  employed  only  externally,  which  dif- 
fers but  little  from  an  ointment,  except  in  having 
generally  less  consistence.  It  is  usually  scented 
and  coloured  to  render  it  more  agreeable.  Apples 
formerly  entered  into  the  composition  of  the  po- 
matum ;  hence  its  name. 

Common  Pomatum  is  made  of  lard,  121bs;  suet, 
4flbs  ;  essence,  ^viij. 

Pomatum  ad  Labia  Demulcexda.  Cerate  for 
the  lips  —  p.  Epispasticum  flavum.  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud  —  p.  Epispasticum  viride, 
Ac,  Unguentum  lyttae  medicatum  —  p.  for  the 
Lips,  Cerate  for  the  lips — p.  Nitricum  seu  oxyge- 
natum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — p.  Saturni, 
Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis. 

POMBALEA  IPECACUANHA,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha.. 

POMEGRANATE,  Punica  granatum. 

POMILIUS.  see  Nanus. 

POMMADE,  Pomatum— jo.  d'Alyon,  Unguen- 
tum acidi  nitrosi — p.  Antipsorique  de  Jasser,  Un- 
guentum sulphuris  compositUm — p.  d'Autenrieth, 
Unguentum  antiraonii  tartarizati — p.  de  Cyrillo, 
Unguentum  muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenato  me- 
dicatum—  p.  Epispastique  jaune,  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud  —  p.  Epispastique  verte, 
Unguentum  lyttae  medicatum — p.  de  Garou,  Un- 
guentum epispasticum  de  daphne  gnidio. 

POMMADE  DE  GONDRET,  P.  ammoniacale 
de  Gondret  (F.),  Gondret's  Counterirritant,  Gon- 
dret's  ammoniacal  Caustic.  (Liq.  amnion,  p.  ij  ; 
Sevi,  p.  j  ;  01.  amygdal.  p.  j  ;  M.)  Used  to  excite 
a  speedy  revulsion  in  cases  of  chronic  affections 
of  the  brain,  incipient  cataract,  amaurosis,  &c,  as 
well  as  to  cauterize  the  integuments  deeply. 

The  above  formula,  is  that  of  the  French  Co- 
dex, but,  according  to  M.  Trousseau,  it  is  much 
t<>o  hard  for  use,  unless  the  weather  is  warm. 
He  proposes  two  formula,  one  for  summer,  the 
other  for  winter.  In  {he  former  he  directs  three 
parts  of  lard,  one  of  suet,  and  four  of  liquor  am- 
monia ;  in  the  latter,  equal  parts  of  lard  and 
liquor  ammonia.  v 

POMMADE  POUR  LES  LEVRES,  Cerate 
for  thelips — p.  Ophthalmique  (Regent's.)  Unguen- 
tum  ophthalmicus —  p.    Oxygenic,   Unguentum 


acidi  nitrosi — p.  Stibiee,  Unguentum  antimonii 
tartarizati. 

POMME.  see  Pvrus  malus — p.  a" Adam,  Po- 
mum  Adami — p.  d' Amour,  Solanum  lycopersicum 
—  p.  Epineuse.  Datura  stramonium — p.  de  Mer- 
veille,  Momordica  balsamica  —  p.  Mousscuse,  Be- 
degar — p.  de  Terre,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

POMME S  HEMORRH01DALES,  see  Yis- 
cum  album. 

POMMETTE,  see  Malaa  os. 

POMMIER,  Pyrus  malus. 

POMPE  POUR  L'ESTOMAC,  Stomach 
pump. 

POMPHOLYGE'RON,  xo^oXvyvpov,  from 
■xomj>o\vyou,  'to  raise  blisters.'  The  name  of  a 
plaster  emploved  bv  the  ancients.  —  Castelli. 

POMPH'OLYX,'from  no^os,  'a  bladder.'  A 
small  vesicle  on  the  skin.  An  eruption  of  bulla 
or  blebs,  appearing  without  any  inflammation 
around  them,  and  without  fever.  It  is  the  Ec- 
phlysis  Pompholyx  of  Good.     See  Pemphigus. 

Pompholyx,  Tutia,  Zinci  oxydum. 

POMPHUS,  Wheal. 

POMPION,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

POMUM  ADA'MI,  Eminen'tia  thyredidea,  (F.) 
Pomme  d'Adam,  Adam's  Apple.  The  projection 
formed  by  the  thyroid  cartilage  in  the  neck  —  of 
males  particularly.  It  is  so  called  from  a  notion 
that  it  was  caused  by  the  apple  sticking  in  the 
throat  of  our  first  parent. 

Pomum  Amoris. Testicle — p.  Hierosolymitanum, 
Momordica  balsamina  —  p.  Melongena,  see  Sola- 
num melongena  —  p.  Mirabile,  Momordica  Bal- 
samina—  p.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium. 

PO  NOTION.  Puncturing. 

POND  SHOVEL,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONDERA  ET  MENSURJ3,  Weights  and 
measures. 

PONDUS,  Pudibilia  —  p.  Pharmaceuticum,  see 
Weights  and  measures. 

PONG  IT  IF,  Puneent. 

PONS  CEREBELLI,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  He- 
patis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  p.  Sylvii,  Quad- 
rigemina  Tubercula  —  p.  Tarini,  Tarini  pons. 

Poxs  Varo'lii,  P.  Cerebel'li.  Corjms  annula're, 
Proces'sus  annularis,  Prominentia  amnda'rit 
cer'ebri,  Eminen'tia  annularis,  Nodus  enceph'ali 
seu  Cer'ebri,  Protnberan'tia  basila'ris,  Protuber- 
an'tia  annula'ris  Willis' ii,  Varo'li's  bridge,  Cer'e- 
bral  protu'berance,  (F.)  Protuberance  cerebrale  ou 
annulaire,  Mesencephale,  Mesocephale,  Pont  de 
Yarole,  Annular  protuberance.  An  eminence  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  first  de- 
scribed by  Varolius.  It  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  crura  cerebri  and  crura  cerebelli. 

Poxs  Zvgomaticus.  Zvsromatic  arch. 

PONT  DE  TAR  IN,  fanni  pons —p.  de  Ya- 
role, Pons  Varolii. 

PONTE,  see  Parturition — p.  Periodique,  see 
Parturition. 

PONTEDERIA  CORD  ATA, Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONTICUM  ABSINTHIUM,  Artemisia  Pon- 
tica. 

POOK,  Abdomen. 

POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron  —  p. 
Balm  of  Gilead,  Populus  Candicans  —  p.  Black, 
Populus — p.  Tree,  Liriodendron — p.  Tulip-bear- 
ing, Liriodendron. 

POPLES.  Gare'tum,  Garretum,  Ignys,  Ig'nye, 
Suffra'yo,  Fossa  genu,  Fossa  poplita'a,  the  Ham, 
Hough,  Hoff,  Hock,  (F.)  Jarret,  from  post,  and 
plico,  'I  fold.'  The  posterior  part  of  the  knee 
joint.  The  ham  forms  what  is  called  the  pop- 
liteal region  or  space. 

POPLESY,  Apoplexy. 

POPLIT.EUS,  Popliteal  muscle. 

POPLITE.  Poplitaeus  muscle. 

POPLITEAD,  see  Popliteal  aspect. 


TOPLITIC 


15 


PORPHYRY 


POPUTB'AL,  Poplita'ua,  PoptiYie,  (F.)  Popliti, 

•  the   ham.'      That   which   relates    to 
the  bam.      A  name  given  t<>  various  parts. 

Popliteal  Artery  —  Popliteal  portion  of  the 

really  a   continuation  of  the 

.    which    changes    its    name    <>n    passing 

through   the  adductor  magnus    muscle.     It  de- 

b  little  obliquely  outwards  into  the  hollow 

i  .m.  an«l  extends  from  the  coramenci 

»wer  third  of  the  thigh  to  the  end  of  the 

[uarter  of  the  leg,  where  it  terminates   by 

the    posterior  tibial  and  peroneal 

-.      In  the  ham,  it  gives  oil"  the  three  mipe- 

■  ••ular  arterie*  ;  and,  at  the  top  of  the  leg, 

g   mini    muscles    or   gemini 

-.  the  tiro   inferior 

.nd  the  tibial in  antica. 

[tkal    Aspect.     An    aspect  towards  the 

i    which    the   )>'>]i!es    or    ham    is    situated. 

ad  is  used  by  the  same  writer 

illy,  and  signifies  '  towards  the  popliteal 

!■'    --  \.  1' 
ite'al  Glands,  Glan'dula  pnplitce'ce. 
Lymphatic  glands,  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
■    _    m  or  space. 
Popi  t  rn  \i   Muscle, Pnp\ita'n»  Muscle,  Subpop- 
litctnn,     Y.      1/  •  •   ■'•    pnfilitS,  Mimcle  Jarretier,  Fe- 
wpliti -tibial,    (Ch.),   is  seated  in   the  pop- 
It  is  triangular,  long,  flat;  ami  is 
i.  on  the  one   hand,  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendon,  into  the   tuberosity  at   the  outer  condyle 
of  the  femur,  terminating  below  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia.      This  muscle 
_-  on  the  thigh,  and,  reciprocally,  the 
When  the  leg  is  bent,  it  causes 
i;  to  tarn,  in  rotation,  inwards. 

Th.y    result    from    the 

tion  of  the  sciatic,  and  are  two  in  number, 

The   external  popliteal,   Peroneal  nerve, 

^  Ch.)     It  is  smaller  than   the 

i    :   turns  to  the  outside  of  the  fibula  at  the 

irt  of  the  let:,  and  divides  into  the   mua- 

•  mum*  branch,  nerf  pritibio-digital,  (Ch.) 

and  the  anterior  tibial,  nerf  pritibio-eunphalangf- 

Ch.)     2.    The    inter'nal   poplite'al   nerve, 

'/e  (Ch.),   which  is   larger  than   the 

'  i   be   the  real  continuation   of 

itic  nerve.     It  descends  vertically  into  the 

of  the  ham;  and  passes  beneath  the  apo- 

iris  muscle,  beyond  which 

name    tibial    nerve.       It    furnishes 

the  external    eaphi  and   a  number    of 

it    are    distributed    to    the    posterior 

It  then  passes  to  the  sole  of 

divided  into  two  branches,  called 

■  v.  Poples  —  p.  Space,  Poples. 
Popliteal  Vein  has  the  name  arrangement  as 

v  behind  which  it  is  Mtuate. 
POPLITIC,  Popliteal. 
POPON  \.\.  see  1* astinaca  opoponax. 
POPPY,  CELANDINE,  Stylophorum  diphyl- 
luni  —  p.  Corn,  red,  Papaver  rhoeas. 
•   Papaver. 
»,  Stj  lophorum  diphyllum. 

POPPT  JoiCE,  M niiim  —  ]..  Pill,  Opium. 

v,    Pnicsxy,    Argemone    Mexieana  —  p. 

■.  Cucurbal  i  p.    Thorn,    Irge- 

ana  —  p.  White,  Papaver  — p.  White, 

Papaver. 

P<  'I''  I  LUS,     /'.    nigra,    .1  ' .  ro't's, 

Peuplit  r,  /'.   noir   ou  franc, 

iing  bade,  oeuli  or  rudiments  of  the  leaves, 

which   appear  in  the  beginning  of  spring,  were 

1  in  an  officinal   ointment  —  the    „„- 
mle'nm.     [I  oommended 

in  rhr  ma  of  the  Inn.'-. 

The  bark  of  Pop'ulut   Tr>  mtdui'dct,  American 


T  P.  Trkm'i  i  \   sen  pen'dx  '  i.    European 

•  i-/;  /.and  of  Porn. is  r.w'i'i.  INS,  Balm  ufGilead 

Poplar,  is  antiperiodio,  and  furnishes  talicin  and 

populin,  in  which  the  properties  probably  reside. 

Pon  iis  Bala  lbipeba,  see  Fagara  octandra — 

p.  Candicans,  see  Populufl —  p.  l'endula.  1'.  trcmula 

—  p.  Tacainali.i     i.  -        1    iLrara  octandra — p.    I  i .  - 
inula,  see  Popnlns — p.  Treinub  Popular. 

PORCELAINS,  Essera,  Urticaria, 

PORCELET,  Elyoscyamus. 

PORCBLIA  TR1  LOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

PORCELLIO,  Oniseus. 

PORCELLUS,  Oniseus. 

PORCULUS,  Oniseus. 

P0RC1  PINE  DI8EA8E,  lohthj 

Poboopihb  Mkn,  L't -hiiKidt  r'.ni.     Persona  have 

io  called  in  whom  the  cuticle  is  produced  in 

the  form  of  pointed  prolongations,  as    if  it  had 

been  moulded  on  the  papilla),  like  the  shorter  and 

blunter  quills  of  the  porcupine. 

PORCUS,  Vulva. 

PORDE,  Crepitation. 

PORE,  PoTUC,  Interstice,  vopoi,  '  «•  passage.' 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  openings 
at  the  extremities  of  vessels  at  the  surface  of  dif- 
ferent membranes.  Bxb  \i.  LOT  PORES  have  been 
Supposed  to  exist  in  the  exhalants,  to  transmit 
the  fluids  exhaled.  —  ABSORBENT  PORES  are  em- 
ployed in  taking  up  parts  that  have  to  enter  the 
circulation.  Pores  exist  in  the  cuticle:  yet  Hum- 
boldt, with  a  powerful  magnifying-glass,  was  un- 
able to  observe  them.  The  pores  of  the  skin 
have  also  been  called  xpira'cula. 

POREBLIXD.  Myopic. 

PORED  MILK,  Colostrum. 

PORI  BILIA'RII,f)«c«»M  bilia'rii  sen  biliferi, 
Canal ic'nli  bilif'eri,  Snr'culi Jrll'ei.  Ducts  which 
receive  the  bile  from  the  penicilli  of  the  liver,  and 
convey  it  to  the  hepatic  duct. 

Pom  Cri  a'.nki,  P.  Exhalan'tet  seu  Sndnrif'eri 
SOU  !'•  s<>rben'te8,  Mea'tua  cttticula'res.  The  pores 
of  the  skin. 

Poiu  ExHALAOTES,  P.  cutanei — p.  Pulmonum, 
Cellules,  bronohio — p.  Resorbentes,  P.  cutanei  — 

p.  Sudoriferi,  P.  culanei. 

PORXOG'RAl'IIY.  Pornograpb'ia  ; from morn, 
'a  prostitute,'  and  you^u,  '  I  describe.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  prostitutes  or  of  prostitution,  as  a  matter 
of  public  hygiene. 

POROCE'LE,  from  Trwpo?,  '  callus,'  and  kt,\>,, 
'a  tumour.'  A  hard  tumour  of  the  testicle  or  its 
envelopes. 

POROMA,  Induration. 

POROMPHALOCELE,  Poromphab.n. 

POROM'PHALON,  Poromph'alut,  Porompha- 
loce'le,  from  -wpoi,  'hard,'  and  oficpaXos,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia  with  hard  and  thick- 
ened parietes. 

1MIK0S,  Canal. 

POROSIS,  Cbalasa,  Induration. 

POROT'IC,  Porot'ieuc,  (F.)  Porotiqne,  from 
nupoi,  'callus.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable 
Iting  the  formation  of  eallus. 

PORPHYRA,  Purpura  — ii.  QrsBCorum,  Pe- 
teohiaa — p.  Hsemorrhagica,  Purpura  hsemorrba- 
gioa — p.  Laciniata,  Diva  umbilioalis*— p.  Umbili- 
oalis,  I'lva  umbilicali*. 

PORPHYRISM  \,  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRISMUS,  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRIZATION,  Levigation. 
PORPHYROTYPHUS,  res  Typhus. 
PORPHYRU'RIA,  Porphyria; from vop+vpa, 
'  purple,'  and  ovfjov,  '  urine.'      A  state  of  the  urine 

—  pur'puric  urine — in  which    it    deposits  the  re- 
markable colouring  matter — Pur'purine, 
taeine,  Rotao'ic  acid,  Uroir'ythrin,   Uro'rhodinc, 
f'r'rlmdine  —  in    association    with    urate    of   am- 
monia. 

P  0  R'P  II  Y  R  Y,   PorphvrCtet,   from   rrvp'Pvpa, 


PORPHYURIA 


46 


PORTA 


'purple.'  A  species  of  very  hard,  compound 
rock,  susceptible  of  considerable  polish,  and  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  mortars  and  slabs  for  the 
apothecary. 

Porphyry,  Black,  Ophites. 
PORPHYURIA,  Porphyruria. 
PO  It  RACE,  Porraceous. 

PORRA'CEOUS,  Porra'ceus,  Pra' sinus,  from 
porrum,  ' a  leek.'  (F.)  Porrace.  Having  the 
green  colour  of  the  leek.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  excreted  matters,  —  the  sputa,  bile  and 
faeces  particularly. 

PORREAU,  Allium  porrum. 
PORRECTUM,  Lever. 
PORRET,  Allium  porrum. 
PORRIDGE,  ATHOL.  see  Mahogany. 
PORRTGIXE,  Porrigo  favosa. 
PORRIGINEUX,  Porriginous. 
PORRIGINOSUS,  Porriginous. 
PORRIG"INOUS,  Porriyi.no' sus,  (F.)  Porri- 
gineux.     Appertaining  to  porrigo. 

PORRI'GO  (L.),  'scurf  or  scall  in  the  head.' 
Tin'ea,  Favus,  Furfura'tio,  Furfures,  Ecpye'sis 
seu  Phlysis  porrigo,  Trichono'sis,  Scalled  head 
■  in  general,  Scallard ;  from  porrigere,  '  to  spread.' 
(F.)  Teigne,  Bache.  Some  of  the  varieties  are 
contagious.  It  is  principally  characterized  by  an 
eruption  of  the  pustules,  called  favi  and  achores, 
unaccompanied  by  fever. 

Porrigo  Conferta,  P.  scutulata. 
Porrigo  Decal'vans,  Tricho'sis  a'rea,  Area, 
Alope'cia  area'ta  seu  partia'lis  seu  circumscrip'ta, 
Phytoalope'cia,  Trichono'sis  fnrfura'cea,  Tyr'ia, 
Tyro' ma,  Ophi'asis,  Tin'ea  tondens,  Herpens  ton- 
sil'runs,  Squarra  tondens,  Limited  or  partial  Bald- 
ness, consists  of  patches  of  baldness  without 
decay  or  change  of  colour  in  the  surrounding 
hair,  the  exposed  parts  of  the  scalp  being  glab- 
rous, white,  and  shining.  The  morbid  condition 
sometimes  spreads,  so  that  the  patches  coalesce, 
rendering  the  baldness  extensive.  To  a  vege- 
table growth,  found  at  the  roots  of  the  hair 
in  Tinea  tondens,  Gruby  gives  the  name  3ficros'- 
poron  Audoui'ni.  It  is,  also,  called  Trieoph'yton 
seu  Trichom'yces  tonsu'rans.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  keeping  the  scalp  cleared  by  constant 
shaving,  and  in  the  steady  application  of  some 
stimulating  liniment  or  ointment. 

Porrigo  Favo'sa,  Ce'rion,  Favus,  Ecpye'sis 
porrigo  favosa,  Tinea  favosa,  Sca'bies  cap'itis 
favosa,  Melice' ra.  Melice'rum,  Melice'ria,  Mel- 
lifa'vium.  Porrigoph'yta,  Honey-comb  Scall  or 
Tetter,  (F.)  Teigne  faveuse,  Porrigine.  This  con- 
sists in  an  eruption  of  pustules  common  to  the 
head,  trunk,  and  extremities,  pea-sized,  flattened 
at  the  top,  in  clusters,  often  uniting;  discharge, 
fetid;  scabs,  honey-combed;  the  cells  filled  with 
fluid.  It  occurs  both  in  early  and  adult  life. 
Modern  researches  have  satisfied  some  observers, 
that  the  crusts  of  favus  are  of  vegetable  nature, 
and  formed  of  a  parasitic  plant,  belonging,  ac- 
cording to  Gruby,  to  the  obsolete  genus  myco- 
derm'a.  MM.  J.  Miiller  and  Lebert  refer  it  to 
the  genus  O'idium,  and  call  it  O'id'ium  Schonlei'ni, 
whilst  Remak  assigns  it  to  a  new  genus  under  the 
name  Achorion  Sehonleinii.  The  point  is  not, 
however,  settled.  The  treatment  of  this  variety 
must  consist  in  the  exhibition  of  laxatives  and 
the  mildest  stimulating  ointments,  such  as  the 
TJng.  zinci,  Ung.  hydrargyri  pracipitat.  alb.,  &c. 
Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp  is  often  confounded 
with  Porrigo. 

-  Porrigo  Fur'furans,  Ecpyesis  porrigo  fnr- 
fura'cea, Tinea  seu  Tricho'sis  furfuracea  seu 
porrigino'sa.  Pityriasis,  Teigne  furfuracee  (Ali- 
bert),  commences  with  an  eruption  of  small  acho- 
res, the  fluid  of  which  soon  concretes  and  sepa- 
rates in  innumerable  thin,  laminated  scabs,  or 
scale-like  exfoliations.     It  is  attended  with  a  good 


deal  of  itching  and  some  soreness  of  the  scalp,  to 
which  the  disease  is  confined.  It  occurs  chiefly 
in  adults.  In  the  treatment,  the  scalp  must  be 
kept  shaved.  The  part  must  be  washed  re- 
peatedly with  soap  and  water,  and  an  oiled  silk 
cap  worn.  The  nature  of  the  ointments  used 
must  vary  according  to  the  period  of  disease  and 
the  irritability  of  the  part  affected.  Zinc  oint- 
ment ;  —  one  made  with  the  Cocculus  indicits  ;  — 
the  Sulphur  ointment ; — Citrine  ointment ;  I'ikj. 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi :  Tar  ointment,  and 
Nitric  acid  ointment  have  all  been  found  useful. 
Should  inflammation  or  discharge  arise,  these 
applications  must  of  course  be  intermitted. 

Porrigo  Larvalis,  P.  lupinosa. 

Porrigo  Larva'lis,  Crusta  lac'tea,  Ecpye'sis 
Porrigo  crusta' cea,  Menti'go,  Achor,  Tin'ea  lad* 
tea  seu  Fa'ciei,  Lactu'  men,  Lacti'go,  Milky  scull 
or  Tetter,  31ilkbloteh,  (F.)  Croute  de  lait  ou  hit- 
euse,  Feux  volages,  La  Graine.  This  is,  almost 
exclusively,  a  disease  of  infancy.  It  commonly 
appears  first  on  the  forehead  and  cheeks,  in  an 
eruption  of  numerous,  minute,  whitish  achores  on 
a  red  surface.  These  break  and  discharge  a  viscid 
fluid,  which  becomes  incrusted  in  thin,  yello\vi>h, 
or  greenish  scabs.  The  patches  spread,  until  the 
whole  face  becomes,  as  it  were,  enveloped  in  a 
mask;  hence  the  epithet  larvalis.  The  disease 
is  rather  a  variety  of  Eczema.  Sometimes  the 
eruption  appears  on  the  neck  and  breast:  and, 
occasionally,  on  the  extremities.  In  general,  the 
health  of  the  child  does  not  suffer,  but  the  erup- 
tion is  always  attended  with  much  itching  and 
irritation.  The  treatment  consists  in  mild,  tepid 
ablution,  and  the  application  of  genti}'  stimu- 
lating ointments,  as  the  oxydum  zinci.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  in  a  soluble  state  by  small 
doses  of  calomel,  or  by  rhubarb  and  magnesia. 

Porrigo  Lupino'sa,  Tin'ea  lupi'na,  Fonts 
disper'sus,  Scabies  cap'itis,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  In- 
'  pino'sa,  Porri'go  larva'lis,  Impeti'go  figura'ta, 
Tin'ea  granula'ta  seu  muco'sa,  Crusta  lactea  (of 
some),  Ment'agra  infan'tum,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre 
crustacee Jiavescente,  Favus  dissemine,  consists  of 
minute  pustules  in  small  patches,  mostly  com- 
mencing on  the  scalp;  the  patches  terminate  in 
dry,  delving  scabs,  resembling  lupine  seeds;  the 
interstices  often  covered  with  a  thin,  whitish  and 
exfoliating  incrustation.  It  occurs  chiefly  in 
early  life,  and  requires  the  same  treatment  as  the 
last. 

PORRIGO  Scutula'ta,  P.confer'ta,  Tin'ea  gra- 
nula'ta seu  fico'sa,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  galea' to, 
Acho'res  seu  Sca'bies  cap'itis,  Favus  confer'tus, 
Bingworm  of  the  Scalp,  Scalled  head,  (F.)  Teigne 
annulaire,  T.  en  anneau,  T.  nummulaire,  Fuvus 
en  groupes.  It  commences  with  clusters  of  small, 
light,  yellow  pustules,  which  soon  scab  off;  and, 
if  neglected,  become  hard  by  accumulation.  If 
the  scabs  be  removed,  the  surface  is  left  red  and 
shining,  but  studded  with  slightly  elevated  points. 
If  not  attended  to,  it  involves  the  whole  head. 
It  occurs  in  children  three  or  four  years  of  age, 
and  is  very  unmanageable.  The  rules  laid  down 
under  Porrigo  furfurans  must  be  here  still  more 
perseveringly  enforced.  The  whole  tribe  of  stim- 
ulating ointments  may  be  used  in  succession. 
!  No  one  will  always  succeed,  and  hence  the  ne- 
1  cessity  of  change,  provided  advantage  should  not 
seem  to  follow  any  particular  application.  The 
Unguentnm  ad  Scabiem  of  Banyer  sometimes 
cures,  when  others  fail. 

PORRIGOPH'YTA,  Porrigo  favosa.  Porri- 
gophyte  means  the  plant  of  favus  or  of  porrigo 
favosa. 

PORRTLLOX,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

PORRUM,  Allium  porrum,  Thymion. 

PORRUS,  Sarcoma,  Thvmion. 

PORTA,  ttvXt],  Pyll,  (F.)  Porte,  '  a  gate.'   The 


PORTAL 


7  ! 


POSSESSED 


part  of  the  liver  or  other  organ — Inlu* — where  its 
■nter  a.-  by  a  gate.     See  Liver.    Also,  the 
Vulva. 

Porta    II  Liver  —  p.  Jecori 

-  p.  Lienis,  see  Spleen. 

.    V    \  >.,    I  •     '  po   la,    V.  porta'rum    seu 

-    a    purta'lia  seu   magna    sen    »/»<e  ad 

•  seu  oatia'ria 

■  lia,  Rama' Ha  vena.Jan'- 

■  i  ad  porta*. 

<f  the  vena   porta    or   the  Abdom'inal 

,   or  Portal  to/item,  I  F.)    \  ■  inc  parte, 

lar    apparatus  of    black 

.  situate  in  the  abdomen,  and  resulting  from 

-tinet    ordi    •  s,   unite. 1   into   one 

•i   trunk.      1.   One   of   these   trunks,   much 

xtensive  than  the  other,  has  received  the 

porta  ubdomina'li*,  because   it    arises 

nil  the  organs  enclosed  in  the  cavity  of  t lie 

scept   the  kidneys   and   bladder  :  and, 

in  the  female,  the  uterus.     The  Abdominal  vena 

,.\>    two    principal    r<><>ts,  the  tijifeti 

.  which    have   their 
itious  in  all  the  digestive  organs.     2.   The 
trunk,    destined    solely    to    the    liver,   has 
■.lied  the  Hepat'ic  vena  porta.      It  appears 
:  continuation  of  the  abdominal  vena  porta, 
la  towards  the  interior  surface  <>t'  the 
liver.     Opposite   the   transverse   fissure   of  that 
.  ,t  divides,  like  an  artery,  into  two  branches, 
.  by  their  union,  seem   to   form   a   canal   or 
ne  the  Sinus  of  the  vena  porta, 
\t  portal  rein.      These  branches  are  distri- 
ince  of  the  liver,  whither  they 
ompanied  by  a  prolongation  of  the  fibrous 
that  organ,  —  the  capsule  of  Glisson. 
-  of  the  vena  porta  are  de- 
Liver. 
CAL,  from  ;«//•/'/,   'agate.'     Relating  to 
ta  of  the  liver,  —  as  the  jiortal  system,  or 
i   of    the    vena    porta.     By    extension,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  an  analogous  system  of 
■  is  in  the  kidney.      See  Kidney. 

\i.    Fissorr,   see    Liver  —  p.  Fossa,   see 
Porta  Vena—j).  System  of 
Ike  K  Kidney — p.  Vein, Porta  Vena — 

of  the  Kidney,  see  Kidney. 
POR  TE-AIGUILLE,  Acutenac'ulnm,  Needle- 
Ue-bearer,  from  (F.)  porter,  'to  car- 
id  aiguille,  '  a  needle.'     An   instrument  for 
tying  hold  of  a  needle,  and  giving  it 
r  length,  when  it  is  so  fine  and  small  that 
held  by  the  fingers.     It  is  of  steel  or 
silver,  about  two  inches  long,  and  throughout  the 
its    length,  divided    into    two 
a--  to  form  a  kind  of  forceps,  capable 
by  means  of  a  sliding  ring.     A 
of  this  instrument   was  devised  by 
Dr.   Phyuick    for    taking  up  deep-seated  arteries 
1  the    reach  of  a    tenaculum    or  common 
8ts  of  a  forceps    so    constructed 
old  in   its  extremity  a  needle  armed  with 
•'ire.      The  handles  of  the   forceps   are    fas- 
mporarily,  by  a  spring  or  catch  ; 
-  fairly  dep 
th.-  \.  ssel,  it  is  <  epa  and 

a   out,  leaving   the    ligature  behind,  which 
a  ithout  difficulty. 
//.'-  BOUGIE    (F.).     A    silver    canula 
that   of  a  trochar,  except   that   it  is 
1  for  conducting  bougies  into 

P0R1  /'-   CAUSTIQUB,       /•■„„    ri.rre—p. 

scapularis. 

LAQ.    An    instrument   for   carrying 
or  fillet  over  the  limb  of  the  foetus  whilst 
in  utero,  when  turni  try. 

I'UP  TE-LIGA  77  'BE,  from  purler, '  to  carry,' 


and  ligature.     An    instrument    for    conveying  a 
ligature  to  deep-Mated  parts. 

POR  TE-  ME(  'II i:  (J. ).  from  porter,  '  to  carry.* 
and  nitrhe,  'a  tent.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
tents  or  inirhex  deeply  into  fistulous  open  : 
.Miiu.-es,  to  the  bottom  of  ulcers,  Ac.  It  i.~  a  wire 
of  silver  or  steel,  four  or  live  inches  long,  had-  g 
a  notch  at  one  extremity,  and  a  button  at  the 
other. 

PORTE-MOXA  (P.).  A  small  instrument 
for  keeping  the  moxa  applied  to  a  part  to  lie  cau- 
terised. It  consists  of  a  metallic  ring — separated 
from  the  skin  by  three  supports  of  ebony  —  to 
which  a  handle  is  adapted. 

PORTE-NCEUD  (P.),  from  porter,  'to  carry." 
and  no  ml,  'a  knot.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
a  ligature  round  the  base  or  pedicle  of  a  tumour. 

POR  TE-PIERRE  (  P.),  Porte-eawtique,  Cau$- 
lie  bearer.      An    instrument    similar    to  a 
cr<n/<>n  for  carrving  lunar  caustic. 

PORTE-SONDE (P.).  An  instrument  resem- 
bling a  porte-crayon,  employed  for  holding  the 
Btyle  or  s<ni<le,  and  inserting  it  more  readily  into 
the  nasal  duct,  during  the  operation  for  fistula 
laervmalis. 

PORTE  VETNE,  Porta  vena. 

PORTENTUM,  Monster. 

PORTER,  Cercvisia. 

PORTIO  DURA.  Facial  nerve  — p.  Inter  du- 
ram  et  mollem,  Portio  Wrishergii — p.  intermedia 
Wrishergii,  Portio  Wrishergii  —  p.  Media  inter 
portionem  duram  et  portionem  mollem,  Portio 
Wrishergii. 

Poirrio  Mollis,  Auditory  nerve. 

Por'tio  Wrisbkh'gh,  P.  interme'dia  Wrinber'- 
gii  seu  media  inter  portionem  duram  et  portionem 
moll)  ni  seu  inter  duram  et  mollem,  (F.J  /'• 
1  intermediare  de  Wrieberg,  Intermidiaire  dt  it 
berg.  A  small,  white  fasciculus,  intermediate 
between  the  portio  mollis  and  portio  dura  of  the 
seventh  pair  of  nerves,  which  was  first  described 
by  Wrisberg.  The  Chorda  Tympani  is  supposed 
by  some  to  emanate  from  this  nerve.    ' 

PORTION  C0ST0-TEACI1 K Li ENNE^  DU 

\  SACROSPINAL,  Longissimus  dorsi— p.  EcaiU 

leux  ou  equameux  du  temporal,  Squamous  portion 

of  the  temporal  —  p.  LomLuire  du  jjleu.ua  crural. 

Lumbar  plexus.  _, 

PORTION  GODRONNE  DE  LA  CORNi: 
UAMMON.  A  name  given  by  Vicq  d'Aayr  to 
a  small,  denticulated  cord,  of  a  compact  tissue 
and  granular  appearance,  which  unites  the  comu 
ammonis  to  the  paries  of  the  lateral  ventricle. 

PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus,  Duodenum. 

PORTULATA.  P.olera'eea,  Andrach'ni,  M'- 
lium  Gal'lieum.  Purslane.  (F.)  Pourpier  cult  in'. 
This  plant  abounds  with  a  watery  and  somewhat 
said  juice  ;  and  is  often  put  into  soups  or  pickled 
with  spices.  It  is  regarded  as  anti.-epi 
aperient. 

PORUS,  Callus.  Meatus  — p.  Acusticus,  Audi- 
tory canal,  internal. 

Poms   <>I''ti<  is.      An   opening   in    the   centre 
of  the  cribriform  lamella  of  the  sclerotic,  through 
which  the  central  artery  of  the  retina  enters  tho 
eyeball. 
'  POSCA,  Oxycrate. 

POSE,  Coryaa. 

P0SIM08,  1'otablo. 

POSITION,  FALSE,  False  position. 

POSOL'OGY,    Po9olog"ia,    Donolog"ia,  from 

iroffoj,  '  quantity,'  and  \<>yo<;,  '  a  discourse.'  Indica- 
tion oil  ho  doses  in  which  the  different;  articles  of  the 
materia  medics  ought  to  be  exhibited,    l  .    D 

POSOQUERIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia  Du- 
metorum. 

/-o>s/  OE,  Post 

POSSESSED,  Damoni'acua,  {Y.)Poa*(d£.   One 


POSSET 


48         rOTASSA,    ACETATE   OF 


affected  with  epilepsy,  or  other  strange  neurotic 
a  fection,  was  formerly  supposed  to  be  '  pos- 
sessed' by  a  demon.  Hence,  exorcism  and  va- 
rious religious  ceremonies,  at  one  time  employed 
to  drive  off  the  intruder. 

POSSET,  Posse' turn,  from  (L.)  posca,  'sour 
wine  and  water'  [?].  Milk  curdled  with  wine,  or 
any  acid,  or  treacle.  A  preparation  of  beer  and 
milk  :   Zythog'ala. 

Posset,  Sack,  see  Sack — p.  Sago,  see  Sago. 

POSSETTING,  Regurgitation  (of  Infants). 

POSTBRACIHALE,  Metacarpus. 

POSTCARPIUM,  Metacarpus. 

POSTE'RIOR  ANNULA'RIS.  An  external, 
interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  corre- 
sponding sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of  the 
ring-finger  and  little  finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  ring- 
finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  in- 
wards. 

Posterior  Auris,  Retrahens  auris. 

Posterior  In'dicis  Manus.  An  internal,  in- 
terosseous muscle,  which  arises  from  the  inner  or 
ulnar  side  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore- 
finger, and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  ten- 
don on  the  back  of  the  fore-finger.  Its  use  is  to 
draw  the  fore-finger  inwards. 

Posterior  Indicis  Pedis,  Abduc'tor  Indicts 
Pedis.  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  fore-toe,  and  second  of  the  small 
toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root 
of  the  first  bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Its  use  is  to  pull 
the  fore-toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Me'dii  Dig"iti  Manus.  An  exter- 
nal, interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  middle  and  ring-fingers  ;  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  mid- 
dle finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  middle  finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Medii  Dig"iti  Pedis.  Abductor 
medii  digiti  pedis.  An  external,  interosseous 
muscle,  which  originates  from  the  contiguous 
sides  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  second  and 
third  of  the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  second 
of  the  small  toes.  Its  use  is  to  pull  the  toe  out- 
wards. 

Posterior  Ter'tii  Dig"jti,  Adduc'tor  tertii 
digiti.  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  third  and  fourth  of  the  small  toes, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small  toes.  Its  use 
is  to  pull  the  toe  outwards. 

POSTHE.  Penis.  Prepuce. 

POSTHET'OMIST,  Posthet'omns,  from  notrSri. 
'prepuce,'  and  tojxv,  'incision.'  One  who  per- 
forms the  operation  of  circumcision. 

POSTHETOMY,  Circumcision. 

POSTHIA.  Hordeolum. 

POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,  Posthioplas'tiem,  from 
roQ^ii,  '  the  prepuce,'  and  v\aoow,  '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
prepuce. 

POSTHI'TIS,  Acrobysti'tis,  Acropostln'tis, 
from  TToaSn,  'the  prepuce,  the  penis.'  and  itis,  the 
termination  for  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  prepuce. 

POSTIIIUM,  Prepuce. 

POSTHON'CUS,  from  rooSn,  'the  prepuce  or 
penis,'  and  oyxoc,  '  a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
prepuce  or  penis. 

POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from  noc&r,,  'prepuce,' 
and  irXaoTiicos,  'formative.'  The  art  of  making  a 
new  prepuce. 

POST'HUMOUS,  from  post,  'after,'  and  humus, 
1  the  ground.'      Occurring  after  death. 


Posthumous  Cjtild.  One  born  after  the  death 
of  its  father,  or  taken  from  the  dead  body  of  its 
mother,  as  by  the  Ca?sarean  section. 

POSTIME,  Abscess. 

POST-MORTEM.  'After  death  ;'  as  '  a  post 
mortem  or  necroscopic  examination.' 

POST-NATUS.  '  Born  after.'  In  the  old  law 
writers,  the  second  son. 

POST-PARTUM.  'After  delivery.'  Assort 
partum  hemorrhage.' 

POSTPOSIT"IO,  {post,  'after,'  and  ponere, 
positum,  'to  place,')  'a  postponement.'  Delay 
in  the  return  of  a  paroxysm.  It  is  opposed  to 
anticipatio,  which  means  the  return  of  a  parox- 
ysm earlier  than  its  accustomed  hour. 

In  this  sense,  we  speak  of  an  anticipating,  and 
&  postponing  (Febris  hysteret' ica)  intermittent. 

POSTREMA,  Uterus. 

PO'TABLE,  Potab'ilis,  from  potare,  'to  drink.' 
Pot'imos,  Potos,  Pos'imos,  'drinkable.'  Water  is 
said  to  be  potable,  when  it  contains  atmospheric 
air :  is  not  brackish  ;  and  has  no  mineral  impreg- 
nation of  consequence. 

POTASH.  So  called  from  the  pots  or  vessels 
in  which  it  was  made; — Vegetable  alkali,  Gastri- 
num.     Also,  Potass. 

Potash  op  Commerce,  Potassa  impu'ra,  Im- 
pure potassa,  Alu'men  cati'nnm,  Cin'eres  Rus'si&t 
Snbcar'bonas  potas'sce  impu'rus,  Potas'sce  car' bm 
nas  impurus,  Lix'ivus  cinis,  the  Pear  lash  of 
commerce,  is  prepared  from  the  ashes  of  land- 
plants  by  calcination,  solution  in  water,  filtration, 
and  evaporation.  It  usually  consists  of  suhcait 
bonate  of  potassa,  sulphate  of  potassa,  chloride 
of  potassium,  silex,  oxide  of  iron,  &c. 

From  the  ashes  of  lees  of  wine,  and  from  vine- 
twigs,  a  much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It  is 
called  Cinis  in/ecto'rius  seu  /cecum,  Cin'eres  cla- 
vella'ti  seu  graveUa'ti,  Alu'men  /cecum,  (F.)  Cen- 
dres  gravelees  ou  de  sarment. 

Another  variet}'  of  the  alkali  is  afforded  by 
burning  argol  in  a  crucible  ;  afterwards  powder- 
ing and  calcining  it,  till  it  is  nearly  white:  then 
dissolving  in  water,  filtering,  and  evaporating.  It 
is  called  Salt  o/  Tartar,  Sal  Tar'tari,  Kali  pra- 
para'tum  e  tar'taro,  K.  e  tartaro,  Snbcar'bonas 
2)otasscB  puris'simus,  Potas'sce  snbcar'bonas  e  tar'- 
taro. Lastly,  when  wormwood  is  burnt  to  ashes, 
dissolved  in  water,  filtered,  and  evaporated  to 
dryness,  it  affords  another  variety  of  vegetable 
alkali,  the  Sal  absin'thii  or  Salt  0/  wormwood. 

Impure  potash  is  used  for  preparing  the  sub- 
carbonate  for  medical  use. 

POTASS,  Potassa  fusa,  Potash.  The  protoxide 
of  potassium. 

POTASSA,  ACETATE  OF,  Potassae  aeetas  — 
p.  Bichromate  of,  Potassae  bichromas  —  p.  Bisul- 
phate  of,  Potassae  supersulphas — p.  Bitartrate  of, 
Potassse  supertartras —  p.  Carbonate  of,  Potassa} 
carbonas — p.  Carbonate  of.  pure,  see  Potassse 
subcarbonas — p.  Caustica  cum  calce.  Potassa  cum 
calce — p.  Chlorate  of,  Potassse  murias  hyperoxy- 
genatus  —  p.  Chromate  of,  Potassae  cbromas  —  p. 
Chromate  of,  neutral,  Potassae  chromas — p.  Chro- 
mate of,  yellow,  Potassae  chromas. 

Potas'sa  CUM  Calce,  P.  ope  calcis  para'ta  et 
igne/usa,  Potassa  caust'ica  cum  calce,  Potass  with 
lime,  Calx  cum  kali  puro,  Cans' ticum  commit' nt 
/or'tius,  Lapis  in/erna'lis  sive  sep'ticus,  K<di 
caus'ticum  cum  calce,  Lapis  caus'ticus,  (F.)  Potasse 
preparee  avec  la  chaux,  P.  d  la  Chaux,  Pierre  a 
cautere.  (Potassce,  Calcis  aa  t^j.  Rub  together, 
and  keep  in  a  well-stopped  bottle. — Ph.  I".  S.) 
Used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  next,  but  more 
manageable  ;  being  less  deliquescent. 

Potassa,  Euchlorate  of,  Potassae  murias 
hyperoxygenatus  —  p.  Ferrocyanate  of.  Potassii 
ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferroprussiate  of,  Potassae 
cyanuretum. 


POTAS3J3   ACETAS 


49 


TOTASSiE 


Pot\--\    FUSA,    Potaaaa,   Kali  caua'ticum    seu 
tab' He   furiim 
ticum  commu'ne  acer'rimnm,    C. 
alkali' »um  seu  commu'ne  seu  potentia'le  seuSali'- 
Hydraa  ka'licum,   11.  potaa'aeB    purer  fuaa, 
Lapia    caua'ticua    seu    cauaticua 
ferna'lia  alcali'nna  sou  aep'ti- 
pto'rium  commu'ne,  Fixed  reg"etable  alkali, 
tie     of    I'otasxa,     (F.)     Potaane     cauatique. 
(Prepared  by  evaporating  solution  of  potass  to 
-  in  an   iron  vessel.)     This  preparation   is 
generally  run  into  cylindrical  moulds,covered  with 
paper,  and  kept    in    well-corked  vessels.      It   is 
I  powerfully  escharotic,  and  is    used    fur  forming 
.  curing  strictures,  <fcc. 
lssa,  Fused,  Potassa  fusa — p.  Hydriodate 
hydriodas  —  p.  Hydrobromate  of,  see 
nc — p.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Potassii  cyanure- 
tum  —  p.  Hypermanganate   of,   Potassa    hyper- 
nanganas — p.  Hyperoxalas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — 
p.    Hypertartras,    P.    supertartras  —  p.    Impura, 
i   of  commerce  —  p.   and    Iron,   tartrate   of, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — p.  with  Lime,  Potassa  cum 
calco —  p.  Liquida,  Liquor  potassae —  p.  Mephite 
subcarbonas  —  p.  Monocbromate  of, 
e  cbromas — p.  Muriate  of,  Potassie  murias 
—  p.  Nitrate  of,  Potassaa   nitras  —  p.  Ope  calcis 
et  igne  fusa,  Potassa  cum  calce  —  p.  Oxy- 
muriate  of,  Potassaa  murias  hyperoxygenatus — p. 
Permanganate    of,    Potassaa    permanganas  —  p. 
Prussiate  of,   Potassii   ferrocyanuretum — p.  and 
tartrate  of,  Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Subcar- 
of,  Potassaa  .-uhoarbonas —  p.  Sulphate  of, 
!■  suljihas  —  p.  Sulphate  of,  acid,  Potassaa 
supersulphas — p.  Sulpburet  of,  Potassae  eulpbure- 
tum  —  p.  Supercarbonate  of,  Potassaa  carbonas  — 
ersulphate  of,  Potassaa  supersulphas  —  p. 
tartrate  of,  Potassaa  supertartras  —  p.  Tar- 
trate of,  Potassaa  tarti 

POTAS'SjE    ACE'TAS,    Oxytar'tarut,    Acetas 

fi<di  seu   lixir'itr    seu    ha'licum,  Al'lcali  tar'tari 

tatura'tum,  A.  vegetab'ile  rum  aceto,  Magis- 

:    t('riuii)  tartari  purgana,    Terra  folia' ta    Tartari, 

■urn,    Sal    diuret'icua    seu    Senner'ti, 

Arca'num  tartari,  Ac"etate  of  potaaa,  (F.)  Acftate 

:    de  potaeae.    (Arid,  acetic.  Oj,  Pota88<j>.  carbon,  q.  s. 

i    Mix  and  add,  by  degrees,  enough  acetic  acid  to 

saturate    the    alkali;    then    filter   and    evaporate 

till  a  pellicle  is  formed,  which  is  to  be  dried  upon 

bibulous  paper;  evaporate  again  in  a  water-bath, 

and,  removing  the  pellicles,  dry.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  cathartic  and  diuretic.     Dose,  £j  to  ^ij, 
or  more. 
Potass  £   et   Alumina   Sulphas,  Alumen  — 
intimonias,  Antimonium    diaphoreticum  — 
p.  Biearbonas,  Potasses  carbonas. 

POTAs's.K  BlCHRO'MAS,  Kali  rhro' mirum  ru- 
brum  sen  ac"idum  seu  bichro'micum,  Bichro'tnate 
of  potan'xa.  Procured  by  adding  aulphuric,  ni- 
tric, or  acetic  arid  to  a  solution  of  the  neutral 
■  ckromate,  and  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize.  It 
is  a  violent  irritant  poison  ;  and  has  been  used 
as  a  caustic  in  cases  of  morbid  growths,  in  the 
proportion  of  from  half  a  drachm  to  a  drachm  of 
the  salt  to  from  an  ounce  to  an  ounce  and  a  half 
of  water. 

Potash  Bibulphas,  P.  supersulphas  —  p.  Bi- 
tartras,  P.  supertartras. 

Potass.*;  Car'bonas,  Kali  air  a' turn,  Biear'- 
.  bonaa  pota**(e,  Potaa'aa  bicar'bonae  (Ph.  1'.  S.. 
L.,  H.,  A  D.),  Deutocarbonae  potaaaii,  Carbonate, 
bonate  or  an  per car' 'bona te  of  potaaaa.  This 
is  not  caustic,  like  the  suboarbonate  of  potass, 
and  hence,  hu  > ■  -  < •  n  preferred  to  relieve  acidity. 
(Potass,  carbon,  tb'xr,  Aqua  deatillat.  Ox.  Pass 
carbonic  acid  through  the  solution  until  it  is 
saturate. 1.  and  filter.  Evaporate  at  a  heat  not 
exceeding  lf>0°.  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulona 
paper.     Carbonic  acid  is  obtained    from  marble 


by  the  addition  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Doe*,  gr.  x  to  _ys.  It  is  used  in  forming 
the  soda  powders,  as  well  as  for  its  antacid  pro- 
perties. 

Distillers  and  brewers  prepare  this  salt  with 
great  facility  by  suspending  a  solution  of  the  pnri- 
fied  carbonate  «f  pota**a  in  the  fermenting  tup. 
The  alkaline  salt  is  thus  surrounded  by  an  atmo- 
.-pliere  of  carbonic  acid  :  and  by  ah.-orl  ii 
crystallizes  into  bicarbonate.  The  salt  in  powder 
is  called  sal  arrutux.  Its  composition  [fl  betWi  •  i 
that  of  a  carbonate  and  of  a  bicarbonate. 

Potassa  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Car- 
bonas e  Lixivo  Cinere,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  <"ar- 
i  bonas  impurus,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Carbon*! 
parOS,  Pure  carbonate  of  potassa,  see  P.  subrar- 
bonaj! — p.  Chloras,  P.  murias  byperoxygenatus 
— p.  Chloruretum  oxydatum,  P.  inurias  hyperoxy- 
genatus. 

Potas's.*:  CnROMAs,  Kali  etro'micwm  flawm 
seu  in  ntra'/f,  Xrutral  yellow  Ckromate  or  Motio- 
cfiromate  of  potassa.  Prepared  bj  igniting  a 
mixture  of  four  parts  of  native  chromite  of  irnm 
(chrome  iron  ore)  and  one  part  of  nitre  ;  dissolv- 
ing out  the  chromate  of  potassa  by  nmicr,  tod 
crystallizing.  It  has  been  used  as  an  emetic,  ex- 
pectorant and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  as  an  emetic, 
from  two  to  four  grains;  as  an  expectorant,  from 
|th  to  ^  grain.  In  the  proportion  of  one  drachm 
to  32  ounces  of  water,  it  has  been  used  as  an  an- 
tiseptic wash  —  called  by  Jacobson,  Liquor  nm- 
|    serra'trix. 

Potassa  Citras.   Citrate  of  potaaaa.     (Arid. 

citric.  ^X,  Potaaa.  bicarb.  JXIT,  Aq.  q.  S.  Dis- 
|  solve  the  aeid  in  the  water  ;  ami  after  efferves- 
cence has  ceased,  strain  and  evaporate  to  dryness. 
The  salt  is  deliquescent,  and  must  be  kept  ia 
well-stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  pi 
the  refrigerant  properties  of  the  neutral  salts, 
and  may  be  given  in  fever,  when  to  do  little  or 
nothing  is  the  most  advisable  course.    Dose,  gr.  x 

,  to  5JSS. 

Potass.*:  et  Ff.rri  Tartras,  Ferri  tartariza- 
tum—  p.  Hydras.  Potassa  fusa. 

Potass.*:  Uvnni'onAS,  Potaaam  Protoltydri'o- 
dae,  Potae'eii  protox'idi  kydri'odae,  Kali  Hydri- 
riiiin'icnm  seu  Hydriod'icum,  Ht/driodaa  Ka'licue, 

Hydri'odate  of  pot  a  88,  (F.)  Hydriodate  de  potaaae. 

If  a  solution  of  potass  be  poured  on  iodine,  an 
iodate  and  hydriodate  are  formed.  These  ma 
be  separated  by  means  of  alcohol,  which 
dissolves  the  latter  of  these  salts.  The  hy 
date,  or  rather  the  Podide  of  Potaa'aium.  Krlivm 
Toda'tum,  Potaaaii  Todure'tum  seu  Fo'didum,  (F.) 
Todure  de  potaaainm,  may  be  obtained  by  evapo- 
ration. When  the  Iodide  of  potaeeimm  i<  dis- 
solved in  water,  it  becomes  the  Hydriodate  nf 
Patazxa.  The  following  is  the  formula  in  the 
Ph.  U.  S.  Potaee.  Jsjvj  :  lodin.  in  pnlv,  ,5xvj  ; 
Carbon,  ligni  in  pnlv.  subtiliss.  5ij:  Aq.  bvllievt. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  potassa  in  the  water:  add  the 
iodine  gradually,  stirring  until  the  solution  be- 
comes colourless,  and  continue  the  additions  until 
the  liquid  remains  slightly  coloured  from 
of  iodine.  Evaporate  to  dryness,  stirring  in  the 
charcoal  toward-  the  close.  Hub  to  powder,  and 
ji  heat  to  dull  redness  in  an  iron  crucible,  keeping 
|  up  the  temperature  for  15  minutes.  When  coo'. 
dissolve  out  the  saline  matter  with  pure 
filter  the  solution,  evaporate  and  set  aside  to 
crystallize.  By  evaporating  and  crystallising  ss 
before,  an  additional  quantity  of  crystals  may  be 
\  obtained.     Virtues,  —  those  of  iodine. 

POTASSA  .Ml  'il\S,  Sal  I>i<j<  sti'riix  sou  f.hrif'- 
iir/iix  Syl'vii,  Sjiir'itit*  xrt/i*  mnii'iii  coagnla'tua, 
Muriate  of  Pntnxx.     Bitter  and  refrigerant. 

Potass  i:  Mr'i:i\s  HtPEROXTGKNA'TPS,  Po- 
ta*8(B  CkXorat  sen  oxyvtu'riae,  Orymu'riate,  HW- 
peroaeymu'riate,  Chlorate  or  Euchlo'rate  of  potaaa, 


POTASS.E 


7  5  0 


POTASS  E 


Protochlo'rate  of  potas'sium,  Alcali  vegetab'ile 
salt' to-dephlogistica' turn,  Chlorure'tum  pot  as' see 
oxyda'tum,  Halox'dum  oxygena'tum,  Oxyge'no- 
Chlorure'tum  potas'sii.  Kali  chlo'rieum,   Chlorae 

Ka' liens  d>  pura'tus,  (F.)  Chlorate  de  potasse.  It 
1) as  been  regarded  as  antineuropathic,  and  as  an 
alterative  purifier  of  the  blood  and  humours.  It 
is  of  doubtful  efficacy.  Dose,  3  to  6  grains  or  more. 

POTASSCE  NlTRAS,  Nitrate  of  Potass,  Nitrum, 
N.  prisinat' icum,  Sal  nitriun,  Nitre,  Saltpetre,  Sal 
petrce.  Salse'do  mucrum,  Sanguin'ea,  Berenic"inm, 
JIalini'trum,  Protoni'trate  of  Potas'sium,  Nitrate 
of  protox'ide  of  Potassium,  Kali  ni'trieum,  Xi- 
tras  ha'licus  seu  lixiv'ice,  Az'otas  potas'sicus,  (F.) 
Nitrate  ou  Azotate  de  potasse.  Obtained  from  the 
putrefaction  of  animal  matters,  in  contact  with 
calcareous  or  alkaline  earths,  by  elixiviation  ; 
adding,  if  necessary,  wood-ashes  to  supply  the 
alkaline  basis.  It  is  formed,  in  an  impure  state, 
by  nature,  in  warm  climates. 

It  is  diuretic  and  refrigerant,  and,  in  large 
doses,  purgative ;  externally,  cooling  and  deter- 
gent. Dose,  gr.  x  to  3J»  In  large  doses  it  is 
an  acrid  poison. 

POTASS.E  XlTRAS  FuSUS  SuLPIJA'tIS  PaUCIL'lO 
MlXTUS,  Sal  prunel'lce,  Crystal'hts  minera'lis, 
Nitra*  pot  as' s  (B  cum  snl'phure  fusus,  Nitrum  tabu- 
ia'tum,  Lapis  Prunel'lce,  Anod'ynum  minera'le, 
Sore-throat  salt,  Min'eral  crystal.  Xitrate  of 
potass,  mixed  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potass  and 
run  into  moulds.    Its  properties  are  those  of  nitre. 

Potassce  Ox'ALAS,  Ox'alas  Acid'ulmn  Potas'- 
scb  seu  Potas'scB  acid'ulus  seu  ba'sicus,  Snperox'- 
alas  ha'licum  seu  Potasses,  Hyperoxalas  Potassce, 
Sal  Acetosel'lce,  Oxa'lium,  Kdi  oral'icum  acid'u- 
lum,  Ox'alas  subpotas'sicus,  Superox'alate  of  Pro- 
tox'ide of  Potas'sium,  Oxalate  of  Potass,  Salt  of 
Sorrel,  (F.)  Sel  d'oseille,  Sel  a  detacher.  Pre- 
pared from  the  juice  of  wood  sorrel.  It  is  re- 
frigerant, and  is  used  to  make  lemonade,  &c. 

Potassce  Oxalas  Acidulum,  Potass,  oxalate 
of — p.  Oxymurias,  P.  murias  hyperoxygonatus. 

Potass^  Perman'gaxas,  Perman'ganate  of 
potas'sa,  Hy perman'ganate  of  jiotassa,  has  been 
given  in  cases  of  diabetes.  Dose,  from  gr.  ij  to 
gr.  v,  three  times  a  day.  It  has  been  prescribed, 
also,  in  obstinate  dyspepsia. 

Potassce  Protohydriodas,  P.  hydriodas  —  p. 
Purae  fusae  hydras,  Potassa  fusa  —  p.  et  Sodae 
tartras,  Soda,  tartrate  of. 

Potassce  Subcar'bonas,  P.  Car'bonas  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  P.  carbonas  e  Lixi'vo  Cin'ere,  Subcar'bo- 
uas  Kali,  Car'bonas  Potassce,  Kali  preepara'tum, 
Sal  Herba'rum  seu  Plant  a' rum  seu  Tar'tari  seu 
Absin'thii,  Crdca'reous  Tartar,  Subcarbonate  or 
ilephite  of  Potass,  &c.  (See  Potash.)  A  filtered 
solution  of  the  impure  subcarbonate,  Potas'sce 
car'bonas  impu'rus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Pearl-ash  (see 
Potash),  evaporated  to  dryness.  This  deliques- 
cent salt  is  given  in  the  same  cases  as  the  potassa? 
carbonas,  than  which  it  is  more  caustic  and  dis- 
agreeable. 

The  Parisian  codex  has  a  Subcar'bonas  Potas'sce 
ex  tar'taro  combus'to,  vulgo  Sal  Tartari  or  Salt  of 
Tartar  —  (it  is  the  Potasses  carbonas  purus,  Pure 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  Ph.  IT.  S.);  a  Subcarbonas 
Potassce  ex  defagran'tibus  simul  tar'trate  aeid'tdo 
et  Xitrate  Potassce  paratus,  vulgo  Nitrum  ex  tar- 
taro  nxum  ;  and  a  Subcarbonas  potassce  ex  defla- 
gran'te  cum  Carbon' ibus  Xitra'te  Potassce  para- 
tus, vulgo  Nitrum  fxum.  They  are  all  used  like 
the  preceding. 

Potassce  Subcarboxas  Impurus,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

Potassa  Sulphas.  Kali  vitriola'tiun  seu  sul- 
phu'ricum,  Sulphas  Kali  Lixiv'ia  vitriola'ta,  Ni- 
trum vitriolatum  Sehroederi,  Sal  Sapien'tice  seu 
Tar'tari  Sulphura'tu/n  seu  Polychres'tus,  Specif  - 
icum    Par-acel'sL,    Spi'ritus    vitrioli    coagula'tus 


Mynsichti,  Al'kali  vegeta'bile  vitriolatum,  Sal  de 
duobus,  Arca'num  diiplica'tum,  Tar'tarum  vitrio- 
latum,  Panace'a  Ducis  Holsa'tice  seu  dnp/ica'tai 
Sulphate  of  Potass,  Protosulph'ate  if  /'../»/*'- 
sium,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  potasse.  (The  salt,  that  re- 
mains after  the  distillation  of  nitric  acid,  dis- 
solved; the  excess  of  acid  saturated  with  g 
bonate  of  potass  and  crystallized.)  Purgative 
and  diuretic.  Dose,  £$s  to  £j  as  a  laxative.  In 
a  large  dose  it  has  proved  an  irritant  poison. 

POTASS.E    SlLPHA.S   CUM  Sui/PHURE,   Sal  Poly- 

chres'tus  Glase'ri,  Lixiv'ia  Vitriola'ta  Sulpha' reak 
(Formed  by  deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass  with 
sublimed  sulphur.)  Same  virtues  as  the  lasfa 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Potassje  Sulphuretum,  Potassii  sulphuretum 

—  p.  Superoxalas,  Potassa?  oxalas. 

Potassa  Slpersll'phas,  P.  Bisulphas,  Sal 
enix'um  seu  febrifugus  of  Lem'ery,  Supersuljihute 
of  Potass,  Acid  Sulphate  or  Bisulphate  of  i 
Snper-protosidphate  of  Potas'sium,  (F.)  Bisulfite 
de  Potasse.  (The  salt  remaining  after  the  distil- 
lation of  nitric  acid,  dissolved,  strained,  and 
crystallized.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  purgative. 
Dose.  5SS  to  ^j- 

Potassce  Supertar'tras  Impu'rus,  Tar'tarm 
crudus,  Tar'tarum,  Lapis  vini,  Jfagueti'nus,  Pe~ 
dagra,  Tartar,  (F.)  Tartre  cru  ou  brut.  It  is 
called,  also,  Tartarian  rubrum  and  Bed  ArgoL 
when  obtained  from  red  wines  ;  Tartarian  album 
or  White  Argol,  when  from  white  wines.  Tartar 
is  the  saline  deposit  from  wines  as  they  become 
aged ;  which  attaches  itself  to  the  sides  of  the 
casks  and  bottles  in  which  they  are  kept.  It 
consists  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  acidulous 
tartrate  of  potass,  tartrate  of  lime,  silica,  alumen, 
oxyd  of  iron,  manganese,  and  a  red  colouring 
matter,  if  the  wine  be  red.  It  is  chiefly  used  for 
the  preparation  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Potass-E  Supertar'tras,  P.  hypertar'tras,  P. 
Bitar'tras  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  tartras  ac"ida,  C>y?- 
tal'li  Tar'tari,  Tartras  Acid'ulus  Potassce  purus, 
T.  superpotas'sicus,  T.  subpotas'sicus,  SupertarQ 
trate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Bitartrate  or  Sn- 
pertartrate  of  Potass,  Crystals  of  Tartar,  Cremor 
Tar'tari,  Cream  of  Tartar  (when  in  powder), 
Supertar' trate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Tartrate  acide  de 
potasse,  Creme  de  Tartre.  (The  tartar  of  wine 
purified.)  It  requires  60  parts  of  water  at  60° 
to  dissolve  it.  It  is  mildly  purgative,  refrigerant 
and  diuretic.  Dissolved  in  water,  with  a  small 
quantity  of  white  wine,  some  sugar  and  lemon- 
peel,  it  forms  an  agreeable  beverage  in  febrile 
diseases,  under  the  name  of  Imperial.  Dose,  as 
a  diuretic,  gj  to  ^ij ;  as  a  purgative,  ^ss  to  5.1. 

Potass js  Tartras,  Kali  tartar iza' turn,  Al'culi 
fixum  tartarisatum,  Tar'tarum  sofu'bile,  Tartarus 
tartariza'tus,  Lixiv'ia  Tartarisa'ta,  Sal  Pan- 
chres'tum,  Tartras  Kali'nus  seu  lixiv'ice,  Sal  vege- 
tab'ilis,  Alkali  vegetab'ile  tartarizatum,  Tartrati 
of  Potass.  Soluble  Tartar.  (F.)  Tartrate  de  Po- 
tasse. (Potassce  carbon,  ^xvj  ;  Potassa  Bitar- 
trat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  Ibiij.  vel  q.  s.,  aquce  bulli- 
entis,  cong.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
the  water,  add  the  bitartrate  to  saturation,  and 
boil;  filter,  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  forms,  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the  liquid  :  dry 
the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper,  and  keep  in 
closely-stopped  bottles.  —  Ph.JT.  S.)  A  saline 
cathartic  in  the  dose  of  ^ij  to  ^j. 

Potass-E  Tartras  Acipa.  P.  supertartras—  p. 
Tartras  acidulus  purus,  P.  supertartras  —  p.  Tar- 
tras stibialis  seu  stibiosus,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum. 

POTASSE,  ACETATE  DE,  Potassae  aeetas 

—  p.  Bisulphate  de,  Potassae  supersulphas — />. 
Caustique,  Potassa  fusa — p.  a  la  Chaux,  Potassa. 
cum  calce  —  p.  Chlorate  de,  Potassa?  murias  hy- 
peroxygenatus  — p.  Hydriodate  de,  Potassae  hy- 


POTASSII   BROMIDUM 


61       POTERIUM   SAN',  ;  [SORB A 


-—  p.  Liquide,  Liqaor  potassse — p.  Nitrate 
i-siv  nitres — j>.  PrSpa  chaux, 

i  cum  calce  —  p.  et 

irtrate  of— p.  Sulfate  rfi  sulphas 

S   {/iire  rfe,  Potassii  Bulpburetum —  p.  Tar- 
■  trtras — j>.  Tartrate  acide  de, 
I88B  Bupertartras. 
pOTAS'SII    BRO'MIDUM,    Potaa'a*   hydro- 
otaaaium,  (F.)  firomi 
um.      (///•',„! i'm.  ^ij  ;  Ferrifili,£j\  / 
7  -  |.  s.;  Aq.  deatillat.,  Oiv. 

•'  ron  filings  and  bromine  to  a  pint  and  a 
iter;  Btirring  for  half  an  hour.     Ap- 
ply a  gentle  heat,  and  when   the  liquor  assumes 
a  greeni.-h  colour,  add  gradually  the  carbonate  of 
Ived  in   Oiss  of  the  water,  until  it 
ceases  to  cause  a  precipitate.     Continue  the  heat 
I  an  huur,  and  filter.    Wash  the  precipitate 
with  the  remaining  water,  boiling  hot,  and  filter. 
Mix  the  li.[u<>r-  and  crystallize  by  evaporation. — 
Ph.  D.  8.)     Virtues  :  —  those  of  iodide  of  iron. 
•dm,  P.  Cyanuretum. 
Cyanure'tcm,   /'.    Cyan'idum,   Ci/a- 
r,   Hydrocy'anate    of   /' 
ill    Ferrocyanur.,  in    pulv.   .^viij:    / 
at.    exsiccat,   5'iij.      Mix   intimately  and 
into  a  deep  iron  crucible,  heated  to  red- 
keep  up  the  heat  till  effervescence  ceases, 
and  the  fused  mass   concretes,  of  a  pure  white 
.  upon  a  warm   glass   rod   dipped  into  it; 

■  ur  out  the  liquid  carefully  into  a  shallow 
solidify,  stopping  before  the  salt  becomes 

Contaminated  with  the  precipitated  iron.     Break 

up  the  mass  whilst  warm,  and  preserve  in  well- 

1  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Used  in  the  same 

as  the  hydrocyanic  acid.     Dose,  a  quarter 

of  a  grain. 

Potassii  Peuto-carbonas,  Potassa?  carbonas. 

ssu   Ferrocyanure'tum,   P.  Ferrocyan'- 

f'anide  or  Ferrocyan'uret  of  Potaa- 

tiwm,  Ferrocy'anate  or  Ferroprtwxicite  or  Pruaei- 

Potaaaa,  (F.)  Protocyanure  jaune  de  fer  et 

.  Cyanure  deft  r  et  de  potassium.  The 

double  cyanuret  of  potassium   and  iron, 

•  from  which  the  cyanuret  of  potassium  is 

1  by  calcination.     It  is  ri"t  much  used  in 

:ie.     It  has  been  advised  as  an  astringent 

In  the  colliquative  sweats  of  phthisis,  in  leucor- 

rhoea,  «fce. :  hut  it  does  not  seem  to  be  post 

of  much  activity.     Dose,  10  or  15  grains  every 

r  five  hours. 

—  ii   Hyorar'gyro-iod'idum,  Potaaea  To- 

ir'gyraa,  Hydrargyrum  biiodatum  emu  If  alio 

.    Kalium    iodatum    hydrargyratiim,   fodhy- 

■'■■    or  Hydrargyro-iodide  of  Potaaaium. 

lit  is   made   by  the   combination   of  iodide 

laaium   with    red   iodide    of  mercury.     Its 

ire  similar  to  those  of  the  iodides  of 

mercury,  but  in  a  less  degree. 

Potassii  [odidum,  Potassa  hydriodas  —  p.  Io- 

durctuii),  Potassse  hydriodas  —  p.  Oxygeno-chlo- 

murias   hyperoxygenatus  —  p. 

ridi  hydriodas,  Potassse  hydr 

Potassii  Buxpho  cyawi  rb'ti  '!.  Sulpho-eyan'- 

t'aium.     This  salt  has  been  prepared 

as  a  substitute  for  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  cyanu- 

-  um,  on  the  ground  of  iti 

•  ithoul  their  inconveni  i 
PoTASSM  Sri.i'iitttK'TiM,   Potaa'ata  Sulphnre'- 
u  teraulphure'tum,  Knli  tulphu return,  ffepar 

■  ria,    If.   nulphuria  sali'iium   bcu   aulph'uria 

S  dphure'tum     liriv'im     sen     kn'licnm, 
of  Sulphur,  Sutphuret  of  Pot 

Sulfure    dr   potaaaium    aulfntf, 

Foie  d  Sulphur.  $j.  Potaaaa  curb.  J|ij. 

Rub  them  together,  and  place  the  mixture  in  a 

I  rrii<-it,',,.  upon  the  fire  until  they  unite. 

employed  in  affections  of  the  chest, 

as  an  expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  fr»       3      to  2  . 


lilnted  ;  but  it  is  chiefly  need  ai  ■  bath 
or  wash  in  cases  of  itch,  tinea  capitis,  and  other 
cutaneous  affections.) 

Potassij    It  km  i  in i  sulphu- 

return. 

POTASSIUM.     Same  etymon  ta  potash.    The 

metallic  base  of  p  ' 

POTASSIUM,  BROMURE  DE,  see  Dr.. mine 
—  p.  Cyanuret  of,  Potassii  cyanuretum — p.  I 
cyanide  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferro- 
cyannret  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Iodide 
of,  PotasssB  bydriodas  —  p.  [odohydra 
Potassii  hydrargyro-iodidnm — p.  foe 
kaassa  hydriodas — p.  Oxide  of,  Potass  —  p.  I 
arsenite  of,  Arsenite  of  protoxide  of  potassium — p. 
Protochlorate  of,  Potassa  mm 
tus  —  p.  Protonitrate  of,  Potassse  nitras —  p.  Pro- 
toxide of,  Potass  —  p.  Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Po- 
tasssB  nitras  —  p.  Protoxide  of,  Buperoxalate  of, 
oxalate  of — p.  Protoxide  of,  supertartrate 
of,   Potasssa  Bupertartras  —  p.  Protosulpbate  of, 
Potassse  sulphas — p.  Sulfure  de,  aulfati,  Potassii 
sulphuretum  —  p.  Sulphuret  of,   Potassii  Bulpha- 
retum—  p.  Saperprotosulphate  of,  Potassse  Buper- 
sulphas. 

POTATO,  Solanum  tuberosum. 
Potato  Pit,  Lytta  vittata. 
Potato,  Hog,  Convolvulus  panduratns. 
Potato  Oil,  Oil,  fusel.    15y  distilling  potato  oil 
with  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  a  volatile  color- 
less oily  liquid  is  procured,  which  is  lighter  than 
water,  and   boils  at  102°.     This  is  Am'ylene  or 
Am'ijlen,  (F.)  Amyline.     It  is  best  prepared  from 
fusel  oil  by  the  action  of  chloride  of  zinc.     The 
vapour  has  been  employed  as  an  anaesthetic. 

Potato,     Spanish,    Convolvulus     batatas  —  p. 
Sweet,  Convolvulus   batatas. 

Potato  Vans,  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratns. 
Potato,  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratns. 
POTBELLY,  Physconia. 
POTECARY,  Apothecary. 
POTELEE,  Hyoscyamua. 
POTENTIA,  Force. 

Poten'tia  seu  Potes'tas  Cokdv'di,  Capability 
of  copulation. 

Potentia  Generan'di.     The  power  of  procre- 
ation. 

Potentia  IRRITANB,  Stimulus. 
POTENTIAL,    Potentia'lia,    (P.)     Potential; 
from  potent,  'able.'  An  epithet  for  remedies  \\ hich, 
although  energetic,  do  not  act  till  sometime  after 
their    application.      The   caustic   alkalies,   for  in- 
stance, are  called  Potential  cauteriea  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  hot  iron,  which  is  termed  actual. 
POTBNTILLA,  P.  reptans. 
Potentil'i.a  Anskim'na.  /'.  argenti'na  B 
po'lita  seu  neglec'ta,   Argenti'na   vulga'rie,  Fra- 
ga'ria    aneerCna,  Argentine,   Ckenoboa'con,    Ar- 
genta'ria,   Anaeri'na,   Silver   Weed,    Wild   Tanay, 
Moorgraaa,  (F.)  Argentine,  Pot eu title,  fferbt    mux 
oiea.      Ord.    I:  The    leaves    are    mildly 

astringent  and  tonic, 

P'.i  i mil i. a  Argbrttoa,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Im- 
polita,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Neglects,  P.  anserina. 

Potentilla  Nobveo"i(  \ .  Norway  Cinq 
an   indigenous   plant,  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

Poti mm. i  v  Pah  btkis,  Comaram  palnstre, 
p.. 1 1  m  :i  'la  Rl  Pi  kRS,  Pentnphyl'lum,  I 
ria   pentaphyl'lum,    Potentil'la,    Quinquefo'lium, 
Q,  uKijux,  Common  cinquefoil,    I'.    Potentt 
pante,  Quintefeuille.     The  roots  arc  | 
astringent  properties. 

Potrrttlla  Tormrrttlia,  Tormentilla. 
POTENTILLB,  Potentilla  anserina— p.  Ram- 
pant* .  Potentilla  reptans. 
POTBNTIZING,  roe  Dynamic 


POTERIUM     BAN.GUISORBA,     PimpineUa 
saxifraira. 


POTESTAS   COEUNDI 


752 


POULS 


POTESTAS  COEUNDI,  Potentia  coeundi— p. 
Generandi,  Potentia  generandi. 
POTEX,  Anus. 

POTHOMOR'PHA  PELTA'TA,  Pothomor'phe 
pelta'ta,  (pathos,  and  /io/)0>?,  'shape,')  Caapeba  [?]. 
A  Brazilian  plant,  Order,  Piperaceae,  which  is 
possessed  of  diuretic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  strangury. 

Pothomorpha  Umbella'ta,  also  called  Caa- 
peba [?],  is  used  in  Brazil  to  modify  nutrition,  as 
in  glandular  affections,  in  which  it  is  also  given 
externally  in  the  form  of  decoction. 

POTHOS  F03TIDA,  Dracontium  foetidum— p. 
Putorii,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
POTIMOS,  Potable. 

POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus,  Potion  —  p.  Calcis 
carbonatis,  Mistura  cretae  —  p.  Effervescens  anti- 
emetica,  Potion  of  Riverius  —  p.  Leniens,  Looch 
ex  ovo  —  p.  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo  —  p.  Picea,  see 
Pinus  svlvestris. 

POTION  (F.),  Potto;  from  poto,  <I  drink.' 
Hydrole,  Hydrolite.  A  liquid  medicine,  from  4 
to  8  ounces  or  more  in  quantity,  the  composition 
of  which  varies,  and  which  is  administered  in  di- 
vided doses.  It  corresponds  to  the  English  mix- 
ture.     See  Mistura. 

POTION  P  EOT  OR  ALE,  Looch  ex  ovo. 
Potion  of  Rive'rius.  A  mixture  of  Lemon 
Juice  and  Subcarbonate  of  Potass,  —  generally 
given  in  a  state  of  effervescence.  It  is  the  Potio 
efferves'  cens  anti-emet'ica  dicta  Rive'rii,  of  the 
Parisian  codex.  The  name  in  the  codex  indi- 
cutcs  its  use 

POTIONIS  DESIDERIUM,  Thirst. 
POT  IRON,  Cucurbita  pepo. 
POTIUNCULA,  Haustus. 
P0T0PARANO3A,  Delirium  tremens. 
POTOS,  Potable. 

POTOTROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 
POTTINGAR,  Apothecary. 
POTT'S  CURVATURE,  Vertebral  disease. 
POTT'S  DTSEASE,  Vertebral  disease. 
POTUS,  Drink  — p.  Hippocraticus,  Claret. 
POU,  Pediculus. 
POUCE,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 
POUCHED,  Encysted. 

POUCHES,  LARYNGEAL,  see  Laryngeal 
pouches. 

POUDRE,  Powder,  Pulvis — p.  Absorbante  et 
anti-acide,  Pulvis  de  magnesia  compositus — p. 
d'Alun  composee,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminae  com- 
positus—  p.  Antiarthritique  amere,  Pulvis  de 
amaris  compositus  — p.  Antiasthmatique,  Pulvis 
de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  Antimoniale  composee  ou 
de  James,  Antimonial  powder — j).  Aromatique, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p.  d'Asarum  com- 
posee dite  sternutatoire,  Pulvis  asari  compositus 
— p.  Balsamique,  Pulvis  myrrhae  compositus — p. 
de  Birckmann,  Pulvis  de  aro  compositus — p.  de 
Blanchement,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Cannelle 
composee  ou  aromatique,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  com- 
positus— p.  Castillon,  see  Powders,  Castillon — p. 
Cathartique,  Pulvis  scammoneae  compositus — p. 
Caustique  da  frere  Cosme,  Powder,  arsenical,  of 
C6me — p.  de  Chypre,  see  Cladonia  rangiferrina — 
p.  du  Comte  de  Palme,  Magnesias  carbonas — p. 
Cornachine,  Pulvis  cornachini — p.  de  Come  bru- 
lee  avec  opium,  Pulvis  cornu  usti  cum  opio — p. 
Coton,  see  Collodion — p.  de  Craie  composee,  Pul- 
vis creta?  compositus  —  p.  de  Craie  composee  avec 
opium,  see  Pulvis  cretae  compositus  cum  opio — p. 
de  Dower,  Pulvis  ipecacuanha?  compositus — p.  du 
Due  de  Portland,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandiae — p. 
de  Dupuytren,  Powder  of  Dupuytren  — p.  Gazi- 
fere  laxative,  Powders,  Seidlitz — p.  Gazifere 
simp>le,  Powders,  soda — p.  de  Gomme  adragant 
composee,  Pulvis  tragacanthas  compositus  —  p.  de 
Gomme  gutie,  Pulvis  e  guuimi  gutta — p.  Hydra- 
qogue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta, — p.  Incisive,  Pulvis 


de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  d' Ipecacuanha  et  opium, 
Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus — p.  de  Jalap 
composee,  Pulvis  jalapas  compositus  —  p.  de  Kino 
composee,  Pulvis  kino  compositus — p.  de  hi  Mi- 
randole,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandiae — p.  de  Perardt 
Pulvis  de  senna,  scammonea  et  lignis — p.  de 
Quercetaiius,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — p.  de  lious- 
selot,  Powder,  arsenical,  of  Come — p.  de  Saint 
Ange,  Pulvis  asari  compositus — p.  de  Savon  veye- 
tale,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinus — p.  de  Scam  mo- 
nee  composee,  Pulvis  scammoneae  compositus — p. 
de  Sedlitz,  Powders,  Seidlitz  —  p.  de  Sene  compo- 
see, Pulvis  sennas  comp. — p.  de  Sentinelli,  Mag- 
nesias carbonas — p.  Styptique,  Pulvis  sulphatia 
aluminae  compositus. 

POUDRE  SUBTIL  DE  DEL  CROIX.  A 
fashionable  depilatory  "  for  removing  superfluous 
hair  in  less  than  ten  minutes."  It  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  Quicklime  and  Snlphuret  of  Arsenic,  with 
some  vegetable  powder.  —  Paris. 

POUDRE  TEJIPERANTE  DE  STMII, 
Pulvis  de  sulphate  potassae  compositus — p.  de 
Tennant,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Valentini,  Mag- 
nesias carbonas — p.  Vermifuge  mercurielle,  Pulvis 
e  sulphureto  hydrargyro  nigro  et  scammonio — p. 
Vermifuge  sans  mercure,  Pulvis  ex  helminthucorto 
compositus. 

POUDRE  DE  Z WINGER,  Magnesias  car- 
bonas. 

POUGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
alkaline  waters  are  in  the  department  of  Nievre, 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chloride  of  sodium  j 
alumina,  and  silica,  with  protoxide  of  iron. 
POUKE,  Papula. 
POU  LAIN,  Bubo. 

POULET,  VIN  DE  (F.)  Pullet  Wine.  A 
disgusting  preparation,  made  by  infusing  the  ex- 
crement of  the  pullet  in  white  wine.  According 
to  Nysten,  it  is  employed  by  the  vulgar  in  France 
in  a  number  of  diseases,  and  especially  in  Jails, 
contusions,  <fcc. 

POULIOT,  Mentha  pulegium. 
POULS,  Pulse—/).  Abdominal,  Pulsus  inferior 
— p.  des  Adultes,  Pulse,  natural — p.  Agite,  Pulsus 
fortis — p.  Bas,  Pulse,  low — p.  Capital,  Pulse, 
nasal — p.  Combine,  Pulse,  complex — p.Compliqne, 
Pulse,  complex — p.  Compose,  Pulse,  complex — p. 
Concentre,  Pulse,  contracted — p.  Defaillant,  Pul- 
sus deficiens — p.  Deprime,  Pulse,  depressed — ;>. 
Developpe,  Pulse,  developed  —  p.  de  la  Diarrhee, 
Pulse,'intestinal — p.  Dur,  Pulse,  hard — p.  Elere, 
Pulse,  ardent  —  p.  Embarrasse,  Pulsus  intricatus 
— p.  de  I'Estomac,  Pulse,  stomachal  —  p.  Etroit, 
Pulsus  strictus — p.  de  V Expectoration,  Pulse, 
pectoral — p.  Faible,  Pulse,  feeble — p.  du  Foie, 
Pulse,  hepatic — p.  Grand,  Pulse,  large — p.  Insen- 
sible. Pulsus  deficiens — p.  Intcrcadeut,  Pulse,  in- 
termittent— p.  dea  Intestins,  Pulse,  intestinal—;). 
Languissant,  Pulse,  languid — p.  Lent,  Pulse,  slow 
—  p.  de  la  Matrice,  Pulsus  uterinus — p.  Modiri. 
Pulse,  natural — p.  JIou,  Pulse,  soft  —  p.  de  Nz, 
Pulse,  nasal  —  p.  Ondoyant,  Pulse,  undulating  — 
p.  Ondulant,  Pulse,  undulating  —  p.  Palpitant^ 
Pulse,  tremulous — p.  Parfait,  Pulse,  natural — p. 
Petit,  Pulse,  small— jo.  Plein,  Pulse,  full—  p. 
Precipite,  Pulse,  frequent — p.  Prof  and,  Pulse, 
deep — p.  Prompt,  Pulse,  sharp  —  p.  Rare,  Pulse, 
slow  —  p.  Rebondissant,  Pulsus  dicrotus — p.  Re- 
double, Pulsus  dicrotus — p.  des  Regies.  Pulsus 
uterinus — p.  Roide,  Pulse,  tense — p.  Serratile, 
Pulsus  serrinus — p.  Serre,  Pulse,  contracted — p. 
de  la  Sueur,  Pulsus  sudoralis — p.  Tardif,  Pulse, 
slow — p.  Tendu,  Pulse,  tense  —  p.  T/emblant, 
Pulse,  tremulous  —  p.  de  V Urine,  Pulsus  urinalis 
— p.  Vehement,  Pulsus  fortis — p.  Ventral,  Pulsus 
inferior — p.  Vide,  Pulsus  \  wuus — p.  Vif,  Pulse, 
sharp — p.   Vite,  Pulse,  sharp. 


POULTICE 


rox 


POULTICE,  Cataplasm.  For  different  poul- 
iplasm  and  Cataplasms. 

POUNCE,  Saodarae. 

POL*  XI).  Libra,  Litra,  Xirpa,  Pondo,  Ba- 
aefdia  (of  twelve  oz.),  Barda'dia,  (P.)  Wore, 
from  j  ■'     A  weight,  consisting 

of  twelve  ounces  Troy,— sixteen  ounces  avoirdu- 
pois.    See  Weights  and  Measures. 

POURD-MILK,  C  ilostrura. 

POURPIER  iTI.TiYK.  Portulaca, 

POURPRE,  Purpura — j>.  Blanc,  .Miliary  fe- 
ver— ■•■•.  Purple  of  Cassiu8. 

POURRITURE,  Putrefaction— j>.  d'Hdpital, 
B  jrene. 

POUSSE,  Pursiness. 
POUSS^E,  Lichen. 

POUSS1ERE  TUBERCULEUSE  (?.),  <Tu- 
bercn1  V  name  given  by  MM.  Rilliet 

and  Barthez  to  6ne  white  or  yellow  minute  points 
of  tuberculous  matter  occurring  in  myriads,  so  as 
ikened  to  dust. 
POUSSTF,  see  Pursiness. 
POW,  Bead. 
POWDER,  Pul vis. 

Powder  op  .Kthio'pja,  Guy's.     A  once  cele- 
brated   anthelmintic,    which    consisted   of    pure 
tin,   mercury,  and  sulphur,  triturated  to- 
gether. 

Powdi  r  iif  Aloes,  CoMPOnxD,  Pulvis  aloes 
eompositus,  Pulvis  sulphatis  alumina?  compositus 
—  p.  of  Aloes  with  canella,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  ea- 
nella  —  p.  Alum,  compound.  Pulvis  sulphatis 
alumina-  compositus — p.  Antimonial.  Cbenevix's, 
Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Aromatic,  Pulvis  einna- 
momi  compositus. 

Pow  DER,  ARSEN'iCAL,  OF  CoMK,  Comes  powder, 
udre  cauatique  Hu  fre're  Coame  ou  tie  Rous- 
aelot —  a  caustic  —  is  formed  of  araenioua  acid,  gr. 
x;  red  aulphuret  of  mercury,  gr.  xl  :  powdered 
annual  charcoal,  gr.  x.  It  is  made  into  a  paste 
with  mucila 

(it.  Arsen'ical,  of  Jfstamoxd,  is  made 
by  melting  aulphuret  of  antimony  16  parts: 
arseuimiH  acid  1  part,  in  a  crucible.  When  the 
mass  is  cold  it  must  be  reduced  to  powder,  and 
five  parts  of  extract  of  opium  be  added. 

Powdkr  ok  Aim  m,  compound,  Pulvis  de  aro 
compositus — p.  of  Asarabacca,  compound,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus  —  p.  of  Bladder- wrack,  yellow. 
Pulvis  quercus  marinas — p.  Bleaching,  Calcis 
chloridum — p.  Camhoge,  Pulvis  e  gtuumi  gutta  — 
rdinal  del  Lugo's,  Cinchona  —  p.  Castillon, 
lion — p.  of  Catechu,  compound, 
Pulvis  Catechu  compositus  —  p.  of  Chalk,  com- 
pound, Pulvis  cretoe  compositus  —  p.  of  Chalk 
with  opium,  compound,  Pulvis  cretSB  compositus 
cum  opio  —  p.  of  Cinnamon,  compound.  Pulvis 
cinnamomi  compositus  —  p.  Cdme's,  Powder  arse- 
nical  of  Come  —  p.  of  Contrayerva,  compound, 
Pulvis  contrayerva?  compositus  —  y.  Countess's, 
Cinchona — p.  Countess  of  Kent's.  Cantianus  pul- 
vi — p.  Cyprus,  Hibiscus  abelmosehus  —  p.  L>o- 
.  Pulvis  ipecacuanha  compositus. 
Powder  or  Doputtrrh  <'\i  bttc;)  (T.)  Pou- 
dre  de  Dupuytren,  formed  of  1  pari  of  arsenioui 
acid  and  200  parts  of  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 
A  mild  and  manageable  caustic  for  causing  an 
eschar  on  exposed  surfaces,  and  in  lupos, 

Powiikk,  Barl  ok  Warwick's,  Pulvis  corna- 
chini  —  p.  of  Ethiopia,  Powder  of  Ethiopia. 

Powdeb  ok  1  \Y\\i;i).  A  celebrated  powder 
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to  be  nothing 
more  than  the  eharooa]  ol  beech  wood  finely  puj- 
rerised. 

PoWDBB,   Flyer,  ScHWAHBEBO's,  Antimonial 
powder. 
48 


PoWDVR-FoLDBB,  In  Pharmacy,  an  apparatus 
by  which  papers  containing  powders  are  folded 
of  the  desired  length. 

POWDBB,  fJlEOI  i:   IB!  V-.  BOC   Amomum  Bingiber 

— ]>.  Soot,  l>ukc  of  Portland's,  Pulvis  Dacis  Port- 
landlSB  —  p.  Gray,  Hydrargyrum  cum  cr.-ta  — p. 
of  hum t  Hartshorn  with  opium,  Pulvis  cornu 
ccrvi  cum  opio  —  p.  of  Ipecacuanha,  compound, 
Pulvis  ipecacuanha  eompositus  —  p.  of  Jalap, 
compound,  Pulvis  jalapsB  eompositus — p.  J 
factitious.  Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Jesuit's,  Cin- 
chona—  p.  of  Kino,  compound,  Pulvis  kino  com- 
positus. 

Powdbb,  Knox's.     A  disinfecting  preparation, 

composed  of  eight  parts  of  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  three  parts  of  chlorinated  lime.  An  ounce, 
dissolved  in  a  tumblerful  of  water,  forms  a  solu- 
tion of  proper  strength. 

POWDBB  OF  Lemonade,  see  Lemonade  —  p.  of 
Magnesia,  compound.  Pulvis  de  magnesia  eom- 
positus—  p.  of  the  Marquis,  Marchionis  pulvis — 
]>.  Mead's,  against  the  bite  of  a  Mad  dog,  Pulvis 
antilyssus — p.  .Myrrh,  compound,  Pulvifl  myrrhio 
compositus — p.  Portland.  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandite 
— p.  of  Rhubarb,  com  pound,  Pulvis  rhei  compositus 

—  p.  Saline,  compound,  Pulvis  salinus  compositus 

—  p.  of  the  three  Sanders,  see  Diatriutn  —  p. 
Bcammony  and  aloes,  Pulvis  scammonii  cum  aloe 

—  p.  Bcammony,  compound,  Pulvis  Bcammonisa 

compositus — p.  of  Senna,  compound.  Pulvis  s.n- 
nSB  compositus— p.  Sneezing,  see  Ycratrum  allium 

— p.  Spruce  beer,  see  Spruce  beer — p.  of  Sympathy, 

Sympathetic  powder  —  p.   Talhor's,    Cinchona  — 

—  p.  Tennant's,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  Tonquin, 
Pulvis  cobhii  —  p.  Tooth,  Dentifrice  —  p.  Tra- 
gacanth,  compound,  Pulvis  tragacanthie  compo- 
situs. 

Powder,  Vien'na,  is  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  quicklime  and  potassa  cum  calce.  In  using 
it,  it  is  made  into  a  paste —  Vienna  )>uste,  (F.) 
Cauatique  de  Vienne,  Pule  Cauatique  de  I  ienne  — 
— with  spirits  of  wine,  ami  is  applied  on  the  dis- 
eased part,  previously  circumscribed  by  a  bole 
cut  in  a  sticking  plaster. 

To  be  left  on  from  10  to  20  minutes,  according 
to  the  depth  of  the  eschar  required.  Used  in 
cases  of  lupous  ulceration. 

By  fusing  the  potass  and  lime,  and  raising  the 
heat  so  as  to  cause  ebullition,  the  caustic  may  he 
run  into  cylinders: — when  it  is  called  Cauatique- 
Filhoa,  Cons' ticum  Vicunen'se  fusum.  Filhos,  from 
the  name  of  the  author  of  the  process. 

Powdehs,  Castillon,  or  Castilhon,  so  called 
from  the  name  of  the  physician  who  first  proposed 
them.  They  are  formed  of  aago,  in  powder  :  aalep, 
in  powder;  tragacanth,  in  powder,  each,  four 
parts  ;  prepared  oyater-ehella,  one  part,  cochineal, 
half  a  part,  divided  into  powders  of  one  drachm 
each  :  one  of  which  is  given  three  or  four  times 
a  day  as  a  demulcent  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 
Dorvault  makes poudre de  Caatilhon  synonymous 
with  arrow  root. 

POWDBRS,    Soda,  Pul'veres  r(T>>vcsce)i'tes,  (F.) 

Poudrea  gatifirea  timplea,  [Soda  cirh.  Jss,  in 
each  blue  paper;  tartaric  acid,  gr.  xxv,  in  each 
white  paper:  for  half  a  pint  of  water.]  A  pleasaqt, 
cooling  drink  ;   taken   during  the  effervescence. 

Seidlitx  Potedere,  (F.)  Poudrea  gauif  tree  laxa* 
ft  vet  ou  Poudrea  de  Sedlitz,  contain  one  or  two 
drachms  Of  tartrate  of  potasSB  and  soda,  added 
to  the  alkali  in  blue  paper. 

POWER,  Faculty— p.  Inherent.  Irritability— 
p.  Sensorinl,  see  Sensorial — p.  Tonic,  Irritability. 

POX,  Syphilis.  Variola— p.  Chicken,  Varicella. 

Pox  Doctor,  Byphilidiater. 

Pox,  Pbbnch,  Syphilis — p.  Grease. 
—  p.  Horn,  see  Varicella — p.  Noddle,  Svphiloma- 
nia  —  p.  Small,  Variola  —  p.  Swine,  see  Varicella 
— p.  Water,  see  Varicella. 


POZZUOLI,    MINERAL   WATERS   OF    754 


PREDISPOSITION 


POZZUOLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Poz- 
zuoli  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Naples.  The 
springs  are,  1.  Aqua  delta  pietra,  Temp.  91°  Fah. 
2.  Acqua  di  Cuvalcanti,  Temp.  100°.  A.  di  sub- 
vcni  honiini,  Temp.  102°  ;  A.  del  cantarello,  Temp. 
86  to  89°  ;  and  that  of  the  Temple  of  Serapis  in 
Pozzuoli,  Temp.  102  to  107°.  The  last  contains 
carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  alu- 
mina, and  iron,  carbonate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  silica. 

PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics. 

PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL,  Surgeon  apo- 
thecary— p.  Irregular,  see  Irregular — p.  Regular, 
see  Regular — p.  Routine,  Routinist. 

PRiE.     In  composition,  means  'before.' 

PR^BIUM,  Dose. 

PRiECAUTIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PRiECIPITANS,    Absorbent  — p.    Magnum, 

^  PR.ECIPITATUM  ALBUM,  Hydrargyrum 
praecipitatum. 

PR^CIPITATUS  RUBER,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum. 

PR^ICISIO  PR^PUTII,  Circumcision. 

PR^COCIA,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

PRECOCITY,  Precocity. 

PR^ECOGNITIO,  Prognosis. 

PRyECORD'IA,  from  pra>,  and  cor,  cordis, 
'  the  heart.'  The  diaphragm  ;  also,  the  thoracic 
viscera,  and  the  epigastrium. 

Pr^ecor'dial  or  Precordial  Region,  Re'gio 
prcBcordinca  seu  prcecordia'lis,  is  the  epigastric 
region.  Also,  and  more  properly,  the  region  of 
the  heart.  A  line  drawn  from  the  inferior  mar- 
gins of  the  third  ribs  across  the  sternum,  passes 
over  the  valves  of  the  pulmonary  artery  a  little 
to  the  left  of  the  mesial  line,  and  those  of  the 
aorta  are  behind  them,  but  about  half  an  inch 
lower  down.  A  vertical  line,  coinciding  with  the 
left  margin  of  the  sternum,  has  about  one-third 
of  the  heart,  comprising  the  upper  portion  of  the 
right  ventricle,  on  the  right,  —  and  two-thirds, 
comprising  the  lower  portion  of  the  right  ventri- 
cle and  the  whole  of  the  left,  on  the  left.  This 
is  the  precordial  region. 

PRiECORDIUM,  Fossette  du  cceur  —  ^.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

PR2ECOX  MATURITAS,  Precocity. 

PR^CUSTODIA,  Prophylaxis. 

PRJ3DIASTOLICUS,  Prediastolic. 

PRJ3DICTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^DISPOSITIO,  Predisposition. 

PRjEDIVLNATIO,  Mantia. 

PRyEDOMIN'IUM,  from  pros,  and  domo,  domi- 
tnm,  '  I  subdue.'  Predominance  of  one  thing  over 
another. 

Pr^edomin'ium  Aqu^e.  A  predominance  of 
watery  fluid,  —  Tenu'itas  aquo'sa. 

PrjEDOMINIUM  San'guinis  Arterio'si.  A  pre- 
dominance of  arterial  blood,  Arterios'itas  san'- 
gui His. 

Pr^domin'ium  San'guinis  Veno'st,  Ven08'it<X8 
Sanguinis.     Predominance  of  venous  blood. 

PRJEFOCATIO,  Orthopnoea,  Suffocation  —  p. 
Faucium,  Angone — p.  Matricis,  Angone — p.  Ute- 
rina,  Angone. 

PR^EFOCATION,  Strangulatio  uterina. 

PR/EFORMATIO,  Preformation. 

PRiEGNANS,  Pregnant. 

PR^EGNAS,  Pregnant. 

PR.EGNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PR.EGNATUS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PRiEGNAX,  Pregnant. 

PR/EGUSTATIO.  Avant-gout. 

PR.EHENSIO,  Prehensio. 

PR^ELIN'GUA.  The  anterior  part  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PR.ELIUM,  Coition,  Press,  Tourniquet— p. 
Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 


PRiELUMBARIS,  Prelumbar. 

PR^INOTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^ENUNTIATIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^EPARATIO,  Preparation— p.  Chyli,  Chy- 
lification. 

PR^PARATUM,  Preparation. 

PR^EPOTEN'TTA,  from  prce,  and  jmtem, 
'powerful,'     Great  power  or  strength. 

Pr^epoten'tia  Yiri'lis.  Great,  or  too  great 
procreative  power  on  the  part  of  the  male. 

PR.EPOTTO,  Propotismus. 

PR^EPUTIALIS,  Preputial. 

PRiEPUTIUM,  Prepuce. 

PR^ISAGIUM,  Mantia. 

PRiESCIENTIA,  Prognosis. 

PR.ESCTTIO,  Prognosis. 

PRiESCRIPTIO,  Prescription. 

PR^SCRIPTUM,  Prescription. 

PRiESEPIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

PRiESEPIUM,  Alveolus. 

PRiESERYATIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PR.ESERYATIYUM,  Amuletum. 

PR^SERYATO'RIA  INDICA'TIO.  A  pre- 
servative  indication  ;  one  proper  for  preventing 
the  development  of  disease. 

PR^ISERVATORIUS,  Prophylactic. 

PRiESPINALIS,  Prespinal. 

PR.ETIBIALIS,  Pretibial. 

PRAIRIE  BUSH,  STINKING,  Ptelea  trifo- 
liata  —  p.  Pines,  Liatris. 

PRASINUM  YIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

PRASINUS,  Porraceous. 

PRASI'TES,  from  prasium,  'horehound.' 
Wine  in  which  the  leaves  of  horehound  have 
been  infused. 

PRASIUM,  Marrubium. 

PRASUM,  Allium  prasum. 

PRAXIS,  Action. 

Praxis  Med'ica.  The  practical  exercise  of 
the  healing  art. 

PREASER,  Rennet. 

PRECIPITATE,  RED,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  p.  White,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum. 

PRECIPITA'TIONJ  Pr<Pcipita'tio,  (F.)  Pre- 
cipite,  from  prcecipitare,  prcecipitatum,  (prce,  and 
caput,  'the  head,')  '  to  throw  headlong.'  The  ac- 
tion by  which  a  body  abandons  a  liquid  in  which 
it  is  dissolved,  and  becomes  deposited  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  vessel.  The  matter,  so  thrown  down 
or  precipitated,  is  called  a  precipitate. 

PRECIPITATION  BE  LA  MAT  RICE,  Pro- 
cidentia  uteri. 

PRECIPTTE  BLANC,  Hydrargyrum  praeci- 
pitatum— p.  Noir,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cine- 
reum — p.  Oxydum  per  se,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxy- 
dum — p.  Rouge,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

PRECOCITY,  Preco'ciousness,  (F.)  Precocity 
Prcscox  matu'ritas,  Matu'rity  preco'cious,  from 
praz,  '  before,'  and  coquere,  'to  cook.'  Rapid  de- 
velopment before  the  usual  time.  See  Proeotia. 

PRECORDIAL,  Prsecordial. 

PRECUR'SORY,  Prcecurso'rins.  (F.)  Precur. 
seur,  from  pr<z,  and  curro,  cursum,  'I  run.'  That 
which  precedes. 

PREcnR'soRYor  Premon'itory  Signs  or  Symp- 
toms, (F.)  Signes  precurseurs  ou  premouitoires, 
S.  avant  coureurs,  are  those  which  indicate  an 
approaching  disease. 

PREDIASTOLIC.  Prcediastol'iciis,  from  pra, 
and  diastole.  That  which  precedes  the  diastole 
of  the  heart, — as  'prediastolic,  friction  sound.' 

PREDISPONENT  or  PREDISPOSING 
CAUSES,  see  Causes,  predisponent. 

PREDISPOSFT'ION,  PrcedisposW'io,  Semin'- 
4a  morbo'rum  (Gaubius)  ;  from  prce,  and  di'spo- 
ttere,  disposition,  'to  dispose.'  (F.)  Imminence 
morbide.  That  constitution  or  condition  of  the 
body,  which  disposes  it  to  the  action  of  disease 


TREDORSAL 


r R E G  N AN  C  Y 


under  the  application  of  an  exciting  cause.    Thus 

in  hereditary  diseases,  the  conformation  hi  such, 

that  but  a  Blight  exciting  can-.'  may  be  required 

luce  them.     When  the  disease  arises  solely 

sition,  or  under  the  additional 

an   extremely  slight  exciting  cause, 

.  termed  a  diapoaition. 

PREDOR'SAL,    Pradoraa'lia,    from  )>ra>,  and 

i,  'the  back.'     That  which  is  in  front  of 

ick. 

:    Ri  QION  of  the  vertebral  column  is 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  dorsal  region. 

1  TLOlDIEX,  Longua  colli. 
PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL,  Longua  colli. 
PRE-EXISTENCB    OF    GERMS,   see    Pre- 

tion. 

PREFORMA'TION,  Praforma'tio,  from  prce, 

.'   and  format  io,    'forming.'      An   ancient 

aeration,  which    maintained    that  the 

f  every  part  exists,  but  not  visibly,  before 

.  ition,  and  that  fecundation  occasions  their 

pment.     It  was  the  doctrine  of  pre-exiit- 

PREG'NANCY,    Pragna'tio,   Pragna'tue,  Im- 
mretgna'tio,  Fugravlda'tio,  from  pros,  and  genere, 

//.«••■■    ■.  -  -.    Gravid'itae,    G.    ule- 
En'cyeie, 
Cyapho'ria,    Gesta'tion,    Fveta'tion, 
da'tion,    Utero-gcata'tion ;    (F.)    GruHsesse. 
ite  of  a  female  who  has  within  her  a  fecun- 
>  rin,  which  gradually  becomes  developed  in 
if  the  uterus.    When  placed  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus, — by  virtue  of  the  vital  principle  which 
s  it.  it  becomes  attached  to  the  inner  sur- 
.  and  obtains  from  it  indirectly 
the  nutriment  necessary  for  its  gradual  develop- 
luring  the  space  of  ten  lunar  months  or 
i  and  eighty  days — the  ordinary  term 
or  duration  of  gestation,  although  the  period  may 
traded  to  300  days  or  upwards.  —  at   the 
expiration   of   which   parturition    occurs.       Preg 
is  commonly  limited  to  a  single  foetus:  at 
'he  uterus  contains  two  or  three. — See  Re- 
gion.    Occasionally,  one  or  two  moles — the 
rated  products  of  conception — aloi 
py  the  uterus: — at  other  times,  a   foetus   likewise 
In  certain  wing  to  accidental 

circumstances,   the   fecundated   ovum   remains   in 
irium.  or  is  arrested  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
scordingly,  been  distinguished 
into,    1.    Natural   or  uterine,   when   the   foetus  is 
1  in  the  cavity  of  the  worab :  and,  2.  Pre- 
•al  or  extra-uterine,  Erfieta'tion,  C 
tin  vitio'aa,  Paracye'eia  sen  Eccye'aia,  Ecthyetero- 
Echthyaterocye'aia,    Dyato'cia,    I' 
■  'a-uteri'na,  (  F. )  G 
tre-nature, — when  it  occurs  in  the  ovarium,  tube, 
or  c  ivity  of  the  abdomen. 

■  female  experiences  re- 
mark:, in  the  condition  of  her  organs 
and   functioi  renital    apparatus    is,   of 
The  aterufl    ehang 
and   textur  ». 
:'  pregnancy  are,— suppression  "t'  tl 
i  gradually   enlarging  and 
i ;  a  hard  tumour:  the  umbilicus  prominent 
tter  months;  the  breasts  increasing  in 
■  >1 1  round  the  nipple  becoming  darker 
and  th  iveloped ;  kyestein  in  the 
from  an  early  period;   a   bluish    tint   of  the 
r   the   fourth  week;   about    the   flfth 
.    the    evidence    by    ballottement,   the    pla- 
,/-,  and   the  sound   of  the   foetal   heart 
tion  :  the  motion  of  tie 
ptible,  and   the  neck  of  dimin- 
1  perio  Is. 
•\i':v  \i.    /.'<  ■■>!■  'aia  abdominn'- 


»i  C1"-) 


GroHsefifie  abdominal*.     That  in  which   the  ovum 
i  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 
\wrv.    A i  ■  i :'  i  a  i  .    Pregnancy    without   a 
F.)     Grossease    afostal*     ou     nuns    fostue. 

Pregnancy  produced  by  a  false   or   degenerate 

conception,    or    any    other    affection,    which    has 

given  place  to  unusual  development  of  the  uterus. 

.Madame  Boivin  includes  in  this  class,  tareo-ky* 
terie,  hydro-kyeteric,  gato-hyateriCf  and  kemmto 
kyeterie  pregnant 

vancy,  Bigem'inal,  F. )  Groteeee*  bigi' 
minale,  Double  pregnancy.  Pregnancy  in  which 
there  are  twins  in  utero.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,    Complbx,    (F.)    Groeee***    c<iu<- 
ine,  is  when    the  womb, 
besides  a  foetus,  contains  much  water,  hydatids, 
a  mole,  <ic. 

Pregnancy*,    Compound,    Polybrepk'ia,    Poly- 
Polycye'eie,   (F.J    Oroaaeaae  compo 
when  there  are  two  or  three  betuses  in  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus. 

1'im  QH  w  v,  DOUBLB,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal  — 
p.  Duration  of,  see  Pregnancy — p.  Extra-uterine, 
see  Pregnancy. 

Preo'nancy,  False,  Gravid' itae  spuria,  (F.) 
Grosaesse  /ansae  ou  apparent*,  Peeudocye'eie. 
Authors  have  thus  called  different  affections  of 
a  more  or  less  serious  character,  which  resemble 
pregnancy;  so  as,  at  times,  to  impose  upon  the 
best-informed  practitioners.  These  diseases  may 
be  seated  in  the  uterus  or  its  dependencies,  in 
the  intestines  or  some  other  part  of  the  abdomen. 
They  may  be;  —  a  mole,  hydatids,  water,  blood, 
or  polypus  distending  the  parietes  of  the  uterus  ; 
—  chronic  enlargement  of  the  uterus;  develop- 
ment of  tumours,  &c,  in  its  substance  : — scirrhus; 
dropsy  of  the  ovaria;  ascites;  tympanites,  <fcc. 

Pregnancy,  Fcetal,  (F.)  Growesse  fostale. 
Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  foetus,  or  more 
than  one,  in  the  uterus  or  out  of  it.  Madame 
Boivin  puts  in  this  class — the eolitary,  bigeminal, 
trigeminal,  and  aarco-fostal  pregnancies,  which 
form  the  first  order:  and  the  tubal,  ovarial,  and 
abdominal,  which  constitute  the  second. 

Phkgnaxcv,  Gazo-hvstkh'jc,  (F.)  Gmssesne 
Gazo-hyetSrique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused  by 
development  of  air  or  gas  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb.  —  .Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  ELbmato-hybtebic,  (F.)  Grosscsxe 
\imato-hyatfriqve.  Afcetal  pregnancy,  caused 
by  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  uterus.— Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Ilmito-in'STEmc,  (F.)  Groasease 
hydro-hyatSrique.  Afcetal  pregnancy,  occasioned 
by  the  secretion  and  accumulation  of  serous  fluid 
in  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  T.\tkiistit"ial,  Graviditas  in 
uteri  tubftan'tiA  seu  intent itia' lie.  The  develop- 
ment of  the  embryo  in  the  proper  substance  of 
the  uterus.  The  '•a-1'  generally  terminates  fatally 
at  an  early  period  of  gestation  ;  the  thin  external 

paries  of  the  uterus  being  ruptured,  and  the  ovum 
passing  into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Pregnancy,   Morbid,    Paracye'eie,   Dyato'cia, 
Dyecye'eie.     The  progress  of  pregnancy  disturbed 
tngered  by  the  supervention  of  general  or 
local  disorder.  —  Good. 

Pregnancy,  Ova'rian,  (F.)  Gmssessp  owurienn* 
on    (/<•    r  ova  ire,    Eccye'aia    urn' rin,    Oiirioi 
Oticye'aia,  Gravid' itaa  u'teri  seu  extra-uteri' no   in 
ova'rio.     Pregnancy  in  which    the   foetus  is  de- 
i  in  the  interior  of  the  ovary. 

ffAKCY,  Plea  op.  A  plea,  which  a  woman, 

capitally  convicted,  may  set  up  in  arrest  of  exe- 
cution   until   she   is   deliv<  S        Jury  of  Ma- 
ui 1  !)••  ventre  inspiciendo. 
Pregnancy,    Pbetbnd'ed.     The  criminal   act 
of  a  female,  who,  not  having  been  delivered,  pre- 
i  infant  as  having  been  born  of  her.      (F.) 


PREGNANT 


56 


PRESCRIPTION 


Supposition  de  p>nrt-  (This  term,  in  French, 
likewise  includes  the  case  of  a  female,  who,  hav- 
ing been  delivered  of  a  dead  child,  substitutes  for 
it  a  living  child  which  is  not  hers.) 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse  sar- 
co-foetnle.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  are  one  or 
more  foetuses,  and  one  or  more  moles. — Madame 
Boivin. 

PltRGNANCY^ARCO-HYSTERIC^FOGVosSfSsesar- 

co-hysterique.  Afcetal  pregnancy  formed  by  moles, 
hydatids,  or  a  false  conception. — Madame  Boivin. 
Pregnancy,  Sol'itary,  (F.)  Grossesse  solitaire 
ou  simple.  Pregnane}'  in  which  there  is  a  single 
foetus.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Trigeminal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tri- 
giminale  ou  triple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there 
are  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tvhaire, 
Eccye'sis  tuba'lis,  Gravid'itas  tuba'ria.  Preg- 
nancy where  the  foetus  remains  and  is  developed 
in  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Pregnancy,  Uterine,  see  Pregnancy. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-abdom'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse 
vtero-abdominale.  Pregnancy  consisting  of  two 
foetuses  ;  one  in  the  uterus  — the  other  in  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-oya'rial,  (F.)  Grossesse 
ntero-ovarienue.  Pregnancy  with  two  foetuses, 
one  in  the  womb,  the  other  in  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-tcbal,  (F.)  Grossesse  ute- 
ro-tubaire.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  at  the 
same  time  a  foetus  in  the  womb  and  another  in 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

PREGNANT,  Praignam,  Prcegnas,  Preegnax, 
Fetus,  Foetus,  Encar'pos.  Graff 'ida,  Plena  mu'licr, 
Lncinc'ta,  Gravid,  Breeding,  (Old  Eng.)  Sealing. 
Same  etymon.  (F.)  Enceinte.  One  in  a  state  of 
pregnancv  :  —  one  with  child. 

PREHENSIO,  Catalepsy,  Epilepsy. 

PR  EH  EN'S  ION,  Prehen'sio,  from  prehendere, 
prehension,  'to  lay  hold  of.'  The  act  of  laying 
hold  of. 

Prehension  of  Food  is  the  act  of  seizing  and 
carrying  it  to  the  mouth,  and  introducing  it  into 
that  cavity.  It  is,  also,  called  Assump'tio,  Pro- 
slep'sis,  Pros'phora. 

PRELE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

PRELOMBA  III  E,  Prelumbar. 

PRELOMBO-PUBIEX,  Psoas  parvus  —p. 
Trochnntin,  Psoas  magnus. 

PRELUM,  Press  — p.  Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 

PRELUM'BAR,  Pratlumba'ris,  (F.)  Prelom- 
baire,  from  prep.,  and  lunibi,  'the  loins.'  That 
which  is  placed  before  the  loins.  The  prelumbar 
surface  of  the  spinal  column  is  the  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  lumbar  portion. 

PRE  UTERES  VOTES,  Primae  viae. 

PREMOLAR,  see  Molar  teeth. 

PREMONITORY,  see  Precursory. 

PRENAN'THES,  Gall  of  the  Earth,  Dewitt 
Snakeroot,  Lion's  Foot.  There  are  many  species 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  whose  root  and  milky 
juice  are  very  bitter.  They  are  used  in  popular 
practice  in  dysentery;  and  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm to  bites  of  serpents. 

Prenanthes  Alba,  Nabalus  albus — p.  Serpen- 
taria.  Nabalus  albus. 

PR  EX  PRE  TXSCRTPTTOX,  see  Matriculate. 

PREP AR ATE  {  VETXE),  see  Facial  vein. 

PREPARATION,  Pra-para'tio,  from  prcs, 
and  parnre.  paratum,  'to  get  ready.'  The  act  of 
making  ready  any  substance  whatever  that  has 
to  be  employed  for  any  purpose. 

Also,  the  product  of  any  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration ; —  PrcP.para'tnm. 

Any  part  of  the  human  body,  preserved  for  the 
uses  of  the  anatomist,  is  so  called. 


PREP'UCE,  Prcppu'tium,  Epago'gium,  Posthl 
Pella,  Pos'thium,  Pu'tium,  Foreskin.  The  pro- 
longation of  the  integuments  of  the  penis,  which 
covers  the  glans.  The  prepuce  is  composed  of 
two  membranous  layers:  one  external  or  cuta- 
neous; the  other  internal  or  mucous,  separated 
by  areolar  membrane.  The  mucous  membrane 
lines  the  inner  surface  of  the  cutaneous  layer  till 
beyond  the  glans,  when  it  is  reflected  over  the 
latter;  forming,  behind  the  corona,  a  small  wi- 
de-sac above  the  corpora  cavernosa,  which  is  in- 
terrupted by  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  called  the  fra>num,  fixed  in  the 
furrow  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  glans,  and  ter- 
minating at  a  little  distance  from  the  orifice  <.f 
the  urethra.  The  clitoris  is  covered  by  a  semi- 
lunar fold  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  skin 
of  the  labia.  It  is  called  Prcepu'tium  clitor'idit. 
PREPU'TIAL,  Prcepntia'lis.  Belonging  ..r 
relating  to  the  prepuce:  —  as  the  'preputial  se- 
cretion,— or  that  which  takes  place  from  the  liniDg 
of  the  prepuce  covering  the  glans. 
PRESBYODOCIIIUM,  Gerocomium. 
PRESBYON'OSI:  from  rpe^vs,  'old,'  and 
vows,  '  disease.'     Diseases  of  old  age. 

PRES'BYOPE,  Presby'tes,  (F.)  Presbyte.  from 
nptsfivs,  'old,'    and  w^,  'the  eye.'     One  who  is 
long-sighted  or  affected  with  presbyopia. 
PRESBYOPIA,  Presbytia. 

PRESBYO'PIC,  Presbyo'picus,  Presbyt'ie, 
Presby'ticus.  Relating  or  belonging  to  presbyopia 
or  long-sightedness. 

PRESBYSPHACELUS,  Gangrene  of  old 
people. 

PRESBY'TIA,  Presbyo'pia,  Ambhjo'pia  prox- 
imo'rum,  Visits  seni'lis,  Pres'byopy,  (F.)  Vne 
Ian g ue  ;  from  irpegfivTrji,  'an  old  person.'  A  very 
high  degree  is  termed  Hyperbresby'tia.  A  con- 
dition of  vision,  common  in  old  persons,  whiih 
consists  in  the  circumstance  of  near  objects  being 
confusedly  seen,  whilst  those  at  a  greater  dis- 
tance are  clearly  distinguished.  It  is  supposed 
to  depend  generally  on  diminution  of  the  convex- 
ity of  the  cornea;  whence  results  an  alteration  in 
the  convergeney  of  the  rays,  so  that  they  form  a 
focus  behind  the  retina.  This  defect  is  remedied 
by  the  use  of  convex  glasses,  which  augment  the 
convergence  of  the  luminous  rays.  It  is,  also, 
called  Long-sightedness,  Far-sightedness,  Parop'- 
sis  Inngin'qita,  Dyso'pia  proximo' rum. 
PRESBYTIC,  Presbyopic. 

PRESCRIPTION,  Prasscrip'tio,  Anag'raphe, 
from  prep,  and  scribere,  scriptttm,  '  to  write  ;'  For'- 
mufa,  F.  med'ica,  Sched'ida,  Proescrip'tum,  Pra- 
scrip'tio  med'ica,  Reception,  (F.)  For  mule,  Or- 
donnance.  The  formula  which  the  physician 
writes  for  the  composition  of  medicines  adapted 
to  any  case  of  disease.  A  prescription  should  he 
as  simple  as  possible,  and  should  bear  upon  its 
face  the  evidence  of  the  objects  to  be  fulfilled  by 
it.  No  article  should  form  part  of  it,  unless 
adapted  for  serving  some  useful  purpose.  A  com- 
pound prescription  has  been  divided  into  four 
parts:  —  the  basis  or  principal  ingredient  of  the 
prescription  ;  the  ad'jnvans,  or  that  which  is  de- 
signed to  promote  the  action  of  the  former:  the 
cor'rigens,  or  that  intended  to  correct  its  opera- 
tion, or  obviate  any  unpleasant  symptom  which 
it  maybe  apt  to  produce:  and  the  constit'nens, 
excip'iens  or  vehic'ulum,  Constituent,  Exci/Zient 
or  ve'hicle,  the  substance  which  gives  to  the  other 
ingredients  consistence  or  form.  All  these  are 
seen  in  the  following  formula  for  cathartic  pills: 

Aloes £j    East's. 

Hyd.  Chlorid.  Mit.    gr.  x Adjuvant. 

Olei  Carui gtt.  v Com'geus. 

Syrupi q.  s Constituents. 

M.  et  fiant  pilulae  xx.     See  Symbol. 


PRESCRIPTION 


PRESYSTOLIC 


Tt  i?  obvious,  however,  that  most  prescriptions 
are  more  simple  than  this.  The  basis,  for  exam- 
ple, may  require  neither  adjuvant,  corrigent,  nor 
constituent. 

Dr.  Paris  has  siven  the  following  synopsis  of 

the  principle?  of  medicinal  combination,  Jamatn- 

taziolog"ia,  Tamatn*yntaxialn<i"ia,  Are  form'ulas 

i«    conehninn'di,   which    may   serve   as   an 

instructive  guide  to  the  prescriber:  — 

OBJECT  I. 

TO  PROMOTE  THE   ACTION  OF  TITE  BASIS. 

A.  By  combining  the  several  different  forms  or 
substance.     /'.   By  com- 
th  suhstances  which  are  of  the 
nature:  i.  e.,  which  are  individually  capa- 
ble of  producing  the  pame  effects,  with  less 
ry  tban   when  in  combination   with   each   other. 
combining  the  basis  with  substances  of  a 
1  which  do  not  exert  any  che- 
influence  upon  it.  but  are  found  by  expe- 
.  or  inferred   l>y  analogy,  to  be  capable  of 
mach  or  system  more  suscepti- 
its  action. 

OBJECT  II. 

TO  CORRECT  THE  OPERATION  OF  THE  BASIS  BY  OB- 
VIATING ANY  UNPLEASANT  EFFECTS  IT  MIGHT 
BE  LIKELY  TO  OCCASION,  AND  WHICH  WOULD 
PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED  ACTION,  AND  DEFEAT 
THE  OBJECT  OF  ITS  EXHIBITION. 

A.  By  chymically  neutralizing  or  mechanically 
ting  the  offending  ingredient     B.  By  add- 
ie  substance  calculated  to  guard  the  sto- 
or  system  against  its  deleterious  effects.. 

OBJECT  III. 

TO  OBTAIN  TOE  JOINT    OPERATION  OF  TWO  OR  MOPE 
MEDK  IMS. 

A.  By  uniting  those  medicines  which  are  cal- 
culated to  produce  the  name  ultimate  results,  but 
l>y  modes  of  operation  totally  different.  B.  By 
combining  medicines  which  have  entirely  differ- 
ent powers:  and  which  are  required  to  obviate 
different  symptoms,  or  to  answer  different  indi- 
cations. 

OBJECT  IV. 

TO    OBTAIN*    A    HEW  AND    ACTIVE    REMEDY,  NOT   AF- 
FORDED BY  ANY  siMil.i:  si  B8TAS 

A.  By  combining  medicines  which  excite  dif- 
ferent actions  in  the  stomach  and  system,  in  con- 
wbich   new  or    modified    reeulte  are 
produced.     11.   By   combining  substances   which 
have  the  property  of  acting  chymically  upon  eaeh 
other:    the  results  of  which  are  :  —  a.    The  forma- 
tion  of  new  compounds;  6.  The  decomposition 
of  the  original   ingredients,  and  the  development 
of  the  more  active  elements.      C.   By  combining 
substances,  between  which    no    other   change  is 
1  than  a  diminution  or  increase  in   the  so- 
lubility of  the  principles  in  which  their  medicinal 
-  reside,     u.  By  the    intervention  of  sob- 
s  that  act  chymically.     b.    By  the  addition 
of  ingredients   whose    operation  is  entirely   me- 
chaititul. 

OBJECT  V. 

TO  AFFOPD  AN  ELIGIBLE  FORM. 

A.   By  which  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy  is  en- 
1.      //.    By  which  its   aspect   <>r   flavour    is 
re  agreeable,  or  its  mode  of  adminis- 
tration  more  convenient.      C.  By  which  it  is  pre- 
I  from   the    spontaneous    decomposition    to 
which  it  is  liable. 

[The  vocabulary  in  the  author's  "Medical 
Student,"  Philad./lS44#  will  aid  the  student  not 


only  in   translating,  but  in  writing  his  preserip- 
tolitoj] 
PRESENTATION,  from  (Lat.)  pras,  „*.  (pr*, 

'before/  and  ens,  ftifM,  'being.')      The    part    (if  ;v 
foetus   which    is    felt   presenting,   on    examination 
n'u, mi.      When  the  head   prevent-,  and   es- 
pecially the  vertex,  or  the   feet,  knees  or  breech. 

the  presentation  is  .-aid  to  be  natural j  when  any 

other  parti  pr<  t<  ruatural ;  and  the  labour  is  f 

■  itiiinl,  Parodyn'ia  sen  Dy*- 
t<,'ii<i  psrvsr'so,  Crone-birth,  (F.)  Accoutksment 
contra  nature.  When  any  part  besides  the  head, 
feet,  knees,  or  breech  presents,  the  operation  of 
turning  becomes  necessary.     See  Parturition. 

PRESERVATIVE,  Prophylactic. 

PRESI8,  Swelling. 

PRESLE,  Ilippuris  vulgaris. 

PRESMA,  Swelling. 

PRESPI'NAL,  Preespina'tis,  from  p><p,  and 
rpina,  'the  spine.'  That  which  is  situate  before 
the  spine.  The  prespinal  surface  of  the  vertebral 
column  is  the  anterior  surface. 

PRESS.  Pros' Hum,  Pros' Hum,  Presso'rium,  Pi- 
enter,  Pieete'rion,  (F.)  Pre**<>ir,  Presve,  from  pre- 
mere,  pressum,  '  to  squeeze.'  An  instrument  for 
subjecting  matters  to  considerable  pressure,  for 
the  purpose  of  separating  the  liquid  from  the 
solid  portion. 

Press  of  IlF.ROPHiLrs,  Toreular  Herophili. 

PBESSE-ARTERE,  Serre-ncevd  de  Des- 
champt,  Si  rre-Artere.  An  instrument  invented 
by  Descbamps  for  the  immediate  compression  of 
arteries.  It  is  composed  of  a  plate  six  or  seven 
lines  long,  and  three  broad,  and  of  a  rod  or  stem 
two  inches  long,  placed  perpendicularly  above 
the  plate  and  riveted.  At  each  extremity  of  the 
plate  is  a  hole,  through  which  each  of  the  ends 
of  the  ligature,  to  be  placed  upon  the  artery,  is 
passed.  The  ligature  is  then  to  he  tightened  by 
drawing  the  ends,  and  fixing  them  to  the  perpen- 
dicular rod.  This  presss-artire  or  eerre-arlire, 
surrounded  with  charpie,  remains  in  the  wound, 
until  there  is  no  longer  danger  of  hemorrhage. 
The  ligature  is  then  cut,  and  the  instrument 
withdrawn.      It  is  an  unnecessary  instrument. 

PBESSE-UBETHBE,  Jugvm  /'mis.  A  kind 
of  forceps  of  elastic  iron,  the  branches  of  which, 
padded,  may  be  approximated  or  separated  by 
means  of  a  screw.  The  penis  is  introduced  be- 
tween the  branches,  one  of  them  being  applied 
to  the  urethra,  and  the  screw  is  tightened  BO  as 
to  exercise  a  degree  of  pressure  sufficient  to  bring 
theparietes  of  the  canal  in  contact.  This  instru- 
ment is  sometimes  used  in  incontinence  of  urine, 
to  prevent  the  constant  discharge  of  that  fluid. 

PRESSIO,  Pressure. 

PBESSION  ABDOMINALE,  Pressure,  ab- 
dominal. 

PBESSOIB,  Press—/).  d'Herophile,  Toreular 
Herophili. 

PRESSORTUM,  Press. 

PRESSURE,  Prttfsio,  from  premere,  preteunt, 
'to  press.'      The  action  of  pressing. 

Pressure,  Abdom'inal,  (F.)  Pression  abdomi- 
nals. A  mode  of  examination  by  means  of  which 
the  sensibility,   si/e.   suppleness,  or   hardi 

any  morbid  abdominal  viscus  may  be  compared, 

in  these  rcspeets.  with  its  healthy  Condition. 
Bichat  proposed,  with  the  view  of  exploring  tho 
state  of  the  thoracic  Organs,  to  exert  a  pressure 
from  below  upwards  on  the  abdominal  organs,  so 
BS  to  crowd  them  upon  the  diaphragm,  and  thus 
to  diminish  the  dimensions  of  the  cavity  of  the 
chest,  noticing  to  what  extent  respiration  was 
affected  by  this  action.  No  great  information 
derived  from  it. 
PRE8Y8'T0LIC,  Proteytol'icue,  from  prm, 
'before,'  and  ayxtule.     That  which  precedes  the 


PRETENDED   DISEASES 


8 


PRINOS 


contraction  of  the  heart — as  "presystolic  friction  II 
sound." 

PRETENDED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

PRETIB'IAL,    Prcetibia'lis,    from    prce,    and 

tibia,  '  the   tibia.'     That  which   is   situate   before 

the  tibia ;  as  the  ilio-pretibial  and  ischio-  pretibial 

muscles. 

PREVENTIVE,  Prophylactic. 
Preventive,  Royal,  from  prceveni re,  preven- 
tion, {prce,  and  venire,)  'to  come  before.'  An 
empirical  preparation,  used  as  a  prophylactic 
against  the  venereal  virus.  It  is  a  solution  of 
acetate  of  lead,  —  the  Liquor  Plumbi  Subacetatis 
dilutus. 

PREVERTEBRAL  APONEUROSIS.  The 
aponeurosis  which  covers  the  muscles  of  the  pre- 
vertebral region. 

Prevertebral  Artery,  (F.)  Artere  preverte- 
bral ou  meningienne  posterieure.  A  ramus  of 
the  meningeal  branch,  and  sometimes  even  of  the 
trunk,  of  the  pharyngeal  artery,  which  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  prevertebral  region. 

Prevertebral  Muscles,  see  Cervical  region, 
anterior  —  p.  Region,  Cervical  region,  anterior. 
PRIAPEIA,  Nicotiana  rustica. 
PRIAPIS'COS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Name  of  a  piece  of  wood  which  forms  part  of  the 
scamnum  Hippocraticvm.  Paulus  of  Angina  calls 
thus  a  tent  of  linen  shaped  like  a  penis. 

PRIAPIS'MUS,  Tenti'go,  T.  Penis,  Pri'apism, 
Horn-colic  (vulg.),  Enta'sia  Priapis'mns,  Rhopa- 
lis'mus,  Satyri'asis,  Sty  ma,  Sty  sis,  from  Tipicnros, 
'  Priapus.'  Constant  and  distressing  erection, 
without  any  voluptuous  idea  or  desire  for  venery. 
It  is  often  symptomatic;  and  sometimes  the  im- 
mediate result  of  morbific  causes,  —  of  the  action 
of  cantharides,  for  example.  The  application  of 
cold  liquids  to  the  penis,  and  the  internal  use  of 
opium  and  camphor,  are  the  means  usually  had 
recourse  to  for  its  removal. 
PRIAPITIS,  Phallitis. 

PRIA'PUS,  Mutun'mts.  In  ancient  mythology 
the  deity  who  presided  over  gardens  and  the  parts 
of  generation,  so  called  propter  deformitatem  el 
membri  virilis  magnitudinem. 

Priapus,  Penis — p.  Cervi,  see  Cervus — p.  Ceti, 
Leviathian  penis. 

PRICKET,  Sedum  acre. 

PRICKING,  Sax.  pr-iccian,  (D.)  pricken, 
(F.)  Picotement.  A  variety  of  pain,  compared  to 
that  which  pointed  bodies  would  occasion. 

PRIDE  OF  CHINA,  Melia  azedarach  — p.  of 
India,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Tree,  Melia  azeda- 
rach. 

PRIDEWEED,  En'seron  Canadense. 
PRIEST-PHYSICIANS,  see  Asclepiada. 
PRIEST'S  PINTLE,  Arum  maculatum. 
PRIM,  Ligustrum  vultrare. 
PRIMA   CELLA  COLI,  Csecum. 
PRIMA!    VIA!,    (F.)    Premieres    voies.     'The 
first    passages.'       The    stomach    and    intestinal 
canal:  —  the  lacteals  being  the  secun'dce  vi'cb  or 
*  second  passages.'     See  Ways,  digestive. 
PRIMARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 
PRIMEVERE,  Primula  veris. 
PRIMIP'ARA,  Primipartu'riens,   (F.)  Primi- 
pare,  from  primus,  'first,'  and  parere.  'to  bring 
forth.'     A  name  given  to  a  female  who  brings 
forth  for  the  first  time. 

PRIMIPARTURIENS,  Primipara. 
PRIMI-STERNAL,  Primi-sterna'lis,  frompri- 
wus,  'the  first,'  and  sternum,  'the  sternum.'     M. 
Beclard  has  called  os  primi-sternal  ou  clavi-ster- 
val.  the  bony  portion  of  the  sternum. 

PRIM  IT"I  M,  from  prim  us,  'first,'  The  first 
waters,  or  the  waters  discharged  before  the  ex- 
trusion of  the  foetus. 

PRIMITIVE  BAND,  see  Nerve  fibres  —  p. 
Streak,  Groove,  primitive. 


PRIMORDIAL  CELL,  see  Cell. 

PR1M0RDIUM,  Art-he. 

PRIMROSE  EVENING,  Oenothera  biennis 
—  p.  Tree,  (Enothera  biennis. 

PRIMULA  OFFICINALIS,  P.  veris  — p.  Va- 
riabilis, P.  veris. 

Prim'ula  Veris,  P.  officinalis  scu  variabilis, 
from  prim'ulus,  'first.'  So  called,  because  it 
flowers  in  the  beginning  of  the  spring.  Verbas'- 
culum,  Parol'  ysis,  Herba  paralys'eos  sen  paralyt'- 
ica,  the  Cowslip,  Paigil  or  Peagle,  Herb  Petert 
Palsyxoort,  (Prov.)  Cow-striplings,  Cuw-stropple% 
Crewel,  (F.)  Primevire,  Herbe  a  la  paralysie, 
Fleur  de  coucou,  Oreille  d'ours,  Brairette  j  Ord. 
Primulaceaa.  Sex.  Syvt.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  flowers  have  been  considered  to  be  mildly 
tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  anodyne. 

Primula  Vulga'ris.  The  leaves  and  roots  of 
this  plant  have  been  used  as  sternutatories. 

PRINCE  ARTHUR'S  FARINACEOUS 
FOOD,  see  Farinaceous. 

PRINCEPS,  Rectum. 

PRIKCEPS  Ceuvi'cis  (Artery)  Cervical  Artery. 
A  branch  of  the  occipital  artery,  which  descends 
between  the  splenius  and  complexus  muscles,  and 
may  be  followed  down  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck. 

Phixceps  Pol'licis  (Arteriit),  Arte'ria  magna 
pol'licis.  When  the  two  collateral  arteries  of  the 
thumb  take  origin  from  a  common  trunk  —  the 
trunk  is  the  Princeps  pallicis.  , 

PRINCIPE  CRYSTALLIZABLE  DE  DE- 
ROSXE,  Narcotine — p.  de  la  USlanose,  see 
Choroidea  tunica. 

PRINCIPES  IMMEDIATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

PRINCIPIUM,  Arche,  Element  — p.  Aeidifi- 
cans,  Oxygen — p.  Adstringens,  Tannin — p.  Byr- 
sodepsicum,  Tannin  —  p.  Coriaceum,  Tannin — p. 
Hydrogeneticum,  H}'drogen — p.  Hydroticura, 
Hydrogen — p.  Oxygenans,  Oxygen — p.  Saiivaie, 
see  Saliva  —  p.  Scytodepsicum,  Tannin  —  p.  Uri- 
nosum,  Urea. 

PRIN'CIPLE,  COL'OURING,  OF  THE 
BLOOD.  A  name,  given  to  the  immediate  prin- 
ciple in  animals,  to  which  the  blood  owes  its  red 
colour.  It  is  solid,  inodorous,  and  insipid.  When 
recently  separated  from  blood,  it  has  a  purple-red 
colour.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes,  amongst 
other  products,  a  purple  oil.  It  is  insoluble  in 
water;  but,  if  diluted  with  that  liquid,  acquires 
a  vinous-red  hue.  It  communicates  a  red  colour 
to  the  albumen  of  the  blood,  and  affords,  on  ana- 
lysis, iron,  to  which  the  colour  has  been  ascribed. 
See  Ha3tnapha?in,  and  Haematin. 

Principle,  Digestive,  Pepsin  —  p.  Vital,  see 
Vital  principle. 

PRINCIPLES,  IMME'DIATE,  (F.)  Principes 
immediate.  Matiriaux  immediats.  A  name  given 
to  a  considerable  number  of  substances,  composed 
of  at  least  three  elements,  and  which  are  obtained 
from  animals  and  vegetables  without  alteration, 
by  simple  processes,  and,  in  some  measure,  im- 
mediately. 

Principles,  Immediate,  of  Animals,  Proxi- 
mate  principles,    Organic    Elements,    Compounds 
of  Organization.      These   are   divided    into    acid 
principles,  fatty  principles,  and  principles  which 
are  neither  fat  nor  acid.     The  first  include  the 
vric,   rosacic,  purpuric,  allantoic,  enseic,  butyric, 
&c.     The    fatty  principles  are:  —  stearin,  e/ain, 
cholesterin,   &o. ;    and  the  last  division  includes 
the  most  important  compounds  of  organization: 
— fibrin,  gelatin,  albumen,  casein,  osmazome,  &c. 
Principles,  Proximate,  P.  immediate. 
PRINOS  (of  the  ancients),  Ilex  aquifolium. 
Prixos,  P.   rerticilla'tus.  Alcan'na   major  Inti- 
fo'lia  denta'ta,  Aquifo'lium  fo'lUs  decid'uis,  Prim 
nos   Grono'vii  seu  padifo'lius,  Black  Alder,  Vir- 


trios 


TROCESSUS 


v.  Ft  vtrbm ' 
Ai>'i!"</ii"f'  <<  feuille*  de  Prumier.  Ord.  Aquifo- 
11  \  mdria  M<  i  ogynia.  The 
bark  of  this  common  Bhrub  of  the  United  States 
Ph.  V.  S.) — is  astringent,  l>itter,  and 
pungent  The  henries  are,  likewise,  hitter.  The 
bark  has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cincho- 
na, in  intermittent*,  and  as  a  tonic 

Prinos  Glaber,  see  P.  Isevigatus — p.  fironovii, 
Prinos. 

I  viga'tus,  Si th    Winterberry,  and 

-    GliABBR,    Inkberry.      Indigenous;    bare 
me  properth  - 

HF0LID8,  Prinos. 
PKI"X.  Saw. 

PRIOXO  DES,  from   rpiwr,  'a  saw.'  and  ttiof, 
•a't(  I.     Applied  to  the  sutures  or' 

PRIOR,  'first,  foremost 

Prior    Annula'ris,    Interos'seus    quart**    of 

Winslow.    An  internal  interosseous  muscle  which 

From  the  outside  of  the  metacarpal  bone 

of  the  ring-finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside 
of  the  tendon  on  the  bach  of  the  ring-finger. 
Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  outwards. 

I  \  'dicis,  /.''•  n'tor  f<  r'tii  intemo'dii  i»'- 
Sous  litacarpo-lattri-phalangien.  It 
rises  from  the  outer  or  radial  side  of  the  meta- 
carpal bone  of  the  fore-finder,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  hack  of  the  fore- 
filler.  Action:  —  to  draw  the  finger  outwards, 
towar  Is  the  thumb. 

Prior  Indicis  lY.r>ts,  Adductor  Tn'dicis pedis. 
An  external,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the 
metatarsal  hones  of  the  great  and  fore  toes,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first 
bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Action  :  —  to  pull  the  fore- 
toe  inwards. 

•ii,  Prior  medii  digiti. 
Prior   Mk'imi    Dis"itt,  Prior   Medii,  Srcoud 
"f   Douglas.     An  external,  inferos- 
MORS  muscle  of  the  hand,  which  arises  from   the 
-  of  the  metacarpal  hones  of 
the  fore  and   middle  fingers,  and  is  inserted  into  " 
the  outside  of   the    tendon    on  the  back  of  the 
middle    finger.      Action:  —  to    draw  the  middle 
finder  outwards. 

■  Medii  Digiti  Pedis,  Adductor  medii  di- 
lis.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of 
the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inside  of  the  me- 
tatarsal  hone  of  the  middle  toe.  and  is  inserted 
into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  hone  of  the 
middle  t  -.  I  -•  :  —  to  pull  the  middle  toe  in- 
ward-;, or  towards  the  inner  side  of  the  foot. 

:  Min'imi  Digiti,  Addue1  tor  min'imi  di<j". 
ili.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  originates  from  the  inside  of  the  metatar- 
sal hone  of  the  little  toe,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
I  of  the  root  of  the  first   hone  of  the  little  i| 

toe.      Action  : —  to  pull  the  little  toe  inwards. 

Prior  Tbrtti  Diom  Pedis,  Adduc'tor  t&rtii 
fJif/'iti  pedis.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle 
of  the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inner  and  un-  I 
tatarsal  hone  of  the  third  of  j 
the  small  toe--,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of 
the  root  of  the  first  hone  of  the  third  of  the  small 
Action:  —  to  pull  the  third  of  the  small 
toes  inwards. 

PRTSI8.  Brvgmus,  Trepanning. 

PRYSMUS,  I'rv.'inus.  Trepanning. 

Pi:  IV  \ TK   1'  IRT8,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVET,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

PRIVITIES,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVY,  Ligustrum  rulgare — p.  Members, 
I  -  p.  Parts,  Genital  organs. 

PRO,  rpn,  'before.'  A  common  prefii  to  words, 
M  in  Procataretic,  Prostate,  &c. 


Vim  IQOREUSIS,  Progi 

PROBANG,  Spomge-probang,  Detmso'rium  ex 
bale' no.  Allied  to  probe,  A  Long  slender  rod  of 
whalebone,  with  a  piece  of  sponge  at  iis  extremity, 

intended  to  pnsfa  down  extraneous  bodies,  arrested 
in  the  oesophagus,  into  the  stomach.  A  similar 
instrument  is  called  by  J.  L.   Petit,   Repoussoir 

PROBARBIUM,  Geneias. 
PROBASCANIUM,  Amuletum. 
PR0BA8CANTIUM,  Amuletum. 

PROBE,  Catheterise,  Specillum— p.  Eyed,  see 

Ham. 
PROBING,  s,e  Ifel 
PROBOLE,  Proc 

PROCARDIUM,  Bcrobieulus  cordis. 
/'/:<>'•/■•/)/■■,  \'v 
PROCEDURE,  Prt 
PROCEPHALI,  Capitones. 
PROCERUS    NAM.  l'yramidalis  nasi. 
PROCSS,   Process, — ;/.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  pro- 

PROCESS,  Apophysis,  Pro,- 
Pr0C*'e88,  Ratio,  (  F.J  Procidi,  from  prt 

mat,  'to  march  forwards.'  Procedure, — 
method  of  performing  any  operation,  chemical, 
pharmaceutical,  or  surgical. 

Process,   Cuneiform,   Basilary    process  —  p. 

Modelling,  see  Modelling  Process  —  p.  of  Pan. 
see  Malleus  —  p.  Vertical  superior  longitudinal, 
Falx  cerebri. 

PROCES'SUS.  A  proccuR ;  same  etymon; 
Pmjectu'ra,  Prob'ole,  (P.)  Prod*.  An  apophy- 
sis or  eminence  of  a  bone;  see  Apophysis.  Also. 
any  part  which  seems  prolonged  beyond  others 
with  which  it  is  in  connexion  ;  as  the  Ciliary 
processes. 

Processts  ANCONEUS,  Olecranon — p.  Annu- 
laris. Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Ascendens,  see  Maxillary 
hone,  (superior) — p.  Belenoides^eee  Belenoid — p. 
Blumenbachii,  Unciform  process  —  p.  Caudatus, 
Lobulus  caudatus — p.  a  C'erehello  ad  medullam 
oblongatam,  Corpora  restiformia — p.  Cerebelli  ad 
pontem,  Peduncles  of  the  cerehellum  —  p.  Cere- 
helli  ad  testes,  Peduncles  of  the  cerehellum  —  p. 
Cerehri  lateralis,  Cornu  ammonis  —  p.  Ciliares, 
Ciliary  processes — p.  Clavatus.  sec  Funiculi  gra- 
ciles — p.  Cochleariformis,  see  Tympanum — p.  C.U- 
neiformis  ossis  occipitis,  Basilary  process — p.  En- 
Blformes,  see  Sphenoid  hone — p.  Enteroidei  cere- 
bri, Convolutions  (cerebral)  —  p.  Falciformis 
cerebelli,  Falx  cerebelli — p.  Falciformis  dune 
matris,  Falx  cerehri — p.  Frontalis,  see  Maxillary 
bone,  (superior) — p.  Gracilis  of  Pan.  see  Malleus 

—  p.  Laterales  uteri.  Tubas  Fallopian  as  —  p.  Ma- 
millares,  Papillm  of  the  kidney.  Olfactory  nerves 
— p.  Mamillares  cerehri,  Mamillary  tubercles — p. 
Mastoldens,  Mastoid  process  —  p.  Nasalis,  see 
Maxillary  hone  (superior) —  p.  Olivaris.   olivary 

is — p.  Orbicularis  cerehri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain  —  p.  Papillares.  Olfactory  nerves — p. 
Papillarnm,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Rachidianus, 
Medulla  spinalis — p.  Stern i  xiphoideus,  Xiphoid. 

Procks'sis  Tkr'eteS,  Einini  n'liii  sen  Fascic'- 
uli  ter'etes.  Two  slightly  convex  bodies  forming 
the  anterior  wall  or  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain.  They  are  separated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal groore,  which  is  continuous,  inferiorly,  with 
the  sulcus  longitudinal  is  posterior  of  the  spinal 
cord.  They  are  crossed  transversely  by  ■ 
wdiite  and  gray  fasciculi — linea  transversa,  stria} 
medulla' res  —  the  origin  of  the  auditory  nerves. 

Proci  sat  b  u>  Testes,  see  Valvnla  Vieussenii 

—  p.  Transvorsns  dura  matris,  Tentorium  —  p. 
(Jncinatus,  Olecranon,  Unciform  pro 

racoid  process  —  p.  Uvifer,  Uvula — p.  Ventricull, 
Duodenum  —  p.  Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage  — 


PROCIIEILA 


GO 


PUCEOTIA 


p.  Xipho-sternalis,  Xiphoid  cartilage  —  p.  Zygo-  ! 
uiaticus,  Zygomatic  process. 

PROCHBILA,  Antelal.il. 

PROCHEILIDION,  Procheilon. 

PROCREFLON,    Proekeilid'ion,   Prola'binm,  ! 
Antela'biiim,  from  pro,  and  ^aAo?,   'a  lip.'     The 
extreme  projecting  part  or  margin  of  the  lips. 

PROCHEUMA,  Parenchyma. 

PROGIDBNOE  1)E  L'CEFL,  Exophthalmia. 

PROCIDENTIA,  Prolapsus —  p.  Ant,  Procto- 
cele— p.  Intestioi  recti,  Proctocele — p.  Eridis,  Sta- 
phyloma of  the  Iris — p.  Oculi,  Exophthalmia  — 
p.  Sedis,  Proctocele  —  p.  Uteri,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

PROCNEME,  Tibia. 

PROCNEMIUM,  Tibia. 

PROCCE'LIUS,  Procve'lus,  from  pro,  and  Koi\ia, 
'  belly.'  •  One  who  has  a  large  pendulous  ab- 
d  '>  men. 

PROCCELTJS,  Procoelius. 

PROCOX'DYLUS,  rrpoKovfivXos,  from  pro,  and 
k-ivHuXos,  'a  knot.'  The  first  joint  of  the  fingers; 
tie  second  being  called  kovovXos;  the  third  ixcra- 

PROCREATIO,  Generation  — p.  Sanguinis, 
ll.ematosis. 

PROCREATION.  Fecundation,  Generation. 

PROC'TAGRA,  from  rrpuxcros,  'anus,' and  aypa, 
'seizure.'     Gout  in  the  rectum.     Proctalgia. 

PROCTALGIA,  Proc'tfca  simplex,  Proc'ta- 
gm.  Dolor  ani,  Proctodynia,  from  rrpw»cro?,  'the 
anas,' and  ctXyo?, 'pain.'  Pain  in  the  anus:  ge- 
i)  srally  symptomatic  of  disease,  as  of  hemorrhoids, 
suirrhus,  <fcc. 

Proctalgia,  Clunesia  —  p.  Ha&morrhoidalis, 
Haemorrbois —  p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis  —  p. 
Litertriginosa,  Chafing  —  p.  Rheumatica,  Proc- 
torrheuma. 

PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imperfora'tio  ani,  from 
ttowktos,  'the  anus,'  and  arpnaia,  '  imperforation.' 
Imnerforate  state  of  the  anus. 

PROC'TICA,  from  ttqwktos,  'the  anus.'  Pain 
or  derangement  about  the  anus,  without  primary 
inflammation.  A  genus  in  the  class  Coeliaca, 
order  EntericQ,  of  Good. 

Proctica  Exania,  Proctocele  —  p.  Marisca, 
Haemorrhois  —  p.  Simplex,  Proctalgia — p.  Tenes- 
mus, Tenesmus. 

PR0CTISI3.  Proctitis. 

PROCTITIS,  Proc'tisis,  Archi'tis,  Chine' sia, 
G/sso'tis,  from  -npuKros,  '  the  anus,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  anus 
an  1  rectum.     Rectitis. 

Proctitis  Gaxgr^exosa,  Proctocace. 

PROCTOC'ACE,  Procti'ti*  gangrenosa,  from 
rotOKTog,  'the  anus,'  and  kukos,  'evil.'  A  disease 
of  the  rectum,  so  called  by  Fuchs.  which,  accord- 
ing to  him,  is  common  in  Peru,  in  the  neighbour- 
h  >od  of  Quito  and  Lima,  on  the  Honduras  and 
M  isquito  coasts,  in  Brazil,  and  on  the  Gold  coast, 
&c.  It  is  called  by  the  Portuguese,  Bicho,  and 
Jiicho  di  GhIo ;  by  the  people  of  Quito,  Mai  del 
Valfe,  from  its  prevalence  in  the  valleys;  and  in 
Africa,  Bitios  de  Kis.  It  is  an  adynamic,  inflam- 
matory condition,  frequently  ending  in  gangrene. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  bad  food,  and  the  use 
of  spices. 

PROCTOCELE",  from  7rpw/cr0f.  'the  anus.'  and 
K*]\r),  'hernia.'  Prolap'sits  Ani,  Proctopto'ma, 
Proctoptoma,  Proeto'sis,  Hedroce'le,  Archeopto'- 
vi  i,  Archecpto'mn,  Archopto'ma,  Archeoce'le,  Ar- 
c'tnpfo'six,  Exa'nia,  H'cemor'  rhois  proce'dens  seu 
id)  exa'nia.  Procidentia  Ani  seu  intesti'ni  recti 
seu  zed  is,  Ecto'pia  Ani,  Sedes  procid'na,  Falling 
down  of  the  Fundament,  Coming  down  of  the 
Body,  (F.)  Chnte  du  rectum,  C.  da  Fondement, 
Jienversement  du  rectum.  Inversion  and  prolapse 
of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  rectum,  from  relaxation 
of  the  sphincter,  with  more  or  less  swelling.  In 
the  treatment,  the  application  of  cold  water  and 


astringent  lotions  must  be  recommended  :  nnd 
if  other  means  fail,  one  of  the  radii  of  skin,  which 
converge  at  the  anus,  may  be  snipped  off.  On 
cicatrising,  the  verge  of  the  anus  will  be  con- 
tracted, and  the  cure  probably  complete.  In  the 
way  of  palliation,  the  parts  may  be  retained  by 
an  appropriate  bandage. 

PROCTOCYSTOTOMY,  see  Lithotomv. 

PROCTODYNIA,  Proctalgia. 

PROCTON'CUS,  from  npiotros,  'anus,'  and 
oyKoz,  '  swelling.'     Swelling  of  the  anus. 

PROCTOPARAL'YSIS,  Proctoplegia,  Parol', 
ysis  Intesti'ni  Recti,  from  7rpw*cros,  'the  anus,' and 
rrapaXvais,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of  the  muscles 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOPLEGIA,  Proctoparalysis. 

PROCTOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTORRHAGIA,  Hemorrhoidal  flux. 

PROCTORRIIEU'MA.  from  rrpuKros,  'anus.' 
and  peviia.  'defluxion.'     Rheumatism  of  the  anus. 

PROCTORRHEA,  from  kPwktos,  'the  anus,' 
and  peoi,  T  flow.'  A  discharge  of  blood  or  slime 
from  the  anus.     See  Haemorrhois. 

PROCTOS.  Anus. 

PROCTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOSPASMFS,  Tenesmus. 

PROCTOSTENOSIS  ORGANICA,  Stricture 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOTOREU'SIS,  from  irpuxro?,  'anus,' 
and  ropvtiv,  '  to  perforate.'  Perforation  of  a  closed 
anus. 

PROCTUS.  Anus. 

PROCURATIO  ABORTUS.  The  promotion 
of  abortion. 

PRODIAGNO'SIS,  from  pro,  and  diagnosis. 
Prognostication  of  a  disease  to  come,  —  a  diag- 
nosis by  anticipation. 

PROD'ROMIC,  Prodrom'icns,  (F.)  Prodro- 
mique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating,  or 
belonsrins:.  to  the  prodromus  of  a  disease. 

PROD'ROMUS.  Propafh'ia,  from  pro,  and 
dpofiog,  'course,'  (F.)  Prodrome.  St  a' di  urn  op- 
portunita'tis  seu  prodromo'rum  :  in  contagious 
diseases,  Sta'dinm  laten'tis  couta'gii.  The  period 
immediately  preceding  an  attack  of  disease;  in 
which  the  precursory  signs  occur. 

PROD'UCT,  from  prodncere,  production,  (pro, 
and  ducere,  '  to  lead,')  '  to  bring  forth.'  (F.)  Pro- 
duit.  The  result  sought  to  be  attained  by  any 
pharmaceutical  operation. 

PRODUCTIO,  Prolapsus— p.  Uvulae  a  pituita, 
Stanhylcedema. 

PRODUCTION.  Prodnc'tio;  same  etymon. 
This  word  is  used,  especially  by  the  French, 
synonymously  with  prolongation.  The  mesentery 
is,  in  this  sense,  a  production  of  the  peritoneum. 

PRODUCTION  ACCIDEXTELLE.  An  ac- 
cidental or  adventitious  structure. 

PRODUCTIVITAS,  Fecundity. 

PRODVTT.  Product. 

PROEGUMEX.E  CAUSJE,  Causes,  predi 
nent. 

PRCELIUM,  Press,  Tourniquet. 

PROEMTXEXT,  Proem' inens,  from  pro, 
eminere,  'to  project.'  Some  anatomists  cal 
7th  cervical  vertebra  the  proemineut  vertebra,  on 
account  of  the  length  of  its  spinous  process, 
which  passes  the  level  of  that  of  the  neighbour- 
ing vertebrae. 

PROENCEPH'ALUS,(F.)  Proencephale  ;  from 
pro,  and  eyKeQaXos,  ' encephalon.'  A  monster, 
whose  encephalon  is  situated,  in  a  great  measure, 
out  of,  and  in  advance  of,  the  cranium,  which  is 
open  in  the  frontal  region. 

PRC30T'IA,     Promotes,     -zpuyiorns     or     Trpotorrjg, 
from  itp'oi,  '  early.'     'Precocity.'     Precox  matu*- 
ritas,  Preco'cious  matn'rity.      Premature  develop- 
11  ment  of  sexual  organization  or  power.  —  Good. 


?po- 


and 
the 


PROFLUVII   CORTEX 


01 


TROLES 


PROFLUVII  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysente-  II  longation  or  forward  extension  of  the  jaws,  as  in 

the  i 
PROFLU'VIUM,    Discharge,  Fluxut,    Polyr-         PROGNO'SIS,    Pro&gonu'ti;  Pre 
,  Flux;  from  profluo,  (pro,  nnd  fluo,) 'I  io^      Pr&cognit"io,   Prognostic*.   Prano'tio,  /' 
f. >rth.'     A  term  under  which — in  the  plural,  Pro- 
i,    Polycrino'tet —  some    oosologists    bare 
eum prised   all   morbid   discharges   or   Bus 


others,  increased  excretions  attended  by  lever. 
Profluvium  Ai.vi,  Diarrhoea — p.  Genitale  urn- 
Menses — p.  Mucosum  urethra,  Gonorrhoea 
— p.  Muliebre,  Leucorrhoea,  Menses  — p.  Sangu- 


irrbagi 


Sanguinis  i  Renibus,  Ne- 


of    Phthisis    pulmonale,    unfavourable, 


tin' lii)./' i  it i<  'a  n't, i'i.  I'  i  a  -•it"  io,  /'/■•in  a '  ii,  /'  ri  i  fill' - 
mdic'tio,  (F.)  /'' oguottic,  Pronottic,  from 
pro,  ami  ypmmtf,  'knowledge.'  A  judgment  formed 
ivy  the  phjsioian  regarding  the  future  progress 
and  termination  of  any  disease. 

PROGNOSIS,  GrNSRAL.  The  opinion  funned 
of  a  disease  in  the  al.. -tract.  Thus,  the  Gene- 
ral prognotit  of  Cynancke  tontillarit  is  favour- 
able 
Ac. 

Prognosis,  Particular.  The  opinion  funned 
uf  any  particular  ease  of  disease.  The  particular 
prognotit  of  one  ease  of  typhus,  for  example,  may 
be  favourable,  whilst  that  of  another  may  be  on- 
favourable. 

Puognosis  kx  Lingua,  Glossotnantia. 

PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROGNOSTICS,  Prognosis. 

PROGRESSIO,  Augmentation, 

PROGRESSION,  Walking. 

PROGRESSUS,  Augmentation. 

PROIOTE8,  Prsaotia. 

PROJECTURA,  Process. 

PKOLABIUM,  Procheilon. 

PROLAP'SUS,  from  prolabar,  prolapsus,  (pro, 

and  labor,  laptut,  '  to  slide,')  *  I  slip  down.'  Pro- 
cidentia, Delap'tio,  Delap'tut,  Hypor'rhytit, 
Propto'ma,  Propto'tit,  Proauc'tio,  Propenden'tia, 
Prominentia,  Ptotit,  Casus,  (F.)  Chute  ;  a  pro- 
trusion; a  /ailing  down.  A  genus  of  diseases  in 
the  class  Loealei  and  order  Ectopia  of  Cullen, 
distinguished  by  the  falling  down  of  a  part 
through  the  orifice  with  which  it  is  naturally 
connected. 

Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele  —  p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Exopbthalmia  —  p.  CornesB,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea — p.  Iridis,  Ptosis  iridis — p.  Linguae,  Glos- 
socele,  Paraglossa —  p.  (Esophagi,  Pharyngocele 
—  p.  Palpebne,  Blepharoptosis  —  p.  Pharyngis, 
Pharyngocele — p.  Umbilici,  Exomphalus. 

Pkolapscs  U'tkiu,  Exome'tra,  Metropto'tit^ 
Metrnpropto'tit,  Ortlit/steropto'sis.  Orthytteropto'- 
ma,  Falling  doirn  of  the  womb,  JEdopto'tit  Mil 
Procidentia  u'tcri,  Ilysteropto'sis,  Ifgsteroce'le 
nuda,  (F.J  Abaittement  on  Chute  on  Detcente  ou 
Precipitation  de  la  matriee.  Some  use  the  term 
'  Procidentia  Uteri'  for  a  minor  degree  of  the 
affection  than  prolapsus;  —  Relaxatio  uteri  ex- 
pressing  the  slightest  state  of  all.  A  falling  down 
of  the  uterus,  owing  to  relaxation  of  the  parts 
about  the  Dtero-vaginal  region.  In  the  treat- 
ment, the  horizontal  posture  must  be  insisted 
upon;  the  injection  of  astringent  suh.-tai. 
vaginam  be  advised;  and  if  the  affection  be  not 
remedied  by  these  means,  a  pessary  may  be  em- 
ployed as  a  palliative,  or  the  operation  of  Epiti- 
orraphy  he  performed. 

Prolapsus  Uvula,  Staphyledema. 
Prolapsus  Y.um'vk.  Hyttempto'tit  Ben   Pro- 
laptut   ASdoptotit  Vagina?.    Coleupto'tie,  Colpop- 
of  the  waters  at  birth.  to' tit,    Ehjtropto'sis  —  Protrusion   of  the    upper 

PROFUSIO  SANGUINIS,  HsBtnorrhagia —  p.  Se-  part  of  the  vagina  into  the  lower.  This,  like  the 
■mis,  Ejaculation  —  p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura  descent  of  the  uterus,  may  be  relaxation,  proci- 
etiaplex.  dentia,  prolaptnt,  or  complete  invertion. 

PROGAS'TOR,  from  pro,  and  yaari}p,  'belly.'  PROLAPSI  B  Vl  BK    E,  Exoeyste. 

»  has  a  pendulous  belly.  PROLECTA'TIO  ;  from  pro,  and   legere,  Uc- 

PROGENIES,   Epigone.  /„,„,  «tO  gather.'      Action  of  separating' the  liner 

PROGENY,  Epigone.  ;  parts  of  a  body  from  the  grosser. 

PROGLOS'SIS,    from    pro,   and    y\wo«,   'the  PROLEP/TICS,    Proltp'tict,    from    pro,    and 

tongue;'  Apex  lingua?..     The  extremity  or  tip  of  Xaufiavit,   'I    seize    hold    of.'      A    term    pr 

the  tongue.  by  Dr.  Layeoek  to  signify  the  art  and  Boience  of 

PROGNA'THOUS,  from  pro,  and  yvi0oS.  'the  predicting  in  medicine. 

Having  a  projecting  jaw.     A  term  applied  PROLEPTICUS,  Anticipating. 

to  the  form  of  the  head  iu  which  there  is  u  pro-  |       PROLES,  Epigone. 


pbrorrhagia— p.  Sanguinis  ez  <  Ire,  Stomatorrhagia 
—  p.  Sanguinis  ex  Otero,  Metrorrhagia  —  p.  Se- 
minis,  Pollution  —  p.  Ventris,  Diarrhoea. 
PHOFOND,  Profundus. 

PROFUN'DUS,   [pro,  wad  fundut,   'bottom.') 
'  having   a   deep   base.'      (F.)    I'm/and.      A 
riven   to  different   parts,  which   are  seated 
profoundly  as  regards  others. 

Profunda  Artb'ria  Fsm'oris,  .1.  wattapotte'- 

I   mutcula'ritfem'orit,  Artere-grande   >nus- 

tulaire  de  la  cuitse.     (Ch.)     This   large    branch 

immonly  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 

crural,  between  the   pubis   and   lesser  trochanter. 

•iids  deeply,  situate  before  the  adductors; 
]  tsses  through  the  third  adductor  above  the 
opening  in  it  for  the  trunk  of  the  femoral  :  and 
terminates  in  the  short  portion  of  the  bieep*. 
The  mnteularit profunda  gives  off,  1.  The  external 
circumflex:  2.  The  internal  circumflex:  and,  3. 
The  three  per/or  ante t. 

PkOFUNDA  ArTK'RIA  Hu'tfKRI,  P.  sup,' rim\ 
Arte'/ia  spira'lis,  (F.)  Artere  hu/uerale  profonde. 
A.  collatSrale  extern?,  Grand  mntculaire  du  bras. 
(Ch.)  Its  origin  is  variable.  When  it  arises  from 
the  brachial  artery,  it  is  given  off  opposite  the 
groove  of  the  humerus  destined  for  the  radial 
n  >rve,  and  descends  backwards  between  the  three 
portions  of  the  triceps,  accompanied  by  the  nerve ; 
giving  I. ranches  to  that  muscle  and  to  the  hume- 
r  IS.  When  it  reaches  the  posterior  part  of  the 
b  >ne,  it  divides  into  two  branches,  which  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  triceps,  supinator  longUS,  &c. 

Profunda   Arteria   Inferior  sen  Minor  is 

often  a  branch  of  the  last;  but,  commonly,  is 
given  off  from  the  brachial,  near  the  middle  of 
the  arm.  It  gives  off  branches  to  the  muscles, 
Ac.  about  the  inner  side  of  the  os  humeri.  It 
i-,  also,  called  large  communicating  ulnar  or  pro- 
fuudo-iiluar. 

Profunda  Arteria  Prc>ns.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  cav'firnout  ar'tery,  which 

arises  from  the  artery  of  the  penis,  furnished  by 
the  internal  pudic. 

Profunda  Arteria  Superior,  Profunda  hu- 
meri. 

Certain  muscles  are  distinguished  by  the  names 
profound  or  deep-teated,  and  superficial,  Thus, 
we  speak  of  the  superficial  and  deep-teated  mus- 
cles of  the  neck,  <fcc  ;  the  Flexor  prof  undue  per- 
forata*, fee. 

PROFUSIO.  Haemorrhagia, 

PROFUSIO   Aqo  B.      The  discharge  or  breaking 


PROLICIDE 


PROSOPANTRITIS 


PROLICIDE,  Prolioid'ium,  from  proles  (pro, 
and  olescere,  'to  grow,').  '  offspring,'  and  ecpdere, 
'to  kill.'  Destruction  of  offspring:  a  term  which 
includes  foeticide  as  well  as  infanticide. 

PROLIF'IC,  Prolific**,  (F.)  Prolifique,  from 
proles,  'offspring,'  and  faciof  '  I  make.'  That 
which  has  the  faculty  of  engendering.  Applied 
to  man,  and  animals,  and  to  their  sporui  or  seed; 
as  well  as  to  remedies,  which,  bj  strengthening 
the  genital  organs,  increase  the  secretion  of 
Sperm. 

PROLIG"EROUS,  Pro'liger,  Prolig"erus, 
from  proles,  '  offspring,'  and  yero,  '  I  carry.'  That 
which  is  connected  with  carrying  the  offspring. 

Proligerous  Disc  or  Later,  JJiscus  prolig"- 
erus  seu  vitell'inus,  Stratum  prolig"erum,  Gonos- 
tro'ma,  (F.)  Disque  proligerc.  A  granular  layer, 
situate  generally  towards  the  most  prominent 
part  of  the  ovarian  vesicle,  in  the  centre  of  which 
the  true  ovum  or  ovule  exists. — Von  Baer. 

PROLONGEMENT  RACE 1 1)1 EX,  Medulla 
spinalis  —  p.  Sous-occipital,  Basilary  process. 

PROMALACTE'RIUM,  from  pro,  and  uaXaoow, 
'I  soften.'  The  room,  in  the  ancient  gymnasium, 
in  which  the  body  was  softened  and  anointed. 
One  of  the  operations  in  bathing. 

PROM  AN  US,  see  Digitus,  Pollex. 

PROMETOPIDIA,  Frontal  bandages. 

PROMBTO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from  pro, 
and  fierwiTov,  '  the  forehead.'  The  skin  of  the  fore- 
head. 

PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus,  Protuberance  — 
p.  Annularis  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Cornea?, 
Ceratocele  —  p.  Ossis  Continua,  Apophysis. 

PROMINENTIA  ALBICANTES, '  Mammil- 
lary  tubercles — p.  Semidvales  Medulla?  Oblonga- 
ta?, Corpora  olivaria. 

PROJfOXTOIRE,  Promontorium. 

PROMOXTORIUM,  Promontory  —  p.  Faciei, 
Nasus  —  p.  Ossis  Sacri,  see  Sacrum. 

PROM'OXTORY,  Promonlo'rium,  (F.)  Pro- 
montoire  (from  pro  and  mons,  montis,  'a  moun- 
tain,') seu  Tuber  seu  Tuberositas  Tym'pani.  A 
small  projection  at  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity 
of  the  tympanum,  which  corresponds  to  the  ex- 
ternal scala  of  the  cochlea,  and  especially  to  the 
outer  side  of  the  vestibule. 

Promontory  of  tiie  Sacrem,  see  Sacrum. 

PROXATEIR  CARRE.  Pronator  radii  qua- 
dratic— p.  Grand  ou  ronrf,  Pronator  radii  terae — 
p.  Petit,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

PROXA'TIOX,  Prona'tio,  from  promts,  'in- 
clined forwards.'  Anatomists  understand,  by 
pronation,  the  motion  by  which  the  inferior  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius  passes  before  the  ulna,  and 
thus  causes  the  hand  to  execute  a  kind  of  rotation 
from  without  inwards. 

PROXA'TOR.  That  which  produces  the  mo- 
tion of  pronation.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
two  of  the  muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Pronator  Obliques,  P.  radii  teres — p.  Qua- 
dratus, P.  radii  quadratus. 

Pronator  Ra'dii  Quapra'tus,  P.  quadratus 
seu  transvers'us  (Win slow)  seu  radii  breris  seu 
radii  quadratus  (Cowper),  Quadratus  ra'dii,  (F.) 
Gubito-radial  (Ch.),  Petit  ou  carre  pronateur. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior,  inferior, 
and  profound  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat  and 
square,  and  is  attached,  within,  to  the  inferior 
quarter  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  ulna;  and, 
without,  to  the  inferior  quarter  of  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  radius.  It  produces  the  motion 
of  pronation. 

Pronator  Radii  Teres.  P.  teres  sive  obli'quus 
(Winslow),  (F.)  Epitrochlo-radial  (Ch.),  Grand 
ou  rond  pronateur.  A  muscle  seated  at  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  long,  flat, 
and  larger  above  than  below.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  and 


to  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  Thence  it 
passes  obliquely  downwards  and  outwards,  and 
terminates  at  the  middle  of  the  outer  surface  of 
the  radius.  It  causes  the  radius  to  turn  on  the 
ulna,  to  produce  the  motion  of  pronation.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  forearm  on  the  arm,  and  con- 
versely. 

Pronator  Teres,  P.  radii  teres. 

PROXAUS,  Vestibulum. 

PRONERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Tendon. 

PRONCEA,  Prognosis. 

PR  ON UXCr A  TIOX,  Pronunciation. 

PRONOSTIG,  Prognosis. 

PRONUNCIATION,  Pronvncia'tio,  (F.)  Pro- 
nonciation,  from  pro  and  nunciare,  'to  tell.'  The 
mode  of  articulating  or  giving  accent  or  utterance 
to  words. 

PROPATIIIA.  Prodromus. 

PROPEXDEXTIA,  Prolapsus. 

PROP'ERTIES,  PHYSICAL.  OF  THE  TIS- 
SUES. These  are  flexibility,  extensibility,  elas- 
ticity, racornissement  and  imbibition. 

Properties,  Vital.  Those  which  depend  upon 
the  vital  force,  as  contractu' ity. 

PROPHASES,  Prognosis. 

PROPHYLACTIC,  Prophylac'ticus,  Diaplnj- 
lac'tic,  Diasos'tic,  Synterct' icus,  Prav>ervato'riust 
(F.)  Prophylactique,  from  pro,  and  tyvXaccu),  'I 
defend.'     A  preservative  or  preventive. 

PROPHYLACTIC  MEDICINE,  Hygiene. 

VR0V11YL  AX'IS,Prophyraee,Prophylac'tice, 
I  Syntere'sis.  Same  etymon.  Prccserva'tio.  Prae- 
cau'tio,  Prcpcusto'dia.  Preservative  or  preventive 
treatment. 

PROP'OLIS,  from  pro,  and  ™>i?.  'city  :'  lite- 
;  rally,  'that  which  is  before  the  city.'  Cernnthe.'- 
I  mus,  Commo'sis,  Ree-bread.  A  red,  resinous  mat- 
ter, with  which  the  bees  cover  the  bottom  of  the 
hive.     Its  fume  has  been  esteemed  antiasthmatic. 

PROP'OMA,  from  pro,  and  -opa,  'a  drink.' 
;  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine,  composed  of  seven 
parts  of  honey  and  four  of  irine.  It  was  drunk 
,  before  a  meal. — Paulus  of  iEgiua. 

PROPORTIO,  Symmetry. 

PROPOSITUM,  Intention. 

PROPOTISMA,  Mistura. 

PROPOTIS'MUS,  itpo^orifffioi.  Same  etymon. 
Prcepo'tio.  An  ancient  name  for  medicines  which 
'  were  given  to  the  patients  before  purging  them, 
and,  in  some  sort,  to  prepare  them. 

PROPRIUS  AURIUS  EXTERNA,  Retrahens 
auris. 

PROPTOMA,  Prolapsus. 

Propto'jia  AuRicuLA'Rrr>r,  Parcestlie' sis  audi' - 
tus  flacca,  Flap  Ear.  Lobe  of  the  ear  broad, 
loose,  and  pendent  from  birth. — Good. 

Proptoma  Scroti,  Rachosis. 

PROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  —  p.  Palpebrae,  Ble- 
pharoptosis  —  p.  Uvulae,  Staphyloedema. 

PROPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

PRORA,  Occiput. 

PRORRHESIS,  Prognosis. 

PRORUPTIO  SANGUINIS,  ILemorrbagia. 

PROS,  Trpos.  In  composition,  this  prefix  gene- 
rally signifies  'in  addition  to,'  'over  and  above/ 
besides.' 

PROSARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

PROSBOLE,  Impression. 

PROSCHYSIS,  Affusion. 

PROSCOLLESIS,  Adherence,  Agglutination. 

PROSECTEUR.  Dissector. 

PROSECTIO.  Anatomy. 

PROSECTOR,  Dissector. 

PROSLEPSIS.  Prehension. 

PROSODOS,  Aditns. 

PROSOPALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPAXTRA.  Frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPAXTRI'TIS,  from  2>rosopanira,  the 


TROSOPAItALYSIS 


0  3 


TROTEINOUS 


frontal  sinuses,  and  Uie,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  (he  frontal  no 

PROSOPARALYSIS,  Palsy,  Bell's. 

PROSO'PIS  DULCI8,  0   I  Legnminosss.    A 

f  rather   large    si/.c,   native  of   Peru.      The 

fruit  —  Paeay  —  is  a  pod,  from  20  to  24  hoob.es 

mtaining  black  seeds  imbedded  in  a  white, 

p.. ft,  tlaky  substance;  which  last  is  eaten  by  the 

Limenos  with  pleasure. — Tsohudi. 

PROSOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

ISOPODYSMOR'PHIA,     from      irpoouxov, 

•the  face.'  Svs, '  with  difficulty,'  and  ^opiprj, '  shape.' 
Malformation  or  atrophy  of  the  face,  —  as  where 
the  process  of  nutrition  suffers  from  diminished 
nervous  influence. 

PROSOPOLOGIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSQPON,  Face. 

PROSOPORRHED'MA,  Rkeumatiafmut  fa'- 
eiei,  from  -,.o<ju)-uv,  'face,'  and  pcvaa,  '  defluxion,' 
'  rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  affecting  the  face. 

PR0S0P0SI8,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOSPASMUS,  Canine  Lau-h. 

PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,  see  Cephaloso- 
Biatodymia. 

PROSPERITAS  VALETUDINIS,  Sanitas. 

PROSPHORA,  Prehension. 

PROS'PHYSIS,  Adnaeeen'tia,  Coalit"io,  'ad- 
hesion,  adherence,  connexion,'  from  pros,  and 
<pvu,  '  I  grow.'  In  a  more  limited  sense,  this 
Word  means  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids, 
cither  between  themselves,  or  with  the  globe  of 
the  eye;   Ankyloblepharon. 

PROS'TASIS,    -yooraois,  from  irpo,  and   oraats, 
a,'    'superiority,    preponderance;'    same 
etymon  as  Proatate.     A  predominance  or  abun- 
dance of  excrementitioua  humour. — Hippocrates. 

PROSTATA,   Prostate  —  p.  Adenoides,  Pros- 
tate—  p.  Partholini,  Cowper's  glands  in   the  fe- 
male— p.  Glandule,  Prostate — p.  Muliebris,  Cow- 
hands in  the  female. 

PROSTATA,  Prostate  — p.  Adenoides,  Pros- 
tate— p.  Glandulosse,  Prostate. 

PROSTATAL,  Prostatic 

PROSTATALGIA,  from  zpoarara,  'the  pros- 
and  aAyos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  prostate. 

PROSTATA DXE,  Prostatoparectasis. 

PROSTATE,  TpouTaTa,  from  vpo,  'before,'  and 

iBTtim,  '  I  stand.' — Proe'tata,  P.  glandu'la,  Protf- 

/'.  glandulo'aa   sen  adenoides,  Par  at' tat  a 

seu  glandulo'aa,  Adatana,   Paraa'tata, 

P.  gland' ulo?,  Teetia  minor,  Corpna  glandulo'eum 

eeu  glando'anm  seu  adeniformi  seu  glandiforme 

seu    glandulo'eutn    seu     adenoi'dea,     Aaaiaten'tea 

glandule?,  Ada'  titea  glandulo'ai  j  the  Prostate  gland. 

A   glandular,  eordiform   body,  of  the  size  of  a 

chestnut,  situate  before  the  neck  of  the  bladder, 

behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  surrounding  the 

irtion  of  the  urethra.     Its  excretory  out- 

the  number  of  10  or  12,  open  into  the  part 

of  the  urethra  that  traverses  it,  and  pour  into  it 

a  whitish  viscid  bumonr —  Liquor  proetaficua — 

Intended  to  lubricate  the  interior  of  the  urethra, 

and    to    serve  as  a  vehicle  for  the    sperm   in    its 

ejaculation. 

statb,  Anterior,  see  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTATBLCO'SIS,  from  wpeerara,  'pros- 
uid  'tAicoj,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the 
ite. 

PROSTA  TES  INFERIEURES,  Cowper's 
glands — p.  /'<  titis,  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTATIC,    Prostaficus,    Proa'tatul,    (F.) 

itique.    That  which  belongs  or   relates  to 

the  prostate.     Winslow    has    Darned —  Superior 

Proatatic  ifueele* — ligsments  which  pass  from 

the  pubis  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  prostate.    He, 

.'.Is  —  Inferior  proatatic  muaclee — the  fleshy 

S  biehf  from  the  lateral  parti  of  the  urethra, 


near  its  membranous  portion,  pass  to  be  inserted 
into  the  pubis. 

Prostatic  Bibrc'tor.  An  instrument  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York,  in  the  Id- 
lateral  operation  of  lithotomy.  In  form  it  resem- 
bles a  large  olive,  with  a  beak  at  the  extremity, 
cutting  edires  at  the  sides  parallel  to  its  longest 
axis,  and  with  a  straight  handle. 

Prostatic  Liquor,  Liquor  prostat'icue.    The 

fluid  secreted  by  the  prostate,  which   mixes  with 
sperm  during  emission. 
Prostatic   portioh  of  the  Urrtrra.    The 

part  of  the  canal  of  the  urethra  included  by  the 
prostate:   it  is  about  15  lines  long. 

Prostatic  Sinis,  see  Sinus,  prostatic. 

PROSTATICUS  SUPERIOR,  Compressor 
prostates. 

PROSTATIQUE,  Prostatic. 

PROSTATITIS,  Inflamma'tio  Proe'tata,  from 
vpoarara,  'the  prostate,'  and  iris,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  prostate  :  when 
accompanying   gonorrhoea,  it  is  the  gonorrko- 

pmstuti'tix. 

PROSTATOCELE,  Prostatoncus. 

PROSTATON'CUS,  Proatatoee'li,  Tumor  pros- 
tatas, from  -poarura,  'the  prostate,'  and  oyxos,  'a 
tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  prostate. 

PROSTATOPARECTASIS,  from  Trpocrara, 
'prostate,'  and  vapiKTtivtiv,  'to  extend.'  En- 
largement of  the  prostate  ;  also,  induration  of  the 
same,  Proetatoacir'rhue,  Proetataux'e. 

PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,  see  Prostatoparec- 
tasis. 

PROSTERXID'IUM,  from  rpo,  'before.'  and 
arepvov,  '  the  sternum.'  Any  agent  applied  to  the 
anterior  part  of  the  chest ;  a  plaster  to  the  breast. 

PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis. 

PROSTIIETA,  Subdita, 

PROSTHIUM,  Penis. 

PROSTOM'IA.  Commiaau'ra  labia'rum  ,-  from 
■npo,  'before,'  and  aroun,  'mouth."  The  commis- 
sure of  the  lips. 

PROSTRA'TION,  Prostra'tio  vi'rium,  (F.) 
Prostration  cles  forces,  Abattement.  Great  de- 
pression of  strength.  Almost  total  loss  of  power 
over  the  muscles  of  locomotion. 

PRO'TEA  MELIF'ERA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  ProteacesB,  whose  involncrs  and 
flowers,  at  the  time  of  inflorescence,  are  filled 
with  a  sweet  watery  liquid,  which  contains  a 
groat  deal  of  honey.  By  inspissation  if  forms  a 
delicious  syrup — Syr'npus  Pro' tea;,  which  is  much 
used  in  pulmonary  affections. 

Protka  Lkpipocarpox,  and  some  other  Pro- 
tea:,  supply  the  same  kind  of  juice. 

PRO'TEAN.  Pro'teiform,  Proteiform'ie,  from 
Proteus,  who  could  assume  various  shapes.  As- 
suming different  shapes. 

PROTEIFORMIS,  Protean. 

Protkiform'is  Morbus.  A  disease  which  as- 
sumes various  characters. 

PRO'TEIX,  Proteine,  Protei'na,  from  ifpuyrevu, 
'I  take  first  rank.'  A  product  of  the  decomposi- 
tion of  albumen,  Ac,  by  potassa.  When  animal 
albumen,  fibrin  or  casein  is  dissolved  in  a  mode- 
rately strong  solution  of  caustic  potassa,  and  the 
solution  is  exposed  for  some  time  to  a  high  tem- 
perature, these  substances  are  decomposed.  The 
addition  of  acetic  acid  causes,  in  all  three,  the 
separation  of  a  gelatinous  translucent  precipitate 
which  has  exactly  the  same  characters  and  com- 
position.    This  is  protein.  —  Mulder. 

Protein  is  the  basis  of  animal  and  vegetable 
fibrin,  albumen,  and  casein,  and  of  gluten,  which 
have  been,  consequently,  Classed  under  the  "  pro- 

teinaceoos  slimentary  principle,"  by  Dr.  Pereira. 
PROTEIN  \<-|:<»r>,  Proteinons. 

PRO'TEIXOUS,  Proteina'ceuus,   Proteino'sus, 


PROTEINEUX 


G4 


PRUNUS   ACACIA 


(F.)  Proteinenx.     Of,  or  belonging  to  protein;  — 
as  "a  proteinous  alimentary  principle." 

PROTEINEUX,  Proteinous. 

PROTENSIONES  GLANDULARES,  Mam- 
rnillary  eminences. 

PROTII'ESIS>,  Pros' thesis.  Adjunc'tio,  Adjec'- 
tio,  Appori"tio,  'addition,  application  ;'  from  npos, 
4  in  addition  to,'  and  tiStjih,  'I  put.'  That  part 
of  surgery  whose  object  is  to  add  to  the  human 
body  some  artificial  part,  in  place  of  one  that  may 
be  wanting,  as  a  wooden  leg.  an  artificial  eye,  &c. 

PROTMESIS,  Umbilicus,  Kidney. 

PROTOAZOTATE  DE  MERCURE,  Hy- 
dranrvri  uitras. 

PROTOGALA.  Colostrum. 

PROTOIATROS.  Archiater. 

PROTOMEDICUS,  Archiater. 

PRO  TOM  US.  Dissector. 

PROTOPATHTA,  Idiopathia. 

PRO'TOPHYTE,  Protoph'yton,  from  irparog, 
'first,'  and  <pvrov,  '  a  plant.'  A  vegetable  produc- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  scale;  as  a  cryptogamous 
plant,  —  a  fungus. 

PRO'TOPLAST^romTrpwros,  'first,'  and  v\aoau, 
'  I  form.'  A  primary  formation.  A  first  formed 
organized  body  —  the  parent  of  all  others. 

PROTOSPOROS,  Os  uteri. 

PROTOZO'ON,  from  Trpwro?,  'first,'  and  faov, 
'  an  animal.'  An  animal  lowest  in  the  scale  ;  — 
as  a  monad. 

PROTRAHENS  LENTIS,  Ciliary  muscle. 

PROTRUSION.  Prolapsus. 

PROTU'BERANCE,  Protuberan'tia,  Extube- 
rn'tiu,  P romi nen' tia, Excrescen'tia,  Extnberan'tia, 
from  pro,  'before,'  and  tuber,  'a  projection.'  (F.) 
Bosse.  A  name  given  to  rough,  unequal  protu- 
berances, seen  at  the  surface  of  certain  organs  ; 
the  parietal  protuberances,occij)ital protuberances, 
annular  protuberances,  <fcc. 

Protuberance,  Annular,  Pons  Varolii  —  p. 
Cerebral.  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons  Varolii — p. 
Gulindrdide,  Cornu  ammonis. 

PROTUBERANTIA,  Eminence— p.  Annularis 
Willieii,  Pons  Varolii — p.  Basilaris,  Pons  Varolii 
■ — p.  Cvlindrica,  Cornu  ammonis. 

PROTRUSOR.  Detrusor  urinae. 

PROULIMATESIS.  A  word  employed  by 
Forestus  for  hernia  of  the  stomach  [?]. 

PROUNE,  Prunus  domestica. 

PROVENTRIC'ULUS,  Bulbus  glandulo'sus, 
Jnfundib' ulum,  Second  stomach;  from  irpo,  'be- 
fore,' and  ventriculus,  '  the  stomach.'  A  bulbous 
expansion  at  the  termination  of  the  oesophagus, 
immediately  above  the  gizzard  of  birds,  the  walls 
of  which  are  thickly  studded  with  a  layer  of 
glands  or  follicles  which  secrete  a  digestive  fluid. 
PROVERBS,  MED'ICAL.  A  proverbial  ex- 
pression frequently  contains  sound  sense  in  its 
directions.  In  medicine,  the  greatest  collection 
is  in  the  Regimen  of  Health  of  the  School  of  Sa- 
lernum,  composed  in  the  ]  1th  century,  by  John 
of  Milan.  Yet,  although  good  sense  is  often  in- 
culcated, we  frequently  meet  with  the  reverse. 

Most  of  the  proverbs  are  hygienic.  The  fol- 
lowing are  a  few. 

1.  Qn   apres  la  soupe  nn  coupe  d' excellent  vin 
Tire  un  ecu  de  la  poche  du  medecin. 

2.  Surge  quintd,  prande  nond,  ccrna  quintd,  dormi 

nond,  nee  est  morti  vita  jjrona. 

3.  Nunquam    recte    corpus    exerceri   sine   animo, 

neque  animum  sine  cor  pore  posse. 

4.  Viande  bien  machee  est  d  demi  digeree. 

5.  Optimum  condimentum  fames. 
Appetite  is  the  best  sauce. 

6.  Plures  occidit  gula  quam  gladiua. 


7.  Early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise, 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wise. 

8.  One  man's  meat's  another  man's  poison. 

9.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is  better  than  a  pound 

of  cure. 

PROVERSIO,  Anteversion. 

PROVIXS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cha- 
lybeate springs  in  the  department  of  Seine  et 
Marne,  France,  which  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

PROVOCATORIUS,  Intercalary. 

PROXIMAD,  see  Proximal  aspect. 

Proximal,  from  proximus,  'next.'  Proxi- 
mate; nearest;  next. 

Proximal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
trunk,  in  the  course  of  an  extremity.  —  Barclay. 
Prox'imad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially 
to  signify  '  towards  the  trunk.' 

PRUNA,  Anthrax. 

PRUNE,  Prunum. 

Prune  Juice  Expectora'tion  or  Sputa.  The 
sputa  resembling  prune  juice,  which  occur  in  the 
third  or  purulent  stage  of  pneumonia. 

PRUNEAU,  Prunum. 

PRUNELLA,  Angina  pectoris,  Aphthae,  Cy- 
nanche,  Pupil. 

Prunel'la,  P.  vulga'ris  seu  officinalis,  Bru- 
nel'la,  Cousol'ida  minor,  Sym'phytum  minus,  Self- 
heal,  Heal-all,  Bugle,  (F.)  Prnnelle,  Brunelle  ; 
Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymno- 
spermia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended  as 
an  astringent,  in  hemorrhages  and  fluxes;  and, 
also,  in  gargles  against  aphthae,  and  in  inflam- 
mation of  the  fauces. 

PRUNELLA  SAL,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

PRUXELLE.  Prunella,  Pupil. 

PRUXELLIER,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNELLOE,  Prunum  Brignolense. 

PRUNEOLA  SYLVESTRIS,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNES,  see  Prunum  —  p.  Pulp  of,  Pruni 
Pulpa. 

PRUNI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  prunes.  Take  of 
prunes  a  sufficient  quantity,  soften  them  in  the 
vapour  of  boiling  water,  and  having  separated 
the  stones,  beat  the  remainder  in  a  marble  mortar 
and  press  through  a  hair-sieve.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

PRUXIER,  Prunus  domestica  —  p.  Sauvage, 
Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNUM.  A  dried  Plum,  a  Prune.  (F.) 
Prunean.  Three  sorts  of  Prunes  bave  been 
usually  ranked  amongst  the  articles  of  the  mate- 
ria medica.  1.  The  Prunum  Brignolen'se  ;  the 
Brignole  plun}  or  Prunel'loe ;  from  Brignole  in 
Provence.  It  is  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour;  and 
has  a  very  grateful,  sweet,  subacid  taste.  2.  The 
Prunum  Gal'licum,  Prunum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  the 
French  Prune  ;  and  3.  The  Prunum  Damasce'num 
or  Damson,  Brab'i/lon.  All  these  possess  the 
same  general  qualities  as  the  other  summer  fruits. 
They  are  emollient  and  laxative. 

Prunum  Stellatum,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

PRUNUS  ACACIA,  Prunus  padus. 

Prunus  Armeni'aca,  Armeni'aca  vulga'ris  seu 
epiro'tica.  The  A'pricot,  Apricock,  Bericoc'ee, 
(iepiKOKKn,  Prcecoc'ia,  (F.)  Ahricotier.  Ord.  Rosa- 
ceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  The 
apricot,  Melum  Armeniacum,  (F.)  Abricot,  when 
ripe,  is  easily  digested,  and  considered  as  a  great 
delicacy. 

Prunus  A'vium,  P.  cer'asus  seu  syh-est'ris  seu 
macrophyl'la,  Cer'asus  A'vium  seu  nigra  seu 
dulcis,  Black  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Merisier.  The 
fruit  is  eaten;  and  a  gum  exudes  from  the  tree, 
the  properties  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of 
gum  Arabic. 

Prunus  Capulin,  (S.)  Capulies,  grows  in  the 


mURIGIXOUS 


765 


rSEUDATIIE 


open  fields  of  Peru  :  and  is  cultivated  in  gardens 
in  the  towns.  The  fruit  ii  aotd,  and  not  often 
eaten  :  hut  on  account  of  its  agreeable  odour  it  is 
u-ed  in  making  Puekerot  de  floret j  i>r  with  odo- 
riferous flowers  to  perfume  linen.  —  TsohudL 

PitiNts  Ckh'asi's.  Ger'atwtae"ida  sen  eorssav*- 
»»'»    seu    eulga'rit  sea  rubra.      The  Red  Cherry 
Tree;  (F.)  Ceritier.     The  fruit  Cer'atut*, 
Stew,  has  a  pleasant,  acidulous  sweet  flavour.      It 
is  wholesome.     Bee  Prunos  avium. 

Put  M  s     DoMBB'TH  v.       The    Plum    or   Damson 
ccyme'lea,  Proune,  (F.)  Pruuier  ordinaire. 
The  damson,  when  perfectly  ripe,  affords  ■  whole- 
some fruit  for  pies,  tarts,  Ae.     It  is  gently  laxa- 
See  Prunum. 

Pki  sua  Uorti  K8t&,  P.  census. 

Prusus    [nsi'tia.     The    Bullae*    Plum    Tree. 
The  fruit  of  this  tree  is  used  like  the  damson. 

Prunus  L  \  i  rRO-CKR'A8i  s,  Cer'atut  lauro-eera- 

t<f>.  Padut  lauro-ceratu*,   Poieon    Laurel,  Cherry 

.  Common   Laurel,  Lauro-eeraeuet  (P.)  Lau- 

rier-eerine,   L.  amandier,  L.  de    Tribitonde*     The 

I'ii.  E.  and  I). )  here  ■  bit- 

ptio   taste,  with    the    flavour    of  hitter    al- 

monds.    The  flowers  hare  a  similar  flavour.    The 

red  leaves,   applied   to   the  nostrils,   exeite 

sneezing.     The  flavour  of  the  leaves  has  given 

occasion   to  their  being  employed   in    tarts,   cus- 

but  in  large  quantities  they  are  poi- 

The  poisonous  principle  is  the  prussic 

aeid.     The   distilled  .water,  called   Laurel-utater, 

Is  poisonous.     (See  Poisons,  Table  of.)     An  AQUA  ', 

LaBBO-CSR'a&I,    Cherry  Laurel-WOter,  is    officinal 

in  the  Edinburgh   and  Dublin   Pharmacopoeias. 

"JJ    XXX    to    f!Jj. 

Prusus  Macrophylla,  P.  avium. 

Pr.ivrs    PAD  08,    Padue,    P.    a'rium,    Cer'atut  I 
'tut  tylnet'trie,   Wild  clutter  or  ! 
Cherry    Tree,  (Sc.)   Hagberry,  ffaek-berry, 
(Prov.)   Heckherry,  (P.)  Ceritier  a  grappee,  Boit 

umanU      The    hark   of  the   tree   has   a   fragrant 
smell,  and  a  bitter  Bub-astringent  taste,  somewhat 
similar  to  that  of  bitter  almonds.     It  has  been 
recommended  in   intermittent,  Ac.  in  the  form 
>ction.      The  berries   have   been    used  in 
dysentery. 
Prunos  Sbbasttha,  Sebastina. 
Prim  s  Spibo'sa,     The  Sloe  Tree,   P.  tylvet'- 
,  Aca'cia,  Agrioeoeeime'lea,  Agru'ua,  Agru- 
iF.)    Pruuellier,   Prunier   tauvage.      The 
fruit — the  nine — is  sometimes  employed  in  gargles, 
and   was    formerly    much    used    in   hemorrhage, 
owing  to  the  astringent  properties.     The  Aea'eia 
tioxtr-ix  sen  Oerman'ica  seu  vulga'rit,   Prune'ola 
t'trit,    Succu*    acacia    nostra' tit,  S.  Acacia 
Germanica  intpitta'tutia  obtained  from  this. 
Promos  Stlvestbis,  P.  Avium.  P.  Spinoaa. 
Prunos  Viroi5ia'ka,  tero'tina  seu 

Vfrginia'na,   Choke    cherry,    Wild   Cherry    Tree, 
<  9.     Ceritit  r  de    Virginie.     The  hark  of  this  tree 
en   found   useful   in    intermittents.     The 
are   poisonous  to  certain   animals,  and  the 
berriee  intoxicate  different  kinds  of  birds.     The 
Indiana  use  the  bark  in  the  cure  of  syphilis.     It 
r  and  astringent,  and  possesses  some  aro- 
n  armth,  and  likewise  s  sedative  quality.    It 
i-  stimulant  and  tonic.     The  leaves  contain  prus- 
sic acid.     The  distilled  oil    of  the    hark    is   rery 
Dearly  identical  with  that  of  the  bitter  almond. 
toction  (if  the  hark  is  anthelmintic. 
Pim  si  ■>   Vii.i;  \i:is,   P.   Pains. 

PRURIG"INOUS,  Prurigino'tue,  [T.)Prurigi. 
ueux.     <nn-  etymon  as  the  next 
belonging  to,  or  resembling  prurig 

PRDRI'GO,  Pruri'tut,  Chrit'ma  ;  from  prurio, 

pntritim,  'to  itch.'      The   word    i-    often    used 

synonymously  with   itching.     Willan  and  Bate- 

man  use  the  term  for  a  mtaneous  dis. 

the  characteristic  symptoms  of  which  are 


itching,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of 
papula'  of  nearly  the  same  eolour  as  the  adjoin- 
ing cuticle  ;  Cneemot,  Scabies  papuli/orm  '  i». 
E.ror'mi<i  prurTgo.  It  affects  the  whole  surface 
of  the  skin,  under  three  varieties  of  form:  —  the 
/'.  mitit,  P.  jorini'viins,  I'.  tenClit,  a<  .  as  sr<  I 

parts  of  the  body,  as  tlie  /'.  pod'i< 

/'.  puden'di  mulit'brit,  Pudeu'dagra  pru'rient, 
Pruri'tut  vuhcr,  (F.j  Prurii  de  In  tulve. 

PrORIOO,  Heat  —  p.  Pedieularis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PRURIT,  Itching— p.  dt  la  \'id,-r.<r<-  Prurigo. 

PKI  KiriS.  Bargains,  Itching,  Prurigo  —  p. 
Vulvio,  see  Prurigo. 

PRUSSIAN  BLUB,  Ferrum  Zo&icum  sen  Bo- 
rut'tieum  seu  Cynnogeua'tum  seu  oxydula'tum  hi/- 
drocyon'icum,  Ferri  Ferroey'anat  sen  Ferroeya- 

niiri'tinii     sell      <  'i/mntrt'tum     SOU     Perei/nn' id n in, 

Borut'tiat  sen  PruttiatWM  Bydroey'anat  Ferri, 
Cmru'leum  Borut'ticum  seu  Beroliuen'te,  Trito- 
hydro-ferrocy'anate   or  Ferrocyanurei  or   j 

prut'tiute    of    iron,    (F.)    Bleu    de    Prutte,    B.    d>: 

Berlin.     In    the    Pharmacopoeia  of  the    United 

States,  the  pure  .-alt — Ferri  ferroeyanuretum—U 

directed  to  be  made  as  follows.  Ferri  Sufj/h.  $\y, 
acid  tulph.  fSpiise,  aeid  nitric.  f'3v.i  or  <|.  s.,  po- 
tattii  ferroeynnuret.  J^ivss,  aqua>,  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  in  a  pint  of  water,  and  having  add- 
ed the  sulphuric  aeid,  boil  the  solution.  Pour 
into  it  the  nitric  acid,  in  small  portions,  boiling 
the  liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addi- 
tion, until  it  no  longer  produces  a  dark  colour; 
then  allow  the  liquid  to  cool.  Dissolve  the  ferro- 
oyanuret  of  potassium  in  the  remainder  of  the 
water,  and  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  first 
liquid,  agitating  the  mixture  after  each  addition  ; 
then  pour  it  upon  a  filter.  Wash  the  precipitate 
with  boiling  water  until  the  washings  pass  taste- 
less. Lastly,  dry  and  rub  into  powder.  This 
salt  is  chiefly  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  hy- 
drocyanic acid  and  the  cyanuret  of  mercury.  It 
has  been  advised  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents, and  in  epilepsy  and  Bcropbulosis.  Exter- 
nally, it  has  been  applied  to  ill-conditioned  ulcers. 
t~i  to  ^i.  of  cerate.)  Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 
*  PS  ILIDIUM,  Fornix. 
PSALIS,  Fornix.  Scissors. 

PSALTERIUM.  Lyra, 

PSAMMA,  sc  travel. 

PS  \  M  .M  I>'.M  IS,  Ammie'mut,  Oammit'mut, 
from  t^auuoc,  'sand.'  Arenn'tto.  The  application 
of  Band  to  any  part  of  the  body  for  the  cure  of 
—  Paulus. 

PSAMMODES,  Sabulous. 

PS  \.M  MI'S.  sc,»  (i  ,-avcl. 

PSAUTfER,  Omasum. 

PSELLIS'MUS,  TbsMtetioe,  Peellotet,  tleXXtTuc, 
from  i|£AA{£u),  'I  stutter.'  Imperfect  or  depraved 
state  of  the  articulation.  A  genus  in  the  class 
Pueuwatiea,  order  Phonica,  of  Good. 

Psbllismus  -\\mias,  Rhinophonia  —  p.  Rho- 
taeismus  Rotacism. 

PSELLOTES,  Balbuties. 

USEUDACACIA  ODORATA,  Robtnia  paeu- 
dacaeia. 

PSEUD AC'OF.,  Pm  ndacoVa.  Pteudeeofa,  from 
i/.cec^f,  'false/ and  axon, ' audition.'  Pteudacu'tit. 
False  hearing. 

PSEUD  KJORUS,  Iris  pseudacorns. 

PSEUDiESTHE'S]  \.  Seneut  perver'tut,  from 

i/fix^j,  'false,'  and  aieSaropai,   'I   feel.'  ntoSooti, 

feeling.'     Pamptit  illuto'ria,  Pteuda'phi,  /'■ 


(F.)  Pteudetthitie.     Depraved    feeling. 


dn/di' 

Imaginary  sense  of  touch  or  general  feeling  in 
organs  that  have  no  existence.  Common  to  those 
who  have  suffered  am putation  j  and  to  bypoohon- 

•  and  the  insane. 

P8EUDALEI  IMORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 
PSEUD  WGU8TURINUM,  Brucine. 
P8EUDAPHE,  PseudsBsthesia, 


PSEUDARTIIROSIS 


7G6 


PSOLE 


PSEUDARTIIRO'SIS,  Pseudarticula'tio, 

Pseudartic'u/us,  Articula'tio  nothn  seu  artificial 
lie,  from  iptvdrjs,  'false/  and  ap$pov,  '  a  joint.'     A 
false  joint  or  articulation  ;   Artie'ulus  novm  seu  ! 
spu'rius    seu  praternatura'lis,   (F.)   Articulation 
sarnnmeraire. 

PSEUDARTICULATIO,  Pseudarthrosis. 

PSEUDECOIA,  Pseudacoe. 

PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS,  Paraceph'alus,  from 
xlcv&ns,  'false,'  and  eyacJaXov,  '  the  encephalon.' 
A  monster,  whose  cranium  is  open  in  its  whole 
extent,  from  before  to  behind,  its  base  supporting 
a  vascular  tumour.  —  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PSEUDESTHESIE,  Pseudaesthesia. 

PSEUDO,  False — p.  Asthma,  Dyspnoea. 

PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  Pseudoblepsis,  Pseudo- 
ra'sis,  Suffu'sio  oc'uli,  from  ^ev&rjs,  'false,'  and 
(JXe^is,  '  sight.'  Pseudops'ia,  Parop'sis  illuso'ria, 
Suffu'sio,  Phantas'ma,  False  sight.  A  generic 
name,  used  by  Gullen  for  perversion  of  vision. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

PSEUDOBLEPSIS,  Paropsis. 

PSEUDOCARCINOMA  LABII,  Cancer  aqua-  : 
ticus. 

PSEUDOCHROMIA,  Achromatopsia. 

PSEUDO-CROUP,  Asthma  thvmicum. 

PSEUDOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  false  — p.  Cye-  ' 
sis  molaris,  Mole. 

PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrencephaloid 
disease. 

PSEUDO-FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Pseudogeu'sis,  Pseudo- 
gens' tia,  from  ^levSns,  '  false,'  and  ytvais,  '  taste.' 
Hallucina'tio  gustds.     False  taste. 

PSEUDOGEUSTIA,  Pseudogeusia. 

PSEUDOHELMINTHES,  Eetozoa. 

PSEUDOLI'EN,  Pseudosphn,  from  Kevins, 
'false,'  and  lien,  'spleen.'  Glands  situate  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  spleen ;  probably,  lymphatic 
glands. 

PSEUDOMECHOACANA,  Convolvulus  pan- 
dura  tus. 

PSEUDOMEDICUS,  Charlatan. 

PSEUDOMELANOTIC  FORMATIONS,  see 
Anthracosis. 

Pseudomelaxotic  Meninx,  Membrane,  false — 
p.  Metamorphosis  polvposa,  polypus. 

PSEUDOMEMBRANA,  Membrane,  false. 

PSEUDUMEMBRANE,  Membrane,  false. 

PSEUDONARCISSUS,  Narcissus  pseudonar- 
cissus. 

PSEUDONOMA'NIA,  from  -ievSris,  'false,'  and 
mania.  A  form  of  insanity,  which  is  character- 
ized bv  a  morbid  propensity  for  lving. 

PSEUDO-PARASITES,  Eetozoa. 

PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia 
notha. 

PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULI RESO- 
LUTIVA  ET  COLLIQUATIVA,  Gastromalacia. 

PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS.  'False  phthisis.'  Ema- 
ciation occasioned  by  other  cause  than  organic 
lesion  of  the  lungs. 

PSEUDOPLAS'MATA,  from  xf,ivSr,Sf  'false,' 
and  7rXa<r(7w,  '  I  form.'  A  term  applied  to  malig- 
nant heterologous  tumours. — Vogel. 

PSEUDOPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia  — p.  Po- 
lypi, see  Polypi  —  p.  Pyrethrum,  Achillea  ptar- 
inica  —  p.  Spleen,  Pseudolien. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPSIA,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDORASIS,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDOREX'IA,  Pseudorex'is,  from  xpevfas, 
'false,'  and  opefc,  'appetite.'     False  appetite. 

PSEUDO-RIIONCHUS,  from  ^cu^j,  'false,' 
and  poy%os,  'rattle.'  A  sound  heard  during  re- 
spiration, which  appears  to  be  produced,  like  the 


ordinary  rhonchi,  in  the  air-tubes,  but  is  exterior 
to  them — as  in  the  case  of  pleural  pseudorhonchi. 
See  Rattle,  and  Rd/e. 

PSEUDOSCOP'IC,  Pseudoscop'ieus,  from 
^levins,  'false,'  and  aKontu,  'I  view.'  Conveying 
false  impressions  to  the  eye;  as  where  projecting 
surfaces  are  seen  depressed,  and  conversely. 

P  S  E  U  D  0  S  '  MIA,  Pseudoephre'eia,  Psevdot- 
phre'sis,  from  tj.£u<$>/j,  'false,'  and  oaftrj,  'smell.' 
False  sense  of  smell. 

PSEUDOSPHRESIA,  Pseudosmia. 

PSEUDOSYPHILIS,  Syphilis  pseudosyphilis. 

PSEUDOTHANATOS,  Asphyxia, 

PSEUDOVARIOLiE,  Varicella. 

PSEUDYMEN.  Membrane,  false. 

PSIDTUM  POMIF'ERUM.  The  Apple  Gua- 
va,  Guava.  Guai/ava.  Ord.  Myrtaeeie.  This 
plant  and  P.  Pyrif'erum  bear  fruits  ;  those  of  the 
former  like  apples, — of  the  latter  like  pears.  The 
apple  kind  has  an  acid  flavour,  the  other  is  sweet. 
Of  the  inner  pulp  of  either,  the  natives  of  the 
Indies  make  jellies  ;  and,  of  the  outer  rind,  tarts, 
marmalades,  <fec.  They  are  somewhat  astringent; 
this  quality,  indeed,  exists  in  every  part  of  the 
tree,  and  abundantly  in  the  leaf-buds,  which  arc 
occasionally  boiled  with  barley  and  liquorice  as 
an  excellent  drink  in  diarrhoea.  A  simple  decoe- 
tion  of  the  leaves  is  said  to  be  useful  in  the  itch, 
and  most  cutaneous  eruptions. 

PSILOSIS.  Depilation. 

PSILOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba,  Depilatory. 

PSIMMYTHON,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

PSOA,  Dysodia. 

PSOAS,  Psoice,  Psyce,  i//oar,  see  Lutnbi,  '  the 
loins.'  The  psoae  muscles;  Alop'eees,  Kephro- 
me'trce,  Neurome' teres. 

PSOAS-MAGNUS,  Psoas  seu  lumba'ris  inter'. 
nus,  Femur  moven'tium  sextus,  Pre-lombo-trochan- 
tifi,  Pre-lombo-trochantinien  (Ch.).  A  muscle, 
seated  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  lumbar  portion 
of  the  vertebral  column;  and  passing  down  to 
the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  long,  fusiform,  and  attached,  above,  to  the 
body  and  transverse  processes  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebrae,  and  last  dorsal.  Below,  it  ter- 
minates, by  a  very  thick  tendon,  common  to  it 
and  the  iliacus  muscle,  —  which  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  lesser  trochanter.  This  muscle 
bends  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis,  and  carries  it  in 
rotation  outwards.  It  may,  also,  bend  the  pelvis 
on  the  thigh,  and  the  loins  on  the  pelvis.  It  acts 
considerably  in  station  and  progression. 

Psoas  Parvus,  Pri-lombo-pubien,  (Ch.)  A 
muscle  situate  anteriorly  to  the  last.  It  is  long, 
thin,  flat,  and  narrow;  and  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  body  of  the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  below, 
to  the  linea  ileo-pectinea,  by  means  of  a  slender 
tendon,  which  furnishes  two  expansions  —  one  to 
the  Uiac  aponeurosis,  and  the  other  to  the  pelris. 
This  muscle  bends  the  vertebral  column  on  the 
pelvis;  and,  reciprocally,  the  pelvis  on  the  ver- 
tebral column. 

PSODYMUS,  Gastrodidymus. 

PSOIvE,  Psoa?. 

PSOITE,  Psoitis. 

PSOI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  mns'culi  Psoas,  Lum- 
ba'goinflammato'ria  spasmod'ica,  (F.)  Pso'tte,  In- 
flammation du  muscle  Psoas.  From  if  oat,  '  the 
loins,'  'the  psose  muscles.'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  psoas  muscles 
and  of  the  parts  situate  before  the  lumbar  verte- 
brae :  accompanied,  from  its  commencement,  by 
considerable  fever,  violent  pains  in  the  part 
affected  and  in  the  thigh  of  the  same  side,  which 
remains  commonly  half  bent.  Psoitis  may  termi- 
nate by  suppuration,  and  form  a  lumbar  abscess. 
PSOLE,  ^wXi;,  'the  male  organ.'  Also,  the 
glans  when  uncovered. 


PSOLOX 


67 


PSYDRAC I  V 


PSOLON,  Membrosus. 

PSOLON'CUS,  tr.»m  psolet  and  o]«(,  '•  tu- 
nvur."    Swelling  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  penis 

PSOLDS,  from  psole.     One  who  has  the 
uncovered.     One  who  has  been  oireumeised. 

PSOPIIOMBTER,  Stethoscope. 

PSOPHOS,  ^oryv,  'a  noise.'  Aloud  noise;  a 
hollow  sound. 

PSORA,  from  i|u)o>,  'I  rub  gently.1  Sca'biet, 
Phlyais  seu  Ecpye'sis  Scabies,  Scabiola,  Itch, 
Scratch,  Scotch   fi</<tle,  (Prov.)  Ichet,  Sera 

I  .)  Gale,  Mai  Saint-Alain, 
Hogne.  A  cuntagiooa  eruption  of  very  minute 
pimples — pustular,  vesicular,  papular,  intermixed, 
and  alternating,  itching  intolerably  and  termina- 
ting in  sea 08,  It  Beems  to  be  eonneoted  with  an 
insert  of  the  genua  Acorns; —  the  Atfwrus  Beu 
Sarcop  U  i  Beu  Sarcop'tus  seu  Phtki'rium  sen  (  ''■■■>- 
Vcabiei,  Ac' arm  Giro,  ltch-in*ecty  Itch-ani- 
mat'cule,  Itch  mite,  (F.)  Ciron.  The  itch  oecupii  8, 
particularly,  the  spaces  between  the  fingers,  the 
hack  of  the  hands,  wrist-',  elbows,  axilla-,  groins, 
a >•..  and  rarely  affects  the  lace.  The  best 
applications,  for  its  cure,  are,  —  the  Unguentum 
Sulphuris  or  Ung.  Sulph.  comp.  night  and  morn- 
ing; but  the  unpleasant  smell  of  the  sulphur  has 
given  occasion  to  the  use  of  other  means  ; — as  the 
White  Hellebore,  Potass  in  deliquescence,  Muriate 
of  Ammonia,  Sulphuric  Arid,  Ac.  The  repug- 
nance to  the  smell  of  sulphur  ought  not.  how  c\  er, 
to  be  regarded;  especially  as,  in  the  course  of 
f.nir  or  live  days,  it  will,  in  almost  all  cases,  pro- 
duce a  perfect  cure. 

P80RA  AoRJA,  Psoriasis  inveterata. 

Psora  Ebrio'ruk,  Drunkard'*  Itch.   An  erup- 
tion,   attetided    by    afflicting    itching,    to    which 
elderly  people,  who  have  been   much  addicted   to 
drinking  alcoholic  liquors,  are  liable. — Darwin, 
v  LKPR08A,  Psoriasis — p.  Squamosa,  Pso- 

: 

PSORALEA,  Psoralea  pentaphylla. 

Pso  it  A'L  B  a    Q  l  a  N  ))  D  I.  o's  a,  from   vl/wpaAfof 

'scurfy  or  scaly,'  in  reference  to  its  scurfy  glands 

Alvaqttil'la.     Ord.  Leguminosse.     Sex. 

Diadelpbia  Decandria,     A  shrub,  used  in 

Chili   as   a  vulnerary.      The   Paraguay   tea   is   re- 

•  >  it  by  M.  Lenoble,  of  Montevideo.     See 

lies  Paraguensis. 

\ii.A  Pbntaphtl'la,  Psora'lea,  Contra- 
yer'va  nova,  Mex'ican  Contrayer'va.  The  root  is 
little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  the  con  tray  erva  in  its 
medical  properties;  which,  by  the  by,  are  unim- 
portant. 

PSORENTERIA,  Cholera. 
PSORFASIS,   (same   etymon    as    Psora,)  for- 
merly,  the    state    of   being    affected   with    \lwpa. 
Lepido'aia  psori' cutis,  Serpe'do,  Serpi'go,  Tmpeti'- 
-  a'bie*  tie'ea  Beu  feri'na,  Psora 
'  seu  aquamo'sa,  Scaly  Tetter,  Dry  Scale, 
Dry  Scall,  (V.)  Dartre  squameuse  licheno'ide,  />. 
Gratelle,   Gale    miliars,   Q.  canine  on 
A  cutaneous  affection,  consisting  of  patches 
of  rough,  amorphous  Bcales;  continuous,  or  of 
indeterminate  outline ;  skin  often  chappy.     Pso- 
riasis or, -ins  under  a  considerable  variety  of  forms. 
.  under  the  scales.  i<  more  tender  and 
irritable  than   in   lepra,  which    psoriasis,  in    some 
arables.    l>r.  Willan  has  given  names 
'.'■ii   varieties    of  psoriasis:    the    chief  of 
which  are  the  Psoriasis gutta'ta,  P.  ilijjn's,,  (one 
form   of  which   is  the    Baker's   Itch   and  Grocer's 
ftt  i<  :  And  another,  the  Washerwoman's  Scall),  the 
r.gyra'tft,»,nH  I',  invetera'ta  sen    Psora  a'gria. 
The  treatment  of  irritable  psoriasis  must  he  anti- 
phlogistic,  with    the   internal    use  of  the    fixed 
alkalies,   sulphur,   Ac.     They    do    Letter   without 
any  local  application.      The    more   local    and   less 
inflammatory  are  ameliorated    by  emollient   and 


soothing  applications:  or  by  Bligl  lly  stimulating 
means.  Bea-batbiog,  the  Ung.  hydrarg.  nitrico- 
orycL,  Ung.  <>.>  idi  tinci,  a    . 

PSORIC,    Pso'ricus,    [V.)    Psorique,    0 
from   i|wp,i,   'itch.'     That    which   bos   the    nature 
of  itch.     A  medicine  for  curing  the  itch. 

PS0R0C0M1  CM.  fro,,,  >Umo,  •  the  itch,' and 

x-o/ifw,    '  I    tale    care    of.'      An    hospital    for    those 

affected  with  itch. 

PSOROPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — p. 

Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infan- 
tum  . 

PSYJS,  Psoas. 

PSYCHAGOGA,  Psyohagogica. 
PS1  CHAGO'GICA,    Psychago'ga,   from    ij.vxv, 
'life,'  'soul,'  and  ayu,  'I  lead."    .Medicines  which 

resuscitate,  when  life  seems  extinct;  as  in  syn- 
cope and  apoplexy. 

PSYCHE,  Aniraa. 

PSYCHIA'TER.     Same  etymon  as  th< 
One  who    treats    diseases    of  the    mind— a    Mad- 
doctor,  (F.)  Midecin  de  fous,  AH ''nisi,, 

PSYCHIATRI'A,  from  -d***  '  mind,'  an<l 
tarptta,  'healing.'  Treatment  of  diseases  of  the 
mind. 

PSY'CHICAL,  Pay'chicus,  from  d<v^e,  'mind.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  mind  or  mental  endow- 
ments. Paycholog"icol  is  not  unfrequently  used 
with  the  like  signification. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL,  see  Psychical. 

PSYCHOLOGY,  Peycholog"ia,  from  ^vxv, 
'mind.'  and  Aoyoj,  'discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties.  Also,  the  intel- 
lectual and  moral  faculties  or  sphere. 

PSYCHONOSOL'OGY,  Psyehonosolog"ia,  from 
xlvxn,  'mind,'  vooos,  'disease,'  and  Aoyoy,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  dis- 
eases of  the  mind. 

PSYCHOPATHIES,  Psychoses. 

PSYCHOR'AGES,  Agoni'xans,  Moribun'due, 
Mor'ibund,  Fey,  Fee,  Fie,  from  4VX'>>  'mind, 
•life,'  and  payv,  'rupture.'  Dying;  in  Articulo 
Mortis,  "in  the  article  of  death;"  fa  extre'mis. 
Moribund  means,  also,  one  who  is  dying. 

PSYCHOR  VGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHORRHAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHOS,  <'old. 

PSYCHO'S  ES,  from  4vxif  'mind.'  Neuroses 
of   the    intellect.     Diseases  of  the   mind.     Pvy- 

PSYCHOTHERAPEI'A,  from  deX„,  'mind,' 
and  Sepawevu,  '  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'  Treat- 
ment of  disease  through  the  mind. 

PSYCH  OTIC  A,  Analeptics, 

PSYCIIOTRIA,  Analeptics!—  p.  Crocea,  Pali- 
oourea  erocea  —  p.  Emetica,  Ipecacuanha. 

PSYCHOTROPHUM,  Betonica  officinalis. 

PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron,  from  d-u- 
vpos.  'cold.'  and  Xovu,  'I  wash.'      A  cold  hath. 

PSYCHROPHOB'IA,  from  ^vXi>»<.  cold,' and 

Qofios,  'fear.'  Dread  of  eold,  especially  of  cold 
water.     Impressibility  to  cold. 

PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants. 

PSYDRA'CIA,  quasi,  ipvxpa  'vipaitta,  'cold 
drops,'  from  if,vapa£,  yLucpanrof,  'a  small  blister  i  P 
pimple.'  The  ancients  Bometimes  used  this  term 
for  pimples;  at  others,  for  vesicles.  Willan  and 
Bateman  define  Psydraeium  to  be,  ■  small  pus- 
tule, often  irregularly  circumscribed,  producing 
but  a  slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  and  termi- 
nating in  a  laminated  Bcab.     Many  of  the  psy- 

draeia  usually  appear  together,  and   : 

fluent  ;  and,  after  the  discharge  of  pus,  they  pour 

out  a  thin,  watery  hnnionr:  which  frequently 
forms  an  Irregular  incrustation.  Frank  limits 
the  term  to  a  psoriform  eruption,  which  differs 
from  itch  In  not  originating  from  an  insei 
is  not  contagions ; — perhaps  the  lichen.  Authors 
have  differed  regarding  its  acceptation. 


PSYLLIUM 


7G8 


PTERYGOID 


Psydracta  Acne.  Acne. 

PSYLLIUM,  Plantago  psyllium— p.  Erectum, 
Plantago  psyllium. 

PTARMICA,  Achillea  ptarmica — p.  Montana, 
Arnica  montana. 

PTARMICUM,  Errhine,  Sternutatory. 

PTARMOS,  Sneezing. 

PTELEA,  Ultnus. 

Ptklea  Trifolia'ta,  Shrubby  trefoil.  Swamp 
dogwood,  Stinking  ash,  Stinking  prairie  bush, 
Wingseed;  indigenous.  Order,  Xanthoxylaceae. 
Flowering  in  June.  Is  said  to  be  possessed  of 
antiperiodic  virtues,  and  to  be  anthelmintic. 

PTERIS,  Polypodiuin  filix  mas. 

Pteris  Aquili'na,  (rrTEpv^,  'a  wing,'  from  the 
shape  of  its  leaves.)  Pter'ia,  Thelyp'teris,  Filix 
Nympha'n  seu  foemin'ea,  Asple'nium  aquili'num, 
Common  Brake  or  Female  Fern;  Eagle  Fern, 
Bracken,  (F.)  Fongere  femelle,  La  grande  Fon- 
gere. JYat.  Orel.  Filiees.  The  root  is  considered 
to  be  anthelmintic;  and  as  efficacious  as  that  of 
the  male  fern  in  cases  of  tapeworm. 

Pteris  Palustris,  Asplenium  filix  foemina. 

PTERNA,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNIUxM,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNOBATES,  Calcigradus. 

PTEROCARPUS  ERINACEA,  see  Kino  — p. 
Marsupium,  see  Kino — p.  Sandalinus,  P.  Santa- 
linus. 

PteROCAr'pus  Santali'nuS,  P.  Sandali'nus, 
(irTEpov,  'a  wing,'  and  Kapiros,  'fruit,')  San'talnm 
seu  San'dalum  Rubrum,  lied  Sanders  or  Saunders 
Tree,  (F.)  Santal  rouge.  Ord.  Leguminosae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Red  Saunders 
wood,  San'talnm,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Lignum  saudali'- 
num  is  used  only  as  a  colouring  matter:  it  gives 
to  rectified  spirit  a  fine  deep  red.  The  juice  of 
this  tree,  like  that  of  P.  Draco,  affords  a  species 
of  Dragon's  Blood. 

PTEROCAULON  PYCXOSTACH'YUM,  Co- 
ny'za  pycnostach'ya,  Black  root;  indigenous. 
Order,  Compositae.  The  root  is  used  as  an  alte- 
rative in  the  form  of  decoction.  It  is  said  to  be 
possessed  of  cathartic  properties. 

PTEROS'PORA  ANDROMEDE'A.  (nrcpov,  <a 
wing,'  and  aiopa,  'seed,'  in  allusion  to  the  singu- 
lar wing  borne  by  the  seeds,)  Scaly  Dragon  claw, 
Dragon  root,  Fever  root,  Albany  beechdrop.  An 
indigenous  plant.  Nat.  Ord.  Monotropeae,  Sex. 
Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia  : — found  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  which  blossoms  in  July.  The  root 
has  been  regarded  as  an  anthelmintic,  diuretic, 
emmena^ngne,  &c. :  but  is  not  used. 

PTERYG'ION,  Pterygium,  Ala,  from  Trrepv^, 
rrtpvyoi;.  '  a  wing.'  A  small  wing.  Web,  Onyx, 
Pyo'sis,  Unguis,  (F.)  Drapeau,  Onglet.  A  vari- 
cose excrescence  of  the  conjunctiva,  of  a  trian- 
gular shape,  and  commonly  occurring  at  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye;  whence  it  extends  over  the 
cornea.  Sometimes  two  or  three  pterygia  occur 
on  the  same  eye,  and  cover  the  whole  cornea 
with  a  thick  veil,  which  totally  prevents  vision. 
According  to  Scarpa,  the  ancients  gave  the  name 
Pannic'ulus  to  this  last  complication.  If  the 
pterygion  cannot  be  dispelled  by  means  of  discu- 
tient  collvria,  it  must  be  removed  by  the  scissors. 

PTERYGIUM,  Pterygion,  Scapula— p.  Digiti. 
Paronychia — p.  Lardaceum,  Pinguecula — p.  Pin- 
gue,  Pinguecula. 

PTER'YGO,  in  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  means  relating,  or  appertaining,  to  the 
ptervejoid  processes. 

PTERYGO-ANGULT-MAXlLLAIRE.  Ptery- 
goideus  internus — p.  Colli-maxillaire,  Pterygoid- 
eus  externus — p.  Maxillaire,  grand,  Pterygoideus 
internus — p.  Maxillaire,  petit,  Pterygoideus  ex- 
ternus—  p.  Palatine  canal,  Pter}Tgoid  canal  —  p. 
Pharvn^eus,  Constrictor  pharyngis  —  p.  Staphy- 
linus,  Circumfiexus. 


PTER'YGO-  VXL'A.TYS~E,Pterygo-Palati,nwt. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pterygoid  process  and 
palate. 

Pterygo-Palatine  Artery  or  Superior  pha- 
ryngeal is  a  very  small  artery,  and  is  given  off  by 
the  internal  maxillary  at  the  bottom  of  the  zygo- 
matic fossa:  after  having  passed  through  the 
pterygo-palatine  canal,  it  is  distributed  to  the 
superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  the  sphenoid  bone, 
and  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Pterygo-Palatine  Canal.  A  small  canal, 
formed  by  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess, and  the  palate  bone.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  of  the  same  name. 

PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS  INTERNUS, 
Levator  palati — p.  Syndesmo-staphyli-jjharyngien, 
Constrictor  pharvngis. 

PTERYGODES,  Alatus. 

FTER'YGOID,  Pterygoi'de8,Pterygdide'us,Ali- 
for'mis  ;  from  7rr£pu£,  TTTtpvyos,  'awing,'  and  acos, 
'  form.'  A  name  given  to  two  processes  at  the  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  the  two  la- 
minae which  form  them  having  been  compared  to 
wings.  These  alee  or  wings  or  processes, — P races'  - 
8us  aliform' es,  —  have  been  distinguished,  ac- 
cording to  their  position,  into  internal  (ento-pte- 
ryg(dd)  and  external. 

Pterygoid  Artery,  Vid'ian  Artery,  Ram'ulns 
Ductus  Pterygn'ide'i,  Arte'ria  pharynge'a  supre'- 
ma,  arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  artery,  at 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  and  enters  the 
pterygoid  canal  with  the  nerve  of  the  same  name, 
to  proceed  to  be  distributed  on  the  Eustachian 
tube  and  velum  palati.  The  name,  pterygoid 
arteries,  is  likewise  given  to  the  branches,  which 
the  internal  maxillary  and  some  of  its  divisions, 
as  the  meningea  media,  and  posterior  temporalis 
profunda,  furnish  to  the  pterygoid  muscles,  be- 
hind the  neck  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Pterygoid  Bone,  Sphenoid. 

Pterygoid  Canal,  Vid'ian  canal,  Ductus  pte- 
rygoideus, Cana'lis  Vidia'mis,  (F.)  Conduit  ptery- 
goid ieu  ou  Vidien,  Pterygo-palatine  canal,  is  a 
narrow  channel,  which  traverses,  in  a  direction 
from  before  to  behind,  the  base  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  and  gives  passage  to  the  pterygoid  nerve. 
The  foramina  of  the  sphenoid,  which  terminate 
the  canals,  have  the  same  epithets  applied  to 
them. 

Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Pterygo'ide'a,  (F.) 
Fosse  pterygo'idienne  ou  pterygo'ide,  is  the  de- 
pression which  separates  the  two  laminae  or  alae 
of  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala'res  mus'cnli,  Ali- 
form'es  mus'cnli,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Pterygoideus  externus  seu  minor,  (F.)  Ptery go- 
coll  i -maxillaire.  Petit  Pterygo-maxillaire  (Cli.), 
Petit  pterygo'idien,  Pterygo'idien  externe,  is  a 
thick,  short  muscle,  which  arises,  by  short  apo- 
neuroses, from  the  outer  surface  of  the  external 
ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  and  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  great  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone ; 
and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck 
of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  and  the  corresponding  part 
of  the  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  This  muscie 
draws  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  and  the  inter- 
articular  ligament  forwards.  It  carries  the  chin 
forwards,  and  to  the  opposite  side.  If  the  two 
external  pterygoids  act  together,  the  jaw  is  car- 
ried directly  forwards.  2.  The  Pterygoideus  in- 
ternus seu  major,  3fasse'ter  intern'us,  Latem  in 
Ore,  (F.)  Grand  Pterygo-maxillaire,  J'terygn- 
anguli-maxillaire,  Grand  Pterygo'idien  ou  Ptery- 
go'idien interne.  A  thick,  quadrilateral  muscle, 
which  is  attached  by  short  and  very  strong  apo- 
neuroses;  above,  to  the  pterygoid  fossa,  whence 
it  proceeds  downwards,  backwards,  and  outwards, 
to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface  of  the  ramus 
of  the  lower  jaw,  near  its  angle.     This  muscle 


PTERYGOIDIEN 


7C9 


rue  HURT 


raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  carries  it  a  little  for- 
krards.     It  also  performs  the  grinding  motion. 

Pterygoid  Xkrvks.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, i.  The  Pterygoid  or  Vid'ian  Nerve.  It 
ari-''~  from  t ho  posterior  part  of  the  spheno- 
palatine ganglion  :  traverses  the  Vidian  canal  of 
the  sphenoid;  and,  beyond,  divides  into  two  tila- 
ruents.  1.  A  ntperior  or  cranial,  Nervtu*  euperfi- 
ciu'lii  sive  petro'eue,  which  ascends  into  the  cra- 
nium, and  enters  the  hiatus  of  Eallopius  to  unite 
with  the  facial  nerve.  2.  An  inn-rim-  or  carotid, 
profunda*  sive  major,  which  traverses  the 
carotid  canal,  and  unites  with  the  ascending 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
fcrisplanchnio.  n.  The  Pterygoid  Nerve,  pro- 
perlv  so  called.  Nervue  mueculi  pterygoi'dei,  is 
given  off  by  the  interior  maxillary  branch  of  the 
5th  pair. 

Pterygoid  Pro<  Pterygoid. 

PTERYOOlDIBN  GRAND  oo  INTERNS, 
Pterygoideus  internns — p.  Externa,  Pterygoideus 
extern  as —  p.  Petit,  Pterygoideus  externus, 

PTERTGO'MA,  from  zrepv^,  irrtpvyoi,  '  a  wing; 
a  projecting  or  pendulous  body.'  A  swelling  of 
the  vulva,  which  prevents  coition.  —  Al.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

PTBRTX,  Ala. 

PTILOSIS,  Deplnmatio,  Madarosis. 

PTISANA,  Tisane  —  p.  Communis,  Decoctum 
hordei  oompositnm  —  p.  Ilippocratica,  Decoctum 
hord-i. 

PTISSANA,  Tisane. 

PTOCHIA'TBR,  Ptochin'trus,  from  ir™^, 
'poor,'  and  larpog,  'a  physician.'  A  physician  to 
the  poor,  or  to  an  establishment  for  the  poor. 

PTOCHIATRI'A.  Practice  amongst  the  poor. 
Also,  an  institution  for  the  treatment  of  the  dis- 
:'  the  poor. 

PTOCHOCO.MI'UM,  from  rrr^oj,  'a  poor  per- 
son,' and  KOfieu,  '  I  take  care  of;'  Ptochodochi'um, 
Ptochei'um,  Ptoehotropke'um.  An  almshouse.  An 
hospital  for  the  poor. 

PTOCHODOCHIUM,  Ptochocomium. 

PTOCHOTKOPIIEUM,  Ptochocomium. 

PTOMA,  Cadaver. 

PTOSIS,  wrwffij,  Prolapsus  —  p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Bxophthalmia. 

Ptosis  I'ridis,  Iridoce'le,  Her'nia  seu  Prolap- 
sus Fridie,  fridopto'eie,  from  ktwoi;,  'a  fall- 
ing.' A  prolapsus  of  the  iris  through  a  wound 
of  the  cornea.  It  is  known  by  a  blackish  tubercle, 
which  projects  a  little  from  the  cernea  in  various 
forms. 

Ptosis  Palpkbr^,  Blepharoptosis. 

PTYALAGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALIN,  see  Saliva. 

PTTALISM,  Salivation. 

PTYALISMB,  Salivation—;?.  Jfercuriel,  Sali- 
vation, merourial. 

PTTALISM  OS,  Salivation  —p.  Acutus  melli- 
tus,  see  Salivation — p.  Acutus  syrapatheticus,  see 
Salivation — p.  Hydrargyratns,  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial— p.  [ners,  Slavering — p.  Mereurialis,  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial  —  p.  Pvrosicus,  Pyrosis. 

PTTALOGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTTALON,  Saliva. 

PTTASM  ^GOOUB,  Expectorant,  Sialogogue. 

PTTBLON,  Saliva.  Sputum. 

PTYSI-.  Exspuition. 

PTYSMA,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTVsm  laoGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTTSMATIS'CHB8IS,  Ptytmatot'eheeie,  from 
TTvayij,  'sputum,'  and  i^ai',  'to  retain.'  Sup- 
pression of  pulmonary  expectoration. 

PTTSM  ITOSCHESIS,  Ptysmatisohesis. 

PUANTEUR,  Dysodia. 

PUBENS,  Bpbebus. 

PUBER,  Bphebns. 

PU'BERAL;  same  etymon  as  Puberty.     Re- 


lating or  appertaining  to  the  age  of  puberty  —  as 
*  a  puberal  disease.' 

PUBERE,  Ephebus. 

PU  BERT  AS,  Ephebia, 

PU'BERTY,  Pubtrtat,  Belt,  Pubes,  Apkro- 
die'ia,  Spkebi'a,  Epke'bia,  Epkc' botes,  Ephebo'- 
eyni,  Pubee'eenee,  from  pubeeoere,  '  to  begin  to 
have  hair  on  the  chin  and  sexual  organs.'  Ti  e 
period  of  life  at  which  young  people  of  both  sexes 
are pubee'eent  or  nubile.  According  to  the  civil 
law,  puberty  occurs  at  12  years  in  females,  and 
1  I  in  males.  The  period  varies  somewhat  in  dif- 
ferent climates,  and  in  different  individuals  of 
the  same  climate. 

PUBES,  Pubie,  Epie'eh'ion,  Cteie,  Peeten;  the 
Pubic  region.  Same  etymon.  The  middle  part 
of  the  hypogastric  region  ;  so  called,  because  it  is 
covered  with  hair,  in  both  sexes,  at  the  period  of 
puberty.  The  hair  is  also  called  Pubea,  Lnnu'yn 
sen  Pili,  Pndendo'rum,  Planta'rium;  ami,  of  old, 
Epiden'ion  and  pubertus  signified  the  same.  See 
Tressoria. 

Pubis,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENCE,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENT,  see  Puberty. 

PUBUEUS,  Pubic. 

PUBIC,  Pu'bian,  Pu'bicus,  Pubiap.'us,  (F.) 
Pubien.  That  which  belongs  to  or  concerns  the 
pubis. 

Pubic  Arch,  Arch  of  the  Pubis,  (F.)  Arcade 
pubienne.  The  arch  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
inferior  circumference  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  more 
expanded  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  to  cor- 
respond with  the  additional  functions  which  she 
has  to  execute. 

Pubic  Articula'tion,  Sym'physis  Pubis,  re- 
sults from  the  junction  of  the  ossa  pubis.  The 
medium  of  union  is  cartilage. 

Pubic  Lig'amkxts  are  two  very  solid,  fibrous 
fascia?,  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphysis 
pubis,  which  they  strengthen.  The  one  is  called 
the  anterior  pubic  liyament ;  the  other  the  infe- 
rior or  subpubic. 

Pubic  Rkgiox,  Re'gio  Pubis.  The  region  of 
the  pubes. 

PUR  TEN,  Pubic. 

PUEIO-COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, 
Pubio-coccyge'us  annu/a'ris.  Dumas  gave  this 
name  to  the  levator  ani  and  ischio-coccygeus, 
which  he  considers  a  single  muscle. 

P  URIO-  COCO  YGIEX-A  XX  ULA  TR  E,  Leva  - 
tor  Ani — p.  Eemoral,  Pectinalis  —  p.  Femoralis, 
Adductor  longus  femoris  —  p.  Ombilical,  Pyra- 
midalis  abdominis  —  p.  Prostaticus,  Compressor 
prostata? — p.  Sous-ombilicril,  Pyramidalis  abdo- 
minis—  p.  Sternal,  Rectus  abdominis  —  p.  Ure- 
thral, see  Compressor  Urethra?. 

PUBIS,  Pubes. 

Pubis  Os,  Os  Pcc'iinis,  Episci'on,  Epiei'on, 
Epis'chion,  Share  Rone,  Rar-bone,  (Sc.)  Arb- 
bein.  The  anterior  part  of  the  os  innominatum  : 
so  called  because  it  corresponds  to  the  genital 
organs  and  pubic  region.  The  angle  of  the  pubin 
i-  formed  by  the  union  of  the  body  and  rami  of 
each  side. 

PUB'LICTE  PARTES.  *  Public  parts.'  Thos> 
organs  are  so  called,  the  object  of  whose  func- 
tions is  the  nutrition  of  all  the  others.  Such  ar  ) 
tic  digestive  and  respiratory  organs. 

PUCCOON,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis  — p.  Bed. 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 

PUCE,  Pulex  irritans — p.  de  Bourgogne,  «e>> 
Anthrax — />.  Maligna,  see  Anthrax — p.  Ptni- 
trante,  Chiqne. 

PUCELAOE,  Virginity. 

PUCELLE,  Virgin. 

PTJCH  \  1'  \  T.  Pogostemon  patchouli. 

PUCIIL'KY,  see  Pichurim  beans. 


PUCHYRY 


PULMO 


PUCHYRY,  see  Pichuriui  beans. 
PUCKLE,  Papula. 

PUDDING-GRASS.  Mentha  pulegium. 
PUDDING-PIPE  TREE,  Cassia  fistula. 

PUDENDA,  Genital  organs — p.  Viruruin,  Pu- 
dibilia. 

PUDEND'AGRA.  A  hybrid  word;  from  pit- 
denda,  (pudere,  'to  be  ashamed,')  'the  genital 
organs,'  and  the  Greek  aypa,  'a seizure.'  Accord- 
ing to  some,  this  term  means  pain  in  the  genital 
parts  :  Dolor  pudendo'rum,  Men'tulagra,  jEdo?o- 
dyu'ia;  according  to  others,  it  is  synonymous 
with  syphilis. 

Pudendagra  Pruriens,  Prurigo  pudendi  mu- 
liebris. 

PUDEX'DAL,  Pudenda'lis.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  the  pudenda. 

Puden'dal  Her'nia.  Hernia,  which  descends 
between  the  vagina  and  ramus  ischii,  and  forms 
an  oblong  tumour  in  the  labium;  traceable  in  the 
pelvis  as  far  as  the  os  uteri. 

PUDENDALIS,  Pudendal. 

Pudendalis  Longus  Inferior,  see  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

PUDENDUM,  FEMALE,  Vulva— p.  Muliebre, 
Vulva. 

PUDENDUS,  Pudic. 

PUDIBIL'IA;  from  pudere,  'to  be  ashamed.' 
The  male  genital  organs;  Genita'lia  Viri,Viril'ia, 
Pensil'ia,  Instrumen'ta,  Puden'da  viro'rum,  Pon- 
dus. 

PUDIC,  Pudi'cus,  Puden'dus,  (F.)  Hontenx. 
Same  etymon.  That  which  causes  shame.  A 
name  given  to  the  genital  organs  as  well  as  to 
different  other  parts. 

Pudic  Arteries  are  distributed  to  the  organs 
of  generation.  They  are, — 1.  The  internal  Pudic, 
Arteria  Pudi'ca,  A.  puden'da  coinmu'nis,  (F.) 
Artere  honteuse  interne,  A.  Sous-pubienne  (Ch.), 
Gen'ital  Ar'tery.  It  is  furnished  by  the  hypo- 
gastric, and  divides  into  two  branches;  the  one 
—  the  inferior  or  perineal  —  which  gives  off  the 
inferior  hemorrhoidal  and  the  artery  of  the  sep- 
tum :  the  other  —  the  superior,  (F.)  Ischiope- 
vienne —  which  furnishes  the  transverse  perineal 
artery,  and  divides  into  two  branches;  the  artery 
of  the  corpus  cnvernosum,  and  the  dorsalis  ]jenis. 
This  latter,  in  the  female,  has  the  name  Dorsa'lis 
Clitor'ijlis.  2.  The  external  Pudic  Arteries,  (F.) 
Arteres  scrotales  ou  vulvaires  (Ch.),  A.  honteuses 
externes,  which  are  two  in  number.  The  one  is 
superficial  or  subcutaneous,  and  the  other  deep- 
seated  or  subaponeurotic.  They  are  given  off 
from  the  femoral  artery,  or  some  one  of  its 
branches:  and  are  distributed  to  the  external 
parts  of  generation. 

Punic  Nerve.  (F.)  Nerf  hontenx  ou  ischio-pe- 
nien  ou  Iachio-efitorien,  is  a  branch  furnished  by 
the  sacral  plexus,  which  is  distributed  to  the 
genital  organs ;  and,  especially,  to  the  penis  in 
man.  and  the  clitoris  in  the  female. 

PU'ERILE,  Pueri'lis,  from  puer,  'a  child,' 
(F. )  Pueril.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  childhood. 

Respiration  puerile  ou  exageree  oU  supplemen- 
tnire  ou  lnjpervesiculaire  : — a  term  applied  to  the 
respiration  when  it  is  heard  loud  through  the 
stethoscope,  as  in  healthy  children. 

PUERILITAS,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

PUERITIA.  see  Age. 

PUER'PERA,  from  puer,  'a  child,'  and  parere, 
'to  bring  forth.'  Tokos,  Lochos,  E>u\r'a,  Lecho, 
a  lying-in  woman,  (F.)  Femme  en  Couche,  Ac- 
couchSe.  A  female  in  child-bed.  One  recently 
delivered. 

PUER'PERAL,  Pucrpera'lis ;  from  puerpera. 
Relating  to  parturition  and  its  consequences. 

Pikrperae  Convulsions,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientiura. 

Pcer'peral    Fever.      Any    fever    occurring 


during  the  puerperal  state — Febr is  puerpera' rum, 
Lechop'yra,  Lochioccelii'tia,  Lochiop'yra,  Lo- 
ehop'yra,  Child-bed  fever.  Most  commonly  re- 
stricted to  a  malignant  variety  of  peritonitis. 

PUERPERIUM,  Child-bed  state. 

PUERPEROUS,  Parturient. 

PUFF,  Lycoperdon. 

PUFF,  VEILED,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

PUFF-BALL,  Lycoperdon,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

PUF'FINESS,  from  (D.)  poffen,  'to  blow:' 
Infla'tio,  Suffla'tio,  Tumrfac'tio  mollis,  (F.)  Bovf- 
fissure,  Boursouflure.  A  soft  intumescence,  with- 
out redness,  which  may  be  partial  or  general,  and 
be  produced  by  accumulation  of  serous  fluid,  ex- 
travasation of  blood,  effusion  of  air  into  the  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue,  &c.  Puffiness  is  most 
frequently  seen  in  the  face  and  legs;  and  some- 
times appears  around  a  wound. 

PUGIL'LUS,  Drax,  Dra'chion,  diminutive  of 
pugnus,  'the  fist.'  Dragma.  Lragmie,  (F.)  Pin* 
tee.  The  quantity  of  any  substance,  which  may 
be  taken  with  the  ends  of  two  or  three  fingers. 
The  eighth  part  of  a  handful. 

PUGTEETH,  Canine  teeth. 

PUISSANCE  JDU  MO  CLE  INTER  IE  UP, 
Plastic  force. 

PUKE,  Emetic. 

PUKE  WEED,  Lobelia  inflata. 

PUKING,  Vomiting,  Regurgitation. 

PULEGIUM,  Mentha  pulegium — p.  Cervinum, 
Mentha  cervina. 

PULEX  IRRI'TANS.  The  common  flea,  (F.) 
Puce.  A  parasitic  insect  found  on  the  bodies  of 
man  and  animals. 

Pulex  Penetrans,  Chique. 

PULICARIA  DYSENTERICA,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

PULICA'RIS,  Pulicula'ris,  (F.)  Pulicaire, 
from  pulex,  pulicis,  'a  gnat.'  An  epithet  given 
to  cutaneous  eruptions  resembling  gnat-bites;  — 
and,  also,  to  diseases  in  which  such  eruptions 
occur. 

Pueicaris  Herba,  Plantago  psyllium. 

PULLNA,  PILNA  or  BILNA,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  well  known  bitter  Bohe- 
mian springs  contain  sulphates  of  soda  and  mag- 
nesia, and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PULMO,  (pi.)  Pulmo'nes;  by  transposition  of 
the  letter  I  from  2^eumoni  jtAsu^wv;  Pneumon, 
Pleumon,  Spiramen'tum  an'imas,  Ergaste'rion 
spir'itiis,  Flabell'um  et  ventila'brum  cordis,  Lights. 
The  essential  organ  of  respiration,  which  is  dou- 
ble, and  occupies  the  two  sides  of  the  chest.  The 
lungs,  which  are  of  a  spongy,  soft,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  dilatable  structure,  fill  exactly  the 
two  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mediastinum  and  the  heart. 
The  right  lung,  which  is  shorter  and  broader 
than  the  left,  is  divided,  by  two  oblique  fissures, 
into  three  unequal  lobes,  Lobi  seu  AIcb  pulmo'num. 
The  left  has  only  two  lobes,  and  consequently 
only  one  fissure.  At  the  internal  surface  of  those 
organs,  which  is  slightly  concave,  there  is,  about 
the  middle,  a  pedicle,  formed  by  the  bronchia  and 
pulmonary  vessels,  and  called,  by  anatomists,  the 
root  of  the  lungs,  (F.)  Racine  des  Poumons.  Es- 
sentially, the  lungs  are  composed  of  prolongations 
and  ramifications  of  the  bronchia,  and  of  the  pul- 
monary arteries  and  veins, — the  divisions  of  which 
are  supported  by  a  fine,  areolar  tissue. 

When  the  surface  of  the  lungs  is  examined  in  a 
clear  light,  we  may  see,  even  through  the  pleura, 
that  their  parenchyma  is  formed  by  the  aggrega- 
tion of  a  multitude  of  small  vesicles,  of  an  irregu- 
larly spheroid  or  ovoid  shape,  full  of  air,  and 
separated  by  white  and  opake  septa,  constituting 
lozenge-shaped  spaces,  which  are  called  lobules — 


PULMOMETER 


PULSE 


lob'uli  seu  in'aida  pulmona'le* —  and  which  are 
peparated  by  interlobular  areolar  tissue.  These 
lobules   do  not   communicate   with    each    ether. 

sides  are  called  Air-cell*,  Spiramen'ta  tea 
gpiram'ina  sou  CelVnlm  Pnlmo'num.  Along  the 
partitions  or  septa  is  deposited,  in  greater  or  lees 
quantity,  black  pulmonary  matter,  (V.)  Matiire 

aire   noire,  a<  it  has   been  called,   which 

•  i    be    natural.      Sometimes    it    i>   seen    iii 
:   at  others,  in  Bpots.     The  odour  of  the 

rod  other  circum- 
Iu  youtb,  it  is  more   red  ;    and    sfter- 
sh  or  bluish  ;    often,  as  if  marbled, 
ura  pulmonalis  is  their  investing   mem- 
air  is  carried  to  the   lungs  by  means 
(1f  the  trachea  and  bronchia.     The  I. lack  venous 
blood,  which  requires  oxygenation,  is  conveyed 
to  them  from  the  heart,  by  the  pulmonary  artery; 
and  when  it  has  undergone  this  change,  it  is  re 
turned  to  the  heart  by  the  pulmonary  veins.    The 
blood-vessels   inservient   to   the   nutrition  of  the 
ire  the  bronchial  art"iies   and  veins.      The 
pulmonary  lymphatics  are  very  numerous.    Some 
perficialj  others,  deep-seated.     They  pass, 
f..r  the  most  part,  into  the  bronchial  ganglion*  or 
mlmud*.     The  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  pulmo- 
nary plexus. 

PULMOMETER,  Spirometer. 
PULMOMETRY,  Bee  Spirometer. 
PULMONAIRE,  Pulmonaria  —  p.  en  Arbre, 
Lichen  pulmonaria  —  p.  </<•  Chine,  Lichen  pulmo- 
Iinria — p.  de*  Francai*,  Ilieraeium  murorum. 

PULMONA'RIA,  /'.  Officinalis  ^-u  Macula' ta 
«.  u  \faculo'*a,  Lungwort,  Spotted  Lungwort,  Jeru'- 
Cowelip,  Jerusalem  Sage,  Spatted  Comfrey, 
(F.)  Pulmonaire,  Sauge  de  Jerusalem.     Ord.  Bo- 
mginac  l'entandria    Monogynia. 

The  leaves  of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  de- 
mulcents and  pectorals;  partly  from  their  resem- 
I  »  lungs  — hence  the  name,  from  pulmo, 
pulmonis,  'the  lung'  —  and  partly  because  they 
Dave  a  Blightly  mucilaginous  taste.  The  plant  is 
not  worthy  of  notice. 

Pi  lm 09 aria.,  Pneumonia — p.  Arborea,  Lichen 
pnlraonarins  —  p.  Gallica,  Hieracinm  murorum  — 
p.  Officinalis,  Pulmonaria — p.  Virginica,  Merten- 
sifl  Virginica. 

P  0  L  '  M  0  X  A  R  Y.  Pulmona'ri*,  Pulmona'li*, 

from   pulmo,  pulmonis,   'the  lung.'     That  which 

-    >r  belongs  to  the  lungs.     A  name  given 

ms  parts. 

Pt  i.mon Aitv    Artery,    Arte'ria    pulmona'ri*, 

t'sa,  arise*   from   the   upper  and  left 

Bart  of  the   right  ventricle  of  the  heart:   whence 

IS   obliquely  upwards  and  to  the  left  side; 

dividing    into    two    trunk-,    opposite    the    second 

dorsal  vertebra  —  one  passing  to  each  lnng.     At 

b-  origin,  it  is  furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or 

semilunar   valves.     It  carries    the    blood   to   the 

■r  aeration. 

PULMONARY  MATTER,  BLACK,  see  Pulmo. 

Pulmonary   Plexus,   Plexus  pulmona'ri*.     A 

rable  nervous  network,  situate  behind  the 

iia,  which  is  formed  by  the  filaments  of  the 

ric  nerve  or  par  vagum,  and  by  other 

•-  from  the  inferior  cervical  ganglion   and 

-:   thoracic  ganglia.     Tin-  plexus   forms  a 

.ir  web,  "  ith  numerous  meshes  of 

•   -  •■  -,  in  which  vessels  are  lodged,  snr- 

1    by    mncb    areolar    tissue.      Tin-    plexus 

'.'.anient-    to    the    bronchia,  which    they  SC- 

c  impany  to  their  extrem 

Pulmonary  Veins,  Vend  pulmona're*,  Arie'- 

io's<B.     Tin-,'  arise   in   the  lungs  from  the 

final   terminations  of  the   arteries  of  the  same 

collect  in  rarousculi  and  rami  of  greater 

and    ultimately    unite    in    four 

•  ;    two    of    which    Issue   from    each    lung   to 


open  into  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  pul- 
monary veins  have  the  same  structure  as  tho 
other  veins  of  the  body;  from  which  they  differ, 
in  conveying  art.  rial  blood,  as  the  pulmonary 
.  Bfers  from  the  others  in  conveying  venous 
blood.  They  carry  the  blood  back  to  the  heart 
alter  aeration. 

PULMONES  TARTARIZATI,  Lithiasis  pnl- 
monum. 

PULMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  Pneumonia. 

PULMON'IC,  Pulmon'icus,  Pneumon'icu*.  /'/</- 
mona'riu*,  Pueumon'ie,  (F.)  Pulmoniqus),  Ptt*u~ 
monique.  Same  etymon  as  Pulmonary.  <>no 
affected  with  phthisis  —  one  labouring  und 
eases  of  the  lungs.  Any  tiling  relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  lungs.     A  medicine  for  the  lungs. 

IT  1.1'.  Pulpa,  Pulpa'men,  Sarx,  (F.)  Pulpe, 
Pulpolite.  The  soft  and  parenchymatous  parts 
of  vegetables  reduced  to  a  pas!.-  by  the  operation 

of  pulping.  Applied,  also,  to  parts  of  the  human 
body,  which  have  the  characters  of,  or  resemble  a 
pulp. 

Pulp  of  the  Fingers,  (F.)  Pulpe  des  duiyts. 

The  fleshy  extremity  of  the  lingers. 

l'i  i.i'  or  THE  TOOTH,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPA  C  VSSl.F.  Bee  Cassia  fistula  — p.  Den- 
tis,  Dental  pulp — p.  Pill,  see  Hair — p.  Pruni,  Bee 
Pruni  pulpa  —  p.  Prunorum  sylvestrium  oondita, 
Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  p.  Tamarindi,  see 
Tamarindi  pulpa. 

PULPA  TESTIS,  Paren'clnjma  teeti*.  The  pa- 
renchyma of  the  testis. 

PULPAMEN,  Pulp. 

PULPATION,  Pulping. 

PULPE,  Pulp — p.  CSrSbrale,  see  Cerebrum  — 
p.  Dentaire,  Dental  pulp — p.  des  Duiytn,  Pulp  of 
the  fingers. 

PULPEUX,  Pulpy. 

PULPEZIA,  Apoplexy. 

PULPING,  Pulpa'tion,  Pulpa' tio.  An  opera- 
tion—  the  object  of  which  is  to  reduce  certain 
vegetable  substances  to  a  pulp.  For  this  pur- 
pose, they  are  bruised  in  a  mortar,  and  then 
passed  through  a  hair  sieve,  by  the  aid  of  a. 
wooden  spatula,  called  a  Pulper,  (F.)  Pulpoir*. 

IT  LI' (HUE,  see  Pulping. 

PULPOLITE,  Pulp. 

PULPY,  Pulpo'sus,  (F.)  Pulpeux.  Full  of 
pulp. 

PULQUE,  see  Agave  Americana. 

PULS  EX  OVIS  et  LACTE,  Oogala. 

PULSATIF,  Throbbing. 

PULSATILLA  NIGRICANS,  Anemone  pra- 
tensis  —  p.  Patens.  Anemone  paten 8 — p.  Praten- 
-i-,  Anemone  pratensis  —  p.  Vulgaris,  Anemone 
Pulsatilla. 

PULSATTLLE  NOIRE,  Anemone  pratensis 
—  p.  den  Pr£t,  Anemone  pratensis. 

PULSATIO,  Pulsation— p.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

PULSA'TION,  PuUa'tio,  Sphygmos,  Sphyxit, 
!'  ia,  Pedeth'mos,  (F.)  BatU m< „t.  The  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  arteries.  Also,  the  beating 
fell  in  an  inflamed  part. 

PULS  \  Tl\  is.  Throbbing. 

PULSATORY,  Throbbing. 

PULSE,  from  pnl*0,  'I  heat:'  Pul*H9,  Pulea'- 
tio,  Pulsus  sen  Ictus  cordis  ei  arteria'rum,  Incur'- 
tus  'ii  t<  iia'  rum,  Sphygmos,  Sphygma,  Diatphyx'is, 
(F.)  Paul*.  Beating  of  the  arteries,  produ 
tii"  afflux  of  the  blood  propelled  by  the  heart  in 
its  contractions.     For  the  sake  of  convenience, 

we  choose  the  radial  artery  at   the  wrist    to  detect 

;j  the  precise  character  of  the  pulse.     These  eha- 

relate   to   the   number  of  pulsation-   m   ;t 


PULSE 


given  time;  to  their  degrees  of  quickness;  hard- 
ness and  strength  ;  to  the  equality  or  inequality 
either  of  the  pulsations  themselves  or  of  their 
intervals ;  to  the  development  or  fulness  of  the 


PULSE 


artery,  and  to  the  different  impressions  it  may 
produce  on  the  finger. 

The  following  estimates  have  been  made  of  the 
pulse  at  various  ages  : 


Ages. 


In  the  embryo 

At  birth , 

One  month 

One  year 

Two  years 

Three  years , 

Seven  years 

Twelve  years... 

Puberty 

Adult  age 

Old  age 


Number  of  Beats  per  minute,  according  to 


Heberden. 


130  to  140 

120 

120  to  108 

108  to  90 

90  to  80 

72 

70 


Summering. 


120 

110 

90 


Mt;LLER. 


150 
Do. 

115  to  130 

100  to  115 
90  to  100 
85  to  90 

80  to  85 
70  to  75 
50  to  (35 


It  does  not  appear  that  the  pulse  of  the  aged 
is  less  frequent,  but  the  contrary.  In  general  it 
is  more  frequent  in  females  and  in  irritable  per- 
sons, than  in  males  and  those  of  an  opposite  tem- 
perament. In  the  healthy  state,  the  pulse,  be- 
sides having  the  proper  number  of  pulsations,  is 
neither  hard  nor  unusually  soft;  it  is  moderately 
developed  ;  of  a  medium  strength  ;  and  perfectly 
equal,  both  as  regards  the  pulsations  and  their 
intervals.  In  diseases  it  wanders,  more  or  less, 
from  these  physiological  conditions.  The  diffe- 
rent characters  of  the  pulse  that  have  been  re- 
corded, are  remarkably  numerous.  In  a  diction- 
ary, it  is  necessary  to  detail  them,  although  many 
of  them  are  not  now  regarded,  and  some  are  ri- 
diculous. 

Pulse,  Ardent,  Pulsus  ardens,  (F.)  Poids  ar- 
dent, Pauls  eleve.  One  which  seems  to  raise  itself 
to  a  point  in  order  to  strike  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Cap'rizant,  Pulsus  Capri'zans  seu  dor- 
cadis'sans  seu  gazell'ans  seu  fusa'lis,  Goatleap 
pulse,  (F.)  Pouls  caprisant.  One  which  seems  to 
leap,  as  it  were;  an  imperfect  dilatation  of  the 
artery  being  succeeded  by  a  fuller  and  a  stronger 
one. 

Pulse,  Complex,  (F.)  Poxds  combine  ou  com- 
pose, P.  comph'que.  A  pulse  which  has  the  cha- 
racter of  several  critical  pulses  united. 

Pulse,  Contracted,  (F.)  Poids  serre  ou  con- 
centre. One  whose  pulsations  are  narrow,  deep, 
and  slightly  hard. 

Pulse,  Convul'sive,  Pulsus  convulsi'vus,  (F.) 
Poids  convulsif.  That  which  is  unequally  fre- 
quent or  unequally  hard  ;  in  short,  which  resem- 
bles the  irregular  pulsations  of  a  muscular  fibre 
in  a  state  of  convulsion. 

Pulse,  Crit'ical,  Pulsus  crit'icus.  A  pulse 
which,  after  having  possessed  the  characters  of 
irritation,  becomes  free,  open,  soft,  &c. 

Pulse,  Decurtate,  Pulsus  myurus:  see,  also, 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Deep,  Pulsus  profun'dus,  (F.)  Pouls 
profond.  One  which  cannot  be  felt  without  diffi- 
culty, and  without  strong  pressure  by  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Defic"ient,  Pulsus  defic"iens  seu  an'- 
ixnexxs  et  circurn'nuens,  P.  Flickering,  (F.)  Pouls 
de/ai/lant,  P.  insensible.  One  which  seems,  every 
instant  about  to  cease. 

Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus  depressns,  (F.) 
Pouls  deprime.     That  which  is  deep  and  weak. 

Pui.se,  Devel'oped,  (F.)  Pouls  developpe. 
That  which  is  broad,  full,  strong,  and  frequent. 

Pclse,  Dicrot'ic,  Pulsus  Di'crotns  seu  bi'crn- 
tus  seu  intestina'lis  seu  bife'riens  seu  mallea'ris 
seu  interci'sus  seu  duplex,  ( F.)  Pouls  dicrote  ou  re- 
bondissant  ou  redouble.     That  in  which  the  finger 


is  struck  twice  at  each  pulsation;  once  lightly, 
the  other  time  more  strongly. 

Pulse,  Equal,  Pulsus  cequa'lis.  That  in 
which  the  pulsations  resemble  each  other,  and 
return  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Febrile,  Pulsus  febri'lis.  One  very 
frequent. 

Pulse,  Feeble,  P.  WeaJr,  Pulsus  deb'ilis,  (F.) 
Poxds  faible.    One  which  strikes  the  finger  feebly. 

Pulse,  Fil'iform.  P.  thready.  One  which  re- 
sembles a  thread  slightly  vibrating. 

Pulse,  Flickering,  Pulse,  deficient. 

Pulse,  Form'icant,  Pulsus  formi'cans,  (F.) 
Poxds  formicant.  One  which  resembles,  by  being 
small  and  scarcely  perceptible,  the  motion  of  an 
ant. 

Pulse,  Frequent,  (F.)  Pouls  agite  ou  precipite. 
One  which  strikes  more  frequently  than  usual  in 
a  given  time. 

Pulse,  Full,  Pulsxis  plenxts,  (F.)  Poxds  plein. 
One  which  gives  the  notion  of  great  repletion  in 
the  vessel. 

Pulse,  Goat-leap,  P.  Caprizant. 

PULSE,  Gut'tural,  Pulsus  guttura'lis,  (F.) 
Poids  guttural.  A  pulse  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  termination  of  affections 
of  the  throat. 

Pulse,  Hard,  Pulsus  durus,  (F.)  Pouls  dur. 
That  in  which  the  pulp  of  the  finger  seems  to 
yield  to  the  pulsation. 

Pulse,  Hectic,  Pulsus  Jiec'ticns.  The  weak, 
frequent  pulse  observed  in  hectic  fever. 

Pulse,  Hemorrhoid'al,  (F.)  Pouls  des  He- 
morrho'ides.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the 
appearance  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  It  is  de- 
scribed as  unequal;  —  the  pulsations  not  being 
alike  in  force,  and  still  less  the  intervals. 

Pulse,  Hepat'ic,  (F.)  Pouls  du  Foie.  A  pulse 
imagined  to  indicate  affections  of  the  liver.  It  is 
not  worthy  of  description. 

Pulse,  Infe'rior,  (F.)  Poxds  inferiexir  ou  ab- 
dominal ou  ventral.  One  supposed  to  announce 
evacuations  below  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Intercurrent,  Pulsus  intercnr'rexxs 
seu  interci'dens.  One  in  which  a  superfluous 
pulsation  seems  to  occur  from  time  to  time. 

Pulse,  Intermittent,  (F.)  Poxds  intcrcadent. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  fail  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse,  Intes'tlxal,  (F.)  Poxds  des  infesting 
P.  de  la  diarx-hee.  A  critical  pulse,  presumed  to 
announce  an  evacuation  bj'  the  intestines. 

Pulse,  In'tricate,  Pulsus  intrica'tm,  (F.) 
Pouh  embarrassee.  That  which  is  but  little  de- 
veloped and  unequally  slow. 

Pulse,  Irreg'ular,  Pulsus  anorma'lis.      One 


PULSE 


r  u  l  s  u  s 


whose  pulsations  are  unequal}  and  return  at  un- 
equal intervals. 

1Yi.sk  op  Iurita'tios,  Pulsus  ah  irritatio'ne 
seu  uervi'uus  sen  acrit'icut.  One  which  is  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  oontn 

Pi  lsb,  .1  Ait  king,  P.  vibrating  —  p.  Jerking, 
Pulse,  sharp. 

PuL8B,  Languid,  (F.)  Pouh   lamgmimant    A 

slow  and  feeble  pals.'. 

PULSB,  LARGE,  Pulsus  crattmt  seu  vKnjnit*. 
(F.J  Poult  grand,  I',  large.  That  which  is  large 
and  lull. 

1Yi.sk,  Long.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  to 
a  great  extent  in  length. 

1'ri.SK.  Low,  Pultut  hu'mili--,  (F.)  Pouh  has. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  a:  |   percep- 

tible. 

1Yi.sk.  Nasal,  (F.)  PouU  natal  ou  capital 
ou  du  S>z.  One  supposed  to  announce  the  end 
of  an  irritation  in  the  nasal  f< 

IYi.-sK,  Xn'riuL,  (F.)  PouU  naturel  des 
adultet  on  par/ait  ou  dee  odultea  ou  modiri. 
One  that  is  equal  and  regular  in  strength  and 
frequency;  compressible,  and  devoid  of  hardness. 

P0L8B,  OrGAH'ic,  (F.)  Poult  organique.  One 
which  indicates  the  affected  organ,  or  the  organ 
by  which  an  evacuation  will  take  place. 

lYi.si:,  IY.c'toral,  (F.)  Pouh  de  {'expectora- 
tion. A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  termina- 
tion of  some  pulmonary  irritation. 

Pulse.  QoiCK.  One  which  strikes  sharply, 
but  not  forcibly,  against  the  finger. 

1Yi.sk,  Reo'ular,  Pulsus  norma' lit  sea  regu- 
One  whose  pulsations  are  equal,  and  suc- 
ceed each  other  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse.  Resist'ixg,  (F.)  Pouh  resistant.  One 
a  little  tense,  a  little  hard. 

PULSE,  SHARP,  (F.J  Pouh  prompt  ou  rite  OU 
rlf.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  sharply,  ra- 
pidly. When  to  a  greater  extent,  it  is  cailed  a 
Jerking  jmhe. 

1Yi.sk,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus:  see 
Ifyurus. 

PULSE,  Simple,  Pulsus  simplex.  A  critical 
pulse,  indicating  an  evacuation  by  one  organ 
only. 

PULSB,  SLOW,  Pulsus  tardus  seu  rants,  (F.) 
Pouh  lent  ou  tardif  on  rare.  One  which  strikes 
the  finger  slowly. 

Pii.sk,  SMALL,  Pulsus  parvus,  (F.)  Pouh  petit. 
One  whose  pulsations  are  slender  and  weak. 

1Yi.sk.  SOPT,  Puhus  mollis,  (F.J  PouU  mou. 
0:)-'  which  yields  under  the  finger. 

IYi.sk,  Stom'achal,  (F.)  Pouh  etomaeal  ou 
de  Vettomac  One  supposed  to  announce  an  eva- 
cuation by  the  stomach. 

PULSE,  StROEG,  Pulsus  fortie,  (F.)  Pouh  fort, 
\iment.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
strongly. 

POL8B,  SuPE'RIOR,  Pulsus  Superior.  (F.)  Pouh 

"/•.     A  critical  pulse,  supervening  on  irri- 

tuate  above  the  diaphragm. 

1Yi.sk.  Supple,  Pultut  eUre'tieue,  (F..i  Poult 

eouple.   One  in  which  the  pulsations  have  strength 

without  hard 

1Yi.sk  OF  SWEAT,  Pulsus  Swlora'lis,  (F.)  Pouh 
Sudoral  ou  <lr  la  tueur.  A  critical  pulse,  indi- 
cating an  approaching  perspiration. 

Pulse,  Tehee,  /'.  Oordy,  Pulsus  teneut,  (F.) 
tendn,  /'.  roide.  One  in  which  the  artery 
bles  a  cord  fixed  at  its  two  extremities. 
When  resembling  a  wire,  it  is  sailed  wiry. 

Pulse,  Thre  vi>y,  P.  filiform. 

Pulse,  TrewVlous,  Pultnt  trem'ultu,  (F.) 
Poult  tremblant  on  palpitant  One  in  which 
each  pulsation  oscillates. 

PULSE,    (Tr'DDLATING,     Pulsus    fluctuo'sus    8eu 

Jluent  seu  UtcVdtnt  Sola'ni,  (F.)  Pouh  ondulant 


',  ou  oudoi/nut.  One  which  resembles,  in  its  move- 
ments, those  of  the  WS  I 

Pi  i.sk,  Uri'QOAL,  Pulsus  iuaquo'lis,  (F.) 
Pouh  ineyol.  One  whose  pulsations  are  not 
alike,  or  return  at  unequal  intervals. 

Pi  L8B,  Q'RINAL,  Pultut  uriuti'lis,  (F.)  Pouh 
ilr  [Trine.  A  critical  pulse,  fancied  to  denote 
an  approaching  evacuation  of  urine. 

lYl.SK,   U'TKHINK,   Pulsus    uteri'itus,  (F.)  Poult 

Uterine  ou  de   In  Mot  rice  ou  det  Riglee.      One 

which  indicates  the  flow  of  the  inen>es,  or  the 
occurrence  of  metrorrhagia. 

Pulse,  Yv<;"isal,  Pulsus  vagina'lie.  The 
pulsation  of  the  arteria  vaginalis,  which  is  in- 
creased in  pregnancy,  during  abortion,  labour,  <fcc. 

PULSE,  VemOUS,  l'ulsus  venarum. 

Pulse,  Ykkmi.'ui.ar.  That  which  imitates 
the  movement  of  a  worm. 

Pulse,  Vi'buatixg,  Jarring  Pulse.  One  in 
which  the  artery  seems  to  vibrate  like  a  musical 
string. 

Pulse,  Wiry,  see  Pulse,  tense. 

PULSELESS,  Atphye'toe,  Devoid  of  pulsation. 

PI  LSELESSNESS,  Asphyxia. 

PULSEY,  Cataplasm. 

PULSIF'IC,  Puhif'icus;  from  pulsus,  'pulse.' 
That  which  causes  or  excites  pulsation. 

PULSILE'GIUM,  Pultilo'gium,  PuUim'eter, 
from  pulsus,  '  the  pulse.'  and  lego,  '  I  read.' 
Sphygmole'gittm,  Sphygmom'eter,  Sphygmotcop'- 
ium.  Any  instrument  for  measuring  the  quick- 
ness or  force  of  the  pulse. 

PULSIMANTI'A,  from  pal  bus,  and  navrzta, 
1  divination.'  The  art  of  predicting  or  prognosti- 
cating by  the  pulse. 

PULSIMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

PULSUS,  Pulse — p.  Acriticus,  Pulse  of  irrita- 
tion—  p.  JEqualis,  Pulse,  equal  —  p.  Annuens  et 
circumnuens,  Pulse,  deficient  —  p.  Anormalis, 
Pulse,  irregular — p.  Bicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
\  Biferiens,  P.  dicrotic  —  p.  Caprizans,  Pulse,  ca- 
prizant — p.  Cordis,  see  Heart — p.  Cras.-us,  Pulse, 
large  —  p.  Debilis,  Pulse,  feeble  —  p.  Deficiens, 
Pulse,  deficient — p.  Dicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
Oorcndissans,  Pulse,  caprizant — p.  Duplex,  Pulse, 
dicrotic  —  p.  Durus,  Pulse,  hard  —  p.  Elasticus, 
Pulse,  supple — p.  Fluctuosus,  Pulse,  undulating — 
p.  Fluens,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Formicans.  For- 
micant,  and  Pulse,  formicant  —  p.  Fortis,  Pulse, 
strong  —  p.  Fusalis,  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Oa/.cl- 
lans,  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Heterochronies,  see 
Heterochronicus — p  Humilis,  Pulse,  low — p.  In- 
cidens  Solani,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Interciilens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Mallearis,  Pulse,  dicrotic 
— p.  Intercisus,  Pulse,  dicrotic  —  p.  Intercurrens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Intestinalis,  Pulse,  dicro- 
tic—  p.  Intricatus,  Pulse,  intricate  —  p.  Magnus, 
Pulse,  large  —  p.  Mollis,  Pulse,  soft. 

Pulsus  Myu'rus,  Puhe  deeurtate  or  sharp- 
t'tilerl,  (F.)  Poult  unjure.  One  which  goes  on 
diminishing.      See  Myurus. 

PULSUS  Xekvims,  Pulse  of  irritation — p.  Nor- 
malis,  Pulse,  regular  —  p.  Parvus,  Pulse,  small — 
p.  Plenus,  Pulse,  full  —  p.  Ranis.  Pulse,  slow. 

Pi  i/sks  SeRRI'NUS,  (F.J  Pouh  sen  in  ou  ser- 
roti/e.  One  which  strikes,  sometimes  strongly, 
at  others  feebly,  and  recalls  the  ides  of  a  Baw. 

Pulsus  Striatus,  (F.)  Poult  ttroit.    One  that 

strikes  the  finger  to  a  small  extent  in  breadth. 

Pulsi  b  Si  doralis,  Pulse  of  sweat— p.  Tardus, 

Pulse,  slow  —  p.  Urinalis,  Pulse,  urinal  —  p.  Ute- 
rinum, Pulse,  uterine. 

Pi  lsum  V  LC'l  08,  (F.)  Poult  vide.  One  which 
gives  the  idea  of  emptiness  of  the  artery. 

pi  1  si  a  Vaginalis,  Pulse,  vaginal. 

Pi  1  bus  Vk\ ,  Cimm.  Venout  Pulte,  Phlebopa'lia, 
A  pulsation  occasionally  noticed  in  the  jugular 
vein-.  It  is  owin^  to  some  of  the  Mood  of  tho 
right  ventricle  reflowing  into  the  right  auricle, 


PULTACEOUS 


TULVIS 


and  communicating  an  impulse  to  the  venous 
blood  arriving  in  the  auricle  through  the  descend- 
ing cavn.  It  is  often  a  sign  of  impediment  to  the 
flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary  artery. 

PULTA'CEOUS,  Pulta'ceua,  (F.)  Pultace,  from 
puis,  pultis,  'pap,'  or  from  pultare,  pultus,  'to 
heat.'  Resembling  pap.  Having  a  softened, 
semifluid  appearance. 

PULTATIO,  Atheroma. 

PULTISE,  Cataplasm. 

PULTICULA,  Bon  i I  lie. 

PULVERES  EFFERVESCENTES,  Powders, 
soda. 

PULVERI'ZABLE,  Pul'verable.  From  pulvis, 
pulveris,  '  dust.'  Capable  of  being  reduced  to 
powder. 

PULVERIZA'TION,  Pulverisa'tio,  Pulvera'- 
tio,  Coniosto'sis,  (F.)  Pulverisation.  The  opera- 
tion of  dividing  substances,  so  as  to  reduce  them 
to  powder. 

Most  drugs  are  reduced  to  powder  by  persons 
who  make  it  a  special  business,  and  who  are 
called  drug  grinders.  This  is  done  on  a  large 
scale  in  drug  mills  ;  and  the  implements  used  are 
the  grinding  mill  and  the  stamping  mill.  In  the 
shop  of  the  apothecary,  pulverization  is  effected 
by  the  pestle  and  mortar,  and  the  sieve. 

Where  substances  require  the  addition  of  other 
bodies  to  facilitate  their  reduction  to  powder, — 
as  where  camphor  needs  a  few  drops  of  alcohol — 
the  process  is  called  pulverization  by  mediation. 

PULVEROLES,  see  Pulvis. 

PULYERTLEST,  Pnlverulen'tus j  from  pul- 
vis, pulveris,  'dust.'  Reduced  to  the  state  of  a  fine 
powder.  Covered,  as  it  were,  with  dust.  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  the  eyes  when  they  appear  dirty, 
and,  as  it  were,  sprinkled  with  dust,  by  reason  of 
granulations  or  grayish  stria?,  resulting  from 
thickening  of  the  mucous  fluid  of  the  conjunctiva. 
—  Nysten. 

PULVILLUS,  Pad,  Bonrdonnet  —  p.  e  Lina- 
mentis  confectus,  Bonrdonnet  —  p.  Rotundus, 
Bonrdonnet. 

PULVI'NAR,  Pulvina'rium.     A  pillow. 

Pulvixar  Humuli,  see  Humulus  lupulus. 

PuLVINAR  MeDICA'tUM  SeU  MEDICIXA'LE,  Sac' - 

cuius  medicina'lis.  A  medicated  pillow;  as  of 
hops. 

Pulvinar  Parvum,  Pad  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Pan- 
creas. 

PULVIS,  Conis,  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre.  A  sub- 
stance, reduced  into  small  particles  by  pulveriza- 
tion. Simple  powders  are  those  of  a  single  sub- 
stance; compound,  those  which  result  from  a  mix- 
ture of  several  different  powders.  An  impalpable 
powder  is  one  which  is  so  fine  that  it  can  scarcely 
be  felt  under  the  finger.  Compound  powders 
have  been  called  Species,  (F.)  Especes,  E.  pul- 
verulentes,    Pulveroles. 

Pulvis  Absorbens,  P.  de  magnesitt  compos. — 
p.  Adspersorius,  Catapasma — p.  Alexiterius,  P. 
contrayerva?  eomp.  —  p.  Alexiterius,  P.  ipecacu- 
anha? compositus — p.  Algarothi,  Algaroth. 

Pulvis  Aloes  Compos'itus,  P.  Aloes  cum 
Guai'aco,  P.  aloet'icus  cum  Guaiaco,  Compound 
powder  of  Aloes.  (Aloes,  |jiss,  guaiac.  res.  ^j, 
pulv.  cinnam.  comp.  ^ss.  Rub  the  aloes  and 
guaiacum  separately,  then  mix  the  whole.  Ph.  L.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  and  sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  x 

to  9.j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Canel'la,  P.  aloes  et  ca- 
nellcB,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  Aloet'icus,  Powder  of  Aloes 
with  Canella,  Species  Hi' eras  picrcE,  Hi' era  picra, 
vulg.  Hi'kri/  pi'kry,  Picra,  and  Pi'kry.  (Aloes 
tbj,  canell.  ^iij.  Rub  separately  into  a  powder, 
and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  warm  cathartic.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  9j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cum  Guaiaco,  P.  A.  composi- 
tus— p.  Aloeticus,  P.  aloes  cum  canella — p.  Alo- 


etieus,  Hiera  picra  —  p.  Aluminosus,  P.  sulphatis 
alumina;  compositus — p.  Aluminis  compositus,  P. 
sulphatis  alumina?  compositus — p.  Aluminis  kino- 
satus.  see  P.  sulphatis  alumina?  compositus. 
Pulvis  de   Ama'kis   Compos'itus,  P.  antiar- 

thrit'icus  ama'rus,  (F.)  Poudre  antiarthritiqne 
ame're.  (Gentian.,  aristoloch.  rotund.,  aa  ]>.  '■'>, 
for.  centaur,  inin.  p.  4,fof.  chamcpdr.,  chamcE- 
pith.  manipul. — f.  pulvis,  Ph.  P.)  In  gouty  af- 
fections, dyspepsia,  <fcc.     Dose,  gr.  xx. 

Pulvis  Angelicus,  Algaroth  —  p.  Anodynus, 
P.  ipecacuanha?  comp.  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  creta? 
compositus  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesia 
compos.  — p.  Antiarthriticus  amarus,  P.  de  ama- 
ris  compositus — p.  Antiarthriticus  purgans,  P.  de 
senna,  scammonea  et  lignis — p.  Antiasthmatics, 
P.  de  sulphure  et  Beilla. 

Pulvis  Antilys'sus,  Mead's  powder  against 
the  bite  of  a  mad  dog.  It  consisted  of  ash-coloured 
liverwort  in  powder,  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
black  pepper ;  a  drachm  and  a  half  of  the  two 
forming  a  dose  for  an  adult. 

Pulvis  Antimonialis.  Antimonial  powder. 

Pulvis  de  Aro  Compos'itus.  Compound  Pow- 
der of  Arum,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Birch  ma n»,  (Rod. 
ari,  acori  veri,  pimpinell.  saxifrag.  aa  41)  p.,  ocul. 
eancror.  ppt.  12  p.,  cinnam.  7  p.,  potasses  su/ph. 
6  p..  ammonia  muriat.  2  p.  —  f.  pulv.  Ph.  P.) 
Sternutntory. 

Pulvis  Aromaticus,  P.  cinnamomi  composi- 
tus. 

Pulvis  As'ari  Compos'itus.  P.  sternntato'- 
rius  seu  errhi'nus  seu  capita'lis  Sancti  An'gtli 
seu  cephal'ieus,  Cephal'ic  snuf,  Compound  pow- 
der of  Asarabac'ca.  (F.)  Poudre  d'asarum  com- 
posee  dite  sternutatoire,  P.  de  Saint-Ange.  (Asftr. 
Europ.  p.  3,  origan,  in  a  jo  ran  cb,  lav  and.,  sing. 
p.  1.     Rub  into  powder.     Ph.  L.)     Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Auri,  see  Gold  —  p.  e  Bolo  composi- 
tus cum  opio,  P.  creta?  compositus  cum  opio  — ■ 
p.  e  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,  see  P.  creta? 
compositus  —  p.  Cambogia?  compositus,  P.  e. 
gummi  gutta — p.  Capitalis  Sancti  Angeli,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus  —  p.  Carbonatis  calcis  composi- 
tus, P.  creta?  compositus  —  p.  Cardiacus,  P.  con- 
traj'erva?  comp. — p.  Carthusianorum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

Pulvis  Cat'echu  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Catechu.  (  Catechu,  kino,  aa  ijij  ;  cin- 
nam., myrist.,  aa  5ss.)  Dose,  as  an  astringent, 
gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pulvis  Catharticus,  P.  scammonea?  comp. — 
p.  Cephalicus,  P.  asari  compositus. 

Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Cin'namon,  Pulvis  seu  Spe'cies  Impe- 
rato'ris,  Pulvis  aromat'icus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  vitae 
Imperato'ris  seu  Diaro' maton,  Species  diacinna- 
mo'mi  seu  loetifcan'tes  Rhazis  seu  Hiam'brce  sine 
odora'tis  seu  aromat'  icce,  Tra'gea  aromat'ica, 
Aromatic  powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  canellc  compo- 
see  ou  aromatique.  (Cinnam.,  zingib.  aa^ij,  car- 
dam.,  myrist.  aa  t^j.  Rub  to  a  fine  powder.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  Bj. 

Pulvis  Cobbii  seu  Tunquixex'sis.  The  fa- 
mous  Tonquin  powder,  introduced  into  England 
by  a  Mr.  Cobb.  It  was  composed  of  16  grains 
of  music,  and  4"8  grains  of  cinnabar  ;  and  was 
mixed  in  a  gill  of  arrack.  It  was  formerly  re- 
garded as  a  specific  in  hydrophobia. 

Pulvis  Comitis  "Warwicexsis,  P.  Cornaehini 
— p.  Comitissa?,  Cinchona. 

Pulvis  Coxtrayer'v^e  Compos'itus,  P.  cardi'- 
acus  seu  alexife'rius  seu  Mnntua'nus,  Lapis  con- 
tra i/ervcB,  Contrayerva  balls.  Compound  Powder 
of  Contrayer'va.  (Contrayerv.  contrit.  %v,  test, 
prcep.  Ibiss.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^ss. 

Pulvis  Corxachi'ni,  P.  Ox'ydi  Stib'ii  com* 


ruLvis 


7  75 


ruLVis 


pos'itus  ?cu  Com'itis   Wa  -•  Q  de  Tribus 

sen     Scammo'nii    antimonia'lis,     Diaceltn 

,'.'  irl  of    Warwick"*  r'berus 

Triceps,  (F.)   Poudre    Co  machine.      (Scammon., 

.  supertarU,  antim.  diapk.  ail  p.  bb>.  f.  pulvis, 

Cathartic.     Used   chiefly   in  cutaneous 

diseat  ,~"  to  3j. 

PULVOS  USTl   Cl  M    O'PIO,    P.  opii, 'tux. 

Powder    of   /{unit    Hartshorn    with    opium,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  come  brntf<  avec  ('opium ,     |  0/>i*t  (/»<•/ 
cut.  J5J,   corn.    /(s7.  pratp.   gj,    eoeeor.    i 
||  \.     /'//.  /<. J    Ten  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Anodyne. 

Pi  :  mpositua. 

PuLYIS    < '  i :  i :  r .+:    CoMPOS'lTUB,    P.    Carbona'tis 

1  coin  posit  tie  seu   creta'ci  us  seu    antac"idus 

sen  /'/■/■<  t'tris,  Spe'cies  >  Scor'dio  xi>"  opio,  S.  Dia- 

.  Compound    Powder  of  Chalk,    Diaseord'- 

Irmeniae  in  place  of  ohalk — -the 

Pulvit  ■  positus  sine  opioj)  ( F. )  Pondre 

teB  j'/'t.  tbss,  cinnam.  £\v, 

tin-nn ntill.,    aeacioJ,    sing,    jiij,    pip,    long.  ,^i\'- 

Reduce   separately  to  a  fine    powder,  and    mix. 

J'/i    /,.)     Antacid,  stomachic,  absorbent.     Dose, 

gr.  xx  to  9ij. 

Pi  1. vis  Cukt.k  Coifpos'rrua  cnii  O'pio,  Corn- 
ier of  Chalk  with  opium,  P.  >■  CretA 
eompositus  enm  opio;   (with    Bole   Armeniae    in- 
stead of  chalk  —  P.  e  Bolo  eompositns  mm  opio  ;) 
>rdio  rum  opio,  (F.)  Poudre  de  eraie 
oomposie  avec  r  opium.    (Pnlv.  ere*.  <•.  §vjss,  opii 
thtri  cont.    ;}iv.      Mix.      PA.    /,.)      Contains    one 
grain  of  opium  in  40.      Anodyne  ami  abeorbenti 
?}  to  3<j- 

Pi  1.  vis  Di  IPHORBTICUS,  P.  ipecacuanha?  eomp. 
— p.  Diapnoious,  P.  ipecacuanha  eomp. — p.  Dia- 
romaton,  P.  rinnamomi  eompositus— -p.  Diasense, 
P.  sennaB  compos. — p.  Diatarpethi  eompositus,  P. 
jalap;i'  COmpositU8. 

Pri.vis   Ducia   PORTl .an'di.f:.   Duke    of    Port- 
Gout  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  du  Due  de  Port- 
land on  de  hi  Mirandole.    [Had.  aristoloeh,,  gen- 
tittup,  summit,  chamadr.,  centaur,  nin,  ilil  p.  as.) 
Done,  Jsa  to  JQ. 

Pi  i  vis  BvMCNAGOOUS,  P.  myrrhs  eompositns 
—  p.  Epileptious  Marobionum,  P.  de  magnesia 
eompositus  —  p.  Errhinus,  P.  asari  eompositus — 
p.  Gralaetopoeus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 

Pi  i.vis  k  Qdmmi  Gotta,  /'.  Cambo'gia  eompo- 
witusaen  hydrago'gus,  Camboge  Powder,  1  F. )  Pou- 
dre hudragogue  on  d*  gomme  gntte  on  de  Queree- 
tm'nus.  (RadLjalap,  24  p.,  rad.  mechoaean.  12 
p..  cinnam.,  rhei.  &i  8  p.,  gum.  cambog.  3  p.,fol. 
mddanelfa  sice  6  p.,  uemin.  nnisi  12  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  A  drastic  cathartic.  In  anasarca  and 
DS.      D   -  ■.  '_rr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pi   I. VIS    GlTMHO'atfB    Al.KAl.l'     t'S,    Sapo  VPf/eta'- 

bilix,  [v.,    Pondre    de   savan    vfgftal.     {Qnaiac. 
2  p.,  potass,  earb.  \  p.     Make  into  a  pow- 
der.   Ph.  /'.)     Antacid. 

Pi  1. vis  kx  Hklhihthocokt'o  Compos'itis,  P. 

vrrmif  uijiix  abeque  mercu'rio,  (F.)  Poudre  vermi- 

ane    mercure.     [Fue.    helminthocort.,   sent. 

tontra.,  tummitat.  abrinth.,  tanaceti,  fol.  ecordii, 

m  una  .  rhei.  U  p.  a-,  fiat  pulvis.     Ph.  P.)     Lose, 

di '"  3J- 

PoLvia  rlrnRAOOona,  P.  e  gummi  gntt4  — p. 
klydrargyri  •    BTydrargyri    oxydum 

•iaereum  —  p.  Hypnoticus,  Hydrargyri  snlphn- 
ratora    nigrum  —  p.   [mperatoris,  P.  oinnamomi 

-itns—  p.  rncisirus,  P.  de  snlphare  1  I 
— p.  Pro  infantibus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos  — p. 
Infantum,  P.  de  magnesia,  compos. — p.  Infantum 
antnoidus.  P.  de  magnesia  compositas. 

Pri.vis   [PE<  \.t\n'iik  CoKPOS'lTUB,  P.  alesti- 

ix/'jfHfM  seu  diaphoret'ieue  tendiap- 

vo'l.-„.<  s"u  tudorificn*  Dtioe'ri  seu    Tpeeaenanha 

el  Opii  [Ph.  P.  8.),  Compound  Powder  of  Ipecac 

vuuhu,  Ij.jcer'*  Powder,  (F.j  Poudre  de  Dover  ou 


tianha  it  d* opium  on  de  l><nrer.     (Tp 


nih.   iiu/ 


111I1 


miiu'  gj,  potaeea  sulphaU 
5j.     Mix.     Diaphoretic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  <:r.  xij. 

Pi  Lna  1  ii.i  11  1  ami  r.  kt  Of-n,  P.  ipecaouanhss 
eompositus. 

PULYI8  .1  \i  ai'  1:  CoMPOS'rrua,  /'.  Diaturpe'thi 
compoeitut  sen  laxan*  sen  purgann  seu  laxati'vua 
vegetab'ilit  sen  laxant  cum  eaU  sen  Jalap' meali'- 
iiu.i  seu  Jalap' c*  tartar1  icue.  Species  Diajalapa*, 
Compound  Powder  of  Jalap,  P.)  Poudn  at 
compoete.  (Pulv. jalap.  $j,  potass.  Intuit,  gij. 
Mix.)      Cathartic.      Dose,  J^j  I<>  ,^i.j. 

Poltis  Jalaps  Balinus,  P.  jalapae  oomposi- 

tus  —  p.  Jalapaa  tartarious,  P.  jalapae  < ipositus 

—  p.    <le  Jalapa   et    soammonio   eompositus,   1'. 
BcammonesB  eomp. — p.  Jamesii,  Antimonial  pow- 
der— p.  Jesniticus,  Cinchona — p.  Joannis  >i 
Bydrargyri  nitrioo-oxydum. 

1  1. vis  Kino  Compos'iti  s.  Compound  Powder 


of  kino,  (F.)  Poudre   </e   kino   comj 

{Kino 

Jxv,  cinnam.  Ziv,  ojw'i  rfurt  5J.     Rub 

each  to 

powder,  ami   mix.      7'//.  /..)      Astringent. 

<;r.  v  to  xx. 

PnLVia  l>\\\\s,  p.  jaJapsB  eompositns  —  p. 
Laxans  cam  sale,  P.  jalapaa  eompositus — p.  Lax- 
ativus  vegetahilis,  P.  jalapaa  eompositus. 

Pfi.vis  DI  M  A(;m:'sia  COMPOS'lTl  s,  /'  tin/or. 
topas'us  sen  Nutri'cum  sen  Tnfan'tum  Beu  Infan- 
tum iiiitnc" ii/us  sen  jji-o  Infan'tibus  *v\\  antiac"- 
idits  seu  absor'bens  ^*-n  rpilep'ticus  March io'num, 
Compound  Powder  of  Magne'siat  (F.)  Poudre  ab- 
sorb fnte  et  anti-acide,     (Magnesia:,  sacchar.  aa 

p.  89.       Mix.       /'//.  P.) 

PtJLTia  Mantiancs,  P.  eontrayervse  com]). — 
p.  Marehionis.  March  ion  is  Pulvis — p.  Mercurialis 
cinereus.  Hydrargyri  oxidnm  cinerenm — p.  ad 
Afucum  pulmonalem  liberius  ciendum,  P.  de  sul- 
])hure  et  scillfi. 

l'n.vis  Mvuiui.K  CoMPos'nfs,  P.  e  Myrrha) 
eompositus  seu  ad  ul'cera  tend'inum  ±<-\i  emmen- 
agogus,  Compound  Myrrh  Powder,  (F.J  Poudre 
Balsamique.  (Myrrha,  sabinoj,  ruta>.,  castor.  Rues. 
a§  t^j.)  A  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emme- 
nagogue.     Dose,  gr.  xv.  to  xl. 

Pct.vis  NnTRICDM,  P.  de  magnesia  eompositus 
— p.  Opiatus,  P.  cornu  usti  cum  opio — p.  Oxydi 
Stibii  eompositus,  P.  eornachini — p.  ad  Partum, 
Ergot  —  p.  Parturiens,  Ergot  —  p.  de  Phosphate 
calcis  et  stibii  eompositus.  Antimonial  pott  er — • 
p.  Principis,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydnm — p.  I'nr- 
L';ms,  P.  jalapaa  eompositus — p.  Quercetauus, 
Bydrargyri  Bubmurins. 

Pti.vis  QUBRC&a  Mahi'n.f.,  Powder  of  Yellow 
Bladder-  Wrack.  (The  wrack  in  fruit,  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible  with 
a  perforated  lid,  and  then  reduced  to  powder, 
/'A.  P.)  Virtues  dependent  on  iodine  :  used,  con- 
sequently, in  bronchocele,  Ac.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  xl. 
See  Fucua  resiculosus. 

Pulvib  R.HBI  CoMPOs'rrtrs,  Compound  Powder 


of  Rhubarb.  [Magnes.  B)j 

P 


zingib.  pnfv.z\j,   rhei 


fiu/r.  5iv.  M.  /'//.  E.)  An  antacid  ami  laxative. 
I •  ^.i  to  ^ij. 

Pl'I.VIs  Sai.i'ms  COMPOS'lTI-S,  Compound  Sa- 
line Ponder.  (SmVii  eh/or  id.,  magnesia}  sulphat., 
aa  ,t  v,  potan.  sulphat.  .^i'j.  /'//.  E.  Dose,  as  an 
aperient,  two  or  three  drachms  dissolved  in  water. 

Pn.vts  Scammo'm.  1;  Compos'iti  --.  /'.  .  Soam- 
monio eompositus  seu  Scammonii  seu  de  Ju/ap/l  et 

Seam  1110' nio    emu  poxit  ui  dictlis    ( 'at  L  a  e' t  huh,    t'om- 

ponnd  Powder  of  Scammon  y,  (V.)  Poudre  cathar- 

tique  on  poudre  de  Scammonfe  composfe. 

man.,  <  tt.  jalap,  dur.,  sing.,  ^ij,  zingib.  zss.    Rub 

separately  to  powder,  ami   mix.    Pit.    A.J     ('atiiar- 

kie.     Dose,  tr.  viij  to  <sr.  xv. 

Pfi.vis   BCAMMO'lfll   COM    Al.oV:.  P.  e  Seminuonio 

cum  AloS,  Scammony  mid  Aloe*  Powder.  (Scam- 
mon. ."^vj,  1  .rt.  jalap,  dur.,  aloes  Socotr.  31 

zinj.  38a.)     Cathartic.     Do>fe,  gr.  x  to  xv. 


PUMEX 


776 


PUPIL 


Pulvis  Scammonii  Antimonialis,  P.  corna- 
chini. 

Pulvis  Senn,e  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Senna  com- 
poaitm  seu  e  Send  compositus  seu  Diase'ncR, 
Compound  Powder  of  Senna,  (F.)  Pond  re  desene 
compoaSe.  (Sennce,  potas.  supertart.,  sing.,  3'J> 
eeammoH.  £$$,  zingib.  ^ij.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic, 
bjdragogue.     Dose,  J}j  to  3j. 

Pulvis  de  Senna,  Scammo'nea  etLignis  Com- 
pos'itus dictua  Axtiarthhit'icus  Purgans,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  PSrard.  (Gum  Arab.,  potass,  super- 
tart.,  Jul.  sennce,  chince,  aa  4  p.,  scammon.,  rod. 
enreapar.,  chincp. guaiac.  lign.  aa  2  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  Purgative.    Used  to  obviate  gout.    Dose, 

33- 

Pulvis  Stannt,  see  Tin — p.  Sternutatorius,  P. 
asari  compositus — p.  Stibiatus,  Antimonial  pow- 
der —  p.  Stypticus,  P.  Sulphatis  aluminae  com- 
positus — p.  Sudorificus,  P.  ipecacuanhas  comp. — 
p.  Sudorificus  Doveri,  P.  ipecacuanhas  compo- 
situs. 

Pulvis  Sulpha'tis  Alu'minj:  Compos'itus, 
P.  alumino'sus  seu  alu' minis  kinosa'tus  seu  styp'- 
ficus  seu  aluminis  compositus,  Alu' men  kiuosa'- 
tum,  Compound  Alum  Poicder,  (F.)  Poudre  styp- 
tique  ou  d' alum  com  pose  e.  (Sulphatis  alumince, 
p.  iv,  kino,  p.  1.  Ph.  E.)  Astringent.  In  in- 
testinal hemorrhage  and  diarrhoea.  Dose,  gr. 
x  to  xv. 

Pulvis  de  Sul'phure  et  Scilla,  P.  antiasth- 
mat'icus  seu  incisi'vus  seu  ad  mucum  pulmona'- 
lem  libe'rius  cien'dum,  (F.)  Poudre  incisive  ou 
anti-asthmatique.  (Sacchar.,  p.  3,  sulphur,  lot.  p. 
2.  scilla.  siccat.  p.  j.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
3ss. 

Pulvis  de  Siilpha'te  Potas's.e  Compos'itus, 
P.  tem'perans  Stah'lii,  (F.)  Poudre  temperante  de 
Staid.  (Potass,  sulph.,  P.  nitrat.  aa  9  p.,  hydrarg. 
sulph.  rubr.  2  p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  As  an  anti- 
phlogistic, and  in  acidity  of  the  first  passages. 
Dose,  J}j  to  J}ij. 

Pulvis  e  Sulphure'to  Hydrar'gtri  Nigro 
et  Scammo'nio,  dictus  Yermif'ugus  Mercuria'- 
LIS,  (F.)  Poudre  vermifuge  mercurielle.  (Pulv. 
cornachin.,  hydrarg.su/phuret.  nigr.  recent,  praep., 
aa  p.  aa.    Mix.  Ph.  P.)     Dose,  J^j  to  JJaa. 

Pulvis  Svmpatheticus,  Sympathetic  powder 
—  p.  Temperans  Stahlii,  P.  de  sulphate  potassae 
compositus  —  p.  Terrestris,  P.  cretae  compositus. 

Pulvis  Tragacan'th.e  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Tra- 
gacan'thd  compositus,  Species  Diatragacan'thcB 
frig"id(B,  Compound  Poicder  of  Tragacanth,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  gomme  adragant  composee.  (Traga- 
canth. contus.,  acacicp  cont.,  amyli,  sing.,  ^iss, 
sacch.  purif.  ^iij.  Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.  In 
coughs,  Ac.     Dose,  #^ss  to  giij. 

Pulvis  de  Tribus,  P.  cornachini — p.  Tonqui- 
nensis,  P.  Cobbii  —  p.  ad  Ulcera  tendinum,  P. 
myrrhae  compositus — p.  Vermifugus  absque  mer- 
eurio,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto  comp. — p.  Ver- 
mifugus mercurialis,  P.  e  sulphureto  hydrargyri 
nigro  et  scammonio — p.  Vita?  Imperatoris,  P.  cin- 
namomi  compositus. 

PUMEX,  Lapis  pu'micis,  Pumice,  (F.)  Pierre 
Ponce.  This  was  formerly  employed  as  a  desicca- 
tive  and  dentifrice. 

PUMICE.  Pumex. 

PUMILIO,  Nanus. 

PUMILUS,  see  Nanus. 

PUMM  EL-FOOT,  Kyllosis. 

PUMP,  BREAST,  Antlia  lactea— p.  Stomach, 
Stomach  pump. 

PUMPKIN,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PUXA,  (S.)  Veta,  Sorocco,  Soroche,  JFareo ; 
Hypson'osus,  Mountain  Sickness,  (F.)  Mai  de 
J/outagne.  A  sickness  common  in  the  elevated 
districts  of  South  America  and  elsewhere,  which 
attacks  those  unaccustomed  to  breathe  the  rare- 
fied   atmosphere.     It    strongly   resembles    sea- 


sickness, with  a  most  acute  and  depressing  throb- 
bing in  the  head.  It  does  not  often  aflect  the 
respiration  greatly. 

PUNAISE,  Ciinex. 

PCXAISJE,  Ozaina. 

PUNCH,  Rhi'zagra,  from  pnngere,  punctum, 
'to  prick.'  Repulso'rium,  (F.)  Repouaaoir.  A 
surgical  instrument  used  for  extracting  the 
stumps  of  teeth.     See  Lever. 

Also,  an  agreeable  alcoholic  drink,  made  of 
spirit,  wine,  sugar,  lemon  juice,  and  water.  Milk 
is  sometimes  substituted  in  part  for  the  water  :  it 
then  forms  Milk  Punch. 

PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification, 
points  of. 

PUNCT.E  MUCOSAE,  see  Acne. 

PUNCTICULA,  Petechise. 

PUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncture — p.  Nervi, 
Neuronygme. 

PUNCTUM,  Stitch. 

Punctum  Au'reum,  Punctu'ra  au'rea.  For- 
merly, when  an  intestinal  hernia  was  reduced  by 
an  incision  made  through  the  integuments  down 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  a 
golden  wire  was  fixed  and  twisted,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent the  descent  of  any  thing  down  the  tunica 
vaginalis.     Hence  the  term. 

Punctum  Caecum,  see  Optic  nerve  —  p.  Lacry- 
male,  Lachrymal  punctum. 

Punctum  Sa'liens,  P.  sanguin'evm  sa'liens, 
Glob'ulus  sanguin'eus,  Punctus  ruber  sa'liens. 
The  first  moving  point  which  makes  its  appear- 
ance after  the  fecundation  of  the  germ.  It  has 
II  been  generally,  but  erroneously,  applied  to  the 
|  heart  of  the  embryo. 

PUNCTURA,  Paracentesis  —  p.  Aurea,  Punc- 
||  turn  aureum. 

PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra,  Punc'tio,  Ccnte'sis, 
Paracente'sis,  Xyxis,  from  pnngere,  punctum,  'to 
prick;'  Tresis  Punctata,  (F.)  Piqure.  A  wound 
made  by  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  sword,  bayo- 
net, needle,  thorn,  &c.  A  puncture  is,  generally, 
of  trifling  consequence;  but,  sometimes,  it  be- 
comes important  from  the  parts  implicated,  and 
the  after  consequences. 

PUNCT'URING.  Same  etymon.  Compunc'- 
tio,  Paracente'sis.  (F.)  Ponction.  The  operation 
of  opening,  by  means  of  a  trocar,  lancet,  Ac.,  any 
natural  or  accidental  cavity,  with  the  view  of 
evacuating  any  fluid,  effused  or  accumulated 
therein.     Paracentesis  is  a  sort  of  puncturing. 

PUNCTUS  RUBER  SALIENS,  Punctum 
saliens. 

PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.  Same  etymon. 
Pain  is  said  to  be  pungent,  when  it  seems  as  if  a 
pointed  instrument  were  forced  into  the  suffering 
part. 

PU'NICA  GRANA'TUM.    The  Pomegranate, 

Rhoa,    Rhaea,    Grana'tum,    Malograna'tum,    (F.) 

\  Grenadier :   Ord.  Myrtaceae.     Sex.  Syst.  Icosan- 

dria  Monogynia.     The  rind  of   the  fruit,  called 

JJalicho'rium,     Malacorium,     J/alicorinm,     Gra- 

\  na'ti  Fructus  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.)  ;  and  the  flowers 

|  — called   Bolaustine  flowers  —  are  used  in  medi- 

;  cine.     They  have  been  employed  both  internally 

and  externally  as    astringents.     The    seeds    are 

called  Cocco'nes,  kokkuvcs.    The  portion,  however, 

of  the  plant,  that  has  attained  most  celebrity,  is 

the  bark  of  the  root,    Grana'ti  Radi'cis   Cortex 

|  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  appears  to  be  very  efficacious 

in  taenia.     It  is  given  in  decoction,  (Granat.  rad. 

cort.  ^ij  ;  AqucB  Oij.  boiled  to  Oiss.)     Dose,  f^ij, 

every  half  hour.    Three  or  four  doses  are  usually 

sufficient  to  expel  the  worm. 

The  bark  contains  a  peculiar  matter  called 
Grenadin. 

PUNK.  Boletus  igniarius. 

PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia. 

PUPIL,    Pupil' la,    Pu'pula,   Pupil'io,    Yis'io, 


PUPILL.E   VELUM 


rURSLANE 


Op*;*,  '  -'tm  sen   Nigrum 

sou  Fora'men  Oc'uli,  PrumeVla,  Lumen, 
Siyht  <>r  Apple  or  Ball  of  the  eye,  (So.)  Blak  of 
the  Eie,  (Pro*.)  Omrf/e,  (F.)  Pmpille,  Prunelle. 
The  aperture  of  the  iris,  through  whiofa  the  rays 
of  light  pass  that  have  to  impress  the  image  of  an 
object  on  the  retina.  This  aperture  can  be  di- 
lated <t  contracted  so  aa  to  allow  ■  greater  or 
smaller  quantity  of  luminous  raja  to  penetrate. 
The  pupil,  in  man.  is  round,  and  by  it  the  ante- 
rior and  posterior  chambers  of  the  eve  commu- 
nicate with  each  other.  In  the  foetus,  during  the 
\  months  of  gestation,  it  is  closed  by  the 
pupillary  membrane. 

Pupil,  Closurb  ot  tiik.  Synovitis. 

Pi  rn..  PlXHOLB.  A  condition  of  the  pupil  in 
typhus,  in  which  it  is  so  contracted  as  to  resem- 
ble a  pinhole.  It  indicates  a  dangerous  form  of 
brain  affection. 

Pl'1'lI.l..K  VELUM,  Pupillary  membrane. 

PUPILLARIS  HERBA,  Lapsana. 

PU'PILLARY,  PwpiUa'rii,  (F.j  PnpUhiire. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pupil. 

Popillart    Mkmbha.nk,    Memhra'na  Pupilla'- 

oil'la  velum,  Membra'na  Wachendorfia*na. 

The  central  aperture  of  the  iris  is  closed,  in  the 

during  a  certain  period   of  gestation,  by  a 

very  thin  membrane.    It  disappears  in  the  seventh 

month. 

PUPPET   HOOT.  Veratrum  viride. 

PUPPIS   OS,  Frontal  bone. 

PUPULA,  Pui.il. 

PU'PULJS,  A' piece  iliijito'rum.  The  pulps  or 
extremities  of  the  ringers. 

PURBLIND.  M 

PURBLINDNESS,  Myopia. 

PURGAMENT,  Purgative, 

PURGAMBNTA,  Excrement  — p.  Alba,  Leu- 
corrhcea  —  p.  Infantis,  Meconium  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia  —  p.  Uteri,  Lochia. 

PURGANS  MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

PURGATIO,  Catharsis  — p.  Alvi,  Catharsis  — 
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhcea  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATION,  Catharsis. 

P  I'  R  (i  ATIONES,  Menses  —  p.  Menstrua;, 
Menses. 

PURGATIONS,  Menses. 

PUR'GATIVE,  Piirynti'rm,  Purcjaus,  Mock'- 
licti*,  Outoret'icue,  Catoter'tcue,  Catkar'tie,  Pur'- 
gament,  Purge,  (F.)  Purgatif,  from  purgare,  jmr- 
gmtum,  'to  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  operates 
more  powerfully  on  the  bowels  than  a  laxative, 
Btimulating  the  muscular,  and  exciting  increased 
secretion  from  the  mucous, coat. 

PURGE,  Purgative  —  p.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
rollata. 

PURGING,  Diarrhrea. 

PURIF  [CANS,  Pur,/' tot*,  from  purificare, 
1  t"  make  pure  or  .-lean.'     Purifying;   hence:  — 

PuRiriCAHTIA,  Medicines  that  cleanse  or  purify 
the  1.1...  >d. 

PURIFICUS,  Purificans. 

PU'RIFORM,  Puriform'is,  from  pus,  pur  in, 
and  forma.     Having  the  appearance  of  pus. 

PURL.  A  medicated  malt  liqnor,  in  which 
Wormwood  and  aromatioa  are  infill 

PURO  ill'!'  \  III'!-,  see  Hepatitis. 

PURO-MUCOUSj    Puro-muco'tw,    from    pun, 
and  mucus.      Having  the  character  or  ap- 
pearance  of  pus  and  mucus. 

PURPLE    OF    CAS8IUS,    (F.)    Pourpre   de 
-.     A  precipitate,  obtained  by  adding  the 
protochloride  of  tin  to  a  dilute  solution   • 
or  by  dipping  rods  of  tin  in  a  solution  of  gold  in 
diluted  cblorohydric  acid.     Used  in  syphilia. 

PURPLES,  Purpura  haemorrhagiea. 

PUR'PURA,  PoPphyra,  'a  purple  colour.' 
This  word  has   been   employed  in 


It  generally  means,  livid  spots  on  the  skin  from 
extravasated  blood,  with  languor  and  loss  of 
muscular  strength,  pains  in  the  limbs.  —  (F.) 
Poun 

In  Pi  RPURA  SIMPLEX,  Porph'yra  rimplex,  Pe- 
tichin  tinlfebri,  Pelio'eis,  Pkamig'wH 
Hi,  Profu'eio  ntbcuta'nea,  Pete'chial  Scurvy,  the 
are  numerous,  but  small  and  flca-l.ite- 
sbaped;  chiefly  on  the  breast,  arms,  and  legs; 
with  paleness  of  countenance.  At  times,  the 
affection  is  accompanied  by  severe  pains  in  the 
extremities,  constituting  Pelio'ti*  pAsuumiI 

In  Purpura  H  emorrhag"ica,  Porph'yra  h<e- 

morrh'i'j"  it  a,  Stmnttc' <nv  uh  ivtr»<i'li*,  lla> 

gta  univcrea'lie,  Petechiano'rie,  Jforbu*  maeulo'eue 
hamorr hag"  tone  Werlhof'xi,  Pelio'ei*  hamor- 
rhag"ica,  Scorbu'tuc,  Sehorbu'tue,  Hmmorrhai'a 
peteehia'lie,  Hmmatocpil'ia,  Land  Scurvy,  Pur- 
-  but,  S.  de  Terre,  Maladie  de  WerU 
ht>f,  Himacilinoee,  Piliote  hSntorrhagique  —  the 
spots  are  circular,  and  of  different  aisea  i  often  in 
stripes  or  patches,  irregularly  scattered  over  the 
thighs,  arms,  and  trunk;  with  occasional  haemor- 
rhage from  the  mouth,  nostrils,  or  viscera,  and 
great  debility  ami  depression  of  spirits. 

In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  nautiea, 
Scorbu'tuc,  Pechytyrbi,  Qingibra'ehium,  GHngipe'- 
diutn,  Scelotyr'bi,  Stomacface,  Scorbu'tue  nau'H- 
eu»,  Sea  scurvy,  (So.)  Scrubie,  (F.)  Scorbut, 
there  are  spots  of  different  hues,  intermixed  with 
the  livid,  principally  at  the  roots  of  the  hair;  the 
teeth  are  loose:  the  gums  are  spongy  and  bleed- 
ing; the  breath  is  fetid,  and  the  debility  univer- 
sal and  extreme.  This  occurs  chiefly  at  sea, 
after  exposure  to  a  moist,  cold,  foul  atmosphere; 
with  long  use  of  one  kind  of  food  and  of  stag- 
nant water. 

All  these  varieties  of  purpura  considerably  re- 
semble each  other.  In  the  first  two,  however, 
there  seems,  at  times,  to  be  some  excitement, 
which  has  led  to  the  employment  of  purgatives, 
and  even  of  bleeding,  with  advantage.  They 
are  dependent  upon  a  peculiar  diathesis,  which 
has  been  termed  Scorbu'tic  Cachex'ia,  Lues  Seor- 
bn'tica,  and  Cacochym'ia  Scorbutica.  Generally 
speaking,  the  use  of  the  mineral  acids  will  be  in- 
dicated  :  and,  in  sea  scurvy,  vegetable  acids  must 
be  regarded  as  the  best  antiscorbutics.  Nitre  is, 
also,  a  good  antiscorbutic,  and  in  cases  of  great 
prostration  it  may  be  united  with  cinchona 
or  turpentine.  Tamarinds  and  cream  of  tartar, 
made  into  drink,  are  also  serviceable.  But  the 
great  remedy  is  change  from  low  to  cheerful  spi- 
rits ;  from  filth  to  cleanliness;  and  from  a  cold 
and  damp,  to  a  temperate  and  dry  climate,  with 
change  of  food,  and  especially  the  use  of  green 
vegetables. 

The  general  principles  of  management  are  the 
same  in  sea,  as  in  laud  scurvy. 

PURPURA,  Scarlatina — p.  Alba  benigna  et  ma- 
ligna, Miliary  fever  —  p.  Maligna,  Petecnise  —  p 
Miliaris,  Miliary  fever — p.  Puerperarum,  Miliary 
fever  —  p.  Urticata,  Urticaria. 

PURPURIC   URINE,  see  Porphvruria. 

PURPURINE,  Bee  Porphyruria. 

PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

PURRING  TREMOR,  FrSmiemment  eaterir*. 

PURSE,  Scrotum — p.  Shepherd's,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

PUR'SINESS,   Dyipna'a  pingttedino'ea,   (F.) 

1  accompanied  with  oppressive 

fatness.     The  word  is,  also,  applied  to  d 

of  e\  ery  kind.    One  bo  affected  ia  .-aid  to  be  t>ur«u, 

or    thort-teinded,    ( Prov.)    Short-of-puff,    Thick- 

V.     Pou—if, 

PURSLAIN,  Purslane. 

PURSLANE,  Portulaca— p.  Milk.  Euphorbia 
corolluta  and   E.  maculatu  —  p.   Speedwell,  Yo- 


PURSY 


PYLEPHLEBITIS 


ponies  peregrins  —  p.  Water,  Ludwigia  palustris, 
Veroni 

PURSY,  see  Pur- 

PURULENCB,  Pas,  Suppuration. 

PURULENCY,  Pes,  Sappnration. 

PU'RULENT,  Purulen't**,  Em'pyoa,  Pyo'des, 
I  -.   from  put,  pnris.     That  which  has  the 

character  of  poa  t>r  consists  of  pus;  as  purulent 
.  a  purulent  collection,  ic. 
i.kst  Deposit,  Pus. 

PURULENTIA,  Suppuration. 

PURYAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PUS.    Humor    purulen'tus,     Pyon,    Pyono'ma, 
\  Pu'rulence,  Pu'rulency, 
5c)  . .•»,    Woman.     A  secretion  from  in- 

flamed textures,  and  especially  from  the  areolar 
:  me,    It  is.  almost  always,  of  the  same  na- 

ture, whatever  may  be  the  part  it  proceeds  from. 
Pus  of  a  good  quality. — laudable  pus.  Pus  ton  urn 
sen  laudab'ili  sen  uutriti'vum  seu  ver\ 
Pus  touable, —  is  of  a  yellowish-white  colour. 
inodorous,  and  of  a  creamy  appearance. 
Beat,  aci  is.  and  alcohol  coagulate  it.  "When 
analyzed  by  Sehwilgue.  it  afforded  albumen  and 
water,  a  particular  extractive  substance,  and  a 
small  quanty  -  phosphate  of  lime,   and 

other  salts.  Normal  pus  consists  essentially  of 
two  distinct  parts,  pun  .  pus  globule*, 

Cytoid  -.    (Henle)  —  and    a    colourless, 

aqueous  fluid,  liquor  puris,  in  which  the  corpus- 
•   suspended.     A   variety  of  the  pus  cor- 
puscles is  described  by  M.  Lebert  under  the  name 
pynid.     Fully  formed  pus  is  aplastic. 

Pes  Bontm.  see  Pus — p.  Corpuscles,  see  Pus 

—  p.  CorrosiTum,  Sanies  —  p.  Globules,  see  Pus 

—  p.  Laudable,  see  Pus — p.  Lonab&e,  see  Pus  — 
p.  Malignum,  Ichor  —  p.  Malignum,  Sanies- — p. 
Nntritrrum,  see  Pus  —  p.  Yerum,  see  Pus. 

PUSH.  Pustule. 

PUSILLA'TUM,  Pu*>da'tum.  from  pusillus, 
*  small'  [?].     A  coarse  powder. 

PUSILLUS.  Nanus. 

PUSKILE.  Pustule. 

PUSTULA,  Pustule  —  p.  Ardens,  Eczema — p. 
Oris.  Aphthae — p.  Gangrenosa,  see  Anthrax — p. 
Livida  Estl     niae,  see  Anthrax. 

Pt-sttl.e  Sicc.e.  Lichen. 

PUSTULAR,  Puttuloum,  Pustida'rh,  PustuW- 
ttmleux.    Of  or  belonging  to  pustules. 
I  with  pustules, 

PUSTULA'TION,  Pustula'tio,  from  pustula, 
'a  pustule.'     The  formation  of  pustules. 

PUSTULE.  Push-He.  Push,  Pus'tula.  from  pus. 
ath.  Bribe,  L'pa 
An  elevation    of  the    cuticle,  with    an    inflamed 
base,    containing    pus.       Willan     and    Bateman 
reckon  ::.es   of  pustules.   Phhput'eium, 

-'-  '  '.  and  Favus.  The  variolous 
pustule  is  often  called,  by  the  French,  Grain;  by 
us.  F     \ 

PUSTULE  MALTGXE.  see  Anthrax. 

PUSTULOUS,  Pustular. 

PUSULATUM,  Pusillatum, 

PUT  TO  BED.  Deliver. 

PUTAMEN  OVI.  see  Membrana  putaminis. 

PUTIUM.  Prepuce. 

PUTREDO.  -   "  Gangrene.  Putrefaction. 

PUTREFACTION,  Putrefae'tio^utrei 
S-  -  >  i p' rotes.  Se'pedon,  Putrid  or  Putrefactive 
fermentation,  from  putris.  putre.  'rotten.'  and 
.  "  to  make.'  A  decomposition,  experienced 
by  animal  substances,  when  deprived  of  life,  and 
placed  under  special  circumstances.  The  pre- 
sence of  water  is  indispensable,  the  temperature 
favourable    to    it,  >°  to  90°  of 

T        "nheit.     The  most  common  products  of  pn- 
.  >n  are,  water,  carbonic  acid,  acetic  acid. 
ammonia,    carburetted    hydrogen,    and   a    semi- 
putrid  substance,  which  is  volatilized,  and  has  an 


infected  odour.  It  has  been  supposed  that  some- 
thing like  putrefaction  may  occur  in  the  living 
body,  as  in  case  of  putrid  fever.  To  this  condi- 
tion, Piorry  has  given  the  name  Typhoha'mia, 
conceiving  it  to  be  owing  to  alteration 
blood  by  putrul  animal  matters.  Putre 
signifies  the  state  of  becoming  putrid  :  whilst  Pu- 
tridity. Putre'do,  Putrid' itas,  Pu'triduews,  (F.) 
Pourriture,  is  the  state  of  rottenness. 

PUTRESCENT,  Hyposaprns — p.  Poison,  see 
.'     • 

PUTRESCENTS,  Putrefaction  —  p.  Uteri 
gravid: ,  Hystero-malaeia, 

"   PUTRID.  Fu'tridus,  Sapros,  Sepedono'de*.  (F.) 
Putride.    from   putreo,   'to  rot.'     An  epithet  for 
some  affections,  in   which    the   matters  excreted 
and  the  transpiration  itself  exhale  a  smell 
triditv.     It  is  particularly  applied  to  typhus. 

PUTRIDITAS.  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRIDITY,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRILA'GO,  Putror,  (F.)  Putrilnge.     Same 
etymon.     The  pultaceous  matter  or  slough, 
f.rms   in    certain    gangrenous    and  other  ulcers, 
and  is  thrown  off. 

PUTROR,  Putrilage. 

PUTZOOIIILL.  se^e  Myroxylon  Perutferum. 

PUXIRI,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PY.EMIA.  Pv(.ha?mia. 

PYAR'THRUM,  from  -vox;  'pus,'  and  apBoov, 
'joint.'     A  suppurated  ioint. 
'  PYCNAN'THEMUM     INCA'NUM,      - 
'dense,'  and  arceiiov.  'a  blossom.')     Cliuopod'ium 
inca'uum.    Common   Mountain   Mint,    Wild 
An  indigenous  plant  of  the  mint  family  — 
Labiatx  —  which  flowers  in  August.     It  has  the 
aromatic  properties  of  the  mints. 

Pycnan'thkmim  Linjfo'lium,  Virginia  Thyme, 
has  like  virtues. 

PYCNICMASTICA,  Incrassantia, 

PYCNOSIS,  Inspissatio. 

PYCNOTICA,  Incrassantia. 

PYEC'CHYSIS.  from  nor.  'pus,'  and  acjfwms, 
'effusion.'     An  effusion  of  pus. 

PYELITIS.  (F.)  Pyelite,  from  meXos,  'pelvis,' 
and  fas,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  pelvis  and  calices  of  the  kidnev. 

PYELOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PYELONEPHRITIS,  from  toeXo*  'pelvis,* 
veQpos,  'kidney,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  kidney,  and  of  the  pelvis  and 

PYELOS,  Pelvis. 

PYEMESIS,  Pyoemesis. 

PYESIS,  Suppuration. 

PYETIA.  Colostrum,  Rennet, 

PYGE.  Nates. 

PYG3UEUS.  Pygmy. 

PY6ME,  Fist.  Forearm. 

F  TGMEE,  Pygmy. 

PYGMY,  Pigmy,  Pygmce'us,  (F.)  Pygmee.  from 

I   Trvyfii,  'the  fist;    as    big  as   the  fist."     A  dwarf. 

The  Pygmaei  were  a  fabulous  nation  of  dwarfs  in 

,  the   extreme    parts   of  India;    or,    according    to 

j  others,  in  Ethiopia. 

PYGODED'YMUS,  Did'ymus  symphyoperin^- 
us,  Pygop'ages,  from  -vyi?.  'the  nates.'  and  hov- 
in;.  •  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  twius  are 
united  bv  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

PYGOM'ELES,    F.  |  Pyyomele,  from  ~,yv,  '  the 
nates.'  and  /^Atoj,  '  unprofitable.'     A  monster  wita 
-:.ve  growth  on  the  nates  or  rump. 

PYGOPAGES,  Pvgodidymus. 

PYTCUS,  Purulent. 

PYLE.  Porta. 

PYLEMPHRAX'IS.    from     trvh,,    'porta,'   'a 
gate.'  and  tpopati;,  'obstruction.'     Obstruction  of 
the  vena  Porta. 
1      PYLEPHLEBITIS,  from  n>A9,  'porta,'  cli^, 


PYLORIC 


7  0         PYRAMID ES  AXTER1EURES 


<p\i$o$,  'a  vein,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation, 
i ination  of  the  vena  porta. 
PYLOR'IC,  Pylor'icn*,  (F.)  Pyloriqu*. 
etymon  as  pylorus.     That   which  relates    to    the 
pylorus.     An  epithet  given  to  different  parte. 

Pyloric  Artbbt,  Arte'ri'i  Oorona'ria  tUxtra, 
(1".  Petite  artire  gastriqu*  droite,  arises:  from  the 
hepatic,  and  is  distributed  to  the  pylorus  and  to 
the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  anastomosing, 
particularly,  with  the  A.  ooronaria  ventriculi  and 
A.  gasti      tpiploica  dextra. 

Ptloric  Vki.n  follows  the  same  distribution  as 

tery. 
PYLORTQUE,  Pyloric 

PY  LO'B  IS,  Jan'itor,  Portona'rium,  from  i*Xf, 
■.,'  and  ovpot,  'a  guardian.'      Os'tinm   pen- 
trie' uli  duodena  ti  sen pylor'i cum  wadextrum  seu 
!*#«,    Orific"i)uii    dextrum    sen    in/ertua  seu 
in*  seu  Os  in/'  'rius  s-'ii  An' turf  us  seu  Sphine- 

■I'rins,  I/"stia'riit8,  (F.)  I'ylore. 
The  lower  or  right  orifice  of  the  stomach  —  Orifice 
intestinal  (Ch.)  —  is  called  Pylorus,  because  it 
Closes  the  entrance  into  the  intestinal  canal,  and 
is  furnished  with  a  circular,  flattened,  tibro-mu- 
cous  ring,  which  occasions  the  total  closure  of 
the  stomach  during  digestion  in  that  organ.  This 
ring  has  been  called  the  Valve  of  the  Pylorus, 
Sphincter  Pylo'ri,  Pylo' rut  proprii  eie  dietus,  (F.) 
Valvule  da  pylore.  It  is  a  fold  of  the  mucous 
and  muscular  membranes  of  the  stomach;  and 
is  the  Pyloric  muscle  of  some  authors. 

PYO,  in  composition,  means  'pus,'  from  vvov, 
'  pus.' 

PYOBLENNICUS,  Mucopurulent 

PYOBLENNORRH(E'A,frotnj>yo,and0Wa, 
'  munis'  and  ptu,  '  I  How.'  A  discharge  of  puri- 
form  mucus. 

PYl  >CENO'SIS,  from  pyo,  and  Ktvwais,  'evacua- 
tion.'    Evacuation  of  pus. 

PYOCHBZ'IA,  Diarrhoea  purnlen'ta,  from 
pyo,  and  x£s"u».  '  I  go  to  stool.'  Discharge  of  pus 
Purulent  diarrhoea. 

PYOCQS'LTA,  Asci'tes  puriilen'tns,  from  pyo, 
and  KotXia,  '  the  belly.'  Pus  in  the  abdominal 
parity. 

PY0CYSTI8,  Vomica. 

PYODBS,  Purulent. 

PYGSDE'MA,  from  pyo,  and  oi^rjua,  'swelling.' 
Tumefaction  of  the  surface  owing  to  effusion  of 
pas. 

PYOEM'ESIS,  Pyem'esis,  Yum' itns purulent' us, 
from  pyo,  and  treats,  'the  act  of  vomiting.' 
Vomiting  of  pus, 

PYOQENESIS,  Pyosrenia. 

PYOG  EN'IA,  Puogen'ia,  Pyngen'etie,  Pi/npoe'- 
six,  from  pyo,  and  yiviaa;,  'generation.'  Genera- 
tion of  pus.  The  theory  or  mechanism  of  the 
formation  of  pus.  Some  have  believed  that  pus 
is  formed  by  the  arterial  system,  and  is  deposited, 
by  way  of  excretion,  in  the  inflamed  parts  ;  others, 
that  it  is  formed  by  the  destruction  of  solid  parts. 
I  n-  to  Le  owing  to  a  degeneration  of  the 

liquor  sanguinis  and  exudation  corpuscles. 

I'v  ...i  .my  Corrosiya,  Ulceration — p.  Simplex, 
Buppur 

PYOG/EN'IC,  Pyogen'ieH*.  Same  etymon. 
'  relation  to  the  formation  of  pus. 

PYOH  AY  M  I  A.  Pya'mia,  ( V. )  Pyohtmie,  from 
pyo,  and  'ui/ju,  'blood.'  Alteration  of  the  blood 
-ion  to  the  Diath'esis  seu  In- 
purul'n'ta, 

PYOID  CORPUSCLES  or  GLOBULES,  see 
Pus. 

PYOME'TRA,  P.  purulev'ta,  from  pyo,  and 
/.   -    i.  •  A  collection  of  pus  in  the  uterus. 

Pvomi  i<:  \  Pi  ki  i.i.nt  y.  Pyometra. 

PYON,  Pue. 

/'  YON&PHR1TE,  see  Nephritis. 

PYOXOMA,  Pus. 


PYOOTORRHCEA,  Otirrh 
PYOPERICAR'DIA,     Pyoporiear'dium,    from 

pyo,  rtfit,  '  about,'  and  tmpita,  '  the  heart.' 

lection  of  pas  in  the  pericardium. 

PYOPHTHALMIA,  Bypopyon—p.  Neonato- 
rum, see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infantum). 

PTOPLEUBITE,  Empyema. 

PYOPOBi  ;,ia. 

PY0P*TY8I8,  from  pyo,  and  tttvw,  'I  spit.' 
Spitting  of  pus. 

PYORRHAO"IA,  from  pyo, and paym,  'violent 
rupture.'  A  sudden  discharge  of  a  large  collec- 
tion of  matter. 

PYORRHCB'A,  from  pyo,  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  A 
discharge  of  pus. 

ProRRHma  Ai.vi.N.Y,  Pyocheiia  —  p.  Aurium, 
Otirrhoea —  p.  Nasalis,  Ossena —  p.  Palpebrse, 
Blepharopyorrhoea — p.  Urinalis,  Pyuria  — p.  Vi- 
arum  lacrymalium,  Dacryopyorrboea. 

PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuration 
—  p.  Pectoris,  Empyema. 

PYOTHOBAX  VKR US,  Empyema. 

PYO  TORRE ^E,  Otirrhoea. 

PYOTURIA,  Pyuria. 

PYR,  Fever. 

PYRA,  Anthrax — p.  Crustumina,  Crustumina- 
tum  —  p.  Crustumerina,  Crustuminatum. 

PYR'AMID,  Pyr'amie,  nvfofiis,  TrvpauiAuS, 
Eminen'tia  pyramid,  t'/is  tym'pani,  from  vvn, 
'flame/  which  has  a  conical  appearance  [?].  A 
small  bony  projection  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, which  is  excavated,  to  lodge  the  muscles 
of  the  stapes.  The  Centre-pin  of  the  trephine. 
A  small,  obtusely  pointed  eminence  of  the  inte- 
rior vermiform  process  of  the  cerebellum. 

Pyramid,  see  Calumba — p.  of  Malacarne,  Ver- 
miform process,  inferior. 

PYRAMIDAL  DE  V ABDOMEN,  Pyrami- 
dalis  abdominis  —  p.  de  la  Cuisse,  Pyramidal  is — ■ 
p.  (lit  Xez,  Pyramidalis  nasi — p.  Stapidien,  Sta- 
pedius. 

PYRAMLDALE.  (OS.)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 

PYRAMLDA'LIS  ABDOM'IXIS.  Mus'chIm 
Fallo'pii  sen  auceenturia'tue  seu  auxilia'rius,  (F.) 
Pubio-ombilical,  Pubio-sona-nmbilical  (Ch.),  Py- 
ramidal de  V abdomen.  A  small,  fleshy,  pyrami- 
dal fasciculus,  whose  existence  is  not  constant  ; 
and  which  is  inserted,  by  its  base,  into  tbe  upper 
part  of  the  pubis,  and  terminates,  by  its  summit, 
at  the  inferior  part  of  the  tinea  alba.  When  it 
contracts,  it  stretches  tbe  linea  alba. 

Pvramida'lis,  P.  Fern' oris,  fli'actm  oxter1  nun, 
Pyri/itriu' is.  Piriformis,  Primus  et  superior  quad- 
rigem'inus,  (F.)  Sacro-trockantirien  (Ch.),  /py- 
ramidal de  la  cuisse.  A  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis.  By  its 
base,  it  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of  tbe 
sacrum;  to  the  corresponding  surface  of  the  great 
BBCTO-Soiatio  ligament  and  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  ilium.  It  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which 
is  attached  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  great  tro- 
chanter. This  muscle  is  a  rotator  of  the  thigh 
outwards,  or  of  the  pelvis  in  an  opposite  direction. 

PvuAMin  yi.is  PavORIS,  Pyramidalis. 

Pyramida'lhi  Nasi,  Proe"ertu  nasi,  \ 
diia'tanx,  (F.)  Fronto-nasal  (Ch.),  Pyramidal  du 
uez.  A  thin,  triangular  muscle,  which  has  its 
summit  upwards.  Above,  it  is  continuous  with 
the  occipito-frontalis.  It  descends  vertically  bo- 
fore  the  root  of  the  OOBC,  OD  which  it  terminate-, 
becoming    confounded    with    the    transvi 

This  muscle  wrinkle!  the  skin  of  the   root  of  tho 
nose  transversely,  and  stretches  that  which 
the  tip. 

PYRAMIDES,  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

/*  7R AMIDES  ANT&RTEURE8,  Corpora 
pyramidalia  —  p.  Ferreiui,  Forrein,  pyramids  of 


PYRAMIDS   OF   MALPIGIII        780 


PYRUS   AMERICANA 


. — p.  Malpighianae,  Papilla  of  the  kidney — p.  Pos- 
terieures  da  cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGIII,  Papilla  of  the 

kidney — p.  of  Ferrein,  see  Ferrein — p.  Posterior, 
Corpora  restiformia —  p.  of  Wistar,  Sphenoidal 
cornua. 

PYRAMIS,  Penis,  Pyramid — p.  Cochleae,  Mo- 
diolus —  p.  Trigona,  see  Temporal  bone. 

PYRCiEA,  Incendium. 

PYREC'TICA,  'febrile;'  from  vvpiTog,  'fever,' 
and  £^w,  '  I  have.'  Fevers  :  the  first  order  in  the 
class  Hcematica  of  Good. 

PYHELA1NES,  Olea  empyreumatica. 

PYRENOIDES,  Odontoid. 

PYliETHRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum. 

PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Urtica 
— p.  Parthenium,  Matricaria  parthenium — p.  Syl- 
vestre,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

PYRETICO'SIS,  from  nvp,  'fire,'  nvptroi, 
'fever;'  Morbus febri'lis.     A  febrile  affection. 

PYRETICUS,  Febrifuge,  Febrile. 

PYRETOGENETIC,  Stimulant. 

PYRETOGRAPH'IA,  from  nvperos,  'fever,' 
and  ypa<pT],  'a  description.'  A  description  of 
fever. 

PYRETOL'OGY,  Pyretolog"ia,  from  iruperos, 
'fever,'  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'  Pyrol'ogy.  A 
treatise  on  fevers.  A  title  sometimes  given  to  a 
monograph  on  fever. 

PYRETOS,  Fever. 

PYRETOTYPOSIS,  Intermittent. 

VYB.EX'lA,Pyrex'is,  irtipefof-up/fire.')  Fever. 
The  febrile  condition.  Also,  a  paroxysm  of  fever 
—  Paroxysmus  febri'lis. 

Pyrex'IjE,  Febrile  diseases.  The  first  class  of 
Cullen's  Nosology. 

PYRI  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

PYRIA,  Fomentation,  Vaporarium. 

PYRIATERIUM,  Vaporarium. 

PYRICAUSTUM,  Burn. 

PYRIFORM  IS,  Pyramidalis. 

PYRIPH'LEGES,  Trvpi<p\cyris,  Pyriphlectos, 
TvpctpXeKTog,  from  nvp,  'fire,'  and  ^Xeyw,  'I  burn.' 
One  who  has  a  burning  fever. 

PYRITES,  IRON,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

PYRMONT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  mineral  spring  on  the  Weser,  in  West- 
phalia, four  leagues  from  Hamelet.  The  waters 
are  tonic,  and  contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
magnesium,  sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia,  and 
carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia  dissolved 
in  carbonic  acid,  with  some  resinous  [?]  princi- 
ples.    It  is  a  highly  carbonated  chalybeate. 

Artificial  Pyrmont  Water  may  be  formed 
of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  xv;  common  salt,  gr.  v;  mag- 
nesia, gr.  x;  iron-filings,  gr.  vj  water,  Oiij.  Im- 
pregnated with  the  gas  from  marble-powder  and 
ealjdinric.  acid,  aa  5v'.b 

PYRCENUS,  Spiritus  rectificatus. 
PYR'OLA,  P.  rotundifo'lia,  Round-leaved  Py- 
rola  or  Wintergreen  ;  Shin  leaf.  Ord.  Ericaceae. 
Diminutive  of  Pyrus,  a  pear  tree,  from  a  fancied 
resemblance  of  the  foliage.  This  plant  was  once 
used  as  a  gentle  astringent  and  tonic. 

Pyr'ola  Macula/ta,  Chimaph'ila  Macula' ta, 
Spotted  Pi))nis'seict,  Spotted  Wintergreen,  White- 
leaf,  White  Pipsissewa,  King  cure,  Ground  holly, 
Rheumatism  weed,  &c,  has  similar  properties. 
Pyrola,  Rouxdleayed,  Pyrola. 
Pyrola  Umbella'TA.  Chimaph'ila  seu  Chi- 
maph'ila  umbella'ta,  G.  Corymbo'sa,  Ground-holly, 
Pipsis'seioa,  Wintergreen,  Rheumatism  weed, 
Prince's  pine,  Herbe  a  pi  user  (Canada).  This  com- 
mon American  plant  is  allied  to  the  uva  ursi,  in  bo- 
tanical as  well  as  medical  qualities.  It  is  tonic 
and  diuretic.  The  bruised  leaves  irritate  the 
skin.  From  the  decoction  or  infusion  an  agree- 
able beverage  may  be  formed  by  adding  sugar, 


ginger  to  flavour  it,  and  yeast  to  produce  fermen- 
tation. Under  the  name  Pipsis'sewa  Beer  it  has 
been  used  in  scrofulous  affections. 

PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM, 
Oleum  animate  Dippelii. 

PYROLIG'NEOUS  ACID,  Ac"idum  py- 
roace'ticum  seu  pyrolig'ueum  seu  pyroligno'sum  seu 
pyroxyl'iotm  seu  ligni  pyro-oleo' sum  seu  ace' ti cum 
empyreumat'icum  seu  lig'neum  seu  ligno'rum  ern- 
pyreumut'icum,  Pyrolig' nic  acid,  (F.)  Acide  pyro- 
acetique  ou  pyroliguique  ou  pyroligueux,  Viuaigre 
de  bois.  An  acid,  obtained  by  distillation  from 
wood,  coal,  &c,  which  was  once  believed  to  be  of 
a  peculiar  character.  It  is  now  known  to  be 
formed  of  acetic  acid  and  an  empyreumatic  oil, 
from  which  it  may  be  freed  ;  and,  in  this  state,  is 
sold  in  commerce  for  Acetum  distillatum,  Acetic 
acid  of  commerce,  Ac"idum  ace'ticum  e  Ligno 
vena'le.  It  is  used  for  similar  purposes  as  dis- 
tilled vinegar,  and  for  preserving  animal  sub- 
stances. It  has  also  been  used  as  an  antiseptic 
in  gangrene  and  sphacelus,  and  to  foul  ulcers ; 
wherever  indeed  creasote  is  indicated. — The  dose 
of  the  impure  pyroligneous  acid  internally  is 
from  five  to  thirty  drops,  three  or  four  time3  a 
day. 

PYROMA'NIA,  Tncen'diary  monoma'nia,  from 
irvp,  'fire,'  and  mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irre- 
sistible desire  to  destroy  by  fire. 

PYROPH'AGUS,  Igniv'orus,  from  rtvp,  'fire/ 
and  (payu),  *  I  eat.'    One  who  eats  fire.    A  juggler, 
who  eats  bodies  in  a  state  of  ignition. 
PYROS,  Triticum. 

PYRO'SIS,  from  Trip, '  fire,' '  the  act  of  burning.' 
Ptyalis' mus pyros'icus.  Limo'sis  cardial ' gia  sputa- 
to'ria,  Ardor  seu  Ebullit"io  stom'achi  seu  ventric'- 
uli,  Cardial' gia  sputato' ria, Pyrosis  Suec"ica,ApO' 
ceno'sis  vom'itus  pyrosis,  Dyspep'sia  pyrosis,  Cnis- 
moreg'mia,  Orex'is  (of  some),  Soda,  Waterbrash, 
Waterqualm,  Waterpang,  Black-water,  (F.)  Ar- 
deur  de  I'estomac,  Fer  chaud,  Gremason,  Gorgosset. 
This  affection  consists  of  a  hot  sensation  in  the 
stomach,  with  eructations  of  au  acrid,  burning 
liquid,  that  causes  a  distressing  sensation  in  the 
parts  over  which  it  passes.  Attention  to  diet, 
and  the  use  of  bitter  absorbents,  will  usually  re- 
lieve, when  the  disease  is  functional.  Occasion- 
ally, it  is  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
stomach. 

Pyrosis  also  signified,  of  old,  inflammation, 
gangrene,  and  a  burn. 

Pyrosis  Suecica,  Pyrosis. 
PYROSOPHIA,  Chvmistry. 
PYROTECHNIA,  Chymistry. 
PY'ROTECIINY,    Pyrotech'ne,    Pyrot.ech'n.ia, 
from  Trvp,  'fire,'  and  re^i-jj,  'art.'     Art  of  making 
fire-works,  &c.     Also,  chymistry.     M.  Percy  has 
used   the   term  Pyrotechnie   Chirurgicale  for   the 
art   of   applying   fire    or  the    actual    cautery  in 
surgery. 

PYROTHONIDE,  from  ™p,  'fire,'  and  oBovn, 
'linen.'  Liquor  pyro-oleo'sus  e  lin'teo  para'tus. 
A  kind  of  pyrogenous  or  empyreumatic  oil,  pro- 
duced by  the  combustion  of  textures  of  hemp, 
linen,  or  cotton  in  a  copper  vessel.  The  brown 
product  is  acid.  Its  medical  properties  probably 
resemble  those  of  creasote.  Diluted  with  three 
or  four  times  its  weight  of  water,  it  has  been  used 
as  a  gargle  in  cynanche  tonsillaris,  but  is  not 
now  employed. 

It  is  said,  also,  to  be  a  popular  remedy  for 
toothach  and  skin  diseases.    When  prepared  from 
rags,  it  is  called  Rag  oil ;  when  from  paper,  Pa- 
per oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  Papier. 
PYROTICUS,  Caustic. 
PYROXYLIN,  Gun  cotton,  see  Collodion. 
PYRUS  AMERICANA,  Sorbus  Americana. 
Pyrus     Cydo'nia,    Cydo'nia    malifor'mis    seu 
vulga'ris,   Sorbus    Cydo'nia,    Cydo'nia,    Coto'niat 


PYETIA 


81 


QUARANTINE 


Quince  Tree,  (F.)  Ooig  assier.      Ord. 

eeae.      Sex.    Su*L    [oosandria    Pentagynia. 
The    fruit    is    termed   Oudo'ninm  malum.   Malum 
eanum  seu  coto'neum,  Mel  mm  cudo'nium,   Quince, 
(F.)  Coign.     Quince-seeds — Qudo'nium  (Ph.  U.  S. 
1851)  —  are  sometime!  Died  in  decoction  u  a  de- 
mulcent.    The  fruit  makes  ■  pleasant  preaarre. 
Pyri  s  Dombstica,  Sorbus  domestica. 
Pyros  M  \\.-  s,  Main*,  M.datypkyVla  seu  eoav 
tnu'nix  sen  eylvt  t'tri*,  Sorbua  stains,   M 
Appli     Tree,      1'.      Pommier.     The   apple  — (F.) 
— ia  an  agreeable  fruit  when  ripe.    When 
unripe,  it  disagrees,  especially  with  those  of  weak 
Tho  Bathe  may  be  said  of  the 

.    the   fruit   of  Pyru*  cnmmu'itin, 
J'.  S  86U   Sati'ra.  J'irux,  A'piOS,  (F.)  !'<>iri,r. 

Brandy  is  a  spirituous  liqaor  obtained 

from  the  inc.'  of  the  apple,  and  much  used  in  the 
United  States. 

PYE  I  I  A,  Rennet. 

PYTIA,  Colostrum,  Rennet. 


PYTISMA,  Sputum,  Sperm, 

PYUL'CON,  Pyul'eum,  from  -kvov,  'pus,'  nnd 
'i\kw.  'I  extract.'  (F.)  Tire-pu*.  A  surgical  in- 
strument  for  extracting   pus    from    any  cavity. 

.Many  pyulea   have   been    employed,  all  of  which 

act  as  exhausting  syringe*. 

PYU'RIA,  Pyotu'ria,  Pyorrhat'a  wHna'li*,  (F.) 
Pwurie,  Pi**em*ut  dt    Pas,  from  w**m,  'pus,' and 

ovoov,  'urine.'  DUoharge  of  purulent  urine:  a 
symptom  which  occurs  in  many  diseases  :  par- 
ticularly in  cases  of  renal  calculi,  and  in  organio 

affections  of  the  bladder.    It  receives  various  spU 

thets,  according   to    the  part  whence  the  pttS  pn>- 

aeeda:  — as   Pyuria   urethra' lit,  P.  rena' lie,   and 

/'.  rrxica'iix. 

Pyuria  Chylosa,  Chyluria — p.  Laetea,  Chy- 
luria — p.  .Mucosa,  Cystirrhoea  —  p.  Serosa, 
tirrhoea —  p.  Yiscida,  Cystirrhoea. 

PYXIS,  rvftf.  A  box;  a  pill-box.  Also,  an 
emollient  ointment.  —  Aetius,  and  Paulus. 

Pvxis,  JJo'tte,  see  Cotyloid. 


Q. 


Q..  see  Abbreviation. 

QTJ  IBEBE,  Piper  cubeba. 

QUACK,  Charlatan. 

QUACK-MEDICI X E,  Arcanum. 

QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan. 

QUADRANS,  Quarto  par*  libra.  A  quarter 
of  a  pound.     Three  ounces  (Troy.) 

QUADRA'TUS,    (F.)     Carri,     from     qnadru*, 
'square.'     A  name  for  muscles  whose   figure  ap- 
square.     Depressor  Labii  inferioris, 
Quadrants  femoris. 

Quadratics  Dorsi,  Q.  lumborum. 

QUADRA'TOl  Fbm'ORIB,  Quadratu*,  Qnartus 
quadrigem'inu*  quadratu*,  (F.)  J'nbcr-iscliio-tro- 
ehantirien  (Ch.),  Ischio-sous-trochauterien.  Carre 
de  la  Cuixxe.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior 
nnd  upper  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin,  flat,  and 
quadrilateral,  and  is  attached  to  the  outer  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium  ;  whence  it  proceeds 
transversely  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  rotates  the 
limb,  turning  the  toe  outwards. 

QtJ  LDBATI  B  G  i:\.t:,  Platysma  myoides — q.  Ra- 
dii. Pronator  radii  quadrates. 

Qdadratus  Lu.mbo'rim.  Quadratu*  seu  Lum- 
ba'ris  externut,  Q.  dorxi,  Fleetetu  par  lutnbo'rum, 
(F.)  Wo-eoctal,  (Ch.)  Ilio-lombi-eoetal,  Oarri 
des  lombe*.  A  flat,  somewhat  thick,  irregularly 
quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  in  the  loins,  at  the 
:'  the  vertebra]  column.  It  is  attached, 
below,  to  the  crista  ilii  and  ilio-lumhar  ligament; 
and  above,  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  rib; 
and  besides,  to  the  base  of  the  transverse  pro- 
teases of  the  last  four  lumbar  vertebra.  This 
muscle  inclines  the  loins  to  its  side;  depresses 
the  last  rib,  and  is  thus  a  muscle  of  respiration. 
It  can  also  raise  the  hip. 

QUADRIGA,  Cataphraota. 

QUADRIQEM'INA  TUBER'CULA,  Eminen'- 
tiee  Quadrigem'ina  sen  Bigem'inat,  Optit 
Optie  Ganglia,  Pont  Syl'vii,  Cor'pora  quadri- 
aum'ina  seu  bigem'ina,  Nate*  et  Testes,  (F.) 
Tuberciih i  quadrijnmeauz  00  bijumenux,  Emi- 
nence* bigfminiee,  Lobei  optiquee  on  bijumeanx. 
Four  medullary  tubercles, situate al  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  white, 
externally;    gray,   internally;   ohlong ;   rounded; 


connected  by  pairs,  and  separated  by  two  groove?, 
which  divide  them  crucially.  Of  these  tubercles 
—  the  superior  called  Nate*,  Na'tuka,  Tuber1  culex 
anterio'ra,  Olu'tia,  are  larger  and  more  promi- 
nent than  the  lower,  called  Testes,  Tuber'cula  pox. 
terio'ra.  The  pineal  gland  corresponds  exactly 
to  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  two  furrows 
that  separate  them. 

QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyramidalis — q.  Quartus  qnadratus,  Qua- 
drants femoris  —  q.  Secundus  et  tertius,  Ischio- 
troehanterianus. 

QUADIl  IJ  UVEA  UX  ( TUBERCULES), 
Quadrigemina  Tubercula. 

QUADROON,  see  Mulatto— q.  Black,  see  Mu- 

QUAFADIL.  Melanthium  Virginicum. 

QUAIIOIL,  Cacao. 

QUAIL,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

QUAMASH,  EASTERN,  Scilla  esculenta. 

Ql'ANDROS.  Ancient  name  for  a  precious 
stone,  believed  to  exist  in  the  brain  of  the  vul- 
ture; and  to  which  was  attributed  the  property 
of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  milk,  and  pre- 
serving from  deadly  accidents.  No  such  stone 
exists. 

QUARANTINE,      Quarantine,      Quarentnine, 

from  (I.)  Qitaranti'ntt,  itself  from  quarantn, '  forty,' 
(F.)  Qnarantaine,  The  time  during  which  tra- 
vellers, returning  from  a  country  where  the  plague 
or  any  other  pestilential  disease  exists,  are  oom- 
to  remain  on  board  ship  or  in  a  lasaretto. 
They,  as  well  as  the  ship,  are  said  '  tn  perform 
quarantine.'  Quarantine  is  sometimes  extended 
beyond  forty  days,  whilst  its  duration  is  fre- 
quently much  less.  It  is  sometimes  enforced  by 
land:  for  example,  when  contagious  diseased  re- 
quire the  establishment  of  cordon*  *ani tairee,  and 
when  persons  arc  desirous  of  leaving  infected  dis- 
||  tricts.      During   quarantine,  no  communication  is 

.allowed  between  the  travellers  and  the  inhabit- 
ant- of  the  country.  Quarantine  is  s  great  im- 
pediment to  commerce;  and  is,  doubtless,  very 
frequently  enforced  when  there  i.-  bat  little  dan- 
ger of  contagion.  The  evils  however,  that  might 
arise  from  the  introduction  of  a  widely-spreading 
contagious  disease,  istrous,  as  to  induce- 


QUARTAN 


82 


QUI XI A 


legislators  to  maintain  these  laws  in  perhaps  an  I 
unnecessary  degree  of  rigour. 

QUARTAN,  from  qnartus,  'the  fourth.'  Qitar-  \ 
ta'na  Fein's,  An'etus  Quarta'nus,  Tetarta'us,  I 
Quartan  Ague,  (F.)  Quarte.  An  intermittent,  the 
paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  fourth  day, 
leaving  between  them  two  days'  interval.  We 
speak  also  of  the  Quartan  Type.  A  Double  Quar- 
tan, (F.)  Double  quarte,  is  one  in  which  one  j 
paroxysm  occurs  on  the  third  and  another  on  the 
second  day,  so  that  there  is  only  one  day  of  apy- 
rexia  and  two  of  paroxysms  in  succession;  —  the 
paroxysms  of  every  fourth  day  resembling  each 
other.  A  Triple  Quartan  is  one  in  which  there 
is  a  paroxysm  every  day  ;  and  on  every  three 
clays  the  paroxysms  correspond.  A  redoub'ling 
or  repeat' inn  quartan,  (F.)  Fievre  quarte  doublee, 
is  one  in  which  there  are  two  paroxysms  every 
fourth  day.     See  Intermittent. 

QUARTAXUS  REMITTEES,  Tetartophia. 

QUARTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure,  equal 
to  one-fourth  of  the  sextarius.  See  Weights  and 
Measures. 

QUARTE,  Quartan. 

QUARTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  Black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUARTIO,  Astragalus. 

QUARTI-STERXAL,  Quadristerna'lis.  The 
fourth  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  correspond- 
ing: to  the  fourth  intercostal  space.  —  Beclard. 

QUASSATIO,  Conquassation. 

QUASSATURA,  Conquassation. 

QUAS'SIA,  Q.  ama'ra  seu  excel' sa,  Pierce' - 
va  excel'sa,  Febrif'ugum  lignum,  Quassy,  Lofty 
Bitteruood  Tree,  Bitter-ash,  (F.)  Quassie,  Bois 
amer.  Ord.  Simarubacea?.  A  West  India  tree,  from 
which  is  obtained  the  Lignum  Quassia,  Quassia 
(Ph.U.  S.)  It  is  an  intensely  durable  bitter,  without 
astringeucy  :  and  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic 
and  stomachic.  It  is  general]}'  given  in  the  form 
of  infusion.    The  bitter  principle  is  called  Quassin. 

Quassia  Simakou'ba,  Simarouba,  Simaru'ba, 
S.  officina'lis,  Euon'ymus,  Bitter  Simaruba,  Moun- 
tain Damson.  The  bark  of  the  root,  Simaru'ba, 
(Ph.  U.  S.).  is  bitter,  and  not  unpleasant.  Both 
water  and  alcohol  extract  its  virtues.  It  is  not 
astringent.  It  is  exhibited  wherever  a  simple 
tonic  is  required. 

QUASSIX.  see  Quassia. 

QUATERNIO,  Astragalus. 

QUA  THE  E PICES,  see  Myrtus  pinienta. 

QUA  TRIO,  Astragalus. 

QUEASIXESS.  Xausea. 

QUEEN  OF  THE  MEADOW,  Spira?a  lobata 
■ — q.  of  the  Prairie,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

QUEEX'S  DELIGHT,  Stillingia  — q.  Root, 
Stillin^ia. 

QUELLES.  Elixir. 

QUEXOUfLLE  D'EAU,  Typha  latifolia. 

QUERGERA,  Epialos. 

QUERCIXI  HERB  A,  Lichen  plicatus. 

QUERCULAMIXOR,  Teucrium  chama?drys. 

QUERCUS  ALBA,  White  Oak;  Quercus 
Robur,  Common  Oak;  Q.  Tixctq'ria,  Black 
Oak  ;  Q.  RUBRA  monta'na,  Bed  Oak  or  Spanish 
Oak.  Ord.  Cupulifera?.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia 
Polyandria;  (F.)  Chene.  The  bark  of  all  these 
varieties  is,  probably,  alike  in  medicinal  proper- 
ties. It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tonic,  and 
has  been  used  internally  in  intermittents,  and  ex- 
ternally in  decoction,  as  an  astringent  wash,  where 
such  is  indicated. 

Acorns,  Ceces,  Nuces  Quercus,  (F.)  Glands, 
were  at  one  time  much  used  as  food  ;  and  a  de- 
coction of  them  was  once  recommended  in  dys- 
entery and  diarrhoea,  in  glandular  obstructions, 
Ac.  A  pessary  made  of  them  has  been  advised 
in  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses.  They  are  not 
cow  used. 


Quercus  Ixffcto'ria.     A  tree  of  Asia  Minor, 
which   affords  Turkey  or  Nut   Galls,  Galla    Tnr'- 
cictB    seu    Querci'nce    seu  Tincto'rice,  Nnx    Gal/ce, 
fialla  max'ima  orbicula'ta,  Cicis,  Casseiioles,  Cal- 
ler., Galls.  Gall-nut,  (F.)  Noix  de   Galle,  Guile  de 
j  chine.      The   nut-gall—  Galla    (Ph.  U.  S.)  — is   a 
j  morbid   protuberance    or    tubercle,  produced    by 
'  the  puncture  of  the  Dfplo'lepis  seu  Cynips  G«H<£ 
Tincto'rice,  Cynips  Quercus  folii.    It  is  powerfully 

I  astringent  and  tonic,  and  has   been    employed   in 
i  diarrhoea,  intestinal    hemorrhage,  and    intermit- 
tents :  but  is  chiefly  used,  externally,  in  gargles 
and  injections.     The  powder,  made  into  an  <>iijt- 

j  ment  with  lard,  is  used  in  piles.  The  ordinary 
!  nutgalls  of  the  shops  are  procured  from  the  Le- 
vant. The  large  Mecca  or  Bussorah  galls,  at 
times  called  Dead  Sea  apples,  Mad  apples  and 
apples  of  Sodom,  are  produced  on  Quercus  in- 
fectoria. 

There  are  upwards  of  thirty  species  of  oak  in 
the  United  States,  all  of  which  are  probably  more 
or  less  astringent  and  tonic. 

Quercus  Coccifera,  see  Kermes  —  q.  Marina, 
Fucus  vesiculosus  —  q.  Suber,  see  Suber. 

QUERQUERA,  Epialos. 

QUEUE  DE  CHEYAL,  Hippuris  vulgaris 
Cauda  equina,  see  Medulla  spinalis  —  q.  de  fa 
Mo'elle  epiniere,  Cauda  equina  —  q.  de  Pourceau, 
Peucedanum  — q.  de  Rat.  Sium  lunare. 

QUICK-IX-THE-HAXD,  Impatiens. 

QUICKEX  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

QUICK'EXIXG,  from  Sax.  chiccan,  '  to  make 
alive.'  The  period  of  gestation  when  the  motion 
of  the  foetus  first  becomes  perceptible.  This 
usually  occurs  about  the  eighteenth  week,  and 
was  at  one  time  erroneously  believed  to  mark  the 
time  at  which  the  foetus  becomes  alive — Anima'- 
tio  foetus.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  it  pos- 
sesses the  principle  of  life  from  the  moment  of 
the  union  of  the  materials  furnished  by  the  sexes 
as  a  fecundating  copulation.  When  the  motion 
is  felt,  the  female  is  said  to  be  'quick  with  child.' 

QUICKEXS.  Triticum  repens. 

QUICKLIME,  Calx  viva. 

QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum. 

QUIES,  Acinesia. 

QUIXA,  Quinine  —  q.  de  Campo,  Strychnos 
pseudo-china  —  q.  Quina,  Cinchona. 

QUIX.E  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  &c,  see  Qui- 
nia Acetas,  &c. 

QUIXCE,  Scrofula,  see  Pyrus  cydonia  —  q. 
Tree,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

QUIXIA,  Quinine — q.  Acetate  of,  Quinia?  acetas 
— q.  Amorphous,  see  Quinia,  extract  of,  and  Chini- 
oidine — q.  Arseniate  of,  Quiniae  arsenias — q.  and 
Cinchonia,  tannate  of,  Quiniae  et  Cinchonirc  tan- 
nas  —  q.  Arsenite  of,  Quiniae  arsenis  —  q.  Citrate 
of,  Quiniae  citras. 

Quinia,  Extract  of,  Qui'nice  sulphas  impn'rus. 
A  preparation  which  consists  in  evaporating  the 
liquor  poured  off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia, 
to  the  consistence  of  a  pilular  mass. 

It  has  the  properties  of  sulphate  of  quinia.  and 
its  active  principle  appears  to  be  amorphous 
quinia  or  chinioidine.  Twenty-four  grains  will 
generally  arrest  ague. 

Quinia,  Ferrocyanate,  of.  Quinia?  ferroeyanas 
—  q.  Hydriodate  of,  Quinia?  hydriodas  —  q.  Im- 
pure sulphate  of,  Quinia,  extract  of — q.  Iodtiy- 
drate  of,  Quiniae  hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Quiniae 
hydriodas — q. Iodide  of  iodhydrate  of,  see  Quiniae 
hydriodas — q.  Ioduret  of,  Quinia?  hydriodas  —  q. 
and  Iron,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia,  Iodide  of 
Iodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of,  Quiniae  lactas — q. 
and  Mercury,  protochloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et 
Quinia?   Protochloridum — q.  Muriate  of,  Quinia? 

II  murias  —  q.  Xitrate  of,  Quinia?  nitras  —  q.  Phos- 
!  phate  of.  Quinia?  phosphas — q.  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
ll nine,  sulphate  of. 


QUISLE    ACETAS 


783 


Q  U  I  X  I  X  E 


QUTNLfi  ACE'T  LS,  fJMiVni  awt/ficM 

»?»  sen  Chini'ni  sen  Chfnieme  seu  Qui'nia 

Sell    Qui  it  a   SeU    Qniui'ni    Sfll    A'l 'hi'nI, 

»f  Qui'nfa  or  of  Qui  mine.    Prepared 
irating  Quinia  with    diluted   oe*fr< 
Has  tbe  properties  of  the  other  Baits  of  Quinia. 

Qrisi.t:    A  0   -l''- 

ien'i'i*.  Chini'num  Areenico'eum  sea  Anenic"icum, 
Areeuiate  of  Quinia  <>r  o/  Quina  it  o/  Quinine, 
1     rtn ••-!  by  the  union 
lie  in  /'/  and  quinia.      Em]  toyed  :i-   an 
antiperiodic  in  the  dose  of  from  three  qnarters 
dn  to  ;i  grain  and  a  half  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

Qi  ;%  -.  (,>.   Diar'teuit,   Ar'eenitt  of 

A  salt  resulting  from  the  double  de- 
composition of  attentate  of  potaeea  and  tufphate 
of  quinia.  It  has  boon  need  in  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases  ;  and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  ago 
ralgia,  Ac.  Dose,  one-third  of  a  grain,  three 
times  a  day. 

Qiini.k  ClYRAS,  Qin'ncp  sen  Chin? mi  eitrnt, 
Citrae  chi'nicue  sen  qui'nicue,  Chi'nium  sen  Chi- 
ni'nnm  Ci'tricnm,  Citrate  of  Quinia  of  Quina  or 
t.f  Quinine.  Formed  from  the  union  of  citric 
acid  and  quinia.  It  lias  the  same  properties  :>s 
-  i  hate. 
Qcixijb  kt  CiNCHo'M.r  TARHAfl,  Chini'num  seu 
Chi' nium  tan'nicum,  Tannaie  of  Quinia  and  Cin- 
tko'nia.  This  salt  has  the  same  properties  as  the 
salts  of  quinia  in  general. 

Ql  im  B  DlARSRRI8,  QuiniSB  Arsenis. 
Qiisi.k  Fbrroct'akas,   Chi'nium  ferroeyaao- 
•ohydrocyan' iciitn,  Ferrocy'aaate 
or  hydrocyanoferrate    of  Quinia  or   of  Quinine. 
It  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of«»<c-  II 
\f  quinia  by  means  of  a  solution  of fcrro- 
ryanurct  of  potaeeium.      It  has  all  the  properties 
of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and,  according  to  some,  in 
a  superior  <;• 

QuiRIJB  HtDHI'ODAS,  Chini'num  hi/driod' icinn. 
Hydriodate  or  lodhydrate  of  Quinia  :  called,  also, 
■'turn  sen  Iod'idum  Qui'nia,  Iod'uret  or 
J'odide  './  Qui'nia,  (F.)  Hydriodate  ou  Todhydrate 
on  lodnrc  de  Quinine.  This  is  formed  by  precipi- 
tating eulphatt  of  i/iiini'i  by  means  of  iodidt  of 
potaeeiuwu  Given  in  scrofulous  Bffections;  half 
a  grain  to  a  grain,  three  times  a  day.  to  a  child. 
An  iodide  and  a  biniodide  have  been  formed; 
the  latter  made  by  mixing  douhle  the  quantity 
of  the  iodide  of  potassium  with  the  sulphate  of 
quinia. 

An  IontnR  of  Iom?Y'nn\TE  of  Qdi'kia,  F. 
J., dure  d'fodhydrate  de  Quinine,  is  prepared  by 
pouring  into  an  acid  solution  of  quinia  a  solution 
of  iodide  of  iron,  containing  a  slight  c\ 
iodine.  The  precipitate  is  treated  with  boiling 
alcohol:  the  liquor  filtered,  and  crystals  suffered 
to  form.      The  sail  ill  the  pro; 

the  other  salts  of  quinia.     Under  the  name,  Hy- 
driodate of  iron  and  Quinia,  a  preparation  has 
Keen  introduced  by  Mr.  Battley.     It  is  j 
lie  virtues. 
I'iDtM.  Quinise  bydriodas  —  q.  Iodu- 
«.  Quinia?  hydriodas. 
Qoiri  •    Lai  i  lb,  Quota  facta*,  Chini'num  laer- 
.    Lactate    of  Qui'nia    or    of    Quinine,  (F.) 
Lactate  dr  quinine.      Made  by  the  action  of  lactic 
acid  on  quinia.     Used  in   tl;  -   :i-  the 

-  <.f  quinia. 
Qm'ni.*'.    Mi'imas,    Chi'nium    muriat'icum  sou 


cnli'tum   sen    hydrochlo'ricum,   Mn'ria* 
Muriate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.     May 

ssolving  qui nia  in  dilute  muriatic  acid. 
Given  as  an  antiperiodic.     Dose,  half  a  grain  to 

QODTljBJ    X'lTn.VS.   Chi'nium    set!   Chini'num    ni'- 

S'itrate    of    Quinia    or    of   Quinine,    (F.) 

Nitrate  ou  Azotate   de  quinine.     May  be   formed 


by  the  addition  of  >.  quinia.     1 

perties  are  those  of  the  sulphate  of  quiniu. 

QrtM  *:     PH08PRA8,     '   \i'uiuM     Sen     Chini'num 
phomphor'icum,   Phoephate    of  Quinia  or  ol 

may  be  prepared  by  the  addition  of  dilute 
phosphoric  acid  to  qui nia.    It  is  thoughl  by  many 

to  he  next  to  the  sulphate  of  quinia  in  its  rei 
powers. 

Qi  im  I  Si  i  pi!  \s.  Quinine,  sulphate  of. 

Qcmu  Valrria'ras,  Chini'num  sea  Chi'nium 
Valerian' icum,  Valerianate  of  Quinia,  of  Quinn, 
or  of  Quinine f  may  be  formed  by  the  anion  of 
valerianic  acid  vrith  quinia.  It  has  the  proper- 
ties of  the  salts  of  quinia. 

QUI'NICINE,  Quinici'na,   Quinie"ia.     Whe* 
a  salt  of  quinia   is    exposed    to    beat  with   certain 
precautions,  the  alkaloid  is  changed  into  another 
isomeric   with    it,  to   which    this   name   bai 
given. 

Quinicine,  and  its  sulphate,  possess  tl  • 
medical  properties  as  quinia  ami  its  - 
gr.  v  to  LT.   xv. 

QUINID'IA,    Quinidi'na,    Qui'nidiuc,    Chi'ni- 
•  H'chotiu.     An  alkaloid  of  the  cinchonas 

—  of  many  of  the  genuine  at  least — obtained  from 
them  by  the  same  process  as  that  by  which  quinia 
is  obtained  from  the  harks  that  yield  it.  Its  sul- 
phate is  more  soluble  however  than   the  bi 

of  quinia,  and   it  is  left,  therefore,  in   the   mother 

The  salts  of  quinidia  are  markedly  antiperiodic. 
From  gr.  x  to  gr.  xxx  will  usually  arrest  a  pa- 
roxysm. 

Ql'IXIXE.  Qui'nia,  Quiua,  Kini'ninn,  Ki'ni- 
um,  Sal  eeeentia'le  cor'ticie  Peruvia*ni,  Chini'num, 
Quinina.  An  alkaline,  ancrystallizable  sub- 
stance  :  under  the  form  of  a  porous,  whitish  mass  : 
almost  insoluble  in  water.  Boluble  in  alcohol  aid 
ether.  It  forms,  with  acids,  salts  that  are  in  gen- 
eral soluble.  It  is  obtained  from  different  cin- 
chonas, but  chiefly  from  the  yellow,  and  is  the 
active  principle  of  those  valuable  drugs. 

QriMNr.  A  CRT  ate  of,  Quinise  acetas  —  q.  Ar- 
seniate  of,  Quinise  arsenias — q.  Arsenite  of,  Qui- 
nisB  arsenis —  q.  Azotate  of,  QuinisB  nitras  —  q. 
Citrate  of,  Quinia  citras  —  q.  Ferrocyanate  of, 
Quinim  ferrocyanas  —  q.  Hydriodate  d>.  Qoinisa 
hydriodas  —  7.  Todhydrate  de.  Quinise  bydriodas 

—  q.  Iodide  of,  Quinise  bydriodas  —  7.  lod\ 
Quinia?  hydriodas  —  7.  ludure  tPiodhydrnte  de, 
Quinia,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of, 
Quinia""  lactas — q.  Muriate  of,  Quinia1  murias — q. 
Xitrate  of,  Quinia  nitras — q.  Phosphate  of,  Qui- 
nia' phosphas. 

QuiRTJTB,  QpiHA  or  QriMA.  ScLPHATI  01 
nice  seu  Qui'ua>  sen  Quini'na  Sulphae,  Quina 
Dieul'phae,  Chi'nium  sen  Chini'num  Snlphu'ri- 
eum,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Quinine  —  the  salt  usually 
employed  in  medicine — occurs  in  needles  of  a 
pearly  and  satiny  appearance.  It  :- 
with  great  suceess  in  the  treatment  of  in  term  it- 
tenta;  and  is  available  in  many  rases,  where  the 
hark  in  substance  could  not  he  retained,  or  would 
he  injurious.  Dose,  as  a  tonic  fn  m  3  to  10  grains 
in  the  24  hours.  As  an  antiperiodic  it  may  he 
carried  much  farther.  Tts  action,  in  a  large  (lose, 
is  decidedly  sedative.  It  is  obtained,  by  ti 
the  yellow  hark  with  sulphuric  acid.  The  follow- 
ing form  is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
I'nited  States.--  Cinchnn.jiav.  in  \  ulv.  crass.  Ihiv  ; 
Acid,  muriat.  f.^iij  :   I'nhix,  in  pulv.  5v;   Aqua, 


hi'nicue,  eong.  v:  Add.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol/  Carbon,  ani- 
mal, aa  q.  s.  Boil  the  hark  in  on, ■-third  of  the 
water     mixed    with     one  third    of    the    muriatic 

acid,  and  strain  through  linen.      I'.oil    the  1 

iccessively  with  tl  intity  of  acid 

and  water  a<  before,  and  strain.      Mix  tin'  decoc- 
i'd,  while  the  liquor  is  hot.  gradually  add 

tbe   lime,   previously   mixed   with    two    pints    of 


QUININISM 


84 


RACHIDIAN 


water,  stirring  constantly,  until  the  quinia  is  com- 
pletely precipitated.  Wash  the  precipitate  with 
distilled  water,  and  having  pressed  and  dried  it, 
digest  it  in  hoiling  alcohol.  Pour  off  the  liquor 
and  repeat  the  digestion  several  times,  until  the 
alcohol  is  no  longer  rendered  bitter.  Mix  the 
liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alcohol,  until  a  brown 
viscid  mass  remains.  Upon  this  substance,  re- 
moved from  the  vessel,  pour  about  half  a  gallon 
of  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  mixture 
to  the  boiling  point,  add  as  much  sulphuric  acid 
as  may  be  necessary  to  dissolve  the  impure  alkali. 
Then  add  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  animal  charcoal; 
boil  for  two  minutes;  filter  the  liquor  while  hot, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Should  the  liquor, 
before  filtration,  be  entirely  neutral,  acidulate  it 
very  slightly  with  sulphuric  acid.  Should  it,  on 
the  contrary,  change  the  colour  of  litmus  paper 
to  a  bright  red,  add  more  animal  charcoal.  Sep- 
arate the  crystals  from  the  liquor,  dissolve  them 
in  boiling  water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphu- 
ric acid,  add  a  little  animal  charcoal,  filter  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Wrap  the  crystals  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat.  The 
mother-waters  maybe  made  to  yield  an  additional 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  quinia  by  precipitating 
the  quinia  with  solution  of  ammonia,  and  treating 
the  precipitated  alkali  with  water,  sulphuric  acid, 
and  animal  charcoal,  as  before. 

Quixixe,  Tannate  of,  Quiniae  et  cinchoniae 
tannas  —  q.  Valerianate  of,  Quiniae  valerianas. 

QUI'NINISM,  Quininis'mus,  Quinism,  Cin'- 
chonism,  (F. )  Inebriation  ou  Ivresse  quinique.  The 
aggregate  of  encephalic  or  neuropathic  pheno- 
mena induced  by  over-doses  of  quinia. 

QUINOIDINE,  Chinioidine. 

Q  U I X  Q  U  E  F  0  L I U  M,  Potentilla  reptans— 
Quinquefolium  majus,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINQUINA,  Cinchona — q.  Aromatique,  Cro- 
ton  cascarilla  —  q.  Bicolor,  Cinchonas  Caribaeae 
cortex  —  q.  Faux  de  Virginie,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
—q.  Gris  de  Loxa,  Cinchonae  lancifolise  cortex — 


q.  Jaune,  Cinchonae  cordifolia?  cortex — q.  Orange, 
Cinchonae  lancifoliae  cortex — q.  Piton,  Cinchonae 
Cariba^se  cortex — q.  Rouge,  Cinchonae  oblongifo- 
liae  cortex. 

QUINQUINO,  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

QUINSY,  Cynanche,  C.  tonsillaris — q.  Nervous, 
Angone  —  q.  Wolf,  Lycanehe. 

QUINTAN,  Febris  quinta'na  seu  pemptee'a  seu 
quinta  ;  from  quintus,  'a  fifth.'  A  fever  whose 
paroxysms  return  only  every  five  days  inclu- 
sively; and  between  which  there  are,  conse- 
quently, three  days  of  apyrexia. 

QUINTE,  (F.)  This  word  is  used  synony- 
mously with  paroxysm  or  fit,  when  speaking  of 
cough, — as  vne  Quinte  de  Toux — '  a  fit  of  cough- 
ing.' (Sc.)  Kink.     Also,  the  influenza. 

QUINTEFEU1LLE,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUINTES,  see  Quinte,  and  Pertussis. 

QUINTESSENCE,  Quinta  Essen'tia.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  alcohol,  impregnated  with  the 
principles  of  some  drug.  It  was,  consequently, 
often  synonymous  with  Alcohol'ic  tincture.  The 
most  volatile  principles  of  bodies  were,  also, 
called  Quintes'sences. 

QUINTISTERN'AL.  The  fifth  osseous  por- 
tion of  the  sternum.  It  corresponds  to  the  5th 
and  6th  intercostal  spaces. 

QUINUA,  Chenopodium  quinoa. 

QUOTID'IAN,  Quotidia'nus,  Ephe'merus,  (F.) 
Quotidien — itself  from  quotidie,  'daily.'  That 
which  takes  place  every  day. 

Quotip'ian  Fever,  Q.  ague,  Febris  qnotidia'na 
seu  hemere'sia  seu  heme'rina  seu  ephe'mera  seu 
met  heme'  rina  seumetheme'ria,  An' et us  quotidia'nus, 
Cathe' merits,  Cathemer'inus,  Methemer'inos,  Am- 
phemer'inos,  Amphimer'inus,  Amphe'merus,  Quo- 
tidia'nus, (F.)  Fievre  quotidienne,  is  an  intermit- 
tent, the  paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  day. 

A  simple,  double,  or  triple  quotidian,  is  a  quo- 
tidian, which  has  one,  two,  or  three  paroxysms  in 
the  24  hours. 


R. 


R  or  R  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  a 
prescription,  as  a  contraction  of  Rec"ipe.  (See 
Abbreviation.)  Originally,  it  was  the  sign  %  of 
Jupiter,  and  was  placed  at  the  top  of  a  formula, 
to  propitiate  the  king  of  the  gods,  that  the  com- 
pound might  act  favorablv. 

RABDOIDES,  (SUTURA.)  Sagittal  suture. 

RABID,  Rab'idus,  (F.)  Rabique,  Rabieique, 
from  rabies,  {rabo,  'I  am  mad  or  furious,') 
'canine  madness.'  That  which  belongs  to  hy- 
drophobia; as  rabid  virus,  &c.  Rabid  also  means 
affected  with  hydrophobia,  (F.)  Enrage. 

R ABIE I QUE,  Rabid. 

RABIES  CANINA,  Hydrophobia. 

RABIQUE,  Rabid. 

RACAHOUT,  Am'ylum  quer'neum.  A  name 
given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  starch  prepared  from 
an  edible  acorn  obtained  from  Quercus  Ilex,  but, 
according  to  Plagge,  the  so  called  Racahout  of 
the  Arabs,  sold  in  Paris,  is  a  compound  of 
potatoe  starch,  chocolate,  and  aromatics,  —  as 
vanilla. 

RACCOON  BERRY,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

RACE,  from  radice,  abl.  of  radix,  '  root,'  breed. 
The  union  or  aggregate  of  individuals  whose  con- 


formation or  particular  condition  differs  percep- 
tibly from  those  of  neighbouring  varieties.  In 
the  human  species,  several  races  are  designated. 
See  Homo. 

RACE  ME  UX,  Racemosus. 

RACEMO'SUS,  Rac"emous,  Rac"emose,  (F.) 
Racemeux.     In  clusters,  like  grapes. 

RAC'EMUS.     A  cluster  — as  of  grapes. 

RACHAMEL'CA,  from  Hebr.  DH"I  (rechem), 
'the  womb,'  and  "PD  (ntolech),  '  a  king  :'  Recha- 
mal'ca.  A  peculiar  formative  principle,  supposed, 
by  Dolaeus,  to  exist  in  the  uterus. 

RACHE,  Porrigo. 

RACHLEI,  Rhachitaa. 

RACHIALGIA,  Colic,  metallic,  Rhachiodynia, 
Vertebral  disease — r.  Mesenterica,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — r.  Pictoniensium,  Colic,  metallic — r.  Pic- 
tonum,  Colic,  metallic. 

RACHIALGIE  MJESENTERIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

RACHIALGITIS,  Rhachialgitis. 

RACHIDIAN,  Spinal.— r.  Arteries,  Spinal  ar- 
teries— r.  Bulb,  see  Medulla  oblongata — r.  Canal, 
i  Vertebral  canal. 


RAC1I1DIEX 


7  85 


It  A  D I A  L 1 8 


RACHIDIEN,  Spinal. 
KACHIOPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 
RACHIPHY'MA,   Rhachiphy'ma,  Batkiophy- 
aaa,    Tumor  Dorei,  from  '"'\;^-.  *  the  spine,'  and 

£u/<<i,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  on  the  spine  or  on 
the  back. 

R  ICHIS,  Vertebral  column. 

RA<  HIS'AGRA,  Bhachie'agra,  Bhach'iagra, 
Rhach'eagra,  Rhachid' agra,  Rhachi'tie  tpina'lie, 
from  'p*Xl*>  'the  spine. '  and  aypi,  'a  seizure.'  A 
goutv  "r  rheumatic  affection  of  the  spine. 

RACHIT.fi,  RbaehitSB. 

RACHIT'IC,  Bachificne,  Rkachificu*,  (F.) 
Machitiqut.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to,  or  affected  with  rickets. 
Weak,  feeble  in  the  joints;  defective  in  develop- 
ment. 

RACHI'TIS,  Rhachi'tie-  from  'paX^  'the 
spine."  and  itie,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation   of  the  .-pine.      Also.  Qyrto'eie  Ra'- 

c/lia.    I'       '        '■-',«■.    MolbllH  A)lf/'(ieux,  Ostroma/a'ria 

imfan'tnm,Tn  >  :  Innutritio oeeium, Spi- 

na nodo'ea,  Rachitie'mue,  Englieh  dieeaee,Richete  ; 

from  'pa^n,  'the  spine,'  (F.)  Rachitieme,  Nouure, 
see   characterized   by   crookedness   of   the 
Des;  swelling  of  their  extremities  :  crooked 
nine :  prominent  abdomen  :  large  bead ;  and  often 
:y  of  intellect.      It  is  accompanied  by  lean- 
_•  moral  debility,  indigestion :  and  frequently 
induces  atrophy  and  hectic.      Rickets  occurs,  par- 
ticularly, during  the  first  years  of  existence,  in 


K  \DI  ID,  m  Radial  aspect, 
l;  I'DIAL,  Radio' lit,  from  radium,  'a  hone  of 
the  forearm. '      That  which  relates  to  the  radius. 

RADIAL  ANT^RIEUR,  Palmaris  magnna. 

Radial  Autkhv,  A. extem'a  Ou'biti.  Itar|ses 
from  the  brachial,  at  the  upper  and  anterior  part 
of  the  forearm:  descends  on  the  outer  mo 
as  the  lower  part  of  the  radius,  and  i  | 
downwards  and  backwards  towards  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  spare  which  separates  the  first 
t\\>>  metacarpal  hones.  It  then  buries  itself  in 
the  palm  of  the  hand,  where  it  forms  tl 

found  or  radial  palmar  arch.      The  radial   artery 
gives  off  the  recurrent  radial,  several  radio-mne- 
|  cu/ar  branches,  the  traneveree palmar  radio 
artery,  the  external  superficial  artery  of  th< 
of  the  /mini,  the  external  doreal  of  the  thumb,  the 
dorealia  carpi,  doreal  iuterotseoun   artery  of  the 

i nd,  j,  tfcc. 

RADIAL  Asit.ct.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  winch  the  radius  is  situated.  —  Barclay.  Rn- 
diad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially,  to 
signify  'towards  the  radial  aspect.' 

RADIAL  EXTERNB  PREMIER,  Bee  Ra- 
dialis — r.  Externe  second,  see  Radialis — r.Oraud, 
see  Radialis. 

Radial    Xkuvk,   Radio-digital   (Ch.),   Spiral 

Nerve,  Spiral  muacular  A'.,  Mutculo-apiral  in  <  re, 

arises  from  the  four  inferior  branches  of  the  bra- 

i  chial   plexus.     It  is,  at  first,  situate  behind  the 

other  nerves  of  the  plexus.     It  then  becoi 


Weakly   children,   horn   of  rickety    or  scrofulous 

■     .  LM<„r>'d  between  the  three  portions  of  the  triceps 

parents;   bronght   up  in   damp  or  confined  situa-  !  \?  rt  .  .   ..  .    ..    .  \.      .  ' 

*.  ',  '  u    u  -ii  i     •  .  .   i         brachials,   passes  behind  the   humerus,   and  de- 

tn.ns  :  who  are  hadlv  nounslied,  and   do  not  take  ,      ,       '  .,  ,  ,    , 

-.,..  ,,        ...  scends   between   the   suj)inator  longus   and   bra- 

suflicient  exercise.      The  progress  and  termination        .  .   ,.  c      l  ..    °, 

■   ,  ,  chialis  interniis,  as  tar  as  opposite  the  upper  ex- 

tremity of  the  radius.  In  its  course  it  gives  nu- 
merous filaments  to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus, 
extensor  carpi  radialis  longior,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments. Opposite  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
radius   it   divides   into  two  branches;  —  the  one 


of  the  dis»  ase  are  very  variable.  Some  children 
gradually  recover  their  health  :  others  become 
more  and  more  deformed,  and  ultimately  die  of 
consumption,  dropsy,  or  other  organic  disease. 
The  treatment  is  almost  wholly  hygienic.  Pure 
air;  a  healthy  situation ;  nourishing  diet;  exer- 
cise :  sea  or  common  cold  bathing,  and  tonics, 
afford  the  best  prospect  of  success. 

Rachitis  ADULTORDM,  Mollities  ossium. 

RACHITISME,  Rachitis. 

RACHITOMB,  from  paytg,  'spine,' and  rtuvtiv, 
'to  cut.'  An  anatomical  instrument  for  opening 
the  medulhe  spinalis  without  injuring  the  me- 
dulla. 

RACHO'SIS,  Iihacho'ai8,  Rako'ais,  from  'pa^ou, 
or  lpaKou>,  'I  wrinkle.'  A  relaxation  of  the  scro- 
tum. Propto'ma  seu  lax'itae  Scroti,  Scrotum 
pen'dulum.  An  excoriation  of  the  relaxed  scro- 
tum. 


poeterior,   which   turns  backwards  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  supinator  brevis,  and  when  it  has 
reached  the  space   between    the   two    layers   •  f 
muscles  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  forearm, 
divides  into  a  great  number  of  filaments,  which 
are  distributed  to  those  muscles,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments of  the  hand.     The  other  branch  is  ante- 
rior: it  descends  before  the  supinator  brevis  and 
the  radius;  until,  near  the  inferior  third  of  that 
j  bone,  it  engages  itself  between  the  tendons  of  the 
j  supinator  longUS  and  extensor  carpi  radialis   lon- 
gior;   and,    becoming    afterwards    subcutaneous, 
j  divides   into   two  branches,  whose  filaments    are 


,,  distributed   to   the    integuments    of   the    thumb. 

■  ||  index,  middle  linger,   to  the  outside  of  the  ring 

finger,  and  to  the  first  interosseous  muscle  of  the 


turn — r.  de  Bengal,  Cassumoniar — /•.  Bresilienne,  i 
Ipecacuanha  —  r.  de  Chnreis,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva — r.  de  Chine,  Smilax  china — r.  de  Dracke, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  r.  dee  Philippine*,  Dor- 
stenia con  tray  erva — r.  de  Safran,  Curcuma  longa 
— r.  de  Saint  Eeprit,  Angelica — r.  Salivaire,  An- 
themis  pyrethruru —  r.  de  Turleth,  Convolvulus 
turpethum. 

RAC1NES  DU  CERVELET,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

BACLURES  DES  BOYAUX,  Ramenta  in- 
teatinorum. 

RACORNISSRMENT  (P.),  from  raeomir, 
.  •horn,')  'to  make  hard  as  horn.'  Cor'- 
nifieation.  A  physical  property,  i  ossesaed  by 
animal  substances,  which  consists  in  a  kind  of 
contractility,  accompanied  with  sadden  corruga- 
tion and  curling.  It  is  produced  by  heat,  and  by 
ehemic  specially  by  the  strong  mineral 

acid-. 

B  MX  I.II-FE'S  ELIXIR,  see  Tinctura  aloes 
eompi  - 

RADESYGE,  Radzyge. 

RADEZYGE,  Radxyge. 
50 


back  of  the  hand. 

RADIAL  PETIT,  see  Radialis. 

Radial  Vkins,  Dkfp-Seated,  follow  the  same 
course  as  the  radial  artery. 

RADIA'LIS  EXTBR'NUS  BRB'VIOR,  Ex- 
ten' eor  Carpi  Radialie  Brefvior,  Badialie  tecun- 
dun,  (F.)  Second  radial  externe,  J'c/it  radial, 
Epicondylo-eue-mitacarpien,  (Ch.)  An  extensor 
muscle  of  the  wrist,  situate  beneath  the  • 
carpi   radialis   longior.      It   is   attached,   al 

the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  an  i  ter- 
minates below,  by  a  long  tendon,  inserted  into 
the  posterior  part  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
third  bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  has  the  same 
the  next  muscle. 
Ram  \' lis  Kviik'ms  Low'oiOR,  I 
Carpi  Radia'lia  Lon'gior,  Radialie  extern  me  pri- 

1.)     I' rem  i<r    radial    r.rtcrnc,    (iraial 

Humiro  ene-mitacarpien,  (Ch.)     It    is  seated  at 

the  ouier  part  of  the  forearm;  is  thin,  but  thicker 
on  the  OUtSlde  than  on  the  inside.  It  i.-  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge,  and 


RADIATED 


7  8(5 


RA1DEUR 


to  the  corresponding  tuberosity,  of  the  humerus  ; 
ami  terminates,  below,  by  a  long  tendon,  which 
is  attached  to  the  superior  extremity  of  the  second 
bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  extends  the  hand  on 
the  forearm. 

Radiaus  Externus  Primus,  R.  Externus 
longior —  r.  Extensor  longior,  R.  Externus  lon- 
gior — r.  Internets,  Palmaris  magnus — r.  Secuudus, 
R.  Externus  longior. 

KADTATED,  liadia'tus,  from  melius,  'a  ray;' 
(F.)  Rnyonni.  That  which  is  arranged  in  rays ; 
in  lines,  diverging  from  a  common  centre.  An 
epithet  given  to  several  ligaments,  &c. ;  as  to 
those  which  unite  the  ribs  to  the  sternum;  those 
which  unite  the  tibia  and  fibula  at  their  inferior 
extremity,  &c. 

Radiated  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney.  0- 

RADTCAL,  Radica'lis,  from  radix,  radio's, 
'a  root.'  A  radical  cure,  cura  radica'lis,  is  one 
in  which  the  disease  is  destroyed,  as  it  were,  from 
the  root.  It  is  used  in  opposition  to  palliative 
cure. 

Radical  Moisture,  Humidum  radicale. 
Radical  Vessels,    Vas'cular   Rad'icles,  (F.) 
Radicules  vasculaires,  are  the  small  vessels  that 
take   their   origin  in    the    tissues,  and   by   their 
union  form  larger  vessels. 

RADICES  OSSIS  HYOIDEI,  Cornua  ossis 
hyoidei. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radicis,  'a  root,' 
and  secare,  'to  cut.'     One  employed  in  collecting 
and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so  called. 
RADICULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RADICULES  VASCULAIRES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIARES,  Ciliary  processes. 
Radii  Frontis.     The  folds  or  wrinkles  of  the 
forehead. 

RA'DIO,  from  radius.  In  composition,  re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  radius,  a  bone  of  the 
forearm. 

Radio-Carpal,  Radio-carpia'nus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Carpal  Articulation  is  the  wrist  joint, 
or  articulation  of  the  os  scaphoides,  os  semilunare, 
and  os  cuneiforme  of  the  carpus  with  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  radius,  and  the  fibro-cartilage,  situ- 
ate below  the  ulna.  It  is  strengthened  by  lateral, 
anterior,  and  posterior  ligaments. 

Radio-Carpal  Transverse  Palmar  Artery, 
(F.)  Artere  Radio -carpienne-  transversale-pal- 
viaire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branches  to 
the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus. 

RADIO  CUTANE  (NERF,)  see  Cutaneous— 
r.  Phalangettien  du  ponce,  Flexor  longus  pollicis 
manus. 

RADIOLUS,  Sound. 

RADIO-MUS'CULAR,  Radio-muscnla'ris.  A 
name  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the  ra- 
dial artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm  in  the 
first  part  of  its  course;  as  well  as  to  the  nervous 
filaments  which  the  radial  nerve  sends  to  the 
same  muscles.  « 

RADIS,  Raphanus  hortensis  —  r.  de  Cheval, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RADISH.  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  Water,  Nas- 
turtium amphibiura. 

RADIUS,  'a  spoke  :' — so  called  from  its  shape. 
Cercis,  Foc"ile  minus  seu  superius,  Canna  minor, 
Os  ad  cubita'le,  Additamen'tuin  ulna?.  3/anu'brium 
tnanus,  Parape'chyon,  Arun'do  bra'chii  minor, 
(F.)  Os  du  Rayon.  A  long,  prismatic  bone,  the 
upper  and  lesser  extremity  of  which  is  called  the 
head.  This  is  supported  by  a  cervix  or  neck. 
At  the  part  where  the  neck  is  confounded  with 
the  body  of  the  bone  is  the  tubercle  or  bicipital 


tuberosity  or  eminence  for  the  insertion  of  the 
biceps.  The  radius  is  articulated,  above,  with 
the  os  humeri  and  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity 
of  the  ulna  :  below,  with  the  scaphoides,  semilu- 
nare, and  the  head  of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity, which  is  larger  than  the  superior,  is  flat- 
tened before  and  behind  :  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral ;  and  has,  below,  a  double  facette  to  be 
articulated  with  the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpus. 
On  the  outer  side  is  the  styloid  process;  and,  on 
the  inner,  a  concave  facette,  which  joins  the  ulna. 
Behind,  are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  exten- 
sor tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  from  three 
points  of  ossification;  one  for  the  body,  and  oue 
for  each  extremity. 

RADIUS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 
RA'DIX,   genitive,    radicis,    Rhiza.     A    root: 
also,  the  male  organ. 

Radix,  Root  or  fang  of  a  tooth,  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radix  or  root  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skin,  <fcc. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  prolongations,  sent  by 
scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours  into  the 
neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperioit  Roots,  Quinque  radi'ces  ape- 
rien'tes,  were,  of  old,  asparagus,  butchers'  broom, 
fennel,  parsley,  and  smallage. 

Five  Lesser  Aperient  Roots,  Quinque  radi'ces 
aperien'  tes  mino'res,  were  caper,  dandelion, 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Asclepiadis  Crispa,  see  Gomphocar- 
pus  crispus  —  r.  Braziliensis,  Ipecacuanha. 

Radix  Cordis,  Basis  Cordis.  The  base  of  the 
heart. 

Radix  Ginseng,  see  Panax  quinquefolium  —  r. 
Indica  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix  —  r.  Linguae,  see 
Tongue  —  r.  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix  —  r.  Ninsi, 
i  Panax  schinseng,  Siurn  ninsi — r.  Rubra,  Rubia — 
I  r.  Serpentum,  see  Ophiorrhiza  mungos  —  r.   Un- 
guis, Nail,  root  of — r.  Ventris,  Umbilicus. 
RADULA,  Raspatorium. 

RADZYGE,  Radzygin,  Radesyge,  Radezyge, 
Thce'ria,  (properly  Theria,  from  Qnptov,  ('cXkos,) 
'a  malignant  ulcer.')  Lepra  borea'lis  seu  Nor- 
veg"ica,  Norwe'gian  Lep'rosy.  A  name  given,  in 
Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing  considerable  ana- 
logy to  the  yaws.  Some  have  esteemed  it  a  spe- 
cies of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form  —  the  Spedalshe,  or  Spedalshhed 
—  of  Norway,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  tuber- 
cular lepra.  Under  the  epithelial  scales,  numerous 
acari  have  been  found  ;  and  the  affection  has  been 
called  Sca'bies  crusto'sa,  and  Sca'bies  Norveg"ica 
Boeck'ii,  after  Boeck,  who  well  described  a  case 
of  it. 

RAFFLE'SIA  ARNOLDT.     A  plant  of  Java. 
Order,  Rafflesiacea3,  a  decoction  of  which  is  em- 
ployed there   as  an   astringent  in   relaxed  con- 
ditions of  the  genito-urinary  apparatus. 
RAFRAlCHISSANT,  Refrigerant. 
RAGE,   Ira,  Furor  brevis,    Orge,  Thynws,  (F.) 
Colere,  Rage.     Violent  passion,  characterized  by 
contraction  of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence  in 
every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the  ner- 
vous system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  motion, 
and.  generally,  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 
Rage,  Rhage. 

RAGE,  Hydrophobia,  Rage. 
RAGE   DE   TETE.     An   epidemic  and  fatal 
malady,  which  prevailed  in  France  in  14S1.     It 
was  presumed  to  be  epidemic  meningitis. 

RAGWEED,    Ambrosia    elatior  — r.    Golden, 
j  Senecio  aurens  —  r.  Great,  Ambrosia  trifida. 
RAGWORT.  Senecio  Jacobfpa. 
RAIA  BATIS,  and  R.  CLAVATA,  see  Oleum 
jecoris  aselli. 

RAIDEUR,  Rigidity  — r.  Cadaverique,  Rigor 
mortis. 


RAIFORT 


V,  A  X  D I  A 


RATFORT,  Raphantu  bortensis  —  r.  Sauvage, 
Cochlearia  arinoracia. 
RAINBOW  WORM,  HerpM  iris. 
RAINUEE,  Groove  — r.  Digaetrique,  U 

gnms  I-. 

RAISIN,  see  Vitia  vinifera — r.  (TAmSriqve, 
pbytol  Ira  —  r.    rfe    2foi«,    Vaccinium 

in vrt illus  —  r.  d'Oura,  Arbutus  uva  ursi — r.  cffl 
/,  Paris. 

K  USING.  Expectoration. 

RMS/MERE  (F.),  from  rat#in,  'a  grape.' 
A  name  given  to  a  small  granular,  brownish  or 
blackish  tumour,  which  forms  occasionally  at  the 

•  of  the  cornea,  in  consequence  of  ulcers  "r 

•  tal  wounds  of  that  membrane.  —  Nysten. 
R  HSINS,  Uvaa  passae,  Bee  Vitus  vinifera  —  >•. 

inthe,  see  Vitus  Corinthiaca. 
RAISON,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam:  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour ;  semi-transpa- 
rent: brittle;  Boftening  and  becoming  tenacious 
by  heat:  inodorous  when  cold,  but  exhaling  a 
grreeable  Bmellwhen  heated;  and  possessing 
a  balsamic  ami  slightly  bitter  taste.  The  precise 
ible  that  furnishes  it  is  not  known.  It  has 
been  used  chiefly  as  a  balsam  in  gonorrhoea  and 
urinary  affection-;. 

RAKE-TEETH.     A  term,  used  in  the  North 
of  England   tor  teeth  which   are  wide  apart,  and 
similar  to  those  of  a  rake. 
RAKIA,  see  Spirit. 
RAKOSIS,  Raehosis. 

RALE  (F.),  Rnttle,  RhnvehiiH,  Rhenehun, 
Hh.n.ri*,  from  (D.)  Ratel:  Rhoncua,  Cerehnua, 
Rhogmoa:  (probably  an  example  of  onomatopoeia.) 
produced  by  the  air  in  passing  through 
ninciis.  of  which  the  lungs  arc  unable  to  free 
themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly  observed  at 
the  approach  of  death,  and  is  commonly  called, 
"  the  rattle*." 

The  term  lidle  has  been  given  to  different 
pounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air  in 
connection  with  fluid  contained  in  the  bronchi. 
or  areola?  of  the  pulmonary  tissue;  which  are 
perceived  by  the  Btethosc 

RALE  BRONCHIQUB  SEC,  Rule  amwre—r. 
lirnuchique  humide,  R.   muqurux  —  r.  Caverneux, 
Burgling — r.  Cavernuleux,  see  Gurgling — r.  Cre- 
pitant, Rhonchna  crep'itana,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  c. 
i.  see  Crepitant. 
RALE    MUQUEUX,   R.  bronchiqne   humide, 
Rhon'cus  muco'aua,  Hygrobronchiorrhon'chua,  Mu- 
Hattle.     The  sound    produced  by   the    pas- 
snge  of  air  through  mucus  accumulated    in   the 
larger  bronchi  or  trachea,  or    through    softened 
tubercular  matter.      This  rdle  occurs   in    catarrh, 
nnd  in  softened  tubercle.    When  carried  to  a  very 
high  degree,  it  constitutes  gurgling,  (F.)  Gargoit- 

,t.     The    aubcrep'itant  rhonchua,  \  ! 
Mnta-crfpitant,  is  produced  by  the  bubbling  of  air 
through  liquid  of  variable  consistence  in  the  mi- 
nute bronchial  tubes.      When    heard   at    the  base 
;i  lungs,  it  is  a  sign  of  capillary  bronchitis. 
When  heard  at  one  base  only,  it  is  generally  con- 
I  with  tuberculosis  higher  up. 
i:.\  I.  /:  sill  1 1. .  I  .V  '/'.  RTum'el  »«  siWim  sen  rib'. 
Sib'iloni    Rattle.      A    slight,   though   pro- 
i.  whistling  sound,  occurring  either  at  the 
commencement   of  inspiration,  or  of  expiration, 

•  i of  mucus,  thin  and  viscid, 

but  nut  abundant,  which  obstructs,  more  or  less 
completely,  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications. 
Ii  i»  seated  in  the  small  tubes,  and  occurs  in  the 
Irs!  siau'e  of  bronchitis.  The  elieki ng  and  whitt- 
ling varieties  differ,  in  the  former  being  .-hurt. 
the  latter  prolonged.  The  former  is  a  <|iiiek, 
sharp  ?ibilus  or  whistle,  which  eeas<  -   almost   in- 


stantaneously :  the  latter  a  prolonged  sibilus,  of 
less  sharpness,  lasting  almost  the  whole  time  of 
the  movement  which  it  accompanies.  To  these 
may  be  added  the  hiaaiug  variety,  the  name  suffi- 
ciently indicating  its  character. 

/.'.(/. //  SONORB,  R.  bronehiqne  see  on  rw»- 
flant,   Rhonchna   aono'rva,  Sono'rona    Rattle.     A 

sound  resembling  at  times  the  BUOrittg — (  F. )  R<m- 

■  -of  a  person  asleep:    at  others  the  sound 

of  the  bass  string  of  an  instrument  when  rubbed 

with  the  finger,  and  not  un frequently  the  oooing 

—  (F. )  Roucon  h  mi  nt  —  of  a  dove.      It  seems  to  lo 

caused  by  a  contraction  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
and  is  characteristic  of  chronic  catarrh. 

RM.E  SOUS-CR^PITANT,  see    RdU  n*. 
<pienx  —  r.  Vfaicnlaire,  see  Crepitation, 
RAMMAU,  Ramus. 
RAMBERGE,  Mercurial!*. 

R  A  M  EN  T  A  I N  T  EST  1  NCR  I'M.  Scraping* 
of  the  Intent  i)itn,  (F.)  Raelnrea  din  Boyaux.  The 
shreds  or  scrapings,  as  it  were,  id'  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  bowels,  often  discharged  in  ma- 
lignant dysentery.  The  evacuation  in  which 
these  are  contained  has  been  termed Diaehorefma 
xyamato'dea. 

RAMENTUM,  Fragment,  Scobs. 

RAM  EX,  Hernia — r.  Varieosus,  Varicocele. 

RAMIFICA'TION,  Rnmifica'tio,  from  ramn$, 
'a  branch,'  and  flo,  ■  to  become.'  A  division  of 
arteries,  veins,  or.  nerves  into  branches.  Also,  a 
branch  itself. 

RAM  I  LIE,  Ramusculus. 

RAMOLLISSEMENT,  Mollities— r.  du  Cer. 
veax,  Mollifies  cerebri — r.  du  Coeur,  Canliomala- 
cia — r.  dc  PEatomae,  Qastromalacia — r.  du  Foie, 
llepatomalacia — r.  Oria,  see  Hepatization  —  r.  de 
Ui  Moelle  epini&re,  Mollifies  medulla  spinalis  — 
r.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization — r.  de  VInteatin,  En- 
tero-malacia  —  r.  den  On,  Mollities  ossium. 

RAMPANT  (¥.),  from  romper,  'to  climb.' 
Repena,  Reptana.  That  which  creeps  or  crawls. 
The  French  Bandage  rampant  has  the  folds 
arranged  spirally  around  the  part,  leaving  in- 
tervals between  them.  It  is  a  retentive  ban- 
dage, but  is  easily  displaced,  and,  therefore,  not 
employed. 

RAM  PES  DU  LIMAgON,  Seal*  of  the 
cochlea. 

RAMPHOS,  Rostrum. 

RAMULUS,  Ramusculus. 

RAMUNCULUS,  Ramusculus. 

RAMUS,  Cladoa,  a.  branch,  (F.)  Rameau.  A 
division  of  an  artery,  vein,  or  nerve.  Also,  tho 
male  organ. 

Ramus  Ihmort  Sbftix^  Coxjugationis,  Fa- 
cial nen  e. 

RAMUS'CULUS,     Ram'uhte,     Ramnn,cnUtx 

Sitr'cidim,  Cladia'coa,  diminutive  of  ramua%  'a 
branch. '  A  division  of  a  ramus.  (F.)  Ram  118- 
evle,  Ramilfe. 

RAN  A  ESCULEN'TA,  'esculent  frog,'  (F.) 
Orennnille.  This  frog  and  (he  bull-frog,  Rana 
Tauri'na  —  are  eaten  as  delicacies.  They  aro 
nutritions,  and  easily  digested. 

1:  i  it  a,  Rannla. 

RANCE,  Rancid. 

R  WIIi.  Ran'eidu;  $aproa.(F.)  R»„re,  from 
raneere,  'to  be  stab'.'  An  epithet  given  to  fatty 
bodies,  which  have  become  acrid  from  Dge  or  tho 
contact  of  air.  Mild  ointments  may  thus  become 
very   irritating,  and   unfit   for  the  purpoi 

which   ! :  iginnllv   intended. 

RAN'DIA  DUMETO'RDM,  R.  Spino'ao,  Can'. 
tltimu    Corona' turn,    Garden' ia     ten    Poaoqne'ria 

piimi  ti.'riim  teu  Spino'aa.    A  Coromnndel  shrub; 

i'  I.  CincbonaCSB  ;  the  fruit  of  which,  bruised 
and    thrown    on    the    water,   intoxicates,  or   even 


RANDIA   SPINOSA 


88 


RAPPORT 


lulls  fish.  In  the  form  of  powder,  it  is  a  power- 
ful emetic. 

RAXDTA  SPINOSA,  R.  dumetorum. 

RANINE,  Rani'na ;  from  liana,  'a  frog.' 
The  termination  of  the  lingual  artery  is  so  called  ; 
that  is,  the  portion  of  the  artery  which  advances 
horizontally  between  the  genio-glossus  and  lin- 
gualis  muscles  as  far  as  the  point  of  the  tongue. 
The  ranine  vein  follows  the  same  course  as  the 
artery,  and  opens  into  the  internal  jugular  or  in- 
to the  superior  thyroid. 

RAXTREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RAN'ULA,  diminutive  of  rann,  '  a  frog,'  So 
called  from  its  resemblance  :  Dysj)ha'gia  Ranula, 
Fiuphrag'  ma  sal  tea' re,  Ba'trachos,  Batra'chivm, 
ffydrogloa'aa,  Hypog/ossis.  Hypoglossum,  Ilypo- 
glot'tia,  Hypoglo8'aium,  liana,  Frog  Tongue,  (F.) 
Grenonillette.  A  small,  soft,  fluctuating,  and 
semi-transparent  tumour,  which  forms  under  the 
tongue,  owing  to  the  accumulation  of  saliva  in 
Wharton's  duct.  In  order  to  give  exit  to  the  ac- 
cumulated fluid,  and  to  establish  a  permanent 
opening  for  the  discharge  of  the  saliva,  the  cyst 
may  be  punctured,  and  the  opening  maintained 
by  a  minute  cylinder,  with  a  button  at  each  ex- 
tremity, as  has  been  recommended  by  Dupuy- 
tren  ;  or  a  portion  of  the  cyst  may  be  removed  by 
the  scissors,  and  the  mouth  be  frequently  washed 
by  any  astringent  lotion.  Sometimes,  the  sali- 
vary duct  is  found  plugged  by  a  small  calculus. 

Ranula  Lapidra,  see  Calculi,  salivary. 

RAXUN'CULUS,  (F.)  Renoneule,  (Sc")  Yellow 
gowan,  Orel.  Ranuneulaceas  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Polygynia.  Diminutive  of  rana,  'a  frog/  be- 
cause found  in  marshy  places  where  frogs  abound. 
A  genus  of  plants,  most  of  the  species  of  which, 
when  taken  internally,  act  as  acrid  poisons.  See 
Poison.  They  are,  also,  acrid  and  vesicant,  when 
applied  to  the  skin,  and  have  accordingly  been 
often  used  as  counter-irritants.  The  following 
species  answer  to  this  description. 

Ranunculus  Abortiyus,  Small-fowered  Crow- 
foot, Chicken-pepper. 

Ranunculus  Acris,  R.praten'sis  seu  Steven'ii 
seu  ru'fnlns  seu  sylvat'icus  seu  Sic'ulus,  Upright 
Meadow  or  Tall  Crowfoot,  Butter  Cups,  (Prov.) 
Craisey,  Guilty  Cups.  Yellow-weed,  Blister-iceed, 
Pilewort,  Burwort,  Meadow-bloom,  Yelloics,  (F.), 
Bouton  d'or. 

Ranunculus  Albus,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Ranunculus  Aquaticus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Bulbo'sus,  R.  IcpJus,  Ranunculus 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Bulbous  or  Bulbous-rooted  Croicfoot, 
Butter  Cups,  (F.)  Renoneule  bulbeuse,  Bassinet. 

Ranunculus  Digitatus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Declinatus,  R.  flammula. 

Ranunculus  Fica'ria,  R.  remits  seu  prcecox, 
Chelido'nium  minus,  Scrophula'ria  minor,  Fica'- 
ria ranunculoi'dts  seu  verua  seu  commu'nis,  Che- 
lido'  nia  rotund ifo' I ia  minor,  Cwrsu'ma  hamor- 
rhoida'lis  herba,  JEgole'thron,  Lesser  celandine, 
Pilewort,  (F.)  Petite  Chelidoine.  Petite  Eclaire, 
Ficaire,  Herbe  aux  hemorrhoides.  The  leaves 
and  root  have  been  used  medicinally  ; — the  leaves 
as  an  antiscorbutic;  the  root  as  a  cataplasm  in 
piles. 

Ranunculus  Flam'mula,  R.declina'tus,  Flam'- 
mula,  Surrec'ta  alba,  Smaller  Water  Crowfoot, 
Lesser  Spearwort,  (F.)  Petite  Douve. 

Ranunculus  Illyricus. 

Ranunculus  Lingua. 

Ranunculus  L^etus.  R.  bulbosus — r.  Nerao- 
rosus,  Anemone  nemorosa  —  r.  Palustris,  R.  sce- 
leratus—  r.  Pratensis,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Pennsylyanicus,  Bristly  Crow- 
fool. 

Ranunculus  Precox,  R.  ficaria. 

Ranunculus  Pubes'cens.  Grows  in  ditches 
and   marshes  in  South  Africa.     The   expressed 


juice  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  in  cancerous 
ulcers. 

Ranunculus  Repens,  Creeping  Crowfoot— r. 
Rufulus,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Scelera'tus,  R.  Palm'tri*  seu 
umbella'tus  seu  digita'tus  seu  aquat'icus,  Risitd 
A'pittm,  Herba  Sardo'nia,  Herba  Scelera'to,  He- 
cato'nia  palus'tris,  Marsh  or  Crushed  or  Celery- 
leaved  Crowfoot. 

Ranunculus  Siculus,  R.  acris  —  r.  Stevenii, 
R.  acris  — r.  Umbcllatus,  R.  sceleratus  —  r.  Ver- 
nus,  R.  ficaria  —  r.  Virginianus,  Lobelia  syphili- 
tica. 

RAPA  NAPUS,  Brassica  rapa  —  r.  Rotunda, 
Brassica  rapa. 

RAPE,  Brassica  napus,  Stuprum. 

RAPHANE'DON,  from  'pa^av.c,  'a  radish,  like 
a  radish.'  Rhaphanedon.  A  transverse  fracture 
of  along  bone,  leaving  no  splinters  ;  —  what  bas 
been  called,  in  France,  Fracture  en  rave. 

RAPHA'NIA,  Convul'sio  Raphania,  Rhapha'- 
nia,  Morbus  spasrnod' icus  m'dig'nus  seu  popula'- 
ri8  seu  Sile'siacus,  Eclamp'sia  typho'des,  Sync'- 
lonvs  Raphania.  Linmeus  gives  this  name  to  a 
convulsive  disease,  not  uncommon  in  Germany 
and  Sweden,  and  which  has  been  attributed  to 
the  seeds  of  the  Raph'anus  Raphanis'trum  seu 
sylves'tris,  Raphanis'trum  8eg"etum  seu  arvense, 
Rapistrwn,  being  mixed  with  the  corn.  The  con- 
vulsions are  seated  in  the  limbs,  and  are  attended 
with  acute  pain.     See  Convulsio  cerealis. 

Raphania  Maiztica,  Pellagra. 

RAPHANIS,  Raphanus  hortensis  — r.  Magna, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RHAPHANISTRUM  ARVENSE,  see  Ra- 
phania. 

RAPHANUS,  R.  hortensis. 

Raph'anus  Hortkn'sis,  Raphanus,  R.sati'vns 
seu  niger,  Raph'anis,  Rhaph'anus,  Radic'ula, 
Rhaphys,  Raphys,  Rhaps,  Rapys,  Radish,  (F.) 
Raifort,  Radis.  Ord.  Cruciferae.  Se.r.  Syst.- 
Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  The  root  of  this  plant 
is  a  common  esculent.  It  has,  also,  been  given 
as  a  diuretic  in  calculous  affections.  The  juice, 
made  into  a  syrup,  is  exhibited  to  relieve  hoarse- 
ness. Radishes  have  long  been  celebrated  as 
anti-scorbutics. 

Raphanus  Marinus,  Cochlearia  armoracia  — 
r.  Raphanistrum,  see  Raphania  — r.  Rusticanus, 
Cochlearia  armoracia  —  r.  Sylvestris,  see  Rapha- 
nia. 

RAPHE,  Rhaphe,  (pa<pv,  'a  suture.'  A  name 
given  to  prominent  lines  resembling  a  raised 
stitch.  Such  is  the  raphe  or  tramis  which  divides 
the  scrotum  into  two  parts,  and  which  extends 
from  the  anterior  part  of  the  anus  to  the  extre- 
mity of  the  penis.  The  name  Rajjlte  seu  Raphe 
supe'rior  seu  Linea  Media'na  seu  Sutu'ra  cor'- 
poris  callo'si  exter'na  seu  chorda  longitudina'lis 
Lancis'ii  is,  also,  given  to  two  prominent  lines 
which  are  longitudinal  and  parallel,  and  are  seen 
at  the  upper  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum,  ex- 
tending from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  extre- 
mity of  that  commissure. 

RAPHEX.  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

RAPHIAXKIS'TROX\  from  'pa<piov,  'a  needle,' 
and  ayKiorpuv,  'a  hook.'  An  instrument  em- 
ployed in  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil. 

RAPHION,  Needle. 

RAPHIS,  Needle. 

RAPHYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RAPISTRUM.  see  Raphania. 

RAPOXTIC,  Rheum  rhaponticum. 

RAPPORT  (F.),  Rela'tio,  Renuncia'tio,  'a 
report.'  A  deposition  made  by  a  physician  or 
surgeon,  to  prove  the  condition  of  a  person,  the 
nature  of  a  disease,  the  existence  or  non-exist- 
ence of  pregnancy,  sudden  or  violent  death,  <fcc 


RAPPORT 


REALGAR 


Formerly,  there  were  the  Rapport*  ditoneiatife, 

,,1:1  le  at  the  desire  of  the  injured  or  their  friends, 
ami  intended  to  point  <>ut  to  the  judges  the  de- 
tail.-"!'the  crime  <>r  misdemeanor,— the  Rapportt 
.  the    object   of   which   was   to    obtain 
iont  for  the  injured  individual,  both  as  re- 
;  food  and  medicine,  and  to  defray  the   ex- 
of  prosecution  ; — and  Rapportt  mi 
prbich   were   both    dfnonciatift   and   provi- 
toiren.     At    present,    reports    or    depositions   are 
generally  divided  into  judiciary,  or  those  which 
■  throw  light  on  the  subject  matter  of  any 
civil    or    criminal     cause  ;    and     admimttrative, 
which  afford  information  on  subjects  relating  to 
any  branch  of  the    public    administration,   M   00 
the  nuisance,  or  otherwise,  of  certain  establish- 
ment-, the  character  of  any  epidemic,  Ac. 
RAPPORT,  Eructation,  Regurgitation. 
RAPTUS    POST-TKRGANEUS,    Opisthoto- 

RAPUM  MAJUS,  Braasica  rapa. 

B  \1M.\  lir.M  SYPHILITICUM,  Lobelia  ay- 
philitica. 

RAPURE,  Rasura. 

RAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis, 

RAQUETTE,  Cactus  opuntia. 

RAREFA'CIENS,  Rarifa'ciene,  Arceot'icu*, 
1".  Rarifiaut,  from  rami,  '  rare,'  ond/acere,  'to 
make.'  Medicines  were  so  termed,  which  were 
■apposed  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  giving 
more  bulk,  or  extension  to  the  blood  or  other 
humours. 

RA  REFIANT,  Rarefaciens. 

R  A  R  I  FA  ( '  I  E  N  S,  Rarefaciens. 

RA'RITAS,  (F.)  Rarete.  Rarity;  scantiness; 
f e  w  i 

Raritas  Dkn'thm.  A  large  space  between  the 
teeth,  which  appear  to  be,  and  may  be,  too  few. 

K  ISC  \T0>.  Excreation. 

RASCETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus  —  r.  Pedis, 
Tarsus. 

R  \>r\\  \.  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASET  \.  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

R  ISETTA,  Carpus.  Malleolus. 

RASH,  Exanthem —  r.  Fever,  Scarlatina  —  r. 
Canker,  see  Cvnanche  maligna — r.  Lichenous, 
Lichen  —  r.  Mercurial,  Eczema  mercuriale  —  r. 
Mulberry,  see  Typhus  —  r.  Nettle,  Urticaria — r. 
H  ■-■■■. !a — r.  Summer,  Lichen  tropicus  —  r. 
Tooth.  Strophulus — r.  Wildfire,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

/.' AS01 R,  Raaor. 

RASO'RISM.  The  Italian  medical  doctrine 
of  oontro-stimulus,  of  which  Rasori  was  the 
founder. 

RASORIUM,  Raapatorium. 

RASPATO'RIUM,  Rato'rium,  Rat'ula,  Scal- 
prvtn  roto'rium,  Xytter,  Xytte'rium,  Xyttrttm, 
Rad'ula,  Runci'na,  Rnncin'ula,  Scalprum,  (F.) 
Engine,  Orattoir.  An  instrument  used  for  rasp- 
ing bones,  to  detach  the  periosteum,  — either  in 
certain  surgical  operations,  or  for  anatomical  pur- 
poses. 

RASPBERRY,   Rabun   idssus  —  r.  Black,  see 
Rubui  Btrigosui — r.  Ground,  Hydrastis  Canaden- 
-  r.  Wild,  Rubus  strigosus. 

R  LSP1  \<i.  Eructation. 

R  iSPS,  Rubus  fruticosua. 

l:  ^SSET  \  PEDIS,  Tarsua. 

B  kSTET  \.  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

R  \SF'RA.  Xytma,  Xytmoe,  (F.)  R&purt,  from 
.  ratum,  'to  .-'Tap..'     a  raeare,  or  - 
lion.     Also,  the  reaping  or  shaving  of  any 
substance j  as  Rasu'rce   Oomu    Cervi,  Hartthom 
§hav\ 

Rasi  i:  \.  Scobs. 

RATAFFA,  ,  P.)  AleooU  tucri,  Saeeharo-al 
cuulff.     A  liquor  prepared  by  imparting  to  ardent 


spirits  the  flavour  of  various  kinds  of  fruits,  add- 


in  i:  Hi^ar. 


l;  \TANIIY,  Krameria  ratanhia — r.  of  the  An- 
tilles, Krameria  ixiua. 

U.\  /7:.  Spleen. 

RA  TELEUX,  Spleneticus. 
RATI././/:/:,  see  Dtntier. 

RATIO,  Rationa'litat,  from  rear,  rattu,  'to 
think.'  A  reason,  a  cause,  an  explanation,  a 
mode  or  manner:  as  Ratio  tymptom'atum,  an  ex- 
planation of  the  symptoms, —  Ratio  meden'di, 
Qenut  euratio'nit,  Via  eurandij  the  i 
mode  or  manner  of  cure. 

Ratio,  Reason — r.  Mcdendi,  see  Ratio  —  r. 
Symptomatum,  see  Ratio. 

RAT"I0NAL,     Rationa'li;    (F.)    Rationnel. 
Same  etymon  as  Ratio.     That  which  is  conform- 
able to  reason.     This  epithet  is  often   opposed   to 
empirieal ;   as  rational  treatment.     The  French, 
I  also,  say  Signet  rationale*,  in  opposition   to  Sig- 
\  net  nensiblei.      See  Organic. 

RATIOXALITAS,  Ratio. 

l:  VTSI'.AN  E,  Arsenious  acid. 

R  \  l'TLE,  Rale. 

RATTLES,  THE.  see  Rale. 

RATTLEBUSH,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

RATTLESNAKE,  Crotalus  horridus— r.  Leaf, 
Gtoodyera  pubescens — r.  Plantain.  G-oodyera  pu- 
bescens  —  r.  Root,  Nabalus  albns,  Polygala  Bene- 
ga,  Trillium  latifolium  —  r.  Weed,  Hieracium  ve- 
nosum. 

RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Agave  Virgi- 
nica.  Liatris  scariosa,  Nabalus  albus. 

RATTLE  WE  ED,  Actaea  racemosa. 

RATULA.  Raapatorium. 

RAUCE'DO,  Rau'eitat,  Parapho'nia  rauea, 
Asper'  itas  Arte'ricB  as'perce,  Vox  rauea,  Brau- 
chii8,  Hoarseness,  (Se.)  Roup,  (Rrov.)  Ratop,  (F.) 
Enroutment,  Raueite,  from  rattens,  '  hoar- 
change  in  the  voice,  which  loses  its  smoothness 
and  becomes  low  and  obscure.  It  is  a  common 
symptom  in  diseases  of  the  larynx  and  trachea. 

Raucedo  Catakriia'lis.  Hoarseness  from 
cold. 

RAUCITAS,  Raucedo. 

RAU&ITE,  Raucedo. 

RAUCOUS,  Raucue.  'Hoarse;'  as  a  raucous 
voice  —  Vox  rauca  seu  raucis'ona. 

RA  V /:.  Braasica  rapa. 

RAVERY,  Delirium. 

RAWP,  Raucedo. 

RAY,  Diarrhoea. 

RA  YOXXK,  Radiated. 

RA  TONS  Sors.HH/:yS,  Ciliary  processes 

RAZOR,  Culler  Tonsor' ins,  Jfacltcp'ris,  Xorae'- 

ttla,  Xyrum,  Xyrue,  (F.)  Raeoir,  from  radere, 
rnaum,  'to  shave.'  An  instrument  for  shaving. 
Used  in  surgery  to  remove  hairs,  where  they 
would  interfere  with  any  operation. 

RE  \<  IllXd.  Vomiturition. 

REACTION,  Reac'tio,  from  re,  'again,'  and 
agere,  actum,  'to  act.'  An  action  of  resistance  to 
a  power  applied.  A  species  of  vital  movement 
or  excitement,  tending  to  prevent  or  destroy  the 
effects  of  any  noxious  power  applied  to  the  ani- 
mal economy,  and  which,  by  some,  has  been 
attributed  to  the  vie  medieatrix  n<ttnr<r.  It  is 
certainly  dependent  on  the  organic  instinctive 

actions  of  the  frame.  It  is  the  state  of  activity 
which  succeeds  the  action  on  the  nervous  system 
of  certain  morbific  influences. 

RE  \1>.  Rennet 

REAL'GAR,  Realgal,  Arlada,  Arladar,  Aiirt- 

pigmeu'tum  rttbrum,   Arten'ieum  rubrum  facti"- 

ibetti,  Sandara'cha  Oreeeo'rum,   Red  Suf- 

phurei   of  Mercury.      A    violent    poison.      See 

Poison. 


REAM 


90 


RECTUM 


REAM,  Cream. 

REASON,  Ra'tio,  Logos,  (F.)  Raison.     Same 
etymon  as  Ratio.     The  faculty  or  property  of  the 
mind  by  means  of  which  man  perceives  the  dis- 
tinction between  right  and  wrong,  in  physics  as 
well  as  in  morals.     Reason  is  a  just  conclusion 
resulting  from  the  comparison  of  two  ideas,  by 
virtue  of  which  we  form  a  judgment. 
REBOLEA,  Mummy. 
REBONA,  Mummy. 
REBOUTEUR,  llenoueur. 

RECEIVER,  Ampulla,  (F.)  Ballon,  Recipient, 
from  recipere,  reception,  (re,  and  capere,  '  to  take,') 
'to  take,  to  receive.'  In  pharmacy,  a  wide- 
necked  globular  vessel,  the  neck  of  which  widens 
gradually  outwards,  to  receive  the  tapering  beak 
of  the  retort  in  distillation.  Like  the  retort,  the 
receiver  may  be  plain  or  tubulated. 

A  quilled  receiver  is  one  that  has  a  tapering 
tube  from  its  lower  surface,  which  is  inserted  into 
a  graduated  bottle  through  a  cork  joint,  when  it 
is  desirable  to  know  accurately  the  amount  of 
fluid  that  has  passed  over. 

RECEPTACULA  DUR.E  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  CHYLI,  'receptacle  of 
the  chyle;'  R.  Pecquet'i  seu  Pecquetia'num,  J)i- 
verso'rium  seu  Stagnum  chyli,  Sac' cuius  chy' lifer 
seu  ro'rifer  seu  lac'teus,  AI'veus  ampulfo'sus  seu 
anipulles'ceus,  Utric'ulna  lacteus,  Vesic'ula  chyli, 
Ampul' la  chyli/'era  seu  chyli,  Cister'na  lumba'ris 
seu  Chyli,  Chylocys'tis,  Chylodochi'um,  Lat 'ices 
lactei,  Lumbar  cistern,  Reservoir  of  Pecquet,  (F.) 
Reservoir  du  chyle,  R.  de  Pecquet,  Citerne  lom- 
baire.  A  considerable  dilatation  of  the  thoracic 
duct,  in  front  of  the  lumbar  region  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  It  is  the  commencement  of  the 
duct. 

Receptac'ulum  Cotun'nii.  A  triangular  space, 
formed  by  a  separation  of  the  two  laminae  of  the 
dura  mater  of  the  internal  ear,  near  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  petrosa  of  the 
temporal  bone,  where  the  aquaeduetus  vestibuli 
terminates.  It  is  always  filled  with  the  Fluid  of 
Cotngno. 

Receptaculum  Pecqueti,  R.  Chyli  —  r.  Sellae 
equina?  lateribus  appositum,  Cavernous  sinus. 

RECEPTIVITY,  Receptiv'itas,  (F.)  Recepti- 
vite.     Same  etymon  as  Receiver.     A  word  used 
by  Tissot  to  express  the  susceptibility  of  certain 
organs  to  receive  morbific  impressions. 
RECEPTUM,  Prescription. 
RECESSIO,  Paroxysm. 

RECESSUS,  Abscess,  Sinus  —  r.  Sulciformis, 
see  Fovea  vestibuli. 

RECHAMALCA,  Rachamelca. 
RECHUTE,  see  Relapse. 
RECIDIYA  MORBI,  Relapse. 
RE  CI  DIVE,  see  Relapse. 

RECIPE,  (L.)  (re,  and  capere,  'to  take.') 
A  Latin  word  which  signifies  'take.'  (F.)  Prenez, 
and  with  which  prescriptions  are  commenced.  It 
is,  often,  represented  by  R,  R,  and  was  formerly 
by  ~i\,  the  symbol  of  Jove.  See  Abbreviation. 
RECIPIENT,  Receiver. 

RECIPROCATION,  YIBRATIONS  OF,  see 
Sound. 

RECLINATIO,  Reclination— r.  Palpebrarum, 
Ectropion. 

RECLINA'TION,  Reclina'tio,  from  reclinare, 
reclinatum,  (re,  and  cliuare,  'to  bend,')  'to  bend 
back.'  A  mode  of  operating  for  the  cataract, 
which  consists  in  applying  the  needle  in  a  cer- 
tain manner  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cata- 
ract and  depressing  it  into  the  vitreous  humour, 
in  such  a  way,  that  the  front  surface  of  the  cata- 
ract is  the  upper  one  and  its  back  surface  the 
lower  one. 


RECLUSOR  PALPEBRARUM,  Levator  pal- 
pebral superioris. 

RECOMPOSITION,  Metasynchrisis. 
RECONYALESCENTIA,  Convalescence. 
RECORDATIO,  Memory. 
RECORDATUS,  Memory. 
RECORPORATIVl'S,  Metasyncritic. 
RECOVERY,  Restauratio. 
RECREATIO,  Restauratio. 
RECREMENT,  Recremen'tnm,   from   re,   and 
cernere,  cretum,  'to  sift.'    A  humour,  which,  after 
having  been  separated  from  the  blood,  is  again 
returned  to  it ;  such  as  the  saliva,  the  secretion 
of  serous  membranes,  <fcc.     Such  fluids  are  said  to 
be  recremeutit" ial,  (F.)  Rec.rementeux,  Recremen- 
titiel ;    Humo'res  inqui/i'ni. 

RECREMENTA  VESICA,  Urine. 
RECREMENTITIAL    FLUIDS,    see    Recre- 
ment. 

RECREMEN'TO-  EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
Applied  to  secreted  fluids,  as  the  saliva,  bile,  Ac, 
which  are  in  part  reabsorbed  and  in  part  ex- 
creted. 

RECREMENTUM,  Recrement. 
RECRUDESCEN'TIA,    Polincote'sis,    Recru- 
des'cence,    from    re,    '  again,'   and   audits,    '  raw.' 
An    increase  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary  re- 
mission. 

RECTAL,  Recta'lis.  Appertaining,  or  relating 
to,  the  rectum,  —  as  'rectal  tube.'  See  Tube, 
rectal. 

RECTIFICATION,  Rectified tio,  from  rectum 
facere,  'to  make  right.'  An  operation  by  which 
certain  liquids  are  purified  by  distilling  them, 
either  singly  or  after  admixture  with  other  sub- 
stances. 

RECTI'TIS.  A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation;  properly  orchi- 
tis, or  proctitis.  Inflammation  of  the  rectum. 
Proctalgia  injlammato' ria. 

RECTO,  in   composition,  signifies  relating  or 
belonging  to  the  rectum. 
RECTOCELE,  Cystocele. 
RECTOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 
RECTO-U'TERINE,  Recto-uteri' nus,  from  rec- 
tum,  and  uterus.     Appertaining,   or  relating,   to 
the  rectum  and  uterus. 

Recto-uterine  Folds,  see  Uterus. 
RECTO-VAG"INAL,  Recto-vagina'lis.     That 
which    relates    or   belongs   to   the    rectum    and 
vagina. 

Recto-vaginal  Fistula  is  owing  to  a  preter- 
natural communication  between  the  rectum  and 
vagina  through  the  above  septum. 

Recto-vaginal  Septum,  (F.)  Cloison  recto- 
vaginal, is  formed  by  the  junction  —  back  to 
back  —  (or  by  what  the  French  term  adossement) 
of  the  rectum  and  vagina.  It  separates  these 
two  canals  from  each  other. 

RECTO-YES'ICAL,  Recto-vesica'lis.  Having 
relation  to  the  rectum  and  bladder;  as  the  " rec- 
tovesical fold  or  pouch"  of  the  peritoneum,  be- 
tween the  rectum  and  bladder.  See  Urinary 
Bladder. 

RECTUM,  from  rectus,  so  called  from  a  notion 
that  it  is  straight.  It  is  not  so.  Intesti' nitiu 
Rectum,  Apeuthys'menos,  Euthyen'teron,  Longaon, 
Longas,  Louganon,  Archosr  Cys'saros,  Princtps, 
Monoco'lon  [?],  Bum-gut,  (Prov.)  Jot-gut.  The 
third  and  last  portion  of  the  great  intestine.  It 
forms  the  continuation  of  the  sigmoid  flexure  of 
the  colon,  occupies  the  posterior  part  of  the  pel- 
vis, and  extends  from  the  left  side  of  the  sacro- 
vertebral  articulation  to  the  coccyx,  before  which 
it  opens  outwards  by  the  orifice  called  the  anus. 
It  is  cylindrical,  but  saccated,  as  it  were,  at  its 
inferior  portion,  where  it  is  consequently  larger, 
and  is  attached  to  the  sacrum  by  the  mesorectum. 


RECTUS 


701 


RECURRENT 


Like  the  other  portion?  of  the  enr.nl  it  is  formed 
<>t'  three  membranes.  Towards  the  lower 
mitv.  some  parallel  and  longitudinal  wrinkle.-;  are 
observable  <>n  its  inner  surface:  these  in  the 
Coluiiuix,  Col  it  m' nee  car'nea  of  the  Rectum  or  <•/" 
Morgagni,  (F.)  Oolonues  dn  rectum  on  de  Mor- 
gagni.     They    are    merely    folds    6f    the    macous 

ine,  between  which  is  a  Dumber  of  Lacuna. 
The  arteries  of  the  rectum  are   numerous.      They 

I  from  the  inferior  mesenteric,  hypogastric, 
ami  internal  pudic,  and  are  called  hemorrhoidal. 
The  veins  open,  partly  into  the  hypogastric  vein, 
partly  into  the   inferior   mesenteric.      The   nerves 

i    from    the  sciatic   and   hypogastric   plex- 

The  rectum  receives  the  toca]    matters,  as 
id    the   colon,  which   serves   as.  ;i   re- 
servoir for  them. 

RECTUS,    'straight'      (F.)    Droit.      A    term. 
anatomy  for  parts  that  pursue  ■  straight 
course  :  — as 

1  s  Abdom'inis,  (F.)  Pubio- eternal,  Sterno- 
(Ch.),  Droit  de  V abdomen.  A  long  flat 
muscle,  situate  al  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
pnen,  and  separated  from  that  of  the  opposite  side 
l.y  the  tinea  alba.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
Cartilages  of  the  Inst  three  true  ribs;  and,  below, 
to  the  pubis  by  a  very  strong  tendon,  the  outer 
Bdge  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  fascia  trans- 
versalis.  This  muscle  is  enclose. 1  in  an  aponeu- 
rotic sheath  ;  and,  in  its  course,  has  three  or  four 
transverse  aponeurotic  intersections.  It  bends 
the  chest  on  the  pelvis,  and  conversely. 

Rectus  Anterior  Brevis,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
terims minor  —  r.  Anterior  longus,  R.  capitis  in- 
terims major- — r.  Capitis  anticus  longus,  11.  c 
in  tern  us  major. 

Recti  s  Capitis  Internus  Major,  R.  internua 
major  sen  anterior  long  us  sen  capitis  anti'cus 
Jong ue,  (F.J  Trachilo-baeilaire,  Grand  droit  an- 
de  fa  tite.  This  muscle  is  long  in  propor- 
tion to  its  breadth,  flat,  and  broader  above  than 
below.  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  and  arises  from  the  transverse 
the  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth 
cervical  vertebra?.     It  is  inserted  into  the  basilary 

-  of  the  occipital  hone. 

Rei  n  a  Capitis  Internus  Minor,  R.  interntu 
minor  .-I'll  anterior  brevie,  Ren'uent,  An'nuene, 
\  V.  Petit  trachilo-baeilaire,  Petit  droit  antirit  ur 
d.  lo  lite.  This  is  situate  deeper  than  the  last. 
It  is  thin,  flattened,  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
and  passes  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  body 
of  the  first  vertebra,  near  the  origin  of  the  trans- 
Verse  process,  to  be  inserted  into  the  basilary 
| 

Rectus  Capitis  Latera'lis,  A',  lateralis  sen 
lit  Fallo'pii,  Traneverea'lie  anti'cus  pri- 
viiih,  (F.)  TrachSlo-atloido-baeilaire,  AtloTdo- 
ipital  (Ch.),  Droit  Intend  <!<■  lo  tite. 
There  is  a  muscle  of  this  name  on  each  side  of 
the  head.  It  is  flat,  quadrilateral,  and  passes 
from  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occiput,  behind  the  jugular  fossa.  It  inclines  the 
head  to  one  side. 

-  Capitis  Posti'cus  Major,  R.  Major 
leu  Capitit  posti'cus  minor  (Albinus),  Spini-ax- 
oido-occi pita' lie,  (F.)  Axoido-oceipitale  (Ch.), 
'  droit  postirieur  de  lo  tite.  A  flat,  trian- 
gular muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.     It  extends  from  the  spinous 

-  of  the  second  cervical  vertebra  to  the 
external  surface  of  the  lower  semicircular  ridge 

of  the    occipital    hone.      This    muscle  extends  the 

lo  i  1.  inclines  it  to  one  side,  and  causes  it  to  ex- 
perience  a  rotary  motion,  which   directs    the    face 

to    it- 

IPITI8    POSTICUS    MlNOR,    /.'.    minor, 
Tnber-athftdo-occipital,      Atloido-occipital 

(Ch.),   Peril  droit  poetirieur  de  la  tfte.     A  flat, 


triangular  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  last,  which 
from  the  posterior  arch  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occipital  hone.       It  extends  the  head. 

Kkcti  s   Capitis    Posticus   Minor,   R.   c.  p. 

major  —  r.  Cruris,  K.  femoris. 

Recti's  Bxternus  Oc'uli,  Abductor  oculi,  7m« 
dignabun'due,   fndignato'riue,    Tracnn'dus, 
In  in    movent   eecun'due,    Orbit  oticien. 

All  the  recti  muscles  of  the  eye,  four  in  number, 
arise  from  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  and  are  in- 
serted into  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eve.  The 
Rectus  externut,  (F.)  Droit  externe,  Fraecible  on 
Abdncteur,  I8  divided,  at  its  posterior  extremity, 
into  two  portions,  one  of  which  is  attached  to  the 
outer  pari  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and  the  other 
to  tin'  Bphenoid  hone. 

Rb<  us  Fkm'oius,  Rectus  sen  Orac"ili$  ante- 
rior sen  crurie,  (F.)  ttio-rotulien,  Droit  antt- 
rieur  de  In  cuieee.  A  straight  muscle,  Ben  ted  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  from 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  patella.  This  muscle 
extends  the  leg  upon  the  thigh,  and  OOnversel}'. 
It  can,  also,  bend  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis  or 
carry  the  pelvis  forward. 

Rectus  Inferior  Ocult,  Depn  %'eor  oculi,  Tim'- 
idue,  Dep'rimene,  ffu'milie,  Oc'ulum  mo  vena  gnar- 
Sout-optico-sphino-scliroticien,  Droit  iu- 
firieur  ou  abaiseeur  de  Fail,  Muscle  humble, 
arises  below  the  optic  foramen,  from  the  sphenoid 
bone.      It  depresses  the  eye. 

Rectus  Internus  Oc'uli,  Addu'cens  oculi,  Bi- 
bito'riue,  Oculi  adductor,  Oculum  movent  primus, 
(F.)  Orbito-intusscliroticienf  Droit  interne  de 
Vofil  on  addnctenr  ou  bnveur.  It  arises  from  the 
sphenoid  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  foramen  opti- 
cum.    It  turns  the  eye  towards  the  nose. 

Rectus  Superior  Oculi,  Attol'lens  oculi  seu 
oc'ulum,  Leva' tor  scu  E leva' tor  oculi,  Superbus, 
Oeiduin  movens  tertius,  (F.)  Sus-optico-ephino- 
xcleroticien,  Droit  superieur  ou  JElivateur  de  I'teil, 
Didaigneux,  is  attached  to  the  circumference  of 
the  foramen  opticum. 

All  the  recti  muscles  are  concerned  in  the 
voluntary  motions  of  the  eye.  The  oblique  mus- 
cles have  been  supposed  by  Sir  C.  Bell  to  execute 
the  involuntary. [?] 

RECTUS  INFERIOR  Fkmoris,  Gracilis  —  r.  In- 
terims major,  R.  capitis  internus  major  —  r.  In- 
terims minor,  R.  capitis  internus  minor  —  r.  La- 
teralis, It.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Lateralis  Fallopii, 
It.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Major,  It.  capitis  posticus 
major     -  r.  .Minor,  R.  capitis  posticus  minor. 

RBCUBITORIUM,  Anaclinterium. 

RECUPERATION,  Restauratio, 

RECU'PERATIVE,  Been' per atory.  from  recti- 
peratio,  'recovery.'  Restorative.  Recovering. 
Belonging  to  recovery. 

RECUR' RENT,  Recur' renn,  from  rwurrere, 
(re,  and  currere),  'to  run  back.'  A  name  given 
to  several  arterial  and  nervous  branches,  which 
seem  to  re-ascend  towards  the  origin  of  the  trunk 
whence  they  emanate. 

Recurrent  Arteries.    This  name  has  been 

given  to  several    arteries  of  the  forear ind   to 

one  of  the  leg.  In  the  forearm,  there  are,  1.  The 
Itodiol  recurrent,  Artdre  ricurrente  de  Vipicon- 
dvle  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  superior  part 
of  the  radial,  and  ascends  between  the  supinator 
longus,  s.  brevis,  and  the  brachialis  internus.  2. 
The  anterior  cubital  recurrent,  A.  ricurrente  de 
I'ipitrochlie  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  upper 
and  inner  part  of  the  cubital,  and  ascend.-  be- 
tween the  pronator  teres  and  brachialis  internus. 
;;.  The  posterior  cubital  recurrent,  which  arises 
from    the    preceding   artery,   or   from    the   cubital 

Itself,  and  ascend-  between  the  oleorau md  in- 
ternal tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  1.  The  poste- 
rior radial  recurrent,  A.  ricurrente  olecrauicnue 


RECURVATIO 


92 


REGURGITATION 


(Ch.).  It  arises  from  the  posterior  interosseous,  | 
and  ascends  between  the  posterior  cubital  and 
anconeus  muscles.  In  the  leg, —  the  Arteria  re- 
current tibia' lia,  A.  r&cnrrente  du  genou  (Ch.),  is 
furnished  by  the  anterior  tibial,  and  ascends  to 
the  tibialis  antieus  muscle. 

Recdrrent  Bandages  are  formed  by  convo- 
lutions of  bandages,  which  make  a  kind  of  cap  for 
the  part — as  the  head — to  which  they  are  applied. 

RECURVATIO,  see  Hump. 

RECUTITUS.  Apella. 

REDBEAX,  Abrus  precatorius. 

REDBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Gaultheria, 
Panax  quinquefolium — r.  Bitter,  Cornus  Florida 
—  r.  Swamp,  Vaccinium  oxycoceos. 

REDGOWN,  Strophulus. 

RED  HEAD,  Asclepias  Curassavica. 

REDMAILKES,  Papaver  rhoeas. 

REDROD,  Cornus  sericea. 

RED  ROOT,  Celastrus,  Lachnanthes  tinctoria, 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

REDSHAXKS,  Polygonum  persicaria. 

RED  WATER  TREE,  see  Sassy  Bark. 

REDIMICULUM.  Diadema. 

REDINQOTES  ANGLAISES,  see  Condom. 

REDIXTEGRATIO,  Regeneration,  Restau- 
ratio. 

REDIVIA,  Paronychia. 

REDONDANCE,  Plethora. 

REDOUBLEMENT,*ExnQeThnt\on,VaToxjsm. 

REDRESSEUR  UTERIN,  Pessary,  intra- 
uterine. 

REDS.  Menses. 

REDUCTIO.  Reduction,  Taxis  — r.  Praeputii 
Impedita,  Phimosis. 

REDUCTION,  Reduc'tio,  Reposit"io,  Resti- 
tutio, Diap'lusis,  Diaplas'mus,  Syntax' is,  from 
redncere,  rednctum,  (re,  and  chicere,  ductiim,  '  to 
lead,')  'to  bring  back.'  A  surgical  operation,  the 
object  of  which  is  to  restore  displaced  parts  to 
their  original  situation.  Thus,  we  say  the  reduc- 
tion of  a  luxation,  when  the  displaced  parts  are 
asain  brought  to  their  proper  relative  situation. 
The  reduction  of  a  hernia  is  the  restoration  of  the 
protruded  parts  to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 
This  is.  also,  called  Taxis. 

In  pharmacy,  the  process  of  restoring  oxides, 
chlorides,  sulphurets,  <fec,  to  the  metallic  state. 

REDUXDAXTIA,  Plethora. 

REDUVIA,  Paronychia. 

REED  MACE.  Typha  latifolia. 

REFECTIO,  Restauratio. 

REFECTIVA,  Analeptica. 

RE  PECTUS.  Restauratio. 

REFICIEXTIA,  Analeptica. 

REFLECTION,  Redex'io,  (re,  and  flecto,  flec- 
tion, 'to  bend.')  A  bending  or  turning  back. 
Duplicature. 

REFLECTOR  EPIGLOT'TIDIS.  A  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  arytenoid  cartilage  and  in- 
ner part  of  the  thyroid,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
lateral  edires  of  the  epiglottis. 

REFLEX  MOYEMEXTS,  see  Motion— r.  Sys- 
tem of  nerves,  see  Excito-motory,  and  Xerves. 

REFLEXIO,  Reflection— r.  Palpebrarum,  Ec- 
tropion. 

REFORME,  Invaliding. 

REFRAC'TIOX,  Refrac'tio,  Phntocamp'sis, 
Dia'clasis,  from  re,  and  frangere,  fraction,  '  to 
break.'  The  change  of  direction  which  rays  of 
light  experience  when  they  pass  obliquely  from 
one  medium  into  another  of  different  density.  If  \ 
the  light  passes  from  a  rarer  to  a  denser  medium, 
it  approaches  the  perpendicular  raised  at  the  ] 
point  of  immersion.  The  contrary  occurs,  when 
it  goes  from  a  denser  to  a  rarer  medium.  The 
theory  of  lenses,  telescopes,  and  of  the  eye,  rests 
entirely  on  this  property  of  light. 


REFRIGERANT,  see  Alembic. 
REFRIGERANTS,  Refrigemn'tia,  Psi/eh'ti- 
ca,  Antither'ma,  Frigefacien'tia,  (F.)  Ra/ratchit- 

scuttx,  Rcfriijeratifs,  Desaitiranta,  from  re,  and 
frif/ere,  '  to  cool.'  Medicines  which  depress  the 
morbid  temperature  of  the  body.  The  chief  re- 
puted refrigerants  are  the  Potassae  Xitras  [?],  the 
Sodas  Boras  [?].  but  chiefly  the  abstraction  of 
caloric  by  ice  and  ice-drinks,  cold  water,  cold 
lemonades,  soda-water,  and  effervescing  draughts 
internally  ;  and  externally,  cool  air,  cold  water, 
evaporating  lotions,  and  frigorific  mixtures. 

REFRIGERATIFS,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIGERATOR,  see  Alembic. 

REGENERATIO,  Reproduction. 

REGEXERA'TIOX,  Regenera'tio,  Palingen- 
esis, Redintegra'tio,  from  re,  and  generare,  gene- 
ratum,  '  to  beget.'  Reproduction. of  a  part  of  the 
body,  which  has  been  destroyed. 

REG"IMEX,  (F.)  Regime,  from  regere,  'to 
govern/  The  rational  and  methodical  use  of 
food,  and  of  everything  essential  to  life;  both  in 
a  state  of  health  and  disease.  It  is  often  restricted, 
in  its  meaning,  to  Diet.  It  is  sometimes  used 
synonymously  with  hygiene. 

REGIME  SANITATRE  and  SYSTEME 
SANITAIRE,  mean  the  measures  and  regula- 
tions adopted  to  prevent  the  development  and 
propagation  of  diseases  reputed  to  be  pestilential, 
—  especially  plague,  yellow  fever,  and  cholera. 

REGIXA  PRATI,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

REGIO,  Region. 

Regio  Auricularis.     The  region  of  the  ear. 

Regio  Bucca'lis.     The  region  of  the  cheek. 

Regio  Cardiaca,  Epigastric  region. 

Regio  Cervica'lis.  The  region  of  the  neck. 
The  cervical  region. 

Regio  Epigastrjca,  Epigastrium. 

Regio  Facia'lis.     The  facial  region. 

Regio  Frontalis.     The  frontal  region. 

Regio  Gastrica,  Umbilical  region  —  r.  Hypo- 
gastrics, see  Hypogastrium  — r.  Hypochondriacs, 
Hypochondre  —  r.  Iliaca,  Iliac  region  — r.  Ingui- 
nalis,  Inguinal  region — r.  Ischiadiea,  Ischiadic 
region  —  r.  Jugalis,  Jugal  region  —  r.  Lumbalis, 
Lumbi — r.  Mentalis,  Mental  region — r.  Mesogas- 
trica.  Umbilical  region — r.  Xasalis,  Xasal  region 
— r.  Xucha?,  Xuchal  region — r.  Xuchalis,  Xuchal 
region — r.  Occipitalis,  Occiput — r.  Occipitalis  in- 
ferior, Xuchal  region  — r.  Perinaei,  Perin&eum  — 
r.  Praecordiaca,  Precordial  region — r.  Pubis, 
Pubic  region  —  r.  Stomachalis,  Epigastric  region 
— r.  Stomachica,  Epigastric  region — r.  Tempora- 
lis, Temple  —  r.  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  region. 

RE'GIOX,  Re'gio.  Same  etymon.  Anatomists 
have  called  regions,  determinate  spaces  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  or  of  different  organs.  Thus, 
the  abdomen  has  been  divided  into  several;  to 
which  different  names  have  been  given.  See 
Abdomen,  Epigastrium,  Hypochondrium,  Hypo- 
gastrium. 

REGION  OJIBILICALE,  Umbilical  region. 

REGIOXAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

REGLES,  Menses  —  r.  Bevies,  Menstruation, 
vicarious  —  r.  Difliciles,  Dysmenorrhea. 

REGL1SSE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

REGNE  ANIMAL,  see  Animal. 

REG'ULAR,  Regula'ris,  from  regula,  (regere, 
'to  govern,')  'a  rule.'  According  to  rule.  Ap- 
plied to  the  types  of  a  disease,  and  to  the  pulse, 
when  according  to  rule. 

Regclar  Practit"ioner.     One  who  practises 
his  profession  according  to  the  rules  established 
I  by  law  or  custom. 

REGULUS  AXTIMOXII,  Antimoniura. 

REGURGITA'TIOX,  Regttrgita'tio.     The  act 
;  by  which  a  canal  or  reservoir  throws  back  sub- 


lit,  IF 


93 


REMOR A 


stances  accumulated  in  it.  Mitral  regurgitation, 
for  example,  means  the  reflux  of  blood  through 
the  left  auricttlo-rentrieolaf  opening,  during  the 
contra,  tinn  of  the  left  ventricle.  Regurgitation 
is  sign  applied  to  the  puking  or  posmetting  of 
Infante;  and  to  the  rising  of  solids  or  fluid-  into 
the  mouth  in  the  adult.  —  from  re,  and  gorge, 
[yurgee),  'the  throat.'  (P.)  Rapport.  What  is 
called  •'  vomiting  at  pleasure"  is  regurgitation. 

The  substanees  brought  into  the  mouth  by  re- 
gurgitation, the  French  call  Bemvoie. 

EEIF,  Psora. 

RELY,  Kidney. 

REINE  DBS  PBES,  Spine*  nlmaria. 

REINERZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Rein- 
er* is  a  small  town  in  Silesia,  three  German  miles 
from  Glate.  The  waters  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beate*.  The  principal  springs  are  the  tepid 
drinking  spring,  the  cold  spring,  and  three  bath- 
ings, 

REINFORCE'MENT,  FASCICULUS  OF,  F. 
C'in"i'tit«.  A  hand  of  fibres  from  the  corpus  i*a- 
■nn,  or  lateral  part  of  the  antero-lateral 
Column  of  the  medulla,  which  is  continued  up  . 
behind  and  around  the  corpus  olivare.  is  lined  on 
its  inner  or  central  surface  with  cineritious  BUO- 
esnnee,  enlarges  as  it  asoenda,  passes  over  the 
upper  surface  of  the  pons  Varolii,  and  is  expanded 
into  the  optic  thalamus.  It  thus  forms,  in  its 
course,  the  anterior  paries  of  the  fourth  ventricle, 
and  is  brought  into  view  by  brushing  away  the 
tuberenhtm  cinereiim  or  gray  matter  of  the  ven- 
tricle. The  hand  has  received  these  names  owing 
to  its  constantly  increasing  as  it  ascends,  and  be- 
ing  mixed  up  with  gray  matter  on  its  inner  face, 
from  which  its  seems  to  derive  new  fibres. 

REINS,  Kidneys,  Lumbi. 

REJEC'TIO,  Anago'ge,  from  rejlcere,  rejectnm, 
(re,  and  fa  cere,  'to  east,')  'to  cast   hack.'      Every 
m  hy  the  mouth. — spitting,  expectoration, 
regurgitation,  or  vomiting. 

Rbjbctio   Sanguinis  e  Pclmoxibus,   Haemo- 

REJrVENES'CENCE.  Rejxrenescen'tin,  from 
rain.1  and   iuveneecene,  'growing   young:' 
[juvenis,  'a  youth'.)     A  renewal  of  youth.     The 
state  of  being  young  again.      The  assumption  of 
the  characteristics  of  youth  by  the  aged. 
BELACHANT,  Relaxant. 
BELACHBMENT,  Relaxation. 
RELAPSE,  Hypotfropi,   Epia'trophi,  Bypos'- 
trophe,   Morbi    recidi'va,   ffypotropias'mus,    from 
gain,'  and  labor,  lapsus,  '  I  fall  down.'    The 
return  of  a  disease,  during,  or  shortly  after,  con- 
•nce.      The   French    use    Rechnte    in    this 
and    Rieidive   (}forbns   recidi'vus)  for  the 

return  of  a  complaint,  at  a  greater  or  less  period 
after  the  complete  recovery  of  health. 

The  terms  Relapsing  fever,  Short  /ever,  FVw  - 
d"U  f       ■    "  ■    Bil'ious   Remittent 

/'.  milting  le'teric  fever,  and  Mild  Yellow 
fever,  V.  Fiiort  &  retkute,  have  Keen  uriven  to  a 
form  of  continued  fever,  whiefa  has  occasionally 
appeared  epidemically,  as  in  Edinburgh,  in  1843 
and  1847,  and  was  generally  attended  with 
icteric  symptoms.  The  main  phenomena  disap- 
i  at  about  the  end  of  a  week  :  but  in  many 
i  relapse  occurred  about  the  end  of  a  fort- 
night.     Eew  died  of  the  affection. 

RELAPSING  FEVER,  see  Relapse. 

RELATIO,  Rapport 

RELATION,  FUNCTIONS  OF.  see  Function. 

RBLAX'ANT,  Laxane,  Malacficum,  Chains' - 
tiriim,  Paret'ieum,  (P.)  Reldchant,  from  re,  and 
laxare,  'to  loosen.'  A  medicine  which  diminishes 


the  ten -ion   of  organs.     Mucilaginous  andfatty 
Substances  are  relaxants. 

RELAXAXTTA.  Emollients. 

RBI  VXATIO  CORDIS  ET  ARTERIARUM, 
Diastole. 

RELAXATION,  Befaxa'tio.  Same  etymon- 
Chala'sis,  Chalas'mos,  (P)  Reldchement.  In  Phy- 
siology, relaxation  is  opposed  to  contraction.  In 
Pathology,  it  means  great  looseness  of  a  part. 

RBLBVE-PAUPIERB,  An  instrument  for 
raising  the  eyelid. 

RELEVBUR  DE  VANUS,  Levator  ani  — 
r.  de  la  Lhere  inffrieure,  Levator  labii  inferioris 
—  r.  dn  Menton,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  r.  de 
fOmoplate,  Levator  scapulas  —  r.  de  In  Prostate, 
Levator  prostata  — r.  de  i'Urlthre,  Levator  ure- 
thra?. 

RELIG"IOUS   DISEASES,  (P.)  Maladies  re- 
-  affecting  the  nervous  By s  torn, 
and  arising  from  the  excitment  of  religious  emo- 
tions.    See  Convulsionnaire, 

RELIQUAT,  (F.)  The  remnant  or  remains 
of  a  disease. 

REMAK  FIBRES,  see  Fibres,  Remak. 

REMANSIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea. 

REMEDE,  Clyster,  Medicament—  r.  dm  Ca- 
puchin,  Liquor  bydrargyri  nitrici — r.  de  Durande, 
Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus  —  r.  du  Due 
d*Antin,  Liquor  bydrargyri  nitrici. 

REMEDIAL,  Medicinal. 

REMEDIATE,  Medicinal. 

REMEDILESS,  Incurable, 

REMEDIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament  — r.  Den- 
tifricium,  Dentifrice. 

REMEDY,  Medicament— r.  English,  Cinchona. 

REMISSIO,  Decline.  Remission  —  r.  Cordis  et 
Arteriarum,  Diastole  —  r.  Morbi,  Remission  —  r. 
Virium.  Atony. 

REMIS'SION,  Remis'si'o,  Epan'esis,  An'esis, 
Snbmis'sio,  Aph'esis,  En'dosis,  Meio'sis,  from  rf- 
mittere,  (re,  and  mittere,  missvm,  'to  send'), 
'to  relax.'  In  a  more  extensive  signification,  a 
temporary  diminution  of  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
ease, either  acute  or  chronic,  Remis'sio  morbi. 
Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms,  such  as 
occurs  in  a  remittent  fever  between  the  exacer- 
bations. 

REMETIC.  Medicament. 

REMITTENS  ICTERODES,  Fever,  yellow. 

REMITTENT.  Remiftens,  Same  etymon. 
Any  disease  which  presents  remissions. 

Remittent  of  Children,  Fever,  infantile  re- 
mittent. 

RxiflTTBJrr  Fever,  Fein's  remit' tens,  Epan'e- 
tus.  Exae"erbating,  paroxysmal,  sub-continual, 
endem'ic,  endem'ial  or  endem'ical  fever,  (P.)  Fii- 
rrr  rimittente,  is  one  which  strikingly  exacerbates 
and  remits,  but  without  intermission.  The  ordi- 
nary bilious  fever  of  the  United  States  is  a  simple 
remittent — Epnnetus  mitis,  (F.)  Ficvre  rimittente 
aim  pie. 

Remittent  Fever,  Bilious,  Remittent  fever, 
see  Relapse. 

Remitting  Icteric  Fever,  see  Relapse. 
REM'ORA, from  remwrari,  (re,  and  mora,  'do- 
lay,)  'to  arrest.1  E  rtngnation,  —  as  of 
blood.  Also,  the  name  of  two  surgical  instru- 
ments, intended  to  retain  parts  in  xitit.  The 
one  was  used,  formerly,  in  castration,  to  prevent 
the  intestines  from  protruding  at  the  inguinal 
ring;  the  other,  called  Remora  Hilda' \ 
Arret  d' Hiidan,  Bchene'is,  was  employed  to 
maintain  fractures  and  luxations  reduced.  It  is 
not  now  used. 


REX 


794 


REPRODUCTION 


Rrmora  Aratri,  Ononis  spinosa. 

REN,  Kidney. 

RENAL,  Rena'lis,  from  Ren,  'the  kidney.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  kidney. 

Rr.NAi,  Arteries,  E>nulg"eut.  Arteries,  are  very 
large  and  short,  and  commonly  two  in  number — 
one  to  each  kidney.  They  arise  from  the  sides 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  forming  with  it  a  right 
angle.  The  left  is  commonly  a  little  more  ante- 
rior and  elevated  than  the  right.  After  a  short 
course,  they  arrive  at  the  fissure  of  the  kidney, 
where  they  divide,  before  entering  it,  into  three 
or  four  very  considerable  branches. 

Renal  Capsule,  Capsule,  renal — r.  Nerve,  see 
Splanchnic  Nerves. 

Renal  Plex'uses,  Emuh/'ent  Plexuses.  These 
are  two  : — one  on  each  side.  They  proceed  from 
fasciculi  of  the  solar  and  coeliac  plexuses;  from 
the  outer  side  of  the  semilunar  ganglion  and  the 
final  expansion  of  the  small  splanchnic  nerves. 
These  plexuses  begin  by  three  or  four  ganglions, 
situate  at  the  commencement  of  the  renal  artery  ; 
and  they  give  off  from  their  circumference  many 
fine,  straight  filaments,  which  do  not  anastomose, 
and  which  enter  the  kidney  with  the  divisions 
of  the  renal  artery.  These  divisions  they  ac- 
company. 

Renal  Vetns,  Emulgent  Veins.  These  are 
very  large.  Their  roots  follow  the  same  course 
as  the  arteries  ijn  the  substance  of  the  kidney. 
In  the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion  of  the  kidney, 
they  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  passes 
transversely  inwards,  and  opens  at  the  side  of  the 
vena  cava  descendens. 

RENCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

REN'CULUS,  Renifi'ulus,  Ren'ulus,  diminutive 
of  Ren,  'a  kidney.'  A  small  kidney.  A  lobe  of 
the  kidney. 

RENDLES,  Rennet. 

RENEAL'MTA  ENALTA'TA.  Alpin'ia  exal- 
ta'ta  seu  tubula'ta.  A  plant  of  British  Guiana, 
"which  is  possessed  of  diaphoretic  and  diuretic 
properties  ;  and,  in  larse  doses,  is  emetic.  It  is 
much  used  there  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  dysen- 
tery, &c.  The  bruised  rhizoma  is  the  part  em- 
ployed. 

RENES  SUCCENTURIATI,  Capsules,  renal. 

RENICULUS,  Renculus. 

RENIFORM.  Nephroid. 

RENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal salines  in  the  department  of  Aube,  France, 
containing  carbonic  acid  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium.    Temperature  103  to  121°,  of  Fahr. 

RENNET,  Runnet,  Coug'nlum,  -vna,  irverta, 
Pytia,  Pyet'ia,  from  (G.)  gerinnen,  'to  coagu- 
late' [?],  (F.)  Caille-lait.  When  the  fourth  sto- 
mach or  Abomns)is  of  the  calf  is  salted  and  dried, 
it  possesses  the  property  of  coagulating  milk, 
when  a  portion  of  it  is  soaked  in  water,  and  the 
infusion  — Rennet,  Rendhs,  Ronning,  (Prov.) 
Earning,  Preaser,  Read,  Running,  Steep  —  is 
added  to  milk. 

Rennet  Whey,  see  Serum  lactis. 

RENOXCULE,  Ranunculus— r.  Eulbeuse,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus. 

REXOUEE,  Polygonum  avieulare  —  r.  Acre, 
Polygonum  hydropiper. 


RENO  FEUR,  (F.)  Rebouteur,  Rhabilleur,  from 
re,  and  nouer,  (nodus,  'a  knot,')  'to  tie  or  knit 
again.'  A  bone-doctor: — a  bone-setter.  One 
who  makes  a  trade  of  reducing  fractures  and 
dislocations. 

RENOVATIO,  Ananeosis. 

RENSSELAERIA  VIRGINICA,  Peltandra 
Virginica. 

RENUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

RENULUS,  Renculus. 

RENUM  ATONIA,  Nephratonia  —  r.  Paraly- 
sis, Nephratonia. 

RENUNCIATIO,  Rapport. 

RENVERSEMEXT  DE  LA  LAX  QUE,  Pa- 
raglossa  —  r.  de  la  Matrice,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the — r.  des  Paupieres,  Ectropion — r.  du  Rpctunt, 
Proctocele — r.  de  la  Vessie,  Exocyste,  Exstrophia 
of  the  bladder. 

REX  VO/S,  see  Regurgitation, 

REPANDATIO,  Lordosis. 

REPARATION,  Restauratio. 

REPAR'ATIVE,  Repar'atory.  Having  the 
power  of  restoring  or  repairing. 

REPELLENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPEL'LENTS,  Repellen'tia.  Repercutien'tia, 
Apocrus'tica,  Repercus' sites,  (F.)  Repercussifs, 
from  re.  and  pellere,  '  to  drive.'  Medicines  which, 
when  applied  to  a  tumefied  part,  cause  the  fluids, 
that  render  it  tumid,  to  recede,  as  it  were,  from 
it.  Astringents,  cold  water,  ice,  &c,  are  repel- 
lents. 

REPERCUSSIFS,  Repellents. 

REPERCUSSIO,  Contra-fissura,  Repercussion. 

REPERCUS'SION,  Repercus'sio,  Anac'lasis, 
from  re,  and  pcrcutio,  percussum ,  (per,  and  quntere, 
'to  shake  or  batter,')  'I  strike  back.'  Disap- 
pearance of  a  tumour  or  cutaneous  eruption,  in 
J  consequence  of  the  application  of  a  repellent. 
The  action  of  a  repellent  remedy.  The  French 
writers  use  the  term  Delitescence,  Delitescen'tia, 
for  the  sudden  disappearance  of  a  tumour,  in- 
flammation, eruptive  disease,  or  purulent  collec- 
tion, without  the  disease  occurring  in  any  other 
part  of  the  body:  in  this  respect  delitescence 
differs  from  metastasis  :  Delitescence  of  an  inflam- 
mation or  'sudden  disappearance'  is  distinguished 
by  certain  French  pathologists  from  Resolution. 
Repercussion  also  means  Ballottement. 

REPERCUSSIVES,  Repellents. 

REPERCUTIENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPLETION,  Fulness.  Plethora. 

REP  LI   LOXGITUDINAL    DE   LA    lift- 

XIXGE,  Falx  cerebri. 

REPOSITIO,  Anaplasis,  Reduction,  Taxis. 

REPOUSSOIR,  Punch— r.  d' Aretes,  Probang. 

REPRIMENS,  Epischeticus. 

REPRODUCTION,  Reproduc'tio,  Regenera'- 
tio,  from  re,  and  producere,  production,  (pro,  and 
ducere.)  The  function  by  which  living  bodies 
produce  bodies  similar  to  themselves.  See  Gene- 
ration. As  a  general  remark,  it  will  be  found 
true,  that  the  larger  animals  are  uniparons  ;  and 
the  smaller,  which  are  more  exposed  to  destruc- 
tion, multiparous.  The  mammalia  being  of  the 
same  natural  class  as  man,  it  may  be  useful  to 
compare  them  in  this  respect. 


REPRODUCTION 


70 


RES   CO.NTBA-NATURAM 


COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  B Kl'KODlCTIOX  IN  THE  CLASS  MAMMALIA. 


Sjxaes. 


Pri  mules. 

Man '• 

Monkeys    large) 

I'  >         (long  tailed) 

Corn  I ror/i. 

It.nr 

I'.n.'L'.T 

Hedgehog 

Parrel 

Oiler 

Pole-cat, 
Marten, 

I.  and 
Krnim.\ 
Didelphus,         l 

Philander,         ) 
Lion 

/ 

Leopard  \ 

Lvnx  

Wild  Cat    

Wolf     

Pag,  in  ill.-  moat  / 
natural  state,    \ 

Poa 

Jackall   

raatis 

l'lmca   


Rodent ia. 

Squirrel 

PI  vine  Squirrel- 
Ondatra  




Bare 

Rabbit 

H.t 

M 

Marmot  .  . . . 
Guinea  Pig. 

Dormouse  . . 


Edentata. 
Armadilla 


Ruminautia. 

Camel.. 

Dromedary 

Buffalo    ..' 



Lama 

Reindeer  

Buck  and  Hoe  

Roebuck   

Bairn    Intel 
Chamois  and  WildGoal 



Musimon  

Bbeep  


Solipedes. 


\m  .. 


Pachydermata. 
Bog 

Rlephant   

Rhii ••■  ■ 

Ilippnpntamua   ... 



e  eapohlfl  of  en- 

Ci  llileruis 


14  years 
A  years 

•J   \  t'.IIS 


year 


1  year 

11  months 


before  1  year 


•J  \  ears 
Do. 

before  I  year 

•J  \  cars 
Id  months 

l  \  ear 


1  vear 


G  months 
Do. 
Do. 


5  to  6  weeks 
1  year 


4  years 
Do. 

3  years 

2  years 

3  years 
2  years 

Do. 
1  year 

Do. 

Do. 
r  year 
1  year 


;  vears 
Do. 
Do. 


9  months  or  1  year 
10  years  (?) 

irs  (?) 


Duration 


Number  of  rnuna  at 

sack  initii 


Psriod 

tin-  iiiinti 


9  months 
7  months 

tj  mouths 


11 -J  days 

1  mo.  and  11)  days 
Do. 

3  months 


5G  days 


3  to  4  months 
3  months 
9  weeks 

5li  days 
73  days 

G3  days 

2  months 

Do. 
G3  days 

3  months  (?) 


45  days 


4  months 
30  days 
Do. 

5  or  G  weeks 
I  month 
G  weeks 
3  weeks 


11  months  or  1  y'r 

Do. 

9  months 

Do. 


8  months 

Do. 
5  months 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


200  davs 
Do." 
Do. 


4  months 
to  11  months 


I  to  3  j 

Do.     '. 
Do.     S 


1  to  4 
3  to  4 
3  to  o 
5  to  9  iw  ire  a  year 
3  to  4 


3  to 


3  to  4 

4  to  5 

3  to  4 

4  to  ti 

5  to  9 

3  to  G 
Do. 

5  to  B 
ii  to  7 
2  to  3 


3  to  4  t\\  ice  a  Near 
3  to  4 
3  to  5 

•_'  to  :< 

l  2  to  4  several  ) 
(  times  a  vear   | 

4  to  8  do. 

5  to  6  do. 

Do. 

2  to  4 

5  to  8  times  a  year 

3  to  5 


4  times  a  year 


1 

1 

1 

1  to  2 

Do. 

1 

1  to  2 

Do. 

Do. 

1,  2.  and  3 

Do. 

1  to  2 

Do. 


1  to  2 
Do. 
Do. 


10  to  90 
1  or  2 
1  or  2  (?) 


At    :i   some*  ha'    ad 
vanced  ace. 


23  to  3fl  yfara, 

SO  to  .'.".  j  ears. 

Produces  during  life. 


e  to  ID  years. 


10  yean.  (?) 

20  to  35  J  ears. 
Do. 

9  years, 

15  to  2<i  years. 

15  years. 

lo  or  IS  years. 


Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

Lives  6  years. 

Lives  8  years. 

Lives  8  or  !i  years. 

Produces  during  life. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


7  to  8  years.  (?) 


40  to  50  years. 

Do.' 
15  to  18  years. 
9  years. 
12  yearn. 
Lives  ii>  year*. 

Lives  \i:>  or  30  year*. 
Lives  12  or  15  ye  us. 

Lives  15  or  20  years. 
Lives  I-  or  20  years, 

7  yea  is. 

8  or  10  years. 
8  yeais. 


25  or  30  vears. 
Do." 
Do. 


15  vears. 
Lives  70  years.  (?) 

Lives  60  years.  (?) 


REPRODUCTION  ME~RISMATIQUEt  see 

-•ion. 
REPULSORIUM,  Punch, 

'UROA'TIO,  Amaeathar'9i§,  from  rr,  and 
nnrgare,  '  to  cleat  itelli  — 

purgation  by  transpiration  or  bj  expectoration. 
Medicines  producing  this  effect  are  called  Repur- 
gan'iin. 

Rl  QUIES,   ^cinesia. 
REQl  [ETIO,  Acinesfa. 


RES  CONTRA-NATU'RAM.   'Things* 

nature,'  i V. )  <'Ii<>kih  eotttn  -iiiiturt .  me  those  things 
Which  tend  to  destroy  man  j — as  di.»ea.-e,  and 
every  thing  connected  with  it. 

R]  s   I'm  [MARIA,  Culinary  art — r.  Mcdicn,  Me- 
dicina. 

Rbb  Natdra'leb,  (F.)  Cho»t»  nattireliet. 
things,  which,  by  their  union,  were  conceived  to 
constitute   the   nature   of  man:   BUCD   as   the   ele- 
ments, temperaments,  humours,  spirits,  Ac. 


RESEA U 


796 


RESPIRATION 


Res  non  Natura'le*,  (F.)  Choses  non-natu- 
relies.  Those  tilings  which,  anciently,  formed 
the  matter  of  hygiene.     See  Non-naturals. 

Res  Venerea,  Coition — r.  Vestiaria,  Vestitus. 

ROSEAU,  Rete,  Reticulum  —  r.  Admirable, 
Rete  mirabile — r.  Intermidiare,  see  Corpus  spon- 
giosum urethrse  —  r.  Merveilleux,  Rete  mirabile. 

RESECTIO,  Resection  —  r.  Articulorum,  see 
Resection. 

RESECTION,  Resec'tio,  from  resecare,  resec- 
tum,  (re,  and  aecare,)  '  to  cut  off.'  A  name,  given, 
especially  by  the  French  surgeons,  to  operations 
in  which  the  carious  extremities  of  long  bones,  or 
the  unconsolidated  extremities  of  fractured  bones 
forming  irregular  joints,  are  removed  with  the  saw. 
■ — Reseetio  articulo'rum,  Decapita'tio  articulu'rum. 

RESECTION,  see  Amputation. 

RESEDA  CRISPATA— r.  Luteola— r.  Lanceo- 
lata —  r.  Luteola. 

Rkse'da  Lute'ola,  R.  lanceola'ta  seu  crispa'ta, 
Lute'ola,  Weld,  Dyer's  Weed.  A  European  plant 
naturalized  in  the  United  States,  which  was  at 
one  time  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  diuretic. 

RESERANS,  Aperient, 

RESERVE  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESERVOIR  DE  LA  RILE,  Gall-bladder 
■ — r.  du  Chyle,  Receptaculum  chyli  —  r.  des  Lar- 
mes,  Lachrymal  sac — r.  of  Pecquet,  Receptaculum 
chyli — r.  de  Pecquet,  Receptaculum  chyli — r.  of 
the  Thymus,  see  Thvmus. 

RESIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

RESIDUAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESIMUS,  Camus. 

RESIN,  Resi'na,  Rheti'ne,  (F.)  Resine.  A  ve- 
getable product,  commonly  dry  and  concrete, 
more  or  less  brittle,  inodorous  or  slightly  odorous, 
insipid,  or  of  an  acrid  warm  taste;  of  a  smooth, 
glassy  fracture,  heavier  than  water,  inflammable, 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and 
yolk  of  egg,  and  negatively  electrifiable  by  fric- 
tion. Many  resins  are  used  in  medicine;  the 
greater  part  are  purgative  and  irritating.  Some 
act  like  acrid  poisons. 

Resin,  Acaroid,  see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  Botany 
Bay,  see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc 

—  r.  of  New  Holland,  see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  of 
the  Spruce  fir,  see  Pinus  abies  —  r.  of  Xanthor- 
rhoea, see  Xanthorrhoea. 

RESINA,  Resin  —  r.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies, 
Pinus  picea  —  r.  Abietis  humida,  see  Pinus  abies 

—  r.  Abietis  sicca,  see  Pinus  abies — r.  Acaroides, 
see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  Alba,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
r.  Alba  humida,  see  Pinus  Abies — r.  Cayennensis, 
Caoutchouc — r.  Copal,  Copal — r.  Elastica,  Caout- 
chouc—  r.  Flava,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Fluida 
Canadensis,  see  Pinus  balsamea — r.  Jalapae,  Ex- 
tractum  jalapae  resinosum — r.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 

—  r.  Laricis,  see  Pinus  larix  —  r.  Lentiscina,  see 
Pistachia  lentiscus  —  r.  Liquida  pini  balsameae, 
see  Pinus  balsamea  —  r.  Liquida  pini  laricis,  see 
Pinus  larix  —  r.  Lutea  Novi  Belgii,  see  Xanthor- 
rhoea—  r.  Nigra,  Colophonia  —  r.  Pini,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  r.  Pini  empyreumatica  liquida,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Pini  abietis  sponte  concreta, 
see  Pinus  abies — r.  Strobilina,  see  Pinus  balsamea, 
and  Pinus  mughos — r.  Terebinthi,  see  Pistacia 
terebinthus. 

RESINA'TUM,  Rhetino'ton.  An  epithet  for 
wine  impregnated  with  resin,  and  used  by  the 
ancients  as  a  stomachic. 

RESIXE,  Resin  —  r.  de  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc 

—  r.  Ela8tique,  Caoutchouc  —  r.  de  Ga'iae,  see 
Guaiacum — r.  Gornart,  see  Bursera  gummifera — 
r.  de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  helix. 

RESINOCE'RUM,  Rhetinoee'ron,  from  nrjrtvr,, 
'resin,'  and  xrjpos,  'wax.'  A  mixture  of  resi.i  and 
wax.  —  Galen. 

RESINOSA,  in  Pharmacy,  resinous  substances. 


RESOLUTIFS,  Discutients. 

RESOLUTIO,  Resolution— r.Membrorum,  Pa- 
ralysis. 

Rksolutio  MoriBi.  The  resolution  or  disap- 
pearance of  a  disease;  especially  when  without 
any  critical  evacuation. 

Resolutio  et  Diabkosis  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia — r.  Nervorum,  Paralysis  —  r.  Yen triculi 
autopeptica,  Gastromalacia — r.  Virium.  Dialysis. 

RESOLU'TION,  Resolu'tio,  Discus'sio,  from 
resolvere,  (re  and  solvere,  solutum,  'to  loosen.') 
Removal  or  disappearance,  as  of  a  disease.  Re- 
solution is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflamma- 
tion, in  which  the  inflamed  part  returns  gra- 
dually, and  without  suppuration,  to  the  healthy 
condition. 

RE  SOL  UTION  DES  ME  MERES,  Paralysis. 

RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients. 

RES'ONANCE,  (F.)  Retentissement,  Reson- 
nance,  Resonnement,  from  re,  'again/  and  sono, 
'  I  sound.'  '  A  return  of  sound.'  A  resounding ; 
a  reverberation  of  sounds.  A  thrilling  of  the 
voice  more  loud  than  natural;  or  its  existence  in 
a  part  where  it  is  not  heard  in  health,  —  as  de- 
tected by  auscultation.  A  thickened  and  hard- 
ened state  of  the  lungs,  caused  either  by  a  mass 
of  crude  tubercles,  or  by  inflammation,  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  produce  this  phenomenon,  by 
rendering  the  lung  a  better  conductor  of  the 
murmur  of  the  voice  in  the  bronchi.  Hence  the 
origin  of  the  term  Rronchoph'ony,  from  /fyoy^os, 
'bronchus,'  and  tpuvn,  'the  voice;'  (F.)  Voix 
bronchi  que,   Yolx  tubaire,   V.  bourdonnante. 

Resonance  is  also  used  in  the  sense  of  resound- 
ing ;  as  when  the  chest  is  said  to  be.  resonant  on 
percussion. 

Resonance,  Vesic'itlo-Tympanit'ic,  see  Vesi- 
culo- tympanitic — r.  Vibrations  of,  see  Sound. 

RESONITUS,  Contra-fissura. 

RES'ONANT,  Res'onans,  Res'onus,  (F.)  i?e- 
tentissant,  Resonnant.  Resounding.  See  Reso- 
nance. 

RESONXANCE,  Resonance. 
■RESOXXEMEXT,  Resonance. 

RESORBENS,  Absorbent. 

RESORPTIO,  Absorption,  Resorption  — r.  Cu- 
tanea, see  Absorption  — r.  Cutis,  see  Absorption. 

RESORP'TION,  Resorp'tio,  from  resorbere,  re- 
sorption, (re,  'again,'  and  sorbere.)  'to  absorb 
again.'  Absorption  of  a  fluid  which  has  been 
previously  deposited  in  a  part  by  the  exhalants, 
as  of  pus,  blood,  serum,  &c. 

RES'PIRABLE,  Respirab'ilis.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Respiration.  Capable  of  being  breathed. 
Adapted  for  respiration. 

RESPIRAMEN,  Respiration. 

RESPIRAMENTUM,  Respiration. 

RESP1RATEUR,  Respirator,  Respiratory. 

RESPIRATIO,  Respiration  —  r.  Abolita,*Ap- 
ncea — r.  Brevis,  Dyspnoea — r.  Difficilis,  Dyspnoea 
—  r.  Stertens,  Stertor  —  r.  Stertuosa,  Stertor. 

RESPIRA'TION,  Respira'tio,  Anap'noe,  from 
respiro,  (re,  and  spiro,)  '  I  take  breath.'  Anap- 
neu'sis,  Pneu'sis  spiru'tio,  Respira' men,  Respira- 
mentum,  Resjjira'tus,  Respir'itus,  Spir'itus.  A 
function  proper  to  animals,  the  object  of  which 
is,  to  place  the  materials  of  the  blood — the  mix- 
ture of  the  venous  blood  with  lymph  and  chyle — 
in  contact  with  atmospheric  air,  in  order  that  it 
may  acquire  the  vivifying  qualities  which  belong 
to  arterial  blood.  The  organs  for  executing  this 
function  are,  in  the  mammalia,  birds,  and  rep- 
tiles, the  lungs.  In  man,  the  respiration  consists 
of  mechanical  and  chymical  phenomena.  The 
mechanical  are  Inspiration  and  Expiration.  The 
evident  chymical  phenomena  consist  in  the  form- 
ation of  a  certain  quantity  of  carbonic  acid,  the 
absorption  of  a  part  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air,  and 


I,  ESPIRA  TIOX  BR  0XCII1 Q  UE 


RETEXTIO 


the  disengagement  of  a  quantity  of  water  in  the 
Mate  of  vapour.  In  the  healthy  condition  the 
respiration  ia  easy,  gentle,  regular,  and  without 
noise.  In  man.  the  respirations  are  generally 
35  per  minute  in  the  first  year  of  life;  2."> 
_  the  second;  20  at  puberty  ;  and  IS  in  .the 
adult 

The    air  of  respiration  has  been  divided  into 
flrxt.  the  residual  air,  or  that  which  cannot  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs,  hut  remains  after  a  full  and 
forcible  expiration,  estimated  at  120  onbic inches: 
/.  the  supplementary  or  reserve  .air  or  that 
which  can  he  expelled  by  a  forcible  expiration, 
after  an  ordinary  outbreathing,  rained  at   130  en- 
hie  inches  :  thirdly,  the  breath,  tidal  or  breathing 
air,  valued  at  26  cubic  inches:  wuA  fourthly,  the 
nentary  or  complemental  air.  or  that  which 
Inhaled  after  an  ordinary  inspiration,  which 
amounts  to  KM)  cubic  inches.      This  estimate  gives 
2.')0  cubic  inches    as   the  average  volume  of  air 
which  the  chest  contains  after  an  ordinary  expi- 
ration. 

RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUS,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory. 

1;  spiratioh,  Broroho-Vrrio'ulaR.  A  raor- 
hid  modification  of  the  respiratory  murmur, 
having  more  or  less  of  the  characters  of  the  bron- 
chial and  the  vesicular  respiration  combined.  It 
denotes  incomplete  solidification  of  the  lung,  as 
from  the  presence  of  tubercle.  —  Flint. 

•IRATIOM  of  tiif.   Cf.u.s.  .Murmur,  respira- 
tory—  r.  Cogged-wheel,  Respiration,  jerking  —  ;•. 
Entrecoupie,  Respiration,  jerking  —  >•.  Exagirie, 
tee  Puerile  —  /•.  HypervMculaire,  see  Puerile. 
Respiration,  Jerking,  Cogged-wheel,  >>r  Wavy 
ttioa,   (P.J    R.    Saccadie   ou    Eutreeoupie, 
AN 'hen  the  murmur  of  inspiration, in  place  of  being 
continuous,  is  interrupted  as  by  starts,  it  is  called 
'jerking.'      It  i.~  a  concomitant  of  incipient  pleu- 
urndynia,  spasmodic  asthma,  and  tuber- 
culosis of  the  lung  with  corresponding  pleuritic 
adhesion.  — Walshe. 

RESPIRATION,  LUUTUEUSE,  see  Luetu- 
enx — r.  Metallic,  Tintemeni  mStallique — r.  Nulle, 
mur,  respiratory. 
Respiration    Proof,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 
RESPIRATION,  PUERILE,  see  Puerile  — 
Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Rude, 
pee  Murmur,  respiratory — r.  Silt-uric,,*,',  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory  —  >•.  Saccadie,  R.  jerking — ;•. 
Soufflante,  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Supplimen- 
see  Puerile — r.  Tubal,  see  Murmur,  respira- 
tory—  r.  Wavy,  Respiration,  jerking. 
RESPIRA  TOIRE,  Respiratory. 
RESPIRA'TOR,  (F.)  Reepiratenr.     Same  ety- 
mon.     Various   instruments,   nnder   this   name. 
.11  devised  for  the  purpose  of  temperinir 
the   air   before    it    reaches    the    lungs    in    winter. 
One  of  the  best  is  that  of  Jeffrey,  which  ia  made 
ril  layers  of  fine  wire  tissue. 
RBSPIRATORIUM   VENTRIS,  Diaphragm. 
RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory. 
RES'PIRATORY,  Reipirato'nH*,  (P.)  Respi- 
.    Respiratoire,     Appertaining    to    respira- 
tion.    An  epithet  applied  to  the  murmur  heard  by 
auscultation    in   a    healthy   adult,  during   inspira- 
tion and  expiration.     It  marks  the  entrance  "I' 
the  air  into  the  cells,  and  it.-  pas-age  out  of  them. 
See  Murmur. 

Rl  BP1RATORT,  EXTKR9AL,  Nbrye,  see  Thoracic 
• 

■  itort  <i  \Noi.i  \.  see  Encepbalon. 

:v.  I  v  i  brh  \i .  N  i  ■•  i  b,  I  dapbrag- 
matic  Nerves — r.  Nerve  of  the  faoe,  Pacial  Nerve 
—  r.  Superior,  nerve,  Spinal  Nerve. 

•iratory  Tract,  Traeiu*  reepirato'riue. 
The  middle  column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  whence  the 
respiratory  nerves  originate.     See  Net'. 


RESPIR  ITUS,  Respiration. 
RESPIRITUS,  Respiration. 

'.•/:/.'.      I  L.XTHt:,)  Constipation. 
REST  v   BOVIS,  Ononis  spinoaa. 
RES  l  iGNATIO,  Eructation. 

RESTA1    R  \\S.  Analeptic.  Corroborant. 
RESTAURA'TIO,   Re/ec'tio,   Re/m/tue,    A*a- 


lep't 


Aunt, 


Anacom'idi ,  AnalU 


[poeatae'taeie.  Restoration  of  strength, 
after  disease  or  greal  fatigue;  Epanortho'rie,  Re- 
crca'tio,  Redintegra'tio,  Rett  aura' tiovirium.      R< 

turn    of   the    organs    to    their   normal    condition. 
'/•//,  Recupera'tion,  Repara'tion, 

Rl  Mi  \i  RATIO  VlRIUM,  see  Restauratio. 

REST   II  vRROW,  On  mis  spinoea. 

l;  1  ST1 1  PI  >R  M  'IS,  from  rathe,  •  a  rope,'  and/or- 
ma,  '  shape.'  Shaped  like  a  rope,  as  the  '  Corpora 
r<  triformia,' 

Rkstifoiimis  ProCRBBUB,  Coracoid. 

R  EST  I  1  I  Til  ),  Reduction— r.  Organica,  Morio- 
plastice — r.  Partium  deperditarum,  Morioplaetice. 

RESTLESSNESS,  Agitation. 

RESTORATION,  Restauratio. 

RESTORATIVE,  Analeptic,  Corroborant. 

RESTRICTIO  INTESTINI  RECTI  seu  AXI, 
Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RESUMPTI'VUS,  Resumpto'riue ;  from  re, 
'  again.'  and  eumere,  sumptum,  '  to  take.'  Causing 
to  resume.  Resumpti'vum,  Any  agent  calculated 
to  restore  flesh  and  strength  to  one  who  has  been 
reduced. 

RESTJMPTORIUS,  Resumptivus. 

R  ESDR  R  ECT 1 ON-MA  N,  Resurrectionist. 

R  E  S  U  R  R  E  C'T  I  0  N  I  S  T,  RemrreeHon-mm, 
Rtnly  enatcher i  from  re,  and  sitrgrre,  eurreetum, 
•to  arise.'  An  individual  who  violates  the  sanc- 
tuary of  the  grave  to  obtain  subjects  for  dissec- 
tion. 

RESUSCITA'TION,  Remtcita'tio,  from  resus- 
eita're,  [re,  and  §ueeitaref  eursum  citare  sen  ciere,) 
'to  move  up,'  *  to  stir  up  anew.'  Revivifica'titm, 
The  restoration  of  persons,  apparently  dead,  to 
lit.'.     See  Asphyxia  and  Suffocation. 

RETCHING,  Vomiturition. 

RETE,  Plexus  —  r.  Malpighii,  Corpus  muco- 
sum. 

Rrtr,  'a  net;'  (Retic'ufnm,  « a  small  net,') 
Diet' if  an,  (V.)  Rfeean.  A  name  given  to  the  in- 
terlacing and  decussation  of  blood-vessels,  lym- 
phatics, lil. res,  and  nerves  when  they  form  a  kind 
of  network. 

R«T1  has  also  been  applied  to  the  epiploon. — 
Castelli. 

Rrtr  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro-eolie. 

Rl  if.  MlRAB'lLE,  (F.)  Rf*mu  admirable,  R. 
merveiUeHX.  A  name  given  to  the  ramifications 
and  anastomoses  of  the  internal  carotid  and  ver- 
tebral arteries  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

RbtS  MirabilI  sen  Rbtb  \  \- 'bum  M.M.- 

PIG'HII  is  the  plexus  funned  on  the  cells  of  the 
lungs  by  the  minute  ramifications  of  the  pulmo- 
nary artery. 

Kin.  Mt'cosuw,  Corpus  mucosnm. 
Miii:  Ti.stis,  Reti  Voeeulo'wm  Teeth  sen 
Halleri.  An  irregular  plexus  or  network,  formed 
by  the  communication  of  the  Vaea  recta,  Ta'buli 
sen  Due'tuli  recti,  at  the  upper  and  back  part  of 
the  testicle.     These  Vasa  recta  are  sent  out  at 

the  back  part  of  the  testicle,  from  the  convoluted 

seminal  tubes.  The  Rete  Vasoulosum  t<-sti>  Bendi 
out  from  twelve  to  eighteen  straight  tubes,  called 
Vaea  efferentia,  which  convey  the  semen  from 
the  testes  to  the  epididymus. 

RETENTIO,  Retention  —  r.  Aerea,  Dyspnoea 
—  r.  Alvina,  Constipation  —  r.  Bilis,  Ischocbolia. 

Mi  n  HTIO     I'll  \  i  s     Hi  HORRBOlOAl  IB.        Sup- 

■i  of  the  bsemnrrhoidal  (lux. 
Rktrntio  I'«i  ii  b,  Dystocia — r.  Lactis, Ischoga- 
laotia — r.  Lochiorum.  Iscbioloohia  —  r.  Mensium, 


RETENTION 


798 


RETROPHARYNGEAL 


see  Amenorrhoea  —  r.  Spermatis,  Ischosperraia  — 
r.  Sudoris,  Hydroschesia. 

RETEX'TION,  Reten'tio,  Apolep'»itt%Apolep'- 

sis.  from  retinere,  rcteutum,  (re,  and  tenere,)  '  to 
hold  back.'  Accumulation  of  a  solid  or  liquid 
substance,  in  canals  intended  for  its  excretion,  or 
in  a  reservoir,  intended  to  contain  it  for  a  short 
period. 

Retention-  of  Urine:  Paru'ria  Retentio'uis 
veaica'lit,  Iacku'ria  vesica'lis,  Retentio  I  ri'ncB, 
V . .  Ritention  d' urine.  A  disease  in  which  the 
urine  accumulated  in  the  bladder  cannot  bo  evac- 
uated; or,  at  least,  cannot  be  passed  without 
extreme  difficulty.  In  the  former  case,  the  re- 
tention is  said  to  be  complete ;  in  the  latter,  tn- 
cumplete.  Many  writers  have  distinguished  three 
degrees  of  this  affection,  to  which  they  have  given 
the  names  Dysury,  Strangury,  and  Ischury.  Re- 
tention of  urine  may  depend  upon  loss  of  con- 
tractility, paralysis  of  the  bladder,  <fcc,  or  on 
some  obstacle  to  the  passing  of  the  urine,  as  in 
cases  of  pressure  of  the  womb  on  the  bladder,  of 
tumours  in  its  vicinity,  foreign  bodies  in  its  cavity, 
inflammation  of  the  urethra,  swelling  of  the  pros- 
tate, stricture,  <fcc.  The  pain  is  extremely  violent, 
and  the  bladder  may  be  found  distended  above 
the  pubis.  The  treatment  consists  in  introducing 
the  catheter,  or  puncturing  the  bladder,  and  in 
combating  the  cause,  which  has  produced  the  re- 
tention, by  particular  means  adapted  to  each  case. 
RETE'XT/SSAXT,  Resonant. 
RETEXTISSEMEXT,  Resonance  —  ?-.  Auto- 
phom'que,  see  Autophonia. 
RETIA  UTERI,  see  Uterus. 
RETICULAR,  Re'tiform,  Reticularis,  Ret'- 
inus,  AmphiblestroV  des,  Dycto'i'des,  Retifor'mis, 
from  rete,  (diminutive  reticulum,)  'a  net.'  That 
which  resembles  a  net.  An  epithet  applied  to 
many  structures  in  the  body. 

Reticular  Rody,  Corpus  mucosum  —  r.  Sub- 
stance. Cellular  tissue. 

RETICULARIS  OFFICINALIS,  Lichen  pul- 
lnon  arias. 

RETICULUM:  diminutive  of  rete,  'a  net.' 
The  Bonnet  or  Honeycomb  bag  or  stomach,  (Sc.) 
Kingshood,  (F.)  Bonnet,  Reseau —  the  second  sto- 
mach of  the  ruminant  animal.  See  also,  Epiploon, 
and  Rete. 

Reticclt-m    Cutaneum,    Rete    mucosum — r. 
Macosum,  Rete  mucosum. 
RETIFORM,  Reticular. 

RET'INA,  from  rete,  'a  net;'  Tu'nicn  ret'ina 
seu  reticularis  seu  retifor'mis  seu  in'tima  seu 
uer'vea  oc'idi,  Tnvolu'crum  reti  compara'tum,  Yer- 
ricitla'rie  membra1 na,  Amphiblestro'i'des  membra- 
titt,  (F.)  Refine.  A  soft,  pulpy,  grayish,  semi- 
transparent,  very  thin  membrane:  extending 
from  the  optic  nerve  to  the  crystalline,  embracing 
the  vitreous  humour,  and  lining  the  choroid  : 
without,  however,  adhering  to  either  of  those 
parts.  It  terminates  by  a  defined  edge  —  margo 
denta'tus — at  the  posterior  extremities  of  the 
ciliary  processes.  It  is  constituted,  according  to 
most  anatomists,  by  the  expansion  of  the  optic 
nerve.  The  retina  appears  to  be  formed  of  seve- 
ral laminae  :  so  joined  together,  that  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  discriminate  them.  The  one  —  the  inner- 
most—  is  medullary,  and  pulpy;  the  other — the 
outer — is  stronger,  and  fibro-vascular.  The  retina 
is  the  essential  organ  of  vision  :  on  it  the  images 
of  objects  are  impressed.  Roth  it  and  the  optic 
nerve  are  devoid  of  general  sensibility.  They 
may  be  punctured  or  lacerated  without  pain  being 
experienced.  The  nerve  of  general  sensibility 
distributed  to  the  eye  is  the  fifth  pair. 

RETINACULA/see  Retinaculum  —  r.  Mor- 
gaLrnii.  see  Fraena  of  the  valve  of  Rauhin. 

RETINACULUM,  from  retinere,  (re,  and  te- 
uere,)    '  to  hold  back.'     A   surgical    instrument, 


formerly  used  in  the  operation  of  castration  ;  and 

I  in  that  of  hernia,  to  prevent  the  intestines  from 

falling  into  the  scrotum.  —  Scultet.     Retinacufa 

are  also  band-like  extensions  of  a  cellulo-mem- 

branous  structure,  which    seem    to    suspend  the 

ovum  in  the  Follicle  of  De  Graaf.     They  appear 

j  to  correspond  to  the  chalazae  of  the  egg  of  the 

j  bird. 

Retinaculum,  Bride. 

Retinac'i ru m  Ten'dinum  Peroneo'tum,  Va- 
gi'na  malleola'ria  extern' a.  The  ligamentous 
sheaths  that  retain  in  situ  at  the  outer  ankle  the 
tendons  of  the  peroneal  muscles. 

RET'INAL,  Retina' litt.      Relating   or   apper- 
taining to  the  retina. 
RET1XE,  Retina. 

RETINI'TIS,    Inflamma'tio    Ret'inee,  Amphi- 
blestroidi'tis,  Dietyi'tis,  (F.)  Retinite,  from  retina 
and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. — a  term 
of  hybrid  formation.    Inflammation  of  the  retina  ; 
an  uncommon  affection,  except  as  an  accompani- 
j.  ment  of  other  forms  of  ophthalmia. 
RETINOIDS,  see  RhetinoU. 
R E  TWO  LB,  see  Rhet inole. 
RETIXOS'COPY.   Retinnscop'ia,  from   retina, 
I  and  (xkovcu),  'I  view.'    Examination  of  the  retina, 
RETINUS,  Reticular. 

RETORT',   Retor'ta,    Batia,    Conni,    Connt'ta, 
Cornes'ta,  Cornumusa,(F.)  Connie,  from  retorqueo, 
!  (re,  and  torqueo,  tortum,)  'I  bend  back.'     A  ves- 
sel, commonly  of  glass  or  earthenware,  employed 
in  distillation.     It  may  be  plain,  or  have  a  tubu- 
1  lure  for  admitting  substances  whilst  the  distilla- 
!  tion  is  going  on.     In  the  latter  case,  it  is  said  to 
be  tu'bu/ated,  (F. )  Connie  tnbulee. 

RETRACTION.  Retrac'tio,  from  retrahere, 
(re,  and  trahere,  tractum.)  'to  draw  back.'  State 
'  of  a  part,  when  drawn  towards  the  centre  of  the 
I  body  or  backwards:  —  as  retraction  of  the  tes- 
!  tides.  Sometimes  it  is  used  synonymously  with 
'  shortening  or  drawing  up;  as  in  retraction  of  the 
thigh. 

RETE  ACTIO  X  DE  LA  JIATRICE,  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

RETRACTOR  ANGULI  ORIS,  Buccinator. 
RET'RAHENS  AURIS.  Poste'rior  seu  Tricepa 
Aim's,  Tricauda'lis,  Retrahens  Auric'idce  seu 
Auriculam,  Secun' dus  proprio' rum  Auric'idce.  Bi- 
caudn'lis,  Dep'rimens  Auric'idce,  Proprius  Ann's 
externce,  (F.)  Jfaslo'ido-conchiuien,  Jlasto'ulo-ori- 
culaire  (Ch.),  Auricidaire  posterieur.  It  consists 
of  one  or  more  small  fasciculi  or  fleshy,  thin, 
somewhat  irregular  fibres,  situated  behind  the 
ear.  These  are  attached  to  the  mastoid  process, 
and  pass  horizontally  forwards,  to  terminate  at 
the  convexity  formed  by  the  concha  of  the  ear. 
If  this  muscle  had  any  use,  it  would  carry  the 
ear  backwards. 

RE  TRAIT  VEX TRICUL  AIRE,  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy of  the. 

RETRECISSEJrEXT.  Arctatio,  Stricture— r. 
de  VUrethre,  Urethrostenosis. 

RETRIMENTA  VESICA,  Urine. 
RETRIMENTUM,  Excrement 
RETROCESSION,   Retraces' sio,   Retroces'sus, 
Retrogres'sn*,  from   refrocedere,   retrocessum,   (re- 
tro,   'backwards,'  and    cedere,   'to  give   place.') 
The  act  of  going  back.     A  disappearance  or  me- 
tastasis   of   a    tumour,  eruption,    <fcc,   from    the 
outer  part  of  the  body  to  the  inner. 
RETROCESSUS,  Retrocession. 
RETROFLEXIO    UTERI,    see     Retroversio 
uteri. 

RETROGRESSUS.  Retrocession. 
RETROPHARYNGEAL,      Retropharynge'iis, 
from  retro,  'backwards,'  and  pharynx,  'the  pha- 
rynx.    Relating  to  parts  behind  the  pharynx, — 


Rl-TROri'LSlOX 


RB  AGS 


as  ' retropharyngeal  abscess,' — an  abscess  behind 
the  pharynx. 

RETROPULSION DE  LA  MATBICE,  Re- 
troversio  uteri 

RETRO- 1  "TERIHB,  Betro-uteri'nn*,  \  I 
tro-vtirtH,  from  retro,  and  utcm*.     Behind  the 
fro- uterine  ubeeeee,  (F.)  Abet*  rlfro- 
Utirin  :  —  an  abscess  > «.- : 1 1 e <  1  behind  the  uterus. 

RETROVACCINA'TION,  from   retro,  ■  I  aok- 
and  vaccination.    Vaccination  with  matter 
obtained  from  the  cow,  after  inoculating  the  ani- 
mal with  VHecine  matter  from  the  human  subject 

RETROVER'SIO  U'TERI,  (retro,  'back- 
■/,  *  to  turn.')  Hi  trower- 
»<<u  of  the  Uterua,  /Edopto'eit  Uteri  retrover'ea, 
Amifxtd'tnin  m-u  Anapttdie'mm  Uteri,  (F.)  Ritro- 
Re'traction,  Obliqniti  ou  Ritropuhion 
de  In  )f a  trice.  A  change  in  the  position  of  the 
uteiu-,  mi  that  the  fundus  of  the  organ  is  turned 
towards  tlie  concavity  of  the  sacrum,  whilst  tlie 
is  directed  towards  the  symphysis  pubis. 
This  displacement  is  commonly  attended  with 
eoostipation,  tenesmus,  and  retention  of  urine. 
Its  usual  period  of  occurrence  i.-  between  the 
third  ami  fourth  months  of  pregnaaoy;  before 
the  uterus  has  escaped  above  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  pelvis.  In  the  treatment,  the  cathe- 
ter must  he  regularly  used  twice  a  day,  until  the 
uterus,  by  its  growth,  rises  above  the  pelvis. 
The  catheter  should  he  small,  fiat,  and  curved 
considerably  noire  than  common,  in  consequence 
of  the  distorted  course  of  the  urethra.  The 
-  must  he  kept  open  :  and  absolute  rest,  in 
a  recumbent  posture,  be  enjoined.  Should  it  be 
Impracticable  to  draw  off  the  urine,  attempts 
must  he  made  to  replace  the  uterus.  The  woman 
being  on  her  hands  and  knees,  the  fore  and 
middle  fingers  of  the  accoucheur's  left  hand  are 
to  be  passed  up  the  rectum  to  the  fundus  uteri: 
which  they  must  elevate,  whilst  the  cervix  uteri 
is  carefully  depressed  by  two  fingers  of  the  right 
band  in  the  vagina.  Should  the  fingers  em- 
ployed  to  elevate  the  fundus  not  he  long  enough 
t  this  object,  a  piece  of  whalebone  may  be 
Substituted,  having  a  small  piece  of  sponge  at- 
i  to  "tie  extremity  as  a  pad. 

A  simple  inclination,  or  bending  of  the  uterus, 
backwards,  is  termed  Retro/lex' ion  of  the  f  'terue, 
Retro  flex' io  fieri:  not  unfrequently,  however, 
this  is  used  synonymously  with  Retroversion  of 
the  Uterus. 

RET  IK)  VERSION  DE  LA  MA  TRICE,  Re- 
troversio  uteri. 

RE  UN  10,  Synthesis — r.  Partium  separaiarum. 
D thesis  —  r.  per  Priinam  intentionem,  see 
Intention — r.  per  Becundam  intentionem,  see  In- 
tention—  r.  Vasorum,  Anastomosis. 

REUNION  PRIMITIVE,***  Intention  —  r. 
idaire,  see  Intention. 

REVACCINATION,  see  Vaccina. 

REVALENTA  ARABICA,  see  Ervura. 

REVASSERIE,  Incoherence;  see  Soinnium. 

RE  17.',  Si  minium. 

RE  VEIL  see  Sleep — r.  en  Suraaut,  see  Sleep. 

REVKLLENT,  Derivative. 

REVERIE,  Apbelxia, 

REVERT,  Aphelxia. 

REVTVIFIC  LTION,  Resuscitation. 

REVULSIF,  Derivative. 

REVUL'SION,  Revnl'eio,  frnm  r>\  and  suffer*, 
riilxiint,  'to  pluck;'  Antie'paeie.  The  act  of 
turning  the  principle  of  a  disease  from  the  .,r:Mn 
in  which  it  seems  to  have  taken  it-  -cat.  Rube- 
facients, vesicatoriee,  bleeding  in  the  foot.  ft&, 
are  often  used  fur  this  purpose.     Sec  Derivation. 

REVULSIVE,  Derivative  — r.  Bleeding,  see 
Bloodletting. 


REVULSORIUS,  Derivative. 

REX  AMARORUM,  Soulamta  am.ira- r.  Me- 
tallorum,  Aurum. 

RE^  NOLDS'S  SPECIFIC, see Vinum  eolchieu 

RE2ZLE,  Whcc/.e. 

RHA,  Rheum. 

RHABARBARUM,  Rheum— r.  Album, 
volvulus  meehoacan  —  r.  Antiqoorum,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Dioscoridis,  Rheum  Rhaponti- 
cum  —  r.  Moqacborum,  Rumez  patientis  —  r.  Ni- 
grum,  Convolvulus  jalapn — r.  Psuperum,  Thalic- 
tron — r.  Sibericum,  Rbeum — r.Tartaricum,Rheutn 
—  r.  Turcica m,  Rbeum. 

RHABARBE,  Rheum— r.  Blanche,  Convol- 
vulus  meehoacan — r.  Fatuee,  Thalictron  —  r.  </•* 
Tndee,  Convolvulus  meehoacan- — r.  </<*  floinep, 
Ruroex  Alpinus  —  >•.  Sauvage,  Rumez  patientia. 

RHABDOIDES    SUTURA),  Sagittal  suture. 

RHABILLEUB,  /' iter. 

RB  ACIIKT.F.  Rachitic. 

RHACHETRUM,  Medulla  spinalis. 

RIIACIII.KI.  Rhacbitm. 

l:il  Mill  \«:i:  A.  Rachisagra, 

RHACHIALGIA,  Rachialgia,  Rhachiodynia, 
Spinal  irritation. 

RHACHIALGITIS,  Spinal  irritation,  Myelitis. 

RHACHIDAQRA,  Rachisagra,  Rachialgia, 
Rhachiodynia. 

RHACHIOCVPHOSIS,  Gibbositas. 

RIIACllIODYN'IA.  from  >aX<$.  'the  verte- 
bral column,'  and  oivvn,  'pain;'  Bhackial'gia, 
Pain  in  the  vertebral  column. 

RHACHIOMTELITIS,  Myelitis. 

RHACHIOPLEGIA,  Paraplegia, 

RHACHIOSCOLIOMA,  Sco 

RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS,  from  >Y,f,  'the 
vertebral  column,'  and  cr^t^w,  '  I  turn  :'  Contor- 
fio  eolum'inB  vertebra' li$.  Deviation  of  the  ver- 
tebral column. 

RHACHIOT'OMrS,  Rhachiot'omum,  from 
rpa%if,  '  the  vertebral  column,'  and  tow,  'incision.' 
An  instrument  fur  opening  the  vertebral  column. 

RIIACIIIPA'GIA,  Rachipa'gia,  from  'paXn, 
'  the  spine,'  and  jruyw,  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrous 
union  of  two  foetuses,  in  which  they  are  connected 
at  the  spine. 

RHACHIPARALTSIS,  Paraplegia. 

RHACHIPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RHACHIRRHEUMA,  Lumbago, 

RH ACTUS,  Vertebral  column  —  r.  Nasi,  see 
Xasus. 

RHACHISAGRA,  Rachisagra, 

RHACHI'TiB,  from  'fja^iTyn,  appertaining  or 
relating  to  VUX'*>  'the  vertebral  column;'  Bha- 
chias'i,  Baeki'ta,  Bhaehe'tte,  or  Jiacliice'i.     The 

muscles  of  the  spine. 

RHACHITES.  Medulla  spinalis. 

RHACHITICU8,  Rachiticus. 

RHACHITIS,  Rachitis  — r.  Adultorum,  Molli- 
ties  ossium — r.  Spinalis,  Rachisagra, 

p.H  ^CHITISMUS,  Rachitis. 

Rll  ICHOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RHACHUS,  Rhneue,  RL<i>ju»,  from  'payu>,  or 
'pnywut,  'to  break.'  A  wrinkle.  A  laceration 
of  the  skin.      A  lacerated  ulcer — it/<  tta  laef'erum. 

RHACUS,  Rhachns,  Wrinkle. 

RBLSBOCRANIA,  Torticollis. 

RHAG'ADES,  'oayaics,  Rhaga'dia,  from  'payu> 
or  'i>Tiyivfit,  'to  lireak  or  rend  :'  8cie$n're*,  I 
r<r,  Fintat.     Ruptures,  ehapa,  or  narrow  and  long 
ulcers,   which    form    rte;ir    the    origin    of    mueons 

membranes,   especially   around    tlie    arm- 
which  are  generally  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus. 

Rii  \f.  mm  s,  see  Fissure. 

RHAGE,  Rngif'pmyn.  Same  etymon.  A  suf- 
fix denoting  violent  rupture  or  discbarge,  af  in 
Bemorraaev,  Menorrhagia,  Ae, 

Rii  LGX,  Fissure. 


RHAGES 


800 


RHEUMATISM 


RnAGES.  Uvae  passae. 
RHAGICUS,  Rhagoides. 

RUAGODEITIS,  Uveitis. 

RHAGOI'DES,  Rhago'des,  Rhagoideus,  Rha'- 
gicus,  from  cpa£,  'payos,  'a  berry,'  'a  grape.' 
Grape-like;  as  Tunica  Rhagoides:  the  uvea. 
Abo,  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye. 

RHAGUS,  Rhachus,  Wrinkle. 

RHAMNI  BACCiE,  see  Rhauinus— r.  Succus, 
see  Rhamnus. 

RHAMNUS,  'papvos,  R.  cathar'ticus,  Spina 
cervi'na  seu  domes' tica  sen  infecto'ria,  Rhamnus 
eoluti'vus,  Cercispi'na,  Buckthorn,  Purging  buck- 
thorn, (F. )  Xerprun  purgatif,  Bourguepine, 
Spine  de  cerf.  Fa  mil)/,  Rhamnaeeas.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  —  Rhamni 
Baccce — have  a  faint  and  disagreeable  odour  ;  and 
bitterish,  nauseous  taste.  Their  juice  —  Rhamni 
Succus  —  is  cathartic,  and  apt  to  excite  griping, 
•which  must  be  obviated  by  the  use  of  diluents. 

Rhamnus  Alater'nus,  R.  Hispan'icus,  Alater'- 
nus  lati/o'lius,  Common  alaternus,  (F.)  Alaterne. 
The  leaves  have  been  used  as  detergents  and  as- 
tringents, in  the  form  of  gargle  especially. 

Rhamnus  Fran'gula,  Black  Alder.  Frangula 
Almts,  Aluus  Nigra,  (F.)  Anne  noir,  Rourdane, 
Bourgene.  All  the  parts  of  this  tree,  as  well  as 
of  the  common  alder,  are  astringent  and  bitter. 
The  bark  is  most  so.  The  inner,  yellow  bark  of 
the  trunk  or  root  acts  as  a  cathartic.  It  has  also 
been  employed  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Rhamxus  Hispaxicus.  R.  alaternus — r.  Jujuba, 
see  Jujube — r.  Lotus,  see  Jujube — r.  Ziziphus,  see 
Jujube. 

RHAXTER,  Canthus.  (greater.) 

RIIAPHAXEDOX,  Raphanedon. 

RHAPHAXIA.  Raphania. 

RHAPHAXIS.  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHAXUS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHE.  Raphe.  Suture. 

RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS,  from  pa<pr,,  'suture,' 
and  <Tvp<j>vais,  'union.'  Union  by  suture, — as  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

RHAPHYS.  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  —  r. 
Vulgare,  Centaurea  centaurium. 

RHAPONTIQUE,  Rheum  rhaponticum. 

RHAPS.  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHATAXIA.  Krameria  ratanhia. 

RHAX.  see  Yitis  vinifera. 

RHEGE.  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEGMA,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration, 
Rhexis  —  r.  Ligamentare.  Apospasma. 

RHEGMUS,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEMBASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

RHEMBE,  Rhembus,  'a  wandering  about,' 
from  'pepfieiv,  'to  wander  about.'  Irregularity  in 
the  return  of  febrile  paroxysms. 

RHEMBUS,  Rhembe. 

RHEXCHUS.  Rattle,  Snoring. 

RHEXXIS.  Rattle,  Snoring. 

RHEOX.  Rheum. 

RHETIXE.  Resin. 

RHETIXOCEROX,  Resinatum. 

RHETIXOLE.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beral 
to  a  medicine,  which  results  from  the  union  of  a 
resin  with  other  medicinal  substances.  The 
Rhetinoles  of  Beral  differ  from  the  Rhetino'ides 
in  containing  but  one  resin,  whilst  in  the  latter 
there  are  several. 

RHETIXOlDES,  see  Rhetinoli. 

RHETIXOTOX,  Resinatum. 

RHEUM,  (pronounced  room,)  Rheu'ma,  pevpa, 
(F.)  Rhume  ;  from  'pew,  'to  flow.'  Any  thin 
watery  discharge  from  mucous  membranes  or 
skin  :  as  the  thin  discharge  from  the  air  passages 
arising  from  cold. 


Rheum,  Salt.  A  popular  name  in  the  United 
States,  like  'tetter,' for  various    cutaneous  affec- 

|  tions  of  the  eczematous  and  herpetic  forms  more 
especially.  It  is  at  times  applied  to  a  kind  of 
chronic  psoriasis;  and  likewise  to  cutaneous  af- 
fections in  those  who  immerse  the  hands  in  me- 
tallic or  acid  solutions.  Webster  defines  it  "m 
vague  and  indefinite  popular  name,  applied  to 
almost  all  the  non-febrile  cutaneous  eruptions 
which  are  common  among  adults,  except  ring- 
worm and  itch  " 

Rhe'u.m,  Rhabar'barum,  Rheon,  Rha,  Rhceitm, 
Lap'athum  oricnta'le  seu  Chinen'se.  Rhabar'ba- 
rum re'rum  seu  Tartar'icum  seu  Siber'icnm  seu 
Tur'cicum,  Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe,  Rhubnrbe. 
From  Rha,  now  called  Wolga,  a  river  in  Russia 
from  which  it  was  first  brought.  Ord.  Poly- 
gonacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Enneandria  Trigynia.  The 
root — Rheum — is  the  part  used  in  medicine.  Its 
odour  is  aromatic,  peculiar,  and  rather  nauseous; 
taste,  somewhat  aromatic,  subacrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent.  It  colours  the  saliva  and  the  urine 
yellow.  It  is  easily  pulverized,  and  forms  a  pow- 
der of  a  bright  buff-yellow  colour.  Both  water 
and  spirit  extract  its  virtues.  Rhubarb  root  is 
purgative,  stomachic  and  astringent.  [?]  It  is 
chiefly  used  for  the  properties  first  mentioned. 
Externally,  the  powder  is  sometimes  sprinkled 
over  ulcers,  to  assist  their  granulation.  Lose,  ^j 
to  ^ss  of  the  powder.  In  a  smaller  dose,  it  is 
stomachic. 

Xumerous  species  of  Rheum,  Rh.  jmlmatum, 
Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh.  compactum,  have  purga- 
tive roots. 

The  rhubarbs  most  used  in  the  United  States 
are  the  Chinese  or  India  Rhubarb — Rheum  Si- 
nen'se  seu  In'dicum  :  the  Russian,  Turkey  or  Bu>- 
charian  Rhubarb — Rheum  Rus'sicum  seu  Tur'ci- 
cum ;   and  European  Rhubarb. 

Rheum  Compactum,  Rheum  —  r.  Indicum,  see 
Rheum  —  r.  Palmatura,  Rheum. 

Rheum  Rhapon'ticum,  Rhapon'tic  Rhubarb; 
Rhapon'ticum,     Rhabar'barum    Dioscor'  idis     seu 

l  Antiquo'rum,  (F.)  Rhapontique,  Rhapontir,  Ra- 
pontic.     The  root  of  this  seems  to  have  been  the 

i  rhubarb  of  the  ancients.  It  is  more  astringent 
than  that  of  the  rheum  palmatum,  and  less  pur- 
gative; for  the  latter  purpose,  two  or  three 
drachms  being  required  for  a  dose.  French.  Rha- 
pontic,  or  Krimea  Rhubarb,  is  obtained  from  this 
species,  as  well  as  from  Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh. 
compactum. 


Rheum  Russicum,  see  Rheum- 


*mense,  see 


Rheum — r.  Turcicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Undulatur. 
see  Rheum. 

RHEUMA,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea,  Rheum.  Rheu- 
matism. Also,  inflammation  of  a  fibrous  tissue, 
as  in  rheumatism  and  gout.  —  Fuehs. 

Rheuma  Catarrhale,  Bronchitis,  (chronic) 
— r.  Epidemicum,  Bronchitis,  chronic.  Catarrh, 
epidemic — r.  Pectoris,  Catarrh  —  r.  Uteri,  Leu- 
corrhoea. 

RHEUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMARTHRITIS.  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHETMARTHROSIS.  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATALGIA.  Rheumatism,  chronic— r. 
Arthritica.  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

PiHEUMATTC,  Rheumat'icus,  Rheumatis'mal, 

(F.)    Rhumatismal,    Rhnmatique.       Belonging    to 

'  rheumatism  :  as  rheumatic  fever.  Also,  applied  to 

j  one  affected  with  rheumatism:  (F.)  Rhnmntisant. 

RHEUMAT'lC  DlATH'ESlS,  Diath'esis  rheumat'- 
ica.  The  special  condition  of  the  body  that  gives 
occasion  to  rheumatism.  It  may  exist  without 
presenting  the  usual  phenomena  in  the  joints  ; 
whilst  the  heart  mav  be  seriouslv  affected. 

RHEUMATICS.  "Rheumatism. 

RHEU'MATISM,      C»tarrha>'a     from     '/«•?«. 
!  'pevparos,  'a  defluxion,  catarrh.'    Dolor  Rheumat  - 


RHEUMATISM 


801 


RHEUMATOrilTIIALMIA 


;  trthrit'ieue,  (Hoffman,)  Rhtumato'ti*  Myo- 

«o'ti<,  Rheum*,  Myodyn'ia,  (rulg.)  Rkeu'mati*, 
Jiheuimit' ice,  \  V. )  Rhumatieme.  A  kind  of  shift- 
ing phlegmasia  or  neuralgia,  sometimes  seated  in 
the  muscles,  sometimes  in  the  parts  surrounding 
the  joints;  and  at  others,  within  them.  Sence 
the  names  Afutcular,  Articular,  and  Synovial, 
which  have  been  applied  to  it.  The  disease  may 
be  acute,  or  chronic 

Kukimatism  OP  tiif,  AaooMEM,  Coeliorrbeuma. 

Rheumatism,  Acute,  Rheumatie'mut  aeu'tu* 
peu  articufo'rum  acu'tue  sen  univ&na'lit  febri'- 
li*  sen  in/lnmmato'rius  sen  hypentken'ictu,  Ar- 
■  acuta,  Rheumatop'yra,  Rheumap'yra, 
Febris  rheumat'ica  injiammato'ria,  Syn'ocha 
rheuiiHit' >\it,  Jfyoeo'tie,  Myi'tie,  Oauma  seu  | 
Arthri'ti*  rh<  umatiemue,  Arthro-rhcitmatia'mua, 
Smnovi'tiu  rht  umatiema'lie,  Hamo-arthri'tit, 
Jlheuiiiat'ic  Fever,  (V.)  Rheumatiemt  «iijn,  Rh. 
urticulaire  aiyti,  Fiivre  rhumatiemale,  usually 
tames  i>n  with  the  ordinary  symptoms  of  fever: 
■ton  atter  which,  or  simultaneously,  or  even  be- 
fore the  appearance  of  febrile  signs,  excruciating 
pains  are  felt  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  par- 
ticularly in  the  larger  joints,  which  are  more  or 
less  red  and  swollen  ;  the  pain  shifting  from  one 
to  the  other,  at  times  with  great  rapidity.  The 
rarely  terminates  in  less  than  six  weeks, 
during  the  greater  part  of  which  period  the  febrile 
symptoms  remain  severe:  and  what  is  peculiar  to  , 
the  disease,  the  skin  may  be  covered  daily  with 
a  profuse  perspiration,  although  it  feels  extremely 
hot,  and  the  pulse  appears  in  no  way  modified  by 
it.  It  is  one  of  the  essential  symptoms  of  the 
affection,  and  consequently  affords  no  relief.  The 
only  danger  to  be  apprehended  from  acute  rheu-  || 
ruatism,  notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity 
of  the  symptoms,  is  the  translation  or  extension 
of  the  disease  (metaxtnt'ic  rhen'matiem)  to  some 
internal  part,  especially  to  the  heart.  This  ten- 
dency must  always  he  borne  in  mind.  Acute 
rheumatism  seldom  terminates  in  chronic;  they 
who  are  liable  to  the  former  are  rarely  so  to  the 
latter,  and  conversely.  The  disease  will  gene- 
rally run  its  course  in  spite  of  treatment.  The 
usual  antiphlogistic  plan  had  better  be  pursued 
during  the  first  days  of  the  disease.  Blood-let- 
ting may  be  employed,  if  the  vigour  of  the  pa- 
tient and  of  the  disease  seem  to  require  it;  but. 
although  the  blood  is  generally  buffy,  bleeding 
does  not  usually  seem  to  afford  much  relief.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  open  ;  effervescent  draughts 
be  administered,  and  opium  be  given  in  full  doses 
to  allay  pain.  This  is,  generally,  all  that  is  ne- 
cessary during  the  first  week;  after  which,  ad- 
vantage will  usually  be  obtained  from  the  exhi- 
bition of  the  sulphate  of  qninia  with  sulphuric 
a<id.  It  does  not  augment  the  excitement,  and 
will  be  found  proper  in  almost  all  cases.  Rheu- 
matic inflammation  is  very  different  from  other 
varieties,  and  this  may  account  for  the  anomaly. 
After  a  few  weeks,  the  disease  usually  goes  off, 
but  leaves  the  patient  very  liable  to  a  recurrence 
on  slight  exposures  or  errors  of  diet.  At  times 
acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints  puts  on  the  ap- 
pearance of  gout,  and  seems  to  be  a  complication 
of  the  two  affections.  It  is  then  called  Gouty  or 
Arthn't'ir  rheumatiem  or  Rheumatic  'j>>"f,  Rheu- 
matol'gia  arthrit'ica,  Rheumarthro'eie,  Rheutnar- 
thri'tie,  Arthri'tit  rheumat'ica  sen  fuveni'lit. 

RHEUMATISM  op  tiih  Akm,  Brachiorrheuma— 
r.  Arthritic,  see  Rheumati>m,  acute  —  r.  of  the 
Bladder,  Cystorrheuma — r.  of  the  Bowels,  Ente- 
rorrheuma. 

Rheumatism.  Cap'sular,  Rhenmnfit*mm  cap. 
tula' He.  Rheumatism  seated  in  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  joints  and  bursas  of  the  tendons. 
The  part-*  most  liable  to  its  attacks  are  the  feet 
and  hands,  where  it  is  generally  easily  recognised 
51 


by  the  enlargement  of  the  joints;  but  the  pecu- 
liar characters  of  the  disease  are,  perhaps,  must 
strikingly  seen  when  it  attacks  the  knee. 

Rheumatism  ok  rat  Chhst,  Pleurodynia. 

Rheumatism,  Chronic,  Arthro'eia  chron'iea, 
Rheumatiemue  ehronicut  sen  ncmfebri'lie  sea  r«/- 
gn'rie  sen  Invett  ra'trn*  sea  habit ua' lie  seu  frig"i- 
du»,  Rheumatol' gia,  Rhumatal'gia,  Rheumatodyn'- 
id,  Arthrodyn'ia,  Arthritie  urthrorfynia,  (  V.)  Rhu- 
matieme  chronjque,  Rhumata/yif.  i-  attended  with 
pains  in  the  hips,  shoulders,  knees,  and  other 
large  joints.  These  are  at  times  confined  to 
one  joint;  at  others,  shift  from  one  to  another, 
without  occasioning  inflammation,  or  fever.  In 
this   manner,  the  complaint  often  continios  for   i 

great  length  of  time,  and  then  goes  off.    There  is 

00  danger  attendant  upon  it  :  but  the  patient  may 
become  lame,  and  is  always  liable  to  painful  re- 
currences. Neither  variety  generally  terminates 
in  suppuration  ;  but  effusion  of  ooagulahle  lymph 
is  apt  to  occur,  so  as  to  occasion  permanent 
thickening  of  the  parts.  The  great  preventive 
of  chronic  rheumatism,  and  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able curative  agents,  is  flannel,  worn  next  the 
skin.  The  whole  fltass  of  rubefacients  may,  also, 
be  used  with  advantage.  The  warm  bath,  espe- 
cially the  natural  warm  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  does  not  vary,  is  perhaps  the  mosl  success- 
ful remedy  of  all. 

Rheumatism  of  tiie  Extremities,  Acrorrhen- 
ma  —  r.  of  the  Face,  Prosoporrheuma —  r.  Gouty, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  of  the  Heart,  Cardior- 
rheuma — r.  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism — r.  of  the 
Leg,  Scelorrheuma  —  r.  of  a  Limb,  Merorrheuma 
— r.  Local,  Merorrheuma — r.  of  the  Loins,  Lum- 
bago—  r.  Metastatic,  see  Rh.  acute  —  r.  of  the 
Neck,  Torticollis  —  r.  Partial,  Merorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Prbabdom'ihal,  (F.)  Rhumatit- 
me  ptf-nltdomiual.  Rheumatism  of  the  muscles 
of  the  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the  abdo- 
men ;  supposed  by  MM.  Genest  and  Requin  to 
be  the  same  as  the  nervous  affection  of  the  peii- 
toneum  of  Grooofa. 

Rheumatism  Root,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

Kukimatism  of  thk  Skin,  see  Dermalgia — r. 
Topical,  Merorrheuina  —  r.  of  the  Uterus,  Me- 
trorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Visceral.  Rheumatism  affect- 
ing the  muscular  or  fibrous  tissues  of  the  viscera. 

Rheumatism  Weed,  Pyrola  maculata,  P.  um- 
bellata. 

RHEUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic. 

RHEUMATISM  US  ABDOMINIS,  Coelior- 
rbeuma— r.  Acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Arti- 
culorum  acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Bra- 
chii,  Brachiorrheuma  —  r.  Canerosus.  Neuralgia 
faciei  —  r.  Cervieis,  Torticollis  —  r.  Colli,  Torti- 
collis— r.  Cordis,  Cardiorrheuma — r.  Cruri 
lorrheuma  —  r.  Dorsalis,  Lumbago  —  r.  Extremi- 
tatum,  Acrorrheuma  —  r.  Faciei,  Prosoporrhen- 
ma — r.  Febrilis,  Dengue — r.  Inflammatorius  sen 
hypersthenicus,  Rheumatisnius  acutus — r.  Intcs- 
tinorum,  Enterorrheuma  —  r.  Intestinorum  cum 
ulcere,  Dysentery  —  r.  Larvatus,  Neuralgia  faciei 
— r.  Localis,  Merorrheuma — r.  Membrorum  sin- 
gulorutn,  Merorrheuina  —  r.  Non  febrilis,  Rheu- 
matism, acute  —  r.  Partialis,  Merorrheuina  —  r. 
Pectoris,  Pleurodynia  —  r.  Phlegmonodss,  Myosi- 
tis—  r.  Spurius  nervosus,  Neuralgia — r.  Univer- 
salis febrilis,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Uteri,  Me- 
trorrheuma  —  r.  Vesical  urinaria1.  Cystorrheuma 
- — r.  Vulgaris  sen  inveteratus  seu  habitualis  seu 
frigidus,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHEUMATIZ,  Rheumatism. 

RHEUMATODYNIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA,  Rlleumophthal'- 

mi"  ;  from  'pzviia,  'ptvfjnros,  'rheumatism,'  and 
ocpda^fita,  '  inflammation  of  the  eyos.'  Rheumatic 
ophthalmia. 


IlIIEUMATOrYRA 


802 


RHOITES 


RIIEUMATOPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATOSIS,  Rheumatism. 

R  II  BUMOPHTHALMIA,      Rheumatophthal- 

mia,  Sclerotitis. 


Dirnp'tio,  Rup'tio, 
'piiyvvpi,   '  to   break.' 
Spontaneous 


RHEXIS,  'p„^g,  Rhegma 
Ruptn'ra,    Rupture.     From 
Rupture    of    a    vessel    or   organ 
opening  of  an  abscess. 

Rhexis  Oc'uli.  Bursting  of  the  eye  from  any 
cause  :  spontaneous  or  excited. 

RIIICNO'SIS,  from  'piKvoopai,  'to  become  wrin- 
kled;' Cut  In  copruga'tio.  Wrinkling  of  the  skin 
from  extenuation  of  the  body;  opposed  to  ericaou, 
or  distension  from  repletion. 

RIIIGOS,  Rigor. 

RUIN",  Nasus. 

RHINAL'GIA,  Rhinodyn'ia,  from  'pjv,  'the 
nose,'  and  u\yo$,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  nose. 

Rhinal'gia  ab  Intru'sis.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  foreign  bodies. 

Rhinal'gia  Vermino'sa.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  worms. 

RHINAN'CHONE,  SMnan'gia,  RMnostegno'- 
8?8;  from  'piv,  'the  nose,'  and  ayxovrj,  'narrow- 
ness.'    Contraction  of  the  nos#.     Snuffles. 

RHINANGIA,  Rhinanchone,  Snuffles. 

RHINCH03,  Rostrum. 

RHINENCEPHALIA,  Cyclopia. 

RHINEN'CHYSIS,  Rhinenchys'ia,  from  'piv, 
'  the  nose,'  ev,  '  in/  and  xv<*>  '  I  pour/  An  infu- 
sion or  injection,  made  into  the  nostrils,  with  a 
syringe  ealled  Rhinen'chites. 

RHINES,  Nares. 

RHINI'TIS,  Nasi'tis,  from  'piv,  'pivog,  'the 
nose/  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  nose.     Coryza. 

Rhinitis  Ulcerosa,  Ozaena. 

RHINOBLENNORRHCEA,  Rhinorrhoea. 

RHINOC'ACE,  Cory'za  scarlatinosa  ;  from 
'piv,  'pivoc,  'the  nose/  and  kukos,  'evil/  The 
offensive  discharge  from  the  nose,  and  other 
symptoms  indicating  a  morbid  condition  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane,  that  accompany  the 
worst  forms  of  scarlatina. 

RHINOCATARRH US,  Coryza. 

RHINOCNES'MUS,  from  'piv,  'pivos,  'the 
nose/  and  Kvrjupog,  'itching.'    Itching  of  the  nose. 

RHINODYNIA,  Rhinalgia. 

RHINOPHO'NIA,  from  'piv,  'ptvos,  'the  nose/ 
and  fwvrj,  '  the  voice.'  A  nasal  voice,  called,  also, 
Dyspho')iia  immodula'ta  nasa'lis,  Porapho'nia 
itasalis  seu  res'onans,  Psellis'mus  na'sitas,  Myc- 
teropho'nia,  Na'sitas,  Vox  seu  Parala'lia  nasa'- 
lis.    Speaking  through  the  nose. 

RHINOPLAS'TIC,  Rhinoplas'tica  (ars)  Rhi'- 
noplasty,  from  'piv,  'pivos,  'the  nose/  and  rrXaaaio, 
'  I  form.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for 
forming  a  new  nose.  The  Taliacotian  operation, 
so  called  because  described  by  Tagliacozzi.  It 
consists  in  bringing  down  a  portion  of  flesh  from 
the  forehead,  and  causing  it  to  adhere  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  remains  of  the  nose. 

RHINOP'TIA,  from  'piv,  'the  nose/  and  on- 
TOfnai,  'I  see.'  The  act  of  seeing  over  the  nose. 
Squinting  over  the  nose. 

RHINORRHAGIA.  Epistaxis. 

RHINOR'RHAPHY,  Bhinorrhaph'ia,  from 
'piv,  'pivos,  'nose/  and  'pacpt),  'a  suture/  An  ope- 
ration for  the  removal  of  epicanthis,  which  con- 
sists in  pinching  up  a  longitudinal  fold  of  the 
skin,  including  this  fold  in  two  elliptical  in- 
cisions, removing  it,  and  bringing  together  the 
edges  of  the  wound  by  harelip  suture. 

RHIN0RRHC3'A,  Rhinoblenorrhce'a,  from 
'nvt  'pivos,  'the  nose/  and  'pew,  'I  flow/  A  dis- 
charge of  limpid  mucus  from  the  nose  without 
any  inflammatory  symptom.  A  gleet  from  the 
nose. 


RHIXO'SIS,  from  'pivos,  'a  skin,  leather/ or 
from  piKvos,  'rugous/  The  state  of  looseness  and 
excess  of  skin  observed  in  phthisis. — Vogel. 

RHINOSTEGNOSIS,  Rhinanchone. 

RHIPTASMOS,  Jactation. 

RHIPTOLUSIA,  Affusion. 

PUIS,  Nasus. 

RHIZA,  Radix. 

RHIZAGRA,  Punch. 

RIIIZO'M  A,  Rhizome,  from  'pi$a,  '  a  root/  The 
part  of  the  root  of  a  plant,  which  consists  of  wood 
or  flesh,  as  in  the  carrot. 

RHIZOPH'AGUS,  from  <pi$a,  'a  root/  and 
(payia,  '  I  eat.'     One  who  lives  on  roots. 

RHIZOTOMIST,  see  Simples. 

RHIZOTOMUS,  Apothecary. 

RHOA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHODEL^E'ON,  Oleum  rosa'rum.  Oil  of  roses, 
or  oil  impregnated  with  roses. 

RHO'DIA,  Rhodi'ola  ro'sea,  Rosea,  Rosewort, 
(F.)  Rhodiole,  from  'poSov,  'a  rose/  owing  to  its 
odour.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Octandria.  The  root, 
Roseroot,  when  dry,  has  a  very  pleasant  smell, 
and  is  slightly  astringent.     It  is  not  used. 

RHO'DINUS,  'potivos,  Rho'dius,  Rosa'ceus, 
Ro'seus,  Rosa'tus,  (F.)  Rosat,  Rosy.  Formed  of, 
or  containing,  roses. 

RHODIOLA  ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

RHODIOLE,  Rhodia. 

RIIODITES  VINUM.  Wine  in  which  roses 
have  been  macerated. 

RHO'DIUM  LIGNUM,  Rhodium  or  Rosewood, 
from  'poSov,  '  a  rose.'  The  wood  or  root  of  a  tree 
supposed  to  be  Genis'ta  Canarien'sis  of  Linnaeus. 
(F.)  Bois  de  rose,  Bois  de  Chypre.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
essential  oil  is  a  perfume,  and  possesses  cordial 
and  tonic  virtues.  Its  smell  is  attractive  to  fish, 
rats,  &c. 

RHODIUS,  Rhodinus. 

RHODODAPHNE,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODAPHNIS,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODEN'DRON  CHRYSAN'THEMUM, 
R.  chrysan'thum  seu  au'reum  seu  officinale,  Ole- 
an'der,  Rose-bay,  Yellow  rhododendrum,  Moun- 
tain Laurel,  (F.)  Rosage,  R.  chrysanthe,  Rose  de 
Siberie,  from  'poSov,  'a  rose/  and  SevSpov,  'a 
tree/  Nat.  Ord.  Ericaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decan- 
dria Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been  recom- 
mended in  rheumatism,  gout,  and  syphilis.  In 
an  overdose,  it  produces  acro-narcotic  symp- 
toms. 

Rhododen'dron  Max'imum,  Great  Laurel,  Ame- 
rican Rose-bay.  An  indigenous  shrub,  Ord.  Eri- 
caceae, which  flowers  in  July.  It  is  stimulant 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  by  the  Indians 
in  gout  and  rheumatism. 

Rhododendron  Puncta'tum.  Indigenous;  has 
similar  properties. 

RHODOM'ELA  PALMA'TA,  ('poSov,  'arose/ 
and  ptXi,  '  honey/)  Dulse,  Sac'charine  Fucus. 
One  of  the  Algoe,  eaten  in  large  quantities 
throughout  the  maritime  countries  of  the  north 
of  Europe,  and  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago. 

RHODOMELI,  Mel  rosse. 

RHODON,  Rosa,  Rosa  centifolia. 

RHODOSACCHARUM,  Confectio  rosse  gal- 
licae. 

RHODOSTACTON,  Mel  rosa?. 

RHODOSTAGMA,  Aqua  rosse. 

RH(EA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHG3AS,  see  Papaver  rhceas. 

RHOEBDESIS,  Absorption. 

RHCEUM,  Rheum. 

RHOGMOS.  Rattle. 

RHOI'TES,  'poirng,  a  wine  impregnated  with 
the  pomegranate  :  from  'poa,  the  Pomegranate,  — 
Dioscorides.     A  confection,  made  by  boiling  the 


RIIOMBOIDEUS 


808 


RIBWORT 


juice  (if  the  pomegranate  in  honey.  —  Paulus  of 
JBgina. 

RHOMBCTDE'US,  from  'po/itfo?,  'a  rhombus,' 
sides  are  equal,  with  two  obtuse  and  two 
n ute   angles.     Rhomboldem*   major   and    minor, 
RkomboVdee,  Cervici-doreo-ecapulaire.   A  muscle 
situate  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of  the   neck, 
ami  at  the  posterior   part  of  the  hack.      It   has   a 
rhomhoidal   shape,  and   is   attached,  by  its   inner 
the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  and  to 
trie  spinous   processes  of  the   last   cervical    vi-rt -•- 
hra.  and  of  the   first  four  or  five   dorsal.      By  its 
Ige,  it  is  attached  to  the  spinal  or  poste- 
rior edge  of  the  scapula.     It  is  divided   into  two 
.  !,  constituting  the  Rhomboideue  major  and 
ilk.  minor,  the  latter  being  situate  higher  than  the 
other.    This  muscle  draws  the  scapula  backwards 
and   upwards,  and   impresses   upon    it   a   rotatory 
motion,  which  brings  its  inferior  angle  nearer  to 
•  e :  and.  consequently,  depresses  the  an- 
terior angle  and  the  shoulder. 

RHOMBOS,  'pofttfos.  A  bandage  mentioned  by 
Galen,   so   called   on   account  of   its    rhomhoidal 

RHONCHAL,  Rhoncha'lie,  from  rhonch  at,  '  rat- 
tle.' Relating  or  appertaining  to  rhonchus  ; — as 
lrhonchal  fluctuation,'  the  fremitus  that  occurs 
through  the  influence  of  respiration  as  an  attend- 
ant on  cavernous  rhonchi. — Walshe. 

RHONCHUS,  Rattle.  Snoring,  Stertor— r.  Ca- 
rernous,  see  Gurgling — r.  Cavcrnulous,  see  Gur- 
gling. 

RHONCHUS,  Clicking.     A  rhonchus  which  has 
been  considered  positively  indicative  of  the  exist- 
:  tubercles  in  the  lungs. [?] 

hi  s  Crepitans,  Rale  crepitant — r.  Cre- 
pitans   Redux,    see    Crepitant  —  r.  Mucous,  see 
inqueux — r.  Sibilans,  see  RdU  crepitant — 
r.  Bibilus,  Rdle  sibilant — r.  Sonorus,  Rule  sonore 

—  r.  Suhcrepitant,  see  Rdle  muqueueu 
RHOPALISMUS,  Priapismus. 
RHOPALOSIS,  Plica,  Pupil,  Uvea. 
RHOPE,  Congestion. 
RHOTACISMUS,  Rotacism. 
RHUBARB,  Rheum  — r.  Chinese,  see  Rheum 

—  r.  French,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  —  r.  India, 
.-  •  Rheum  —  r.  Krimea,  Rlieum  Rhaponticum 
— r.  Monk's,  Ruinex  Alpinus,  Rumex  patientia— 
r  Poor  man's,  Thalictron  —  r.  Rhapontie,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Russia,  see  Rheum — r.  Turkey, 

■  urn — r.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
RHUBARBS,  Rheum— r.  Faueee,  Thalictron 

—  r.  den  Indea,  Convolvulus  mechoacan  —  /■.  dea 
Pauvree,  Thalictron  —  r.  Sauvage,  Rumex  pati- 

RHUE,  Rota, 

RHUM,  Ram. 

RHUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHUMA  TALOIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHUMATALOIE,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHUMATIQUE,  Rheumatic 
RHUMATISANT,  Rheumatic. 
RHUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic. 

/.'//  V  \i  a  TIS  '/A'.  Rheumatism  —  r.  Aigu, 
latism,  acute — r.  Artieulaire  aigu,  Rheu- 
matism, acute — r.  Ohronique,  Rheumatism,  chro- 
nic— r.  Priabdominale,  Rheumatism,  prse abdom- 
inal— >-.</.  VUttrue,  nfetrorrheuma. 

RHUMB,   Rheum  —  r.  de  Cerveau,  Coryza  — 

'   in*  .  <  'itarrh. 
RHUS  COPALLINA,  see  Rhus  glabra. 
I '  ii  i  s  Coria'ria,  Atfw'riofi,  Sumach,  Shumach, 
Elm-leaved    8umach,      1".      Sumac    det    Corroy- 
tun,  Roure.     Ord.   AnacardiaeeSB.     55  i 
:.  Iris  Monogynia.     This  i-  the  only 

of    the    !_'.mus   rbus   that    is    innocent.      Roth    the 

-  and  berries  have  been  used  as  astringents 
and  tonics. 

RHUS     QlABBAj     'Smooth     Sumach.'      Indige- 


nous, Mm!  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States.  An  infusion  of  the  fruit  —  Rhm» 
glabrmn  [?]  —  which  is  acid  ami  astringent,  has 
been  at  .ling  drink,  and  as  a  gargle. 

An  infusion  of  the  inner  hark  of  the  root  has  been 
recommended  in  mercurial  ptyalism. 

Kin  >  Uvi'i'i  \n«-.  /,'.  vernix,  Poieon  n'ni  [Ame- 
rica). This  plant  is  poisonous  (see  Poisons,  Ta- 
ble of),  and  is  extremely  acrid,  when   applied    to 

ths   skin,  producing  erysipelas  and  vesications, 

and  has  '"'  n    need,  like   the   next  variety,  in  pa- 
ralysis, and  other  nervous  affections. 
Kill  ^  Svi.Vl  BTR18,  Myrios  gale. 

Km  >  Tyihi'na,  Stag't  horn  Sumach,  said  Ruts 
COPALLl'MA,  Mountain  Sumach,  have  Hmilar 
properties. 

Km  b  Toxicodbn'droh,  T<j  icodt  n'dron,  Poieon 
Oak  (America),  (P.)  Sumac  ventneux.  This  plant 
D  used  in  paralytic  affections  and  cutane- 
ous eruptions.  It  is  poisonous,  like  the  last. 
jr.  ss.  to  gr.  iv. 

Kin  -  Tvi'iiiNA.  see  Rhus  glabra. 

Rhus  Vbnbha'ta,  Poieon  Sumach,  and  Rhus 
Pi    mil a,  have  similar  properties. 

Km  a  Vbrnix,  Rh.  radicans. 

RIIYAS,  from  'pim,  'I  flow.'  An  ulceration  of 
the  lachrymal  caruncle,  with  a  constant  flow  of 
tears. —  Blancard. 

RHYPARIA,  Rupia,  Sordes  primarum  viarum. 

RHYPIA,  Rupia. 

R HYPOS,  Sordes. 

RHYPTICA,  Detergents. 

RHYPTICUS,  Abstergent. 

RHT8IS,  Flux. 

RHYSMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYSSEMA,  Wrinkle. 

RHYTHM,  Rhythmut,  'pvSfioi;,  Rhyamtte,  (F.) 
Rhythme,  '  measured  movement.'  The  order  of 
proportion,  as  regards  time,  which  reigns  between 
the  different  movements  of  an  organ  —  as  of  the 
organism  in  health  and  disease.  Thus,  rhythm 
is  applied  to  the  diurnal  variations  of  the  pulse; 
and  to  the  paroxysmal  movements  of  an  inter- 
mittent. 

RHYTHMICAL,  Periodical. 

Rhythmical  Contractions  of  Museum  are 
•\  those  that  succeed  one  another  after  regular  in- 

RHYTHMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RIB,  Costa — r.  False,  see  Costa  —  r.  Floating, 
h  see  Costa  —  r.  Sternal,  see  Costa — r.  True,  see 
Costa, 
RIBES  GROSSULARIA,  11.  uva  erlspa, 
Ribks  Nigrum,  R.  ol'idum,  Groeeula'ria  nigra, 
Caeeie,    Bind:    Currant,    (J«zcl,    (F.)   Groat 


Ord.  GrossnlacesB.      Sex. 


'entan- 


dris  Monogynia.  The  berries — Black  currant* — 
have  been  recommended  in  sore-throat,  as  diu- 
retics. The  leaves  have  been  advised  for  the 
same  purpose.  They  are  chiefly  used  a>  pres<  \\  ea, 

Rims  OliDUM,  R.  nigrum  —  r.  Officinale,  R. 
rnhrum. 

Rises  Rubimm,  R.  officina'U  seu  vulga'ri, 
Groeeula'ria  u<m  epino'ea  seu  rubra,  Red  cur- 
rant, (F.)  OroeeiUier  rouge;  of  which  the  White 
is  only  a  variety.  It  is  cultivate. 1.  and  affords 
an  agreeable  fruit — Red  currant*,  (F.)  Oroeeillee. 

It  | esses  the  qualities  of  the  subacid  fruits  in 

general,  and  makes  an  excellent  preserve. 

Ribbs  Ova  Crisp  a,  R.  groeeula'ria,  Common 
■  ri/.  The  fruit  —  Groeeula'ria,  (F.)  U><>- 
eeille  a  maquereau,  Oooeeberry,  Feaberry  —  is 
agreeable,  and  makes  a  good  preserve. 

RlBBB   V\  i  <■  mm  .   R.  rnhrum. 

RIBGRASS,  Plantago  lanceolata. 
RIBS,  NECK  OP  Tin:.  Collum  costarum—  r. 
Short,  see  Costa. 
RIBWORT,  Plantago  Yirginica. 


RICE 


804 


RISUS 


RICE,  Oryza— r.  Disease,  Cholera—  r.  Ground, 
see  Oryza — r.  Jelly,  see  Oryza. 

Rice  Water,  see  Oryza.  The  evacuations  of 
cholera  have  been  termed  —  from  their  resem- 
blance to  rice-water — 'rice-water  discharges;' 
and  in  India,  '  congee  discharges:'  —  congee  in 
Hindoostanee  meaning  '  rice-water.' 

Rice,  Wild,  Zizania  aquatica.' 

RICHARDSONIA,  see  Ipecacuanha. 

RICHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

RICIIWEED,  Actaea  racemosa,  Ambrosia  tri- 
fida,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Pilea  pumila. 

R/C/X,  Ricinus  communis. 

RICINOIDES,  Jatropha  curcas. 

RICINUS  COMMU'NIS,  from  ricinus,  'a 
tick,'  which  its  seed  resembles  ;  Ricinus  vulga'ris 
sen  I'l-'idis,  Palm  a  Christi,  Catapu'tia  major, 
Faba  purga'trix,  Cerua,  Kerua,  Cici,  Castor  oil- 
plant, (F.)  Ricin,  Fere  purgatif.  Ord.  Euphor- 
biacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  Cas- 
tor-oil seeds,  whence  the  oil  is  obtained,  are  in- 
odorous ;  taste  acrid  and  slightly  sweetish.  One 
or  two  seeds  —  Sem'ina  Catapu'tia  majo'ris  seu 
Ric"ini  vulga'ris — will  act  as  a  cathartic  ;  but  the 
oil  is  alone  used.  It  is  obtained  by  bruising  the 
castoi*-seeds,  previously  decorticated,  and  then 
expressing  the  oil  without  the  application  of  heat. 
Recently-drawn  castor  oil,  Oleum  de  kerva  seu 
hervi'num,  Alker'va,0.  Ric"ini  seu  Cic"inum  seu 
Palmes  liq'uidum  seu  de  Palmd  Christi, —  in  the 
United  States  often  called  simply  Oil,  (F.)  Huile 
de  Ricin — is  inodorous  and  nearly  insipid.  It  is 
cathartic,  operating  speedily,  and  may  be  used  in 
all  cases  where  powerfully  stimulating  purgatives 
would  be  injurious.  Dose,  f  5p  to  f^iss.  Hufe- 
land  recommends  that  a  drop  of  croton  oil  shall 
be  added  to  an  ounce  of  the  oil  of  poppy,  and  that 
the  mixture  shall  be  called  O'leum  Ric'ini  Offi- 
cinale. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  the  oil  is  obtained 
from  Ricinus  h'v'idus. 

A  variety  of  Ricinus  at  Cape  Yerd  is  employed 
by  the  inhabitants  to  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  poultice,  made 
with  the  green  leaves,  to  the  mamma?,  or  of  a 
strong  decoction,  with  which  the  mammas  and 
the  external  parts  of  generation  are  washed. 

RlClNUS  Lividus,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  r. 
Major,  Jatropha  curcas — r.  Minor,  Jatropha  ma- 
nibot  —  r.  Tiridis,  R.  communis  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R. 
communis. 

RICK.  Malleolus. 

RICKETS,  Rachitis. 

RICKETY,  Rachiticus. 

RICTUS  LUPOUS,  see  Harelip. 

RIDE,  Wrinkle. 

RIDE,  Wrinkled. 

RIDING  (of  Bones).  Ossium  superposit"io, 
(F.)  Chrvanchement.  Displacement  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a  bone,  chiefly  produced  by  the  contrac- 
tion of  muscles,  which  occasions  shortening  of 
the  limb;  the  fractured  extremities  riding  over 
each  other  instead  of  being  end  to  end. 

Rit)INtg-hag,  Incubus. 

RIFE,  (Sax.)  pype,  (Prov.)  Brief.  Prevail- 
ing; as  applied  to  diseases. 

RIFT.  Eructation. 

RIGIDITAS,  Rigidity. 

Rigiditas  Articulo'rum,  Ancylo'sis  spu'ria. 
Stiffness  of  the  joints.     False  ancylosis. 

RIGIDITY,  Rigidity— r.  Cadaverique,  see  Ri- 
gidirv. 

RIGIDITY, Rigid'itas,  from  rigere,  'to stiffen,' 
(F.)  Rigidite,  Roideur,  Raideur.  Great  stiffness 
of  fibre,  or  want  of  suppleness.  The  stiffness 
of  the  dead  body,  Cadav'eric  rigidity,  (F.)  Roideur 
ou  Rigidite.  cadaverique,  is  one  of  the  signs  of 
the  cessation  of  life.     It  may  be  removed,  how- 


ver,  for  a  time,  by  the  injection  into  the  arterios 
j  of  oxygenated  defibrinated  blood.  See  Rigor 
mortis. 

RI'GOR,  Rhigos,  Algor,  Coldness,  Cheim'in, 
(F.)  Frisson.  Same  etymon.  Sensation  of  cold, 
with  involuntary  shivering  or  shaking  of  the  whole 
body: — a  symptom  of  fever.  A  slighter  degree, 
and  at  times  full  rigor,  is  occasionally  termed  a 
chill,  (Prov.)  cream  ;  frig  us  ten'ue,  perfrigera'tio. 

Rigor  Artuum,  Contractura  —  r.  Cadaverosus, 
Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Corporis  mortui,  Rigor  mortis 
— r.  Emortualis,  Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Maxilla?  infe- 
rioris,  Trismus. 

Rigor  Mortis,  R.  cor'poris  mor'tui  seu  cada- 
vero'sus  seu  emortua'lis,  Necronarce' ma,  (F.)  Roi- 
deur ou  Raideur  ou  Rigidite  cadaverique.  '  Stiff- 
ness  of  death.'  Death  stiffening.  The  rigidity 
of  limbs  that  occurs  on  dissolution.   See  Rigidity. 

Rigor  Nervorum,  Tetanus  —  r.  Nervosus,  Te- 
tanus. 

RIMA,  Schisma,  Schiza;  'a  fissure,  a  cleft:' 
as  Rima  seu  Ri'mula  Glot'tidis  seu  Laryn'gis,  the 
opening  of  the  glottis.  Rima  seu  R.  magna  vulva, 
Intro'itus,  Sinus  vulva?,  Scapha,  Scajyhus  seu  Fis- 
su'ra  magna  seu  Scissu'ra  vulva,  Schiza,  the 
opening  of  the  vulva.  See  Vulva.  Rima  oris, 
the  opening  of  the  mouth. 

Rima  Caxalis  Orbitarii,  Suborbitar  fissure  — 
r.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  cerebri  —  r.  Laryngis, 
Rima  glottidis — r.  Magna  Vulvae,  see  Rima  —  r. 
Oris,  see  Rima — r.  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  brain — r.  Vulva?,  see  Rima. 

RIM.E,  Rhagades. 

RIMULA  GLOTTIDIS,  Rima  glottidis  —  r. 
Laryngis,  Rima  glottidis. 

RINiEUS,  Compressor  naris. 

RINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RING,  (Sax.)  hpins,  pins,  (Germ.)  Ring, 
Cricos,  (F.)  Anneau.  A  name  given  to  natural, 
circular,  or  roundish  apertures,  with  muscular  or 
aponeurotic  parietes,  which  serve  for  the  passage 
of  some  vessel  or  canal  :  —  as  the  umbilical  ring, 
inguinal  ring,  &c. 

RINGS,  FESTOONED,  Annuli  fibro-cartila- 
ginei — r.  Fibro-cartilaginous,  Annuli  fibro-carti- 
laginei. 

RING-FINGER,  Annular  finger. 

RINGMAN,  Annular  finger. 

RINGWORM,  Herpes  circinatus  —  r.  of  the 
Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  r.  Ulcerative,  Herpes 
exedens  —  r.  Vesicular,  Herpes  prasputii. 

RIO  VINAIGRO,  Passambio.  A  stream  of 
some  size  in  New  Grenada,  which  is  strongly  im- 
pregnated with  sulphuric  acid. 

RIRE  ou  RIS,  Risus — r.  Canin.  Canine  laugh 
—  r.  Moqueur,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Sardonien,  Ca- 
nine laugh,  Risus  sardonicus  —  r.  Sardonique, 
Canine  laugh. 

RISAGON,  Cassumuniar. 

RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISING,  see  Regurgitation — r.  of  the  Lights, 
Cynanche  traehealis. 

Rising  or  Eleva'tion  op  the  Pulse,  Pulsus 
eleva'tio.  The  pulse  is  said  to  rise,  when  it  be- 
comes more  full  and  frequent,  as  occurs  in  the 
exacerbation  of  acute  diseases. 

RISO'RIUS  NOV  US.  Santorini  gives  this 
name  to  a  portion  of  the  platysma  myoides, 
which  passes  from  the  cheek  towards  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips. 

RISSIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISUS,  from  ridere,  visum,  'to  laugh.'  Gelus, 
Laughing,  Laughter,  Laugh,  (F.)  Hire  ou  Ris. 
An  involuntary  movement  of  the  muscles  of  the 
face,  and  of  the  lips  in  particular,  accompanied 
with  a  sonorous  and  interrupted  respiration,  com- 
monly indicating  mirth  and  satisfaction. 

Risus  Apium,  Ranunculus  sceleratus  —  r.  Ca- 
ninus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Involuntarius,  Canine 


RITA-CRISTIXA 


805 


EOS AGE 


laugh  —  r.  Sardonicus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Spa.-ti- 
oine  laugh. 
KIT  L-CRISTINA.     A  celebrated double  mon- 
ster,  born   in   Sardinia,  in    1829.      It  lived  to  be 
nearly  nine  month*  old.  Two  distinct  bodies  were 

united  at  the  pelvis.  Below,  the  monster  was  single. 

RIVER  WEED,  Conferva  rivalis. 

RIVING,  Eructation. 

R1Z.  Ury/.a. 

ROAN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

ROB,  Koob,  Kobub,  Hokob,  Rohab,  (T.)Ertrait 

lit*.      This   word,    of  Arabic   extraction, 

means  the  juice  of  any  fruit  thickened  to  the 

of  honey  by  evaporation,  before  it 

has  fermented.     The  juice  of  the  grape,  boiled  to 

tiiis  consistence,  was  called  Sapa,  and,  when  not 

thick,  Defru'tum. 

Rob  Ctnosbatos,  Confectio  rosea  eaninsB — r. 
l-x  Moris,  Diamorion  —  r.  Nucum,  Diaearyon. 

ROBIN-RUN-AWAY,  Glechoma  hederacea, 

ROBIN-RUN-THE-HEDGE,  Galium  aparine. 

ROBIN'IA      AMA'RA,     Ord.     Legnminose. 

if.  Diadelphia  Dccandria     The  roots  of 

the  Robinia  aniara  of  Cochin  China  are  bitter, 

and  have  been  recommended,  especially  in  that 

country,  in  diarrhoea  and  dyspepsia 

Robinia    Psectdo-Aca'cia,   Peeudaoa'cia  odo- 

ra'tn,  Fa  It  e  Aca'cia,  Black  Locust,  Locust-tree ; 

native  of  America      The   flowers  are  said  to  pos- 

itispasmodic  properties,  and  the  bark  of  the 

root  to  be  emetic  and  cathartic. 

ROBORANS,  Corroborant. 

ROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 

ROBUB,  Rob. 

ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roceella  — r.  Tinctoria, 
Lichen  roceella. 

BOCHE'S  EMBROCATION  FOR  IIOOPING- 
COUGU.  An  empirical  preparation,  composed 
of  nl.  olio.  §xvj,  <>l.  succin.  ^viij,  ul.  oaryoph., 
scent  it  strongly. 

ROOBER,  see  Temporal  bone. 

ROCHETTA  ALEXANDRINA,  Soda. 

ROCKBRIDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS,  see  Vir- 
ginia, mineral  waters  of. 

ROCKET,  GARDEN,  Brassica  eruea  — r.  Ro- 
man, Brassies  eruea. 

ROCK  ROSE,  llelianthenium  Canadense,  II. 
Corymbosum. 

lint'OW  Terra  Orleana. 

RODDIKIN,  Abomasns. 

RODENS,  see  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RODEN-TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RODSCIIIEDIA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

ROGNE,  Psora. 

Roll  A 15.  Rob. 

ROHENA  BARK,  Swietenia. 

R0HOB,  Rob. 

ROIIUN.  see  Strvchnos  nux  vomica. 

ROIDEUR,  Rigidity  — r.  Cadafrique,  Rigor 
mortis. 

ROISDORFF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Alkaline  waters  in  Germany,  which  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

ROLLER,  Bandage,  Fascia, 

R  OMAR  IN,  Rosmarinus — r.  den  Jlfarais,  Sta- 
tice  limonium  —  r.  Sauvage,  Ledum  svlvestre. 

ROME,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  "climate  of 
.  as  regards  its  physical  qualities,  is  con- 
lidered  to  be  one  of  the  best  in  Italy.  It  is  pe- 
culiarly still;  and,  hence,  has  been  esteemed 
favourable  as  a  winter  climate  in  pulmonary  dis- 

and  for  invalids  generally,  as   it  admits   of 
their  taking  exercise  in   the  open   air  at  a  lower 
temperature  than   they   otherwise  could   do.     In 
kriy  stages  of  consumption,  Sir  James  Clark 
generally  found  the  climate  favourable. 
ROMPEURE,  Hernia. 
HOMI'T-l'lERRE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 


RONCE,  Rubus  idseus  — r.  Bleue,  Rul 
sius — r.   de   Montagne,  Rubus  chauncinorus  —  r. 
Noire,  Rubus  Bruticosus. 

RONCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

BOND,  Round  —  '"•  Grand,  Teres  major  —  r. 
/'<  tit,  Teres  minor. 

RON  B,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RONFLEMENTy  Snoring,  Stertor,  sec  Rattlo 
—  ;•.  de  Diable,  Bruit  de  iJiab/e. 

RONNACHS\  Triticum  repens. 

RONNING,  Rennet. 

II OOP,  Rob. 

ROOF  OF  THE  MOUTH,  Palate. 

ROOM,  Pityriasis. 

ROOT,  Radix  — r.  Ague,  Aletris  farinosa —  r. 
Kilter,  Apoeynuin  androssmifolium  —  r.  Canada, 
Asclepias  tuberosa — r.  Colic,  Aletris — r.  Red,  Ce- 
lastrus,  Laohnanthes  tinctoria — r.  Rough,  Eiatris. 

Root  of  Scarcity,  Beta  hybrids* 

Root,  Squaw,  Actsea  raeemosa — r.  Sweet,  Aco- 
rus  calamus  —  r.  Unicorn,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
White,  Ligusticum  aotmofolium — r.  Yellow,  Xan- 
thoma apiifolia,  Jefl'ersonia  Rartoni. 

ROPE,  Nanus. 

Ropb  Bark,  Dirca  palustris. 

ROQUETTE,  Brassica  eruea,  Soda. 

RORELLA,  Drosera  rotundifolia, 

RORIF'EROUS,  Ror'i/er,  (F.)  Rorifire,  from 
roe,  roris,  '  dew,'  and  ferre,  'to  carry.'  An  epithet 
given  to  vessels  which  pour  exhaled  fluids  on  the 
surface  of  organs. 

Rorifkhous  Duct,  Thoracic  duct. 

ROS,  Sperm — r.  Calahrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus — 
r.  Solis,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSA,  CjoSuv,)  R.  oentifolia  —  r.  Afzeliana,  R. 
can  in  a. 

Rosa  Alba,  11.  uoitntie'aitna  seu  leucan'tha. 
The  White  Rote,  (F.)  Rosier  blano.  Ord.  Ro- 
sacea?. Sex.  Si/st.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  Tho 
flowers  of  this  species  possess  similar  but  inferior 
qualities  to  the  damask. 

Rosa  Armata,  R.  canina — r.  Asturica,  see  Pel- 
lagra— r.  Austriaca,  R.  Gallica  —  r.  Calycina,  R. 
canina. 

Rosa  Cani'na,  R.  selves' tria  seu  tentieo'sa  seu 
Sicartzia'na  seu  Afzelia'na  sen  arma'ta  seu  caly- 
ci')ta  seu  rubra  vuUja'ris,  Cynor'rhodon,  Caniru'- 
bus,  Cani'nus  Send*,  Cynocyt'isus,  Cyuospas'tum, 
Cynos' bates,  J)<><j  rose,  Wild  Briar,  JJij>  Tree, 
(F.)  Rote  dn  chieii,  Eglantier  de  ehien,  E.  tau- 
vaije.  The  fruit  of  this  variety,  called  Hep*  or 
Hips,  Hop*,  (Sc.)  Dogkip,  has  a  sourish  taste,  and 
is  formed  into  a  conserve.  See  Confectio  eynos- 
bati.  It  is  seldom  employed,  except  to  give  form 
to  more  active  remedies;  as  to  pills,  boluses, 
linctuses,  «tc. 

Rosa  Centifo'lia,  Rosa,  R.  Damasce'na  seu 
Pal'lida,  Hecatompbyl'la,  Damask  Rout,  Hun- 
dred leaved  or  Cabbage  rote,  (F.)  Rosier  d  cent 
feuilles,  Rhodon.  The  petals  of  this  rose  have  an 
extremely  fragrant  odour,  and  sub-acidulous  taste. 
They  are  laxative:  but  are  scarcely  used  for  any 
purposes  except  for  the  distillation  of  rose  water, 
Oil  of  Rotes,  Oleum  Rota,  Attar.  Otto  or  / 
of  Rotet,  and  the  formation  of  a  syrup. 

Rosa  DAMA80ENA,  R.  centifolia. 

Rosa    Gal'UCA,   R.    Austriaca   seu   rubra.  Red 

Rote,  (F.)  Rosier  de  Provini.     The  petals  of  this 

variety  are  astringent;  and  are  used  in  infusion, 
conserve,  <fec. 

Rosa  IiKi -i'antha,  R.  alba — r.  Pallida,  R.  cen- 
tifolia— r.  Rubra,  R.  Gallics — r.  Rubra  vulgaris. 
R.  canina — r.  Saltan.-,  EsserS  —  r.  Senticosa,  K. 
canina  —  r.  Swart/.iana,  R.  canina — r.  Sylvestiis, 
It.  canina  —  r.  Usatitissima,  R.  alba. 

ROSACE,  Roseola. 

ROSACEUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSACE,  Nerium  oleander,  Rhododendron 
chrysanthemum. 


ROSAGO 


06 


ROTTLERA   TINCTORIA 


ROSAGO.  Nerium  oleander. 
ROSALIA,  Scarlatina. 
ROSALIiE.  Scarlatina. 
JiOSAT,  Rhodinus. 
ROSATUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSE,  Erysipelas — r.  Cabbage,  Rosa  centi- 
foliji — r.  Campion,  Lychnis  githago — r.  Christinas, 
Helleborus  niger — r.  Corn,  Papaver  rhoeas — r.  Da- 
mask, Rosa  centifolia  —  r.  Dog,  Rosa  canina  —  r. 
Dog,  conserve  or  confection  of,  Confectio  rosae 
canina?. 

ROSE  DU  CHIEN,  Rosa  canina. 
Rose,  Hundred- leaved,  Rosa  centifolia  —  r. 
Murine,  Rosmarinus. 
Rose  Rash,  Roseola. 

Rose,  Red,  Rosa  Gallica  —  r.  Rock,  Helian- 
theinum  Coryuibosum. 

ROSE  DE  SIBERIE,  Rhododendron  crysan- 
themum — r.  Spots,  Spots,  red. 
Rose,  White,  Rosa  alba. 
ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

ROSEBALM.  SCARLET,  Monarda  coccinea. 
ROSEBAY,    AMERICAN,     Rhododendron 
maximum. 

ROSE-DROP.  Gutta  rosea. 
ROSEE  DU  SO  LEI  L,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 
ROSELLINA,  Roseola?. 

ROSEMARY.  Rosmarinus  —  r.  Marsh,  Statice 
limonium,  and  S.  Caroliniana  —  r.  Wild,  Erioce- 
phalus  umbellulatus. 

ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Rosenheim  is  34  miles  S.  E.  from  Munich,  in 
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
rides of  calcium  and  magnesium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron.  They  are  used  as  tonics. 
ROSE'OLA,  Exanthe'sis  Roseola,  Rose  Rash, 
(F.)  Roseole,  Eruption  anomale,  Rosace,  Fievre 
rouge,  Efflorescence  erysipelateuse,  from  rosa,  'the 
rose,'  on  account  of  the  colour.  An  efflorescence 
in  blushing  patches,  gradually  deepening  to  a 
rose-colour,  mostly  circular  or  oval;  often  alter- 
natelj'  fading  and  reviving:  sometimes,  with  a 
colourless  nucleus ;  and  chiefly  on  the  cheeks, 
neck,  or  arms.  It  is  frequently  found,  as  a 
symptom,  in  dentition,  dyspepsia,  rheumatism, 
Ac,  and  is  of  no  consequence.  See  Roseola, 
Rubeola,  and  Scarlatina. 

Roseola  Achosa,  Gutta  rosea. 
Roseola  JSsti'va.     The  affection  which  pre- 
vails in  summer.     The    eruption  is  of  a  darker 
colour,  and  is  attended  with  more  itching. 

Roseola  Annula'ta.  Characterized  by  patches 
in  the  form  of  rose-coloured  rays,  with  central 
areas  of  the  colour  "of  the  skin. 

Roseola  Ficosa,  Sycosis  —  r.  Typhosa,  Spots, 
red — r.  Variolosa,  Roseola?. 

ROSE'OLA,  Roseola,  Roselli'na,  Rube'ola 
spuria,  False  or  French  measles,  (F.)  Roseole, 
Fausse  rongeoh.  This  name  is  also  given  by  some 
to  an  acute  exanthem,  midway  between  measles 
and  scarlatina,  and  which  belongs  to  neither  one 
nor  the  other,  as  it  affords  no  protection  against 
either.  It  is,  also,  termed  Rubeola  by  some,  and 
Rube'oloid,  a  term,  which  is  applicable  to  any 
eruption  resembling  rubeola.  An  eruption  which 
often  precedes  that  of  small-pox  is  termed  Roseola 
Variola' sa. 
ROSEOLE,  Roseola,  Roseola?. 
ROSE  PINK,  Chironia  angularis. 
ROSES,  MILK  OF.  A  cosmetic  wash,  formed, 
according  to  one  method,  of  subcarbonate  of  po- 
tass, gr.  vj  :  oil  of  almonds,  ^j  ;  essence  of  berga- 
viot,  ^i]  :  aqucB  rosoB,  ^iijj  orange  floicer  water, 
#j.      Mix. 

ROSEUS,  Rhodinus. 
ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium  lignum. 
ROSEWORT,  Rhodia. 


ROSIER   BLANC,  Rosa  alba— r.  «v  Cent  feu 
illes,  R.  centifolia  —  r.  de  Provins,  Rosa  Gallica. 
ROSIN,  BLACK,  Colophonia— r.  Brown,  Colo 
phonia. 

Rosin  Weed,  Silphium  laciniatum. 
Rosin,  White,  see  Piuus  sylvestris — r.  Yellow, 
see  Pinus  svlvestris. 

ROSIO  STOMACHI,  Cardialgia  —  r.  Yentri- 
culi,  Cardialiria. 

ROSMARINUS,  Rosmarinus. 
ROSMARINUS,  R.  officinalis  seu  latif/lius 
seu  horten'sis,  Alchachil,  Libano'tis  corona'rik, 
Dendrolib'anns,  Rosemary,  (F.)  Romarin,  Rose 
marine,  Encensier ;  Ord.  Labiate.  Sex.  Sy*t. 
Diandria  Monogynia.  The  tops  of  this  plant, 
Rosmarinus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hcrb((  Authos,  have  a 
fragrant,  grateful  smell  ;  and  an  aromatic,  warm, 
bitterish  taste,  which  is  dependent  upon  an  es- 
sential oil,  combined  with  camphor.  Rosemary 
has  been  recommended  in  nervous  headachs.  in 
the  form  of  infusion.  It  is  now  rarely  used,  ex- 
cept for  its  odour.  The  flower  is  called  Authos, 
ai$o$.  Its  oil —  Oleum  Rosmarini  —  is  oftk-inal. 
From  two  to  six  or  ten  drops  are  given  in  nervous 
complaints,  rubbed  up  with  sugar. 

Rosmarinus  Hortensis,  Rosmarinus — r.  Lati- 
folius,  Rosmarinus — r.  Officinalis,  Rosmarinus  — 
r.  Stoechadis  facie,  Teucrium  creticum  —  r.  Syl- 
vestris, Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROSSALIA,  Scarlatina — r.  Squamosa,  Scarla- 
tina. 

ROSSIGXOL.     A  name  given,  in  France,  to 
an  affection   to  which  pressmen  are  subject.     It 
j  is  a  sprain,  followed  by  tumefaction  of  the  radio- 
carpal joint. 

ROSSOLIO,  see  Spirit. 

ROSTRUM.  Eliinchos,  Rinclios,  Ramphos,  'a 
I  beak.'  (F.)  Bee.  A  name  given  to  several  old 
forceps,  on  account  of  their  resemblance  to  the 
j  beaks  of  different  birds.  The  principal  were  the 
|  Rostrum  eorvi'num,  anati'uum,  psittaci'nnm,  vid- 
|  turi'num,  cyg'neum  seu  olori'num,  grui'num,  lacer- 
ti'num,  &c 

Rostrum  Externum,  Olecranon — r.  Porcinum, 
Acromion — r.  Posterius,  Olecranon  —  r.  Sphenoi- 
dale, Azyges  processus. 

ROSY    BETTY,    Erigeron    bellidifolium  —  r. 
Bush,  Spiraea  tomentosa — r.  Drop,  Gutta  rosea — 
r.  AVhelk,  Gutta  rosea. 
ROT,  Eructation. 
ROT,  Grinders'.  Asthma,  grinders'. 
ROT'ACISM,   Rotocism'us,   Rottacismus,   Rho- 
tacis'mus,  Psellis'mus  rhvtacis'mus,  (F.)  Grasseye- 
ment.     A  vicious  pronunciation  of  the  Greek,  F, 
Ran,  common  in  the  northern  parts  of  England  ; 
especially    near    Newcastle.      Called,    there,   the 
Burr  or  Burrh. 

ROTACISMUS,  Grasseyement,  Rotacism. 
ROTA'TOR,  from  rotare,  rotation,  (rota,  'a 
wheel,')  'to  turn  round,' (F.)  Rotateur.  A  name 
given  to  several  muscles  that  turn  the  parts  to 
which  they  are  attached  upon  their  axes  ; — such 
as  the  oblique  muscles  of  the  eyes,  the  pronators, 
supinators,  &c. 

Rotator,  Trochanter. 

Rotato'res  Dorsi.  Eleven  small  muscles  on 
each  side  of  the  dorsal  vertebra?,  which  arise  from 
the  point  or  upper  edge  of  each  transverse  pro- 
cess, and  pass  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  arch  of 
the  vertebra  above,  as  far  as  the  base  of  the  trans- 
verse process.  Their  action  is  to  rotate  the  indi- 
vidual vertebrae  on  each  other. 

Rotatores  Femoris,  Obturatores — r.  Oculi, 
Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

ROTCOLL,  Cochlearia"  armoracia. 
ROTTACISMUS.  Rotacism. 
ROTTLE'RATINCTO'RIA.  Aeuphorbiaceous 
plant  of  India.     A  powder  is  attached  to  the  fruit 
,  capsule  of  this  plant,  which  is  brushed  off  and  col- 


ROTULA 


80 


RUBUS  AFFINIS 


lee'ed  when  the  fruit  is  dry.     It  is  called  Kawteyla, 
ii  Northern  India  as  a  vermifuge  for  dogs  : 
aii'l  baa  proved  effectual  against  tapeworm  in  man. 
The  il  three  drachma,  which  • 

ROTULA,  Patella,  Trochiscus — r.  Genu,  Pa- 
tella. 

ROTULAD,  see  Rotalar  aspect. 
ROT'ULAR;  from   rofwfa,  'the  patella.'     Re- 

r  appertaining  to  the  patella. 
Rot'dlar    Aspbct.      An   aspect    towards   the 
aide  on  which  the  rotola  if  situated. —  B 
Mat'ulad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially, 
ifv  'towards  the  rotular  asp< 
RO  !  i  /./'.  Patella. 

.  U'LIAN,  Rotulia'nu*,  (F.)  Rotulie*.     Re- 
»  or  belonging  to  the  rotula  or  patella. 
...ml. 
ROVCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 
ROUEN,    MINER  \l.    WATERS    OF.     This 
known  nnder  the  name,  Ban  de*  fontaine* 
.  is  cold,  and  contains  carbonate 
of  iron,  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride 
of  calcium,  Ac.     It  is  ttuiic. 

ROUGE,   Colcothar  —  r.  d'Anglei 
thar — r.  Je  Prusse,  Colcothar  —  /•.  dit  Sang,  lhc- 
matin. 

ROUGEOLE.  Rubeola— r.  Fau**e,  Roeeolse. 
ROUGEURS,  Flush. 
ROUGH    ROOT.  Liatris. 
■'"//.  I.E.  Rubiginoos. 
ROULEMENT  DU  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 
ROUND,  T(  -et,  Rotun'dn*,  (P.)  Rand.     Ana- 

-  have  given    this    name  to  many  organs 
fibres  are  collected  in  round  fasciculi.    See 

Rodktj    Foramkv,    Fora'me*    rotund1  um.      A 
foramen  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  little  behind  the 
■  ax,  which  gives  | 
I  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  of  nerves. 
;  titpt  rior  maxillary. 
Rof.Ni>  EI  s  art,  Thaspium  atropurpureum. 
KoiM)  LieAVBirra  of  tiik  Uterus,  Ligamen'ta 
rotund' a    Vteri,  (P.)    Cordon*  tut-pubien*  (Ch.), 
Cordon*  vatculairet,  Ligament*  rand*  de  I 'uterus. 
rds.  which  arise  from   the  lateral  and  su- 
perior parts  of  the  uterus,  whence  they  proceed 
towards  the   abdominal  rings,  which   they  pass 
through,  and  terminate  by  vanishing  in  the  areo- 
lar tissue   of  the  groins,  mons  veneris,  and   labia 
i.     These  cords  are  whitish,  flattened,  and 
narrower  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities. 
According    to    Mr.   Rainey,    they    are    composed 
of  the  striped  muscular  fibre. 
P,  Cynanche  trachealis,  Raucedo. 
ROURE.Rhw  eoriaria. 
ROUTINE  PRACTITIONER,  Routiniat 
ROUTINIST,     pronounced     routeen'i$t ;     (T.) 
Routinier  ;  from  (F.)  routine,  'a  regular  habit  or 
practice,  unvaried  by  circumstances.'     One  who 

-  -  in   such  an  unvaried  manner:  —  a  rou- 
tine practitioner. 

ROVE,  Scab. 

TNG,  Delirium. 
ROWLAND'S  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  mine- 
ral P  R  I 

ROWTING,  Snoring. 
RUBBER,  INDIAN,  Caoutchouc. 
RUBBING   SOUND,  Bruit  de  Frottememt 
RCBE'DO,  Rubor,  'redness;1  from  rul 
he  red.'     A  diffused,  but  not  spotted,  rein.--  on 
any  part  of  the  skin  ;  like  that  which  arises  from 
blushing.     Blushing. 

RUBBPA'CIENT,   Eretnie'ma,    BrttkWtiemm, 

i,    from    ruber,    'red.'  and  facia,   'I 

make"      (F.)    RubS/tant.      That    which    produces 

A   medicine  which    causes   redness  of 

ition  ii  called  Rube/at  (ion. 

Rill  Ell  AST,  Rubefacient. 


RUBB'OLA,  Rubeola  wulga'rie,  from  rul,r>.  'I 
am  red.'    Roee'ole*,  Bxanthe'n*  Unix, In,  1 

mi,   IP  ■  0,  Mmbil'll, 

Scarlati'na  puetulo'ea  sen  wtilirn'ri*,  Febri*  mor- 
billo'ea,  Typhus  morbilloeue,  Pkamieia'mu*,  file- 
phy'mata,  M  -         JrYrfet,  (  I' 

-.  .l/<r//*.  Maul**,  Meaelingt,  (P.J  Rougeolr, 
morbilleu**.  One  of  the  major  exanthe- 
mata :  generally  affecting  individuals  but  one.-. 
and  produced  by  specific  contagion.  Tl 
usually  appears  on  the  fourth,  but  sometimes  on 
the  third,  fifth,  or  sixth  day  <>f  a  febrile  disorder; 
and.  after  a  continuance  of  four  days,  gradually 
declines  with  the  fever.  The  disease  generally 
commences  from  ten  to  fourteen  days  after  the 
contagion  has  been  received.  The  eruption  first 
itself  in  distinct,  red,  and  nearly  circular 
Bpots,  somewhat  less  than  the  ordinary  areola'  of 
flea-bites.  As  these  increase  in  number,  they 
coalesce:  forming  small  patches  of  an  irregular 
figure,  but  approaching  nearest  to  that  of  semi- 
circles <>r  orescents.  These  patches  are  inter- 
mixed with  single,  circular  dots  ami  with  inter- 
stices of  the  natural  colour  of  the  .-kin.  On  the 
face  they  are  slightly  raised,  SO  a.-  to  L'ive  the 
sensation  of  inequality  of  surface  to  th< 
passed  over  the  cuticle.  The  disappearance  of 
I  the  eruption  is  followed  by  desquamation  of  the 
cuticle.  Measles  is  not  dangerous  of  itself;  but 
it  is  liable  to  induce  pneumonia  in  winter,  and 
dysentery  in  summer,  which  are,  at  times,  very 
fatal.  These  are  apt  to  come  on  at  the  time  of, 
or  soon  after,  the  disappearance  of  the  eruption. 
When  they  supervene,  they  must  be  treated  as 
idiopathic  affections.  It  demands  a  general  anti- 
phlogistic treatment.  Willan  has  pointed  out  a 
kind  of  RuBBOLJ  BPU'RIA,  which  he  calls  RttBR- 
ot.A  fine  CatAR'RHO.  In  this  the  rash  runs  its 
regular  course,  with  little  fever  or  catarrhal  affec- 
tion ;  affording  no  certain  security  against  tho 
common  or  regular  disease.  He  also  gives  tie 
name,  RUBEOLA  NiGKA  or  BLACK  MbaSLBS,  ?•> 
an  unusual  appearance  of  the  measles  about  the 
seventh  or  eighth  day,  when  the  ra>h  becomes 
suddenly  livid,  with  a  mixture  of  yellow.  It  is 
devoid  of  inconvenience  or  danger;  and  is  re- 
moved in  a  week  or  ten  days  by  the  mineral  acids 
and  tonics. 

Ri-bf.oi.a  Spuria,  Roseolae. 

RUBEOLA,  Roc 

KT'P.KOLOID.  see  Roseola?. 

RF'BIA,  from  ruber,  'red.'  R.  Tincto'rum  sen 
peregrfna  sen  tylvet'tri*  zen  major,  Erythrod'- 
anum,  Radix  rubra,  Dyer**  Madder,  Madder,  [V .) 
Gurnncc.  Family,  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Sy*t.  Tetran- 
dria  Monogynia,  The  root  of  this  plant — Rubin, 
(Ph.  U.  S.) —  has  a  bitterish,  somewhat  austere, 
taste,  and  a  Blight,  not  agreeable,  smell.  They 
were  formerly  considered  deobstrueiit.  detergent, 
and  diuretic. 

RUBIG"INOUS,    Rnbigina'eu*.    from    rubigo, 
rubiginit,  'rust.'     (F.)  Rouilli.    Rusty.    Having 
the  colour  of  rust.    An  epithet  given  to  tbi 
in  certain  cases  of  pneumonia. 

RUBINUS  VERUS,  Anthrax. 

RUBOR,  Rnhedo. 

RUBRI'CA  FABRI'LTS,  from  rwBer,  'red.'  A 
red.  heavy,  earthy  matter,  formerly  employed  f<  r 
making  dry  ii  _  Hard  Ruddle,  Red  Chalk. 

Rubric  a  Sirop'ica.  A  heavy,  compact,  red- 
dish earth  :   formerly  used  in  diarrhoea. 

RUBRIN,  Qematin. 

RUBUS  APPINIS,  R.  frutlcosus;  allied  to 
mi,, ,-.  '  red.' 

I!i  ins  Ai'.c'tmts,  Shrubby  Strawberry,  Bare** 
Norland' ic-tr.     Ord.    Rosacea).      Sex.   Sy*t.    Ico- 
sandria   Polygynia.      The  fruit    is    recommended 
by  Linnaeus  as  possessing  antiseptic,  reft 
and  antiscorbutic  qualities. 


RUCKING 


808 


RUMINATION 


Rubus  Batus,  R.  csesius. 

RUBUS  C.e'sius.  R.  batus,  Dewberry  plant,  (F.) 
Ronce  bleue.  The  fruit  resembles  the  blackberry  ; 
in  appearance  and  properties.  The  bark  of  the 
root  of  J?.  Trivia'lis  seu  Canadensis  seu  proeum'- 
be»8  seu  flagella'ris,  American  Dewberry,  Loic 
Blackberry,  is  astringent. 

Rubus  Canadensis,  see  R.  caesius. 
Rubus  Cham.emo'rus,  Cloudberry  Tree,  Cha-\ 
wceiiio'ruft,  C.  Xorwegica,  Chamcedrys,  Cloud- 
berries, Knot-berries,  (F.)  Ronce  de  Jfontagne. 
The  ripe  fruit  is  sometimes  prepared  like  a  jam, 
and  used  in  fevers,  &c,  to  allay  thirst.  It  has 
been  much  extolled  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

Rubus  Flagf.llaris,  see  R.  caesius — r.  Fram- 
hoesianos,  R.  idseus  —  r.  Frondosus,  R.  fruti- 
cosus. 

Rubus  Frutico'sus,  R.  affi'nis  seu  panicula'- 
tits  seu  niger  seu  f rondo' sus  seu  vulga'ris;  Com- 
i.ion  Bramble,  which  affords  Blackberries,  (Prov.) 
Brambleberries,  Bumblekites,  (F.)  Ronce  noire. 
The  berries  are  eaten  as  a  summer  fruit,  of  which 
they  form  a  poor  variety.  The  bark  of  the  root 
of  the  Rubus  rillo'sus,  American  Blackberry,  High 
or  standing  blackberry,  Hairy  American  Bramble, 
is  astringent  and  has  been  used  in  the  last  stages 
of  dysentery,  and  in  cholera  infantum. 

Rl'BUS  Id.e'us,  R.frarnbcesia'nns,  Batos:  Rasp- 
berry, (F.)  Framboise,  Ronce.  The  fruit  of  the 
best  varieties  —  (Sc.)  Rasps,  (Prov.)  Hindberries 
—  is  extremely  agreeable  ;  and  is  much  used.  It 
was.  formerly,  called  Batinon  moron. 

Rubus  Niger,  R.  fruticosus  —  r.  Occidentalis, 
see  R.  strigosus — r.  Paniculatus,  R.  fruticosus — 
r.  Procumbens,  see  R.  caesius. 

Rl"BUS  Strigo'sus,  Wild  red  raspberry,  of  the 
United  States.  The  leaves  are  often  used  as  a 
mild  astringent,  as  well  as  those  of  Rubus  occi- 
dentalis, Black  Rasp'berry. 

Rubus  Trivialis,  see  Rubus  caesius  —  r.  Vil- 
losus,  see  Rubus  fruticosus  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R.  fru- 
ticosus. 

RUCKING.  Eructation. 

RUCTAMEN.  Eructation. 

RUCTATIO.  Eructation. 

RUCTUATIO.  Eructation. 

RUCTU03ITAS,  see  Eructation. 

RECTUS,  Eructation  —  r.  Acidus,  Oxyregmia 
—  r.  Nidorosus,  Cnissoregmia. 

RUDBECK'IA  LACINIA'TA,  Cone  flower. 
Thimble  weed;  indigenous:  Order,  Composite  ; 
is  diuretic,  and  has  been  given  in  nephritic  affec- 
tions. 

RUDDLE.  HARD,  Rubriea  fabrilis. 

RUDIMEN'TAL,  Rudimenta'lis,  (F.)  Rudi- 
mentaire,  from  rudimentum,  '  the  first  beginning.' 
That  which  is  but  slisrhtlv  developed. 

RUDOLPHIA  FRONDOSA,  Butea  frondosa. 

RUE,  Ruta— r.  Common,  Ruta— r.  de  Chevre, 
Galega  officinalis — r.  Goat's.  Galega  officinalis — 
r.  Groat's,  Virginia,  Galega  Virginiana  —  r.  Mea- 
dow. Thalictron  —  r.  des  Murailles,  Asplenium 
ruta  muraria  —  r.  des  Pres,  Thalictron  —  r.  Sau- 
vage,  Ruta. 

RUELLES.  Wrinkles. 

REFT,  Eructation. 

RUGA.  Wrinkle. 

RUG  IS E.  Raspatorium. 

EUGTSSEMEST,  Rugitus. 

RUGI'TUS,  Brycheth'mos,  from  rugire,  rngi- 
tum.  'to  roar.'  (F.)  Rugissement.  A  Latin  word, 
which  ordinarily  expresses  the  roaring  of  the  lion  : 
and  which  is  used,  by  some  medical  writers,  to 
designate  a  particular  species  of  borborygmus 
comnared  to  it. 

RUGOSE,  Wrinkled. 

RUGOUS.  Wrinkled. 

RUM,    Tafia,  Spir'itus  Jamaicen'sis,  Jlolas'ses 


Spirit,  (F.)  Rlum.    A  spirit  distilled  from  sugar, 
or  molasses.     See  Spirit. 
II  CM  A.  Mamma. 

RUMEN,  Hypogastrium,  Ingluvies. 
RUMEN  ACETOSELLA,  Sheep  Son-el,  Field 
Sorrel;  indigenous;  has  similar  virtues. 

Rim  ex    Aceto'sis,    R.    tubero'sus    seu    inter- 
me'dius,    Lap'athum  pratense,    Ox'alis    Aeeto'sa, 
Acetosa     vulga'ris     seu    pratoi'sis     seu     nostras, 
Anax'yria,  A.  arvoi'sis,   Sour  dock,  Sorrel.  Com- 
mon   Sorrel,   (Sc.)   Docken,   (F.)    Oseille,    Yinette, 
Aigrette,  Surelle.     Ord.  Polygonaceae.    Sex.  Syst. 
'.  Hexandria  Trigynia.     The  leaves  are  sour,  and 
|  are  used  in  cookery,  and  also  as  a  refrigerant. 
Rtrif  EX    ACU'TUS,     Sharp-pointed    Wild    dock, 
Ory lap'athum,  Lap'athum,  L.  sylves'tre  seu  acu'~ 
.  turn,  Rumex,   R.  p>dudo'sus  seu  jjusil'lus,  Lop'  a- 
thos,    (F.)    Patience    saurage.      A    decoction    of 
the  root  has  long  been  used  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.   It  is,  sometimes,  employed  for  the  cure  of 
\  the  itch. 

Rumex  JEtnexsis,  R.  scutatus. 
Rumex  Alpi'xus,  Acefo'sa  Alpi'na.     The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Monk's 
Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe  des  Moines.    See  Rumex 
patientia. 

Rumex  Aquaticus,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  — 
r.  Britannica.  Rumex  hydrolapathum  —  r.  Con- 
fertus,  R.  patientia — r.  Digynus,  Oxyria  reniformis 
— r.  Glaucus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Hastatus,  R.  scuta- 
tus—  r.  Hastifolius,  R.  Scutatus. 

Roiex    Hydrolap'athum.   Water-Dock,  (Old 

Eng.)  Brokeleak,  Hydrolapathum,  Rumex  aquat'- 

icus  seu  Britan'nica,  Herba   Britan'nica,   Lop'a- 

i  thiun    aquat'icum,    (F.)    Parelle,   Patience    d'eau. 

The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  subacid,  and  said  to 

be  laxative.     The  root  has  been  used  as  a  tonic, 

astringent,  and  antiscorbutic.     It  has  also  been 

employed  externally  in  some  cutaneous  affections. 

Rumex  Intermedins,  R.  aeetosus. 

Rl'MEX     Obtusifo'lius,    Lap'athum    sylvestre, 

Blunt-leaved  Dock,  Bitter  dock.    The  root  of  this, 

as  well    as  of  R.  Crispus,   Curled,  or  Sour,  or 

Yellow,  has  similar  virtues  to  those  of  the  other 

species.    Both  have  been  used  in  decoction  in  the 

same  cases  as  sarsaparilla. 

Rumex  Oxyotus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Paludosus, 
R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Patien'tia,  R.  confer'tus,  Lap'athinn 
horten'se.  Rhabar'barum  monacho'rum,  Hippo/ap'- 
athum,  Patien'tia,  Garden  Patience,  Monk's  Rhu- 
barb, (F.)  Patience,  Rhubarbe  saurage,  Parelle. 
This  root,  which  is  supposed  to  possess  the  vir- 
tues of  rhubarb,  but  in  an  inferior  degree,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Linnpeus,  obtained  from  the  Rumex 
i  patientia ;  according  to  Murray,  from  the  Rumex 
I   alpi'nus. 

Rumex  Pusillus,  R.  acutus. 
Rumex  Sanguineus.  The  root  of  the  bloody 
dock  or  bloody  veined  Dock,  has  an  austere  and 
astringent  taste:  and  has  been  employed  in  dys- 
entery. It  is  called,  also,  Lap'athum  sang)iin'eum, 
(F.)   Oseille  ou  Patience  Rouge,  Sangdragon. 

Rumex  Scuta'tus,  R.  glaucus  seu  hasti/o'lius 
seu  ^Etnen'sis  seu  oxyotns  seu  hasta'tus,  Aceto'sa 
rotundifo'lia  seu  Roma'na  seu  Rotundifolia  hor- 
ten'sis  seu  scuta'ta,  Lap'athum  scuta' turn  seu  ro- 
tundifo'lia, Roman  or  Garden  Sorrel,  Green 
Sauce,  French  Sorrel,  (F.)  Oseille  boucher.  Oseille 
ronde,  Petite  0.  Virtues  the  same  as  those  of 
the  common  sorrel. 

Rumex  Tuberoses,  R.  acetosus. 
RUMINA'TION,  Rumina'tio.  from  ruma  or 
rumen,  'the  gullet.'  Merycis'mus.  A  function 
peculiar  to  ruminating  animals,  by  which  they 
chew  a  second  time  the  food  they  have  swal- 
lowed. An  analogous  phenomenon  is  sometimes 
seen  in  man.  One  who  ruminates  is  in  French 
me ry cole. 


B D M  MET 


809 


S  ABU  IMl  A 


RUMMET,  Pityriasis. 
RUMP.  Croupon —  r.  Bone,  Coccyx. 
RUNCHES,  Sinapis  arvensia, 
..  Raspatorinm. 

;  N  TLA.  Raspatorinm. 
.  KILL,  Wrinkle. 

BUNKLE,  Wrinkle. 

Kl  \\  i.  !.  Rennet 

RUNNING,  Cursue,  (F.)  Courne.    A  sue 
of  leaps,  executed  with  rapidity,  to  transport  the 
body  quickly  from  one  place  tu  another. 

Runs       .  Rennet. 

RUNSH,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

KIN  '  Mil.  V.  l;  ispatorium. 

RUPES,  Lips  of  the  Vulva.      See  Lip. 

RU'PIA,  Rhypia,  Ulcus  aton'icnm,  Ecphly'si* 
r,  Rhypa'ria,  from  'pujroj.  'filth.'  An  erup- 
tion of  large  flattish  blebs,  which  contain  a  fluid 
—  at  tir.-t  Berous,  afterwards  poriform,  and  often 
bloody,  which  rapidly  concretes  into  crusts,  at 
the  base  of  which  are  ulcers  of  variable  depths. 

It  requires  the  use  of  tonics  internally,  and  of 
Stimulating  ointments  externally. 

Ropia  Escharot'ica,  Pem'phigue  in/an'tilis 
:  known  in  Ireland  under  the 
-irltite  blisters,  eating  hive  and  burnt  holes. 
An  affection,  which  hears  a  close  similarity  to 
pemphigus,  particularly  in  the  absence  of  a 
thick  rugous  crust,  whilst  in  its  chief  feature, 
that  of  ulceration,  it  evidently  belongs  to  Kupia. 

RUPTIBILITAS,  Fragilitaa, 

RUPTIO.  Rhexis. 

RUPTORIUM,  Cauterium  — r.  Commune,  Po- 
•  i8a. 

B  D  P  T  D  B  A.  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Laceration, 
Rbexis — r.  Corneas,  Ceratorrhexis  —  r.  Hemiosa, 
Hernia— r.  Ovarii,  Oariorrhexis — r.  Uteri,  Uterus, 
rupture  of  the  —  r.  Vaginas,  Colporrhexis. 

RUPTURE,  Hernia.  Rhexis  —  r.  du  Occur, 
Cardiorrhexis —  r.  of  the  Groin.  Bubonocele  —  r. 
<Ir  la  Matriee,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the  —  r.  Wort. 
Herniaria  glabra. 

RUPTURED,  see  Hernial. 

RUSCUS,  A',  aculea'tus,  Pruncus,  Oxi/mi/r'- 
rhlne.  Oxymyr'tine,  Myrtacan'tha,  Catan'geloe, 
Myacan'tha,  Sco'pia  re'gia.  Wild  Myrtle,  Ceutro- 
i.ii/r'in,-.  Butcher's  Broom,  (Prov.)  Knee-holly,  (F.) 
Petit  houx,  Fragon.     Ord.  SmilaceSB.     St 

i  Monadelphia.     The  root  has  been  recom- 
mended as  an  aperient  and  diuretic. 

S  ACULBATUS,  R.USCUS. 


as  Btpoolob'sum,  UvwUtria,  H>ipoglos- 

turn,  Hippogloes' um,  Bislin'gna,  Bomifa'eia,  l.nu- 

tandri'na  angustifo'lia,  (  V. )  Lanrii  r  AlejSm 

(im/rin,  Langue  dt  cheVcU,    Formerly  UBOd  B£ 

relaxed  uvula. 

RUSH,  SWEET,  Aeonu  calamus,  Juneus  odo- 
ratus. 

B  I  SM  \.  sec  Orpiment 

i:i  SPINI'S  BT1  PTIC,  see  Styptic,  Ruspini's. 

Rl  si'i'.M's  TlNOTI  ai  Fut!  tiik  Tkkiii.  An  em- 
pirical  preparation,  composed  of  Florentine  orris 
Hviij,  cloves  5j,  rectified  spirit  Oil,  ambergris  ^j. 
"    RUT,  Heat? 

RUTA.  'pvrn,  I!,  grav'eolens  tea  horten't 
al'tera,  Peg'anum,  Besa'sa,  Common  Rm  .  |  F.  I  Rue, 
Wine,  Rue  eauvage,  I!  ;    Ord.  Ruta- 

oesB.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The 
plant  has  a  Btrong,  ungrateful  odour,  and  hitter 
pungent  taste.  It  is  acrid,  so  as  to  blister  the 
skin.      Its    properties    are    reputed    to    be    tonic, 

stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emmenagogue. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ftij.  The  leaves  are  officinal — ■ 
Ruta.  '  (Ph.  1.  8. 

Oleum  Rnta,  distilled  Oil  of  Rue,  is  antispas- 
modic; and,  externally,  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj. 

Rita  Altera,  Buta — r.  Capraria,  Galega  offi- 
cinalis — r.  Graveolens,  Rnta — r.  llortensis,  Ruta 
— r.  Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

RUTABULUM,   Penis. 

RUTA'CEUM,from  Ruta,  *rue.'  Vinegar  of  rue. 

RUTIDOMA,  see  Rutidosis. 

RUTIDO'SIS,  Rytido'eie,  Rhytido'sie,  from 
pvTtiou),  'I  wrinkle.'  The  act  of  wrinkling;  as 
Rutidb'ma  means  a  shrivelled  or  wrinkled  body. 
A  destruction  or  atrophy  of  the  eye.  Corruga- 
tion and  subsidence  of  the  cornea. 

RUT  8  0  HI  A '  X  A  TU'NIC  A .  |  F. )  Lame  ou 
Membrane  Ruyschieune.  According  to  Ruysch, 
and  the  greater  part  of  his  disciples,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  is  formed  of  two  la  mime.  His 
son  gave  to  the'inner  the  name  Tunica  Ruyschi- 
a'na  or  Membra' na  Ruyschia' na  sen  Ruysch'ii. 

Tu'nica  Cellulo'ea  Ruyschia'na  is  the  areolar 
Bubstanoe  under  the  peritoneal  covering  of  the 
stomach.  It  is  not  numbered  among  the  coats 
of  that  organ. 

RYE,  Secale — r.  Horned,  Ergot  —  r.  Bobbin's, 
Polytrichum  juniperinum  —  r.  Spurred,  Ergot. 

RYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RYTIS,  Wrinkle. 


P.  A.  &c,  see  Abbreviation. 
B  LAO,  Urine, 

BABADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla,  see  Vera- 
trina. 

BABADILLIN,  see  Veratrina, 
B  IBATILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 
B  IBBATIA,  Chironia  angnlaris — s.  Angularis, 
Chiron ia  angularis. 
SABINA,  Juniperus  sabina. 
8ABINB,  Jnniperoa  sabina. 
8ABLS,  Maeulo'sus,  'sanded/  from  sabulum, 
Saving  tin-   appearance  ai    if  strewed 

With    sand.      The    terms    tabli    and    j>;>/nclS    are 

sometimes  applied  to  the  brain,  when  ■  slice  of 
it  exhibits  red  points  as  if  it  had  been  strewed 

with   red  .-and.     .Such  is  the  ea.-e  in  cerebral  hy- 
uia. 


SABOT  BE  VENUS  JAUXE,  Cy pripediuiu 
luteum. 

SABUCU8,  Bambneui. 

BAB' I  Ii('l  B,  Sabulo'eue,  Areno'eue,  Pinmmo'- 
deu,  from  sabulnm,  'sand.'  The  sandy  deposit 
often  seen  in  the  urine. 

BABULUM   CON  Will,  see  Pineal  gland. 

B  tBURA,  Saburra. 

BABUR'RA,  Sabu'ra,  Sordes.  This  word  -:_-- 
nities.  by  derivation,  'coarse  sand,  or  ballast.'  In 
it<  common  acceptation,  it  means  foulness  of  the 

Stomach,  as  it  is  sometimes  called  ;  —  vitiated  mat- 
ters supposed  to  he  retained  and  accumulated  in 
the  stomaeh— the  result  of  imperfect  digestion — > 
and  which  have  been  sometimes  considered  as  a 
morbid  product  of  the  mucous  secretion  of  that 
organ,  or  of  the  biliary  BOOretion  :  at  bthl  I 
I  residuum  from  alimentary  substances    badly  di- 


SABURRAL 


810 


SACCULUS 


gested.  The  Sabnrral  state,  Colin' vies  gas'trica, 
Grudita'tes  ventric'ulif  Gastrin'  mus,  (F.)  Embarras 
gnstrique,  mat  eaburral,  is  an  accumulation  of 
Babume  in  the  stomach,  (F.)  Saburres  gastriques, 
which  the  Humourists  considered  to  be  the  cause 
of  a  number  of  diseases. 

Saburra  Vekminosa,  Helminthiasis. 

SABUR'RAL,  Saburra'lis.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  Baburrae, — as  the  'sabnrral  state.' 

SAB  UK  RATIO,  Arenatio. 

SABURRES  GASTRIQCES,  see  Saburra. 

SAC,  see  Sack  —  s.  Herniaire,  Hernial  sac  — 
s.  of  the  Omentum,  see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic. 

SACCADE,  see  Respiration,  jerking. 

SACCATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCHAR.  Saccharum. 

SACCHARHYDROLE,  Syrup. 

SACCHARI  F^X,  Melasses. 

SACCHARINA,  SaecharoUs. 

SACOHARO-ALCOOLE,  Ratafia. 

SACCHAROLE  LIQUIDE,  Mellitum,  Syrup 

—  <?.  Mou,  Conserva,  Electuarium  —  s.  Solide,  see 
Pastel,  and  Tabella. 

SACCHAROLES  (F.),  Sacchari'na,  from  sac- 
charum, 'sugar.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Henr}7 
and  Guibourt  to  medicines  which  have  sugar  or 
honey  for  excipient,  or  for  predominant  principle. 
M.  Beral  so  calls  an  exact  mixture  of  pulverized 
sugar  with  other  substances  also  in  powder,  but 
in  less  quantity. 

SACCHAROM'ETER,  (F.)  Sacch  rtro  mitre, 
Pise-sirop,  from  saccharum,  'sugar,' 
and  hctjjuv,  'measure.'  A  hydro- 
meter adapted  for  determining  the 
density  of  syrups.  The  marginal 
figure  is  graduated  to  Baume's  scale. 
See  Areometer. 

SACCHAROMYCES,  Torula  ce- 
revisiae. 

SACCHARORRHCEA,  Glyeyr- 
rhcea  —  s.  Cutanea,  Sudor  dulcis. 

Saccharorrhce'a  Lac'tea,  Gn- 
lactorrhos'a  sacchara'ta.  A  secre- 
tion of  unusually  sweet  milk. 

Sacchakorrhcea  Pulmoxa'lis, 
Sputum  dulce  seu  sacchura'tum.  The 
copious  expectoration  of  unusually 
sweet  matter  from  the  lungs. 

Saccharorrhcea  Urinosa,  Dia- 
betes mellitus. 

SACCHARUM,  Sacchar,  catlap, 
from  Arabic,  or  rather  Sanscrit.  Sa- 
kur,  'white  earth  ;'  Suckar,  Succhar, 
Sutter,  Zuchur,  Zu'caro,  As'sakur, 
Tigala,  Zuc'charum.  Zozar,  Zu'cha- 
rnni,  Zuc'carum,  Zuchra,  Mel  arun- 
dina'ceum,  Sugar,  (F.)  Sucre.  The 
produce  of  the  juice  of  Sac'charum 
officina'rum  seu  officinale,  of  Lin- 
naeus, Cal'amus  In'dicus  seu  Saccha- 
ri'nus,  Sugar  Cane,  (F.)  Canne  a, 
Sucre.  Cannamelle  ;  Arun'do  sac- 
charif'era  of  Sloane ;  Ord.  Grami- 
neae  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia, 
and  also  of  the  beet,  maple,  &o. 

True  Sugars  are  those  with  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  may  be  effected,  by  the  addition  of 
yeast  and  water.     They  are  : — 

Species.  Varieties. 

-  f  Hard  sugar  of  the  cane,  maple,  beet, 
{      chestnut,  &e. 

„  |  Liquid  sugar,  sugar  of  malt,  of  the 
(      sweet  potato,  melasses.  honey,  &g. 

n  f  Hard  sugar  of  the  grape,  ripe  fruits, 
{      starch,  diabetes,  <fcc. 

4 Hard  sugar  of  the  mushroom. 


Saccharometcr. 


Imperfect  sugars  are  those  in  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  cannot  be  effected  by  means  of  yeast 
and  water. 

Species.  Varieties. 

1 Manna. 

2 Sugar  of  Milk. 

3 Sugar  of  jelly  or  glue. 

4 Liquorice. 

5 Picromel. 

Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  expressed  juice  of 
the  sugar-cane,  boiled  with  the  addition  of  quick- 
lime or  common  vegetable  alkali.  It  is  used,  in 
pharmacy,  for  the  preparation  of  syrups,  con- 
serves, lozenges,  <fec.  It  is  nutritious,  and  is  em- 
ployed as  an  aliment,  and  as  a  eutrophic  demul- 
cent and  antiseptic.  Dissolved  in  small  quantities 
in  water,  as  in  tea,  it  is  apt  to  disagree  with  dys- 
peptics;  an  evil  which  does  not  always  occur 
when  the  same  substance  is  taken  more  largely. 

Liver  or  Hepat'ic  Sugar,  (F.)  Sucre  du  Eoie, 
has  been  recently  found  to  be  a  normal  secretion 
of  the  liver.  It  is  more  readily  assimilated  than 
other  varieties  of  sugar.     See  Glucose. 

Saccharum  Acer'num,  S.  Canaden'se,  Maple 
Sugar,  is  often  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Sac'charum  Album,  S.  pnrifica'tnm,  Saccha- 
rum (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sal  Indus,  White  Sugar,  Refined 
Sugar  is  the  Loaf  Sugar.  Double-refined  Sugar 
has  been  called  Tabarzet. 

Saccharum  Aluminatum.  Equal  parts  of 
white  sugar  and  alum,  powdered.  Used  as  a 
styptic. 

Saccharum  Can'didum,  &  candum  seu  cant  urn 
seu  canthum,  Al'phenic,  Nabot,  Sugar  candy.  Su- 
gar candian,  (F.)  Sucre  Ca)idi,  is  the  crystallized 
juice  of  the  cane. 

Saccharum  Candum,  S.  Candidum — s.  Cantum, 
S.  Candidum — s.  Canthum,  S.  Candidum  —  s. 
Commune,  Saccharum  non-purificatum. 

Saccharum  HoRDHu'TUM,j5m7ey  Sugar. (Prov.) 
Sugar  barley,  Penides,  Pcnid'ium,  Sac'charum 
peuid'ium,  is  a  variety  of  sugar  candy. 

Saccharum  Lactis,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Saccharum  Non-Purifica'tum,  Mnscova'da, 
raw,  brown  or  moist  sugar,  is  the  S.  commit' ue, 
S.  rubrum,  Mel  Cannes,  or  coarse  sugar. 

Saccharum  Officixarum,  see  Saccharum  —  s. 
Penidium,  Hordeatum  —  s.  Rosaceum,  Confectio 
rosaa  gallicae —  s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SACCHARURE,  from  saccharum,  'sugar.'  A 
medicine  resulting  from  the  intimate  union  of 
sugar  with  the  medicinal  principles  of  alcohol  or 
ethereal  tinctures.  —  Beral. 

SACCULATED,  Encysted. 

SACCULATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCULI  ADIPOSI,  Fatty  vesicles  — s.  Cha- 
licophori,  see  Lacunae  of  Bone — s.  Laryngei,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  larynx. 

Sac'culi  Medicixa'les.  Bags  containing  me- 
dicinal substances. 

Sacculi  Medullares,  see  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 

SACCULUS,  diminutive  of  saccus,  'a  little 
sac'  This  name  has  been  given  to  two  sacs 
formed  by  the  membranous  vestibule,  which  open 
into  each  other,  and  contain  the  otolithes  and 
ofoconies :  one  of  these  is  termed  the  sacculns 
vestib'uli,  the  other  sacculus.  See  Semicircular 
canals. 

Sacculus,  Marsupion  —  s.  Cephalicus,  Cucu- 
pha  —  s.  Chylifer  seu  rorifer,  Receptaculum  chyli 
— s.  Cordis,  Pericardium — s.  Ellipticus,  see  Semi- 
circular canals  —  s.  Lactiferus,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels. 

Sac'culus  Laryn'gis.  A  caecal  pouch,  of 
variable  size,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane 
in  the  ventricles  of  the  larynx. — Hilton. 


SACCUS 


811 


SACROLUMBAR 


Sacculus  Mbdk  inai.is.  Pulvinar  medioetum 

. .  Spbericus,  see  Bemicircula*  canals — .-.  Vesi- 

Loculated— a.  Vestibuli,  Bemi- 
circular cans  nine, 
SACC1  8,  Sao  —  a.  Coli,  Csecum — ?.  Cordis, 
.  am     -.  Rerniosus,  Hernial  sac — s.  Bpi- 
ploicus,  Epiploon — b.  [ntestini  era-si.  Cseeam  — 
p.    Lacrymalis,    Lachrymal   aao  —  a,    Laemmalia, 
Lachrymal  Bao  —  b.  Lacteua,  Receptaculum  ohyli 
—  a  Muoosus,  Bee  Bursa  mucosas  —  s.  Peritonei 
retro-ventricularis,  see   Epiploon,  gastro-hepatio 
eurae,  Pleurn — b.  Venarum  eavarum,  Sinus 
■..rdis —  b.  Venarum  pulmonaliam,  Sinus 
pulmonalis. 

ER,  Sacral  — 8.  Ignis,   Herpes  zoster  —  s. 
-.    Epilepsy  —  s.   Musculus,   Transversalis 

SACERDOTTS  PENIS,  Arum  maculatum. 

///:/'  ,  F.  .  Sac' cuius,  'a  little  sac'  A 
small  bag  containing  perfumes  to  be  placed  among 
clothes  to  communicate  to  them  an  agreeable 
O'luur.  The  following  is  a  formula  for  the  pow- 
der they  contain.  Potod<  n  d  ■  >v*  -  and  potodi  red 
.  each  one  ounce;  powdered  orris  root,  an 
ounce  and  a  half;  powdered  yellow  eandal  woodi 
one  drachm;  otto  of  roses,  twenty-four  dr<  | 
of  lavender,  oil  of  bergamot,  each  one  drachm; 
six  gr  tins.     A  scent-bag. 

.   'dry.'     A  dry  wine  used  by 
our  ancestors ;   Kim  see.     Probably  Skerry. 

Back,  Saccut,  Secluso'riumj  Sax.  rac.  A  bag 
or  pouch. 

BACK,    Hbr'NIAL,    Snccus    hernio'sus,   (F.)   Sue 
herniaire.     An  envelope  or  pouch,  formed  by  the 
membrane  of  the  cavity,  whence  a  viscus 
iped.     We  distinguish,  in  a  hernial  sac, 
:  the  opening  l<y  which  it  oommuni- 
ith  the  great  cavity  Lined  by  the  serous 
membrane:    its    cervix   or  neck,  (F.)  Collet,  the 
narrow    portion    on    the    outside    of   the    orifice, 
where  strangulation  sometimes  occurs:  the  body, 
ps,  which   is   the  round   prominent  part; 
and  the  fundus  or  bottom,  —  the  part  opposite  to 
See. 
Ba<  k  Posset;  from  sack,  'the  wine,'  and  pos- 
s-t.     A  poaset  made  of  sack,  milk  and  other  in- 
gredients. 

Back,  Bbrous.  The  shut  cavity  formed  by 
any  serous  membrane,  as  by  the  pleura  or  perito- 
neum. 

Back  Whkt,  Wine  Whey. 

6  LCR  \  1».  Bee  S  icral  aspect 

BACRA    FISTULA,  Vertebral  column. 

RAL,  Sbcer,  (F.)  Saeri.     That  which  be- 
r  relates  to  the  sacrum.     A  name  given  to 
several  parts. 

\i.    Akteriks    are    distinguished   into,   1. 
Th>-  anterior  or  middle  sacral.  Median  Artery  of 
■inn   of  Chaussier,  which   arises   from   the 
■  r  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  in  front  of 
the  1th  lumbar  vertebra.     It  descends,  in  a  ser- 
pentine manner,  upon  the  Bacro-vertebral  articu- 
and  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  sacrum. 
It  furni.-hes   many  lateral   branches,  which   unite 
with  the  lateral  sacral  arteries,  and  enter  the  an- 
sacral   foramina,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
membranes   of   the   marrow,    Ac.     2.   The  lateral 
taeral  arteries,  which  are  two  in  number;  one  on 
They  arise  from  the  hypogastric,  from 
the  ilio  lumbar,  or  from  the  gluteal ;  and  descend 
before  the  anterior  sacral  foramina,  anastomosing 
in  an  arched  manner,  towards  the  eoocjz,  with 
the  middle  sacral.     They  give  off  external  and 
.;•  branckee,  which   enter  the   sacral    fora- 
mina:   and   internal  branekee,  which  are  di.-tri- 
buted  to  the  pyramidnlis,  Baorum,  fto. 

apbct.    An  nspeel  towards  the  region 

where  the  sacrum  is  situated. —  Barclay. 


i-  dsx  i  by  the  same  writer  adTerhially  to  signify 

'  towards  the  sacral  aspect.' 

Sacral  Extremities,     The  lower  limbs. 

I,    1  .    '<•  i  •  -.   Two 

longitudinal  excavations,  slightly  marked,  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ;  which  appear  to 
terminate  the  vertebral  grooves  or  gutters. 

Sai  ral  .\i  i:vi  •*,  [F.J  Nerfs  avert**,  are 
rally  .-ix  in  number.  They  arise  from  the  termi- 
nation of  the  >pinal  marrow.  The  first,  unite. I 
with  the  great  curd  which  descends  from  the 
lumbar  plexus,  concurs  with  the  three  others  in 
the  formation  of  the  sacral  or  sciatic  pleXU8.  I  ■• 
third  and  fourth,  with  branches  of  the  great 
sympathetic,  from  the  hypogastric  plexus.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  [coceyge'al  nerve)  are  distributed 
to  the  ischio-COCOygeus  muscle,  and  to  the  sphinc- 
ter and  levator  ani. 

SA(  bal  I'ii  \i».  Sciat'ie  plexnt,  —  the  taeral 
portion  of  the  crural  pleXlU  of  ( 'haiissier,  con- 
stituted as  just  mentioned,  is  situate  in  front  of 
the  pyramidalis.  It  gives  off,  backwards,  two 
branches,  called  the  pudic,  (F.)  honteux,  and  the 
leaser  sciatic.  It  terminates  in  the  great  sciatic 
nerve. 

SACRE,  SacraL 

SACRO,  in  composition,  relating  or  belonging 
to  the  sacrum. 

SACROCOCCYGE'AL.  Sacro-coccyye'us.  Re- 
lating to  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

Sacrococcygeal  Articola'tiom  is  that  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  sacrum  with  the  su- 
perior facette  of  the  coccyx.  It  is  closed  by  two 
ligaments;  —  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  sacro- 
coccygeal. 

SACROCOSTALIS,  Sacro-luinbalis— *.  Ffmo- 
ral,  Gluteus  major. 

SACROCOXAL'GIA,  from  sacro,  coxa,  'the 
hip,'  and  aXyos,  'pain:'  a  hybrid  term.  Some 
authors  have  called  thus  a  rheumatic  affection  of 
the  sacro-iliac  symphysis. 

SACROILIAC,  Sacro-ili'acus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  sacrum  and  ilium. 

Sacroiliac  Articula'tion,  Sym'physis  or 
Synchondrosis,  llio-saeral  articula'tion,  *ym- 
physis  or  eynckondrosis,  is  the  union  of  two  sur- 
faces :  —  two  inclined  planes,  broader  above  than 
below;  one  formed  by  the  sacrum,  the  other  by 
the  ilium.  Both  surfaces  are  in  crusted  by  an 
articular  cartilage.  The  bands  which  strengthen 
them  are  the  two  sacro  -  sciatic  ligaments,  the 
sacro-sjnnal,  a  sacro- iliac  ligament,  and  some  ir- 
regular lihres.  The  sacro-iliac  ligament  is  a  very 
thick  aasemblage  of  short,  dense,  irregular  fibres, 
occupying  the  space  which  the  sacrum  and  ilium 
leave  between  them,  behind  their  articular  sur- 
face. Some  authors  have  termed  some  irregular 
fibres,  situate  in  front  of  the  sacro-iliac  articula- 
tion, anterior  sacro-iliac  ligament*,  in  opposition 
to  the  preceding  fascia-,  which  they  call  posterior 
sacn,-i/iac. 

SACRO'ISCIIIATICUS,  Sacro-sciatic. 

SACROLOMliA  I  in:,  Baero-lumhalis. 

SACROhVyi'V,. \]{,Sacro-/n, ,,/„,'/ is,  Sacro-Iom- 
baire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and 
loins. 

S  ICROLUMBAR,    Sacro-lumba' lis,    Sarro-lmnhn' '- 

rit  Mnscle,  Sacro-cnsta'lis,  Dorso-tracke'lian  por- 
tion oftke  Sacrospinal  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Lombo- 
bosto  trarkilien,  Sacro-lombaire,  is  seated  at   the 

posterior  part  of  the  trunk  j  is  thick  and  triangu- 
lar  below;    flat   and    thin    in    the   remainder,   and 

terminates  in  a  point  at  its  upper  extremity.     It 

is  attached  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ; 

to  th< rresponding  portion  of  the  crista  ilii:  to 

the  extremities  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
lumbar  vertebras :  to  the  angles  of  the  eleven  in- 
ferior ribs;  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  first,  and  the 


SACROSCIATIC 


812 


SAGITTAL 


posterior  tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebrae.  The  sacro-lum- 
balis  straightens  the  vertebral  column  when  bent 
forwards,  and  maintains  it  straight.  By  means 
of  its  insertion  into  the  ribs,  it  can  elevate  or  de- 
press  these  bones,  according  as  it  contracts  from 
above  to  below,  or  from  below  to  above.  It  acts, 
consequently,  sometimes  as  an  inspiratory,  at 
others  as  an  expiratory  muscle. 

From  six  or  eight  of  the  lower  ribs  arises  an 
equal  number  of  fleshy  portions,  which  terminate 
at  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  and  are  called 
Jfus'culi  Accessor' ii  seu  Additamen'tum  ad  Sacro- 
liimba'lem,  (F.)  Accessoires  du  Sacro-lombaire. 

From  the  upper  part  of  the  sacro-lumbalis,  a 
fleshy  slip,  called  Cervica'lis  descen'dens,  Cervi- 
citis descendene  Diemerbroeck'ii,  Transversa' I  is 
collateral  lis  colli,  Accesso'rius  ad  Sacro-lumba- 
I  cm,  (F.)  Transversaire  grele,  runs  up,  to  be  fixed 
to  the  transverse  processes  of  the  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebra?,  by  three  distinct 
tendons.  These  last  parts,  though  separated  by 
some  anatomists,  belong  to  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSCIAT'IC,  Sacro-ischiat'icus.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and  ischium. 

Sacrosciatic  Ligaments  are  two  ligaments, 
which  assist  in  securing  the  sacro-iliac  articula- 
tion. The  great  or  posterior  sacrosciatic  liga- 
ment extends  from  the  crista  ilii  and  the  sides 
of  the  sacrum  and  coccyx  to  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium.  The  less  or  anterior  sacrosciatic  liga- 
ment arises  from  the  same  point,  and  terminates 
in  the  spine  of  the  ischium. 

SACROSPINAL,  Dorso-trachelian  portion  of 
the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSPINA'LIS.  That  which  relates  to 
the  sacrum  and  spine.  Under  this  name,  Chaus- 
sier  describes  the  sacro-lumbalis.  longissimus 
dorsi,  transversalis,  transverso-spinalis,  and  in- 
tertransversalis  muscles.  He  divides  it  into  three 
portions.  ^ 

SA OR OTRO CH A NTERTEN,  Pyramidalis. 
S  A  C  R  OVE  R  T  '  E  B  R  A  L,  Sacro-vertebra'lis. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sacrum  and  the  ver- 
tebras. 

Sacrovertebral  Articulation  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  last  vertebrae  of  the  loins  with  the 
sacrum.  The  angle  which  these  two  bones  form 
at  the  anterior  part  has  been  called  the  Prom'an- 
tory  of  the  Sacrum,  or  the  Sacro-vertebral  Angle. 
Sacrovertebral  Ligament  is  a  strong  ligu- 
ment.  which  passes  from  the  anterior  part  of  each 
of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra  to  be  attached  to  the  base  of  the  sacrum. 
Its  use  is  to  maintain  the  articulation  of  those 
two  bones  in  situ. 

SACRUM,  Os  sacrum  seu  basila're  seu  Alagas 
seu  latum  seu  clun'inm,,  Lus,  Luz,  Ver'tebra 
magna,  Albagiazi,  Hi'eron  ost'eon,  Clunis,  Sub- 
ver'tebra,  Subver'tebrum,  Vet'ula;  from  sacer, 
'sacred;'  because  it  contributes  to  protect  the 
cenital  organs,  which  were  considered  sacred,  or 
because  it  was  offered  in  sacrifice.  The  bone, 
■which  forms  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and 
is  a  continuation  of  the  vertebral  column.  The 
sacrum  is  symmetrical  and  triangular,  situate  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  concave  an- 
teriorly. It  has, — 1.  A  pelvic  or  anterior  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  pelvic  cavity,  and  has 
four  transverse  furrows,  that  point  out  the  parts 
where  the  primitive  portions  of  the  bone  were 
separated  from  each  other.  On  each  side  there 
are  four  foramina,  called  anterior  sacral ;  these 
are  oblique,  and  decrease  in  size,  from  above 
downwards.  Through  them  pass  the  anterior 
branches  of  the  sacral  nerves.  2.  A  spinal  or 
posterior  surface,  which  is  convex,  rough,  and 
covered  by  muscles.  Upon  the  median  line  are 
four  horizontal,  tubercular  eminences,  forming  a 


continuation  of  the  spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 
tebrae ;  and  below,  a  triangular  notch,  where  the 
sacral  canal  terminates.  On  each  side  of  the  sur- 
face are  four  foramina,  called  posterior  sacral, 
which  are  smaller  than  the  anterior,  and  give 
passage  to  the  posterior  branches  of  the  sacral 
nerves.  3.  The  vertebral  surface  or  base.  Its 
greatest  extent  is  transversely.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  On  it  is  seen  the 
orifice  of  the  sacral  canal,  of  a  triangular  shape, 
which  decreases  in  width  from  above  downward; 
terminates  the  vertebral  canal;  is  lined  by  a  pro- 
longation of  the  cerebral  membranes;  contains 
the  fasciculi  of  the  sacral  nerves;  communicates, 
externally,  by  the  sacral  foramina;  and  termi- 
nates at  the  triangular  notch  on  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  bone.  At  the  sides  of  the  upper 
orifice  of  the  sacral  canal  are  two  articular  pro- 
cesses, which  receive  the  articular  processes  of 
the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  The  projection,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  base  of  the  sacrum  with  the 
last  lumbar  vertebra,  is  called  the  Prom'ontory, 
Protnonto'rium  Ossis  Sacri,  Great  Angle  of  the 
Sacrum  or  Sacro-vertebral  Angle.  4.  A  coccygeal 
face  or  apex,  (F.)  Face  coccygienne  ou  Sonnnet, 
which  is  very  narrow,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
coccyx.  5.  Two  lateral  margins,  which  have, 
above,  a  broad,  oblique  surface,  articulated  with 
the  ilium. 

The  sacrum  is  developed  by  30  to  36  points  of 
ossification. 

SADDLE,  TURKISH,  Sella  Turcica. 
SiEPES,  Sepes. 

SAFFLOW,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFFLOWER,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFFRON,    Crocus  —  s.   Bastard,  Carthamus 
tinctorius — s.  Dyers',  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
Saffron  Flower,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
Saffron,  Meadow',  Colchicum  autumnale. 
SAFRAN  BATARD,  Carthamus    tinctorius, 
I  Colchicum    autumnale  —  s.  des   Indes,    Curcuma 
longa —  s.  de  Mars  aperitif,  Ferri  subcarbonas — 
s.   de  Jfars    astringent,    Colcothar — 8.   des  Pres, 
Colchicum    autumnale  —  8.  Racine   de,  Curcuma 
longa. 

SAFRANUM,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFRE,  Smalt. 
SAGA,  Sago. 

SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non,  (F.) 
Gomme  seraphique.  A  gum-resin,  supposed  to 
be  obtained  from  the  Fer'ula  Per'sica.  Ord. 
Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
Its  odour  is  fetid  and  alliaceous ;  taste  pungent, 
bitterish,  nauseous.  It  is  in  small,  agglutinated 
masses  of  a  yellow  colour;  tenacious;  breaking 
with  a  horny  fracture.  It  is  a  reputed  antispas- 
modic and  emmenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 
SAGAPIN,  Sagapenum. 

SAGE,  Salvia  —  s.  Indian,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum  —  s.  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria. 
Sage  Tree,  Lantana. 
Sage,  Wild,  Salvia  Africana,  S.  Lyrata. 
SAGE-FEJIME,  Midwife. 
SAGENA,  Epiploon. 

SAG  ESSE  DES  CHIRURGIENS,  Sisym, 
brium  Sophia. 

SAGIMEN  VITRI,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 
SAGITTAL,     Sagitta'lis,     Sagitta'tus,     from 
sagitta,  '  an  arrow.' 

Sagittal  Furrow,  Sagittal  Groove,  (P.)  Gout- 
tiere  sagittale,  is  a  channel  on  the  median  line  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  skull-cap.  It  is  exca- 
vated in  the  os  frontis,  in  the  two  parietal  and 
occipital  bones,  and  extends  from  the  crista  galli 
to  the  internal  occipital  protuberance.  It  lodges 
the  longitudinal  sinus,  which  has  been  called  the 
sagittal  sinus. 

Sagittal  Suture,  Olelai'a  sutu'ra  seu  Raphe, 
I  Sutura    Virya'ta   seu   juyu'iis    seu   Rabdu'i'dest 


SAGITTARIA   VARIABILIS        813 


SAL 


-.  Rhabdo'dee,  Rhabdotdm*  seu  lii- 
t'/is  seu  htterparieta'lie.  The  suture  which 
niiites  the  two  pari. -til  bones,  and  which  extends, 
from  before  to  behind,  on  the  median  line,  from 
the  coronal  suture  to  the  lambdoidal.  It  is  bo 
ealled,  from  tagitta,  'an  arrow,'  because  it  BCema 
to  meet  the  coronal  suture  as  an  arrow  meets  the 
strin-  of  a  bow. 

[TTA'RLA  VARIAB'ILIS.  From  ««- 
fitta,  'an  arrow."  owing  to  the  prevalent  form  <>t' 
the  leaves.  Arrowhead,  Arrowlea/,  Arrow  weed, 
Wapata  of  Oregon;  Nat.  Ord.  Alistnacesa.  Escu- 
lent, yielding  fecula  like  arrow-root.  The  roots 
nrc  cooling  and  sub-astringent,  and  are  at  times 
applied  to  the  feet  in  cases  of  yaws  and  dropsical 
swellings  of  the  le_:s.  The  leaves  are  applied  to 
the  breasts  to  dispel  milk. 

[TTA'RIUM     ALEXIPHAR'MACUM, 
<r   radix,  Canna    Fn'dica,  Arnn'do  Indict. 
A  root  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  sup- 
to  be  a  remedy  for  wounds    by  poisoned 
\v<. 

UTTATUS,  Sagittal. 

BAGO,  .s'  "/'it.  Saga,  Sagit,  Segtt,  Am'ylum pal- 
mn'o'ii.  F  Sagon,  Sagite.  A  fecula,  obtained 
from  the  pith  of  the  S<ign*  rumph'ii,  Cyeae  eirei- 
na'/it,  /'.  revoln'ta,  <tc,  growing  in  the  Moluccas, 
Philippine  Isles,  4c.,  and  which  is  brought  to  us 
in  small  grains.  The  same  substance  is,  also, 
obtained  from  the  West  Indies,  but  it  is  inferior 
to  that  from  the  East.  By  boiling  in  water  or 
milk,  sago  becomes  soft  and  transparent,  and 
forms  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  food  in  febrile, 
Calculous,  and  other  disorders.  It  is  made  pala- 
table by  sugar,  lemon-juice,  or  wine,  where  the 
last  is  nit  contra-indicated. 

To  make  sago  into  a  proper  mucilage  for  the 
pick,  a  tablespoonfol  of  it  should  be  macerated 
in  a  pint  of  water  for  two  hours,  and  then  boiled 
for  fifteen  minutes,  stirring  assiduously.  Care 
mast  be  taken,  that  the  grains  are  perfectly  dis- 
1  by  long  boiling  and  constant  stirring. 

I  is  made  by  putting  sago,  t^ij,  into 
.  Oij  :  boiling  until  the  mucilage  is  formed  : 
then  r 1 1 1  > i > i n _r  sugar,  ^-s,  on  the  rind  of  a  lemon, 
and  putting  it  with  tincture  <>/  ginger,  fjy,  into 
therrij.  <><<  ;  adding  this  mixture  to  the  mucilage, 
and  boiling  for  five  minutes. — It  is  a  good  resto- 
rative. 

.  FRFNrn.  see  Solanum  tuberosum,  and 
Arrow-root,  common — s.  Portland  Island,  see 
Arum  mnculatum. 

8A00U,  Sago. 

BAOU,  - 

8 AGUE,  Sago— *.  Petit,  see  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 

SAGUERUS  GOMITTO,  see  Toddy  — s. 
Rumphii.  see  Toddy — s.  Saeeharifer.  see  Toddy. 

BAGUS,  Sago  — 8.  Rumphii,  see  Sago. 

BAH  \W  \.    Insomnia. 

BAIDSCHtJTZ  WATER,  Seidschiitz  water. 

8AlQNl£E,  IMood-letting— «.  Spoliative,  Spo- 
liativa  phlehotomia. 

8A  IGNE  KENT  DU  NEZ,  Epistaxis. 

BAILORS,  DISEASES,  Ac,  OF.  Sailors,  by 
nature  of  their  occupation,  are  liable  to  many 
diseases.  Several  of  these  may,  however,  be 
warded  off  by  proper  attention  to  cleanliness  and 
rentilation. 

SAIX  HOIS,  Daphne  gnidium  —  *.  Doux, 
Adeps  prsaparatus. 

SAIX  T  A  MA  XI),  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sulphuretted  waters,  in  the  department  of  Du 
Nxird,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  and  sul- 
phohv drie  acids.  The  Hone  or  deposit  contains 
snlphohydrio  acid,  and  salts  of  iron  and  magne- 
sia.    Temperature,  B4°  to  82°  Fahr. 

BAINT    ANTHONY'S  FIRE,  Erysipelas. 

SAIX T  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE  OF.     This 


sea-port  of  Florida  is  a  frequent  retreat  during 
the  winter  season  for  the  valetudinarian  from  the 
more  northern  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
climate  is  certainly  comparatively  mild  and  equa- 
ble; but  it  is  liable  to  frequent  north-east  storms. 
There  are  only  a  few  days,  however,  in  winter, 
in  which  the  invalid  cannot  take  exercise  in  the 
open  air.  Tampa  Bay,  and  Pensaeola,  in  Florida, 
and  Mobile,  in  Alabama,  which  are  sometimes 
visited  by  the  consumptive,  are  less  liable  to  tho 
.-tonus  in  question. 

SAINT  CATHERINE'S  SPRINGS,  see  Cana- 
da. Mineral  waters  of. 

BAINT  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  Sancto 
(Radix). 

SAINT  CROIX,  Santa  Cruz. 

SAINT  JAMES'S  WORT,  Senecio  Jacobs**, 
Thlaspi  bursa. 

SAINT  JOHN'S  DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

—  St.  John's  Wort,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
SAINT  KITTS,  see"  West  indies. 

SAINT  LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
place,  which  is  situate  about  a  mile  to  the  west- 
ward of  Hastings,  in  Sussex,  England,  is  less  shel- 
tered than  it,  and  is  therefore  a  less  favourable 
retreat,  during  the  winter  months,  for  the  phthi- 
sical valetudinarian. 

SAINT  MYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Some  cold,  acidulous  waters  at  Saint  Myon,  neat 
Riom,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me.  They 
contain  free  carbonic  acid,  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  lime. 

SAINT  NECTAIRE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Springs  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me, 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Temperature, 
75°  to  103°  Fahr. 

SAINT  PARDAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF1.  Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Al- 
lier,  France.  Thev  contain  carbonic  acid  and  iron. 

SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphurous  waters  in  the  department  of 
Ilautcs-Pyronees,  France.  Temperature,  70°  to 
93°  Fahr. 

SAINT  VINCENT'S,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  VITUS'S  DANCE,  Chorea,  see  Ma- 
nia, dancing  —  s.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice, 
Balbuties. 

SAIR,  Ulcer. 

SAIRE.  Esaera, 

SAL,  Salt — s.  Ahsinthii,  Potasssa  subearbonns, 
see  Potash  —  s.  Acetoselhe,  Potass,  oxalate  of  — 
-us  ammoniacalis,  Liquor  ammoniac  aee- 
tatis — s.  Aoidum  bensoes,  Benjamin — s.  Aeratus, 
Bee  Potasssa  carbonas — s.  Albus,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Alembroth,  Alembrotfa  salt — s.  Alkali,  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of — s.  Alkalinus  fixus  fossilis,  Soda 
— s.  Amarum,  Magnesia.1  sulphas — s.  Ammoniac, 
volatile.  Ammonia  carbonas — s.  Ammoniacum, 
Ammonia1  murias  —  s.  Ammoniacum  martiale, 
Ferrum  ammoniatum — a.  Ammoniacum  eecretuin 
Glauber i,  Ammonite  sulphas  —  s.  Ammoniacum 
tartareum,  Ammonia'  tartras  —  s.  Ammoniacum 
vegetabile,  Liquor  am  monies  acetatis — s.  Ammo- 
niacus  nitrosus.  Ammonia'  nitras  —  s.  Ammonite, 
Ammonias  murias  —  s.  Anglicanutn,  Magnesias 
sulphas — s.  Antiepileptieua  of  Weissman,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum  —  s.  Antimonii,  Antimonium  tarta- 
rizatum — s.  Ammoniacum,  Ammonia'  murias — s. 
Armoniacum,  Ammonia'  murias — s.  Artis,  Alem- 
broth salt — s.  Asphaltitis,  Bit  noben — s.  Cathar- 
tieus  amarus,  Magnesia  sulphas — -  s.  Cathartiens 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Communis,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Cornu  cervi  volatile,  Ammonisa 
carbonas — s.  Culinaris,  So<la,  muriate  of — s.  Di- 
gestirua  Sylvii,  Potasssa  murias  —  b.  Diureticus, 
Potasssa  acetes  —  s.  de  Duobus,  Potasssa  sulphas 

—  s.  Ebsdamense,  Magnesia;  sulphas  —  s.  Enix- 


SALAAM    CONVULSION 


814 


SALIVARY 


urn,  Potassa?  supersulphas — s.  Epsomensis,  Mag- 
nesia sulphas  — s.  Essentiale  Benzoes,  Benjamin 

—  s.  Essentiale  corticis  Peruviani.  Quinine  —  s. 
Febrifugua  of  Letnery,  Potassa?  supersulphas — s. 
Febrifugua  Sylvii,  Potassa?  murias  —  s.  Fontium, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Fossilis,  Soda,  muriate  of  — 
?.  Fuliginis,  Ammonia?  carbonas —  s.  Gemmae, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Herbarum,  Potassa?  subcar- 
bonas  —  s.  Indus,  Saccbarum  album  —  s.  Lixivi- 
08am,  see  Lixivium  —  s.  Lueidum,  Soda,  muriate 
of — s.  Marinus,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Martis, 
Ferri  sulphas  —  s.  Martis  Muriaticuni  sublima- 
tum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — s.  Mirabile  perlatum, 
Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  Mirabilis  Glauberi.  Soda, 
sulphate  of — s.  Muriaticum  baroticum,  Baryta, 
muriate  of — s.  Nitrum,  Potassa?  nitras  —  s.  Os- 
sium,  Ammonia?  carbonas — s.  Panehrestum,  Po- 
tassa? tartras — s.  Petrae,  Potassa?  nitras — s.  Tar- 
tarum,  Potassa?  subcarbonas — s.  Plumbi,  Plumbi 
superacetas — s.  Polychrestus,  Potassa?  sulphas — 
s.  Polychrestus  Glaseri,  Potassa?  sulphas  cum 
salphure  —  s.  Polychrestum  Seignetti,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — s.  Prunella?,  Potassa?  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phati?  paucillo  mixtus — s.  Rupellensis,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of —  s.  Sapientia?,  Alembroth  salt,  Potassa? 
sulphas  —  s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  s. 
Scientia?.  Alembroth  salt  —  s.  Secretus  Glauberi, 
Ammonia?  sulphas — s.  Sedativus  Hombergi,  Bo- 
racic  acid  —  s.  Sedlicensis,  Magnesia?  sulphas  — 
s.  Seignetti,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Sennerti,  Po- 
tassa? acetas  —  s.  Seydschiitzense,  Magnesia?  sul- 
phas—  s.  Soda?,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  So- 
domenus,  Bit  noben  —  s.  Succini,  Succinic  acid 

—  s.  Tartari,  Potassa?  subcarbonas,  see  Potash  — 
s.  Tartari  essentiale,  Tartaric  acid  —  s.  Tartari 
sulphuratum,  Potassa?  sulphas  —  s.  Urinae,  Mi- 
crocosmicum  Sal  —  s.  Urinosum,  Urea  —  s.  Vege- 
tabilis.  Potassa?  tartras — s.  Vita?,  Alembroth  salt 

—  s.  Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  narcoti- 
cum,  Boracic  acid  —  s.  Volatile,  Ammonia?  car- 
bonas, Spiritus  ammonia?  aromaticus  —  s.  Vola- 
tile Benzoes,  Benjamin  —  s.  Volatile  boracis,  Bo- 
racic acid  —  s.  Volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Spiritus 
ammonia?  aromaticus  —  s.  Volatile  succini,  Suc- 
cinic acid  —  s.  Volatilis  salis  ammoniaci,  Am- 
monia? carbonas  —  s.  Vomitorium  vitrioli,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

SALAAM  CONVULSION,  see  Convulsion, 
Salaam. 

SALAB,  Salep. 

SALACITAS,  Satyriasis  —  s.  Vulva?,  Nym- 
phomania. 

SALAD,  CORN,  Valeriana  dentata. 

SALAP,  Salep. 

SALCOMBE,  (CLIMATE  OF.)    A  small  place 

—  the  Montpelier  of  Huxham  —  which  is  one  of 
the  warmest  spots  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  England, 
and,  therefore,  in  this  respect  adapted  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  as  a  winter  retreat. 

SALEP,  Saloop'  (so  pronounced.)  Salab,  Sa- 
l  -p.  The  prepared  bulb  of  the  Orchis  mas'cula 
and  other  species  of  Orchis.  The  salep  of  Cach- 
mere  is  from  a  species  of  Euloph'ia.  Salep  is  in 
small,  irregular,  hard  masses.  In  its  composition 
iu  relation  to  water,  it  is  closely  analogous  to 
tragacanth.  It  is  possessed  of  similar  virtues 
with  sago,  tapioca,  Ac.  The  mucilage  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  the  powdered  salep  in  hot  water, 
with  assiduous  stirring,  and  adding  to  the  solu- 
tion sugar  and  milk. 

Salep,  Otaheite,  Arrow-root. (Tahiti). 

SALER'NUM,  (SCHOOL  OF.)  An  ancient 
school  of  medicine  at  Salerno  in  Italy.  It  was 
established  by  Charlemagne,  in  S02;  and  was  the 
first  Christian  university  at  which  medicine  was 
tangbt.  It  was  much  celebrated,  especially  in 
the  12th  century.  The  work  on  hygiene,  "  De 
Gonservandd  Valetudine,"  which  bears  its  name, 
has  passed   through   several  editions  in  various 


languages.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  John  of  Milan,  in  1100,  and  is  in  Leonine 
verses. 

SALICARIA.  Lvthrum  salicaria. 
SALIC  IN  E.  see  Salix. 
SALICORNIA  ARABICA,  4c,  see  Soda. 
SALINE',  SalC mis,  Salina'cius,  Sulinac"idu$t 
\  Sali'tus,    Salsus,   Hali'uus,   Halmy'rus,    'aXftvpoi, 
Halico'dea,  Soli* nous,  from  sal.    That  which  con- 
tains a  salt,  or  has  the  properties  of  a  salt. 

Saline  Draught  or  Mixture.     This  may  be 
;  made  as  follows: — Potass,  carbon,  ^j,  acid,  citric. 
seu    tartar,    gr.   xv  seu   succ.  Union,   recent.  ]§ss, 
aqnes  f^vn'y  syrup,  cujiisvis  £j.  M.     Given  in  di- 
vided doses  as  a  febrifuge. 

Saline  Effervescing  Draught  or  Mixture 

1  is  made  by  adding  a  due  proportion  of  either  of 

the  acids  above  mentioned,  or  of  lemon-juice,  to 

the  proper  proportion  of  the  carbonate  of  soda  or 

potassa.     About  25  grains  of  the  acid  saturate 

30  grains  of  the  carbonate.     See  Powders,  soda. 

SALINES,  see  Kentucky,  mineral  waters  of. 

SALINOUS,  Saline. 

SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLORES,  Ammonia? 
i  carbonas. 

SALITIO,  Leap. 
SALITUS,  Saline. 
SALIUM,  Saliva. 
SALIUNCA,  Valeriana  Celtica. 
SALI'VA,  Si'alon,  Si'elon,   Sialo'ma,  Ptytma, 
;   Pty'alon,   Pty'elon,   Sa'lium,    Sputa' men ,   Sputa- 
,   men' turn,    Sputum,    Spittle,     (Old.    Eng.)    Spaul, 
1   (Prov.)   Spoat.     An  inodorous,  insipid,  transpa- 
j  rent,  slightly  viscid  fluid  ;  secreted  by  the  parotid, 
submaxillary  and  sublingual  glands,  and  poured 
li  into  the  mouth  by  the  duets  of  Steno,  Wharton, 
and  Rivinus;  the  use  of  which  is  to  mix  with  the 
'  alimentary  bolus,  and  to  serve  in  the  process  of 
!  digestion.    It  is  composed,  according  to  Berzelius, 
j'  of  992-2  parts  of  water,  2-9  of  a  particular  ani- 
!  mal  matter,  soluble  in  water,  and  insoluble  in  al- 
!   cohol,  pty'alin,   princip'ium    saliva'le,    mate'ria 
siali'na,    Ca'sein   of  the  sali'va,   Sal'ivary  albu'- 
;  men,  of  1*4  of  mucus,  1*7  of  chlorides  of  potas- 
sium and  sodium,  0-9  of  lactate  of  soda  and  ani- 
mal matter,  and  0-2  of  soda. 

SALIVA  FLUXUS  CIBO  VISO,  see  Saliva- 
'I  tion. 

SALIYAIRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Salivary. 
SALIVA L,  Salivary. 
SALIVANS,  Sialagogue. 
SALTY  ANT,  Sialagogue. 
SALIVARIS,  Salivary  —  s.  Herba,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 

SAL'IVARY,  Saliva'rius,  Saliva'ris,  Salivo'- 
'.  sus,  Sali'val,  Sali'vou8,  from  saliva,  (F.)  Saliva  ire. 
I,  That  which  belongs  to  the  saliva. 

Salivary  Albumen,  see  Saliva — s.  Calculi,  see 
i   Calculi,  salivary. 

Salivary  Fis'tul.e,  Syalnsyrin'ges,  are  such 
as  depend  upon  an  accidental  opening  into  the 
excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands.  Fistula? 
are  most  commonly  met  with  in  the  duct  of  Steno. 
Salivary  Glands,  Secreting  organs  of  the 
saliva,  Salival  glands,  are  situate  symmetrically, 
to  the  number  of  four,  on  each  side  of  the  face. 
Their  form  is  very  irregular,  and  their  extent 
varies  according  to  individuals.  Their  excretory 
ducts  —  Duct  us  Saliva'rii,  (F.)  Canaux  ou  Con- 
duits salivaires — carry  the  saliva  directly  into  the 
mouth,  without  pouring  it  into  any  intermediate 
reservoir,  as  happens  in  the  case  of  some  of  the 
other  glands.  The  salivary  glands  have  been 
distinguished  into, — 1.  The  parotid ;  2.  The  sub- 
maxillary; 3.  The  sublingual  ;  and  4.  The  intra- 
lingual  or  lingual,  seated  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  tongue,  where  the  mucous  membrane  forms 
a  fringed  fold. 


SALIVATIO 


81  5 


S  VLT 


BALIVATIO,  Salivation— s.  Mereurialis.  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

VA'TION,  Saliva'tio,  S.  eaPida,  Epiph'- 

orit  ptyalie'mtw,   Sialie'mtw,   Sputum    On**,  Sial'- 

ffhiix,  Sieliemoe,  Sialorrhos'a,  Sialove'mia,  /'';/"- 

lit'mw,   Pty'aliem,   Flume  s,ili'r(r.  (P.)    Flux  de 

.  Flux  talioaire,  Ptyaliemt  :   from    Saliva. 

tbundant  secretion  of  saliva:  occasioned 

t-ither  locally,  by  the  use  of  irritating  masticatoriee, 

r  the  influence  of  Bome  cause  \\  hich  acts  on 

the  whole  economy,  and  especially  of  mercurial 

preparations.     In  this  last  case  it  is  accompanied 

in  the  mouth,  by  swelling  of 

•  is,  and   sometimes   by  looseness   of  the 

Salivation  may  usually  be  diminished  by 

in,.1  ii-.'  of  astringents,  laxatives,  a  ■. 

■  isnuis  acn'tit*  tumpntfn  t'iciix.  Saliva  thi.ru* 
'.'  nth  watering,  the  increased  flow  of 
saliva  produced  by  the  sight,  smell,  or  thought 
of  agreeable  food,  is  a  species  ofptyalism, 
as   the    Ptyaliemue  acutue   melli'tue,  Apooeno'eie 
ptyulie'mue    mellitue,    Dulce'do    Sputato'rum,    or 
tpittle.     In  this,  the  saliva  has,  a  sweet  or 
mucilaginous  I 
Salivation,    Mbecd'rial,    Saliva'tio    merev- 
.  Sialoxe'mia  sen  Ptyalie'mue  mereuria'lie, 
J'.  hydrargyra'tue,  (F.)  Ptyalieme  mercuriel,  Sali- 
irieUe.     Salivation  produced  by  mer- 
.  iry.       The    stomatitis     that    accompanies    it    is 
termed    mercurial,    Hydrar'gyro-etomati'tie,  (F.) 
i rite  mercurielle. 
SA  I TVA  TION MERCURIELLE,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 
S  UilVATUM,  Sialagogue. 

BALIVOSUS,  Salivary. 
SALIVOUS,  Salivary. 

BALIX.     The    Willow,   T'tea,    (Prov.)    Sally, 
withy,    (Scl    Saueh,    Sough,    Wi/lan,    (F.) 
A  genus  of  plants  in  the  Linnaean  system. 
Salicncese. 
Balis   Fraq"ilis,  S.  pen'dula  sou  detfp'iens 
ygdali'na  seu  pereicifo'lia  seu  Rueeelia'na 
i  sen  Trevira'nii,  or  Crack  wil- 
Pb.  D.)  Balix  Alba,  8.  eetrn'lea  sen  vitel- 
h"na,  or  White  willow  (Ph.  D.  and  Ph.  V.  S.).  (F.) 
Osier.     Balix  Latifo'i.ia.  or  broad-leaved  wil- 
Salix  Ca'prsa,  S.  Sphacela'ta  sen  (omea- 
or    Great    round-leaved    willow    (Ph.    L.) 
Su.ix     Pkntan'ihua     seu     Hbrmaphrodit'ica. 
BaLIX     Hu'MILIB,    Low    bush    willow.    Speckled 
willow.    Balix  Yitiu'na,  Sai.ix  Erjoceph'ala. 
The  bark    of  each  of  these  has   a   slightly   aro- 
Ddour,  and  a  !>itter  astringent  taste,  which 
is  nearly  the  same  in  all  the  species.     It  is  tonic 
n r i <  1  astringent,  and  has   been  used  in  intermit- 
tent*, and  in  eases  of  dyspepsia,  worms,  <fcc.    The 
■ctive  principle  has  been    separated,  and  called 
•-.-.     It  has  been  found  in  about  fourteen 
-  'if  Balix  and  eight  species  of  Populufl  :  is 
1  ik«»  the  quinia  in  medicinal  efficacy.    Dose,  ^j  to 
4~j  of  the  powder.     Dose  of  Salicine  from  i  to  0 

Balis  Sgtptiaoa,  Oalaf. 

S  vLLENDERS,  Malandria. 

BALLIS.  Adeps. 

S  ILLOW,  Lurid. 

BALLY,  Salix. 

-  VLLY-WITHY,  Balix. 

s  ^LMIAC,  Ammonias  muriaa, 

-afras  tea  flavored 
with  milk  and  sujrar.     Under  this  name  a  tea  is 
sold  in  the   streets    of  London  which   cot  - 
nn  infusion  of  the  wood  of  Laurue  Saevafrae  with 
tip-  addition  of  milk  and  sugar — Sat'eafrae  Tea. 

SALPETRA,    Potaasa,   nitrate  of,   Soda,   ni- 
■f. 

BALPINGEMPHRAX'IS,    from    <ra\ny{,    c*\- 

ziyyos,  'a  tube,'  and  r/i^pci£(j,  '  obstruction.'     Ob- 


struction of  the  Eustachian  tube;  —  a  cause  of 
deafi 

5  ^LPINGFTIS,  from  MAny?, 

tube.' and  iris,  'denoting  inflammation.'    Inflam- 
mation of  the  Eustachian  tu 

SALPINGO"   JTE'SIS,  P  I   ba'ria, 

Qravid'ilae  tuba'ria,  frova  »«Aeiy£,   <ra\xt] 
tube  or  trumpet,' and  tweets,  'pregnancy.'    Tubal 
pregnancy. — See  Pregnancy,  tubal. 

SALPINOOMALLBEN,  Ti  nsor  tympani. 

5ALPINGOPHARYNGJ?'U8,  from  ,a\wty(, 
oa\-iyyos,  '  a  trumpet,'  and  fapvy£,  'the  pbnrynx.' 
Valsalva  and  Douglas  have  given  this  name  to  n 
bundle  of  fibres,  which  passes  from  the  Eustachian 
tube  t.>  the  pharynx. 

BALPING  OSTi  PH  X  LIN1  5,  <  ireumflex 
muscles — s.  Staphylinus  internus,  Levator  palati. 

BALPINGOSTENOCHO'RIA,    from    r„.\T()<, 
vahviyyes,   'a   tube,'   arrvoi,   'narrow.'  and   \wpa, 
Narrowness  or  stricture  of  the  Eusta- 
chian tube. 

6  \l.ri.\X.  Tuba, 
SALSAMENTUM  CRI'DI'M.  Omotarichoa. 


BALSAPARILLA    GERMANICA,     Saraapa- 
rilla  Germanic*. 

s  ILSEDO  MUCRUM,  Potaasaa  nitraa. 

SALSEPAREILLE,  Bmilax  sarsaparilla  — a. 
d'Allemagne,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica — s.  i 
til,  -■.  Oaraque,  t.  <!>■  Honduras,  t.  de  J't'ru,  and 
t.  <!<■  Portugal,  see  Bmilax  sarsaparilla. 

B  \!.S[FL  Tragopogon  porrifolium. 

SALSILAGO,  Muria. 

SALSOLA   DECUMRENS,  B.  Kali. 

Salso'la  Kali,  &  Decnm'bene,  Kali  eoda  seu 
ftphio'mim  cochlea 'turn,  Prick/;/  Saltwort,  Trague 
sive  Tragwn  Matthi'oli.  Ord.  Chenopodiaeese; 
from  eal,  'salt,'  owing  to  its  saline  proi 
This  plant,  as  well  as  SaUola  eati'va  and  >'<</*,, ,,f 
no/Id  seu  longifo'lia,  Kali  iner'mie,  fferba  oitri, 
produces  the  alkaline  salt,  commonly  called  Ba- 
rilla, Soda,  or  Kelp. 

BAL80LA  Longii-ot.ia,   S.  Kali— s.  Sativa,  <tc, 
see  S.  Kali,  and  Soda  —  s.  Soda,  see  S.  Kali. 

BALSUGINOSUS,  Halmyrodes. 

SALS  IS.  Saline. 

SALT.  Sal,  Hal,  Huh.  'a\g,  (F.)  Set.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  a  considerable  number  of  sub- 
of  very  different  nature.  At  present,  ehy- 
mists  apply  the  term  Salt*  exclusively  to  the  com- 
bination of  an  acid  with  one  or  more  bases.  Neu- 
tral x"lt*  are  those  in  which  the  acid  and  base 
reciprocally  saturate  each  other.  Acid  falts  or 
euperealte,  (F.)  Sur-eele,  are  those  in  which  the 
acid  predominates  over  the  base.  Alkaline  8altH 
or  tubealte,  (F.)  Sotw-eele,  those  in  which  the  base 
is,  on  the  contrary,  predominant.  The  different 
denominations  of  the  salts  are  compounded,  1.  Of 
the  name  of  the  acid:  the  termination  of  which 
is  changed  into  ilp,  when  the  name  of  the  acid  is 
in  <>>tx  ;  —  ate,  when  it  is  in  ie.  Thus  the  salts 
II  formed  by  the  tnlphuroue  acid  are  tulphite* ; 
those  by  the  sulphuric,  sulphates.  2.  This  name 
is  followed  up  by  that  of  the  oxyd,  which  enters 
into  the  composition  of  the  salt.  Thus,  the  sul- 
phate of  protoaryd  of  iron  is  a  combination  of 
sulphuric  acid  with  the  protoxyd  of  that  metal. 
Frequently,  to  shorten  the  name,  the  word  oxyd 
is  suppressed:  and  proto,  denfa,  trito,  <vc,  put 
before  the  acid  :— as  protoeulphate  of  iron. 
pic  suits  are  those  re-nltim:  from  the  combina- 
tion of  an  soid  with  a  single  base;  <l<>nhle  salt* 
with  two  different  bases:  triple  with  tin 
A  haloid  salt  is  one  constituted  after  the  type  of 
common  -alt,  or  which  contains  a  metal  arid  a 
talt-radieal,  as  chlorine,  iodine,  Ao.  An  i 
is  formed  from  the  combination  of  an  acid  with 
an  oxide. 

When  soft  i<  used  in  an  abstract  sense,  it  means 
the  chloride  of  sodium. 


SALTANS  ROSA 


816 


SAMPSUCUS 


Salt,  Aperiext,  of  Frederick,  Soda,  sulphate  ||  depend   upon    an  essential  oil.     They  are  tonic, 


of — s.  Baker's,  Ammonia  oarbooas — s.  of  Barilla 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Bay,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Bitter  purging,  Magnesia  sulphas — s.  Com- 
mon, Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Epsom,  Magnesia?  sul- 
phas— s.  (Hauler's,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Glau- 
ber's, Lymington,  see  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Pres- 
ton, see  Ammonia?  carbonas  —  s.  Rochelle,  Soda, 
tartrate  of — s.  Rock,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Sea, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Secondary,  Neutral  salt — s. 
Seignette's,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Smelling,  Ammo- 
niae carbonas — s.  of  Soda,  Soda,  subcarbomtfe  of 
—  s.  Sore-throat,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sulphatis 
paucillo  mixtus. 

Salt    of    Tartar,   see   Potassae   subcarhonas, 
and  Potash. 

Salt,  Tasteless  Purging,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 

Salt  of  Urixe,  Ammoniae  carbonas. 

Salt,  White,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

Salt  of  Woodsoot,  Ammoniae   carbonas  —  s. 
of  Wormwood,  'see  Potash. 

SALTANS  ROSA,  Urticaria. 

SALTATIO,  Dancing  — s.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 

SALT'ERTON.  A  village  about  four  miles  to  I 
the  eastward  of  Exmouth,  England,  frequented  i 
as  a  winter  abode  by  invalids.  It  is  in  a  small,  | 
open  valley  on  the  seashore,  and  is  well  protected  | 
from  winds,  particularly  the  northerly. 

SALTISH,  Halmyrodes. 

SALTPETRE,  Potass*  nitras. 

SALT  US,  Leap,  Vulva— s.  Tendinum,  Subsul- 
tus  tendinum. 

SALTWORT.  PRICKLY.  Salsola  kali. 

SALUBRIOUS.  Salutary. 

SALUBR10USNESS,  Salubrity. 

SALUBRIS.  Salutary. 

SALU'BRITY,     Salu'britas,     Salu'briousness, 
(F.)  Salnbrite,  from  salus,   'health.' 


carminative.     In    the   form  of  a 
?age  is  occasionally  used  as  a  di- 


Dose,  gr. 


stimulant,    and 

weak  infusion, 

luent,  and  as  a  wash  for  sore  mouth. 

xv  to  xxx  or  more. 

Salvia  Africa'xa,  Wild  Sage,  a  South  Afri- 
can species,  has  the  same  medical  properties  as 
Salvia. 

Salvia  Colorata,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Hormi'num,  S.  colora'ta,  Hormi'num, 
H.  co/ora'tum  seu  anti'vum,  (F.)  Sauge-hormin,  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  used  in  similar  cases. 

Salvia  Hortexsis,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Lyra'ta,    Wild    Sage,    Cancer  Weed ; 
indigenous.     The  fresh  leaves,  bruised,  are  used 
i  to  destroy  warts.     It  has  been  supposed  to  be  of 
use  in  cancer. 

Salvia  Mixor,  Salvia  —  s.  Officinalis,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Scla'rea,  Sclarea,  Gallit'richum, 
JEthio'pis,  Bi Her' mas,  Coins  Jovis,  Common  Clary, 
(F.)  Sauge  sclaree,  Grand  sauge,  Orvale  ou  Toute- 
bonne.  The  leaves  have  been  recommended  as 
corroborants  and  anti-spasmodics. 

Salvia  Vit,e,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Salvia, 

BAMADE'RA  LN'LICA,  Ord.  Simarubew,  fur- 
nishes the  Niepa  bark,  which  is  possessed  of 
antiperiodic  properties. 

SAMBU'CUS,  from  aan^v^n,  an  ancient  musi- 
cal instrument,  said  to  have  been  made  of  its 
|  wood.  Sabu'cus,  Sambucus  nigra  seu  vulga'ris 
seu  arbo'rea,  Acte,  Infe'lix  lignum  j  Elder,  El- 
norne,  Ellen-tree,  Ellarne,  (Sc.)  Boartree,  Bore- 
tree,  Bountree,  (Prov.)  Bottry  tree,  Burtree,  Ellet, 
Elren,  Scaic,  (F.)  Sureait  commun.  Ord.  Capri- 
fuliaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia  —  (the 
flower  and  bark  were  formerly  called  Cano'pttm). 
The  flowers,  berries,  and  bark  of  the  elder  have 
which  contributes  to  the  health  of  individuals  or  ||  been  used  in  medicine.  The  flowers  have  been 
of  communities.    Situations  differ  materially  from  \\  reputed  diaphoretic    and   discutient:  the  berries, 

ause  of  the  ||  aperient  and  sudorific;  the  bark,  purgative,  and, 
in    small    doses,    deobstruent.     The   flowers   are 


each  other  in  this  respect;  and  the  ca 
difference  is  often  an  interesting  topic  of  inquirv. 

SALUS,  Sanitas. 

SALUTAIRE.  Salutary. 

SAL'UTARY.  Peries'ticos,  Saluta'ris,  Salu'- 
her,  Salu'bris,  Hygiei'nus,  Hygias'tieus,  Hygie'- 
rus,  Salu'brius,  (F.)  Salutaire,  Safubre.  Same 
etymon.  Healthy.  That  which  is  favourable  to 
health.  Some  diseases  have  been  considered  sa- 
lutarv  :  but  this  is  doubtful. 

SALUTIF'EROUS,  Salu'tifer  ;  from  salus, 
8alntis,  'health,'  and  fero,  'I  bear.'  Bringing 
health  :  health-bearing. 

SALYATEL'LA  ;  same  etymon,  [?]  Vena  sal- 
ratel'la,  is  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand,  near 
its  inner  margin.  It  begins  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  fingers  and  dorsal  surface  of  the  hand, 
by  a  plexus,  formed  of  a  number  of  radicles,  fre- 
quently anastomosing  with  each  other  ;  it  then 
ascends  to  the  inner  part  of  the  forearm,  where  it  ; 
takes  the  name — posterior  cubital.  The  ancients 
recommended  this  vein  to  be  opened  in  certain 
diseases,  as  in  melancholic  and  hypochondriacal 
affections  ;  and  they  attributed  to  such  abstraction 
of  blood  considerable  efficacy  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease :  hence  its  name. 

SALVE,  BLISTERING,  Unguentum  lyttre— 
s.  Deshler's,  Ceratum  resinae  compositum — s.  Eye, 
Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri  —  s.  Eye,  Single-  i 
ton's.   Unguentum  hydrargj-ri  nitrico-oxydi  —  s. 
Healing,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

SAL'VIA.  (from  salveo,  '  to  be  sound,'  owing 
to  its  reputed  healing  qualities  :)  S.  officinalis 
seu    horten'sia    seu   vulga'ris  seu   minor,   Elelis'- 


sometimes  used  in  fomentations,  and  to  form  a 
cooling  ointment. 

SAMBrcrs  Arborea,  Sambucus  —  s.  Chamse- 
acte,  S.  ebulus. 

SAMBrcrs  Eb'ulus,  S.  Chameeacte  seu  he'lion 
seu  hu'milis  seu  herba'cea,  Ebulus,  CJiamtpoc'te, 
Od'ocoa,  Dicarf-elder,  Banewort,  (F.J  Hieble, 
Yeble.  The  root,  interior  bark,  leaves,  flowers, 
Sambucus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  berries,  (Baccce  seu  Grar.a 
Actes,)  and  seeds,  have  all  been  given  in  mode- 
rate doses  as  resolvents  and  deobstruents ;  and  in 
I  large  doses  as  hydragogues.  The  berries  of  Sam- 
1  bucus  Canadensis,  the  Common  Elder  of  America, 
are  made  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States.  A  distilled  water  of  the  flowers, 
|  Aqua  Sambu'ci,  Elder  Water,  is  officinal  in  the 
\  London  and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias. 

Sambucus  Heliox.  Sambucus  ebulus — s.  Her- 
bacea,  S.  ebulus — s.  Humilis,  S.  ebulus — s.  Nigra, 
Sambucus. 

Sambucus  Pu'bexs,  S.  pubes'cens  seu  race- 
mo'sa,  Red-berried  Elder  ;  indigenous.  The  bark, 
in  decoction,  is  said  to  be  a  valuable  hydragogue 
cathartic. 

Sambucus  Racemosa,  S.  pubens — s.  Vulgaris, 
Sambucus. 

SAMI  TERRA,  Sa'mian  Earth.  An  argilla- 
ceous earth,  found  in  the  island  of  Samoa,  to 
which  were  ascribed  virtues  similar  to  those  of 
the  Terra  Lemnii. — Galen,  Dioseorides. 

SA'MIUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  found  in  the  Isle 
of  Sam os,  which  the  ancients  believed  to  be  as- 


phacos.  Sage,  Save,  (F.j  Sauge,  Petite  Sauge,  The      tringent  and  refrigerant. 


d'Europe  ou  de  France.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  Sage  leaves,  Salvia 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  peculiar,  aromatic  odour,  and 
a  warm,  aromatic,  bitterish  taste.     Their  virtues 


SAMPHIRE.  Crithmum  maritimum. 
SAMPSON.  BLACK.  Echinacea  purpurea. 
BAMPSUCHDS,  Thymus  mastichina. 
SAMPSUCUS,  Origanum  majorana. 


SAMPSYCIIINOX 


817 


S  A  X  I  T  A  R I  U  M 


BAMPSYCH'INON,  Sampeu'ehinum,    An  oint- 
ment  OODB] '1  of  au^v^ov,  which  was   perhaps 

marjoram.  —  Dioscorides. 
lBILIS,  Curable. 
\i:l.K.  Curable. 
\Ml "NI>A.  Geum  urbanum. 

Iln,  Curation,  Cure. 
.  riVE,  Curative. 
-     NA  I0R1  I'M.  Sanitarium. 
SANA  rOKY, "Curative. 

GIULIANO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
At    the    foot  <<t'   the    mountain    San   Ciuliano.  a 
ind  a  half  from  Pisa,  are  several  mineral 
uperature  from  Sl°  to  107°  Fahr. 

'.zetto,  contains  carbonic  acid, 
eulnhatcs  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia  :  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  magnesium  :  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia;  argil  and  silica. — Santi. 

BAND,  see  Gravel  — 8.  Brain,  see  Pineal  gland 
—  ?.  Pineal,  see  Pineal  gland. 

DALUM   OfiRULEUM,  Guilandina  mo- 

b.  Rubrum,  Pteroearpus  santalinus. 

BAN'DARAC,   Sandara'eha,  Gum  Ju'niper  or 

Smndarach,  Pounce,  Gummi  Jnnip'eri,  Sandara'- 

Retina  Junip'eri,   (F.)  Sanda- 

rmtjue,   Gomme  <l>    Genivrier.     A  name  given,  by 

the  Arabs,   to  an   odorous  resin,  that  flows  from 

the  Thuya  aphyl'la.     Ord.  Coniferee.     8ex.  Syet. 

Monoecia  Monadelphia.     It  is  stimulant,  like  all 

the  resins  :  but  is  very  little  used. 

NDARACHA  GR^SCORUM,  Realgar. 
BAND-BLIND,    nearly    blind.     A    detect    of 
vision,  in  which  small  particles  seem  to  fly  before 
the  c.  -       Vfetamorphopsia. 

Saunders. 
leVitrum. 
BANDIX,  Plinni.i  oxydum  rubrum. 
BANDYX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 
SANG,  Blood  —  «.  Artfriel,  Arterial  blood  —  a. 
.  Rutnex  sanguineus — *.  Dragon,  see  Ca- 
lntnus  rotang  —  s.  Globule*  du,   Globules  of  the 
blood — x.  Perte  de,  Btaeinorrbagia. 

BANG  IREE'.     Wine    and    water,    sweetened 
and  Bpiced. 
8ANGL0T, 
8ANGSUE,  llirudo. 

BANGUIDUCTUS  Dl'R.E  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

BANGUIFICATIO,  ILtmatosis  —  s.  Debilior, 
Hyphema! 

BANGDIFLUXDS,  Ha?morrhagia —  s.  Uteri- 
nus,  Metrorrhagia. 

GUIMOTION,  Circulation. 
UUMOTORY,  Circulatory. 
SANG  I  /A.  i  Vaitteau,)  Blood-vessel. 
BANGUINALIS  CORRIGIOLA,  Polygonum 
avicularo. 

BANGUINA'RIA,     from    sanguis,     sanguinis, 

'blood,'  owing  to  the  colour  of  its  juice.    8.  Cana- 

seu  aeau'lis,  Bloodroot,Bloodumrt,Puceoon, 

Bed  Pueeoon,  Red  Root,  Indian  Paint,  Tur*meric. 

Nut.  Ord.   Papaveracea?.     Sex.   Sywt.   Polyandria 

hi.     A    North   American   plant,  the  rhi- 

zoraa.  Sanguinaria  (Ph.  U.  S.),and  seeds  of  which 

are  used  in  medicine.    Tliey  are  emetic.    Dose  of 

the  powder,   6  to  2u  grains.     They  are  said    to 

reduce  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  like  digitalis. 

Bahoi  in  iria,  Polygonum  avicularo. 

BANG1  [NE,  Sanguin'etu,  Snnguino'etu,  Ucp- 

m<it'itii",  Hamato'deM,  Hamate' rut,   ffarmati'nue, 

Hamo'i'dee,  Sanguin'eout,   Hatnat'ic, 

(F.)  Sanguin.     From  tanguit,  sanguinis,  '  blood.' 

Bloody,  l>! l-like;  having  the  oolonr  of  blood, 

as  'a  tanguine  countenance.'  Relating  to.  or 
containing  blood  —  as  'sanguine  temperament.' 
Pletl, 

WGUINEA,  Potassa?  nitras. 
3,  Plethora. 
SANGUINEOUS,  Plethoric,  Sanguine. 


SANGUINEUS,  Sanguine. 
SANGUINIS  ABSORPTTO,  BTsamorrnopnesli 
—  s.  Congestio,  Con  ires  t  ion — b.  Dissolutio,  Rasma- 
teclysis — s.  Fluor,  Hemoptysis — s.  Fluor  V 
Cystorrhagia  —  s.  Ictus,  Apoplexy  —  s.   [ 
Blood-letting — s.  Profluvium  oopiosum,  Bsemor- 
rbagii — s.  Proflnvinm  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia  — 
s.  Stagnatio,  Hsemostasis. 

SANGUIN'OLENT,  Sanguinolt  n't  us,  from  tan- 
guit, tangninit,  '  blood.'  Tinged  with  blood.  An 
epithet  applied,  particularly,  to  the  sputa  when 
so  tinged.     Bloody. 

BANGUINOSUS,  Sanguine. 

SANGUIPUR'GIUM,  iron,  tanguit,  'Wood,' 
and  purgare,  '  to  cleanse.'  Purgation  of  the 
blood.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to  mild 
fevers,  from  an  idea  that  they  purged  the  blood 
of  noxious  matters. 

BANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm — s.  "Concretus,  Coa- 
gulant— s.  Draconis,  see  Calamus  rotang — 8.  Hind 
siceatus,  Bee  Flood — s.  Menstrnus,  see  Met  set  — 
s.  in  I'rina,  Hematuria  —  s.  Yirginis  primum 
menstruates,  see  Menses. 

SANGUISOR'BA  CANADENSIS,  Canada 
Burnett.  From  tanguit,  '  blood,'  and  tnrbere,  'to 
absorb.'  A  tall  indigenous  plant — Ord.  Rosacea?— 
with  white,  sometimes  purple, flowers. w  Inch  appelr 
from  August  to  October.   It  has  the  same  virtues  as 

Sahgoisor'ba    Officina'ijs,    8.  ear'i >■ 
rubra,    ftal'ian    Pim'pinel,    PimpineVla  ItaVivn 
sen  oj/icina'lfit,  (F.)  PimprenetU    noire.     It    w;is 
formerly   used    B8    an    astringent    and    tonic,    in 
hemorrhages,  dysentery,  <tc. 

BANGUISUGA,  Hirudo. 

BANGUISU'GUM,  from  sanguis,  'blood.'  and 
tugere,  '  to  suck.'  A  barbarous  term,  to  denote 
too  great  an  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  heart. — 
Bonetus. 

SAX  I  CLE,  Sanicula,  S.  Marilandica — B.  Ame- 
rican, Bench  era  cortnsa — t.deMariland,  Sanicula 
Marilandica —  s.  Yorkshire,  Pinguieola  vulgaris. 

SANICULA,  (from  sano,  'I  heal,')  Saxifraga 
granulata. 

Sanic'tilA,  S.  Europa'a  seu  offieina'rwn  sen 
ntas,  Aeirrtn'tia  diapen'sia,  Cauca'lis  Sanic'ula, 
Cuculla'ta,  Dodeca'theon,  Sym'phytnm  petra'um, 
Diapen'tia,  D.  cortu'ta,  San' trie,  Wood  March, 
(F.)  Toute-eaine.  Ord-.  Umbellifera?.  Sex.  Sytt, 
Pentandria Digynia.  This  herb  was  formerly  used 
as  a  mild  astringent.  It  is  bitterish,  and  some- 
what austere. 

Sanicula  Eboracensis,  Pinguieola  vulgaris — s. 
Europaja,  Sanicula. 

Samc'ila  Maiulan'dica.  San'icle,  Ma'ryland 
Sanicle,  Black  Snakeroot,  (F.)  Sanicle  de  Mary- 
land. This  indigenous  plant  grows  in  marshes, 
or  low  and  shaded  ground.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  virtues;  and  the  powdered  root  is  employed 
in  popular  practice  as  a  favourite  remedy  in  in- 
termittent fever.  It  has  been  recommended, 
also,  in  (diorea. 

Sahicula  Montana,  Pinguieola  vulgaris  —  s. 
Officinarum.  Sanicula. 

SANIDO'D  ES,  Sanio'det,  'resembling  a  board.' 
from  oavts,  gen.  oavttos,  '  a  board,'  ami  avos,  '  re- 
semblance.'    One  whose  thorax  is  narrow,  ami. 
|  as  it  were,  contracted. 

8ANIE,  Sanies. 

SAW  IKS.  Ichor,  Tabum,  Virus,  Pus  malig4 '- 
num  seu  eorroei'vnm,  (F.)  Sanie,  corrupted  from 
tanguit,  'blood.'  A  thin,  serous  fluid, presenting 
some  of  the  qualities  of  pus  and  blood,  and  eom- 
monlv  exhaled  at  the  surface  of  ulcers. 

SAN1EUX,  Fhorous. 

BANIODES,  Sanidodes. 

BANIOSUS,  Ichorous. 

SANIOUS,  [chorous. 

BANITA'RIUM,  Sanatorium.  Same  etymon. 
as  the  next.     A  retreat  selected   for  valetudina- 


SANITARY 


SAPO 


rmns.  in   consequence  of  its  salubrity.     Also,  an 
establishment  for  the  treatment  of  the  sick. 

SAN'ITARY,  San'atory,  from  sanitas,  'health,' 
(F.)  Savitaire.  That  which  relates  to  health, 
and  especially  to  public  health  ;  as  etablissement 
sanitaire,  police  sanitaire. 

SAN'ITAS,  from  sainw,  '  healthy,'  Hygi'e'a,  Hy- 
<r'n.  Hygian'aia,  Hygi'asis,  Integ'  ritas,  Proaper'- 
itaa  Valetu'dinis,  Salus,  Hygiei'a,  Yaletu'do,  Vali- 
tn'do,  Yaletu'do  bona  seu  secun'da  seu  eom'moda, 
JTipjei' a, Euzoodyna'mia, Health,  (Sc.)  Heil,  Heyle, 
Heal,  (F.)  Saute,  from  saims,  'sound.'  Health 
has  been  defined.— a  state,  in  which  all  the  func- 
tions are  exerted  with  regularity  and  harmony. 
A  person  may,  however,  be  in  health,  although 
certain  functions  are  not  performed.  A  blind 
man,  for  example,  has  health  when  all  his  func- 
tions, exeept  sight,  proceed  with  regularity. 
Sanity  is  often  used  for  soundness  of  mind. 

Sanitas  Cure. 

SANITY.  Sanitas. 

SANKIRA,  Smilax  China. 

SANS  PAIRE,  (Veine,)  Azvgos  vein. 

SANTA  CRUZ.  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This  West 
India  island  is  frequently  selected  as  a  winter  re- 
treat for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian  from  the 
United  States;  but  it  does  not  seem  entitled  to 
any  preference,  in  such  cases/  over  the  other 
islands  of  the  West  Indies,  whilst  its  general 
salubrity  is  said  to  be  less  than  that  of  many. 

SANTAL  BLANC,  Santalum  album— s.Bouge, 
Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTALUM,  see  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

San'talum  Album,  S.  cit'rimnn  seu  pallidum 
seu  myrtifo'lium,  Sir'ium  myrtifo'lium,  Yellow 
Saunders,  (F.)  Santal  blanc.  Ord.  Santalaceae. 
Sex.  Syat.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  virtues 
of  the  wood  of  the  white  saunders  reside  in  a 
volatile  oil  and  resinous  principle.  The  odour  is 
fragrant,  and  resembles  a  mixture  of  ambergris 
and  roses.  It  has  been  used  as  a  stimulant  and 
sudorific,  but  it  is  not  now  employed.  The  saun- 
ders woods  are  called,  collectively,  in  French, 
Santa  ux. 

Santalpm  Myrtifoltum,  S.  album  —  s.  Ru- 
brum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTE,  Sanitas. 

SANTONTCUM,  Artemisia  santonicum. 

SAN'TONINE,  San'tonin,  Cinin.  A  peculiar 
crystalline  substance  obtained  from  Artemisia 
Santonica.  It  possesses  the  anthelmintic  pro- 
perties of  the  plant.     Dose,  five  or  six  grains. 

SANTORI'NI,  FISSURES  OF,  (F.)  Incisures 
ou  Scissures  de  Santorini,  Clefts  at  the  upper 
and  back  part  of  the  fibrocartilaginous  portion 
of  the  external  ear. 

Santorini,  Tu'bercles  of.  Small  cartilagi- 
nous projections  at  the  top  of  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages, which  support  the  ligaments  of  the  glottis. 
See  Corniculum  Laryngis. 

SANVE,  Sinapis. 

SAO'RIA,  Sauarja.  The  ripe  and  dried  fruit 
of  Maeaa  seu  Bacob'otrys  plcta,  an  Abyssinian 
tree,  which  is  administered  in  its  native  country, 
in  powder,  in  doses  of  from  32  to  44  grammes,  as 
a  taeniafuge. 

SAP,  Sax.  raepe.  (G.)  Saft,  Ar'borum  Suecus 
sen  Lympha,  (F. )  Seve.  The  circulating  fluid  of 
the  vegetable,  which  corresponds  to  the  blood  of 
the  animal. 

SAPA.  see  Rob. 

SAPHA'DA.  Paracelsus  has  given  this  name 
to  reddish  scales  adherent  to  the  hair  in  some 
eruptions  of  the  hairv  scalp. 

SAPH2ENA,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NA.  Saphcp'na,  from  co^r,  'manifest.' 
•evident.'  (F.)  Saphene.  A  name  given  to  two 
subcutaneous   veins  of  the   lower  limb.     These 


are:  1.  The  Great  Saphena  Vein,  S.  interna, 
Tibio-malle'olnr  (Ch.),  (F.)  Grande  Veiue  Sa- 
phene ou  Saphene  interne.  Its  radicles  occupy 
the  inner  part  of  the  great  toe,  and  form  a  trans- 

I  verse  arch  on  the  back  of  the  foot,  which  unites 
;  with    the    saphena    externa,    and   receives    at   its 

convex  part,  which  is  turned  forwards,  a  number 
j  of  branches  coming  from  the  toes.     These  radi- 
cles, when  united,  ascend  before  the  inner  ankle, 
and  form  a  trunk,  the  size  of  which  is  farther 
increased  by  several  branches  that  proceed  from 
j  the  region  of  the  tarsus,  and  that  of  the  meta- 
tarsus,    This    trunk    ascends    vertically    at    the 
,  inner  part  of  the  leg;    passes  behind  the  inner 
condyle  of  the  femur:  proceeds  along  the  inner 
:   part  of  the  thigh  ;    receives  other  subcutaneous 
i.  veins,  such  as  the  abdominal  subcutaneous,  the 
external  pudic,  &c,  and  passes  through  the  in- 
ferior opening  of  the  crural  canal  to  empty  itself 
into  the    femoral  vein.     2.    The    Lesser  Vena 
Saphena     or    Saphena     exteriia,    Perone'o-mah 
le'olar  Vein  of  Chaussier,  (F.)   Petite  Veiue  Sa- 
|  phene  ou   Sojdtene  externe,   commences  by  seve- 
i|  ral  roots,  which  are  spread  over  the  dorsum  and 
i   outer  side  of  the  foot,   and   embrace   the  outer 
ankle.     Rehind    this,    they  unite   into    a    single 
i   trunk,  which  ascends  obliquely,  approaching  the 
J  tendo   Achillis,  and  proceeds  vertically  towards 
the  ham  to  open  into  the  popliteal  vein. 
SAPHENE,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NOUS.   Sapheno'sits ;    from   Saphena. 
|   Of  or  belonging  to  the  saphena. 

Saphenous  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral  nerve. 
They  are  the  short  saphenous  —  nervus  cvtaneuu 
interims ;  and  the  long  saphenous  —  nervus  culu- 

II  neus  interims  Inngus. 
The  external  saphenous,  formed  by  the  union 

of  the  communicans  poplitei  and  communicans 
;  peronei,  passes  down  the  leg  by  the  side  of  the 
external  saphenous  vein  of  the  foot. 

SAPID,  Sa'porous,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux, 
II  from  sapere,  'to  taste.'  Possessed  of  sapidity 
Having  the  power  of  affecting  the  organs  of 
taste. 

SAPID'ITY,  Sajj'idness,  Saporos'ity,  Sapor, 
(F.)  Sapidite.  The  quality  of  bodies  that  gives 
them  taste. 

SAP  IN  GOMMUN,  Pinus  picea. 

SAPIN'DUS,  (sapo,  and  Indus,  'Indian  soap,') 
S.  Sapona'ria,  Sapona'ria,  Soap  Tree,  (F.)  Sa- 
vonnier  commun.  Ord.  Sapindaceae.  The  name 
of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Soap  Nuts,  Sapona'- 
ricB  Xu'cuIce,  Bac'ccs  Bermuden'ses,  Soap-berries. 
A  spherical  fruit  about  the  size  of  a  cherry,  the 
cortical  part  of  which  is  yellow,  glossy,  and  so 
transparent  as  to  show  the  spherical  black  nut 
that  rattles  within,  and  includes  a  white  kernel. 
The  cortical  part  of  this  fruit,  which  has  similar 
effects  with  soap  in  washing,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  chlorosis,  and  as  a  stomachic  and 
deobstruent. 

SAPO,  Soap,  Sax.  Tape,  Smegma,  (F.)  Savon. 
A  product  obtained  by  treating  fatty  bodies  with 
caustic  alkalies  dissolved  in  water.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  it  means  Soap 
made  with  soda  and  olive  oil.  See  Sapo  medi- 
cinalis. 

Yellow  Soap  is  formed  of  turpentine,  oil,  and 
alkali. 

Castile  Soap,  being  made  of  fine  olive  oil,  is 
generally  used  internally.  The  yellow  and  soft 
I  soaps  are  the  most  stimulating:  and  are,  conse- 
quently, best  adapted  for  particular  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Internally,  soap  is  purgative  and  diuretic;  ex- 
ternally, it  is  detergent  and  stimulant.  Soapy 
|  water  is  used  with  the  greatest  success,  in  cases 


SAPONACEOUS 


819 


SARCOCOLLA 


roing  by  acids.     It  is  mostly  applied  ex- 
ternally to  bruises  ami  sprains.      In    I 'Intimacy, 
1  to  favour  the  solution  of  r  - 

!•  id  Soap,  is  a  combination  of 
a  fixed  oil  with  an 

Amhoitiacalis,    Liniinentum   ammonias 

fortius  —  s.  Aminonise  oleaeeus,  Linimentnm  am- 

:  rtiua —  b.  Amygdalinua,  Bapo  medicina- 

coconeus —  s.  Calcarius, 

Linimeotum   aquas   calcia  —  s.    Castiliensis,   see 

:  ledicinalis. 

j,    Sapo  cacaotVnua,   Soap  <■/ 
Nut   Oil,  (F.)  S.ivnn  de  eaeoa,  baa   been 
much  used  in  Germany  in  herpetic  affections. 

s,  S.  medicinalia  —  s.  Hispanicus, 
medicinalis. 
B  b,  S.  Mollis. 

LiQ'urDD8,  Liquid  Soap,  Lotto  iapona*- 

metic  which  U  composed  of  i 
tartari  per  deli  qui  nm  ^ss.  Hub  together, 
and  add  aqua\  roaarum  3  \  i j . 

Mbdicina'lis,  Sapo  amygdali'uu*,  Me- 
die"inal  Soap,  (F.j  Savon  m(dieinal,is  made  with 
oil  of  sweet  almonds  and  half  its  weight  of  caus- 
tic alkali,  or,  like  the  Sapo  Hiapan'icut  sen  ''■>-- 
tilien'aia,  Spaniah  <>r  Castile  soap,  Sapo  durua, 
Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Savon  dur,  of  olive  oil  and 
soda. 

Sapo  Mollis,  S.  wVtdis  seu  nPaer  seu  ha'li- 

nmon   "r  Soft   Soap,  (F.)  Savon    mom   mi 

b  made  of  potass  and  oil  or  tallow.     The 

ndgaria  or  'common  soap'  of  the  Pharm. 

U.  S.  is  made  with  soda  and  animal  oil. 

Xickii,  Black  Soap,  Melanotwteg'ma,  is  a 
-ition  of  train  oil  and  an  alkali  :  and  GsSBH 
vir'idia,  of  hempseed,  linseed,  or  rape 
oil,  with  an  alkali.     See  Sapo  mollis. 

Sapo  Vkgetabilis,  Polris  gummosus  alkali- 
nus  —  r.  Viridis,  Sapo  mollis  —  r.  Vulgaris,  see 
Bapo  mollis. 

BAPONA'CEOUS,  Sapona'cem,  (F.)  Saponaei, 
from  tapo,  taponia,  'soap.'     Soapy.      Containing 
soap,  as  Linimentum  taponaeeum,  Soap  liniment. 
SAP0NA1RE,  Saponaria. 
BAPONA'RIA,   from   Sapo,   'soap,'   the  juice 
forming  a  lather  with  water.    Soap-wort,  Brniae- 
<      '.  Bouncing  Bet,  Stru'thium,  Lana'ria,  Lvch- 
nisofficiimli*  seu  eylvee'tri*,  Ibix'uma,  Boot' in  ml- 
F.  i  Saponaire,  Savonniire.     Ord.  Caryo- 
phyllaceae.     Sex.   Synt.  Decandria   Digynia.     A 
m  of  the    leaves   of   this   plant   has   been 
imended    in    scrofula,    cancer,   old    syphilis, 
cutaneous  eruptions,  jaandice,   visceral   obstruc- 
.Vc.     It  is  hardly  ever  used. 
BaPOBTARIA,  Bapindns  saponaria. 
BAPONARUE  NUCUL2B,  see  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SAP  ONE.     Soap,    to   which    are   added    sub- 

-  capable  of  communicating  to  it  new  pro- 

.  without  affecting  its  own. — I'eral. 

BAPO'NEA.      A    pectoral    medicine,    prepared 

rup  of  violets,  and  oil  of  sweet 

al  111  ■  ■ 

BAPON'ULES,     Sapou'uli,     (F.)     SavonuUe. 
etymon.     Combinations  of  volatile  or  es- 
il  oils  with  different  bases. 
At  in  S.u'iim  lks  are  combinations  of  such  oils 
with  different  acids. 

8AP0NULB*.   A  tincture  (aleoolS),  sufficiently 
to  cause  it  to  assume  ■ 
ihape.  —  B6ral. 
8AP0NURE.     A  medicine,  formed   of  soap, 
in  powder,  and  of  resinous  or  extractive  matter-. 
'OR,  Bapidity,  Savour. 
'0R0S1  IV.  Sapidity. 
BA  POROUS.  Sapid. 

BAr  I  ckrae,  Achraa  Sapota  sen  amm- 

tm'lit  sea  Zapata,   El  niapero,  OvaLfru 

til/a.     Fam. 


Sapotaeese.     S  Hexandria  Digynia.    A 

tree  which  grows  in  the  Antilles,  and  particularly 
.  ■  Bt  Domingo.  Its  fruit  is  much  esteemed.  It 
es  the  marmalade  of  quinces;  and  hence 
has  been  called  natural  marmalade.  The  seeds 
make  an  emulsion,  which  has  been  given  in 
nephritic  affections.  The  bark  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  febrifuge. 

s  kpor  \  An  in:  \».  Bapota. 

SAPOTIER,  Bapota, 

BAPOTILLA,  Bapota. 

SAPOT/LLIEB,  Bapota. 

BAPROPTRA,  Typhus  graTior. 

S  A  PROS,  Putrid,  Rancid. 

BAPROS'TOMUS,  from  mxrpic,  'foul,  of  a  bad 
odour,'  and  aTO\ia,  'mouth.'  One  who  ha.-  an 
offensive  breath. 

SAPROTES,  Putrefaction. 

Sf  &  apoue.  One  who  has  a  largo 
foot  :  whose  toes  are  largely  separated,  or  whose 
feet  are  much  asunder  in  walking:  from  aatpu, 
'I  grin,'  and  roi>s,  'the  foot.'      See  Kyllosis. 

BARATO'GA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  The 
Saratoga  springs  in  New  York  are  ten  miles 
north-east  from  Ballston.  They  contain  the 
same  ingredients  as  those  of  the  latter  place  ; 
and  are  much  frequented  by  visitors  from  every 
part  of  the  United  States.  The  following  analy- 
sis has  been  given  of  the  Oongresa  apring.  In  a 
wine  gallon  —  gaaeona  content*:  carbonic  acid, 
311  cubic  inches;  atmospheric  air.  7.  Solid  con- 
tents: chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  385;  iodide  of 
sodium,  gr.  3.5;  bicarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  8.982; 
bicarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  95.788  :  carbonate  of 
lime,  gr.  98.098;  carbonate  of  iron,  gr. 
silica,  gr.  1.5;  bromide  of  potassium,  a  trace. 
Total,  gr.  597.943.  — Steel. 

The  Walton  or  Iodine  xj,rincj  contains  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  iodide  of 
sodium. 

SARCEPIPLOCELE.  Snrcoepiploeele. 

S  A  It  C  E  P  I  P  L  0  MPIIALOCELE,  Sareoepi- 
plomphalocele. 

SARCEPIPLOMPIIALUS,  Sarcoepiplompha- 
lus. 

BARCIDIUM,  Caruncle. 

S ARC IX A,  F<r>tus. 

Bar'cixa  Vkntiuc'ili,  S.  Goodrir'ii,  L.  Sar- 
cina,  ' a  pack,  a  woolpack  ;'  Meriamopot'dia  veu- 
triculi  (Robin).  A  microscopic  cryptogamous 
plant  found  in  the  fluid  of  waterbrash. 

SAP,  CI  ON.   Caruncle. 

SARCITES,  Anasarca  — s.  Flatuosus,  Em- 
phvsema. 

SARCITIS,  Myositis. 

SARCOCE'LE.  Hernia  camo'sa,  Fein-hits  Tei- 
tic'uli,  from  crap£,  aapxoi,  'flesh,'  and  kt]\tj,  'a 
tumour:'  Sarco'ma  ecroti,  (F.)  Hernie  charnue. 
Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the  testicle.  This  disease 
affects  adults  particularly  j  and  appears  most, 
commonly  after  an  inflammatory  swelling  of  the 
testicle.  Sometimes  it  is  dependent  upon  a  blow; 
at  others,  it  makes  its  appearance  without  any 
appreciable  cause.  It  i-  well  known  by  a  hard, 
heavy,  ovoid  or  spherical  swelling  of  the  testicle, 
which  is.  at  first,  slightly,  or  not  at  all  painful, 
and  merely  Causes  an  unpleasant  traction  on  the 
spermatic  cord.  There  is  no  beat  or  change  of 
colour  of  the  skin  :  tin-  spermatic  cord  is  swollen, 
and  participates  in  the  affection  :  very  painful 
shootings  occur;  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
abdomen  become  swollen,  and  form  a  tumour, 
which  may,  at  times,  be  felt  through  the  abdo- 
men :    and  the  patient,  at  lengtb,°dies  with  every 

sign  of  the  cancerous  diathesis.     The  prognosis 
i-  very  unfavourable.     The  only  means,  ii 

that  can    save   life,  is  the   extirpation    of  t 

tide. 

,'OCOL'LA,  (F.)   Voile  choir,   from   cmof, 


SARCODES 


0 


SATELLITE 


'flesh,'  and  KoWa,  'glue.'  A  resinous  matter,  ob- 
tained from  Pence' a  Sarcocol'la,  P.  mucrona'ta, 
and  other  species  of  Penaea ;  an  African  shrub, 
which  has  been  so  called  from  a  belief  that  it 
facilitates  the  consolidation  of  flesh.  It  is  in  the 
form  of  small,  oblong,  semitransparent  globules, 
of  a  yellowish  or  reddish  hue.  and  smells  like 
aniseed.  It  was  once  employed  as  an  astringent 
and  detergent. 

SARCODES,  Carneous. 

SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE,  Sarcepiploce'le,  from 
<rap£,  aapKog,  'flesh,'  e-cttXoov,  'the  epiploon,'  and 
Kri\n,  'a  tumour.'  Epiplocele,  complicated  with 
sarcoma  or  sarcocele. 

SARCOEPIPLOM'PHALUS,  Sarcepiplom'- 
phalw,  Sarcepiplomphaloce'le,  from  aap£,  capKog, 
'flesh,'  e-i-r\oov,  'the  epiploon,'  and  o/*</>aAoj,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  formed  by  scirrhous 
epiploon  or  complicated  with  sarcoma. 

SARCOHYDROCELE,  Hydro-sarcocele. 

SARCOLEM'MA,  Sarcole'mn,  from  aap%,  capKoq, 
'flesh,'  and  \ejipa,  'a  coat.'  The  sheath  which 
surrounds  the  fibrils  of  muscle  that  form  a  fibre. 
It  is  quite  distinct  from  the  areolar  membrane 
that  binds  the  fibres  into  fasciculi. —  Bowman. 
See  Perymisium. 

SARCOLOGIA,  Myology,  Sarcology. 

SARCOL'OGY,  Sarcolorj"in,  from  cap!;,  capKoc, 
'  flesh.'  and  Aoyoj,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  soft  parts.  It  comprises 
myology,  angiology,  neurology,  and  splanch- 
nology 

SARCO'MA,  Fmphi/'ma  Sarcoma,  Sarcom'a- 
touft  tumour,  Sarco'sis,  Porrus,  Sarcophy'ia,  Ecsar- 
co'ma,  Exsarco'ma,  Tumor  car'neus.  Excrescen'tia 
carno'sa,  Pol'ypus  carno'sus,  from  cap^,  capKoq, 
'flesh.'  Any  species  of  excrescence  having  a 
fleshy  consistence. 

Sarcoma,  Carcixomatops.  Scirrhus  —  s.  Cer- 
cosis.  see  Cercosis  —  s.  Epulis.  Epulis  —  s.  Gela- 
tinous, see  Tumour,  fibro-cellular —  s.  Mastoid. 
Mammary  sarcoma  —  s.  Medullare.  see  Encepha- 
loid  —  s.  Medullary,  Eucephaloid,  Haematodes 
fungus — s.  Pulpy,  Haematodes  fungus — s.  Scroti, 
Sarcocele. 

Sarcoma.  Common  Yas'cular  or  Orgaxt'zed 
of  Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  Sarcoma  Vascnlo'sum, 
is  vascular  throughout:  texture  simple:  when 
bulky,  napped  on  the  surface  with  arborescent 
veins.    Found  over  the  body  and  limbs  generally. 

SA  nrO.UA  TETX,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATOUS.  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATOUS.  Sarcomata's,,*,  Sarcoma- 
todes. (F.)  Sarcomateux.  Belonging  to,  or  having 
the  charactprs  of  sarcoma. 

SARCOMPHALUM,  Sarcomphalus. 

SARCOM'PHALUS.  Sarcom' phnlum,  from 
ca/>|,  aapKog,  'flesh.'  and  op&a'Xos,  'the  navel.' 
A  scirrhous  or  fleshy  tumour,  developed  at  the 
navel. 

SARCOMYCES.  Sarcospongus. 

SARCOPHAGUS.  Carnivorous,  Catheretic. 

SARCOPHYIA.  Excresence.  Sarcoma. 

SARCOPSYLLA  PENETRANS,  Chique. 

SARCOPTE,  Aearus. 

SARCOPTES.  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

SARCOPYO'DES.  from  <™P£  capKog,  'flesh.' 
rvov,  'pus,'  and  eiSos,  'resemblance.'  Having 
the  appearance  of  pus  mixed  with  flesh.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  excreted  matters,  and  par- 
ticularly to  the  sputa  of  those  labouring  under 
consumption. 

SARCO'SIS,  from  crapf,  c*Pkos,  'flesh.'  The 
formation  of  flesh.     Also,  sarcoma. 

Sarco'sis  Bcjlbi,  Exophthal'mia  fnnao'sa  seu 
sarcomat'ica.  A  fleshy  growth  from  the  globe  of 
the  eye. 


Sarcosis  Uteri,  Metrauxe. 

SARCOSPOXG'US,  Sarcomy'ces,  from  oap$, 
oapKog,  '  flesh,'  and  atoyyos,  '  fungus.'  A  fleshy 
fungus 

SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteo-sarcoma. 

SARCOTIC,  Incarnans. 

SARCOUS,  from  oapt,  aapKos,  'flesh.'  Of.  or 
belonging  to,  flesh  or  muscle  —  as  '  sarcous  tis- 
sue.' 

Sarcocs  El'ements,  Primitive  par'ticle*.  The 
elementary  particles,  which,  by  their  union,  form 
the  mass  of  muscular  fibre.  —  Bowman. 

SARDIASIS,  Canine  lauch.  Risus  sardonicus. 

SARDOXIA  HERBA,  Ranunculus  seeleratus. 

SARDOXIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardo- 
nicus. 

SARDOXIUS  RISUS,  Canine  laugh. 

SARE,  Essera. 

SARRACE'XIA,  Side-saddle  plant,  Flytrap. 
The  root  of  Sarracenia  flava  and  S.  variola')  is 
is  bitter  and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in 
South  Carolina,  as  a  domestic  remedy  in  dys- 
pepsia. 

SAPBASiy,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

SARRETE,  Trismus  infantum. 

SARRIETTE,  Satureia  hortensis— s.  de  Crete, 
Satureia  capitata. 

SARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARSAPARILLA,  (S.)  Zarza,  'a  briar,'  and 
pnriUa,  '  a  little  vine.'  Menispermum  Canadense, 
Smilax  S. 

Sarsaparilla,  False,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

Sarsaparil'la  Germax'ica,  Gramen  major 
seu  rttbrum,  Sahaparil'la  Germanica,  Carex  Are- 
na'ria,  (F.)  Laiche,  L.  des  Sables,  Salscpareille 
d'Allcmagne,  Chiendent  rouqe.  Ord.  Cyperaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Triandria.  A  plant,  which 
grows  plentifully  on  the  sea-coasts  of  Europe.  It 
has  been  recommended  in  some  mucous  affections 
of  the  trachea,  in  rheumatism,  gout,  Ac. 

Sarsaparilla,  Indian,  Hemidesmus  Indicus 
—  s.  Wild.  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SARTAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla, 

SARTO'RIUS,  from  sartor,  'a  tailor,'  because 
used  in  crossing  the  legs.  Suto'rius,  Lonc/is'si- 
mus  Fern' oris,  Fascia' lis,  F.  Longus  seu  suto'rius, 
(F.)  Rio-cresti-tibial,  Fiio-pretibial  (Ch.),  Coutu- 
rier. A  muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  small,  and  flattened,  and 
extends,  obliquely,  from  the  anterior  and  superior 
spine  of  the  ilium  to  the  superior  and  inner  part 
of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  can.  also,  bend  the  pel- 
vis on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

SARX.  Flesh,  Pulp. 

SARZA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SASSA  GUM.  A  gum,  occasionally  carried 
into  the  European  markets  from  the  East,  and 
answering  exactly  to  Bruce's  description  of  the 
product,  of  a  tree,  which  he  calls  Sassa.  It  has 
considerable  resemblance  to  Gum  Tragacanth. 

SASSAFRAS.  Laurus  sassafras,  Xectandra 
cymbarum — s.  Medulla,  see  Laurus  sassafras — s. 
Nut,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  s.  Radicis  cortex,  see 
Laurus  sassafras. 

Sassafras,  Swamp.  Magnolia  glauca. 

Sassafras  Tea,  Saloop. 

SASSY  BARK,  A  poisonous  bark  of  a  large 
tree — Genus.  Erythrophleum,  E.  Jndicia'le  ;  Nat. 
Ord.  Fabaceas:  Red  icater  tree  of  Sierra  Leone — 
growing  in  Western  and  Central  Africa,  used  in 
an  ordeal  to  which  persons,  suspected  of  witch- 
craft, secret  murder,  and  other  crimes,  are  sub- 
jected, to  test  their  innocence  or  guilt.  Hence  it 
is  called,  in  Congo,  ordeal  bark,  and  in  Ashantee 
and  Liberia,  doom  bark. 

SAT'ELLITE,  Satelles,  genitive  Satellitis. 
That  which  guards.     That  which  is  placed  near. 

Satellite  Yeixs  are  those  that  accompany 
arteries. 


S  A  T  H  E 


821 


SAXOXICUS   PULVIS 


^ATIIE.  Penis. 
-  ttiety. 

'.  ty. 
SATI'ETY,  Sati'etaM,  Saiu'riHu,  St'Ht 
tmra'iio,   Plei  <>■.    from  satiare  (itself 

from  i  pre  enough.'     Disgust 

I'ur  food;  commonly  produced  by  repletion. 
i  X.  Lunaria  rediviva. 

Absorbent  (medicine.) 
BATURATIO,  Satiety,  Saturation. 

DRA'TION,     Satura'tio,    from    satmrare, 
■■■■in,    [mitii,   'enough'),    'to    satiate.'     The 
:    a    compound   in  which    its    elements   are 
combined  in  such  proportions  that  a  fresh  quan- 
tity of  either  cannot  be  added  without  producing 

'.'■:.[    \    C  MMTA'TA.  from  Eanpot,  'the 
.'  owing  t<«  it<  presumed  power  of  exciting 
ry.      Cil'iated  Sa'vory,  Thymus,  T. 
•:  capita' tut  sen  Oret'icus,  Cuni'la,  (F. 

- .     Ord.  Labiate.  ,  Didy- 

namia  Gymnospermia.      Possesses   similar  pro- 
-  i"  thyme. 

:i:i'a    HoRTBN'RIS,    Sttureia,    S.    sati'va, 
Cuui'la    tativa    Plin'ii,    Thymbra,   Summer  &r*- 
r<y/y.  (F.)  Sarriette.      An    aromatic  plant,   culti- 
vate I   for   culinary  purposes.      It   has  been  used, 
\eitant.  in  anorexia,  anaphrodisia,  Jtc. 
RBI  A    Orig  vnoidks,    Cuniln  mariana  —  s. 
Sativa,  S.  bortensis. 
BATURITAS,  Satiety. 

QRNI  DULCEDO,  Plumbi  superaeetas. 
SAT'ORNINE,     Saturni'nus,    from    saturnus, 
'lead.'     Containing,  or  caused  by,  lead. 

rhine   Breath.     The  peculiar  odour  of 
the  breath  in  one  labouring  under  Saturnismus. 

BATURNISM'US,  Intoxica'tio  sen  Caehex'ia 
seu  Dyscrasia  taturni'na,  Moly  'a,  from 

saturnus,   'leal.'     Poisoning  by   lead;   lead-poi- 
_' :  saturnine  cachexy. 
.  URNUS,  Plumbum. 
SATYRI'ASIS,    from  Zarvpos,  'a  Satyr;'  be- 
cause the  Satyr-  were  greatly  addicted  to  venery. 
Satyrias'mus,    Satyris'nuts,   Priapis'- 
mus,  Sa  Brachu'na,  Artu'con,   Lagne'ri* 

S'i/'ic'' itnx,  L. furor  maseuli'nus,  Lagne'a,  Lag- 
ui'a,  Lagno'sis,  Lasciv'ia,  Laseiv'itas,  Tenti'go 
rere'tri.  An  irresistible  desire,  in  man,  to  have 
at  connexion  with  females,  accompanied 
by  the  power  of  doing  so  without  exhaustion. 
The  causes  are  commonly  obscure.  Sometimes, 
the  abuse  of  aphrodisiacs  has  occasioned  it.  The 
principal  symptoms  are:  —  almost  constant  erec- 
tion ;  irresistible  and  almost  insatiable  desire  for 
venery:  frequent  nocturnal  pollutions.  Cold 
lotions;  the  cold  bath:  a  mild  diet;  active  exer- 
the  only  means  that  can  be  adopted 
for  its  removal. 

Satyriasis  Furehs,  Satyriasis. 
B  ITYRIASMUS,  Satyriasis. 
B  \  rYRION,  Orchis  mascula. 
BATYRISMUS,  Satyriasis. 

BATYRIUM,  flood  vera  pubescens. 
BAUARJA.  Saoria. 
SAUCE-ALONE,  Alliaria. 

:  CE,  GREEN,  Kumex  scutatus. 
BAUCH,  Salix. 

BAB  BR  K  KA  bl  Mi.'.  '  so„r  cabbage,' (F.) 
Chou-rroute.  A  culinary  preparation, made  with 
chopped  cabbage,  left  to  attain  an  incipient  state 

Of  acetous  fermentation.  It  is  reputed  by  the 
Germans  to  be  salubrious,  easy  of  digestion,  and 
tisoorbutic. 

8  IUQE,  Salvia  —  $.  d, »  !',<,!*,  Teuerium  scor- 
diutn  —  a.  Orande,  Salvia  Bclarea  — *.  Bormin, 
Salvia  borminum  — «.  de  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria 
—  h.  Petit*,  Salvia  —  «.  Selarie,  Salvia  sclarea. 

BAUGH,  Salix. 

SALLE,  Salix. 


SAU3/URE.  Maria. 

-  BONDERS,  RED,  Pterncarpus  santalinus  — 
s.  Tree.  1'teroearpus  santalinus — s.  Yellow,  San- 
talum  album. 

SAT  MA.  Lizard. 

SAURU'ROS  CER'NUUS,  from  oavpos,  'a 
lizard,' and  ovpa,  'a  tail.'  Liaard'a  Tail,  Breast 
weed,  Indigenous;  Ortser,  Saururaoessj  flower- 
ing in  June.  It  has  been  used  in  lumbago.  The 
bruised  root  is  emollient,  and  is  a  popular  ap- 
plication to  inflamed  breasts. 

BATJ8  IGE  POISON,  Allantotoxicum. 

8AUT,   Leap. 

SAUTE  USES,  see  Gonvuleionnair*. 

SA  D  VE-  VIE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

SAVE,  Sage. 

SA  VEUR,  Savour. 

SA  VI  \  E,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SA  VI XI Eli,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAVON,  Sapo  —  s.  AmtHoniacal,  Linimentura 
ammonia'  fortius  —  a.  Cacao,  Sapo  eoconeus  —  «. 
Caleaire,  Linimentum  aquae  ealcis — a.  Ditr,  Sapo 
durus  —  a  Midieinal,  Sapo  medieinalis  —  s.Muu, 
Sapo  mollis  —  t.  Xm'r,  Bapo  mollis. 

SA  VONNIER  COM  MUX,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SA  VONNTERE,  Saponaria. 

SA  VOX  CLE,  Saponulus. 

SA  VONULUS,  Saponulus. 

BAVORY,  CILIATED,  Satureia  capitata  — s. 
Summer.  Satureia  bortensis. 

SA'VOLR,  Sapor,  Taste,  (F.)  Saveur.  Quality 
of  bodies,  by  which  they  act  upon  the  sense  of 
taste.  Chymists,  at  times,  avail  themselves  of 
this  quality  t«  analyse  an  unknown  substance. 

SA  VOUREUX,  Savoury. 

SA'VOURY,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savonrewc.  An 
epithet  given  to  bodies  that  have  taste;  and 
particularly  to  those  that  excite  a  very  agreeable 
impression  on  the  organ  of  taste. 

SAVOYAN,  Galium  verum. 

SAW,  Prion,  Sen-a,  (Dn.)  Sawe,  (Sax.)  ra5a, 
(F.)  Scie.  A  surgical  instrument,  made  like  a 
common  saw;  and  used  for  sawing  the  bones  in 
amputations,  or  for  removing  exostoses,  Ac,  Saws 
of  different  sizes  and  shapes  are  used  in  surgery. 
The  crown  of  the  trepan  is  nothing  more  than  a 
species  of  circular  saw. 

Saw,  Amimta'tio.v.  Serra  amputate' ria.  The 
saw  used  in  amputation. 

Saw,  Hey's.  An  instrument  used  by  Mr.  Hey, 
of  Leeds,  in  fractures  of  the  cranium.  It  consists 
of  a  long  handle,  to  which  a  small  saw  with  a 
convex  or  straight  edge  is  attached,  and  by  which 
a  piece  of  bone  of  any  shape  may  be  removed. 
With  the  trephine,  the  saw  must  always  be  cir- 
cular. 

SAW  PALMETTO,  Chamajrops  serratula  — s. 
Wort.  Liatris. 

SAXIF'RAGA,  from  aaxum,  'a  stone,'  and 
frango,  'I  break.'  Pimpinella  saxifraga — s.  An- 
gliea,  Peucedanum  Bilaus. 

S axie'raga  Crassifo'lia.  Ord.  Saxifragacene. 
tf.  Decandria  Digynia.  The  root  of  this 
species  of  saxifrage  has  been  extolled  by  Pallas, 
as  pre-eminently  antiseptic. 

Saxtfraga   Granula'ta,  8.  alba,  Sanie'ula, 

S>  d,i:!i.     White  ""  ;  '/'/';'/;/»  ,  [  F.  )    Sn.r ,'/',;  iij,    '/niiudec. 

Recommended  as  diurectic  and  lithontriptic ;  but 
not  used. 

Swti  i:\cA  Ribra,  Spiraea  filipendula  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Peucedanum  Bilaus. 

SAXIFRAGE,  BURNET,  Pimpinella  saxifraga 
—  h.  ffranulSe,  Saxifraga  granulata  —  s.  Meadow, 
Peueedanum  silaus  —  s.  White,  Saxifraga  gra- 
nulata. 

BAXIFRAGUS,  Lithontriptic. 

SAXON'ICUS  PULVIS.  A  powder,  prepared 
with  the  roots  of  the  wild  and  cultivated  ange- 


SCAB 


822     SCAMXUM   HIPPOCR ATICUM 


lica ;  the  asolepiaa  vinectoxieuin,  &c.  It  was  [I 
considered  formerly  as  an  antidote. 

SCAT.,  Sca'bie8,  from  scabere,  'to  dig.'     Scall,  | 
(Prov.)   Rove.       An     incrustation,    which    forms 
upon  a  sore,  owing  to  the  concretion  of  the  fluid 
discharged  from  it.     An  eschar. 

SCABBY  or  SCABBED.  Covered  or  diseased 
with  scabs. 

SCABIES,  Psora  — s.  Agria,  Lichen  —  s.  Ca- 
pitis, Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  s. 
Capitis  favosa,  Porrigo  favosa — s.  Crustosa,  Rad- 
zyge — s.  Fera,  Ecthyma. 

ScA'BIKS  Feri'na,  Itch  of  animals,  Mange,  (pro- 
nounced Maynge.)  A  cutaneous  disease,  which 
affects  almost  all  domestic  animals,  hut  especially 
the  horse,  sheep,  dog,  and  cow.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  transmitted  to  man ;  but  this  is  ques- 
tionable. 

Scabies  Ferina,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Norwegica 
Boeckii,  Radzyge  —  s.  Papuliformis,  Prurigo  —  s. 
Sicca,  Lichen,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Venerea  contagiosa, 
Scherlievo. 

SCABIEUSE  ORDINAIRE,  Scabiosa. 

SCABIOLA,  Scabies. 

SCABIO'SA,  S.  arren'sis,  Tri'chera  arven'sis, 
Field  Sea'bious,  (Sc.)  Eastning  xcort,  (F.)  Sea- 
bieuse  ordinaire,  Ord.  Dipsaeea?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Tetrandria  Monogynia.  From  scaber,  'rough,' 
owing  to  its  rough  hairy  surface.'  The  plant  is 
hitter  and  sub-astringent,  and  was  formerly  used 
in  the  cure  of  leprous  affections  and  diseased 
lungs. 

Scabiosa  Arvensis,  Scabiosa  —  s.  Carduifolia, 
Eehinops. 

Scabiosa  Succi'sa,  Succisa,  S.  praten'sis,  Aste- 
roceph'alus  succisa,  iforsua  Diab'oli,  Devil's  bit, 
(F.)  Morsdu  Biable,  has  similar  properties. 

SCABIOUS,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum  —  s. 
Field,  Scabiosa  —  s.  Sweet,  Erigeron  hetcrophyl- 
lum. 

SCABISH,  (Enothera  biennis. 

SCABRITIES,  Lichen,  Trachoma. 

SCALA,  'a  ladder.'  A  machine  formerly  used 
for  reducing  dislocations  of  the  humerus. 

Scal^e  of  the  Coch'lea,  Gyri  seu  Ductus  spi- 
ra'les  seu  Cana'les  cochlecB,  (  F.  )  Bampes  ou 
Echelles  dn  Limacon — are  the  cavities  in  the 
cochlea,  separated  from  each  other  by  the  spiral 
septum.  The  one — Scala  inter'na  seu  pozte'rior 
seu  inferior  coch'lecp,  S.  tym'pani —  would  com- 
municate with  the  cavitas  tympani  by  the  fenes- 
tra rotunda,  were  it  not  for  the  membrane  that 
closes  it.  The  other —  Scala  exter'na  seu  ante- 
rior seu  superior  coch'lecp,  S.  vestib'uli — opens 
into  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule.  The  scala?  com- 
municate with  each  other  by  an  opening  at  the 
top  of  the  partition. 

Scala  Anterior  Cochleae,  see  Scala  —  s. 
Clausa,  see  Scala — s.  Externa  cochleae,  see  Scala 
— s.  Inferior  cochlea?,  see  Scala — s.  Interior  coch- 
lea?, see  Scala  —  s.  Posterior  cochlea?,  see  Scala 

—  s.  Superior  cochlea?,  see  Scala —  s.  Tympani, 
see  Cochlea,  and  Scala — s.  Vestibuli,  see  Coch- 
lea, and  Scala. 

SCALDRICKS,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

SCALE,  Sax.  )  cale,  from  rcylan,  'to  divide, 
separate;'  (G.)  Schale,  'shell,  peel;'  schalen, 
'to  shell,  to  peel.'  Squama,  Lepis,  (F.)  Escaille, 
Ecaille.  An  opake  and  thickened  lamina  of 
cuticle,  commonly  produced  by  some  degree  of 
inflammation  of  the  true  skin,  over  which  it  is 
formed. 

Scale,  Dry,  Psoriasis. 

SCALE  XE  AXTERIEUR,  Scalenus  anticus 

—  .<?.  Posterienr,  Scalenus  posticus. 
SCALE'NUS,  aKaXijvog,  'irregular  or  unequal.' 

Geometers  employ  this  word  to  designate  a  tri- 
angle whose  three  sides  are  unequal.    Anatomists 


have  given  the  name  to  two  muscles.  1.  Scalenfs 
AxTi'crs,  Portion  of  the  Costo-trachelian  (Ch.), 
(F.)  Scalene  anterieur.  is  situate  at  the  internal 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
triangular;  and  is  inserted,  below,  at  the  upper 
surface  of  the  first  rib;  and,  above,  at  the  ante- 
rior tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
3d,  4th,  5th,  and  fith  cervical  vertebra?.  This 
muscle  bends  the  neck,  and  draws  it  to  its  side. 
It  can  also  raise  the  first  rib.  2.  Scalenus  Pos. 
ti'o'S.  (F.)  Scalene  posterienr,  Portion  of  the 
Costo-trachelian  (Ch.),  is  situate  behind  the  last. 
It  is,  also,  long  and  triangular;  but  more  bulky 
than  the  8.  anticus.  It  is  attached,  below,  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  first  two  ribs  :  and  terminates, 
above,  at  the  summit  of  the  transverse  processes 
of  the  last  six  vertebra?  of  the  neck.  This  mus- 
cle bends  the  neck  laterally,  and  can  elevate  the 
first  two  ribs.  Some  anatomists,  as  Albinus  and 
Sb'mmering,  have  described  five  scaleni  museks 
on  each  side,  and  have  called  them  Sea/ems 
prior,  S.  vii)i'imus,  S.  later  a' lis,  S.  me'dius,  S. 
posti'cus.  Riolan  and  Chaussier  only  describe 
one  scalenus  muscle  on  each  side.  Cowper  and 
Douglas,  and  the  generality  of  the  English  ana- 
tomists, admit  three,  S.  anti'cus,  me'dius,  and 
posti'cus ;  or,  primus,  seaoi'dus,  and  ter'tius ; 
Winslow,  Boyer,  and  many  of  the  French  anato- 
mists,— two,  as  above  described. 

SCALING  —  same  etymon  as  Scale — in  dentis- 
try, is  an  operation,  which  consists  in  removing 
the  tartar  from  the  teeth. 

SCALL,  ( (Sc.)  Shaw,)  Impetigo,  Scab— s.  As- 
bestos, see  Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp — s.  Crusted, 
Impetigo — s.  Dry,  Psoriasis — s.  Honeycomb,  Por- 
rigo favosa  —  s.  Humid,  Eczema — s.  Milky,  Por- 
rigo larvalis — s.  Papulous,  Ecthyma — s.  Running, 
Eczema,  Impetigo  —  s.  Vesicular,  Eczema  capitis 

—  s.  Washerwoman's,  Psoriasis  diffusa. 
SCALLARD.  Porrigo. 

SCALLED  HEAD.  Porrigo,  P.  scutulata. 

SCALP,  Teut.Sch  el  pe,  'a  shell.'  (Old  Eng.) 
Scop.  The  integuments  covering  the  head.  The 
hairy  scalp  is  called,  also,  Capillit"ium,  Tricho'- 
ton,  Ccpsa'ries,  (F.)  Chevelure,  Cuir  chevelu. 

SCALPEL,  Scalpel'lum,  Scalpel' I  us,  Culter, 
Tnciso'rium,  Smi'leon  ;  from  scalpo,  'I  cut.'  A 
cutting  instrument,  formed  of  a  blade  of  well- 
tempered  steel,  very  sharp,  of  variable  shape  and 
size,  and  fixed  solidly  in  a  handle.  Its  use  is  to 
divide  the  soft  parts  in  operations,  dissection,  &c. 

SCALPELLUM,  Scalpel— s.  Lenticulare,  Pha- 
copis. 

SCALPELLUS.  Bistouri,  Scalpel. 

SCALPEUM,  Bistouri. 

SCALPRUM,  Raspatorium  —  s.  Chirurgicum, 
Lancet. 

ScALPRUM  Dexta'rii'M,  Lima  denta'ria.  A 
tooth-file.  A  dental  file  or  file  used  by  the 
dentist. 

Scalprum  Rasorium,  Raspatorium. 

SCALY.  Squamous. 

Scaly  Diseases  or  Squama:,  Lepido'ses,  form 
the  second  order  in  Willan  and  Baternan's  system 
of  cutaneous  diseases. 

SCAMMA,  Fossa. 

SOAMMONEE  D'ALEP,  Convolvulus  Mam- 
mon ia. 

SCAMMONIUM,  see  Convolvulus  scammonia 

—  s.  Syriacum,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 
SCAMMONY.  Convolvulus  scammonia. 
Scammoxy,  Bourbon.     The  concrete  juice  of 

Periploca  Mauritiana. 

Scammoxy,  Germany.  The  concrete  juice  of 
Convolvulus  sepium. 

Scammoxy  of  Montpellier,  Cynanchum  Mon- 
speliacum. 

SCAMXUM  IIIPPOCRAT'ICUM,  (damnum, 


SCAXDIX 


82  3 


scArur.An 


'a  bench.')      Bathron    II  >   of  Galen, 

'ane  oV  Hippocrate.      A   machine    invented 
r  reducing  fractures.     It  was  s 
■   long,  on  which  the  patient 
Straps  were  attached  above  and  be- 
low the  fracture  <>r  luxation,  and  extension  and 
gonnter-extcnsion  were  effected  hy  n  winch.     It 
ibed  in   Galen,  Oribasius,  Scultetus,  Ac 
thron. 

refolium. 
;>ix   BuLBOCASTANUU,    Bunium   bulbocas- 
taniim. 

i   i'i.iim.     Srandir,     Scandyx, 
'     rt  7*./  in  in,    Daucus   Si  priii'  ii<*, 
i  \ihi/l'lum,     Ch.    Snti'rinii     -fii     Cerefn'lium, 

Anthi   •  '    iiim,     Chan  fo'lium,    Chervil, 

feuil.      Ord.    Umbelliferso.      Sex.    Syst. 
jPantandria  Digynia.     A  culinary  herb,  which  is 
•Kghtlv  aromatic  and  grateful,     li  is  said  to  be  i 
gently  aperient  and  diuretic 

■  i\  Odora'ta,  Sweet  Cic"ely.     Propertiea 
ue    as    the    other.     Also,   Cbssrophyllum 

turn. 
x  DULARIUS  MUSCULUS,  Parathenar, 
-  pedis. 
SCAND'i  X.  Scandix  cerefolium. 

MIA.  Scaphus,  -a  skiff  or  cock -boat,' from 

•  1  make  hollow.'  The  excavation  or 
cavitv  of  the  external  ear,  between  the  helix  and 
anthelix.  The  meatus  auditoriua  ex  tern  us.  The 
rima  vulvae.     Also  the  name  of  a  bandage  for  the 

ntioned  hy  Galen,  and  called,  likewise, 
Thalus  Diocle'us. 
\  I'll  I  \.  N 
BCAPHION,  Cranium,  Papaver  (Capsule). 

i'lll  I'M  OCULA'RE,  Pelvit  Oeula'ris, 
i  V.)     Hateiii     on     Gondole    oculaire, 

1 1'.  A    .-mall   porcelain,   glass  or  metallic 

vessel,  used  for  applying  lotions  to  the  eye. 

8CAPH0-CARP0- SUPER-  I'll  ALAXGEUS 
POLLICIS,   Ibductor  pollicis  brevis. 

BC  ^PHOID,  Scaphoi'des, from  wxmfn,  'a  skiff,'  | 

..  'form.'    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Scaphoid   Fossa,  Fossa  Scaphoi'dee,  {¥.)  En- 

foneement    Scaphoide.       A   small    cavity   at    the 

upper  part  of  the  internal  ala  of  the   pterygoid 

.  in  which  the  peristaphylinus  interims  is 

attached. 

B  'in   Bone  OF  THB  Hwn.  Os  Scaphotdes 

•  u  navicula're  seu  eymbifor'mi,  Hunt-like 
bone,  (F.J  Scaphoide  de  la  main.  The  first  hone 
of  ill.'   first   row  of  the   carpus.     The  upper  sur- 

eonvex,  and  articulated  with  the  radius. 
The  under  and  outer  surfaces  are  also  convex, — 
to  lie  articulated  with  the  trapezium  and  trape- 
loides.  Between  the  upper  and  under  eartilagi- 
:  -    ill. -re  is  ;i  rough fo* ma  for  the  inser- 

tion of  tiie  capsular  ligament      The  anterior  and 
inner  surface  bag  an  oral  cavity,  where  it  is  art i- 

:  with   the   ,,s   magnum,  which    gives  name 
to  the  bone.      There  is  a  process  on  the  outer  end  ' 
of  the  bone,  for  the  attachment  of  part  of  the  an- 
terior transverse  ligament  of  the  wrist. 

'Mn  Bosa  ok  Tin:  Foot,  Oh  Seapkotdes 

-  u  navieula'ri  sen  eymbifor'mi,  Boat-like 

S    tphoide    'I"    Pied,      This    hone  is 

situate  at  the  forepart  of  the  astragalus  and  inner 

part  of  the  foot.      The  posterior  surface   forms   a 

cavity,  somewhat  like  that  of  a  boat,  for  receiving 

■  l  of  the  astragalus.  There  is  a  promi- 
nence at  the  inner  side  of  the  bone,  for  the  inser- 
tion of  tendons,  muscles,  and  strong  ligaments. 
The  forepart  of  the  hoi"  i-  convex,  and  divided 

into  three  articular  surfaces    for  articulation  with 
i  euneiformia.     Between  the  os  navioulare 

and  astragalus,  the  fool    has    its    principal    lateral 

and  rotary  motions:  although  each  of  the  other 

■  the  tar-us  contributes  a  little.  Part  of 
the  tibialis  posticus,  is  inserted  into  it. 


SCAPHOIDE DB  LA  MAIN,  Os  senplioidcs 

manus  —  *.  o?n  Pied,  Os  scaphoides  pedis. 

BCAPHOlDO-  A- IK  \<;  'AL  \X.  Scaphotdo- 
astragala'nne.  That  which  relates  to  t:. 
phoid  bone  and  astragalus.  The  articulation  of 
i. led  :  and  the  ligament  which 
strengthens  it  is  termed  the  Seapkoido-aetrngalan 
ligament. 

SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID,  Seaphoido-cul 

US,  That  which  relates  to  the  scaphoid  and  cu- 
lioid  hones.  The  articulation  of  those  bones  is 
so  called. 

PHULA,  Naviculars  foSf  L 

SCAPHUS,  Auditory  canal,  external,  Rima 
vulva1.  Scapha. 

BCAP'ULA,  Scap'uhim,  Plata,  Omopla'ta,  Ho- 
moplata,  Scop'tula,  Epino'tion,  Latitn'dohn'meri, 
Omop'lati,  0«  latum  hu'meri,  Scutum  thora'cis 
sen  cordis,  Spath'ula,  Pteryg'inm,  Chelu'uium, 
Spat'ula;  Blade-bone,  Shoulder-blade,  (Prov.J 
Shield-bone,  Plate-bone,  Spade-bone,  (F.)  Onm- 
plate.  An  irregular,  broad,  Hat  bone,  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  ['art  of  the 
shoulder.  It  has.  1.  A  posterior  or  doreal  sur- 
faeeor  Dorsum,  Teetu'do  scapu'la,  divided  trans- 
versely into  two  parts,  by  a  triangular  process, 
called  Spine  of  the  Scapula;  which  terminates 
hy  a  considerable  eminence,  called  Acromion. 
Above  the  spine,  is  the  Foeea  supra-spinata  ; 
below  it,  the  /'.  infra-spinata.  2.  An  anterior 
or  costal  tnrfaee  or  renter,  forming  the  Fossa 
subscapularis.  3.  A  superior  or  cervical  edge, 
which  is  thin,  and  terminates,  anteriorly,  by  a 
strong,  curved  apophysis,  called  the  coracoid 
process,  4.  A  posterior  or  vertebral  edge,  called, 
also,  the  bane.  5.  An  outer  or  axillary  or  infe- 
rior "l;/c,  having  a  thick,  truncated  angle,  in 
which  is  the  glenoid  cavity.  With  this  is  articu- 
lated the  head  of  the  humerus.  The  g 
cavity  is  separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by 
a  narrow  part  called  the  cervix  or  neck.  The 
r  margins  are,  also,  called  coxier.  The 
scapula  has  three  angles  —  an  inferior,  superior, 
and  anterior. 

B(  \imi.a,  Humerus. 

ScAtTL.t:  Nasi,  Partes  latera'les  nasi.  The 
lateral  parts  of  the  nose. 

SCAPULAL'GIA  ;  from  scapula,  <  the  shoul- 
der-blade.' and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Arthralgia  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

BCAP'ULAR,  Scap'ulary,  Scapula' ris,  (F.) 
Scnpulaire,  from  scapula,  '  the  shoulder-blade.' 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  scapula. 

Scapulas  Aponeurosis.  A  broad,  thin  apo- 
neurosis, with  decussating  fibre.-;  which  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula:  below, 
to  a  crest  between  the  teres  major  and  infra-spi- 
natus;  within,  to  the  Bpinal  edge  of  the  scapula  ; 
and  which,  at  its  middle,  unites  with  the  thin 
aponeurosis  that  covers  a  part  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  deltoid. 

ScAPi'LVit  Aktkkirs.  These  are  several. 
a.  The  Superior  scapular,  Superficial  scapular 
ofSbmmering,  Dor sa' lis  scapula  superior,  Trans- 
versa'lis  scapula,  T.  Hu'meri.  This  arises  from 
the  subclavian  :  and  often  from  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, or  from  a  trunk  common  to  it  and  the  /,.,,_ 
ferior  scapular  or  transverse  scapular  or  ordeal. 
It  pi — s  behind  the  olavical.  above  the  superior 

edge  of  the  Scapula,  and  buries  it-elf  between  the 

dorsal  surface  of  that  bone  and  the  muscles  in- 
serted into  it.  /'.  The  inferior  scapular  or  com- 
mon teapnlar  or  internal   xcapular  or  xii/iscapu/a  r 

artery,  A.  Thorae"ica  axilla' ris  sen  ala'rit  i-  of 
considerable  sise.     It  arises  from  the  inferior  part 

of  the  axillary  artery,  behind  the  brachial  plexus 

—  gives    off  several    branches    to    the    armpit,  and 

into  two  branches: — the  one,  Scapula' rU 


SCAPULARE 


824 


SCELOS 


interna,  and  the  smaller  of  the  two,  is  distribu- 
ted, almost  entirely,  to  the  scrratus  major  ami- 
cus, and  Latiseimus  dorsi ;  the  other,  the  larger 
of  the  two,  the  Doraa'lia  Sea  p' nice  inferior  sen 
Ci rcumjlex.' a  Scapula' ris,  which  distributes  its 
hrancb.es  to  the  subscapular  and  supra-spinal, 
and  infra-spinal  regions. 

Scapular  Notch,  see  Notch,  scapular. 
Scapular  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  which  they  accompany. 
SCAPULARE,  Scapulary. 

SCAP'ULARY,  Scapula're,  Fascia  Scapula'- 
ris,  from  scapula.  A  broad,  linen  bandage,  divi- 
ded into  two  tails  for  three  quarters  of  its  length, 
the  undivided  extremity  of  which  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  middle  part  of  a  bandage  car- 
ried round  the  body;  the  tails  passing  over  the 
shoulders;  and  being  attached  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  body  bandage,  to  prevent  it  from 
sdipping  down. 

SCAPULODYN'IA,  from  scapula,  and  obvvv, 
'pain.'  A  hybrid  word,  signifying  pain  or  rheu- 
matism of  the  shoulder. 

SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL.  An  epithet  given 
to  the  shoulder-joint.  It  is  an  orbicular  articula- 
tion, resulting  from  the  reception  of  the  head  of 
the  humerus  into  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  sca- 
pula. To  keep  the  bones  in  connexion,  there 
are:  1.  A  very  strong,  conoidal  capsular  liga- 
ment ;  passing  from  the  circumference  of  the  gle- 
noid cavity  around  the  neck  of  the  humerus.  2. 
A  Jibro-cartilaginoua  ring,  called  the  glenoid  liga- 
ment, and  a  synovial  capsule. 

SCAPULO-HUMERAL,  Teres  major— s.  Hu- 
wero-olecranieii,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti  —  s.  Hy- 
o'idien,  Omohyoideus  —  a.  Radial,   Riceps   flexor 
cubiti  —  s.  Trochiterien,  grand,  lnfra-spinatus. 
SCAPUS,  Penis,  see  Hair. 
SCAR,  Cicatrix. 

Scak,  Seam.  To  mark  with  a  cicatrix  or 
seam;  —  as  scarred,  (Sc.)  arred,  means  marked 
with  a  cicatrix  or  seam. 

SCARAB^IOLUS  HEMISPHiERICUS,  Coc- 
cus cacti. 

SCAR'BOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Scarborough  Spa.  A  celebrated  English  chaly- 
beate, at  Scarborough,  in  Yorkshire.  One  of  the 
springs  is  a  simple,  carbonated  chalybeate,  like 
that  of  Tunhridge  :  the  other  has  an  admixture 
of  purging  salt.  Scarborough,  having  the  addi- 
tional advantage  of  sea-bathing,  is  much  fre- 
quented bv  invalids. 

SCARCHT,  Hermaphrodite. 
SCARDAMYG'MUS,  Scardamyx'is,  (F.)  Clig- 
iicment,  from  oKaphaiivootiv,  'to  wink.'     Winking. 
SCARFSKIN,  Epidermis. 

SCARIFICA'TION,  Scarifca'tio,  Amyx'is, 
Schnsis,  Catacas' inns,  Cataehas'mus,  Amyg'mus, 
Sehasmns,  Eneharax'i's,  from  aKapicpaofiat,  '  to 
make  a  slight  scratch.'  The  act  of  scarifying. 
Also,  a  small  incision,  Am'yche,  made  into  the 
skin  with  a  lancet,  bistoury,  or  scarificator, 
for  different  therapeutical  purposes,  —  as  to 
draw  blood,  or  to  discharge  some  effused  fluid. 
When  the  scarifications  are  very  superficial,  and 
do  not  go  farther  than  the  skin,  they  are  termed 
by  the  French,  Mouchetures. 

SCARIFICATOR,  Scarificato'rium,  Schaste'- 
rimn.  Same  etymon.  An  instrument  for  making 
scarifications.  It  consists  of  a  small  brass  box, 
of  a  cubical  shape,  in  which  10  or  12  lancet 
points  turn  upon  a  common  pivot.  Ry  means  of 
a  spring,  all  these  blades  can  he  made  to  issue  at 
once,  and  make  as  many  scarifications. 
SCARIFICATORIUM,  Scarificator. 
SCARIOLA,  Cichorium  endivia,  Lactuca  sca- 
riola. 

SCARIOLE,  Cickoruui  endivia. 


SCARLATA,  Scarlatina. 

SCARLATI'NA,  from  (I.)  scarlatte,  'a  deep 
red.'  Scarlata,  Enanthe'sis  liosa'lia,  Liana' Ha, 
Roaaa'liaf  R.  aquamo'aa,  Rosa'licp,  Rube'o/ce,  of 
some,  Morbil'li  ig'nei  seu  conjluen'tea,  3/orbna 
scdrlatino'aua,  Febris  scarlatinosa  seu  rubra, 
Gut'turis  morbus  epidem'icus  Foreat'i,  Pur'purat 
Typhus  acarlati'nua,  Porphyris'mus,  Porphyrin', 
via,  Scarlet  or  Rash -fever,  (F.)  Fievre  rouge,  F. 
pourprie.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of  scar- 
latina are  :  —  a  scarlet  flush,  appearing  about  the 
second  day  of  fever  on  the  face,  neck,  and  fauces; 
and  progressively  spreading  over  the  body  :  ter- 
minating about  the  7th  day.  Two  great  varieties 
may  be  reckoned: — the  S.  simplex  ten  febria  seu 
benig'na  seu  sine  angi'nd,  in  which  the  fever  is 
moderate  and  terminates  with  the  efflorescence; 
prostration  of  strength  being  trifling,  and  the 
contagious  property  slight : — and  the  S.  Augino'sa 
seu  Paristhmit'ica  seu  Cynanch'ica  seu  mil"ior, 
in  which  the  fever  is  severe  ;  the  throat  ulcerated; 
the  eruption  later  in  its  appearance,  and  less  ex- 
tensive; often  changing  to  a  livid  hue;  the  fever 
being  highly  contagious.  Scarlati'na  malig'na 
seu  gru'vior,  has  been  reckoned  a  variety  of  this, 
in  its  worst  degree.  It  agrees  with  the  Cynanche 
maligna  of  Cullen. 

Scarlatina  belongs  to  the  Major  exanthemata, 
and  is  a  disease,  chiefly,  of  children.  The  eruption 
differs  from  that  of  measles,  in  being  an  efflores- 
cence not  raised  above  the  cuticle.  Measles,  too, 
is  attended  with  catarrhal  symptoms,  whilst  the 
complication,  in  scarlatina,  is  cynanche.  The 
treatment  of  simple  scarlatina  need  not  be  much. 
It  must  be  antiphlogistic.  If  the  throat  be  very 
much  ulcerated,  acid  gargles  and  counter-irri- 
tants must  be  employed;  and  if  the  affection  be- 
come manifestly  typhoid,  and  the  sore  throat  of 
a  malignant  character,  the  case  must  be  treated 
like  typhus  gravior;  with  antiseptic  gargles  of 
bark,  acid,  &c.  Anasarca  sometimes  supervenes 
on  scarlatina,  and  requires  attention.  Purgatives 
are  here  demanded  as  well  as  the  use  of  sorbefa- 
cients,  such  as  mercury  and  squill,  &c. 

Scarlatina  Anginosa,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Be- 
nigna,  see  Scarlatina  —  s.  Cynancbica,  see  Scar- 
latina— s.  Febris,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Gravior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Miliaris,  Rubeola  —  s.  Mitior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Paristhmitica,  see  Scarlatina  —  s. 
Pustulosa,  Rubeola  —  s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue  — 
s.  Sine  Angina,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Urticata,  Urti- 
caria. 

SCARLATI'NOUS,  Scarlati'na].,  Scarlatino'- 
sus.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  scarlatina. 

SCARLET  BERRY.  Solanum  dulcamara. 

SCARLET  FEVER,  Scarlatina. 

SCATACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCATACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCAW,  Sambucus. 

SCEAU  DE  SALOMON,  Convallaria  poly- 
gonatum. 

SCELAL'GIA,  from  cKt\og,  '  the  leg/  and  u\yog, 
'pain/     Pain  of  the  leg. 

Scelalgia  Antica,  Neuralgia  femoro-pretibi- 
alis  —  s.  Postica,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea  —  s. 
Puerperarum,  Phlegtnatia  dolens. 

SCELETEU'SIS.  Mummification.  Also,  the 
mode  of  making  a  skeleton,  Skeletopoe'a,  Syn- 
taxes. 

SCELETOLOGIA,  Skeletology. 

SCELETON,  Skeleton. 

SCELET0P03A,  Sceleteusis. 

SCELETUM,  Skeleton— s.  Artificiale,  see  Ske- 
leton—  s.  Naturale,  see  Skeleton. 

SCELONCUS,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SCELORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  cruris, 
from  aKeXog,  'the  leg,'  and  pevna.  '  defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  leg. 

SCELOS,  Leg. 


SCELOTYRBE 


8-2  5 


SCIIWEXDECK 


SCELOTYRBE.  Chorea,   Porphyra  nautiea  — 
sultus  tendinoin — s.  Festinans, 
Paralysis  agitana —  .-.  Tarantismus,  Chorea. 

SCEPARNON.  Amnion,  Ascia. 

BCEPASTERIUM,  Couvreehef. 
VSTRUM,  Couvreehef. 
PTRUM,  Penis. 

BCHASIS,  Scarification. 

BCHASMUS,  Scarification. 

BCH  ISTERION,  Fleam,  Lancet.  Scarificator. 

BCHEBA    V.RABUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 
EDULA,  Prescription. 
ERBET',  Sherbet',  Serbe?,  TecherUf,  Sot- 
.  Sorbet'tum,  Sorbe'tum.    A  drink  prepared 
by   the   Turks,    Persians,    Egyptians,   &e.,  with 
and  tin'  juice  of  acid  fr  i 

SCHERLIEVO,  Skerljevo,  Mnle  di  Seh 
Mule  di  Breuo,  Malt  di  Fiume,  M-d>-  di  Scarlievo, 
Midi;     teab  ioso    venereo,    Margaretitum,    Jf<>rl>><* 
Oroatiia  Beu  Jiumin  tooAt'a    Wyr'ica, 

Seabiee  venerea  coutayio'sa,  Venereal  Itch.  A 
Dame  given  to  a  particular  form  of  syphilis, 
i  iii  Illyria.  It  is  said  to  be  capable  of 
being  communicated  without  immediate  contact ; 
and,  that  its  principal  symptoms  arc:  —  pains  in 
the  hones,  ulceration  of  the  fauces,  pustules,  and 
fungous  growths  in  different  parts  of  the  laxly. 

i.ms.  known  by  this  name,  as  well  as  by 
those  of  Male  di  Breno,  Faleadi'ua,  lU,n\n  and 
Frenga,  prevail  in  the  frontier  countries  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  and  are  generally  regarded  as 
contagious,  of  syphilitic  origin,  and  as  having 
ntroduced  from  a  surrounding  country. 
The  terms  appear,  however,  in  the  course  of  time, 
to  have  been  applied  to  a  variety  of  ulcers,  erup- 
tion-, and  other  morbid  conditions  in  no  way 
OOnnected  with  syphilis,  so  that  they  lost  their 
peculiar  signification.  —  Sigmund. 

BCHERO'MA.  A  dryness  of  the  eye  from  the 
■want  of  lachrymal  secretion. —  Dictionaries. 

SCH I  AS.  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea. 

SCHIATICUS.  Sciatic. 

BCHIDAKE'DON,  Sehidaee'dum,  Schindaee'- 
diini,  Schindal'amua,  Schindul'viua,  from  oki^u, 
•  I  cleave'  A  longitudinal  fracture  of  a  hone. — 
Galen. 

BCHINDACEDUM,  Bchidakedon. 

8CHINDALAMUS,  Bchidakedon,  Schindy- 
lesis. 

BCHINDALBSIS,  Schindylesis. 

BCHINDALMUS,  Bchidakedon,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDYLESIS,  Sehindale'eia,  Sehindal'a- 
iinis,  Schindal'mue.  An  articulation  of  hones  — 
by  farrowing,  as  it  were  ;  as  in  that  of  the  vomer, 
which  constitutes,  in  part,  the  septum  narium. 
Also,  the  act  of  splitting  into  small  pieces:  from 
c^ikSuAsw,  'I  split  into  small  pieces.' — Ilippo- 
orates. 

SCHINELJi'ON,  from  ax^vog,  'the  mastic 
tree.'  and   iXmor,    'oil:'    Oleum    icnlin'ciitiim.      Oil 

of  ma-tic.  —  Dioscorides. 

BCHINOCEPH  MJ'S,  Scillocephalus. 

-    IIIINOS,  Scilla. 

SCHINZNACH  <.r  HAPSBURG,  MP 
WATERS  OP.     These  Bprings  are  situate  three 
-  from   Baden,  and  are  amongst  the  most 
rated    bathing-places  in  Switzerland.     The 
waters   are  of   the  saline   sulphurous   kind:    and 
i    bigh    reputation    in   cutai us   and   rheu- 
matic affections,  visceral  obstructions,  and  glan- 
dular enlargements.     They  contain   sulphate  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride   of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,   sulphate  of  magnesia,   sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  oxide 
of   iron  ;    sulphohydric  acid,  and   carbonic   acid 

BCHISMA,  Fissure,  Rima. 
BCHISTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  cxiljr°s>  'cleft, 


separated,' and  KteyaXn},  'head.'   A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  head  aloft  or  fissured. —  (iurlt. 

SCHISTOCOR'MUS,  from  ex1"™*-  'cleft,  -  pa- 

rated,'   and    *-<,./'"•.".    •trunk.'      A    monster    I 
some  part  of  the  trunk  cleft  or  fissured.  —  (iurlt. 

SCHISTOM'ELUS,  from  oXtaToi>  ,«left>  sepa- 
rated,' and  ftc^oi,  'a  liuih.'  A  inon?ter  whose 
limbs  are  fissured. 

St  HISTORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis. 

SCHISTOSO'MUS,  from  ff^oros.  •  clett,'  and 
(Tw/ni.  'body.'  A  malformation  of  the  abdomen, 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  over 
the  entire  length  of  the  abdomen;  the  lower  ex- 
tremities being  absent,  or  very  little  developed, 
so  that  the  body  appears  as  if  truncated  infe- 
riorly.  —  Vogel. 

sell  1ZA,  Rima,  Rima  vulvas. 

SCHIZATRICH'IA,  Triehoa'ch  ieie,  Sch  bo- 
trich'ia,  from  a,\<£u;.  '  I  split,'  and  0pi£,  rpt^oj,  'a 
hair.'  The  Bplitting  of  the  hairs  at  their  extre- 
mities. —  J.  P.  Frank. 

BCHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sch  Ian  gen  bad  is  a  much-frequented  water- 
ing-place in  Germany.  The  waters  contain  a 
little  carbonic  acid,  and  carhonate  of  soda.  Tem- 
perature 86°  Fahrenheit. 

SCHNAPPS,  SCHIEDAM,  see  Gin. 

SCHNELDERLAN  MEMBRANE,  Fituitary 
membrane.        / 

SCHCENANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SCHOLA,  School. 

SCROLLER A  OXYC0CC0S,  Vaccinium  oxy- 
coccos. 

SCHOOL.  Sehola,  (F.)  ficole.  A  place  of  edu- 
cation. In  Europe  the  large  Medical  Schools  are 
usually  attached  to  the  universities.  In  England, 
however,  there  has  been  no  medical  school  of 
celebrity  at  either  of  the  universities  of  Oxford 
or  Cambridge;  owing  greatly  to  their  provincial 
situation.  Of  late,  two  schools  have  existed  in 
London,  attached  to  the  London  University  — 
University  College  and  King's  College.  Excel- 
lent private  schools  have,  however,  long  existed 
in  that  metropolis.  The  medical  schools  of  Eu- 
rope which  have  been  most  celebrated,  are  those 
of  Edinburgh,  Leyden,  Berlin.  Halle,  Tubingen, 
Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna,  Padua,  Pavia,  and 
Pisa.  In  the  United  States,  the  medical  schools 
are  numerous;  at  this  time  not  fewer,  perhaps, 
than  40.  Those  most  numerously  attended,  are 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  the  University  of  Nashville. 

SCHOOL  ]•:  Y'S  M  <  I U  XT  A IX,  M I XERAL 
WATERS  OF.  The  waters  of  this  New  Jersey 
Spring  are  a  carbonated  chalybeate.  According 
to  Or.  MeNevin,  they  contain  extractive,  chloride 
of  sodium,  chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, carbonate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  magnesia,  silex,  and  carhonate,  and 
oxide  of  iron. 

SCHORBUTUS,  Purpura. 

SCHOUSB^A   COCCIXEA,   Cacoucia  cocci- 

Ilea. 

BCHWALBACH  or  LANGBN-SCHWAL- 
BACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Schwalbach 
is  a  town  of  Germ  my,  seated  on  the  Aa,  '.VI  miles 
west  of  Frankfort.  The  waters  contain  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  iron, 
sulphate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid,  oxygen,  <fcc. 
Employed  as  a  tonic. 

SCHWANN,  WlllTK  SUBSTANCE  OF,  see 
Substance,  white,  of  Schwann. 

SCHWENDECK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
These  waters  are  about  .">  leagues  from  Munich, 
in  Bavaria.  They  contain  earbonio  acid  j  carbo- 
nate and  sulphate  of  lime,  ohloride  of  calcium; 
chloride  of  magnesium;  carhonate  of  soda,  and 


SCIATIC 


826 


SCIRRHUS 


oxide  of  iron,  and  are  much  used  for  cutaneous 
affections. 

SCIAT'IC,  Sciat'ieua,  Ischiat' ic,  Ischiat' tens,  h 
Sehiat'icus,  (P.)  Scintique,  from  ia%iov,  'the 
haunch.'  A  word  formed  by  contraction  from 
ischiatic,  which  latter  is  still  used.  See  Ischiatic. 
Sciatic  Nerve,  Great,  Nervu*  iachiad'icna, 
Great  fern' oro-poplite' al  (Ch.),  (F.)  Grand  nerf 
aciatique,  ought  to  be  esteemed  a  continuation  of 
the  sacral  plexus.  It  issues  from  the  pelvis  be- 
tween the  pyramidalis  and  superior  gemellus; 
descends  along  the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh  ; 
and  after  having  given  branches  to  the  gemini, 
quadratus,  obturator  externus,  gluta?us  maximus, 
seini-memhranosus,  semi-tendinosus,  biceps  and 
third  abductor  muscles,  it  divides,  about  the  in- 
ferior third  of  the  thigh,  into  two  branches  ;  the 
one,  named  the  external  popliteal  j  the  other,  the 
internal. 

Sciatic  Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior  gln'teal 
branch  of  the  sacral  plexus,  Leaser  fern' oro-popli- 
te'al  nerve  (Ch.),  (F.)  Kerf  petit  aciatique,  which 
seems  especially  formed  by  the  2d  and  3d  sacral, 
is  given  off  from  the  lower  part  of  the  plexus,  and 
escapes  from  the  pelvis  beneath  the  pyramidalis 
muscle.  It  gives  branches  —  nervi  cuta'nei  clu'- 
iiinm  inferio'res  —  to  the  glutaaus  maximus;  a 
sciatic  branch  or  infra-pelvic  cutaneous  or  peri- 
nea} cutaneous,  Pudenda'lis  longus  inferior,  which 
passes  under  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and 
furnishes  filaments  to  the  glutseus  maximus,  and 
to  the  muscles  of  the  perinaeum,  urethra,  penis, 
scrotum,  &c. ;  and  a  posterior  femoral  cutaneous 
branch  —  middle  posterior  cutaneous  nerve  —  the 
filaments  of  which  traverse  the  femoral  aponeu- 
rosis, to  be  distributed  on  the  skin  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  The  principal  branch  of 
the  lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  ham, 
into  two  or  three  filaments,  which  descend  under 
the  integuments  almost  as  far  as  the  inferior  part 
of  the  leg. 

Sciatic  Notch,  Great,  Sciatic  Fora'men,  In- 
cisu'ta  ischiad'ica  major,  (F.)  Grande  echancrure 
aciatique  ou  grand  trou  aciatique,  is  a  large  notch 
at  the  posterior  edge  of  each  os  innominatum, 
below  the  posterior  and  inferior  iliac  spine,  which 
is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  the  sacrum  and 
sacro-sciatic  ligaments.  The  lesser  sciatic  notch. 
Jncisu'ra  ischiad'ica  minor,  Luna  Aibi'ni,  (F.) 
Petite  echancrure  ischiatiqne,  is  much  smaller 
than  the  last,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
sciatic  spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of 
the  obturator  interims,  and  to  the  internal  pudic 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Sciatic  Region,  Ischiadic  region. 
Sciatic  Spine,  Spine  of  the  Ischium,  Spinous 
Proc"ess  of  the  Ischium,  is  a  short,  flat,  pyramidal 
eminence  on  the  os  innominatum,  above  the  pre- 
ceding foramen ;  which  gives  insertion  to  the 
lesser  sacro-sciatic  ligament. 

SCIATICA.  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea. 
SCIATIQUE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea,  Sci- 
atic. 

SCIE.  Saw. 

SCIENTIA  HERMETICA,  Alchymy— s.  Me- 
dendi.  Medicina  —  s.  Medica,  Medicina. 

SCIERO'PIA,  from  acupos,  'shady,' and  o>\l/, 
'the  eye.'  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which  all  ob- 
jects have  a  darker  hue  than  natural. 

SCILLA.  aiciWa,  from  <rxi£w,  'I  cleave,  I 
split'  [?].  Scilla  seu  Squilla  marifima,  Seylla, 
Aschil,  Schino8,  Oc'u/us  Typho'nis,  Ornithog' alum 
viarit'imnni  seu  sqni/'la,  Stella' ria  seu  Urgin'ea  | 
scilla,  Cepa  mari'na  scilla,  Squilla,  Squill  or  sea 
onion,  Eye  of  Typhon,  (F.)  Ognon  marin.  Ord.  ij 
Liliaeea?.  Sex.  St/st.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 
Native  of  Spain,  Austria,  «fcc.  The  bulb  or  root 
of  the  squill  has  a  bitter,  nauseous  taste,  and  is 
extremely    acrid;     inflaming     the     skin    when,, 


rubbed  on  it.  Its  acrimony,  on  which  its  virtues 
depend,  is  destroyed  by  heat,  drying,  and  keep- 
ing. It  is  extracted  by  vinegar,  spirit,  and 
water.  In  large  doses,  squill  is  emetic  and  pur- 
gative ;  in  small  doses,  diuretic  and  expectorant. 
Its  active  principle  has  been  called  eeillitine. 
Dose,  gr.  j  to  v  of  the  dried  root,  united  or  not 
with  mercury. 

Scilla  Esculen'ta,  Phalan'gium  escnlen'tnm, 
Eastern  Quamask,  Wild  Hy'acinth ;  indigenous; 
flowering  in  May.  An  article  of  diet  amongst 
the  Western  Indians.  It  is  made  into  bread  and 
poultices  for  inflamed  breasts. 

SCILLIT'IC,  Scillit'icus,  (F.)  Scillifiqne,  from 
scilla,  'squill.'      Containing  squill. 

SCILLOCEPH'ALUS,  Schinoeeph'alua,  from 
oKiWa,  'the  squill/  and  KecpaXn,  '  head.'  One  who 
has  a  large  bulbiform  head. 

SCINCUS,  GKtyicos  or  oKiyyos.  A  species  of 
Saurus  or  Lacer'ta,  common  in  Egypt,  and  much 
extolled  by  the  ancients  as  alexipharmic  and 
aphrodisiac. 

SCINTIL'LA  VEN'ERTS,  'a  spark,  a  relic  of 
Venus.'  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus,  to  the 
impotence  and  loss  of  power  in  the  limbs,  pro- 
duced by  svphilis. 

SCIXTILLEMEXT  BE  L'CETL,  Confusio. 

SCIOM'ACHY,  Skioma'chia,  Skiamachia:  from 
cKia,  '  a  shade,'  and  pa%)j,  'a  fight.'  A  gymnastic 
exercise  with  the  ancients,  which  consisted  in  a 
mock  encounter  at  boxing  and  jumping  with 
one's  own  shadow. 

SCIRHUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRPUS  PALUSTRIS,  Eleocharis  palustris. 

SCIRRIIE,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS,  see  Scleriasis. 

SCIRRHOCELE,  Orcheocele  scirrbosa. 

SCTRRHOGAS'TRIA,  Scirrhus  r-Htric'nli, 
(F.)  Squirrogastrie ;  from  scirrhus,  and  yuoTrjp, 
'stomach.'     Scirrhus  of  the  stomach. 

SCIR'RHOID,  Scirrhoi'des,  SHrrho'dea,  from 
okiooc,  'scirrhus,'  and  tidos,  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOMA.  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOPHTHAL'MIA,  ScleropTithol'mia, 
from  scirrhus,  and  o<p$a\p.os,  'the  eye.'  Cancer 
oc.'uli.     Cancer  of  the  eye. 

SciRRHOPHTHALMIA     PALPEBRARUM,    see     Scle- 

riasis. 

SCIRRHOSARCA  NEONATORUM,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCIRRIIOSIS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOUS,  Scirrho'sus,  (F.)  Squirrheux, 
from  scirrhus.     Of  or  belonging  to  scirrhus. 

Scirrhous  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernethy.  Em- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  seirrho'sum.  Hard,  rigid,  vas- 
cular infarction  of  glandular  follicles;  indolent, 
insentient,  glabrous:  sometimes  shrinking  and 
becoming  more  indurated.  Found  in  glaudulous 
structures. 

SCIRRHUS,  Scirhus,  Squirrhus,  Skinhts, 
Scirrho'ma,  Scirrho'sis,  Cancer  scirrho'sus,  Car- 
cino'ma  simplex  seu  fibro'sum,  Indnra'tio  m<<lig'- 
na,  Scleras,  Carcinom'atous  sarco'ma,  Hard  or 
Fibrous  cancer  ;  from  aKtpos,  'hard,'  'indurated;' 
(F.)  Squirrhe,  Squirre,  Schirre,  Skirre,  Cancer 
durou  squirrheux  ou  fbreux.  A  disease,  so  called 
from  the  hardness  that  characterizes  it.  It  is  a 
state  of  induration,  of  a  peculiar  kind,  affecting 
glandular  structures  generally,  but  capable  of 
occurring  in  other  textures.  It  usual!}-  precedes 
carcinoma,  of  which  it  ma}',  indeed,  be  considered 
as  the  first  stage.  Scirrhus  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  induration  which  succeeds  in- 
flammation, although  the  two  states  are  often 
complicated,  and  may  stand,  occasionally,  in  the 
relation  of  cause  and  effect  to  each  other.  Scir- 
rhus is  ordinarily  accompanied  by  violent  shoot- 
ing pains.     It  is   also  irregular  on  its  surface; 


SCISSIOX 


B27 


SCOLOrOMACII-ERION 


an<l  when  rut  into  lias  a  bluish  or  grayish  white 
colour.     When  the  surgeon  is  satisfied  of  the  ex- 
of  scirrhus,  he  bad  better  remove  it  at 
once.     No  other  treatment  seei  -much 

advant  ig  i. 

Galea  uses  the  term  Scirrho'ei*  for  a  livid  ex- 
y  inflammation. 

\  RCINOM  V  Ve»  i  ail  II  I.   B< 

irdiaca  et  pylorica —  s.  Hepatia,  lle- 
rrhus— s.  Intestinoruui,  Enteropatbia  can- 
—  <.  Palpebrarum,  Bee  Scleriasis—  - 

el .    Uteri,    Metroscirrhus — s. 

Ventriculi,  Gnstroscirrhus. 

ition. 
i  -II'MUTE,  see  Generation. 
5S0RS,  &  .  '  i  carver,'  from  sctW<  re, 

i,  'to  cut'  For/ex,  Forpex,  Paaiie,  Tomi*, 
A  well-known  instrument  in  com- 
mon use,  and  often  employed  in  surgery.  Scis- 
■ors  are  composed  of  two  cutting  blades,  crossing 
aaeh  other  and  moving  upon  an  axis.  They  are 
ttraigkt  <>r  curved.  Sometimes  the  curve  is  on 
the  flat  side,  when  they  are  called,  in  France. 
d    cuiller;    at    others,   on     their 

.  bent  so  that  the  blades  make  an 
angle  with    the    band    -  •  ranch 

They  are  called  in  France  Oieeaux 
used  for  dividing  soft,  loose 
led  parts,  which  it  would  he  difficult  to  reach  mid 
to  cut   with   the  bistoury.     They  are    employed, 
likewise,  in  the  operation   for  harelip,  and  fur  re- 
moving warts,  fungous  excrescence-. 

--11:  A.  Fissure  —  s.  Vulvas,  see  Rime*. 
-    [SSUR.fi,  Rbagades. 

E  DE  0  L\s  ER,  Fissure,  glenoid— 
tud  mfdiauc  du  Cervefcf,  Valley — e.deSan- 
Bantorini,  fissure  of. 
BEERLJEVO,  Seherlievo. 
WtF.A.  Salvia  sclarea. 
BCLEREMA,  [nduration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
8CLEREME,  [nduration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLEREMIA,  [nduration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLEREMUS,  [nduration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLERENCEPHA'LIA,    Tndnra'tio    cerebri, 
from  ax\iipoi,   *  hard,'   and  iyictpa\ov,  '  the  brain.' 
Endurcieeement  du  eerveau.     Induration  of 
the  brain. 
BCLERIA,  Scleriasis. 

3CLERI'  LSI  'ma,  Sdero'ei;  Sele'Ha, 

.  Seph'imt,  from  <r*Ai»p>c,  'hard.'  Any 

khi'l  ot  hardness  or  induration.    Sometimes  hard- 

•  the  eyelids,  Galln'eitae  sen  Scirrhophthal'- 

a   Scirrhtu   palpebra'rnm,  Scirrhoblepha- 

ron'cn»  :  at  others,  hardness  of  the  genital  organs 

of  the  f.-male;   probably   synonymous  with   scir- 

rhus.  —  Galen.       Paulus.      Hardness    of  bones, 

J     ■         tat  0*  -'11111. 

-    LERITI8,  Sclerotitis. 

.ERODERMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
• 

.ERODES,  Sclerotic. 
BCLERO-IRITIS.     Inflammation  of  the  scle- 

SCLEROMA,  Iin Juration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Bcler 

BCLBROMENINX,  Dura  mater. 

SCLERONYXIS,  Bderoticonyxis. 

BCLEROPHTHALMIA,  Hordeolum,  Scirroph- 
thalmia. 

LEROS,  Hard. 

3(  LEROS  kRCO'lf  \.  from  atX^os,  'hard,'  and 
caoKuini,  '  a  fleshy  tumour.'  A  hard,  fleshy  tu- 
mour, seated  on  the  gums,  and  resembling  a 
cock's  rnmb. 

XEROSIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 

SCLER08TENOSI8  CUTANEA,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 


VoUrtX'iea,    fp.m    c^rjoom.    'I 
harden.'     Cornea  o)  .   x  .   Tunica  dttr* 

sell  tilliiajin'eu  SOU  du'rior  ttcr 

seu  <illxi  sen  ean'didm  seu  inmomtina'ta  »c'u/i, 
Sdero'tie,  (F.)  SelSrotique.  A  hard,  resisting, 
opake  membrane,  of  ■  pearly  white  colour  and 

fibrOUS  nature,  which  covers    nearly  the  posterior 
four-tilths  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  and  has  the  form 
ofa  sphere  truncated  before.  It  is  strength* 
the  expansion  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye,  to  whi.  b 
expansion  many  anatomists  bavc  given  the  name 
Tii'uint  albugin'ea.      It  forms  the  white  of  the 
Album  oc'uli,  Lon'chadee,  Lot/'- 
•  -.    The  sclerotic  i.-  pene- 
trated   posteriorly  by  a  round   opening,  for  the 
of    the    optic   nerve;    and,   anteriorly,    it 
much  larger  opening,  into  whicb  the  trans- 
parent  cornea  is  received.     There   are,  besides, 
many  small  oblong  apertures  in  it  for  the  passage 
of  nerves  and  vessels,  proceeding  to  the  interior 
of  the  eye.      Its  inner  surface  is  of  a  light  brown 
colour,  owing  to  a  delicate  areolar  tissue  contain- 
ing brown  pigment  cells;   and  hence  called  M>m- 
bra'ua  seu   Lam'iua  fueea.      In   the   fostus,   the 
sclerotic  may  he  separated  into  two  x^ys  distinct 
laminae. 
SCLEROTIC  v  CEBATOIDES,  Cornea. 

BCLEROTICITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

BCLEROTICONYX']  S,  ScU  rowyx'ts,  Sch  roto- 
nyx'ix,  from  telerotiea,  and  rafts,  'puncturing.' 
Perforation  of  the  sclerotica  in  the  operation  lor 
cataract  by  depression. 

BCLEROTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLE'ROTIQUE,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROUS.  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTITIS,  Tnflantma'tio ScUrot'ic&.Leu- 
ci'tis,  Lonchadi'tit,  Logadi'tie,  Scleri'tie,  Sclero- 
citi'tie,  Rheumatic  ophthal'mia,  Ophthal'mia  ar- 
(firit'icf,  from  sclerotica,  and  itie,  denoting  in- 
flammation.  Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic  coat 
of  the  eve. 

SCLEROTIUM  CLAVUS,  see  Ergot. 

SCLERUNTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCI. Kill's.  Induration,  Scirrhus. 

SCLERYNTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLERYS'MA,  from  oAr/po?.  'hard.'  Indura- 
tion:  also,  induration  of  the  liver. 

BCLERYSMUS,  Scleriasis. 

BCLIRUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCLOPETA'RIUS,  from  telopetum,  'a  gun.' 
Relating  to  a  gun.  Hence,  Aqua  aclopeta'ria,  a 
water  for  gunshot  wounds.  Vul'uera  telopeta'ria, 
gunshot  wounds,  Ac. 

SCLOPETOPLAG.S,  Wounds,  gunshot 

SCOBS,  Priftma,  Xyema,  Rameu'tum,  ltnuu'm. 
A  .-having;  also,  an  alkali;  a'nd  the  scoria  of  any 
metal. 

SC02NANTHUM,  Jnncns  odoratus. 

SCOLECESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

BCOLECIASIS,  Eelminthiaeis. 

SCOLEX,  Ascaris  lumbriooides. 

SCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 

SCOLIO'SIS,  Scolio'ma,  Sholio'eit,  Rlnrhio. 
tcolio'ma,  from  oxoAioj,  'crooked.'  A  distortion 
of  tin'  spini  to  on.-  side.     Bee  Hump. 

SCOLOPENDRA,  Asplenium  seolopendrium. 

BCOLOPENDRIA,  Asplenium   oeteraob,  and 

A.  seolopendrium. 

SCOLOPENDRIUM     LINGUA,      kspleniam 

seolopendrium — s.  Offioinarum,  Asplenium  seo- 
lopendrium—  s.  Phyllitis,  Asplenium  seolopen- 
drium— s.  Ruta  muraria,  Asplenium  rata  muraria 
—  -.  Vulgare,  Asplenium  seolopendrium. 

BCOLOPOM  \('  ELfi'RION,  from  cKoU-a^  'the 

called   be- 


WOodcoek,'  and  pagcupo,  'a  knife 

can-.'    it    is    bent  a   little  at   the   extremity  like  a 

woodcock's  hill.    A  sort  of  hlunt-pointed  histoury. 

,i  —  Scultctus. 


SCOLYMUS   SATIVUS 


28 


SCROPHULJE 


SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS,  Cynara  scolynius. 

SCOOP,  Teut.  Sehoepe,  Cochlea're,  (F.) 
Curette.  A  surgical  instrument  of  the  shape  of 
a  spoon,  which  is  used  for  the  extraction  of  cer- 
tain foreign  bodies.  The  scoop  is  often  employed 
t<i  extract  halls  impacted  in  the  soft  parts;  to  re- 
move calculi  from  the  urinary  bladder  in  lithoto- 
my, Ac.  A  small  scoop  is  sometimes  used  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  nasal  fossa?.  &c. 

SCOP.  He-.d.  Scalp. 

SCOPA  REGIA,  Ruscus. 

SCOPARIUS,  see  Spartium  scopariura. 

SCOPE,  (TKomj,  Scopy,  Scop' in,  Scopes,  from 
cr«-07r£w,  '  I  look  around.'  A  common  suffix  to 
words  meaning  'view,  inspection,'  as  cr&moscopy, 
stethoscope,  &c. 

SCOPOLINA  ATROPOIDES,  Hyoscyamus 
scopolia. 

SCOPTULA.  Scopula. 

SCOPULA,  Brush. 

SCOR,  Excrement. 

SCORACRATI'A,  Scoracra'sia,  Scatacra'sia, 
Scatacrati'a,  Copracrati'a,  Copracra'sia,  Inconti- 
nentia Alvi,  from  o-Kw/),  '  excrement,' and  a<paria, 
'want  of  control.'  Want  of  power  to  retain  the 
faeces.     Involuntary  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

SCOR  BUT,  Porphyra  nautica,  Purpura  hae- 
morrhagica — s.  den  Alpes,  Pellagra  —  s.  de  Terre, 
Purpura  hasmorrhagica. 

SCORBU'TIC,  Scorbu'ticus,  (F.)  Seorbutique, 
From  scorbutus,  'scurvy.'  That  which  belongs  to 
scurvv.     One  affected  with  scurvy. 

SCORBUTUS,  Purpura— s.  Alpinus.  Pellagra 
— s.  Nauticus,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Oris,  Cancer 
aquations. 

SCORDINEMA,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDINISMUS,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDIUM,  Teucrium  scordium. 

SCOR  DON.  Allium. 

SCORDOSMINE,  Oxyd,  cystic. 

SCORITH.  Sulphur. 

SCORIUM.  Scrotum. 

SCORODOX.  Allium. 

SCORPIODEX'IS,  from  aKopmos,  'the  scor- 
pion,'and  fofrj,  'bite:'  —  more  properly,  Scorpi- 
ostig-'ma;  from  aicopKios,  and  crty/ia,  '  puncture.' 
The  sting  of  the  scorpion. 

SCOR'PIOX,  Scor'pio,  Scorpius,  from  aKop-iota, 
'  I  enrage.'  A  genus  of  insects  having  a  sting 
at  the  extremity  of  their  tail,  with  which  they 
make  dangerous  wounds.  An  Oil  of  Scorpion 
was  once  made  from  them,  which  is  not  now  used. 

SCORPIOSTIGMA,  Scorpiodexis. 

SCORPIUS,  Scorpion. 

SCORTUM.  Scrotum. 

SCORZOXE'RA,  S.  hu'milis  seu  lana'ta  seu 
uervo'sa,  Escorzone'ra,  from  scurzo,  old  Spanish 
for  a  viper,  Vipera'ria,  Serpenta'ria  Hispan'ica, 
Offic"inal  viper's  grass,  Viper's  grass,  Goat's 
grass.  Family,  Ciohoraceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Synge- 
nesia  Polygamia.  The  roots  have  been  used  as 
alexipharmics,  and  in  hypochondriacal  disorders 
and  obstructions  of  the  viscera.  The  root  of  the 
Scorzonera  Hispan'ica  is  esculent,  but  ineffica- 
cious as  a  drug. 

SCOTAS'MA,  Scoto'ma,  Scoto'dia,  Scoto'sis, 
S'-otos ;  from  gkotos,  'darkness.'  Obscurity  of 
vision,  darkness,  Stiff u' si o  ra'dians.  Also  Sco- 
todinia. 

SCOTCH  FIDDLE.  Psora. 

SCOTODIA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTODIX'IA,  Scoto'ma,  Dinus  Scoto'ma,  Sco- 
todi'ne,    Tenebrico'sa  verti'go,   Scotos,   Scotas'ma, 
Scoto'sis,   Scot'orny.  from  okotos,  'darkness,'  and  j 
Siveu),  '  I  turn  round.'     Giddiness,  with  impaired 
sight,  often  succeeded  by  headach.     See  Vertigo. 

SCOTOMA,  Scotasma.  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOMY,  Scotodinia. 


SCOTOS,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOS  IS,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTT'S  ACID  BATH,  Nitro-mnriatic  acid 
bath.  A  bath  of  dilute  aqua  regia,  employed  by 
Dr.  Scott,  of  India,  as  a  remedy  in  hepatic  dis- 
eases. Three  pints  by  measure  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  two  of  nitric  acid,  are  mixed  to  form  the 
aqua  regia.  In  preparing  this  for  use,  a  pint  of 
it  is  mixed  with  on  equal  quantity  of  water. 
The  acid  bath  consists  of  three  ounces  of  this 
dilute  acid  to  every  gallon  of  water. 

SCOUR,  Diarrhoea. 

SCOURIXG,  Diarrhoea. 

SCRAT,  Hermaphrodite,  Psora. 

SCRATCH.  Psora. 

SCREATUS,  Excreation. 

SCRIPLUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPTIUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPTULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUS,  Scruple. 

SCRIVENER'S  CRAMP,  Cramp,  writers'. 

SCROBIC'ULUS,  Scrobic' ulum,  (F.)  Fossetfe. 
A  little  ditch  or  furrow;  diminutive  of  scrobs, 
'a  ditch.' 

Scrobic' itlus  Cordis,  Anticar'dium,  Procar'- 
dium,  (F.)  Fossette  du  cceur,  Avant-coeur,  Anti- 
cceur.  The  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  depression 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen,  below  the 
xiphoid  cartilage. 

Scrobiculus  Variolic,  Pockmark. 

SCROFFiE,  Scrofula. 

SCROF'ULA,  Scrojjh'ula,  Scroph' uIcb;  from 
scrofa,  'a  sow  ;'  as  Choeras  is  from  ^otpoj.  'a  hog.' 
because  swine  were  presumed  to  be  subject  to  a 
similar  complaint.  Scrophulo'sis,  Morbus  scroph  it- 
lo'sus,  Vit"ium  scroph  ulo' sum,  Cacocltym' ia  seu 
Cachex'ia  seu  Dyscra'sia  scrophuh/sa,  Pceda 
troph'ia  glandulo'sa,  Struma,  Chopras,  Cuiras, 
Tabes  Glandularis,  Adeno'sis  scrofulo'sa,  Scroffce, 
King's  evil,  The  Evil,  Quince,  Cruels  (Scottice), 
(F.)  Scrophtde8,  Scrofules,  Strumes,  Ecrouel/es, 
Humeurs  froides,  Tubercnles  des  gland es  lympha- 
tiques,  Mai  du  Hoi.  A  state  of  the  system  cha- 
racterized by  indolent,  glandular  tumours,  chiefly 
in  the  neck;  suppurating  slowly  and  imperfectly, 
and  healing  with  difficulty  ;  the  disease  ordinarily 
occurring  in  those  of  a  sanguine  temperament, 
with  thick  upper  lip,  &o.  The  tumours,  after 
suppuration,  degenerate  into  ulcers;  which,  in 
process  of  time,  cicatrize,  leaving  scars.  The 
internal  organs  are  apt  to  be  attacked  in  those 
disposed  to  scrofula;  hence  they  are  often  the 
subjects  of  phthisis  and  mesenteric  affections. 
Scrofula  is  hereditary;  and  is  frequently  excited 
by  insufficient  or  improper  regimen,  and  by  a 
close,  confined  air  during  the  first  years  of  exist- 
ence. The  best  treatment  is  : — to  strengthen  the 
system  by  animal  diet;  pure  air,  and  exercise, 
cold  bathing,  or  sea-water  bathing,  «fec. 

Scrofula  Abdominalis  Interna,  Physconia 
strumosa. 

SCROFULAIRE,  Scroph ularia  nodosa  —  s. 
Aquatique,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

SCROFULARIA,  Scrophularia. 

SCROFULES,  Scrofula. 

SCROFULEUX,  Scrofulous. 

SCROF'ULOUS,  Scrophnlo'sus,  Scroph ul a' r ins, 
Strumous,  Strumo'sus,  (F.)  Scrofuleux,  Strumeux. 
Suffering  from,  or  relating  to,  scrofula. 

SCROOBY-GRASS,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 

SCR  OOF,  Scarf. 

SCROG-LEGGED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.  Mesenterica,  Tabes 
mesenterica  —  s.  Moluccana,  Framboesia. 

SCROPHUL/E,  Scrofula— s.  Gonorrhoeae,  Go- 
norrhoea impura. 


SCROPIIULARIA 


820 


SEBACEOUS 


BCROPHULA'RIA,  from  were/nla,  Sj 

which  it  has  been  employ  loea. 

■iiit.a'imv   Aquat'ica,   Betou'iaa   aquat'- 
i'-a.    Fica'ria,    Ferra'ria,    Oaetrau'gula,    6 

Figwort,    Water   Bet'onu,  (P.J  Sero/ulaire 
aquatique.     Ord.  Scrophulariaoese.     The   leaves 

correctors  of  the  bad  fl 
of  .-iMiiia.     They  were  at  one  time  regarded  m 
emiiu'iitly  antiscrofulous,  Btomachio,  and  carmi- 
native. 

hi  i.vuiA  Fo-.tida,  Scrophularia  i 

—  ...  Lanc<      i' i.  S.  Nodosa  — s.  Marilandiea,  B. 

.Minor,  Ranunculus  lb-aria. 

nri.  \'i:i  \  Nodos  \.  S.  /  vulga'- 

ris  seu  lanceola'ta  seu  Marilan'diea,  Millemor'- 

ophula'ria,  Figwort,  Kennelwori,  Holmee- 

|       -        '■!■.//■    '•■■  an  r  6erou- 

rOee.     The  root  and  Leaves  of  this  plant  hare 

•  lebrated,  both  as  an  internal  and  ext 
:  inst  inflammations,  piles,  sorofulons 

tumours,  u 

phdi  ^ria  Vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa.  I 
'I'll  I  LARIUS,  Scrofulous. 
OPHl  LES,  Scrofula— «.  Meeentiriquei, 
mesenteries* 
SCROPHULOSIS,  Scrofula. 
ROPHULOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
LOTAL,  Scrota' lit ;  from  scrotum.  Relating 
to    the    scrotum, — as  Hernia   scrotal;*,  scrotal 
. 

■  i  w.  Nerye,  see  Genito-crural  Xerve. 
LOTOCE'LE,    Oscheocele,    Osehoeele.     A 
hybrid  term  ;  from  (L.)  scrotum,  and  k>i\>7,  'a  tu- 
mour.'    Hernia   Scrota' lie,  Scrotal  her'nia.     In- 
guinal hernia,  descending  into  the  scrotum. 

B<   ROTUM,  from  ni-nrti  iis,  Kcortatm,  '  made  of 
leather'  [?].     Sco'rium,   Oeche,  Oe'cheue,  Oe'chue, 
■  n,  Och'eue,  /'<  rin,  Scortum,  Mareu'- 
Bur'aula,  Bursa  tes'tium  Beu  viri'lie,  Oap'- 
vlus  [?].  Orchas,  Follic'ulua  genita'lie,  Her'nia,  the 
Cod,  (F.)  Les   bourne*.     The   integu- 
These  are  nothing 
more  than  a  prolongation  of  the  skin  of  the  inner 
f  the  thighs,  perinsenm,  and  penis.     The 
skin  is  remarkable  for  its  brown  colour,  for  the 
numerous   r  dly  when   the  scrotum   is 

contracted;  for  the  great  number  of  sebaceous 
follicles  it  contains;  and  for  the  long  and  few 
hair-  which  issue  from  it  in  the  adult.  The  scro- 
tum is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a  raphe, 
which  extends  from  the  anus  to  the  root  of  the 
]>enis.  It<  organisation  is  Bimilar  to  that  of  the 
skin  of  other  parts  of  the  body,  except  that  the 
chorion  is  thinner. 

-,  Pericardium  —  s.  Pendulum, 
Rbacl 

SCRUBIE,  Purpura  nautica. 

tUBIE-GRASS,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 
I  PLE,    Diob'olon,    Gramma' rium,    Scru'- 


)■'■' 


■a  fin 


fa, 


Scrip' tuliu,     Scrip' tulum, 


Hum,  Scrip' ulum,  Scriphtm,  Scrip' ulue,     A 

of    twenty     grains,    Troy;     twenty-four 
.  Poids  de  marc. 
DAMORE'S    MIXTURE,    see    Mixture, 

Scudam 

!.!..  Cranium  —  s.  Cap,  Cdvaria. 

RF,  Sax.  rcupp.  Teut.  Schorft;  (Ptot.) 

.  Fur'/ura.      Small   exfoliations  of  the  cu- 
tiele  are  10  called. 

BCUR  FY,  Furfuraceous. 

liVV  of  THE  ALPS,  Pellagra— s.  Land, 

Purpura   hsBmorrhagioa  —  B.    Petechial,    Purpura 
-.  Sea,  Porphyra  nautiea. 
8<  I  RVK    GRASS,    Sisyrinchium   Bennndis- 
num  —  -.  Grass,  common,  Coohlearia  officinalis — 

1   icblearia  officinalis  —  s. 
wild.  Cochlearia  coronopas. 
S(  i   .  ip. 


rELLARIA  CAROLIXIAXA,  S.  integri- 
folia. 

.  U  \'\:\\  Oalericula'ta,  from  seutelht, 
"a  cup,'  in  allusion  to  the  form  of  the  calyx. 
Cast'ida  qedwrieula'ta,  Tertiana'ria,  Skull-eap, 
(P.)  Caeeide  bleue,  Toque,     Ord.  Labiatsa. 

■  lynamia  Angiospermia.     ibis  plant  has 

a   hitter   ta.-te   and   a   garlic   smell.      It    has    Keen 

esteemed  especially  serviceable  in  tertian  ague, 
Scutellaria  Btesopivolia,  S.  integrifolia. 

i  i  \i;ia    Ivn:i;i;irn'i.iA,    8.    hu—opifo'lia 
'iniit'iHt, — another  indigenous  variety, — 
is  an  intense  litter. 

Bcuti .ii  \'i:i\  l.vni'iiin'KA,  Skull-eap,  Mad- 
dog  tkullcap,  kfadtoeed,  Hoodwort,  Blue  Pimp'* 
eriirl.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  in  moist  places.  It 
was  at  one  time  esteemed  a  preventive  of  hydro- 
phobia, hut  is  probably  possessed  of  little  virtue 
of  any  kind.  By  some,  however,  it  is  regarded 
BS  a  good  nervine. 

S<  I  TICULA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes  of  the  Bng< 

,  TKR,  Diarrhoea. 

HL.K  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCUTUM,  Thyroid  cartilage  — s.  Cordis,  Sca- 
pnla,  Sternum  —  s.  Genu,  Patella  —  s.  Pectoris, 
Sternum,  Thorax. 

Scutum  Stomach'icum.  A  large  plaster,  ap- 
plied to  the  breast  or  stomach. 

Scutum  Thoracis,  Scapula. 

SCYB'ALA,  plural  of  cKvfiaXov,  'dung.'  Ente- 
rol'ithue  Seyb'alum,  Excrementa  AM  eiccio'ra, 
Faces  indura'ta.  Hard  fecal  matters  discharged 
in  round  lumps. 

SCYLLA,  Scilla. 

BCYPHOPHORUS  PYXIDATUS,  Lichen 
pvxidatus. 

SCYPHUS  AUDITORIES.  Infundibulum  of 
the  cochlea  —  s.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  tho 
brain — s.  Vieussenii,  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea 

SCYROS,  Callosity. 

Si  5TTALIDES  DIGITORUM  MAM'S.  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCYTHICA,  (RADIX,)  Glyeyrrbiza. 

SCYTHROPA6MUS,  from  m0poS,  'gloomy;' 
<TKvOpti)-u£uv,  '  to  look  gloomy;'  Vu/tus  tet'ricus  <t 
moestus.  A  gloomy^  depressed  oonntenance,  of 
bad  augury  in  serious  die 

SCYTITIS,  Cytitis. 

SCYTODEPSIUM,  Tannin. 

SEA  AIR.  The  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
contains  saline  particles  commingled  with 
it.  which  render  it  a  valuable  change  for  scrofu- 
lous and  debilitated  individuals.  The  sea  and 
Bea-coasl  are  usually,  also,  more  equable  in  their 
temperature  than  places  inland. 

SKA   SICKNESS,  Nausea  marina. 

SEA-WARE,  see  Pila  marina  —  S.  Water,  seo 
Water,  sea. 

SEAL.  GOLDEN,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  s. 
Solomon's,   Conrallaria  polygon atura  —  a.   Solo- 
mon's, great,  Convallaria  canaliculate  —  b. 
mon's,  smaller,  Convallaria  pubescens. 

SEAM,  Cicatrix. 

SEARCHER,  Body  searcher. 

SEARCHING,  Sounding;  from  (P.)  chereher, 
'to  seek.'  The  operation  of  ascertaining,  by  tbe 
introduction"of  a  metallic  instrument,  whether 
there  IB  a  stone  in  the  bladder. 

SEASONING,  Acolimation — s.  Fever,  Fever, 
stranger's. 

SEAT,  Anus  —  s.  Bone,  Eschion. 

SH I :.\  <■/';,  Sebaa 

SEBA'GEOUS,  Seba'ceus,  (F.)  SibacS;  from 
fit, urn,  'suet.'  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
suet. 


SEBASTOMAXIA 


830 


SEDIMENT 


Sebaceous  Flux,  Stearrhoea. 

Sebaceous,     Sebip'auous     or     Sbbi^'brouh 

G LANDS,  Sebaceous  Fol'licles  or  Crypts,  Follic'uli 
eeba'cei,  Crypto?  seba'cecp,  Oil  or  Mil' 'iary  glands, 
are  small  hollow  organs,  of  a  rounded  or  pyriforin 
shape,  seated  in  the  substance  of  the  skin,  and 
opening  on  its  surface  by  a  small,  excretory  duct; 
furnishing  a  yellow,  unctuous  humour,  Smegma 
cnta'neum,  Sebum  cuta'neum,  having  some  analogy  I 
with  suet,  which  is  destined  to  lubricate  the  sur- 
face of  the  body.  Follicles  of  a  similar  nature 
exist  around  the  corona  glandis  of  the  male,  and 
under  the  skin  of  the  labia  majora  and  nymph  re 
of  the  female.  They  secrete  a  sebaceous  matter, 
which  emits  a  peculiar  odour;  and  hence,  after 
the  name  of  those  who  described  them,  have  been 
called  Gland' ales  odorifera?  Tyso'nt,  G.  Tyso'ni, 
Glandules  Littria'na?  seu  Littrii,  Tyson's  glands, 
(F.)  Glandes  de  Littre ;  and,  also,  Glandules  odo- 
r  if  era?  seu  sebaceae  glandis,  G.  cor'ona?  penis, 
Follie'uli  seba'cei  corona?  glandis,  Glandula?  odo- 
r  if  era?  pra?pu'tii. 

SEBASTOMA'NIA,  from  eepacros,  'worship- 
ped,' and  mania.  Religious  insanity,  Demono- 
mania. 

SEBESTE'NA,  Cordia  myxa  seu  sebeste'na  seu 
Africa'na  seu  domes' tiea  seu  obli'qua,  Sebeste'na 
ojficina'lis,  Seb'esten,  Sebsten,  Myxa,  Cornus  san- 
guin'ea,  Prunus  sebesti'na,  Smooth-leaved  Cor' - 
dia,  Assyr'ian  plum,  (F.)  Stbestier  'myxa.  Ord. 
Cordiaceee.  The  dark,  black  fruit  of  the  Sebes- 
tina  possesses  glutinous  and  aperient  qualities, 
and  is  exhibited,  in  decoction,  in  various  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

SEBESTIER  MYXA,  Sebestena. 

SEBIFEROU3,  see  Sebaceous. 

SEBIPAROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 

SEBORRHAGIA,  Stearrhoea. 

SEBORRIKEA,  Stearrhoea. 

SEBSTEN,  Sebestina. 

SEBUM,  Pinguedo,  Sevum — s.  Cutaneum,  see 
Sebaceous  glands  —  s.  Palpebrale,  Chassie  —  s. 
Pneputiale,  Smegma  prreputii. 

SECA'LE,  S.  cerea'le  seu  barba'tum.  The  Rye 
plant.  (F.)  Seigle.  Ord.  Graminere.  Rye  is 
chiefly  used  as  an  article  of  diet,  particularly  in 
the  northern  parts  of  Europe,  where  a  spirit  is 
also  extracted  from  it.  The  grain  is  disposed  to 
acescency  :  and  hence  its  internal  use  at  first 
generally  produces  a  laxative  effect. 

Secalb  BARBATor,  Secale —  s.  Cornutum,  Er- 
got— s.  Luxurians,  Ergot — s.  Maternum  turgidum 
seu  temulentum,  Ergot. 

SECALIS  MATER,  Ergot. 

SECATEUR  DES  AMYGDALES,  Amygda- 
latome. 

SECERNENT,  Secreting. 

SECERNING,  Secreting— s.  Substance  of  the 
kidney,  see  Kidney. 

SECESSIO  F,ECUM,  Defecation. 

SECESSUS  NIGER,  Melaena. 

SECHE,  Sepia. 

SECLUSORIUM,  Sac. 

SECONDARY,  from  secundus,  'the  second.' 
Something  that  acts  subordinately  to  another; 
as  the  secondary  symptoms  of  a  disease;  that  is, 
those  which  supervene  on  the  primary.  A  se- 
condary amputation  is  one  performed  after  the 
constitutional  effects  of  an  injury  kave  mainly 
passed  away.  See  Fever,  secondary ;  and  Hee- 
morrhagia.  for  Secondary  Hemorrhage. 

SECOXDFXES.  Secundines. 

SECRETA.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion.  Things 
or  matters  secreted  or  separated  from  the  blood. 

SECRE'TINGr,  Secreto'rius,  Secer'ning,  Se'- 
cern'ent,  Excer'nent,  (F.)  Secreteur,  Secretoire. 
Fame  etymon  as  Secretion.  That  which  secretes, 
—  as  a  secreting  organ. 


SECRETIO,  Secretion— s.  Lactis,  Galactosis— 
s.  Lotii,  Uropoesis  —  s.  Fringe,  Uropoesis  —  s.  Vi- 
caria,  see  Vicarious. 

SECRE'TION,  Secre'tio,  Apoc'Hsis;  from  ee- 
cernere,  secretion,  'to  separate.'  An  organic  func- 
tion, which  is  chiefly  executed  in  the  glands,  and 
consists  in  an  elaboration  or  separation  of  the 
materials  of  the  blood,  at  the  very  extremities  of 
the  arterial  system,  or  rather  of  the  vascular  se- 
cretory system;  and  which  differs  in  each  organ 
according  to  its  particular  structure;  hence  the 
formation  of  different  fluids; — bile,  saliva,  urine, 
milk,  <fec.  The  secretions  are  of  three  kinds:  — 
e.rhalant,  follicular,  and  glandular.  Simple  se- 
cretions are  those  which  exist  ready-formed  in 
the  blood,  and  pass  out  of  the  vessels  by  an  act 
of  exosmose,  whilst  the  more  complicated  are 
formed  from  the  liquor  sanguinis  by  cell-agency. 
The  latter,  alone,  are,  by  some,  called  Secretions. 
SECRETOIRE,  Secreting. 
SECRETORIUS,  Secreting. 
SECT,  METHODICAL,  Methodists. 
SEC'TIO,  Section.  The  act  of  cutting.  A  di- 
vision. 

Sectio  Alta,  see  Lithotomy — s.  Anatomica, 
Dissection  —  s.  Cadaveris,  Autopsia  cadaverica — 
s.  Cadaveris  legalis,  Autopsia  cadaverica — s.  Cae- 
sarea,  Cresarean  section  —  s.  Franconiana,  see 
Lithotomy  —  s.  Hypogastrica,  see  Lithotomy  —  s. 
Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  s.  Legalis,  Autopsia 
cadaverica  legalis — s.  Mariana,  see  Lithotomy — 
s.  Nympharum,  Nymphotomy  —  s.  Perinrealis, 
Perineal  section — s.  Rectovesicalis,  see  Lithotomy 
—  s.  Renalis,  Nephrotomy  —  s.  Tendinum,  Teno- 
tomy—  s.  Yagino-vesicalis,  Colpocystotomia  —  s. 
Vesicalis,  Lithotomy. 

SECTION,  Sectio  — s.  Sigaultian,  Symphyse- 
otomy. 

SECUND^:,  Secundines. 
SECUNDINiE,  Secundines. 
SECUNDINES.  Hys'tera,  Deutcr'ion,  Metros, 
Secun'da?,  Secundi'na?,  After-birth,  (F.)  Arriere- 
faix,  Secnndines,  Delirre,  from  secundare.  (secun- 
dus, 'second.')  '  to  follow.'  All  that  remains  in 
the  uterus  after  the  birth  of  the  child, — viz..  the 
placenta,  a  portion  of  the  umbilical  cord,  and  the 
membranes  of  the  ovum.  These  are  commonly 
not  expelled  till  some  time  after  the  birth  of  the 
foetus  ;  hence  their  name.     See  Delivrance. 

SECUNDUS  PROPRIORUM  AURICULiE, 
Retrahens  auris. 

SEDANTIA,  Sedatives. 

SED'ATIVES,  Sedati'va,  Pauon'ta,  Sedan'tia, 
Adec'ta,  Catastal'tica,  Deprimen'tia,  (F. )  Seda- 
tifs,  Calmants,  Temperants,  from  sedare,  sedation, 
'to  settle  or  assuage.'  Medicines  which  directly 
depress  the  vital  forces,  and  which  are  conse- 
quently employed  whenever  it  is  necessary  to 
diminish  preternaturally  increased  action.  The 
chief  reputed  sedatives  are  :  Acidum  Hydrocya- 
nicum,  Acidum  Hydro-sulphuricum,  Tabacum, 
Missio  Sanguinis,  and  certain  gases  by  inhalation, 
as  azote,  carbonic  acid  [?],  carburetted  and  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen. 

SEDEM  ATTOLLENS.  Levator  ani. 
SEDES,  Anus,  Excrement  —  s.  Cruentae,  Dy- 
sentery, Haematochezia — s.  Lactescentes,  Ceeliac 
flux — s.  Procidua,  Proctocele. 
SEDHEE,  Bangue. 

SEDTMENT,  Sedimen'tum,  Lemma,  Residcn'- 
tia.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Depot.  A  deposit  formed 
by  the  precipitation  of  some  one  or  more  of  the 
substances  held  in  solution  or  suspension  by  a 
liquid.  That  which  is  formed  in  urine,  at  the 
time  of  cooling,  has  been  called  Hypos'tasiv.  11  y- 
poste'ma,  Residen'tia,  Subsiden'tia,  (F.)  Depot  de 
V urine.  This  sediment  or  deposit  varies  in  dif- 
ferent states  of  the  system.     In  calculous  afl'ec- 


SEDIMENTUM 


SELTZ 


ii  is  one  of  the  most  important  obj 
attention. 

SEDIMENTUM,  Sediment  — s.  Urinae  lateri- 
ciinn.  see  Lateritioas —  b.  Urina  pitjruld 
Furfuraceous. 

DITIA,  Nal   -. 
LITZ,  MINERAL  WATERS   OP, 
lltz   water.     Springs   in   Bohemia,  near   Prague, 
which  are  simple  salines.      They  eon  tain  sulphate 
and  carbonate  of  magnesia,  chiefly  chloride  of 
magnesium,  sulphates  ofpotassa,  soda,  and  lime, 
ic  acid  and  carbonate  <>f  lime.     They  are 
employed  a>  purgatives  in  a  multitude  of  du 
Artificial  Sbdlits  Powdbrs,  in  m>  r 
however,  resembling  the  natural  ingredients,  are 
formed  <>(  Soda  •  '  I  "•>  JJij,  & 

iper;  Acid  tartaric  gc.  XXXV, 
in  soother.     For  half  a  pint  of  water. 

S&DON     BRULANT,     Sedum  —  8.     lieprise, 
Bedum  telephium. 

SEDUM,  S.   acre  sen  glacia'li  sen  minus  seu 
Wtrmicnlu'ri,  from  ••     •    .  '  1    -it,'  owing  to   it.-   at- 
tachment to  rocks   and  walls.     Ttlee"ebra,    II' l- 
i,   fllec"ebrum,   Vermieula'ri,   VeYmicttla'- 
ils.  Piper  mura'le,  Sempervi'vnm  aeri,  Aet'ehry* 
t'tn'on.    Wall  peppt  ',  Jack  of  the  But'tery, 
i"s  bread,    Stom    crop,   Biting  Stone 
V.)  Jonbarbe  Acre,  Orpin 
br&lant,    Vermiculaire   brulante,    SSdon    br&lant. 
<>/*t.     Decandria  Penta- 
gynia.      In   its   recent   state  it   is  very  aorid,  ami 
both  emetic  ami  cathartic.     Externally, 
in  the  form  of  eata plasm,  it   produces  vesications 
and  erosions.     It  has  been  recommended  in  can- 
cerous and  malignant  ul 

Skim  m.  Saxifrage  grannlata  —  s.  Glaciale,  Se- 
duui  —  s.  Majlis,  Sempervivum  teotoram  —  s.  Mi- 
ni m. 
SBDUM  Tki  i.'i'iitiM.  S.  telepkeHdee,  Faba  erassa, 
.  Major,  IUee"ebra  major,  TeWphium, 
Faba'ria  cratteula,  Faba  cratsa,  Anaeamp'eeroe, 
A.  albican*  seu  triphyWa  sen  mlaa'rie,  Orpine, 

>>r<t,td  orpin.  Fere  Spaieee,     palustre  —  b.  Marsh,   Peucedanum  palnstre 
Jonbarbe   </<*   tignee,  Ac,     Formerly  ased  as   a     Opoponax,  Pastinaea  opoponax — s.  Oreoselinum, 
cataplasm  in   cuts,  hemorrhoids,  corns,  whitlows,      Athamanta  aureoselinum — s.  Ostruthium,   Impe- 


E,  6        b  — •.  Coruu,   Erg  I       i    Cnr- 
rompu,  Ergot  —  *.  d  Eperon,  l'rir't  - 

Ergot — *.  Faux,  Ergot. 

SEIN,  D  terns,  see  Mamma. 

BEIRIASIS,  Conp  dt  Soleil. 

SEIZURES.  HIDDEN,  see  Bidden  seizures. 

SEKISE  \\  AVODE  \.  tee  Spirit. 

SI'.  I.,  Salt — ••  AdmirabU  <t-  I 
sulphas — *.  Admiral  Soda,  phosphate  of 

— x.  Ammoniac,  Ammonia  anurias  — ».  ArmSniae, 
Ammonia  muriaa — «.  Arsenical  <i>  tfneqmer,   \ 
seniatfl  of  protoxide  of  potassium  —  *.  <l>  Cnieine, 
muriate  of-  .  Nareotine — «. 

d*Egra,  Magnesia  sulphas — »,  ih  Lait,  Sugar  of 
Milk  —  «.  Marin,  Soda,  muriate  of — e.  eTOpinnt, 
Narootine —  -  i  das  —  *.  de 

Satume,   Plumbi  superaeetaB  —  *.  <•■ 
Yitrum  —  «.   Volatil  d'Angleterre,  Ammonia  car- 
bonaa. 

SELAGO,  Camphoroema  Monspeliaea, 
podium  pel    i 

SELENE,  Moon,  see  Nail. 

SELEN  IAS  is.  Somnambulism. 

SELENIASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

SELENOBLETUS,  Lunatic. 

6ELEN0G  \MI A,  Somnambulism. 

BELERY,  Apium  graveolens. 

BELF- ABUSE  Masturbation. 

~      LF-HEAL,  Prunella. 

SELF-LIM'ITED.  An  epithet  applied  to  dis- 
eases whieh  appear  to  run  a  definite  course,  bnt 
little  modified  by  treatment,  —  small-pox,  for 
example. 

SKLF-POLLUTIOX,  Masturbation. 

BELI'BRA,  SemiU'bra,  Sembella,  'half  a 
pound.J     Si*  ounces,  Troy ;   eight  Avoirdupois. 

SELINFTES,   rtXtrim.      Wine   impregnated 
•  with  the  seeds  of  the  otbuov  or  nmallage. —  Dios- 
oorides. 

8ELINUM  ANGELICA,  Angelica  Sylvestris 
' — s.sGalbauum,  Buhon  galbanum  —  b.  Impera- 
toria,  Imperatoria  —  s.  Lacteseens,  Peucedanum 


l\C. 

M  TblbphoiDES,  S.  Telephium — s.  Vermi- 
cular.'. Bedum. 
SEED,   Sperm. 

SEGMENT  \  C ARTIL AGINEA,  see  Trachea. 
SEGMENTATION,  Segmenta'tio,    from    Lat. 
■■in,  '  a  segment,'  itself  from  teco,  'to  cut.' 
ing   divided   into   segments   or  i>.>r- 
tii.ns.      }'.    S       entation,  Fractionnement,  Sillon- 
uement.      A  term   applied    to   the   division    of  the 
vitellus  or  yolk  into  'segments;1  eaefa  containing 
a  transparent  vesicle,  which  may  he  a  descendant 
primordial  or  germ  cell. 
iNIT"IA,  Segnit"ie»,  from    eegnie,  'slug- 
Sluggishness  or  torpor  in  the 
a  function:  —  as  SBGMTIBS  Ai.vi.  Torpor  of  the 
bowels;  Sk<;nitiks  Virii  m,  Languor. 
,-nitia. 
R  \V.  MINBB  \L  WATERS  OP. 
Pithiviers,  in  Qatinais,  in  the  French  department 
of  Loiret,  there  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  which  has 
r»  potation. 
i 


5EIDLITZ.  Sedliti. 

DSCHUTZ,     SETDSCHUTZ    or    SAID-'. 
SCHUTZ,    MINERAL    WATERS    OP.      Litter 

Piillna 
3    i. it/.,  in  Bohemia,  which  contain  chiefly 

sulphate,     nitrate,     muriate,     arid     carbonal 

I  pbates    of  |  >.  and   lime  ; 

carbonate  of  lime,  mm   and   manganese.     The 

M.ellcnt  cathartic,  and  is  well  known 
in  Eui 


ratoria  —  s.  Palustre,  Peucedanum  palustre  —  s. 
Pastinaea,  Pastinaea  sativa  —  s.  Peucedanum,  Peu- 
cedanum—  s.  Pubescens,  Angelica  sylvestris — s. 
Sylvestre.  Angelica  sylvestris,  Peucedanum  palus- 
tre—  s.  Thysselinnm,  Peucedanum  palustre. 

SELLA,  S.  Turcica  —  s.  Equina,  S.  Tunica  — 
s.  Familiarica,  Laaannm — s.  Obstetricia,  Diphrus 
ienoidalis,  S.  Turcica. 

Sella  Tuii'cica,  Ephip'pium,  Fossa  Pituita'- 
riu.  Sella,  S.  equi'na  sen  tpkenoida'lie,  Pitu'itarif 
fosxn,  Turkish  Saddle,  (F.)  Selle  Turcique  ou 
<lu  Turc.  A  depression  at  the  upper  surface  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  which  is  bounded,  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly,  by  the  elinoid  processes,  and 
lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  ia  so  called  from 
mblance  t<>  a  Tarkiek  middle.  The  broad 
rough  plate,  behind,  and  somewhat  overhanging 
the  Sella  Turcica  is  the  Dorsum  Epkippii. 

Si  ii  \   Trii  ic  \.  Pituitaria  ' 

SELLE  TURCIQUE,  Sella  Turcica  —  «.  dm 
Tm;-,  Sella  Turcica. 

SELS  NEUTRE8,  Neutral  -alts. 

BELTZ  or  SELTZER,  MINERAL  WATERS 

<  IP,     ('"Id,  acidulous  springs,  the  source  of  which 

i-  at  Belts,  nine  leagues  from  Btrasburg,  and  in 
the  Department  of  the  Bas-Rhin.     They  contain 

carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda,  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  much  carbonic  acid.  They  are 
refri'_r,,rant,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  aperient. 

Artificial   Bbltsn    Watbb    may   he  made 

from  nniiiiif.  mill.  gr.  .\.\xv,  imt,  r  (ij,  mkite  mar- 
;ij.    Stop  up  till  dissolved.    Add  carbonate 
nf'  Magneeia,  gr.  v,  and,  after  some  time,  *HOcar~ 
.  lunate  of  SO  '■',  gr.  x\.\ij.      Close  it  till  u^ed. 


SEMBELLA 


832 


SEMINIFEROUS 


BEMBELLA,  Selibra. 

BEMECARPUS  AXACARDIUM,  Avicennia 
tomentosa. 

SKMEIOG'RAPHY,  Semeiograph'ia,  Semio- 
graph  y,  Semiogra'pkia,  Symptomatog'raphy,  from 

arifietov,  ( a  symptom,'  and  ypiupn,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEIOL'OGY,    Semeiot'ice,    Semiology,    Se-  I 
mioilce,  Ph(enomenolog"ia,  from  arifiuov,  'a  symp-  J 
torn,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'     (F.)  Semeiotique. 
The  branch  of  pathology  whose  object  is  the  doc- 
trine of  the  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEIOX,  Sign  —  s.  Boethematicum,  Indica- 
tion. 

SEMEIOSrS,  Semeiology. 

SEMEIOTIQUE,  Semeiology. 

SEMEN,  Sperm  —  s.  Badian,  Illicium  anisa- 
tum — s.  Cinte,  see  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Con- 
tra, see  Artemisia  santonica  —  *.  Contra  d'Alep, 
Artemisia  santonica — s.  Contra  vermes,  Artemi- 
sia santonica — s.  Masculinuui  seu  virile  seu  geni- 
tale,  Sperm — s.  Muliebre,  Sperm  (of  the  female)  ; 
—  s.  Sanctum,  see  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  San- 
tonici,  see  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Zedoariae,  see 
Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMEXCE,  Sperm. 

SEMENTINA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMI,  from  'rnuav,  'half.'  Semi  or  demi,  in 
composition,  universally  signifies  '  half •'  both  in 
French  and  English. 

SEMIAX'IMIS,  Semi 'mor" 'tuns,  Sem'inex,  Se- 
miri'vus ;  from  semi,  'half,'  and  animus,  'soul.' 
Half-living.     Half-dead. 

SEMI-BULB  OF  THE  FEMALE,  Bulbus 
vestibuli. 

SEMICANALICULTTS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICAXALIS.  Sulcus. 

SEMICEPHALUS,  Hemicephalus. 

SEMfCIRCULl  OSSEI,  Semicircular  canals. 

SEMICIRCULAR..Se»uc»VcHfaVfs.  From  semi, 
and  circulus,  'a  circle.'  (F.)  Demicirculaire. 
That  which  represents  the  half  of  a  circle. 

Semicirctlar   Canals,    Cana'les    seu    Ductus 
semio'rcula'res    seu    tubasform'es   seu   circula'res, 
Semicir'culi    os'sei,   Fnnes    seu    Canalic'uli  semi- 
annula'  res    Jabyrin'thi,    (F.)    Ganaux    demicircu-  \ 
laires.  are  seated  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tem-  i 
poral  bone,  and  open  into  the  vestibule,  behind 
which  they  are  situate.     They  are  three  in  num-  |j 
ber,  of  which  one  is  superior  or  vertical,  carta' lis 
semicircula'ris  vertica'lis  supe'rior  ;  another  paste- 
rior  or  oblique,  carta' lie  semicircula'ris  vertica'lis 
paste'  rior,   and  the  third  exterior  or  horizontal. 
canalis    semicircula'ris   horizonta'lis.     Their  pa- 
rietes  are  formed  of  a  bony,  compact,  hard  plate,   i 
Their  uses  in  audition  are  not  known  :  at  their 
termination  the}7  have  the  elliptical  arrangements 
called  ompii/'lce;  and  by  both  extremities  they  jj 
open  into  the  vestibule,  in  the  sac  at  its  superior 
part — the  Sac' cuius  Ellip'ticus,  Al'veus  seu  Utric'- 
ulu8  seu  Sinus  commu'nis,  Sinus  seu  Alveus  utri-  '•] 
culo'sus,     Sacculus     vestibuli     or     Median     sinus, 
Utricle.     In  front  of  the  S.  ellipticus,  nearer  the  || 
cochlea,  and  opposite  the  foramen  ovale,  is  the 
Sac' cuius  spha°.r'icus.  or  Sacculus. 

SEMICIRCTLUSEXSCULPTUS,  Hiatus  dia- 
pbragmatia  aorticus. 

SEMICOX'GIUS.  Half  a  gallon,  or  four  pints. 

SEMICU'BIUM,  Semieupium,  Inses'sio,  In- 
ces'sio,  Encathis'ma,  Excathis'ma,  (F.)  Demibain, 
from  semi,  and  cubare,  'to  lie  down.'  A  half- 
bath,  or  such  as  receives  only  the  hips  or  ex- 
tremities. 

SEMICUPIUM.  Bath,  half,  Semi-cubium. 

SEMI- FIB ULJBUS,  Peronams  brevis. 

SEMI-INTEROSSEUS  IXDICIS,  Abductor 
indk-is. 

Srmt-tnterossbtjs  Polltcis,  Opponens  pollicis. 

£  EMLLIBRA,  Selibra. 


SEMILLA  DELGUACHARO.  Various  kinds 
of  hard  and  dry  fruits,  found  in  the  stomachs  of 
the  young  Guacharoes,  a  sort  of  nocturnal  bird. 
The  fruits  are  a  celebrated  South  American 
remedy  in  Ague. 

SEMILUNAR,  Semiluna'ris,  (F.)  Bemilu- 
naire  ou  Semilunaire,  from  semi,  and  luna,  '  the 
moon.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  half-moon. 

Semilunar  Cart'ilages,  Semilunar  Jtbro-car- 
tilages,  Sigmoid  car'tilagex,  Curtilag" iues  sig- 
moidetB  seu  sent iluna' res,  are  two  fibro-cartilages, 
which  exist  between  the  condyles  of  the  os  femo- 
ris  and  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  The 
innermost,  which  is  longer  from  before  to  behind 
than  transversely,  is  nearly  semicircular.  The 
outermost  forms  almost  an  entire  circle;  an  ar- 
rangement, in  both  cases,  corresponding  to  the 
different  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  They  are  thicker 
at  their  outer  circumference,  which  is  convex, 
than  at  the  inner,  which  is  concave  and  very 
thin.  Both  are  inserted,  before  and  behind,  into 
the  spine  of  the  tibia,  by  means  of  fibrous  fasciae. 

Semilunar  Ganglion, —  Ganglion  abdomr'na'U 
seu  splanch'nicnm  seu  transver'sum  seu  sola' re, 
G.  surrenal,  (Ch.),  belongs  to  the  great  SAinpa- 
thetic.  These  ganglia  present  considerable  va- 
riety, and  are  deeply  situate  in  the  abdomen, 
above  and  behind  the  supra-renal  capsules.  They 
correspond,  posteriorly,  to  the  pillars  of  the  dia- 
phragm and  the  aorta.  They  have  the  shape  of 
a  crescent  reversed,  often  surrounded  by  other 
ganglia  of  a  smaller  size.  From  their  periphery 
numerous  filaments  proceed,  which  go  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  solar  plexus. 

Semilunar  Notch  of  the  Sternum,  Fourchette 
—  s.  Valves,  Sigmoid  valves. 

SEMILUNULA  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

SEMI-MAS,  Eunuch. 

SEMIMASCULATUS.  Eunuch. 

SEMIMASCULUS,  Eunuch. 

SEMIMEMBRANEOUS,  Semimembranosus. 

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS,  Semimembra'neus, 
(F.)  Ischio-popliti-femoral,  Ischio-popliti-tibial, 
(Ch.)  Demimembraneux.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  flat,  thin,  nar- 
row, and  aponeurotic  in  its  upper  third  •  broader 
and  fleshy  in  the  middle,  and  tendinous  below. 
It  is  attached  above  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  is- 
chium •  and  below — by  a  tendon,  which  has  three 
divisions — to  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur,  and 
to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  internal 
tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  is  a  rotator 
inwards,  and  a  flexor  of  the  leg.  It  can  also  bend 
the  thigh  upon  the  leg.  In  standing  it  maintains 
the  pelvis  in  position,  and  can  even  draw  it  down- 
wards. 

SEMIMORTUUS.  Semianimis. 

SEMINA  CATAPUTLE  MA JORIS,  see  Rici- 
nus  communis. 

Se'mina  Frig'ida  Majo'ra.  The  greater  cold 
seeds.  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  emul- 
sive seeds  of  the  cucumber,  melon,  gourd,  and 
water-melon. 

Semina  Frigida  Mino'ra.  The  lesser  cold  seeds. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  seeds  of  the 
lettuce,  purslane,  endive,  and  cichory. 

Semina  Ricini  Vulgaris,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis. 

SEMINAL,  Spermatic — s.  Filaments,  Sperma- 
tozoa— s.  Fluid,  Sperm — s.  Granules,  see  Granule. 

SEMIXALE  MEMBRUM,  Penis. 

SEMINALIS.  Spermatic. 

SEMINERVOSUS,  Semi-tendinosus. 

SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

SEMIPESTIS,  Typhus. 

SEMINEX,  Semianimis. 

SEMIXIA  MORBQRUM,  Predisposition. 

S  E  M  I N  I F  '  E  R  0  U  S,  from  semen,  s>  m  in  is, 
'sperm,'  and  fero,  '  I  carry.'     Sperrnatoph'or&ta, 


SEMINIST 


SENEGAL 


An  epithet  given  to  the  vessels  which  secrets  sad 

a  pi  ey  th minal  fluid. 

SEM  INIS  I'.  Animalculist. 
-rin. 

OGR  \i:llV.  Semeiography. 
BEM  [OLOGY,  S 
[ON,  Sign. 

Semeiotiee —  s.  Faciei,  Physi- 


SEM!  PLEGIA,  Hemiplegia. 
BEMISI  X  rUM,  Hemiecton. 
BEMISICIL'ICUS.     A  weight  of  one  drachni 
or  three  scruples.  —  Rhodius. 

•  [SIDERATIO,  Hemiplegia, 
VilSIDER  UTS.  Bee  Hemiplegia. 
6BMISOMN  [S,  Coma. 
UISOPITUS,  Coma, 
•  !  [SOPORUS,  Coma. 
!  [SPECULUM.     An   instrument  D( 
dilating  the   incision  made  into  the  neck  <>f  the 
bladder  in  the  operation  of  lithotomy.— Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

V\  LIS  COLLI,  Semitptna'tm  sen 
i  ipina'li*  sen  tram 
lit  colli,  Artie' ido-apina' lie,  Spincrfi*  eervi'ei$, 
•  .  1.  Demi-ipinettx  on  trims. 
tmaire-fpint  ux  du  cow.  This  muscle  arises  from 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  six  oppermost 
dorsal  vertebra?,  by  an  equal  number  of  distinct 
tend"ns.  which  run  obliquely  under  the  BOSS- 
plezns,  and  is  inserted  in  the  Bpinoue  pi 
of  all  the  cervical  vertebrae,  except  the  ti r- r  and 
last.  It-  action  is,  to  extend  the  neck  obliquely 
backwards  and  i<>  one  side. 

llis    Dorsi,   Semi-*pinali*    erternna, 
Tratisn ■•/•' — npinali»  dorsi,   Semi-npina'tna,  (Rio- 


latter  four  different  times  in  a  bolting  mill,  and 
sifting  through  parchment  sieves,  until  the  pro- 
duet  is  perfectly  freed  from  bran.  In  Poland,  it 
is  called  ( 'riicoir  proof*. 

Semolina  is  generally  imported  into  England 
from  the  Baltic,  and  in  Russia  is  said  to  1 1 
ufaetured  from  buckwheat.  It  has  s  granular 
form  like  some  kinds  of  oatmeal,  a  dingy  white 
colour,  a  farinaceous,  somewhat  insipid,  taste, 
and  is  well  adapted  for  the  diet  of  children  affect- 
ed  with  derangement  of  the  bowels.     A  recent 

analysis  makes  it    consist  of  the   gluten  of  wheat 

with  a  certain  proportion  of  the  starch,  part  ft 
the  latter  having  been  removed, 
BEMPBRVIVUM  ACRE,  Bedum. 

SbMPERYIYI  N  Ti  1  im'ki  m,  ,s'.  MOJHM  sen  tecto' - 
rum  ;  from  temper,  'always,'  and  vivo,  '  1  live,' 
b(  ■  suss  a!w a\  -  green,  .1  Fsoo'n,  B<  iahalalen,  Bunk- 
thalmu*,  Barba  Join*,  Agriotin'arn,  Audra- 
chahara,  Chryaoaper'wntm,  Houat-Leek,  8e»greeu, 
Few*,  Fouett,  (Prov.)  Cyphel,  Jupiter**  Beard, 
(F.)  Joubarbe  dee  toils.  The  leaves  have  a  mild, 
Bubacid  austerity,  and  are  often  applied  to  bruites 
and  old  ulcers. 

SEMI  DA,  Betula. 

SEMUNCIA,  Hemiuncion. 

SENA,  I  !assia  senna. 

SENS,  Cassia  senna  —  *.  oV Amtrique,  Cassia 
Marilandica — 1.  Faux,  Colutea — *.  Indigene,  Co- 
lutea — 8.  den  Pres,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

BENEBIERA   COROXOPUS,  Coehlearia  co- 


Ian),     Tranaverao-apinal,    (F.)    Demi-fpinevx    du 
epineux  </«  doe.     This  muscle 
from   the   transverse    processes   of   the   se- 
venth, eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  dorsal  vertebras, 
.any  distinct  tendons,  which  soon  grow 
fleshy  :   and   then    again    become    tendinous,  and 
are    inserted    into    the   spinous  processes  of  the 
sixth  or  seventh  uppermost  dorsal,  and  two  low- 
ical    vertebra',  by  as   many  tendons.      Its 
action  is,  to  extend  the  spine  obliquely  backwards. 
spiralis  Exterhcs,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — 
s.   Interims,    Transv  ersalis    dorsi  —  s.   Spinatus, 
1.     -  ssimus  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 
BEMISPINATUS  COLLI,  Semispinals  colli. 
BEMIS'SIS,    Semi*.     The    half  of    a   pound, 
ounce,  drachn 

SEMITENDINOUS,  Sem^nervc/nw,  (F.)  U- 
thio-eriti -tibial,   Itchio-prftibial,   (t'h.)  Demiten- 
ux.     This  muscle  is  situate  at 
the   posterior   part    of    the    thigh.     It    extends 
Obliquely,  downwards  and  inwards,  from   the  tu- 
•   of  the  ischium  —  to  which  it  is  attached 
it  tendon,  common  to  it  and  the  biceps  — 
as  far  as  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  tibia. 
to  which  it  is  attached  by  means  of  another  round 
tendon.      Its  fibres   are  commonly  interrupted  by 
on  aponeurosis,      [ti   uses  are  the  same  as  those 
of  the  Bemimemhrai 
BEMI1  i:i:TI  \XA.  Hemitril 
BEMIUNC1  \.  Hemiuncion, 
BEMIVIR,  Eunuch. 

\  [VUS,  Semianimis. 

SEM'OLA,    BULLOCK'S;   a  farinaceous   ar- 

:    diet,  which   is  recommended  as  highly 

nutritious  mid  easily  digestible,  consequently  well 

adapted  for  infants  and  invalids,  is  said  to  consist 

of  the  gluten  of  wheat,  with  a  small   proportion 

:h.      Semola  and    Semolina    re-end 

other  greatly.     Tbey  appear,  indeed,  to  be  iden- 
tical. 

BEHOLI'NA,    tfemnn    croup.     This    may    be 
v  grinding  wheat  in  an  apparatus,  sepa- 
rating thr  flour  from  the  middlings,  dressing  the 
00 


ronopus. 

SENECA  OIL,  Petroleum,  (New  York.) 

BENE'CIO,  S.  vuhja'ris,  from  aenex,  'an  old 
man,'  in  allusion  to  the  grayish  down  on  many 
-  :  Erig"ervm,  Cortalon,  Erigeron,  Grouvd- 
tel,  Firenoeedf  (So.)  Qroundie  Swallow,  (E.)  Sene- 
oon  comntun.  On/.  CompositSB.  Sex.  Sytt.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia  Superflusc  A  common  plant 
in  Europe;  frequently  applied,  bruised,  to  in- 
flammations and  ulcers,  as  refrigerant  and  anti- 
scorbutic. 

SeNE'CIO  Ac'reis,  Golden  ragireed,  Wild  vn- 
le'rian,  Life  root,  Squaw  root  ;  indigenous.  Is 
an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  The  dried 
plant  is  used  in  decoction  :  —  ^ss  to  Oj  of  water. 

BENECIO  HiEKACiFOLirs,  Erechthites  hieraci- 
folius. 

SEHECIO  JACOBiE'A,  Jacobce'o,  St.  Jamas's  Wort, 
Ragwort,  (Sc.)  Bumcede,  Weebo,  (F.)  Jacobie. 
The  leaves  have  a  roughish,  bitter,  subacid,  and 
extremely  nauseous  taste.  A  decoction  has  been 
used  in  dysentery.  A  poultice  of  the  leaves  has 
been  recommended  in  rheumatic  affections  :  and 
a  decoction  of  the  root  has  often  been  employed 
in  cases  of  wounds  and  bruises. 

SENEgON  10MMIX,  Senecio. 

BENECTA,  Seneetns. 

mm  1  1  \  AN'euiUM.  The  cast  skin  of  a  ser- 
pent.     A  decoction  ofit  is  said  to  cure  deafness  ! 

SEHECTA  Decsbpita,  Decrepitude —  s.  Extre- 
ma,  Decrepitude  —  s.  Bumma,  Decrepitude  —  s. 
Ultima.  Decrepitude. 

SENEC'TUS,  Senec'ta,  from  never,  'an  old 
man  ;'  Gera«,  Se'nium,  AEta*  aeni'li*  sen  provee'ta 
sen  mala,  Old  age,  Senil'ity,  (F.)  VieUeeee.  The 
last  period  of  life,  commencing,  according  to  some, 
at  lid  years  of  age,  —  according  to  M.  Flonreiis  a' 
7*1, — but  varying  according  to  numerous  cireum- 
It  is  eharaeterised  by  progressive  dimi- 
nution of  the  physical  and  moral  faculties 

Sim  (i  1  s  Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

BEN  EGA,  Polygala  senega. 

SEN'EGAL,  GUM,  Oummi  Semegmlen'tl  sen 
Sen'eea  sen  Sen'ega  sen  Sen'ica.  The  exudation 
1 1  ■  .iii  Aca'cia  sen  Mimo'aa  Senegal. —  Ord.  Le- 
go mino  8y*t.  Polygamis  Monoecia — 
which   grows  in   the   country  of  Africa   through 


SENEGINE 


83  4 


SEPT.EMIA 


which  the  river  Senegal  runs.     It  is  in  loose  or 
single  drops,  much   larger  than  gum  Arabic,  or 
the  gum  which  exudes  from  the  cherry  tree  ;  and 
is  much  more  difficult  of  solution  than  the  former. 
SENEGINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
SENEGBAIN,  Trigonella  fcenuui. 
SEN  ERA.  Polygala  senega. 
SEX  EYE,  Sin  apis. 
SENGREEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 
SENILE.   Seni'lis,  from  setter,   'an  old  man.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  old  age:  —  as  'senile 
delirium  :'  dotage. 

SENILITY,  Senectus. 

SENNA,  Cassia  senna — s.  Alexandrina,  Cassia 
senna — s.  American,  Cassia  Marilandica — s.  Blad- 
der, Colutea  arborescens — s.  Essence  of,  prepared, 
Selway's,  see  Infusum  sennae  compositum  —  s. 
Germanica,  Colutea — s.  Italica,  Cassia  senna — s. 
Prairie.  Cassia  chamaecrista — s.  Wild,  Cassia  cha- 
in anrista,  Cassia  Marilandica. 

SENS,  Sense  —  s.  Genital,  Appetite,  venereal. 
SENSA'TION,  Sensa'tio,  from  sentire,  setisum, 
*  to  feel ;'  JEsthe'tna.  The  consciousness  or  cog- 
nisance by  the  brain  of  an  impression  caused  by 
an  external  body  on  the  organs  of  the  senses.  (F.) 
Sentiment.  It  is  not  necessarily,  however,  con- 
fined to  bodies  external  to  us  ;  for  we  can  receive 
an  impression  by  touching  any  part  of  our  own 
body.  The  body  which  communicates  the  im- 
pressions needs  but  to  be  external  to  the  part  im- 
pressed. Sensations  are  divided  into  external, 
internal,  and  morbid.  The  externa/  are  commu- 
nicated by  the  five  organs  of  the  senses.  The 
internal  are  such  as  occur  within  the  body,  and 
arise  from  some  alteration  in  the  function  of  the 
part,  for  the  time  being.  Hunger  and  thirst  are 
internal  sensations,  as  well  as  all  the  natural 
wants.  Morbid  sensations  may  be  either  inter- 
nal or  external.  Objec'tive  sensations  are  pro- 
duced by  impressions  on  the  peripheral  nerves  ; 
:is  in  vision,  audition,  Ac.  Subjec'tive  sensations, 
are  such  as  originate  centrically,  or  in  the  ence- 
phalon, — as  tinnitus  aurium. 
SENSATIONAL,  Sentient. 

SENSE,  Sensus,  Sen'sio,  ^Esthe'sis,  (F.)  Sens. 
Same  etymon  as  Sensation.  A  faculty,  possessed 
by  animals,  of  appreciating  impressions  from  ex- 
ternal objects.  The  senses  are  five  in  number: 
sight,  hearing,  smell,  taste,  and  touch.  Of  these, 
the  first  two  and  the  last  administer  more  to  the 
intellect:  and,  hence,  have  been  called  b}'  some, 
the  intellectual  senses  ;  the  other  two  seem  more 
destined  for  the  nutrition  of  the  body  :  and, 
hence,  have  been  termed  corporeal  or  nutritive 
senses.  Other  senses  have  been  suggested  —  as 
the  intense  sensation  experienced  during  the  ve- 
nereal act ;  a  sense  of  heat  and  cold  ;  a  muscular 
sense,  a  common  sense  or  coenaesthesis,  Ac. 

Senses,  Nervous  System  of  the,  Medulla 
oblongata. 

SENSIBILITAS,  Sensibility— s.  Anomala.see 
Irritable  —  s.  Aucta,  see  Irritable  —  s.  Morbosa, 
see  Irritable. 

SENSIBIL'ITY,  Sensibil'itas.  Same  etymon 
as  Sensation  :  JEsthe'ma.  The  faculty  of  receiv- 
ing and  transmitting  impressions,  and  having  the 
consciousness  of  them.  It  thus  includes  three 
secondary  properties,  impressibility,  (F.)  impres- 
sionabi/ite,  transmissibi/ity,  and  perceptibility. 
Bichat  defines  it  as  the  property  possessed  by 
living  bodies,  of  receiving  impressions,  whether 
the  individual  be  conscious  of  them  or  not.  In 
the  former  case,  where  conscious,  he  calls  the  sen- 
sibility animal :  in  the  latter,  where  not,  he  terms 
it  organic.  This  last  is  common  to  vegetables 
and  animals,  and  presides  over  nutrition,  absorp- 
tion, exhalation,  secretion,  Ac.     The  other  does 


not  exist  in  vegetables:  it  is  the  origin  of  the 
sensations — olfaction,  vision,  gustation,  audition, 
thirst,  hunger,  pain,  Ac.  There  are  few  parts  of 
the  animal  body,  but  what  are  sensible  —  if  not 
in  health — in  disease.  The  free  extremities  of  the 
hair  and  nails,  and  the  epidermis,  are  not  so.  See 
Insensibility. 

SENSIFEROUS,  Sentient. 
SENSIO,  Sense. 
SENSITORIUM,  Sensorium. 
SENSORI-YOLIT"IONAL.     A  term  applied 
to  nervous  fibres  which  pass  to  and  from  the  ce- 
rebrospinal axis,  and  are  respectively  concerned 
in  sensation  and  volition. 

SENSO'RIAL,  Sentient. 

Sensorial  Power,  according  to  Dr.  "\Yilson 
Philip,  is  composed  of  the  two  functions  of  sen- 
sation and  volition.  Dr.  Darwin  included  in  it 
the  power  of  muscular  contraction  ;  but  it  ought 
not  to  be  extended  to  acts  in  which  there  is  not 
consciousness. 

SENSO'RIUM,  S.  commu'ne,  Or'(janon  senso'- 
rium  internum,  Sensito'rium,  Empo'rium  spiri- 
tuum,  JEsthetc'rion,  Sen'sory.  Same  etymon.  The 
common  centre  of  sensations. 

SENSORY,  Sensorium,  Sentient. 

Sen'sory  Gang'lia.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Carpenter  to  a  series  of  ganglionic  masses  at  the 
base. of  the  brain,  which  are  in  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  nerves  of  sensation — as  the  olfac- 
tory, optic,  auditory,  and  gustatory. 

Sensory  Nerves,  Nerves  of  sensation,  are  so 
called  in  contradistinction  to  Motor  nerves.  There 
are  general  sensory  nerves —  as  those  connected 
with  the  posterior  part  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and 
the  fifth  pair;  and  special  sensory,  as  those  of  the 
senses. 

SENSES  .EGRITUDINIS,  Indisposition  — s. 
Osmometricus,  Olfaction — s.  Perversus,  PseudaDS- 
thesia. 

SEN'TIENT,  Sen'tiens,  Sen'sory,  Ide'dg" enous, 
Senso'rial,  Stnsa'tional,  Sensif'erous.  Same  ety- 
mon.    Feeling,  causing  feeling. 

Sentient  Extremities  of  Nerves  are  their 
minute  terminations  in  the  organs. 

SENTINA,  Pituitary  gland.    | 

SENTIMENT,  see  Sensation. 

SEPARATO'RIUM,  from  separare,  separatum, 
'to  separate.'  A  surgical  instrument,  for  sepa- 
rating the  pericranium  from  the  skull. 

A  Sep'aratory,  Yitrum  Hypoclep'tieum,  is  a 
pharmaceutical  vessel  for  separating  fluids  of  dif- 
ferent densities  from  each  other. 

SEPEDOGENESIS,  Sepedonogenesis. 

SEPEDON.  Putrefaction. 

SEPEDONODES,  Putrid. 

SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS,  Sepedogen'esis,  from 
(T7?te<W,  '  putrescency,'  and  yevecis,  'generation.' 
A  septic  disposition  or  tendency;  such  as  is  met 
with  in  typhus  gravior. 

SEPES,  Sce'pes,  'a  hedge,'  'a  row;'  as  Sepes 
seu  Se'ries  seu  Pecten  den'tium  : — a  row  of  teeth. 

Sepes  Dentium,  see  Sepes. 

SEPIIIRUS,  Scleriasis. 

SE'PIA,  art'ia,  S.  officinalis,  Se'pium.  Cuttle- 
Fish,  (Sc.)  Hose-Fish,  Slieve-Fish,  (F.)  Seche. 
Class  Cephalopoda.  The  osseous  part  of  the 
cuttle-fish:  (F.)  Os  de  Seche — Prcpcip'itans  mag', 
num — has  been  used  as  an  absorbent,  and  is  often 
added  to  tooth-powders. 

SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A  name  formerly  given  to 
one  who  sold  perfumes,  ointments,  Ac.  It  is 
derived  from  Seplasia,  the  name  of  a  public  place 
at  Capua,  where  such  preparations  were  fre- 
quently sold.     A  druggist. 

SEPSICHYMIA,  Septochymia. 

SEPSIS,  Putrefaction. 

SEPTJE'MIAj  from  <?>]xtos,  'rotten,'  and  'at^a, 


SEPTAL 


SERPENT ARIA 


'blood.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  pro- 
duced by  septic  or  putrid  matters. 

•  l" AL.  S epta'lis,  tV.  in  Septum.  Relating, 
or  appertaining  to,  a  septum  :  u  '  septal  walls 
of  the  heart'  —  those  that  separate  the  cavities 
from  each  other. 

S  KPT  AN  A  PEBRIS,  Fever,  septan. 
BEP'TENARY,  Septena'riua,  (P.)  SepUtmirt, 
from    septan,    'seven.1      'Consisting  of    - 

tei  ary  years  of  the  old  belierers  in  criti- 
cal periods  were  times  at  which,  it  was  Bit]  | 
important    changes    might    be    expected    to   take 

The   grand   climacteric  was   fixed 
and  it  was  considered  that  if  a  person  passed  that 

bad   well-fninded    expectations    that  his  j 
life  might  be  protracted  to  90. 

BEPTENNIAD,  Climacteric,  (years.) 
SEP!  ERIUS,  Septic. 
BEPTFOIL,  UPRIGHT,  Tormentilla. 
SEPTIC,    Sep'ticu;    Septa*,     Septeriuf,    from 
•  to  rot.'  cij-roi,  'rotten.'    That  which  pro-  | 
utrefaction.     A  substance  which  corrodes 
and  disorganizes  the  soft  parts  without  causing  | 
much  pain. 

ric  Poison,  see  Poison. 
SEPTICEMIA,  Septsemia. 
BEPTIMESTRIS  FOETUS,  see  Foetus  septi 

SEPTINERVIA,  Plantago. 


SEPTOCHYM'IA,  & 


jixufiym  in 


from  crj'lts, 
Putrefaction 


'putrefaction.'   and    ^r/ioj,  'juice.' 
or  pntrescency  of  the  humours. 
6EPTON, 

BEPTOPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 
BEPT'ULUM;  diminutive  of  septum.    A  divi- 
sion  between   small   spaces   or  cavities  —  as   the 
'  or  fibrous  cords  given  off  by  the  medias- 
tinum testis  to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface 
of  the  tunica  albuginea. 

SEPTUM,    (P.)    Oloison,    'a    partition,'    from 
.  teptum,  *  I  fence  in.'     A  part    destined   to 
te   two  cavities  from   each   other,  or  to  di- 
vide a  principal    cavity  into    several    secondary 
cavities. 

These  septa  are  numerous  in  the  human  body. 
The  chief  are  the  following: — 

PI  M     Atkim'imm,     8.    Auriettla'rum.     The 
i   or  partition  between   the  auricles  of  the 

Si  i'ti  m  Auricularum,  S.  Atriorum  —  s.  Cere- 
belli, Falx  cerebelli — b.  Cerebri,  Falx  cerebri — s. 
Cochlea'  auditories,  Lamina  .-piralis. 

Septum  Cordis,  Septum  me'dium  cordi*.  The 
partition  which  separates  the  two  ventricles  of 
the  heart. 

SBPTDH  ErCKPHALT,  Tentorium. 
Skimi  m  Lu'ciDDM  sen  pellu'eidum  sen  ten'ue  ei 
'dum   .-on   me'dium,  Speculum,  S.  lueidum, 
I  tpeeula'rie,  Media tti'num  >~v\i  Diaphragma 

ulo'rum    Intern' Hum    cer'ebri,  (F.)   Septum 
mfdian  (Ch.),    CJoiaon    trnneparente.      The    soft 
portion  or  medullary  substance,  which  separates 
lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain   from   each 
other.     This  septum  is  composed  of  two  iareii  bb  ; 
between  which  a  small  cavity  exists,  filled  by  a 
fluid,  p<  ntric'ulus  *>  j,ti  pellu'cidi,  see  Yen  ■  ! 
of  the  Brain.     The  brothers  Wensel  are 
of  opinion  that  this  cavity  Is  lined  by  a  peculiar 
membrane. 

<TUM  MEDIAN,  S.  lucidnm    -».  MSdiati 
erebelli — s.  Medium  cerebri,  B. 
locidum. 

•m  N a'rium,  Tntemeptum  ten  Distej 
1  fnterfi'nium  sen    Dincri'men  sen    Imbrex 
I   n  Diaphmg'mn  nn'rium,  (F.J  Cloim 

The  partition  between  the  nares.  It  is 
f  ■rme  I  bj  the  vomer,  the  perpendicular  plate  of 
the  ethmoid  bom',  and  ■>  '  n  triangular 

shape.    Thei  re  lined  by  the  pituitary 


membrane,  which  receives  a  considerable  number 
of  ner. 

M    I  .res. 

Si  i'ti  m  I'uivim  Oicir-iTAi.K,  Falx  cerebelli — 
s.  Peetiniforme,  -  I  rernous  bodies  —  s.  Pellu- 
cidum,  S.  Lucidnm  —  B.  Scalse,  Lamina  spiralis — 
s.  Stnphylin,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  s.  Tenue 
et  pellucidum,  S.  lucidnm — B.  Thoracis,  Medias- 
tinum—  n.  Trantvent,  Tentorium  —  s.  Transver- 
Bum,  Diaphragm — s.  Vestibuli  nervoso-membra- 
naceiim,  see  Labyrinth. 

SEPTUS,  Septicus. 

BEPUM,  Sevum. 

BEQUES'TRUM,  "the  depositing  of  a  dis- 
puted thing  in  the  hand.-  of  B  third  person  !" 
The  portion  of  bone,  in  necrosis,  which  is  dead, 
and  separated  from  the  living  bone;  acting, 
whilst  retained,  as  an  extraneous  body.  When 
oestrum  is  superficial  and  small,  it  is 
called  Exfolia'tion.  The  portion  of  bone  sur- 
rounding it  is  the  Cap'suln  tequettra'li*. 

SERAPEUM,  Syrup. 

SERAPINON,  Sagapenum. 

BERAPIUM,  Syrup. 

SERBET,  Scherhet 

8&REUX,  Serous. 

SE'RICO-CARPUS  TORTTFO'LTUS,  Cony'mt 
bi/olia'ta,  Atter  tortifo'liue j  indigenous;  Order, 
Composites  :   is  said  to  be  diuretic. 

SER'ICUM,  Silk;  from  Seres— the  Thibetans 

probably  —  from    whom    it   was    first    obtained. 

F.  1    Soie.      The    thread    spun    by    the    Bombyx 

Mori  or  Silkworm.     Silk  is  used  by  surgeons  for 

ligatures,  &c. 

Sericcm  Anglicim,  see  Sparadrapuin  adhsesi- 
vum. 

SERIES  DENTIUM,  see  Sepes. 

SKI!  II.  IX.  Serious. 

SBRTNOOE,  Syringe. 

SERIOLA,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SE'RIOUS,  Serins.  (F.)  Srriour,  Grarr.  A 
term  applied  to  a  disease,  Dyspathi'a,  iforbus 
gravis,  and  to  a  symptom  that  is  attended  with 
danger* 

BERIS,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SEP  MOUNTAIN,  Laserpitium  album. 

SERO-COLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

SKRO-CYSTIC,  Sero-eust'ieus.  An  epithet  for 
tumours  of  the  female  breast,  which  consist,  in 
the  fir^t  Btage,  of  one  or  more  membranous  cysts, 
produced  perhaps  by  dilatation  of  portions  of  the 
lactiferous  tubes. 

SKHO-IIEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

SER'OLIN,  from  serum  and  olein.  A  peculiar 
fatty  matter  detected  in  the  blood  by  Boudet, 
Lecanu,  Sanson,  and  other-. 

SE'ROSITE',  Serum. 

SEROSITY,  Serum. 

SEROUS,  Sero'sus,  (F.)  Sireux ;  from  *erum. 
Thin  :  watery.  Relating  to  the  most  watery 
portion  of  animal  fluids,  or  to  membranes  that 
secrete  them.     See  Serum. 

-    I.  win.  -' e    Ttuhe  embryonuaire — s. 
Membrane-.  M enihra nes,  serous. 

BERPEDO,  Psoriasis. 

SERPENT,    Serpens,     Anguis,    Oplis ;    from 
•  I  creep.'     A  snake. 

S9AKR  BROTH  was,  at  one  time,  recommended 
as  a  restorative. 

Many  serpents  are  venomous:  and  the  bites  of 
some  fatal.       See   Poisons,   table  of. 

SERPENTAIRE  NOIRE,  Aetsea  ra< 
—  0.  Rouge,  Po'ygonum  bistorta. 

BERPENTARIA.  Aristolochia  serpen t aria— s. 
Gallorum,    Arum    dracuncu'us  —  s.    Bispnnica, 

•.era — s.  Minor.    Arum    uiaculatum — s.  Ni- 

graj  Aetata  racemosa. 


SERPENTARI^E 


836 


SESAMOID 


SERPENTARLE  BRAZILIENSIS  RADIX, 
Caincae  radix. 

SERPENTIN,  see  Alembic. 
SERPENTINE,  Ophites. 
SERPENTINUS,  Ophites. 
SERPES.  Herpes. 

SERPIGINOUS,    from    serpere,    'to    creep.' 
An    epithet    given    to    certain    affections,  which 
creep,  as  it  were,  from  one  part  to  another, — '  Ser- 
piyinom  erysipelas,'  (F.)  Erysipele  serpigrneux. 
SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen  psoriasis. 
SKRPILLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
SERPOLET,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
SERPULLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
SERPYLLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum  — s.  Citra- 
tum.  see  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERRA,  Saw  —  s.  Amputatoria,  Saw,  amputa- 
tion —  s.  Versntilis,  Trepan. 

SERRAT'ULA  AMA'RA,  from  serra,  '  a  saw,' 
owing  to  its  serrated  leaves.  Family,  Cynaroce- 
phaleae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequa- 
lis.  A  species  of  Sawioort,  recommended  in  ague. 
Serratula  Behen,  Centaurea  behen. 
SERRATUS,  Dentate— s.  Anticus  Minor,  Pec- 
toralis  minor. 

Serra'tus  Magnus.  So  called  from  its  ser- 
rated appearance;  from  serra,  'a  saw.'  Serratus 
major  anti'cus,  S. major, (F.)  Costo-basi-scapulaire, 
Ci>8to-8capulaire  (Ch.),  Grand  dentele.  A  very 
broad  (especially  anteriorly),  thin,  flat,  irregularly 
quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides  of  the  tho- 
rax. It  is  attached,  before,  to  the  external  surface 
of  the  first  8  or  9  ribs,  by  as  many  distinct  digita- 
tions  :  and,  behind,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula. 
The  superior  fibres  are  almost  horizontal;  the 
lower  become  gradually  more  and  more  oblique 
upwards  and  backwards.  This  muscle  carries 
the  scapula  forwards,  and  causes  it  to  execute  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  its  inferior 
angle  forwards,  and  the  anterior  upwards.  "When 
the  shoulder  is  fixed,  it  raises  the  ribs. 

Serratus  Major,  Serratus  maguus — s.  Major 
anticus,  Serratus  magnus. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Inferior,  (F.)  Dorso- 
lombo-cnstal,  Lombo-costal  (Ch.),  Petit  dentele 
posterieur  et  inf&rienr.  A  broader  and  thinner 
muscle  than  the  following,  but  nearly  of  the 
same  shape.  It  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  back;  and  extends  from  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  or  three  dorsal  vertebra?, 
and  the  first  two  or  three  lumbar,  to  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  last  four  false  ribs.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  ribs,  and  thus  concurs  in  expiration. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  the  next. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Supe'rior,  (F.)  Cervici- 
dorso-costal,  Dorso- costal,  (Ch.)  Petit,  dentele  su- 
perieur.  A  flat,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle; 
situate  obliquely  at  the  ppsterior  inferior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  the  superior  part  of  the  back.  It 
passes  from  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  the 
spinous  process  of  the  last  cervical  vertebra ; 
from  the  spinous  processes  of  the  first  two  or 
three  dorsal,  to  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  ribs  ;  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  as  many 
digitations.  It  raises  the  ribs,  and  is,  conse- 
quently, an  inspiratory  muscle. 

SERRE-A  RTERE,  Presse-artere. 
SERRE-COU  (F.).  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  con,  '  the  neck.'  An  instrument,  invented  by 
Chabert,  for  compressing  the  jugular  vein,  in 
bleeding  from  that  vessel.  It  surrounds  the  neck 
like  a  collar,  and,  by  means  of  a  pad,  exerts  the 
necessary  pressure. 

SERRE-FTNE,  (F.),  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  Jin.  'fine.'  A  small  spring  forceps,  invented 
by  M.  Yidel.  It  is  formed  of  a  wire  of  metal, 
turned  in  the  middle  into  two  spirals,  one  in  front 
of  the  other.  This  constitutes  the  spring.  Each 
branch  describes  nearly  the  letter  S ;  and  one  ex- 


tremity forms  the  spiral,  the  other  lays  hold  of 
the  parts  to  be  united. 

SERRE-NCEUD  (F.),  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze.' 
and  nveud,  '  a.  knot.'  This  name  has  been  given 
to  various  instruments,  employed  by  the  surgeon 
for  tightening  a  ligature  passed  round  a  pedicu- 
lated  tumour,  or  any  part  which  has  to  be  de- 
stroyed by  ligature  slowly  and  gradually.  Thus, 
there  is  the  aerre-nocud  of  Roderic,  the  conatric- 
teur  of  Herbinaux,  the  serre-noeud  of  Desault,  Ac. 
SERRE  NCEUD  BE  DESCHAMPS,  Pretat- 
artere. 

SERTULA  CAMPANA,  Trifolium  melilotus. 
SERUM,  Sperm. 

Serum,  '  whey.'  Orrhos,  Oros,  Seros'ity,  (F.) 
Serosite.  The  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids,  exhaled  by  serous  membranes.  It  is  a 
constituent  part  of  blood,  milk,  &c. 

Serum  of  the  Beood,  Ha' my  dor,  Orrlios, 
Serum  seu  Ichor  san'tjuinis,  (F.)  Serum  du  Sang, 
is  the  liquid  which  separates  from  the  blood,  when 
coagulated  at  rest.  It  is  of  a  greenish-yellow 
colour;  viscid,  slightly  coagulable  by  heat,  acids, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  composed  of  water;  chloride 
of  sodium;  certain  phosphates;  and  albumen, 
constantly  united  to  soda,  almost  in  a  sapona- 
ceous combination. 

The  fluid  which  exudes  from  the  albumen  of 
the  serum  of  the  blood,  when  coagulated  by  heat, 
is  by  some  called  seros'ity. 

SJERUM  DU  SANG,  S.  of  the  blood. 
Serum  Lactis,  Aqua  Lactis  ;  Serum  of  Mill-, 
Whey,  (Prov.)  Whig,  (F.)  Serum  du  lait,  Petit 
lait.  That  part  of  milk  from  which  the  butter  and 
caseous  matter  have  been  separated.  It  is  a 
transparent,  citrine-coloured  liquid,  containing 
sugar  of  milk,  mucilage,  acetic  acid,  phosphate 
of  lime,  and  some  other  saline  substances.  It 
is  used  as  a  slightly  nutritious  diluent  and  refri- 
gerant. The  French  have  magistral  formula, 
the  basis  of  which  is  whey.  They  are  called 
Petits-lail8,  or  '  wheys.' 

Serum  Lactis  Hoffman'ni,  (F.)  Petit-loit 
d' Hoffmann,  is  a  name  given  to  the  liquid  re- 
sulting from  treating  with  boiling  water  milk 
which  has  been  evaporated  to  an  almost  solid 
consistence.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Rennet  Whey  is  made  thus:  milk  2  pints: 
rennet  ,^ss,  infused  in  a  little  hot  water:  mix  and 
keep  in  a  gentle  heat  for  some  hours,  then  strain. 
— Gray. 

Serum  Sanguinis,  Serum  of  the  blood. 
Serum  of  Serous  Membranes,  Serum  mem- 
hranarum  seros-a'rum,  Water  of  Dropsy,  (F.) 
Serum  des  membranes  sereuses,  Eau  des  hydro- 
piques.  It  resembles  the  serum  of  the  blood. — 
especially  in  cases  of  hydrocele.  The  water  of 
hydrothorax  and  ascites  contains  much  less  al- 
bumen :  —  sometimes  enough  to  coagulate  on  the 
application  of  heat:   at  others,  not. 

SERVICE,  MOUNTAIN,  Sorbus  acuparia. 
Service  Tree,  Sorbus  domestica. 
SERVIETTE  EN  CARRE,  Couvrechef. 
SESAME,  Sesamum  orientale. 
SES'AMOID,   Sesamo'i'des,    Sesamo'des,    Sesa. 
mo'ideus,  from  ariaafiij,  'a  grain  of  sesamum,'  and 
a&os,  'resemblance.' 

Sesamoid  Bones,  Ossa  seu  Ossic'ula  sesamo'i- 
dea,  are  small  bones,  situate  in  the  substance  of 
tendons,  near  certain  joints.  Their  number  is 
various.  They  are  commonly  more  in  the  male 
than  female.  Two  are  constantly  met  with  be- 
neath the  metatarso-phalangal  articulations  of 
the  great  toe.  Sometimes,  the  articulations  of 
other  bones  of  the  metatarsus  with  the  pha- 
langes of  the  toes  have  them  likewise.  In  the 
hand,  there  are  two  hefore  the  metaearpo-pha- 
langal  joint  of  the   thumb.     At  times,  they  are 


SESAMUM 


-    : 


SHAMROCK,    INDIAN 


met  with  in  the  other  metaearpo-phalangal  arti- 
culations. Occasionally,  two  exi.-t  behind  the 
condyles  of  the   femur,  in   the    tendons   of   the 

>nemii    muscles.     A  considerable  i  - 
moideura  is  a!>->  met  with  in  the  tendon  of  the 

'I'll-  >e    bones   are  i imonly 

round,  and  flattened  only  on  one  surface,  which 
is  incrusted  with    cartilage.     Their  size  is  very 
variable,  according  to  the  joints  in  which  they 
exist.     Traces    of  sesamoid   bones   are   not    oh- 
.  in  infants:  in  them,  they  are  replaced  by 
•mall,  cartilaginous   concretions.     They  are  de- 
I    by  a    single  i>"iiit  of  ossification:   and 
are.  like  the   patella  (which  is  :i  true  sesamoid 
of    much    cellular   substance, 
1  by  a  thin  layer  of  compact   tissue.     The 
is, — to  allow  the  tendon  to  be 
1  into  the  lever  at  a  greater  angle  j  and 
thus   enable   the   power   to   act   more   advanta- 
geously. 

in  has  given  the  name  0**n  rsraatoi 
two  bony  points  sometimes  met  with;  —  the  one 
at  the  outer  Bide  of  the  carotid  canal  of  the  tem- 
poral bone;  and  the  other  at  the  edge  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  at  the  Bide  of  the  internal  caro- 
tid art-  ry. 

3  IMUM,  see  Sesamum  orientale. 
lmi  m  Orirnta'i  f.  S,  edn'll  sen  oleiferum 
sea    In'dieu  Oily  Grain,  (F.)    v 

Jugenline.  Ord.  Bignoniacea).  The  seeds  of  this 
African  plant  are  cultivated  in  Georgia  and  South 
Carolina,  whore  the  negroes  use  them  with  Indian 
earn  as  an  article  of  food.  They  yield  a  larger 
proportion  of  oil  than  any  other  vegetable  ;  one 
hundred  weight  producing  ninety  pounds  of  oil, 
which  is.  at  least,  equal  to  Florence  oil. 

Si  I'ami,  is  used  in  the  South- 
ern  States  as  a  laxative.     The  leaves — Sesami 
fulia,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — afford,  by  infusion,  an  excel- 
mucilage. 

QN'CTA,  Seequiun'eia,   Hemiol'ion.     An 
ounce  and  a  half.      See  Sesqui. 

SESELI,   Laserpitium    siler —  s.  JSgopodium, 

Ligusticura  podagraris  —  s.  Annuum,  S.  tortuo- 

sum  —  s.  Carum,  Carum — s.  Carvi,  Carum  —  s. 

Creticura,  Tordylium  officinale  —  s.  Poeniculifo- 

lium,  Sison  amnii — s.  Graveolens,  Apinm  grave- 

-a.  Meum,  JSthusa  meum  —  a.  Patens,  S. 

tortunsum — b.  Pretense,  Peucedanum  silaus —  s. 

icedanum  silaus. 

t.i  Toi'.rio'si  m.   S.  Maeailien'te"  seu  an'- 

tniiuii    sen    ),<ttrnx,    CEnttn'the    atria' ta    ri<j"idn, 

tfartutort  nf  blarneillee.     The  seeds  have  a  warm 

iter  degree    of  pungency  than 

L  18(  rpitium  siler,  which  is  the  Seseli  of 

the  Pharmacopoeias. 

SE8ELIS,  Laserpitium  siler,  Seseli. 
SKSQUI.     This  word,  joined  with  any  num- 
-ure,   Ac,  signifies    one    and  a 
quigranum,  'a  grain  and  a  half.' 
'  [UNCI  \.  Sescuncia. 
SETA     EQUI'NA,    'horse-hair.'      Hairworm, 
Helmin'thut  Oor'dii.      A  kind   id'  worm,  found  in 
Stagnant    water,   from    4    to  6  inches    long,   and 
!  into  various  knots  and  contortions;  <■"- 
lour   pale-brown,  with    dark    extremities.     It  is 
common  in    the   intestines    of  the    Laplanders : 
causing   tin-    Onl'iea    Lappon'iea,  in  which    the 

griping*  are,  Mt  times,  exc lingly  severe. 

SBTA'CEUM,  Seto,  >'■  ton,  fromeeto,  -a  bristle.' 
A  long  strip  of  fine  linen  or  cotton  twist,  passed 
through  the  skin  and  areolar  membrane,  tn  keep 
issue;  or  through  suppurating  cavities, 
-i  the  fragments  of  fractured  boi 
to  fulfil  certain  indications.  'I'll--  t.-rin  - 
applied  t->  the  issue  bo  established.  The  opera- 
tion is  simple.  If  consists  in  laying  hold  of  a 
fold  of  skin,  and  paaaing  a  seton-needle  through 
it,  with  the  thread  attached.     Every  day  a  fresh 


portion  of  the  thread  is  drawn   through  the  sore. 

shed    in    many   diseases;  —  in 

obstinate     ophthalmia,     cephalalgia  ;     epilepsy, 

and  abdominal  affections,  Ac;  but  they 

are  not  as  much  used  as  formerly. 

SI  r  \  K  l  A  ROCCELL  \.  Lichen  roccella. 

SETPAST,  -  e  Purunoulus, 

SETO,  Setacenm. 

SET<  ».\.  Setaceum. 

BETTERS  ORT,  Helleborua  foetidus. 

SEV  \M1.L  \.  Veratruin  sahadilla. 

SEVATIO,  Steatoma, 

"  i   /.'.  Sap. 
SEVENB  VKK,  Hydrangea  arborescens. 
S&VRAQE,  Weaning. 

SBVUM,  Pinguedo. 

Sbvum,  Sebum,  Sepmm,  Stear,  Adept  ovil'li, 
Sevmn  verveci'num.  Suet,  mutton  suet;  Pin- 
guedo. 

Si  vi  \t  l'i:  1  iaiw'tim,  Sevum  (Ph.  U.  S 
Ovil'li  Strum  Projpara'tum,  Prepared  Suet, 
(P.)  Oraieee  de  Mouton,  Suif,  is  formed  by 
cutting  suet  in  pieces;  melting  over  a  slow  lire, 
and  straining  through  linen.  It  is  emollient, 
and  is  sometimes  boiled  in  milk  (5ij  to  Oj), 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its 
principal  employment  is  in  the  formation  of 
plasters. 

Sri  i  m  Yri'Vi  -  !\i  m.  Sevum. 

SEX,    Sexua,    Qenoe,    Phyeie.      The   physical 
difference   between   male  and   female   in   animals 
and  vegetables: — as  the  Male  sex,  Sexne  po'tior 
sen  for'tior  seu   viri'lie  ;    and    the  Fema 
Sex>i8  seq'uior,   S.   mulie'brie,  Alter  Sexua,  '  The 

SKXTANS,  from  sexto*,  'the  sixth;'  Sexto. 
j,drx  libra.     The  sixth  part  of  a  pound. — Galen. 

SEXTA'RIUS.  Same  etymon.  An  ancient 
measure  for  liquid  and  solid  substances;  the 
sixth  part  of  a  congius.  See  Weights  and  Mea- 
sures. 

SEX'TULA.  Same  etymon.  Hexa'gium,  't^a- 
yiov.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

BEX'UAL,  Sexua' li a,  from  nexus,  'sex.'  That 
which  relates  to  the  sex;  which  characterizes  the 
sex. 

Sexual  Diseases,  Morbi  sr.run'les,  are  the  dis- 
eases of  the  genital  organs;  as  Sexual  Func- 
tions are  the  genital  functions. 

Sexual  Intercourse,  Coition  —  s.  Organs, 
Genital  organs. 

SEXUS,  Sex  — s.  Alter,  see  Sex  — s.  Fortior, 
see  Sex  —  s.  Muliebris,  see  Sex  —  s.  Potior,  see 
Sex  —  s.  Sequior,  see  Sex  —  s.  Virilis,  see  Sex. 

SEYDSCHUTZ  WATER,  Seidschiitz  water. 

SHACKLE.  Carpus. 

SHACKLE-HAMMED,  see  Chemosooliosis. 

SHADDOCK.  The  fruit  of  Oitrttt  decu'mano, 
called  after  the  captain  of  a  vessel  who  first  took 
it  .to  the  West  Indies  from  China.  It  is  large; 
hut  interior  to  the  orange  in  flavour.  It  keeps, 
however,  longer;  and,  hence,  is  useful  on  long 
voyages. 

SHAKERS,  see  Convirfrionnaire. 

SHA  K  ES,  Intermittent. 

SHAKING,  Intermittent,  see  lligor. 

SHALLOT,  Eohalotte. 

SHAMPOO'ING,  Champooing,  Maeeing,  (F.) 
Masaage,  Maeeement.  A  Hindoo  process,  which 
consist!  in  pressing  the  body  of  the  bather  in  a 

peculiar    manner;    cracking    the    various    joints, 
and  employing  blows  and  friction. 
'Kneading'   consists    in    pressing   alternately 

upon  a  par»  ,,i'  the  body  to  arouse  the  muscles  lo 
tio  action.     It  is  employed  at  times 
in  dyspi 

SHAMROCK,  INDIAN,  Trillium  latifulium— 

s.  Water,  Men  van!  lies  vet  mi. 


S  II  A  N  K  E  R 


838 


S  ICC  HA  SI  A 


SUANKER,  Chancre. 

SHANNON  DALE  SALINE  SPRINGS. 
Those  arc  within  a  few  miles  of  Charlestown, 
Jefferson  County,  Virginia.  They  are  mildly 
aperient  and  diuretic. 

SHARON  SPRINGS,  NEW  YORK.  These 
springs,  which  are  situate  about  10  or  12  miles 
south  of  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  and  45  miles  west 
of  Albany,  are  much  frequented.  They  contain, 
according  to  the  analysis  of  Dr.  Chilton,  sulphate 
of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  magnesium,  sulphohydrate  of  sodium, 
sulphohydrate  of  calcium,  vegetable  extractive 
matter,  and  free  sulphohydric  acid  gas.  Their 
temperature  is  48°  Fahr. 

SHEATH.  Vagina. 

SHEDDING  OF  THE  TEETH,  see  Dentition. 

SHEEP   POISON,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

SHELLBARK,  see  Hickory. 

SHELL  FLOWER,  Trillium  latifolium  —  s. 
Liquid,  see  Calcis  murias  —  s.  Membrane,  Mein- 
brana  testae. 

SHEPHERD'S  PURSE,  Thlaspi  bursa— s. 
Sun  dial,  Anagallis  arvensis. 

SHERBET, "Scherbet— s.  Orange,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii. 

SHERMAN'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
lozenges,  Sherman's. 

SHERRY.  Sack,  see  Wine. 

SHIELD-BONE.  Scapula. 

SHIELD,  WATER.  Nelumbium  luteum. 

SHILDER,  Humerus. 

SHIN,  0' erect,  Crista  tib'ia.  Sax.  rcina.  The 
spine  or  anterior  part  of  the  tibia  or  leg.  It  is, 
also,  called  Anticne'mion,  and  Crea. 

SHINBONE,  Tibia. 

SHINGLES,  Herpes  zoster. 

SHINLEAF,  Pyroln. 

SHINLOCK,  Brassica  eruca. 

SHIP  FEVER,  see  Typhus. 

SHITABED,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

SHIVERING,  see  Rigor. 

SHOCK,  see  Concussion. 

Seock,  Nervous,  Vital  Shock,  Vital  Depres- 
sion. Xerrous  Depression,  Fatal  Sinking.  Sudden 
or  instantaneous  depression  of  organic,  nervous, 
or  vital  power,  often  with  more  or  less  perturba- 
tion of  body  and  mind,  passing  either  into  reac- 
tion, or  into  fatal  sinking,  occasioned  by  the 
nature,  severity  or  extent  of  injury,  or  by  an 
overwhelming  moral  calamity. — Copland. 

Shock.  Vital,  Shock,  nervous. 

SHOOT,  Crick-in- the-neck. 

SHORT,  Sax.  rceopr,  from  rcinan,  'to  cut,  to 
shear,'  shored,  shor'd.  short,  (F.)  Court.  A  word 
used,  by  anatomists,  in  opposition  to  long  ;  and 
to  distinguish  parts  from  each  other  that  have 
otherwise  the  same  name. 

Short  Bonks,  for  example,  are  those  in  which 
the  three  dimensions — length,  breadth,  and  thick- 
ness—  are  nearly  alike ;  such  are  the  vertebrae, 
bones  of  the  carpus,  tarsus,  &c. 

Short-of-Puff,  Short-winded  —  s<  Ribs,  see 
Costa. 

SHORTSIGHTED.  Mvopic. 

SHORTSIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

SHORTWINDED,  Pursy. 

SHOTBUSH,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SHOTT,  Pleurodynia. 

SHOULDER,  Humerus  — s.  Blade,  Scapula  — 
s.  Bone.  Humerus. 

SHOUP.  Haunch. 

SHOVEL  PICKEREL  WEED,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia  —  s.  Pond,  Unisema  del tifolia. 

SHOW,  see  Parturition. 

SHOW-CHOO.  see  Spirit. 

SHOWER-BATH,  see  Bath. 

SHRUB,  perhaps,  from  Arabic,  sharab.  'syrup.' 
A  compound  of  spirits,  lemon-juice,  and  sugar. 


Shrie,  Sweet,  Calycanthus — s.  Sweet-scented, 
Calycantbus. 

SHRUMP-SHOULDERED,  see  Hump. 
SHUD'DERING,  Frem'itns,  Phryag'ma,  from 

(G.)  Schauder,  Schauer,  (F.)  FrSmiegememt, 
j  Tressaillement.  A  peculiar  sensation,  felt  either 
externally  or  internally;  and  which  seems  to  he 
j  the  result  of  a  spasmodic  movement  of  the  parts 
in  which  it  occurs.  A  slight  feeling  of  Bold 
I  sometimes  accompanies  it.  It  is,  at  times,  the 
'  result  of  a  moral  cause,  and  is  often  the  precur- 
sor of  shivering. 

SHULL-BANE,  Humerus. 

SHU  MAC.  Rhus  coriaria. 

SIAGANTRI'TIS,  from  aiayw,  'the  jaw,' 
avrpov,  'a  cavity,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion". Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

SIAGON,  Maxillary  bone. 

SIAGO'NAGRA,  from  ctaywv,  'the  jaw,'  and 
aypa,  '  a  seizure.'  Arthri'tis  maxilla' ris.  A  gouty 
or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  joint  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

SIALACHUS.  Salivation. 

SIAL'AGOGUE,  Sialago'gus,  Sial'ogngne,  Pty- 
I  al'agngue,  Ftyaa'magogue,  Safi'vans,  Saliva'tnm, 
Sia/ocinet'icus,  Apophlegmat' isans  per  os,  (F.) 
Safivant ;  from  amXoi,  'saliva,'  and  ayin,  'I  ex- 
pel.' That  which  provokes  the  secretion  of 
saliva.  Pyrethrum  and  mercury  are  sialogogueg. 
Sialagogues  may  be  of  two  kinds,  those  which 
act  through  the  circulation,  and  those  which  act 
immediately  on  the  salivary  organs.  Mercury 
belongs  to  the  former,  —  pyrethrum  to  the  latter 
class.  The  chief  sialagogues  are  armoracia, 
calamus,  mezereum,  pyrethrum,  tabacum,  and 
zingiber. 

SIAL'ICA,  from  aiaXov,  'saliva.'  Medicines, 
which  affect  the  salivarv  glands. — Pereira. 

SIALISMUS,  Salivation. 

SIALOCINETICUS.  Sialagojrue. 

SIALOLITHI.  Calculi,  salivary. 

SIALOLOG"IA,  from  cia\ov,  'saliva,'  and 
\oyoi,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  saliva. 

SIALOMA.  Saliva. 

SIALON,  Saliva. 

SIALORRHGEA,  Salivation. 

SIALOS'CHESIS,  from  oia\ov,  'saliva,'  and 
traffic,  'retention.'  Retention  or  suppression  of 
the  saliva. 

SIALOSYRINGES,  Salivarv  fistula?. 

SIALOZEMIA,  Salivation  —  s.  Mercurialis, 
Salivation,  mercurial. 

SIAMESE  TWINS,  see  Twins,  Siamese. 

SIBARE,  Phrenitis. 

SIBBENS,  Sivrens,  Framboe'sia  Sco'tica.  An 
infectious  disease  in  the  mountainous  parts  of 
Scotland,  viewed  to  be  of  the  venereal  kind. 
Si>cin,  in  the  Keltic,  means  raspberry;  and  it  is 
said  that,  in  this  affection,  fungi  appear  like  rasp- 
berries. From  attain,  the  inhabitants  have  made 
sievin,  sibben,  sibbens,  and  sivrens.  By  some, 
this  affection  is  regarded  as  a  complication  of  the 
venereal  and  itch.  In  the  Orkneys,  sibbens  means 
itch.  —  Jamieson. 

SIB'ILANT,  Sib'ilus,  Sib'ilans,  from  sibifo,  'I 
hiss.  I  whistle.'  Making  a  hissing  or  whistling 
sound.     See  Rale  sibilant. 

SIBILISMUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SIBILUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SICCAN'TIA,  from  siccare,  'to  dry.'  Xerav'- 
tica,  (F.)  Siccatifs.  Drying  medicines.  See 
Desiccativa. 

SICCA  T/FS.  Siccantia. 

SICCATIO,  Drying. 

SICCHA'SIA.  ciKX<ivia.  'disgust.'  A  distress- 
ing disgust  for  food;  such  as  is  experienced  by 
women  with  child. 


SICILICUM 


8  3  9 


SILEXE   CRASSIFOLIA 


BTCIL'ICUM.     A  Roman  weight  of  about  two 
drachms. 

K,  Sax.   reoc.   ./ 

La  -.    Labo'rane,      1' 

Labouring   auder   dis    •-  ■ :     D 
,  '.   ///,   Ailing,    Dimtr'dered.     Stud   is 

ptatiun  in  old  English,  and  generally  in 
In  in  .-t  parti  of  the  United 
.  if  a  patient  is  affected  with  a  plight  indis- 
n,  be  is  said  to  be  tick  ;  if  with  one  more 
-   Baid  to  be  ill f  (Prov.)  bad.  badly. 
ind,  it  most  commonly  mean*,— -affected 
with  disorder  of  the  stomach,  or  nai 

k  person,  j£ger,  JEgru'U  t,     I'.     Valade, 

who  is  under  the  charge  of  a  physician  is  raid  to 

ttieut,  «»r  the  patient  of  the  physician.     At 

times,  hut  rarely,  patient  is  used  for  a  tick  per- 

ton  in  the  abstract. 

Sn  k  Stom  vi n.  Milk  Bickm 

KLY,  Morbo'tue,  Volt  h',1 1'nti'riiis.  A'fi/ti'- 
n/i<x,  .XiiKiti'rrus,  Noeo'det,  Ma  bote,  Mor'bulent, 
Vuhenltk'y,  I  Sc.)  Haugk,  |  F.  |  Maladif.  Subject  to 
be  >ick.  or  in  feeble  health.     Ailing. 

SICKNESS,     Disease,    Plague  —  a.    Falling, 
Epilepsy  — s.  .Mountain,  Puna  —  s.  River,  Milk 
sickness — s.  Sea.  Nausea  marina  —  s.  of  t lie  Sto- 
mach. Vomiting  —  s.  Swamp,  Milk  sickness. 
SICLI1  M.  Sicilicum. 

\.  Cupping 
SICULA,  Beta,  Penis. 
SICYEDON.  Cauledon. 
SIDA  ABUTILON.  Abutilon  Aricennse. 
SIDE,   P  MX   IN  THE,  Pleurodynia, 
SIDERATIO,    Sydera'tio,    8idera'tion,    from 
tithix,  tiderie,  'a  star:'  because  the  condition  was 
thought  to  be  produced  by  the  influence  of  the 
stars.     The  state  of  one  struck  suddenly,  without 
apparent  cause,  and  as  if  by  the  influence  of  the 
-  planets  —  Planet-etruck.     The    ancients 
comprised    under    this    name,    different    morbid 
conditions,  such  as  paralysis,  apoplexy,  and  gan- 
grene. 

Sidkratto,  Apoplexy,  Asphyxia,  Phrenitis  — 
s.  i  ■--  -.  Spina  ventosa. 

SIDERATION,  Astrobolismos,  Sideratio. 
SI  DE  RION,  Ferramentum. 
SIDERITES,  Magnet 

SIDERITIS.  Magnet,  Teucrium  chamsepitys. 
SIDER0KREN.fi,    Water,     mineral,     (chaly- 
■ 

SIDEROPEG.fi,  Water,  mineral  (chalybeate). 
SIDEROS,  Ferrura. 

6IDER0XYL0N,  Chrysophyllnm  cainito. 
SIDE  SADDLE-PL  \.\T.  Sarracenia, 
S!  DUES,  see  Gunjah. 

BIDMOUTH  (CLIMATE  OF).  Sid  mouth  is 
England,  on  the  sea -beach,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sid.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  both  during  the  rammer  and  winter. 
The  climate  is,  however,  damp,  and  subject  to 
sea  • 

•//•:.  Anus. 

LISM08,  Salivation. 
BIELON,  Saliva. 

SIEVE,  Bee  Cribration  —  s.  Drum,  see  Cribra- 
tion. 

SIFFLEMBNT (F.), from  tijffhr,  'to  whistle.' 
Whistling. 

SIFFLEMENT  VODULB',  Chant  det  artlret, 
Bruit  mimical,  'modulated  whistling,  or  music  of 
the  arteries.'  A  kind  of  sound  beard  on  auscub 
tiii resembling,  at  times,  the  bumming  of  cer- 
tain insects.  Various  musical  sound-.  (F.)  limit* 
mntieaiix,  are  described  from  fancied  resem- 
blances :  -as  Bruit  de  piault  went,  resembling  the 
clucking  of  the  hen;  —  Bruit  dt  fappement,  re- 
sembling the  barking  or  yelping  of  a  young 
dog, 


The  sound  is  chiefly  met  with  in  those  labour- 
ing under  chlorosis. 
BIG  MI.TIAN   SECTION,  Symphyseotomy. 

BIG  K.  Taciturnity. 

SIGH,  Buspirium. 

BIGHT,  Vision  —  s.  Askew,  Dysopta  lateralis 

B,  False,  Metaraorphopsie,  Pseudoblepsia  —  a, 
Feebleness  of,  Amblyopia. 

BIQILLUM  8ALAMONIS,  Oonvallaria  poly- 
gonatutn — s.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

SIGMATOID,  Sigmoid. 

SIGMOID,  Sigmta'd'al,  Sig'ntatoid,  8ig* 
Sigmo'dee,  Sigmoi'den* f    from   stoma   and 

ftO CO.1      That  which  has  the  form   of  the 
3  or  C. 

Sigmoid  Cartilaoks,  Semilunar  cartilages. 

SIGMOID  ('  Willi:-  or  FOBSJI  0?  TBI  Ul  WA,  (F.) 

Catfitit  on  Four*  tigmoidet,  are  two  notches  at 

the  upper  part  of  that  bone,  —  one  for  the 

tion  of  the  humerus;  the  other  for  that  of  the 
radius. 

Sigmoid  Flkxorr  of  thb  Colon.  Flexnfra 
mgmoVdea  sen  ili'ara,  is  a  turn  the  colon  tak<  a 
immediately  before  its  termination  in  the  re. ■turn. 

Sigmoid  Fossa  (of  the  temporal  bone), 
sigmoidea. 

Sigmoid  or  Semit.inar  Valves,  Valvule 
maiden,  Proree'ttu  SigmoVden,  (F.)  Valvule*  tiy- 
ma&de*  ou  temilnnairee,  are  three  valvular  folds, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  pulmonary  artery 
and  aorta.  These  valves  have  the  form  of  a 
crescent,  when  applied    against    the  parietes  of 

the  vessel.     When  the  bl 1    is    sent    from  the 

ventricles  by  their  contraction,  the  valves  are 
applied  against  the  sides  of  the  vessel;  l>ut. 
during  the  diastole  of  the  ventricle,  they  are  de- 
pressed, and  prevent  the  blood  from  returning  to 
the  heart.  At  the  middle  of  the  convexity  of 
each  valve  is  a  small,  hard,  triangular  granulum, 
called  CorpriH1  eulnm  seu  Oloh'ulu*  Aran'tii,  whb  h 
completely  closes  up  the  passage.  Tt  is,  al>", 
called  CnrpuMcvhim  Morgagn'ii  ami  C.  Setamoi- 
detim,  (F.)  Globule  aVArantiiw. 

BIGN,  St'gnum,  Semi'on,  (¥.)  Si;/»p.  Anv 
present  or  past  circumstance,  afforded  by  the  ex- 
amination of  a  patient,  or  of  matters  concerning 
him,  whence  a  conclnsion  may  l>e  drawn  regard- 
ing the  nature  and  seat  of  his  disease.  The  phe- 
nomena which  precede  the  disease  are  called  r?w- 
amnee'tic  or  comment' orative  tiign*  ;  —  those  which 
accompany  it  are  termed  diaguot'tic,  if  they 
reveal  the  nature  or  seat  of  the  disease,  —  prog- 
nostic, when  they  indicate  its  probable  duration 
and  termination.    Bee  Symptom. 

BIGN  \   tSSIDENTIA,  see  Assidens. 

BIG'NATURE,  Signatn'ra,  Signa'tio,  from 
ttignnm,  '  a  sign  :'  Epi*phagi*m'o».  This  term 
was  applied  in  the  Eastern  countries,  in  the 
middle  ages,  to  mystic  characters  of  good  or  bad 
augury,  with  which  it  was  pretended  that  every 
one  was  marked  by  the  star  under  which  lie  was 
born. 

SlGWATURKS   ok  PlAWTS  meant  certain  peculia- 
rities in  their  external  formation  or  colour,  which 
indicated  that  they  were  adapted  lor  particular 
is  : — as  in  the  case  of  the  Lungwort,  Liver- 
wort,  Ac. 

SI0NE8  A  VANT  C0UREUR8,  Precursory 
signs — •;.   Precurtenre,  Precursory  signs. 

BIGNUM,  see  Parturition  —  s.  Cbaracteristi- 
enm,  sec  Pathognomonic  —  s.  Conjunetnm,  see 
Pathognomonic — s.  Diaeritieum,  sec  Diacritiea 
si<rna  —  s.  Morbi  essentials,  see  Pathognomonic 

BILACH,  Sitae.     An    Arabic    word.    u>.-.\    to 
designate  thickening  of  the  eyelids,   Crat 
Palpebrarum/    and,  also,   Alopecia. —  Forestns, 
Stephanus. 

8TLBNCE,  nee  Murmur,  respiratory, 

BILENE  CRA8SIF0LIA,  Cucubalus  behen-t 


SILER  LAXCIFOLIUM 


40 


SIXGULTOUS 


s..  Inflate,  Cucubalus  behen  —  s.  Thorei,  Cucuba- 
lus  behen. 

SiLE'n'E  VlRGIN'lCA,  Ground  Pink,  Wild  Pink, 
Catch  Fly.  Ord.  Caryophyllaceae.  The  rout 
has  been  employed  in  decoction,  as  an  efficacious 
anthelmintic. 

Silknb  Pennsylvan'ica  probably  has  the  same 
properties. 

SILER    LAXCIFOLIUM,    Laserpitium    siler 

—  r.  Montanum,  Laserpitium  siler. 
SIL'IQUA,    Cera'tion  ;    the   carat.     A  weight 

of  about  four  grains.     A  pod. 

Siliqua  Arabic  A,  Tamarindas  —  s.  Araci  aro- 
inatici,  see  Vanilla  — s.  Banillse,  see  Vanilla — s. 
Dulcis,  Ceratonium  siliqua — s.  Vanigliae,  see  Va- 
nilla—  s.  Vanillism  see  Vanilla. 

SILIQUASTRUMPLIXILCapsicumannuuui. 

SILK,  Sericum. 

SILK  GRASS,  Yucca  filamentosa  —  s.  Weed, 
Asclepias  Sullivantii,  Asclepias  tuberosa — s.  Weed, 
common.  Asclepias  Syriaca  —  s.  Weed,  flesh-co- 
loured, Asclepias  incarnate  —  s.  Weed,  swamp, 
Asclepias  incarnate  —  s.  Worm,  see  Sericum. 

SILLOX,  Sulcus  —  s.  Horizontal  de  la  veine 
ombil it-ale,  see  Liver  —  s.  Transversale,  see  Liver 

—  s.  de  la  Veine  cave  inferieur,  see  Liver 
la   Veine  porte,  see  Liver. 

SfL  L  OXXEMEXT,  Segmentation. 

SILO,  Camus. 

SlLPHlUM,  Laserpitium. 

SlLPH'lUM  Lacixiatum,  Rosin  iceed,  Compass 
plant.  Polar  plant. 

SlLPHlUM  Perfolia'tum,  Cup  Plant,  Turpen- 
tine Sun  F/oicer,  and 

SlLPHlUM  Terebinthina'ceum,  Pra'irie  Bur- 
dock ;    Nat.    Order,    Composite? ;    indigenous    in 


BIMPLIST,  see  Simples. 

SIMULATED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

SIM  I  L  ATI  MORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 

SIMUS,  Camus. 

SINA  LEV ANTICA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SINAPELJE'ON,  from  aivairi,  '  mustard,'  and 
cXauv,  'oil.'     Oil  impregnated  with  mustard. 

SINAPI,  Sinapis. 

SIXA'PIS,  S.  nigra  sen  cer'nua  seu  Olive- 
ria'na,  Bras' rica  nigra,  Xapus,  Eru'ea,  Sina'pe, 
Sinn' pi,  Sine'pi,  Na'pium,  Napy,  Common  Black 
Mustard,  (F.)  Moutarde  noire  oil  griae,  St  neve, 
Sauve.  Ord.  Cruciferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradyna- 
mia  Siliquosa.  The  seeds  are  inodorous,  when 
entire  :  but,  when  bruised,  the  colour  is  very  pun- 
gem  ;  taste  bitterish  and  acrid.  They  yield  their 
virtues  to  water,  and  afford  a  bland  oil  by  expres- 
sion. The  seeds  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  emetic, 
and  rubefacient.  They  are  sometimes  recom- 
mended to  be  swallowed  whole,  in  dyspepsia,  tor- 
por of  the  bowels,  &c.  Externally,  they  are  ap- 
plied in  the  form  of  cataplasm.     See  Sinapism. 

Sinapis  Alba,  S.folio'ea,  Bonannia  ojffieina'lis, 
Xaj>ns  Leuco-sina'pis,  White  Mustard,  is  also  used 
de  '  medicinally.  It  is  somewhat  less  pungent  than 
the  black.  The  distilled  oil — Oleum  Sinapis— is 
a  powerful  stimulant  and  rubefacient.  In  the 
pharmacopoeias  of  the  United  States  and  London, 
Sinapis  is  the  seeds  of  Sinapis  nigra  and  Sinapis 
alba. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  Jfustarcl  consists  of  oil 
of  turpentine,  camphor,  and  a  portion  of  spirit  of 
Rosemary  :  to  which  is  added  a  small  quantity 
of  flour  of  mustard.  It  is  a  celebrated  embroca- 
tion for  rheumatism,  &c. 


Ohio  and  Michigan,  and  flowering  from  July  to  |  Whitehead's  Essence  of  Mustard  Pills  consist 
September;  yield  a  fragrant  gum  which  is  es-  of  yellow  resin  and  balsam  of  tolu  enough  to 
teemed  stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  make  into  pills. 


SILURUS  GLAXIS,  see  Ichthyocolla. 

SILUS,  Camus. 

SILVER,  Argentum — s.  Ammonio-chloride  of, 
see  Argentum  —  s.  Chloride  of,  see  Argentum  — 
s.  Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Cyanide  of,  see 
Argentum  —  s.  Cyanuret  of,  see  Argentum  —  s. 
Iodide  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  Ioduret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum. 

Silveb  Leaf,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

Silver,  Muriate  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Xitrate 
of,  Argenti  nitras  —  s.  Oxide  of,  see  Argentum. 

Silver  and  Ammonia,  Chloride  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum—  s.  and  Ammonia,  chloruret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum—  s.  and  Soda,  Hyposulphite  of,  Sodae  et 
argenti  hyposulphis. 

SILYBUM.  Carduus  marianus — s.  Maculatum, 
Carduus  marianus — s.  Marianum,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

SIMA'BA  CEDROX.  Xat.  Fam.  Simarubaceae. 


Mustard  Whey  is  made  by  taking  bruised  mus- 
tard seeds  ^ss,  and  milk  Oj.     Boil  together  until 
the  milk  is  curdled,  and  strain. 
This  whey  is  used  in  dropsy. 
Sinapis     Arven'sis,  S.  Timoria'na,    Charlock, 
Wild    Mustard,    GarJock,  ChcuUock,   Runsh,  (Sc.) 
\  Bunches.  Sca/dricks,  Skelloch.  Skellie.     The  seeds 
I  are  sometimes  substituted  for  black  mustard. 

Sinapis  Cer'nua.  Sinapis  —  s.  Eruca,  Brassica 

I  eruca — s.  Foliosa,  S.  alba — s.  Xisrra.  see  Sinapis 

i  alba  —  s.  Oliveriana,  Sinapis  —  s.  Tamoriana,  S. 

arvensis  —  s.  Tuberosa.  Brassica  rapa. 

SIXAPISTS,  Bole  Armenian. 

SIN'APISM,  Sinapis'mus,  from  sinapis,  'mus- 


apis  ntus,  from 
terd.'  A  cataplasm,  of  which  mustard  forms  the 
basis,  which  is  used  for  exciting  redness,  and 
!|  acting  as  a  counter-irritant.  It  is  prepared  by 
■  mixing  flour  of  mustard  and  vinegar  together  to 
!  the  due  consistence.  See  Cataplasma  sinapis. 
>IX'CIPUT,  Sinrip'ital  Region,  Syn'eiput, 
A  South  American  tree,  the  seeds  of  which —  i|  Uemicephalcp.' um.  The  French  use  it  synony- 
cedron  seeds  —  have  been  used  as  an  antidote  for  mously  with  vertex,  Mesocra'nium,  Mesocra'num. 
snake-bites.  They  have,  also,  been  proposed  in  ij  By  some,  it  is  applied  to  the  frontal  region  or  fore- 
mental  diseases  and  in  epilepsy.     The  scrapings  :'  part,  or  forehalf  of  the  cranium,  Hemicephal'ium, 


of  the  wood  have  been  used  as  a  substitute  for 
sulphate  of  quinia. 

Simaba  Quassioides,  Xima  quassioides. 

SIMAROUBA,  Quassia  simarouba  — s.  Bitter, 
Quassia  simarouba — s.  Faux,  Malpighia  mourella. 

SIMARUBA,  Quassia  simarouba. 

Simaruba  Officinalis,  Quassia  simarouba. 

SIMILATI0.  Assimilation. 

SIMITIUM,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

SIMO.  Camus. 

SIMOXEA  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

SIMQTR  ACHELUS.  Bvsauchen. 

SIMPLER'S  JOY,  Verbena  hastata. 

.-IMPLES.  Medicinal  herb*.  One  skilled  in 
simples  is  called  a  Simplist,  a  Rhizot'omist. 


Hemiceph'alum.  The  parietal  bones  have  been 
called  sincipital  bones,  Ossa  sincip'itis,  (F.)  Os 
du  sinciput. 

SfXDOX,  (TivSuv,  very  fine  linen.  A  small 
piece  of  rag%  or  round  pledget,  supported  by  a 
thread  at  the  middle,  and  introduced  into  the 
opening  in  the  cranium  made  bv  the  trephine. 

SIXEPI.  Sinapis. 

STXEW.  Tendon. 

SIXGLETOX-S  GOLDEX  OIXTMEXT  is 
formed  of  su'phuret  of  arsenic  (realgar,)  and  lard 
or  spermaceti  ointment. 

SIXGULT'OUS.  Lygmo'dcs.  Lygo'des,  Lyngo'- 
des,  Lynggo'des,  (F.)  Singultenx,  from  singultus, 
1  hiccough.'  Relating  to  or  affected  with  hic- 
U  cough. 


SINGULTUS 


841 


S  I  N  U  S 


SINGULTUS,  Lynx.  Lygmue,  Spa 
Clonus  seu  Pneueia  singultus,  Hiccough,  Hiccup, 

.  .  F.j 

A  noise   made  by  the  sudden  and   in- 

iry  contraction  <>f  the  diaphragm,  and  the 

-   contraction   of  the  glottis,   which 

the  air  in  the  trachea.     It   is  a  symptom 

of  many   morbid  conditions,    and   especially  of 

it    occurs,    frequently,    in    persona 

Otherwise  in  goo  1  health. 

[STRAD,  from  ainiater,  'to  the  left  hand." 
A  term  used  by  I>r.  Barclay,  adverbially,  to  sig- 
nify 'towards  the  sinistral  aspect.'      Soe  .Mesial. 
BINIS1  RAL  ASPE  sial 

BANKING,  FATAL,  Shock,  nervous. 
S1SUEUX,  Sinuous. 
BINUOSITAS,  Sinus. 

SIN  UOUS,  Sinuo'aua,  (F.1  iSVnuenx,  from  ainua, 
'  :\  bay  or  curve.'  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
ulcers,  and  especially  to  certaiu  fistulas  which 
are  tori 

SINUS,  Sinuo'aitaa,   Cnlpoa,  Abacon'aiot  Eury- 

.    •  a    cavity.'      Any 

cavity,  the   interior    of  which    is   more  expanded 

than    the    entrance.       In    this    sense,    anatomists 

have  applied  the  term  to  cavities  in  certain  hones 

of  the  head  and  face.      It   has  been,  also,  applied 

tin   venous  canals,  into   which  a  number 

pty  themselves;   such  as  the  sinuses 

of  the  dura  mater  and  of  the  spine:   the  sinus  of 

the  vena  porta;   uterine  sinuses,  &c. ; — and  to  the 

In    surgery,   it  means  a  loner,  narrow,  hollow 
track,  leading  from  some  abeeeM,  diseased  bone, 
rpier. 
Sinuses  of  bones  form  part  of  the  nasal  cavi- 
I  bey  are   the   frontal,    sphenoidal,   maxil- 
The  name  has  also  been  given,  occa- 
sionally, to  the  ethmoid  and  mastoid  cells. 

8  IN  l' 8    ACUSTICU8,    Auditory   canal,   internal  — 
■,  Ampullaceus,  Cavitas  elliptica  —  s.  Aortici,  Si- 
:  Valsalva — s.  Arteriosus.  S. pulmonalis — 
s.  Basilar.  Sinus  trans  versus — s.  Cavemeux,  Caver- 
uus— s.  Cavernosi  uteri.  Sinus  nterini — s. 
iosus,   Cavernous   sinus  —  s.  Cerebri,   Ven- 
tricle- of  the  brain — *.  Choroidien,  S.  quartos  — 
s.  Circular,  id'  Ridley,  Sinus  coronariufl  —  s.  Cir- 
cularis.  S.  coronarius  —  s.  Communis,   see  Semi- 
circular canals — «.  Cvronuire  du  cuur,  see   Car- 
diac veins. 

-  Corona'rius,  &  eircula'ria  seu  tn'reu- 
h'ria  Rid' ley i,  Circular  xi:ui«  of  Ridley, ( ■or'onary 
aiuu*.  A  venous  canal,  which  surrounds,  in  a 
more  or  less  regular  manner,  the  pituitary  fossa 
ami  gland,  emptying  itself  into  the  corresponding 
Cavernous  sinus  by  each  of  its   extremities. 

Bini  b,  Coronary,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Coro- 
nary of  the  heart.  Sinus  coronary,  venous. 

Sims  CORONARY,  Vknuis,  Coronary  sinus  of 
the  /'<-  in  t.  A  name  given,  on  account  of  its  greal 
Bise,  to  that  portion  of  the  great  coronary  vein 
which  embraces  the  left  auriculo-ventricular  fur- 
row. 

Binds  Cox  ■,  see  Cotyloid — ».  Droit,  S.  quartus. 

-  Dextrr  Cordis,  8.  vena'rum  eava'rum 
to'aua,    Saccua    vena' rum  eava'mm.      The 

ri_rht  auricle  of  the  heart:  —  A'trtUtn  cordis  dex- 
truux.      Sec  Auricula. 

Sim  BBS  OV  THB   DURA    ftfATBR,  .V.  sou   Fis'tula 

ivita'tea  seu     Ventric'uli  sen    Tu'buli   sen 

Sauguiduc'tua  sen  Receptac'ula  Dunr  matria,  are 

i  oy  a  separation  of  the    layers  of  the  dura 

mater,  which  acts  as  a  substitute  for  the  outer 
membrane  of  veins.  Bichat  admits  only  four 
great  linages,  of  which  all  the  others  seem  to  be 
lenoies; —  the  two  lateral  sinn***,  the 
straight  ximi*.  and  the  longitudinal  ainua.  To 
the  lateral  sinu-es  belong,  —  the  petroua  ainuaca, 
superior  and  inferior;  the  (ra)Mverte  ainua;  the 


cavernous  sinuses  j  the  coronary  sinus,  and  tho 
occipital  sinuses.     To  the  straight  sinus  b 

rior  longitudinal.    The  longitudinal  sinus, 

properly  so  called,  has  no  sinus  under  its  depend* 
• 
mm  -  Falciporitis  Ijipbrior,  S.  longitudinal, 
inferior — s.  Falciformis  superior,  S.  longitudinal, 
superior — s.  Fourth,  Torcular  Herophili — s.  Genss 
pituitarius,  Antrum  of  Highmore — s.  of  the  Jugu- 
lar vein,   see  Jugular  veins  —  s.  Lacry malis,  l.a- 

obrymaJ  sac  —  s.  Laetiferus,  see  Lactiferou 

sols. 

Sim  sis  of  tiik  Larynx,  Ventricles  of  tho 
larynx. 

:.  \r'ri:  w  .  Sinut  transmr'si,  8.  mogni, 
S,  latera'lee,  (V.)  Sinus  latfraux.  Each  of  these 
sinuses,  distinguished  into  right  and  left,  begins 
at  the  torcular  Herophili  or  continence  of  the 
sinuses,  and  terminates  at  the  sinus  of  the  jugular 

SINUS  LATJSRAUX,  Sinnses,  lateral. 
Sinobrs,    Longitu'dinal,  8.    Longitudina'lee. 

ue  two  in  number.  1.  SUPERIOR  LONGI- 
TUDINAL Sims,  8.  /aim 'for1 'mia  superior  sen  trion- 
gula'ria,  Sinn*  midian,  (Ch.)     A  long,  triangular 

canal;  convex  above,  concave  below;  which  oc- 
cupies the  whole  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  falx 
Cerebri.  It  is  broad  behind,  and  much  narrower 
before,  where  it  commences  by  a  cul-de-aae,  at 
the  crista  galli  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  It  passes 
along  the  frontal  orcoron.il  crest,  sagittal  suture, 
and  the  vertical  groove  of  the  occipital  hone.  It 
receives  several  veins  from  the  dura  mater:  and 
all  those  that  are  spread  over  the  convex  and 
plain  surfaces  of  the  two  hemispheres  of  tho 
brain.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  torcular  Herophili.  2.  Inpbrior  Longi- 
tudinal Sims,  8. /alci/or'mis  inferior,  Vena 
falcia  ri  r'tln-i.  This  is  much  narrower  than  the 
last,  and  occupies  the  inferior  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebri,  from  its  anterior  third  to  the  tentorium 
eerebelli,  where  it  terminates,  commonly  by  two 
branches,  in  the  straight  sinus. 

SlNUS  M  IGNI,  Sinuses,  lateral — s.  Maxillary, 
Antrum  of  Highmore —  h.  Midion,  Sinus  longi- 
tudinal superior  —  S.  .Median,  see  Semicircular 
canals  —  s.  Muliehri-,  Vagina. 

Sims,  Oc'cip'itai.,  Sinua  occipita'lie.  These 
sinuses  commence  at  the  sides  of  the  foramen 
magnum  OSSis  OCCipitis,  and  ascend —becoming 
broader  and  nearer  each  other  —  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  falx  eerebelli,  where  they  frequently 
unite.  Bach  opens  into  the  inferior  part  of  the 
torcular  Herophili.  They  receive  the  veins  of 
the  falx  eerebelli,  of  the  dura  mater  which  lines 
the  fossa1  eerebelli.  and  of  the  posterior  part  id' 
the  cerebellum.  Haller  and  Soemmering  have 
given  them  the  name  of  posterior  occipital  sinuses, 
to  distinguish  them  from  the  transverse  sinus, 
which  they  have  called  anterior  occipital  sinus. 

Sims  OCCIPITALIS  ANTERIOR,  Sinus  transver- 
sus— s.  Ophthalmic,  see  Cavernous  sinus — g.  Per- 
pendicularis,  S.  quartos  —  s.  Ovatus,  see  Crista 
vestibuli — s.  Pituitarii  frontis,  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Pocularis,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts— s.  Polymorphic, 
Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Portarum,  see  Liver  —  s. 
Prostata?,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts  —  g.  Pudendi, 
Vagina  —  s.  Pudoris,  Vagina,  Vulva  —  s.  Pulmo- 
nale--, Sinu-es  of  Valsah  a. 

Sims    PuLMONA'LIS,  8.  sinis'U  r  cordia 
iiu'riim  pulinona'linm  sen  arU 


in' I  in  hi,  A'trium  eordi 


Saccua  Vi  - 


The  left  auricle  of  the  heart.      See  Auricula. 
Sims  OV  THB   PULMONARY  VbINB,   Ami 
Sims    QuARTUS,   8.   perpendienfa'ris,   Straight 

ainua,    !'.  I  Sinus  choroidien  (Ch.),  Sinus  droit.  This 

sinus — triangular  throughout;  wide  posteriorly; 
narrower  anteriorly  :  slightly  oblique  downwards 

and  backwards  —  passes  along  the  base  of  the  fulx 


SIPEERI 


842 


SI  TZ  BATH 


cerebri,  from  the  termination  of  the  inferior  lon- 
gitudinal sinus  to  the  torcular  Heropbili.  It  re- 
ceives the  interior  longitudinal  sinus,  the  veins 
of  the  lateral  ventricles  or  vena  Galeni,  the  supe- 
rior cerebellou8  veins.  &c 

SlKUS  Renim,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — B.  Rhom- 
boideus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain — s.  Rotundus, 
see  Crista  vestibuli  —  s.  of  the  Septum  lucidum, 
Ventricle,  fifth — s.  Sinister  cordis,  S.  pulmonalis 
— s.  Sphenoidalis,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Straight, 
S.  quartos  —  s.  Superciliares,  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Terminalia,  Circulus  venosus  —  s.  Transvcrsi, 
Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sines  T kansver'sus,  S.  occipitalis  ante'rior, 
Bas'ilar  shuts.  This  sinus  lies  transversely  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  basilary  process  of  the 
occipital  bone.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  two  petrous  sinuses,  and  the  cavernous 
sinus  of  one  side,  and  those  of  the  other.  Its 
breadth  is  commonly  very  great.  It  is  situate 
between  two  layers  of  the  dura  mater,  and  pre- 
sents, internally,  a  kind  of  cavernous  tissue. 

Sinus  Triangularis,  S.  longitudinal,  superior 
—  s.  Urogenitalis,  Urogenital  sinus. 

Sinus,  Uteri 'nf,  S.  caverno'si  U'teri,  U'terine 
sinuses.  A  name  given  to  cavities,  formed  by 
the  uterine  veins  in  the  substance  of  the  uterine 
parietes.     The}'  are  very  large  during  pregnancy. 

SlMUS  Utriculosus,  see  Semicircular  canals — 
s.  des  Vaisseaux  semiui 'feres,  Corpus  High m or i. 

Sinuses  of  Vaesal'va  are  three  depressions 
in  the  aorta — Sinus  cwr'tici, — and  pulmonary  ar- 
tery —  Sinus  puhnona'les  —  immediately  opposite 
the  semilunar  valves.  Their  use  is  to  leave  the 
edges  of  the  valves  free,  so  that  they  can  be 
caught  by  the  refluent  blood.  Where  the  aorta 
is  about  to  send  off  the  first  of  its  large  branches, 
at  the  top  of  the  thorax,  it  is  of  great  size,  and 
has  been  called  the  Large  sinus  of  Valsalva. 

Sinus  of  the  Vena  Cava,  Auricle,  right  —  s. 
Venarum  cavarum.  S.  dexter  cordis — s.  Venarum 
pulmonalium,  S.  pulmonalis — s.  Venosus,  S.  dex- 
ter cordis. 

Sl'NUSES,  Ver'tebraL,  (F.)  Sinus  vertebrau.r. 
Two  great  venous  sinuses,  different  from  those  of 
the  dura  mater,  which  extend  the  whole  length 
of  the  vertebral  canal,  from  the  occipital  foramen 
to  the  end  of  the  sacrum,  behind  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebra?,  before  the  dura  mater,  and  at  the  sides 
of  the  posterior  vertebral  ligament.  At  their  in- 
ner side  they  communicate  with  each  other  by 
means  of  branches,  which  form  true  transverse 
sinuses.  They  are  situate  at  the  middle  of  the 
body  of  each  vertebra,  passing  under  the  posterior 
vertebral  ligament.  They  receive,  at  their  mid- 
dle part,  the  veins  that  arise  in  the  spongy  tissue 
of  the  vertebrae.  Ry  their  external  side,  the  ver- 
tebral sinuses  communicate  with  the  posterior 
branches  of  the  vertebral,  intercostal,  and  lum- 
bar veins.  At  their  posterior  side  they  receive 
the  veins,  which  creep  on  the  prolongation  of  the 
dura  mater  that  envelops  the  marrow. 

Sixes  Vul.vm,  Rima  vulvae. 

SIPEERI.  Rebeeru. 

SIPEERIXE,  see  Bebeeru. 

SIPIIAR,  Peritoneum. 

SIPHILIS,  Syphilis. 

SIPIIITA,  Somnambulism — s.  Prava,  Chorea. 

SIPHO,  Siphon  — s.  Urinre,  Diabetes. 

SIPHON,  Sipho.  (Ttiuv.  'a  tube.'  A  bent  tube, 
whose  limbs  are  of  unequal  length,  employed  in 
pharmacy  for  transferring  liquids  from  one  vessel 
to  another.  With  this  view,  the  shorter  limb  is 
plunged  into  the  liquid  :  and  air  is  sucked  from 
the  extremity  of  the  lower  limb.  The  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere  forces  the  fluid  through  the 
tube:  and  the  flow  will  continue  as  long  as  the 
extremity  of  the  longer  limb  is  below  the  level 


of  the   fluid   in   which   the   shorter  limb  is  im- 
mersed. 

An  exhausting  syringe  is,  at  times,  attached  to 
the  longer  extremity  of  the  siphon,  by  means  of 
which  the  air  can  be  drawn  from  it. 

Siphon,  Plunging.  An  instrument,  used  in 
pharmacy  for  obtaining  a  specimen, — at  tiroes,  a 
measured  specimen,  —  of  any  liquid.  With  this 
view,  the  instrument  is  immersed  into  liquid,  and 
allowed  to  remain  there  until  full.  The  opening 
at  the  top  is  then  closed  with  the  thumb:  and 
the  contents,  thus  removed,  are  allowed  to  flow 
out  by  removing  the  thumb  and  permitting  the 
entrance  of  air.      It  is  a  form  of  the  pipette. 

SIPHONIA  CAHUCHU,  see  Caoutchouc  —  s. 
Elastica.  see  Caoutchouc. 

SIPHUNCULUS,  Syringe. 

SIRA.  Orpiment. 

SIRENS.  Symmeles. 

SIRIASIS,   Coup  ile  Snleil,  Insolation.  Fhre- 
I  nitis  —  s.  A3gyptiaea,  Coup  de  Saleil. 

SIRIUM  MYRTIFOLIUM,  Santalum  album. 

SIRIUS,  Canicula. 

SIROP,  Syrup — s.  de  Cnpillaire,  see  Adiantum 
eapillus  veneris  —  s.  de  Coralline,  see  Coralliua 
Corsicana — s.  Simple,  Mel  despumatum. 

SIRUP,  Syrup. 

SISOX  AMMI.^/di'w  amtni,  Cnid'ium  tenni- 
fo'lium,  Pimpinella  laterifo' iia,  Ses'eli  foenieuH- 
fo'livm.  Ord.  Umbellit'erae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  The  plant  that  affords  the 
Ainiiii  vervm  of  the  shops;  (F.)  Ammi  des  Bum- 
tiques.  The  seeds  —  Senifn  Am'mios  cretici  seu 
veri  —  were  once  used  as  a  carminative. 

SlSON  Amo'mvm,  (F.)  Amome  faux,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  excitant  and  diuretic.  It  is  the  field 
honewort. 

Sison  Anisum,  rimpinella  anisum  —  s.  Poda- 
graria,  Ligustieum  podagraria. 

SISTENS,  Epischeticus. 

SISYMERIUM  ALLIARIA.  Alliaria— s.  Rar- 
barea,  Erysimum  bar  bar  ea — s.  Erucastrum,  Eras- 
siea  eruca — s.  Menthastrum,  Mentha  aquatica. 

Sisym'britm  Nastur'tium,  Nasturtium  aqvat*~ 
icum  seu  ojfficina'le,  Laver  odora'tum,  Cratevef- 
si  urn,  Cressi,  Cardami'ne  fonta'na  seu  nastnr'tiwm. 
Water  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  de  fontaine.  Ord. 
Crueiferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa. 
AVater-cresses  are  commonly  used  in  salad.  They 
have  obtained  a  place  in  the  materia  medica  for 
their  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Sisymbrium  Officinale,  Erysimum  —  s.  Par- 
viflorum,  S.  sophia. 

Sisymbrium  So'phia,  S.  parvijlo'rum,  Herb 
Sophia,  Sophia  Chirurgo'rnm,  Flix  or  Flux  need, 
(F.)  S«>/e**e  del  Ohirurgiens.  It  was  once  re- 
puted to  be  anthelmintic,  and  valuable  in  hyste- 
rical affections.      It  is  not  used. 

Other  species  of  Nasturtium,  as  N.  Paees'tre. 
Marsh  water-cress;  and  N.  Amphib'iem.  Water- 
radish,  possess  similar  virtues  with  Nasturtium 
officinale. 

SISYRIN'CHIUM  BERMUDIA'NUM,  Blve- 
ei/ed  Lib/.  Phi/sic  or  Scurvy  grass;  indigenous; 
Order,  Iridacea?  ;  flowering  from  June  to  August. 
Used  as  a  cathartic  by  the  Thompsonians.  A 
decoction  of  the  root  is  acrid  and  cathartic. 

SITICULOSUS,  Dipsodes,  see  Alterative. 

SITIENS,  Dipsodes. 

SITES,  Thirst  —  s.  Intensa,  Polydipsia — s. 
Morbosa,  Polydipsia, 

SITKA.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  See  Arch- 
angel. New,  mineral  waters  of. 

SITOS,  Aliment. 

SITUS  ALIENUS,  Ectopia— s.  Anomalos  seu 
perversus  intestinorum,  Splanchnectopia — s.  Mu- 
tatus,  Ectopia,  see  Monster  —  s.  Perversus,   Ec- 
topia. 
[|      SITZRATH,  see  Rath,  half. 


SIUM 


8  18 


S MALL AGE 


SIUM,  S.  nodSJJo'rum  sen  angvstifu'li 

Iirr'nln  S«'U    •  l    iiui'xiiin,   A'piltm    hi'iuii, 

il  ia' ill  tun  nodi/io'rum,  JBeiJula  angnsti/o'lia, 

ping    11'.'/.  It   no- 

• i    I.  UuibelliferaB.     Sex.    v     t,   Pentan- 

D  sjynia.     It  is  stimulant,  and  supposed  t«» 

be  diuretic  and  lithontriptic.     It  i.-,  sometimes, 

i  ed  in  cutaneous  eruptions. 

i  mm.  S.  Dodiflorum — s.  Apium, 

Apium  graveolens- — s.  Bcruln,  S.  nodiflorum  —  s. 

Bulbocastanum,  Bunium  bulbocastanum — s.  Car- 

vi.  Caruni — s.  Erectuui,  S.  nodiflorum — s.  Graveo- 

imi  grnreolens — s.  [ncisum,  S.  nodiflorum. 

Sum   Latifo'lium  is  the  common   Watt 

I  the  United  State.'.     It  is  Baid  bo  be  poi- 
■ 

r.r\  Ci:F:.     The  root  is  eaten  by  the  Che- 

-.    It  has  an  agreeable  nutty  flavour.    By 

Rat,     The 

us  roots  of  Cicuta  virosa,  C.  inaculata,  and 

0.   bulbifera,  are  often  mistaken  for  it.  —  Sir  J. 

Richard 

Sum    NlNSL      The    plant  whose   root   IS   called 

.   Niitzin,   Mudsiii.      This  rout  was 

ipposed  to  be  the  same  as  ginseng,  and  it 

•   s  similar,  though  weaker  properties.     See 

pchinseng. 

i  Nodiflorum,  Sium — s.  Silaus,  Peuoeda- 
mim  -ilaus. 

Sli  m   Sis'ARUM,  Skirret,  (F.)  Chervi,  Oirole,  is 
id  in  Europe;  and  has  been  thought 
a  useful  diet  in  chest  h flections. 

Bn  M  Vulgare,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 
BIVVEN,  Rubus  idseus. 
BIVVENS,  Sibl 
BKAW,  Scall. 

LY.  Strabismus. 
BKELE  i'l  \.  Emaciation. 
BKELETOL'OGY,  Sceletolog"ia,  (F.)  SqueUt- 
iii,  and  Xoyo$,  'a  discoure 
on   the   Bolid   parts   of  the   body.     This 
part    of    anatomy    comprehends    Osteologg   and 
•  tiiiolni/i/. 
SK  EL'ET*  IN,  -s  5     '■  ton,  Cadax 

Old   En g.  and  Prov.)  At'omy,  Anatf- 

-  ,.ic/,  tie,   Charpente  osse- 

TKeXeroi,  'dried  up,'  from  otAAw,  'I  dry.')    A 

dried    body.      The  of   the   hard   parts 

of  the  body,  or  the   b       is.      A  skeleton  is  found 

in  almost  all  animals,  although  it  may  not  always 

be  formed  in  the   same   manner.      In   some,  a-    in 

the  Crustacea  and  testacea,  it  is  wholly  or  partly 

eton,  Dermo- skeleton.   In  others. 

IB  in   birds,   the   mammalia,  tic.,  it  is   internal, 

Bndo-skeleton,    Neuro-skeleton.      It    serves    as    a 

support    for    other   organs.      On    it    the    general 

shape    of    the    body    and    of   its    various    parts    is 

greatly  dependent.      When    the   bones   are  united 

r  natural  ligaments,  the  skeleton  is  said  bo 

$cel'etnm  natura'le;  when  articulated 

-.  artificial  or  articulated,  SccV- 

etitm  artifiein'fS. 

BKELET0P03'IA,    8a  'etopce'a,     Sceleteu'sis, 
from   skeleton,  and  meu,  'I  make.'      The   part  of 
practical  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  preparation 
of    bones,    and    the    Bonstmetion    of   skeletons. 
are  prepared  to  exhibit  their  conformation, 
structure,  chymical  o  imposition,  mode  of  develop- 
ment, and  cl  different  cavities  formed 
by  their  union  ;  and  bo  demonstrate  their  eonnex- 
les  of  union, 
SKELLIE,  Sinapis  arvensis,  Strabismus. 

ELLOCH,  Sinapis  arvensis. 
BK  EVISCH,  Erigeron   Philadelpbicum. 
SKRVISH,  FLEABANE,   Erigeron  Philadel- 
pbicnm. 
SKEW  SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 
SKI  Capsule,  renal. 

SKIN-BIND,  Induration  of  the  cellular  ti.-.-ue. 


SKIN"  BOUND  DISEASE,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 

-KIN.  SCARF,  Epidermis, 

6  1\  I  \  -TIC  HI'.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue* 

SKIOM  \<  III  \.  Sciomschy. 

SK  I  R  1!  ET,  Sium  sisarum. 

SKIRRU1  S.  S.irrhus. 

SKIRSE,  S.irrhus. 

SKITTER,  Diarrhoea. 

BROKE,  Phytolacca  decandra, 

BKOLEMORA  FERNAMBUCENSIS,  Qeof- 
frsea  \  ermifuga. 

BKOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

SK  I   i:  SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKH  LL,  Cranium. 

BK1  LL-CAP,  Calvaria,  Scutellaria  galericu- 
lata  —  s.  Cap,  maddng,  Scutellaria  latcrifolia. 

SKUNK-CABBAGE,  Draeontium  Fcetidum. 

SKUNK-WEED,  Draeontium  fcetidum. 

BLAB,  Torticollis. 

BLABBERING,  Blavering. 

SLATE.  [RISH,  Hibernieus  lapis. 

SLATERS,  Onisci  aselli. 

BLATKAIA    Tl:  \V  \.  see  Spirit. 

BL  IV'ERING,  Slab'bering,  Slob'bering,  Driv'- 
ellixij,  (Old  E.)  Pirtling,  from  saliva.  Ptyali*'- 
mux  fliers,  (F.J  Bave.  Involuntary  How  of  saliva, 
from  sluggishness  of  deglutition,  without  in- 
creased secretion.  It  is  seen  in  the  infant,  the 
aged,  and  the  idiot. 

SLEEP,  Sax.  plep  •  Somnu*,  Sompmtt,  S'>j><>r, 
Dortnit"io,  EFypnos,  ( F. )  Sommeil.  Temporary 
interruption  of  our  relations  with  external  objects. 
A  repose  of  the  organs  of  .-ense,  intellectual  facul- 
ties, and  voluntary  motion. 

The  act  of  quitting  this  condition  is  called 
awaking,  (F.)  Evigilation,  RSveil.  Sometimes  this 
is  progressive  and  natural;  at  others,  sudden  and 
Btarting;  (F. )  ll>  >■<  il  en  tursant, — as  in  nightmare, 
affections  of  the  heart,  hypochondriasis,  Ac 

Sli  i  i',  Magnbt'ic,  Hypno'eie  biotnagnet'ica,  is 
j>  induced  by  the  so-called  animal  mag- 
netism.     See  Magnetism,  animal. 

Si  bep,  Nkrvohs,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

SLEEPLESSNESS,  Insomnia. 

SLEEP-WALKING,  Somnambulism. 

SLIACS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sliaea 
is  a  favourite  bathing-place  in  Hungary,  a  few 
miles  from  Neusohl.  Some  of  the  waters  are. 
cold;  others,  thermal:  the  former  are  carbonated 
chalybeates ;  the  latter  are  much  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  thermal  BpringS  in  general. 

SLIDING    OF  TIIK   FLAP,  see  Flap. 

SLIEVE-FISH,  Sepia, 

SLING,  (G.)  Sohlinge,  Mitel' la,  Jfit'rium, 
(F.)  Echarpe.  A  bandage  employed  to  keep  the 
forearm  bent  on  the  arm.  in  cases  of  injury  dons 
to  those  parts,  in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  injury 
of  the  hands,  Ac.  A  handkerchief  is  often  suffi- 
cient for  this  purpose.  It  must  be  folded  dia- 
gonally, and  be  tied,  by  the  extremities,  round 
the  neck.  The  French  surgeons  have  used  many 
varieties  of  Echarpes  or  sling*  j  as  the  Grande 
feharpe,JSeharp*  moyenne.  Petite  fcharpe,  Echarpe 
de  J.  L.  Petit,  Ac. 

SLIPPERS,  Iinpatiens. 

SLIT  AM)  TAIL  BANDAGE,  Invaginated 
bandage. 

SLOBBERING,  Slavering. 

BLOE,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

BLOE-TREE,  Prunua  Bpinosa. 

BLOKE,  GREEN,  Uiva  latissima, 

BLOUGH,  Eschar. 

SLOVEN  w<m>i>.  Artemisia  abrotanum, 

BLOWS,  Milk-sickness, 

SLUG,   Li  max  — s.  Sea,   liivhc  da  M>r. 

-I.i  MBER.  Somnolency. 

.-.MALL AGE,  Apium  graveolens. 


SMALL-POX 


844 


SNUFFLES 


SMALL-POX,  Variola— s.  Modified,  Varioloid. 

SMALT,  Protox'ide  of  Cobalt,  Smaltum,  Sa/re, 

Zaffre,  Aznr,  Blue  Starch.     This  oxyd  has  been 

given  in  rheumatism,  in  the  dose  of  ten  to  twenty 

grains.     A  larger  quantity  excites  vomiting. 

BMARAG'DUS,  cfiap^og,  (F.)  Mtaeraude. 
The  emerald.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a 
tonic. 

SMARTWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper,  P. 
punctatum. 

SMECTICA,  Detergents. 
SMECTIS,  Ciinolia  terra. 
SMECTRIS,  Cimolia  terra. 
SMEGMA,  (Titiiyna,  from  a/irj^av,  'to  wipe,  to 
rub  off.'     Soap,  grease,  a  salve,  a  liniment.     Also, 
the  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Smegma  Articulare,  Synovia  —  s.  Cutaneum, 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

Smegma  Pr^epu'tii,  Sebum  prapntia'le.  The 
fatty  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
glans  penis. 

'  SMEGMATORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 
SMEGMORRHCEA.  Stearrhoea. 
SMELL.  SENSE  OF,  Olfaction. 
SMELLING,  Olfaction. 

SMELLOME'S  OINTMENT  FOR  THE 
EYES,  Ceratum  resinaa. 

SMILACI'NA  RACEMO'SA,  False  Spike- 
nard; indigenous;  Orel.  Liliaceae ;  is  said  to  be 
alterative,  diuretic  and  diaphoretic. 

SMILAX,  ajii\a^,  Taxus  baccata  —  s.  Aspera 
Chinensis,  Smilax  China  —  s.  Aspera  Peruviana, 
Sinilax  sarsaparilla — s.  Canelhefolia,  S.  pseudo- 
China. 

Smilax  China,  S.  as' pern  Chinen'aia.  Ord. 
Smilaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia  Hexandria.  The 
root — Cln'na,  Ch.  orienta'lis  seu  pondero'aa  seu 
vera,  Sandra,  Gauquava,  China  root,  (F.)  Squine, 
Esquive,  Racine  de  Chine.  Formerly  much  used 
in  cutaneous  and  venereal  affections. 

Smilax  Glalca;  indigenous;  has  similar  vir-  I 
tues  to  those  of  S.  Sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  HedervEfolia,  S.  pseudo-China — s. 
Indica  Sninosa,  Smilax  pseudo-China  —  s.  Offici- 
nalis, Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  Pseudo-China,  S.  Tn'dica  apino'sa  seu 
caneUa-fo'lia  seu  hedercefo'lia,  China  occidenta'lis 
seu  spu'rin  nodo'sn,  American  or  West  India 
China.  In  scrofulous  disorders,  the  root  has 
been  often  preferred  to  the  oriental  kind.  In 
other  cases,  it  possesses  simiiar  virtues. 

Smilax  Sarsaparil'la,  S.  officinalis,  Sarsa- 
paril'la, Sartaparil'la,  Smilax  as'pera  Peruvia'- 
va,  Sarza,  Sarsa,  Carivillan'di,  Iva  Pecan'ga, 
Macapatfi,  Zarsa,  Zarzaparil'la,  (F.)  Salsepa- 
v<-iUe.  The  root  of  this  and  other  species  of 
Smilax  is  inodorous  :  taste  bitterish,  feculaceous, 
and  fibrous;  of  a  dark  colour  externally;  white 
within.  It  is  possessed  of  diuretic  and  demulcent 
properties,  and  has  been  often  employed  in  the 
sequelae  of  syphilis;  when,  after  a  mercurial 
course,  nocturnal  pains,  ulcerations,  &c,  continue. 
It  has,  also,  been  advised  in  scrofula,  chronic 
rheumatism,  &c. ;  but  its  efficacy  is,  to  say  the 
least  of  it,  a  matter  of  doubt.  Dose,  ^j  t0  3J 
of  the  powder. 

It  is  obtained  from  Honduras,  Brazil,  and 
Peru  —  the  varieties  being  called  respectively, 
Honduras,  (F.)  Salsepareille  de  Honduras  ;  Bra- 
zil, (F.)  S.  de  Bresil  ou  de  Portugal,  and  Peru- 
vian Sarsaparilla,  (F.)  S.  de  Peron  ou  caraque. 
Smilax  Tamnoides  ;  indigenous;  has  similar 
properties. 

SMILE,  07*1X17.  A  curved,  two-edged  bistoury. 
A  knife. 

SMILE  ON,  Scalpel. 
SMIT,  see  Contagion. 


SMTTTLE,  see  Contagious. 

SMYRNA.  Mvrrha. 

SMYRNISMOS,  Embalming. 

SMYR'NIUM  OLUSA'TRUM,  Smyr'nium, 
from  afivpva,  'myrrh,'  the  odour  of  the  seeds  re- 
sembling that  of  myrrh  ;  Hipposeli'num,  J/ace- 
ro'na,  Macedonia' i um,  Herba  Alexandri'na,  Gri'- 
elum,  Agrioseli'num,  Alexanders,  Alsanders.  A 
plant  formerly  cultivated  for  culinary  purposes. 
The  seeds  are  bitter  and  aromatic,  and  the  roots 
more  powerfully  bitter.  They  have  been  recom- 
mended as  resolvents,  diuretics,  emmenagogues, 
<tc. 

SNAGGLE-TEETH,  Odontoparallaxis. 

SNAGREL,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

SNAIL.  Limax— s.  Shell,  Cochlea. 

SNAKEHEAD,  Chelone  glabra. 

SNAKEROOT,  Garuleum  bipinnatum  —  s. 
Bifthwort,  Aristolochia  serpentaria — s.  Black, 
Acttea  racemosa,  Sanicula  Marilandica  —  s.  But- 
ton, Eryngium  aquaticum,  Liatris  spicata  —  s. 
Canada,  Asaruin  Canadense — s.  Dcwitt,  Prenan- 
thes  —  s.  Evergreen,  Polygala  paucifolia — s. 
Heart,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Virginiana,  Aris- 
tolochia serpentaria  —  s.  White,  Eupatorium  age- 
ratoides. 

SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  He- 
lenium  autumnale,  Polygonum  bistorta — s.  Ame- 
rican. Cicnta  macula ta. 

SNEEZING,  from  Sax.  niepan,  (G.)Niesen, 
(probably  an  example  of  onomatopceia,)  Clonus 
Sternuta'tio,  Sternuta'tio,  Sternutamen'tum,  Ster- 
numen'tum,  Ptarmos,  (Sc.)  Neesing,  (F.)  Eternue- 
ment.  A  convulsive  motion  of  the  expiratory 
muscles,  by  which  the  air  is  driven  rapidly,  and 
rushes  sonorously,  through  the  nasal  fossae,  car- 
rying with  it  the  mucus  and  foreign  bodies  which 
adhere  to  the  pituitary  membrane,  and  have  occa- 
sioned the  movement. 

SNEEZEWORT,  Achillea  ptarmica,  Helenium 
autumnale. 

SNIRRELS,  Nares. 

SNOB.  Nasal  mucus. 

SNORING,  Snore,  (Sax.)  mora,  Ehenchus, 
Renchns,  Ehenxis,  Eonchus,  Ehonchus,  Stertor, 
(Sc.)  Rotating  (probably  a  case  of  onomatopoeia), 
(F.)  Eonflement.  Noise  made  in  the  posterior 
part  of  the  mouth  and  nasal  fossae  during  the 
j  movements  of  inspiration,  particularly  in  sleep, 
j  both  when  the  person  is  in  health,  and  in  disease, 
as  in  apoplexy.  In  certain  affections  of  the 
chest  —  in  some  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  — a 
kind  of  snoring  may  be  distinctly  heard  by  ap- 
plying the  ear  or  the  stethoscope  to  the  chest. 

SNOT,  Nasal  mucus. 

SNOTH,  Nasal  mucus. 

SNOUT,  Nasus. 

SNOW,  Sax.  rna>,  Nix,  Chinn,  (F.)  Neige. 
Water  in  a  solid  state,  which  falls  from  the  at- 
mosphere in  white  flakes.  It  is  used  externally 
as  a  tonic  and  discutient. 

SNOWBALL,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

SNOWBERRY,  Symphoricarpus  racemosus. 

SNOWDROP  TREE,  Chionantbus  Virginica. 

SNOW-BLINDNESS,  Blindness  produced  by 
the  reflection  of  the  solar  light  from  snow.  As  a 
preventive,  Snow  Eyes  are  used  by  the  Esqui- 
maux. These  are  made  of  extremely  light  wood, 
with  a  bridge  resting  on  the  nose  like  spectacles, 
and  a  narrow  slit  for  the  passage  of  the  light. 

SNOW  EYES,  see  Snow  Blindness. 

SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pulvis  asari  composi- 
tus. 

SNUFFLES,  Teut.  Snuffeln  (probably  an 
example  of  onomatopceia),  Grave' do  neonato'rum, 
Ehinan'gia,  Ehinanch'one.  Breathing  hard 
through  the  nose,  often  owing  to  accumulation 
of  the  mucous  secretions, — an  affection  to  which 


SXURLE 


84  5 


SODA 


infants  are  liable,  and  which  is  relieved  bj oiling 
the  interior  of  the  nostrils. 
/a. 
BNURL1  - 

!*.  Sapo  —  s.    '. 

!•  Berries,  Sap'mdua  Baponaria. 
.  Kim  k.  see  Sapo — s.  Castile,  Sapodnrns. 
...  Coco  i-ni  i  Oil, 

Sapo  —  s.  Liquid, 
-  b.  Spanish, 
iurus — s.  >  Supo. 

IPWORT,  Saponaria. 

reopian.  '  to  grieve,'  (probably 
tmple  of  onomab  |  Sanglot.     A 

lie,  sudden,  and  momentary  contraction 
of  the  diaphragm,  immediately  followed  l>y  re- 
n,  by   which    the    little    air,  that   the  con- 
traction has  caused  to  enter  the  chest,  i>  driven 
out  with  noise.     It  is  an  evidence  of  corporeal  or 
mental  suffering. 
BOBBY,  Corpulent 
SOBOLES,  Epigone. 
SOBR  i E  I'AS,  Temperance. 

\  P  ^ROTIDIS,  Bee  Parotid. 
SOCI'ETY,  >  i  i'etas,  (P.)  Sociiti,  from  sociux, 
'a  companion.'    An  association  lor  the  promotion 
of  some  common  object 

Medical.  Associations  of  medical 
gentlemen  for  the  promotion  of  science  have  been 
numerous,  and  productive  of  valuable  results. 
In  the  United  States,  societies  exist  in  many  of 
the  States,  possessing  the  power  of  examining 
into  the  qualifications  of  every  one  who  may  lie 
desirous  of  practising  within  their  particular  ju- 
risdiction. In  some  of  the  States,  however,  the 
qualified  and  unqualified  are  permitted  (■ 

■  ir  profession    with   equal    privileges  and 
immunities. 

Amongst    the   medical   associations   that  have 
Issued    from    time   to    time   useful    transactions  or 
publications,  are   the  following:    In  AMERICA, — 
The    Massachusetts    Medical   Society;   the    Phy- 
edicnl,  and   Medical  Societies  of  the  State 
<,/  X>  w   York  ;  the  College  of  Physician*  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  the  American  Medical  Association. 
rope,  — The  Association  of    Fellows  and 
f  tlin  King's  a ii<l  Queen's  College  of 
ans  of   In  hind:  the  Medico- Chi  rurgical 
and   Phrenological    \  'nburgh  :  the 

of  Physicians,    the    Medico- Chirurgica I 
iical  and  the  Sydenham  Societies  of  Lon- 
don :    the   Associated  Apothecaries  and    Surgeon 
of  England  and  Wales,  and  the  Pro- 
lical  "iid  Surgical  Association  :  the 
[cadi  my  <>/'  Surgery,  tin'  Royal  Society  <>/' 
■  '<'  Midicale  d*  Emulation,  the 
de  Mfdecine,  the  Royal  Academy  of  Medi- 
.'',-  Midicale  d, Observation,  and  the 
de  Biologie,  of  Paris;  the  Medico- Chi rur- 

■i  of  Vienna  ;  the  Medical  > 
'.i  and  Copenhagen,  Ac,  Ac.      I\  Asia, — 
The  Medical  mid  Physical  Society  of  Calcutta. 
Valuable  medical  essays  are  likewise  contained 
Transactions  of  tlie  A> 
Philosophical    Society;    the    Royal  Sociel 
London,  Edinburgh,  Odttingen,  e\c.  \    the  Imperial 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris  ;  the  Imperial  So- 
ciety of  Sciences  of  St.   Petersburg  mid    Vienna; 
\\,  ••    Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of   Turin:  the 
i  ia  Imperialis   Leopoldina  Natura  Curio- 
sornm, 

IRDIA,  Hallucination. 
BODA.     An  Arabic  word.     Protox'ide  of  so- 
-  obtained  by  adding  caustic 
wion  of  carbonate  of  soda.    The  soda 
•  "ii  may  be  obtained   by  evaporation  as 
hydrate  of  soda.   Its  action  is  like  that  of  ] 
but  it  i«  not  officinal. 

Soda    impu'ra,   Baril'la,  Barig'lia,  Baril'lorf 


Soda  Hispan'ica,  Ana'tron,  Natron,  Ana' ton, 
Nitrum  Antiquo'rum,  AY//,,  Aphroni'tmw,  Sal 
altali'nus  Jixusfos'silis,  Car'bonas  S<>d([  im'pu- 
in*,  Subcar'bonas  Soda  impu'ra, Anachron.  Tie 
mineral  alkali  is  obtained  from  several  sources; 
—  naturally,  in  Egypt:  artificially,  from  the  in- 
cineration of  marine  plants:  and  from  the  de- 
composition  of  sulphate  of  soda,  Ac.  It  is  prin- 
cipally, however,  derived  from  plants  growing  on 
the  sea-coast ;  —  as  the  Salso'la  sati'va,  S.  soda, 
S.  tragus,  Salicor'uia  herba'i  •  >i,  Snlicomia  Arab'- 
The  Barilla  nsh,*  are  from  the  ashei 
of  the  Salicor'uia  Europa'a :  the  Kelp,  Sanded? 
i,  from  the  Futms  vesiculo'sus  and  other 
varieties; — the  Turkey  Barilla,  Roquttte,  Cendre 
iln  Levant, Rochet' ta  Alexandri'na, from  the  Me- 
sembryan'themum  Cop'ticum ;  —  the  Al'ieant  lin- 
rilla,Soda  Alicanti'na  Ben  .  from  the  Me- 

eembryan'themnn  nodi/lo'ruM; — and  the  Carlhu- 
.       -  Barilla,  from  the  Salicor'nia  and  Salso'la. 
Impure  Buboar Donate  of  soda,  (F.)  Sonde  du 
commerce,  consists  of  Bubcarbonate  of  soda,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  Bodium,  day  and  other  earthy 
substances.     It  is  chiefly  used  for  preparing  the 
pure  Bubcarbonate. 
Soda,  Cardialgia,  Cephalalgia,  Pyi 
Soda    Aceta'ta,  Soda    Ace'tas,    Ac"etate  of 
Soda,  Terra  folia' ta  miner  a' lis,  (F.)  AcitaU  dt 
sonde.    This  salt  is  used  in  similar  eases  with  the 
acetate  of  pi 

Soda  A b rata,  Soda?  carbonas  —  s.  Alonensis, 
Soda — s.  Biborate  of.  Borax  —  b.  Bicarbonate  i  f, 
Soda;  carbonas — s.  Pilate  of,  Picromel — b.  Borate 
of.  Boras — s.  Boraxata,  Borax. 

Soda,  Car'bonate  op,  Soda  Car'bonas  ecu 
Bicar'bonas,  Carbonas  Na'tricum,  Soda  Aera'ta, 
Bicar'bonate  of  Soda,  Carbonate  of  protox'ide  of 
Sodium,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Sonde,  S.  effervescente 
on  lu'rce  ou  crayense.  [Soda  subcarb.  tt>j,  aqua 
destill.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  Bubcarbonate  of  soda, 
and  pass  carbonic  acid  through  the  solution  :  set 
it  aside  to  crystallize.)  Its  use  is  the  same  as  the 
Bubcarbonate,  than  which  it  is  less  caustic,  and 
better  adapted  for  effervescing  draughts. 

i  Cai  'STICA,  Protox'idt  of  So'dium,  Cans- 
tic  Soda,  (F.)  Sonde  caustique,  S.  d  In  Chaux, 
Sonde  pure.  The  impure  Bubcarbonate,  treated 
by  quicklime,  and  consequently  deprived  of  its 
carbonic  acid.  It  may  be  used  as  a  caustic  like 
the  Potassafusa,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it,  as 
it  does  not  deliquesce  and  run 

Soda,  Chloride  op,  S.  Chlorina'ta,  Soda  Chlo'- 
ridum  seu  Chlornre'tum,  Chlo'rinnted  Soda,  X<<- 
irnm  Oxymuriat'icum,  Oxymu'riate  of  Soda,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Sonde,  Chfornre  d'oxide  de  Sodium. 
This  salt  is  used  as  a  disinfecting  agent;  both  to 
remove  offensive  smells  in  chambers,  and  to  al- 
ter the  condition  of  fetid  ulcers.  See  Liquor  Sodaa 
Chlorinate. 

Soda,  Chlorinated,  Soda,  chloride  of—  s.  His- 

panica.  Soda — s.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of. 

Soda,  ITvpoarLPH'iTE  or,  Sodcr  hyposulph'i*, 
posulfte  de  Sonde.     This    salt    bat 
lately  extolled   in  chronic  <  utnneous,  and   scrofu- 
lous affections.      It  is  given  in  syrup. 

.   LlTHATB  OP,   Irate  of  soda  — s.  Mephite 

of,  Soda,  Bubcarbonate  of. 

Soda,  Md'riatb  op,  S.  mnria'ta  Beu  mnriat'ica, 
Al'kali    miner  a' li   sali'num,    Soda1    murii 
com  inn' n  is  seu  culiiia'ris  scu  /on' tin  iii  sen  gemma 
seu  mari'nus  sen  albus  sen  foe' si  lis  sen   lu'cidum". 

Mn' fin,    Sill  eon   m  n  riu' I  n  m,    Xntiiun     miuiot'  ieiim, 

Hydrochlo'rinas   Na'tricus,   Chlornre'tum    So'dii, 

So'dii    Cli/o'i  id  II  III,    Common    soil.    Sin    soil.    Rock 

soli.  Bay  suit.  White  suit,  Quadrichlo'mrel  of  So- 
dium, Hydrochlo'rate  <d'  protox'ide  of  Sodium, 
Hydroehlo'rati  Sodium,  (V.) 

Chlorure  de  Sodium,   S- 1  murin,  S- 1  c/<    (divine. 


SODA 


846 


SOLANOID 


In  an  impure  state,  this  salt  is  one  of  the  most 
abundant  of  natural  productions.  It  is  soluble  in 
3  parts  of  water,  and  is  tonic,  purgative,  and  an- 
thelmintic. Externally,  stimulant.  It  is  a  well- 
known  and  useful  culinary  substance.  It  has 
been  greatly  recommended  as  an  antiperiodic  in 
the  dose  of  §ss  or  !|L 

Soda.  Nitrate  of,  Soda?  Nitras,  Natron  seu 
Natrum  ni'trieum,  Nitras  na'trieus,  Al'kali  mine- 
ra'le  nitru'tuui,  Nit  rum  Rhomboida'/e  seu  cu'bi- 
cum,  Nitras  Natricum,  Salpe'tra,  Nitrate  of  pro- 
tox'ide  of  Su'dium,  Protoni'trate  of  Sodium,  Cubic 
Nitre.  Its  virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  ni- 
trate of  potass,  for  which  it  has  been  substituted. 

Soda,  Oxymuriate  of,  Soda,  chloride  of. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  S.  Phosphora'ta,  Soda 
phos'phas,  Phosphas  Na'trieum,  Natrum  Oxphos- 
pTioro'des,  Sal  mirab'ile  perla'tnm,  Alkali  mine- 
ra'le  phosphor  a' turn,  Subphosphate  of  protox'ide 
of  Sodium,  Subprotophosphate  of  Sodium,  Sub- 
phos'phate  of  Soda,  Triba'sic  phosphate  of  Soda, 
Tasteless  purging  salt,  (F.)  Phosphate  de  Sonde, 
Set  admirable  perle.  (Bone  burnt  to  whiteness 
and  powdered,  tbx;  Sulphuric  acid,  tbvj  ;  Car- 
bonate of  soda,  q.  s.  Mix  the  bone  with  the 
acid  in  a  covered  vessel,  add  a  gallon  of  water, 
and  stir.  Digest  for  three  days,  occasionally 
adding  a  little  water  to  that  lost  by  evaporation, 
and  frequently  stirring  the  mixture.  Pour  in 
now  a  gallon  of  boiling  water,  and  strain  through 
linen,  gradually  adding  more  boiling  water,  until 
the  liquor  passes  nearly  tasteless.  Set  the  strained 
liquor  by,  that  the  dregs  may  subside  ;  from  which 
pour  off  the  clear  solution,  and  boil  down  to  a  gal- 
lon. To  this  solution,  poured  off  from  the  dregs 
and  heated  in  an  iron  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the 
carbonate  of  soda  previously  dissolved  in  hot 
water,  until  effervescence  ceases,  and  the  phos- 
phoric acid  is  completely  neutralized  ;  then  filter 
the  liquor,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Having 
removed  the  crystals,  add,  if  necessary,  a  small 
quantity  of  carbonate  of  soda  to  the  liquor,  so  as 
to  render  it  slightly  alkaline;  then  alternately 
evaporate  and  crystallize  so  long  as  crystals  are 
produced.  Lastly,  preserve  the  crystals  in  a  well 
stopped  bottle.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  j|ss  to  Jfj. 

Soda.  Phosphate  of,  tribasic,  S.  Phosphate 
of — s.  Powders,  see  Powders,  Soda — s.  Springs, 
see  Water,  Mineral  (gaseous). 

Soda,  Subcarb'onate  of.  Soda?  Subcarbonas, 
S.  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Natron  prcepara'tum, 
Sal  Soda?,  S.  al'kali,  Flos  Satis,  Sagi'men  Vitri, 
Salt  of  Soda  or  of  Barilla,  Subcarbonate  of  pro- 
tox'ide of  Sodium,  Mephite  of  Soda,  (F.)  Sous- 
carbonate  de  Sonde.  The  impure  carbonate,  dis- 
solved in  water:  the  solution  filtered  and  crys- 
tallized. Soluble  in  two  parts  of*  water  at  60°. 
It  is  much  used  as  an  antacid  :  and  also  as  a  deob- 
struent  in  scrofulous  and  other  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

The  dried-  Subcar'bonate  of  Soda,  Soda?  Sub- 
car'bonas  exsieca'ta,  Soda?  carbonas  exsicca'tus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Carbonas  Soda?  sieca'tum,  (F.)  Sous- 
cirbonate  de  Sonde  desseche,  is  employed  as  an 
antacid  and  lithontriptic.      Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 

Soda,  Subphosrhate  of,  S.  phosphate  of. 

Soda,  Sulphate  of,  Soda?  Sulphas,  Natron 
ritriola'tum,  Sal  cathar'ticuf  seu  mirab'ilis  Glau- 
be'ri,  Al'cali  minera'le  snlphu'ricum,  Natrum  sul- 
pha'ricnm,  Soda  vitriola'ta,  Sulphas  na'trieua, 
Ape'rient  Salt  of  Frederick,  Glauber's  Salts,  (F.) 
Sulfate  de  Sonde.  Obtained  from  the  salt  that 
remains  after  the  distillation  of  muriatic  acid  ; 
the  superabundant  acid  being  saturated  with  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda.  It  is  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  wafer  at  60°  ;  is  purgative,  and,  in  small  doses, 
diuretic.     Dose,  ^vj  to  %x. 

The  Lyminyton    Gluuber's  Salts  is  a  Sulphate 


the 

s 


of  Magnesia  and  Soda,  and  is  obtained  from  the 
mother  liquor  of  sea-water,  or  by  dissolving  Ep* 
som  salt  in  a  solution  of  Glauber's  salt. 

Soda,  Tartrate  ok,  Tartrate  of  potass  and 
Soda,  Tar'tarised  Soda,  llochelle  or  Seiyuette's 
Salt,  Soda  Tartariza'ta,  Sal  Rupellen'sis  seu  Po- 
li/ch  res'  turn  Seignet'ti  seu  Seignetti,  Natron  tarta- 
riza'tum,  Tartris  potas'sa?  et  Soda?,  Soda?  et  Po- 
tas'sa?  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Soda?  potassio-tar- 
tras,  Tartras  Potas'sa?  et  Soda?,(F.)  Tart  rait  depm 
tasse  et  de  Sonde.  (Soda?  carb.  u)i;  potass,  bitart. 
in  pulv.  ^xvj,  Aq.  bullient.  Ov.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  in  water;  and  add,  gradually 
bitartrate.  Filter  the  solution  and  crystallize 
Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is  a  gentle  cathartic.     Dose,  3 

to  Ei- 

Soda,  Urate  of,  Urate  of  Soda  —  s.  Vitrio- 
lata,  S.  sulphate  of. 

Soda  Water,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 
Soda  and    Silver,  Hyposulphite   of,  Sodse 
et  Argenti  Hyposulphis. 

Sod*:  Acetas,  Soda,  acetate  of — s.  Arsenias, 
:  Arseniate  of  soda — s.  Biboras,  Borax — s.  Bicar- 
I  bonas,  Soda,  carbonate  of — s.  Boras,  Borax  —  s. 
!  Boras  alcalesccns,  Borax — s.  Boras  supersaturus, 
Borax  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda, 
[subcarbonate    of — s.    Carbonas    exsieeatus,    see 
Soda,    subcarbonate    of — s.    Carbonas    impurus, 
Soda  —  s.  Chloras,   Soda,  chlorate  of  —  s.  Hypo- 
sulphis, Hyposulphite  of  soda  —  s.  Murias,  Soda, 
1  muriate  of — s.  Nitras,  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Phos- 
I  phas,  Soda,  phosphate  of  —  s.  et  Potassa?  tartras, 
I  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.   Potassio-tartras,  Soda,  tar- 
trate   of — s.  Subboras,  Borax  —  s.  Subcarbonas 
;  impura,  Soda. 

Sod.e  et  Argen'ti  Hyposulph'is,  HyposnlpV- 
ite  of  soda  and  silver,  (F. )  Hyposulphite  de 
Sonde  et  d' Argent.  This  salt  is  formed  by  pouring 
a  solution  of  hyposulphite  of  soda  over  oxide  of 
silver  recently  precipitated  by  potassa,  until  the 
oxide  is  entirely  dissolved.  Crystals  are  afforded 
by  evaporation.  A  solution  of  it  is  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  one  of  the  nitrate  of  silver. 

SODII  AURO-TERCHLORIDUM,  see  Gold 
I — s.  Chloridum,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure- 
'  turn,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

So'dii  Iod'idum,  I'odide  of  so'dium.  This  salt 
has  been  prescribed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
iodide  of  potassium. 

SO'DIUM,  Na'trium,  Natro'nium.  The  metal- 
lic basis  of  soda. 

Sodium,  Carbonate  of  Protoxide  of,  Sod» 
carbonas  —  s.  Chloride  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Ghlorure  de,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  CMorure  d' Ox- 
ide de,  Soda,  chloride  of — s.  Protonitrate  of, 
Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Protoxide  of,  Soda  —  s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  hydrochlorate  of.  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of.  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  phosphate  of,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  subcarbonate  of,  Soda,  subcarbonate 
of — s.  Quadri-chloruret  of,  Soda,  muriate  of  — 
s.  Subborate  of  protoxide  of,  Borax — s.  Subproto- 
borate  of,  Borax — s.  Subprotophosphate  of,  Soda, 
phosphate  of. 

SODOM  A  GALLORUM,  Syphilis. 
SODOMIA,  Buggery. 
SODOMY.  Buorgerv" 
SOFTENING,  Mollities. 
SOT-POUR-SOT,  Hoinceozygy. 
SOIE,  Sericum. 

SO  IF,  Thirst  —  ?.  Excessive,  Polydipsia. 
SOL,  Gold. 

SOL-LUNAR,  Sol-luna'ris ;  from  sol,  'the 
sun,' and  luna,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  fancied  influence  exerted  by  the  sun  and 
moon  on  man  in  a  state  of  health  and  disease. 

SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella 
anisum — s.  Scabiosorum,  Fumaria. 

SOL'ANOID,  Solandi'des  /  a  hybrid  word,  from 


SOL  AN  I'M 


84 


SO  LI DAGO 


i,  'the  potato,"  and   eitos,  'resemblance.' 

B    potato;    potato-like.      An     epithet 

applied  to  a  form  of  cancer,  which  appears  to  be 
intermediate  between  scirrhus  and  encepbaloid, 
increasing  more  rapidly  than  the  former,  yet  ap- 
proaching it  in  firmness. 

j     .  yrum  sen  vnfgn'ri  sen  vnlga'- 
tiim.  Co. Him, u  or  'in,'/'  ii  Nightshade,  (F.J  MoreUe 
d    fruit    iioir.      Family,    E 
l'entainiria  Monogyilia.     A  narcotic  poison.     The 

-  made,  by  macerating  in  oil, 
r.il  days,  the  leave-  and  fruit  of  this  plant, 
i  i.s  anodyne  and  diBcntient. 

mm     ('  IR0LINI  R'sI,     //  indi- 

The  juice   of  the    berries    lias    Keen  cin- 
,  {successfully  in  idiopathic  tetanus.  [?] 

ii  v  .  v .  S  -  ■"<■<■  ms  sea  ligno'- 
mi.i.  Dulcamara,  l>.  (It  ruo'sa,  Glycipi'cros,  Ama'- 
m  tin  .  of  Tbeophrastus,  Bittersweet, 

Wuinly  Nightshade,  Bitterttoeet   Nightshade,  Bit- 
Vine,    Nighi  i  .  .a  .    Violet    bloom, 

V .     /).,,....,    :  .,    Morells  grimpante,    \'ii/iie  de 
of  the  stalks  is  l>ittcr.  followed 
tnc-s:    hence  its  name.     It  has  been  used 
in    many   diseases,   as    a    diuretic    and    sudorific, 
lly  in   chronic  rheumatism,  humoral   asth- 
ma, dropsy,  various  skin  diseases,  scrofula,  and 
jaundice.      Dose,  in  powder.  *)j  to  JJJ. 

mm  Esculentum,  S.  tuberosum — b  F  - 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Furio.-um,  Atropa 
belladonna  —  s.  Hortense  nigrum,  Atropa  bella- 
donna— s.  Eumboldtii,  S.  Lycopersicum — b.  Le- 
thale,  Atropa  belladonna  —  s.  Lignosum,  S.  dul- 
camara. 

mm  Lycopbr'sicub  j  Ly coper* 8t'con  escu- 
lent'urn,  L.  pomum  amo'ris  sen  Bumbold'tii  sen 
'ycoper'aicutn,  Malum  lycoper'aicum,  Love- 
tipple  plant.  The  fruit  of  this,  called  Totna'ta, 
Tomato  or  Love-apple,  (F.)  Pomme  cTAmour,  is 
much  eaten  in  the  United  States:  and,  with  the 
French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  &C.,  forms  an  es- 

I  M   M   MvoNlM   VlROINl  AM  IB  II  t  FBRUM,  PliV- 

i    decandra  —  s.  Maniacum,  Atropa  bella- 

.  Datura  stramonium  —  b.  Melanocerasus, 
Atropa  belladonna. 

mm  Mblon'oena,  ifelongena,  Egg-plant, 
Mud  Apple  plant;  (F.J  AttecrytNe.     A  native  of 
.    and    America.      Its    oblong, 

i  fruit,  Ponum  Mtlon'genm,  Malum  insa'uum, 
i.-  prepared   in    soups   and   sauces   in    those   coun- 

like  tlie  tomata. 
Solan  on  Nigrum,  Solanum. 

LBUR  NlV'sUM.  A  South  African  plant, 
tlie  leaves  of  which,  applied  to  foul  ulcers,  cleanse 
them.  The  fresh  juice  of  the  berries  and  leaves, 
made  into  an  ointment  with  lard  or  fat,  i>  Used 
by  the  fanners  for  the  sane-  purpose. 

mm     1'  lbmbni  i:kii,     S.     tuberosum  —  s. 

:  dycopersicum,  S.   Lycopersioum  —  s   Qua- 

drifolium,  Paris  —  >.    Rueemosum   Americanum, 

Phytolacca  decandra. 

.mi    Sanctum;     Pal'estine    Nightshade. 

The  fruit  of  this   is  globular,  and   is   much   eaten 

in  the  countries  where  it  is  a  native. 
v m  m  S<  tNDi  n>.  S.  Dulcamara. 
mm  Tubebo'sum,  S.  fculen'tum  sou  Par- 
rii,  Lycoper'aicum  tubero'aum,  /'n/ms  Ami. 
.  I  '■    ,        A         ca'nua,  America' num    Tu- 
rn,   Buttn'ta     Virginia' na,    Bata'tas  :    the 

Pota'to,  (F.j  Pomme  de   Terre.    A  native  of  Peru. 

A  nutritious  and  wholesome  vegetable:  one  of 
-t  useful,  indeed,  that  exists.  One  bun- 
mnda   of  potatoes   afford  ten  pounds  of 

starch,  whicb  is  equal  to  arrow-root,  a-  a  nutrient 

and  demulcent  It  is  called  Point,,  Flour,  P. 
French  Sago,  PetitSayue,  Common  Arrow- 

root,  «tc. 


•urn  annuum  — 
carium.  Physalis. 

mm  Virginia 'num ;   indigenous;   is  .-aid 
sable  Solanum  nigrum  in  its  propei 

SOI    \M   M     \'l    I  G  -  Mill. 

IlR,    Sola'ria,    from    aol,  solis,   'the    Run. 
Relating  to  the  sun  ;  having  rays  like  the  sun. 

:    PLEXUS,  Plexus   tula' Ha,  Centrum  v,,m- 

inii'in-.     (  ',  r'thiiiiii    uliilmiiiint'"  .       \     collection    Of 

gangliona  and  filaments,  interweaving  and  anas- 
tomosing with  each  other  repeatedly,  and  belong- 
ing to  tiie  syste f  the  great  >\  mpathetio.    'I  bis 

vast  plexus,  lying  on  the  rertebral  column,  the 
aorta,  and  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm, 
very  irregular  shape.  The  ganglions  and  fila- 
oomposing  it  are  Boft,  reddish,  ana  almo«t 
all  issue  from  tlie  semilunar  ganglions,  ll  re- 
ceives, also,  branches  from  the  pueumogastrics. 
It  seems  to  be  chiefly  intended  for  the  aorta,  and 
accompanies  all  its  branches;  furnishing  many 
secondary  plexuses,  which  are  called  the  in/ra- 
diaphragmatic,  eatliae,  superior  mesenteric,  in- 
ferior   mesenteric,  renal  or   emulgent,  spermatic, 

Ac. 

SOLDANELLA,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

SOLDIER'S  WEED,  Matico. 

SOLE,  Solum,  S.  pedia,  Solid,  Basis  cor' poris, 
Fchnus,  SitjJtijir" it a  plania'ria  pedis,  Peti'ua, 
Veatig"ium,  Pe'dion,  Peso,  Pelma,  Planta'ris 
superficies  pedis,  Fa'cies  conca'va  Ben  in/e'rior 
sou  Planum  Beu  Concuvum  seu  Para  inferior  seu 
Planit"ies  seu  Plant  a  sen  Vola  pedis,  (F.)  Plants 
tin  Pied.  The  sole  of  the  foot;  the  uuder  sur- 
face of  the  foot. 

SOLEA,  Sole  —  s.  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

SOLE  AIRE,  Soleus. 

SOLEN,  Cradle,  see  Vertehral  column. 

SOLENA'RIUM,  from  owXi,*,  'a  canal,  a  pipe.' 
An  instrument  of  surgery,  representing  a  kind  of 
gutter,  in  the  cavity  of  which  the  penis  was 
placed,  like  a  limb  in  a  cradle.  The  word  Solen 
itself — cwXiiv,  Cana'lis  —  was  used,  in  antiquity, 
for  a  grooved  channel  or  cradle,  in  which  a  frac- 
tured limb  was  placed. 

SOLEN  OSTEM  MA  ARGEL,  Cynanchum 
olese  folium. 

SOLE' US,  Gastrocnemius  inter1  nus,  TibioeaU 
canien,  (Ch.:)  (F.)  SulSaire,  i'roui  solea,  'a  sole 
of  a  .-hoe.'  owing  to  its  shape.  A  muscle  situate 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
and  almost  oval ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  tlie  fibula,  to  the  oblique  line  on 
the  posterior  surface,  and  to  the  inner  edge  of  the 
tibia.  It  terminates,  below,  by  a  large  tendon, 
which  unites  to  that  of  the  gastrocnemius  e.x- 
ternus,  to  form  the  ten  do  Achillis.  This  muscle 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  conversely. 

SOLID,  Sol'idus,  Ste'reos,  from  solum,  'the 
ground.'  A  body  whose  integrant  molecules  are 
so  united  by  the  force  of  cohesion,  that  they  will 
not  separate  by  their  own  weight.  The  Bolids,  in 
'  the  human  body,  are  the  bones,  cartilag 
dons,  muscles,  ligaments,  arteries,  veins,  nerves, 
membranes,  skin.  Ac.  The  anatomy,  or  rather 
study  of  the  Bolids,  is  called  Stereol'ogy,  from 
i   artfittji.  'solid,'  and  XoyOf,  "a  discourse.' 

SOLIDA'GO,  from  solido,  'I  make  linn,'  in 
allusion  to  its  properties  as  a  vulnerary.  See 
Soli  dago  rigaurea. 

Solidaoo  Saracbnk  v.  s.  rirgaurea. 

SOLIDA'GO  Rie"lDA,  Rigid  Ooldenrod,  /.'■>/,,•,•' 
styptic i  indigenous;  of  the  Composite  fantily, 
lowering  in  August  and  September  :  i-  a-: 


and  tonic. 


Soi. in  \\;o  VlKG  \'  'REA,  S.  sulga'i 
r,  ,i' i,  a,  Virgo  aurt  a,  Het  bo  do'n  ••.  (  'omj  '  - 
mi,,. i,  Sym'phytum   Pet  res' urn,  Eli'chrysum,   Cuu- 
\sol'*sia,    Saracen' ica3    Q  'den    rod,    (F.J     I     ye 


SOLIDISM 


848 


SOLVENT 


d'or,  Iferbe  des  juifx.  The  leaves  of  Solida'go  ! 
odo'ra  —  Solid a'go  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  Fragrant  or 
Sweet-scented  Golden-rod  —  and  the  flowers  have 
been  recommended  as  aperients  and  tonics,  in 
urinary  diseases,  and  in  internal  hemorrhage. 
Soi.idago  Vulgaris,  S.  virgaurea. 
SOL'IDISM,  Patholog"ia  solida'ris.  The  doc- 
trine of  those  physicians  who  refer  all  diseases  to 
alterations  of  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  To  the 
believers  in  this  doctrine,  the  appellation  Sol'id- 
xsts  has  been  given.  The  solidists  think  that  the 
solids  alone  are  endowed  with  vital  properties ; 
that  they  alone  can  receive  the  impression  of 
morbific  agents,  and  be  the  seat  of  pathological 
phenomena.  Solidism  has  been  the  prevalent 
doctrine.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say,  that  in 
all  our  investigations,  the  condition  of  both  solids 
and  Quids  must  be  regarded. 

SOLIUM,  Baignoire,  Ta?nia  solium. 
SOLUBIL'ITY,  SolubiVitas,  from  solvere,  so- 
lutum,  «  to  dissolve.'     That  property  of  a  body  by 
virtue   of  which   it  can   be  dissolved  in  a  men- 
struum. 

TABLE    OP    THE    SOLUBILITY    OF    SOME    SUBSTANCES 
IN    WATER. 


NAMES   OF   SALTS. 


Acids. 

Benzoic 

Citric... 

Oxalic 

Tartaric 

Salts. 

Acetate  of  Potassa 

— Soda 

Bitnrtrate  of  Potassa 

Borate  of  Soda 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia . 

Magnesia.. 

—  Potassa.... 

Soda 

Chlorate  of  Potassa 

Soda 


Chloride  of  Calcium 

Magnesium. 

Potassium.., 

Sodium 

Muriate  of  Ammonia... 

Nitrate  of  Potassa 

Soda 


Phosphate  of  Soda 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia. 

Copper 

Iron 

Magnesia.. 

Potassa.... 

Soda  


Supersulphate  of  Potassa 

Tartrate  of  Potassa 

Potassa  and  Soda.. 

Antimony  &  Soda.. 


Solubility  in  100 

■parts  ivaier. 

at  60° 

at212° 

0-208 

4-17 

133 

200 

50 

100 

very  soluble 

100 

35 

1-5 

3-3 

8-4 

16-8 

50 

2 

25. 

50 

6 

40 

35 

35 

200 

100 

33 

35-42 

36-16 

33 

100 

14-25 

100 

33 

100 

25 

50 

50 

100 

25 

50 

50 

100 

100 

133 

6-25 

20 

37 

125 

5-0 

100 

25 

20 

C3 


SOLUM,  Sole— s.  Pedis,  Metatarsus,  Sole. 

SOLUTE,  Solution. 

SOLUTIO,  Solution  —  s.  Alexiteria  Gaubiana, 
Fee  Disinfection  —  s.  Ammonia?  subcarbonatis, 
Liquor  ammonia?  subcarbonatis  —  s.  Arsenicalis, 
Liquor  arsenicalis — s.  Arsenicata,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis— s.  Arsenitis  kalica?,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s. 
Calcis,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Camphoras  aetherea, 
Tinctura  a?therea  camphorata — s.  Cainphora? 
oleosa,  Linimentum  caruphora? —  s.  Continui,  So- 
lution of  continuity — s.  Cupri  ammoniati,  Liquor 
Cupri  ammoniati  —  s.  Ferri  nitratis,  Liquor  Ferri 
nitratis — s.  Guaiaci  gummosa.  Mistura  guaiaci — s. 
Muriatis  baryta?,  Baryta,  muriate  of — s.  Muriatis 
calcis.  see  Calcis  murias — s.  Muriatis  ferrici  aethe- 
rea,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulfurico-aethereus  ferri 
—  s.  Muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati.  Liquor  hy- 
drargyri  oxymuriatis — s.  Potassii  iodidi  iodureta, 
Liquor   iodini     compositus  —  s.   Resina?   guaiaci 


aquosa,  Mistura  guaiaci  —  s.  Solventis  Mineralis, 
Liquor  Arsenici  chloridi  —  s.  Subcarbonatis  am- 
moniaci  spirituosa,  Spiritus  ammonia?. 

Soldtio  Sulpha'tis  Cupri  Compos'ita,  Aqua 
vitriol'ica  cazru'lea,  Sydenham's  Styptic  Water, 
(Suljih.  cupri,  £uj,  alum.,  acid.  su/jjIi.,  aft  ^ij, 
aquce,  ,^viij  :  dissolve,  and  filter.)  A  styptic,  and, 
largely  diluted,  an  astringent  collyrium. 

SOLU'TiON,  Solu'tio,  Lysis,  (F.)  Dissolution, 
from  solvere,  solutum,  '  to  dissolve.'  An  operation 
which  consists  in  dissolving  a  solid  body  in  a  men- 
struum.    Liken  ise, the  product  of  such  operation 

—  Solv'tum,  (F.)  Solute.  It  means,  also,  with 
many,  the  termination  of  a  disease  : — with  others, 
a  termination  accompanied  by  critical  signs;  — 
and,  with  others,  again,  it  is  synonymous  with 
crisis. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammonia?  acetatis  —  s.  of  Acetate  of  morphia, 
Liquor  morphia?  acetatis  —  s.  Alkaline,  see  Full* 
gokali — s.  of  Alkaline  iron,  Liquor  ferri  alkalini 

—  s.  of  Alum,  compound,  Liquor  aluminis  com- 
positus— s.  of  subcarbonate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammonia?  subcarbonatis — s.  of  Ammoniattd  cop- 
per, Liquor  cupri  ammoniati — s.  Arsenical,  Liquor 
arsenicalis  —  s.  Arsenical,  De  Valangin's,  Liquor 
Arsenici  chloridi — s.  of  Carbonate  of  Soda,  Liquor 
soda?  carbonatis  —  s.  of  Charcoal,  concentrated, 
see  Tinctura  catechu  —  s.  of  Chlorinated  soda, 
Liquor  soda?  chlorinata? — s.  of  Chloride  of  Arse- 
nic, Liquor  Arsenici  chloridi  —  s.  of  Chloride  of 
Zinc,  see  Burnett's  disinfecting  liquid  —  s.  of  Ci- 
trate of  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammonia?  citratis  —  s. 
of  Citrate  of  Magnesia,  see  Magnesia?  citras  —  s. 
of  Citrate  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassa?  citratis  —  s. 
of  Continuity,  see  Continuity  —  s.  of  Corrosive 
sublimate,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  s. 
Be  Valangin's,  Liquor  arsenici  chloridi — s.  Don- 
ovan's, see  Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of —  s. 
Fowler's,   Liquor    arsenicalis  —  s.    Gannal's,   see 

|  Alumina?  sulphas  —  s.  of  Gutta  percha  in  Chlo- 
roform, see  Gutta  percha  —  s.  Heinecke's,  see  Ar- 
seniate  of  Soda. 

Solution,  Goadby's,  called  after  the  proposer, 
is  made  of  bay  salt,  corrosive  sublimate  or  arse- 
nious  acid,  and  water.  It  is  employed  to  pre- 
serve animal  substances. 

Solution  of  Hydriodate  of  Potass,  Liquor 
potassa?  hydriodatis — s.  of  Iodide  of  iron.  Liquor 
ferri  iodidi  —  s.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Liquor  io- 
dinii  compositus  —  s.  of  Iron,  nitrated,  Liquor 
ferri  nitratis  —  s.  Labarraque's,  Eau  de  Javelle  — 
s.  of  Lime,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Lugol's,  Liquor 
iodinii  compositus  —  s.  of  Magnesia,  condensed, 
Magnesia,  fluid  —  s.  of  Monro,  Liquor  of  Monro 

—  s.  of  Nitrate  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  nitratis  —  s. 
of  Oxymuriate  of  mercury,  Liquor  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis — s.  Pur  les  huiles,  Olea  medicinalia 
— s.  Pearson's,  see  Arseniate  of  soda — s.  Plenck's. 
see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — s.  de  Potass*, 
Liquor  potassa?  —  s.  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassa1 
— s.  of  Sesquinitrate  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  nitratis 

—  s.  of  Soda,  Liquor  soda? —  s.  of  Subacetate  of 
lead,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis — s.  of  Subacetate 
of  lead,  diluted,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilu- 
tus — s.  of  Subcarbonate  of  potass,  Liquor  potas- 
sa? subcarbonatis — s.  of  Sulphate  of  morphia,  Li- 
quor morphia?  sulphatis  —  s.  of  Tartarized  anti- 
mony, Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati  —  s.  of  Terni- 
trate  of  sesquioxide  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  nitratis 

—  s.  of  Van  Swieten,  Liquor  hydrargyri  cxymu- 
riatis. 

SOLUTIVUS,  Laxative. 

SOLUTUM,  Solution. 

SOLVEXS,  Solvent  —  s.  Minerale,  Liquor  ar- 
senicalis. 

SOLVENT,  Solvens,  (F.)  Fondant,  from  solvere, 
'to  dissolve.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  possess 
the  property  of  dissolving  or  removing  obstruo- 


SOMA 


840 


SOXDE 


tion?  and  extraneous  substances.     Thus  we  have 
of  the   stone   iu  the  bladder,  m 
entia. 
\t.  Minkral,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 
BOM  \.  Bo  iy.  Corpus. 

MASCETICS,  Gymnastics. 

SOMASCETIQUE,  Gymnai 

BOMAT'IC,    Somat'icutj    from    aupn,    owfiaros. 

iy.'     That  which  concerns  the  l.u.ly  : — as 

tomatie  death,  or  death  of  the  body,  in  eontra- 

di.-tinctiou  to  molecular  death  or  the  death  of  a 

BOMATODYM'IA,  from  oupa,  ounaros,  'the 
body/  and  Svm,  •!  enter  into.'  A  doable  mon- 
strosity in  which  the  trunks  are  united.  Of  ibis, 
there  are  several  varieties:  —  Vertebrodym'ia, 
where  the  anion  is  >>v  the  vertebra j  feckiodym'ia, 
by  the  ossa  isobii :  Sternodym'ia,  hy  the  Bternnm  : 
Supraomphalodym  -omphalodymie,  by 

the  super-umbilical  regions ;  Supra  •>  infra-am- 
phalodymia,  by  the  superior  and  inferior  um- 
bilical :  I  Stemo-omphalodym'ia,  where 
the  union  is  by  both  the  sternal  and  the  uuibili- 
cal  regions. — Cruveflhier. 

BOMATOL'OGY,  Somatologf'ia,  from  cmym, 
ffayaroj,  '  the  body,' and  Aoyoj.  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  human  body.     Anatomy. 

BOMATOTOMY,  Anatomy. 
MMEIL,  81 

Bl  I M  N  A  MBULA  T  [ON,  Somnambulism. 

BOMNAM'BULl  SM,  Somnambula'tio,  Hypno- 
bate'nii,  ffypnobata'tii,  Hypnoba'tia,  Hypnobad'- 
i,    Lunatia'mu*,    Hypnonergi'a, 
t'hiiii,  Nyctobate'aia,  Autonyctoba'tia,  Se- 
Itni'ari*,  s       tambulia'iHHa,    Nyc- 

foVaeia,  Noctambula'tio,  Noctatnbulia'mut,  Xyc- 
toba'dia,  Nyctoba'tia,  Siph'ita,  Syph'ita,  Paro- 
ni'rid  am'bulaH*,  Noctiaur'gium,  Oneirodynia 
octi'va,  Cenoapu'dia,  Somno-vigil,  Somnambtda' '- 
tiuii,  Sleep-walking,  from  aotnnue,  'sleep,'  and 
tmbulare,  'to  walk.'  A  condition  of  the  brain 
which  occasions  the  individual  to  execute,  daring 
sleep,  some  of  those  actions  that  commonly  take 

place  when  awake.  It  has  I n  imagined  that  the 

somnambulist  is  guided  solely  by  his  subjective 
Sensations  ;  but  there  are  many  facts  which  induce 
the  belief  that  the  external  senses  are  not  always 
entirely  suspended.  The  causes  of  somnambu- 
li.-m  are  very  obscure;  and  the  principal  indica- 
tion of  treatment  i.-.  —  SO  to  arrange  the  bed- 
chamber of  the  somnambulist,  that  he  cannot  get 
out  of  it  during  sleep;  and  to  avoid  suppers,  as 
well  as  all  bodily  and  mental  excitement. 

SOMMAMBULJ8M,  MAOHBT'lCl  Ml8WKRIC,  or  Ar- 
tific"iai..  Somnambulie,Mu$  artificia'Ka,  Cataph'- 
orm  magnet' tea,  Somnip'athy,  is  that  peculiar  con- 
dition, into  which  individuals  are  thrown  by  the 
JLnimal  Magnetixer.  It  occurs  only  in  those  of 
weak  nervous  temperament ;  in  hysterical  fe- 
males. 

B0MNAMBULI8MUS,  Somnambulism  —  s. 
Artifieialis,  Somnambulism,  magnetio. 

BOMNAM'BULIST,   Somnam'bulue,  Hybttob'- 
ates,  Hypnob'atea,  Noctam'bulut,  Lunatfu 
tem'bulo,  Somnam'bula.     A  sleep-walker. 

BOMNAMBULI8'TIC.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  Bomnambolism,  —  as  the  'eomnambu- 

BOMNAMBULO,  Bomnsmbulist. 

SOMXIA'TIO,  from  aomnium,  'a  dream.'  The 
act  of  dreaming. 

fflATlO  sfoRBOBA,  Oneironosus — s.  in  Statu 

vigili.  Hallucination. 

BOMNIP'EROUS,  Sbm'm/er,  Sopor'ifer,  Hvp- 
.  Hypnopce'tu,  Soporati'vue,  Soporific, 
Permit,  (F.J   Aaaoupiaennt ;  an  epithet  for 

a    medicine    which    causes    sleep,    from    eomnua, 
'sleep,'  and/ero,  'I  carry.' 
04 


tine  etymon  as  the  next. 
n  ho  talks  in  his  sleep. 
BOMNILO'QUIUM,  Somniloqmia'mua,  SomniP- 
oquiam,    from    bom  .'    and    loquor,    'I 

.-peak.'     Talking  in  the  sleep. 

SOMNOPATHY,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 
BOM'NIUM,  Enyp'nion,  fnaom'nium,a  D 
.  Sweving,  Sutevynyng,  Stoat} 
Songe.      A    confused    assemblage,   or  acci- 
dental and  involuntary  combination  of  ideas  snd 
.  which  present  themselves  to  tl  i 

during    sleep.      l'r.    S.    Mitchell,    of    New    York. 

used  the  word  Somnium  to  signify  the  state  be- 
tween  Bleeping    and    waking,    in    which    i 

perform  acts  of  which  they  are  unconscious. 

K'>r  'waking  dreams,'  see  Hallucination. 

Those  distressing  dreams  which  occur  daring 
B  State  of  half  sleep,  are  called,  by  the  French, 
-    riea. 

SOMNO-VIGIL,  Bomnambolism. 

BOM'NOLBNCY,  SomnoU  n'tia,  Hypma 
Hypno'dia,    Dormita'tio,    Cunts    Lethar'gut    Ca- 
taph,ora,Cataphora,  Coma  Somnoleu'tum,  <  'uro'aie, 
Slumber,  Heav'ineaa,  (F.)  A«"  .-    from 

smmiiix,  'sleep.'    Sleepiness.     Also  a  state  inter- 
mediate between  sleeping  and  waking.    It  if 
a  symptom  of  disease. 

SOMNUS,  Sleep. 

BOMPNUS,  Sleep. 

SON,  Furfur,  Sound. 

SONCHUS,  coyxo?,  S.  Olera'ceus,  Hiera'cium 
olera'ceum,  Oicer'bita,  Sow  Thistle,  Swine-thiatle, 
(F.)  Laiteron  doux.  Ord.  CichoracesB.  Most  of 
the  species  of  Bonchua  abound  with  a  milky  juice, 
which  is  very  bitter,  and  said  to  possess  diuretic 
virtues. 

hus    Floridanus,    Mulgediuui    Florida- 
num. 

SONDE,  Sound,  Specillum  —  *.  Cannelee,  Di- 
rector. 

SONDE   VANEL.     A  very  fine  stylet  of  sil- 
ver, awl-shaped  at  one  end.     It  is  used  for  pro- 
bing the  lachrymal  passages  through  the  punc- 
i|  turn  1  aery  male. 

SONDE  DE  BELLOC.  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Belloc  for  plugging  the  nasal  fossae, 
in  cases  of  hemorrhage.  It  consists  of  a  curved 
silver  eanula,  open  at  both  ends,  and  furnished 
with  a  button.  The  instrument  is  passed  through 
the  narcs  to  the  throat;  and  a  plug  is  attached 
j  to  the  button,  so  that,  when  the  instrument  is 
drawn  forwards  through  the  nose,  the  posterior 
nostril  is  stopped. 

SONDE  U/l/SEE  (F.),  Eyed  prole.  A  long, 
straight  stylet,  composed  of  two  parts,  which  may 
be  screwed  to  each  other;  blunt  at  one  end,  and 
furnished  at  the  other  with  an  eye,  so  that  it  may 
be  used  either  as  a  probe  for  punctured  wounds, 
or  for  a  scton  needle. 

SOXDE  A  COX/'  I  VTEUR  (F.).  A  modifi- 
cation of  the  ordinary  catheter; — to  facilitate  the 
changing  of  catheters,  without  the  fear  of  making 
false  passages.  It  is  a  common  catheter,  open  St 
it.-  leak.  The  Stylet  or  Mandrin  is  one  half 
longer  than  that  of  the  ordinary  catheter.  To 
use  the  instrument,  the  stylet  is  poshed  into  the 
cavity  of  the  bladder  through  the  catheter.  The 
latter  is  then  withdrawn  by  slipping  it  over  the 
stylet,  which  is  kept  iu  its  place,  and  serves  as  a 

guide  to  a  fresh  catheter. 

SOXDE  A  DARD,  see  Lithotomy  (high  ope- 
ration ). 

80NDE  DE  LAFOREST.    A  small,  e. 
eanula,  used  for  probing  the  nasal  duct  from  be- 
low upwards,  and  for  throwing  injections  into  it. 

SOXD/:  on  PINCB  DE  HUNTER.  A  cy- 
lindrical silver  eanula;  of  the  .-i/.e  of  I  CO  mm  00 
catheter;   open  at  both  extremities,  and  contain- 


SOXDE  DE    YARECQ 


850 


SORREL 


in c:  a  wire  of  iron,  one  of  the  ends  of  which  is  I 
split  into  two  parts;   e;ich  being  terminated  by  a  \ 
small  silver  scoop,  and  separating  from  each  other  | 
by  virtue  of  their  elasticity,  when  pushed  out  of 
the  canula,  and  again  approximating  when  drawn 
in.     It  has  been  used  for  laying   hold  of  small 
calculi  in  the  urethra. 

SOXDE  DE   YARECQ.  Soda. 

SONGE,  Somnium. 

SONITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  s. 
Fluidi,  Hygrechema  —  s.  Hepaticus,  Hepateche- 
roa —  s.  Intestinalis,  Enterechema  —  s.  Stoma- 
cliicus,  Gasterechema. 

SONOROUS  RHONCHUS,  Rule  sonore. 

BONUS,  Sound  —  s.  Yocis,  Accent. 

SOOJA,  see  Dolichos. 

SOOJIE,  BASTER'S,  a  farinaceous  article  of 
diet,  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat  flour  sweetened 
with  sugar. 

SOOL,  Gastroperiodynia. 

SOOT,  Fuligo  — s.  Tea,  see  Fuligokali  —  s. 
"Wait,  Cancer,  chimney-sweeper's. 

SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium  sophia  —  s.  Chirurgo- 
rum,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

SOPHISTICATION.  Falsification. 

SOPHO'RA  HEPTAPHYL'LA,  Anticholer'- 
irn.  Orel.  Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria 
Monogynia.  The  root  and  seeds  of  this  shrub 
are  intensely  bitter,  and  are  said  to  have  been 
found  useful  in  cholera,  colic,  dysentery,  &q. 

Sophora  Tixcto'ria,  Baptis'ia  seu  Podalyr'ia 
Tincto'ria,  Indigof  era.  Wild  Indigo,  Indigo  Weed, 
Broom,  Indigo  Broom,  Horsefly  Weed,  Yellow 
Broom,  Clover  Broom,  Rattle  Bush,  Yellow  Indigo. 
An  American  plant,  the  taste  of  whose  root  is 
unpleasant,  sub-acrid,  and  nauseous — very  simi- 
lar to  that  of  ipecacuanha.  In  a  large  dose,  the 
bark  of  the  root  acts  both  as  an  emetic  and  ca- 
thartic. It  has  been  considered  antiseptic  and 
febrifuge,  and  has  been  used,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation or  cataplasm,  in  phagedenic  and  gan- 
grenous ulcers.  A  liniment,  prepared  by  simmer- 
ing the  cortical  part  of  the  root  in  cream,  has 
been  found  an  efficacious  application  to  sore  nip- 
ples and  to  ulcerated  breasts. 

Baptis'ia  Leucan'tha,  Tall  white  false  Indigo, 
an  indigenous  plant,  has  the  same  properties. 

SOPHRONIST.E  DENTES,  see  Dentition. 

SOPHRONISTERES  DENTES,  see  Denti- 
tion. 

SOPHROSYNE,  Temperance. 

SOPIENS,  Paregoric. 

SOPIO,  Opium. 

SOPOR.  A  profound  sleep,  from  which  the 
person  can  be  roused  with  difficulty.  It  is  a 
symptom  in  many  of  the  neuroses. 

Sopor  Caroticus,  Cams. 

SOPORARL/E  ARTERRE,  Carotids. 

SOPORATIYUS,  Somniferous. 

SO  PORIFEROUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFIC,  Somniferous. 

SO'POROUS,  So'porus,  (F.)  Soporeux,  from 
sopor,  'sleep.'     Sleepy:  causing  sleep. 

SORA,  Essera. 

SORB  TREE.  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorbefa'ciens,  from  sor- 
lere,  'to  suck  in,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  A 
remedy  that  promotes  absorption. 

The  following  are  the  chief  sorbefacients  or 
modifiers  of  nutritive  action  —  eutrophics : — 
Acida  Vegetabilia;  Alkalia;  Ammoniac-urn:  Bro- 
nrinium;  Galbanum  :  Hy drargyri  Praeparata ;  Io- 
n-mum; Liquor  Calcii  chloridi;  Spongia  usta  : 
Compression,  (methodical  ;)  Friction  ;  Mental 
Sorbefacients.  (Imagination,  Emotions.) 

SORBETHUM.  Scherbet. 

SORBETTUM,  Scherbet. 

SORBET DM,  Scherbet.  li 


SOn  BIER  DES  OISELEURS,  Sorbus  acu- 
paria. 

SORBITIO.  Jus. 

Sorbitio  Carxis  seu  Ex  Cabhb.  Broth  or 
soup  made  of  meat. 

SORBITUM,  Jus. 

SORBUM,  see  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBUS,  Crataegus  aria,  S.  domestica. 

Sorbts  Acupa'ria  seu  Aucupa'ria, Mes'pilus, 
M.  acupa'ria,  Mountain  Service,  Mountain  A*h> 
Quid-tit  tree,  Roan  tree,  Witchen,  Witch  hazel, 
Witch  wood,  (Sc.)  Roden  tree,  Bonn  tree,  Rowan 
tree,  Rone,  (Prov.)  Keer,  Rantree,  (F. )  Sorbier 
des  Oiselenrs,  Frene  sauvage.  Ord.  Rosacea?. 
The  berries  —  (Sc.)  lindens  —  of  this  tree  are  em- 
ployed for  similar  purposes  as  the  last. 

Sorbus  Alpina,  Crataegus  aria. 

SORB  ITS  Am  erica's  A,  Pyrus  Americana,  Ame- 
rican Mountain  Ash.  The  bark  resembles  that 
of  the  Wild  Cherry,  and  might  be  used  in  the 
same  cases. 

Sorbus  Aria,  Crataegus  aria — s.  Aucuparia,  S. 
acuparia  —  s.  Cydonia,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

SORBUS  Domks'tica,  Sorbus,  Pyrus  domes'tica, 
Mes'pilus  domes'tica,  Oie,  Service  or  Sorb  Tree, 
(F.)  Cormier.  Family,  Rosacea?.  Sex.  Syst. 
Icosandria  Trigynia.  The  fruit  of  this  tree,  Sor- 
bum,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  recommended  in 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  given  in  the  form 
of  rob.  A  kind  of  cider  is  made  from  it,  and  also 
brandy. 

Sorbus  Malus,  Pyrus  malus. 

SORDES,  Rhypos,  'Filth.'  A  dirty-looking 
sanies,  discharged  from  ulcers.  Also,  accumula- 
tions of  the  secretions  cf  the  mouth,  on  the  teeth 
in  .adynamic  fevers  more  especially,  and  of  foul 
matters  in  the  stomach — Sordes  prima' rum  oia'- 
rurn,  Rhypn'ria.  The  French  call  an  ulcer,  ex 
hibiting  such  an  appearance,  sordid.  Also  dirt 
of  any  kind. 

Sordes,  Ichor,  Saburra  —  s.  Acida?,  Aciditiei 

—  s.  Aurium.  Cerumen  —  s.  Primarum  viarum 
Embarras  gastrique,  see  Sordes — s.  Yentris,  Ex. 
crement. 

SORDICUL^l  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

SORE,  Ulcer. 

Sore,  Bay.  A  disease  which  Mosely  considers 
to  be  a  true  cancer.  It  is  endemic  in  the  Bay 
of  Honduras. 

Sore  Mouth,  Stomatitis — s.  Gangrenous,  Can- 
cer aquations — s.  Throat,  Cynanche — s.  Throat, 
Clergyman's,  Pharyngitis,  follicular  —  s.  Throat, 
inflammatory,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  s.  Throat, 
putrid,  Cynanche  maligna — s.  Throat,  tuber- 
cular, Pharyngitis,  follicular — s.  Throat,  ulcerous, 
Cynanche  maligna. 

SORENESS,  Sax.  ronp,  'vexed,  molested.' 
Parap'sis  acris  teneritu'do.  Painful  uneasiness 
or  tenderness,  local  or  general,  on  being  touched 
with  a  pressure  that  does  not  usually  excite  dis- 
tressing feeling.  Often,  a  febrile  symptom.  Also, 
the  tenderness  of  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c. 

SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

SOROCCO,  Puna. 

SOROCHE,  Puna. 

SORORIA'TIO,  from  sorores,  'sisters,'  sora- 
rio.  'to  grow  up  or  swell  together.'  The  period 
at  which  the  breasts  of  the  female  become  deve- 
loped. The  act  of  becoming  thus  developed.  A 
young  maiden,  whose   mammae   begin    to   show, 

—  sororiantes  mamma  —  was  formerly  called  soro- 
rians  virgo.  —  Plautus. 

SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumex  acetosus  —  s. 
Field,  Rumex  acetosella — s.  French,  Rumex  scu- 
tatus — s.  Garden,  Rumex  scutatus — s.  Mountain, 
Oxalis  acetosella.  Oxyria  reniformis  —  s.  Salt  of, 
Potass,  oxalate  of — s.  Roman,  Rumex  scutatus — 
s.  Sheep,  Rumex  acetosella. 


SOSTRUM 


B51 


B  PACE 


M  partfl  nmj  be  thrown  into  reciprocal  vi- 
bration; and  '■'•.  By  oondtic'tion,  as  where  the  vi- 
brations are  transmitted  through  laid,  liquid,  or 
solid  media. 

Sound,   Catheterise,   Syncope,    S.    Auricular, 
ApjTomele — s.  Bellows,  Frictioi  .  .  lancet, 
/;     >f— a.  Cracked  pot,  Bruit  de  pot  fili 
rumpling,  pulmonary,  Froiamemeui  pulwto- 
i,  l.  tr\  ngeal,  Larj  ngeohe, 
.,  I'ii  1: i n r,    Vterine  bougie,  (¥.)  Sonde 
An  instrument,  somewhat  similar  to  a 
small  male  catheter,  t<»  be  introduced  into  the 
earity  of  the  uterus,  In  the  diagnosis  of  d 
of  thai  viseua.     When  notched  on    the  stem,  it 
enables  the  sise  of  the  uterine  cavity  to  be  ap- 
preciated, and  becomes  a  g 1  hyuteram'eter. 

SOI  NDING,  Searching,  see  Sou  ml. 
B01  NDNES8  OF  MIND,  Sanity. 
SOUPIR,  Sigh. 

SOUR  BKRRY,  see  Ozyeantha  Galeni,  Vaoci- 
niuin  oxycoecos  —  s.  Dock,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
formis  —  s.  Leaf,  Andromeda  arborea —  s.  Tree 
Andromeda  arborea  —  s.  Wood,  Andromeda  ar- 
borea. 
SOURCIL,  Snperoilinm. 
80URCILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii.  Super- 
ciliary. 

SOURD,  Deaf. 

SOURDS-MUETS,  sec  Mutitas  surdorum. 
SOUR-MILK,  Buttermilk. 
SOUR-SOP,  Bromelia  ananas. 
SOURWOOD,  Andromeda  mariana. 
80US-ACR0MI0-CLA  YI-lllUEllM,  Del- 
toid—  x.  Atldidien,  Subatloidseus  — ».  Ax'fidien, 
SnbaxoidsBus  — «.  Azotate  da  Bismuth,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — ».  Clavier,  Subclavius — *.  Goat/tux, 
Intercostal  —  x.  Cutanf,  Subcutaneous — x.  Epi- 
neux,  Infraspinatus — x.  Lingual,  Sub-lingual — ». 
Sfammaire,  Submammary  —  a.  Maxillaire,  Sub- 
maxillary—  B.  Maxillo- Labial,  Depressor  anguli 
oris — 8.  Mental,  Submental — e.  Mitacarpo-latSri- 
phnlangien,  Prior  annularis  —  a.  Optico-aphtno- 
acteroticien,  Pectus  inferior  oculi  — x.  Orbitaire, 
Suborbitar  —  t.  Pubio-coecygien,  Levator  ani  —  «. 
Pubro-criti-tibial,  Gracilis  —  *.  Pubio-prftibial, 
Gracilis — x.  Pubio-trochantirien-externe,  Obtura- 
tor externus — *.  Pvbio-troehantf.rien-interne,  Ob- 
turator interims — x.  Scnpulaire,  Subscapularis — a. 
Scapulo-trochinien,  Subscapularis — «.  .SV/«,  see 
Salt. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     Glenn' %   Springe,  in    Spartanburg  District, 
are  highly  charged  with  .-alts  of  lime,  and,  not 
far  from  them,  is  a  chalybeate.      Weefa  Spring, 
.     and  Chick'a  Springe,  a  few  miles  from  Greenville, 
and.  it  is  said,  with  success  in  cholera  and  pleu-     resemble  Glenn's  Springs. 
riay;  and  as  a  febrifuge.  SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia   abrntanum  — 

SOUND,   Speeill'um,    Sights,    Erplorato'rium,     9.  Field,  Artemisia  campestris  —  s.  Maritime.  Ar- 
Radi'olue,  (F.)  Sonde.     An  instrument  nsed  by     temiaia  maritime — s.  Tartarian,  Artemisia  santo- 


Bokrbl  Trrb,  Andromeda  arborea,  A.  mariana. 
i  i.,  Welsh,  Oxyria  reniformia— a.  White, 
Ua— s.Wood,  Yellow.  Oxalis  stricta. 
urn  s    from    nefuu,    'to 

ewrrjp,  'a  preserver.'      A  reward  given  to  one  who 
saves   the   life   of  another.      A  physician's  fee  or 
>■; urn.  (F.)  Honoraire. 
SOTERIA   DOCTRINA,  Medicina. 
BO  1  1 : 1 :  I   1".     X'.U'.K.  Waters,  mineral. 
SOTIREL'LA.      Ancient   name   of  a   medicine 
eomposed  of  opium  and  other  narcotics,  nutmeg, 
.  camphor  and  eoot.     It  was  used  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  teeth. 
BOTRUM,  Sn<trum. 
80UBRESAUT,  Subsultus  tendinura. 

I  CHERLOON,  Hit  noben. 
SOUGHET  DES  TNDES,  Curcuma  loaga  — 
ml,   Cyperus  longus — «.   Rond,  Cyperus 
r  itundus. 

80UCT,   Calendula    officinalis.    Panophobia  — 
Alpee,  Arnica    montana  — «.  das  Chum)'*, 
Calendula  arvensis — ».   Ordinaire,  Calendula  offi- 
cinalis. 

SOUDE,   Soda  — a.  Achate  de,  Soda,  acetate 
of — *.  ASri,  Soda  oarbonas  — «.   Boratt   de,  Bo- 
•oituri  de,  Borax — a.  Carbonate 
!■  carbonas — x.  Guustique,  Soda  caustics 
—  s.  <t  hi  Chaux,  Boda  oaustica  —  x.  Chlorure  de, 
Soda,   chloride    of — «.    dn    Commerce,    Soda  —  x. 
•  das  carbonas — x.  Effervescente,  Bodse 
is  —  x.  Hyposnlfite  de,  Soda,  hyposulphite 
of — x.  Phi  tphati   -/''.  Soda,  phosphate  of — «.  et  de 
,    TartraU  </<-.  Soda,  tartrate   of — a.  Pure, 
lustica — ».  Sousborate  de,  Boras — a.  Sout- 
cmrbonate  de.  Soda,  subcarbonate  of  —  s.   Sulfite 
la,  sulphate  of. 
SOUFFLE,  see  .Murmur,  respiratory —  *.  Am- 
■   Cavernous   respiration  —  *.    Bron- 
tkiqne,  see   Murmur,  respiratory  —  a    MitaUique, 
vernous  respiration  —  t.  Placentaire,  Bruit 
plaa  ntaire — ».  Trachial,  see  Murmur,  respiratory 
— /».  Tubaire,nee  Murmur,  respiratory — a  Dtirin, 
Bruit  placentaire — a.   Voile",  see  Cavernous  respi- 
ration. 

Soi'fkt.k.  Whispering.  A  bellows'  sound  heard 
over  solidified  lung  and  excavations  when  the 
•  it  whisp  ts.  —  Flint. 
SOUFH!:.  Sulphur— *.  Carburi,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum  — ».  Todure  de,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  a. 
Sublimt,  Sulphur  sublimatum — a.  Vegetal,  Lyco- 
podium. 

80UILLURB,  Pollution. 

BOULA'MEA    AMA'RA,    Per  anuiro'rum.      A 
shrub  of  the  Moluccas;    Order,  Polygalft 
the  parts  of  which  are  of  great  bitterness — uhor- 
renda  amaritiee."      D  is  employed  by  the  .Malays 


surgeons  to  discover  whether  there  be  a  stone  in 
elder.     It  i-   usually  made  of  highly  po- 
lished steel,  and  is  shaped  like  the  catheter.     The 
operation  i<  termed  sounding. 

The  French  Sonde  baa,  however,  a  more  ex- 
tensive signification.  It  means  different  instru- 
ictroduced  into  cavities  of  certain  organs, 
or  into  wounds,  ti~tula<,  Jcc,  to  investigate  their 
condition,  or  to  fulfil  some  therapeutical  indica- 
tion.    See  Sonde, 

Echos,   Noise,  (F. )  Son,  Bruit. 

n nation  produced  on  the  auditory  nerve  by 

the  vibrations  of  a  sonorous  body.     Bounds  may 

be  propagated  in  threemodes.     1.  By  reciproca'- 

fi'on  or  eon'eonance,  as  when  a  sounding  body,  of 

a    definite   pitch,    produces    a    muaical    tone    when 

■•  body  of  the  same  pitch  is  sounds  I  near 
-   when  a  sounding  body 

1  in  toeotion  with  another,  one  or  more 


nu-a. 

BOWBRE  \1>.  Arthanita,  Cyclamen. 

B0WEN8,  Flummery. 

SOV.  see  Dolichos  noja. 

gOYMIDA  FEBRIFDG  \.  Suietenia  febrifujra. 

SPA,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF.     a    town 

seven    '  •    east    of    Liege,    where    there 

reral  springs,  possessing  a  sharp  acidulous 

■  ontaining  much  cai  bonicacid,  carbonates 

of  iron,  lime,  ;md  magnesia  :  carbonate  of  soda, 

and  chloride  of  sodium.      The  water  is  much  08(  d 

as  i  tonie. 

Siw  Watrr,  Am  ii'h  i  \  r..  Soda  snbearb.,  gr. 
vij  :  magnesia  carbon.,  ^j ;  Umat.ferri.,  gr.  ii.i  ; 
sodii  ch/orid.,  gr.  j :  aqnet,  "ij.  Impregnate 
with  gas    from  meirble  powder  and  eulph,  mid., 

BP  \«i:.  [NTERPEDUNCULAR,  pee  Inter- 
peduncular— a.  Perforated,  anterior,  Locus  per- 


SPADE-BONE 


852 


SPASM 


foratus    anticus  —  s.    Perforated,    posterior,    see 
Tarini  pons. 

SPADE-BONE,  Scapula. 
SPADO,  Castratus,  Eunuch,  Spasm. 
SPAGYRIA,  Chymistry. 

SPAG"YRISTS,  from  a^aw,  <I  separate,'  and 
tyei^u),  'I  assemble;'  because  tbey  reduced  com- 
pounds into  elements,  and  formed  the  latter  into 
compounds  [?].  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  pre- 
tended to  account  for  the  changes  that  occur  in 
the  human  body  in  health  and  disease,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  chymists  of  their  day  explained 
those  of  the  inorganic  kingdom.  Medici'na  Pa- 
racelcis'tica  seu  Spagyr'ica,  was  likewise  called 
Hermet'ica,  because  it  was  believed  that  the 
means  of  cure  adopted  in  it  had  been  found  in 
the  books  of  Hermes. 
SPAIG,  Skeleton. 

SPANJ5'MIA,  from  rrrravog,  'poor,'  and  'aifia, 
'blood.'  Poverty  of  the  blood.  Diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood, — as  where  bleeding  has  been  carried  be- 
yond certain  limits.  —  Simon. 

SPAN^E'MIC,  Spanee'micum  (remedium),  I)ys- 
pla.81  ticum,  Plastilyt' icum  et  erethilyt'  icum,  Hce- 
matolyt'  icum,  Dyscrasi'acum.  Same  etymon  as 
the  last.     Relating  to  spanaemia. 

A    medicine  whose   protracted   use  is  said    to 
impoverish  the  blood,  —  as  iodine,  bromine,  &c. 
SPANDARAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 
BPANING,  Weaning. 

SPANISH  FLY,  Cantharis— s.  Juice,  Extrac- 
tum  glycyrrhizaj. 

SPANNADRAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANOPO'GON,  from  ciravos,  'rare,'  and  r,w- 
ycov,  '  beard.'     One  who  has  lost  his  beard,  or  has 
a  thin  beard. 

The  Greeks  called  those  who  had  little  beard, 
or  who  had  lost  it,  Spanopoqo' nes. 
SPAR  ADR  APA,  Sparadrapum. 
SPARADRAPIER.  Tae  name  of  a  machine 
for  spreading  sparadraps.  A  Plaster  machine. 
It  consists  of  a  table,  with  two  raised  pieces,  mo- 
vable, and  furnished  with  points,  by  which  the 
cloth  can  be  stretched,  and  of  a  lamina  or  blade 
of  metal  to  extend  the  plaster  over  it. 

SPARADRA'PUM,  Sparadra'pa,  Sparadra- 
jjiis,  Tela  emplns'tica  seu  cmplas'trica,  Spandara' ' - 
pum,  Spannadra'pum,  (F.)  Sparadrap.  Any  ad- 
hesive plaster  spread  upon  linen  or  paper.  The 
chief  sparadraps  are  the  following: — 

Sparadrapum  Adii.esi'vum,  Adhe'sive  Plaster. 
A  spread  plaster  of  the  Emplastrum  adhcesivum. 
It  is  also  called  Strapping. 

English  Court  Plaster  is  a  Sparadrap,  (F.) 
Taffetas  agglutinatif,  T.  gomme,  Taffetas  d'An- 
gleterre,  Ser'icnm  An'glicnm,  Emplas'trum  An- 
glicum.  E.  Attglica'num,  E.  Adhcssi'vum  ]Yood- 
stoek'ii,  E.  Ichthyocol'lce  tela  indue' turn,  E.  Glu- 
tino'sum,  Tela  Ichthyocol'lcB  gln'tinans,  Isinglass 
Plaster.  It  is  made  by  stretching  black  silk,  and 
brushing  it  over  with  a  solution  of  isinglass  5j, 
in  proof  spirit  ^xij,  to  which  tinct.  benzoin.  ^ij, 
are  added.  When  dry,  this  is  repeated  five  times ; 
after  this,  two  coats  are  given  it  of  a  solution  of 
tereb.  Chi  a  Sjiv,  in  tinct.  benz.  ^vj,  which  render 
it  less  liable  to  crack. 

Liston's  Isinglass  Plaster  is  made  by  spreading 
several  coats  of  strong  solution  of  isinglass  in 
weak  spirit  over  oiled  silk,  or,  still  better,  over 
animal  membrane  previously  prepared  for  the 
purpose  from  the  peritoneal  coat  of  the  caacum  of 
the  ox. 

Sparadrapum  pro  Fontic'ulis,  Issue  Plaster, 
is  sometimes  made  of  simple  diachylon,  Ibij  ;  Bur- 
gundy pitch  and  sarcocolla,  each  ,51V;  common 
turpentine,  £j.  Spread  upon  linen  and  polished 
with  a  moistened  calendering  glass  rubber. 

Sparadrapum  seu  Tela  Galteri,   Defensive 


Plaster,  (F.)  Toile  de  Gauticr.  This  is  made  of 
olive  oil,  ft>ss;  suet,  §ivj  wax,  ^x;  litharge 
common  turpentine,  thus,  and  mastich,  aa,  ^ij  : 
bole  armeniac,  flour,  aa  %j.  Pour  it,  while 
liquid,  upon  cloth,  and  spread.  Used  for  issues 
and  to  keep  on  dressings. 

Sparadra'pum  Vesicato'rium.  Several  sub- 
stances have  been  introduced  as  substitutes  fur 
blistering  plaster,  (see  Emplastrum  Lytta?,)  under 
the  names,  Tela  vesicato'ria,  Blistering  Tissue, 
&c,  and  other  forms  of  which  are  the  Taffetas 
vesicant  ou  epispastique,  Papier  epispastique, 
Charta  vesicato'ria.  They  are  made  of  an 
ethereal  or  alcoholic  extract  of  cantharides,  or  of 
cantharidin,  mixed  with  wax,  and  spread,  in  a 
very  fine  layer,  on  silk  or  paper  previously  oiled 
or  waxed.     They  are  efficient  agents. 

Sparadrapum  Yir'ide,  Corn  Plaster.  This 
may  be  made  of  yellow  wax,  ft)ij  ;  Burgundy 
pitch,  3xij  ;  common  turpentine,  SJvj  j  verdigris, 
|;ii,j;  spread  on  cloth  and  polished. 

Kennedy's  Corn  Plaster  is  made  of  yelloic  wax, 
ft) j  ;   Venice  turpentine,  J|ij;   verdigris,  ^j. 

SPAR  ADR  A  PUS,  Sparadrapum. 

SPARAGMA,  Laceration. 

SPARAGMOS,  Spasm. 

SPARAGUS.  Asparagus. 

SPARAL'LIUM,  Clyster  uteri' nus.  An  injec- 
tion into  the  vagina.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

SPAREDIA.  A  ligature  covered  with  the 
white  of  egg. —  Paracelsus. 

SPARGA'NIUM  RAMO'SUM,  Great  Bur- 
reed,  from  Sparganon,  owing  to  the  ribbon-like 
leaves.  Indigenous:  Order,  Typhaceae  ;  flowering 
in  July  and  August.  The  roots  are  subastrin- 
gent,  but  esculent;  yielding  a  fine  fecula,  simi- 
lar to  salep.  They  are  sometimes  made  into  a 
poultice  for  inflamed  mammae. 

SPAR'GANON,  Spar'ganum,  from  oxapyw,  '  I 
swathe,'  'I  wrap.'  'Swathing  clothes;'  a  kind 
of  bandage,  with  which  children  were  formerly 
surrounded.  —  Foesius.     Also,  a  fascia. 

SPARGANO'SIS,  Spargo'sis,  Intnmescen'tia 
lac'tea  mamma' rum  JIastodyn'ia  polyg'ala,  from 
enrapyau), '  I  am  ready  to  burst.'  Extreme  disten- 
sion of  the  breasts  by  milk.  Sparganosis  also 
means  the  wrapping  of  a  child  in  swathing  clothes. 

Sparganosis  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens. 

SPARGANUM,  Sparganon. 

SPARROWGRASS,  Asparagus. 

SPARSUS,  Sporadic. 

SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spanish  broom. 
Ord.  Leguininosae.  A  small  European  shrub, 
i  cultivated  in  the  gardens  of  the  United  States,  on 
account  of  its  yellow  flowers.  The  seeds  are 
diuretic  and  tonic,  in  small  doses;  emetic  and 
cathartic  in  large.  They  have  been  used  in 
dropsy  —  10  or  15  grains  three  times  a  day. 

SPARTIUM  Scopa'rium,  Cyt'isns  scopa'rius,  Ge- 
nis'ta,  G.  scopa'ria  seu  hirsu'ta,  Cytisogenista, 
Broom,  (F.)  Genet  a  b<dai.  Broom  Tops,  Spartii 
Cacumina,  Scopa'rius,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  have  a  bitter 
taste,  and  are  possessed  of  diuretic  properties. 
They  have  been  used  in  dropsies.  Dose,  of  the 
powder,  ^j  to  3J*  All  the  genistas  have  similar 
virtues.  A  decoction  of  genista,  along  with  the 
cauterization  of  the  pustules  under  the  tongue, 
has  been  recommended  in  hydrophobia. 
Spartium  Tinctorium,  Genista  tinctoria. 
SPASM,  Spasmus,  Sparag'mos,  Synol'ce,  Spado, 
from  aTTau),  '  I  draw.'  The  Greeks  gave  this  name 
to  all  kinds  of  convulsions.  It  is  now  usually 
applied  to  involuntary  muscular  contractions  : 
and  these,  again,  have  been  divided  into  tonic 
spasm,  Paraton'ia.  which  consists  in  permanent 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  muscles  that  are 
the  seat  of  it  (see  Tetanus)  j  and  clonic  spasm, 


STASMATICUS 


STECULUM 


which   consist?  in  alternate  contractions  and  re- 
■ 
Cullen  has  a  cla  — the  memroepeunmi 

.  ma. 

ConYuhnon —  s.  Cynic,  see  Ca- 
nine la 

res  Glottis,  Asthma  thymicum. 
-m.  Histrionic,  of  thk  Pack,  see  Tic. 

■  \.  Asthma  thymietiin. 
sit,  Masticatory,  of  tiu:  Pack,  Trismus. 

■i  Rigidity,  Tetanus. 
Sir,  Writkrs'.      Involuntary  spasms  of  the 
•  le  thumb  and  index  finger,  ol 

-    who  are  much  aeeoatomed  to 
writing.     See  Cramp,  wi 

3MAT1CUS,  Spasmoticus. 
amotions. 
SPASMS  DE  LA   GLOTTE  ET  DU  TIIO- 
ta  thymicum — «.  de  la  Vemi 
•ius. 
SI'  \ S M  1.  nee  Spasm. 

'  .nvulsive. 
3M0DIC,  Spasmoticus. 
5M0L/0GY,  Spa*molog"ia,  from  c-T»jc/io?, 
:   A  <;.  »$,  •  a  treatise.'      A  treatise  on 

Singultus. 

•re*.  S'pn*>,; 
'. 

-  wtique,  from  a-rarr^ioi,  'spasm.'     Anything 
ing  to  spasm.     Also,  an  antispasmodic. 

i   conetricto'rii,   M.  ipaimotfici,  &c,    are 

impanied  with  spasm. 

SPASMUS,   Convulsion.    Spasm  —  s.  Annum, 

i— s.  Bronchialis,  Asthma — s.  Caninus,  see 

Canine  langh — s.  Clonicus.  Convulsion — s.  Cyni- 

ine   laugh — s.  Facialis.  Tic — s.  Glot- 

Asthma    thymicum  —  s.    Lingua),    Glosso- 

— s.  Maxilla?  inferioris,  Trismus — s.  Ma- 

rnlaris,  Cramp  —  s.  Musculorum   Faciei.  Canine 

-s.  Nutans.  Convulsion,  salaam  —  B.  Peri- 

-.  Horrida  cutis — s.  Universalis,  Synclonus 

.  Ventriculi,  see  Cardialgia — s.  Vesica?,  Cys- 

-  nu8. 

BPAS'NIA,   same    etymon    as  Spasm.  [?]      A 
term  used  by  Mercurialis  to  designate  the  lanci- 
nating pain  produced,  at   times,  in   the  chest  by 
_ '  i  i  n  g. 

motions,  Tonic  spasm. 
riCDM,  Tetanic. 
PHA,  Hypaleiptron. 
SPATHES'TER,     from    ffTay,     'I    draw.'     A 
il  instrument,  used  for  drawing  the  prepuce 
over  th"  glnns,  when  too  short.  —  P.  Amman, 
ula. 
-  sapula,    Spatula  — a.  Foetida, 
=i  ma. 
SPATHYEMA   FCETIDA,    Dracontium  foeti- 
diini. 

BPATIA    IXTERLOIJULARES,  Interlobular 

SPAT'ILE,  o-uti\t],   'human    excrement.'     A 
nation.     Excrement.  —  Hippo- 

BPATTUM  0RT8,  Mouth— «.  Tri-onum,  Lyra. 
BPATTERDOCK;  ffuphar  advena. 

TTLA.  Spatk'nla,  diminutive  of  Spnthn. 
id-sword.'     Spaikome'U,  Speeill'um 
i  if  a  in.      \n  instrument  used  for  spreading  plas- 
h-ring ointments,  hol< ling  down  the  tongue. 
Uso,  the  scapula. 

k,  Glossospatha. 
\  ri».  Humerus. 
-  diva, 
'i    BONE.  Humerus. 
INB,  Humerus. 
1 '  tstration. 
MNG-BR  ISH,   Brash,  weaning. 
SPEARWORT,  Ranunculus  flammula. 


UJTBR,  7. 

:   seine. 
SPECIALIST,     F.      Spieialiete.      One   who 

-  himself  to  a   specialty  :    .  ■ 
particular  parts,  as  of  the  eye,  .  Ac. 

SPECIES,  S  -  cam- 

:.al  mixtures  of  substauoea  cut  or 
bruised.    Sometimes  used  foroompound  powders, 
as  it  always  appears  to  have  been  formerly, 
Pulvis. 

Pulvis  cinnamon!  bob- 

positus  —  s.    Diaeinnamomi,    Pulvis    cmnamomi 

1  tcretSB,  Pulvis  eretss eompos. — 

ilapsB,  Pulvis  jalapse  eompositna — s.  Diam* 

lira1  sine  odoratis.  Pulvis  cinnanioini  compositus 
— s.  Diatragacanthsa  frigidss,  Pulvis  tragacantbsa 
compositus  —  s.  Hiersa  picrae,  Pulvis  aloes  cum 
can  el  la —  s.  Lsatifi  cantos  Rhasis,  Pulvis  einna- 
momi  compositus — s.  e  Bcordio  cum  opio,  Pulvis 
•  mpo.-itus  cum  opio  —  s.  e  Scordio  sine 
opio,  Pulvis  eretSB  compositus. 

BPECIF'IC,  Spe*  as,  Noeocrafic,  (F.)  >>,»'- 
cifique,    from  I    form    or   fashion,1    and 

.  ■  to  make.'  A  Bubstanee  to  which  i--  at- 
tributed the  special  property  of  removing  some 
particular  disease.  Probably  no  such  remedy 
exists  Mercury  in  syphilis,  and  tulphur  in  the 
itch,  have  been  regarded  as  the  strongest  exam- 
ples. The  word  is  also  nsed  adjectively  in  the 
sense  of  epeeialj  as  "mercury  has  a  *j><cijic  or 
special  action  on  the  salivary  glands." 

rriC  OF  HsRRBNSCHWAND.  A  once  cele- 
brated (Jerman  vermifuge.  It  is  said  to  have 
consisted  of  10  grains  of  Gamboge,  with  20  of 
Carbonate  of  Potaeea.  It  is  affirmed,  that  mer- 
curv  and  arsenic  have  also  been  found  in  it. — 
Paris. 

SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  Potasses  sul- 
phas. 

SPECIL'LUM,  M<le.  Stylue,  Explorato'rium, 
from  xpecio,  '  I  examine,'  Specla'rion,  a  probe, 
'<  f.  Sonde.  A  Burgical  instrument,  em- 
ployed for  examining  wounds,  fistulas,  and  for 
passing  setons,  <fce.  It  is  usually  formed  of  sil- 
ver: ami  is  terminated,  at  one  end,  by  an  olive- 
shaped  button.  The  eyed  probe  has  an  aperture 
at  the  other  extremity. 

mum,  Everriculum,  Hypaleiptron,  Sound 
— s.  Auricularium,  Apyromele  —  s.  Cereum.  Son- 
ate — s.  Bxcavatum,  Stylus  excavatus — s.  Latum, 
Spatula  —  s.  Minus,  Melotis. 

SI-hi'lOLH,  Species. 

SPECKS  OF  THE  CORNEA,  see  Caligo. 

SPECLARION,  Specillum. 

SPECTACLES,  from  tpectm-e,  'to  behold;' 
Oontpieil'la,  (Sc.)  fiierfx,  (F.)  Beeiclee,  Lunette* 
ordinaire*,  Ooneerve*.    <•  raist  the  sight ; 

arranged  so  a-  to  be  adapted  to  both  eyes.    These 

-  are  more  or  less  eoncave  or  <■ 

ing  as  the  sight  is  more  or  less  short,  [myopic,) 
or  long,  [preebyopic.)  When  the  _rl.-i~s  is  adapted 
to  one  eye.  it  is  sailed  an  Eyegla**,  Conepicil'lum, 
!'■  •tpicil'lum,   Vitrvtn  ocula'ri. 

SPECUL  VHIS  LAPIS.  A  transparent  mine- 
ral, but  of  what  nature  is  not  clear,  which  was 
formerly  employed  in  epilepsy.  In  old  times  it 
was  need  for  glass. —  Pliny. 

BPECULUM,  Catop'ter,  Oatop'tron,  Diop'tron. 
In  Latin,  'a  mirror:'  from  tpecio,  'I  see.'  In 
turgery,  it  means  different  instruments  for  dila- 
ting cavities,  and  facilitating  their  examination. 
itor.  There  are  various  instruments  of 
this  kind,  —  the  8.  Ani,  S.  Auri*,  S.  Vagina, 
(Colpeuryn'ter,  Elytreurynter,)  S.  Matri 
Oeuli,  S.  Oris  ((F.)  B&illo*,)  8.  Outiurie,  S. 
Veeicee. 

PLUM  Citi:i\i-m.  Orpiment  —  s.  Indienm, 
Ferri  litnatura — s.  Lueidum,  Septum  luciduui — s. 


SPECUS 


85  4 


SPERMATIC 


Oris,  Glossocatocbus — s.  Veneris,  Achillea  mille- 
folium. 

SPECUS,  Vulva  — s.  Cordis,  Ventricle  of  the 
Heart — s.  Pro  medulla  spin  all,  see  Vertebral  co- 
lumn— s.  Vertebralis,  see  Vertebral  column. 

SPEDALSKE,  see  Radzyge. 

SPEDALSKHED,  see  Radzyge. 

SPEECH,  V<.i<e,  articulated. 

SPEECHLESSNESS,  Mutitas. 

SPEEDIMAN'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et 
mvrrhie. 

SPEEDWELL,  BROOKLIME,  Veronica  bec- 
t-abunga — s.  Female,  Antirhinum  elatine- — s.  Offi- 
cinal,  Veronica — s.  Purslain,  Veronica  peregrina 
—  s.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

SPELL-BONE,  Fibula. 

SPELTRUM,  Zincum. 

SPERAGE,  Asparagus. 

SPE R A G US.  Asparagus. 

SPERM,  avepua,  a-rtpiiaro$,  from  a-eipm,  'I  sow.' 
Spermat'ic  fluid  or  liquor,  Sem'inul  Jitiid,  Seed, 
Semen,  S.  viri'le  seu  muscuii'  nnm  seu  genita'le, 
Semin'  ium,  Genita'le,  J/edul'lce,  lias,  Sanguis, 
Serum,  Humor  genita'lis  seu  semina'lis  seu  ve- 
ne'reus,  Uri'na  genita'lis,  Genitu'ra,  Sperma,  S. 
viri'le,  Spermi'um,  Tko're,  Tho'rus,  Lac  maris, 
Lagne'a,  Lagni'a,  Lagneu'ma,  Germen,  Vita'le 
virus,  Male's  milk,  Prop'agatory  or  genital 
liquor,  Vital  or  quickening  venom,  (F.)  Sentence, 
Fluide  seminal.  A  whitish,  viscid  fluid,  of  a  pecu- 
liar smell,  secreted  by  the  testicles,  whence  it  is 
carried  by  the  vasa  deferentia  to  the  vesiculae 
seminales,  to  be  thrown  into  the  vagina,  during 
coition,  through  the  ejaculatory  ducts  and  the 
urethra.  It  is  the  fecundating  fluid,  and  must 
come  into  actual  contact  with  the  germ  of  the 
female.  The  Aura  sem'inis,  Gonau'ra,  is  inca- 
pable of  effecting  fecundation.  The  semen,  at 
the  time  of  emission,  is  composed  of  two  different 
fluids;  the  one  liquid  and  transparent,  which  is 
considered  to  be  the  secretion  of  the  prostate, — 
the  other,  white,  and  as  thick  as  mucilage;  the 
product  of  the  testicular  secretion.  The  sperm 
contains,  according  to  Vauquelin,  900  parts  of 
water,  50  of  animal  mucilage,  10  of  soda,  and  30 
of  calcareous  phosphate.  The  animal  matter  is 
peculiar,  and  by  some  termed  spermutin. 

Microscopic  observations  show  that  it  contains 
npermatozo'a,  or  more  properly  spermatozo'ids ; 
for  their  animalcular  nature  is  not  demonstrated. 
They  are  produced  in  cells  —  sperm-cells  —  and 
have  probably  no  more  title  to  be  considered  ani- 
malcular, than  the  cilia  of  the  ciliated  epithelium. 
By  careful  examination,  other  minute,  round, 
granulated  bodies  may  almost  always  be  de- 
tected, which  are  in  all  cases  much  less  nume- 
rous than  the  spermatozoa.  These  bodies  are  the 
seminal  granules,  gran1 u/a  sem'inis.  Pure  sperm, 
in  its  most  perfect  state,  consists  principally  of 
spermatozoids  and  seminal  granules;  both  of 
which  are  enveloped  in  a  small  quantity  of  fluid, 
liquor  sem'inis,  spermat'ic  liquor. 

It  has  been  imagined,  but  erroneously,  that 
during  coition  there  is  a  secretion  of  female  sperm 
— Semen  mulie'bre,  Theh/g'onum.  The  increased 
secretion  that  takes  place  is  chiefly  from  the 
glands  of  Duverney. 

Sperm  also  means  spermaceti. 
Sperm  Cell,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMA,  Sperm — s.  Mercurii,  Hydrargyrus 
acetatus. 

SPKKMA  Raxa'rum,  Sperni'ola  seu  Sperni'olum 
seu  Spermi'ola  seu  Spermi'olum  r ana' rum.  Frog's 
spawn.     Once  used  in  medicine. 

SPERMACETI,  Cetaceum— s.  Whale,  see  Ce- 
taceum. 

SPERMACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERM ATACRASIA.  Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMATACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea, 


SPERMAT'IC,  Spermat'icus,  Semina'lis,  Sem'- 
iual,  (F. )  Spermatique,  from  a-nippa,  oneppaTos. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sperm.  A  name  given 
to  different  parts  connected  with  the  organs  of 
generation. 

Spermatic  Arteries,  Arteria?  Spermat'iceB  seu 
prcp.parau'tes,  (F.)  Arteres  testiculaires,  A.  fie 
I'ovaire  (Ch.),  are  two  in  number  —  one  on  each 
side — and  arise  from  the  sides  of  the  a  rota,  .^nine- 
times  from  the  renal  arteries.  They  descend, 
almost  vertically,  at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral 
column,  and  are  distributed  differently  in  the 
two  sexes.  In  man,  the  spermatic  artery,  situate 
at  the  side  of  the  vas  deferens,  issues  by  the  ab- 
dominal ring;  gives  numerous  ramifications  to 
the  spermatic  cord,  and  divides  into  fasciculi  of 
branches,  one  of  which  goes  to  the  testicle, — the 
other  to  the  epididymis.  In  the  female,  the 
spermatic  artery,  ova'rian  artery,  dips  into  the 
pelvis,  and  passes  to  the  ovarium,  Fallopian  tube, 
and  round  ligament. 

Spermatic  Corp,  or  Chord,  Testic'ular  Cord, 
Fiinie'ldus  Spermaticus,  Corpus  varico'sum,  (F.) 
Cordon  spermatique  ou  testieulaire.  The  vascular 
and  nervous  chord,  by  which  the  testicle  is  sus- 
pended. It  is  composed  of  the  spermatic  artery 
and  veins  ;  of  other  small  vessels  ;  of  lymphatics  ; 
of  nervous  filaments  from  the  spermatic  plexus, 
and  from  the  genito-crural  branch  of  the  lumbo- 
abdominal  plexus;  of  the  vas  deferens,  and,  very 
often,  of  a  fibro-cellular  cord,  which  unites  the 
peritoneum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, and  in  which  encysted  hydrocele  of  the 
spermatic  cord  occurs.  All  these  parts  are  uni- 
ted together  by  a  very  lax,  areolar  tissue,  and 
surrounded  by  coats,  which,  reckoning  from  with- 
out, are  : —  1.  The  skin  and  areolar  membrane. 
2.  A  fibro-cellular  membrane,  formed  by  the  fas- 
cia superficialis.  3.  A  very  thin  layer,  formed  by 
fibres  of  the  cremaster  muscle,  united  archwise 
before,  and  often  also  behind,  the  cord.  4.  The 
proper  sheath  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  or  the  tu- 
bular prolongation  furnished  by  the  fascia  trans- 
versalis  to  the  chord,  on  a  level  with  the  superior 
orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal.  The  spermatic 
cord  is  commonly  shorter  on  the  right  side  than 
on  the  left;  and  of  a  different  size  in  different 
individuals.  It  ascends,  almost  vertically,  from 
the  superior  margin  of  the  testicle  as  far  as  the 
lower  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal;  passes  through 
this  canal  and  enters  the  abdomen,  crossing  the 
epigastric  artery.  Here  it  forms  an  evident 
elbow,  directing  its  course  backward.  At  this 
part,  also,  the  organs  composing  it  separate  from 
each  other:  —  the  vas  deferens  descending  into 
the  pelvis  to  pass  behind  the  bladder; — theblood- 
vessels  and  lympathics  ascending  towards  the 
lumbar  region,  &c. 

Spkrmatic  Filaments,  Spermatozoa — s.  Fluid, 
Sperm. 

Spermatic  Ganglion.  A  large  ganglion, 
formed  by  branches  from  the  hypogastric  gang- 
lion, and  from  the  spermatic  plexus.  It  supplies 
the  fundus  uteri.  Besides  these  ganglia,  Dr. 
Robt.  Lee  describes  ves'ical  and  vag"inal ganglia, 
and  anterior  and  posterior  subperitoneal  ganglia 
and  plexuses,  which  communicate  with  the  pre- 
ceding, and  constitute  an  extensive  nervous  rete 
over  the  entire  uterus. 

Spermatic  Liquor,  Liquor  seminis,  see  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Passages  or  Ways,  Vice  Sperma- 
ticat,  are  the  canals  concerned  in  the  excretion 
of  semen.     See  Testicle. 

Spermatic  Plexuses  of  nerves,  Plexus  testieu- 
lares.  are  two  in  number,  and  are  furnished  by 
the  renal  plexuses.  Their  filaments,  called  Sper- 
matic nerves,  follow  the  arteries  of  the  same  name 
to  the  testicle  in  man  ;  and  to  the  ovary  and  Fal- 
lopian tube  in  the  female, — ova'rian  nerves.    They 


SPERMATID 


SPHENOID 


cannot   be  traced   into   the  i  I  these 

\i  vtii"  Veins  are  two  <>r  three  in  number 

cm  each  side.      They  accompany  the  spermatic 

artery,  and  open— those  of  the  ri.L'ht,  into  the 

.■.a  inferior;   those   of   the  left,  into  the 

innding    renal    rein.      These    veins    form, 

testicle,  a  kind    of    venous  network, 

•mntic  Plexns  ;  and  an- 

other  plexus  before  the  psoas  muscles,  called  the 

.  mi-. 

;.M  VTIN.  see  Sperm. 
SPERM  VTIS'M  US,     I  i,    from 

awiaua.a^cofj^Tui,  'sperm.'  The  emission  of  sperm. 
or  AniiiKi/'ciilimi)   is    the   doctrine, 
which  maintains  that  the  embryo  is  produced  by 
Ihe,  s«i  palled,  Bpermntie  animalcules. 
-  ' .  Animalculist. 
SPERMA  rOCOCCr,  Spermatozoa. 
SPERMATOCELE,  Iferuin    semina'lis   scroti, 
O*cheocerle    seminn'li*,     Gonoce'li,     from 

perm,'  and  m/A^,  'a   tumour.'     The 

ancients  gave  this  name  t"  certain  swellings  of 

tide  which  n  .  d  as  produced  by 

; inflation  of  sperm  in  the  organ.    Also, 

SPERMATOCLEMMA,  see  Pollution. 
SPERMATOCLEPSIS,  Bee  Pollution. 

RMATOCYSTIDORRHAG'TA,    Caulor- 

rlrnj"i<i  ejnenlato'ria,   ffaimatu'rin    ejaculato' ria 

inn  fie,   from    mttpue,    a-i^naro*;.   '  sperm/ 

kv<ttk,    'bladder,'  and    piyn,  'a  breaking  forth.' 

urge  of  blood  from  the  urethra,  or  the  act 

of  ejaculation  of  sperm. 

SPERM  \  rODES,  Gonoides. 
BPERMATOGON'IA,  Spermognn'ia,  Sperma- 
.  Spermatopoi'sis,  Spermi'um,  from  emp^u, 
?perm,' and  yewaw,  'to  beget.'     The 
cretion  of  sperm. 
SPERMATOID,  Gonoides. 

SPERM  VTOLEPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

:  RM  ^TOLIPSIS,  Bee  Pollution. 
B  P  1 : ! !  M  A  T(  >L '  OG  Y.     Spermatolog  "  ra,    from 
i,  tnrsppuiTos,  'sperm,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.' 
tise  on  sperm. 

LM  ITOPH'OROUS,  Seminiferous,  from 
.    a-cnfiaros,   '  sperm, '  and    (fieou),   'L    carry.' 
Bperm-bearing.     The    cells    or    granules    in    the 
bo  called. 
^TOPGS  \.  Spermatogonia. 
RMATOPOESIS,  Spermatogonia, 
I  OPOETIC,  SpermatopoBua. 
LTOPGS'US,  Spermatopoit'ieue,  Sper- 
mntnpoi  i  ir,  i Inn'  jiu ■■' iih,  Gonepoet'icus,  Qonopoet?- 
iVlM,  from   oTrcpfia,   azepuuTng.    '  sperm.'  and   rroitiv, 

'to  make.'     Food,  to  which  has  1 n  attributed 

the  property  of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  se- 
men :  and.  consequently,  of  exciting  the  venereal 
aet.      Very   Bucculent    and    very   nutritious    sub- 
red. 
SPERMATORRHOS'  \.   Spermorrta'a,    Sper- 
.   ypermatom  'mia,  Spertnataera'eia,  Go- 
ttacra'eia,    Gonacrati  a,    Gonnze'mia,    Spermata- 
erati'a,    Qnnnrrha  Flua   </<   Sperme, 

Pollution*,  Pertee  siniinalee  s  from  a^cpfta,  aztpun- 
•rni.'  and  ono,  •  I  flow.'      An    emission    of 

.  without  copulation.     See  Gonorrhoea,  and 
Pollul 

H  \ToiMt!KK\  Atonica,  Gonorrhoea    laxo- 
rum. 

SPERM  VTOS'CHESIS,fromff»<p»«tewMaoTOf, 
.'  and   vxtats,  'retention.'     Retention   or 

■   tion. 

::M  tTOZEMl  \.  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATOZO'A,  Zooeper'mata,  from  ancpfin, 

jperm.'     and     yviv,     •  animal.'        Ani- 

mal'enfa    teminn'lia   sen   spermat'iea,  Filn  sper~ 

puteula  tem'inie,  tpermatoeoc'ei,  Ver- 


Htic'iili  spermat'iei,  Spermatotolde,  Sem'inul  or 
spermatic  fiVamente,   Spermafie  or   seminal    uni- 
mul'iuh'x  [?],  (F.)  Zo&spermee,  Spermatot 
Reputed  animalcules  seen  in  the  sperm  ;  bj 
physiologists  supposed  to  be  the  formative  agents 
in  generation.     See  Sperm. 

SPER  i/.t  TOZOAIRES,  Spermatoioa. 

SPKRMATOZOIDS,  Bperinab 

SPERMI0L1  M  RANARUM,  Bperma  ran* 
nun. 

SPERMIUM,  Sperm,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMOBOI&,  Bee  Ejaculation,  Spermatis- 
mus. 

SPERMOEDTA  CL  Wis.  Ergot 

SPERMOGONIA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMORRHCEA,  Spermatorrha  a. 

SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM,  Bperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPEWING,  Vomiting. 

SPHACELATED,   Sphacela'tve,  (F.)    Spha- 

'     !  UCk   with  sphacelus. 

SPHACELATION,  Mortification. 

SPHACELE,  Sphacelus  —  s.  de  la  Bundle, 
Cancer  aquaticus. 

SPHACELIA  SEGETUM,  Bee  Ergot 

BPHACELISMUS,  Sphacelus  —  s.  Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 

SPHAi  "PI. I  S,  o<!>ant\os,  Gangra'na  Sphace- 
lus, Sphacelie' must  Cold  mortification,  (F.)  Spha- 
\igrene froide,  from  oipafa,  'I  slay.'  This 
word  is  need,  by  some,  synonymously  with  gan- 
grene: by  others,  with  gangrene  when  it  occu- 
pies the  whole  suhstance  of  a  limb.  Commonly, 
it  means  the  disorganized  portion,  in  C8I 
mortification,  anthraconecro'sis,  which  must  be 
thrown  off,  —  or  is,  in  other  words,  totally  dead. 
The  foul  disorganized  portion  of  an  ulcer — called 
the  slough  —  must  be  considered  a  kind  of  spha- 
celus. 

Sphacelus  was  formerly  used  to  denote  exces- 
sive pain  :  and  for  agitation  from  excessive  pain, 
or  violent  emotion. 

Sphacelus  Cbrealis,  Ergotism  —  s.  Nosoco- 
mials, Hospital  gangrene. 

SP11.KRA,  Pila  —  s.  Marina,  Pila  marina  —  s. 
Thala.-sia.  Pila  marina. 

SPH2BRANTHUS  IXDICUS,  Adaoa, 
SPJLE'KIA  SINEN'SIS,  [e^atea,  •  a  globe,') 
Hi  a  Tsao  Tom  Tchom,  Hia  Teao  Tong  Tchong, 
Tottnt  Kaso,  Summer  plant  winter  worm.  A  fungus 
which  projects  from  the  neck  of  a  lepidopterous 
insect  It  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  Chinese 
as  a   tonic,  like  gin8eng. 

SPHiERIDION,  Pilula 

8PEL£RI0N,  Globule,  Pilula. 

BPHiEROCEPHALA  BLATIOR,  Echinops. 

SPHJ3R0C0CCUS  CRISPUS,  Fucus  erispus 
— s.  Helmintbochortus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  s. 
Lichenoides,  Fucus  amylaceus. 

.-IMLKKILA  GALENI,  Pilula. 

Srn.t:i:t  i.k  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of  the  blood. 

SPHAGE,  Throat. 

BPHENDONE,  Funds, 

BPHENO,  in  the  composition  of  anatomical 
U  rms,  usually  means,  belonging  or  relating   to 

the  sphenoid  hone. 

SPHENOCEPHA'LIA,  from  nprjy,  'a  wedge.' 
and  (fft/.aX.;,  'head.'  Monstrosity,  in  which  the 
head  is  wedge  shaped,  owing  to  the  projection 

of  the  anterior  fontanel  region. 

SPHUnO-M'PINEUSB,  {Artire,}  Mei 

artery,  middle. 

SPHENOID,  SphenoVdes,   Spheno'dea, 
noideus,    Sphenoid  a' lie,    (F.)     SphSnoide,    from 
vfnv,  '  ti  wedge,' and  u6og, '  resemblance.'  Wedge- 
shaped.     Hence, 

SPHBNOrD   Pom:.   Sphenoldes  oe,    Ok    baeila'ri 

SOU  cunci/ur'iiie  seu  cu'nco  COmpara'tUM  seu  uphe- 


SPHENOIDAL 


SPHINCTER 


noida'le  seu  multifor'me  seu  az'ygos  seu  papilla'- 

re  seu  polymor'pkon  seu  paxilla're  seu  baxilla're 
seu  alcpfof'me  seu  ephecdi'deum  seu  veepifor'me 
>eu  inconjuga'tum  seu  pterygoideum  seu  ala'tum. 
seu  vo/dto'rii,  Pterygoid  bone.  An  azygous  bone, 
situate  on  the  median  line,  and  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  articulates  with  all  the  other  bones 
of  that  cavity;  supports  them,  and  strengthens 
their  union.  Its  form  is  singular,  and  resembles 
a  bat  with  its  wings  extended.  It  has,  1.  An 
inferior  or  guttural  surface,  on  which  is  situate 
the  crista,  that  joins  the  vomer;  a  channel,  which 
concurs  in  forming  the  pterygopalatine  foramen  ; 
the  pterygoid  process  ;  the  pterygoid  fossa;  the 
scaphoid  depression  ;  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
canal;  the  foramina  —  ovale,  spinale,  <fcc.  2.  A 
superior  or  cerebral  surface,  on  which  are:  —  the 
clinoid  processes;  the  pituitary  fossa ;  the/o>-a- 
mina  (ovale,  rotundum,  and  spinale);  the  Apo- 
physis of  Ingrassias  or  lesser  wing;  the  foramen 
optician,  &c.  3.  An  occipital  or  posterior  surf ace, 
which  is  articulated  with  the  basilary  process  of 
the  occipital  bone.  4.  An  anterior  or  orbitar 
nasal  surface ;  having,  anteriorly,  a  crista  to 
unite  with  the  ethmoid  bone  ;  and,  on  each  side, 
a  round  aperture,  which  leads  into  two  cavities 
in  the  substance  of  the  bone,  separated  by  a 
middle  septum,  and  called  the  sphenoidal  sinuses. 
5.  Two  zygomato-temporal  or  external  surfaces, 
which  correspond  to  the  temporal  and  zygomatic 
fossse. 

Some  divide  the  sphenoid  into  body  or  middle 
portion  ;  and  alee,  which  are  four  in  number,  and 
are  subdivided  into  great  (Temporal  Plates  or 
Wings,  Alcp  magna)  and  little  (Apophyses  of  In- 
grassias,  Alee  mino'res,  Processus  ensifarm'es). 
The  Sphenoid  suture  surrounds  the  bone. 
Sphenoid,  Spinous  Pkockss  of  the,  Sphenoid 
spine. 

SPHENOIDAL,  Sphenoid a'lis.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Sphenoidal  Cor'nita,  Cor'nua  Sphendida'lia, 
(F.)  Comets  spheno'idaux  ou  de  Bert  in,  Osselcts 
de  Bertin,  Ossic'ula  Berti'ni,  Ossa  trianguhi' ria, 
Pyr'amids  of  Wistar.  Two  small,  thin,  and 
curved  bones,  situate  between  the  sphenoid  and 
ethmoid,  with  which  they  are  confounded  in  the 
adult.  They  have  the  shape  of  a  hollow  pyramid, 
with  the  base  turned  backwards;  and  are  deve- 
loped by  a  single  point  of  ossification.  They  are 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  palate 
bone,  and  vomer. 

Sphenoidal  or  Supe'rior  Or'bitary  Fissure, 
Fora'men  lac"ernm  supe'rius,  (F.)  Fente  sphenoi- 
dale, is  a  large  fissure,  situate  between  the  great 
and  little  ala.  of  the  sphenoid.  It  is  seen  at  the  j 
upper  and  hack  part  of  the  orbit  between  which 
and  the  cranium  it  is  a  means  of  communication, 
and  transmits  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  pair  of 
nerves,  and  the  first  branch  of  the  fifth  pair,  to 
the  eye  and  its  appendages. 

Sphenoidal  Spine,  Spina  seu  Crista  sphenoi- 
dn'lis,  (F.)  Spine  sphenoidale,  Spinous  Process 
of  the  Sphenoid  ; — 1.  A  projecting  crista  at  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  sphenoid-bone,  for  articu- 
lation with  the  vomer.  2.  A  triangular  process, 
Apophyse  sous-ten>2)orale  (Ch.),  met  with  near  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  same  bone,  behind  the 
foramen  spinale.  At  the  point  of  the  spinous 
process,  a  styloid  process  is  frequently  met  with. 
SPHEN01DES,  Cuneiform,  Sphenoid— s.  Os, 
Sphenoid  bone. 

SPHENOMAXILLARY,  Spheno-maxilla'ris. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  maxillary 
bones. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fissure,  Inferior  or'bitar 
Fissure,  (F.)  Fente  spheno-maxillaire  ou  orbitaire 
inferieure ;  called,  also,  Fora'men  lac"erum  in- 
fe'rius   seu   spheno-maxilla'  re,  is  situate  at  the 


posterior  part  of  the  angle  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  and  inferior  parietes  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  constituted,  above,  by  the  sphenoid  bone  ; 
below,  by  the  superior  maxillary  and  palate 
bones  ;  and,  before,  by  the  malar  bone.  It  is  nar- 
rower at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities,  and 
forms  a  communication  between  the  orbitar  cavity 
and  the  zygomatic  fossa. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fossa  is  a  name  given  by 
some  anatomists,  to  a  depression  at  the  union  of 
the  sphenomaxillary  and  pterygomaxillary  fis- 
sures. 

SPHENO-OR'BITAR.  A  name  given  by  Be- 
clard  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  which  is  developed  by  a  variable  num- 
ber of  points  of  ossification. 

S  P  II  E  N  0  P  A  L '  A  T  I  N  E,  Sphenopalatine. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  palate 
bones. 

Sphenopalatine  Artery,  Large  lateral  nasal 
A.,  is  the  termination  of  the  internal  maxillary. 
It  enters  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  superior 
meatus  of  the  nose,  through  the  spheno-palatine 
foramen,  and  spreads  its  numerous  branches  on 
the  pituitary  membrane  covering  the  septum,  the 
cornua,  and  the  meatus. 

Sphenopalatine  Fora'men  is  a  round  aper- 
ture, formed  by  the  vertical  portion  of  the  os  pa- 
lati  and  the  sphenoid.  It  establishes  a  commu- 
nication between  the  nasal  fossae  and  the  zygo- 
matic fossa. 

Sphenopalatine  Ganglion,  Ganglion  of  Jfec- 
Jx-el,  Spheno'id'al  G.  (Ch.)  A  small,  nervous,  cor- 
diform,  or  triangular  ganglion,  of  variable  size, 
situate  without  the  foramen  sphaeno-palatinum, 
in  the  pterygomaxillary  fissure.  It  seems  sus- 
pended by  several  nervous  filaments  to  the  trunk 
of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve,  and  gives  off 
internal  or  sj)hlenopalatine  filaments,  inferior  or 
palatine  filaments,  and  a  posterior  filament,  which 
is  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid  nerve. 

Sphenopalatine  N erves, Lat' eral nasal  nerves, 
arise  from  the  ganglion  — just  described  —  at  its 
inner  part,  and  enter  the  nasal  fossae  by  the  sphe- 
nopalatine foramen.  They  are  five  or  six  in  num- 
ber, and  distribute  their  filaments  to  the  outer 
and  inner  parietes  of  the  nasal  fossa?.  One  of 
the  most  remarkable  branches  is  the  Naso-pala- 
tine. 

SPHENOPALATINE^  Levator  palati. 
SPHENOPARIETAL,        Spheno  -parieta'lis. 
That  which  belongs  or  relates   to  the  sphenoid 
and  parietal  bones. 

Sphenoparietal  Suture  is  formed  by  the  ar- 
ticulation of  the  extremity  of  the  greater  ala  of 
the  sphenoid  with  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle 
of  the  parietal  bone. 

SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Circum- 
flexus — s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflexus — «. 
Salpinfjo-mallien,  Laxator  tympani. 
SPHENOSIS,  see  Wedded. 
SPHENOSTAPHYLINUS,  Levator  palati. 
SPHENOTEMP'ORAL,     Spheno  -tempera1 lis. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  sphenoid  and  temporal 
bones. 

Sphenotemporal  Suture  is  the  suture  at  the 
articulation  of  the  great  alse  of  the  sphenoid  bone 
with  the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal.  Be- 
clard  gives  the  name  sphenotemjioral  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  body  of  the  sphenoid,  which  is 
developed  by  distinct  points  of  ossification. 
SPHEX,  Wasp. 

SPHINCTER,  otyiyKTvp,  Constric'tor,  3fusc'nlus 
constricto' ri us,  from  (rtpiyyu,  '  I  constrict.'  Anamo 
given  to  several  annular  muscles,  which  constrict 
or  close  certain  natural  openings. 

Sphincter  Ani,  Anmda'ris  Ani.     Many  ana- 
tomists have  described  two  sphincter  muscles  of 
|  the  anus  : — 1.  The  S.  exter'nus  seu  cula'neus,  As- 


SPHOXDYLIUM 


s : 


SPINA 


tett  r,  Orbicula'rie 
'  'tor  Ani,  i  '■■■  cygio-anal,     t'li.)     It 
i>  Bituate  around  the  anas;  u  elliptical  from  be- 
t'.,r.'  to  behind;  flattened,  and  pierced  at  its  mid- 
ille.     Irs  fibres  describe  concentric  arcs,  which 
ched,  behind,  to  the  extremity  of  the  coc- 
cyx, by  a  dense,  areolar  substance  :  and  are  con- 
founded, anteriorly,  with  the  bulbo-cavernosi  and 
Iransversi   perinsei   muscles.     This  muscle  eon- 
nd  olosea  the  anus.     2.  The  inner  or  in- 
Sphincter  Ani,  Sphincter    iutettiua'lie  of 
Winslow,  is  by  many  anatomists  considered  is 
the  termination  of  the  circular  fibres  of  tl 
tuiu.      It  is  annular,  and  situate  around  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  rectum,  to  the  extent  of 
aboet  a  linker's  breadth.      It  has   the  same  uses 
'her. 
Bphi>  '    ;. strictures  pharyngis  — 

s.  Ilei.  Bauhin,  valve  of— s.  [ntestinalis,  Sphinc- 
ter ani  internus — s.  Labiorum,  Orbicularis  oris — 
..  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s.  Palpebra- 
rum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum  —  s.  Pyl  i 
Pylorus  —  s.  Vaginas,  Constriotores  cunni  —  s. 
Vcntriculi.  Pylorus. 

Sphincter  Vk^iVi:,  Sphincter  of  the  bladder. 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  whitish. 
.  and  circular  fibres,  which  surround  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  but  do  not  constitute  a  par- 
ticular muscle.  Morgagni  has  given  the  name 
Psbudo-Sphini  riu  to  the  anterior  fibres  of  the 
levator  ani,  which  pass  beneath  the  neck  of  the 
bladder,  and,  by  their  contraction,  close  that 
openin  _  |  ressor  urethra'. 

BPHONDYLIUM,  Heracleum  spondylium. 
SPHONGUS,  Fungus,  Spongia. 
BPHRAQIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA,     from 
'a    seal,'    on£,    ovu^oj,    'a  nail,'  apyog, 
•white/  or  perhaps  apyvpoj,    'silver/ and  KOfttu>, 
ru/     A  charlatan  who  adorned  his  fingers 
to  the  very  nails  with  rings. — Aristophanes,  Hip- 
tes. 

[YGMA,  Pulse. 
SPHYGMIC,  Sphyg'micvt,  (F.)  Spln/amique, 
from  cpvynof,  '  pulse.'     Relating  to  the  pulse  :  — 
pulsatory. 

Sphtgmic  Art,  Are  Sphyg'mica.  The  art  of 
judging  by  the  pulse,  in  health  or  disease. 

Sphygmica  Doctrina,  Spbygmologia. 

8PHYGMICUS,  Throbbing. 

BPHYGMOCEPHALUS,  Crotaphe, 

BPHYGMODES,  Throbbing. 

BPHYGMOLEGIUM,  Palsilegium. 

BPHYG'MOGRAPH  j  from  c^vynog,  'the 
pulse/ and  ;p<.<  .  'I  describe/  An  instrument 
which,  when  applied  over  an  artery,  indicates  the 
character  of  the  pulse  as  to  force  and  extent  of 
undulations. — Vierordt. 

BPHYGMOLOG"IA,  Sphygmol'ogy,  Sphyg'- 
Doetri'na,  Are  Sphyg'mica,  from  o<pvy[ios, 
'  the  pulse/  and  Aoyoj,  '  a  description.'  The  doe- 
trine  of  the  pulse. 

SPHYGMOMETER,  Pulsilegimn. 
BPHYGMOS,  Pulsation,  Pulse. 
SPITYGMOSCOPIUM,  Pulsilegium. 
SPHYRA,  Malleolus. 
BPHYXIS,  Pulsation. 
8PIC,  Lavandula  Spica. 

sp  I  ('A,     Fat' i  .    Spica     bandage, 

}'.    apt.     A  bandage  bo  called  in  consequence 

somewhat    resembling  a  epike  of  barley. 

'I'h"  turns  of  the  t  ia  like  the  letter  V  : 

_   i  third  of  the  roller  uncovered. 

It  is  distinguished  into  attending  and  descending. 

It  may  be  applied  ever  various  parts  of  tl 

and  in  a  different  manner  in  each  ease  :  thus, 

is  the  Spica  .-,11    Fan  ia  inguina'lit,  Spica 

inguina'lia  duplex,  the   spica    for   the    shoulder, 

■  other  for  the  thumb. 

L  ivandula  Spica — s.  AJpina,  Valeriana 


Celtics — «.  Celtica,  Valeriana  Celtioa   -a,  Tndica, 
Nardu-  I         i      b.  Nardi,  Nardua  [ndica. 

BPICEBERRY,  Gaultberia,  Launu  lienzoin. 

SPICEBl  > II.  Laurus  Benioin. 

SPICES,  FOUR,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

BPICEWOOD,  Laurus  Benioin. 

SPICILLUM,  SpeciUum. 

sl'II'l  K    •  tela. 

SPIDER  WORT,  Liliago,  Tradescantia  Yir- 
ginica. 

BPIGELIA,  B.  Marilandica. 

Spigb'lia  Am  iu.i .'mi  \.  Demara'ra  Pinkroot,  a 
native  of  South  America  and  the  West  India 
Islands,  has  properties  like  the 

Spige'u  a  M  arilan'dica,  S.  I."iiir"i in,  A ni}; i r. 
mia,  Lonic"era  Marilan'dica,  Peren'nial  Worm- 
grate  or  Indian  Pin/.-,  Caroli'na  Pink,  Star  bloom, 
Wormrotit.  Sat.  Ord.  GentianaeesB. 
Pentandria.  Order,  Monogynia.  Indigenous, 
root — Spigelia  |  Ph.  I'.  S.  |  Pinkroot—ie  celebrated 
as  an  anthelmintic,  particularly  in  eases  of  luin- 
brici. 

1 1  is,    ill    .     •       •   d  to  have  been  found  service- 
able in   remittent   fever.      It  is  a  nareotico-aerid. 
jr.  x  to  JJss. 

BPIG  X  11-.  ASthusa  meum. 

SPIKENARD,  Conysa  aquarrosa,  Nardua  In- 

dica  —  s.    American,  Aralia   racemosa — B.    False, 
Smalacina  racemosa — B.  Small,  Aralia  nudieaulis 

—  s.  Tree,  Aralia  Bpinosa. 

BPILANTHES  ACMELLA,  Spilanthua  ac- 
mella. 

SPILAN'THUS  ACMBL'LA,  S.  cilia' ta  sea 
fimbria' ta,  Spilan'thet  acmel'la,  from  o-xi^os,  'a 
spot.'  and  uvSos,  4a  flower,'  owing  to  its  dotted  or 
speckled  flower,  Bident  aemella,  Achmella,  Ac- 
mella,  A.  Ifauritiana,  Verbeti'na  aemella,  Balm- 
leaved  Spilanthut,  Ord.  Compositae.  X-  . 
Syngenesis  Polygamia  aequalis.  This  plant  pos- 
i  glutinous,  bitter  taste,  and  fragrant  smell. 
The  herb  and  seed  are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  em- 
menagogue.  They  have  been  used  in  dropsies, 
jaundice,  fluor  albus,  and  calculous  complaints; 
given  in  infusion. 

Simlan i in  s,  Balv-lravbd,  Bpilanthus  aemel- 
la—  s.  Ciliata,  S.  aemella  —  s.  Fiuibriata,  S.  ae- 
mella. 

Spilanth'U8  Or.ERA'cF.t'S.  Spear- hand  Spi- 
lanthut, (F.)  Crttton  de  Para.  A  tincture  of  the 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  toothaeh. 

S  PI  LI,  see  NSBVUB. 

BPILOMA,  see  Nsevus. 

SPILOSIS,  Kpiehrosis  —  s.  Ephelis,  Ephelidcs 

—  s.  Poliosis.  Poliosis. 

BPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS. 
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of  hydrarg. 
oxymur.,  rad.  gentian.,  art.  aurant.  sice,  aa  JJU  > 
antimon.  erujd.,  tantal.  rubr.  aa  3.1 5  tpiritut  vini 
recti f.,  <i<pi(r,  a  a  ^viij. 

SPINA,  -a  thorn  ;'  Spine,  (F.)  Epine.  A  pro- 
cess on  the  surface  of  a  bone,  which  has  been 
compared  to  the  Bpinee  or  thorna  on  certaii 
tallies.  The  chief  processea  of  this  name  are:  — 
the  natal  spine,  the  tpine of  the tcapula,  the  epine 
of  the  iechium,  the/bur  iliac  tpinet,  the  palatine 
epine,  the  maxillary,  the  ephenuid,  Ac.  The  tpine 
<>f  tin-  hurl-  i-  the  collection  of  vertebras  constitu- 
ting the  <<  rtt  In  ni  column. 

Spina,  Penia — s.  Acida,  Oxyacantha  Galeni  — 

icise    gum  mi  —  a. 

Carduua    marianus,    Biespilua    oxycantha,    Ono- 

pordura    acanthium  —  s.    Bifida,    Hydroracbis  — 

a.  Cervina,   Rhamnua  —  b.  Domestica,  Rhamnua 

i  il  column,  B( 
introrsum   Flexa,   Lordosis  —  a.  Ferrea,  Pin  —  a. 


Helmontii.  Aitfuilh 


Ilirci,  A: 


nil 


veins 


— s.  In  fee  tori  a,  Rhamnui — a.  Nodosa,  Raohitia — 
s.  Bpbenoidalis,  Sphenoidal  spine. 

Spina   Vzhto'&a,   Spina:   veutot'itat,   Tere'do^ 


SPINACH 


8  58 


SPIlliE    CEREBRI 


Ostarthroc'ace,  Fungus  seu  Tumor  fiingo'sita  ar- 
tic'uli,  Lu'pia  junetu'rce,  Hyperspmi'gia,  Flatus 
spina,    Arthroc'ace,    P&darthroc' ace,    Sidera'tio 

Ox-sis,  Cancer  seu  Gangrce'na  Ossls,  Exosto'sis, 
While  Swelling  (of  some).  A  term  of  no  definite 
meaning,  as  is  obvious  from  these  various  words 
having  noon  considered  its  synonymes.  By  some, 
it  is  defined  to  be  —  a  disease  of  the  osseous  sys- 
tem, in  which  the  texture  of  the  bone  dilates, 
seeming  to  be  distended  with  air,  and  constitu- 
ting a  variety  of  osteo-sarcoma.  By  others,  it.  is 
considered  to  be  a  tumour  arising  from  an  internal 
caries  of  a  bone  ;  occurring  most  frequently  in  the 
carpus  or  tarsus.  The  term  itself  is  a  translation 
from  the  Arabic  of  Rhazes.  See,  also,  Hydrar- 
thrus,  and  Mollities  Ossium. 

Spina  Vbrtebralis,  Vertebral  column. 
SPINACH,  Spinacia. 
SPINACHIA,  Spinacia. 

SPINA'CIA,  Spinn'chia,  Spina' da  olera'cea, 
Spin' age,  Spinach,  (F.)  Epinard.  Ord.  Cheno- 
podiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Pentandria.  A 
plant  which  resembles  the  cabbage  in  its  dietetic 
powers.  The  leaves  boiled,  with  the  addition  of 
oil,  form  a  good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has 
been  used  in  phthisical  complaints  ;  but  its  medi- 
cinal properties,  if  it  have  any,  are  not  now  re- 
garded. 

Spinacia  Oleracea,  Spinacia. 
SPINJ3,     Spinous    processes  —  s.    Ventositas, 
Spina  ventosa. 

SPINAGE,  Spinacia. 

SPINAL,  Spina'lis,  Spino'sns,  Spina'tus,  lia- 
ehid'ian,  (F.)  Epiniere,  Rachidien,  from  spina, 
'  the  spine.'  That  which  relates  to  the  vertebral 
column. 

Spinal  Arteries,  Arteries  spinales,  are  two  in 
number,  viz  :  1.  The  posterior  spinal,  Artere  me- 
diane  posterieure  dv  Rachis,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from 
the  vertebral,  near  the  corpora  pyramidalia,  and 
descends  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  distributing  its  ramifications  to  it.  2. 
The  anterior  spinal  artery,  A.  mediane  anterieure, 
(Ch.,)  is  larger  than  the  last,  and  arises,  also,  from 
the  vertebral.  It  descends,  in  a  serpentine  man- 
ner, upon  the  anterior  surface  of  the  marrow  ; 
furnishes  ramusculi  to  it,  and  unites  with  that  of 
the  opposite  side,  opposite  the  foramen  magnum 
occipitis.  A  very  tortuous  branch  arises  from 
this  union,  which  descends  as  far  as  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  marrow,  to  which  it  sends  nume- 
rous divisions. 

The  term  Spinal  Arteries  or  Rachidian  Arte- 
ries is  also  given,  in  the  abstract,  to  all  the  arte- 
ries of  the  spinal  marrow  and  vertebral  canal. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  veins  and  nerves. 
Spinal  Cord,  Medulla  spinalis. 
Spinal  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  rachidiens,  in 
the  abstract,  are  the  foramina  formed  by  every 
two  contiguous  vertebrae,  through  which  the  spi- 
nal nerves  issue.  See  Vertebral.  The  term  Fo- 
ra'men  Spina' le  seu  spino'sum  is  especially  ap- 
plied, however,  to  a  small  foramen,  in  front  of  the 
spinous  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  through 
which  the  middle  artery  of  the  dura  mater  enters 
the  cranium.  It  is,  likewise,  called  Foramen 
sphena-spino'sum,  (F.)  Trou  Spheno-epineux  ou 
petit  rond,   Trnu  epineux. 

Spinal  Ganglion,  see  Encephalon. 
SPINAL  Irrita'tion.  Rhachialgi'tis,  RhachiaV- 
gia,  Newral'gia  spina'lis,  Notal'gia.  A  modern 
pathological  view,  which  refers  most  nervous  dis- 
eases to  irritation  of  the  spinal  cord.  This  irri- 
tation is  presumed  to  be  indicated  by  tenderness 
on  pressure  over  the  spinous  process  of  one  or 
more  vertebrae,  or  over  the  nerves  proceeding 
from  the  cord  and  distributed  to  the  parts  at  the 
sides   of  the  spine.     Such   tenderness,  however, 


by  no  means  indicates  the  pathological  condition 
in  question,  as  it  is  often  met  with  in  those  en- 
joying perfect  health.  The  treatment  advised  is 
cupping  and  counter-irritation  on  each  side  of 
the  spine,  which  may  be  beneficial  in  such  dis- 
eases, no  matter  what  part  of  the  frame  may  he 
in  a  morbid  state,  by  exciting  a  new  and  revel- 
lent  impression  on  a  very  sensible  portion  of  the 
cutaneous  surface. 

Spinal  Nerve,  Ac'cessory  of  the  Par  vagtim  or 
Sth  pair,  Accessory  nerve  of  ]\'i//is.  Spinal  Acces- 
sory, Superior  res' 'piratory  N.,  Eleventh  pair  of  cn- 
cephalic  nerves,  (F.)  Spino-cranio-trapfzien,  Tin. 
chSlo-dorsal  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  medulla  spi- 
nalis, within  the  vertebral  canal,  between  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  roots  of  the  cervical  nerves, 
at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  cranium. 
The  roots  unite  to  form  the  nerve,  which  ascends 
into  the  cranium  through  the  foramen  magnum 
of  the  occipital  bone,  and  issues  by  the  foramen 
lacerum  posterius,  crossing  the  sterno-cleido-mas- 
toideus,  to  which  it  gives  filaments,  and  losing 
itself  entirely  on  the  trapezius  muscle.  The  pneu- 
mogastric  and  spinal  accessory  nerves  together — 
nerrus  vagus  cum  accesso'rio — resemble  the  spinal 
nerves;  the  former,  with  its  ganglion,  being  the 
posterior  root ;  the  latter,  the  anterior. 

Spinal  Nerves,  Vertebral  nerves  —  s.  Prolon- 
gation, Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  System  of  Nerves,  see  Nerves. 

SPINALES  COLLI  MINOR ES,  Interspinals 
colli  —  s.  et  Transversales  lumborum,  Trans ver- 
salis  dorsi. 

SPINALIS  CERVICIS,  Semi-spinalis  colli  — 
s.  Colli.  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Spinalis  Dorsi.  Spinalis  Dorsi  major,  (F.) 
Grand  epineux  du  dos.  Winslow  calls  thus  some 
fleshy  fasciculi,  which  are  situate  on  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes :  from  the  third  dorsal 
vertebra  to  the  first  or  second  lumbar:  and  which 
form  part  of  the  trans  verso-spin  alis  of  most  au- 
thors. The  same  anatomist  calls — Spina'lis  Dorsi 
minor,  Petit  epineux  du  dos — some  small,  fleshy 
fibres,  situate  on  each  side  of  the  interspinal  liga- 
ment. They  are  short,  flat,  and  pass  from  one 
spinous  process  to  the  other.  Like  the  preceding, 
they  form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis.  All 
these  fleshy  fasciculi  strengthen  the  vertebral 
column. 

SPTNATT,  Interspinals  colli. 

SPINATUS,  Spinal. 

SPINDLE  TREE,  Euonymus  Americanus. 

SPINE,  Vertebral  column  —  s.  Curvature  of 
the,  Gibbositas — s.  Haemal,  Sternum  —  s.  Neural, 
Spinous  process. 

SPINGEL,  Anethum. 

SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALTS.  Rectus  ca- 
pitis posticus  major — s.  Axo'ido-tracheli-atlo'idien, 
Obliquus  inferior  capitis. 

SPINITIS.  Mvelitis. 

SPINNICK,  Nanus. 

SPINO-DORSITIS,  Mvelitis. 

SPINOLA,  see  Hvdrorachis. 

SPINOSUS,  Spinal. 


SPINOUS,     Spino'sus,      (F.)     Epineux, 


th< 


Having  the  shape  of  a 


from 
spine 


spina,  ' a 
or  thorn. 

Spinous  Proo"esses  or  Apoph'yses  of  the 
Ver'tebrcB,  Acan'thce,  Spina,  Cynol'ophoi,  Neural. 
Spines  of  Mr.  Owen,  (F.)  Apophyses-  e"pineuses, 
are  sittiate  at  the  posterior  part  of  each  vertebra, 
and  afford  attachment  to  the  muscles,  whose  office 
it  is  to  extend  the  spine.     See  Vertebra. 

SPINTHEROPLA,  Confusio. 

SPINULA,  Pin. 

SPIRAC'ULA,  (F.)  Spiracules,  from  spiro,  'I 
breathe,'  'Breathing-holes.'  Respiratory  pores 
of  the  skin. 

SPIR.E  CEREBRI,  Convolutions,  cerebral. 


SriRJEA   DEN  UD  ATA 


859 


SPIRIT 


SPIR-fiA  DENUDATA,  B.  ulmaria. 

a    Fimpbn'di  i. a,    Filipendula,    - 
i  bra,    Dropioort,  iF.)    Filipendule.     Ord. 
-^  leosandria    Pentagynia. 

k  of  this  plant  i»  said  to  p  ww  u  astringent 
and  lithontriptic  virtues. 

i  \    Loba'ta,  Sf.   PeUma'ta,   V"  en  of  the 
Prairie,  American  Meadowweet.     An  oil,  n  bi  m 
Wing  .ileum  gaultherisB,  is  obtained  i'ruiu  the  roots 
and  b< 

SpirjBA   Opuxifo'lia,   Opulue-leaved    Spiraa, 
Bark,  li. is  similar  properties. 

Simi: y.  v  P  \i.mat  \,  S.  lobata. 

BpiRiCA   Tombntosa,  Hardhack,   Red  meadow- 
>>ieepU  bunk,  Roty  bunk,    Whit-    leaf.     The 
rout    of  this   indigenous    species,    Spira 

.  which  is  abundant  in  the  northern  States 
of  the  Union,  is   tonic  and   astringent;    and  is 
usually  administered  either  in   the  form  of  ex- 
tract or  decoction,  [Spiraa  3ssj  aqum  Oj.) 
ea  Trtfoliata,  Gillenia  trifoliate. 

SiMit.r.  v  Ulma'ria,  S.  denuda'ta,  Ulmaria,  U. 
palut'trie,  Regi'na  Prati,  Barba  eapra,  Bar'bula 
tapri'na,  Meadow  Sweet,  Queen  of  tl<e  M 
(F.)  Ulmaire,  SpirSe  ulmaire,  Reim  dee  Pp€%, 
Vignette,  fferbt  anx  Abeillee.  The  leaves  hare 
been  recommended  as  mild  astringents  and  diu- 
retica  —  the  flower?  as  antispasmodics  and  dia- 
phoretics. 

BPIRAMENTA  PULMONUM,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMENTUM   ANIM.fi,  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMINA  PALPEBRARUM,  Lachrymal 
puncta —  S.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRATIO,  Respiration. 

8PIR&E  TJLMAIRE,  Spirssa  ulmaria. 

SPIRIT,  Spir'itue :  from  epirare,  'to  breathe, 
to  exhale  :'  F.  I  E*prit,  AleoolaL  A  name  given 
to  every  liquid  product  of  distillation.  Spirits 
were  formerly  distinguished  into  —  inflammable, 
acid,  and  alkaline  ;  and  consequently  a  number 
-  were  crowded  together,  which  often 
resembled  each  other  in  no  other  property  than 
in  being  volatile.  The  term  is  now  confined  to 
alcoholic  liquors,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
chief: 

Arrack.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm  sugar, 
named  jaggery,  fermented  with  the  hark  of  the 
Mimota  leucophlea  ;  also  from  rice  and  the  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  Palm;  made  in  India.  Its 
varieties  are: — 

1.  Mahteah  Arrmck.  Made  in  India  from  the 
flowers  of  the  Madhuoa  tree,  Jl<tnsi<t  butyracea. 

2.  Tuba.  Made  from  palm  wine,  in  the  Phi- 
lippine Islands. 

Anika.  Distilled,  by  the  Tartars,  from  kou- 
mis,  fermented  maris'  milk. 

Araki.    Distilled  from  dates,  by  the  Egyptians. 

Arika.  A  variety  ofkonmis,  distilled  from  fer- 
m  tit.'  1  mares'  milk,  in  Tartary  and  Iceland. 

Brandy.  Distilled  from  wine,  figs,  peaches,  per- 
simmon, apple,  mulberries,  and  sometimes  other 
fruits,  in  Europe,  Asia,  North  and  South  Ame- 
rica, wherever  wine  is  made.  The  best  brandy 
is  that  of  Cognac;  the  next,  that  of  Bordeaux 
and  Roohelle.      The  varieties  are  — 

1.  Aguardiente,  (S.)  In  Peru,  the  common 
brandy  obtained  from  grapes  ia  the  Aguardiente 
de  Piecn,  bo  called,  because  shipped  at  the  port 
of  Pisco.  Another  kind,  much  dearer,  and  of 
excellent  flavour,  is  made  from  Muscatel  grapes, 
and  is  called  Aguardiente  de  lt<ilin.  It  is  some- 
times Been  i„  the  United  Stat   -. 

2.  A"-.     Made  from  rice,  in  Siam. 

3.  Rakin.  Made  in  Dalmatia  from  the  husks 
of  grope*  mixed  with  aromattes. 

4.  Rotenlio.  Made  at  Dantzio,  from  a  com- 
pound of  brandy,  rossolis,  and  other  plants. 


j.  Trotter.  Made  on  the  Rhine,  from  the  husks 
of  grapes,  fermented  with  harlev  and  rye. 

6,   Sekie-kayavodkot     Made  from   the    li 
wine  and  fruit  at  Scio. 

Geneva,  Ihilhimlx,  (genievre,  French  for  juni- 
per. )      Distilled  from  malted  harlev  and  ry» 

tilled  on  juniper  berries,  in  Holland.     Its  variety 
is  — 

din.     Made   in   England,  from   malted   barley, 
tatoes :  rectified  with  turpentine. 

Ooldwaeter.  Distilled  at  Dantsic,  from  wheat, 
harlev.  and  rye.  rectified  with  aniseed,  cinnamon, 
and  other  spice.-. 

Kireehwaeeer.  Distilled  from  the  Malachcb 
cherry,  in  Switzerland. 

Maraeehino.  Distilled  from  the  Macar.-ka 
cherry,  at  Zara,  the  capital  of  Dalmatia. 

Amir,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  termi- 
nal syllable  of  the  word  taccharum  :  but  the  abo- 
riginal Americans  call  this  liquor  Rom.)  Dis- 
tilled, in  the  West  Indies  and  Smith  America, 
from  cane-sugar  and  molasses,  and  in  North 
America  from  maple-sugar.      Its  variety  is  — 

Slatkaia  frava.  Made  in  Eamtschatka,  from 
a  sweet  grass. 

Show-choo.  Distilled,  in  China,  from  the  lees 
Of  mandarin,  a  wine  made  from  boiled  rice. 

Whitky,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  usque, 
the  first  two  syllables  of  uequebagh,  the  original 
name  in  Ireland.)  Distilled,  in  Scotland  and  Ire- 
land, from  malted  and  raw  harlev.  rye,  oats,  and 
potatoes  :  and  in  the  south  of  France,  from  sloes. 
In  Ireland  it  was  called  buil-ceann,  or  madness 
of  the  head.  The  best  Scotch  whisky  is  Glenlivet, 
the  best  Irish,  Enniehowen. 

T-wer-a.  Distilled,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
from  the  root  of  the  Tee-root,  haked,  pounded, 
and  fermented. 

To  these  may  he  added  an  intoxicating  liquor 
made  hy  the  AfTghanistans,  from  ewes'  milk  : 
and  that  made  in  Eamtschatka,  from  a  species 
of  mushroom,  named  muchumer. 

Spirit  ok  Ammonia,  Fktio.  Spiritus  ammoniaj 
foetidus — s.  of  Ammonia,  succinated,  Spiritus  am- 
monia' BUCcinatUB  —  B.  of  Aniseed,  Spiritus  anisi. 

Spirit,  Bathing,  Freeman's,  see  Linimentum 
saponis  compos. — s.  Bathing.  Jackson's,  see  Lini- 
mentum saponis  compos.  —  s.  Bezoardic  of  Bus- 
.-ius,  see  Bussii  spiritus  Bezoarticus — s.  Bone,  Li- 
quor volatilis  eornu  cervi. 

Spirit  op  Bdrrhus,  Burrhi  spiritus  matricalis 
— s.  of  Camphor.  Spiritus  Camphors* — s.  of  (ana- 


way,    opiritus    earui 


of  Cnlchicum,   ainmoni 


ated,  Spiritus   colchioi   ammoniatns  —  s.  of  Cin- 
namon,  Spiritus    cinnatnomi  —  s.  of  Ether,   aro- 
matic. Spiritus  BBtheris  aromaticus. 
Spirit.  Fuming,  of  Brgi  in,  Ammonias sulphure- 

tum — s.  Fumimr.  of  Boyle.  Ammonia' s  ul  phuret  uni. 

Spirit  of  Hartshorn,  Liquor  volatilis  eornu 

cervi  —  s.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Spiritus 
armoracise  compositns — s.  of  Juniper,  compound, 
Spiritus  juniperi  compositns  —  s.  of  Lavender, 
Spiritus  la  van  dulse — s.  of  Lavander,  compound, 
Spiritus  lavandulse  compositns — b.  of  Minden  rns, 
Liquor  ammonise  aoetatis  —  s.  of  Nitre, 
Spiritus  BBtheris  nitrici — s.  of  Nitric  ether,  Spiri- 
tus BBtheris  nitrici  —  s.  of  Pennyroyal,  Spiritus 
pulegii — s.  of  Peppermint,  Spiritus  menthse  pipe- 
ritSB — s.  of  Pimento.  Spiritus  pimentSB. 

Spirit,  Proof,  Spiritus  tenuior — s.  Pyroxylin, 
Spiritus  Pyrosylicua. 

Spirit  ok  Rosbmart,  Spiritus  rosmarini — s.  of 
Salt,  Muriaticum  acidum — s.  of  Scurvygrass, 
goldep,  see  Spiritus  armoraeia1  compositns  —  s.  of 
Spearmint,  Spiritus  mentbss  viridis —  s.  of  Sul- 
phuric ether,  Spiritus  se theris  sulphnriei — s.  of  Sub 
pburio  ether,  compound,  Spiritus  Bstberis  sulphu- 
rioi  compositns  —  s.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  terc- 
binthinaa  rectificatum. 


SPIRITS,    ANIMAL 


860 


SPIRITUS 


Spirit,  Verdigris,  Aceticum  acidura. 

Spirit  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid — s.  of  Wine 
Spiritus  rectiiicatus —  s.  of  Wine  and  camphor 
Spiritus  caraphorae. 

Spirit,  Wood,  Spiritus  Pyroxylieus. 

SPIRITS,  AXIMAL,  Nervous  fluid. 

SPIRITUOUS,  Alcoholic. 

SPIRITUS,  Breath,  Life,  Respiration,   Spirit   I 

—  s.  yEthereus  nitrosus,   Spiritus   setheris  nitrici 

—  s.  iEthereus  vitriolicus,  Spiritus    aetheris    sul- 
phurici. 

Spir'itus  YEtheris  Aromat'icus,  yEther  Sul- 
phu'rictts  cum  alcoho'le  aromat'icus,  Elix'ir  vi- 
trio'li  dulce,  Sweet  Elix'ir  of  Vit'riol,  Viga'ni's 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Aromat'ic  Spirit  of  Ether. 
(Cinnam.  cort.  contus.  3'uj,  car  dam.  sent,  contus. 
,"'*s>  pi peria  long!  fruet.  cont.,  zingib.  rad.  con- 
uis.,  sing.  3j,  spiritus  a?theris  sulphuric.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate, for  14  days,  in  a  stopped  glass  vessel  and 
strain.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  in 
nervous  affections.     Dose,  f^s  to  f  3j. 

Spiritus  yEtheris  Compositus,  Spiritus  iEthe- 
ris  sulphurici  compositus  —  s.  ^theris  hydro- 
chlorici,  Spiritus  iEtheris  muriatici. 

Spiritus  iETHERis  Muriati'ci,  Sp.  yE.  Hydro- 
chlo'riei,  Sp.  Muriat' icus  a?the' reus,  Sp.  Salis  dul- 
cis, yEther  Muriat'icus  alcohol' icns,  Spirit  of  hy- 
drochloric or  muriatic  ether.  Dulcified  marine 
acid.  An  old  preparation,  made  by  adding  one 
part  of  muriatic  acid  to  three  parts  of  rectified 
spirit,  and  distilling.  Its  action  is  like  that  of  the 
spiritus  aetheris  nitrici. 

Spiritus  J3theris  Ni'trici,  Sp.  yEtheris  ni- 
tro'sf  seu  nitri  dulcis  seu  yEthe' reus  nitro'sus, 
yEther  nitricus  alcoolisa'tus,  A"cidum  Nitri  ditlci- 
Jiea'tum,  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre,  Nitre  drops,  Spirit 
(if  Nitric  Ether,  (F.)  Ether  azoteux  alcoolise,  Li- 
queur anodine  nitreuse.  (Nitrate  of  Potassa,  in 
coarse  powder,  Ifoij,  Sulphuric  acid,  tbiss  ;  Alco- 
hol, Oixss;  Diluted  Alcohol,  Oj  ;  Carbonate  of  Po- 
tassa, ^j.  Mix  the  nitrate  of  potassa  and  the 
alcohol  in  a  large  glass  retort,  and  having  gradu- 
ally poured  in  the  acid,  digest  with  a  gentle  heat 
for  two  hours;  then  raise  the  heat,  and  distil  a 
gallon.  To  the  distilled  liquor  add  the  diluted 
alcohol  and  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  again  distil 
a  gallon. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  refrigerant,  diuretic, 
antispasmodic,  and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  gtt.  xxv 
to  f^j.     Specific  gravity,  0-834. 

Spiritus  JEtheris  Oleosus,  Spiritus  Athens 
sulphurici  compositus,  Oleum  aethereum. 

Spiritus  iETHERis  Sulphu'rici,  yEther  Sul- 
phuricus  cum  Alcoho'le,  Liquor  yEthe' reus  Sul- 
phuric us,  t  Spiritus  Vitrioli  dulcis,  S.  yEtheris 
vitriol' ici.  Liquor  Sulphuricus  alcoolisa'tus,  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether.  (yEther.  sulphuric.  Oss; 
sp.  rect.  Oj.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant,  diapho- 
retic, diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  f£ss 
to  f  £iij. 

Spiritus  YEtheris  Sulphurici  Compos'itus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842),  S.  cBtheris  vitriol'ici  composi- 
tus seu  yE'theris  compositus  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851)  seu 
Spiritus  (Bthe'reus  oleo'sus,  Liquor  anod'ynus  seu 
anodi/nus  mi ner a' lis  Hqffmanni,  Compound  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether,  Hoffmann's  Anodyne  Liquor, 
(F.)  Ether  hydrique  alcoolise,  Ether  sulfurique 
alcoolise,  Esprit  d'  Ether  sulfurique,  Liqueur  ano- 
dine d' Hoffman.  (yEther  Sulphuric.  Oss ;  Alcohol, 
Oj  ;  01.  yEther.  f  ^iij.  Ph.  U.  S.  Ph.  L.)  Mix. 
A  stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Specific  gravity, 
0-816. 

Spiritus  JEtheris  Vitriolici  Compositus, 
Spiritus  aetheris  sulphuric,  comp. 

Spiritus  Ammo'nijs,  Al'kali  ammoni'acum 
spirit uo' sum,  Al'cohol  ammonia' turn,  Sp.  salis  am- 
moni'aci,  Sp.  s(dis  ammoni'aci  vino'sus  seu  dulcis 
seu  dulcifica'tus,  Ammoni'aca  alcoholisa'ta,  Li- 
quor ammo' nil  vino'sus,  L.  ammonia  spirituo'sus, 


Li.iir'imn  ammoniaca'le  vino'sum,  Solu'tio  svb- 
carbona'ti*  ammoni'aci.  spirit  no' sa,  (F.)  Esprit 
d'ammom'aqne.  (Amnion,  muriat.  in  pulv.  sub- 
tilissitn.,  calcis,  aa  ft  j  ;  alcohol.  f5xx;  aquae, 
fjfix.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake  the  lime; 
tiie  muriate  of  ammonia  is  then  well  mixed  with 
it,  and  by  means  of  heat,  the  ammonia  is  made  to 
pass  into  the  distilled  water  contained  in  a  quart 
bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  f^ss  to  f 33. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Aromat'icus,  Alcohol  am- 
monia'tum  aromaticum,  Spiritus  salis  volat'ilis 
oleo'sus  seu  volatilis  aromaticus  seu  ammonia?  com- 
jjos'itus,  Sal  volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Tinctu'ra 
aromatica  ammoniata,  Liquor  oleo'sus  Sylvii,  Lix- 
iv'ium  ammoniaca'le  aromaticum,  Aromatic  ammOr 
nia'ted  Alcohol.  Sal  volatile  Drops.  {Ammon. 
muriat.  j|v;  Potass,  carb.  ^viij  ;  cinnam.  cont., 
caryophyll.  cont.  aa  3U  :  Limon.  cort.  ]§iYj  alco- 
hol.,  aqua?  aa,  Ov.  M.  Distil  Ovijss.  Stimulant. 
Dose,  f  £ss  to  f  3j. 

Spiritus  Ammonijs  Compositus,  Spiritus  aro- 
maticus. 

Spiritus  Ammonite  Fce'tidus,  Sp.  volat'ilis 
foetidus,  Al'cohol  ammonia' turn  foetid  urn,  Tinctu'- 
ra asafoztida?  ammoniata,  Fetid  Spirit  of  Ammo- 
)iia,  Fit  Drops.  (Ammon.  muriat.  ^x,  Potass,  carb. 
3xvj.  Sp.  rectificat.,  Aqua?  aa.  Oiij,  (Imp.  rneas.) 
Assafa>tid.  gv,  Distil.  Oiij,  (Imp.  meas.)  Mace- 
rate for  12  hours,  and  distil  Oiss.  Ph.  L.)  Stimu- 
lant and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f  ^ss.  to  fsjj- 

Spiritus  Ammonite  Succina'tus,  Sp.  Ammo- 
nia? cum  Suc'cino,  Sp.  Salis  Ammoni'aci  lactes'- 
cens  seu  lacteus,  Tinctu'ra  amrno'nia?  composita, 
Ammoni'acum  succina'tnm,  Aqua  Lu'cia?,  Liquor 
ex  Ammonia  et  Oleo  Suc'cini,  L.  ex'citans,  Succi- 
nated  Spirit  of  Ammonia,  Common  Eau  de  Luce. 
(Mastich.  3!U>  SP-  rect.  f^ix,  °^  Lavand.  gtt.  xiv, 
ol.  succin.  gtt.  iv,  liq.  ammon.  f^fx.  Macerate 
the  mastich  in  the  alcohol,  and  pour  off  the  clear 
tincture:  add  the  rest  and  shake.  Ph.  L.)  Stimu- 
lant and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  i^s,  or 

f3J- 

Spiritus  Animales,  see  Nervous  fluid. 

Spiritus  Axi'si,  Sji.  Anisi  compos'itus,  Aqua 
anisi for'tis,  A.  Sem'inum  Anisi  composita,  Spirit 
of  An'isecd,  (F.)  Esprit  d'anis.  (Anisi  sem.  cont. 
ftss,  spirit  tenuior.  cong.,  aqua?  quod  satis  sit  ad 
prohibendum  empyreuma.  Fh.  L.)  Carmina- 
tive. Dose,  fgss  to  f^ss.  In  the  compound 
spirit,  angelica  is  usually  an  ingredient. 

Spiritus  Axthos,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Spiritus  Armora'ci^e  Compos'itus,  Sp.  Raph'- 
ani  compositus,  Aqua  Raphani  composita,  Com- 
pound Spirit  of  Horseradish,  (F.)  Esprit  de  rai- 
fort  compose.  (Armorac.  rad.  recent,  concis., 
entrant,  cort.  exsicc,  sing.  ftj,  myrist.  nuc.  contus. 
^ss,  spirit,  ten.  cong.,  aqua?  q.  s.  ad  prohibendum 
empyreuma.  Ph.  L.)  Simulant  and  antiscor- 
butic. [?]     Dose,  fgj  to  f £'iy. 

The  Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  grass  —  an  em- 
pirical preparation  —  is  formed  by  adding  gam- 
boge ^viij,  to  one  gallon  of  the  sp.  armoracias 
compositus. 

Greenough's  Tincture  for  the  teeth  is  formed  of 
amygd.  at/tar.  ^ij,  lig.  Bresil.,  cassia?  bacc,  aa 
3'V,  irid.  Florent.  ^ ij.  coccinell.,  sal.  aeetosella?, 
alum,  aa  %],  sj).  vin.  rect.  Oij,  sp.  armoracice  comp. 
f^ss. 

Spiritus  Beguinis,  Ammonia?  sulphuretum  — 
s.  Bellidis,  see  Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Spiritus  Camph'or,*;,  Sp.  Camphora'tus  seu 
vino'sus  camphoratus,  Tinctu'ra  Camphora?  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Spirit  of  Wine  and  Camphor,  Spirit  of 
Camphor,  ( F.)  Esprit  de  Camphre,  Alcoof  camphre, 
Eau  de  Vie  camphree.  (Camphor.  £iv,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Dissolve.)  Stimulant,  anodyne  and  discu- 
tient.     Used  only  externally. 


SPIRITUS 


SGI 


SPIRITUS 


BPIRITUS  Car'ot,  Sp.  Cart  Garni, 

Caruifortia  seu  Sem'inum  Carui,  Spirit  of 
C«r' raway,  Strong  Carui  Water*,  (F.)  Esprit  de 
Oarvi.     (Carui  tern.  cunt.  Ibiss,  Sp.  tennio  . 
aqua  q.  8.     Distil  ■  gallon.     Ph.  L.)    Carmina- 

•  r.~.i  '"  '.Vs- 

Spiritcs    Cimnavo'mi,  Sp.   Lauri  Ctmnamomi, 

A'lmt   Cinnamomi  J  Oinnam,  epirituo'ea, 

Spirit    of    Cin'namon,     Strong     Cinnamon     )\'<t- 

t  <lt   Cannelle.     [Cort.einnam.gr, 

7M,       Stimulant   and   carminative. 

i    I         hici    A'mcoNiA'TUS,    Tinetn'ra 

i  ,'   Compos'ita,   Ammoniated  Spirit 

ekicum,  Compound  Tim-tun  of  Colchicum. 

$p.  amnion,  aromat.  Oj.   /'//.  /,.) 

tic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.     Used  in  gout, 

rheumatism,   and    dropsy.     Dose,  from  gtt.  xxx 

Bpiritcs  Cornd  Cbrvt,  Liqnor  rolatilis  C.C. — 
r.  Bee  Alcohol — b.  Fumans  Beguini,  Atn- 
i    salphuretum  —  s.  Genitalis,  Aura  scininis 
— -.  Jamaicensis,  Rum. 

Bpiriti  s  .1  dnip'bri  Compos'itis,  Anna  Junip' - 
fri  compotita,  Compound  Spirit  of  Junip* 

01,  junip.  "Jig,  OL 

,  niritl.,  aa  t^x  ;   Alcohol  dilut.  cong. 

Solve.   1'h.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic.    Dose, 

133  to  ».v-- 

Bpiriti  s  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Spiritue  cinna- 
momi. 

BPIRITUS  Lavax'tht..*-:.  Sp.  Lavandula  spiccp 
seu  Lavand.  simplex,  Lavender  Water,  (F.)  Esprit 
dt  Lavande.  (Lavand.  recent.  Ibij.  Alcohol. 
COBg.,  'iqiia?  Oij.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  1".  S.) 
Iding  the  oil  to  rectified  spirit. 
1  '-■  1  as  a  perfume  chiefly. 

Bpiritds  Lavandula  CoifPOS'irna,   Tinetn'ra 
Lavandula  compotita,  Red  Hartshorn,   Lavender 
■  tiud  Spirit  of  I.'tr.  nder,  (F.)  Esprit 
,  .   Lay  Sp.  Lavand.  Oiij.,  sp.  ros- 

marin.  Oj,  cttutam.  contus.^j.  myrietie.  cont  ^ss, 
yll.  '•"lit-  J5'J>  s,">t"/i  conois.  SJiij.    Mace- 
;   1 1  days,  and  filter  through  paper.     Ph. 
1      S.       Stimulant.      Dose,  gtt  xl  to  f!Jij. 
Bpiritob  Lbthalis,  Carbonio  acid  —  s.  Lum- 
rum,  Liquor  rolatilis  cornu  eervi. 
■its  Msnthjb  Pipbri'tjb,  Sp.  Mentha  pi- 
perit'idis,  Aqna  Mentha  piperit'idis  spirituo'sa, 
Peppermint,    (F.)    Esprit    de    Menthe 
(Olei.  menth.  pip.    r)\>s.    *P*    recti/. 
aqua,  q.  8.     Distil  a  gallon.    Ph.  L.)    Car- 
minative and  stimulant.      Dose,  fSfss  to  f^iij. 

ins  Mi-Miir.  Sativ.e,  Bpiritus  menthae 
viridis. 

ins  Mknth.k  Vnt'mis,  Spiritus   mrutlxp 

snti'ra,  Aqua  Mentha  vulga'ris  spirituo'sa, Spirit 

■  .mint,  (F.)  E*]>>it  tic  Menthe  vert.     {Olei 

Menth.    virid.   J^viss,  sp.  reetif.  Oivss,  07.  q.  s. 

Distil  a  gallon.     Ph.  L.)     Like  the  last  in  pro- 

SPIRITUS  MlLLBPBDARUX,  Liquor  cornu  eervi 
— r.  Muriaticus  aethereus,  Spiritus  iEtheris  muri- 
ati'-i. 

Spiritus  Myris'ttc.*,  8p.  Myristica  Moscha'- 
,  rVuei*  Moschata,  Aqna  Nueis  Mosehata  seu 
Nephrit'iea,  Nutmeg   Wn  prit  de  Mus- 

Myrist.  cont  Jij,  Alcohol,  dil.  cong., 
aona  Oj.  Distil  n  gallon.)  Cordial  and  carmi- 
native.    Dose,  fgj  to  fgiv. 

BPIRITUl  Mykti  Pimknt.f..  Spiritus  pimento? 
—  B.  Nitri  aoidus,  Nitric  acid  —  B.  Nitri  dulcis, 
Spiritus  SBtheris  nitrici —  B.  Nitri  duplex,  Nitric 
acid  —  s.    Xitri    finnans,    Nitric    aeid  —  B.  Nitri 

•i.  Nitric  acid —  s.  Nitri  sill 
trie  acid  —  s.  Nitri  vulgaris,  Bee  Nitric  aeid  — s. 
Spiritus  myristicsa — b.  Ophthal- 
lereri,  Liquor  ammonias  aeetaUa. 


Spiritdi  PimbU'tjb,   Sp.  Myrti   Pimrnta  seu 

Pimento,  Aqna   Mirab'ilis,  Spirit   of    Pimento. 

(01.   Piment.  f.  ,^  j,  Alcohol,  dilut.  cong.     Solve. 

.  S.)   Cordial  and  carminative.     Dose,  f ,^j 

to  f.^iv. 

rrtst   Pdlb'six,  Aqna  Pulegii  spirituo'sa, 

Spirit  of  Pennyroyal,  Spirituous  Pennyroyal  Wa- 

'     .     I.     Esprit  dc  Pouliot.     (Olei  puleg 

yp.  reet.  Oirse,  «7»<e,  q.  s.     Distil  a  gallon.     I  h. 

rit  of  spearmint  in  properties 

and  dose. 

Bpiriti  a  Ptro-aobticus,  Acetone. 

BPIRITUB  l'vnox  vi.'k  is,  PyroryVie  spirit, 
Wood  spirit,  Wood  alcohol,  Pyroxylic  alcohol, 
Methyl ic  u/cohid,  Hy'drated  oxide  ofmeihyle,  Bi- 
hydrate  of  Meth'ylene,  (F.)  Esprit  pyrorylique, 
Esprit  de  Ixds.  This  substance  is  bj  some  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  article  given  in  phthisis, 
by  Dr.  Hastings,  under  the  names  Naphtha  and 
Wood  Naphtha.  It  was  probably,  however,  the 
Pyro-aeetie  «]>irit.  See  Acetone.  When  irood 
is  subjected  to  destructive  distillation,  about  one 
per  cent,  of  an  inflammable  volatile  liquid,  along 
with  other  products,  passes  over,  which,  when  se- 
parated and  purified,  constitutes  pyroxylio  spirit 
It  is  given  in  the  same  cases  and  do^es  as  Ace- 
tone. 

Bpirittts  Ebctifica'tus,  Sp.  Vint  rectificatus 
sen  vino'sus  rectificatus,  (Enostag'ma,  CEnela'- 
iiiu,  Pyrce'nus,  Al'eohol,  A.  Vini,  Spirit  of  Wine, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Yin  recti/ie.  Rectified  spirit  is 
much  used  in  Pharmacy  to  dissolve  resinous  and 
other  substances.  It  is  seldom  exhibited  inter- 
nally ;  although  it  exists  in  the  diluted  state  in 
all  vinous  and  spirituous  liquors.  Externally,  it 
is  employed  as  a  diseutient — B.  g.,  according  to 
the  London  Pharmacopoeia,  O'fi  ling  to 

that  of  Dublin,  0*840  j  of  Edinburgh  and  United 
States,  0-835,  (see  Alcohol,)  and  of  Paris,  0-319 
to  0-827. 

Spiritus  Rector,  Aroma — s.  Raphani  compo- 
situs.  Spiritus  armoracia)  compositus — s.  lloiife- 
r u -.  <!a/.  sanguinis. 

Bpiritds  Rosmari'ki,  S)>.  Roemarini  <; 
lis,   >]>.  Anthos,    Sjiin't  of  Rosemary,    Hungary 
Water,  (F.J  Esprit  de  Romarin.     (01.  roemarini 
f^iv,  Alcohol,  cong.    Solve.     Ph.  I'.  S.J     Stimu- 
lant    Dose,  fgj  tofgiv. 

BPIRITU8  SALIS  AciDDS  seu  Ft  mans.  Muriati- 
cum  acidum  —  8.  Salisammoniaei,  Bpiritus  am- 
monias— s.  Salis  ammoniaoi  aquosus,  Liquor  am- 
monias —  s.  Salis  ammoniac i  lactesoens  sen  lac- 
teus,  Spiritus  ammonia'  siiecinatus — s.  Salis  am- 
moniaci  Bulphuratus,  AmmonisB  Bulphuretura  — 
s.  Salis  dulcis.  Spiritus  BBtheris  niuriatici  —  s.  Balis 
Olauberi,  Muriaticum  acidum — s.  Salis  marini, 
Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  Salis  marini  BOagulatUS, 
e  muriae— s.  Salis  volatilis  oleot>us,  Bpiritus 
ammonia'  aromaticus  —  B.  Bulphurico-sethereua 
camphoratus,  Tinctura  setherea  oomposita  —  s. 
Sulpburico-sethereus  martialis,  Tinctura  sen  Al- 
cohol Bulpburico-sethereus  ferri  —  s.  Bulphuris, 
Sulphurous  acid  —  s.  Bulphuris  per  eampanam, 
Sulphurous  acid  —  s.  Bulphuris  volatilis.  Ammo- 
nia' sulphuretum  —  B.  Sulphurosus  volatilis,  Sul- 
phurous aeid. 

Bpiriti  9  Tbhi  'ior,  Alcohol  dilu'tnm,  Spiritut 
.vino'sus  tenu'ior,  Proof  Spirit,  (F.)  Esprit  dc  vin 
dt'loi/c.  Generally  made  for  pharmaceutical  pur- 
by  mixing  equal  parts  of  rectified  spirit 
and  water.  B.  g  Lond.  D-°20;  Bdinb.  and  Uni- 
ted States.  0*935.     It  is  employed   in   t!. 

18  those  in  which  the  alcohol  is  used:  — 
chiefly,  a-  a  Bolvent  of  vegetable  matter.-,  in  the 
firm  of  tine: 

Bpiritus  Veneris,  Aceticum  acidum  —  s.  Vini 
Gallici,  Brandy — s.  Vini  rectificatus,  Bpiritus  reo- 

titicatus  — s.  Vinosus  camphoratus,  Spirit' 
phons — s.  Vino.-us  tenuior,  BpiritUS  tenuior  —  8. 


SPIROID  CANAL 


0  2 


SPLEXECTOPIA 


Yitalis,  Nervous  fluid  —  s.  Vitrioli.  Sulphuric 
acid  —  s.  Vitrioli  acidus  Voglcri,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  dilutum  —  b.  Vitrioli  coagulatus  Myn- 
siehti,  Potassae  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  dulcis,  Bpi- 
ritus  setheria  sulphurici — s.  Vitrioli  phlogistic;)  tus. 
Sulphurous  acid — s.  Volatilis  aromaticus,  Spiritus 
ammonias  aromaticus  —  s.  Volatilis  foetidus,  Spi- 
ritus ammonite  foetidus. 

SPIROID  CANAL,  Aquwdnctoa  Fallopii. 

SPIROM'ETER;  a  hybrid  term,  from  apiro, 
'I  breathe.'  and  fitrpov,  'a  measure:  —  properly 
Anapnom'eter,  Pneusoiu'eter,  Piieumnm'eter,  Pneu- 
matom'eter,  Pulmom'eter,  Pneumonom'eter.  Any 
instrument  for  measuring  the  quantity  of  air 
concerned  in  respiration,  and,  consequently,  the 
capacity  of  the  lungs.  This  mode  of  measure- 
ment has  been  called  Spirom'etry,  as  it  was 
formerly  called  Pulmom'etry.  The  term  spiro- 
meter is  now  usually  applied  to  a  kind  of  gaso- 
meter introduced  by  Dr.  Hutchinson  to  estimate 
the  quantity  of  air  contained  in.  or,  rather,  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs  under  different  circum- 
stances. 

SPIROPTERA  HOMINIS,  see  Worms. 

SPISSANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

SPIT,  Sputum. 

SPITAL,  Hospital. 

Spit'al,  Mineral  Waters  of.  The  village  of 
Spital  is  situate  on  the  south  side  of  the  Tweed, 
near  Tweed  mouth.  The  springs  there  contain 
chloride  of  calcium,  sulphate  of  sorla,  sulphate 
and  carbonate  of  lime.  They  act  as  saline 
cathartics. 

SPITH'AMA,  a-i&afxn,  Dodrans.  A  measure 
of  twelve  fingers'  breadth,  or  about  nine  inches. 

SPITTING,  Exspuition. 

SPITTLE.  Saliva  — s.  Sweet,  see  Salivation. 

SPLANCIINA,  Entrails. 

SPLANCHNECTOPTA,  Splanchnodias'tasis, 
Situs  perver'sus  sen  anom'alua  intestino'rum  ;  from 
airXayXvov,  'an  intestine,'  ck.  'out  of,'  and  tokos, 
'place.'  Misplacement  or  ectopia  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

SPLANCHNELMINTHA.  Worms, 

SPLAXCHNEURYS'MA.  from  <j-\ayx.vov,  'an 
intestine.'  and  tvpvvu,  'I  dilate.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNIC,  Splanch'nicus,  Vis'eeral,  (F.) 
Splanekniqiie,  from  <m\ayXvuv,  'a  viscus.'  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  viscera. 

Splanchnic  Cav'ities  are  the  three  great  ca- 
vities of  the  body ; — those  of  the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Nerves  belong  to  the  great  sym- 
pathetic, and  are  two  in  number  on  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into:  —  1.  The  great 
splanchnic  nerve,  (F.)  Grand  surrenal  (Ch.), 
Its  roots — four  or  five  in  number — come  from  the 
fith,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  sometimes  the  10th,  tho- 
racic ganglia.  They  descend  inwards,  on  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  beneath  the  pleura, 
and  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  enters  the 
abdomen  through  a  separation  of  the  fleshy  fibres 
of  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm;  passes  behind 
the  stomach,  and  divides  into  several  branches, 
which  pass  into  the  semilunar  ganglion.  2.  The 
lewier  8)>lanchnic  nerve,  Renal  nerve,  (F.)  Sp/anch- 
tiique  aceeesoire  of  Walther,  Petit  surrenal,  (Ch.,) 
i*  composed  of  two  distinct  branches,  proceeding 
from  the  10th  and  11th  thoracic  ganglia,  which 
unite  on  the  12th  dorsal  vertebra  into  a  cord,  that 
pierces  the  diaphragm  singly;  enters  the  abdo- 
men, and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
anastomoses  with  the  greater  splanchnic  nerve, 
whilst  the  other  sends  its  filaments  to  the  renal 
and  solar  plexuses. 

Splanch'nica.  Medicines  adapted  to  diseases 
of  the  bowels.     Also,  the  2d  order  of  the  class 


Cadiacn  of  Good  ;  defined, — diseases  affecting  the 
collatitions  viscera,  and  characterized  by  disquiet 
or  diseased  action  in  the  organs  auxiliary  to  the 
digestive  process,  without  primary  inflammation. 

SPLANCHNODIASTASIS,  Splanchn ectopia, 

SPLAXCIINOD'YNE,  from  c~\ayXvov,  'a  vis- 
cus,' and  ohi'VT},  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  bowels. 

SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA,  Splanchnography. 

SPLtfNCHNOG'RAPHY,  Splanchnogra'phia, 
from  <jTr\ayXvov,  '  a  viscus,'  and  ypatyt),  'a  descrip- 
tion.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLANCIINOLITHI'ASIS;  from  <nrAayXvo„, 
'a  viscus.'  and  Atfloj.  'a  stone.'  The  formation 
of  a  calculous  concretion  in  any  viscus. 

SPLANCHNOLOGY,  Spl«nchnolog"ia,  from 
a-Xny^vov,  'a  viscus,'  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  viscera  : — also.  Splanchnography. 

SPLANCHNOPATIII'A.  from  c-XayXvov,  'a 
viscus,  and  ttuSos,  '  suffering.'  A  disease  of  the 
intestines. 

SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS,  from  Gn\ayXvov, 
'a  viscus,'  and  o-KXrjpos,  'hard.'  Induration  of  a 
viscus. 

S  PL  A  N  C  HN  0  T '  0  M  Y,  Splanchnotom'id, 
Splanchn ot'ome,  from  <rn\ayXvov,  'a  viscus,'  and 
T£,uiw,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  or  anatomy  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLAT-FOOT,  see  Eyllosis. 

SPLAYFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLEEN,  o-TrXrjv,  Lien,  Hepar  sinis'trum  sen 
adulteri'num,  Fomes  ventric' uli,  Milt,  (Sc.)  Melt, 
(F.)  Pate.  A  soft,  spongy,  parenchymatous 
organ  ;  of  a  more  or  less  deep  violet  red,  situate 
deeply  in  the  left  hypochondrium,  below  the  dia- 
phragm, above  the  colon,  between  the  great 
tuberosity  of  the  stomach  and  the  cartilages  of 
the  false  ribs,  and  above  and  anterior  to  the  kid- 
ney. Its  ordinary  length  is  4£  inches;  its  thick- 
ness 2h  :  and  its  weight  8  ounces.  Its  parenchyma, 
which  is  bathed  in  blood,  contains  a  multitude  of 
grayish,  soft,  and  semi-transparent  granulations 
—  splenic  corpuscles  or  Malpighian  bodies  of  the 
spleen.  It  is  covered  by  a  serous  membrane, 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum  ;  and  by  a  proper 
coat,  of  a  fibrous  nature,  which  is  intimately  united 
with  it,  and  transmits  into  its  interior  delicate, 
solid,  and  very  elastic  prolongations  —  trabecule, 
At  its  inner  edge  is  a  fissure,  Hilus  seu  Porta 
lie'nis,  by  which  the  vessels  and  nerves  enter  the 
organ.  The  functions  of  the  spleen  are  unknown. 
The  best  opinion  is,  that  it  appertains  to  haema- 
tosis,  and  acts  as  a  diverticulum  to  the  vascular 
system. 

Spleen,  Hypochondriasis  —  s.  Malpighian  bo- 
dies of  the,  see  Spleen  —  s.  Supernumerary, 
Lienculus. 

SPLEENWORT,  Aspleniura,  A.  filix  foemina, 
Asplenium  scolopendrium  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia 
asplenifolia. 

SPLEN,  Spleen. 

SPLENAL'GIA,  Neural'gia  lie'nis,  Sple'nica, 
Splenodijn'ia,  from  splen,  and  a\yos,  '  pain.'  Pain 
in  the  spleen. 

Splenalgia  Bengalensis,  see  Cachexia,  sple- 
nic—  s.  Phlegmonodea,  Splenitis  —  s.  Subinflam- 
matoria  chronica.  Splenoncus. 

SPLENATROPHTA,  Atroph'ia  Lie'nis,  from 
splen,  and  atrophia,  'atrophy.'  Wasting  or 
atrophy  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENAUXE.  Splenoncus. 

SPLENECTAMA,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENECTASIS.  Snlenoparectama. 

SPLENECTOM'IA,  Splenec'tome,  from  splen, 
ik,  'out  of,'  and  t£/ji<u>,  'I  cut.'  Extirpation  of 
the  spleen. 

SPLENECTOP'IA,  Disloca'tio  seu  Ertap'ia 
lie'nis  seu  splenis,  Anomosple)iotopie —  Piorry  ; 
from  splen,  and  ticro-os,  («,  and  tozos,)  '  out  of 


SPLEN'EMPIIRAXIS 


86 


SPONDLES 


.  of  the  spleen.    N<>t  :i  oommoD 
occurrence. 
BPLENEMPHR  iiX'IS,   Splenophrax'ia,  from 
.       ;  ruction 

— Vogel.     See  Splenoncua, 
•  ,EN  ES,  11  \  pochondrias 
SPLENE1   I1  US,  Sple'nieita,  Splenit'ie 

fiateleux.     That  which  relates  to  the 
',  ibouring  under  diseased  spleen.     A 
ine  adapted  for  diseases  of  the  Bpleen. 
SPLENIC,    Sple'nieita,    Sple'nitta,    (F.)    Splf- 
.     That  which    relates  to  the 
. 
Splenic  Artert.     It  arises  from  the  c 
sod   passes    from    right    to    left,   forming    many 
ng  the  upper  edge  of  the  pancreas, 
which  lodges  it  in  a  special  groove.     It  reaches 


term  applied  to  the  state  of  the  long  in  tin  first  or 
st-4i.ini  stage  of  pneumonia,  in  which  it.-  tissue  re- 
sembles that  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOCB'LE,  Her'nin  liena'lie,  from 
and   ki;A>;,  'a  tumour.'     Hernia  formed   by   the 
spleen. 

SPLBNODYNIA,  Splenal 

SPLENOG  RAPHY,  .\  leuograph'ia,  from 
tplen,  and  y,<"</"/.  'a  description.'  A  description 
of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOH.fi 'MIA,    (F.)    SpUnoh4mie,    from 
.  and  'iii/di,   'blood.'     Congestion  or  hyper- 
emia of  the  spleen,  a  common  phenomenon  in 
many  diseases,  especially  in  typhoid  ami  inter- 
mittent fe\ 

SPLENOID,  Splenoi'det,  Spleno'det,  bom 
pint,    ami    tiios,    •  resemblanee.'      Spleen-like. 


ure  of  the  Bpleen,  and  divides  into  Beveral     Haying  the  appearance  of  the  spleen 

ter  the  organ.     In  its  course  it         SPLBNOL'OGY,    SpUnolog"ia,    from 
furnishes  the  pancreatic,  left  gastroepiploic,  and     all(1  x«y^,«a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the 


i  ia. 
Splenic  Cai  hexia,  Bee  Cachexia  splenica  —  s. 

cell. 

kic  Plexds  is  a  nervous  network,  which 
Is  from  the  coeliao  plexus,  ami  acoom pa- 
nic artery,  Bending  secondary  plex- 
■     each  division. 
Splenic   Vein,    Vena   tple'niea,    V.   liena'lia, 
from  the  spleen,  and  accompanies  the  sple- 
nic artery:  proceeding  from  left  to  right,  to  unite 
with   the   superior  mesenteric   vein,  ami   to   form, 
with  it.  the  abdominal  vena  porta.     In  its  course, 
i:  receives  veins  corresponding  to  the  vasa  brevia, 
the  right   and   left   gastro-epiploio,  the   duodenal, 
pancreatic,  coronaria  ventriculi,  and  inferior  me- 
ric  veins. 
SPLEfl  CCA,  Splenalgia.  Also,  medicines  which 

•lie  spleen.  —  IVreira. 
SPLENICUS,  Spleneticus,  Splenic. 
SPLENIOL  \.  Compi 

i:\IS  TUMOR,  Ague  cake. 
ENIS  \  TI<>\,  Splenisation. 
SPLENISCUS,  Compress. 
BPLENITICUS,  Splenie. 


Lit  in  i  hi  a  In  '  (in,     fri  'in 
Morbid  softening  of 


8PLEN0M  M.A'ciA. 
tplen,  and  futXaicos,   ' 
the  spleen. 

SPLltNONClE,  Splenoneus. 

SPLENON'CU  S,  M'  galo  tple'n  fa.  ffypertroph'ia 
sen  Sn  fa  runt  i  it"  iu  tplenia  sen  lie 'fits,  Intu 
tin  sen  Infarc'tna  sen  Phyeco'nia  lienie,  Splenal' - 
i/in  mot iij/iiiniiiiitn'riii  ehrnn'ica,  Splenemphrax' 'it, 
Splenatix'e,  Hypertplenotroph'ia,  Lien  ivgena, 
(F.)  Splinoncie,  Hypertrophic  >/r  In  Rate;  from 
tplen,  and  oyttos,  'a  tumour.'  Tumefaction  of  the 
spleen.      See  Ague  cake. 

'  SPLENOPAREC'TAMA,  Splenee'tama,  SpU- 
noparee' taais,  Splenee' taeie,  from  xj,/tn.  and 
imptKTUfia,  'excessive  volume.'  Excessive  en- 
largement of  the  spleen.  —  Plonequet, 

SPLENOPARECTASIS,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENOPHRAXIA,  Splenemphraxis. 

SPLENORRHAG"IA,   from   «,,/,„.  and  payr, 
'rupture.'      Hemorrhage  from  the  spleen. 

SPLEXOSCIR'Rlirs.  from  rp/en,  and  cki,,^, 
'hardness.'     Scirrbus  or  cancer  of  the  Bpli 

SPLENOT'OMY,    Splenotom'ia,    Splenot'omi, 
from  xjilen,  and  riftvu),  'I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the 


SPLENI'TIS,   from   tplen,  and   itie,  denoting  ,,  ( 

inflammation.     Inflammation  of  the  spleen.    Em-  '  ''' mu'tvt   t     ..    c     1  •     ,         c              !••* 

pre.'ma  eplenitia,  Inflamnta'tio  lie'nie,  I.  tplenia,  ,  .Bl  \}\ '  'Te#n  "   SP,]  »■«  c  r;from  ^)U],0T)/ 

d'giaphleg no'dea,    Lieni'tie,   (F.)    SpU-  'toBplitj    Battel  la,  Asa'nla,  Aeeer'cuhtm,  Flag'- 

Mil..   Inflammation  de  hi   Rate.     A    rare  disease.  ";"-   Narthex,   Fer'ula,   (F.)    AttelU,   Eeliu 

characterized  by  local  pain,  swelling,  and  heat,  flexible  and  resisting  lamina  of  wood,  used  in  the 

which  sometimes  terminates  by  suppuration.     It  treatment  of  fractures,  to  keep  the  fragments  in 
•  the  capsule — Epitpleni'tia,  Per 


pUni'ti* — and  must  he  treated  like  other  inflam- 
mations. 
BPLENIUM,  Compress  — a  Corporis  Callosi, 
pus,  callosum  —  b.    Crueiatum,  Croix  de 

SPLE'NIUS,  8.  CwoWssen  OoUi,(F.)  Cereico- 
dnrao-maatoidien  et  dorao-traekilien,  Cervleo-mae- 
U'Xdien  rior  maatoid  muacle.     So  called 

from  its  resemblance  to  the  apfeen  of  certain  ani- 
\   muscle   situate   ;it   the   posterior  part  of 
>k,  and  upper  part  of  the  hack.     It  is  much 
broader  above  than  below,  where  it  terminates  in 
I  point     It  is  attache  I,  by  its  inner  edge,  to  the 
:  the  first  five  dorsal  vertebra  : 
to  that  of  the  7th  cervical,  and  to  the  inferior  pari 
of  the  posterior  cervical  ligament.     By  its  upper 
ity,  it  i<  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
of the  first  two  cervical  vertebra',  to  the 

■d  to  the  posterior  sai  I 

upital  bone.     Some  have  considered  this 

6  formed  of  two  portions,  which    they 

lied  Splenina  colli,  and   Splenitis  cap'itia, 

snins  extend-  the  load,  inolines  it,  and 

I  Fthes]     •  act  together, 

utend  the  head. 

SPLENIZA'TION.  Splenizatio,  Splenifiea'tion, 

'fica'tio,  (F.j    Splinitation,  from  tplen,     A 


apposition,  and  prevent  their  displacement. 
Splints  are  made  of  iron,  wood,  bark  of  trees, 
leather,  gutta  percha,  pasteboard,  Ae.  Thej  are 
generally  padded,  and  are  fixed  by  a  roller  or  by 
tape--,  according  to  circumstances. 

SPLINTER,  (F.)  Eaquille.  Same  etymon. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  small  porth  n 
of  wood,  which  occasionally  enters  the  .-kin,  and 
gives  occasion  to  much  irritation,  until  it  is  re- 
moved,—  Aeii'leva  liif'iniix,  (F.)  Eckarde. 

It  is  also  applied  to  fragments  that  separate 
from  a  fractured  or  diseased  hone. 

BPLITCLOTH,  Lin'tenm  ecientm.  A  bandage 
for  the  head,  consisting  of  a  central  part,  and  -i.\ 
or  eight  tails.  The  tingle  tplii  e/ofa  has  four 
tails.  It  is  regarded  a-  the  meal  convenient 
bandage  for  the  head,  (ace  and  jaws. 

SPLITROCK,  Heuchera  cortasa. 

SPOAT,  Saliva. 

SPODIUM   QK.SC0RUM,  Album  grfreum. 

SP0L1  \IIMM.   Vpodyterium. 

SPO'LIATIVE,  Spoliation,  from  tpoliare,  tpo- 
liatum,  *  to  take  away.'  (F.)  Spoliatif.  Phlebo- 
t, in/in  epoliati'va,  (F.  Sia  •<■'•  tpoliative.  Blood- 
letting, need  fox  the  purpose  ox  diminishing  the 
ma--  of  blood, 

SPOLIATORIUM,  Apodytcrium. 

BPONDLES,  Vertehr*.  " 


SPONDYLALGIA 


G4  SPRUCE   BEER 


SPONDYLALGIA,  Spondylodynia,  from  | 
c-oiidvXos,  '  a  vertebra,'  and    aXyos,   'pain.'     Pain 
in  the  vertebrae.     Cacorrhachitis.     See  Vertebral 
Disease. 

SPONDYLARTHRITIS,  from  tnrovfoAoj,  'a 
vertebra,'  apdpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flain niation.  Gouty  or  rheumatic  inflammation 
of  the  spinal  column. 

SP0NDYLART1IR0CACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

BPONDYLI,  Vertebrae. 

SPONDYLIS,  Coccyx. 

SPONDYLITIS,  Infamma'tio  ver'tebrce,  from 
cnov6v\og,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  vertebrae. 

SPONDYLIUM,  Coccyx,  Heracleum  spondy- 
liuin. 

SPONDYLOCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPONDYLODYNIA,  Spondylalgia. 

SPONDYLOPATHPA,  from  amvSvXos,  'a  ver- 
tebra,' and  rrados,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
vertebral  column. 

SPONDYLOPYOSIS,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPOND'YLUS,  onovdvXos.  A  vertebra.  Also, 
the  vertex. 

SPONGE,  BASTARD,  Alcyonium. 

SPOXGI.     The  tumefied  glands  of  the  neck. 

SPON'GIA,  S.  officinalis  sail  JJari'na,  Spon- 
gos,  Sphongus,  Sponge,  (F.)  Ej>onge.  An  organ- 
ized marine  substance,  of  the  Class  Porifera,  met 
with  in  many  seas,  but  especially  in  the  Medi- 
terranean and  Arabian.  It  is  supple,  elastic, 
porous,  and  capable  of  absorbing  fluids  in  which 
it  inay  be  placed,  and  of  thus  increasing  in  size. 
It  is  employed  in  surgery,  for  cleansing  or  wash- 
ing ;  for  absorbing  acrid  discharges  from  ulcers  ; 
suppressing  hemorrhage  when  the  mouth  of  the 
vessel  can  be  compressed  by  it,  and  for  forming 
tents  for  dilating  wounds;  in  which  case,  the 
sponge  is  immersed  in  melting  wax,  and  cooled 
before  being  used,  It  is  then  called  Spongia 
cera'ta,  Waxed,  Cera' ted  or  Prepared  Sponge  or 
Spo)ige  Tent. 

Spongia  Assa,  S.  Usta — s.  Cerata,  see  Spongia 
—  s.  Cynosbati,  Bedegar. 

Spongia  Usta,  &  Assa,  Carlo  spon'gice,  Burnt 
Sponge,  contains  carbonate  and  phosphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  soda,  charcoal,  and  iodine.  It 
is  u.-ed  in  bronchocele,  scrofulous  affections,  and 
herpetic  eruptions;  and  its  good  effects  seem  to 
be  dependent  upon  iodine.  It  is  made  by  cutting 
sponge  into  pieces,  and  heating  it,  that  any  ex- 
traneous matter  may  be  separated ;  burning  it  in 
a  close  iron  vessel  until  it  becomes  black  and 
friable,  and.  lastly,  rubbing  it  into  very  fine  pow- 
der.—Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  3j  to  ^iij. 

SPON'GLE  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to  small 
friable  stones  found  in  sponge.  They  were  for- 
merly esteemed  lithontriptic. 

SPONGIODES,  Spongoid. 

SPOXGI  OLE,  Spon'giolutn,  Spon'giola,  Spon- 


SPONGOID,  Spongo'i'des,  Spongio'des,  Spon- 
gio'sus,  Spongy,  from  cxoyyia,  'sponge,'  and  ci6oc, 
'  resemblance.'  Resembling  sponge.  Of  the  na- 
ture of  sponge. 

Spongoid  Inflammation,  Haematodes  fungus. 

Spongoid  Tissue,  (F.)  Tissu  spongo'ide.  An 
adventitious  spongy  tissue,  found  in  cases  of 
rickets.  —  Guerin. 

SPONGOS,  Tonsil. 

SPONGY,  Spongoid. 

Spongy  Tissue,  see  Bone. 

SPONSA  SOLIS,  Calendula  officinalis. 

SPONTANEOUS,  Sponta'neus,  (F.)  Spontanee, 
from  sponte,  'voluntarily.'  That  which  occurs 
of  itself,  or  without  any  manifest  external  cause. 
Evacuations  are  termed  sjiontaneous,  which  are 
not  produced  by  medicine.  Spontaneous  las'si- 
tude  is  that  which  is  not  the  result  of  fatigue. 
Diseases  are  also  spontaneous  which  supervene 
without  apparent  cause.  Sponta' neous  Amputa'- 
tion  is  the  separation  of  a  limb  from  the  foetus  in 
utero. 

Spontaneous  Evolution,  see  Evolution  —  s. 
|  Version,  Evolution,  spontaneous. 

SPOXTEPARITE,  Generation,  spontaneous. 

SPOON,  Umbilicus. 

SPOON  WOOD,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Tilia  Ameri- 
cana. 

SPORAD'IC,  Spor'ades,  Sporad'ici,  Jforbi  dis- 
jjer'si  seu  sparsi,  (F.)  Mrdadies  sporadiques,  from 
orreipa),  'I  spread.'  Diseases  which  supervene  in- 
differently in  every  season  and  situation,  from 
accidental  causes,  and  independently  of  any  epi- 
demic or  contagious  influence. 

SPORE,  Spor'ule,  Sporum,  Spor'ulum,  from 
a-eipo),  'I  sow.'  The  reproductive  body  in  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seed 
of  phanerogamous  plants. 

SPORIDTUM;  same  etymon.  The  reproduc- 
tive body  in  algaceous  plants,  which  resembles 
the  spore  of  other  plants. 

SPORULE,  Spore. 

SPORUM.  Spore. 

SPOTS,  CEREBRAL,  Taches  c^brales  —  s. 
Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  s.  Meningitic,  Taches 
meningitiques. 

Spots,  Red,  (F.)  Taches  rouges,  Rose  spots, 
Rose'olce  seu  Pap'idce  typho'sa?..  Small  red  spots 
which  appear  in  typhoid  fever,  from  the  8th  to 
the  loth  day  of  the  disease.  They  are  most  fre- 
quently seen  on  the  lower  and  middle  portions  of 
Ihe  chest,  and  upper  part  of  the  abdomen. 

Spots,  Rose,  Spots,  red. 

SPRAIN,  corrupted  from  strain  [?] — SubJuxa'- 
tio,  Distor'tio,  Dias'trophe,  Diastrem'nia,  Luxa'- 
tio  imperfecta,  Exarthre'ma,  Exarthro' sis,  Strem- 
ma,  Thlasma  Stremma,  Wrench,  (Sc.)  Wramp, 
(Prov.)  Kench,  Keak,  (F.)  Detorse,  Enforce,  Fou- 
lure.  A  violent  straining  or  twisting  of  the  soft 
parts  surrounding  the  joints.     According  to  the 


ge'let ;  from  a~oyyiov,  'a  small  sponge.'    The  soft     degree  of  the  sprain,  the  fibrous  parts  of  the  joint 


succulent  extremity  of  the  fibrils  or  true  roots  of 
a  plant,  by  which  it  absorbs  or  sucks  up  fluid. 
Similar  spongioles  have  been  supposed  to  exist 
at  the  terminations  of  the  absorbents  in  animals. 

SPON'GION.  Ancient  name  of  an  epithem 
made  of  goats'  dung:  and  also  of  a  malagma, 
which  was  considered  capable  of  absorbing  the 
serum  in  dropsies,  like  a  sponge.  —  Paulus,  Gor- 
raeus. 

SPONGIO-PILINE,  from  spongia,  'sponge/ 
and  pilus,  'a  hair.'  A  fabric,  composed  of  sponge 
and  wool,  felted  together  in  three  layers,  and 
coated,  on  one  of  its  surfaces,  with  caoutchouc, 
which  renders  it  impermeable.  It  is  of  great  ser- 
vice as  a  cataplasm,  fomentation,  vehicle  for 
lotions,  liniments,  &e. 

SPONGIOSUM  (OS),  Ethmoid  bone. 

SPONGIOSES,  Spongoid. 


may  be  simply  stretched,  or  they  may  be  rup- 
tured. This  affection,  which  has  been  regarded 
as  incomplete  luxation,  occurs,  particularly,  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints;  —  as  in  the  foot,  wri^r, 
knee,  &c.  The  violence  causes  an  afflux  of 
blood;  the  serum  of  the  blood  is  poured  out,  and 
often  the  blood  itself,  owing  to  the  rupture  of 
vessels;  and  inflammation  arises,  which  ends  in 
resolution  or  induration.  Local,  antiphlogistic 
applications  are  required,  with  perfect  rest;  anil, 
when  the  inflammatory  action  has  subsided,  cold 
pumping  and  friction,  with  the  application  of  a 
plaster  and  bandage,  will  afford  support  till  the 
parts  affected  recover  their  due  tone. 

SPRAT,  YELLOW-BILLED,  Clupea  thryssa. 


SPRUCE  BEER,  White  S 


pruce 


Beer.     A  beer 


made  as  follows :  To  10  gallons  of  water,  add  6 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4  oz.  of  essence  of  sprues. 


SPUITIO 


STAC  MA 


Add  yeast,  ami  bottle,  when  ready.     It  is  grate- 
ful and  antiscorbutic. 
Bprucb    Bbkr  Powdbbs   may  be   formed   of 
~i,  and  ^ij  ;  Mxfa  tubcarb.,  irr.  xxvj : 
eieem;  jr.  x.  in  each  blue  paper;  and 

an''/  of  tartar,  Zss  in  each  white  paper.    Fur  half 
>f  water. 

BPDJ  riO,  Exspuition. 

BPUMA  ARGENTI,  Plumhi  oxydum  semi- 
vitreum — s.  Cerevisiae,  Vest — a,  Trium  draconum. 
An  t  i  iii'  >n in  in  mnriatum. 

SPUMEUX,  Frothy. 

SIM   MOSUS,  Frothy. 

SPUNK,  Boletus  igniarins. 

BPUR,  Sax.  rpup.  (F.)  Speron  dee  Arttret. 
The  ingle  at  which  the  arteries  leave  a  cavity  or 
trunk. 

::.   Kr_'ut. 

BPURBLIND,  Myopic. 

SPURGE,    CAPER,    Euphorbia  lathyria  — a, 

.  Euphorbia  Cyparissias— s.  Flax,  Daphne 
gnidium — s.  Flowering,  large,  Euphorbia  eorol- 
lata — b.  Qarden,  Euphorbia  lathyria — b.  Greater, 
Euphorbia  pal  us  trie — s.  Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha. 

I.  iurrl,  Daphne  laureola. 
M  \ksii,  Euphorbia  palustris. 
Bpdroi   Oltyb,   Cneorum   tricoecum,  Daphne 
mezereum. 

Bpdrob,  Pbttt,  Euphorbia  peplns — s.  Sea, 
Euphorbia  paralias —  s.  Spotted,  Euphorbia  ma- 
eulata — s.  Sun.  Euphorbia  helioscopia — s.  Wart- 
wort.  Euphorbia  helioscopia. 

SIM    l'.\.   PRUNE  .1  IKE.  see  Prune  Juice. 
BPUTAMEN,  Saliva.  Sputum. 
BPUTAMENTUM,  Saliva.  Sputum. 
BPUTATIO,  Exspuition. 
SIM  T  \  I  [ON,  Exspuition. 
BPU  r  HORIUS,  Expectorant 
BPUTUM,  plural  Sputa,  Apockrem'ma,  Chrem- 
vm,    Emptge'ma,    Sputa' men,    Ptv'elon,    Pytie'ma, 
Spit,  from  tpuere,  *]>i(tnin,  'to  spit.'    (P.)  Orachat. 
-  ejected  from  the  mouth  in  the  act 
of  spitting.      It  is  composed  of  saliva,  and  of  the 
mucus  secreted  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
nasal    fossae   and   fauces,  and   often    by  the   mem- 
brane of  the    larynx    and   bronchia.     The  sputa 
ed  eru'ginoue,  when  of  a  green- 
dw   colour;   gummy,   when   they   resemble 
a  thick  solution  (lf  gum ; /rofaj/,  (E.J   mniinseux, 
when  covered  with  troth  ;  rubig"inoue%  (F.)  rubi- 
•  ou  rouilUe,  when  of  a  reddish-yellow  ;  and 
•'*,   when   mixed  with   lines  of 
blood.     AN",  saliva. 

Sim  ii-.:    Crurhtdk,    SsBmoptysis  —  s.   Dulce, 
rorrhoea  pulmonalis — s.  Oris,  Salivation — 
laratum,  Saecharorrhoea  pulmonalis  —  s. 
Bangui  i  is,  1 1 

ILLING,  Vagitua. 

IMA,  Seal.'.  Squamous  portion,  Table. 
BQU  \M.E.  Scaly  die 

\MAIiI  A.  Plumbago  Europssa, 
A  Mi: IX.  Squamous. 
I    tMIFORMLS,  Squamous. 

lMOI  S,   Squamo'eue,   LepidoVdee,   Lepi- 

Squamifor1 inir.  Scaly;   from  BfMaata,  'a 

scale'   That  which  relates  to  or  resembles  a  scale. 

6QUAM01  B   Portion  of  the  temporal  hone,  (F.) 

Portion  equameuee  ou  <■  Temporal,  is 

the  upper  part  of  the   temporal,  so  called   from   a 

mblance   to  a  scale.     See   Temporal 

Syi  u  anf  Smtu'ra  eqttamo'ea  sen  men- 

pidoi'dee  sen  lepido'dee  ien  era'nii 

tqnamo'fa,     F.     Suture  tquameuee   ou   Seailleuee. 

iture  which  unites  the  squamous  portion  of 

the  temporal  bono  to  the  parietal. 

Certain    tealy   cutaneous    affections    are  also 
called  tqttamout,  {¥.)  tquameu*.     See  Scale. 
56 


SQUARE   STALK'.  Monarda  eoocinen. 

SQUARRA  T0NDEN8,  Porrigo  deealrana. 
\  I  I  [NG   PILLS,  PilnlsB  opiates. 

SQUAW-MINT,  Hedeoma, 

SQUAW-ROOT,  Aetsea  racemose,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalietroldes,  Beneeio  aureus. 

BQU  IW-1R  BED,  Erigeron  Philadelpbicnm. 

BQUEAMISHNESS,  Fastidiam  cibL 

SQUE  IZINESS,  Nausea, 

8QUELETTE,  skeleton. 

SQl  ELETTOLOGIE,  Skeletology. 

BQ1  ILL,  Beilla — s.  Vinegar  <>f,  Aeetum  Bcillse. 

BQUILLA,  Scilla. 

SQl  INANCIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris, 

BQUINANCY,  COMMON,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 

BQUINANTHIA,  Cynanehe. 

BQUINANTHUS,  Junens  odoratos. 

SQl  ISK.  Smilax  China. 

SQUINSY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUINT-EYED,  Bee  Strabismus, 

BQUINTER,  see  Strabismus. 

SQl  [NTING,  Strabismus, 

BQUINZEY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQU1RRE,  Bcirrhns — #.  en  Ouiraeee,  see  Lig- 
aeona. 

SQUIRRHE,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRREL  CORN,  Dieentra  Canadensis. 

SQUJRREUX,  Scirrhous. 

SQUIRR0QA8TRIE,  Scirrhogastria. 

BQUIRR1  S,  Bcirrhua. 

SQl  [RT,  Syringe. 

STACHELBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Btachelberg  Springs  are  far  down  in  the  valley 
of  the  Linth,  in  Switzerland.  The  waters  are 
sulphureous,  and  are  much  visited  by  gouty  and 
rheumatic  invalids. 

STAC II YS  FCETIDA,  Galeopsis. 

STACTE.  Myrrha. 

STADE,  Stage. 

STADIUM,  Period,  Stage. 

Sta'dium  Acmbs  seu  Sta'seos.    The  period  of 

the  height  Of  a  disease. 

Bta'diom  Anmiiii.atio'nis  seu  Convai.f.scen'- 
ni.  sen  RBC0HVALE8CBNT1.A.  The  period  of  re- 
covery from  disease. 

Stadium  At  gmkn'ti  seu  Incremkn'ti  Morbi. 
The  period  or  Stage  of  increase  of  a  disease. 

Stadium  Caloris,  Stage,  (hot)  —  s.  Convales- 
eentisB,  B.  annibilationie. 

Stadh  m  Dbcrbvbh'ti.  The  period  or  stage 
of  decrease  of  a  disease. 

Stadum  FBI60BIS,  Stage,  (eold)  —  s.  Incre- 
meuti  Morbi,  B.  Augmenti  morbi  —  s.  Latentis 
Contagii,  Prodromna — s.  Opportnsritatis,  Prodro- 
mns — s.  Prodromorum,  Prodromna — s.  Reoonra- 
lescentisB,  B.  Annihilationis. 

BTAFF,  (D.)  Staf.  An  instrument  of  great 
importance  in  lithotomy, — being  the  director  for 
the  gorget  or  knife.  It  is  made  of  steel  :  and  the 
handle  is  Hat  and  rough,  in  order  that  it  may  be 
mure  securely  held.  The  groove  is  on  its  convex 
surface. 

BTAFF  TREE,  CLIMBING,  Celastrus  scan- 
dens. 

BTAFF  \.  Stapes. 

STAG'S   PIZZLB,  see  Cervus. 

STAGE,  Sta'dium,  (F.)  Betoge,  Aage,  Staff.. 
The  period  or  degree  of  ■  disease;  especially  the 
period  of  an  intermittent:  —  as  the  told  ttage, — 
tta'dium  frt'gorie  —  hot  ttage,  Ac 

BTAGGERB1  BH,  An  Iromeda  mariana. 

STAGGERWEED,  Delphinium. 

STA'GIUM.      The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

-I  \'.M\.  from  aru£u>,  'I  distil;'  Stalng'ma. 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 

Stagma,  Gutta. 


STAGNATION 


6G 


STARCH 


STAGXA'TION,    Stagna'tio,    from     utagnare,  \ 
sUtgitatum,  '  to  form  a  pond/  (stagnum,  'a  pond.') 
Accumulation  and    retardation  of   fluids   in   any 
part  of  the  body. 

STAGNUM  CIIYLI,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
STAIILIAN.     One  who  follows    the   doctrine 
of  Stahl. 

STAHL'IANISM.  The  doctrine  of  Stahl. 
which  considered  every  vital  action  under  the 
direction  and  presidency  of  the  soul.  See  Ani- 
uaist. 

STALAGMA,  Stagma. 

STALAGMI'TIS  CAMBOGIOI'DES,  8.  Cam- 
ho'gia,  from  oraXayiios,  'a  drop'  —  the  gum  ex- 
uding by  drops.  Gamboge  was  long  ascribed  to 
tilts  fancied  Ceylonese  plant.  It  is  now  known. 
that  the  name  was  given  by  Murray  to  specimens 
of  two  distinct  trees  of  different  genera.  See 
Camhogia. 

STALAGMOS,  Distillation. 
STALK.  Urine. 
STALTICUS.  Incarnans. 

STAMMERING,  Balbuties— s.  of  the  Fingers, 
Cramp,  writers'. 

STAMP,  Cachets.  Medicine,  Cachets.  Ocu- 
list, Cachet. 

STAMPING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 
STANG.  see  Throbbing. 
STANGOS,  Tin. 

STANNI  MURIAS,  Tin,  muriate  of—  s.  Oxy- 
duli  murias.  Tin,  muriate  of — s.  Pulvis,  see  Tin. 
STANNIOLUM,  Tinfoil. 

STANNUM,  Tin  — s.  Cinereum,  Bismuth  —  s. 
Foliatum,  Tinfoil— s.  Glaeiale,  Bismuth— s.  Gra- 
nulatum.  see  Tin  —  s.  Indicum,  Zincura. 
STAPEDIEN.  Stapedius. 
STAPE'DIUS,  Stapes,  (F.)  Stapidien,  Pyra- 
midal-stapidien.  A  muscle  of  the  middle  ear, 
which  draws  the  stapes  obliquely  upwards. 

STAPES,  genitive  Sta'pedis,  (eto  and  pes,) 
Stapha.  Staffa,  'a  stirrup.'  (F.)  Etrier.  The 
innermost  of  the  small  bones  of  the  ear,  so  called 
because  it  resembles  a  stirrup.  It  is  situate  hori- 
zontally in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum.  Its 
head,  which  is  directed  outwards,  is  articulated 
with  the  os  orbiculare.  Its  base  faces  inwards, 
and  is  applied  to  the  fenestra  ovalis,  which  it 
closes  imperfectly,  and  to  the  membrane  of  which 
it  is  united.  Its  branches  are  one  anterior,  and 
the  other  posterior.  They  are  curved  ;  and  the 
space  between  them  is  parabolic.  Surgeons  have 
iriven  the  name  Stapes  to  a  bandage  used  in 
bleeding  from  the  foot;  which  forms  a  figure  of  8 
around  the  ankles. 
STAPHA,  Stapes. 

ST  A  PHIS,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHISAGRIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHTSAIGRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHYL^EMATO'MA,   from    aratvU,    'the 
uvula,'  and  hematoma.     A  tumour  formed  by  ef- 
fusion   of  blood  beneath  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  uvula. 

STAPHYLAGRA,  Staphvlepartes. 
STAPHYLE.  Uvula,  see  Yitis  vinifera. 
STAPHYLEPAR'TES,    from     <rra0v\r,,     'the 
uvula.'  and  tirmpui,  '  I  lift  up.'     Staph' ylacjra.     An 
instrument  for  laying  hold  of,  and  removing  the 
uvula.  —  Paulus. 

STAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle — s.  Medii, 
see  Azvsros  muscle. 

STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryneeua. 

'  STAPHYLTNUS  EXTERNUS,  Circumflexus. 
STAPHYLTS.  Nipple. 
STAPHYLITTS,  Uvulitis. 
STAPHYLTUM.  Nipple. 

STAPHYLODIALYSLS,    Cionis,     Staph  vloe- 
detna. 


ST  A  PIlYLffiDE'MA,  from  ara<pv\r,, '  the  uvula,' 
and  oedema.  Angi'na  uvula' ris,  Dyspha'gia  uvu- 
la'sn,  ffypastaph'yle,  Bypostaphyli'tis,  Staphylo- 
dial'ysis,  Prolapsus  seu  Propto'sis  sen  Casus  .-•  u 
(Edema  u'vulai,  Ilium*,  Bimanto'ma,  Himanto'sis, 
Staphylon'cus,  Staphylon'cia,  ProducUio  tint  fee  d 
pitui'td,  U'vnla  decid'ua  seu  relaxa'ta,  Gras'- 
pedoii.  Relaxation  and  tumefaction  of  the  uvula, 
which,  either  from  inflammation  or  infiltration, 
hangs  down  so  as  to  occasion  difficult  deglu- 
tition, cough,  &c.  Scarification,  astringent  gar- 
gles, and,  if  necessary,  excision,  constitute  the 
treatment. 

STAPHYLOMA,  from  ara^vXr,,  'a  grape.' 
Uva'tio,  Myoeeph' alon,  My'ioceph' alum,  Parop'sis 
Staphyloma,  Staphylo'sis,  Polygro'ma.  A  name 
given  to  different  tumours  of  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  globe  of  the  eye. 

Staphyloma  Conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea—  s.  Pellucidum  conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Cornea,  Sugar-loaf  Cor- 
nea or  Con'ical  Cornea,  Con'ical  hydrophthal'inia, 
Staphylo'ma  con'icum  seu  pellu'eidum  cou'icinn, 
Conophthal' mia,  Prolap'su?  cor'nea?-,  Ceraton'cns, 
Hypercerato'sis,  Hypercer'asis,  is  an  unequal, 
embossed,  bluish  or  whitish,  round  or  conical 
tumour;  of  variable  size;  formed  by  the  projection 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  which  is  sometimes 
extenuated  and  distended,  at  others  thickened. 

Staphyloma  op  the  Iris  is  the  disease  de- 
scribed by  Scarpa  under  the  name  Procidentia 
Iridis.  It  is  hernia  of  the  iris,  through  an  acci- 
dental opening  of  the  cornea.  Also,  iridauxesis. 
Staphyloma  of  the  Sclerot'ic,  Staphyloma 
scferot'icce,  differs  from  the  last,  in  the  prominence 
existing  on  a  part  of  the  eye  covered  by  the  scle- 
rotic, which  is  much  thinner. 

Staphyloma  Uve^e,  Iridauxesis. 
STAPHYLONCIA,  Staphylcedema. 
STAPHYLONCUS,  Staphylcedema. 
STAPH  YLOPLAS '  TIC,      Staphyloplas  '  tievs, 
from  gtu(1>v\v,  'the  uvula,'  and  -nXaocu,  'I  form.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  replacing 
the  soft  palate,  when  it  has  been  lost.     Staph'ylo- 
jjlasty,  Pal' otoplasty,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation, 
is  the  operation  for  closing  the  palatine  vault. 

STAPHYLOR'RAPHY,  Velosynth'esis,  Sta- 
ph y  lor rh a  'ph  ia,  Kionorrh a 'ph ia,  Cion o rrh aph ' ia , 
Uranor'rhaphe,  Uranorrha'phia,  Uraniscorilia' - 
phi  a,  Uraniscor' rhaphe,  from  araipv'Sr),  'the  uvu- 
la,' and  pa<ptj,  'a  suture.'  The  operation  for  uni- 
ting a  cleft  palate.  It  consists  in  paring  the  edges 
of  the  cleft;  passing  ligatures  through  them,  and 
bringing  them  together. 

STAPHYLOSIS,  Staphyloma. 
STAPHYLOTOMY,  Staphylotom'ia,  from  cra- 
0iA>7,  'the  uvula,'  and  to^t),  'incision.'     Amputa- 
tion of  the  uvula. 

STAR  APPLE,  BROAD-LEAYED,  Chryso- 
phylium  cainito — s.  Blazing,  Aletris  farinosa — s. 
Bloom,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  s.  Grass,  Aletris 
farinosa,  llypoxj'S  erecta. 

Stak,  Knap-weep,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
Star  of  the  North,  Geum  urbanum. 
Star  Stroke,  Coup-de-soleil — s.  Wort,  Aletris 
farinosa  —  s.  Wort,  golden,  Bubonium — s.  Wort, 
water,  Callitriche  verna. 

STARBECK  SPA.  A  chalybeate  spring  at 
Harrogate. 

STARCH,  Sax.  r^apc,  'rigid,  stiff,'  Amylum. 
Starch,  Animal,  Corpora  amylacea  —  s.  Blue, 
Smalt  —  s.  Canna,   Tous-les-viois. 

Starch  Corpuscles,  Corpora  amylacea. 

Starch,  Iopide  of,   Fod'idum  seu  Iodure'tum 

Am'yli,  Am'ylum  ioda'tum,  (F.)  Iodure  d'Amidon  ; 

prepared  by  triturating  iodine  and  starch,  is  said 

to  have  the  eutrophic  effects  of  iodine;  but,  by 

j|  some,  is  esteemed  inert.     Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 


STARKEYS    PILLS 


86 


STEGNOTICA 


Starch.  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 
Star*  h  Si  g  m:.  Sine 
Starch,  Tacca,  Arrowroot,  Tahiti. 
BTARKEY'8   PILLS,  see  Pilulw  ex  hellehoro 
et  mvrrha. 

?E,  Stasia. 

BT  ISIS,  or.ioi;.  from  arau),  'I  8< 

This  irord  has  nearly  the  same  signification  a< 
gnation,  however,  sometimes  in- 
a  morbid  eondition  of  the  fluids,  - 

B  i  1818,  Station. 

S  r  A  IT:  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  state. 
STATIC,    Statical,    Statical,    (P.)    Statique. 
tymon.     An  epithet  applied  to  the  physi- 
cal phenomena  presented  by  organised  bodies  in 
contradistinction  to  the  organic  or  vital. 

STAT'ICA  SEPT!   CTA'RIUM,  Appendix  cu- 
tepti  na'rium.     The  cutaneous  appendage 
to  the  septum  narium. 
BT  ITICAL,  Static. 

BTAT'ICE  CAROLINIA'NA,  of  the  United 
.  (arariKOi, '  restraining,')  Amer'ican  or  Sea- 
'hri/t,  Marah  Roae'mary,  Mareh  Root,  Ink- 
■■  i  Lavender,  Ord.  PlumbaginaoesB,  ia  oon- 
I  to  be  a  mere  variety  of  the  Statice  limo- 
niiim.     The  root  is  the  Statice  —  (Ph.  U.  S.). 

Stat'icS  LiMu'.vit'M,  S.  Marit'imum,  Beken  ru- 
Iriim,  Limo'uium,  L.  majue  seu  oulga're,  Behen, 
i  Ackmar,  Sea  I. <"■'<  ndi  r,  Red  Behen,2farah 
try,  Lavender  Thrift,  (F.)  Behen  rouge, 
Romarin  den  maraie,  Lavande  triete  ou  de  mer. 
The  roots  have  been  esteemed  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  antiseptic. 

Bi  uh'k  Maritimdm,  S.  limonium — s.  Vulgare, 
S.  limonium. 

STATION",  Sta'tio,  Statu,  Statu*,  from  stare, 
ttatum,  '  to  stand.1     The  act  of  standing. 

STATIONARY,    Stationa'riue,    (F.)    Station- 
Same  etymon.     A  name  given  by  Syden- 
ham and  Stoll  to  certain  diseases,  which  depend 
I    particular  state  of  the  atmosphere;  and 
which  prevail  in  a  district  for  a  certain  number 
of  years,  and  then  give  way  to  others. 

STATIS'TICS,    MEDICAL,    Vital   Statistic*, 
Bioetafifs,  [Status,  -a  state,')  (F.i  Statiatique  m€- 
dit  ale.     That   part   of  medicine  which   relates   to 
details  — tnedico-atatietical  —  connected  with   the 
mortality,   salubrity,   <fec,  of   different    countries 
-.:uations. 
It  has,  also,  been  used  in  a  wider  sense  to  sig- 
nify the  same  as  Numerical  method,  (F.i  ifithode 
numtrique  ;  which  is  applied  to  the  Bystemization 
of  medical  facts,  or  to  the  use  of  numbers  in  the 
;ation  of  die 
Statistics,  Vital,  Statistics,  medical. 
STATURE,    Statu' r a,    Meg'ethoe,    Magnitu'do 
eor'poria,  from  *'<>.  etatum,  '  to  stand.'    The  height 
of  the  human  figure.  The  following  table  exhibits 
:  several  admeasurements,  with  the 
heights  of  some  of   the  monkey  species,  on  the 
authority  Of  Mr.  Laurence. 

ITATDHB. 
Feet      In. 
f6         H 

An  Englishman <        to 

(5      00 
P        4     | 

An  Englishwoman <        to 

[5      00 

European  male  skeleton .">       8 

Do.  5  5       ; 

A  Negro  at  the  Lunatic  Hospital,  Liver-  )  .  .    . 

I   J  D  IWJ 

tr  from  Virginia 6        5£ 

Another  from  the  Gold  Coast 6 

Another 5  00 


stati  i:r. 
Feet.       In. 

skeleton 4  11 

Another ;,        7V 

A  Laaear ;>         \ 

Venus  de  Medio! ;>  00 

-  Cbimpanse'    v        1  Tn  glodytet)  2         2 

.Mr.  Abel's  Orang  Otang .' 2        7 

Camper's  Do.  leas  than  SO 

Mr.  White's  Monkey 2  2 

3TATTJS,  Aeme—  a.  Cruditatis,  Crudity  — a. 
Erethiticus,  Nervous  diathesis— s.  Gastricus,  Em. 
barraa  gaetrique—t.  Nervosus,  Nervous  diathesis 
— s.  Parturiendi,  Parturition— s.  StheniouB,  - 
nia  —  s.  Verminosns,  Helminthiasis. 

STAVESACRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

B  1'  WIS.  erratic,  Apoatnr'ia.  A  Blight epistaxis 
or  nasal  hemorrhage. —  Hippocrates. 

STEAM-D04  TOR  A  term  applied  to  one 
who  treats  all  or  most  diseases  by  steam. 

B  li:  \  K.  see  Fat,  Serum. 

ST&ARAT&,  Emplastrum. 

STE  \UI.\.  Bee  Fat. 

STEARINUM  CETACEUM,  Cetaccum. 

ST&AROL&,  Pomatum  —  *.  Solide,  Emplas- 
trum. 

STEAROSIS,  Steatoc 

STE  A  K  R  11  <K  'A,  Steatorrhea,  Seborrhea, 
Seborrhag"ia,  Smegmatorrhce'a,  Smegmorrha  'a, 
F/iixii8  aeba'cena,  Seba'ceone  Flux,  from  oriap, 
'suet,'  and  ptw,  T  flow.'  Augmentation  of  secre- 
tion from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin. 

Stearrhcea  Nigricans.  A  term  used  by  Dr. 
Neligan,  of  Dublin,  for  a  black  discoloration  of 
the  face,  observed  in  young  females  affected  with 
derangement  of  the  catamenia.  and  which,  in  his 
opinion,  is  owing  to  a  dark  secretion  from  the  cu- 
taneous se'oaeeons  glands. 

STEATITES,  Polysaroia, 

STEATOCF/LE,  from  trriap,  creams,  'suet,'  and 
kt}\i,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  a  collec- 
tion of  Bteatomatous  matter  in  the  scrotum. 

STEATO'MA,  Tumor  lar'deua,  from  cnap, 
crretiTos,  'suet.'  Sera' tin,  Emphy'ma  encya'tia 
eteatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  whose  contents 
arc  similar  to  fat. 

STEATOP'YGA,  from  aruip,  artaroi,  'fat,'  and 
irvyi;, 'buttocks.'  Buttock-hump.  Pat  buttocks: 
such  as  exist  in  the  Hottentot  female. 

STEATORRHEA,  Stearrhoea. 

STEATO'SIS,  Stearo'aie,  Fatty  degeneration 
of  a  part,  or  unusual  deposition  and  accumulation 
of  fat  in  its  adipose  tissue. 

3  ■  i  \.To'siiCoHms,Degeuera'tioadipo'aacordi8, 
Cardiethmolipo'ei*  and  Oardiomgolipo'eia  (Pior- 
ry),  Fatty  heart.  Unusual  deposition  of  fat  on 
the  heart: — by  some  presumed  t<>  be  occasionally 
a  true  adipous  degeneration  of  the  substance  of 
the  heart. 

Steatosis   Hkpatjca,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

STFATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus 
Polliculorum. 

STEEL,  Chnlyba. 

STEEP,  Rennet. 

STEEPLE-BUSH,  Spines  tomentosa. 

STEER'S  OPODELDOCH,  see  Opodeldooh, 
Steer's. 

STEGMONTn,  see  Parturient. 

STEGANOP'ODES,  trreya vonoStt,  Planip' ed*>. 
They  who  have  Mat  feet,  or  are  wei, -tooted,  from 

oTiym>o<;,  •  covered.'  and  rovq,  '  foot.' 

STEGNO'SIS.  Steiio'aia,  Coiiatipa'tio,  Stipa'tio, 
Condenea'tio,   Obntruc'tio,  from    trrtyvow,   '1   eon. 
strict.'     Constriction  or  narrowness  of  the  pores 
and  vessels.  Stricture.  Constipation.  Suppi 
id'  the  evacuations.     See   \ rctatio. 

STEGNOTICA,  Astringents. 


STEIROSIS 


8  6  8        STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS 


STEIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 
STELENGIS,  Stridor  dentium. 
STELLA,  Fa&'eia  stella'ta,  (F.)  Etoile.  A  ban- 
dage, improperly  compared  to  a  star,  because  it 
is  crossed  like  the  letter  X.     This  bandage  is  ap- 
plied upon  one  or  both  shoulders.     In  the  first  ] 
case,  it  is  called  simple ;  in  the  second,  double. 
It  was   employed    in   fractures   of   the    sternum, 
clavicle,  and  scapula;  in  luxations  of  the  hume- 
rus, Arc. 

Stella  Terr^e,  Plantago  coronopus. 
STELLARIA  MEDIA,  Alsine  media— s.  Scil- 
la,  Scilla. 

STELLATA   RUPINA,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
STELL'ULvE  VERHEYEN'II,  (stella,  'a  star,' 
sfel'lula,  '  a  little  star/)   Substantia  stcl'lata  ser- 
peiiti'nu  seu  radia'ta,   Elhjch'nia.     A   stelliform 
plexus  of  veins  at  the  surface  of  the  kidney,  which 
gives  origin  to  the  interlobular  veins. 
STELOCHITIS,  Osteocolla. 
STENAGMUS,  Suspirium. 
ST  EN  AXIS,  Suspirinni. 
STENIA,  Sthenia, 
STENICUS,  Active. 
STENOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
STENOCARDIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Cardioste- 
nosis. 

STENOCHO'RIA,  Ste»ochori'a-«is,  from  arevog, 
'narrow,'  and  %wpa,  'space.'  Angustia.  Em- 
ployed by  some  for  contraction  of  the  vagina. 

Stknochoria  Intestini  Recti,  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  (Esophagi,  Dvsphagia  constricta. 

STENOMYCTE'RIA,  from  arevog,  'narrow,' 
and  nvKTtjp,  'nose.'  Contraction  of  the  nasal 
passages. 

STENOSIS,  Stenosis. 
STENOSTEGNOSIS,  Stenostenosis. 
STENOSTENO'SIS,  Stenostegno'sis,  from  Ste- 
iio,  and   arevioais,  'contraction.'      Obstruc'tio  due- 
tts   Stenonia'ni.     Narrowness   or  contraction   of 
the  duct,  of  Steno. 

STENOSTOM'IA,  from  aTevog.  'narrow/  and 
cToua.  '  mouth.'     Contraction  of  the  mouth. 

STENOTHORA'CES,  from  ctcvos,  'narrow/ 
and  3wpa£,  SupaKos,  '  the  chest.'  They  who  have 
narrow  chests. 

STENTOROPHO'NUS,  from  Hrevrup,  Stentor, 
a  Greek  of  powerful  voice  in  the  army  before 
Troy;  and  <pwvr),  'voice/  One  who  has  a  strong 
voice. 

STEPHANE,  Crown. 

STEPHENS,    MRS.,   REMEDY   FOR    THE 
STOXE.     This    consisted   of  lime,   prepared    by 
calcining  the  shells  of  eggs  and  snails,  made  into 
pills  with  soap.     A   decoction  was,  also,  adminis- 
tered, consisting  of  chamomile,  fennel,  parsley, 
and  burdock,  with  a  portion  of  Alicant  soap.     Its 
virtues  were  dependent  upon   the  lime  and  the 
tonic  properties  of  the  decoction.  Hales,  Hartley, 
Kirkpatrick,  Lobb,  and  others,  wrote  in  favour 
of  this  nostrum;  and  it  was  ultimately  bought  bv 
the  British  parliament  for  £5000— about  $25,000*. 
STEPHENSIA   ELONGATA,  Matico. 
STEPMOTHER'S  BLESSING,  Hangnail. 
STEM  A,  Uterus. 

STERCORA'CEOUS,  Stercora'rius,  Diacho- 
ret'icus,  Ster'coral,  from  stercus,  stercoris,  'dung.' 
Fecal,  FcBcal,  (F.)    Stercoraire,  Stercoral. 

The  French  use  the  terra  Fistules  stercoraires 
for  those  which  are  kept  up  by  the  constant  pas- 
sage of  fecal  or  stercora'ceous  matter.  The  name 
Stercoraires  is  sometimes  given,  in  derision,  to 
those  physicians  who  are  fond  of  purging  their 
patients  :  a  posteriori  has  been  similarly  used. 
STERCORATRE,  Stercoraceous. 
STERCUS,  Excrement,  Fimus  —  s.  Anseris, 
Fimus  anseris  —  s.  Caninum  album,  Album  Grse- 
cum — s.  Diaboli,  Asafcetida — s.  Equi  non  castrati, 
Fimus. 


Stekcus  Huma'num,  Homerda.  Human  ex- 
crement. 

Stercus  Lacert^e,  Crocodilia. 
STEREOCYST'IS,  from  arepeos,    'hard/    and 
kvotis,  'cyst.'     A  hard  encysted  tumour. 
STEREOS,  Solid. 

STE'REOSCOPE,  Stereoscop'ium. from  crepiog, 
'solid/  and  ckotzio),  'I  view.'  A  physical  instru- 
ment by  means  of  which  plane  pictures  of  an  ob- 
ject are  made  on  each  retina,  and  so  blended  as 
to  appear  as  one  in  relief.  Also,  an  instrument  for 
detecting  a  calculus  in  the  bladder,  and  foreign 
bodies  in  the  soft  parts.  It  resembles  a  common 
catheter,  having  an  expanded  free  extremity. 

STEREOT'ICA,  from  artpcos,  'hard.'  Fortui- 
tous lesions  or  deformities  affecting  the  hard 
parts.     The  2d  order,  class  Tychica  of  Good. 

STER'ILE,   Ster'ilis,  A'gonos,  Aph'orus,  Aph- 
or'icus,      Abhist'es,      fnfecun'dus,      Barren,     (F.) 
Ste-ile.     Same    etymon  as  Sterilitas.     Not  pro- 
ducing fruit :  infecund. 
STERILIS.  Sterile. 

STERIL'ITAS,  Agon'ia,  Steiro'sis,  Stiro'sis, 
Agenue'sia,  Agenne  sis,  Infecun'ditas,  Steril'ity, 
Acye'sis,  Bar'renness,  Infeeun'dity,  Apho'  rin, 
Atee'nia,  Atoc'ia,  from  oreopog,  or  oreptos,  'hard, 
barren.'  Quality  of  that  which  is  barren.  Ste- 
rility may  be  absolute  or  relative.  The  former 
depends  upon  some  vicious  conformation  of  the 
genital  organs,  apparent  or  concealed,  and  occa- 
sionally admits  of  cure.  Sterility  is  relative -when 
a  female  does  not  conceive  with  one  individual, 
but  does  with  another.  Sterility  in  females  is 
often  dependent  upon  a  condition  of  the  uterus 
characterized  by  membranous  menstruation. 
STERN  AD,  see  Sternal. 

STERNAL,  Sterna'lift,  from  sternum,  'the 
breast  bone.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
sternum  or  breast  bone. 

Sterxal  Aspect.  The  aspect  of  the  body 
where  the  sternum  is  situate. — Barelaj\  Sternad 
is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
towards  the  sternal  aspect. 

STERNALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
STERNO,    in    composition,  belonging,  or    re- 
lating to,  the  sternum  or  breast  bone. 

STERNOCLAVICULAR,  Stemo-clavicula'- 
ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sternum  and  clavicle. 
Sterno-clavic'ular  Articula'tion  is  tie 
union  of  the  inner  extremity  of  the  clavicle  with 
a  round  facette  at  each  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  sternum.  In  this  articulation 
there  are,  besides  the  inmisting  cartilages,  two 
radiated  sterno-clavicular,  (F.)  Sterno-chivicu- 
laires  rayounees  ;  one  anterior,  and  one  posterior 
— an  inter-clavicular  ligament  extending  between 
the  two  clavicles,  and  two  synovial  capsules,  se- 
parated by  an  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  The 
costo-clavicular  ligament  may  also  be  considered 
to  belong  to  this  articulation. 

STERNO-CLA  VW-JfASTOlDr/JX,  Sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus  —  s.  Cleido-hyoideus,  Sterno- 
hvoideus. 

STERNO-CLEIDO  BRACHIALIS,  Pectoralis 
major. 

STERNO -CLEIDO-MASTOlfDEUS,  Sterna- 
masto'ideuB,  Cleido-masto'ideus,  Jlasfo'ideus,  Jf. 
anterior,  Nuta'tor  enp'itis;  (F.)  Sterno-clavio- 
masto'idien,  Sterno-niasto'idien  ;  from  arepvov,  'the 
sternum,'  *Aa?,  'the  clavicle/  and  paarog,  'the 
mastoid  process.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
flattened:  simple,  above:  and  divided  into  two 
portions  below;  where  it  is  inserted  into  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  sternum,  and 
the  inner  quarter  of  the  clavicle.  Above,  it  ter- 
minates at  the  mastoid  process,  which  it  embraces, 
at  the  neighbouring  part  of  the  temporal  bore, 
and  at  the  outer  third  of  the  upper  curved  line 


STERNO-COSTAL 


S  T  II  E  N  0  T  V  B  A 


of    the    occipital    bono.       It     carries     the    head 
forward;    incline?,   and    rotates    it    to    one 
When  both  contract,  they  bend  the  head  directly 
forward*. 

TAL,    Triangularis    sterni  — *. 
fnvto-hiimtral,    Pectoralis    major — a.    //«- 
mtraU  Pectoralis  major. 

STERN0-HY0T1  Bruo-cleido-kyolde- 

•  ■  primus  ;   from  OTtpW, 

■   mum,'  and  Wi 

pari  of  the  neck  : 
I.  above,  at  the  inferior  edge  of  Lb 
of  the  hyoid  hone:    below,  into  the  up] 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum  ; — at  the 
r  part    of  the  Bterno-elavicular  artioula- 
Lod  Bometimea  into  the  oartilage  of  the  first 
rib.     It  depresses  the  os  hyoi 

8  TE  R  X'J-M  A  8  TO  iDIBN,  Sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus —  ».  Pubisn,  Rectus  abdominis. 

RNO-THYROlDEUS,      Stemo-thyroidet, 
iue.      A    muscle,   situate    at    the    anterior 

•  the  neck.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
in  the  outer  surface  of  the  thy- 
roid cartilage:  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum, 
and  the  cartilage  of  the  second  rib.  When  it 
contracts,  it  depresses  the  thyroid  cartilage  and 
ns  hvoides  by  the  medium  of  the  thyro-hyoid 
membrane. 

RNODYNIA,  see  Stomatodynia— s.  Byn- 
eopalis,  Angina  pectoris  —  b.  Byncoptioa  et  Pal- 
pitans,  Angina  pectoris. 

BT  E  B  N  0-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somato- 

dymia. 

STERNOPA'GIA,   from   rrcevev,    'the  breast 

and  xayw,  '  I  fasten.'     A   monstrous  union 

in  which    they  are    attached   at  the 

am. 

STERNUM,    Sternon,    from    orfppa?,    'solid:' 

Pectus,  c'torie  sou  xiphoidea  sou 

gladi'oli  sen  .  Scutum  cor  din  sou  pec'- 

■    Bone,  Hatmal  Spin*    of  Owen.      An 

.-    symmetrical  bone,  Bituate  at  the  fore- 

the  chest,     ft  is  flat;  broad  above;  nar- 

in  the  middle;  and  terminates,  below,  by 

a   pointed   cartilage  —  the   xiphoid.      It  has  an 

anterior  or  cutaneoue  eurface,  a  posterior  or  me- 

diaetinal — a  euperior  or  clavicular  extremity,  and 

nn  inferior  or  abdominal.     It  i>  articulated  with 

the   clavicles    and    the    seven    upper  ribs    on  each 

Bid  •.  by  means  of  their  cartilages.     According  to 

Beclard,  it  is  formed  of  six  principal  bones,  which 

he  names,  from  their  position,  1.  Primi-eternal  or 

elavi-eternal :  2.    Duo-eternal:  S.    Tri-eternal:    I. 

Quarti -eternal :    5.    Quinti- eternal:    G.    Uliimi- 

tternnl  or  ensi-etemal. 

61  ERNUMENTUM,  Sneezing. 
-      IRNUTAMENTORIA,  Achillea  ptarmioa. 
BTERNUTAMENTUM,  Sneezing. 
BTERNUTATIO,  Bneeaing. 
8TERNUTA  TOTRE.  <te,nutntory. 
BTER'N  QTATORY,  Stermutato'rius,  from  tier- 
nutare,  eternutatum,  'to  si  •    nutamen'tttnt, 

Errhi'num,  Ptar'mieum,  Anarrhi'num,  ( F. )  Ster- 
uutatoire.   A  substance  which  provokes  sneezing; 
a-  tobacco,  A  <•.  —  Bee  Brrhine. 
Stertor. 
BTERTOR,    Ronchtu  or    Rhonchue,    Renckue, 
Rhencus,    I.     -  rrear,  Ronjlement,  from  stertere, 

'to  snore.'    'fhe  deep  snoring  which  :n iii pan ies 

inspiration    in    son  particularly  in  apo- 

Bucb  respiration  is  said  to  be  tter'toroue, 

Sr<  rtoreux  :    Respira'tia  mtertuo'sa  seu  ster- 

'■  rtoro'ea. 

I  lop.  ni  S,  Bee  Stertor. 

i  II. KM  1  \.   Hypera'mia    Pulmo'nwn    sou 

ft,  Congee' tio  Pulmonum  seu  Pectorie,  (F.) 

Ht/perimie   ou    Congestion    dee   Poumonij   from 


oTt)$os,  '  the  chest.'  and  'oijm,  'blood.'  Ilyper.v- 
mia  of  the  lungs.  Congestion  or  accumulation 
of  blood  in  the  pulmonary  vessels, 

STETHOCATB  IRSD3,  Expectoration, 

BTETHOCHYSIS,  Hydrothorax, 

BTETHODESMIS,  Corset 

BTETHODESMIDM,  Corset 

STETHODESMUS,  Corset 

STETHOM'ETER,    from    «rr»,0oy.   'the    .•best.' 

and  ptTDuw  'measure.'    An  instrument,  pi 

by  l»r.  Richard  Quain,  for  measuring  the  extent 

of  movement  of  the  walls  of  the  chest,  as  a  means 

of  diagnosis  in  thoracic  diseases.     It  consists  of 

a  flat  case,  not  unlike  a  watch-case,  having  on  its 
upper  surface  a  graduated  dial  and  index,  which 
is  acted  on  by  a  simple  mechanism.  A  Bilk  con!, 
long  enough  to  surround  one-half  the  chest, 
through  an  aperture  in  the  case.  The  dial 
is  graduated  into  fifty  equal  parts,  each  of  which 
represents  the  1 -200th  of  an  inch.  In  using  the 
instrument,  the  dial  is  placed  lirmly  sgsinst  the 
spine,  and  the  point  of  the  tape  over  the  sternum, 
or  at  any  other  spot  according  to  the  part  to  be 
examined.  The  extension  of  the  String,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  dial,  .-hows  the  amount  of  elasticity 
Of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax. 

Under  the  name  Thoracom'eter, Dr.  Sibson  has 

described  an  instrument  of  his  invention,  which 
is  employed  with  a  similar  view  as  the  stethometer 
of  Dr.  Quain.— Med.  Chir.  Transact.,  vol.  xxxi. 

BTETHOPARAL'YSIS,  Paral'ysie  nervo'rvm 
thora'cie,  phrenicorum,  Ac;  from  art/dos,  'the 
chest,'  and  TrnpaXvcts,  'paralysis.'  Palsy  of  the 
muscles  of  the  chest 

BT  BT  HOR  !!  1 1  E  I'M  A.  neurodynia. 

STETII'OSCOPE,  Stetkoecop'ium,  Stethoe'co- 
pum,  Echoecop'ium,  Peophom'eter,  Thorai 
turn,  from  arrjOui,  'the  chest,'  and  oko-cu.  "J  exa- 
mine.' An  instrument  invented  by  Laennec,  of 
Paris,  for  exploring  the  chest.  The  Btethoscope, 
sometimes  called  Pectoriloque,  is  a  cylinder  of 
wood,  from  four  inches  to  a  foot  long;  pierced 
through  and  through  by  a  longitudinal  canal 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
longer  are  generally  composed  of  two  portions, 
that  fit  together  by  means  of  a  screw,  one  of 
which  is  hollowed  at  the  extremity,  in  the  shape 
■  of  a  funnel.  These  two  portions  being  screwed 
to  each  other,  the  physician  lays  hold  of  the  in- 
strument, as  he  world  id'  a  pen,  puts  the  funnel- 
shaped  extremity  on  the  chest  of  the  patient,  and 
applies  his  ear  to  the  other.  To  explore  the  pul- 
sations of  the  heart,  the  funnel  is  plugged  up  by 
a  piece  of  the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately 
adopted  to  it,  and  pierced  by  a  canal  of  the  same 
widtb  as  that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument. 
Stethoscopes  are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the 
flexible  ear-trumpet. 

This  mode  of  examining  affections  of  the  chest, 
Steth'oecopy,  Stethoecop'ia,  4c,  is  what  Laennec, 
terms  A u imitation  midiate,  Mediate  Auscultation, 

STETIIOSCOPIA,  Bee  Auscultation,  and  Bte- 
thoscope. 

BTETHOSCOP'IC,  Stethoscop'icus,  (P.)  Stitho- 
ecopique.  Same  etymon  as  Stethoscope.  Fur- 
nished by  Btethosoopy  or  auscultation,  —  as  a 
'  etethoscopic  si<rn.' 

STETHOSCOPY,  see  Stethoscope. 

STETHUS,  Thorax. 

BTEW,    Move. 

S'I'Il  KNI'A,  Steni'a,  Diath'eeie  tthen'ica, 
tux  tthen'icHS,   Vis  aucta,  from  o${fo$,  'strength,' 
'power.'      BxoeSS  Of  Strength;    excitement  of  the 

organic  action-,  a  \\o,d  u.-.-d,  especially  by  the 
Brunonians,  as  well  as  Asthenia, — its  an  tithe  ton. 
Sthenic  or  dyn  \ees  are  such  as  depend 

upon  exoessu  e  excitement 

BTHENICUS,  Active. 

BTHENOPYRA,  Bynocha. 


STIBI 


870 


STOMACH 


PTTBT,  Antimonium. 

STIBIALIS,  Antimonial. 

STIB'IALISM,  Stibialis'mna,  from  stibium, 
1  antimony.'  The  aggregate  phenomena  produced 
by  antimonials,  when  given  in  large  quantities: — 
antimonial  intoxication  or  poisoning. 

STIBIATUS  TARTRIS  LIXIVIiE,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 

STIBII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium    muriatum 

—  8.  Deuto-murias  sublimatus,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— s.  et  Potassae  deuto-tartras,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — 8.  Hydrosulphuretum  rubruni,  An- 
timonii  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  s.  Oxidum  acido 
muriatico  oxygenato  par  a  turn,  Algaroth — s.  Oxi- 
dum album  mediante  nitro  confectum,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum —  s.  Oxidum  praecipitando 
paratum,  Algaroth  —  s.  Oxodes  album,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum — s.  Oxodes  sulphuretum, 
Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitatum —  8.  Oxydi 
sulphur ati  bydro-sulphuretum  luteum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  praecipitatum — s.  Oxydulati  sulphu- 
retum, Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitatum  —  s. 
Oxydulum  vitreatum,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxy- 
dura  semivitreura,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxydum 
sulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii  sulphuratum  —  s. 
Subhydrosulphas,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 

—  s.  Submurias  praecipitando  paratum,  Algaroth 

—  s.  Sulphurati  hydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii sulphuretum  rubrum  —  s.  Sulphuretum 
nigrum,  Antimonium  —  s.  Vitrum,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 

STIBIO-DERMIC,  see  TTneuentum  antimonii. 

S  T  I B I  0  S  U  M  HYDROSULPHURETUM 
CUM  SULPHUBE,  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
praecipitatum — s.  Oxidum,  Antimonium  diaphore- 
ticum. 

STIBIUM,  Antimonium. 

STICHAS  ARABICA.  Lavendula  stcechas. 

STICKAVORT,  Agrimony. 

STICTA    PULMONACEA,    Lichen    pulmo- 

STIFF  JOINT,  MUSCULAR,  Contractura. 

Stiff  Joints.  Milk  sickness. 

STIFFNECK,  Torticollis. 

STIGMA.  Cicatricula. 

STIGMATA,  see  Naevus.  The  breathing  pores 
of  insects  are  so  called. 

Stig'mata  Ovario'rfm,  Cicatri'ces  Orario'rnm. 
The  cicatrices  left  in  the  ovary  after  the  escape 
of  ova. 

STILBOMA,  Cosmetic. 

STILL,  Alembic. 

STILLA,  Gutta. 

STILLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBUS, 
Epistaxis. 

STILLBORN,  (F.)  Mort-nS.  Born  still  or 
lifeless,  —  dead  born. 

STILLICID'IUM,  Substil'him,  from  siilhi,  <a 
drop.'  This  term  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
Strangury.  It  means  the  flow  of  any  fluid — par- 
ticularly the  urine  —  drop  by  drop.  Also  a  kind 
of  embrocation,  Stillicid'ium  supra  partem,  effected 
by  dropping  a  liquid  upon  a  part. 

Stillicidifm  Lacrymarum,  Epiphora  —  s.  Na- 
rium,  Coryza —  s.  Sanguinis  e  naribus,  Epistaxis 
—  s.  Supra  partem,  see  Stillicidium. 

STILLTN'GIA,  S.  sylvat'ica,  Queen's  Root, 
Queen's  delight,  Yaw  root,  Nar'cory,  Coclcup  hat. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  pine  bar- 
rens, from  Virginia  to  Florida.  Sex.  Syst.  Mo- 
ncecia  Monadelphia.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiacea?. 
The  root  —  Stillingia,  Ph.  U.  S.  —  is  said  to  be 
used  in  syphilis,  obstinate  cutaneous  affections, 
&c.  like  sarsaparilla. 

STIMATO'SIS,  Stymatosis,  E<smorrhag"ia 
Penis,  Stymatorrhag"ia,  Phallorrhag"ia,  CauJor- 
rhay"ia,  from  arv/xa,  '  priapism,'  itself  from  otvuv, 
'  to  erect.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  male  organ, 
accompanied  or  not  with  priapism. 


STIMMT,  Antimonium. 

STIM'ULANT,  Stim'ulans,  Ex'citans,  In'ci- 
tans,  Incenti'vum,  Irri'tans,  Exei'tant,  Inci'tant, 
Hypersthenic,  Pyretogenet'ic,  from  stimulare,  'to 
goad.'  A  medicine  which  has  the  power  of  ex- 
citing the  organic  action  of  the  different  systems 
of  the  economy.  Some  stimulants  are  diffusible, 
—  that  is,  have  a  prompt  but  temporary  action  ; 
others  are  permanent  or  persistent.  The  action 
of  stimulants  is  called  Stimula'Hon,  Stimula'tio, 
Ineita'tio. 

The  chief  stimulants  are  the  following:  M\\\or 
Sulphuricus,  Ammonia,  Asafoetida,  Brucia,  Cam- 
phors, Capsicum,  Castoreum,  Cinnamomum,  Co- 
paiba, Cubeba,  Guaiacum,  Hydrargyri  Praepa- 
rata,  Iodinium,  Nux  Vomica,  Olea  Essen tialia, 
Opium  (in  small  dose),  Piper.  Sinapis,  Strychnia, 
Zingiber,  — Alcohol,  Caloric,  Electricity,  Mental 
Emotions,  (the  Impetuous.) 

STIM'ULUS,   "a  goad.'     Incitamen'tvm,  Irri- 
ta'men,  Irritamen'tum,   Poten'tia  Irri'tana.     Any 
thing  which  excites  the  animal  economy. 
ST1NE,  Hordeolum. 

STINK  POKE,Dracontium  foetidum— s.Weed, 
Chenopodium    anthelminticum,    Datura    stramo- 
nium. Polanisia  graveolens. 
STIPATIO.  Stegnosis. 

Stipatio  Teljf   Cellulo'sjs  Lxfant'um.     In- 
duration of  the  cellular  tissue  of  children. 
STIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 

STITCH,  same  root  as  stick,  Sax.  ptrician.  (G.) 
stecken,  (Sc.)  Stonnd,  (Prov.)  Dag,  (F.)  Point, 
(L.)  Punctum  ;  (from  pungere,  punctum,  'to  prick 
or  sting.')  An  acute  lancinating  pain,  like  that 
produced  by  the  puncture  of  a  sharp  needle. 

Stitch,  Common,  Suture,  common  —  s.  Royal, 
see  Suture  —  s.  in  the  Side,  Pleurodynia. 
STIZOLOBIUM,  Dolichos  pruriens. 
STLENGIS.  Stridor  dentium. 
STOBiE'A  RUBRICAU'LIS.     A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.   Composite.     A  tincture  of 
the  bruised  roots  is  diuretic,  and  of  great  service 
in  gravel. 

STOCKING,  LACED,  (F.)  Bas  lasst.  A  ban- 
dage used  by  surgeons,  which  consists  of  a  stock- 
ing made  of  firm  cloth  or  dog-skin,  admitting  of 
being  tightly  laced  anteriorly.  It  is  employed 
in  varices  and  ulcers  of  the  less. 

STCECHAS  ARABICA.  Lavendula  stcechas. 
STCECHIOL'OGY,  Stcechiolog"ia,  (F.)  Stcechi- 
ologie;  from  aroi^eiov,  'element,'  and  \oyoq,  'a 
discourse.'  A  treatise,  or  the  theory,  of  elements  ; 
hence  of  the  elementary  parts  of  organized  sub- 
stances. 

STOICHEION,  Element. 
STOMA,  Mouth'. 

STOMAC'ACE,  Stomatoc'ace,  StomaVgia,  La- 
brisul'cium,  Cheiloc'ace,  Uloc'aee,  Cheilomala'- 
cia,  Stomaiono'ma,  Stomatonecrosis,  Cancer  Oris, 
Canker,  from  arofiu,  'the  mouth,'  and  km<o$, 
'evil.'  Fcetor  of  the  mouth  with  a  bloody  dis- 
charge from  the  gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aquatique  ; 
see  Cancer  Aquaticus.     Also,  Scurvy. 

Stomacack,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Gangreno- 
sum, Cancer  aquaticus —  s.  Universale,  Purpura 
haemorrhaffica. 

STOMACAL,  Stomachal. 
STOMACALGIA,  Cardialgia. 
STOMACH,  Stom'aehus.  Ventric'ulus.  Nedys, 
Anoeoz'lia,  Gaster,  GJuttn'patens,  iiavo,  (of  tin\- 
mals,)  (Sc.)  Kyte,  Peehan,  (Prov.)  Warison,  (F.) 
Estomac,  from  a-ofia.  'a  mouth.'  One  of  the 
principal  organs  of  digestion.  It  is  a  musculo- 
membranous  reservoir;  continuous,  on  the  one 
side,  with  the  oesophagus:  on  the  other,  with  the 
duodenum.  It  is  situate  beneath  the  diaphragm, 
between  the  liver  and  the  spleen  :  and  occupies 
the  epigastrium  and  a  part  of  the  left  hypochon- 
drium.     In  it  the  food  is  converted  into  chyme. 


STOMACHAL 


871 


STOMATO-GASTRIC 


Whrn  viewed  externally,  the  stomach  fans.  1.  An 

.  which   loolo  :i  little  upwai 
An    inferior  face,   directed    downwards.     •"•-   An 

r  <>r  colic  margin,  which  is  convex  and  ex- 

|  .  and  is  called  the  greater  curvature,    (P.) 

i  courbnre.    It  gives  origin  to  the  omentum 

rior  or  diaphragmatic  margin, 

is  shorter,  concave,  and  is  called  i1  e 
eurvature,  (F.)  Petit  eourbure.    The  lesser  omen- 
lam  is  Attached  to  this.     5.    \   '    '  or  •- 

.  called,  also,  the  eardia.  On  veutric'uli  or 
V  right  or  intestinal,  or  inferior 

.  called  the  pylorus.  7.  A  considerable 
dilatation,  situate  to  the  Left   of  the  enrdia  and 

r     curvature  —  the     great     tuberosity    or 

or    fit nd ii a    of    the    ttomach  ; 

mi  I.    8.    A     less     extensive   dilatation,    situate 

lo    the    right   of    the    greater   curvature, —  the 

tuberosity  or  lesser  cul-de-aae,  Antrum 
Pyln'ri.     Tin-  inner  surface  of  the  stomach  is  of 

-h-white  colour,  and  lias  a  marhled  ap- 
pearance. It  is  constantly  covered  by  thick  mu- 
cus, and  is  lined  hy  a  mucous  membrane,  which 

-    numerous    wrinkles.     The   parietes   of 

inach  consist  of  three  membranes  in  super- 

m.  The  outermost  is  serous,  and  is  an  ex- 
tension of  the  peritoneum.  The  middle  coat  is 
wnacular, — some  of  its  fibres  running  longitudi- 
nally; others,  transversely,  and  others  obliquely. 
The  innermost  membrane  is  of  a  mucous  nature, 
Crutta  villo'aa  veutric'uli,  Gaatro-mycod'eria,  but 
not  exactly  a  continuation  of  the  membrane  that 
•  iphagus.  The  mucous  and  muscu- 
lar membranes  Conn,  at  the  pylorus,  a  valve, 
called  the  Pyloric  valve.  These  three  coats  are 
nnited  by  a  dense,  close,  .areolar  membrane  ;  and, 

a  the  mucous  and  muscular  coats,  along 
the  two  curvatures  especially,  is  a  quantity  of 
muciparous  glands,  called  Gland*  of  B runner. 
The  arteries  of  the  Btomach  are  very  numerous, 
ninl  proceed  from  the  eoronaria  ventriculi,  the 
pyloric,  splenic,  and  right  and  left  gastro-epiploic. 
The  veins  have  the   same   name,  and   pursue   the 

course    as    the    arteries.      They  pour  their 
into  the  trunk  of  the  vena  porta.     Its  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  numerous,  and  pass  into 
ganglia,  situate  along  the  two  curvatures.     The 

of  the  Btomach  pro< i  from  the  pneutno- 

.  and  three  divisions  of  the  coeliac  plexus. 
Stomach  Celt.,  see  Favulus  —  s.  Disease,  Li- 

ich,  First,  Ingluvies. 
Stomach    Pump,    Qaatren'chyta,   Antli'a   gaaJ- 
pour  I'eetomac,     A   useful   in- 
strument for   conveying   fluids    to  the  stomach, 
when  deglutition  is  impracticable,  and  for  pump- 
the  contents  of  that  organ.     It  consists 
of  a  forcing  Byringe,  to  the  bottom  and  nozzle  of 
which  flexible  tubel  can  be  attached.    When  the 
object   is   to  force  fluids  into  the  stomach,  the 
stomach-tube  must  l>e  attached  to  the  nozzle,  and 
passed  down  the  throat.  —  the   tube  connected 
with  the  bottom  of  the  Byringe  being  placed  in 
the  fluid  to  he  injected.     To  empty  the  stomach, 
the  stomach-tube  must  be  attached  to  the  bottom 
of  the  instrument.     This  instrument  has  been  of 
-  Tvice    where    poisons    have    1 q     taken. 

tidote,  when  any  exists,  and  is  at  band, 
should  be  administered  immediately  prior  to  its 

The    stomach    pump    was    first    employed    in 
America  by  Dr.  Physick,  in  the  year  1812, 

i'.    Bbcono,    Proven  triculus  —  b.  Sick, 

Milk  sickness  —  b.  Thirl,  Ventricnlua  callosus. 

\.  :i  Turk,  Bee  Tube,  oesophageal. 

tf'ACHAL,  Stomach' ic,  Stomach' ical,  Oar- 

di'aeus,    Stomach'icua,   Stomacha'li*,    Vtscera'lia, 

■i.  Stomaehique.    That  which  belongs 

to  the  stomach;   that  which   is  good  fur  the  sto- 


mach :  which  strengthens  the  Btomach.     A  me- 

dieii  e  that  gives  tone  to  the  stomach. 

STOMACHALGIA,  Cardialgia, 
STOM  \<  III  RESOLUTIO,  Dyspepsia. 

B  rOMACHIC,  Stomachal. 

8T0MACHICAL,  Stomach aL 

STOMACH1QUE,  Stomachal. 

STOM'ACHUS,    from    ctoh„.    'month.'    This 
word  has  been  ased  in  several  different  a< 
tions;  for  example,  for  the  oesophagus,  for  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach,  (see  Cardia,)  and 

for  the  Btomach  itself.  Hippocrates  calls  the  neck 
of  the  bladder  oro/in^oi;  M-'crrfuH!  ami  the  Heck  ol 
the  uterus    rt)S  finrpui  orof/uxos. 

STOMAL'OIA,  Stomatal'gia,  Stomatodyu'ia, 
from  jro/ia,  'mouth,'  and  ti\yo>,  '  pain.'  Pain  in 
the  mouth. 

STOMAPYRA,  Aphthse— s.  Aphtha,  Aphthse. 

ST0MATALG1  K,  Stomalgia, 

STOW  VTEL'CIA,  Stomatelco'aia  ;  from  anno, 
ortjfHiros,  '  the  mouth,'  and  'tA«oj,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ul- 
ceration of  the  mouth. 

STOMAT'IA,  Stomatopathi'a ;  from  oro/ia, 
otouitoi;,  'the  month.'      Disease  of  the  mouth. 

S  I  OMAT'IC,  Stomat'icua,  from  oro/ia,  aruftaro^, 

'mouth.'  A  medicine  used  in  diseases,  Ac,  of 
the  mouth.  Dentifrices,  masticatories,  Ac,  are 
stomaties. 

SluMA  TITI-:  APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis, 
aphthous  —  v.  Charbonneuae,  Cancer  aquations — 
v.  Couennenee,  Stomatitis,  pseudo-membranous — 
a.  Crimeuaa  pultacfe,  Aphthae  — e.  Folliculeuse, 
Stomatitis,  aphthous  —  8.  Qangreneuao,  Cancer 
aquaticus — ->••.  ifercurielle,see  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial—  «.  live n- nxe,  Stomatitis,  aphthous. 

STOMATI'TIS,  from  arofia,  cTOymro^,  'the 
mouth,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflammation.  (F.) 
Inflammation  tie  la  Bouche;  Inflammation  of  the 
mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Aphthous,  8.  follicular  or  ul'ee- 
rone,  Em'pfrlyaia  Aphtha,  A.  Ad ul to' rum,  (F.) 
Stomatite,  S.  aphtheuae  ou  folliculeuse  ou  ulre- 
renae.  An  inflammation  of  the  follicles  of  the 
mouth,  constituting  the  aphthae  of  the  adult, 
which  is  generally  accompanied  hy  cephalic,  gas- 
tric, and  general  disturbance.  It  may  he  either 
discrete  or  confluent,  and  requires  general  and 
local  treatment,  adapted  to  the  case. 

Stomatitis,  ERYTHEMATOUS.  Simple  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Exsidativa,  Aphtha? — s.  Follicu- 
lar, S.  aphthous  —  s.  Gangrenous,  Cancer  aquati- 
cus-—a.  Materna,  Stomatitis  of  nursing  women. 

Stomatitis,  Mbrco'rial,  S.  merenria'lia,  Hy- 
drargyroatom'atia,  Hydrargyroetomati'tia.  In- 
flammation of  the  mouth  induced  by  mercury. 

Stomatitis  of  Nursing- women,  S,  Nittri'cuin 
sen  Mater' na,  appears  to  he  a  variety  of  S.  aph- 
thous. 

Stomatitis  Nutricum,  Stomatitis  of  nursing- 
women. 

Stomatitis,  Psettdombm'branous,  (P.)  Stoma- 
tite  couenneuae,  Diphthirite  bnccale,  Paeudo-mem- 
branoua  inflammation  of  the  mouth;  —  in  its 
worst  form,  Stomatyphua,  (P.)  Figarite.  inflam- 
mation of  the  month  accompanied  by  the  exuda- 
tion of  a  false  ineinhrane,  —  a  disease  which  is 
rardy  seen  except  in  large  foundling  establish- 
ments. 

Stomatitis.  ULCEROUS,  S.  aphthous — s.  Vesi- 
oulosa  infantum,  Aphthse. 

BTOMATOCACB,  Stomacace. 

8T0MAT0DYNIA,  Btomalgia, 

BTOMATO-  GASTRIC,  Sto'mato-gaa'tricn*, 
Stomo  gaatric,  Stomo-gaa'tricua,  from  orofia,  aro- 
liruof,  'the    mouth,'   and    yaari/,>,    'the    stomach.' 

Appertaining  to  the  mouth  and  stomach,  —as  the 
stomato-gaatric  ganglia  of  the  lower  animals.   Seo 

Encephalon  and  Nerves. 


STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA 


87 


STRANGULATION 


STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

STOMATONECROSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
niacace. 

STOMATONOMA,  Stomaeace. 

STOMATOPA'NUS,  from  aropa,  arouaros,  'the 
mouth,' and  navos,  'a  glandular  tumour.'  Sto- 
imxtophy'ma  glandulosum,  Panua  Fau'cium.  Tu- 
mefaction of  the  glands  of  the  mouth. 

B  I'HMATOPHY'MA.from  eropa,  arofiaroq,  '  the 
mouth,'  and  0u//a,  '  a  swelling.'  A  swelling  in 
the  mouth. 

Stomatophyma  Glandulosum,  Stomatopanus. 
STOMATOPLAS'TIC,  Stomatoplasties;  from 
cTo^a,  gto/jkitos,  '  the  mouth,'  and  rrhacrau),  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  for  the  operation  of  forming  a  mouth, 
where  the  aperture  has  been  contracted  from  any 
cause.     Stomatoplaa'ty. 

STOMATORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrkae'a,  Hce- 
morrhag"ia  oris  sen  fau'cium,  Sari'guinia  profiu'- 
iiui)t  ex  Ore,  ffceniorrho'i'des  Oris,  Stomato'aia, 
Stomorrhag"ia,  (F.)  Hemorrhagic  buccale,  from 
crcjia,  aTofxaroi,  '  the  mouth,'  and  pTjyvvpi, '  I  break 
our.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  mouth. 

Stomatorrhagia  Alveolorum,  Phatnorrha- 
gia  —  s.  Gingivarum,  Ulorrhagia. 

STOMATORRHCEA,  Stomatorrhagia. 
STOMATOSCOPE,    from      crofja,      arofiaros, 
'  mouth,'  and  o-kottew,  'I  view.'     Any  instrument 
for  keeping  the  mouth  open,  so  as  to  permit  the 
parts  within  to  be  inspected  ;   Speculum  oris. 
STOMATOSEPStS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 
STOMATOSIS,  Stomatorrhagia. 
STOMATOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 
STOMATYPHUS,  Stomatitis,  pseudomembra- 
nous. 

STOMENCEPHALUS,  Stomocephalus. 
STOMOCEPH'ALUS,  Stomcnceph'alus,  (F.) 
Stomocephale,  Stomenc.ephale ;  from  uTop.a, 
'mouth,'  and  Kt<pu\r),  'head.'  A  genus  of  mon- 
sters, having  two  contiguous  eyes,  or  a  double  eye 
occupying  the  median  line;  the  nasal  apparatus 
atrophied  and  forming  a  tube  {trompe)  ;  the  jaws 
rudimental  ;  and  the  mouth  imperfect  or  want- 
ing.— I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

STOMOMANICON,  Platysma  myoides. 
STOMORRHAGIA.  Stomatorrhagia. 
STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER,  Calculi,  vesical 
—  s.  Binder,   Osteocolla  —  s.  Crop,   Sedum  —  s. 
Crop,  biting,  Sedum — s.  Mint,  Cunila  mariana — 
s.  Pock.  Acne  —  s.  Root,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 
STONES,  THE,  Testes. 
STOOL,  Dejectio. 
Stool,  Calomel,  see  Calomel. 
STORAX,  Styrax  —  s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar 
styraciflua. 

STOREY'S  WORM    CAKES.     An    empirical 
preparation,  formed  of  calomel  £}i,  jalap  3J>  2"'~ 
yib.  ^ij.  sacch.  ^j,  cinuab.  antim.  q.  s.  to  colour 
them  :  nyrup.  simpl.  q.  s.  to  make  into  cakes. 
STORKBlLL.  Geranium  maculatum. 
STOUND.  Stitch. 

STOVE,  ^Estua'rium,  Stnpha.  Old  French,  Es- 
tnve ;  a  Steio,  (F.)  Etuve.  A  limited  space,  warm- 
ed artificially,  and  in  which  the  air  is  slowly  re- 
newed. It  is  used  for  drying  various  substances, 
as  plants,  extracts,  conserves,  <fec,  or  for  taking 
vapour  baths.  In  this  case,  the  stew  or  stove  is 
said  to  be  wet  or  humid;  in  the  opposite  case,  it 
is  said  to  be  dry,  (F.)  seche.  The  latter,  which 
is  used  by  the  Turks,  is  the  Lacon'icum  or  Cali- 
dn'rium  of  the  Romans.  The  former  is  their 
Tepida'rium  or  Vopora'rium.  These  kinds  of 
baths  greatly  excite  the  cutaneous  transpiration  ; 
jmd  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  and  other 
affections. 

STRABI,  see  Strabismus. 
STRABILISMOS.  Strabismus. 
STRABIS'MUS,  Strabilis'mos,  Parop'sis  Stra- 


bismus, from  orpaQos, '  twisted,'  'one  who  squints;' 
Straboa'itaa,  Loxophthal'mua,  Distor'sio.  Lus'citaa, 
J/lo'sis,  Ilo'aia,  Helo'xis,  Squinting,  Cross  eye, 
(Prov.)  Doyle,  Gleeing,  (Sc.)  Skellie,  Skeely,  (F.) 
Strabisme,  Vue  lonclte,  Louchement.  Want  of 
concordance  of  the  optic  axes.  It  may  be  de- 
pendent upon  natural  or  acquired  inequality  in 
the  action  of  the  motor  muscles  of  the  eye  ;  on  a 
convulsive  state  of  one  of  those  muscles  ;  a  dif- 
ference in  the  sensibility  of  the  two  eyes;  or  a 
cerebral  affection.  In  the  treatment,  if  the  dis- 
ease seem  to  depend  upon  an  excess  of  strength 
in  one  of  the  motor  muscles,  we  must  endeavour 
to  give  tone  to  that  which  rs  too  weak,  by  placing 
before  the  eye  a  mask  having  a  small  aperture 
on  the  side  to  which  it  is  necessary  to  direct  the 
pupil ;  or  by  wearing  glasses,  provided  with  a 
piece  of  looking-glass,  on  the  side  to  which  the 
eye  is  vitiously  turned;  so  that  the  reflection 
may  be  inconvenient,  and  occasion  the  organ  to 
be  turned  in  an  opposite  direction  ;  or  by  putting 
a  black  patch  on  the  angle  opposite  to  that  to 
which  the  eye  is  turned.  If  owing  to  weakness, 
the  organ  must  be  strengthened  by  being  ex- 
erted alone,  and  by  leaving  the  other  at  rest. 
If  the  disease  be  symptomatic  of  cerebral  affec- 
tion, attention  must,  of  course,  be  directed  to  the 
latter. 

Strabismus  may  be  single,  or  affect  one  eye 
only,  or  double,  and  it  may  be  convergent  or  di- 
vergent. 

Those  affected  with  Strabismus  are  called  Stra- 
bi,  Strabo'nes,  Strabo'ni,  Strebli,  lilt,  Tll'ides, 
Squint' era,  Squint-eyed,  (Sc.)  Gleyed,  (F.)  Louchea, 
Bigles.  A  slight  deviation  is  generally  called  a 
Cast  in  the  Eye,  and,  sometimes,  a  Cock-eye. 

Strabismus,  Convergent,  see  Strabismus — s. 
Divergent,  see  Strabismus — s.  Double,  see  Stra- 
bismus— s.  Single,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONES,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONI,  see  Strabismus. 

STR ABOSIT A  S,  Strabismus. 

STRABOT'OMY.  Stmbotom'ia,  from  orpapos, 
'one  who  squints,'  and  To\in,  'incision.'  The 
operation  for  the  removal  of  squinting  by  the 
division  of  the  muscle  or  muscles  that  distort  the 
eye-ball. 

STRAE-DEATH,  see  Death. 

STRAIN,  Sprain. 

Strain,  colore,  (F.)  covler,  from  crpayyeiv, 
xtrinyere,  (F.)  estreindre,  'to  constrict  or  squeeze.' 
To  pass  decoctions,  infusions,  Ac,  forcibly  through 
linen  ;  also,  to  exert  an  effort.  This  is  accom- 
plished by  fixing  firmly  the  parts  where  the  mus- 
cles to  be  exerted  originate,  in  order  that  their 
full  power  may  be  developed. 

STRAINING.  Nisus. 

STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

STRAMOINE,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIA,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIUM,  Datura  stramonium— s.  Foe- 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Majus  album. Da- 
tura stramonium  —  s.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramo- 
nium—  s.  Vulgatum,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRANGAL'IDES.  from  crrf.ayyw.  'I  com- 
press.' Small,  hard  tumours,  which  form,  as  in 
the  breast  when  the  milk  does  not  find  issue. 

STRANGALION.  Tubercle. 

STRANGALIS,  Tubercle. 

STRANGALISMUS,  Strangulation. 

STRANGERS'  FEVER,  see  Fever,  strangers'. 

STRANG ULATIO,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation 
—  s.  Uterina.  Angone. — s.  Vulva?,  Hjsterin. 

STRANGULA'TION,     StrangulaJ Wo,     Pnix, 

Pnig'mos,     Strangalia'mwt,    (F.)     Etnuxjlement, 

Strangulation.     From    arpayyu).    'I    constrict    or 

squeeze.'     State  of  a  part  too  closely  constricted. 

|  Thus  we  say  that  there  is  strangulation  of  an  in- 


STRANGULATOR 


ST  r.  oP  HULL'S 


testinal  hernia,  when  the  opening  thai  gives  paa- 
the  portion  of  protruded  intestine  ©on- 
to intercept  the  continuity  of  the 
■■  canal.    In  Legal  Medicine,  it  means  the 
obstruction    of   the    air  passages,   by   a 
ligature  >>r   by  the   hand,  lor  criminal   pur] 

•Ml). 

.  v;i"L  \T  i  idee, 

.  N  i  U  HIV,  Enuresis— a.  Cruenta,  I 

: 

!  iVG  I 7.7/.'.    Strangury  —  ».    Mi  nstrueUe, 
norrhoea. 

VXGU'RIOUS;  same  etymon  m  the  next 

I  with,  <>r  of  the  nature  of,  strangury. 
N'GURY,    Stranguria,   Paru'ria  stilla- 

iimii    arpay]  ueete,'  and   ovpov, 

'urine:'  Dysu'ria,  l/ri'na  Stillicid'ium  sen  Sub- 
ttil'lum,  (F.)  Strangurie.  Extreme  difficulty  in 
evacuating  the  urine,  which  issues  only  drop  by 
drop,  »nd  is  accompanied  with  heat,  pain. 

the  neck  of  the  bladder,  A  .  B<  Ischuria, 
und  Retention. 

W'lMVL  WATER,  lee  Water-dressing 
— b.  Wet,  see  Water-dressing. 

STRATHPEFFER,    MINERAL     WA 

OF.  A  sulphuretted  water,  at  Strathpeffer,  a  few 
from  Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire,  Scot- 
land. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of 
lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
und  Milpho-hvdrie  acid. 

BTRA  riOTES,  Achillea  millefolium. 

ITUM  BACILLATUM,  see  Tunica  Ja- 
eobi — s.  Corneum,  Epidermis — s.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — s.  Pigtnenti,  see  Choroid — s.  Pro- 
ligeruui.  Proligerous  disc. 

IWBERRY,  Fragaria—  s.  Bush,  Enony- 
imi>  American  us  —  s.  Shrubby,  Rubus  arcticus— 
.  Euonymus  Americanus — a.  Wild,  Fragaria 
Virginian  a. 

STREAK.  PRIMITIVE.  Groove,  primitive. 
STF.EATHAM,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Streatham  is  a  village  near  London.     The  waters 
are  saline  and  cathartic. 

■  trabismus. 
STREBLOSIS,  Luxation. 

LEMMA,  Luxation.  Sprain. 
STREPITO'SDS  MORBUS.  '  Noisy  disease.* 
A  kind  of  flatulent  disease,  said  by  Sorbait  to  be 
not  uncommon  in  the  Austrian  Alps,  in  which 
emphysematous  tumours  form  on  different  parts 
of  the  body,  —  accompanied  by  sonorous  excre- 
tion of  l.ms  by  the  mouth  and  anus. 

BTREPITUS    Ml',  I  I'M.  Tinnitus  aurium. 
BTCHING,   Pandiculation. 

i  .K,  Vibices — s.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  processes 
Tenia  semioircularis — s.  Longitudi- 
nales  Lancisii,  see  Corpus  eallosum  —  b.  Medul- 
-  teretes  — s.  Retinas  subjectae 
ligamento  ciliari,  Halo  Bignatus — b.  Semilunares, 
semioircularis — b.  Terminates,  Taenia  Bemi- 
oircularU  —  s.  Transversales  Willisii,  see  Corpus 
i  in. 
BTR1  ITED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

BTRIATUS,   CannelS,    Grooved,  see    Corpora 
Striata . 
8TRIBILIG0,  Efflnrescenoe. 

BTRICTURA,    Stricture  —  s.  Ani.  Stricture  of 
the    rectum  —  S.    Intestini    recti,    Stricture   of  the 

rectum — s.  Intestini  recti  spasmodica,  Stricture 
rectum,  spaamodio — s.  (Esophagi  callosa, 
Dysphagia  constricta  — b.  (Esophagi  spasmodica, 
GSsopl  -  Pbaryngis  sea  oesophagi  vera, 

constricta — s.  Prasputii,  Phimosis  — 
ra?,  Urethrostenosis— s.  Ventriculi,  Stric- 
ture of  the  stomach. 

81  RICTURE,  Strictu'ra,  from  stringere,  strie- 

tiim,  'to  tie  bard.'     Coareta'tio,  Stegno'eis,  (F.) 

'ssement.     A  diminution  or  contracted  con- 


dition of  some  tube  or  duct,  ai  pi  agua, 

rectum,  nrethra,  A  ■.      This  must  be  dila 
appropriate  bougies.      Strictures  may,  also,  occur 
in  the  intestines:  they  are  unmanageable,  with 
the  exception  of  those  of  the  rectum,  which  admit 
of  topical  applications. 

!  bi    ON.. i  ii  Lei  -.    1  >\  jphagia 
constricta  —  s.  of  the  Pharynx,  Dysphag 
strieta. 

STRIQTURfl  or  mi:   Rl  I  n  m.  BPASMOD'lC,  Srrte- 
tit'ra  ftitesti' ni  li'iiti spasmod'ica,  Obstrnc'tio  Recti 
spas'tien.     An  sffeotion  occurring  in  the  n 
especially,  which  subsides  spontaneously,  alter  a 
longer  or  shorter  continuance. 

Stricture  of  the  rectum.  Strictu'ra  Ani  sen  fn- 
testi'ni  Recti,  Archostegno'nta,  /.'<  > '• 
■  'urn,  Archostegno'sis,  .1 
Proctoincli'sis,  Angusta'tio  6\  Rettric'tio  intestini 
recti  >eu  ant,  Stenocho'ria  intesti'nt  recti,  Procto- 
steno'sis  organ' ica,  occurs  also  organically,  and  is 
a  very  serious  affection;  being  generally  depend- 
ent upon  seirrhus. 

Stricture  o»   thk    Stomach,  << 
Coareta'tio  sen  Strictu'ra  ventric'uli. 
trostenosis  cardiaca,  4c. 

Stricture  or  tiik  Urethra,  Urethtostenosia 

—  s.  of  the  Urinary  bladder,  Cystostenochoria — 
s.  Vesicae  urinarise,  Cystostenochoria. 

STRIDOR  DENTIUM,  Brygmus. 

STRIGA  CARTILAGINOSA  CORDIS",  Isth- 
mus of  the  fossa  ovalis. 

STRIGIL,  Stritfilis,  Stlen'gis,  Stelen'gis.  A 
flesh-brush.  Also,  an  instrument,  anciently  used 
in  the  baths,  for  scraping  off  the  sweat. 

STRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Muscu- 
lar fibre. 

STR0BILITPTE8,  from  trrpofliXoe,  etro'bilns, 
'a  cone  of  the  pine.'  Wine  impregnated  with 
the  cones  of  the  pine. 

BTROEMIA,  Cadaba, 

STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.  An  apoplectic 
seizure. 

Stroke,  Back,  of  the  Heart,  Impulse,  dia- 
stolic. 

Stroke,  Paralyt'ic.     A  sudden  attack  of  en- 

cephalo-spinal  paralysis. 

STROMA,  Strag'ulum,  Stramen'tnm  ;  arpw/ia, 
'a  bed  or  couch,'  from  orpiowvu),  orituvvvfii.  'to 
spread  out:  to  cover.'  The  bed  or  foundation- 
texture  of  an  organ, — as  the  stroma  of  the  ovary. 

Applied,  also,  to  the  Led  or  base  of  any  deposit 

—  as  the  'amorphous  stroma'  of  scrofulous  de- 
posit < . 

STROMBULCUS,  Forceps  (bullet.) 
STRONGLE,  Btrongylus— «.Gt*anf,StrongyIus 

gigas. 

STRON'GYLUS,  from  CTpoyyv\o<;,  'round.' 
Hippocrates,  Chahert.  and  other.-,  mean  ' 
can's  lumbriecH' des  by  this  term.  The  Strongylus 
Gigas,  Enstron' gylus  gigas,  As'caris  tnscera'fis 
sen  rena'lis,  Fusa'ria  viscera' lis  et  renu'lis,  (F.) 
Strangle,  S.  giant,  is,  however,  distinct.  It  has 
an  obtuse,  flat  head:  mouth  Burrounded  with  six 
flattisfa  papillae :  the  whole  bursa  of  themale  trun- 
cated :  the  tail  of  the  female  rounded.  It  is  some- 
times met  with,  —  five  inches,  a  foot,  a  foot  and  a 
half,  and  even  three  feet  long,  —  and  from  two 
lines  to  half  an  Inch  in  diameter.  It  i- 
sionally  found  in  the  human  kidney :  rarely  in 
other  viscera,  and  still  more  rarely  in  the  intes- 
tinal tube. 

Btrowgtlub,  'I'. 

STROPHOS.  Tormina. 

STROPHULE,  Strophulus. 

BTROPH  'ULUS,     licheni ' asis    ttrnpb'vlns, 

Kbullii" in,   Eranthe'mn  sen  Exa  '•"««  strophulus, 
Red  Gum,  Red  Qanm,  Tooth    Rash,   Whii 
Milk-spots,  (17)   Strophule,    Feux  de    dents.      It 

B    of   an    eruption    of   red,    or    sometimes 


STROPIIUS 


874 


STRYCHNOS 


•whitish  pimples,  occurring  in  early  infancy,! 
chiefly  about  the  face,  neck,  and  arms,  surrounded 
by  a  reddish  halo;  or  interrupted  by  irregular 
patches  of  cutaneous  blush.  All  the  varieties 
under  this  genus  arise  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
treme vascularity  and  irritability  of  the  skin  at 
this  period  of  life,  when  the  constitution  is  liable 
to  be  disturbed  by  irritation,  either  in  the  ali- 
mentary canal,  gums  or  other  parts.  None  of 
these  eruptions  are  of  any  importance,  and  no 
medical  treatment  is  usually  necessary.  If  the 
stomach  seem  at  all  disordered,  a  little  rhubarb 
and  magnesia  may  be  administered  occasionally. 
Willan  and  Bateman  reckon  live  species,  —  Stro- 
phulus intertinc'tus,  Red  gum  or  gown  ;  S.al'bidus, 
white  gum;  S.  confer' tus,  rank  red  gum,  Tooth 
rash  ;  S.  volat'icus  or  Erythe'ma  volat'icum,  and 
S.  can'didus. 

Strophulus  Sylvestrts,  Ignis  sylvaticus — s. 
Volaticus,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 
STROPIIUS,  Tormina. 
STRUCTIO,  Structura. 

STRUCTURAL;    same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Of,  or  belonirine:  to,  structure. 

STRUCTURE.   Structu'ra,    Struc'tio,    Confor- 
tna'tlo,    Oatasceu'e,    from    struere,    structura,    '  to 
build.'     The  arrangement  of  the  different  tissues 
or  organic  elements  of  which  animals  and  vege- 
tables are  composed.     See  Tissue. 
STRUMA.  Bronchocele,  Scrofula. 
Struma  Adipo'sa,  Obes'itas  colli.    Fatty  neck. 
Prominence  of  the  neck  from  obesity. 
Struma  Fungosa,  Encephaloid. 
STRUM ES.  Scrofula. 
X TR  UME UX.  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOSIS  CEREBRI,  Encephalophymata 
—  s.  Pulmonum.  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
STRUMOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOUS.  Scrofulous. 

STRUTHIOPH'AGUS,  from  orpov&iov,  'a 
young  ostrich,'  and  0ayw,  'I  eat.'  Struthiopha- 
gous  tribes  still  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 
STRUTHIUM.  Saponaria. 
STRUVE'S  LOTION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH,  see  Lotion,  Struve's,  for  hooping-cough. 
STRYCHN I  A,  Strych  n  i'na. Strych  'n  ine,Strych  - 
ni'num,  Strych'nium,  Vauqueline,  Tet'anine.  An 
alkaline  principle  ;  solid,  crystalline,  inodorous, 
bitter,  and  excessively  poisonous,  which  has  been 
found  in  Strychnos  nux  vomica,  S.  Colnbri'na,  S. 
Tieute,  Igna'tia  atna'ra,  Cer'bera  Theve'tia,  and 
C.  Aho'rai.  (Nucis  vomicae,  rasur.  Tbiv:  ealeis 
pulv.  3vj  :  acid,  muriat.  f^iij  ;  alcohol.,  acid,  sul- 
phuric, dil.,  liquor,  ammonia:,  carbon,  animal, 
purif.,  aquce,  aa  q.  s.  Digest  the  nux  vomica  in 
two  gallons  of  water,  acidulated  with  a  fluidounce 
of  muriatic  acid,  for  21  hours:  then  boil  for  two 
hours,  and  strain  with  expression  through  a  strong 
linen  bag.  Boil  the  residuum  twice  successively 
in  the  same  quantity  of  acidulated  water,  each 
time  straining  as  before.  Mix  the  decoctions, 
and  evaporate  to  the  consistency  of  thin  syrup  ; 
then  add  the  lime  previously  mixed  with  a  pint 
of  water,  and  boil  for  ten  minutes,  frequently 
stirring.  Pour  the  mixture  into  a  double  linen 
bag,  and  having  washed  the  precipitate  well  with 
water,  press,  dry.  and  powder  it.  Treat  the 
powder  repeatedly  with  boiling  alcohol,  until  de- 
prived of  its  bitterness;  mix  the  liquors,  and  dis- 
til off  the  alcohol  by  means  of  a  water-bath.  Mix 
the  residue  with  water,  and  having  applied  heat, 
drop  in  sufficient  diluted  sulphuric  acid  to  neutra- 
lize and  dissolve  the  strychnia:  then  add  puri- 
fied animal  charcoal ;  boil  for  a  few  minutes,  filter, 
evaporate,  and  crystallize.  Dissolve  the  crystals 
in  water,  and  add  sufficient  solution  of  ammonia 
to  precipitate  the  strychnia.  Lastly,  dry  the  pre- 
cipitate on  bibulous  paper.  Ph.  U.  S.)  The  ac- 
tion— therapeutical  and  toxical — of  strychnia  on 


man  and  animals  is  exactly  like  that  of  the  alco- 
holic extract  of  nux  vomica.  It  is.  however, 
more  active.  An  eighth  of  a  grain  is  sufficient 
to  kill  a  large  dog;  and  a  quarter  of  a  grain  pro- 
duces marked  effects  on  the  human  body,  when 
in  health.  It  has  been  given  in  paralysis  and 
other  cases  like  the  nux  vomica.  Dose,  one- 
sixteenth  to  one-twelfth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Acktate  ok,  Strychnia*  acetaa  — 
s.  Hydriodate  of,  Strychnia?  hydriodas — s.  I'. date 
of.  Strychnia?  iodas — s.  Iodide  of,  Strychnia*  hy- 
driodas. 

Stkych'nia,  I'odide  of  Iodhydrate  of.  (F.) 
Iodure  d'lodhydrate  de  Strychnine,  is  made  by 
pouring  a  solution  of  ioduretted  iodide  of  pot ■-»*- 
si um  into  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  strychnia  :  treat- 
ing the  precipitate  with  boiling  alcohol,  and  crys- 
tallizing. Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 
Dose,  a  tenth  to  a  sixth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Muriate  of,  Strychnia*  rnuriaa  — 
s.  Nitrate  of,  Strychnia?  nitras  —  s.  Sulphate  of, 
Strychnia?  sulphas. 

Strychnia  and  Zinc.  Double  Iodide  of, 
Zinc  and  Strychnia,  double  iodide  of. 

STRYCH'N DE  ACE'TAS,  Strych'nium  seu 
Strychni'num  ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  strych'nii  seu 
strych' nictts,  Ac"etate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine. 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  direct  combination  of 
strychnia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  pure  strychnia. 

Strych'ni/E  Hydri'odAS,  S.  iodhy'dras.  Strych'. 
nium  hydro'iod'icum,  Hydri'odas  seu  Iodhy'dn 
strych' nicus,  Hydri'odate  or  Iodide  of  Strychnia, 
is  prepared  by  mixing  a  solution  of  iodide  of  po- 
tassium with  a  concentrated  solution  of  acetate  of 
strychnia. 

Strych'nIjE  I'odas, Strychni'na?  Podae,  Strych- 
ni'na  loda'ta,  Strych'nium  seu  Strychni'num  lod' - 
icum,  I'<idas  Strych'nii  sen  Strip  Idnicns,  I'odate 
of  Strych' nia  or  Strychnine.  This  salt  may  be 
formed  by  adding  a  concentrated  solution  of 
iodic  acid  to  strychnia;  treating  with  boiling 
alcohol;  filtering,  and  leaving  it  to  spontaneous 
evaporation. 

Strych'nle  Mu'rias,  Mu'riate  of  Strychnia. 
(The  product  of  the  union  of  muriatic  acid  and 
strychnia.)  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 
Strychnine  Nitras,  Strych'nium  ni'trictim,  Ni- 
trate of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine,  (F.)  Nitrate  ou 
Azotate  de  Strychnine.  (The  product  of  the  union 
of  nitric  acid  and  strychnia.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  strychnia. 

Strych'ni^e  Sulphas.  Strych'nium  snlphu'ri- 
cum,  Sulphate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine.  Has 
the  same  properties. 

STRYCHNINA,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINE,    Strychnia  — s.    Azotate    of, 
Strychnia?  nitras. 

STRYCIINIXUM,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHXISM,  see  Strvchnos  nux  vomica^ 
STRYCH  NIUM,  Strychnia  —  s.  Aceticum, 
Strychnia?  acetas — s.  Nitricum,  Strychnia?  nitras 
—  s.  Sulphuricum,  Strychnia?  sulphas. 

STRYCHNOS,  Solanum  dulcamara— s.  Coin- 
brina,see  Strychnia,  and  S.  Nux  vomica — s.  Guia- 
nensis,  see  Curare  —  s.  Ignatii,  Ignatia  a  mar  a. 

Strychnos  NuxYom'ica,  Nux  Vomica,  MeteV- 

la,    Caniram,    Koochla    tree.       Nat.    Ord.    Loga- 

niacea?.     Sex.  Syst.  PentandriaMonoirynia.     (F.) 

Vomiquier.     A   tree  of  the  family   Strychnntdes, 

which  grows  in  India,  and    the  seeds  of  which 

i  have    been    long  sold    in    the    shops,  under  the 

names,  Nux  Vomica,  Vomic  or  Poison  nut.  Bache- 

\  lore'  buttons,  &c,  (F.)  Noi.r  vomique.     For  a  long 

I  time,  these  seeds  were  used   only  for  poisoning 

I  rats;   but  subsequently  an   alcoholic  extract  was 

!i  prepared    from    them,    which    has    been    admin- 

!|  istered    in    paralytic  affections,   in    small    doses. 

li  Dose  of  the  Alcoholic  Extract,  Extrac' turn  nucia 


STRYPIIXA 


8  7  5 


STYLO-GLOSS  IS 


tpiritno'sum  sen  nueit  vomica  reeino'eum 
x'ica  nlcohol'icnm,    F.     Earl  ait  atco~ 

•  /yn--,  one  <>r  two  grains.     I' 
es  a  kind  of  tetanic  convulsion  in  the  pa- 
ralysed parts,  when  given  to  th.'  requisite  extent. 
i1-),  been  administered  in  chronic  diar- 
,  ry.     When    taken  to  such  an 

induce  toxical  phenomena  —  Strych- 
11  i» in — it  causes,  at  first,  or  when  given  in  a 
■mailer  dose,  greatly  augmented  excitability  of 

il  nervous  system,  with  Blight  bra 
paroxysms  of  spasms  of  the  limbs,  and  hurried 

■  on.  In  larger  doses,  the  excitability  is 
still  more  developed,  with  paroxysms  of  prolonged 
general  tetanic  convulsions,  laryngismus  <t  con- 
traction of  the  glottis,  violent  efforts  of  respira- 
tion, apoplexy,  ami  asphyxia. 

The  following  is  the  formula  for  the  pr 
tion  of  the  ExTRAC'TUM  X iris  Vom'IOA  of  the 
Phann  D.  S.  Take  of  Xm  vomica,  Ibj  ;  Alcohol, 
n  sufficient  quantity.  Ex|  -  the  Nux  Vomica  to 
Pteam  till  it  i~  softened;  then,  having  sliced  ami 
dried  it,  grind  it  into  powder.  Introduce  it  into 
an  apparatus  for  displacement,  and  pour  alcohol 

■  gradually,  until  the  liquid  passes  without 
Utter n ess.  Distil  off  the  greater  part  of  the  alco- 
hol  from    the   filtered  liquor,   and    evaporate  the 

!  proper  consist,  i 
The  hark  is  the  faint  nngimtura  or  false  cuspa- 
rjd  bark;  Rnhitn.     See  Brucea  antidysenterica. 

The  wood  of  Stkyciinos  Colubki'na,  Modira 

tWtirnm,  an  Indian  tree,  which  contains  strychnia. 

rmerly   considered   a   specific  against  the 

bite-  of  venomous  animals  :  and  was  recommended 

rhaave  in  intermittent*.     It  is  the  Lignum 

Cnhihri'  iiilui.      Y .       I.'      -  Co 

r  the  names  arpv^vri,  and  arrv\voq,  differ- 
ent kinds  of  nightshade  are  described  by  Dios- 
eorides. 

rcHMOS  Igxatit,  Tgnatia  a  mar  a. 
Btrychxos    Potato'rom,    Clearing   nut.     The 
fruit  of  a  large  tree  of  Silhet,  which,  when  ripe, 
in  the  market-;  of  India,  and  has  been  in- 

trodu 1   into   those   of  London,  under   the  name 

or   Nirmilliee.      One    of  them   i<   well 

;  for  a  minute  or  two  around  the  inside  of 

1   containing  water,   which   it   purities  by 

Causing  the  impurities,  which   the   fluid  contains. 

to  he  deposited  through   its  albumen  ami  casein 

it  i-  - 

-  PsF.rnoQfi'NA.  Quina  do  Campo, 
of  Brazil,  is  used  by  the  natives  as  a  substitute 
for  cinchona. 

■hnia.  and  Upas — 
Toxifera,  and  Curare. 
STRYPHNA,  Astringents, 
BTKYPHNOS,  Acerb. 
BTUDT08US   MEDICINE,  Philiatros. 
DIUM  IV  \Xi:.  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
[JDY,  BROWN,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
STUFF,  -  e  Medicament 

I'm:.  Cynanche  tracheal  is. 
BTDLTITIA,  Fatuil 

BTUMP,  (<;  )  Btumpf,  <r>.)  Stomp,  'a 
stump:'  also,  '  blunt.'  (F.)  Sfoignom.  The  part 
remaining  from  which  a  limb  or  other  part  has 
tmputated  or  removed  in  any  manner.  Also, 
the  portion  of  a  tooth  remaining  in  the  alveolus, 
after  the  corona  has  been  removed,  (F.)  Chieot. 
STUMPFOOT,  Kyll 

".     P.I  £ton- 

nf,   (L.)    attonitun,    'astonished.'      An    epithet, 

applied   to  one  who.  in   consequence  of  a   fall   or 

other    accident,    has    received    such 

of  the  brain  as  to  deprive  him,  for  a  time,  of  his 

■  i  tions. 

ST  I  PA,   orvrr),   Stupha,  Stnppa,  srtona,   Sttt- 

I  in  certain  surgical  apparatuses 


ami   drt  181 

is.  cloth  or  tow  used    in    fomentations.      A 

or  other  article  wrung  out  of  hot  water,  plain  or 

medicated,  applied  to  a  part,  is  a  sin/*-.  The  act 
of  applving  such  stupe  is  called  etupittg. 

S  1  UPE,  Stupa. 

BTUPEFA(  1KNTIA.  Narc 

STUP&FACTIFS,  Narcotics. 

6TUPBFA0TI0,  Nai 

STUPllFlANTS,  Xar 

PEION,  Stupa. 

STUPEUH,  Stupor. 

BTUPHA,  Stove,  Stupa. 
STDPIA,  Tin. 

BTUPIDITAS,  Idiotism,  Imbecility. 
STUPING,  see  Stupe. 

STUPOR.  ■■<.   Contterna'tio, 

I  P. )  Stupt  in-,  from  tti 

•  to  he  stupefied.*  Diminished  activity  of  the  in- 
tellectual faculties,  often  amounting  to  lethargy. 
It  occurs  iii  many  affections,  especially  in  the 
neuroi 

Stupor.,  Narcosis — s.  Artuum,  Obdormitio  —  *. 
Pentium,  Hsemodia  —  s.  Formicans,  Formication 
—  s.  Mentis.  Fatuitas  —  s.  Vigilans,  Catalepsy, 

STUPPE,  Stupa. 

B  HIT,  \TM>N.  Stuprum. 

STUPRUM,  Rape,  Stupra'tion,  (F.)  Deflora- 
tion, Vi'il.  Forcible  and  illicit  enjoyment  of  a 
married  or  unmarried  female.  When  committed 
upon  the  latter,  which  is  most  commonly  the 
ease,  it  is  also  called,  Deflora'tion,  Dejtora'tin, 
Devirgina'tio,  Vitiu'tio,  Apanthis'mn*,  Ac.  In 
judging  whether  rape  has  been  committed  under 
such  circumstances,  the  state  of  the  genital  or- 
gans; the  age  of  the  individual;  and  the  possibi- 
lity of  accidents  and  diseases  of  the  parts,  will 
have  to  be  considered.  It  will  be  necessary,  also, 
to  lie  acquainted  with  the  evidences  of  virginity; 
and  to  determine, — if  signs  of  virginity  no  longer 
exist,  —  whether  its  loss  be  attributable  to  copu- 
lation, or  to  the  introduction  into  the  vagina  of 
any  other  body  than  the  male  organ,  &C.  /.'•-•  / 
ring  can.  of  course,  lie  much  more  readily 
distinguished  than  that  which  has  taken  place 
some  time. 

STUTTERING,  P.albuties. 

STYAN,  Hordeolum. 

STYE,  Hordeolum. 

STYGMATES.  M.  J.  Cloquet  has  proposed 
rd,  or  Stigmatee,  from  anynn,  'a  mark,' 
to  designate  the  marks,  in  form  of  cicatrices, 
which  remain  on  the  peritoneum  after  the  oblite- 
ration of  the  neck  of  a  hernial  sac.  They  are, 
commonly,  radiated  folds,  of  a  whitish  appear- 
ance, more  or  bss  thick,  and  of  a  fibrous  or  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature. 
STYLET.  Specillum. 

STVIJ.  Stvloid  processes. 
STYLIFORM,  Styloid. 

STYLO,  in  composition,  relating  or  belonging 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone. 

BTYLO-CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideua  —  a. 
Cerato-hyoideus,  Stylo-hyoideus. 

STYLO  -  CHONDRO  -  HYOlDEUS.  A  name 
given,  by  Douglas  and  Albinus,  to  a  fleshy  fasci- 
culus which    the   Btylo-hyoid  muscle  son 

presents,    and    which     is    attached    to    the 

oornu  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  is  the  same  fascicu- 
lus which    Santorini   calls    Stylo-hyoVdet  novhsj 

Stylo    In/nii/i  lit   nil'  r. 

STYLO  GLOSSUS.  A  musele  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  nar- 
row behind,  muoh  broader  before;  is  attached 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone,  md 
to  the  stylo-maxillary  ligament;  and  is  inserted 

into  the  Bide  of  the  tongue.  It  r:ii<es  the  ba.-e  of 
tiie  tongue  and  carries  it  backwards. 


STYLO-HYOIDEUS 


STYLO-HYOIDEUS,  Stylo-cer' ato-hyoidem, 
Styh-ceratdi' 'des,  Stylo-hyoides  major,  (P.J  Stylo- 
hyotdien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  superior,  ante- 
rior, and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  thin  and 
narrow,  —  especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it 
opens  to  give  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  digas- 
tricus.  It  is  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of 
the  temporal  bone,  and  to  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides.  It  raises  the  os  hyoides,  and  carries  it 
backwards. 

Stylo-hyoid  Ligament  is  a  fibrous,  flattened 
cord,  which  passes  from  the  styloid  process  to  the 
lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides. 

Stylo-hyoid  Nerve  is  the  second  branch 
given  off  by  the  facial  nerve. 

STYLOID,  Sty'li/orm,  Styloi'des,  GraphioV- 
de8,  G  rap  hoi' des,  Graphio'des,  Grajihido'i'des, 
Belono'des,  from  <rrv\os,  '  a  style/  'a  peg,'  'a  pin,' 
and  cihoi,  'shape.'     Shaped  like  a  peg  or  pin. 

Styloid  Cornua,  see  Hyoides  os. 

Styloid  Progresses,  Pencil-like  Processes, 
Processus  Behiides  seu  Belemno'ides  seu  BelonoV- 
des  seu  Graphio'ides  seu  Grapho'i'des,  Stijli,  are, 
1.  A  long  and  slender  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  to  which  are  attached  the  styio-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  stylo-hyoideus  muscles, 
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga- 
ments. 2.  Two  slender  and  pyramidal  processes 
at  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  radius  and  ulna. 

STYLO-MASTOID,  Stylo-masto'ideus.  That 
which  relates  to  the  styloid  and  mastoid  pro- 
cesses. 

Stylo-mastoid  Artery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior auricular,  and,  in  some  subjects,  from  the 
occipital.  It  enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen  ; 
passes  along  the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and 
spreads  its  ramifications  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  tympanum,  and  in  the  mastoid  cells, 
and  semi-circular  canals  ;  and  terminates  by  anas- 
tomosing with  a  branch  of  the  Arteria  meningcBa 
media,  which  enters  by  the  Hiatus  Fallopii. 
Murray  has  given  the  name— Stylo-mastoid  —  to 
the  posterior  auricular  artery  itself. 

STYLO-MASTOID  Fora'men,  Foramen  Stylo-mas- 
toideum  seu  Aquceduc'tus  Fallo'pii,  (F.)  Trou 
anonyme,  is  situate  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
the  styloid  and  mastoid  processes.  It  terminates 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  facial  nerve. 

STYLO- MAX'I LL ARY,  Stylo-maxilla' ris. 
That  which  relates  to  the  styloid  processes  and 
jaw. 

The  Stylo-Maxillary  Ligament  is  a  liga- 
mentous, flat  cord,  extending  between  the  styloid 
process  and  the  ansde  of  the  jaw. 

STYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  (F.)  Stylo  -thyro- 
pharyngien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  slender;  thin 
above ;  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone,  and  terminates  in  the  parietes  of 
the  pharynx,  as  well  as  at  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the  pharynx 
and  carries  it  backwards.  Professor  Chaussier 
has  united,  under  the  name  Stylo-pharyngien, 
the  three  constrictor  muscles  of  the  pharynx,  the 
stylo-pharyno-eus.  and  palato-pharyngeus. 

STYLOPH'ORUM  DIPHYL'LUM,  Meconop'- 
8>'s  diphyl'la,  Chelido'ninm  diphyl'lnm,  Cel'andine 
or  Horn  Poppy,  Bruise,  root.  An  indigenous 
plant,  of  the  family  Papaveraceae,  growing  from 
western  Pennsylvania  to  Wisconsin,  which  flowers 
from  May  to  August.  The  juice  is  fetid  and  nar- 
cotic. Infused  in  wine,  it  has  been  given  in, 
ternally  in  gravel :  and  has  been  applied  exter- 
nally to  contusions,  .fee 

STYLO  -THYRO-  PHAR  YNGIEN,  Stylo  - 
pharvngeus. 

STYLUS,  Sound. 


76  SUB-ATLOIDEUS 

Specil'lum    ex  cava' turn. 


Stylus    Excava'tus, 
A  hollow  sound. 

STYMA,  Erection,  Priapismus. 
STYMATOSIS,  Stimatosis. 

STYM'MATA,  from  aTy/ipa,  arvfijJiaTOs,  'that 
which  constricts  or  thickens.'  The  most  solid 
ointments.  Also,  the  ingredients  proper  for  in- 
creasing their  consistence. 

STYPSIS,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

STYPTERIA,  Alumen,  Styptics. 

STYPTIC,  see  Styptics. 

Styptic,  Binelli's,  Aqua  Binellii — s.    I 
chieri's,  Aqua  Brocchierii. 

Styptic,  Eaton's.  A  name  first  given  to  ILlve- 
tius's  Styptic,  when  introduced  into  Great  Britain 
It  is  now  usually  made  of  calcined  ijreen  vitriol, 
3J  :  proof  spirit,  tinged  with  a  little  oak  bark,  Oij. 

Styptic,  Helvetius's,  see  Ferrum  tartariza- 
tum,  and  Styptic,  Eaton's. 

Styptic,  Pagliari's,  Haemostatic,  Pagliari's. 

Styptic,  Ruspini's,  Liquor  Stypt'icus  Ruspini. 
A  nostrum,  said  to  consist  of  gallic  acid,  a  small 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  opium,  dissolved 
in  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and  rose-water,  which  has 
had  much  reputation  as  an  internal  and  external 
astringent. 

Styptics,  Contrahen'tia,  Const ricti'va  Jfedi- 
camen'ta,  Constringen'tia,  Anastal'tica,  Catastal' 
tica,  Stypte'ria,  (F.)  Styptiqnes,  from  arv-w,  ' 
constringe.'  Sometimes  used  synonymously  wit 
astringent,  but  generally  applied  to  a  substance 
employed  to  arrest  hemorrhage,  —  Ena'mon.  A 
mechanical  styptic  is  one  that  arrests  the  flow  of 
blood,  by  being  applied  immediately  to  the  mouth 
of  the  bleeding  vessel,  or  by  inducing  a  coagu- 
lum,  mechanically,  in  it.  A  chymical  styptic  is 
one  which  coagulates,  chymical/y,  the  blood 
around  a  bleeding  orifice. 

STYRAC'INUM  O'LEUM.  Oil  obtained  by 
boiling  storax  in  good  olive  oil 

STYRAX,  aTvpa^.  A  resin  obtained  from  Sto- 
rax officinalis  and  S.  calami'ta.  It  is  the  solid 
storax; — officinal  storax.  There  are  two  kinds 
of  storax  met  with:  1.  Red  Storax,  Gum  Storax 
Thus  JudcBo'rum,  Sty  rax  rubra,  Sty'racis  bal'- 
samum,  Balsa  mum  styracis  officinalis,  which  is 
obtained  by  incision  from  the  Styrax  officinalis, 
and  perhaps  from  the  Liquidam'bar  Orienta'lis. 
The  purest  is  in  tears:  but  it  has  lost  some  of  its 
smell  in  drying.  2.  Common  Storax,  Styrax  ca- 
lami'ta. That  which  has  been  received'in  reeds 
or  vessels,  and  has  had  saw-dust  added  immedi 
ately  to  thicken  it.  The  odour  of  storax  is  fra 
grant;  the  taste  aromatic.  It  is  considered,  like 
the  other  balsams,  to  be  stimulant  and  expecto 
rant,  but  is  rarely  used  long. 

Pu'rified  Storax,  S.  cola'ta  seu  purifca'ta, 
S.  prGBpara'ta,  Extractum  sty'racis,  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  storax  in  alcohol;  straining  the  so 
lution  ;  then  distilling  off  the  alcohol  with  a  gen 
tie  heat,  until  the  storax  acquires  the  proper  con 
sistence.  —  Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xxx. 

Styrax  Alba,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  s. 
Benzoin,  see  Benjamin  — s.  Calamita,  see  Styrax 
— s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar  styraciflua  —  s.  Offici- 
nalis, see  Styrax. 

STYSIS,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

SUAVEOLENS,  Beneolens. 

SUB.  A  common  Latin  prefix,  often  signifying 
'beneath,'  or  'a  lower  degree.' 

SUBACIDUS,  Acidulous. 

SUB  ACTIO,  Chiro'sis,  Cheiro' sis,  from  subigo, 
subactum,  (sub,  and  ago),  '  to  subject,  to  prepare.' 
The  operation  of  making  plasters,  extracts,  &c, 
with  the  hand,  or  with  the  pestle  and  mortar. 
SUBAFFECTIO,  Hvdropathia. 
SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribade. 
SUB-ATLOIDEUS,  lnfra-atloideus,  (F.)  Sous* 
atloidien.     That   which   is   situate    beneath    the 


SUB-AXOIDEUS 


877 


SUBLINGUAL 


atlas  or  first  cervical  vertebra.     Chaussier   baa 
.is   name   to   the  second   pair  of   cervical 

AXOIDEUS,  Hdeue,  (F. 

i.     That  which  is  below  the  axia  or  ver- 
ntata.     Chaussier  bas  given  this  nuuie  to 
rd  pair  of  cervical  nen 
-      IAZOTAS  BISMUTICUS,   Bismuth,  sub- 

BUBBORAS   NATRICUM,  Borax. 

yRTILAGINEUM,  Hypochondre. 

LA'VJ  VN,  Subcla'vins,  Si.bcluvicula'rie, 

b,  and  cluvis,  '  the  clavicle.'     That  which 

:    r  the  clavicle. 

;  ivian   Akteries,  (F.)   Art?  res  soue-ela- 

are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  chest, 

and   the   lateral   and    lower    parts    of   the    neck. 

_  bt  arises  at  the  corresponding  side  of  the 

.  and  comes  off  from  the  arteria  innomi- 

I  braehio-cepbalic  trunk.     The  left  leaves 

ta   at   the   end  of  the  arch.     Both   extend 

-  the  superior  surface   of  the   first   rib,  in 

:  ice   between  the  scaleni  muscles,  beyond 

which    they    take    the     name    miliary    arteries. 

The    BubolaviaD    arteries   run.   fur  some   distance, 

.  rig  off  any  branch.     In    the  neigh- 

<  1  of  the  first  rib,  however,  they  gi 

1.  I       ara\s,  the  vertebral  and  inferior  thy roideaL 

L'.    /'  wnwardt,  the   internal  mammary  and  supe- 

■  il.     3.  Outwards,  the  transverse  cer- 

fieal  or  postt  ri<>r  scapular,  the  superior  scapular, 

and  the  postt  rior  cervical  or  profunda. 

:  ivian  or  Si'BCL.wirs  MUSCLB,  Subcla- 
..  F.J  Costo-claviculaire  (Ch.),  Sous-cla- 
•  situate  at  the  Buperior  and  anterior  part 
of  the  chest.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  extre- 
mity, to  the  superior  surface  of  the  cartilage  of 
the  first  rib;  and  by  its  superior  margin  and 
outer  extremity  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
clavicle.  This  muscle  depresses  the  clavicle,  and 
carrier  it  forward.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  can  raise  the  first  rib. 

:  ivian  Vetw8,     F.     Veints  sous-clavie'ree, 
are  continuations  of  the  axillary,  ami  extend  from 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the   scalenus  antieus,  in 
front  of  which    they  pass,  to  the  vena  cava  supe- 
rior, which  they  form  by  their  union.      The  right 
subclavian   vein   is   very   short  :    the    left,   longer 
and  broader.    These  veins  receive  the  mouths  of 
the  internal  and  external  jugulars,  vertebral  and 
superior  intercostal.    The  left  subclavian  receives 
ins  more  than  the  right.— the  left  internal 
mammary  and   left  inferior  thyroid.      The  thora- 
cic duct  opens  into  the  left  subclavian  : — the  cor- 
ling  irreat  lymphatic  vessel  into  the  right. 
SUB<  LAVIC'ULA,  from   sub,  and  clavicula, 
•the  clavicle.'     The  first  rib. 

CL  kVICULARIS,  Subclavian. 
SUBCLAVIUS,  Subclavian  muscle. 
BUBCRUEN'TXJ8,  'somewhat  bloody*  from 
sub.  and  eruentus,  'bloody;'  Hyphcs'mos.  That 
which  bas  the  colour  and  nature  of  blood.  An 
epithet  given  to  en-tain  excreted  substances,  which 
are  mixed  with  Mood,  or  have  the  appearance  of 
blood. 

!:u:.i:r.  Bee  Cruraus. 

Bl  BCl    I  A'NEOUS,  subeuta'neus,  from  #»6,and 

ettfit,  •  the  skin  :'  Intercuta'm  us.  (  V.)  Sous-eutanS. 

That  which  is  placed  immediately  under  the  skin. 

■  Sk  noH,  ll\  podermatomy. 

StJBcoTAHEoa    Colli,   Superficial    colli  —  a. 

Men  ii-  .  Orbitar  i 
SUBDELIRIUM,  Typhomania, 
SUB'DITA,   Subditit"ia,   from  subdert,  (sub, 
and  dare,) ' to  put  under;'  Pros'theta.    Medicines 
introdu  ted  into  some  one  of  the  natural  aper- 
tures;—  as  suppositories,  pessaries,  to. 
Dl  ri  i  I  \.  Subdita. 

BUBDUCTIO,  Dejection. 


ri.-— the  bark  ol  I 
or  Cur/:    Tret$  (F.)  Liige.     Family,  A  men  I 

ia   Polyandria.     Cork,   when 

burnt,    is    applied     as    a    mechanical     styptic    to 

bleeding  piles,  Ac.  Surgeons  use  it  for  making 
tents;  and  it  has  heen  recommended  to  be  worn 
as  an  amulet  to  suppress  the  secretion  of  milk  ! 

SI  BETH,  Coma. 

SUBFRONTA'LIS  SUTU'RA,  from  tub,  and 
from*, front**,  'the  forehead.'  A  suture  resultiug 
from  the  articulation  of  the  us  frontis  with  the 
nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  and 
the  proper  bones  of  the  i 

SI  BOHONDA  Tiny,  Deprei 

SI  BH1  MKRATIO,  Catomismoe. 

SUBIGITATRIX,  Tribas, 

SUBINFLAMMATIO,    Bubinflammation  — s, 

Hepatis,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

.-  D  i:  1  N  1'  1.  A  M  M  A'TION,  Subinfiamma'tio, 
from  tub,  and  inflammatio.  Inflammatiuu'cttla, 
Hypophlegma'sia.  A  mild  degree  of  inflamma- 
tion, BO  Blight  a-  hardly  to  deserve  the  name  i'b- 
fammation.  Broussais  understood  by  the  term, 
an  augmentation  in  the  vital  phenomena  of  the 
-  that  Convey  while  blood.  There  are,  how- 
ever, no  such  vessels.  Lymphatic  engorgements, 
scrofula,  herpes,  and  cancer  he  considered  suuin- 
flammations. 

BUBINTRAN'TES  FEBRES,  from  eub,  and 
intrare,  'to  enter.'  Oommuniean'tesfebres.  Fevers 
primarily  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  approxi- 
mate, so  that  one  paroxysm  begins  before  that 
which  preceded  it  has  gone  through  its  stages. — 
L.  Bellini. 

SIB.TKCTIVE  SENSATIONS,  see  Sensation. 

SUBJEE,  Bangue. 

SUBLIGACULUM,  Truss. 

SUBLIGATURA,  Truss. 

SUBLIMAMENTUM,  Enaeorema. 

SUBLIMATE,  CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMA'TION,  Sublima'tio,  Meteoris'mus, 
Hypso'sis,  from  sublimit,  'exalted.'  An  operation 
by  which  dry  and  solid  matters  are  volatilized 
and  condensed  at,  the  upper  part  of  a  BUbliming 
apparatus.  Calomel,  sal  ammoniac,  Ac,  are  com- 
monly obtained  1>\  sublimation.  The  pri  dud  of 
sublimation  is  a  Sub'limate  Sublima'tum,  (F.) 
Sublime". 

SUBLIMATUM  CORROSIYUM,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SCI; I. IKK.  Sublimis. 

SUBLIME,  Eneeorema,  Sublimate  — ».  Corro^ 
tif,  Bydrargyri  oxymurias. 

"SUBLFMIS,  (F.J  Sublime,  'high,  elevated, 
superficial.'     Anatomists    have   given    the  name 

Sublimis  to  certain  mu.-eles,  which  are  situate 
more  superficially  than  their  kindred  muscles. 
These  last  they  have  called  profundi.  Of  the  for- 
mer, the  flexor  eublimis  digitorum  is  an  example. 
French  use  the  term  respiration  sublime 
for  the  respiration  which  is  accompanied  by  con- 
siderable elevation  of  the  ribs,  and  with  separa- 
tion of  the  alee  nasi  at  the  time  of  inspiration. 

SUBLINGDA,  Uvula. 

SUBLIN'GUAL,  Sublingualis,  (F.)  Sovelin- 
gual,  from  *ul>,  and  lingua,  'the  tongue.'  That 
which  is  Beatt  d  under  the  tongue. 

Sublingual  Artery,  with  some,  Is  the  i.;„. 
guaJ.  With  others.it  is  a  branch  given  off  by 
the  lingual  opposite  the  genio-glossus  muscle, 
which  is  distributed  particularly  to  the  sublingual 
glan  1.  to  the  mylo-byoid,  and  genio-glossui 
cles,  a  e. 

SuBLlirovAL  Qlaztd,  Olan'dula  tmblingna'lie 
sen  Bartholinia'na  seu  Rivinia'na,  i-  seated  in 
the  substance  of  the  inferior  paries  of  the  mouth, 


SUBLINGUIUM 


SUBSCAPULAR 


beneath  the  anterior  part  of  the  tongue.  It  is 
smaller  than  the  submaxillary,  of  which  it  fre- 
quently seems  to  be  only  a  prolongation.  It  is 
oblong,  flattened,  amygdaloid,  and  is  covered  by 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  beneath 
which  it  projects.  This  gland  has  10  or  12  ex- 
cretory ducts  —  Ductus  Rivinia'ni  seu  Walthe- 
ria'ni — some  of  which  open  beneath  the  frsenum 
lingua;-,  joining  Wharton's  duct,  whilst  others 
pierce  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  sepa- 
rately. It  has  the  same  structure  as  the  parotid. 
SUBLINGUIUM,  Uvula, 
SUBLINGUUM,  Epiglottis. 
XUBLOB'UIjAII,  Sublobula'ris;  from  sub,  and 
lobu*,  'a  lobe,'  lobulus,  'a  little  lobe.'  That  which 
is  placed  under  a  lobe. 

SuBLOBULAit  Veins  of  the  Liver.     The  veins 
in  which  the  intra-lobular  veins  terminate.     By 
their  union,  the  sublobular  veins  form  the  hepatic- 
veins.  f 
SUBLUXATIO,  Sprain. 

SUBMAM'MARY,  Submamma'rius,  (F.)  Sous- 
mammaire,  from  sub,  and  mamma,  'the  breast.' 
Under  the  mamma  or  breast; — hence,  'submam- 
mary inflammation,'  inflammation  of  the  areolar 
tissue  beneath  the  mamma. 

SUBMAXILLARY,  Submaxilla'ris,  Infra- 
maxilla' ris,  (F. )  Sous-maxillaire,  from  sub,  and 
maxilla,  '  the  jaw.'  That  which  is  seated  beneath 
the  jaw. 

Submaxillary  Ganglion  is  a  small  nervous 
ganglion,  situate  opposite  the  gland.  It  seems 
to  be  formed  by  the  superior  branch  of  the  Vidian 
nerve,  and  communicates  with  the  lingual  nerve 
of  the  inferior  maxillary.  Its  filaments  form  a 
plexus  which  penetrates  the  submaxillary  gland. 
Submaxillary  Gland,  Max'illary  Gland,  Hy- 
pognath'aden,  Hyposial'aden,  is  a  salivary  gland, 
less  than  the  parotid,  seated  at  the  inner  side  of 
the  ramus  and  body  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
bone,  in  the  triangular  space  between  the  two 
bellies  of  the  digastricus.  Irregularly  ovoid, 
and  flattened  on  three  surfaces,  it  has  the  same 
aspect  and  organization  as  the  other  salivary 
glands.  Its  excretory  duct  is  called  Wharton's 
Duct,  and  terminates  at  the  side  of  the  frsenum 
linguae,  by  a  very  small  orifice.  It  is  also  called 
Ductus  inferior. 

SUBMENTAL,  Submenta'lis,  (F.)  Sousmental, 
from  sub,  and  mentum,  'the  chin.'  Situate  under 
the  chin. 

Submental  Artery  is  furnished  by  the  facial, 
near  the  base  of  the  jaw.  It  passes  forwards 
along  the  attachment  of  the  mylo-hyoideus,  to 
which  it  furnishes  branches  that  cross  it  to  anas- 
tomose with  those  of  the  sublingual.  Near  the 
median  line  it  bifurcates,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
chin  and  muscles  of  the  infra-hyoid  region. 

Submental    Vein,    which     accompanies     the 
artery,  opens  into  the  labial. 
<.     SUBMERSION,    Submer'sio,    from    sub,   and 
mergere,  mersum,  '  to  plunge.'     The  act  of  plung- 
ing, or  being  entirely  plunged,  in  a  liquid. 

Asphyxia  by  submersion,  A.  Immerso'rum, 
Drowning,  is  not  owing  to  a  certain  quantity  of 
liquid  being  introduced  into  the  alimentary  or 
air-passages;  but  simply  to  the  interception  of 
air,  and  of  the  respiratory  phenomena.  It  is  a 
case  of  suffocation,  the  signs  of  which,  on  dis- 
section, are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial 
evidence. 

SUBMISSIO,  Remission  — s.  Cordis,  Bystole. 
SUBMU'COUS,   Submuco'sns;    from  sub,  and 
mucus.     Under   a   mucous   membrane, — as    the 
'submucous  areolar  tissue.' 

SUBMURIAS  AMMONIA CO-HYDRARGY- 
RICUS,  Hydrargyrum  prsecipitatum. 

SUBMUS'CULAR,  Submuscula'ris;  from  sub, 


and  musculus,  'a  muscle.'     Seated  beneath  mus- 
cles or  a  muscular  layer. 

SUBOCCIPITAL"  Svboccipita'lis;  from  sub, 
and  occiput.  That  which  is  situated  under  the 
occiput. 

Sl'BOCOip'lTAli  Nerve,  Occipital  nerve. 
SUBOR'BITAR,  Suborbito'rius,  /ufra-or'bitar, 
Infra-orotta'lis,  Infra-orb ita'ri us,  (F.)  Sous-orbi- 
taire,    from    sub,  and    orbita,   '  the  orbit.'     That 
which  is  seated  beneath  the  orbitar  cavity. 

SuBORBITAR  Al!TERY,  Infra-orbitar  A.,  pro- 
ceeds from  the  internal  maxillary,  from  which  it 
separates  near  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of 
the  zygomatic  fossa.  It  enters  the  infra-orbitar 
canal,  and  passes  through  it,  giving  branches  to 
the  anterior  and  superior  denial  canal  ;  issues  bj 
the  foramen  infra-orbitarium  ;  and  divides,  in  the 
fossa  canina,  into  a  number  of  branches,  which 
lose  themselves  in  the  neighbouring  parts.  The 
infra-orbitar  vein  follows  the  same  cour.-e. 

Sl'BORBITAR  Canal,  Infra-orbitar  Canal,  (F.) 
Caual  ou  Conduit  sous-orbitaire,  is  a  small  canal, 
which  runs  obliquely  through  the  substance  of 
the  inferior  paries  of  the  orbit.  It  begins,  behind, 
by  a  simple  gutter,  and  divides,  anteriorly,  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  descends  into  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  whilst  the 
other  passes  out,  in  the  canine  fossa,  by  an  ori- 
fice, called  Foramen-iufra-orbitarium,  (F.)  Tron 
sous-orbitaire.  The  iufra-orbitar  artery  and  nerve 
pass  along  it. 

Sl'BOKbitar  Fissure,  Infra-orbitar  Fissure, 
Fissn'ra  infra-orbita'lis,  Rima  cana'lis  orbita'rii. 
A  fissure  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone;  the 
superior  commencement  of  the  suborbitar  canal. 
Subokbitar  Fossa,  Canine  fossa. 
Suborbitar  Nerves,  Infra-orbitar  Nervd§ 
seem  to  terminate  the  superior  maxillary.  They 
issue  from  the  infra-orbitar  canal  by  the  foramelai 
of  the  same  name,  and  spread  out  in  a  radiated 
manner  in  the  fossa  canina,  to  divide  into  superior 
or  palpebral  filaments,  inferior  or  labial,  internal 
or  nasal,  and  external  or  buccal. 

SUBPERITONEAL,  Subperitonea'lis ;  from 
sub.  and  peritoneum.  That  which  lies  under  the 
peritoneum. 

Subperitoneal  Aponeurosis,  Fascia,  subpe- 
ritoneal—  s.  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 
SUBPLACENTA,  Decidua  membrana. 
SUBPOPLIT^CS,  Poplitams  muscle. 
SUBPUBIC   ARCH,  Arcus   subpu'bicus,  from 
sub,   and  pubis.     A  strong  arch   of  the  superior 
pelvic  aponeurosis,  which  completes  the  posterior 
orifice  of  the  obturator  or  subpubic  canal. 
Subpubic  Membrane,  Obturator  membrane. 
SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,    Abductor    brevis 
—  s.  Prostaticus,  Compressor  prostatae. 
SUBPURATIO,  Suppuration. 
SUBPUTRIS,  Hvposaprus. 

SUBSCAPULAR,  Subscapula'ris,  (F.)  Sous- 
scapula  ire,  Sous-scap}do-trochinien,  from  sub,  and 
scapula,  'the  shoulder-blade.'  That  which  is  be- 
neath the  scapula. 

Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  Snbscapida'ris. 
A  considerable  excavation  at  the  anterior  surface 
or  venter  of  the  scapula,  in  which  the  subscapu- 
laris  is  seated. 

Subscapular  Muscle,  Subscapula'ris  3fusc7e, 
Immer'sus,  Infra-scapttla'ris,  (F.)  Sous-scaj>u/o~ 
trochinien  (Ch\),  Porte-feuille,  3/nscle-sons-scapu- 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  above-mentioned 
fossa.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  triangular;  is  at- 
tached, by  its  base,  to  the  subscapulary  fossa  and 
to  the  anterior  lip  of  the  edge  of  the  spine  of  the 
scapula,  and  is  inserted  into  the  lesser  tuberosity 
of  the  humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  in  rotation 
inwards.  It  can  also  depress  it,  and  bring  it 
towards  the  body. 

Subscapular   Nerves   are   two  in   number. 


SUBSEROUS 


8  79 


i  ash 


One  arises  from  the  brachial  plexus   above  the 
:  the  other  from  the  posterior  as] 
xus    within    the   axilla.      They    are   difl- 
scapularis  muscle. 
BUBSE'ROUS,    Subsero'susj     from    tub,    and 
Under  r  serous  membrane,— as  the  'nub- 
tireolur  tissue.' 
BUBSIDEN  II  A,  Sediment 
SI  US  TA  Si  •/:   EMAIL  I.  l£B  DES  VEN  TS, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  s.  Horny,  see  Tooth. 

-  rANCE,  HYALINE,  Cytoblastema— a. 

ma  —  s.  VitrSe  des  I><  nts, 

Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

Si'Bstaxcr,  White,  op    Schwank.     A  hollow 

.  i  within  the  tubular  nervous  fibre,  which 

:.  composition  and  refracting  power  from 

the  matter  that  occupies  the  centre  of  the  tube. 

SUBSTANTIA  ADAMANTINA  DENTIUM, 

••1. 

stan'tia    Fbrrugin'ba,    Locum    rtnVrews. 

An  ash  coloured  Bubstanoe,  produced  by  the  ex- 

of  well  marked  pigmentary  matter  in  the 

ti-.< >r  of  the  fourth  ventricle  or  rhomboid fossa . 

Substantia  Pilambntosa  1m  mum.  Enamel  — 

8.  Crisea  Centralis,  see  Medulla  spinalis — s.  Uy- 
nlina,  Cytoblastema —  b.  Nigra  pedunculi,  see 
Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  s.  Ossea  dentium,  Bee 
Tooth  —  s.  Ostoidea,  see  Tooth  —  s.  Perforata  an- 
terior, Locus  perforatus  anticus. 

Substantia  Perfora'ta  Mb'dia.  When  the 
pia  mater  has  been  removed  from  the  space  be- 
tween the  crura  cerebri,  termed  the  intercru'ral 
or  interpedune'ular,  the  Burface  appears  cribri- 
form from  the  perforations  of  the  numerous 
minute  vessels  which  penetrate  it.  This  is  the 
wbstan'tia  perfora'ta  me'dia  of  Vicq  d'Azyr. 

3  :  \vn  \  l'l  ii'oi:  \  r  \  Pos  I  i  BIOB,  see  Tarlni 
.  Pul]  - 1  1 1.  nt i>.  Dental  pulp — b.  Radiata, 
Stellulaa  Verheyenii — s.  Rhomboidea,  Corpus  den- 
t  itum — s.  Spongiosa  Ure three,  Corpus  spongiosum 
urethras  —  b.  Stellata  serpentina,  Stellulaa  Ver- 
i  — s.  Vitrea  dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth 
-  -.  Vitrea,  Cytoblastema  —  s.  Vitrea  dentium, 
Enamel. 

BUB'STANTITB,    Snbstanti'vns  ;    from    »ub- 
-/</,,  and  stare,  |  '  to  stand  under  or  subsist.' 
An  epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Paris  to  aliments  v.  hiili 
are   nutritious,  in  contradistinction    to  adjective 
aliments,  which  are  themselves   not   po8S< 
nutritive  virtues,  hut   impart   to  the  digestive  or- 
rxeater  energy,  bo  as  to  enable  them  to  ex- 
tract   more  nutriment  from  the  Bubstantive  ali- 
Meat,    for    example,    is    a    substantive 
aliment:   the  condiment,  as   mustard,  eaten   with 
it.  an  adjective  aliment. 

BSTILLUM,  Stillicidium. 
BUBSULTrO,  Palpitation. 
BUBSUL'TUS    TEN'DINUM,    Saltns  ten'di- 
vni, i.    Clonus  subsultus,    Sttbsultus,    Carpholog"ia 
I'ica,  Ifyopal'mus,  Twitching  of  th>-    Ten- 
^oubresant,   from   snbsilio,   subs ul turn, 
[mnb  and  salio,)  'to  make  short  leaps.'     Twitoh- 
mmunicated   to  the  tendons  by  the  invo- 
luntary ami    instantaneous   contraction   of   the 
muscular  fibres,     it  is  more  observable  at  the 
ban  elsewhere;  and  is  an  evidence  of  great 
i\  irritability,  and  debility,  when  it  occurs 
a:  an  advanced  period  id'  fever. 

Tin-  muscular  agitations  or  twitchings  ohserved 

in  febrile  diseases,   especially  of  children,   have 

rmed  Gonvulsibil'itas,  ScL  rotyr'bif  bri'lis, 

and  frritabiUita*  morbo'sa. 

SUBSURDITAS,  Deafness. 

BUBU'BERES,   from    sub,   and    ultra,    'the 

Infan'tes    tugen'tes,    Sucking   children. 

Infants   at    the    breast,    in    contradistinction    to 

r)ya\aKTOi,  or  those  whiofa  ha\ 
W caned. 


BUBUN'GUIAL,  Subungual,  Subun'guical, 
(F. )  Soue-ungiale,  from  xnb,  and  unguis,  "a  nail.' 
Belonging  to  parts  under  the  nail:  —  as  •mOnm- 
guial  exostosis,  (V.  -  tus-ungfule,  an  ex- 

ostosis under  the  nail  of  the  greal  toe  especially. 

SUBVERSIO  BTOMACHI,  Vomituriuon. 

BUBVERTEBRA,  Baerum. 

BUBVERTEBRUM,  Sacrum. 

Bl    BVOLA,  llypothcnar. 

SI  C,  Succns  — s.  de  Citron,  see  citrus  medira 
— v.  Oastrique,  Gastric  juice   -t.  <>>   him,.  Kino— 
s.  Mfdullaire,  .Marrow  —  *.  iln   Li,,, 
medica — *.  Nourrieier,  Liquor  sangninis — ».  Pa  ■■ 
ertatique,  see  Pan< 

SUCCA'GO,  from  succus,  'juice.'  The  inspis- 
sated juice  of  plants  :  robs,  jellies, 

SUCC£dAN£,  Suceedaneum. 

SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Suceida'neum,  Suhstitu'- 
turn,  Antibaltom'enum,  Surroga'tum,  Antembnl- 
lawu'enum,  Quid  jjro  quo,  from  sutcedere,  [sub, 
and  cedere,)  '  to  go  under,  to  come  in  place  of 
another.'  (F.)  Suecfdanf.  An  epithet  for  medi- 
cines that  may  be  substituted  tor  others  p 
in>;  similar  properties.  Also,  used,  in  dentistry, 
for  an  amalgam  for  filling  teeth. 

BUCI  EN]  URIA'TUS,     from     tuecenh 
{nub,  and  centuria,)  'to  supply  a  soldier  to  (ill  a 
vacancy  ;'  and  hence,  'to  substitute  or  put  in    the 
room  of.'   That  whioh  is  a  substitute  for  another; 
as  Renes  tuccenturiati,  Yentriculus  succentuna- 

In*.    .{  c. 

BDCCHAR,  Baccharnm. 

LDANEUM,  Suceedaneum. 

SUCCIN,  Suceinnm. 

SUCCINCTURA,  Diaphragm. 

BUCCINCTUS,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINI    RESINA,  Musk,  artificial. 

SUCCIN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Sac'cini,  A.Sue- 
oin'icum,  Acor  Snccin'eus,  Sol  Succivi,  Sal  vo- 
latile Succini,  has  been  considered  antispasmodic 
and  diaphoretic,  in  the  dose  of  from  five  to  twenty 
-rains. 

SUC'CINUM,  Elec'trum,  Ambra,  Ambram,  Am- 
par,  Bereni'ci,  Amber,  Yellow  Amber,  (F.)  Snccin, 
Ambre  javne,  from  succus,  'juice,'  because  at  one 
time  supposed  to  exude  from  a  tree.  This  kind 
of  fossil  resin,  which  is  found  on  the  shores  of  the 
Baltic,  is  composed  of  a  resinous  matter,  of  essen- 
tia] oil,  and  ati  acid  eui  generis.  It  is  inodorous, 
except  when  heated  or  rubbed :  insipid;  in  frag- 
ments of  a  pale  golden-yellow  colour,  transpa- 
rent, and  has  a  shining  lustre.  S.  g,  1*08;  inso- 
luble in  water,  and  slightly  acted  on  by  alcohol. 
It  is  used  for  affording  its  essential  oil  —  the 
O'lenm  sen  Bal'samum  Suc'cini,  (F.)  Huile  de 
Succin.  This  oil  possesses  stimulant,  antispas- 
modic, diuretic,  and  rubefacient  properties. 

The  O'leum  Siic'riiii  recti fica' turn,  Rectified  OH 
of  Amber,  is  made  as  follows: — Oil  of  Amber,  Oj; 
water,  Ovj.  Mix  in  a  glass  retort,  and  distil  until 
Oiv  of  the  water  have  passed  with  the  oil  into  the 
receiver:  separate  the  oil  from  the  water,  and 
keep  it  in  well-stopped  bottles. — (Ph.   C.  S.I 

The  White  amber,  Leucelec'trum,  (F.)  Ambre 
1,1 a  in-,  is  a  variety. 

Si  CCIMVM  «  iM.iiii  \t,  Ambergris  —  s.  Griseum, 
Ambergris. 

8UCC10N,  Bucking. 

BUCCISA,  Scabiosa  succisa  —  s.  Pratensis,  S. 
Buccisa. 

BUCCOCOLLATA,  Chocolate. 

BUCCOLATA.  Chocolate. 

SUCCORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus,  Ohi- 
ronis  angularis. 

SUCCOTASH,  Snck'attuh.  A  term  of  r.idian 
derivation.  A  favorite  di.-h  in  New  England, 
formed  of  green  Indian  corn  and  beans  boiled 
to-ether. 


SUCCUBUS 


830 


SUCCUBUS,  from  sub,  and  cubare,  'to  lie.' 
Some  authors  have  used  this  word  synonymously 
•with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it  a  female 
phantom,  with  which  a  man  in  his  sleep  may  be- 
lieve he  has  intercourse;  —  as  Incubus  has  been 
applied  to  the  male  phantom,  with  which  a  female 
may  dream  she  is  similarly  situate. 

SUCCUS,  Chylus,  Opos,  Opis'ma,  Chylis'ma, 
Ecchylo'ma,  Apothlim'ma,  Juice,  (F.)  Sue,  from 
sngere,  suctum,  '  to  suck.'  The  fluid  obtained  by 
pressing  plants,  flesh,  &e.;  Succus  expres'sus, 
Opoli  (officinal),  Opolide  (magistral),  according 
to  Chereau.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  certain  animal 
fluids,  as  S.  Gastrictu,  &c. 

Succus  Acacle  Germanics  Inspissatus,  sec 
Primus  spinosa— s.  Acaciae  nostratis,  see  Prunus 
spinosa  —  s.  Arborum,  Sap  —  s.  Cicutas  spissatus, 
Extraction  conii  —  s.  Cyrenaicus,  Laserpitium. 

Succus  Entek'icus.  S.  Infest  ina' lis,  Liquor  in- 
testina'lis  sen  enter' icus,  Intcs'tinal  Juice.  The 
fluid  copiously  secreted  from  the  lining  meni- 
brane  of  the  small  intestines. 

Succus  Expressus,  Apothlimma  —  s.  Gastri- 
cus,  Gastric  juice  —  s.  Glycyrrhizae.  Extractum 
glycyrrhizoe —  s.  Hypocistidis,  see  Cytinus  —  s. 
Intestinalis,  Succus  entericus — s.  Japonicus,  Ca- 
techu—  s.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica  —  s.  Liqui- 
ritise,  Extractum  glycyrrhizoe — s.  Nerveus,  Ner- 
vous fluid  —  s.  Nutritius,  Chyle  —  s.  Orni  concre- 
tus,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  s.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas  —  s.  Spissatus  Aconiti  Napelli,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  —  s.  Spissatus  atropas  belladonnae, 
Extractum  belladonna? —  s.  Spissatus  conii  ma- 
culati,  Extractum  cicutre —  s.  Spissatus  hyoscy- 
ami  nigri,  Extractum  hyoscyami  —  s.  Spissatus 
lactucae  sativa?,  Extractum  lactucae. 

SUCCUS'SION,  Succus'sio,  Hippocrat'ic  Sttc- 
cus'sion,  from  succutio,  succussum,  (sub,  and  qua- 
tio,)  'I  shake  from  beneath.'  A  mode  of  ascer- 
taining the  existence  of  a  fluid  in  the  thorax, 
(fluctuation  by  succussion,)  by  giving  the  body 
one  or  more  slight  shakes. 

Succussion,  Ballottement. 

SUCIIOR,  Saccharum. 

SUCKATASII,  Succotash. 

SUCKING,  Snc'tio,  Snctus,  Athelx'is,  Bdahis, 
Jlyze'sis,  (F.)  Sued  on,  from  suyere,  suction,  '  to 
suck.'  The  act  of  drawing  liquid  into  the  moutb, 
by  forming  a  vacuum  with  the  tongue  acting  as 
a  piston,  during  inspiration. 

Sucking  Bottle.  A  bottle  so  formed,  that, 
when  filled  with  milk,  it  can  be  sucked  from  in- 
stead of  the  breast. 

Sucking  Child,  Lnctens.     A  suckling. 

SUCKLE,  Lecture,  yaXaKTorpotpEiv,  n$v<pvciv, 
(F.)  Allaiter  ou  Alaiter.  Same  etymon.  To 
give  suck.     To  nurse. 

SUCKLING,  Lactation,  Loniccra  periclyme- 
nuin,  Sucking  child. 

SUCRE,  Saccharum  —  s.  Condi,  Saccharum 
candidum  —  s.  du  Foie,  see  Saccharum  —  s.  de 
Lait,  Sugar  of  milk  —  s.  de  Saturne,  Plumbi  su- 
peracetas  —  s.  Ton,  Penidium. 

SUCTIO,  Exsuctio,  Sucking. 

SUCTION  POWER.  The  force  exerted  on 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  by  the  active  dilatation 
of  the  heart.     See  Derivation. 

SUCTO'RIA.  from  su;/ere,  suctum,  'to  suck.' 
Animals  provided  with  mouths  for  sucking.  Also, 
organs  for  sucking  or  adhesion,  —  hence  termed 
suctorial  —  as  'suctorial  oscula.' 

SUCTORIAL,  see  Suctoria. 

SUCTUS,  Sucking. 

SUDAM'INA.  Hydro'ata,  Hidro'ta,  Pap'ulce 
8iidora'les,  Snffersu'ras,  Alha'sef,  Planta  nocfis, 
Boa,  from  sudor,  'sweat.'  Small  vesicles,  which 
appear  upon  the  skin,  especially  in  the  summer 
time,  in  hot  countries,  and  in  diseases  attended 


SUDORIFIC 

It  is  a  miliary  eruption. 


with   much    sweating. 
See  Miliary  fever. 

Sudan  ina,  Desudatio,  Ecltauboulures,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

SUDARIUM.  Achicolum. 

SUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATIUNCULA.  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATORIA,  llidrosis  —  s.  Maligna,  see  Su- 
dor Anglicus. 

SUDATORIUM.  Achicolum. 

SUDATORY,  Achicolum. 

SUDOR,  'td^us,  Hidros,  (F.)  Sueur,  'sweat.' 
The  product  of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when 
visible  on  the  surface  of  the  body.  It  is  colour- 
less;  of  an  odour  more  or  less  strong  and  vari- 
able; and  of  a  saline  taste.  It  is  composed,  ac- 
cording to  Berzelius,  of  water,  lactic  acid,  lactate 
of  soda  united  with  a  little  animal  matter,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  a  little  chloride  of  potassium, 
an  atom  of  earthy  phosphate,  and  some  oxyd  of 
iron. 

Sudor,  Miliary  fever. 

Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'osos,  Hidrop'yra, 
Hidropyr'etos,  Febris  seu  Milia'ria  sudato'ria, 
Sudor  milia'ris,  Morbus  sudatorius,  Ephon'era 
malig'na  seu  sudatoria  seu  Britan'nica  seu  An'- 
(jlica  pes'tilens.  Pest  is  Britannica,  Su  da  to' rim 
malig'na,  Sweating  Sickness,  Sweating  Fever,  (F.) 
j  Suette,  S.  Miliare,  S.  epidemique,  Sueur  Anglaise. 
I  A  very  severe  epidemic  disease,  characterized  by 
profuse  sweating,  which  appeared  in  England  in 
I486  ;  and  recurred,  at  different  times,  until  about 
l  the  middle  of  the  16th  century.  It  was  accom- 
panied with  coldness,  excessive  prostration  of 
strength,  palpitation,  frequency  and  inequality 
of  the  pulse,  <fec,  and  terminated  favourably  or 
unfavourably  in  the  course  of  21  hours.  The 
French  have  given  the  name  Suette  de  Picar- 
DIE,  Suette  des  Picards,  Fievre  suante ;  Miliaria 
sudatoria,  Sudor  Picard'icus,  to  an  epidemic  dis- 
ease, which  has  appeared  several  times  in  that 
province;  the  principal  symptoms  of  which  were 
profuse  sweats  and  a  miliary  eruption.  The  dis- 
ease recurred  in  1821,  and  has  been  described,  at 
length,  by  M.  Rayer,  who  considers  it  to  consist 
of  a  simultaneous  state  of  inflammation  of  various 
tissues ;  and  proposes  to  class  it  with  variola, 
scarlatina,  and  measles. 

A  form  of  it,  in  which  the  perspiration  was  of 
a  black  colour,  was  called  Sudor  An'glicus  niger, 
JTelanephidro'sis,  Black  English  Sweating  sick- 
ness or  fever. 

Sudor  Colliquativus,  S.  Profusus. 

SUDOR  Cruen'tus.  S.  sanguineus,  H(Einntidro'- 
sis,  HcEniathidro'sis,  Ej>hidro'sis  cruen'ta,  H&wor- 
rhag"ia  per  Cutem,  (F.)  Hematidrose,  Sueur  de 
Sang ;  Sweating  of  blood,  Bloody  sweat,  Hem'- 
orrhage  from  the  skin.  Cutaneous  perspiration 
intermixed  with  blood:  —  a  very  uncommon  af- 
fection. 

Sudor  Dulcis,  SaccJiarorrhce'a  cuta'nea.  Eplii- 
dro'si8  sacchara'ta.  A  discharge  of  saccharine 
matter  by  perspiration. 

Sudor  Localis,  Meridrosis  —  s.  Miliaris,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  s.  Partialis,  Meri- 
drosis. 

Sudor  Profu'sus,  S.  Colliquati'vus.  A  pro- 
fuse or  immoderate  sweat. 

Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor  cruentus  —  s.  Uni- 
versalis. Panhidrosis. 

SUDORIFER.  Sudoriferous,  Sudorific. 

SUDORIF'EROUS,  Sudor'ifer,  Hydroph'orus, 
from  sudor,  and/ero,  'I  carry.'     That  which  car- 
|  ries  sweat,  as  the  sudoriferous  ducts  or  glands. 

SUDORIF'IC,  Sudorif'icnm,  Sudor'ifer,  Hi- 
drot'icum,  Hidrote' rium,  Hidrotop<e'um,  Ilidro- 
po'et'icum,  (F.)  Sudorifque,  from  sudor,  and  facio, 
'I  make.'  A  medicine  which  provokes  sweating. 
See  Diaphoretic. 


SUDORIPAROUS 


8  81 


SULCUS 


Forrt  Sudorific  Woops,  Quat'uor  ligma  sud<>- 
rifica,  wore,  formerly, guaiacum, perfumed  cherry, 
sart'i pari  '■',  and  nasea/rae. 

■  iRIPAROUS,  see  Perspiration. 
BUDORIS    NULLITAS,    Anidrosis  — s,   Pri- 
-s.  Suppressio,  Ischidrosis. 
urn. 
/ "/'/■',    Sudor   Anglicas  —  ».  Epidemique, 
Ehldur  Ang  icus  —  ».  3/iliaire,  Sudor  Anglioue — 
t.  de  Picardie,  Sudor  pieardious — ■•  dee  Picarde, 
picardicus. 
SI  EUR,  Sudor  —  *.  Anglaiee,  Sudor  Anglicus 
—  $.  ,r .  a  of — s.  ile 

fm*g,  I  cruentus —  «.  Urinmuet 

i;.K.  Budamina, 
i.M  i:\.  Suffimentum. 

ipnie'ma,  S»jgVmen, 
-  ffumiga'tio,  Suffumiga'- 
lr/um ;  from  euffiot  'I  perfume.'     A 
perfume;  suffuraige;  fumigation. 
SI  !■  FITIO,  Fumigation. 

[Tl'S,  Fumigation,  Suffimentum. 

lTIO,     Suffocation,    Orthopnea  —  s. 
ndriaca,  Hypochondriasis — >.  Hysterica, 
—  s.  Stridula,  Cynanche  trachealis —  s. 
.  An. 'i 'lie. 

BUFFOCA'TION,  Suffoca'tto,  Prafoca'tfo, 
Apopnix'is,  Aephyx'ia,  Ifelana'ma,  from  two,  and 
he  jaws.'  Death,  or  suspended 
animation  from  impeded  respiration,  whether 
by  the  inhalation  of  noxioite  gaeet,  drown- 
ing, hanging,  ttrangling,  or  mothering.  The  prin- 
cipal morbid  appearances  in  Buch  eases  are:  — 
the  lm  gs  ur,  with  the  blood 

extrava sated  in  the  air-cells;  right  auricle  and 
ventricle  filled  with  chirk  Hood,  as  well  as  the 
neighbouring  veins;  lividity  of  the  countenance, 
and,  perhaps,  rupture  of  the  vessels 
of  the  brain. 

T)  •  atment  of  suspended  animation  by  suffocation 
in  general.  The  patient  must  be  conveyed  into 
a  room  no!  U  o  warm.  Blood-letting  must  be 
used,  if  at  all,  with  caution:  —  friction  must  he 
employed  with  Bait,  or  warm  flannels ;  stimulating 
fluids,  in  a  dilute  state,  he  poured  into  the  sto- 
mach by  means  of  a  tube,  and  attempts  be  made 
to  inflate  the  lungs.     Laryngotomy,  if  necessary. 

Suffocation,  Pnigopho'bia,  (F.)  Etouffement, 
is  used,  as  ttrangling  is,  for  threatened  suffoca- 
tion. It  inc. ins  the  state  of  dyspnoea  and  oppres- 
sion experienced  when  a  sufficient  quantity  of  air 
does  not  enter  the  lungs,  or  when  the  chemical 
phenomena  of  respiration  are  imperfectly  exe- 
cuted :   as  to  ma. 

SUFFOCATION  UTERINE,  Angone,  Hys- 
teria. 

SUFFB  \<;o.  Poplcs. 

SDFFUMIG  \'11<>.\\  Suffimentum. 

SUFFUMIGE,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFUMIGIUM,  Fumigation. 

BUF1  !  MIN  Y\  [0.  Fumigation. 

BUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia  —  ?.  Auriginosa, 
Icterus — s.  Bilis,  [cterus — B.  Colorans,  Chromop- 
sia. — s.  Dimidians,  Hemiopia — b.  Exclarans,  Oxy- 
opia—  s.  Fellis,  [cterus  — a  Lentia  crystalline, 
Cataract-  -s.  Metaroorphopsis,  Metaraorphopeia— 
s.  Mnltiplicans,  see  Diplopia  —  s.  Myodes,  Meta- 
morphopsia — b.  Nigra.  Amaurosis — b.  Ocnli,  Ca- 
taract. Pseudoblepsia  —  s.  Ooulomm,  lactam  or- 
phopsia  —  b.  ma  —  s.  Sanguinis, 

Bechymoaa. 

BUGAR,  Baccharnm  —  s.  Barley,  Penidium, 
Sacchariiin  bordeatnm. 

Sacchanun  candidum — s.  Cane, 
um. 

SfGAit.  1>i\uetic,  Glucose  —  s.  Fruit,  Glucose 
56 


Glucose — s.  Hepatic,  see  Saecharam 
— s.  Soney,  Glu 

.  b  o>  Li  u>.  Plumbi  inperaei 
Si  oar,  Livbb,  see  Saccharum. 
Sugar,  Maorbt'io,  Sae'ckarum   Magnet'icvm. 

A  quack  preparation,  said  to  be  com] 
and  cannabis.     It  is  given  in  nervous  c 

SuGAB   of'   .Miik,   Sae'ckarum  laetie,  Galae'to- 
.    I 
S- 1  de  I.'iit,  is  obtained  from  whey  by  ei 
tion  and  crystallisation.     It  possesses  the  demul- 
cent properties  of  the  sugars. 

m  g  \i:.  M i  s<  it,  [noeite. 

Si  q  lb  Pihb,e  ie  Arrowroot — s. Starch, Glucose. 

Bi  e  vi:.  Urw  iby,  (ill. 

a,  V  \  rioi  9,  bi  •■  Baccharnm. 

SUGARBERRY,  Celtis  oceidentalis. 

SUGGILLA'TION,  Sugilla'tio,  Livor,  OJde'ma 
omentum,  Sin/illation,  Brviee  :  from  eugillare, 
sugillatum,  '  to  heat  black  and  bine.'  J'>y  most  au- 
thors nsed  synonymously  with  eoohymosil  anl 
ecchymoma.  It  is.  also,  applied  to  the  B] 
ecchymoses  which  oecnr  in  consequence  of  intrinsic 
causes, — in  disease  and  in  incipient  putrefaction. 
It  is  common  in  dead  bodies;  Livor  sen  mae'ula 
emortua'lie.  To  this  la>t  esse  it  is,  indeed,  re- 
stricted by  some  medico-legal  writers:  and  an 
interesting  question  sometimes  arises  : — Whethi  r 
the  appearance  have  been  induced  before  death 
or  afterwards  ?  Whether  it  he  a  case  of  eechv- 
tnosis  or  of  tnggillation t  In  the  former,  the 
extravasated  blood  will  usually  he  coagulate'!: 
not  so  in  the  latter.  It  is  often,  however,  diffi- 
cult to  form  a  correct  judgment  w  ithuut  reference 
to  the  history  of  the  ease. 

SUGGRUN'DIUM,  perhaps  from  suggvedi, 
{sub,  and  gradior,)  'to  go  or  come  up  to.'  The 
eave  of  a  house. 

Src<;i:r\i>it  m  Ocri.i,  Superciliary  arch  —  s. 
Snperciliornm,  Frontal  protuberance. 

SUICIDA,  Autochir. 

SUICIDAL  INSANITY,  Suicide. 

SU'ICIDE,  Suiei'divm  :  from  sui cades,  'mur- 
der of  one's  self.'  The  act  of  killing  one's  self. 
Autochi'ria,  Autocton'ia,  fdiocton'ia,  Autophon'iu. 
Suicide  is  very  frequently  the  result  of  disease 
of  the  mind  :  the  individual  seeming,  at  times,  to 
be  irresistibly  impelled  to  self-destruction.  —  Me- 
lancho'lia  Suicid'ivm  seu  autochi'ria,  Suiei'dal 
■i/.     Also,  one  who  commits  self-murder. 

SUIE,  Fnligo. 

SUIF,  Seviim. 

SUITES  DE  rorr/iKS,  Lochia. 

SULCATUS,  Canneli,  Grooved. 

SULCI,  plural  of  Sulcus. 

mi  i  i  <  iijakks,  Halo  Bignatus. 

BULCULUS  LAlill  SUPERIORIS,  Lacuna 
Labii  superioris. 

SULCI'S.  Semieana'lie,  Semicanalie'ulue.  A 
furrow.  A  groove.  (F.)  Sillon.  Anatomists  hare 
given  this  name  to  grooves  on  the  surface  of 
hones  and  other  organs.      See  Anfractuosity. 

French  writers  on  anatomy  often  use  the  term 
Sillona  for  the  grooves  which  lodge  the  arteries 
and  creep  on  the  surface  of  hone-:  whilst  those 
that  receive  veins  are  called  aouttiiree,  'gutters.' 
Also,  the  vulva. 

Sulcus  Ahtbro  postbrjor  Jbcoris,  see  Liver 
-    -.  Labii  superioris,  Lacuna  Labii  superioris. 
Sulcus,  Lat'rral,  artr'rior,  of  thk  Spiral 

M  IRROW.      A  mere  trace  on  the  narrow,  market 

only  by  the  attachment  of  the  filament.-  of  the 

anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus,  Latbrai.,  posterior,  of  thb  E 

MARROW,  cone-ponds  with  the  attachment  of  the 
posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus  Retbo-Glakdularjs,  see  Glans  —  s. 
Sinus  lateral  gmoidea —  b.  Transver- 

salis,  see  Liver  —  s.  Umlilicalis,  see  Liver. 


S  UL  FA  TE  D  "A  MM  0  XI A  QUE     88  2 


SULPHUROUS 


SULFATE  D'AMMOXLAQUE,  Ammonite 
sulphas. 

SULFIDUM  CARBONII,  Carbonis  sulphure- 
tu  in. 

SULFUR,  Sulphur. 

SULFURE  DE  OARBOX,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
rotum. 

SULPHAS  ALUMINARIS,  Alumen— s.  Am- 
moniacae  Cupratus,  Cuprum  ammoniatum  —  s. 
Cadmicus,  Cadmii  Sulphas  —  s.  Kalico-alumini- 
cum,  Alumen — s.  Natricus,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s. 
Zincicum,  Zinci  sulphas. 

SULPHUR,  Sulfur,  ScoritK,  Thei'on,  Thion, 
Averich,  Terra  folia' tu,  Fumus  eit'riutu,  Aq'uila, 
Brimstone,  (F.)  Soufre.  Xative  Sulphur  is  called 
Rock  and  Black  Sulphur,  Sulphur  vivum  seu  nt- 
(/nun.  Sulphur,  as  we  meet  with  it,  is  in  rolls, 
Sulphur  in  rot'ulis  seu  rotun'dum,  Roll  Brimstone. 
It  is  a  volcanic  production,  and  is  obtained,  in 
large  quantities,  from  Solfatara,  in  Italy.  Roll 
Sulphur  is  impure  sulphur,  melted,  and  run  into 
moulds.  It  is  unpleasantly  inodorous,  when 
heated  or  rubbed;  insipid:  solid,  and  brittle. 
S.  g.  1-99.  Fusible  at  226°;  volatilizable  by 
heat,  and  condensing  unchanged. 

Sulphur  Antimoniatum,  Antimonii  sulphure- 
tuin  praecipitatuin —  s.  Caballinum,  see  Sulphur 
subliinatum —  s.  Carburet  of,  Carbonis  sulphure- 
tum  —  s.  Chloratum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur,  Chloride  of,  Sul'phuris  Ghlo'ridum 
seu  Dicklo' ridum,  Sulphur  chlora'tum,  Hypochlo- 
re'tum  sulphuro'  sum,  Chlorum  hypersulphura'tum. 
Dichlo'ride  or  Protochlo'ride  or  Hypochlo'ride 
or  Subchlo'ride  of  Sulphur,  Bisulph' uret  of  Chlo- 
rine, is  obtained  by  passing  dry  chlorine  yas 
over  washed  and  dried  flowers  of  sulphur,  until 
they  are  for  the  most  part  dissolved,  and  distil- 
ling the  decanted  fluid  from  the  excess  of  dissolved 
sulphur.  One  drachm  of  the  liquid  to  an  ounce 
of  lard  has  been  used  in  lepra,  psoriasis,  and  other 
chronic  cutaneous  diseases.  Ten  drops,  dissolved 
in  ether,  have  been  given  in  adynamic  fever. 

Sulphur,  Dichloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride 
of — s.  Hypochloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride  of  —  s. 
lodatuui,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — s.  Ioduret  of,  Sulphuris  iodidum 
—  s.  Liver  of,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 

Sulphur  Lotum,  Sulphur  sublima'tum  lotum, 
Washed  Sulphur,  Mayiste'rium  Sulph'  uris,  Sul- 
phuris Flores  loti,  is  prepared  by  pouring  boil- 
ing water  on  sublimed  sulphur,  so  as  to  wash 
away  any  acid  it  may  contain,  and  then  dryingit. 

Sulphur  Nigrum,  Sulphur  vivum,  see  Sulphur 
sublimatum. 

Sulphur  PrjEcipita'tum,  Lac  Sulph' uris,  Milk 
nf  Sulphur,  Precip'itated  Sulphur,  (F.)  Creme  de 
Soufre,  is  prepared  by  boiling  sublimed  sulphur 
and  lime  together,  and  adding  muriatic  acid  to 
precipitate  the  sulphur. 

Sulphur,  Protochloride  of,  Sulphur  chlo- 
ride of— s.  Subchloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sublimed  Sulphur,  Flowers  of  Sulphur  (F.) 
Soufre  sublime,  Fleurs  de  Soufre,  is  the  sulphur 
of  commerce,  sublimed  in  close  vessels. 

Sulphur  is  possessed  of  stimulant,  laxative, 
and  diaphoretic  properties.  As  a  laxative,  it  is 
used  in  hemorrhoidal  and  other  affections.  In  the 
itch,  applied  externally  and  taken  internally,  it 
has  been  considered  as  a  specific  [?],  and  it  is  a 
valuable  remedy  in  most  cutaneous  affections  that 
are  local.     Dose,  £ss  to  gij. 

The  faeces  or  dregs,  left  in  the  purification  or 
sublimation  of  sulphur,  are  called  Horse  Brim- 
stone, Dreys  of  Sulphur  vioum,  Sulphur  caballi'- 
mim  seu  vivum,  Sulphuris  vivi  recrcmen'ta.  They 
are  very  impure,  and  are  only  used  externally. 

Sulphur,  Vegetable,  Lycopodiuui— s.  Wort, 
Peucedanum. 


SULPHURATUS,  Sulphureous,  Sulphurated. 

SULPHU'REOUS,  Sulphuro' sus,  Sulpha' ri  us, 
Sulphura'tus,  Sulph' uretted.  Possessing  the  pro- 
j  perties  of,  or  relating  to,  or  containing  sulphur. 

SULPHURETTED,  Sulphureous  —  s.  Hydro- 
gen, see  Hvdrogen,  sulphuretted. 

SULPHURETUM  AMMONIAC^,  Ammoniae 
sulphuretum — s.  Ammoniae  hydrogenatuin, Liquor 
finnans  Boylii — s.  Kalicum,  Potassae  sulphuretum 

—  s.  Lixiviae,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 
SULPII'URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Sulphu' ricwk 

seu  Sulfuricum,  Oleum  Vitrio'li,  Spir'itus  Vitri- 
oli  seu  vitrioli  fortis,  Acidum  vitriol' icum,  A. 
Vitrioli  dephloyistica'tnm,  Oil  of  Vitriol,  Spirit 
of  Vitriol,  Vitriol'ie  Acid,  Acor  Sulphuris,  (F.) 
Acide  Sulphurique  ou  Sulfurique.  Sulphuric  acid 
is  inodorous  ;  has  a  strong  acid  taste,  and  is  cor- 
rosive. S.  g.  1*845  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  escharotic, 
stimulant,  aud  rubefacient.  Mixed  with  lard,  it  is 
sometimes  used  in  local  pains,  and  certain  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Aromat'ic,  Ac"idnm  Sulphu'. 
ricum  Aromat'icum,  A.  vitriol' icum  avowal'  icum, 
seu  vitriolicum  alcoho'le  aromaticum,  Elixir  vitri- 
o'li seu  vitrioli  aromaticum  seu  vitrioli  Mynsich'- 
ti  seu  vitrioli  Edinburyen'sium  seu  vitrioli  cum 
tinctu'rd  aromaticd  seu  vitrioli  dnlce  seu  acido- 
aromat'  icum,  Alcohol  cum  aromat' ibus  suljjJiuri- 
ca'tus,  Tinctu'ra  acidi  sulphurici,  is  formed  of 
sulphuric  acid,  f  Siijss;  yinyer,  bruised,  ^jj  ;  cin- 
namon, bruised,  ^iss;  Alcohol,  Oij.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 
Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xxx.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
of  the  next  preparation,  than  which  it  is  move 
frequently  employed,  being  more  agreeable. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Dilu'ted,  Ac"idum  Suiphu'- 
ricum  Dilu'tum,  A.  vitriol'icum  dilutum,  Elixir 
vitrio'li,  Spir' itus  vitrio'li  ac" idus  Vogle'ri,  Elix- 
ir of  Vitriol,  (F. )  Acide  sulfurique  delaye,  is 
formed,  according  to  the  Pharmacopoeia,  of  the 
United  States,  by  adding  aq.  destillat.  f^xiij,  to 
acid,  sulph.  f^j.  It  is  tonic,  astringent,  and  re- 
frigerant. Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx,  largely  diluted. 
When  used  as  a  gargle,  half  a  drachm  may  be 
added  to  £vj  of  water. 

Very  dilute  sulphuric  acid  was  formerly  termed 
Ph/i(/)na  vitrioli. 

SULPHURIS  CARBURETUM,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum. 

Sulphuris   Chloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of 

—  s.  Dichloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 
Sulph'uris  Io'didum,  S.  Ivdure'tum,  Sulphur 

Toda'tum,  Ioduret  or  l'udide  of  Sulphur,  (F. )  Sou- 
fre lodure,  Todure  de  Soufre.  It  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S. 
(lodin.  jjivj  sulpliur.  £).)  Rub  the  iodine  and 
sulphur  together  in  a  glass,  porcelain,  or  marble 
mortar,  until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed.  Put 
the  mixture  into  a  matrass,  close  the  orifice 
loosely,  and  apply  a  gentle  heat,  so  as  to  darken 
the  mass  without  melting  it.  When  the  colour 
has  become  uniformly  dark  throughout,  increase 
the  heat  so  as  to  melt  the  iodide;  then  incline 
the  matrass  in  different  directions,  in  order  to  re- 
turn into  the  mass  any  portions  of  iodine  which 
may  have  condensed  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
vessel  :  lastly,  allow  the  matrass  to  cool,  break 
it,  and  put  the  iodide  into  bottles,  which  are  to 
be  well  stopped. 

SULPHURIUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPH  UK  OSUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPHUROUS,  Sulphureous. 

Sul'phurous  Acid,  Ac'idum  sulph  urns' icum 
seu  sulph'uris  volat'ile  seu  Sulphuro' sum  seu  Sul- 
furosum,  Spir'itus  sulphuris  seu  sulphuro' 8vm 
volat'ilis  seu  sulphuris  per  campa'nam  seu  vitrio'- 
li phlogistica'tus,  Gas  sulphuris,  (F.)  Acide  Sulr 
fureux,  Air  Acide  Vitrioliqne.  Obtained  !>y 
treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid,  or  by  burning  sulphur.     It   is    sometimes 


SULTZMALT 


SUPINATOR 


used  in  the  gaseous,  —  at  others,  in  the  liquid, 
state.     Sulphurous  acid  gas  is  used  to  die 

.  .'0111111011  air.  letters  coming  from  infected 

.vc.     It  is  also  exhibited,  with  great  buc- 

gese,  in  the  form   of  fumigation,  in  the  treatment 

tin  chronic  cutaneous  affections,  and  of 
and  rheumatic  pains  in  general.      If  re- 
Hired  pure,  it  acts  in  the  manner  of  riolent  irri-  ' 
tints  :   and  is  not  long  in  producing  death. 

SI  LTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
0ulumo.lt  is  a  village  in  the  department  <>f  the 

Upper  Rhine;   where  are  several  sources  of  cold,  ' 
acidulous  waters,  which  seem  to  contain  carbonic 
ibearbonate  of  soda,  subcarbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little  bitumen.     They  are 
refrigerant,  aperient,  and  alterative. 

81  UAi    DES  CORROYEURS,  Rhus  coria-  j 
ria  —  ».    Vfninenx,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

SUMACH,  Rhu>  coria  ria  —  s.  Mountain,  Rhus 
aopallina  —  s.  Poison,  Rhus  venenata  —  a 
Horn,  Rhus  typhi na. 

SUMBUL.  The  name  of  a  root,  Sum'bnli  ra- 
itamanti,  Mu»k-root,  presumed  to  belong 
t<>  the  UmbellifersB  family,  much  employed  in 
and  Germany  against  cholera.  Its  exact 
botanical  history  18  not  determined.  It  contains 
■  strongly  odorous  principle  like  that  of  musk; 
■ad  ;-  regarded  as  an  antispasmodic, 

BUMBUL1  RADIX,  Sumbul  root. 

SUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

SUMMER  COMPLAINT.  A  popular  name 
Iss  the  United  States,  for  diarrhoea  occurring  in 
summer.  It  is  often,  also,  made  to  include  dy- 
sentery and  cholera  infantum.  With  some  it 
means  cholera  infantum  only. 

Summer  Diss  tsi is,  see  Estiva! — s.  Plant  winter 
worm.  Sphssria  Sinensis — B.  Rash,  Lichen  tropicus. 

Sr.M.MITAS  CUTIS.  Epidermis. 

BUMMUS   HUMERUS,  Acromion. 

BURN,  Ephelides  — s.  Pew,  Drosera  ro- 
tundifolia — s.  Flower,  false.  Selenium  autumnale 
—  s.  Flower,  swamp,  llelcnium  autuiiinale  —  B.  11 
Flower,  tickwecd,  Coreopsis  trichosperma  —  s. 
.  turpentine,  Silphium  perfoliatum  —  B. 
Pain,  see  Hemicrania —  s.  Rash,  Lichen  —  s. 
Stroke,  Con/)  de  Soldi  —  s.  Stroke,  Egyptian, 
Coup  de  Soleil. 

SUPELLECTILE  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 

BUPELLEX  ANATOMIC  A,  Museum  anato- 
micurn — s.  Diogenis,  Palm. 

SUPER.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  'above.' 

SUPERBUS,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

B UP  E  R  C II  L  0  R I  D  U  M  FORMYLICUM. 
Chloroform. 

PERCILIARIS,  Corrugator  superciliL 
SUPERCIL'IARY,  8upercih'a'ru,  from  tuner, 
and  eilium,  '  the  edge  of  the  eyelid.'     That  which 
relates  to  the  supercilia  or  eyebrows.     (F.)  ,S'o»<>-- 
eilter  on  Surcilier. 

Supbrcil'iary  Arches,  Superciliary  Ridge*, 
Arm*  Hujf -rrilin' res,  Suggrurr'dia  oeulo'rum,  (P.) 
-  tourciliiree,  are  two  slightly  projecting 
apophyses,  situate  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
Of  frontis,  above  the  superior  margin  of  the  or- 
I  its.  They  are  separated  by  the  nasal  bo««e,  and 
eorered   by  the    Buperciliaris   muscle,  to  which 

rive  attachment. 
Bl  PKROTLIART  RrDOBS,  Superciliary  arches. 
BUPERCIL'IUM,   Opkry*,   Oph'rya,    Vallum, 
ureiL     Same  etymon.     The  eyeorow*  (So.) 
Brett,  (Prov.)   Eye-breen,  are   two  arched  emi- 

.  — convex  above,  and  more  OT  leSI  promi- 

•ording  to  the  individual,  —  which  lie  OR 

erciliary  arch  of  the  os  frontis,  above  the 

eyelids,  and  extend  from  the  sides  of  the  root  of 
the  Dose  to  the  temple.  Their  inner  extremity  or 
head  is  more  prominent  than  the  outer  or  tail. 
The  eyebrows  arc   covered   with  short  and  stiff 


hairs,  which  are  directed,  obliquely,  from  within 
outwards,  and  are,  commonly,  of  the  colour  of 
the  hair.  The  skin  in  which  these  hairs  are  im- 
planted, rests  tin  the  orbicular**  palpebrarum, 
frontali*,  and  tuperciliari*  muscle.-,  which  move 

■rows  in  different  directions.     Tl  • 
brows  serve  as  an  ornament  to  the  countenance; 
and   by  covering   the   eye    defend  it  from   the  im- 
pression  of  too  strong  s  light.     They  direct  the 
perspiration  also  from  thi 

rcimum    Acrtab'dli.     The  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavitv  of  the  08  iniiominatuin. 

SUPERCONCEPTION,  see  Buperfcetation. 

BUPEREVACUATIO  Hyperemia. 

BUPERFECUNDATION,  Bee  Buperfcetation. 

Bl  PERFIBRINATION,  Hyperinosie. 

SUPERPICIA'LIS  COLhl,Subeuta'neu*  Colli. 
A  nerve  formed  by  communicating  branches  from 
ii  1  and  third  cervical  nerves.  It  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  superficial  parts  of  the  neck. 

SUPERFICIES  ORBLTALIS,  see  Maxillary 
iperior)  —  s.  Plantaris  Pedis,  Sole. 

SUPER!  GECUNDATIO,  Buperfcetation. 

SUPERFGSTATIO,  Buperfcetation. 

SUPERFOJTA'TION,  Superfata'tio,  Epicye'- 
*i*,  Hypercye'ti*,  Hypercye'ma,  Superimprojgna'- 
tio,  Epig'oni,  Superjfaecundo'tio,  Superfecuuda'- 
tion,  Superimpregna'tion,  from  tuper  &nd  fcetare, 
'to  breed.'  Conception  of  a  foetus — epicye'ma — 
in  a  uterus  which  already  contains  one.  The  im- 
pregnation of  a  female  already  pregnant.  Tho 
possibility  of  this  has  been  denied;  but  there  is 
abundant  evidence  to  show,  that  it  is  possible  at 
a  very  early  period  of  pregnancy.  Twin  cases 
may  be  of  this  kind  of  auperconception, 

SUPERGEMINALIS,  Epididymis. 

SUPERGENUALI8,  Patella. 

BUPERHUMERALE,  Epomirf. 

SUPERIMPR^GNATIO,Superfoetation. 

SUPERIOR  AURIS,  Attollens  aurem— s.  Ro- 
tundus  clitoridis,  Ischio -cavern osus. 

SUPERLABIA.  Clitoris. 

SUPERLIGAMEN,  Epidesmus. 

SUPERLIGULA,  Epiglottis. 

SUPERNUMERARY  FINGER,  Digitus  su- 
pernumerarius. 

SUPERNUTRITIO  LIENIS,  Splenoncus— s. 
Splenis.  Splenoncus. 

BUPEROXALAS  KALICUM,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

BUPERPURGATIO.  Hypercath arsis. 

SUPERSCAPULARIS,  Supraspinatus—s.  In- 
ferior, [nfra-spinalus. 

SUPINATEUR  COURT  ou  PETIT,  Supi- 
nator radii  brevis  —  «.  Grand  ou  long,  Supinator 
radii  longU8. 

SUPINATION,  Supina'ti <o,  from  ntpinu*,  'ly- 
ing on  the  back.'  The  movement  in  which  the 
forearm  and  band  are  carried  outwards,  so  that 
the  anterior  Burface  of  the  latter  becomes  nuperiot: 

In  Pathology.  Supination,  Snpina'tio,Hyptia*'- 
7,ki.  Hyptia*'mu*,  means  the  horizontal  position 
OU  the  hack,  with  the  head  thrown  back,  and  the 
legs    and  arms  extended.      It    is    often    a    sign  of 

great  weakness  in  disease. 

BUPINA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
produces  supination.    A  name  given  to  two  mus- 

eles  of  the  forearm. 

Supinator  Brevis  sen  Minor,  Supinator  radii 

brevis  —  s.    LongUS    seu    major,    Supinator    radii 

[ongus. 

SUPINATOR  RADII  Rim:vis,  S.  b  ''•''"  sen  minor, 
(V.)    tipicondylo-radial  (Ch.),    Snpinateur    court 

ou  pi  lit  tupinateur.  A  muscle,  seated  at  tho 
outer  and  bach  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat- 
tened, triangular,  and  curved  upon  itself,  in  such 
a  manner  that  it  embraces  the  BU]  I  I  or  I  Mremity 
of  the  radius.  It  i-  attached,  on  the  one  hand, 
to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  to 


SUPPEDANEA 


SURA 


a  small  portion  of  the  posterior    surface  of  the 

ulna,  and   is  inserted  into  the  upper  third  of  the 

outer    and    upper    surfaces    of    the    radius.       It 

produces,  hy  contracting,  the  motion  of  supination. 

Supinator  Radii  Longus,  S.  longua  sive  via- 

jor,    Bra'chio-radia'lis,   (F.)   Uumero-sus-radial 

(Ch.),  Long  ou  grand  supinntenr,  is  seated  at  the 

anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  forearm.     It  arises 

from  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge  of  the  os 

humeri,    and    from    the    external    intermuscular 

aponeurosis;  and   is  inserted,  hy  a  long  tendon, 

into  the  outer  edge  of  the  radius,  near  the  base  of 

the  styloid  process.     It  causes  the  supination  of 

the  forearm,  which  it  can  likewise  bend  on  the  arm. 

SUPPEDANEA,  Hvpopodia. 

SUPPLANT  ALIA,  Hypopodia, 

SUPPLEMENTS  EPIPLOICA,  Appendicular 

ninguedinosse. 

SUPPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
SUPPORTER,  ABDOMINAL,  Belt,   Russian 
— s.  Utero-Abdominal,  see  Belt,  Russian. 

SUPPOSITION  DE  PART,  Pregnancy,  pre- 
tended. 

SUPPOSTTOJRE,  Suppositorium. 
SUPPOSITORIUM,  Suppository  —  s.  Uteri- 
num. Pessary. 

SUPPOS'ITORY,  Supposito'rium,  Hypoth'- 
elon,  Bacil'his,  Balanis'mus,  Bal'anus,  Glaus,  G. 
siibdidit" ia,Xod' ulus  iutctina'lis,  from  supponere, 
supposition,  (sub  nnd  ponere,  'to  put,)  'to  put  un- 
der,' (F.)  Siippositoire.  A  solid  medicine,  in  the 
form  of  a  cone  or  cylinder,  intended  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  rectum;  —  either  for  the  purpose 
of  favouring  intestinal  evacuations,  or  to  act  as 
an  anodyne.  Purgative  suppositories  are  made 
of  soap,  aloes,  or  any  other  irritating  substance. 

SUPPRESSIO  ALYI,  Constipation  —  s.  Lo- 
chiorum,  Ischolochia — s.  Lotii,  Ischuria — s.  Men- 
sium,  Amenorrhoea — s.  Menstruationis,  Amenor- 
rhoea —  s.  Sudoris,  Ischidrosis. 

SUPPRESSION  DU  FLUX  MENSTRU- 
EL,  Amenorrhoea — s.  de  Part,  see  Parturition — 
s.  d' Urine,  Ischuria. 

SUPPURANS,  Suppurative. 
SUPPURARE,  Suppurate. 

eUP'PURATE,  Suppura're,  (F.)  Suppurer, 
(Prov.)  Beat  (vulgarly).  To  form  or  secrete  pus. 
SUPPURA'TION,  Suppura'tio,  Subpura'tio, 
Ecpye'  ma,  Puruhn'tia,  Pyo'aia,  Pye'sis.  Diapye'- 
ma,  Diapye'sis,  Pyogen'ia  simpler,  Pu'rulcnce, 
Pu'rulency,  Gath'criug,  (F.)  Aboutissemeut.  For- 
mation or  secretion  of  pus,  (see,  also  Pyngenia,) 
from  sub,  'under,' and  pus, pun's.  It  is  a  fre- 
quent termination  of  inflammation,  and  may  oc- 
cur in  almost  any  of  the  tissues.  This  termina- 
tion is  announced  by  slight  chills;  by  remission 
of  the  pain,  which,  from  being  lancinating,  be- 
comes heavy;  by  a  sense  of  weight  in  the  part, 
and.  when  the  collection  of  pus  can  be  easily  felt, 
by  fluctuation.  When  pus  is  thus  formed  in  the 
areolar  membrane,  and  is  coHected  in  one  or  more 
cavities,  it  constitutes  an  abscess.  If  it  be  formed 
from  a  surface  exposed  to  the  air,  it  is  an  ulcer: 
and  such  ulcers  we  are  in  the  habit  of  establish- 
ing artificially  in  certain  cases  of  disease. 

SUP'PURATIYE,  Suppu'rans,  Suppurati'rtts, 
Diapye'ticus,  Ecpyo'ticus,  Ecpyiscon'ius,  (F.) 
Suppuratif.  Same  etymon.  That  which  facili- 
tates suppuration.  Suppuratives  are,  generally, 
vesicants  mixed  with  lard. 
SUPPURER,  Suppurate. 

SUPRA.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  '  above.' 

SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Costa'rum, 
(F.)  Sur-costau.r,  from  supra,  and  casta,  '  a  rib,' 
A  name  given  to  twelve  small,  fleshy  fasciculi, 
Avhich  are  flattened,  triangular,  and  with  radiat- 
ing fibres.  They  pass  from  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  dorsal  vertebras  to  the  superior  mar- 


gin of  the  rib  beneath.  Spigelius,  Cowper,  Boyer, 
Chaussier,  and  others,  consider  them  to  form 
part  of  the  intercostales  externi. 

SUPRA-HEPATIC  VEINS,  see  Hepatic 
veins. 

SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somatody- 
mia  —  s.  et  Infra-omphalodymia,  see  Somatody- 
mia. 

SUPRA-OR'BITAR,  Supra-orbita'lis,  Supra, 
orbita'rius,  (F.)  Sus-orbitaire,  from  supra,  and 
orbita,  *  the  orbit.'  That  which  is  situate  above 
the  orbit. 

Supra- Or'bitar  Fora'men,  F.  Supra-orbita'- 
riuni  seu  orbitariwm  supe'rius,  (F.)  Trou  sus-orbi- 
taire ou  orbitaire  superieur,  is  a  foramen  or  notch 
completed  by  a  ligament  at  the  inner  third  of  the 
orbitar  arch.  It  gives  passage  to  the  aupra-orbi- 
tar  or  superciliary  artery,  a  branch  of  the  oph- 
thalmic, which  ascends  the  forehead,  and  is  dis- 
tributed thereto. 

SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Supra-pubic,  Sujyra-puh- 
ia'nus,  from  supra,  and  pubes.  That  which  is 
seated  above  the  pubis. 

Supra-Pubiax  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  sus-pnbien,  is 
the    internal    ramus  of    the    inguino-cutaneoua 
branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve.  It  is  the  geuito- 
crural  branch  of  Bichat.    It  descends  almost  ver- 
tically before    the  psoas  muscle;  and,  near  the 
crural  arch,  divides  into  two  branches.     One  of 
II  these  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord,  and  is  dis- 
|  tributed  to  the  cremaster,  scrotum,  and  integu- 
!  ments  on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh.     The  other 
|j  issues  from  the  pelvis  with  the  femoral  filaments; 
I  traverses  the  aponeurosis  of  the  thigh,  and  is  dis- 
tributed  to    the    integuments  of  the  upper  and 
anterior  part  of  the  limb. 

SUPRA-RE'NAL.  Supra-rena'lis,  (F.)  Surr& 
nal,  from  supra,  and  ren,  '  the  kidney.'  Seated 
above  the  kidney  —  as  the  supra-renal  capsule. 

SUPRA-SCAP'ULAR :  Supra-scapula'risfrom 
supra,  and  scapula.  Seated  above  the  scapula  : — as 

Supra-scapular  Nerve.  This  arises  from 
the  fifth  cervical  ;  passes  through  the  supra-sca- 
pular notch,  and  is  distributed  to  the  supra-spi- 
natus  and  infra-spinatus  muscles. 

SUPRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-scapular,  and 
Supra-spinatus  muscle. 

SUPRA-  SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis 
oris. 

SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,    Supra-apino'aua,    (F.) 
j  Snr-epinenx,  Sus-epineux,  from  supra,  and  spina. 
That  which  is  seated  above  the  spine. 

SuPRA-SPINATA  FOSSA,  (F.)  Fosse  sns-epinmsp, 

is  a  triangular  depression  above  the  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

Supra-Spixatus    Muscle,    Super-scapula1 Wa, 
Supra-scapular  is,  (F.)   Sus-spino-seapufo-troch  i- 
terien,    Petit    aua-acapulo-trochiterien     (Ch.),    is 
situated  in  the  fossa,  supra-spinata.     It  is  elon- 
gated, thick,  and  triangular,  and  is  attached,  on 
j  the  one  band,  to  the  two  inner  thirds  of  the  fossa 
!  supra-spinata;  and  terminates,  on  the  other,  at 
j  the   anterior  part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus.     This  muscle  raises  the  arm. 

Supra-Spixo'sa     Ligamen'ta,     Supra-spinal 
lir/aments,  are  two    in  number.     1.  The  L-nrxo- 
lumbo-svpra-spinal  ligament,    (F.)  Ligament  svr- 
I  epineux  dorso-lombairc,  extending  above  the  spi- 
|  nous  processes  of  the  dorsal  and  lumbar  vertebra? 
!  from  the  7th  cervical  as  far  as  the  median  crista 
of  the  sacrum.   2.    Cervical-supra-spinal  ligament, 
I  (F.)   Ligament    sur-epineux    cervical,    which   ex- 
tends above  all  the   cervical  spinous  processes 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. 

SUB,  Sujira.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
'above.' 

SURA,  Gastroenc'me,  Gastrocne'mia,  Gostroc- 
ne'miumj   Cat/  of  the  leg,   (F.)  2/ullct}   Grus  de 


SURCILIER 


SUSPENSORY 


The  projection,  formed  at  the  posterior 
j,;,rr  of  the  leg  by  the  gastroenemii  masele.  Also, 
the  fi 

SURCILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Superci- 
lLnrv. 

8URC0STA  UX,  Sir 
SURCULA  TION,  sec  Generation, 
I  LI  FELLEI,  Pori  biliarii 
LCULUS,  Ramusculus. 

.  from  Bur,  and  <l<  ns,  '  n  tootli.' 
When  a  milk-tooth  doea  not  fall  eut  at  the  period 
•  it  ion.  bat   is   merely  forced   to 
one  Bide  by  the  new  tooth,  it  is  ealled  ■  mrdtnL 
HDl  MCTITE,  Mutitas  sordornm. 
^osis,  Deal 
SURDITE*,  Cophosis,  D 

RP0MUT1  lumbnesfc 

SUHDUS,  ' 

i  'OMMUN,  Sambucus. 
SI  III' LI. K.  Oxalia  acetosella,  Rumex  acetosa. 

tPlNEUX,  Supra-spinatus. 
SUR-EXV1TATION,    see    Excitement,     and 
Baper-excitalion. 
BURFEIT,  Acrasia,  Coliea  crapnl 

1E0N,  Chirnr'geon  ;   Chiro'nax,  Ckirur*- 

,/us,     I  •     '  ria'lir, 

Hit,  it*.  (  F.  I  Ckirnrgien,  old  French.  Surgien,  from 
■iie  band,'  and    icyov,    'work.'     One  who 
practis  The    Burgeon,    .-ays  Celsus, 

ought  to  he  young,  or,  at  all  events,  not  advanced 
la  life.  Jlis  hand  mast  be  steady,  expert,  and 
never  tremulous  :  he  must  use  the  right  or  Left 
with  equal  facility  :  his  right  most  be  clear  and 
:  his  mind  intrepid;  and,  although 
unmoved  when  he  proceeds  to  operate,  ho  must 
than  is  net — sry, 
hut  finish  his  operation,  as  if  the  cries  of  the  pa- 
tient made  no  impression  npon  him. 

In  the  middle  ages,  the  Universities  of  Italy 
tin  sent  out  educated  Burgeons,  as  well  as 
physicians,  under  the  name  ckirur'gi-phge'iei. 

BDRGKON-APOTH'ECARY.  One  who  unites 
the  practice  of  Burgery  with  that  of  the  apothe- 
cary.  A  general  practitioner.    He  is  the  ordinary 
mrm  or  family  medical  attendant  in  Eng- 
land. 

BURGEON-DENTIST,  Dentist. 

.     The  office  of  a  surgeon. 
irnr'gia,  Chiriatri'a,  Cheirixf- 
i  7/ //•//- 'fit,  Chirin' inn*,  Metaeheirix'ie, 
MetachV  rieie,  Metachirie'mue,  Traeta'tio  manna'- 
»•/'<;,  Medic1  ina  operati'va  s.-u  effieax,  (P.J  Chi- 
Samo  etymon  a-  BUrgOOO.      The   part  of 
the  healing  art  whieh  relates  to  external  d  • 
their   treatment;  and,  especially,  to  the  manual 
;:ipted  for  their  cure.  Also,  the  office 
Of  a  BUT 

to*  aplastic,  Morioplastice —  s.  Au- 
tic,  Morioplastice — b. Conservative,  Surgery, 
salvation— a  Dental,  Dentistry. 

m:v.    Mn.'iTAitv,    Chirvr'gia    milita'rie, 

■V.    Chirtirgie  militaire,  is  thai  which  relates  to 

be  performed  on  the  field  of 

battle,  <>r  subsequently; — with  the  attention  to  be 

paid  to  the  wounded, 

Sdrgery,  Op'erattvx,   i>  termed    Aeiur'gia, 
Aenr'gia,  and  Aeidur'gia,  (F.)  Mtdeeint  opira- 

Sorobrt,  Plastic,  Moriopls 

Balv  v'  now,  I  '■'■  ^ur'gery, 

is  that  which  looks  rather  to  the  preservation  of 
:i  Limb  for  example  than  its  removal.     One,  who 
is  addicted   to  operating  In   almost  all  a 
sometimes  ealled  a  hnifteman. 

BUR'GICAL,  Ckirur'gicu*,    (V.)    Chirv 
Chirurgique.  Sam.-  etymon.     That  which  relates 
■gery  |  as  tarj  teal  anatomy,  turgieal  opera- 
tions, mrgieal  instruments,  »tc. 


&  i  RGIEN,  Fur 

61    HI  N  AMINE,  B  Surinam- 

SI  R-IRRITA  TION,  see  Irritation. 

SURNUME'RAIRE  il»oigt),  Digitus  super- 
namerarius. 

&  I  ROX  TO  I.  N  /   -  E  ?.    From  rwr  and  i 

given  by  Baumes  to  diseases  attributed 
by  him  to  superabundance  of  oxygen. 
'  >/  RPEAl  .  Epidermis. 

BURRE<  I  \  ALBA,  Ranunculus  flammula, 

Sinnf.SM..  Supra-renal. 

SURROG  \  l  1  -M.  Sucoedaneum. 

SURSELS,  see  Salt. 

SURTOUTS  LIOA  VENTEUX  />/:  I.  1  C0- 
LONNE  VERT^BRALE,  Vertebral  Ligaments. 

SURUMPE (S.)  A  disease  to  which  the  tra- 
veller in  the  Cordilleras  is  liable.  D  consists  of 
a  violent  inflammation  of  the  eyes,  caused  by  the 
reflection  of  the  bright  rays  of  the  sun.  The  con- 
junctiva is  highly  inflamed,  and  the  lid.-  swell 
and  bleed.  The  pain  is  intense,  and  frequently 
induces  delirium.  —  Tschudi. 

81  rR  VII'.  Survivorship. 
BURVTVORSHIP,  (F.)  S«rvie,  from  wuper- 
.  and  vivere,)  (F.)  ntrtrivre,  'to  live 
longer.'  In  legal  medicine,  this  word  means  the 
probability  that  any  individual  has  survived 
others  in  an  accident,  w  hit  li  has  been  fatal  to  all. 
This  is  often  an  important  question,  connected 
with  the  inheritance  id'  property,  and  on  which 
physiology  can  rarely  afford  more  than  presump- 
tive grounds  for  conclusion. 

SI  B,  SUSUM,  (F.)  Sne,  same  as  Sureum, 
'  above.'  A  French  prefix,  signifying  '  above,'  as 
in 

ACROMIO-HUMERAL,  Deltoid. 

SUS  CARPIEN i  sua,  and  carpe,  'the  wrist.' 
Above  the  wrist.  An  epithet  given  by  (."mtussier 
to  the  dorsal  artery  of  the  wrist — Artirc  nun-cur- 
pienne —  a  branch  of  the  radial. 

Sl'S-KI'I.\i:rx.  Bupra-spinatns— «.  Maxillo- 
labial,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  s.  Maxillo-labial, 
grand,  Levator  lahii  Buperioris  alseque  nasi  —  s. 
Maxillo-labial  moyen,  Levator  labii  superioris 
proprius  —  s.  Maxillo-nasal,  Compressor  naris  — 
s.  Omphalodymiet  see  Bomatodymia  —  n.  Optico- 
ephino-eelfroticien,  Rectus  superior  oeuli — t.  Or- 
bitaire,  Supra-orbitar  —  «.  Phalangien  du  pouce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevifl — s.  Pubio-fimoral,  Pec- 
tinalis  — «.  Scapulo-troehiterien  le  jilun  petit, 
Teres  minor  — ».  Scapxilo-trochitSn'en  />>tii,  Su- 
pra-spinatus —  ».  Spino-ecapulo-trochitirien,  Bu- 
pra-spinatns. 

BPTIBIL'ITY,  facile  tnaciptene,  (tos, 
and  eapio,  'I  take/)  'easily  taking,  or  under- 
taking.' Sensibility,  in  its  most  enlarged  accep- 
tation. Impressibility.  This  term,  with  the  epi- 
thet nervouH,  is  sometimes  used  for  that  increase 
in  the  moral  sensibility  which  is  particularly  ob- 
served in  nervous  affections. 

SUSCEPTIO  INTESTINORUM,  Intussuscep- 
tion. 

BUSPENDK  DLUM,  Cremaster. 

BU8PENSA,  Bnmdrema, 

SUSPENSEUR,  Suspensory. 

8U8PENS0IRE,  8uspensory. 

BUSPENSORIUM,  Suspensory  —  s.  Hepatis, 
Buspensory  ligament  of  the  liver — s.  Testis,  Cre- 
master. 

BUSPEN'SORY,  Sutpento'riu;  from  tntpen- 
dere,  (•««,  and  /l--,ni>r,,  'to  bang,')  'to  hang  up.' 
(F.)  Suepenteur,  That  which  sustains  or  sus- 
pends. 

BusPKirgORT  Bawdasx,  Stttpeneo'rium,  & 
toir  on  Sutpenaoire,  is  a  bandage  intended  to  sup- 
port the  BCrotum,  in  cases  of  diseases   of  the   tes- 
ticle  or  of  scrotal   hernia.      It   counts   of  ji  kind 
i"  of  bag,  fixed  above  to  a  cincture,  and  retained 


SUSPENSUM 


SUTURE 


below  bjr  strings  passing  between  the  thighs,  and  || 
fixed  to  the  cincture  behind. 

Suspensory  Ligament  of  the  Liver,  Liga-  ! 
men' turn  latum,  Stupenso'rium  he' pat  is,   Perpen-  \ 

dic'uluni  he'patis,  is  a  triangular  duplicature  of  j 
the  peritoneum,  between  the  inferior  surface  of 
the  diaphragm  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  liver, 
which  is  continuous  with  the  great  falx   of  the 
umbilical  vein. 

Suspensory  Ligament  of  the  Penis  is  a  fibro- 
ccllular  fascia,  of  a  triangular  shape,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  anterior  part  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  to  the  corpus  cavernosum,  which  it  sustains. 
A  similar  ligament  belongs  to  the  clitoris. 

SUSPENSUM,  Enaeorema  —  s.  Urinse,  Enseo- 
reuia. 

SUSPIRATION,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRATUS,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRITUS,  Suspirium. 

SUSPIR'IUM,    Suspira'tio,   Snspira'tus,    Sus- 
pir'itus,  from  bub,  and  spiro,  'I  breathe;'  Myg- 
mvB,   Mych'mua,   JFychthis'mus,  Stenag'mus,    Ste- 
liax'is,  Sigh,  Snspira'tion,  (F.)   Soupir.     A  short 
breathing.     A  slow,  voluntary  contraction  of  the 
diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles,  the  effect  of 
which  is  to  restore  the  due  relation  between  the 
circulation  and  respiration,  or   to  free  ourselves 
from  an  inconvenient  sense  of  weight  felt  in  the 
chest,  when  we  are  much  depressed,  —  a  weight, 
which   appears  to   be   chiefly  dependent  on   the 
functions  of  the  heart  being  disturbed    through 
the  moral  influence.     The   sigh  differs  from  the 
aoV: — the  latter  being  involuntary  and  spasmodic. 
Sighing,  occurring  in  fevers  to  a  great  extent,  in- 
dicates  considerable   depression.     When  accom- 
panied with  a  vocal  sound,  it  constitutes  a  groan. 
Suspirium  Cardiaoum,  Angina  pectoris. 
SUSTENTACULUM,  Aliment. 
SUSTENTATOR  CLITORIDIS,  Erector  clito- 
ridis  —  s.  Penis,  Erector  penis. 
SUSURRATION,  Whispering. 
SUSURRUS,   Bourdonnement —  s.   Aurium, 
Tinnitus  aurium. 
SUTELA,  Suture. 

SUTERBERRY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum. 
SUTORIUS,  Sartorius. 
SUTTER,  Saccharum. 

SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy  — 
s.  Arcualis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Biparietalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture  —  s.  Clavata,  Suture,  quilled  —  s. 
Corporis  callosi  externa,  see  Raphe  —  s.  Cranii 
squamosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s.  Dentata,  see 
Suture  —  s.  Frontoparietalis,  Coronal  suture  —  s. 
Interparietal,  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Jugalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture — s.  Lambdoidalis,  Lambdoid  suture 
—  s.  Limbosa,  see  Suture  —  s.  Lepidoides,  Squa- 
mous suture  —  a.  Mendosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s. 
Notha,  see  Suture — s.  Obelsea,  Sagittal  suture  — 
s.  Ossium  Spuria,  Harmony  —  s.  Prorse,  Lamb- 
doid suture  —  s.  Punctata,  Suture,  common  —  s. 
Puppis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Rhabdoides,  Sagittal 
suture — s.  Serrata,  see  Suture,  Sagittal  suture — s. 
Spuria,  see  Suture — s.  Squamosa,  see  Suture — s. 
Vera,  see  Suture. 

SUTURAL,  Sutura'lis  ;  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     Relating  to  a  suture. 

SUTURE,  Sutu'ra,  Sute'la,  Arme,  RTiapTie, 
from  suere,  sittum,  'to  stitch  ;'  Dove-tail  joint,  (F.) 
Engrenure.  A  kind  of  immovable  articulation, 
in  which  the  bones  unite  by  means  of  serrated 
edges,  which  are,  as  it  were,  dove-tailed  into  each 
other.  The  articulations  of  the  greater  part  of 
the  bones  of  the  skull  are  of  this  kind.  The 
coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal  sutures  are 
called  true  sutures,  sutu'ree  vera?,,  the  two  temporal 
are  called  false  sutures,  sutures  nothce  seu  spu'riai 
seu  squamo'scB. 

A  dentated  suture — Sutu'ra  denta'ta  —  is  one 
in  which  the  processes  are  long  and  dentiform, 


as  in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a  serrated 
suture  —  sutu'ra  seu  syntax' is  serra'ta  —  the  in- 
dentations and  processes  are  small  and  fine,  like 
the  teeth  of  a  caw,  as  in  the  suture  between  the 
two  portions  of  the  frontal  bone.  In  the  sutu'ra 
limbo' 8a  there  is  along  with  the  dentated  mar- 
gins a  degree  of  bevelling  of  one,  so  that  one 
bone  rests  on  the  other,  as  in  the  oecipito-parie- 
tal  suture. 

Suture,  in  Surgery,  Rha'phe,  means  an  opera- 
tion which  consists  in  stitching  the  lips  of  a  wound 
to  procure  their  union.  The  suture  was,  at  one 
time,  largely  employed  ;  but,  in  modem  times, 
its  use  has  been  wisely  restricted.  There  are  few 
wounds  in  which  the  edges  may  not  be  brought 
|  together  by  adhesive  plaster  appropriately  ap- 
plied. This  kind  of  union,  by  adhesive  plaster 
simply,  has  been  absurdly  termed  Sutura  sieei 
or  dry  suture,  in  opposition  to  the  Sutura  omenta 
or  suture  properly  so  called.  The  suture  is  gene- 
rally performed  with  waxed  thread  and  straight 
or  curved  needles,  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  parts. 

The  chief  sutures  are  the  interrupted  suture, 
the  quilled  suture,  the  glover's  suture,  and  the 
twisted  snture.  1.  The  Interrupted  Suture, 
(F.)  Suture  d  points  separes,  Suture  entrccoupee, 
is  performed  by  passing  a  needle,  armed  with  a 
ligature,  through  the  lips  of  the  wound  previ- 
ously  brought  into  contact;  and  then  tying  the 
extremities  of  the  thread.  The  other  stitche3 
are  made  in  the  same  manner.  They  are  sepa- 
rate or  interrupted.  It  is  the  suture  most  com- 
monly used.  2.  The  Quilled  Suture,  Sutara 
clava'ta,  (F.)  Suture  enchevillee  ou  emplnmee  ou 
empennee,  Compound  Suture,  is  merely  the  inter- 
rupted suture,  with  this  difference,  that  the  liga- 
tures are  not  tied  over  the  face  of  the  wound,  but 
over  two  quills  or  rolls  of  plaster,  or  bougies 
which  are  laid  along  the  sides  of  the  wound.  It 
is  used  by  some  surgeons,  on  account  of  there 
being  less  danger  of  the  stitches  tearing  out.  It 
is  not  much  employed.  The  Clamp  Suture, 
used  by  Dr.  Sims,  of  New  York,  in  the  treatment 
of  vesico-vaginal  fistulae,  is  a  modification  of  this. 
It  is  formed  by  two  cylinders  of  silver  or  lead, 
perforated  at  several  points  for  the  passage  of 
small  pieces  of  fine  silver  wire,  which  are  to 
supply  the  places  of  thread,  and  are  prevented 
from  slipping  by  perforated  shot  carried  down 
upon  them,  pressed  against  the  cylinders,  and 
kept  in  situ  by  being  firmly  pinched  with  pliers. 
3.  The  Glover's  Suture,  Contin'ued  or  Cnin- 
terrup'ted  Suture,  (F.)  Suture  de  Pelletier,  ou  en 
surget,  is  executed  by  introducing  the  needle  first 
into  one  lip  of  the  wound  from  within  outwards, 
then  into  the  other  in  the  same  way;  and,  in 
this  manner,  sewing  up  the  whole  extent  of  the 
wound.  It  has  been  chiefly  used  in  wounds  of 
the  intestinal  canal.  It  is  now  rarely  employed 
except  for  stitching  up  dead  bodies.  The  com- 
mon stitch  or  suture,  Sutura  puncta'ta.  (F.)  Su- 
ture d  points  passes,  has  been  used  in  similar 
cases.  4.  The  Royal  Stitch  or  Suture  is  the 
name  of  an  old  operation  for  the  cure  of  bubono- 
cele. It  consisted  in  putting  a  ligature  under 
the  hernial  sac,  close  to  the  abdominal  ring,  and 
then  tying  that  part  of  the  sac,  so  as  to  render  it 
impervious  by  the  adhesive  inflammation  thus 
excited.  5.  The  Twisted  Suture.  (F.)  Suture 
entortillee,  is  employed,  chiefly,  to  unite  wounds 
of  the  cheeks  and  of  the  free  edges  of  the  lips. 
To  perform  it,  a  pin  or  needle  is  passed  through 
the  edges  of  the  wound,  so  as  to  keep  them  ac- 
curately in  contact.  A  piece  of  thread  is  then 
wound  accurately  around  the  pin,  from  one  side 
of  the  division  to  the  other,  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  oo  .  The  number  of  pins  and  sutures  must, 
of  course,   correspond  with   the   extent   of   the 


S  W  A  B 


SYCEPIIALUS 


gBJUsd.      This  is  the  suture  used  in  08861  of  hare- 
lip.    The  Litton  Sdtubb,  of  Br.  Boseman,  of 
:.  employed  in  vesieo-vaginal  fistula,  is  ■ 
itionof  this.  6.  The  SUTURE  A  A 
if  L«  Dran,  has  only  been  employed  in  ease*  of 
-  of  the  intestines.     For  this  purpose,  the 
•  the  wound  are  brought  together, 
?,  with   unwaxed    threads,  di 
be  Btitehea.     Baeh   stitch  is  then 
needle  through  th< 
all  the  ligatures  whieb  belong  I  of  the 

Iround  are  tied  together,  and  twisted  so  as  t«i  form 
a  thread,  which  is  fixed  externally.     7.    I 

-i  iii:i'.    i.    Suture  implautie,  is  formed 
by  pips  arranged  parallel  to  the  edges   of  the 
Wound,   and   implanted    in    their  substance.      By 
f  threads,  the  needles  are  approximated 
bring  the  edges  of  the  w(  und  together. 
S.  The  Plastic  Suture,  so  culled  by  Prof.  Pan- 
adelpbia,  its  proposer,  is  a  suture  by 
and  groove.     The  groove  is  made  by  in 
Incision  in  the  part,  which  is  to  receive  the  flap. 
The  tongue  is  made  on  the  flap  by  bevell 
Hm   two   surfaces,   euticular    and   adipose.     The 
suture  is  made  by  |  p  of  thread,  by  two 

punctures,  deep  through  the  inner  lip  of  the 
The  two  needles  are  passed  through  the 
base  of  the  tongue,  and  again  through  the  outer 
lip  of  tin'  groove.  The  two  ends  of  the  thread 
are  then  tied  over  a  small  roll  of  adhesive  plas- 
ter, by  which  the  tongue  is,  of  necessity,  forced 
deep  into  the  groove.  Four  raw  surfaces  are  thus 
lirmly  held  in  connection,  making  the  union  of 
parts  by  this  suture,  a  very  certain  pre* 

BUTURB,  BUTTOH,  See  Suture,  (twisted)  —  S. 
damp,  see  Suture,  (quilled)  —  .«.  Compound, 
Suture,  quilled  —  s.   Continued,  Suture,  glover's 

—  *.    EcaiUetae,    Squamous  suture — ».    / 

■are,  qnilled — e.  Emphimie,  Suture,  quilled 
Suture,  quilled — *.  Entortillie, 
Suture,  twisted  —  s.   Eutrecoupie,  Suture,  inter- 
rupted—  s.  False,  Harmony,  see  Suture  —  «.  Im-  J 

Suture,  (implanted)  —  •.  Oeeipitale, 
Lambdoid  suture — s.  Occipito-parietal,  Lambdoid 
suture  —  *.  d  .  Suture,  glover's  —  s.  Pe- 

.   Perinaeorrhapby  —  s.   Plastic,  see    Suture 
Point*   paeiie,    Suture,    common — s.    <i 
Point*  ttparte,  Suture,  interrupted  —  s.  Sagittal, 
jittal    suture  —  s.    Sqnamenee,    Squamous 
suture  —  *.  en  Sttrget,  Suture,  glover's — s.  Snper- 
Barmony  —  s.  Uninterrupted,  see   Suture,  ' 
r-'s. 
SWAB,  from  Sax.  rpebban,  'to  clean  with  a  j 
ee  of  sponge  or  rag  tied  to  a  rod  of 

whalebone  or  w I,  for  cleansing  the  mouth  of  ! 

v.   or  applying  remedial    agents  to  deep- 
ess  is  termed  Swabbing. 
SWADDLING  CLOTHES,  Swathing  clothes. 

vGBELLY,  Pbysconia, 
SWALLOW,    Hirundo  —  s.   Wort.  Asclepias 
Kicum  —  s.  Wort,  orange,  Asclepias  tube- 
i.  Wort,  tuberous-T  piastuberosa 

—  s.  Wort,  white,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 
SWALLOW'S   NEST,  Nidus  birundinis. 
SWALME,  Excrescence,  Tumour. 
SWAMP  CABBAGE,  Draeontium  foetidum  — 

s.  I»"_-\v 1,  Petela   trifoliata  —  S.  Sickness.  .Milk 

sickness — s.  Wood,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis, 
Dirca  palustris. 

sw.A  KIT".  Stupor,  Syncope. 

SWATHING    CLOTHES,  Swaddling  Clothe; 

Ineunab'ula,  Fateiat,   Panni,  from  Sax.  rpet>an, 

'to  hind.'     (F.)   Maillot,     The   kind   of   clothing 

<>r  bandaging  formerly  applied  to  children  dur- 

firal  year  of  life.     It  is  now,  properly, 

laid  aside,  and   every  freedom   allowed  to  muscu- 
rtion. 
c:\\  EAT,  Sudor — s.  Bloody,  Sudor  cruentus  — 


s.  Glands,  see  Perspiration  —  s.  Boot,  Polemo- 
nium  reptans  —  a.  Scab,  Crusta  genu  equinss. 

SWEATING,  Ephidroats — s.  Lath,  Achioolum 
— a.  of  Blood,  see  Diapedesis,  and  Sudor  cruentus 
—  s.  House,  Achioolum  —  a.   Plant,  Eupatoriuni 
perfoliatum  —  a,  Loom.  Achioolum  —  s.  Bi< 
Sudor  Anglicus. 

Sweating    Bickhesb,    Malwah.      A 
which  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  worst  form  of 

cholera,  and  U)  hear  a  close  r<  latlOD  to  mi 
congestive  fever.      As   its  name  imports,  it  occurs 
in  Malwah  in  India. 
SWEBBING,  Sn 
SM  EE,  Vertigo. 
SWEEMING,  Syncope. 

SWEI  MISH,  see  Syi 

SWEET    LI  l'i  BR,  Triosteum— ».  Bread,  Pan- 
creas, Thymus  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia  asplenifolia 
rn,C<  mptonis  asplenifolia — s.  Flag.  Acorns 
calamus  —  s.    Pod,  Cenitonium  ailiqna  —  B, 
Aralin  nudicaulis. 

SWELLING,  Epanatte'nta,  Exar'ma,  I 
tie,  /'•-..  Ivme/ac'tioj  Tumor, 

Tume/ae'tio,  (Prov.)  Blowing,  Boiet,  CohI,  (Old 
Bug.)  Boche,  Bollynge,  Bolning,  (F.)  Enflure, 
ent,  from  Sax.  rpeUan,  iD.)  swollen 
«;.  Bchwellen,  'to  swell.'  Morbid  h 
of  bulk  in  the  whole,  or  a  part,  of  the  body.  See 
Tumour. 

Swrluvg,  White,  Ilvdrarthrus. 

SWENSIE,  Cynnnche. 

BWENYNG,  Somnium. 

SWEKF,  Stupor,  Syncope. 

SWEKTIA  CHIRAYITA,  Cicntiana  chirayita 
—  s.  Difl'ormis,  see  Calumha  —  s.  Frasera,  see 
Calumba  —  s.  Lutea,  G  en  tiana  lutea. 

SWEUIN,  Somnium. 

SWEVYNG,  Somnium. 

BWEVYNYNG.  Somnium. 

SWIETE'NIA  FEBRIF'UGA,  after  Van 
Swicten,  S.  So'mida,  Soym'ida  sen  Cedre'la  fe- 
brifuga,  Feh'rifuge  Swiete'nia,  (F.)  Makogan 
febrifuge.  Ord.  Meliacem.  Sex.  Sytt.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  hark  of  this  tree,  which  is 
a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  called  there  Rohena 
Bark,  has  an  aromatic  odour  and  bitter  taste.  It 
is  tonic  and  stomachic,  and  has  been  used  in  in- 
tcrmittents,  and  in  diseases  where  bitter  tonics 
are  indicated.      Dose,  ^j  to  ^ij  of  the  powder. 

Swiete'hia  Mahog'axi,  Cedrue  Mahog'ani, 
Mahogany  'free,  grows  in  the  West  Indies  and 
tropical  America,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
p<  rtiea. 

Sw  iitk'ma  SKNrnAT.EN'sis.  Khni/a  Senegalen'- 
I  sis.     A  common  forest  tree  on  the  borders  of  the 
Gambia.    The  bark  called  Cail-cedra,  and  Karton 
Khayi,  is  bitter  and  antiperiodic. 

SwiBTBMA  SOVIDA,  S.  Febrifuga. 

BWIM,  Air  bladder. 

SWIMBLADDER,  Air  bladder. 

SWIMMING,  Natation— s.  Bladder,  Air  blad- 
der—  s.  of  the  Head.  Vertigo. 

SWINACIE,  (vnan.be  tonsillaris. 

SWINE-POX,  see  Varicella. 

SWINE-SAME,  Adepa. 

swim:-'i  HISTLE,  Sonohua. 

BWINNYING,  Vertigo. 

S¥  OON,  Synct 

SWOONING,  Svneope. 

BWOUNDING,  Syncope. 

SYALADENI'TIS,    Inflamwia'tio    glavJula'- 
rnm   tali va' Hum,  from    aaXov,  'saliva,'    <i 
g'and,'  and  i its,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflam- 
mation of  the  salivary  glands. 

BYl   AMINOS.  Morns  nigra. 

BY  I    \  M  I  N  I'M.  i  -igra. 

SYCE,  Liens,  Fiona  carica. 
I  ieua. 

BY(  EPH'AXUS,  from  tw,  'with,'  'together,' 


SYCION 


888 


SYMPATHY 


and  Kt<pa\ri,  'head.'     A  monster  having  two  heads 
united  together. 

SY'CIOX,  (tvkiov,  from  ovkov,  'a  fig.'  A  decoc- 
tion of  dried  figs. 

SY'CIOS  ANGULA'TUS.  One-seeded  star 
encumber.  Wild  Bry'ony.  The  roots  and  seeds 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  Order,  Cucurbitaceae, 
nre  hitter,  purgative  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  in 
dropsy  in  the  same  cases  as  bryony. 

SYCI'TES,  from  ovkov,  '  a  fig.'  Wine,  in  which 
figs  have  been  infused. 

Sycites,  Catorchites. 

SYCOMA,  Ficus. 

SYCO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  A  tumour  of  the 
shape  of  a  fig.  Also,  a  fungous  ulcer.  A  horny 
excrescence  about  the  eyelids.  Dr.  Bateman 
defines  it : — an  eruption  of  inflamed  but  not  very 
hard  tubercles  occurring  on  the  bearded  portion 
of  the  face  and  on  the  scalp,  in  adults;  and 
usually  clustering  together  in  irregular  patches ; 
—  Phyma  Sycosis,  Rose'ola  pco'sa,  Acne  men'ta- 
<jra.  Of  this  he  has  given  two  species  :  1.  Syco- 
sis Jfenti,  S.  barbae,  Aten'tagra,  Menti'go,  ]rarns 
Men'tagra,  Mentagroph'yta,  Chimcelk,  Chinu-helk, 
Barber's  Itch,  (F.)  Dartre  pustufeuse  mentagre  : 
and,  2.  St/cosis  Capil'li,  S.  CapiUit"ii.  The 
treatment,  in  both  cases,  resembles  that  for  por- 
rigo  favosa. 

Sycosis,  Ficus. 

SYCUM,  Ficus. 

SYDERATIO,  Sideratio. 

SYLLEPSIS.  Conception. 

SYLLEPSTOLOG"IA,  from  ovWrUs,  'con- 
ception,' and  \oyos,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  conception. 

SYM,  SYX,  aw,  'with,  together/  like  the  cum, 
con,  col,  car,  &c,  of  the  Latins.  A  common 
prefix.  Before  b,  p,  ph,  ps,  and  m, — sym,  or 
scyn,  is  changed  into  sym  or  xym,  (com:)  before 
c.  ch,  g,  k.  and  x,  into  syn  or  scyn,  avy,  i-vy,  (con  j) 
before  I  into  syl  or  xyl,  (col ;)  before  r  into  syr  or 
xyr  (cor :)  and  before  s  into  sy  or  xy,  and  sys,  (co 
and  cos.) 

SYMBLEPHARON,  Ankvloblepharon. 

SYMBLEPIIARO'SIS,  Concre'tio  palpebra- 
rum cum  bulbo  oe'uli,  from  sym,  and  /3At0apov,  'an 
eyelid.'  A  preternatural  adhesion  between  the 
eyelids  ;  and  especially  between  the  upper  eyelid 
and  globe  of  the  eye. 

Symblepharosis.  Ankvloblepharon. 

SYMBOL,  Sym'bolum,'  Character,  (F.)  Carac- 
tere,  from  ovft(iciW<a  (aw,  and  /3aXAw,  '  I  throw'), 
•  I  compare.'  A  sign  or  representation  of  some- 
thing else. 

The  following  are  the  symbols  used  in  pre- 
scriptions : 

R,  Recipe.     See  R. 
gr.,   Granum,  a  grain. 
5,  Scrnpulus  seu  scrupulum,  a  scruple. 
£,  Drachma,  a  drachm. 
f,,    Uncia,  an  ounce, 
lb,  Libra,  a  pound, 
lft),   Libras,  pounds. 
TIL,  Minimum,  a  minim, 
f  £,  Fluidrachma,  a  fluidrachm. 
f  5,  Fhn'duncia,  a  fluidounce. 
0,    Octarius,  a  pint. 
C,  Congius,  a  gallon.     See  Abbreviation. 

SYMBOLS,  Commissure. 

SYMBOLEUSIS,  Consultation. 

SYMBOLISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLIZATIO,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLOGICA,  Symptomatology. 

SYMBOLUM,  Sympathy. 

SY  ME  TRIE,  Symmetry. 

SYMETBIQUE,  Symmetrical. 


SYM'MELES,  from  sym,  and   fit\os,  'an   ex- 
j.  tremity.'    Man' opus.    A  genus  of  monsters  whose 
extremities  are  joined  together:  Sirens.  —  I.  G. 
St.  Hilaire. 

SYMMETRIA,  Symmetry. 

SIMM  ET'RICAL,  Symmet'ricus,  av/ifieTpog, 
(F.)  Symetrique.  from  sym,  and  ^it(juv,  '  to  mea- 
sure.' An  epithet  given  to  those  parts  of  the 
body,  which,  if  seated  on  the  median  line,  may 
be  divided  into  two  equal,  and  perfectly  like 
halves;  or  which  —  if  situate,  the  one  to  the 
right,  the  other  to  the  left  of  this  line  —  have  a 
similar  conformation,  and  a  perfectly  analogous 
arrangement. 

Symmetrical  Diseases,  see  Symmetry. 

SYM'METRY,  Symmet'ria,  Commen' sum,  Mem- 
bro'rum  Om'nium  Competen'tia,  Propor'tio,  (F.) 
Symetrie.  The  regularity  in  form,  observed  in 
many  parts,  situate  on  the  median  line;  and, 
also,  the  resemblance  which  exists  between  many 
organs  that  are  situate  on  each  side  of  the  median 
line;  Bilateral  Symmetry.  Bichat  first  noticed 
that  this  symmetry  was  confined  to  the  organs 
of  animal  life;  as  the  head,  brain,  spine,  organs 
of  sense,  locomotion,  &c. 

It  has  been  affirmed — and  there  is  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  assertion  —  to  be  a  law  of  the 
animal  economy,  that  when  uninfluenced  by  dis- 
turbing agents,  all  general  or  constitutional  dis- 
eases affect  equally  and  similarly  the  correspond- 
ing parts  of  the  two  sides  of  the  body.  This  has 
been  called  the  Symmetry  of  Diseases;  and  the 
resulting  diseases  are  said  to  be  symmetrical, 

SYMMETRY  OF  DISEASES,  see  Symmetry. 

SYMPARATERESIS,  Observation. 

SYMPASMA,  Catapasma. 

SYMPATHESIS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHETIC,  Sympath'icus,  Sympatheti- 
ca, (F.)  Sympathique,  from  sym,  and  -a$og, 
'suffering.'  That  which  depends  on  sympathy. 
Sympathetic  affections  of  an  organ  are  those 
morbid  phenomena  that  supervene  without  any 
morbific  cause  acting  directly  on  it,  and  by  the 
reaction  of  another  organ  primarily  affected. 
Thus,  itching  of  the  nose  is  a  sympathetic  affec- 
tion, produced  by  irritation  in  the  intestinal 
canal. 

The  epithet  sympathetic  is,  also,  given  to  dif- 
ferent nerves.  See  Trisplanchnic,  Pneumogastric, 
and  Facial. 

Svmpathettc,  Great,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — s. 
Middle,  Pneumogastric — s.  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 

Sympathetic  Powder,  Pnlvis  sympathet'icus 
or  Poicder  of  Sympathy  of  Sir  Kenelme  Digby, 
was  composed  of  calcined  sulphate  of  iron,  pre- 
pared in  a  particular  manner.  It  was  long  sup- 
posed to  be  able  to  cure  a  wound,  if  applied  to 
the  weapon  that  inflicted  it;  or  even  to  a  portion 
of  the  bloody  clothes.  It  is  proper  to  remark, 
however,  that  the  wound  itself  was  carefully  ex- 
cluded from  the  air,  and  from  all  irritation. 

SYMPATHETICUS  MINOR,  Facial  nerve. 

SYMPATHETISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHIA.  Consent  of  parts. 

SYMPATHICUS.  Sympathetic. 

SYMPATHIQUE,  Sympathetic  —  *.  Xerf, 
Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

SY'M'PATHY,  Sympathi'a,  Sympathe'sis,  Corn- 
pas' sio,  Consensus,  Sympathetic mns,  Xympathi'a, 
Conflux' io.  Conspira'tio,  Commer'cium,  Consor- 
tium, Homoioj)<tthi'a,  Homoeth'nia,  Adclphix'is, 
Symbolis'mus,  Symboliza'tio,  Sym'bolum.  Same 
etymon.  The  connexion  that  exists  between  the 
action  of  two  or  more  organs,  more  or  less  dis- 
tant from  each  other;  so  that  the  affection  of  the 
first  is  transmitted,  secondarily,  to  the  others,  or 
to  one  of  the  others,  by  means  unknown.  A 
knowledge  of  the  particular  sympathies  between 


SYMPEPSIS 


SS9 


8YNCIPUT 


different  organs  throws  light  on  the  ettol 
and  the  particular  org 
ward-  which  oar  therapeutical  bndi  should  be 
direet'l.     See  [rritation. 
SYMPEPSIS,  Coetion. 
ncretion. 
-ion. 
MPHOREMA,  Congestion. 
SYMPIIORESIS,  Congest!  >n. 

'HORICAR'PUS  RAI  EMO'STJS,  SWow- 
be  mi:  from  a  .1 .  «etm,  'to  bear  together/ and  ■ 
<  fruit,'  >  rries.     An  indi- 

genous plant,  Order  CaprifoliaeesB,  Tribe  Loni- 
eeras,  whose  berries  are  large,  bright  white,  and 
remain  til!  winter:  flowering  from  June  i  - 
tenil»er.  The  root  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and 
a  used  in  ague;  and  by  the  Indians  in 
svplnlis. 

PHYIA,  Svmphvsis. 

Cepha- 
.  from  (Ti'^iw/s,  \aw,  and  eww,  'to  grow,) 
•  united  and  ».-<o<(A>;.  •head.'     A  mon- 

iu  which  twins  are  united  by  tho  head. 
PHYSEOT'OMY,    Symphyeot'omy,    Syn- 
it'omy,  Symphyieotom'ia,  Symphyniotom'ia, 
nd  rn/ioj.  '  I  cut.'     The  <■/»  ra- 
tion or  tectum  of  the  Symphytit,  Sigaultia 
tin, i    or    tection.      This    operation    is     performed 
with  the  riew  of  augmenting  the  diameter  of  the 
pelrie,  in  order  to  facilitate   delivery  in  certain 
faulty  conformation  of  that  cavity,  with 
g   of    the   head   ef    the   child   therein.      To 
perform  the  operation.  (F.)  <<■  .  the  fe- 

plaoed  on  berbaek;  the  pubes  is  Bbaved; 
ami.  with  a  Btrong  scalpel,  the  soft  parts  are  di- 
vide! on  the  median  line.  The  articulation  is 
then  cut.  As  soon  as  the  fibrous  parts,  which 
bold  tta  gether,  are  divided,  they  eepa- 

a  certain  distance  from  each  other:  and 
very  may  be  accomplished.     The  knife, 
with  which  the  operation  is  performed,  is  called, 
by  tli-  French,  Conteau  tympl 
BYMPHYS'IA,   from    ropptiw,    'to    prow   to- 
A  nialformation  consisting  in  the  union 
of  parts  that  are  usually  divided. —  Breschet. 
SYMPHYSIOTOMIA,  Symphyseotomy. 
BYM'PHYSIS,   Symphy'ia,    Coaleteen'tia,   Co. 
al'itnx,    ('•kiIW to,   (F.J    Symphytie,   from    (ru/jyuu 
(ffi'j',   •with,'  and    oimj.   '1    grow'),    <I    unite    to- 
gether.'    A   union   of  bones.      The  bond   of  such 
union.      The  aggregate  of  means  used  for  retain- 
ing hones  in  m'tit  in  the  articulations.      The  name 
symphysis  baa,  however,  been  more  particularly 
appropriated    to    certain    articulations;   as   to   the 
tymphytit  jiubix,  tacro-iliae  tymphytit,  A 
Mom 

Btm  I     mmissure,  Inser- 

tion—  s.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis  —  s.  Liga- 
ndesmosis  —  s.    <>>-iuiu    muscularis, 
Byssaroosis —  n.  Pubis,  Pabio  articulation. 
I  'IV,  Symphyseotomy. 
PHYTOS,  Hereditary. 
PHYTUM.     Same  etymon.     Symphytum 
officina'li  tea  album  sen  Bohe'micum,  Oonsol'idn 
major,  Comfrey,  Alum,  Alu»,  (Prov.)  Knit-back, 
tde,  Oreille*  d'dne.     Ord.  Bo- 
Sytt.    Pentandria    Monogynia. 
The  ro  >t«  of  this  European  plant  are  very  muci- 
ns, and  are  employed  as  emollients.      They 
are   used  in  deooetiOn   in   haemoptysis,  dysentery, 
chro'ii"  diarrhoea, 

dago   virgaures  —  s.    Album, 
vtum — s.    Bohemicum,  Symphytum  —  s. 
-a.  .Minus,  Prunella  —  s.  <  *  I  i  I  - 
einale,  Symphytum. 

Symphytum    iv.w  i.'cm.  Oori$  Mcmtpelien'tit, 
Mont  pel' Her  ('oris.    An  intensely  bitter  and  nau- 
kid  to  have  been  useful  in 
.icula. 


-  Y  V  PLOi  \  R  ''  1  a  ANGUSTISPATHA, 
Dracontium  angustispatha  — .-.  Foetida,  Dracon- 

timn  foetidum. 

SYMPOD'IA,  Monopad'ia,  from  eym,  ai 

t *« •  < •  t . "     A  monstrosity  in  wbich  there  is 
nee  of  the  lower  extn  tnities. 
SYMPTOM,  Sympto'ma,  Ac  •  /<■'.  »»,  Catut,  from 
hi/ m.  and  KTVfia,  'a  fall,'  from  n-ruj,  '  I  fall.'     Any 

obnnge,   perceptible  to  the  sense.-  in  any  organ 
or  function,  which    is  connected  with  morbific  in- 
fluence.     It    is    hy  the   aggregate   and    sin. 
of  symptoms  thai  a  disease  is  detected.    The  term 
tymptomt   of  symptom*    has    been    used    for    the 
which  result  from  the  symptoms   of  a   dis- 
bul  which  effects  are  not  essentially  con- 
nected with  the  disease  itself.    Thus,  the  debility 
from  the  frequency  of  evacuations  in  dys- 
entery is  a  symptom  of  symptom.-'.     Symptom,  at 
one    time,    was    generally    used    in    the    same 
sense   as   si,/, i  •   hut  with   many,  perhaps  most, 
of  the  present  day.  the  formi  i  a  func- 

tional or  vital  phenomenon  of  disease,  whilst 
the  latter  is  applied  to  that  which  is  more  directly 
physical;  —  and  hence  the  expressions  functional 
or  vital  phenomena  or  $ymptonie,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  phyeieal  tiyut  afforded  hy  ausculta- 
tion, percussion,  Ac.     See  Sign. 

SYMPTOMA  TURPITUDINIS,  Nympho- 
mania. 

SYMPTOMATIC,  Symptomat'ieue,  (F.)  Symp- 
tomatique.     That  which    is  a  symptom  of  Borne 
other  affection.    Thus  we  speak  of  a  symptomatic 
.  in  opposition  to  one  that  is  idiopathic. 

SYMPTOM ATOGRAPHY,  Semeiogrnphy. 

S  Y  M  V  T  <  I  M  A  T  OL'OGY,  Symptomatolog"iat 
SymboU>g"ica,  from  tymptoma,  and  \oyog,  '  it 
treatise.'  The  branch  of  pathology,  the  object 
of  which  is  the  knowledge  of  symptoms. 

BYMPTO'SIS,  from  tym,  and  r<Tru>,  -I  fall.' 
Depression  or  collapse,  emaciation  or  atrophy, 
either  of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part. 

SYX.  Sym. 

SYN.KKKMA.  Corrugation. 

SYN.F/flnN,  Concausa. 

SYNANCHE,  Cynanche,  Cvnanche  tonsillaris. 

STNANOIE,  Cynanche. 

BYNAPHYMENITIS,  see  Ophthalmia. 

BYNAPTASE,  see  Amygdalin. 

SYNARTHRODIA,  Synarthrosis. 

SYNARTHRO'DIAL,  Synarthrodia' lit,  from 
tyn,  and  «/^w<r($,  'articulation.'  That  wbich 
belongs  to  synarthrosis;  as  Synarthrodial  articu- 

SYNARTHRO'SIS,  Synarthrodia,  Abarticu- 
la'tio,  Coarticuln'tio.    An  immovable  articulation. 

Synarthrosis  includes  three  species:  Suture, 
Harmony,  and  Oomphotit. 

BYNATHR0ES1S,  Congestion. 
LTHROISMUS,  Congestion. 

SYNCAN'THUS,    from    tyn,   and    KavOos,    'tho 
corner  of  the  eye.'     A  morbid  adhesion  b< 
be  of  the  eye  ;ind  the  orbit. 

SYNCHONDROSIS,  Sym'phytit  sen  Cop'nla 
-'ii  Connex'ia  cartifagiu'ea,  Chondrotyndetm' ut, 
from  tyn,  and  ^ovo/jos,  'a  cartilage.'  I  nion  or 
articulation  of  bones  by  means  of  cartilage: — as 
the  articulations  of  the  ribs  with  the  sternum,  by 
means  of  their  cartilages  of  prolongation 

SYNCH  ON  DROTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYNOHRONIUS,  Synohronoua. 

BYN'CH  RONOUS,  Syn'ehronva,  Synehron'iut, 
Itoch' ronout,  from  *;//*.  and   yoovot,  '  time.' 
Which  Oecurs  at  the  same  time.      'J'hus  the  pulsa- 
an  artery  are  said  to  he  BynobronOUS  with 

81  NCHRONUS,  Bynchroi 9. 

BYNCHYB]  i  —  s.   Sparkling,   Con- 

rasio. 
BYNCIPUT,  Sinciput 


SYXCLOXESIS 


890 


SYNOCHUS 


BYNCLONESIS,  Synclonus. 
SYN'CLONUS,  Synclone'aia,  from  cvyicXovzu, 
(aw,  and  kUvlw,  'I  shake,')  'I  shake  together.' 
Tremulous,  simultaneous,  and  chronic  agitation 
of  various  muscles,  especially  -when  excited  by 
the  will;  Gton'ici  universa'les,  Clonus,  (Young.) 
Also,  general  spasm,  spus'mus  universa' lit.  See 
Tremor,  Chorea,  <tc. 

Synclonus  Ballismus,  Paralysis  agitans  —  s. 
Beriberia,  Beriberi  —  s.  Chorea,  Chorea — s.  Ra- 
phania,  Raphania  —  s.  Saltans,  Chorea  —  s.  Tre- 
mor, Tremor. 

SYNCOMIS'TUS,  from  ovYko^i^,  (ow,  and 
icofiifa,)  'I  bring  together.'  Autop'gros,  Pants 
domes' tietut,  secundaria*,  eiba'rius,  confusa'neus. 
Bread  of  the  whole  wheat,  or  of  the  unsifted 
meal.  Household  bread.  Also  a  cataplasm  made 
of  the  same. 

SYX'COPAL,  Syncopa'lis,  Syncop'ticus,  Syn- 
eop'tus.  Same  etymon  as  Syncope  ;  as  Syn' copal 
Fever,  Febris  Syucopa'lis.  A  pernicious  inter- 
mittent, characterized  by  repeated  attacks  of 
syncope. 

SYX'COPE,  from  ovyKoizTu,    (ow,  and    kotttoj, 
'to    fall,')    'I    fall    down.'     An'imi  defec'tio  seu 
deli'quium,     Leipopsych'ia,     Lipopsych'ia,     Ap- 
sych'ia,     Apsyx'ia,     Lipsis    An'imi,     Asphyx'ia, 
Apopsych'ia,   Lipothym'ia,  Leipothym'ia,   Lipos- 
phyx'ia,  Eclips'is,   Su'bitus    animi    casus,  Anen- 
cephaloha?'mia,     Ap'sychy,      Sicoon,     Swooning, 
Fainting,    Fainting    jit,     Faintness,     Exolu'tion, 
(Sc.)     Drow,     Dualm,     Swarf,     Swerf,     Swarth,  II 
(Prov.)  Fower,   Swebbing,  Siceeming,  Swounding, 
Sound,    (F.)    Evanouissement,    Def alliance,    Pa-   I 
moison.     Complete  and,  commonly,  sudden   loss 
of  sensation  and  motion,  wuth  considerable  dimi- 
nution, or  entire  suspension  of  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  and  the  respiratory  movements.  Syncope  | 
is,   commonly,   an  affection  of  no  consequence;  j 
but.  sometimes,  it  is  an  index  of  diseased  heart.  \\ 
Placing   the   patient  in  the  horizontal   posture 
sprinkling  cold  water  over  the  face,  and  the  ap 
plication  of  volatile  substances  to  the  nose,  are 
all  that  will  be  required  during  the  fit.     See  As- 
phyxia, and  Suffocation. 

An  approach  to  this  condition  is  termed  faint- 
ishness  ;  and  the  person  is  said  to  be  faint,  (Prov.) 
Stoeemish. 

Syncope  Angens,  Angina  pectoris  —  s.  Angi- 
nosa,  Angina  pectoris. 

SYXCOPTICUS,  Syncopal. 
SYXCOPTUS,  Syncopal. 
SYXCRITICA,  Astringents. 
SYXDACTYLUS,  Aschistodactylus. 
SYXDESMI'TIS,  see  Ophthalmia.     Also,  in- 
fiammation  of  articular  ligaments  ;  Infiamma'tio 
ligamento'rum,  from  syndesmos,  *  ligament,'  and 
tits,  denoting  inflammation. 

BYNDESMOG '  RAPHY,  Syndesmograph'ia, 
from  syndesmos,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypatpn,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  description  of  the  ligaments.  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  ligaments. 

SYXDESMOL'OGY,  Syndesmolog"ia,  from 
syndesmos,  'a  ligament,'  and  \oyog,  'a  treatise, 
discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  ligaments. 

SYXDES'MO-PHARYNGE'US.    A  fasciculus 
of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  superior. 
SYNDESMOS,  Ligament. 

SYNDESMOSIS,  Synnenro'sis,  Synyme'nesis, 
Connex'io  seu  Sym'physis  ligamento'sa,  Commis'- 
su'ra  ner'vea,  Connerv<i'tio,  Colliga'tio,  from  syn- 
desmos, '  ligament.'  The  articulation  of  two  or 
more  bones  by  means  of  ligament; — as  of  the 
radius  with  the  ulna. 

SYNDESMOT'OMY,     Syndesmotom'ia,    from 
Byndesmo»,  'ligament,'  and  refivu),  'I  cut  or  dis- 
sect.'    Dissection  of  the  ligaments. 
SYNDESMUS,  Bandage,  Ligament. 


SYX'DROME,  from  syn,  and  Spo nog,  'a  course.' 
Concur'sus,  Concourse.  A  name  given  by  the 
Empirical  Sect  to  the  union  of  symptoms  which 
takes  place  in  diseases : — Syndrome  pletho'rica, 
for  example,  meant  the  union  of  symptoms  pro- 
duced by  plethora. 

SYNDYASMUS,  Coition. 

SYXECHES,  see  Continued  fever. 

SYXECHI'A,  from  syn,  and  tvav,  'to  have,'  or 
'  to  hold.'  Adhesion  between  the  iris  and  trans- 
parent cornea,  or  between  the  iris  and  crystalline 
lens.  The  former  case  is  called  Synechia  ante'- 
rior  ;  the  latter,  S.  poste'rior. 

SYXEXERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNE RG IE,  Synergy. 

SY^X'ERGY",  Synergi'a,  Synenergi'a,  (F.)  Sy- 
nergie ;  from  syn,  and  tpyov,  '  work.'  A  correla- 
tion or  concourse  of  action  between  different  or- 
gans in  health  ;  and,  according  to  some,  in  disease. 
-  SYXESIS,  Intellect. 

SYNEDROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYXEZI'SIS,  Synize'sis,  Considen'tia,  from 
syn,  and  fyvyvvuv,  'to  join.' 

Synkzi'SIS  Pupill'  JE,,Parop' 'sis  Synizesis,CaW- 
go  d  Synizesi,  Callgo  seu  Imperfora'lio  seu  Phth i- 
sis  papilla,  Amyo'sis,  Closure  or  occlu' sion  or  ob- 
literation of  the  Pupil.  This  disease  is  sometimes 
a  faulty  conformation,  depending  upon  the  con- 
tinued existence  of  the  membrana  pupillaris,  or 
the  absence  of  the  pupil.  It  is,  in  other  words, 
congenital.  At  other  times,  it  is  owing  to  acci- 
dent, and  supervenes  on  violent  ophthalmia,  or 
on  the  operation  for  cataract.  They  who  are 
affected  with  synezizis  are  completely  blind  :  the 
iris  having  no  central  aperture.  In  certain  cases, 
a  remedy  may  be  obtained  by  making  an  opening 
in  the  iris,  which  may  supply  the  place  of  the 
pupil,  and  through  which  the  rays  of  light  may 
reach  the  retina.  This  operation  is  called  the 
o2jeration  for  artificial  pupil. 

SYNGENES,  Hereditary. 

SYNGENICUS,  Congenital. 

SYNHYMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIZESIS,  Considentia,  Synezisis. 

SYXXEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYX'OCHA,  from  owe^u),  (ow,  and  r^w,  'I 
have  or  hold,')  'I  continue.'  Inflam'matorg  or 
Eynam'ic  Fever,  Angioji'yra,  Stheuop'yra,  Ftbris 
causo'dcs  seu  caumato'des  seu  deu'rens  seu  ardens 
seu  contin'ua  sanguin'ea  seu  con  tin' ua  non  putris 
seu  acmas'tiea  seu  acu'ta  seu  acu'ta  sanguin'ea 
seu  con'tinens  seu  continens  non  pu'trida  seu  an- 
gioten'ica  seu  sthenica  seu  sanguin'ea  seu  iv- 
fiammato'ria,  Homot'onos,  Syn'ochus  (Yogel),  S. 
impu'tris  (Galen),  Ene'cia  cavma  seu  ton'ica, 
Pldogop'yrus,  Cauma,  Calentura  continua,  (F.) 
Fievre  ardent e  ou  continente  inflammatoire  ou 
sanguine  ou  irritative  ou  angeiotenique  ou  tn- 
flammatoire,  Gastro-enterile  intense ;  General  in- 
flammation. A  species  of  continued  fever,  cha- 
racterized by  increased  heat;  and  by  quick, 
strong,  and  hard  pulse;  urine  high-coloured ;  dis- 
turbance of  mind  slight.  It  requires,  of  course, 
the  most  active  treatment. 

Synocha  Rheumatica,  Rheumatism,  acute — s. 
Yaccina,  Yaccina. 

SYX'OCHAL,  Synocha'lis;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to,  or  having  the  characters  of,  synocha. 

SY'X'OCHUS,  Ene'cia  syn'ochus,  Febris  lentn, 
(Linnaeus,)  same  etymon.  Continued  fever,  com- 
pounded of  synocha  and  typhus  : — in  its  com- 
mencement often  resembling  the  former:  in  its 
progress,  the  latter :  Mixed  fever,  Common  con- 
tinued fever,  Syn' ochoid  fever.  See  Continued 
fever,  Fever,  and  Typhus. 

Synochus,  Synocha — s.  Biliosa.  Fever,  gastric, 
Fever,  bilious — s.  Catarrhalis,  Influenza — s.  Icte- 


SYXOLCE 


801 


SYIMIILIS 


•.  yellow  —  s.  Imputris,  Bynocha —  s. 
Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — s.  Varicella,  Varicella. 
KOLCE,  Spasm. 
BY  \"M  \.  Synovia. 

BY  N I  >>T EOG'RA PHY.  Synoeteogra'phia,  from 
ay n,   oariov,  .    '  I    describe.' 

rt  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  joints. 
SYNOSTEOL'OGY,  Synosteolog"ia,  ft 

.<.•,'  ami  Au;jj-,  'a  treatise.'     A  brea- 
the joint*. 

is,    from    syn,    ami 
ootcoi  ,  •  i  b  m  '.'     Union  by  means  of  bone. 

fo,  from  tyn, 
'with,'    orrtov,    'a    bone,    and    rtsvsmv,    'to    cut.* 

ti f  the  joints. 

ISTOSIS,  S 

SYNO'VIA,    from    tyti,    and    ttsm,    'an     egg.' 

ifucila'go,    Uu'gnen  Beu  Wugnen'tum  sen  «S 

articula're,  Syiio'nia,  Axuit'gia  articula'ris,  Muci- 

articulo'riim  sen  junctnra'ntm,  Humor  arti- 

cula'ris,  Hydrartkrus,  Humor  ten  Hn'midnmnaH'- 

1  irticulo'rum,  Arthrohydri 

Synovie.  A  Quid  resemblingtbe  white  of  egg,  which 
iled  by  the  synovial  membranes  surround- 
ing the  moveable  articulations.    The  synovia  has 
been  found,  .  to  consist  of  water,  albu- 

men, soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  —  Fourcroy  fancied  —  uric  acid.  Its  use  is 
to  lubricate  the  joints,  and  the  sheaths  in  which 
tendons 

S  v  N I  >'  V  I  \  L.  Synovia'lU.  That  whioh  relates 
to  the  synovia. 

vial  Glands,  Havers'*  Gland*,  Gland'ula 

artiar  seu  iS  u  Haversia'«G,  are 

retory  fringes,  winch  float  in  the  interior 

of   the  synovial   capsules   (see   Capsules.)      They 

hilar.      They  have  been 

called  Si/in,' rial  ji m' bri(P,  {¥ .)  1 

SYNOVI'TIS,  from   Synovia,  and   iria,  a  ter- 
mination denoting  inflammation.     A  term,  badly 
compounded,  applied    at    times  to  inflammation 
of  the  synovial  membrane,  arthrophlogo'sia  syno- 
VYhen  it  affects  the  bursa,  it  is,  souie- 
called  Bursi'tis, 
SYNOVITIS    Kiii.imatismalis,    Rheumatism, 
(acute.) 

Bl  N'T  ^SIS,  nvrmris,  from  avirctvu>,  (aw,  and 
rent*,  *  I  stretch.')  '1  strain.'  Tension  of  parts  : 
bence  ovrranra.  are  medicines  which  render  parts 
tense.  Syutex'is,  on  the  other  hand,  meant 
qua'tio,  ur  wasting  of  the  body;  from  cwrnKui, 
'  1  melt  together.' 

TAXI.-.  Articulation,  Reduction,  Taxis— 
ure. 
BYNTECOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

NTEC1  YCOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 
BYNTENO'SIS,  from  tyn,  and  rtvwv,  'a  ten- 
don.1  of  articulation  in   which  two 

ure  joined  by  means  of  tendon  j  as  I : 
n  oid   hones   with    the   toes,  the   rotula   with  the 

BYNTERESTS,  Prophylaxis. 

BYNTERETICU8,  Prophylactic. 

BYNTEXIS,  Colliquation,  Consumption,  see 
Bj  ntai 

BYN1  BENA.  A  term  employed  by  Paracel- 
•  of  epilepsy,  accompanied 
by  cardialgia  and  tormina. 

SYN'THESIS,  Reu'nio,  'composition  or  put- 
ting together,'  from  tyn,  and  ti}>uu,  '  I  place.'  A 
I  operation,  which  consists  in  aniting parts 
thai  arc  divided;  and  approximating  Mich  as  arc 
separated  or  distant  from  each  other.  Reu'nio 
ji'ir' tin  in  teparata' rum,  Syn'thesit  of  eontinu'ity, 
means  the  union  of  the  edges  of  a  wound,  or  the 

limation    of  the   extremities  of  a    fractured 

Synthesis  of  couh'gu'ity   is  the  reduction 

of  displaced  organs;  as  in  easel  of  hernia  and 
luxatiuus. 


■  nasis,  Composition. 
SYNTBLETIS'MUS,   same   etymon.       The  eg- 

of  operations   and    means   for  red 
fracture,  and  maintaining  it  reduced:  —  eompris- 

tension,  counter-extension,  coaptation,  and 
bands 

SI  N  rONINB,  see  Fibrin. 

BYNTRIMMA,  Contritio. 

SI  N  l  Klhs is.  Contritio. 

SI  NTROPHOS,  (  onnutritas. 

B1  N  I   I.'  >SIS,   Cicatrization. 

Bl  NULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia, 

Bl  M  SIA,  Coiti  m. 

S V  N  V  .M  E 'NES1 S.  Synhyme'nenB,  Synime'ne- 
sis,  from  »yn,  aid  'v/tnv,  'a  membrane.1  Union 
of  bones   by  membrane,  as   in  the  ease  of  tho 

bones  "f  the  head  in  the  foetUB. 

Bi  m  mi  m  bis,  Syndesmosis. 
BYPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

8  Y I'll  11. IDES,  Syphili'da,  (F.)  Dermo. 
lidet,    Dermatome*   vtroleuee*.     Same  etymon   as 
Syphilis.     The  cutaneous  eruptions  thai  accom- 
pany constitutional   syphilis  are  so  denominated 
by  the  French  writers. 
"  SYPHILIDIA'TER,  Syphilidia'tme,  fri 
pln'/ix,  and  tarpos,  'a  physician.'     A  pox  doctor. 
One  who  occupies  himself  in  treating  Bypbilis. 

BYPHILIDOMANIA,  Syphilomania. 

SYPHILIPHO'BIA,  from  Syphilie  and  tfo/3„c, 
'dread.'  A  morbid  dread  of  syphilis,  giving  rise 
to  fancied  symptoms  of  the  disease  :  a  form  of  hy- 
pochondriasis. 

SYPH'ILIS,  S.  venerea  sen  malig'na,  Siphi- 
lie,  Syphilis'mus,  Caehex'ia  sen  Cacochym'ia  1  •- 
ne'rtu,  Milium  vene' reum,  Puden'dagra,  Me'vium, 
Lues,  L.  vene'rea  seu  syphilis,  Jim  bus  Gal'licu* 
sen  Ttal'icuB  seu  Hiapan'ieue  seu  Neapoh'ta'uuB 
seu  In'dicuB  seu  aphrudi*'iuss  Paturea,  Baaili*'- 
cub,  How,  Sod'oma  Gallo'rum  ;  Venereal,  1 
rial  Disease,  I '"'■,  French  J 'ox,  French 
French  Distemper,  Foul  Disease,  old  cant  term, 
Grincomea,  (Prov.)  Pip  (So.)  Glengore,  Gleugnur, 
Grandgore,  (F.)  Virole,  Maladie  vfnfrienne,  Mai 
de  Naples,  Mai  Franca  is,  Maladie  lie  Villus, 
The  etymology  of  syphilis  is  unknown.  Some 
consider  it  to  proceed  from  m>s,  'a  hog,'  and 
<pi\cu),  'I  love;'  others,  from  aw,  'with,'  and 
<pi\tm,  'I  love;'  and  others,  with  more  proba- 
bility, from  c«p\os,  —  formed,  by  contraction, 
from  ai-rraXoi, — *  a  reproach,'  Ac.  It  is  an  infec- 
tious disease,  communicable  by  coition,  or  by  the 
contact  of  parts  that  are  only  lined  with  a  thin 
epidermis;  as  the  lips,  nipple,  «£c.  It  generally 
make.-  its  first  appearance  by  a  chancre,  followed 
sooner  or  later  by  a  bubo.  The  chancre  is  a  pri- 
mary By mp torn  or  sore:  but,  there  are  Others 
which  are  secondary  or  constitutional.  These 
are:  —  ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper- coloured 
blotches  on  the  skin  ;  pains  in  the  bones,  l 
«ic. :  the  last  are  sometimes  termed  tertiary  phe- 
nomena. The  origin  of  syphilis  is  not  known. 
It  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  into 
Europe  from  America,  at  the  end  of  the  15th 
century  [?].  Its  progress  is  extremely  variable, 
as  well  as  its  duration,  which  is  often  unlimited, 
if  left  to  itself.  Mercury  may  be  esteem 
best  remedy,  but  thi  ImitS  of  Cure  with- 

out it.  Almost  every  antisyphililic  composition, 
whose  use  is  attended  with  BUOCeSB,  probably  con- 
tains mercury  united  with  diaphoretics  or  other 
medicines.  It  is  generally  sufficient  to  keep  the 
mouth  sore  for  a  fortnight  for  the  cure  of  chancre  : 
for  venereal  sore  throat,  and  other  recent  consti- 
tutional   symptoms   eight    or    ten    weeks    will    be 

required;  and,  of  course,  a  longer  time,  if  these 
Bymptoms   have    persisted    1":  times, 

after  mercury   has    been    given    for  a    time,   the 
symptoms  continue  stationary;   and  do  not  yield 
i,  until    tho   mercury    has    been    discontinued,  and 


SYPIIILISATIOX 


802 


SYRUP 


tonics  and  eutrophics  have  been  administered.  || 
The  preparations  of  iodine  have  been  much  used, 
of  late,  in  the  revellent  treatment  of  this  disease. 
Syphilis  Indica.  Frambcesia. 
Syphilis  Pseudo-Syphilis,  Lues  Syphilo'des, 
Pseudo-syphilis.  A  term  given  to  ulcers  or  other 
affections  tbat  resemble  syphilis,  but  are  inde- 
terminate  in  their  character,  —  the  symptoms 
being  irregular  in  their  appearance,  and  usually 
yielding  spontaneously,  or  under  the  use  of  tonics, 
change  of  air.  &c.  The  condition  has  not  been 
at  all  well  defined.  The  Si  wens,  Radesyye,  <fcc, 
have  been  referred  to  this  head. 

SY  I'll  [LISA  TIOX,  Svphilization. 
SYPHILISMUS,  Syphilis. 
SYPIIILIT'IC,     Syphiliticus,    (F.)    Syphilit- 
iqne,  Virolique,  Yerole.    Belonging,  or  relating  to 
syphilis  — as  '  a  syphilitic  ulcer.' 

SYPHILIZA'TION,  Syphilisa'tio,  (F.)  Syphi- 
lisation.  Saturation  of  the  system  by  inoculation 
with  the  matter  of  syphilis.  It  has  been  used  as 
a  curative  procedure  in  syphilis,  as  well  as  a  pre- 
ventive of  that  disease;  aud  for  the  cure  of  other 
cachexia?,  as  cancer. 

SYPHILODERM'A,  from  syphilis,  and  Sep/ia, 
'skin.'  A  cutaneous  eruption  of  a  syphilitic 
character.  —  E.  Wilson. 

SYPllILOG'RAPHER,  from  syphilis,  and 
yp'Kpu,  '  I  describe.'     A  writer  on  syphilis. 

Si'PH'ILOID,  Syphiloi'des  ;  from  syphilis, 
and eiiog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  syphilis, — 
as  'a  syphiloid  affection.' 

SYPlf  ILOMA'XIA,  Syphilidoma'nia,  —  vul- 
garly, Noddle  Pox.  A  mania,  with  which  some 
persons  are  affected,  so  that  they  subject  them- 
selves to  antivenereal  treatment,  under  the  erro- 
neous impression  that  they  are  affected  with 
syphilis. 

SYPHITA,  Somnambulism. 
SYPHOAURICULARIS,  Otenchytes. 
SYPHON,  see  Siphon. 

SYRIGMOPHO'XIA,  from  cvptynos,  'piping,' 
and  <pwr,,  '  voice.'     A  piping  state  of  the  voice. 
SYRiGMUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SYRIXGA,  Eustachian  Tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea  —  s.  Clysmatica,  Syringe,  (Clyster.) 

SYRIN'GA  Vulga'ris,  Lilac  vulga'ris,  Common 
Lilac.  Ord.  Oleacea?.  The  leaves  and  fruit  are 
bitter  and  somewhat  acrid,  and  have  been  used 
as  tonics  and  antiperiodics. 

SYRIX(jlE,  Syr'inx,  Syrin'ga,  Sipho  Siphun'- 
culns.  Squirt,  (F.)  Seringue,  from  <xvpiy£,  avpiyyos, 
'a  pipe.'  A  familiar  apparatus  through  which 
any  liquor  is  injected. 

Various  forms  of  syringe  are  used  in  medicine 
and  surgery. 

Syringe,  Clyster,  Syrin'ga  clysynat'ica,  Clys- 
antli'um,  (F.).  Clysopompe.  A  syringe  for  ad- 
ministering clysters. 

Syringe,  Cupping,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 
SYRINGES  AERIFERI,  see  Bronchia. 
SYRIXGICUS,  Fistulous. 
SYRIXGPTIS    EUSTA'CHII,   Inflammation 
of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SYRIXGMOS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SYRIXGOBES,  Fistulous. 

SYRIXGOTOME,  Syringot'omus,  Syringot'- 
omiun,  from  avpiy[.  cvpiyyog,  'a  pipe,'  'a  fistula,' 
and  rzuveiv,  'to  cut.'  A  surgical  instrument,  for- 
merly used  in  the  operation  for  fiat nla  in  ano.  It 
is  a  bistouri,  concave  at  its  edge,  and  terminated 
by  a  long,  flexible,  probe-pointed  stylet.  This 
stylet  or  probe  was  first  introduced  by  the  ex- 
ternal opening  of  the  fistula  into  the  rectum, 
whence  it  was  drawn  externally  through  the 
anus,  carrying  with  it  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
instrument,  which  divided  the  intermediate 
parts. 


SYRIXGOT'OMY,  Syringotom'ia.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  last.  The  operation  for  fistula  in  ano 
by  incision. 

SYRIXX,  Eustachian  tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea  —  s.  Uieia,  Vertebral  column. 

SYRMAIS'MOS,  from  cvpnaifa,  '  I  evacuate.' 
A  gentle  evacuation  by  vomiting  or  stool. 

SYROP,  Syrup  — s.  a  Ail,  Syrupus  allii  —  s. 
d'Armoise  compose,  Syrupus  aromaticus  —  *.  de 
Chicoree  compose,  Syrupus  de  cichorio  composi- 
tus — s.  des  Cinq  rarities,  Syrupus  e  quinque  ra- 
dicihus — s.  de  Coquelicot,  Syrupus  rhceados — s.de 
Cuisinier,  Syrupus  de  sarsaparilla  et  senna,  com- 
positus — 8.  d' Ether,  Syrupus  cum  aethere  sulphu- 
rico  paratus — s.  de  GiugemLre,  Syrupus  zingibe- 
rs —  s.  de  Guimauve,  Syrupus  althaeas  —  s.  de 
Longne  vie,  Mellitum  de  mercuriali  compositum — 
s.  de  Mercure,  Syrupus  de  mercurio  media  nte  gum- 
mi — s.  de  Mou  de  oeau,  see  Syrupus  zingiberis — s. 
de  Mures,  Syrupus  mori — s.  de  Nerprilu,  Syrupus 
rhamni  —  s.  de  Pavots  blancs,  Syrupus  papaveris 
— 8.  de  Pommes  compose,  see  Syrupus  senna1  —  •*. 
de  Quinquina  avec  le  Yin,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina, 
cum  vino  —  s.  de  Roses  pules,  Syrupus  rosa?  —  s, 
de  Roses  rouges,  Syrupus  rosa? —  s.  de  Yinaigrc, 
S.  aceti. 

SYRUP,  Sirup,  Syr'upus,  Serapi'um,  Serape'- 
um,  (F.)  Syrop,  Sirop,  Soccharole  liquide.Savchar- 
hydrole ;  derived,  according  to  some,  from  avpw,  'I 
draw.'  and  ozos,  'juice  ;'  but  more  probably,  from 
the  Arabic  Siruph,  Sirab,  or  Schara b,  which  sig- 
nifies '  a  potion.'  A  saturated  solution  of  sugar 
in  water,  either  simply,  or  united  with  some 
vegetable  or  other  principle.  Syrups,  in  general, 
require  two  pounds  of  sugar  to  the  pint,  and  they 
are  judged  to  be  sufficiently  boiled  when  a  por- 
tion, taken  up  in  a  spoon,  flows  like  oil.  In  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed, 
that  syrups,  whose  density  is  not  precisely  deter- 
mined by  the  process,  should  have  the  s.  g.  1*261 
when  boiling,  and  about  1*319  at  ordinary  tem- 
peratures. Syrups  should  be  kept  in  small  bot- 
tles in  a  cool  place.  They  are  chiefly  used  to 
render  medicines  palatable.  See  Syrupus  sim- 
plex. 

Syrup  of  Almonds,  Syrupus  amygdala?. 

Syrup,  Antiscorbutic,  Syrupus  antiscorbu- 
ticus  —  s.  Balsamic,  Syrupus  tolutanus. 

Syrup  of  Buckthorn,  Syrupus  rh^amni — s.  of 
Calf's  lungs,  see  Syrupus  zingiberis — s.  of  Capil- 
laire,  common,  Syrupus  simplex — s.  of  Cinchona 
with  wine,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina.  cum  vino  —  s. 
of  Cinchonia,  Syrupus  cinchoniee  —  s.  of  Citric 
acid,  Syrupus  acidi  citrici  ■ —  s.  of  Clove  July 
flower,  Syrupus  earyophylli  rubri  —  s.  of  Clove 
pinks,  Syrupus  Caryopkylli  rubri  —  s.  of  Cochi- 
neal, Syrupus  cocci  —  s.  of  Emetine-,  Syrupus 
emetina? —  s.  of  Ether,  Syrupus  cum  a?there  sul- 
phurico  paratus  —  s.  of  Five  roots,  Syrupus  e 
quinque  radicibus — s.  of  Garlic,  Syrupus  allii — s. 
of  Ginger,  Syrupus  zingiberis — s.  of  Gum  Arabic, 
Syrupus  acaciae, 

Syrup,  Hive,  Syrupus  scillse  compositus. 

Syrup  of  Honey,  Mellitum  simplex — s.  of 
Iodide  of  iron.  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi  —  s.  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha, S37rupus  ipecacuanha?  —  s.  of  Jalap, 
Syrupus  jalapa?  —  s.  of  Lemon,  Syrupus  liino- 
I  nis  —  s.  of  Marshmallow,  Syrupus  althaea? — ■ 
s.  of  Meadow  saffron,  Syrupus  colchici  au- 
tumnalis  —  s.  of  acetate  of  Morphia.  Syrupus 
morphia?  acetatis — s.  of  muriate  of  Morphia,  Sy- 
rupus morphiaa  muriatis  —  s.  of  Mug  wort,  com- 
pound, Syrupus  aromaticus  —  s.  of  Mulbtrries, 
Syrupus  mori  —  s.  of  Orange  juice,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii — s.  of  Orange  peel,  Syrupus  aurantii — i. 
of  Orgeat,  Syrupus  amygdala? — s.  ofPoppks.  Sy- 
i  rupus  papaveris — s.  of  Poppy,  red,  Syrupus  rhoe- 
J  ados — s.  of  Quinia,  Syrupus  quinia? — s.  of  Rhu- 


SYRUPU3 


B  Y  11  ! 


tnnv,  Byrupua  krameriss — s.  of  Rhubarb,  Syrapua 
lubarb,  aromatic,  Byrupua  ri. 
-  —  s.  of  Rhnbar  .  .   Syrupua    rhei 

aromaticua  -  -a.  of 

•a.  of  Saffron, 

Byrupua  croci — a.  of  Saraaparilla,  Syrapui  sarea- 

parillae — a.  of  Saraaparilla  and  senna,  oouipound, 

Byrupua  de  BarsaparillB  et  senna  oompositua —  a. 

apound,  sea  Syrupua  da  sar- 

saparilla'  et  senna,  compositus — s.  of  Saraaparilla, 

Indian,  Byrupua  bemideami  —  a.  of  Soammony, 

Byrupua    de    acammoniaB  —  s.  of    Seneka,    Sj  - 

b  —  b.  of  Senna,  Syrupua  aennaa  —  a. 

!,  Syrupua  8implex  —  s.  of  Squill,  Syrupua 

eoillae  —  a.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupua  soillss 

compositus  —  b.  of  Succory,  compound,  Syrupua 

de  cichorio  compositua — a.  of  Tola,  Syrupua  tola- 

tanas — s.  of  Vinegar,  Syrupua  aeeU  —  a  ofVio- 

rupua  violas — a.  of  Wild  cherry  bark,  8y- 

rupus  Pruni  Virginianae. 

.   '     :         3,  S.    Mill], lex. 
StRDPCS  Aca'CI  .v..  Symp  of  Gum  Anil'-  . 

cicp.  ,^ij.  Saechar.  -§xv,  Aq.  f.^viij.     Dissolve  the 
pram  in   the  water;  add   the  sugar,  and  strain. 

.  S.J    A  good  pectoral  syrup.     Dose,  f^j  to 

Byri  ..  8.  Ae"idi  Aeeto'si,  Syrup  of 

Vinegar,  (V.)  Syrop  de  Vinaigre,     (Aceti  Oiiss, 

pari/,  tbiiias.     Boil  to  form  a  syrup.     PA. 

is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.     Duse,  f  5Jj 

to  fjij. 

PUfl  Acini  Acetosi,  S.  aeeti. 
Syropos  A.  "idi  Cit'rici,  Syntp  of  Citric  Acid, 
eitri e.  pulv.  Jij ;   OL  Limon.  XPjLr ;  Syrup. 
Rub  the  acid  and  oil  with  an   ounce  of  the 
syrup  ;  add  the  rest  of  the  syrup,   and  dissolve 
with  a  gentle  heat  Ph. U.S.)     Virtues  the  same 
the  Syrupua  Limonia. 
pua  com  JE'thkrI  Sulphu'ricq   P  \y.  \- 
-   rup  of  Ether,  (P.)  Syrup  Either.     (Very 
gar,  1000  p.  ;  dirtWed  water,  500  p.  ;  dis- 
solve in  the  cold,  and  strain  ;  add  tulphuric  ether, 
4^  p.      Shake  for  five  or  six   days,  and   draw  off 
the  limpid  syrup.    Ph.  L.)     Properties  like  those 
. 
Syrcpob  Ai/li'i,  Syrup  of  Garlic,  (F.)  Syrop 
cTaiL    (Mi:;  recent  coin-is.  5|vj,  ,, 
Oj,  tacckar.  Bbij.     Macerate  the  garlic  in  the  vi- 
■  «.-el.  for  four  days  ;   then   ex- 
the  liquor  and  Bet  it  by,  that  thedrega  may 
aubaide  ;  lastly,  add  the  sugar  to  the  clear  Liquor, 
i  in  the  manner  directed  for  syrup. 
I'll.  D.  8         l      .  same  as  that  of  garlic.     Dose, 

pi  B  \ iTu  v'.v.  S.  ex  Altha'd  seu  de  Al- 
'  lhaa  ojfficina'lie,  Syrup  of  Marth- 
mallow,  F.'i  Syrop  it  Ouimauve.  (Ah!,., 
recent,  cunt.  Ibas,  $acch.  pur.  B>ij,  aqua  Oiv.  Boil 
the  root  in  the  water  to  one-half,  and  pri 
the  liquor;  when  cold,  de/ecate;  add  the  sugar, 
and   boil.      I'll.    L.)     Emollient    and    demulcent. 

Pl  1  Amomi  ZnroiBEBIS,  S.  zingibcris. 

Byrupus   Amvi;'du,.i:,  Syrup  of  Almond*,  S. 

gdal.  dulc.  ftj,  amygdal 

xvr,  aqua,  Oiij,  tacchar.  Ibvj.   Blanch  the 

almonds,  and  ruh  them  in  a  mortar  to  a  very  fine 

■  I  ling,  daring  the  trituration,  three  fluid- 

1  a  ponnd  of  the  sugar. 

■•■■  thoroughly  with  the  remainder  of 

the  water;  strain  with    strong   expression;  add 

the  remainder  of  the  soger  to  the  strained  liquor, 

and   dissolve   it  with  the  aid  of  a  gentle   beat 

the  syrup  through  fine  linen,  and  having 

i  if  to  cool,  put  it  into  bottles,  which  most 

Stopped,  and  kept  in  a  cool  place.     Ph. 

ac  Antieaupodic. 

Sraopua  Ahtibcorbu'ticus,  S.  dc  Ann 


compositus,  Antiteorhu'tit  Syrup,  (Leave*  of 
cochlearia,  buckbean,    wo-  kor*e~radi*h 

root  and  bitter  orange*,  each  flbj,  cinnamon,  ~  •-. 
Cat,  and  poor  on  whit*  win*  Ibiv.  Mac-irate  l>r 
two  days;  distil  over  <  \]  in  a  sand-bath  j 
to  this  tugar,  Ibvj,  and  t'nrin  a  syrop.  Again, 
take  what  remains  in  the  ouourbil  :  ]  aai  it 
through  cloth  ;  let  it  rot  j  decant,  ami  add  tugar 
fl>ij  ;  make  into  a  syrup,  and  clarify  with  white 
Mix  it  with  the  first  while  yet  warm. 
PA.  P.)     Antisoorbutio,  alterative,  tonic,  stoma- 

chic.  Ac.      Dose,  I  3 i j  to  f^ij. 

Strupub  Aromai  [i  i  B,  -s'.  d*  Artemit'io  com- 
.  Compound  Syrup  of  Mugwort,  (F.)  Symp 
cfarmoi**  compo*e\  (  Top*  of  artemuia  vulgaria, 
in  flower,  X  vj,  inula  root,  liguaticnm  levi*ticumt 
and  ft  iiw  I.  each,  ,t<s'  /"'"'I,'/'"'/"/,  catmint, tavint 
each  .^vj,  marjoram,  hyteop,  pyrethrum, 
■-<'/,  each  ziij,  ani*eed  and  cinnamon,  each 
Jix:  bruise  and  macerate  in  hydromel  lb.wiij  j 
distil  over  Oss  ;  add  to  this  a  pound  of  tugar. 
Again,  take  the  liquid  that  remains  in  the  cucur- 
bit, strain  it  gently  j  and  add  tugar  miv.  Then 
mix  the  two.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  emmenagogue, 
Ac. 

Syrupua  di  ArmobaciI  Compositus,  B.  anti- 
BOorbutiouB — s.  de  Artemisia  eompositus,  S.  anti- 
Boorbutiona — a.  Aaparagi,  aee  Asparagus. 

Strdpi  s  Aurah'tii,  S.  Aurantio'rum  sen  t'iiri 
Aurantii  sen  Cor'tiei*  Aurantii  sen  Aurantii  Cor- 
ticis  (Ph.  U.S.)  seu  e  Cortic"ibu*  Aurantio'rum 
seu  de  Curtice  Aurantio'rum,  Syrup  of  Orauye 
peel.  (Aurrint.  cort.  eont.  gij,  aq.ferv.  <*],  taecJL 
mijss.  Macerate  the  peel  in  the  water  for  twelve 
hours.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic. 
Dose,  f 3J  to  f  SCij. 

A  Syrup  of  Orange  Juice,  Orange  Sherbet,  Sy- 
rupu*  e  tucco  Aurantiorum,  may  be  made  bj  add- 
ing white  sugar  Ihij  to  lt>j  of  the  juice  of  oranges, 
strained  and  clarified. 

StRUPUS  Halsamicis,  S.  tolutanus. 

Syim'im  s  Cartophyl'li  Rdbri,  S.  Tnfuaio'ni* 

florum  caryophyllo'mm,  S.  Dianthi  Caryophylli, 

Syrup  of  ('(ore  July  flower   or  of  Clare  Pink*, 

\  (Petalorum    dianth.,    caryoph.  recent.,   unguibua 

-,  Itij,  tifjucE  bull.  Oiv,  taceh,  purif.  Ibvij. 

I'h.  E.)     Aromatic. 

Btri  pi  -  Ca88t^  Sbnrj5,  S.  senna?. 

BVRl  i'l  s     DB    ClCHO'RIO    COMPOS'lTUS,      S.    ih: 

Rheo,   Cmii  pound  Syrup  of  Succory,   (  F.  i  Syrop  de 

chicorit  compote".  (Root  of  succory  gvj,  leave* 
of  succory  .^ix.  leaves  of  fumitory  and  tc< 
drium,  each  3>ij,  Alkekengi  (jerries  -ij.  Boil  in 
water  Oxivto  Osij  :  pass  through  cloth,  and  dis- 
solve in  white  tugar  B>v.  Boil  till  it  has  I 
sistence  of  syrup.  Again,  take  wattr  Oviij,  rlin- 
barb  ,5vj,  yellow  tandert  and  cinnamon,  each  t^ss. 
Infuse  for  twenty-four  hours  :  pass  through  linen, 
and  add  the  preceding  syrup.  I'h.  /'.J  It  is 
laxative  and  stomachic.      Dose,  f  ^\  to  I 

Syrupuh  CiNviiovi;  it.m  \'ino,  S.  tie  kind  kind 
cum  vino. 

Syropus  Cinciio'vi.e,  Syrup  of  Cincho'nia. 
{Simple  syrup  one  pound  ;  tulphate  of  cinchonia 
nine  grains.  Mix.)  Six  spoonfuls  arc  commonly 
sufficient  to  arrest  an  intermittent 

ByRDPUB  ClTRl  A  i  RANTII,  S.  aurantii. 

Si  ci  [ms   COCCI,    Symp   of  Cochineal.     (Core. 
cont^iv.  Aq.  dettillat.  bullient.  <»j  (Imp.  raeas*.), 
tacchar,  ltuij,  vel  q.  s.  Sp.  rectificat.  f?ii 
q.  s.  /'//.  L.)     Chiefly  used  as  a  coloring  agent 

Byrupus  Col'chici  Autumma'lis,  S.  Colchicif 
Syrup  of  Meadow  Saffron.  (Rad.  colch.  autumn. 
''■'  "'•  ,S.i-  '"idi  acetosi,  ft^x\i.  taceh,  pur.  gxxvj, 
Macerate  the  rool  in  the  vinegar  for  two  days, 

Occasionally  shaking  the  vessel  ;    then  strain  with 

gentle  expression.  To  the  strained  fluid  add  tho 
sugar,  and  lioil  to  a  syrup.  J'h.  E.)  Diuretic, 
antiarthritio.    Dose,  f^j  to  {$*s,  or  more. 


SYRUPUS   CROCI 


8  9  1 


SYRUPUS   RHEI 


Syrupus  Corticis  Aurantii,  S.  aurantii  — s. 
Citri  medicae,  S.  liinonuui —  s.  e  Succo  citronuui, 
S.  limonum. 

SviruPi'S  Croci,  Syrup  of  Saffron.  (Croci 
Btigmat.  5J,  aquas  fervent.  Oj,  aacch.  purif.  tbiiss. 
Ph.  L.)     Cardiac.     Chiefly  used  for  colouring. 

Syrupus  Diacodion,  Diacodium  —  s.  Diauthi 
Caryophylli,  S.  caryophylli  rubri. 

SYRUPUS  Emeti'x.;:.  Syrup  of  Em'etine.  (Sim- 
ple  syrup  Ibj,  emetine  16  gr.)  In  small  doses,  ex- 
pectorant; and  in  large,  emetic 

Syrupus  Empyreumaticus,  Melasses — s.  Ferri 
iodidi,  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi. 

Syrupus  Hemides'mi,  Syrup  of  Tn'dian  Sarsa- 
parill'a.  (Hemideam.  cont.  ^iv  (avoirdup.),  Aq. 
deatillat.  hullient.  Oj  (Imp.  meas.),  sacckar.  q.  s. 
Ph.  D.)     A  weak  preparation  of  hemidesmus. 

Syrupus  Hyprargyri,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
mediante  gummi — s.  Infusionis  florum  caryophyl- 
lorum,  Syrupus  caryophylli  rubri. 

Syrupus  Ipecacuan'h^e,  Syrup  of  Ipecacuan- 
ha. (Ipecac,  in  pulv.  crass.  t^j,  alcohol,  dibit.  Oj, 
sacchar.  Ibiiss,  aquas  q.  s.  Macerate  the  ipecacu- 
anha in  the  alcohol  for  II  days,  and  filter.  Eva- 
porate the  filtered  liquor  to  6  fluidounces,  again 
filter,  and  add  sufficient  water  to  make  the  liquid 
measure  a  pint;  add  the  sugar,  and  evaporate  by 
a  water-bath  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 

Syrupus  de  Jalap'a,  Syrup  of  Jalap.  (Pulv. 
Jala  pas  £x,  sem.  coriandr.,  fcenicul.  dulc.aa.  gss  • 
aquoB  f  ^xijss,  aacch.  ^xxt.  Ph.  P.)  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f  gij  to  f^ss  for  children. 

Syrupus  de  Kixa  Kixa  cum  Vino,  S.  Cincho'- 
nas  cum  vino,  Syrup  of  Cinchona  with  wine,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  quinquina  avec  levin.  (Cort.  cinchonas 
officinalis  ^ij,  ext.  cinchonce  5jvj,  vini  albi  (Vin. 
Lnnel.  seu  cujtuvis  ei  simills,)  Oj,  alcohol  (s.  g. 
'985  to  *915.)  f5J,  sacchar.  alb.  tbiss.  Bruise 
the  cinchona;  gradually  add  the  alcohol,  so  as 
to  form  a  soft  mass  ;  pour  on  the  wine  ;  macerate 
for  two  days,  and  strain.  Dissolve  the  extract, 
add  the  su^ar,  and  make  a  syrup.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
f|ss  to  fgj. 

Syrupus  Krame'ri.e,  Syrup  of  Rhat' any.  (Ext. 
Kramer,  ^ij,  aquas  Oj,  sacchar.  Ibijss.  Dissolve 
the  extract  in  the  water, and  filter:  then  add  the 
sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.  It  may 
also  be  made  by  displacement  from  kramer.  in 
pulv.  crass.  Ibj,  sacchar.  Ibiiss ;  aq.  q.  s.)  An 
adjunct  to  astringent  mixtures;  or  given  in  diar- 
rhoea, a  teaspoonful  to  a  child. 

Syrupus  Limonis,  S.  Limonum — s.  Succi  limo- 
nis, S.  limonum. 

Syrupus  Limo'num,  S.  limonis  (Ph.  U.S.)  seu 
citri  med' icas  seu  e  succo  citro'num  seu  e  succo 
limo'num  seu  succi  limo'nis,  Syrupof  Lemon.  Le- 
mon Syrup.  (Linton,  succ.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  Ibij.) 
Cooling,  antiseptic. 

Syrupus  e  Mecoxio,  S.  papaveris — s.  de  Melle, 
Mellitum  simplex. 

Syrupus  de  Mercu'rio  Mepiax'te  Gummi,  S. 
Hydrar'gyri,  Mercu'rius  gummo'sua  Plenck'ii.  (F.) 
Syrop  de  mercure,  Mercure  gommeux  de  Plench. 
(ffydrargyri  pur.  £j,  p.  gum.  acacia,  ^iij.  syrup 
diacod.  ^ss.  Rub  together  till  the  mercury  is 
extinguished.  Ph.  P.)  Possesses  the  properties 
of  blue  pill.     Dose,  gr.  ij  to  viij,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Mori,  S.  e  succo  moro'rum  seu  succi 
mori,  Syrup  of  Mul' berries,  (F.)  Syrop  de  inures. 
{Mori  xucc.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  purif.  Ibij.  Ph.  L.) 
Gratefully  refrigerant. 

Syrupus  e  Succo  Mororum,  S.  mori. 

Syrupus  Morph'i.e  Aceta'tis,  Syrup  of  ace- 
tate of  morphia.  (J->>'q-  "morphia?  acet.  f^j,  syruj) 
fjxv.   Ph.  D.)     Dose,  f^ss  to  fj§j,  as  an  opiate. 

Syrupus  Morph'i.e  Muria'tis,  Syrup  of  mu' - 
riate  of  morphia.      (^''^  morph.   muriat.   f^j; 


syrup  f^xvij.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  ^j,  as 
an  opiate. 

Syrupus  Morphine  Sulpha'tis  may  be  made 
in  the  same  way. 

Syrupus  Niger.  Melasses. 

Syrupus  Papav'kris,  S.  papaveris  somnif'eri 
sen  papaveris  albi  seu  emeeo'nio  seu  demeconio, 
Diaco'dium,  Syrup  of  poppies,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pa- 
vots  blancs  ou  Diacode.  (Papav.  capsul.  exsiceat. 
et  contus.  exemptis  seminibus,  3jxiv,  aaceh.  pur. 
tbij,  aq.  fervent,  cong.  ijss.  Macerate  the  cap- 
sules in  water  for  12  hours;  boil  to  a  gallon,  and 
express  strongly.  Boil  the  liquor  to  Oij  ;  and 
strain  while  hot.  Defecate  by  rest,  and  boil  to 
Oj,  adding  the  sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
L.)  One  ounce  contains  about  one  grain  of  opium. 
Anodyne  and  demulcent. 

The  Dublin  college  has  a  Syrupus  Opii,  called 
Common  Syrup  of  Poppiee,  which  is  made  by  dis- 
solving 18  grains  of  the  Watery  Extract  of  Opium 
in  18  ounces  of  boiling  water.  Properties,  those 
of  opium  and  syrup. 

Syrupus  de  Papavere  Erratico,  S.  rhceados 
—  s.  de  Pomis  compositus,  see  S.  sennas. 

Syrupus  Protege,  see  Protea  mellifera. 

Syrupus  Pruxi  Yjrgixia'xje,  Syrup  of  Wild 
cherry  bark.  ( Pruni  Virginian,  in  pulv.  crass. 
5  v.  sacchar.  Ibij,  Aquce,  q.  s.  Moisten  the  bark 
with  water;  let  it  stand  for  24  hours;  transfer  it 
to  a  percolator;  pour  water  gradually  upon  it, 
until  a  pint  of  filtered  liquor  has  passed.  Add 
the  sugar  in  a  bottle,  and  dissolve  by  agitation. 
Ph.  U.  S.,  1851.)  Dose,  as  a  demulcent  expec- 
torant, f^j  to  f.^iij. 

Syrupus  e  Pulmoxibus  Yitulixis,  see  Syrupus 
Zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Qui'xt^e,  Syrup  of  Quinia.  (Simple 
syrup,  2  pints,  sulphate  of  quinia,  61  grains.)  Six 
spoonfuls  are  commonly  sufficient  to  arrest  an  in- 
termittent. 

Syrupus  e  Quixque  Radi'cibus,  Syrup  of  five 
roots,  (F.)  Syrop  des  cinq  racines.  (Pad.  apii, 
fceniculi,  apii  petroselini,  aa  Jfv.  Infuse  for  24. 
hours  in  boiling  water  Oiiss,  and  strain.  Pad. 
aaparag.,  rusci  aculeati,  aa  ^vf  aquas,  Ovij.  Boil 
j  and  reduce  to  half;  adding,  towards  the  end,  the 
residue  of  the  preceding  infusion.  Boil  again  for 
some  minutes;  strain,  and  add  u-hite  sugar.  Ibvj. 
\Ph.P.)  Aperient  and  diuretic.  Used  in  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  mesentery;  and  in 
dropsy,  &c.     Dose,  f^fss  to  f 5J,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Rhamni,  S.  Rhamni  cathar'tici  sou  de 
Spina  cervi'nd  seu  spinas  cervi'nas,  Syrup  of  Buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Syrop  de  nerprun.  (Rhamn.  bacear. 
succ.  recent.  Oiv,  zingib.  rod.  concis.,  pimentos 
bacc.  contrit.,  aa  ^ss,  sacch.  purif.  Ibiiiss.  Defe- 
cate the  juice  for  3  days,  and  strain.  To  a  pint 
of  this,  add  the  ginger  and  pimento  ;  macerate  for 
4  hours,  and  strain  ;  boil  what  remains  to  Oiss. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  add  sugar,  so  as  to  form  a 
svrup.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic,  but  apt  to  gripe.  Dose, 
f  ^iv  to  f  3ij. 

Syrupus  Rftet,  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei,m 
pulv.  crass.,  t^ij ;  Alcohol,  Oss  ;  Aquas,  Oiss;  sac- 
char. Ibij.  Mix  the  alcohol  and  water:  pour  f^iv 
on  the  rhubarb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand, 
and  allow  the  whole  to  stand  four  hours;  put  the 
mass  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually  pour  on  the 
alcohol  and  water.  By  means  of  a  water-bath, 
evaporate  to  f.^xiij  ;  add  the  sugar,  and  make  a 
syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose  to  a  child,  as  a  laxa- 
tive, one  or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Syrupus  Rhei  Aromat'icus,  Aromatic  or 
Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei  cont.  ^iiss; 
Caryophyl.  cont.,  Cinnam.  cont.  aa  Jfss ;  Myriat, 
cont.  gij  ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij  ;  Syrup  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate the  rhubarb  and  aromatics  in  the  diluted 
alcohol  for  14  days,  and  strain  :  then,  by  means 
of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  the  liquor  to  a  pint, 


BYRUPUS    DE    11 II  J:  0 


8  0  5 


8Y  Kl  PUS   ZINGIBERIS 


and  while  still  hot,  mix  with  the  syrup  previously 
It  may  also  be  made  by  the 

of  displacement 

iromatio  syrup  of  rhuharh  is  ■  gentle  car- 
minative cathartic.  ■  child,  f  £j ;  to  an 

!o.i 
pi  s  db  I i  h  ; .  >  > ,  Byrupua  de  Cichorio  eora- 

I  B  008,  S.  •/>  papav'erl  rmit  ico 

-  ,  rratici,  Syrup  of  l!>  d  Pop\ 
le  coquelicat.     [Khatad.  petal  recent,  ftj, 
■    f!| xviij,  taceh. purif.  ftiiss.     To  the 
water,  heated   in    a  water-bath,  add  the  petals. 
.  :  macerate  for  IS  boon  :  ex- 
ile, and  add  Bugar  to  form  a  syrup. 
Ph.  /..i     Chiefly  used  to  give  colour. 

A  factitious  syrup  is  often  made  of  aloes,  dis- 
solved  in  simple  syrup. 

Bvrupi  8   i  ta'rum   toluti'mu  sou   e 

ntifo'lim    sen    rota'ceu* 

toluti'vue,  Syrup   of   I! ,  F.)    Syrop   dt 

tif.  petal,   exsico.  .^vij,  taceh. 

purif.  lb vj,  aq.  fervent.  Oiv.     Macerate  tho  petals 

for   12  hours.     Evaporate  the  strained  liquor  to 

Add  the  BUgar.    /'//.  L.)     Gently  laxative. 

Bvrupi  b  Rosjb  Gai/LIC*,  Syrup  of  Hid  Rose*, 
get.     [Hota  Gallic. petal. 
.   3 v i i .   (kjucp   ball.   Or,   taceh.  purif.    ftvj  : 
red  like  the  last     Ph,  E.)     Mildly  astrin- 
gent.    Added  to  stomachic  infusions. 
SVRUPUS  SaCCHARI,  B.  Simplex. 

Btri  ii rs  Sarsaparji/l.*,  8.  Sana,  S.  Sana, 
Syrup  of  Sartaparilla.     \  Rad.  Sartap.  cont  Dbj, 

a  qua  buUieut.  Cong.,  taceh.  purif.  tt>j.      Macerate 
t  for  24  hours;  boil  to  Oiv.     Strain  while 
hot;  add  the  sugar,  and  boiL     I'll.  B.)     1 
the  same  cases  as  the  root.     Dose,  f£j  to  f  ^iv, 
and  more. 

Btri  pus  di  Barsaparil'lA  kt  Sknxa   Com- 
POS'lTUS,   Compound  Syrup  of  Sartaparilla  and 
Senna,  (F.)  Syr  op  de   Cuitinier.     [Rad.  Sartap. 
.  ftij.     Infuse  for  24  hours  in  warm  water 
Oxij ;   boil  for  a   quarter  of  an   hour:    pass   with 
jsion,  and  boil  again  the  residuum  in  Ox  of 
water.      Reduce  this  to  Ovj.  and   repeat   the  ope- 
ration 2  or  3  times.      Mix  all  the  liquors  and  boil 
them  together  with  flowert  of  borage,  white  rotet, 
sennit  leavee and anitced,  each  51]  ;  reduce  to  half; 
ml  add  honey  ftij.  Boil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.  I'.) 
onsidered  to  be  alterant,  depurative,  and 
1     je,  f  jfss  to  f  J|ij. 
A    similar    syrnp,   under   the   name    Syrupus 
■mmi'i  b  Compos'itds,   Compound  Syrup 
of  Sartaparilla,  is  directed  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  State-.     [Sartaparill.  cont.  ftij; 
juaiae.  rasur.  zig  ;   Rota  eentifol.,  Senna, 
Olycyrrhiz.  cont.  5.3  zij;  01.  S  ''.  Aniei. 

fifi  n\v.  j  01.  Gaultheria  m.  iij  :  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Ox.;  Sacchar.  ftviij.  Macerate  the  sarsaparilla, 
guaiacuin  wood,  roses,  senna,  and  liquorice  root 
in    the   diluted   alcohol   for  11  days:   expn 

Evaporate  the  tincture  in  a  warm  hath  to 
four  pints:  filter,  add  the  BUgar,  ami  form  into 
syrnp.  Lastly,  having  rubbed  the  oils  with  a 
small  quantity  of  the  syrup,  mix  them  thoroughly 
v  ith  the  remainder,     i'h.  V.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  made   by  the   process  of  dis- 

:<-nt. 

3ars.sc,  s.  Ssrsaparillsa — s.  Sarzoe, 

S.  BarsaparillsB. 

Syrupus  i>r.  Sgawo'hio,  Syrup  of  Seam'mony. 
(f'u/r.  Scammon.  3 88,  taceh.  alb.  ,^iv,  alcohoL 
■  to  '915J  f£virj.  Heat  the  mixture 
:  then  set  tire  to  the  alcohol  with  a 
lighted  taper:  agitate  constantly,  until  the  flame 
i<  extinguished.  Snffer  it  to  cool  i  pass  through 
cloth,  and  add  Syrnp  of  Violet;  fjrv.     Ph.  J'.) 


,~i  contains  is  grains  of  seammony.     1> 
to  fjjss. 

SvRl  its  BciLl  ■,  S.  tcillit'icut  sou  srlltr  urn- 
rit'iina.  Syrup  of  Squill t.  {Aeet.  teilla.  0$,  taceh. 
ftij,       P  l        -  Diuretic,    cxp»  ctoiai it . 

emetio.     Used  in  the  same  eases  as  the  oxymel. 

SYRUPUS     Si  ii  i  ,i:     (  OMPOB'l  i  t  R,     Mi  I 
Compotitum,    Compound   Honey  of   Squill,    Com- 
pound  Syrup  of  Squill,    Hive    Syrup.     [Scil/a 
cont.;   Senega   cont.  ai  ,^iv;  Autim.  >t   I 
Tort.    <_rr.    xlviij  ;    Aqua    Oivj     Sacchar.    ' 
Pour  the  water  upon  the  squills  and  seneka,  and, 
boiled    to  one-halt',  strain  and  add  the 
sugar.     Then  evaporate  to  three  pints,  and  while 
the   syrup  is  still    hot,  dissolve   in    it    the   tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa.     it  may  also  be  made 
by  the  process  of  displacement     Ph.  V. 

iften  given  as  an  emetic  in  eases  of  croup, 
and  in  catarrh,  especially  in  children.     J1 
infants,  10  drops  to  a  drachm,  repeated    every  1  j 
minutes,  if  vomiting  be  desirable. 

Svrupus  Bi  s'i  <■  i .  St  ■></•  of  Seneha.  (Senega 
cont.  ^iv;  Aqua  (»j;  Sacchar.  thj.  Boil  the  v:>- 
ter  with  the  seneka  to  one  half,  and  strain  :  then 
add  the  BUgar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  he  formed  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

This  is  a  favourite  stimulant  expectorant  [?] 
with  many  practitioners.     Dose,  f,"j  or  fSJij. 

Svrupus  Senhac,  S.  cattia  tenna,  Syrup  of 
Senna.  [Senna  ,^ij.  tern,  faenicul.  cont.  5j,  taceh. 
pur.  ,^xv,  iii/iu/'  bulfient.  Oj.  Macerate  the  senna 
leaves  and  fennel-seeds  with  a  gentle  beal  for  an 
hour.  Strain  :  add  the  BUgar,  and  make  into  a 
syrup.  Ph.  V.  S.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  f^ij  to 
t^iss,  or  more. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  Syruput  de  SennA  of 
a  compound  character,  called  Syruput  dc  pomit 
compot'itut,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pommet  compote".  \i 
contains,  also,  borage,  bugloss,  &c.  Dose,  1  §88 
to  fgij. 

Byrupus  Simplex,  Syruput  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ,S'. 
Sac'chari,  Sue' dm  nun  clu  rij'nu' tiuu,  Liqua'rium, 
Simple  Syrup,  Syrup,  Common  tyrup  of  eapillaire. 
[Saeeh.  purif,  ftiiss,  nifucp  Oj.  Dissolve  the  sugar; 
set  aside  for  24  hours;  remove  the  scum,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  liquid.)  Used  to  cover  nauseous 
tastes,  &c. 

Syr l  rrs  pf  Spina  Ckhvina,  Svrupus  rhamni 
—  p.  de  Stoechade  communis,  see  Lavendula. 

Bvrupus  Toi  UTA'hus,  S.  Toluta'ni  sen  toluif- 
era  bal'tami  seu  baltam'icut,  Baltam'ic  tyrup, 
Syrup  of  tolu,  [Tinet.  T<>!ut.  f^iss;  Aqua  Oj ; 
Sacchar,  ftiiss.  Mix  the  tincture  with  the  sugar 
in  coarse  powder;  expose  it  on  a  shallow  dish  to 
a  gentle  heat,  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated: 
pour  the  water  upon  it:  heat  gradually  until  tho 
sugar  is  dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Use  — 
to  give  flavour. 

Bvrupus  Vi'oljb,  S.  viola-.  odora'ta>,  S.  viola'- 
rum,  S.  e  tucco  viola' rum,  Syrup  of  \'i<>/</s.  (Flm-. 
reeeut.  viol,  odorat.  lhij.  oq,  bull.  Oviij,  taceh. pur. 
ftxv.  Macerate,  in  a  covered  vessel,  lor  2  !  hours  : 
pass,  without  expression,  through  linen;  and  the 
BUgar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  /'//.  E.)  Very 
gently  laxative.      Dose.  f!Jj  to  f 3 i j . 

Bvrupus  ■  Succo  Violarum,  s.  violas. 

Bvrupus  ZimgiB'eris,  S.  amo'mi  eingiberit, 
Syrup  of  Ginger,  (P  1  Syrop  de  giugembre.  (  Tinct. 
Zingib.  f.^iv  :  Aqua  1  Oiv  :  Saechar.  ftx.     Mix  the 

tincture  with  four  pounds  of  the  sugar  in  ooarsl 
powder;  and  expose  it  in  a  .-hallow  dish  to  a 
gentle  heat  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated. 
Add  the  rest  of  the   BUgar,  and  then  the  water  in 

a  covered  vessel ;  heat  gradually  until  the  sugar  is 
dissolved,  and  strain.    Ph.  U.  B.)   To  the  strained 

liquor  add  the  BUgar,  and  form  a  -yrup. 

N.  P.  The  Parisian  Codes  contained  a  few 
other   compound    syrups    besides    those    cnume- 


SYS 


896 


TABELL.E 


rated ;  amongst  these  is  a  Syrup  of  calf's  lungs, 
Syrupus  e  putmon'ibue   vituli'nia,  (F.)  Syrop  de 

moil  de  vetiti,  as  an  expectorant. 

These  syrups  are  made  according  to  the  usual 
rule,  and  possess  the  virtues  of  the  substances 
after  which  they  are  named. 

SYS.  Sym. 

SYSPA'SIA,  from  avarzaw,  (aw,  and  ctzow,  'I 
draw.,')  'I  contract.'  Clonic  spasm,  with  dimi- 
nished sensibility  and  inability  of  utterance.  A 
genus  in  Good's  Nosology,  which  includes  con- 
vulsion, epilepsy,  and  hysteria. 

Syspasia  Coxvvlsio,  Convulsion  —  s.  Epilep- 
sia, Epilepsy — s.  Hysteria,  Hysteria. 

SYSSARCO'SIS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  cap!-, 
ciokos,  'flesh.'  Commissu'ra  ossium  car'nea, 
Symph'ysis  ossium  muscnhi'ris,  Connex'io  ossium 
camo'sa,  Carna'tio,  Concarna'tio.  Union  of  bones 
by  means  of  muscles;  such  as  the  union  of, the 
os  hyoides  with  the  lower  jaw,  of  the  scapula  with 
the  ribs,  &e. 

8YSTALCIS,  Systole. 

SYSTAL'TIC,  Systal'ticm,  Peristal'tic ;  from 
avare'XXu),  (aw,  and  areWu),)  'I  contract.'  A  sys- 
taltic motion  in  a  part  is  one  in  which  there  is 
alternate  contraction  and  dilatation.  See  Sys- 
tole. 

SYSTAT'ICA,  from  awiarvfja,  (aw,  and  larrjui, 
'I  place.')  'I  associate.'  Diseases  affecting  seve- 
ral or  all  of  the  sensorial  powers  simultaneously; 
irritation  or  inertness  of  mind,  extending  to  the 
muscles,  or  external  senses;  or  of  the  muscles, 
or  external  senses,  extending  to  the  mind;  —  the 
4th  order,  class  Neurotica,  of  Good. 

SYSTEM,  Syste'ma,  from  aw,  '  together,'  and 
ivTTjfit,  'I  place.'  This  word,  taken  in  a  good 
sense,  means  the  collection  and  arrangement  of 
different  matters  having  an  analogy  to  each  other, 
or  working  towards  the  same  end.     In  natural 


history,  it  means  a  methodical  arrangement  of 
objects  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  their  study. 
System  is,  however,  sometimes  used  in  an  unfa- 
vourable sense  in  physical  science,  and  often 
means,  —  a  purely  gratuitous  supposition,  by 
which  the  march  of  nature  is  attempted  to  be 
universally  explained,  and  to  which  every  thing 
is  made  to  bend.  In  anatomy,  system  is  an  as- 
semblage of  organs,  composed  of  the  same  tissues, 
and  intended  for  similar  functions;  for  instance, 
the  nervous  system,  muscular  system,  &c. 

SYSTEMA,  System  —  s.  Vasorum,  Vascular 
system. 

SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  according  to 
which  every  fact  of  a  science  is  collected  around 
an  opinion,  true  or  false.  One  who  reduces  things 
j  to  such  a  method  is  called  a  Sys'tematist. 

SYSTEMATISE  see  Systematism. 

SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  Systematolog"ia,  from 
avarr/fta,  'system,'  and  Aoyo?,  'a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  or  a  treatise  of  systems. 

SYSTEME  VASCULAIRE  A  SANG  NOIR, 
see  Vascular  —  s.  Vasculaire  d  sany  rouge,  see 
Vascular. 

SYS'TEMIC.  Belonging  to  the  general  sys- 
tem—  as  'systemic  circulation'  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  'pulmonic.' 

SYS'TOLE.  Same  etymon  as  Systaltic.  Sys- 
tal'sis,  Constric'tio,  Contrac'tio  seu  Anyusta'tio 
seu  Submissio  seu  JJica'tio  cordis.  The  move- 
ment of  constriction  or  contraction  of  the  heart, 
to  give  impulse  to  the  blood,  or  to  cause  its  pro- 
gression. It  is  opposed  to  the  Diastole  of  the 
organ. 

SYS'TOLIC,  Systol'icus,  (F.)  Systolique ;  same 
etymon.  Relating  to  the  systole  of  the  heart, — 
as  'systolic  murmur.' 

SYZYGIUM  NERVORUM,  Par  nervorum. 


T. 


T  Bandage,  T  fas'cia,  Fas'cia  T  formis  seu 
Heliodo'ri,  Cru'cial  Bandage.  A  bandage  shaped 
like  the  letter  T.  It  consists  of  a  strip  of  linen, 
of  variable  length  and  breadth,  the  middle  of 
which  is  attached,  at  right  angles,  to  the  extre- 
mity of  another  strip,  also  of  variable  length  and 
breadth.  When  two  such  strips  are  attached,  at 
a  distance  from  each  other,  the  bandage  is  called 
a  double  T.  This  bandage  is  used,  principally, 
for  supporting  the  dressings  after  the  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano,  in  diseases  of  the  perinseum, 
groin,  anus,  &c. 

T  Fascia,  T  Bandage. 

TAB  AC,  Nicotiana  tabacum — t.  des  Savoyards, 
Arnica  montana — t.  des  Jfo>itaynes,  Arnica  mon- 
tana  —  t.  des  Vosges,  Arnica  montana, 

TABACUM.  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

TAB'ANUS,  called,  by  the  voyageurs,  Bulldog. 
A  troublesome  fly  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory, 
which  makes  a  perforation  like  a  leechbite,  from 
which  it  sucks  the  blood. 

TABARZET,  Saecharum  album. 

TAB'ASHEER,  Tabaschir,  Tabaxir.  A  sub- 
stance found  in  the  knots  of  the  bamboo,  in  the 
East  Indies,  as  a  consequence  of  a  morbid  condi- 
tion of  the  part.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  great 
proportion  of  silicic  acid,  in  combination  with  a 
small  quantity  of  mineral  and  vegetable  matters; 
as  wrell  as  for  its  slight  refractive  property.  It 
has  been  used  in  obstruction  of  the  bowels.     The 


sweet  juice  of  the  bamboo  stalks  has  also  been 
called  Tabasheer. 

TABEFACTION,  Emaciation. 

TABEFY,  Emaciate. 

TABEL'LA,  Tab'ula,  Tabula'tum,  Lozan'ga, 
Lozan'gia,  Jfor'sulus,  Morsel'lus,  Lozenge,  Tes- 
sel'la,  (F.)  Tablette,  'a  small  table.'  A  solid 
medicine,  composed  of  a  powder,  sugar,  and  mu- 
cilage, Electua'  rium  snl'idum;  and  generally 
shaped  like  a  disk.  See  Pastil,  and  Troch.  The 
!  three  comprise  the  Saccharoles  solides. 

Tabella,  Table. 

TABELL.E  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag- 
nesia. 

Tabella  Ac"idi  Oxal/ici,  T.  ad  sitem,  Lo- 
zenges of  Oxalic  Acid.  (Acid,  oxalic.  £],  sacch. 
alb.  £s?,  ol.  limonis,  gtt.  xviij  seu  gtt.  xij.  Make 
into  lozenges  with  mucilage  of  gum  tragacanth. 
j  Ph.  P.)  Lozenges  are  made-  in  the  same  way 
with  the  citric  and  tartaric  acids.  They  are  re- 
I  frigerant. 

TABELLiE  BE  Alth,£'a,  Lozenges  of  Marsh- 
mallows.  (Rad.  althcece  pulv.,  §iss,  sacchar.  alb. 
pulv.  ,^ivss;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.)  Demulcent;  ex- 
pectorant. 

Tabella  Axtimoxta'les  Ktjncke'lii,  T.  de 
stib'ii  sulphure'to,  Lozenges  qfSulph'vret  of  Ant' i- 
mony,  Mor'suli  autimonia'les  seu  stibii  seu  stibi- 
a'ti,  Trochis'ci  stibiati.  (Amygdal.  d'dc.  ^j, 
sacch.  Ibss,  8em.   cardam.,   cinnam.   pulv.,   sutyh. 


TABERXA    MEDICA 


897 


TABULA 


rnntim.  prapar.,  ail  Jjj  ;  fiant  tabella?.  Ph.  P. 
Kncli  to  weigh  l"  grains.)  Reoommended  in 
blennorrbagia,  arthritic  pains, 
«!fec.     Dose,  4  ot  more. 

Tabbli  ■  in  Ardorxm  VF.NTitini.i,  Trochisci 
earbonatis  ealcis —  t.  Cardialgicse,  Trochisci  car- 
bonatia  ealeis. 

Tai:i  mi:     DS    CAT'BCHV     kt    Mv.m'sia,    Lo- 

zc)></>«  of  Cateckn  and  Magneria,  (¥.)  TabUtte*  de 

■  i  de  magnitie.  ( /'.  eateek.  ,~\j,  j>.  magnet. 

2iv,    /-.    cinnam.    f^iij,    tacch.    uUi.    tbss,    </.  traijac. 

^r.    xij.  <"{.    cinnam.   q.   s.   at   f.  massa.      PA.   /'. 

Each  to  weigh  12  gr.)     Antacid,  absorbent,  and 

....  to  1"  l0X(  • 

Tabbli  e  Cibcho'njb,    T.  de  hind  hind,  Bark 

.    ^ss,    *"'<•//.  ]|iv, 

cinnam.  ^<-.   mueilag.  (j.  tray.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa. 

77,.  P.J  '   1 

Tabki.i. .t:   db   Citro  kt  DlACARTHAMO,  T.  de 

nfi. 

Tabki.i   v.    DB     FbBBO,    »"/    lozenges,    Tabula 

martin' let    .-oil    inxtanran' t.  x    sen    ant  ichlorot' iecB. 

U'mat.  porpkyriz.  jn,  ;*.  cinnam.  t"j,  /j. 

tacch.   5v,   '/.   ?'",'/•   <-'t  a</.   cinnam.   q.   s»,  ut    fiat 

i  losenge  to  weigh  IS  gr.     7'A.  P.J 

Tonic,  stomachic.     Dose,  v  to  x. 

Aromatic   lomengt  These  consist  of 

eulphate  of  iron,  with  a  small  proportion  of  the 
Tim-tun  </  Cantharidee. 
Tabki.i. .i:  db  Krai  Kin  a.  T.  cinchonas. 
Tabi  i -i. .i:  db  M  k©si  -i  \.  7'.  aosoroeii'/e«,  JITWgr- 
ne»i'«  lazenget.  [Magnet,  ^j,  ■aerAar.  o7o.  .^iv, 
mmcil.  ;/.  tntgae.  q.  s.  /'A.  /'.)  Absorbent  and 
antacid. 

Tabki.i. .f:  DB  RllF.O,  Rhubarb  lozenges.  (P. 
rh>j.  388,  *"'•(//.  ^v,  mueilag.  (/urn.  tragae.  q.  s. ; 
£  massa.  Bach  to  contain  ]2  grains.  7'A.  7'.) 
Stomachic  and  laxative. 

Tabki.i.  r  db  Bcammo'bto  f.t  Senna  Compos'- 
it.*:,  T.  '/>  citro  (t  diacar'tkamo,  Compound  lo- 
zenges of  tcammony  and  noma.  [Seammon.  ,^iij. 
Senna  Jivss,  rAej.  ££iss.  c"ry")>h-  o.j,  corticit 
lit/inn.  con  feet.  3_j,  xnii/i.  j|vj ;  f.  massa.  PA.  7'.] 
Purgative.     Dose,  gij  t<»  ivj,  or  more. 

Tabblljb  ah  Si  1  km,  T.  acidi  ozalici  —  t.  ad 
Bodam,  Trochisci  carbonatia  ealcia  —  t.  de  Stibii 
tnlphnreto,  T.  antimoniales  Knnckelii. 

Tabki.i  ..v.  DB  Sdl'PBURB  Sim'PLICES,  Single 
tnlpkur  lozenge*.  [Sulphur  lot,  388,  eaccA.  ,5'v" 
mue.  n.  tragae.  cam  aqua  rosfi  praepar.  q.  s.  Ph. 
P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  Ac  Used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest,  and  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Dose,  a  lost 

Tabki  1  1:  db  Sri  km' ikk  Cowpos'itjB,  Com- 
pound tnlphnr  lozenge*.  (Sulph.  lot.  JJ'ji  add. 
benzoic  <;r.  xij,  rail,  irid.  )>.  3»s,  0/.  aniti,  gtt. 
viij,  1  .  trag.  q.  a.   PA.  P.)   Aperient, 

expectorant,  and  stimulant  [?].     Dose,  4  a  day. 

TABERNA   MEDICA,  Pharmacopolinm. 

TABERN^MONTANA  III  LIS,  (after  Ta- 
bernaemontanns,  a  German  botanist.)  A  tree  of 
British  (J  uia  n  a,  of  the  family  Apoeynacesa,  called, 
by  the  Datives,  Hya-Hya,  the  bark  and  pith  of 
•which  yield  a  milk,  which  is  used  by  the  savages 
as  a  refreshing  drink. 

TABES,  ifarat'mut  Tabes,  Tabnm,  from  tabere, 
'to  decay;'  Te'kedon,  Atroph'ia,  Tab'idnem,  De- 
cliin,  W'nsti  g.  Emaciation  of  the  whole  body, 
with  general  languor,  bectic  fever,  and,  for  the 
most  ]>:•  rt.  d  pirits. 

Tabes,  Atrophy,  Phthisis— 1  Coxsria,  Iaehio- 
pbthisis  -t.  Diabetica,  Diabetes  melHtos — t.  Di- 
nretica,  Di  <'■■■  tea  mellitus. 

Tabbs  Dorba'lib,  7".  Dorzna'lie,  Harat'mn* 
tabtz  dorta'lie,  /'liiliixin  no'tiai  aen  dor »a' lit  sea 
tteea,  Myelophthi'eiz,  Myelatroph'ia,  Myelanalo'- 
#»'».  Tabet  omn't  laeri.  A  wasting  of  the  body, 
attended  al  Brsl  with  a  pain  in  the  back  or  loins, 
and  afterwards  in  the  neck  or  head,  —  caused,  it 


has  been  conceived,  by  too  early  or  too  frequent 
addiction  to  renery. 

Tabi  b  Gi  ibdi  i  ibis,  T.  mesenteriea,  Scrofula 
—  t.  fcchiadica,  [schiophthisia  —  t.  Laotea,  Atro- 
phia lactantium,  see  Galactia. 

Tabbs  Mbsbbti  b'ica,  T.  glandula'ri*  sou  »cm. 
j'ltlu'xit,  Atroph'ia  metenter'iea  sen  infant'um  sen 
glandnla'rit  sen  infanti'li*  ><.u  dorei,  Parabye'mn 
mi  x,  ]iti  r' iciiiii,  Ma'eiet  Tnfan'twm,  Paidatntjth'iii, 
Scrofula  sou  Rachial'gia  sen  Physeo'nia 
terica,  ifyelophthi'riz  ticca,  Febrit  hec'tiea  in* 
fan' turn,  Phihinis  metara'iea,  Metenterophtki' ti», 

.    [F.J    I 'urn  an,    ('linrtii,   >',,,,. 

fii/ix  ou  Seronellet  mftentiriqnet,  atitit  on  ll<>- 
ehiafgie  on  Atrophic  on  Phytconie  mittntfrique, 
Ent&ro-mitenttrite,  Tuberculet  det  gangliont  »/"'- 
tenttriquet,  Phthitie  mitentiriqne.     An   ei 

ment  and  tubercular  defeneration  of  the  mesen- 
teric glands,  followed  by  emaciation  and  general 
disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions.  The  disease 
is  often  owing  to  inflammation  or  irritation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  intestines,  giving  occa- 
sion to  enlargement  of  the  glands  of  the  mesen- 
tery,— as  injury  to  the  apperor  lower  extremities 
causes  inflammation,  and  enlargement  of  the 
lymphatic  glands  of  the  axilla  and  groin.  It 
occurs,  particularly,  in  children  of  a  scrofulous 
diathesis;  and  in  those  who  are  weaned  too  early, 
or  fed  on  indigestible  substances.  Diarrhoea, 
emaciation,  anorexia,  or  immoderate  appetite: 
hardness  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen;  end, 
towards  the  end,  hectic  fever,  are  the  chief 
symptoms  of  this  affection;  the  prognosis  of 
which  is  unfavourable.  On  opening  the  bodies 
of  those  who  die  of  the  disease,  the  mesenteric 
glands  are  found  disorganized,  tubercular,  or  in 
a,  more  or  less  advanced  state  of  Buppuration. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  BCrophulosip. 
Frictions  may  be  added  over  the  abdomen  and 
spine;  and  mercury,  in  small  doses,  so  as  to  ex- 
cite a  new  action  in  the  system.  The  food  must 
be  easy  of  digestion,  and  the  bowels  be  kejit 
soluble. 

TABBS  NDTBTCOTr.  Atrophia  lactantium,  see 
Galactia — t.  Ossia  sacri,  Tabea  doraalia  —  t.  Pec- 
torea,  Rachitis  —  t.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis  —  t.  Sciofulosa,  T.  mesenteriea — t.  Benum, 
Marasmus  senilis. 

TABESCEBE,  Emaciate. 

TABID,  Tab'idut,  (F.)  Tabide.  Same  etymon 
as  Tabes.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  tabes. 
Wasted  l>v  disease. 

TABIDNESS.  Tabes. 

TABIP'IC,  Tabificut,  (F.)  Tabiflque,  from 
tabes,  'consumption,'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
That  which  causes  consumption  or  phthisis. 

TABLE,  Tab'nla,  Tabell'a,  Tabula'tnm,  Lam'. 
iiia.  Pariet,  Squama.  A  name  given  to  the 
plates  of  compact  tissue,  which  form  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  Of  these,  one  Is  external;  the 
other  interim),  and  called  Tab'nla  vi'trta,  on  ac- 
count of  its  brittleness. 

TABLES  DB  MORTALITY,  Mortality, 
bills  of. 

TABLET,  Troehiscus— t.  Votive,  Tabula  vu- 
tiva. 

TABLETTE,  Tabella. 

TABLETTES  in:  OACHOU  I'T  in:  MAO. 
NESIE,  Tabellsa  de  catechu  H  magnesia, 

TABLIER,  Ventrale  cutanevss. 

TABOURET,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

TABULA,  Tabella,  Table. 

Tab'i  1  l  \'om'v  \,  Votive  tablet.  A  tablet, 
bnng  np  as  sn  offering  —  anathe'ma  —  in  the  an- 
cient  temples   by  the  si'-k,  descriptive  of  their 

-,  and  mode  of  cure  ;    or  by  those  w  ho  had 
been  preserved  from  sot -alamilv. 

Tabulji  An-tikhlokotk  k,  TabellsB  de  ferro  — 


TABULATUM 


89 


TAL 


t.  Instaurantes,  Tabellae  de  ferro —  t.  Martiales, 
Tabellae  de  ferro. 

TABULATUM,  Tabella,  Table. 

TABUM,  Ichor,  Sanies,  Tabes. 

TAC,  Influenza. 

TACAMAHACA,  Fagara  octandra  —  t.  Ca- 
ragna,  Caranna. 

TACCA  OCEANICA,  see  Arrowroot,  (Tahiti.) 

T AC-HE,  Macula. 

TACHE  CEllEBRALE,  Tache  mtningitique. 
A  red  mark  or  stain,  observable  in  a  large  num- 
ber of  hydrocephalic  children,  when  pressure  is 
made  on  the  skin.  —  Trousseau. 

TACHE  EMURY0NNA1RE,  'Embryonic 
spot;'  Cn'mulus,  C.  gcrminati'vus  seu  prolig"erns, 
A' rea  germinati'va,  Nu'cleus  cicatric'u/a?  seu 
blastoderm' tttis,  Ger'minal  cu'tnulua.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Coste  to  a  spot  seen  on  the  blasto- 
derma  about  the  end  of  the  first  week,  from  which 
the  development  of  the  embryo  proceeds. 

According  to  Bischoff,  the  blastodermic  vesicle 
consists  here  of  a  double  layer,  (F.)  Feuillet  — 
the  upper  one  the  serous  or  animal;  the  lower, 
the  mucous  or  vegetative ;  and  between  these  is 
afterwards  formed  the  vascular  layer. 

TA  CHE  GERM1NA  TIVE,  see  Molecule  —  t. 
Jlelanienne,  see  Naevus  —  t.  3/eningitique,  Tache 
cerebrafe — t.  de  Kaissance,  Naevus — t.  Sanguine, 
see  Naevus. 

TACHENCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

TAC  HE  S  HEPATIQUES,  Chloasma. 

TACHE S  LAITEUSES,  Plaques  laiteuses, 
'milky  spots  or  patches.'  White  spots  occasion- 
ally seen  on  the  heart,  and  regarded  by  many 
pathologists  as  the  results  of  previous  pericar- 
ditis. 

TACHE  S  DE  ROUSSEUR,  Eph elides  —  t. 
Rouges,  Spots,  red. 

TACHE TE  DE  ROUSSEUR S,  see  Ephe- 
lides. 

TACHYIA'TER,  Tacnyia'trus.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.     One  who  cures  speedily. 

TACHYIATRI'A,  from  raXvgf  'quick,'  and 
larptui,  '  healing.'     The  art  of  curing  quickly. 

TACH'YTO M Y,  Tachytom'ia,  from  to^u?, 
'quick,'  and  tout),  'incision.'  The  art  of  cutting 
or  operating  rapidlv. 

TACITUR'NITY.  Tacitur'nitas,Sige,  'silence,' 
from  tacere,  taciturn,  '  to  be  silent.'  '  State  of  a 
person  who  does  not  speak.'  Morbid  taciturnity 
sometimes  exists  as  a  symptom  of  the  neuroses, 
especially  of  melancholy. 

TACT,  Tactus,  from  tangere,  factum,  'to  touch.' 
A  modification  of  the  sense  of  touch.  Passive 
judgment  by  the  cutaneous  nerves  regarding  bo- 
dies exterior  to  the  skin.  Tact  is  passive:  Touch, 
active. 

TACTILE,  Tac'tilis;  same  etymon.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  touch. 

TACTION,  Touch. 

TACTUS,  Tact,  Touch— t.  Dolorificus,  Hapto- 
dysphoria  —  t.  Eruditus,  see  Palpation. 
*TAE,  Digitus  pedis. 

TyEDA,  Teda,  Does,  Sais,  'a  torch.'  A  term 
used  for  a  medicine  employed  under  the  form  of 
fumigation,  pessary,  or  troch. 

TiE'NIA,  Te'nia,  Fas'cia,  from  raivia,  'a  fillet. 
a  riband.'  See  Bandage.  Also  a  genus  of  intes- 
tinal worms,  characterized  by  an  elongated,  flat- 
tened, and  articulated  body,  with  four  suctorial 
oscula  on  the  head.  Of  this  genus,  two  only  in- 
habit the  human  body — the  Tama  lata,  (see  Bo- 
thriocephalus  latus,)  and  Tcenia  solium. 

Taenia  Ackphala,  Bothriocephalic  latus — /.  el 
Anneaux  courts,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  a  An- 
neaux  longs.  Ta?nia  solium  —  t.  Articulos  demit- 
tens,  Taenia  solium — t.Cucurbitina.  Taenia  solium 
—  t.  Dentata,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Grisea, 


Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Hippocampi,  Corpora 
fimbriata — t.  Humana  armata,  Taenia  solium — t. 
Humana  incrinis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Hy- 
datigena,  Hydatid  —  t.  Lata,  Bothriocephalus 
latus — t.  a  Longues  articulations,  Taenia  solium — 
t.  Membranacea,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Ner- 
vosa Halleri,  Ganglion  of  Gasser  —  t.  Non  arm't, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis  lateralibus  ge- 
minis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Osculis  laterali- 
bus solitariis,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis 
marginalibus  solitariis,  Taenia  solium — t.  Osculis 
superficialibus,  Bothriocepalus  latus  —  t.  Prima, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Sans  epine,  Taenia  so- 
lium —  t.  Secunda,  Taenia  solium. 

Taenia  Semicihcula'ris,  T.  stria'ta,  Gem'innm 
centrum  semicircula're,  Limbus  posterior  corpo- 
ris stria'ti,  Strice  cor'nece.  seu  semilunei'res  seu 
terminates,  Fraz'nulum  novum,  Fascia  semicircu- 
la'ris,  (F.)  Bandelette  eles  eminences  pyrifomes 
(Ch.),  Bandelette,  B.  demicirculaire,  Lame  coruee. 
A  medullary,  grayish,  semitransparent  layer,  situ- 
ate in  the  groove  that  separates  the  thalamus  op- 
ticus from  the  corpus  striatum  in  the  lateral  ven- 
tricle. 

TAENIA  So'lium,  T.  08fculis  marginal' ibus  soli- 
ta'riis  seu  cucurbiii')ia  seu  huma'na  arma'ta  seu 
artic'ulos  elemit'teus  seu  secun'da,  Hal'ysis  si, Hum, 
Vermis  cucurbiti'nus,  Lumbri'cus  latus,  So'lium, 
Tenia  sans  epine  ou  d  longues  articulations  ou  & 
anneaux  longs,  Ver  solitaire  ou  cucurbitin,  Long 
Tape  Worm,  has  an  almost  hemispherical,  dis- 
crete head;  an  obtuse  beak;  the  neck  full  ante- 
riorly; all  the  joints  slightly  obtuse,  the  anterior 
very  short;  the  next  almost  square,  and  the  rest 
oblong;  the  marginal  foramina  vaguely  alter- 
nated. The  taania  solium  is  commonly  a  few  feet 
long:  sometimes  its  length  is  enormous.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  met  with  600  feet  long.  It 
principal^  inhabits  the  small  intestines,  and  is 
not  common.  The  oil  of  turpentine,  in  some 
form,  largely  exhibited,  is  perhaps  the  best 
remedy. 

Taenia  Striata,  T.  semicircularis  —  t.  Tarini, 
Lamina  cornea — t.  Tenella,  Bothriocephalus  latus 

—  t.  Vulgaris,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 
T^INIACIDE,  Ta?niafuge. 

T.ENI.E  COLI,  see  Colon  — t.  Valsalva?  Coli, 
see  Colon. 

TiE'NIAFUGE,  Tce'nifuge,  Tai'niaeide,  Tct'ni- 
cide,  Teenieif'ugum,  from  tcenia,  and  fugo,  '  I 
drive  off.'  A  remedy  calculated  to  expel  or  de- 
stroy taenia. 

T^E'NICIDE,  from  tcenia,  and  cceelo,  'I  kill/ 
A  destroyer  of  taenia  or  tapeworm. 

T^NIFUGE,  Tamiafuge. 

T^E'NIOLA,  Bandelette  ;  diminutive  of  Taenia. 
Used  by  Gerber  for  a  simple,  band-like,  or  flat 
fibre.  Filum  tcenieiform'e,  seen  under  the  micro- 
scope. 

TAFFETAS  AGGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra- 
pum  adhaesivum  —  t.  d'Angleterre,  see  Sparadra- 
pum  adhsesivum  —  t.  Epispastique,  Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium  —  /.  Gomme,  see  Sparadrapum  ad- 
ha?sivum  —  t.  Vesicant,  Sparadrapum  vesicato- 
rium. 

TAFIA,  Rum. 

TAIE,  see  Caligo. 

TA1LLADE,  Incision,  see  Entaille. 

TA1LLE,  Lithotomy  —  t.  Hypogastri^ue,  Hy- 
pogastric operation   of  lithotomy,  see  Lithotomy 

—  t.  Posterienre,  see  Lithotomy — /.  Hecto-vSsicale, 
see  Lithotomy  —  t.  par  le  Rectum,  see  Lithotomy 

—  t.  Sus-pubienne.  see  Lithotomy. 
TAKAMAIIAKA,  Fagara  octandra. 
TAKE.  Attack. 

TAKEN  DOWN,  see  Attack. 
TAKING,  see  Contagious. 
TAL.     A  word  formerly  employed  for  alkali. 
It  also  meant  the  dung  of  the  peacock. 


TALC   EARTH 


809 


TAUAXTISMUS 


TALC  EARTH,  M  igi 

T.\  LCUM  N  BPHB  [TICUM,  Nephrcticua 

la,  18. 

TALBN'TUM,  raXmrrev.  An  ancient  weight 
equal  to  ."<l  pounds,  l'  os.,  5  ilr..  and  24  grains. 
Puids  di  Mare.     Bee  Weighta  and  Measures. 

TALBOLUS,  Malleolus. 

TALIACOTIAN   OPERATION,  Rhinoplaatie. 

TALINUM    1Mb  KM.  A  TIM.  see  Mittura. 

TALIPES,  Kylloaia  (Clubfoot)  — t.  Calcaneus, 
Kyllosis — t.  Equinus,  see  Kylloaia — t.  Valgus, 
Kyllosis —  t.  Varus,  see  Kylloaia. 

TALLAHATTA  SPRINGS,  see  Alabama, 
mineral  waters  of. 

'/'.I  LON,  Bee  Caleaneum. 

TALPA,  ■  a    mole.1      Topina'ria,    Tupinn'ria, 
Talpn'ria,  Teetu'do,  (P.)  Taupe.    A  tnmonr  situ- 
ate  on   the  bead,  which  baa   been  snppoai 
burrow  like  a  mole. 

TALPARIA,  Talpa. 

TALUS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus,  sec  Caleaneum. 
Pessary. 

TAMAKA    CONG  \.  Av.r-hoa  carambola. 

TAM  \!;.V.  \  ZBCLA.  Tamarindua. 

TAMARfN,  Tamarindua 

TAMARIN'Dl   PULPA,  Pulp  of  Tamarind*, 
[Tamariuda,  q.  s.     Digest    them    with   a   small 
quantity  of  water,  until  they  become  of  a  uniform 
then    separate   the    seeds   and   fila- 
ment-;, by  pressing  through  a  hair-sieve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 

TAM  GRINDS.  PULP  OP,  Tamarindi  pnlpa. 

TAMARIN'OUS,  T.  Tn'dica,  ThamaHndu*, 
ice')* icon,  Sil'iqua  Arab' tea,  Balampul'li, 
Tamara'a  teclo,  Oxyphcsni'cia,  Aea'eia  In'dica, 
Tamarind  tree,  (F.)  Tamarin.  Ord.  Leguminoaae. 
$y*t.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  pulp  of  the 
tamarind  with  the  seeds  connected  by  numerous 
tough  atringa,  Tamarindm*  (I'h.  U.  S.),  is  ex- 
pnrted  from  the  Weal  Indies,  preserved  in  syrup. 
It  is  refrigerant  and  laxative.  Tamarind  whey 
is  made  by  boiling  t^ij  of  the  pulp  with  Ibiss  of 
milk.  When  strained,  it  is  used  as  a  diluent  in 
fever. 

TAM  VRISCUS,  Tamarii  Galliea. 

TAM'ARIX,  T.  Oal'liea  sen  Pentan'dra,  T«- 
marie'eue.  The  Tomaritk  tree.  Ord.  Tamaris- 
-  f.  Pentandria  Pentagynia.  The 
l>ark.  wood,  and  leaves  were  formerly  employed 
medicinally;  —  the  former  for  its  aperient  and 
corroborant  virtues,  in  obstructions  of  the  liver; 
the  latter  in  icterus,  haemoptysis,  and  some  cu- 
taneons  affecti  i 

TAMBOUR,  CA  VITK  DU,  Tympanum. 

TAMPA    DAY.  see  Saint  Augustine. 

TAMPON,  see  Plugging. 

TAMPONNEMENT,  Plugging. 

TAMUS  COMMU'NIS,  Am'pelo*  melct'un  (Di- 
les),  Ckiro'nia,  Oynescan'tki  sen  Apro'nia 
(Pliny),  Bryo'nia  nigra.  Common  Black  Bry'ony. 
The  root  is  diuretic,  and  has  been  given  as  an 
antilithic  In  the  herb-shops  of  Europe,  it  is 
sold  as  a  topical  application  for  removing  bruise 
marks,  and  in  France  is  called  Herhe  mix  femme* 
battue*;   'herb  for  beaten  or  bruised  women.' 

TANACE'T  DM,  T.  vulga't  i.  Tana' tin,  Athana'- 
tia,  Parthe'nium  mae.  Hind-keel,  Taney,  (F.) 
Tnnaieie  vnlgaire,  Bferbe  anx  vert,  Coq  dee  Jar- 
dine.  Ord.  Compositss.  Sear.  Syet.  Syngeneaia 
Polygamia.  The  leaves  nnd  flowers  of  tansy 
have  a  peculiar,  Strong  odonr,  and  warm  bitter 
taste.  They  are  tonic,  deol.strucnt  [?].  and  an- 
thelmintic. Dose,  Jsa  to  ,^j.  The  infusion  is 
usually  drunk  aa  tea. 

T an ;\( c'rr.vi  Balsami'tA,  T.  hnrten'ei,  TiaUa- 
mi'ta  mat  sen  mdya'ri*  s«-n  enav'eoleut  aeu  major, 
Comtn*  korto'rvm,  Mentha  Roma'na  sen  Saraeen'- 
iea,  Ooetmary,  Aleeoet,  Cock-mint,  (P.)  M<  nth* 
coy,  Herb*  on  eoq,  Grand  Bourne,  A  fragrant- 
•mclling  herb,  somewhat   resembling  mint,  and 


formerly  much  esteemed  aa  a  OOITODOraat,  carmi- 
nutire,  and  etntnenagogue. 

T  \s  \.  i  i  i  m    HOHTI  NMB,  T.  balsamita. 

TaKACB'tUM  M  i  I .  i  ill  o'ki  m.  A  South  African 
plant,  which  is  used  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic 
and  anthelmintic.     It  is  given  in  flatulency,  pout, 

amenorrhea  and  dropsy  :  i>m  la  especially  pre- 
Bcribed  in  cases    of  ascarides    lutnbricoldea  and 

other  ento/oa.     It  is  administered  in  the  form  of 

powder  or  in  fusion  ;    the   latter  acting  also    as   a 

diaphoretic  and  diuretic,     li  ia  used  liken 
nt  and  anodyne  fomentation. 
TANA1SIE  VULQAIRB,  Tanacetum. 

TANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

TANGB,    rayyii,    'rancidity.'      A    putrescent 
tumour. 
TANGHIN1  \.  Oerbera  tanghin. 
TANGLES,  BIG,  Pila  marina— t.  Bine,  Gay-      f 

lussaeia  duinosa. 

TANINUM,  Tanninum. 

TANNIC  ACID,  Tannin. 
TANNKTM   1TRUM,  Tannin. 

TANNIN,  from  (P.)  tanner,  'to  tan.'  Tan'- 
uiiiim  purum,  'J'uiiiii' inn/1.  Tani'nvm,  Prineip'ium 
Adetringene  sen  Scytodep'eicum  sen  Byreodep'- 
sii-nm  sen  Corin'ri  um,  Scytodep'eium,  Matt ' <  ia 
Seytodeph'ica,Acidum  Tan'nicum  sen  Scytodeph'i- 
riim  sen  Quereitan'nieum,  Tannic  acid,  (F.)  Acide 
tannique.  A  principle  obtained  from  oak  bark 
and  other  astringent  vegetables,  so  called  from 
its  forming  the  principal  agent  in  the  process  of 
tanning.  Pure  tannin,  obtained  from  galls,  by 
the  action  of  ether,  (see  Ph.  U.  S.)  has  been  em- 
ployed as  an  excellent  and  powerful  astringent. 
Dose,  two  grains,  repeated  several  times  a  day. 

TANSY,  Tanacetum  — t.  Wild,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

TAPER,  HIGH,  Vcrbascum  nigrum. 

TAPE'TUM,  Tape;Tape'ti,4 tapestry, a  carpet.' 

Tape' turn  choroldea.  A  shining  spot,  on 
the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  in  the  eyes  of  cer- 
tain animals,  which  is  owing  to  the  absence  of 
the  pigmentum  nigrum,  occasioning  the  reflection 
of  a  portion  of  the  rays  from  the  membrana 
Kuyschiana.  Its  use  appears  to  be,  by  reflecting 
the  rays,  to  cause  a  double  impression  on  the 
retina,  and  thus  add  to  the  intensity  of  vision. 

TAPETUM,  see  Corpus  Callosum. 

TapbttjM  Ai.vk'oi.i,  Membra' na  exter'va  den'~ 
tiiim.  The  outer  membrane  of  the  teeth.  The 
lining  membrane  or  periosteum  of  the  alveoli. 

TAPEWORM,  BROAD,  Eothriocephalus  latus 
—  r.  Long:,  Taenia  solium. 

TAPIOCA,  see  Jatropha  manihot  —  t.  Pearl, 
see  Jatropha  manihot. 

T  \  PSUS   BARBATUS,  Vcrbascum  nigrum. 

TAPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TAR,  see  Pinna  sylvestris  —  t.  Barbadoea,  Pe- 
troleum. 

Tar  Bfkr,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Tar.  Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

Tab  Watbb,  sec  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Wine,  see 

Pinus  sylvestris. 

TAR'ACHE,  Taras'it,  Tarag'ma,  Tarag*mue, 
'disorder.'  A  disorder  of  sight  which  arisea 
from  a  blow,  compression  of  the  eye.  or  the  action 

of  dust,  smoke  or  other  external  cause,  By  BOme, 
it  is  understood  to  signify  mild  or  incipient  oph- 
thalmia. 

T/kkixi  tt)s  Kotows,  'disturbance  of  the  belly.' 
Diarrhoea. 

T  PRAGMA,  Tarache. 

TABAGMDS,  Tarache. 

TARAGON,  Artemisia  draeuneulua 

TAR  \l!'».  Peltandra  Virginica. 

TARANTISM'US,  rorenffV«M»,  Toronto?!**. 
mux,  Dinoma'nia,  Chore' a  8ancti  Valenti'nit 
Taren'tulirm,  Tar'anti*m,  from  Tar  en  turn,  or 
Toronto,   where   it    was    observed.      A   feigned   01 


TARANTULA 


900 


TATZE 


imaginary  disease    in    Apulia,  characterized    by  | 
excessive  avidity  for  dancing  at  the  sound  of  in- 
strument?, and   which   was   ascribed,  by  the  vul-  ' 
gar,  to  the  bite  of  the  tarantula.    A  sort  of  taran- 
tismus. considered  peculiar  to  Africa,  and  believed 
to   be   spontaneous,   has   been   called  Tarentismus  , 
Tangita'nns,  Janon-tareutiame. 

TARAN'TULA.  Same  etymon.  Taren'tula, 
(F.)  Tarentnle.  A  species  of  spider — the  A ra'nea 
Tarentufa  of  Linna?us,  Lyco'sa  Tarentula  of  La- 
treille — whose  bite  has  been  looked  upon  as  dan- 
gerous.    Music  h:is  been  thought  to  cure  it. 

TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.     They  contain  iron  and  carbonic  acid. 

TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  taraxacum  —  t. 
Dens  leonis.  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

TAR  AXIS,  Tarache,  see  Ophthalmia. 

TARCHON  SYLVESTRIS,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus  —  t.  Tangi- 
tanus.  Tarantismus. 

TAKEN  TULA.  Tarantula. 

T A R E X X D LIS M,  Taran tismus. 

TARGAK,  Juniperus  communis. 

TARL  Palm  or  cocoa  wine,  from  which  sugar 
was  obtained,  called  Jagre.  It  was  once  used  as 
a  tonic. 

TARI'XI  POXS,  (F.)  Pont  de  Tarin.  A  cine- 
ritious  substance,  between  the  corpora  albicantia, 
which  unites  the  crura  and  assists  in  forming 
the  bottom  of  the  third  ventricle.  The  fossa,  at 
the  bottom  of  which  it  is  placed,  is  called  Locus 
perfora'tus  posti'cus,  Posterior  per'forated  space, 
Substantia  seu  Lam' ina  perfora'ta  paste'  rior. 

TARO,  Arum  esculentum. 

TARSAL,  Tar' sens,  from  tarsus,  (F.)  Tarsien. 
That  which  relates  to  the  tarsus. 

Tarsal  Articulations  result  from  the  union 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus  with  each  other. 

TAR'SEA  LATA  (LIGAMEXTA).  Three 
ligaments,  described  by  Winslow  as  stretching 
from  the  edge  of  the  orbit  to  that  of  the  tarsi, 
with  which,  he  thought,  they  formed  a  complete 
layer  of  the  eyelids.  Zinn  could  not  trace  the 
ligaments  all  the  way  to  the  tarsi ;  whilst  Haller 
doubted  altogether  their  ligamentous  texture,  and 
Zeis  regards  them  as  merely  areolar  substance. 

TARSE US.  Tarsal. 

TARSO,  in  composition,  belonging  or  relating 
to  the  tarsus. 

TARSOMETATARSAL,  Tarso-metatar'seus. 
That  which  relates  to  tarsus  and  metatarsus. 

Tarso-Metatarsal  Articulations  are  those 
between  the  bones  of  the  second  row  of  the  tarsus 
and  the  metatarsal  bones.  The  term  Tarso-me- 
tatarsal  is  likewise  applied  to  ligaments  connected 
with  these  joints,  some  of  which  are  dorsal,  and 
others  plantar. 

TAP  SO- ME  TA  TA  PST-PHA  LAXGTEX  B  U 
POUCE,  Adductor  pollicis  pedis — t.  Phalangien 
du  pouce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis  —  t.  Soua- 
phalangien  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi 
digiti  pedis — t.  Sous-jihalangettien  du  premier  or- 
teil, Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

TARSOPHY'MA.  from  Tarsus,  and  <f,vua,  'a 
tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  tarsus. 

TARSORRHAPHY,  Tarsorraph'ia,  from  tar- 
sus,  'the  tarsal  cartilage,'  and  pacprj,  'suture.' 
An  operation  for  diminishing  th e  size  of  the 
opening  between  the  eyelids,  when  it  is  enlarged 
by  surrounding  cicatrices. 

*TAR30T'0MY.  Tarsotom'ia,  from  tarsus,  and 
ro/irj,  '  incision.'  The  section  or  removal  of  the 
tarsal  cartilages. 

TARSUS,  rapoos,  Planta  prima  seu  Rasse'ta  seu 
Rasce'ta  pedis,  Pe'dium,  C/avic'ulce  pedis  nodus. 
1.  The  posterior  part  of  the  foot.  The  tarsus 
consists  of  7  bones,  arranged  transversely  in  two 
rows,  between  which    amputation    is    sometimes 


performed.     The  first  or   Tibial  roir,   (F.)   Pre- 
miere  rangee,  K.  jarnbiere,  consists   of  the  astra- 
galus and  os  calcis  ;  the  second  or  metatarsal,  (F.) 
Seconde    ranrjee,   R.    metatarsienne,    of   the    sca- 
phoides,  cuboides,  and  three    ossa    cuneiformia. 
2.   The  Tarsi,  Tarsal  cartilages,  Tarsal  fibro-car- 
tilages,  Orchoi,  Crepid' ines  seu  Coru'ncp  seu  Che- 
las,  seu  Un'gulce  Palpebrarum,  Tharsi,  Cil'ia,  are 
two  small  cartilaginous  layers,  seated  in  the  sub- 
l  stance  of  the  free  edge  of  each  eyelid.  The  upper 
;  is  larger  and  broader  than  the  lower.    Both  com- 
;  mence  at  the  bifurcated  extremity  of  the  tendon 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  and  pass  to  the 
'  opposite  commissure    of  the  eyelids.     They  are 
broader  in  the  middle  than  at  their  extremities. 

TARTAR,  Antiraonium  tartarizatum  (impro- 
perly), Potassa?  supertartras  impurus  —  t.  Cal- 
careous, Potassa?  subcarbonas  —  t.  Crystals  of, 
Potassa?  supertartras. 

Tartar  Emetic,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 
Tartar,  Salt  of,  see  Potash,  and  Potassa?  sub- 
',  carbonas — t.  Soluble,  Potassa?  tartras,  see  Potash. 
Tartar  of  the  Teeth,  Odontolithos. 
TARTA'REI  MORBI.     A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  to  designate  certain  diseases  which  he 
attributed  to  tartar. 

TARTAR  I  CRYSTALLI,  Potassa?  super- 
tartras. 

TARTAR'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  tartar'icum  seu 
tartaro'snm  seu  tar'tari  essentia'le,  Acor  tartar'- 
icus,  Sal  tartari  essentia'le,  Tarta'reous  acid,  (F.) 
Acide  tartrique.  (Potasses  bitart.  ftniss,  aq. 
destillat.  ferv.,  cong.  iij.  cretce  ppt.  foj,  acidi 
sulpk.  Ibj.  Boil  the  bitartrate  with  two  gallons 
of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the  prepared 
chalk,  until  no  more  bubbles  appear;  let  the  tar- 
trate of  lime  subside  ;  then  pour  off  the  fluid  and 
wash  the  tartrate  of  lime  with  distilled  water, 
;  until  it  is  tasteless.  Pour  upon  it  the  sulphuric 
!;  acid,  diluted  with  a  gallon  of  boiling  distilled 
water;  and  set  the  mixture  aside  for  24  hours, 
occasionally  stirring  it.  Filter  and  evaporate  it 
to  crystallize.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  refrigerant  and 
antiseptic,  but  is  chiefly  used  for  making  efferves- 
cent draughts  with  soda. 

TARTARUM,  Potassa?  supertartras  impurus— 
|;  t.  Solubile,  Potassa?  tartras  —  t.  Yitriolatum,  Pc- 
j  tassa?  sulphas. 

TARTARUS  AMMOXLE,  Ammonia?  tartras 
r  — t.  Chalybeatus.  Ferritin  tartarizatum  —  t.  Cru- 
ij  dus,  Potassa?  supertartras  impurus  —  t  Dentium, 
Odontolithos  —  t.  Emeticus,  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum— t.  Kalicoferricus.  Ferrum  tartarizatum  — 
t.  Kalinus,  Potassa?  tartras — t.  Lixivia?,  Potassa? 
tartras  —  t.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Potassa?  ferruginosus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Stibiatus.  Antimonium  tartarizatum — t.  Subpo- 
tassieus,  Potassa?  supertartras — t.  Superpotassicus. 
Potassa?  supertartras  —  t.  Tartarizatus,  Potassa? 
tartras. 

TARTRATE  D'AJWOXIAQUE,  Ammonia? 
tartras. 

TARTRE  BRUT,  Potassa?  supertartras  impu- 
rus— t.  Cru,  Potassa?  supertartras  iinpurus— f.  des 
Bents.  Odontolithos  —  t.  Emetique,  Antiraonium 
tartarizatum — t.  Stibie,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 
TASIS,  Extension,  Tension. 
TASTE,  Gustus,  Geusis,  Geuma,  Genthmos.  (F.) 
Govt.  One  of  the  five  external  senses,  which  in- 
structs us  of  the  savours  of  bodies,  and  of  which 
the  tongue  is  the  principal  organ. 

Gustation,  Gustatio,  is  the  exercise  of  this  fa- 
culty. In  disease,  the  taste  frequently  becomes 
variously  vitiated.  The  nerves  of  taste  are  pro- 
bably the  glosso-pharyngeal,  and,  perhaps  also, 
the  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 
Taste.  Savour. 

TATZ'E.  The  fruit  of  Vijrsi'im  Atrica'nn.  a 
native  of  Abyssinia,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the 


TATTOOING 


901 


TELA 


Azores,  and  Algeria,  whioh  is  used  M  ■  ta>nia- 

TATTOO'ING.     A  practice,  with    the   Booth 

i  [slanders,  of  puncturing  the  skin,  and  forc- 
ing coloring  matters  into  the  punctures.  Ballon 
in  ull  countries  are  in  the  custom  of  practising  it 
by  rubbing  <t  forcing  gunpowder  into  the  puno- 
tnres.  The  figures,  thus  formed,  remain  through 
life. 

TAUPE,  Talpa. 

TAUROCOL'LA,  from  ravpos,  'a  bull,'  and 
•  glue.'    Glue  made  of  the  ears  and  genitals 

of  the  bull.     It  was  formerly  much  at  teemed. 

TAURUS,  Penis,  Perineum. 

TAXIS)  'arrangement;'  from  raoou,  'I  order,' 
'I  arrange;'  Rcpoeitf'io,  Heduo'lio,  Syntax1  it.  A 
methodical  pressure  exerted  by  the  hand  on  a 
hernial  tumour,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  it. 
This  operation  is  generally  easy  in  hernia  that 
■re  free  from  adhesions,  of  small  siae,  and  with  a 
pening  into  the  sac:  but  it  is  very  difficult 
and  frequently  impracticable  in  those  that  are 
adherent  or  strangulated.  To  perform  the  taxis, 
the  patient  Bhould  be  put  in  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture, and  in  one  in  which  the  parietes  of  the  ab- 
domen  are  relaxed.  The  manual  procedure  va- 
ries in  each   species  of  hernia.      In   all   <-.- 

-are  of  the  parts  imi.-t  be  avoided  ;  as 
inflammation  and  gangrene  might  be  induced. 
The  displaced  organs  must  be  pushed  into  the 
abdomen,  according  to  the  direction  of  the  a\  - 
of  the  hernial  sac.  The  reduction  is  sometimes 
favoured    by    blood-letting     nd    deliquinm  ;    the 

warm  bath;  warm  fomentations:  tobacco;  emol- 
lient glysters  :  and,  at  times,  by  cold  applications, 
.  Ac.  In  a  case  of  strangulated  hernia, 
should  the  taxis  fail,  an  operation  becomes  ne- 
mry. 

TAXO'DIUll  DIS'TICHUM,  t  Wjd  <  i  'eue  a*iV- 
tirJiii,  Silntber' tin  die'ticka,Cypre$e,  IJulrf  Oyprete  ; 
indigenous.  Nat.  Ord.  Conifers*.  A  balsam, 
obtained  from  it,  is  applied  to  cuts  and  wounds. 
The  resin  from  the  cones  is  diuretic  and  carmina- 
tive. 

T\X<»xomy,  Biotaxy. 

TAXI-  BACCA'TA,  rafa.  The  Yew  tree, 
Saiilax,  Sinilas,  Thym'aloe,  (¥.)  If.  Family,  Co- 
nifers •'.  Dioecia   Munadelphia.     The 

■  tfl    believed   the   yew  tfl  be    poisonous ;   bul 
the    fruit    may   be   eaten    without   inconvenience. 
The  leaves  have  been  often  recommt  nded  in  epi- 
lepsy.     The  resin,  obtained   from    the   bark,   has 
called  albir. 

TAXI'S  CANADENSIS,  American  Tew, 
0 round  Hemlock  ;  indigenous.  The  leaves  are 
said  to  be  sedative. [  ?  ] 

TAXWAX.  see  Nucha. 

7.1  }'/:.  Caligo. 

TAYLOR'S  REMBDY  FOR  DEAFNESS, 
ium. 

IB  \.  Thea — t.  Apple,  see  Apple  tea—  t.  Baha- 
ma, Lantaoa  eaniara  —  t.  Beef,  see  15eef  tea  —  t. 
Berried,  Gaultheria. 

l'i  ^  Bi  aar,  Gaultheria. 

Ti\.  IIi.wki.mikim,  see  Galeopeis  grandiflora 
— t.  Brasil,  Lantana psendothea  —  t.  Bushman's, 
llethyscophyllum  glauevm — t.  Caffre,  Helichry- 
mm  nudifolium — t.  Chicken,  see  Chicken  tea — t. 
ed.  I  ii  in  s  u  in  Lini  compositum  —  t.  Qinger, 
Infusum  Zingiberis — t.  Hottentots',  Helichrysum 
serpyllifolium — t.  Labrador,  Ledum  latilblium  — 
t.  Lemon-peel,  see  Citrus  medics  —  t.  Lye,  Phy- 
siek's,  see  Fuligokali  —  t.  Marsh,  Ledum  palus- 
tre  —  t.  Mexico,  Chenopodium  ambroeioides  —  t. 

Mint,  Infusum  menthsB  —  t.  .Mountain,  Caulthe- 
ria — t.  Mutton,  see  Mutton    tea  —  t.  New 

Celastrui — t  Osu  la  eoecinea—t.  Red- 

berry,  (Jaultheria— t.  Sassafras,  Saloop  —  t.  Slip- 
pery elm,  Infusum  Lini  compositum  —  t.  Soot, 


see  Fuligokali — t.  South  sea,  Ilex  romitoria — f. 

B|  ani.-h.  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — t.  Veal,  see 

Veal  : 

1  KAK.  Paronychia. 

TEAR,  Sax.  reap,  Lac'ryma,  Loch'rwma, 
ihita,   Luv' ruiiui,    Dacry,    Daefryma,    Dae'rycm, 
Hmmor  lacryma'lic,   Eyedrop,   Weeping-tei 
Letrme.   An  excrementitious  humour, 

the  lachrymal  gland,  and  poured  between  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  and  the  eyelids,  to  facilitate  the 
motions  of  those  parts.  The  tear.-  are  saline,  in- 
odorous, and  colourless.  They  turn  the  syrup  of 
violets  green  ;  and  contain  chloride  of  .-odium, 
with  ex  :  phosphates  of  lime  and  soda, 

and  albumen,  and  a  special  organic  matter  called 
Lac' ry mine  and  Throwine* 

TEARS,  DEERS',  Beaoar  of  the  deer. 

TEASEL,   CULTIVATED,  Dipeacui   syWes- 

tris. 

TEASICE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

TEAT,  Nipple. 

TE  kZEL,  Eupatorium  perfoliatuin. 

TECEDON,  Phthisis. 

TECNOCTONIA,  Infanticide. 

rEI  NOL'OGY,  Tecol'ogy,  Tecuolog"ia,  Teco- 
loef'ia,  from  rt/ou?  and  re^os,  'a  child,'  and  Xuyos, 
•a  description.'      A  treatise  on  children. 

TECOLITHOS,  Judmus  (lapis.) 

TECCMA  RADI'CANS,  Bigno'nia  rndi'cans, 
Trumpet  flower,  Trumpet  creeper,  Virgin'ia  creep- 
er. Indigenous:  the  orange  and  scarlet  flowers 
appearing  in  July.  Order,  Bignoniacca;.  The 
leaves  are  acrid. 

TECTARIA  CALAIIUALA,  see  Calngualae 
radix  —  t.  Ferruginea,  see  Calnguala?  radix. 

TELA.  'la, da. 

TEETH,  Bee  Tooth— t.  Barred,  Barrcce  (Dent*) 
— t.  Eye,  Canine  teeth — t.  Jaw,  Molar  teeth  — t. 
.Miik.  see  Dentition — t.  Neck  of  the,  Collum  den- 
tium  —  t.  Shedding  of  the,  see  Dentition — t.  Vi- 
treous rabstanee  of  the,  Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  t. 
Wisdom,  see  Dentition — t.  Wit,  see  Dentition. 

TEETHING,  Dentition. 

TEOIMEN,  Integument 

TEGMEN,  Integument. 

TEGULA  HIBERNICA,  II ibernicus  lapis. 

TEGUMEN,  Integument 

TJtQ  I  WENT,  Integument 

TEGUMEN'TARY,  Tegumenta'riue,  (F.)  Te- 
gumentaire.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  in- 
tegument. 

TEGUMEN'TUM,  Integument— t  Anris,  see 
Tympanum  —  t.  Ventriculorum  cerebri,  Centre, 
oval,  of  the  brain. 

TEIGNE,  Pityriasis,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— t.  Aunulaire,  Porrigo  scutulata — t.  tnAnneau, 
Porrigo  scutulata — UjFaveuee,  Porrigo  favosa — 
t.  Furfuracie,  Porrigo  furfurans — t.  Nummulaire, 
Porrigo  scutulata. 

TEINESMOS,  Tenesmus. 

TEINODYN'IA  :  fromrctmv,  ' to  extend,' and 
oSwn,  'pain.'     Pain  of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINOPHLOGO'SIS ;  from  tuvmu,  '  to  ex- 
tend,'and  <p\oyw<Tis,  'inflammation.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINTURE,  Tincture  —  /.  Eihfrfe,  see  Ethe- 
real—  /.  Rubffiante,  Tinctura  cantharidis. 

TEKEDON,  Tabes. 

TELA,  Texture.  Tissue  —  t  Accidental 
dullaris,  Bncephaloid  —  t.  Cavernosa,  Cai  ernetn 
texture — t.  Cellulose,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Cornea, 
Corneous  tissue—  t.  Choroidea,  Ch oroides  tela — t 
Emplastica,  Bparadrapum  —  t.  Breetilis,  Erectile 
tissue — ■  t.  Fibrosa,  see  Fibrous — t.  Galteri,  Bpa- 
radrapum Galteri — t.  Hippocratis  cribrosa,  Cellu- 
lar tissue — t.  Hymenochondroides,  Tissue,  earti- 
Bs—  t.  Hymenoohondrodes,  Tissue,  cartila- 
.  ginous — t.  Ichthyocolluj  glutinans,  sec  Sparadra- 


T  E  L  A  M  0  N 


902 


TEMPORAL 


■p'.un   adhsBsivum — t.  Inodularis,  Tissue,  modular 
— t.  Organ ica,  llistos  —  t.  Vesicatoria,  Sparadra- 
pura»  vesicatoriuin. 
TELAMON,  Habena. 

TELAMO'XES.  rtAoyiwi'ej,  'bandages.'  Char- 
pie,  used  for  wounds;  or  linen  employed  for 
bandages. 

TELAXGECTASIS,  Telangiectasia. 

TELANGIECTASIA,  Telangiectasis,  Telan- 
gec'tasis,  Angeiotelccta'sia,  H&matotelangio'sis, 
Jlcemotelanqio'sis,  Angiecta'sia,  Anastomo'sis 
tineiiryxiiiat'  icn  ;  from  rtAoj,  'far,'  ayytiov,  'ves- 
sel,' and  fAcratns,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  far  or 
capillary  vessels.  Naevus  maternus.  Aheurisni 
by  anastomosis.  According  to  some,  fungus  hte- 
matodes.     See  Haematodes  fungus. 

Telangiectasia  Occli,  Cirsophthalinus. 

TELEPH'IUM,  Ulcus  telephium,  Achille'um. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  any  ulcer  of  a 
very  bad  kind,  and  difficult  to  cure,  because  the 
wound,  which  Achilles  inflicted  on  Telephus,  de- 
generated into  a  similar  ulcer. 

Tklephitm.  Sedura  telephium. 

TELLURISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

TELLU'RIUM,  (F.)  Tellure  ;  from  tellus,  tel- 
luris,  '  the  earth.'  A  metal  first  met  with  in  the 
gold  mines  of  Transylvania.  It  is  of  a  bluish 
white  colour,  very  volatilisable :  specific  gravity 
6-1 15 .;    and  oxidizable    in  the  air  and  by  heat. 

The  salts  of  tellurium  occasion  the  exhalation  of 
so  disagreeable  an  alliaceous  odour  from  the  body, 
that  they  have  not  been  much  experimented  with 
as  therapeutical  agents. 

TELUM,  Penis. 

TE.MPE,  Temple. 

TEM'PERAMEXT,  Temperamen'tum,  Temper- 
atu'ra,  Tempera'tio,  Tempe'ries ;  from  tetnporare, 
'  to  moderate,'  originally  from  tempus,  temporis, 
'  time.'  the  great  temperer  ;  Complex'io,  Crasis, 
JSucra'sia.  A  name  given  to  the  remarkable  dif- 
ferences that  exist  between  individuals,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  variety  of  relations  and  proportions 
between  the  constituent  parts  of  the  body.  Thus, 
of  old.  it  was  supposed  that,  according  to  the  pre- 
dominance of  any  one  of  the  four  humours  then 
crenerally  admitted, — blood,  lymph,  bile,  and  atra- 
iiilis  or  black  bile, — the  manifestations  of  the 
functions  were  tempered  or  modified  so  as  to  give 
rise  to  a  sanguine,  lymphatic,  choleric,  or  atrabi- 
lious or  melancholic  predominance  or  tempera- 
ment. The  idea  of  the  existence  of  certain  of 
these  humours  has  been  banished  ;  yet  the  influ- 
ence of  some,  as  of  the  blood,  lymph,  and  bile,  is 
still  admitted  by  many.  Too  much  influence  has, 
doubtless,  been  assigned  to  temperament  in  the 
sense  in  which  it  was  formerly  and  still  is  gener- 
allv  understood,  although  there  can  be  no  ques- 
tion that  difference  of  organization  occasions  a 
difference  in  the  activity  of  organs. 

Temperament,  Bilious,  Choleric  tempera- 
ment. 

TEM'PERAX'CE,    Sophms'yne,    Nephal'iotes, 
Sobri'etna,    fjobri'ety.     Same    etymon.     Modera- 
tion, opposed  to  gluttony  and  drunkenness.    The 
advantage  of  temperance,  in  a  hygienic  point  of 
view,  requires  no  comment. 
TEMP  E  It  A  X  T  S,  S  e  d  a  t  i  v  e  s . 
TEMPER ATIO,  Temperament. 
TEMPER ATUR A,  Temperament. 
TEMPERIES,  Temperament. 
TKMPLE,   Tempus,  Re' gin   Temporalis,  Crot'- 
aphnx,  (F.)    Tempe.     A  depression,  on  each  side 
of  the  head,  between  the  forehead  and  eye  ante- 
riorly, and  the  ear  posteriorly.     The  temples,  dis- 
tinguished into  right  and  left,  correspond  to  the 
temporal  fossa  on  each  side.     The  word  is  said  to 
be  from  the  Latin  tempus,  'time,'  because  in  this 


irst  begins  to  turn  white,  and  to 
That  which    re- 


part  the  hair 
indicate  age. 

T  E  M  POR  A  L,    Temjwra'lis. 
lates  to  the  temples. 

Temporal  Aponecro'sis  is  a  very  strong  apo- 
;  neurosis,  of  a  bluish,  shining  colour,  which  is  at- 
;  tached  to  the  whole  of  the  curved  line  of  the 
I  temporal  bone;  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  malar 
!  bone;  to  the  superior  margin  of  the  zygomatic 
1  arch  ;  and  forms  an  envelope  for  the  temporal 
|  muscle. 

Temporal  Arteries,  Crot'aphite  Arteries,  are 
several :  —  I.   The    Temjwral  Artery,  properly  so 
called,  arises  from  the  outer  side  of  the  superior 
'  part  of  the  external  carotid.     It  ascends  between 
the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  the  parotid  gland,  which  covers  it  as 
,  far  as  the  zygomatic  arch.  Above  this  it  becomes 
subcutaneous ;    and,    when    it    has    attained   the 
'•  middle  of  the  temporal  region,  it  divides  into  two 
|  branches;  the  one  anterior — A.  temporalis  fron- 
talis seu  inter'ua  seu  ante'rior  :  the  other  poste- 
rior—  the  A.  temporalis  occipitalis  seu   exter'na 
|  seu    supe'rior.     The   temporal  artery,  before  its 
jj  division,  gives  off,  1.  Branches  to  the  parotid;  to 
I  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw;  to  the  meatus  audi- 
torius, and  to  the  masseter.     2.  The  transverse 
artery  of  the  face.   3.   The  middle  temporal,  which 
i  arises  beneath  the  cheek-bones,  and  traverses  the 
|  temporal  aponeurosis,  immediately  beneath  that 
bone.     II.   The  Deep-seated  Tem'porals — A.  tem- 
para'les  profun'dce.     These  are  two  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  internal  maxillary,  and  have 
been  distinguished,  from  their  position,  into  an- 
terior and  posterior.     They  send  their  principal 
divisions  to  the  temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  Bone,   Os  tem'poris  seu  temporale 

seu  arcua'le  seu  arma'le  seu  parieta'le  inferins 

seu   crot'nphum   seu   memen'to   mori   seu  mendo'- 

;  sum  seu  crot'aphit'icnm  seu  lapido'sum,  is  seated 

j:  at  the  lateral  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium,  of 

j!  which  it  forms  part:  and  contains,  within  it,  the 

special  organs  of  audition.     It  is  usually  divided 

'  into    three    portions  :  —  1.  The  squamous.   Pars 

'   sqnamo'sa,  Squama,  Lejyis'ma,  Os  lepidoi'des  seu 

squamo'sum  seu  squamifor'me,  (F.)  Portion  ecail- 

I  leuse  ou  squameuse.    2.   The  mastoid  portion,  and, 

I   3.   The  Petrous  portion,  Petrous  Proc"ess,  Pyr'- 

amis  trigo'ua,  Os   fapide'um    seu    lapido'sum  seu 

sax'eum  seu  petro'sum  seu  litho'ides  seu  durum  seu 

prcBruptcB  rupi  assimila'tum  seu  nervale,  Pars  pe- 

tro'sa,  P.pyramida'lis  ossis  tem'poris,  (F.)  Portion 

pierreuse,  liocher,  Ospetreux,  Apophyse  ])yrami- 

dale,  A.  peiree. 

It  has,  first,  an  auricular  or  external  face,  on 
;  which  is  a  surface  that  makes  part  of  the  tempo- 
ral fossa;  the  zygomatic  process  ;  the  glenoid  ca- 
vity ;  the  fissure  of  Glaser ;  the  meatus  audito- 
rius externus ;  the  mastoid  process;  the  digas- 
;  trie  groove;  the  canalis  caroticus  ;  the  jugular 
fossa  ;  the  styloid  process  ;  the  stylo-mastoid  fo- 
ramen, &C.  2.  A  cerebral  or  internal  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  cavity  of  the  cranium, 
and  on  which  is  the  Pars  petrosa,  the  hiatus  Eal- 

I  lopii,  the  meatus  auditorius  internus,  the  fissure 
of  the  aquceductus  vestibuli,  a  portion  of  the  gut- 
ter for  the  lateral  sinus,  &c.  3.  A  circumference, 
on  which  is  observed  the  orifice  of  the  bony  por- 
tion of  the  Eustachian  tube,  the  aquceductus 
cochlea?,  &c.  The  temporal  bone  is  articulated 
with  the  sphenoid,  occipital,  parietal,  malar,  and 
inferior  maxillary  bones.  It  is  developed  from 
five  points  of  ossification. 

Temporal  Fossa,  Fossa  temporalis,  is  an  ex- 
cavation, observed  at  each  side  of  the  head.  It 
is  filled  by  the  muscle  whose  name  it  bears,  and 

II  is  formed  by  the  temporal  and  sphenoid,  below  ; 
[;  by  the  parietal  and  frontal  bones,  above ;  is 
[j  separated,    by    a    transverse    crista,    from    the 


TEMPOR  0-A  URIC  UL .  1 IR  E 


9  0  3 


TEXSEUR 


sygomatic  fossa;  and  completed,  before,  by  the 
cheek-bone. 

iRAt  Kr/SOLR,    Tempora'lie,  Crotaphi'tet, 

|  V.        1    ■  ■"/ i-tri, >/>(>/<>  iitu.ri/l'iirt'.    T>  in  jiiiid    inn.iil- 

-  a  broad,  Battened,  triangular  mus- 

cle,  which  fills  the  temporal  fossa.  Its  fibres  sre 
atta<  hed  to  the  temporal  aponeurosis  ami  fossa : 
ami  all  converge   into  a  strong   tendon,  which 

under  the  sygomatic  arch,  and  is  ii 
into  the  eoronoid  process  of  the  lower  jaw.     This 
muscle  raises  the  lower  jaw.  and  applu  a  the  teeth 
against  each  other. 

Ti  up  iral  Nr.i:vis.  These  are  distinguished 
into  the  enperfieial  temporal,  furnished  by  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair, behind 

iyle  of  the  jaw  ;    and  the  (,  mporn  ■ 

fitit'li.  —  anterior  and  posterior, —  furnished  by 

me    nerve    at    its    exit    from    the    cranium. 

Sb'mmering  has  given  the  name  temporal  to  the 

divisions  sent  by  the  facial  nerve  to  the  temporal 

Trvporal  Vkins  were  formerly  called  JEtoi 
or  A-  .  A'l'nilir   \'r»a>. 

TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE,  A  Moll  ens  au- 
rem. 

TEM'PORO  -  FA'CIAL,  Tem'poro-faeia'lie. 
Belonging  to  the  temple  and  face. 

Tbmporo-PACIAL  Nk.iivk,  Nervn*  tempar 
all*.      A   braaefa   of  the   facial   nerve  distributed 
to  tin'  face  and  temple. 

T  E  M  P  0  A'  O.M  A  X  ILL  A  III  E,  Temporo- 
maxillarv.  see  Temporal  muscle. 

TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY,  Tem'poro-maxih 
V.)  Temporo-maxillaire.  That  which  be- 
long to  the  temporal  bone  and  lower  jaw. 

TbupORO-MaXILT.ART  ARTICULATION  or  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw.  is  seated  between  the  glenoid 
cavity  and  transverse  process  of  the  temporal 
•  n  the  one  hand,  and  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw  on  the  other.  Two  thin  cartilages 
cover  the  surfaces  of  these  bonee.  The  one  is 
common  to  the  transverse  process,  and  the  por- 
tion of  the  glenoid  cavity  anterior  to  the  fissure 
of  Qlaser;  the  other  belongs  to  the  condyle. 
This  articulation  is  furnished  with  an  inter-arti- 
cular fibro-cartilage,  two  synovial  capsules,  and 
two  lateral  ligaments:  —  the  one  internal,  and 
the  other  external. 

TBYPORO-MAXILLARV  Nkiivrs  of  Bichat  are 
the  divisions  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  temporal  and  maxillary  region?. 

TEMPUS,  Temple  — t.'lntercalare,  Apyrcxia. 
Intermission. 

TEM'ULENCE,  EbrTetat,  Ebrioe'itae,  Afethy*'- 
mn«.  Aft  th' I/sin,  Temnfeii'tia,  Temfuleney,  Tm  b  i"o' - 
timi,  Tntoxiea'tion,  Drunk' enne»*  : — from  wine, 
(Enophlyg"ias  (Enophlyx'ie,  Vinolen'tia,  Vi'no- 
V.  i  fvreeee;  from  temetum,  nt$v,  'wine,  any 
intoxicating  drink.'  Plater  gave  this  name  to 
delirium  :  Ettinuller,  to  an  apoplectic  condition, 
depending  upon  drunkenness;  the  Apoplex'ia 
Temnfen'ta  or  dead  drunkenness.  Commonly, 
Temulentia  is  used  synonymously  with  drunken- 
fetMe;  and  is  often  employed  in  the  de- 
scription of  diseases  to  indicate  a  state  resembling 
drunkenness.  Mania  e  Temnlentid  is  the  same 
no.  The  French  use  the  term 
for  drunkenness,  fvroynerie  for  habitual 
drunkei 

TKMULBNTIA,  Temulence. 

TEN  ICULA,  Hone-nippers  —  t.  Volsella,  For- 
thotomy  . 

T BNAC'U  LI "  M. '  tenax,  fenaeie, <  holding  fast,') 

from    teneo,    '  I    hold.'       A    kind     of    fine     hook 

attached  to  i  handle  which  is  thrust  through  the 

-    of  a    blood-vessel  to   draw  it    out    and 

enable  it  to  be  tied. 

Tin v  ii  iM.  Assaliivi's.  An  ingenious  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Asaalini.     It  consists  of  a  for- 


ceps, or  double  tenaculum,  the  points  of  which 
are  fine,  sharp,  and  bifurcated,  so  a>  to  be  readily 
i  into  each  other  when  the  Instrument  is 
dosed  on  the  artery,  which  it  is  by  a  spring.  It 
Is  of  great  use  when  the  surgeon  has  DO  ast 
at  hand.  The  instrument  is  figured  in  S.  Cooper's 
•'  First  Lin 

TENA  1 1. 1. 1:  IXCfSt  YE,  Bone-nippers. 

TEN  ASM  US,  Tenesmus. 

TRNDINES  CORONARLE,  Coronary  tendons. 

T  BN'Dl  N  OUS,  Tendino'tue,  Tendin'ene, 
Sin'etoy,  (V.)  Tendineur,  from  t,  >,,/,,,  Uudinie,  *a 
tendon.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to,  or  having 
the  nature  of  tendons. 

TENDO,  Tendon  —  t.  Cordis  venoxis,  CirCulttS 
callosus  llalleri. 

TENDON,  Tendo,  Pronerva'tio,  Tenon,  from 
raiuj.  tendo,  'I  stretch.'  Sinew,  7'lirir,  Leader, 
(Prov.)  0 aider.  A  fibrous  cord,  more  or  less 
round,  long,  or  flattened  :  of  a  white,  pearl  colour, 
and  composed  of  very  close  parallel  fibres.  The 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  bones,  by  one  ex- 
tremity; by  the  other,  they  receive  the  insertions 
of  the  fleshy  fibres:  sometimes  they  afford  attach- 
ment to  fleshy  fibres  at  both  ends;  —  as  in  the 
digastric  mU80le.  The  tendons  must  be  con- 
sidered as  so  many  cords,  for  transmitting  the 
motion  of  muscles  to  the  bones  or  levers. 

TENDON  UACHILLE,  Achillis  tendo. 

Tbndox,  Cordiporm,  ok  tiik  Diaphragm,  Cen- 
ter, phrenic. 

TENDONS,  TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub- 
sultus  tendinum. 

TENEOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TEXESME,  Tenesmus  —  /,  de  VCEeophage, 
GSsnphagistnus —  t.  VMcal,  Bradysuria. 

TENES'MUS,  Teine8'ni(>8,  Ten  an'  nuts,  from 
rcivo),  '  I  stretch.'  Proe'tica  seu  Obetipa'tio 
Teneemue,  Proetoepas'mHe,  Tinag'mju,  (F.)  Te- 
nesme,  Epreinten.  Frequent,  vain  and  painful 
desires  to  go  to  stool;  —  one  of  the  chief  .symp- 
toms of  inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  digestive  tube,  as  of  dysentery. 

Tknksmis  Vesicas,  Bradysuria  —  t.  Vesicae 
mucosus,  Cystirrhoea. 

TENETTES,  Forceps  (craniotomy). 

TEXIA.  Taenia. 

TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
On  the  waters  of  the  French  Broad  River,  in  this 
State,  is  a  large,  clear,  thermal  spring.  The  heat 
is  so  great  that,  on  first  going  into  the  water,  it 
is  almost  insupportable. 

TENON,  Tendon. 

TENONT'A&RA,  from  rtvwv,  revovros,  'ten- 
don,' and  aypa,  '  seizure.'  A  variety  of  gout, 
which  affects  the  tendinous  parts  of  muscles,  or 
the  tendinous  ligaments  which  strengthen  certain 
articulations. 

TENONTOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TEXONTOTRO'TI.  from  rev*v,  rcvovrog,  'ten- 
don,'  and  titpuoku,  '  I  wound.'  They  who  are 
wounded  in  the  tendons.  —  Galen. 

TENOSYNI'TIS,  Tenoeynovi'tit  [?],  (F.)  7V'- 
nnsynite.  An  imperfectly  formed  term,  from 
rtvuv,  'a  tendon,'  tya,  and  iti#,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  synovial  sheath  of 
a  tendon. 

TENOTOME,  Tenot'omne ;  same  etymon  as 
the  next.  An  instrument  for  dividing  tendons, 
illy  by  the  subcutaneous  method. 

TENOTOMY,  Tenotnm'ia,  Teneotom'ia,  Tenon- 
totom'ia,  Sets' tio  seu  Dieeee'tin  ten'dinnm,  (F.)  Tt- 
HOtomie,  from  rmn»,  'a  tendon,'  and  Tnun.  'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  dividing  a  tendon, 
often  practised  for  the  removal  of  lozarthrus,  or 
deviation  of  the  joints  —  as  in  club-foot. 

TBNSBVR  />/■:  VAPON&VROSE  FlSMO- 
BALE,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 


TENSION 


904 


TERES 


TEN'SION,  Ten'sio,  Tensu'ra,  Tasis,  Dlat'aais, 
Entou'ia,  (Entonia  is,  also,  used  for  over-tension,) 
Coiiten'sio,  Disten'sio,  from  tendere,  tensnm,  *  to  J 
stretch.'  State  of  a  part,  which  is  stretched, 
when  its  textures  are  distended  by  the  afflux 
of  fluids,  or  the  accumulation  of  gas;  or  when 
its  fibres  are  drawn,  as  it  were,  in  an  opposite 
direction,  and  are,  consequently,  more  resisting 
than  usual. 

TENSIVE,  Tensi'vus,  Tono'des,  (F.)  Tensif. 
Same  etymon.  Accompanied  by  tension  or  by  a 
fueling  of  tension  —  as  a  '  tensive  pain.' 

TENSOR  CH0R0IDE.E,  Ciliary  muscle  — t. 
Palati.  Circumflexus  musculus. 

Tensor  Tarsi.  A  small  muscle,  belonging  to 
the  inner  commissure  of  the  eyelids,  well  de- 
scribed by  Professor  Horner,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
hence  termed  Muscle  of  Burner.  It  is  about 
three  lines  broad  and  six  long:  arises  from  the 
posterior  flat  surface  of  the  os  unguis,  near  its 
junction  with  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  passes  for- 
wards and  outwards,  lying  on  the  posterior  face 
of  the  lachrymal  ducts.  As  it  approaches  the 
commissure  of  the  lids,  it  splits  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts,  each  of  which  is  appropriated  to  a 
duct,  and  inserted  along  its  course,  almost  to  the 
punetum  lacrymale.  Its  chief  office  seems  to  be, 
to  influence  the  position  of  the  punetum  lacrymale, 
and  to  regulate  the  course  of  the  tears  through 
the  lachrymal  ducts. 

TENSOR  Tym'pani,  Inter' mis.  Ann's,  Interims 
Mai' lei,  (F.)  Salpinyo-malleen.  A  small  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian 
tube,  and  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which  is  re- 
flected over  the  processus  cochleaformis,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  apophysis  of  the  handle  of  the 
malleus. 

Tensor  Vagina  Femoris,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 
TENSURA,  Tension. 
TENSUS,  Penis. 

TENT,  Tentn,  Tnrun'dn,  and  its  diminutive, 
Turiui'dnla,  Penic'nlus,  Penieil'lns,  Penicil'lum, 
J/titos.  Lemnis'ens,  Licin'ium,  (F.)  Tente,  Meche, 
from  tendere,  tensnm  or  ten  turn,  'to  stretch.'  In 
surgery,  tents  are  small  rolls  of  lint,  of  a  cylin- 
drical or  pyramidal  shape,  which  are  introduced 
into  wounds  and  deep  ulcers,  to  prevent  them 
from^closing  before  they  are  filled  up  from  the 
bottom.  Tents  are  sometimes,  also,  made  of  pre- 
pared sponge,  gentian  root,  &c.  They  are  not  so 
much  used  as  they  formerly  were. 

TENTACULARIA,  Filaria  hominis  bron- 
chialis. 

TENTACULUM  CEREBELLI,  Tentorium. 
TENTA'MEN  MED'ICUM.  'A  medical  trial.' 
From  tentare.  'to  try.'  An  examination  in  medi- 
cine, in  the  Prussian  universities,  which  is  con- 
ducted both  in  writing  and  viva  voce  before  the 
Dean  of  the  Medical  Faculty. 

TESTE,  Tent  —  t.  da  Cerrelet,  Tentorium. 
TENTIGO    VENEREA,    Nymphomania  — t. 
Verefri,  Satyriasis. 

TENTIPEL'LUM.  from  tendere,  tensnm  or 
tentnm.  '  to  stretch,'  and  pellis,  '  the  skin.'  Ancient 
name  of  a  cosmetic,  with  which,  it  was  pretended, 
wrinkles  could  be  effaced. 

TENTO'RIUM,  T.  cerebel'lo  super-exten'sum, 
T.  cerebc/li,  Tentac'nhun  cerebelli.  Septum  enceph'- 
ali,  Diaphrag'ma  cerebri,  Intersep'ta  horizonta'- 
lia  Pacchio'ni,  Proces'sns  transfer' sns  dura?  ma- 
trix, Lateral  Processes  of  the  Dnra  Mater,  Trans- 
verse septum,  (F.)  Tente  dn  cervelet,  Plancher  dn 
Cervean, Septum  tranxrerse  (Ch.),  from  tendere,  ten- 
snm or  tentnm,  '  to  stretch.'  A  process  of  the  dura 
mater,  which  separates  the  cerebrum  from  the 
cerebellum.  It  extends  from  the  internal  hori- 
zontal spine  of  the  occipital  bone,  directly  for- 
wards to  the  sella  Turcica  of  the  sphenoid. 


Tkntorkm  Cerebei.li,  Tentorium. 

TENTUM,  Penis. 

TENTWORT.  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

TENUIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

TENUITAS  AQUOSA,  Pra>dominium  aqua. 

TEPHRO'SIA  APOLLINE'A,  GnU'yn  Apol- 
If ne'a  of  Egypt  and  Nubia.  Order,  Leguminoss, 
The  leaves  are  often  found  mixed  with  senna. 

Tkphkosia  POrpu'REA,  Gale'ga  pnrpn'rea  of 
the  coast  of  Coromandel.  The  root  is  bitter,  and 
a  decoction  of  it  is  prescribed  by  the  native  doc- 
tors in  dyspepsia,  lientery,  and  tympanites. 

Tephrosia  SbNNA.  The  leaves  are  used  for 
senna  by  the  people  of  Popayan. 

TEPHHOSIA  Toxka'ria,  Gale'ya  toxica'ria  of 
Cayenne.  The  leaves  are  used  for  poisoning 
fish.  It  has  been  suggested  as  a  substitute  for 
digitalis. 

Tephrosia  Yirginiana,  Galega  Virginiana. 

TEPIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

TEPLITZ.  Toplitz. 

TERAS,  Monster. 

TERATOG"ENY,  Teratorfcn'ia,  from  repas, 
reparos,  'a  monster,'  and  yzvccis,  'generation.' 
The  formation  of  monsters. 

TERATOL'OGY,  Teratohxf'ia,  from  repas, 
rcpnroi,  'a  monster,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  monsters. 

TERATOSIS,  see  Monster. 

TERCERON,  see  Mulatto  —  t.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

TEREBELLA.  Trepan. 

TEREBELLUM.  A  name  given  by  Duges  to 
a  perforator,  Perce  crane,  of  his  invention. 

TEBEBEXTHIXE,  Terebinthina— t.  de  Bor- 
deaux, see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Ohio,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus  —  t.  de  Copahu,  Copaiba  —  t. 
Commune,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  d'E<j;jpte,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  t.  de  Gilead,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum — t.  dn  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum  —  t.  de  Judee,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum —  t.  de  Meleze,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEBEBEXTHIXE,  Terebinthinate. 

TEREBIN'THINA,  from  tcouivZos,  or  rtpr/Jtv- 
£o?.  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Tur'pentine,  Botin, 
Albotim,  Altilibat,  Brutino,  (F.)  Terebenthine.  A 
substance,  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  which 
flows  from  many  trees  of  the  terebinthaceae  and 
coniferae  families.  It  is  viscid;  shining:  more 
or  less  transparent;  inflammable;  of  a  warm, 
pungent  taste;  strong  smell;  and  is  entirely 
composed  of  resin  and  essential  oil,  without  ben- 
zoic acid.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol.  See  Turpen- 
tine, Pinus  palustris  and  Pinus  sylvestris.  All 
the  turpentines  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  ca- 
thartic. 

Terebinthina  Argentoratensts,  see  Pinus 
picea  —  t.  Balsamea,  see  Pinus  balsa mea  —  t.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t.  Chia,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus — t.  Communis,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris—  t.  Cypria,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t. 
Empyreumatica,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Larici- 
na.  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Veneta,  see  Pinus  larix — 
t.  Vera,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  Vulgaris,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Venise,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBIN'TIIINATE,  Terebinthina' tus,  (F.) 
Terebenthine.    Having  the  qualities  of  turpentine. 

TEREBINTHUS,  Terminthus— t.  Gummifera, 
Bursera  gummifera — t.  Lentiscus,  Pistacia  len- 
tiseus  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TEREBRA,  Trepan. 

TEREBRATIO.  Trepanning. 

TEREDO  OSSIUM,  Caries,  Spina  ventosa. 

TERES,  Stron'gylus,  Ci/lindroi'des  'long  and 
round,'  from  tero,  '  to  rub,'  quasi  'rubbed  smooth 
or  round.'  An  epithet  given  to  many  organs,  the 
fibres  of  which  are  collected  into  round  fasciculi. 

Teres     Ligamen'tum,     (F.)    Ligament    rond. 


TERESIS 


TESTICLE 


This  name  is  given  to  the  round  ligament  in  the 
eotyloid  cavity  of  the    os    innominatum,  which 

is  attached  to  the  head  of  the  bone,  and  t"  the 
bottom  of  the  cavity.  It  is,  also,  Lri\en  to  a 
small  fibrous  fascia,  which  extends  from  the  eo- 
runoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  below  the  bicipital 
tubercle  of  the  radius. 

Terrs  Major,  (F.)  Anguli-tcapulo-kumiral, 
Scapula-hut  ■  Grand  rand,  Is  situate  at 

the  interior  ami  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  scapula  :  to  the  corresponding  part  of 
.try  margin  :  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the 
humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  backwards  and 
inwards,  and  carries  it,  also,  inwards  in  rotation. 
When  it  acts  with  the  longissimus  dorsi  and  pec- 
torali.-  major,  it  applies  the  arm  against  the  late- 
ral part   of  the  chest,  ami  keeps  it  forcibly  there. 

Tbri  -  Minor,  Nonus  hu'meri  Placenti'ni,  (V.) 

Le  pin-   petit  Hiin-svnjiiilii-trorhiteritn   (Cli.    .    /'■'   I 

ro/i'/.  ifargini-sus  mitj, nil, -trui  hiti'iii  a,  is  situ- 
ate at  the  posterior  ami  inferior  part  of  the 
■boulder;  it  i.-  narrow  and  flattened,  from  above 
to  below,  in  its  inner  half:  and,  from  before  to 
behind,  in  the  outer.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one 
part,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  scapula,  near  its 
inferior  angle  :  and,  on  the  other,  to  the  inferior 
part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  humerus.    It 

arm,  and  causes  it  to  turn  on  its 
axis  from  within  outwards.  It  also  carries  it 
backwards. 

TERESIS,  Observation. 

TERETRIUM,  Trepan. 

TERETRON,  Trepan. 

TERGAL,  Dorsal. 

TERGEMINI,  Trigemini. 

TERGUM,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

TERMINALIA,  Bee  Myrobalanua. 

TERMINOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 

TK  KM  INT  HI'S.  Terebin'thus,  from  re  nivSo;, 
'the  turpentine  tree.'  Phyma  Anthrax,  Terntin- 
thuH,  Berry  or  Fungous  carbuncle.  The  ancients 
pave  this  name  to  a  tumour,  surmounted  by  a 
black  pustule,  and  resembling  the  fruit  of  the 
turpentine  tree. 

Trrmintbus.  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TERMINUS  SUPERIOR  ASPERJE  AKTE- 
RUB,  Larynx. 

TERMONOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 

TERMS,  Mei  - 

TERRA  AB80RBENS  MINERAL^,  Magne- 
sias carbonas  —  t  Aluminis,  Argilla  pura — t.  Ama- 
benas — t.  Amara  Bulpbu- 
rica.  MagnesiaB  sulphas  —  t.  Argillacea  bydrata, 
Argilla  pura — t.  Argillacea  pura,  Argilla  pura — t. 
Bolaris,  Argilla  pura  —  t.  Foliata,  Sulphur  —  t. 
Foliata  mineralis,  Soda  noetata — t.  Foliata  tartari, 
Potaasse  acetas  —  t.  Fornacnm,  see  Bricks  —  t. 
Fullonica,  Cimolia  purpureecens  —  t.  Japonic*, 
in,  Nauclea  gambir. 

Tbrra  Lrm'hia,  /.»  mp'niac,  Argilla  bolus  flava, 
Lem'nian  Earth.  A  name  Lrivcii  by  the  ancients 
lid,  reddish,  astringent,  substance,  pre- 
pared with  the  pulp  of  the  fruit  of  the  Baobab, 
an  African  tree,  according  to  Prosper  Alpinus. 
.-.  however,  to  be  an  argillaceous  earth. 
It  has  been  employed  a-  an  astringent. 

:\  LlVolf'lCA.     A  terra  tigilfa'ta  or 
earth  from  Livonia,  redder  than  that  from  Silesia, 
and  very  astringent 

Trrui  Mb RtTA,  Curcuma  1">  fra. 

TBRRA    No<  i  U  k/jTA.      A  whitish,  soft,   and   as- 
tringent earth,  found  in   the   environs  "I 
in   Italy. 

Tkiuia   Orlba'ba,    Pigmen'tum  urucu,   Unteu, 
I'.    /.'        .  Koncou,  Bichet.     A  pigmental  matter 
obtained   from   the    *<  eds  of  /;, , ./    | 
Oreilu'na    seu  America' na,   Orellu'itu,   Orlea'na. 


In  Jamaica,  it  is  recommended  in  dysentery,  and 
is  considered  to  \  gent  ami  Btomachie 

qualities.  It  is  called,  according  to  its  shape, 
J-  In;/.  Roll,  or  Egg  An  motto. 

Spanish  Annotto,  Bixa,  \<  in  small,  oblong 
cakes.     It  is  ehiefly  employi  .  louring 

matter. 

Tl  1:1:  \    I  >S'BB  \.  Wati  '  Bonj    matter. 

The  earthy  portion  of  bones. 

Ti  bra  Pobdi  ROSA,  Baryta — t  Ponderoaa  mu- 

riata,  Baryta,  muriate  of — t.  Ponderoaa  salita, 
Baryta,  muriate  of — L  Saponaria,  Cimolia  pur- 
pureecens. 

Tbrra    Pobi  i  •;  vi.'t.icA.    Barroe,    I 
reddish,  astringent,  styptic  earth,   obtained   from 
Portugal 

Tbrra  Sigilla'ta,  Sealed  Earth.  A  bole  or 
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes  (  r  ilat 
masses,  ami  stamped  with  certain  impressions,  as 

with  the  head  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To  these 
belong  the  Terra  Sileeiaca,  Terra  Lemnia,  T. 
Turcica.     See  Bole  and  Bolus  alba. 

TBRR  v  mi  i  Bl  LCA,  Bl  B  Terra  sigillata  —  t.  Tal- 

oxyanthracodes,   MagnesiaB    carbonas  —  t. 

Turcica,  see  Terra  sigillata. 

TBRRA  Uiu'N.t:.  The  earthy  deposit  in  the 
urine. 

Tbrra  Vitrioli  Dvlcis,  Colcothar. 

'1  KKIl.b:  SIGILLATA,  Bee  Bole,  Bolus  alba, 
and  Terra  sigillata. 

TERRAPIN,  Emys  palustris. 

TERRE  HOI. Aim:,  Bolus  —  t.  Sfagnfsienne, 
-;;e  carbonas — /.  Noix,  Bunium  bulbocae- 
tanum  —  t.  Pesante,  Baryta  —  t.  SigilHe,  Bolus 
alba. 

TERRETTE,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

TERTIAN  FEVER,  Febris  tertia'ua,  An'etue 
tertianue,  Tritat'ue,  Tertian  or  Third  Day  At/ne, 
Third  l)inj  Feeer,  (V.)  Fiivre  tierce,  from  tertiue, 
'  the  third.'  An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  every  third  day.  or  every  1>  hours.  The 
mildest,  and  the  most  pernicious,  intermittent! 
belong  to  this  head.  As  a  general  rule,  it  i.-  the 
most  manageable  form  of  ague. 

A    double   tertian,    (F.)    Double    tierce    (J 
has   a   paroxysm   every  day,  —  the  paroxysms  of 
alternate  days  being  associated* 

TERTIANARIA,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

'1  ESSARA,  Cuboid. 

TESSELLA,  Tabella. 

TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see  Docimasia  pulmonurn 
—  t.  Hydrostatic,  see  Docimasia  pulnionum  —  t. 
Ploncquet's,  sec  Docimasia  pulmonurn — t.  Static, 
see  Docimasia  pulmonurn. 

TESTA,  ('a  shell,')  see  Ostrea  —  t.  Ovi,  see 
Membrana  putaminis. 

Testa  Prabpara'ta,  Prepared  Oyster-shell. 
Oyster-shell,  freed  from  extraneous  matter, washed 
with  boiling  water,  reduced  to  powder,  and  pre- 
pared in  the  .-aim'  manner  as  Creta  praparata. 

TESTA'CEOUS,  Testa' ecus,  (V.)  Testact,  from 
tistn,  'a  shelL'  A  powder,  consisting  of  burnt 
shells.  These  contain  carbonate  of  lime  chiefly, 
and    hence   the    term   lias   been   applied   to  creta- 

CeOUS   >uli-t;it  i    leta. 

TESTJH   FOBN  \<   i:.K,  Bricks— t.  Ostn 
Ostrea. 

TESTES.   The  Testicles, see  Testicle.  Vulgar- 

ly,  the  Stoma.  A  name,  also,  given  to  the  infe- 
rior tubercles  of  the  corpora  quadrigemina,  to  dis* 
tinguish  them  from  the  superior,  called  Nates. 

Ti  3TB8  Cbri  i'.ii.  bi  e  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

rES'TICLE,  Testis,  '/'.  viri'lis,  Teetic'uhc, 
Orckit,  Pom  urn  amo'ris,  Did'ymus,  Her'uia,  Gem'- 
itii  (pi.),  Gemelli  (pi.),  (hum,  (F.)  Testieule,  from 
leaf / '», ' a  witnesa  f  because  the  testicles  are  evi- 

of  virility.  The  name  of  two  glandular 
organs,  contained  in  the  scrotum,  wbose  olhee  is 
tO  secrete   sperm.      The   Substance  of  the   testicle 


TESTICONDUS 


90G 


TEUCRIUM   CRETICUM 


consists  of  numerous  conical,  flattened  lobules —  II 
lob'ttli  tenth  —  whose  bases  are  directed  towards  || 
the  surface  of  the  organ,  and  the  apices  towards 
the  corpus  Highmorianam.  They  are  formed  of 
a  gray  and  softish  substance,  composed  of  tor- 
tuous canals,  called  Tu'buli  seu  Canalic'uli  semi- 
it  if  cri  seu  semina'les,  Vasa  setniua'lia,  Vus'cula 
serpen ti'na,  folded  on  each  other,  and  of  extreme 
fineness;  the  number  of  which,  according  to  the 
estimate  of  Monro,  is  62,500,  and  the  total  length 
5,208  feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their 
course,  pass  through  the  corpus  Highmorianum, 
concur  in  forming  the  epididymis,  and  give  origin 
to  the  vas  deferens.  The  testicles  are  covered, 
immediately,  by  a  fibrous  membrane,  of  an  opake 
white  colour,  and  very  tough,  called  Tu'nica  Al- 
bttgin'ea,  or,  simply,  Albugiu'ea,  Perites'tis,  (F.) 
Pei ididyme,  of  which  the  corpus  Highmorianum 
is  only  an  enlargement.  Over  this,  again,  is  the 
tunica  vaginalis,  the  second  envelope  of  the 
testis. 

Testicle,  Swelleo,  Hernia  humoralis. 

TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis. 

TESTICULAR, Teetieula'ris,  (F  )  Testictdaire. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  testicle. 

TESTICVLE,  Testicle. 

TESTICULUS,  Testicle  — t.  Accessorius,  Epi- 
didymis—  t.  Caninus,  Orchis  mascula. 

TESTIMONIUM  MATURITA'TIS.  'Evi- 
dence of  fitness.'  A  certificate  of  complete  edu- 
cation, required,  in  the  Prussian  universities,  of 
a  candidate,  before  he  can  be  admitted  to  exami- 
nation for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

TESTIS  FEMINEUS,  Ovary  —  t.  Irritable, 
Orchidalgia  —  t.  Minor,  Prostate  —  t.  Muliebris, 
Ovary — t.  Virilis.  Testicle. 

TESTUDIXATIO  CRANII,  Camarosis. 

TESTU'DO,  Chelo'ne,  (F.)  Tortue.  A  genus 
of  reptiles,  including  the  turtle,  the  flesh  of  which 
is  much  esteemed  as  an  article  of  diet. 

Also,  an  encysted  tumour,  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  resemble  the  shell  of  a  turtle;  Emphy'- 
ma  encys'tis  gang' lion.     See  Talpa. 

Testudo  Cerebri,  Fornix  —  t.  Scapulae,  see 
Scapula. 

TET,  Nipple. 

TET'ANIC,  Tetan'icum,  Spas'ticttm,  Convulsi'- 
vum,  Convulsive,  (F.)  Tetaniqtte,  from  reivta,  'I 
stretch.'  A  remedy,  which  acts  on  the  nerves, 
and,  through  them,  on  the  muscles,  occasioning, 
in  large  doses,  convulsions.  The  chief  agents  of 
this  class  are  Xux  Vomica,  Strychnia,  Brucia, 
Arnica,  and  Toxicodendron. 

Also,  an  epithet  for  a  tonic  convulsion. 

TETANINE,  Strychnia. 

TETANOMATA,  Tetanothra. 

TETANO'THRA,  Tetanom'ata,  Entgato'ria, 
from  TiTdvos,  'free  from  wrinkles.'  Medicines 
which  remove  wrinkles.  —  Gorraeus. 

TETANOS,  Tetanus. 

TET'ANUS,  from  ruvw,  'I  stretch.'  Spasm 
with  rigidity,  Convul'sio  In'dica,  HoJoton'ia,  Ho- 
loton'icus,  Hototet'anns,  Tet'anus  universa'lis,  Ri- 
gor nervo'sm  seu  uervo'rum,  Extett'sio  seu  Dis- 
ten'sio,  Ent'i'sia  tetanus,  Cat'ochus  cervi'ntis  seu 
holotoii'icus,  (F.)  Tetanos,  Mai  de  cerf.  A  dis- 
ease which  consists  in  a  permanent  contraction 
of  all  the  muscles  or  merely  of  some,  without 
alternations  of  relaxation.  It  is  characterized  by 
closure  of  the  jaws;  difficulty  or  impracticability 
of  deglutition;  rigidity  and  immobility  of  the 
limbs  and  trunk,  which  is  sometimes  curved  for- 
wards iEmprosthot'onos),  sometimes  backwards 
{Opisthotonos),  and  sometimes  to  one  side  (P/eu- 
rothot'ono*).  When  tetanus  is  confined  to  the 
muscles  of  the  jaws,  it  is  called  Trismus.  It  is 
a  most  formidable  affection.  The  means  of  treat- 
ment are.  —  copious  and  repeated  blood-letting; 


bathing,  cold  and  warm  ;  powerful  doses  of  opium, 
and  other  narcotics.  In  Traumat'ic  Tetanus,  or 
that  which  supervenes  on  a  wound,  every  extra- 
neous matter  must,  of  course,  be  removed  from 
the  wound,  and  soothing  applications  be  made 
to  it. 

Tetanus  Anticus,  Emprosthotonos  —  t.  Dolo- 
rificus,  Cramp  —  t.  Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Lateralis,  Pleurothotonos  —  t.  Maxillae  inferioris, 
Trismus  —  t.  Posterganeus,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Posticus,  Opisthotonos  —  t.  Universalis,  see  Te- 
tanus. 

TETART^EUS.  Quartan. 

TETARTOPHI'A,  from  nrapros,  'the  fourth.' 
and  (pvw,  '  I  arise.'  Quarta'uus  remit' tens.  A 
quartan,  in  which  the  intermission  is  inordinately 
short  or  imperfect. 

TETE.  Caput,  Head  —  t.  de  Vcau,  Elephanti- 
asis of  the  Greeks. 

TETRADRACH'MON,  from  nrpag,  'four,' and 
Spa^nr),  'a  drachm.'  A  weight  of  four  drachms 
or  half  an  ounce. 

TETRAGONUS,  Platysma  myoides. 

TETRAHIT  LONGIFLORUM,  Galeopsis 
grandi  flora. 

TETRAMY'RON,  from  rerpag,  '  four/  and  pm- 
pov,  'an  ointment.'  An  ointment  of  four  ingre- 
dients.—  Galen. 

TETRANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

TETRANTHERA  PICHURIM,  Pichurim 
beans. 

TETRA'O  COTUR'NIX,  Coturnix,  the  Quail} 
(F.)  Gaille;  Class,  Aves ;  Ord.  Gallinacea?.  The 
quail  is  an  esteemed  article  of  diet.  The  Greek 
name  is  oprv%,  oprvyos ;  and  the  places,  called 
Ortygia,  are  named  after  it.  The  excrements  of 
the  quail  were  formerly  extolled  in  epilepsy,  and 
the  fat  in  specks  of  the  eve. 

TETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from  rerpag,  'four,' 
and  (jjapfjiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine  consist- 
ing of  four  ingredients. 

TETRAS'CELUS,  from  rcrpa,  'four,'  and  er<re- 
Aoj,  '  leg.'     A  monster  having  four  legs. — Gurlt. 

TETROB'OLON.  The  weight  of  four  oboli, 
or  two  scruples.  —  Gorraeus. 

TETROROS,  Astragalus. 

TETTER,  Herpes— t.  Crusted,  Impetigo  —  t. 
Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa  —  t.  Humid.  Eczema 
impetigo  —  t.  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Pustu- 
lar, Impetigo  —  t.  Running,  Impetigo  —  t.  Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 

TETTERWORT,  Chelidonium  uiajus. 

TEUCRIUM  ^EGYPTIACUM,  T.  capitatum 
—  t.  Belium,  T.  capitatum. 

Teucrium  Capita'tum,  T.  Bel' i tint  seu  sEgyp- 
ti'acum,  Po'litun  Capita' turn,  Poley  Mountain  <>/ 
Montpel'lier,  Ord.  Labiatae,  is,  generally,  substi- 
tuted for  T.  chamaedrys.  The  common  Poley 
Mountain  is  the  Teucrium  monta'num ;  and  the 
Golden  Poley  Mountain,  the  Teucrium  Po'litun, 
Po'lion. 

Teu'crium  Chamjs'drys,  T.  officinale,  Cha- 
mcedrys,  C.  minor  repens  seu  vulga'ris,  Otter' cttla 
minor  seu  Calamandri'ua,  Trissa'go,  Cltamce'- 
drops,  Trixa'go,  Common,  Creeping  or  Small  Ger- 
mander, English  Treacle,  (F.j  Petit  chine,  Che- 
nette,  Germandree  officinale.  This  is  possessed 
of  aromatic  and  bitter  properties.  The  dose  of 
the  dried  powder  is  from  £ss  to  £j. 

Teucrium  Cham^ep'itvs,  Chamapity*,  Arthet'- 
ica,  Arthrctica,  Aju'ga,  A.  seu  Btt'gula  Chamai'- 
pitys,  Abiga,  Cliamtsmo'rus,  fva  arthrit' ica,  lln- 
loc'yrnn,  lo'nia,  Sideri'tis,  Common  Gronndpine, 
(F.)  Petite  Ivetle.  Properties  like  the  last.  The 
tops  and  leaves  have  been  recommended  as  ape- 
rients and  tonics ;  especially  in  female  obstruc- 
tions, and  in  paralytic  disorders. 

Teucrium  Cret'icum,  T.  hyssopi/o'/inm  seu 
Ro8marinifo'lium,  Bosmari' nus  stoe'ehadis  facie, 


TEXTUM   INTERLOBULAR E 


THEBES]  (JS,    VEINS   OF 


Pmley-mountain  of  Gaudy,  Po'lium  Crei'icum.  I 
The  tops  and  whole  herb  enter  into  the  old  com- 
pounds. Mithridate  and  Theriaea.  It  bas  a  mo- 
derately aromatic  smell :  and  a  nauseous,  hitter 
taste,  and  is  placed  among  the  aperient!  and  cor- 
roborants. 

Xbucrium   Fuvmi   baa  similar  properties  to 
T.  cbamsedrys. 

:i  \i  lh  i  sopiFOLiDM,  T.  Cretieum. 
:n  m  1\  v.  Chama'pity*  maecha'ta,  ha,  I. 


tha'ta  M< 


lisp'  I 


C/i'inur piti/H  anthyV 


lut,  French  Grouudpine,  (P.)  Ivette  muequSe.  [I 
baa  similar  virtues  to  T.  Chamsepitje,  but  ia 
weaker. 

:hm  Maritimi  m.  T.  Marum. 

Ti  i  crium  Ma rdm,  '/'.  marit'imum,  Marum  8y- 
riacuin  sen  Crtl'irum  sen  v  rum  sen  Cortu'ei,  Ma- 
iora'na  Syr'iaca,  Chama'drye  inea'na  marit'ima 
ecu  marum,  Oria'anum  Syriacum,  Marum  ger- 
mander, Syrian  herb  mattich,  Cat  thyme,  1. 
Marum  ou  GermandrSt  maritime,  Herbt  anx  chat*. 
A  very  aromatic  plant,  <>t"  a  camphorated  smell : 
formerly  mocfa  used  in  medicine  u  a  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, emmenagogui  . 

rium  Officinale,  T.  ohamsedrys— fc  Pa- 
lustre,  T.  Bcordium  —  t  Pyramidale,  Ajuga  —  t. 
Rosmarinifolium,  T.  Creticnm. 

Tri  crii  M  Scor'dium,  '/'.  palut'tri,  Scordium, 
'go  palusftri*,  Chamadrys  palustris  sen 
tcor'dium,  Al'lium  red'olene,  Water  Germander, 
i  1'.  GermandrS*  tcorodone,  Sange  de$  boie,  Ger- 
mandrie  aquatique.  The  leave.-  bave  a  gnrlicky 
pmell.  and  bitterish,  slightly  pungent  taste.  It 
has  the  tonic  properties  of  the  other  Teucria. 

TEXTUM  INTERLOBULARE,  Interlobular 

tis.-ue. 

TEXTURA,  Texture— t.  Organ ica,  Histos. 

TEX'TURAL.  Same  etymon  as  Texture. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  n  texture. 

TEXTURE,  Texhi'ra,  Textile,  (ram  texere,  tex- 
tum,  'to  weave.'  Tela,  Hypha,  Hyphi.  The  par- 
ticular arrangement  of  the  tissues  that  constitute 
an  organ. 

TEXTUS,  Texture.  Tissue— t.  Cellulosus,  Cel- 
lular tissue  —  t.  Desmosus,  Desmoid  tissue  —  t. 
Erectilis,  Erectile  texture — t.  Nervorum,  Plexus 
nervorum  —  t.  Organicus,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Pa- 
pillaris, Corpus  papillare — t.  Parenchymals,  Cel- 
lular tissue. 

TH/KRIA.  Radsyge. 

THAL'AMUS,  $aAajioS,  (F.)  Couehe,  'A  room 
or  chamber;  a  bed.'  The  place  at  which  a  nerve 
originates,  or  has  been  considered  to  originate. 

Thai/ami  Nbrvo'rum  Optico'rum  seu  Op'- 
tii  i,  I'. i.i in' u' tier  magna*,  cer'ebri.  Ganglia  cerebri 
j,r,>.ti'r<i.  Crura  meduPfai  oblongata  (of  some), 
Stria' ta  cor'pora  tnper'na  poeterio'ra,  Ofdfic'uli 
in rru' rum  optico'rum,  Optic  thal'ami,  Posterior 
cer'ebral  gan'glion,  (F.)  Couch  en  dee  m 
Inirea  (Ch.),  C.  den  nerfe  optiquee,  C.  <>/i/>'</u<  *. 
Two  rounded  and  irregular  surfaces,  which  are 
seen  exposed  in  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the  hrain, 
and  in  the  third  ventricle,  the  inferior  surface  of 
which  presents  two  projections,  called  Corpora 
genicnla'ta,  that  furnish  several  filaments  to  the 
optic  nerves.  The  name  was  given  from  a  helief 
that  the  optic  nerves  originate  from  them.    They, 

however,  arise  mere  ]  oeb  riorly,  ami  adhere  m<  rely 
to  the  inner  margin  of  those  bodies.  (Jail  consi- 
ders, that  the  thalami  act  as  ganglions  to  the 
nerves;  juid.  hence,  he  calls  them  Grand  ganglion 
ciribral  inffrieur.  They  are,  also,  called  Potte~ 
rior  ganglion  of  (If  cerebrum.  From  the  thalami 
nn«l  corpora  striata  fibres  proceed  upwards  to  con- 
stitute the  convolutions  of  the  brain,  ami  the 
various  bands  that  connect  the  different  parts  of 

the  hrain  together.  The  upper  and  inner  ]  arts 
of  the  thalami  are  so  closely  connected  ns  to  form 
one  continued  surface,  called  Cvmviieeu'ra  mullix. 


-terior  parts  turn  down  wards  nnd  out- 
ward.-;  after  which  they  are  elongated  to  form 
the  two  white  cords,  termed    Tractut  op'tid, 

THALAMUS  RbOALIS,  Pericardium. 

THALIC'TRON,  ^/,\<*r,  uv,  Thalictrvm,  T. 
magnum  seu  flavum  sen  flavee'ee/u*  sen  praten'ei 
seu  ni'gricant  sen  rugo'enm  sen  vagina'tum,  Rha~ 
bar'barum  pau'perum,  Meadow~rue,  Poor  Man'* 
Rhubarb,  [¥.)   Pigamou  jaundtre,  Rm   da 

Rhabarbe,  Rhabarb*  dee  pauvree.  Ord. 
RanunculacesB.  Sex.  Syet.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  root  resembles  rhubarb  in  its  properties. 

THALIC'TRUM  ANEMONOI'DES,  Meadow 
Rue,  Rne-lenved  Anem'ony;  an  indigenous  plant, 
flowering  in  April  and  May. 

THAMARIND1  8,  Tamarind  us. 

THAME.  Pollex. 

THAN  \  SI. MIS.  Mortal. 

THANATODES,  .Mortal. 

THAN'ATOID,  ThanaM'de* ;  from  e^mroi, 
'death,'  and  fiiof,  '  resemblance.'  Resembling 
death.     Apparently  dead. 

THANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog'.'ia,  Thnesm- 
log''ia,  from  Qavuros,  'death,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  dis- 
course.'    A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of  death. 

Til  WATOS.  Death. 

THAP'SIA,  from  the  island  Thapsus.  The 
deadly  carrot,  thapm'a  aecle'piae.  Family,  TTm- 
belliferae.  Sex.  Syet.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
root  operates  violently,  both  upwards  and  down- 
wards.    It  is  not  used. 

THAPSUS  BARRATUS,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

THARSI,  see  Tarsus. 

THASP1UM  ACT^EIFOLIUM,  Ligusticum 
actseifolium. 

Thaspiuu  ATnopuRPc'nFi'M,  Th.  corda'tnm, 
Round  heart.  Order,  UmbelliferSB.  The  flowers, 
which  appear  in  June,  are  of  a  dark  purple. 

Thas'pium  Barbino'de,  Meadow Parenep.  An 
indigenous  plant,  of  the  Northern  and  Western 
State-,  which   flowers  in  June.      Flowers,  yellow. 

Roth  plants  have  been  esteemed  vulnerary, 
antisyphilitic,  and  diaphoretic;  and  as  antidotes 
to  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake. 

Thaspium  Corbatum,  Th.  atropurpureum. 

THE.  Thigh. 

77/ A",  Thea  —  /.  dee  Apalaehee,  Ilex  vomitoria 
—  t.  (In  Canada,  Gaultberis — t.  Compose",  Species 
— (.  d' Europe,  Salvia  veronica — /.  de  France,  Sal- 
via— /.  dt  Jersey,  Celastrus — t.  de  hi  Mir  du  Sud, 
Ilex  vomitoria — f. du Merique,  Chenopodium  am- 
br<  Bioides  —  t.  de  Simon  Pauli,  3Iyriea  gale  —  t. 
Suisse,  Falltranck. 

THEA,  Chaa,  Ten.  (F.)  The.  There  are  two 
principal  species  of  tea-plant  ;  the  Thea  Bohe'a, 
and  Thea  vir'iilin  ;  the  black  tea,  and  the  </'""• 
Ord.  Camelliese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  In  commerce,  many  kinds  of  tea  are  met 
with.  Several  of  the  differences  between  these 
appear  to  result  from  the  age  at  whicb  the  leaves 
have  been  collected,  and  the  mode  of  their  desic- 
cation. 

Tea-drinking  was  introduced  into  Europe  about 
the  year  1 666 :  since  wbicb  time  its  u.-e  lias  become 
almost  universal :  and,  in  spite  of  the  assertions  of 
medical  terrorists,  it  is,  except  in  particular  idio- 
syncracies,  entirely  harmless. 

Bj  an  analogical  transference,  very  common 
in  language,  the  word  Tea  has  been  nsed  almost 
synonymously  with  infusion,  as  Beef  /"/,  Mint 

lea,  etc. 

Tin:  \  (ii  RifAKioA,  A'>  ronica. 

THEEE'SIUS,  VEINS  OF.  A  name  given  to 
supposititious  branches  of  the  coronary  veins, 
which  Christopher  Adam  Thebesias,  a  German 
anatomist,  described  as  opening  into  the  heart 
by  .-mall  depressions  observable  in  the  right 
auricle:  and  which  have  been  called  Foram'ina 


T II E  C  A 


908 


THERIACA 


Thele'tsii.  No  such  veins  can  be  demonstrated. 
The  valve,  at  the  orifice  of  the  coronary  vein, 
in  the  right  ventricle,  is  called  Valvula  Thebe'sii, 
V.  Quiff artia'na,   V.  voice  magna, 

T1IECA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath  — t.  Cerebri, 
Cranium  —  t.  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  t.  Folliculi, 
see  Folliculi  Graafiani— t.  Vertebralis,  see  Verte- 
bral canal. 

THECI'TIS,  from  theca,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.   A  term,  of  hybrid  formation,  signify- 
ing inflammation  of  the  sheaths  of  tendons. 
THE  IN,  see  Coflfea  Arabica. 
THEIOX,  Sulphur. 

THEIOPEG.E,  Waters,  mineral  (sulphureous.) 
THEIOTHERM.E,  Waters,   mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

THELASIS,  Lactation. 
THELASMUS,  Lactation. 
THELASTRIA,  Nurse. 
THELE,  Nipple. 

THELI'TIS,    (F.)    Thelites   from    6n\t],    <  the 
female   nipple,'  '  the  female  breast,'  and  itis,  de-  J 
Doting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 
THELOX'CUS,  Mastoncus. 
THELORRHAG"IA,  from  &r)\r,,  'nipple,'  and 
payv,  '  a  rupture.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  nipple. 
THELOS,  Mamma. 

THELYGON'IA,  from  S^Ao?.  'pertaining  to 
the  female  sex/  and  yovr),  'generation.'  The  part 
taken  by  the  female  in  the  act  of  generation. 
Also,  nvmphoinania. 

THELYGONUM,  Sperm  (of  the  female.) 
THELYPTERIS,  Pteris  aquilina. 
THE  NAD,  Thenal. 

THENAL,  Thenar;  same  etymon  as  thenar. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  thenar. 

Thenal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  thenar  is  situated. — Barclay.  Thc- 
uad  is  used,  adverbially,  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  thenal  aspect.' 

THENAR,  S-evap,  from  Sevw,  « I  strike,' '  I  push.' 
The  palm  of  the  hand,  or  sole  of  the  foot. 

Thenar,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus,  Palm. 
Thenar  or  Thenal  Eminence  is  the  projec- 
tion at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  hand, 
formed  by  the    abductor   brevis,   opponens,  and 
flexor  brevis  pollicis. 

Thenar    or   Thenal   Mcscle.      Riolan    and 
Winslow   give    this    name    to    the    fleshy  mass, 
formed  of  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens  pollicis, 
and  the  interior  part  of  the  flexor  brevis  pollicis. 
In  the  foot,  Winslow  gives  the  name  Thenal  mus- 
cle to  the  abductor  and  flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 
THEOBROMA  CACAO,  Cacao. 
THEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 
THEOPLEGIA,  Apoplexy. 
THEOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEORETICAL,      Theoret'icus,      Theo'ricits, 
from  Siwjicu.  '  I  contemplate.'     (F.)  Theoretique, 
Theorique.     That  which  is  confined  to  theory,  or 
is  connected  with  it.     An  epithet  also  applied  to 
a  sect  of  physicians,  who  founded  their  doctrine 
chieflv  on  reasoning. 
THEORIA,  Theory. 
THE  OR  [QUE.  Theoretical. 
THE'ORY,     Tkeo'ria,    (F.)     Theorie.       Same 
etymon.    The  speculative  part  of  a  science.    The 
connexion    established   in    the    mind   between  a  II 
general  fact,  or  the  least  possible  number  of  gene-  ' 
ral  facts,  and  all  the  particular  facts  dependent 
thereon  :  for  example,  the  motions  of  the  heavenly  j] 
bodies,  and  the  most  important  natural  pheno- 
mena are  connected  with  a  single  fact,  previously  I! 
known  by  observation;  viz.  that  the  force  of  gra- 
vity acts  inversely  according  to  the  square  of  the 
distance.     This  constitutes  the  theory  of  univer-  I 
sal  gravitation.      Theory  must  not  be  confounded 
■with  system.     Theory  regards  nature  as  it  is.  and 


j|  of  medicine,  and 
'  soninsr  well.     H< 


often  the  creature  of  the  imagination,  to  which 
nature  is  made  to  bend. 

Theory  of  Mki/icine,  Institutes  of  Medicine, 
Theoretical  Medicine,  is  that  part  of  the  science 
which  attempts  philosophically  to  account  for 
the  various  phenomena  that  present  themselves 
during  health  as  well  as  in  disease.  It  is  the 
philosophy  of  Medicine.  The  Institutes  of  Medi- 
cine are  generally  considered  to  comprise  Phy- 
siology and  its  applications  to  Pathology,  Hy- 
giene, and  Therapeutics.  By  some  they  are  con- 
sidered to  include  General  Pathology  and  Gene- 
ral Therapeutics. 

THEIOTHERMJE,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

THERAPEIA,  Curation,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEUSIS,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEUTA,  Therapeutist. 
THERAPEUTICE,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEl'TICS,  Therapeu'tice,  Therapeu'- 
sia,      Therapeu'sis,      latrotecli'  nice,      Therapei'a, 
Therapi' a,     Curuto'  ria     Jleth  ' odns,     Mcthodus 
Meden'di,    Practice    of    Phi/sic,    (F.)    Therupeu- 
tique,    Therapie,  from  Sepa-tvw,   'I  wait  upon,  I 
alleviate,  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'     That  part  of 
medicine,  the  object  of  which  is  the  treatment  of 
disease.      AVith    others,    the    department   which 
comprises  an  explanation  of  the  modus  operandi 
of  medicines. 

THE  RAPE  UTIQ  UE,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TIST,  Therapeu'ta.     Same  ety-' 
nion.     One  who  practices  therapeutics.     A  prac- 
titioner of  medicine.     To  be  a  good  therapeutist, 
a  man  must  be  well  versed  in  every  department 
be  capable  of  observing  and  rea- 
e  may  be  a  good  observer,  and 
yet  a  bad  reasoner.     He  cannot  practice  well  un- 
less he  is  both.     Hence,  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  good  therapeutists. 
THERAPIA,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPIE,  Therapeutics. 
THE  RIA,  Radzyge. 

THERIAC,  Theriaca  —  t.  of  Antipater,  Anti- 
patri  theriaca. 

THE'RIACA,  Snpiaica,  The'riac,  from  Snp,  'a 
ferocious  or  venomous  animal.'  Treacle,  Melas- 
ses,  (F.)  Theriaque.  Also,  a  medicine,  believed 
to  be  capable  of  curing  or  preventing  the  effects 
of  the  bite  of  a  venomous  animal.  In  this  sense 
it  is  chiefly  used  by  writers.  Theriac  and  The- 
riacal  have  been  used  adjectively  for  medicinal. 

Theriaca  Androm'achi,  Venice  Treacle,  is  an 
ancient  alexipharmie  electuary  ;  consisting  of  a 
farrago  of  61  different  ingredients,  which  pos- 
sessed the  most  opposite  properties.  It  was  in- 
vented by  Andromachus  of  Crete,  and  prepared 
j  by  order  of  Nero.  It  has  received  various  modi- 
i  fications;  and,  to  the  discredit  of  the  FacultS  de 
!  Medecine  of  Paris,  long  held  its  place  in  their 
Codex,  with  even  an  additional  number  of  ingre- 
dients. The  Electua'rium  Opia'tum  polyphar*- 
macum  of  the  Codex  has  contained  acid  ingre- 
dients, b;  astringent,  5  ;  bitter,  22;  indigenous 
aromatics,  10  ;  umbelliferous  aromatics,  7,"  balsams 
and  resinous  substances,  8 ;  fetid  ingredients,  6; 
narcotics,  1 ;  earthy  substa>iccs,  1  ;  gummy  or  amy- 
laceous, 4 ;  saccharine,  3;  total,  72  !  and  one  of 
these  the  flesh  of  the  viper  /  A  little  more  than 
a  grain  of  opium  is  contained  in  each  drachm  of 
the  compound. 

Theriaca  Articulorum,  Colchicum — t.  Celes- 
tis,  Tinctura  opii — t.  Communis,  Melasses —  t. 
Edinensis,  Confectio  opii. 

Theriaca  Germano'rum.  An  extract  or  rob, 
prepared  from  juniper  berries.  Used  as  a  sto- 
machic. 

Theriaca  Londinen'sis,  Cataplasma  Cymi'ni. 


is  a  rigid  deduction  from  facts.      System  is  too  II  A  cataplasm  of  cumin  seed,  bay  berries,  yerman- 


TIIERIAQUE 


909 


THORACIC 


der,  tnakeroot,  dives,  honey,  and  sometimes  opium, 

"!'  "/  /"'J'; 
Thbriaca  Rosticobom,  Allium. 

THERIAQUE,  Thei 

TUER1  \KI.  In  Turkey, opimm-eatere, or they 
who  Indulge  largely  in   the  use  of  opium,  are  BO 

omlled. 

THERIATRICA,  Veterinary  art. 

THERIODES,   Ferine. 

THERIO'MA,  Therion,  from  &no,  'a  venomous 
nnimal.'     Any  extremely  malignant  uleer. 
ofined  to  nleers  of  the  lungs. 

THERION,  Then- -ma. 

THERIOTOMY,  Z  atomy. 

THERM  A,  Heat — t  Kmphytum,  Animal  heat. 

THERMiB,  trmttii,  Ther'matm.  Warm  baths 
or  spri  In  aters  i  mineral.) 

TiiKitM  v.  l-'.vr.  \ki  i:.  Pfeffers,  .Mineral  Waters 
of —  t.  Piper i OS»,  Puffers.  .Mineral  Waters  of — t. 
Plumberies,  Plombieres,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

THERMAL,  Thermo.' lie  }  from  :-.,,,,■,  ♦heat,' 
$tf>po;,  *  hot.'  Relating  or  appertain  -  t"  beat. 
Hot,  warm.      As  'a  thermal  mineral  water.' 

THK 11  MAN  riCA,  Calefaciente. 

THBRMASMA,  Fomentation. 

THERMATA,  Therm*. 

THERMOMETER,  see  Heat. 

THERM UM  EMPHYTUM,  Animal  heat,  Blo- 
lyehnium. 

THESIS,  Ocotg,  from  nfl^i,  'to  put.'  'A  posi- 
tion or  proposition.'  Ditputa'tio  iuaugura'lie,  Ju- 
ang'ural  Diceerta'tion.  The  name  usually  given 
to  the  essay  composed  by  a  candidate  for  gradua 


tions.  This  hi  probably  true:  but,  again,  it  is 
owing  to  the  wants  of  the  system,  —  a  supply  of 
ing  required  to  compensate  the  numerous 
■  .at  are  constantly  taking  place.  Thirst 
is  an  inhriml  teneation, —  an  inatiuetiwe  want — 
arising  from  organisation,  and  inexplicable.  It 
is  an  argent  symptom  in  many  diseases,  particu- 
larly in  those  of  vaseular  excitement. 

Thirst,  Bxcbssitb,  Polydipsia — t.  Morbid, 
Dips*  • 

Till  I 

THISTLE,  BLESSED,  CenUurea  benedictn 
—  t.  Cotton,  Onopordium  acanthiura — t.  Globe, 
Bohinnps — t.  Holy,  Centaurea  benedieta  —  t.  La- 
dies', Carduui  Marianua — t.  Milk,  common,  Car- 
duufl  Marianus  —  t.  Pine,  Atractylus  gummifera 
— t.  Sow.  Sonehufl  oleraoeui  —  t.  Star,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa  —  t.  Yellow,  Argemonc  Mexicans. 

TULA D IAS.  Eunuch. 

THLASIAS,  Eunuch. 

Til  LASIS.Contusion — t.Depressio,  Depression. 

THLASMA,  Contusion — t.  Coneussio,  Concus- 
sion—  t.  Strenuna.  Sprain. 

THLASPI,  PennycrcM.  Ord.  Crueiferss.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Silieulosa.  Two  species  of 
thlaspi  are  directed,  in  some  pharmacopoeias, 
for  medical  use: — Thlaspi  arven'ci  or  . 
mustard,  and  Thlaspi  eampee'tri  sen  hircu'tnm 
sen  vmlga'tine,  Lepid' iiun  eampee'tri,  Lej 
Iht'riH  cctmpee'trie,  Mith'ridatc  mustard.  The 
pharmaceutical  properties  of  both  kinds  resemble 
those  of  common  mustard. 

Thlaspi   Bursa,   Th.  burm'twm,  Thlaepi  sou 


tion  in  medicine,  which  he  is  at  times  required  to      Oaperlt'a   seu    I  Writ  seu   Nuttur'tinm   sen  Rod 


publicly.  Often,  however,  it  is  a  mere  form 
giving  useless  labour  and  trouble  to  the  student, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  executed  as  a  task,  and  never 
afterwards  regarded  by  the  preceptor  or  by  others. 
rt,  Ualler.  Smellie,  and  Stoll.  have  pub- 
lished collections  of  th 

a  suffix  denoting  'arrangement;'  hence 
Diath 

THEVE'TIA  A'HOUAI,  Ahouai.  The  kernels 
of  the  nut  of  this  Brazilian  tree  are  said  to  be  a 
violent  poison.  At  the  Antilles,  its  Tints  are 
called   '•  •  it:  and  they  are  used  against 

the  bites  of  serpents. 

THEW.  Tendon. 

Til  FY,  Thigh. 

THICK-LISTED,  Pursy. 

THIQH,  Sax.  'Seoh,  Femur,  Femcn,  Crus,  Me- 
rita, Me'rium,  (>i:)  The,  They,  (F.)  Cuisse.  (Of  ' 
old,  Femur  meant  the  thigh  generally,  and  espe- 
cially the  outer  part:  —  Femen,  the  inner).  The 
part  of  the  lower  limb  which  extends  from  the 
pelvis  to  the  leg.  The  thigh  is  largt  r  at  it.-  supe- 
rior than  inferior  part,  and  has  the  form  of  an 
inverted  and  truncated  cone,  slightly  depressed 
from  within  outwards.  Above,  it  is  bounded,  (Ul- 
teriorly, by  the  groin  ;  externally,  by  the  hip  ; 
behind,  by  the  fold  of  the  nates  ;  and  within,  by 
the  perineal  region.  Below,  it  is  bounded,  ante- 
riorly, by  the  prominence  of  the  knee  :  poeU 
by  the  ham.  It  is  formed  of  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  muscles,  blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves, 
ilc.  :  and  is  covered  by  a  strong  aponeun 

THIGHBONE,  Femur— t.  Neck  of  the,  Collum 
femoi 

THIMBLE  WEED,  Rudbeckia  laciniata. 
THION,  Sulphur. 

THIRST,     Sax.     ttypj-r,    (D.)    Dorst,     Sitis, 

Potio'ni$  dceide'rium,    F.  i  Soif.    A  simple 

desire   or  an   absolute  want  tor  liquids.      Physio- 

sre  ool  entirely  agreed  regarding  the  seat 

of  thirst;   some  place  it  in  the  fauces;   others   in 

mach.      Its  immediate  cause  is  not  known. 

It    has   been   attributed   to  a  dry  condition  of  the 

nervous    papilla'    of    the    pharynx,    produced    by 

suppression   of   the  salivary  and    mucous   secre- 


hied'ia  bursa  paetn'rie,  Rnrea  paatu'rit,  Sh< p- 
herd't  puree,  Qocowort,  St.  James's  wort,  Poor 
man's  Parmaeity,  (F.)  Fh  nr  <h  St.  Jaeqnt  -.  Uonrnc 
d  berger  ou  d  paeteur,  Tabouret.  A  con i  Eu- 
ropean plant,  introduced  into  this  country.  It 
is  slightly  astringent,  but  is  little  used. 

Thlakpi  Borsatum,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  th.  Ns- 
sturtium,  Lepidium  sativum — th.  Sativum,  Lepi- 
diuin  sativum. 

TH  LI  BIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLIPSENCEPHALIA,  Dereneephalia. 

THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  BXtipts,  -com- 

pression,'  and  ty>capa\i>s.  'the  enecphalon.'  A 
monster  in  whom  the  skull  is  open,  not  merely  in 
the  frontal  and  parietal,  but  also  in  the  occipital 
regions  —  a  distinct  fontanelle  not  existing. 

THLIP'SIS,  cAn|«$.  Campree'tio.  Compre** 
sion,  and  especially  constriction  of  vessels  by  an 
external  cause.      Oppression. 

THNESCOLOGIA,  Thanatology. 
THOLUS,  Achicolum —  t.  Diooleus,  Seapha. 

THOMPSO'NIAN.  One  who  practises  or  be- 
lieves in  Tbompsnnianism. 

THOMPSO'NIAN  ISM,  Thorn?  eoniem.  A  fan- 
ciful doctrine,  of  which  a  person  of  the  name  of 
Thompson,  of  New  York,  is  the  founder.  One 
of  its  leading  principles  is,  that  the  human  body 
is  composed  of  four  tin, nuts  [?],  earth,  air.  fire 
and  water:  and  one  of  its  apothegms.  —  that 
metals  and  minerals  are  in  the  earth,  and.  being 
extracted  from  the  depths  of  the  earth,  have  a 
tendency    to  carry  all    down   into   the   earth    who 

use  them  ;  that  the  tendency  of  all  vegetables  is 

to  spring  up  from  the  earth,  and  therefore  to  up- 
hold mankind  from  the  grave. 

The  Thompsonians  are  Botanical  Doctors.  See 

Herb  doctor. 

THORACE N T E SIS,   Th o racocentesis. 
THORACHIQUE,  Thoracic 

THORACIC,  T/,orar"iriis,  from  thnra.r.  thora- 
cis, 'the  chest;'  (P.)  Thoraeiqne  ou  Thorachique. 

That   which    relates    or   belongs   to   the   cl 

Thoracic  vie'ci  /",  &c. 

Thoracic  [rtsrior  Artkry,  Artc'ria  Th<>- 
rac"ica   Exter'na  Infe'rior  sea  Longa  seu  mam- 


TIIORACICA 


91  0 


THROMBUS 


ma'ria  externa  seu  Thoraciea  inferior,  (F.)  Deux- 
iZme  des  Thoraciques  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  axil- 
lary, a  little  below  the  preceding,  and  descends 
vertically  over  the  latter  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  serratus  major  anticus.  It  afterwards  bends 
inwards;  becomes  subcutaneous,  and  divides  into 
several  branches,  which  embrace  the  breast.  It 
gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the  pectoralis 
major,  serratus  anticus,  intercostals,  ganglions  of 
the  axilla,  mamma,  &c. 

Thoracic  Superior  Artery,  Arte'ria  Thora- 
ciea Exter'na  Superior,  (F.)  Artere  thoracique  su- 
pcrieure,  Premiere  des  Thoraciques  (Ch.)>  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery  or  from  the  acromial  ; 
and  descends  forwards  between  the  Pectoralis 
major  and  P.  minor,  to  which  it  distributes  itself 
by  a  great  number  of  branches.  In  some  sub- 
jects, there  are  two  or  three  Arteries  thoraciea 
externa  suj^eriores. 

Thoracic  Duct,  Ductus  thorac"icus  seu  thora- 
cicus  poste'rior  seu  vertebra' lis  seu  chy'lifer  seu 
chyli  seu  lac' tens  seu  ro'rifer  seu  Pecqueti  seu 
Pecquetia'nus,  Vena  alba  thora'cis,  Alveus  ampul- 
les'cens,  Distributo'ria  lactea  thoraciea,  Galax'ia, 
Duct  of  Pecquet,  Alimen'tary  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  ou 
Conduit  Thoracique,  is  the  duct  in  which  the 
lymphatics  of  the  lower  limbs,  abdomen,  left  su- 
perior extremity,  left  side  of  the  head,  neck,  and 
thorax  terminate.  It  begins  at  the  receptaculum 
chyli,  which  is  formed  by  the  union  of  five  or  six 
large  lymphatic  trunks, — themselves  formed  from 
the  union  of  all  the  absorbent  plexuses  of  the 
abdomen.  The  duct  ascends  into  the  chest 
through  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  by  the 
side  of  the  aorta  and  vena  azygos.  It  contracts 
in  dimension,  as  far  as  the  6th  dorsal  vertebra, 
when  it  inclines  towards  the  left  hand  ;  ascends 
behind  the  arch  of  the  aorta;  passes  behind  the 
left  internal  jugular  vein,  and  opens  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  subclavian  vein  of  the  same  side. 
Its  embouchure  is  furnished  with  two  valves, 
which  prevent  the  blood  from  passing  from  the 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Thoracic  Limbs  are  the  upper  limbs  ;  so  called 
because  they  are  articulated  with  the  lateral  and 
upper  parts  of  the  chest. 

Thoracic,  Long  or  Inferior,  Mammary  infe- 
rior external  artery. 

Thoracic  Nerves.  The  short  or  anterior  tho- 
racic nerves  are  two  in  number.  The)'  arise  from 
the  brachial  plexus,  and  divide  into  an  anterior 
and  a  posterior  branch  :  —  the  former  distributed 
to  the  pectoralis  major  muscle ;  the  latter  uniting 
with  a  branch  of  the  other  to  form  a  loop,  from 
which  numerous  branches  are  given  off  to  the 
pectoralis  major  and  p.  minor. 

The  long  thorac"ic  nerve,  Poste'rior  thorac"ic, 
External  res' piratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  is  a  long 
branch,  which  arises  from  the  fourth  and  fifth  cer- 
vical nerves,  immediately  after  their  escape  from 
the  intervertebral  foramina,  and  passes  downwards 
to  be  distributed  upon  the  serratus  magnus  muscle. 
Thoracic  Regions  are  the  different  regions  of 
the  chest.  Thus  we  say,  anterior,  lateral,  and 
superior  thoracic,  &c. 

TIIORACICA,  Pectorals. 

THORACICS,  FIRST  OF  THE,  Mammary 
superior  external  artery. 
THORACIQUE,  Thoracic. 
THORACOCENTESIS,  Thoracentesis,  Tho- 
racotomy, from  §wpal;,  Supaxos,  'the  chest,'  and 
Kcvrnois,  '  puncture.'  Paracentesis  thora'cis.  Per- 
foration of  the  chest  to  evacuate  contained  fluid 
—  as  in  empyema. 

THORACOCYSTIS.  Thoracystis. 
THORACODID'YMUS,   from    $u>pat,  $o>paKOS, 
'the  chest,'  and  Sttvuos.  'a  twin.'     A  monstrosity 
in  which  twins  are  united  by  the  thorax. — Gurlt. 
THORACODYNE,  Pleurodynia. 


THORACO-FACTAL,  Platysma  myoides. 
THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,    Did'ymm 

sym'phyo-thorucogas'trius,  Xiphodid'ymus :  from 
Supai-,  Swpaicos.  '  the  chest,'  yuarnp,  *  the  belly,' 
and  6i6v/jios,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  chest  and  abdomen. — 
Gurlt. 

THORA  CO-MAXILL  O-FA  CIAL,    Platy  sma 
myoides. 

THORACOMETER,  Stethometer. 
THORACOPATHI'A,  from  &»/»&  3wpafcoy,  'the 
chest,'  and  iradog,  '  disease.'     Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  chest. 

THORACOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation. 
THORACOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 
THORACOTOMY,  Thoracocentesis. 
THORACYST'IS,  Thoracocyst'is,  from   Owfial-, 
Qupaicos,    'the    chest,'    and    kvotis,    'a   bladder.' 
Encysted  dropsy  of  the  chest.     Hydatids  in  the 
chest. 

THORAX,  Owpai;,  'a  cuirass,  a  coat  of  mail.' 
Cith'arus,  Venter  me' dins,  Pectus,  Stethus,  Scutum- 
pec' tori  s,  Bir,  Chelys,  Cassa,  the  Breast,  the  Chest, 
(F.)  PoitHne.  One  of  the  splanchnic  cavities, 
Cavum  thora'cis,  bounded,  posteriorly  by  the  ver- 
tebrae ;  laterally,  by  the  ribs  and  scapula:  ante- 
riorly, by  the  sternum :  above,  by  the  clavicle : 
and  below,  by  the  diaphragm.  It  is  destined  to 
lodge  and  protect  the  chief  organs  of  respiration 
and  circulation  —  the  lungs  and  the  heart. 
Thorax,  Corset. 
THORE,  Sperm. 

THORN  APPLE,  Datura  stramonium— t.  Red, 
Datura  Sanguinea. 

THOROUGHSTEM,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 
THOROUGHWAX,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 
THOROUGHWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 
THOROW-WAX,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 
THORULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 
THR.FNINE,  see  Tears. 

THREADWORM,  Dracun cuius— t.  Long,  Tri- 
chocephalus. 

THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition. 
THREPSOL'OGY,  Threpsolof'i a,  from  VvliJ, 
'nutrition,'  and  Aoyoj,  -a  description.'     The  doc- 
trine of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  nutrition  of  organ- 
ized bodies. 

THREPTICE.  Assimilation. 
THRIDACE,  Lactucarium. 
THRIDAX,  Lettuce. 

THRIFT,  LAVENDER,  Statice  limonium— t. 
American,  Statice  Caroliniana —  t.  Sea-side,  Sta- 
tice Caroliniana. 

THRIX,  Capillus,  Hair. 

THROAT,  Spote,  Snora,  Jugnhtm,  Interstit"- 
ium  Jugula're,  Guttur,  Sjyhage,  (Prov.)  Choices, 
Droat,  House,  Hose,  (Sc.)  Halse,  Hawse,  Witter. 
The  anterior  part  of  the  neck.  (F.)  Gorge.  Also, 
the  pharynx. 

THROATROOT,  Geum  Virginianum,  Liatris. 
THROATWORT,  Campanula  trachelium. 
THROBBING,    Pulsati'vus,    Sphyg' miens, 
Sphygmo'des,  Pnl'satory,  (F.)  Pulsatif.     A  throb- 
bing pain,  (Prov.)  Stang,  (F.)  Douleur  pufsative, 
is  a  kind  of  pain  which  is,  or  seems  to  be  caused 
or  augmented  by  the  pulsation  of  arteries. 
THROE,  Agonv.  Pains,  labour. 
THROMBI    LACTEI,    Infarctus    mamma! 
lacteus. 

THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  Spopfc,  'a  clot,' 
and  kvotis,  'a  cyst.'  The  cyst  occasionally  sur- 
rounding a  clot  of  blood  —  as  in  encephalic  he- 
morrhage. 

THROMBOSIS,  Coagulation,  Thrombus. 
THROMBUS,  v4/)o///3of,  'a  clot,' from  $pop(3oto, 
'to  coagulate;'  Thrombo'sis,  Trumbus,  Ha>.mato'- 
ma.  A  small,  hard,  round,  bluish  tumour  :  formed 
by  an  effusion  of  blood  in  the  vicinity  of  a  vein 
which  has  been  opened  in  the  operation  of  blood- 


TIIROPILL 


91  1 


TIIYREO-ARYTENui  D 


letting.  The  thrombus  is  most  oommonly  owing  I 
t,.  the  opening  in  the  rein  Mid  that  of  the  skin 
not  corresponding;  to  excessive  imailnesa  of  the 
cutaneous  orifiee  :  or  to  small,  fattj  grannies, 
which  prevent  the  discharge  <>f  the  blood.  Com- 
.  dipped  in  sail  water ;  camphorated  spirit, 
end  slight  compression,  usually  disperse  it.  Bee 
131 1. 

Thrombus  Neonatorum,  Cephalhematoma. 

TH  HOP  ILL,  Trachea 

THROPPLB,  Trachea, 

I  UROTTLB,  Trachea. 

'I'll  KOW,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 

'I'll  KOWORT,  Leonurui  eardiaea. 

'I'll  K  I  -11.  Aphtha'  —  t.  Milk,  Aphthte  —  t. 
W'hite,  Aphtha. 

THRUSTY,  Dipsodes. 

THRI  PSIS,  Comminution. 

THUJA  OCCIDENTALS,  Thuya  occiden- 
talis. 

THUMB,  P. .Ilex. 

Till"  ILKA.  Junipems  lyeia  —  t.  Yirga,  Junipe- 
rns  lycia. 

THIS,  see  Pinna  abiea  —  t.  Foemininum,  see 
Pinus  ahies  —  t.  JudsBorum,  Croton  cascariUa, 
Btyraz,  Thymiama  —  t.  Libanotos,  Juniper  us 
lycia —  t.  Bfascnlnm,  Junipems  lycia — -t.  "\" tru m , 
Juniperus  lyeia  —  t.  Vulgere,  Bee  Pinus  abies. 

THUYA  APHYLL  \.  see  Bandarac. 

Tin'vA  sen  Thuja  Occidbnta'lA,  T.obtu'ea, 
I  -'-iix   Arbor    I 'ittr.    American    Arbor    Vita?, 

IV*  of  Life.  Ord.  Coniferea.  The  leaves  and 
wood  were  formerly  in  high  repute  as  resolvents, 
Budorifics,  and  expectorants,  and  were  given  in 
phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fevers,  and 
dropsies.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  applied 
to  condylomata.  The  arrangement  of  the  medul- 
lary matter  of  the  cerebellum,  termed  Arbor 
\'it(r,  is  also  called   Thuya. 

TIIY1.  \f  IITIS.  Gutta  rosea. 

TI1YM.  Thymus. 

TIIV.MA.  Tbymion. 

THYMALOS,  Taxus  baccate. 

THVM  ASTHMA,  Asthma  thymienm. 

THYMBRA,  Batureia  hortensis—  t.  Jlispanica, 
Thymus  mastiehina. 

THYMB,  <'AT,  Teuerium  Marum— t.  Common, 
Thymus  —  t.  Lemon,  see  Thymus  serpyllum  — t. 
Mother  of,  Thymus  serpyllum  —  t.  Virginia, 
Pyonanthemnm  linifolium  —  t.  Wild,  Thymus 
serpyllum. 

THYMELJSA,  Daphne  gnidium— t.  Laureola, 
Daphne  laureola  —  t.  Mezcreum,  Daphne  ineze- 
reum  —  t.  Monspeliaca,  Daphne  gnidium. 

THYMELCO'SIS,  from  Si^o?,  'thymus,'  and 
'tXicoj,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the  thymus 
gland. 

THYMIA'MA,  ivutaum,  (too,  'I  burn  per- 
fumes') 'a  perfume;'  Thus  Judao'rum,  3fu$kioood, 

1'.     NareaphU.     A  hark  from  Syria,  Cilicia,  &c, 
id  to  be  the  product  of  the  liquid  storax 
It  has  an  agreeable,  balsamic  smell;  ap- 
proaching that  of  liquid  storax. 

Thymiama,  Pumigation,  Suffimentum. 

THYMIASIOTECHNIA,  Thymiatechny. 

TIIYMIA8I8.  Pumigation. 

T 1 1 V  M I  AT  ECH'NY,    Th  ymiatech'nia,  Thymi- 

!i'ni<i,  Curafumigato'ria,  from  Ovfuaua,  'an 

odour.'  and    rcy^vn,    'art.'      The   art   of  employing 

perfumes  in  medicine. 
TIIV.MK'.  Thy' miens,  (F.)  Tkymique.    Having 

relation  to  the  thymus,  as  u thymic  asthma." 
THYBI'ION,  Thyma,  Thymus,  Porrum,  Porrus, 

Verru'ca  rhagoi'dea   Verru'ca  minor,  from  Bvftos, 

'  thyme. '     A  small  wart  on   the  skin,  resembling 

a  bud  of  thyme. 
THYMIOSIS,  Framboasia— t  Indies,  Frara- 

boasia. 

TIIYMIQUE,  Thymic. 


THYMI'TES.    Wine  impregnated  with  thyme. 

THYMI'TIS,  from  tonss,  'thymus.'  and  it  in, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
thymus  gland. 

THYMOPATHFA,  Psyekopathi'a,  from  to?**, 
'the  mind,' and  nuOos,  'affection.'    A  disei 

the  mind. 

THYMOS,  Rage, 

THYMOXAL'MB,   from    toiios. 


.-alt. 


thyme,'  o£v$, 
A    compound   of  thyme. 


'  acid.'  and    'u>s, 
vinegar  and  salt. 

THYMUS,  Snmos,  Giand'ula  Thymus,  Corpus 
Thymia' ilium  sen  T/n/' micum,  Glau'dium,  Thy- 
mill  gland,  Cnrpne  incompreheHsib'ili  of  Jos. 
Frank.  Sweetbread  of  the  butcher.  An 
concerned  in  luematosis,  which  is  seated  in 
the  upper  separation  of  the  anterior  medias- 
tinum. The  thymus  has  the  appearance  of  a 
glandular  body.  It  is  oblong;  bilubate;  soft, 
and  very  variable  in  size  and  colour.  In  the 
tutus,  it  is  very  large,  and  contains  in  a  central 
cavity  —  reservoir  of  the  thymus  —  a  milky  fluid  : 
!  but  it  gradually  disappears,  and  in  old 
scarcely  discernible.  The  arteries,  called  thymic, 
are  from  the  inferior  thyroid,  internal  mammary, 
bronchial,  and  mediastinal.  The  veins  have  tlie 
same  arrangement.  It  receives  some  nervous 
filaments  from  the  pneumognstrie  nerve.--,  the 
phrenic,  and  the  inferior  cervical  ganglia. 

Thymis,  T.  vulga'ria  sen  tennifo'lins  sen  hor- 
ten'sia,  Common  Thyme,  (P.)  Thynt,  T.  ordinaire, 
Farigonle,  Ord.  Labiates.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynsr 
mia  Gymnospermia.  This  herbhasan  agreeable, 
aromatic  smell:  and  a  warm,  pungent  taste.  It 
is  reputed  to  he  resolvent,  ennnenagogue,  tonic, 
and  stomachic.     It  is  not  much  used. 

T  htm  us,  Satureia  eapitata,  Thymion — t.  Cala- 

minthus,  Melissa  calamintha — t.  Capitatus,  Satu- 

,  reia  eapitata — t.  Ciliatus,  T.  mastiehina — t.  Cre- 

tious,  Satureia  eapitata — t.  Hortensis,  Thymus — 

t.  Ineludens,  T.  serpyllum. 

Thymis  Mastichi'na,  T.  cilia' tve,  Marum 
vulga're,  Samp'enehus,  Clinopo'dia,  Mastich'iun 
Qallo'rum,  Thymbra  Hispan'ica,  Jnca  In'dica, 
Common  herb  Mastiah,  A  low,  shrubby,  Spanish 
plant,  used  as  an  errhine.  It  has  a  smell  like 
mastich.  Its  virtues  resemble  those  of  the  Marum 
Syriacum  ;  but  it  is  said  to  be  less  powerful. 

Thymis  MuLTTTXORUS,  Melissa  nepeta — t.  Nc- 
peta,  Melissa  nepeta. 

Thymus,  Res BBYorB  of  TnK,  see  Thymus. 

Thymus  Serpyl'lum,  T.  inelu'dens,  Her' py lot, 
Herpyl'los,    Serpyl'lum,    Serpul'lum,    Serpil'lum, 

(HI a' rum,  Serpyl'lum  vuhja' re  minus,  Mother  of 
Thyme,  Wild  Thyme,  (F'.)  Serpolet.  This  plant 
has  the  same  sensible  properties  as  the  garden 
|j  thyme;  but  hns  a  milder  and  rather  more  grate- 
ful flavour.  Lemon  Thyme,  the  Serpyllum  eitra'- 
tum,  is  merely  a  variety  of  the  Thymus  Serpyllum. 
It  is  very  pungent:  and  has  a  particularly  grate- 
ful odour,  approaching  that  of  lemons. 

Thymis  SylVATICUS,  Clinopodium  vulgare  — 
tli.  Sylvestris,  Satureia  eapitata — th.  Tenuifo- 
|   lius,  Thymus  —  th.  Vulgaris,  Thymus. 

THYRA,  Bvpa,  'a  gate,  folding-door.'  In  com- 
position, Thyreo  and  Thyro,  topeot,  *  a  shield  re- 
BOmbling  a  folding-door,'  mean  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage. 

Til YREM1MIR AXIS,  Broaeboeele. 

THYRBO,  Thyro,  in  composition,  relating  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage  <>r  eland. 

THYREOADENITIS,  Thyreoids. 

THYRBO  -ARYT'ENOID,  Tiyro-arytsnat- 
ib  us  (,r  Thyro-arytenolde*.  That  which  relates 
to  the  thyroid  and  arytenoid  eartilajj 

In  vi!i:o-.\itvTK.Noii)  Lio'AMBNTS,  Inferior  Liga- 
ment* of  the  Larynx,  Li)'*  of  the  0  lot  tie,  Voeal 
funis,  are  two  ligaments  about  two  lines  broad, 
II  formed  of  elastic  and  parallel  fibres,   which  are 


THYREO-EPIGLOTTIC 


912 


TIBIA 


contained  in  a  duplicative  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx.  They  extend  horizontally 
from  the  anterior  projection  at  the  base  of  each 
arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  middle  of  the  angle  of 
union  of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  They  are  the 
essential  organs  of  voice.     See  Glottis. 

Thyueo-arytenoid  Muscles,  Thyreo-ary- 
tenoidei,  are  thin  muscles,  which  arise  from  the 
middle  and  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage;  whence  they  proceed 
backwards  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted  into  the 
outer  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage. 
They  give  the  necessary  tension  to  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  in  the  production  of  the  voice. 
Santorini  has  given  the  name  Thyreo-aryteno'i- 
de.us  obiiquua  to  a  portion  of  the  arytenoideus 
muscle. 

THYREO  -  EPIGLOT '  TIC,  Thyreo-epiglotti- 
deus,  Thyrepiglott'icus.  Sabatier  and  Santorini 
have  given  this  name  to  the  outer  portion  of  the 
thyro-arytenoid  muscle;  because  it  passes  from 
the  thyroid  cartilage  to  the  anterior  part  of  the 
epiglottis. 

THYREO-HYOID,  Thyro-hydideus,  Thyro- 
hyo'ides,  Hyodeothyreo'des.  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  the  thyroid  cartilage  and  os  hyoides. 

Thyreo-hyoid  or  Hyo-thyroid  Membrane 
is  a  very  broad,  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
thicker  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
which  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  body  and  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides ; 
and,  below,  to  the  whole  superior  edge  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

THYREO-HYOIDEUS  or  Hyo-thyredideus 
Mmcle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached  to  the  oblique 
line  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage;  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides,  and  to  the  anterior  portion  of  its  great 
cornu.  It  approximates  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  os  hyoides  to  each  other,  by  raising  the  car- 
tilage, and  with  it  the  whole  larynx  :  or,  it  can 
depress  the  os  hyoides. 

THYREO-  PHARYNGEUS,  Thyro-Pharyn- 
geus. 

THYREOID,  Thyroid. 

THYREOIDIEN,  Thyroideal. 

TIIYREOIDEUS.  Thyroideal. 

TIIYREOI'TIS,  Thyreo'ddeni'tis,  Thyredidi'tis, 
Angi'nn  thyreo'iden,  from  Supto?,  '  a  shield,' and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
thyroid  gland. 

'THYREONCTJS,  Bronchocele. 

THYREOPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYR EPIGLOTTICUS,  Thyroepiglottic. 

THYRO,  see  Thyreo. 

THYRO-ARYTENOID,  Thyreo-arytenoid. 

THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS,  see  Crico- 
pharyngeal. 

THYRO- HYOIDES,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

THYRO-PHARYNGEUS,  Thyreo-pharyngeus. 
Valsalva,  Morgagni,  Santorini,  and  Winslow  have 
given  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  inferior,  which  is  attached  to  the  thy- 
roid cartilages. 

Thyro-Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis, 
see  Crieo-pharyngeal. 

THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Pa- 
lato-pharyngeus. 

THYROCELE,  Bronchocele. 

THYROID,  Thy'reoid,  Thyrdi'des,  from  Svpa, 
'a  gate  or  folding-door,'  or  from  Svptoc,  'a  shield,' 
and  sidos,  'form.'  That  which  has  the  shape  of  a 
folding-door. 

Thyroid  Car'ttlage,  Cartila'go  Scntifor'mis 
seu  Scuta'lis  seu  Clypea'lis,  Cooperto'rium,  C.  Pel- 
ta'lis  seu  pelta'tus,  Scutum,  Ada'mi  Morsus  Os, 
is  the  largest  of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx,  at 


the  anterior  part  of  which  it  is  stituafe.  It  is 
larger  transversely  than  vertically  :  broader  above 
than  below;  and  seems  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  two  quadrilateral  plates,  which  produce, 
by  their  union,  an  angle  that  projects  forwards. 
Its  two  posterior  margins  terminate  above,  and 
on  each  side,  by  an  ensiforifl  prolongation,  called 
the  greater  cornu  of  the  thyroid  cartilage,  eonnt 
supe'rius  seu  longum ;  and,  below,  by  a  less 
prominent  eminence,  the  lesser  corn?/,  Cornu  in- 
fe'rins  seu  breve,  which  is  articulated  with  the 
cricoid. 

THYROID  Gt,AND,  Corpus  Thyredideum,  Glnn'- 
dula  Thyreo'iden,  (F.)  Qland  ou  Corps  Thyroid V, 
is  an  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  not  known.  It 
covers  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  larynx, 
as  well  as  the  first  rings  of  the  trachea,  and  seems 
to  be  composed  of  two  lobes,  flattened  from  before 
to  behind,  which  are  united  by  a  transverse  pro- 
longation of  the  same  nature  as  themselves,  called 
the  Isthmus.  The  tissue  of  the  thyroid  is  soft, 
spongy,  and  of  a  brownish  colour;  but  its  inti- 
mate structure  is  unknown.  It  is  formed  of 
several  distinct  lobules;  collected  in  lobes  of 
greater  or  less  size.  These  are  composed  of 
granulations,  some  of  which  contain  a  yellowish 
or  milky  fluid.  The  thyroid  gland  receives  four 
large  arteries,  called  Thyroideal,  as  well  as  cor- 
responding veins.  Its  nerves  proceed  from  the 
pneumogastric,  and  from  the  cervical  ganglia. 
No  excretory  duct  has  ever  been  found  in  it.  Its 
uses  are  not  known. 

THYROIDEAL,  Thyrdideus,  Tltyredideus,(F.) 
Thyrdidien.  Thyreo'idien.  That  which  concerns 
the  thyroid  gland  or  cartilage. 

Thyroideal  Arteries  are  two  on  each  side. 
1.  The  superior  Thryoideal,  sujyerior  laryngeal, 
superior  guttural,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of 
the  external  carotid,  and  proceeds  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  thyroid  gland,  after  having  given  off 
a  laryngeal  branch  and  a  crico-thyroid.  2.  The 
inferior  Thyroideal,  iufe'rior  gut'tural,  much 
larger  than  the  last,  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  subclavian.  It  passes,  in  a  serpentine 
manner,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  thyroid  gland, 
to  which  it  is  distributed,  after  having  given  a 
number  of  branches  to  the  neighbouring  parts, 
among  which  is  the  cervicdlis  ascendens. 

Thyroideal  Veins  are,  1.  A  superior  thyroid- 
eal, and  several  middle  thyroideal,  which  open 
into  the  internal  jugular  vein.  2.  An  inferior 
thyroideal,  much  larger  than  the  preceding,  whose 
branches  form  —  by  anastomosing  with  those  of 
the  opposite  side,  in  front  of  the  trachea  —  a 
very  remarkable  venous  plexus,  which  J.  Cloquet 
calls  the  infra-thyroideal  plexus.  The  inferior 
thyroideal  veins  open,  —  the  left  into  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian;  —  the  right,  into  the  vena 
cava  superior. 

THYROfDTEN,  Thvroideal. 

THYROPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYRSUS,  Penis. 

THYSSELINUM,  Peueedanum  palustre. 

THYSSELIUM  PALUSTRE,  Peueedanum 
palustre.  „ 

TIB  J-  PER ONE 0  -  TARSIEN,  Peronaeus 
longus. 

TIB'IA.  A  Latin  word,  which  signifies  a  flute 
or  pipe.  Cneme,  Proene'me,  Procne'mium.  Fo'cile 
majus,  Arnn'do  seu  Canna  major,  Canna  major 
seu  domes'tica  cruris,  Shinbnne.  The  largest  bone 
of  the  leg.  A  long,  irregular,  and  triangular  bone, 
situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  fibula.  It  ha?.  1. 
A  Superior  or  femoral  extremity,  which  is  very 
large,  rounded,  and  has  two  eminences  at  the 
sides,  called  Tuberosities  of  the  Tibia,  or  Tibidl 
tuberosities.  The  outermost  is  articulated  with 
the  fibula.  On  its  head  are  two  articular,  oval, 
concave  surfaces,  separated  by  a  process,  called 


TIBI.EUS 


913 


TILIA 


Spine  of  the  tibia,  which  are  articulated  with  the     posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal  bon<». 

condyles  of  the  U*  femoris.      2.   An  inferior  or  ;  This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  directs 

tarsal  extremity,  having  an  articular  surface  be-     its  point  inwards,  at  the  same  time  that  it  nUMl 

Death,  which  joins  the  astragalus;   within,  a  tri-     its  inner  edge.     It  can,  also,  bend  the  leg  on  the 

aagular  eminence,  which  forms  the  malleolus  in-  ,  foot,  and   prevent  it  from    falling  backwards  iu 

ternus;  and,  on  the  outside,  a  triangular  surface,  |  standing. 

^rhich  articulates  with  the  fibula.     3.  The  body  I      Tibialis  Gracilis,  Plantar  muscle. 

or  shaft  of  the  tibia  has  three  faces,  separated  by  ||      Tibialis   Posti'cis,  (F.)  Tibio-tarsien,    Tibio- 

three  angles,  the  anterior  of  which  is  the  most     sous-tarsien  (Ch.),  Jambier  postfirieur.    This  dm- 

prominent,  and  is  called  the  spine  or  crista  of  the     ele  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  deep  part  of  the 


tibia  or  tibial  xpine.      It  is  the  shin.     The  tibia  is 
articulated  with  the  femur,  fibula,  and  astragalus. 
It  is  developed  by  three    points  of  ossification, 
one  for  the  body,  and  one  for  each  extremity. 
Tibia  Minima,  Fibula. 
TIBIALIS,  Tibial. 

TIB'IAL,  Tibia'lis,  Tibia' us,  (F.)  Tibial,  Jam- 
bier.  From  tibia.  That  which  relates  to  the 
tibia  or  to  the  leg. 

Tibial  Aponeurosis,  (F.)  Apontwosc  Jam- 
urrounds  the  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  femoral  aponeurosis,  and 
arises,  also,  from  the  head  of  the  fibula,  and  from 
several  fibrous  expansions  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  tendons  of  the  triceps,  sartorius, 
gracilis,  and  semitendinosus.  Thence  it  descends 
around  the  leg,  attaching  itself  to  the  whole  ex- 
tent of  the  anterior  and  inner  edges  of  the  tibia. 
It  sends,  below,  an  expansion,  which  passes  be- 
fore the  tendo  Achillis,  and  is  continuous  with 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus.  It 
is  attached,  also,  to  the  sheath  of  the  peronei  i 
muscles. 

Tibial  Arteries  are  two  in  number.  1.  Ar- 
te'ria  Tibia'lis  Anti'ca,  which  arises  from  the  pop- 
liteal, before  its  bifurcation :  passes  immediately 
through  the  opening  in  the  upper  part  of  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  and  reaches  the  anterior  part 
of  the  leg;  when  it  turns  downwards,  and  de- 
scends obliquely,  between  the  extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis  and  the  tibialis  anticus,  anterior 
to  the  interosseous  ligament ;  glides  under  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus,  and  takes 
the  name  Donali*  tarsi.  Amongst  the  numerous 
branches,  given  off  by  the  tibialis  antica,  may  be 
distinguished — the  Tibialis  recur' reus,  A.  vial- 
leola'ris  interna,  and  A.  nialleolaris  externa.  2. 
A.  Tibialis  posti'cn,  arises  from  the  bifurcation 
of  the  popliteal  artery ;  and,  slightly  tortuous, 
descends  between  the  two  planes  of  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg;  until  it  arrives  under  the 
arch  of  the  calcaneum,  where  it  divides  into  two 
branches  —  the  Plantar  arteries. 
TIBIAD,  see  Tibial  aspect. 
TIB'IAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which  the  tibia  is  situated. — Barclay. 
Tibiad  is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify,  'towards  the  tibial  aspect.' 

Tibial  Nerves  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
anterior  tibial  nerve,  Pretibio-iuxjjlantaire,  (Ch.) 
One  of  the  two  branches  in  which  the  external 
popliteal  terminates.  It  accompanies  the  arteria 
tibialis  antica.  2.  The  posterior  tibial  nerve, 
Branche  tibiale  du  nerf  femoro-poplitee  (Ch.),  is 
the  internal  popliteal. 

Tibial  Veins,  Anterior  and  Posterior,  have 
the  same  arrangement  as  the  arteries  which  they 
accompany. 

TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CUS,  Cate'nce  mns'cnlus, 
(F.)  Tibio-sus-mttatarsien,  Tibio-snstarsicn  (Ch.), 
Jambier  anterienr.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  leg.  Above,  it  has  the  shape 
of  a  triangular  prism ;  below,  it  is  slender  and 
tendinous.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tihia  ;  to 
the  superior  half  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone;  and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  interos- 
seous ligament.  Below,  its  tendon  terminates  at 
the  base  of  the  first  cuneiform  bone,  and  at  the  [| 
53 


leg.  It  is  thicker  above  than  below;  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and 
to  the  interosseous  ligament.  Its  tendon  termi- 
nates, below,  at  the  tuberosity  on  the  interior 
extremity  of  the  os  scaphoides.  This  muscle  ox- 
tends  the  foot  on  the  leg;  at  the  same  time  raid- 
ing its  inner  edge.  It,  likewise,  extends  the  leg 
on  the  foot. 

TiniO-CALCAXIEN,  Soleus— t.  Pha/anget- 
tien,  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus 
perforans  —  t.  Sous-tarsien,  Tibialis  posticus  —  t. 
Sus-metatarsien,  Tibialis  anticus — t.  Sus-tarsieu, 
Tibialis  anticus. 

TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tibio-tar'scus,  (F.)  Tibio- 
tarsienne.     What  relates  to  the  tibia  and  tarsus. 

Tibio-Tarsal  Artici'La'tion  is  the  articula- 
tion of  the  foot  with  the  Leg.  It  is  formed  by 
the  tibia  and  the  astragalus;  and  is  strengthened 
by  lateral,  and  by  anterior  and  posterior  liga- 
ments. 

TIBIO-  TAR  SI  EN,  Tibialis  posticus. 

TIC,  Twitching,  Yellication.  A  local  and  ha- 
bitual convulsive  motion  of  certain  muscles  ;  and, 
i  especially,  of  some  of  those  of  the  face.  It  is, 
;  sometimes,  called  Tic  convuhif  on  Tic  non  doulou- 
reux, Ilistrion'ic  Spasm  of  the  Face,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  Tic  douloureux  or  neuralgia  faciei, 
and  has  been  termed  a  partial  chorea  or  form 
of    chronic    chorea,    Spasmus   facia'lis,    Chore'a 

I  TICDOULEUREUX,  Neuralgia,  facial  —  t. 
|  non  douloureux,  see  Tic. 

TICKLE  "WEED,  Veratrum  viride. 

TICKLING,  (Sc.)  Kittling,  Kitilling,  (F.)  Cha- 

,  touillement.     This   word,   sometimes,    means  the 

iaction    of    tickling    (titilla'tio,    titilla'tion;)    at 

I  others,  the    sensation    produced   by  this    action 

(pruri'tus).     A  vivid  sensation,  which  commonly 

causes    laughter,  and  a  state   of  general   spasm 

that   may  be  dangerous   if  too   long  protracted. 

There  are  some  parts  of  the  body,  where  we  are 

easier  tickled  than  others  ;  for  example,  the  solo 

of  the  feet,  and  the  hypochondriac  regions. 

TICKSEED  SUNFLOWER,  Coreopsis  tricho 
sperma. 

TICKWEED,  Hedeoma  — t.  Sunflower,  Core- 
opsis trichosperma. 

TICO'REA  FEBRIF'UGA;  a  Brazilian  plant. 
Order,  Rutaceae,  the  bark  of  which  is  intensely 
bitter,  astringent  and  antiperiodic. 

Ticorea  Jasminiflo'ra.  A  decoction  of  the 
leaves  is  said  to  be  drunk  by  the  Brazilians  as  a 
cure  for  framboesia. 

TIDAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

TIG E  PITUITAIHE,  Infundibulnm  of  the 
brain  —  t.  Sus-sphenoidafe,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

TIGILLUM,  Crucible. 

TIGLIA  seu  TIGLII  GRANA,  see  Croton 
Tiglium. 

TIGRETIER,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

TIGULA,  Saccharum. 

TIKIMMA,  Caeoueia  coccinea. 

TILBURY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  sa- 
line  chalybeate  at  West  Tilbury,  in  Essex,  Eng- 
land.    It  is  not  much  frequented. 

TIL'IA,  T.  Europa'a  seu  grandijlo'ra  seu  cor- 


TILIA  AMERICANA 


914 


TINCTURA 


difo'lia  seu  pauciflo'ra  seu  plataphyll'a,  (akin  to 
xTtAt/i,  'the  elm  tree').  J'hil'yra.  The  Lime  or 
Linden  tree,  (F.)  Ti/lcul.  Ord.  Tiliacea?.  The 
flowers  have  heen  supposed  to  possess  anodyne 
and  antispasmodic  virtues. 

TILIA  AMERICA'NA.  T.  glabra  seu  Cana- 
den'sis,  Linden,  Linn,  IJassivood,  WhJtewood, 
Spoon  wood.  A  luucilnge  prepared  by  macerating 
the  inner  bark  in  cold  water,  has  been  applied  to 
burns.  It  may  be  made  into  a  cataplasm  by 
thickening  it  with  bran. 

Tilia  Glabra,  T.  Americana  —  t.  Canadensis, 
T.  Americana. 

TILLEUL,  Tilia, 

TILLICHERRY  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidy- 
sentericum. 

TILMA,  Linteum. 

TILMOS,  Evulsion. 

TILMUS,  Carphologia. 

TILY,  OF  THE  INDIANS,  Viburnum  denta- 
tum. 

TIMAC.  The  name  of  an  East  India  root,  but 
of  what  vegetable  is  not  clear.  It  is  said  to  pos- 
sess diuretic  properties ;  and  hence  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

TIMBRE  (F.),  'the  sound  of  a  bell.'  The 
quality  of  sound  by  which  one  voice,  or  one  in- 
strument, can  be  distinguished  from  another 
when  producing  the  same  note. 

TIMID  US,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

TIN,  (D.)  Ten.  Staiwum,  Cassit'eros,  Cat- 
tit'eros,  Stangos,  Ju'piter,  Stu'piaf  Laos,  Plumbum 
album  seu  can'didum,  (F.)  Etain.  A  solid  metal; 
of  a  peculiar  odour  when  rubbed;  insipid;  colou 


whitish 


s.  g. 


•291;    giving  a  peculiar  tinkling 


sound  when  struck.  It  is  used,  in  medicine,  only 
as  a  mechanical  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gj  °f  the 
Pulvi8  Stanni,  Stannum  grauula'tum  or  (Jrantdar 
tin,  in  molasses.  This  is  made  by  melting  tin  in 
an  iron  vessel  over  the  fire,  and,  while  it  is  cool- 
ing, stirring  until  it  is  reduced  to  a  powder, 
which  is  passed  through  a  sieve. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tin,  Butter  of,  Tin,  muriate  of — t,  Chloruret 
of,  Tin,  muriate  of — t.  Deutohydrochlorate  of,  T. 
muriate  of. 

Tin-Foil,  Stannum  folia' turn,  Stanni'olum,  is 
used  for  plugging  carious  teeth,  &c. 

Tin-Glass,  Bismuth — t.  Granular,  see  Tin — t. 
Muriate  of,  superoxygenated,  T.  muriate  of. 

Tin.  Muriate  OF,  Fuming  liquor  of  Liba'vius, 
3/u'rios  Stanni  seu  Oxyd'uli  Stanni,  Butter  or 
Clilor'uret  or  Deu' to-hydro-chlorate  or  Superoxy- 
gena'ted  Muriate  of  Tin.  This  is  formed  of  tin*, 
one  part;  concentrated  muriatic  acid,  three  parts. 
To  be  crystallized  by  the  aid  of  heat.  A  violent 
cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  ij  or  iij. 

Tin.  Sulphuret  of,  Aurum  musivum. 

TINAGMUS,  Concussion. 

TINASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TINCTU'RA.  from  tingere,  tinctum,  'to  dye.' 
Tincture.  Esse.tt'tia,  (F.)  Teinture  Alcoolique,  Al- 
coole,  Alcohol,  Alcoolature.  The  term  tincture  is 
generally  restricted  to  spirituous  solutions  of 
vegetable,  animal,  and  some  saline  substances. 
It  corresponds,  therefore,  with  the  word  Qm'ntes'- 
cence,  in  one  of  its  old  significations;  and  with 
the  Alcoola'tum  cf  the  Codex  of  Paris.  It  is  not 
unusual,  however,  to  speak  of  aqueous  tincture, 
ethereal  tincture  [Etherolature,  Beral),  &c.  Tinc- 
tures are  usually  made  either  with  pure  alcohol 
or  proof  spirit.  The  former  are  precipitated  by 
water;  and,  therefore,  are  seldom  used  inter- 
nally; the  latter  are  common  additions  to  infu- 
sions, decoctions,  &c.  They  ought  not,  of  course, 
to  be  united  with  any 'vehicle  which  can  decom- 
pose them,  or  separate  any  thing  from  them  in  a 
palpable  form;  unless  euch  decomposition  is  de- 
sired by  the  prescriber.  In  making  tinctures, 
the  ingredients  should  be  reduced   to  a  coarse 


I  powder;  and  the  maceration   be   made  in   close 

!  vessels,  exposed  to  a  heat  of  about  80°,  and  fre- 
quently shaken.     When  completed,  they  must  be 

I  filtered,  and   put  away  for   use   in    close  bottles. 

i  When  the  process  of  displacement  is  employed, 
great  care  must  be  taken,  so  that  the  substances 
treated  may  be,  as  far  as  possible,  exhausted  of 
their  soluble  principles,  and  a  perfectly  clear 
tincture  be  obtained.  To  those  who  are  not  fa- 
miliar with  the  process,  the  plan  of  maceration  is 
preferable.— Ph.  U.  S. 

TlNCTURA  ABSIN'THII  COMPOS'lTA,  Essr-n'tia 
absin'thii  composita  seu  amara,  Compound  Tinc- 
ture of  wormwood.  [Absinth.,  artem.  pontic., 
earyoph.  aa  t^ss,  sacch.  ^ij,  alcohol.  Oss.  Mace- 
rate for  fifteen  days.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stomachic, 
vermifuge,  and  carminative.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f.^ss. 

TiNCTURA  Acacia  Catechu,  T.  catechu  — t. 
Acetatis  ferri  cum  alcohole,  see  T.  ferri  acetatis 
—  t.  Acidi  sulphurici,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aro- 
matieum. 

Tinctura  Aconi'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Tine- 
tu'ra  Aconi'ti  folio' rum,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  Tinc- 
ture of  Ac'onite,  [Aconit.folior.  -jjiv,  alcohol,  dibit. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter 
through  paper.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement. Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  xx  or  xxx.  It 
is  rubbed  on  the  seat  of  neuralgia. 

Tinctura  Aconi'ti  Radi'cis,  Tincture  of  Aco- 
nite root,  (Aeon it.  radio's  contus.  ft»j,  Alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Uses  same  as  the  last, 

Tinctura  ^Ethe'rea  Camphora'ta,  Solu'tio 
eam'phorGe  (Bthe'rea, Liquor  nervi'nus  Bang'ii,Spi- 
ritii8  sulphu'rico-athereus  eamphora'tus,  Naphtha 
ritrioli  camphora'ta.  [Camphor,  p.  i.  jEther  sul- 
phuric, p.  ii.)  Stimulant  in  atonic  diseases,  ar- 
thritic cardialgia,  and  spasm.  Dose,  20  to  30 
drops  in  white  wine. 

Tinctura  jEtherea  Ferri.  Alcohol  (seu  Tinc- 
j  tura)  sulphurico-a?thereus  ferri  —  t.  Alcoholica 
China?  composita,  T.  cinchona?  composita — t.  Al- 
coholica cortieuni  aurantiorum  Whyttii,  Tinctura 
cinchona?  amara  —  t,  Alexipharmaca  Huxhami, 
Tinctura  cinchona?  composita. 

Tinctura  Al'oes,  T.  Al'oes  Socotori'ncp,  Es- 
sen'tia  Aloes,  Al'cohol  cum  Aloe  perfdia'td.  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloes.  [Aloes,  pulv.  ^j,  ext.  glycyrrh. 
Jfiij,  aqua  Oiss,  alcohol.  Oss.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties,  those 
of  aloes.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  t^iss. 

Tinctura  Aloes  ^Ethe'rea,  T.  Aloes  vitriola'- 
ta,  jEthe'real  Tincture  of  Aloes.  [Aloes  Socot., 
Myrrh.,  aa  ^iss,  croci  3J,  sp.  cEtheris  snlph.  Oj. 
Digest  the  myrrh  in  the  ether  for  4  days  ;  then 
add  the  aloes  and  saffron.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant 
and  cathartic.     Dose,  f  £j  to  f  5Jij. 

Tinctura  Aloes  Compos'ita,  Elix'ir  Proprie- 

ta'tis  seu    aperiti'vum  seu  Aloes,    Tinctura  Aloes 

cum  Myrrha  seu  Aloes  et  Myrrh  at  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  seu 

!  Aloes    et  Myrrhce     croca'ta,   Elixir  of  long   life, 

Compound  Tincture  of  Aloes,  (F.)  Elixir  de  longue 

vie,  Bautne  de   vie   de  Lelievre,   [Aloes,   in  pulv., 

I  ^iij,   croci,   ^j,    Tinct.    MyrrhcB,    Oij.)      Macerate 

!  for  14  days,  and  filter.    Purgative  aud  stomachic. 

I  Dose,  f"3j  to  f  5>ij. 

Boerhaave's  Elixir  consisted  of  aloes,  myrrh, 
I  saffron,  and  tartrate  of  pijtassa,  digested  in  alco- 
hol and  water. 

Radclij/e's  Elixir  is  formed  of  Aloes  socotr. 
^vj,  cort.  cinnatn.,  rad.  zedoar,  aa  ,^ss,  rad.  rhei 
5J»  coccinell.  t^ss,  syrup,  rhamui  ^ij,  sj).  tenuior. 
\  Oj.  aquce  puree  f^v- 

Tinctura  Aloes  et  Myrrh.*:,  T.  aloes  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  et  myrrha?  crocata,  T.  A.  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  vitriolata.  T.  A.  retherea  —  t. 
Amara,  T.  gentianae  composita  —  t.  Ammonia 
composita,    Spiritus    ammoniae    succinatus  —  t. 


TINCTURA 


0  1-5 


TINCTURA 


Amomi  repentis.  T.  eardauiomi —  t.  Ainomi  zin- 
giberis,  T.  singiberis. 

Tin.  tcua  Avi;i  BTD'kjU.  T.  Culpa? rim,  Tincture 
of  Auguttureu  (('nrt.  euepar.  in  pulv.  crass,  redact 
gij.  *p.  otK.te1t.Og4     Digest.  PA.  Jk )     Dot 
to  fjij. 

TlRCTURA  A.NTIK1  UKII.IS  WAItUrUGI,  see  Be- 
beeru. 

■  (  KA  ArTIOBOBTAI  'cica,  Toothach  Tinc- 
ture. (  Tannin.  J}j,  Maetioh,  gr.  r,  «iaer.  ,yj. 
Mi)  To  be  applied  on  cotton  wool  to  the  tooth 
previously  dried. 

TlRCTURA      ARISTOLOCHLfl     SbKPBRTAMJB,    T. 

serpen  tarise —  t.  Aromatioa,  T.  einnamomi  com- 
posits — t.  Aromatioa  amnioniata,  SpiritM  ammo- 
nia? aromaticu8. 

1  1:  \  AssAva'ttDM,   T.  Fer'uim  AmofcB- 
tida,  T.  fas'tidm  pea  aemafoHidet,  Tincture  of  Aeea- 
[Asta/aetid.  jgiv,  alcohol.   Oij.     Mace- 
rate for   I  1  days  and  tiller.     Ph.  D.)     Dose,  gtt. 
xv  to  f3J. 

TlRCTURA  .Wnaf(etid.e  Ammoniata,  Spintus 
Ammonia  fostidus. 

TlRI  n  KA  .\i  KAN'tii,  T.  Cor'tici*  Aurantii, 
Tincture  of  Orange  PeeL  (Aurant.  cart.  recent 
£iij,  up.  red.  Oij.  Digest  for  14  days.)  Sto* 
in  :i  c-li  i  <-.  Used  B8  an  adjunct  to  stomachic 
draughts.     Dose,  f^ea  to  f'o'j- 

lis.  :i  1;  \  Ai  ki:a,  Alcohol  sou  tinctura  sulphu- 
rioo-sethereus  ferri. 

TiNCTUHA  liKLLAnON/N.C,  Tincture  of  Bella- 
donna. (Belladonnet,  ,S'V<  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days:  express,  and  filter  through 
paper.'  It  may,  also,  he  prepared  hy  displace- 
ment.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

Tinctcka  Bknzo'ini  Compos'ita,  T.  Iien'zoe'8 
comjxtiitft,  Bal'xamum  CathoV ivutn  sen  J'er'sicunt 
sen  trait/nut' icum.  Elixir  traumaticutn,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Benzoin,  Friar**  or  Vervain'*  Bal- 
mm,  Wade**  or  Jeeuitf*  drop*,  Commander**  or 
Wound  liiilxinn,  Baltam  for  Cut*,  (Benzoin.  ^W], 
*tyrac.  purif.  5ij,  Balaam,  tolut.  gj,  aloe*,  in  pulv. 
cohoL  Oij.  Macerate  !'»r  11  days  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant.  Used  chiefly  to  wounds 
and  ulcers. 

The  basis  of  Turlington'*  BaUam  of  Life,  Tur- 
lington'* Balsam,  is  the  Compound  Tincture  of 
Bensoin.  The  following  form  is  reoom mended 
by  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Ph  irinacy: — Alcohol.  Oviij,  Benzoin. £ xij.  Stvrac. 
liquid.  (^iv,  Aloe*  Socotrin.  xj,  Balsam,  Peruvian. 
.S'J'  Hyrrha  ,^j.  Bad.  Angelic  j^**.  Balaam.  Tolut., 
j.' it.  Glucvrrh.  aS  ,^iv.  Digest  for  10  days,  and 
strain. 

The  Essence  of  Coltafoot  consists  of  equal  parts 
of  the    Compound    Tincture  of  Benzoin   and    P,al- 

tan  of  To/11,  to  which  is  added  double  the  quan- 
tity of  Beatified  Spirit  of  Wine.  It  is  sold  as  a 
ral. 

Tijh  11  ka  Buchu,  T.Buchu,  Tincture  of Buohu. 
(Buch.  £▼,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij  1  Imi).  meas.).  Di- 
gest foT  seven  days  and  filter.  It  may  he  made, 
also,  by  percolation.  /'//.  E.)  Dose,  1'Zj  to 
13iv. 

Tincti  ka  BUCKU,  Tmctura  Buchu. 

Tim  n  ka  C.u.i  m'bj  .  T.  Columbm  sen  Colon*. 
htr.  (Ph.  C.  S.),  Tincture  of  Oalumbo,  Columbo 
Bitter*,  (Columh.  rod.  cont  ,^iv,  aleohoL  dilut, 
Oij.  Macerate  tor  14  days;  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  0.  S.)  Dose,  I  ."--  to  fjir.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement. 

Tim  1  Tin  ('  wii'iiou.f ,  Spiritua  oamphorsa. 

TlRCTURA     C  LM'PHOR  ».     COMPOS'lTA,     '/'.     O/tii 
■  ra'tn    (Ph.    C.   S.),    Con, pound    Tincture    or 

Camphorated  Tincture  of  Opium,  Elixir  Pare- 
gor'icum,  Paregor'ic  Elixir.  (Opii,  in  pair., 
Acid  Benzoic.  H  ^  «»/.  ant*t,  f5jj,  melli*  de*pu> 
mat.  Jij,  Camphor,  5)ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  1  1  days,  an  1  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 


C.  P.)  One  flutdounce  contains  nearly  gr.  ij  of 
opium.     Anodyne.     Dose,  I  33  to  f  g'rfj. 

Squire'*  Elixir,  an  empirical  carminative  pre- 
paration, is  thus  made, according  to  one  formula* 
[Opii  ^ir,  camphor.  %^j,  cocci neil.  3J,  faeuicul. 
i/u/c.  arij,  tiMcf.  mr]i> nt.  <»j.  ^y>.  aui*i.  oong.  ij, 

aqua*  Oij.  n»r»'  tnwivi,  XV}.) 

TiN(ii  1:  \  i\\'wi:;v  [R'DICJE,  Tincture  of  In- 
dian ll.i up.  /'ii.  Cannab.  purif,  5sa  (avoirdu- 
.  rectificat.  Oss  (Imp.  meas.J  Dissolve. 
/'A.  />.)     Dose,  about  49  drops. 

Tincti  1:  a  <am  iiak'iius,  ST.  (7.  re#i*e«to'rf«,  * 
Lyttcp.  sen  Mi  lot*  veeieato'rii,  Tincture  <>/  Cantha- 
ride*,  Tinctun  ■  '  8  ictering  Elii*.  T.  of  Spanish 
Flic*,  (F.)  Tiiut'urc  rubifiuute.  (Cantharid.  cont. 
3 ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days; 
express,  and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement  Ph.  TJ.  B.)  Stimulant  and  diu- 
retic, but  not  often  used  internally.  Externally, 
stimulant.      Dose,  gtt  X. 

Muttlu  u'x  Injection,  a  once  celebrated  nostrum 
for  fistula  in  ano,  consisted  wholly  of  a  dilute 
Tincture  ></"  Cautharide*. 

Tincti  ka  Cak'sici,  Tincture  of  Capaicnm  or 
Cayenne  Pepper.  (Coptic.  ,^j.  alcohol,  di I.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  It  may,  al.-o, 
be  prepared  l>y  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  .Stimu- 
lant.    Dose,  f^SS  to  t'^j. 

Tinctura   I '  \ki»amo'.mi,    T.    trmo'mi    repenUi*, 

Tincture  of  ('<tr'daino»oy.  (Car dam.  cont.  ^iv, 
alcohol,  dilut.  (,)ij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  strain, 
and  filter.  It  may.  also,  be  made  by  displace- 
ment. Ph.  0.  S.)  l.-c,  the  same  as  the  seeds. 
Dose,  \'^'\  to  fgiv. 

Solomon'*  Holm  of  < HI' end.  an  empirical  prepa- 
ration, seems  to  be  an  aromatic  tincture,  —  of 
which  Cardamom*  form  a  leading  ingredient, 
—made  with  brandy.  Some  affirm  that  it  con- 
tains cautharide*. 

Tincti  1;  \  CaRDAVOYI  Compos'ita,  Tinctum 
Stomach' li  •>,  Compound  Titiet ure  of  Card' ainomx, 
Stomach    Tincture.    (Cardamom.  Cont.    5J vj.  Carui. 

cont.  ^ij,  einnom.  cont.  t^v,  Uva  pa**a>  demptis 
aciais,  37,  (■<,<■<■>.  cont.  ^j.  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiiest 

Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  filter.  Ph. 
I  .  B.)  .Stomachic  and  carminative.  Dose,  f^ij 
to  fjiv. 

Tinctcka   Cakminati'va   Svi.'vii.  Alcoola'tum 

Carminati'  rum  Sulvii,  Car  in  i  not  i  re   Elixir  of  Si/f- 

viux.   (Had.  angelic  A  p^rad.  imperator.,  galang. 

Si   6  V-.fol.   roxmarin.,  majorat!.,  ru<a\  basilic.  $A 

1>  ]...  ha<-ear.  lour,  nobil.  12  p.  xem.  angelic,  t>- 
ijust.  lerixt.,  ani».  aa  16  p..  zingib.,  nuc  moschat. 
aa  (5  p.,  ciiinam.  12  p.,  caryoph.,  cort,  limon.  ai  4 
p.  Add  alcohol  1600  p.  Macerate  and  distil, 
1000  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  warm  stomachic,  carmina- 
tive, lie.     Dose,  fS^M  to  '  ,SSS- 

Tinctcka  Cascakii/i..k,  T.  Crnto'ni*  Eleuthe'- 
ricp,  Al'cohol  cum  Croto'ni  CavcarillA,  Tim  turn 
of  Caecarilia.  (Caecarilf.  cort.  cont.  ,^iv,  xp.  ten. 
Oij.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f3J  to  fjiT. 

Ti\(tik\  Casto'kki,  T.  ('astoifi  Rotfeici  sen 
Cattorei  Oanaden'ei*,  Emen'tia  Castor ei,  Al'cohol 
caetoria'tum,  Tincture  of  Castor.  (Caetor  cont. 
£ij,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  7  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.S.)  Tonic  and  antispasmodic, 
ftt  xx  to  f.^ij.  or  iio.r  >, 

Tin.  rURl  OlSTORRl  CoUPOS'lTA,  T.  C.  ammo. 
nia'ta,  Compound  Tincture  of  Caetor.  (Cast.  "£& 
g,  axafatid.  Jss,  alcohol,  amnuatiat.  Oj.     /'//.  )■:.) 

Antispasi lie.     Dose,  f  Sj  to  tfi\v.    Called,  also, 

Elixir  far' tidum,  Tinctura  caetorei  ftrtida  seu  /'•»  - 

ttda    ammonia' to . 

Tinctura    Gat'ecru,   Tinctura  Japon'icn  >>m 

Mimo'x(P     Catechu    mi    Aca'cioj    Catechtl,    Tincture 

of   Catechu.      totec/i.  xiij,  ciunam.   oontus.  t^ij, 
alcohol,    dilut.   oij.      Macerate  for   II  days,  ex- 
preas  and  filter.     /'//.  I  .  S.\     Astrii 
^33  t,J  fo'J- 


TINCTURA 


916 


TINCTURA 


The  Concentrated  Solution  of  Charcoal,  sold  for 
cleaning  the  teeth,  seems  to  be  little  more  than 
the  tincture  of  catechu. 

Tinctura  Chirett'jE,  Tincture  of  Chiret'ta. 
(Chirett.  cont.  t^v,  (avoird.)  alcohol,  dibit.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  f  3J>  or  f  3ij,  as  a  tonic. 

Tinctura  CicutjE,  T.  conii  maculati. 

Tinctura  Cincho'n^e,  T.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni 
Simplex  seu  Cort.  Peruvia'ni,  Tincture  of  Cincho- 
na or  of  Bark.  (Cinchon.  flav.  in  pulv.  Hjvj, 
alcohol,  dibit.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter  through  paper.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f3J 
to  f£iv>  or  more. 

Tinctura  Cincho'n.e  Ama'ra  seu  alcohol'ica 
corticum  aitrantio'rtim  Whyttii  seu  Kinki'nep. 
ama'ra,  Elixir  antihypochondri'acum  seu  rob' - 
orans  Whyt'tii  seu  Whyttii  seu  stomach'icum 
spirituo'sum,  Essen'tia  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Com- 
posita.  (Cinch,  p.  viij,  Gentian.  Bad.,  Cort. 
Aurant.  p.  iij.  Alcohol.  (-900)  96  p.  Digest.  Dose, 
one  or  two  teaspoonfuls.) 

Tinctura  Cinchona  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni  volat'ilis,  Ammoniated  or  Volatile 
Tincture  of  Bark.  (Cinchon.  lancifol.  cort.  cont. 
£iv,  sp.  amnion,  aromat.  Oij.  Ph.  L.)  In  dys- 
pepsia, combined  with  acidity  and  languor. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  JEthe'rea  Compos'ita, 
T.  Kince  Kince  cpthe'rea  compos'ita,  Elixir' turn 
Antisep'ticnm  Docto'ris  Chaussier,  Chanssier's 
Antisep'tic  Elixir.  (Cinchon.  officin.  3jij,  cos- 
carill.  ^ss,  cinnam.  3"j»  c''OC!  3SS»  8acch.  alb. 
3xxxviij.  Put  these  bruised  into  a  matrass,  and 
add  »mi.  alb.  Hispanic,  vel  vin.  muscat.,  alcohol. 
aa  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  days,  and  add  sulphuric 
ether  f  3iss.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stimulant,  and  an- 
tiseptic.    Dose,  f3ss  to  ft^j. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  Compos'ita,  T.  Cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni  Composita  seu  febrif'uga  Docto'ris 
Huxha'mi  seu  Alexi phar' maca  Huxhami  seu  Al- 
cohol'ica Chinee  Compos'ita,  Essen'tia  Chinee  seu 
Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Alexiphar'maca  Huxhami 
seu  antisep'tica  Huxhami,  Compound  Tincture 
of  Cinchona  or  Bark,  Huxham's  Tincture  of  Bark. 
(Cinchon.  rubr.  pulv.  %^ij,  aurant.  cort.  cont.  ^iss, 
serpent,  cont.  3"J»  croci,  santal.  aa  3J»  alcohol, 
dilut.  f3xx-  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  made  by 
displacement.  More  grateful  than  the  simple 
tincture.     Dose,  f  3j  to  f  3iij. 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'mi,  T.  Lanri  Cinnamomi, 
Essen'tia  Cinnamomi,  Tincture  of  Cinnamon.  (Cin- 
nam. cont.  t^iij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Stomachic. 
Dose,  f3J  to  f  3ij. 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'ita,  T.  seu  Es- 
sen'tia Aromat'ica,  Alco'dl  cum  Aromat'ibus  Com- 
pos'itus,  Compound  Tincture  of  Cinnamon,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Bonferme  ou  d'Armagnac.  (Cinnam. 
cont.  ^j,  cardam.  cont.  3jss,  zingib.  cont.  3UJ> 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Use,  same  as  the  last. 
Dose,  f  3J  to  f3'ij' 

Tinctura  Cocci  Cacti,  Tincture  of  Coch'ineal. 
(Cocci  pulv.  ^ij  (avoird.),  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj.  (Imp. 
meas.  Ph.  D.)  Chiefly  a  colouring  ingredient. 
At  times,  given  in  nervous  affections.  Dose,  gtt. 
xij  to  f  3j. 

Tinctura  be  Cochlea'riis,  Alcoola'tum  de 
Cochlea'riis  seu  antiscorbu'  ticum.  (Fol.  cochlear, 
recent.  2500  p.,  rad.  armoracice,  230  p.,  alcohol. 
(22°  to  32°  Beaume)  3000  p.,  distil  off  2000  p. 
Ph.  P.)     Antiscorbutic.     Dose,  f^ij  to  ft^j. 

Tinctura  Col'chici,  T.  C.  Sem'inis,  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Tincture  of  Colchicum  Seed.     (Colchic.  sem. 


cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dibit.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement*  Dose,  ten  to 
sixty  drops. 

Tinctura  Colchici  Composita,  Spiritus  col- 
chici  ammoniatus — t.  Colchici  seminis,  T.  colchici 
—  t.  Colombae,  T.  Calumbae. 

Tinctura  Coni'i,  T.  C.  Macula'ti,  T.  Cieu'ta>, 
Tincture  of  Hemlock.  (Conii  fol.  %iv,  alcohol, 
dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.    Use;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  leaves. 

Tinctura  Conii  Maculati,  T.  conii  —  t.  Con- 
volvuli  Jalapae,  T.  jalapii  —  t.  Corticis  aurantii, 
T.  aurantii  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviani  composita,  T. 
cinchonas  comp.  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviani  simplex, 
T.  cinchona?' — t.  Corticis  Peruviani  volatilis,  T. 
cinchonae  ammoniata. 

Tinctura  Croci  Sati'vi,  T.  Croci,  Tincture 
of  Saffron.  (Croci  Angl.  cont.  ^j,  alcohol,  dibit. 
Jxv.  Ph.  E.)  Slightly  stomachic  [?].  Dose,  f  3J 
to  fjjfij. 

Tinctura  de  Croco  Compos'ita,  Eb'xir'inm  de 
Garus,  Alcoola'tum  de  Croco  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Saffron,  Elixir  of  Gams. 
(Aloes  Socotr.  320  p.,  myrrh.  64  p.,  croci.  32  p., 
cinnam.,  nuc.  moschat.,  caryoph.  aa,  16  p.,  alcohol. 
1000  p.  aq.  for.  aurant.  5000  p.  Digest  for  two 
days  ;  distil  4000  p.  and  add  syrup  of  capillaire, 
5000  p.  Ph.  P.)  Aromatic,  cordial,  stomachic. 
It  is  also  called  Elixir  cordia'le  et  stomach'icum, 
and  E.  anticol'icum  cr oca1 'turn. 

Tinctura  Croto'nis,  Tincture  of  Crotom  Un- 
der this  name  Mr.  E.  "Wilson  recommends  'a 
most  valuable  cutaneous  stimulant,'  made  by  add- 
ing four  fluidounces  of  alcohol  to  one  ounce  of  the 
bruised  seeds  of  Croton  tiglium. 

Tinctura  Crotonis  Eleutherijs,  T.  casca- 
rillee. 

Tinctura  Cubeb'js,  Tincture  of  Cubebs.  (Cu- 
beb.  cont.  giv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  one  or 
two  fluidrachms. 

Tinctura  Cusparij3,  Tinctura  Augusturae. 

Tinctura  Digita'lis,  T.  Digitalis  pnrpu'rece, 
Tincture  of  Digitalis.  (Digital,  ^iv,  alcohol,  di- 
lut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.) 
It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Use, 
same  as  that  of  the  leaves.     Dose,  gtt.  x. 

Tinctura  Er'gotjc,  Tincture  of  Ergot.  (Ergot. 
in  pulv.  crass.  ^ viij  (avoird.),  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.     Ph.  D.)     Dose,  f  3  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Er'got^e  jEthe'rea.  Ethe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Ergot.  (Ergot,  contus.  ^xv,  jEther.  Oij, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  7  days,  express,  and 
filter.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  60  to  90  minims. 

Tinctura  Febrifuga  Doctoris  Huxhami,  T. 
cinchonae  composita. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Aceta'tis,  Tincture  of  Ace- 
tate of  Iron.  (Potass,  acetat.  Hjij,  sufph.  ferri. 
^j,  sp.  rectif.  Oij.  Rub  the  acetate  and  sulphate 
into  a  soft  mass.  Dry  and  rub  with  the  spirit. 
Digest  for  7  days,  and  pour  off.  Ph.  D.)  Tonic 
and  astringent.  Dose.  gtt.  xx  to  f3j.  The  Dub- 
lin college  directs  a  Tinctura  Acetatis  Ferri  cum 
Alcoho'le,  which  differs  from  the  other,  in  having 
half  the  quantity,  only,  of  the  Acetate  of  Potass. 

Tinctura   Ferri  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Fei-ri  Am- 

moniaca'lis   seu  Florum  martia'lium  seu  Jfartis 

Mynsich'ti,  Tincture  of  Ammoniated  Iron.     (Ferri 

j  ammon.  §iv,  sp.  ten.  Oj.     Ph.  L.)     Use  —  same  as 

that  of  the  ammoniated  iron.    Dose,  f  3SS  to  f  3'j- 

Tinctura    Ferri    Ammo'nio-Chlo'kipi,   Tinc- 
ture of  Atnmonio-chloride  of  Iron.      (Ferri  ammo- 
[  nio-chlorid.   ^iv,   alcohol,  dibit.,   aquas  destillat. 


TINCTURA 


917 


TINCTURA 


aa  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Dose,  gtt.  x  to  x.\. 

Tinctura  PbbrI  Culoripi,  T.  ferri  muriatis. 

Tuctuba  Fkbri  Muria'iis,  T.  Ferri ehlo'ridi 

(Ph.  U.  S.)  SCU  stsaui-chlo'ridi  seu  Marti*  in  Spi- 

ritu  S-i/i'h  ten  Marti*  cum  Spirit*  8ati»  tea  Ftrri 

Muria'ti,  Lienor  Ferri  Muria'tis,  Tincture  of 
Muriate  of  Iron,  Tiw-ture  of  Steel,  Alcohol  ferra' - 
tun.  (Ftrri  tubcarb.  Ibss,  arid,  muriat.  Oj, 
alcohol.  Oiij.  Add  the  Mid  to  the  subcarbonate 
in  a  gla-^  vessel,  and  shake  during  three  days. 
Pour  off  and  add  the  spirit.  Ph.  U.  8.)  Tonic 
anil  styptic.  It  has  been  given,  also,  with  ad- 
vantage in  erysipelas  and  learlatiaa  in  the  dose 
of  TT^  x  to  1\  xx,  every  two  or  three  hours.  Dose, 
gtt.  x  to  xx. 

nhefTe  Tincture  or  K/aproth's  Tincture  is 
an  ethereal  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
composed  of  dry  perehloridt  of  iron,  one  part; 
Hoffmann' »  anodyne  Honor,  seven  parts. 

The  Antirenereal  Drops,  at  one  time  so  cele- 
brated at  Amsterdam,  were  examined  by  Seheele, 
and  found  to  he  a  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  and 
corrosive  sublimate. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Sesquichloridi,  T.  Ferri 
muriatis — t.  Ferula'  Assafoetidsa,  T.  Assafoetidae — 
t.  Florum  martialium,  T.  ferri  ammoniata — t.  Fee- 
tida,  T.  assatVtidaj  —  t.  Foetida  ammoniata,  T. 
eastorei oomposita  —  t,  Fuliginis,  see  Fnligo. 

TlNCTURA  G.u/bani,  Tincture  of  Ga/banum. 
(Gulb.  3 ij.  ep,  tenuior.  Oij.  Ph.  I).)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic     Dose,  f£j  to  f<£iij< 

Tinctura  (Jalla'uim,  T.  GallcB,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Tincture  of  Gall*.  (Gall,  contus.  ^iv,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement      Astringent.      Dose,  f£j  to  f^i'j- 

Tinctura  Gkntia'n.e  Compos'ita,  Tinct.  A  ma' - 
rw,  Elix'ir  Stomach' icum,  Compound  Tincture  of 
(,'■  iitian,  Spirit  Hitters.  (Gent,  eoncis.  ^ij,  an- 
raut.  cort.  %^j,  cardam.  eont.  ^s^,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may,  likewise,  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  V.  S.)     Tonic  and  stomachic.     Dose,  f^j  to 

Brodum's  Nervous  Cordial  consists  of  the  Tinc- 
tures of  Gentian,  Coluniba,  Cardamom,  and  Bark, 
with  the  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  and  Wine 
of  Iron. 

Stou<jhtons  Elixir  is  a  compound  tincture  of 
gentian.  The  Elixir* ium  Doeto'ru  Stoughton  seu 
Tinctu'ra  Ama'ra  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  —  Absinth,  summit,  exsiccat., 
Teneri  cham&drys.  Pad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant., 
a  a.  £vj,  cascari//(B    £j,  rhei  3SS>  aloes  socotr.  £j, 

alcohol.  Oij.)     Digest. 

Tinctura  Guai'aci,  T.  Gnaiaci  Officinalis, 
Tincture  of  Guai'acum.  (Guaiac.  Ibss,  alcohol. 
1 1  j.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  sudorific.  Used  especially  in  rheu- 
naatic  and  arthritic  cases.  Nearly  the  same  as 
1IHV*  Eetenee  of  Bardana  or  Burdock. 

Tinctura  Guai'aci  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Guaiaci'na 
Volat'i/ix,  T.  Guai'aci,  (Ph.  L.  1788,)  Elixir 
(,'uai'aci  Yolatilis,  Al'cohol  cum  Guai'aco  offici- 
nale ammoni'atus,  A.  ammonia:  ct  Guai'aci,  Am- 
moniated  Tincture  qf  tiuai'arum,  Vol'atile  Tinc- 
ture of  Gnai'acnm.  (  Guaiac.  pulv.  JIT,  sp.  amnion, 
arum.  Oiss.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter. 
Ph.  I'.  8.)     Properties  same  as  the  last.     Dose, 

f33 1(>  <■#.]• 

Hatfield**    Tincture.  —  a  nostrum  —  consists  of 

Giiaiacuiu  and  Soap,  aa  5Jij,  rectified  spirit,  Oiss. 

TlBCTUBA   Hki  ukb'oiu,  T.  Helleb'ori  Nigri,  T. 

M>  tampo'dii,  Tincture  of  Black  II'  lb  bore.  (Ihl- 
l-b.  uijr.  eont  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express  and  filter.  It  may  also  be 
prepared  by  displacement  PA.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f 3ss  to  f3J. 


Tinctura  IIiura,  Vinum  aloes. 

Tinctura  Hi  mi  u.  T.  Lu'pmii,  Tincture  of 
Hops.  (Hamuli,  Jv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.)  Touic 
and  sedative.     Dose,  fXss  to  f.^iij- 

Tinctura  Hyoscy'ami,  T.  agoeeyami  nigri, 
Tincture  of  Henbane.  (Hvoeeyam.fol,  5iv,  <«^co- 
hol.  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  1 1  days,  expr 
filter.  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  (".  S.)  Narcotic,  anodyne.  Dose,  git.  xx. 
to  f  Jij. 

Tinctura  lo'msi,(Ph.  U.  #,1842,)  T.  lodin'ii, 
(Ph.  I'.  S.,  1S5U  Alcohol  lo'dii,  Tincture  of 
Iodine.  (lodin.  ^j,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  /'//. 
U.  S.)  The  tincture  spoils  by  keeping,  or  at 
Least,  deposits  the  iodine.  It  has  beeu  much 
used  in  goitre,  <kc.  Dose,  ten  drops  three  times 
a  day. 

An  ethereal  and  a  chloroform  tincture  of  iodine 
have  been  used,  to  affect  the  system  with  iodine 
by  inhalation. 

Tinctura  Iodini  Compos'ita,  (Ph.  U.  S.,IS42,) 

T.  lodin'ii  Compoxita,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,)  Com- 
pound   Tincture  of'  Iodine.      (lodin.  ^ss,  Potassii 

iodid.  5j,  Alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve/  Ph.  I.  S.) 
Dose,  10  to  30  drops. 

Tinctura  Jala'pii,  T.  Jata'pm,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu 

Convol'vuli  Jalapce,    Vali'ga,     Tincture    of  Jalap. 

(Jalap,  pulv.  5vi,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f!Jj  to  f 3iv. 

Tinctura  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Elixir  Ja- 
lap'&  Compos' itum  seu  purgana  seu  anthelmin'ti- 
cum  Sueco'rum,  Essen' tia  cathoYioa  purgan*  Ro- 
th' ii,  (F.)  Eau  de  vie  Allemande.  (Jalap.  Ibss, 
Scammon.  ^j,  AteohoL  (22°)  Ovj.  Macerate  for 
eight  days.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  60  to  100  drops. 

Tinctura  Japonica,  Tinctura  catechu  —  t. 
Kime  kinae  aethereacomposita,  Tinctura  cinchonas 
aetherea  composita — t  Kinkinae  amara,  Tinctura 
cinchonae  amara. 

Tinctura  Kino,  Tincture  of  Kino.  (Kino,  in 
pulv.,  £vj ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Put  the  kino, 
mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sapd.  into  a  perco- 
lator, and  gradually  pour  on  diluted  alcohol 
until  f,^viij  of  filtered  liquor  pass.  The  tincture 
should  be  renewed  frequently,  and  kept  in  closely 
stopped  bottles.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Astringent.     Dose, 

^3J  tof^ij. 

Tinctu'ra  KraMe'ri.c,  Tincture  of  Rhatany. 
(Kramer,  in  pulv.  ,^vj,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose, 
f3J  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Lactuca'rii,  Tincture  of  Lactuca'- 
rium.  (Lactucar.  in  pulv.  J^iv,  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Best  prepared  by  percolation. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  30  minims  to  f^j. 

Tinctura  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Tinctura  cinna- 
momi — t.  Lavandulae  composita,  SpLritus  lavand. 
comp. 

Tinctura  Limo'nis,  Tincture  of  Lemon  peel. 
( Limon.  cort.  fCiiisS,  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.) 
Macerate  for  7  days,  express  and  filter.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  f £j  to  f^ij. 

Tinctu'ra  LoBI'LLA,  Tincture  of  Lob,  Ha. 
(lob,/.  *iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  f^i 
to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Lobk'lije  JEthe'rra,  Ethe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Lobe'lia.  (Label,  pulv.  5v,  Sp.  cr'lur. 
sulph.  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  E.  and  L.)  Dose, 
same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Lupuli,  Tinctura  Ilumuli,  T.  Lu- 
puliinc. 

Tinctu'ra  Lupui.i'n.*:,  T.  Lu'puli,  (Ph.  E.) 
Tincture  of  Lu'puline.      (Lupulin.   5^v>    alcohol. 


TINCTURA 


918 


TINCTURA 


Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f  5g  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  L  yttje, Tinctura  cantharidis — t.  Mar- 
tis  Glauberi,  see  Ferruui  tartarizatum — t.  Martia 
in  spiritd  salis,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  Martia 
Mynsichti,  Tinctura  ferri  ammouiata  —  t.  Martia 
Vinos  a,  Vinuni  ferri. 

Tinctura  Matico,  Tincture  of  Matico.  {Matico 
in  pulv.  crass.  ,^viij,  (avoird.)  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.     Ph.  D.)     Dose,  f£j  to  f^iij. 

Tinctura  Mklampodii,  Tinctura  hellebori 
nigri — t.  Meloes  vesicatorii,  Tinctura  cantharidis 
—  t,  Metallorum,  Lilium  Paracelsi  —  t.  Mimosse 
catechu,  Tinctura  catechu. 

Tinctura  Mqschi,  Tincture  or  Essence  of  Musk. 
(Month,  in  pulv.  redact.  gij.  sp.  vini  red.  Oj. 
Dose,  f  33  to  fSJiv. 

Tinctura  Myrrh^e,  Tincture  of  Myrrh,  Simple 
Tincture  of  Myrrh.  (Myrrha  contusae  ^iv,  alco- 
hol Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Tonic,  deobstruent,  antiseptic,  and  deter- 
gent. It  is  chiefly  used  in  gargles,  and  applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  spongy  gums,  &c. 

Hudson's  Preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Gums 
consists  of  Tinct.  myrrh.,  tinct.  cinch.,  aq.  cinnam. 
aa  .^iij.  eau  d'arquebusade  ^j,  pulv.  gum.  Arab. 
gas.     M. 

Tinctura  Nervina  Bestucheffii,  Tinctura 
seu  alcohol  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri — t.  Nervina 
Halensis,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-sethe- 
reus  ferri — t.  Nervino-tonica,  Lainotte's,  Alcohol 
seu  Tinctura  sulphurico-asthereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Nucis  Vom'ic.e,  Tincture  of  Nux 
Vomica.  (Alcohol,  s.  g.  837,  f.^j;  Pry  Extract 
of  Nux  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt.  v  to  xxx,  in 
cases  where  the  nux  vomica  is  indicated. 

It  is  directed,  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  (1851),  to  be  prepared  as  follows:  —  Nucis  vo- 
mica rasur.,  §viij :  alcohol,  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  the  process  of  displacement.  Dose,  gtt. 
v  to  xx. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Piperi't.e,  Tincture 
of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Essence  of  Peppermint. 
(01.  menthcB  piperitce.  f.^'j.  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  5  drops,  as  a  carminative. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Vir'idis,  Tincture  of 
Spearmint,  Essence  of  Spearmint,  is  made  in  the 
same  manner.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Tinctura  O'pii,  T.  Theba'ica  seu  Sedati'va, 
Theriaca  coeles'tis,  Al'cohol  cum  Opio,  Tincture 
of  Opium,  Liquid  Lau'danum.  (Opii  pulv. 
^ijss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Nineteen  minims 
contain  about  one  grain  of  opium.  Properties, 
those  of  opium.  Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  lx  and  more. 
By  macerating  the  dregs  remaining  after  making 
the  Tinctura  Opii  in  a  solution  of  Tartaric  Acid, 
a  solution  is  obtained,  which  is  said  to  be  devoid 
of  the  exciting  and  constipating  properties  of  the 
tincture  of  opium.  Gray  calls  it  Baden's  Liquor 
Opii  Sedati'vus. 

Tinctu'ra  Opii  Aceta'ta,  Ac"etated  Tincture 
of  Opium.  (Opii  ^ij  ;  aceti,  f^xij  ;  alcohol.  Oss. 
Rub  the  opium  with  the  vinegar;  add  the  alco- 
hol, and  having  macerated  for  14  days,  express 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Twenty  drops  are  equi- 
valent to  a  grain  of  opium. 

Tinctura  Opii  Ammonia'ta,  Ammo'niated  Tinc- 
ture of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregor'ic  Elix'ir. 
(Flor.  benz.,  croci,  aa  £>iij,  opii  5Jij,  ol  anisi  gss, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f^jxvj.  Digest.  Ph.  E.) 
f  3j  contains  one  grain  of  opium.  Used  like  the 
Tinctura  Camphora  Composita. 

Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  cam- 
phorae  composita  —  t.  Plumbosa,  Liquor  Plumbi 
subacetatis  dilutus. 

Tinctura     Quas'si^e,     T.    Quassias    excel'&a, 


jj  Tincture  nf  Quassia.  (Quassia  rasur.  ^ij,  al- 
jj  cohol.  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  f£j  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Quas'si^e  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Quas'sia  (Cardam.  gem.  contus., 
Cocci  contus.  aa  ,^ss;  Cinnam.,  Quassia,  aa  *Jvj  > 
Uvar  pasar,  t^vij;  *S}>.  tenuior.  Oij  (Imp.  meas.). 
Digest  for  7  days;  express  and  filter.  May  be 
prepared  also  by  percolation.  Ph.  E.)  Dose,  as 
a  tonic,  fgj  or  f£ij. 

Tincture  Quince  Compos'ita,  Compound  Tinc- 
ture of  Qui'na.  (Quinia  aulph,  gv  and  ^j  ; 
Tinct.  aurantii,  Oij,  (Imp.  meas.)  Oij.  Digest  for 
7  days  and  filter.  Ph.  L.)  fgj,  contains  a  grain 
of  the  sulphate. 

Tinctura  Qui'ni^e  Sulpha'tis,  Tincture  of 
Sulphate  of  Qui'nia.  (Sulphate  of  Quinia,  s:r.  vj  ; 
alcohol,  (-S47)  fjj.  M.)  Dose,  f£j  to  f£iv,  in 
the  day. 

Tinctura  Cincho'nia  Sulpha'tis  may  be  made 
in  a  similar  manner. 

Tinctura  Rhabarbari,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  Rha- 
barbari  composita,  Tinctura  rhei  composita  —  t. 
Rhabarbari  vinosa,  Vinum  rhei  palmati. 

Tinctura  Rhei,  T.  Rhabarb'ari  seu  Rhabar- 
bari spirituo'sa  seu  Rhoei  seu  Rhei  pal  ma'ti,  Tinc- 
ture of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei  contus.  ^iij,  cardam. 
cont.  %*$,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S)  Stomachic 
or  purgative,  according  to  the  dose  employed  : 
f£j  to  £ij,  as  a  stomachic;  f^iv  to  3J,  as  a  pur- 
gative. 

Tinctura  Riiei  Compos'ita,  T.  Rhabarbari 
composita,  Compound  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei 
rad.  concis.  ^ij,  glycyrrhiz.  rad.  cont.  ^ss,  zin- 
gib.  rad.  concis.,  croci  stigmat.  aa  ^ij,  aqua 
f^xij,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  same  as 
the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Al'oes,  Elixir  sacrum, 
Tincture  of  Rhubarb  and  Aloes.  (Rhei  concis. 
£x,  aloes  pulv.  gvj,  cardam.  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  like  the  last. 

Rymer's  Car'diac  Tincture  consists  of  an  infu- 
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom  seeds, 
Rhubarb,  Aloes  and  Castor  in  Proof  Spirit,  with 
a  very  small  quantity  of  Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Gentia'n^e,  Tinctura  Rhei 
Ama'ra,  Tincture  of  Rhubarb  irith  Gcn'tian. 
(Rhei  cont.  ^ij,  gentian,  cont.  ^fss,  alcohol,  dibit. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Properties  same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Senn^e,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb and  Senna,  Warner's  Gout  Cordial.  (Rhei 
cont.  ^j,  senna,  £\},  coriandr.  cont.,  fcenicnl. 
cont.  aa  3J»  santal.  rasur.  gij,  croci,  ext.  glycyr- 
rhiz. rad.  aa  £ss,  uvar.  passar.  acinis  exemptis, 
ftss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days; 
express    and    filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^ss   to 

fjij. 

Tinctura  Rhcei,  Tinctura  rhei  —  t.  Rhoei 
amara,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentianae  —  t.  Sacra,  Yi- 
num  aloes. 

TlNCTURA  Sanguina'rije,  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root.  (Sanguinar.  cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph,  U. 
S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Dose,  30  to  60  drops. 

Tinctura  Saponis  Camphorata,  Linimentum 
saponis  —  t.  Saponis  et  opii,  Linimentum  saponis 
et  opii. 

Tinctura  Scill^e,  Tincture  of  Squill.  (Scifla 
^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  xv  to  lx. 

Tinctura  Sedativa,  Tinctura  opii. 


TINCTURE 


91  9 


TINCTURE 


Tincttra  Sr.NN.f:,  T.  Sennet  Compot'ita,  Elixir 
Salu'tie,  Daffy'*  Elixir,  Tinctmrt  of  Senna, 
1KB  ful.  5'iij,  carui  tern,  cont.  Jig,  cardam.  tern. 
eont  3j,  Hvanuii  pamarum  demptis  acinic.  ,t1V- 
8f>.  ten.  Oij.  J'h.  L.  d-  D.)  Btomochio,  carmina- 
tive and  cathartic  Dose,  t'^ij  to  I5J. 
Ti.vt  :  I  I     1  1  ■   .l.vi  \'i\t:.    rind 

and  Jalap,  (Some?  o'jj-  j»l('i>-  pulv.  jjj, 
eoriaudr.  eont,  carta  cont,  &i  388,  cardam,  oouL 
2  cA.  5'vt  alcohol.  diluL  Oiy.    Macerate  for 

14  days,  express,  and  Biter.  W.  E7.  &)  It  ma; 
h!m.  be  prepared  by  displacement  Dose,  i'5'j 
fcof^j. 

1  r  a  Sbrpbbta'rijB,  T.  Serpenta'ria  seu 
Virginia' na\  seu  Arittolochi'ai  Serpentarien,  Tinc- 
l»  nt.  t^iij,  alcohol. 
dilut.  oij.  Macerate  For  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  /'A.  r.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by 
displaeemenL     Tonic,     Dose,  fjjsa  l"  'o'J- 

m  m  mica,   Tinctura    eardasaomi 
site. 

rDRA     BtRAMO'RH,     Tincture    of    Struma'. 

niitni.     (Stramon,  seat,  cont   <$iv,  alcohol,  dilut. 

0\.     Macerate  for  14  dayt,  express,  and  filter. 

J         .  S.)    It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 

teo  to  t« enty  minims. 

n  HA  BtRTCB'HLSE,    Tincture  of  Strychnia. 
'.  s.  g.  '837,  Oj,  Strychnia,  gr.  iij.)    Dose, 
6  drops  to  24.     Properti  Btrychnia, 

1  i:a  (SOU  Al/COHOl  Si  I  I'Hl  |'rJCO-/EtHB- 
101  s  Fkrri,  (iuttcr  nerri'ixr.  Liquor  Anod'j/nue 
JIartia'lit,  Al'eohol  athi  ' n  m  _/'•  n  ■I'tux,  Naph'tha 
Vitrioli  Martia'lie,  Solutio  IJuriatie ferrici  a-tlie- 
syir'itu*  Kuljihurico-  crthc' ram  martial/'*, 
Tinctu'ra  nervi'na  Halen'eie  seu  'JOu' ico-nervi'na 
Salen'eit  seu  au'rea  Ben  aervtna  Bettucheffli  Beu 
vcrrino-tnn' ica  ( Lamot te's )  seu  astAe'rea  ferri, 
Martia'lii,  l)e  La  Jfot/t'x  tiohhn  Drop*, 
Jiixtif  n*    Tincture,   (F.)   Elixir  d' Or 

d>  M.  U  General  De  La  Matte.  An  ethereal  solu- 
tion of  muriate  of  iron.  It  is  much  used  in  gout, 
hypochondriasis,  etc. 

-  1:  v  Sri  111  cms  Volatilis,  Liquor  fu- 
mnns  Boylii  —  t.  Tuebaica,  Tinctura  opii,  Vinum 
opii. 

Tim  inu  ToLUIP'bRA  Bai/SAW,  T.  Bal'eami 
Tolutu'ni,     T.     Tolutu'ni     (Ph.    U.    S.,    1842.),    T. 

Toluta'ua  (Ph.  D.  '>.,  1S51),  Tincture  of  Balaam 
■  .  i  i:,,i».  Tolutan.  giij,  alcohol  Og.)  Re- 
puted to  he  expectorant  and  corroborant.  Dose, 
f.v~  '"  'oJ-  "''  "'ore. 

Tnr<  iriiA  Tonka  Xkuvina  Hai.knsis,  Tinc- 
tura (sen  Alcohol)  sulphurico-atherea  ferri. 

Tim  iiha  Valbria'h.S,  Tincture  of  Valerian. 
(Valerian,  cont.  5iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
:  r  1 1  days,  express,  and  strain.     It  may 

also  )>e  prepared  by  displacement  /'//.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic  Dose,  f^ss  to  f^'j- 

TiMiritA  VALKRiAN.t:  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Valeri- 
ana Volat'ilit,  Ammo'niated  or  Volatile  Tincture 
of  Valerian,  f  Valeriana  cont.  ,^jiv,  tp.  ammon. 
aroni.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement, 
bike  the  former.     Dose,  fSJss  to  fZij. 

IIHA  VbRA'TRJ,   T.    Yeratri   a/hi,    Tincture 

of  White  Hellebore,  [Had.  veratri  alb,  eont 
jfviij,  alcohol  dilut.  Oijss.  Ph.  K.)  Emetic  and 
cathartic;  but  not  very  manageable.  Dose,  gtt. 
v  to  x. 

I  -  m  i:\  ZiMOTB'BRIB,  T.  Atno'nii  Zingiberis, 
Tincture  of  Ginger.  [Zingib.  cont.  ^viij,  alcohol. 
Oii.  Macerate  for  1(  days,  express,  and  fil t.r. 
It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement  Ph.  f  .  8.) 
Stimulant  Rnd  carminative.     D  to  f2j. 

TINCTURE,  Tinctura— t.  of  Aconite,  Tinctura 
aconiti  —  t.  of  Aconite  root,  Tinctura  aooniti  ra- 
di'-is  —  t.  of  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloei  —  t.  of  Aloes, 
eomponnd,  Tinctura  aloes  composite — t.  of  Aloes, 
ethereal,  Tinctura  aloes  a-therea — t.  of  Ammonia,  II 


compound,  Spiritus  ammonia;  succinatus  —  t.  of 
Angnstara,  Tinctura  angustnrai — t.  of  Assafeiida, 
Tinctura  assafo  tida »—  t.  oi  Balsam  of  Tola,  Tina- 
tnra  toluiferaa  balsam! — t.  of  Park,  Tinctura  ein- 
chonai  —  t.  of  lbuk,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  mb- 
ebonai  ammoniate — t.  of  Park,  eomponnd.  Tinc- 
tura cinohonai  oompoeite — t.  of  Bark,  Hnxham's, 
Tinctura  sinchonaa  OOmposite — t.  of  Park,  vola- 
tile, Tinctura  cinchona  amnioniata  —  t.  of  I 
donna,  Tinctura  belladonna-  —  t.  of  Benaoin,  eom- 
ponnd, Tinctura  ben/.oini  Composite  —  t.  Pestu- 
inetnra  ferri  muriatis—  Lof  Blistering 
By,  Tinctura  cantharidis  —  t.  of  Bloodroot,  Tinc- 
tura sanguinaria'  —  t.  of  Bnchu,   Tinctura   buchu 

—  t.  of  Camphor,  eomponnd,  Tinctura  eampborea 

Site  —  t  Of  Caotharidea,    Tinctura    cantha- 
ridis—  t.  of  Capsiearm,  Tinctura  eapsici  —  t  of 

Cardamoms,  Tinctura  cardaniomi  —  t.  of  Carda- 
moms, compound,  'Tinctura  cardamom  i  com  posit  a 

—  t.  Cardiac,  Rymer's,  Tinctura   rhei  et  aloe- — i. 

of  Casearilla,  Tinctura  cascarillse  —  t.  of  Caster, 

Tinctura  castorei — t.  of  Castor,  compound,  Tinc- 
tura castorei  composite  —  t.  of  Catechu,  Tinctura 
catechu  —  t.  of  Cayenne  pepper,  Tinctura  capsh  i 

—  t.  of  Cbiretta,  Tinctura  chirettsB  —  t.  i 
chona,  Tinctura  cinchona' — t.  of  Cinchona,  eom- 
ponnd, Tinctura  cinchona  composite  —  t.  of  Cin- 
namon, Tinctura  cinnamomi  —  t.  of  Cinnamon, 
compound,  Tinctura  cinnamomi  composite — t.  of 
Cochineal,  Tinctura  cocci  cacti — t.  of  Colchicum, 
compound,  Spiritue  colchici  ammoniatus  —  t.  of 
Colchicum  seeds,  Tinctura  colchici — t.  of  Colum- 
bo,  Tinctura  calumbsa  —  t.  of  Croton,  Tinctura 
crotonis — t.  of  Cubebs,  Tinctura  enbebsB  —  t.  of 
Digitalis,  Tinctura  digitalis  —  t.  of  Ergot,  Tinc- 
tura ergota?  —  t.  of  Ergot,  ethereal,  Tinctura  er- 
gotae  Betberea — t.  ofGalbannm,  Tinctura  galbani 

—  t.  of  Galls,  Tinctura  gallarum  —  t.  of  Gentian, 
compound,  Tinctura  gentianaj  composite  —  t.  of 
Ginger,  Tinctura  zingiberis — t.  for  the  Gout,  Dr. 
Wilson's,  see  Colchicum  autumnale — t.  of  Guaia- 
cuin,  Tinctura  guaiaci  —  t.  of  Guaiaemn,  ammo- 
niated, Tinctura  guaiaci  amnioniata — t.  of  Guaia- 
cum,  volatile,  Tinctura  guaiaci  amnioniata  —  t. 
Hatfield's,  see  Tinctura  guaiaci  amnioniata  —  t. 
of  Hellebore,  black,  Tinctura  hellebori  —  t.  of 
Hellebore,  white,  Tinctura  veratri  —  t.  of  Hem- 
lock, Tinctura  conii  —  t.  of  Henbane,  Tinctura 
hyoscyami  —  t.  of  Hops,  Tinctura  humuli — t.  of 
Indian  hemp,  Tinctura  cannabis  Indices  —  t.  of 
Iodine,  Tinctura  iodini — t.  of  Iodine,  compound, 
Tinctura  iodini  composite — t.  of  Iron,  acetate  of, 
Tinctura  ferri  acctatis  —  t.  of  Iron,  ammoniated, 
Tinctura  ferri  amnioniata — t.  of  Iron,  ammonio- 
chloride  of,  Tinctura  ferri  ammonio-chloridi  —  t. 
of  Iron,  muriated,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  of 
Jalap,  Tinctura  jalapii— t.  of  Kino,  Tinctura  kino 

—  t.  Klaproth's,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t. 
of  Laetucarium,  Tinctura  lactucarii — t.  of  Lemon 
peel,  Tinctura  limonis  —  t.  of  Lobelia,  Tinctura 
lobelia — t.  of  Lobelia,  ethereal,  Tinctura  lobelias 
aetherea — t.  of  Ludwig,  see  Ferrum  tart&rizatuin 
— t.  of  Lupuline,  Tinctura  lupulina; — t.  of  Matico, 
Tinctura  matico — t.  of  Musk,  Tinctura  moschi — 
t.  of  Myrrh,  Tinctura  myrrha — t.  Nervous,  Bee- 
tucheff's,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  Bulphurico-sethf- 
reus  ferri  —  t.  of  Nux  vomica,  Tinctura  nucis 
vomica — t.  of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Tinctura  obi 
menthsB  piperita;  —  t.  of  Oil  of  Spearmint.  Tinc- 
tura old  menthsB  viridis  —  t.  of  opium.  Tinctura 
opii — t.  of  Opium,  acetated,  Tinctura  opii 

— t.  of  Opium,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  opii  amnio- 
niata— t.  of  Opium,  camphorated,  Tinctura  oam- 
phoraB  eomposite  —  t.  of  Orange  peel,  Tinctura 
aurantii  —  t.  of  Quassia,  Tinctura  quassia — t.  of 
Quassia,  compound,  Tinctura  quassia  coo  i 

—  t.  of  Quinia,  sulphate  of,  Tinctura  ouinia  sul- 
phatis — t.  of  Quinia,  compound,  Tinctura  <|iiinia) 
composite — t.  of  Rhateny,  Tinctura  krameriae — 


TINDER 


920 


TISSUE 


t.  of  Rhubarb,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  of  Rhubarb  and  |] 
aloes,  Tinctura  rhei  et  aloes — t.  of  Rhubarb,  com- 
pound, Tinctura  rhei  composita  —  t.  of  Rhubarb  || 
and  gentian,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentianae  —  t.  of 
Rhubarb  and  senna,  Tinctura  rhei  et  sennae  — t. 
of  Saffron,  Tinctura  croci  sativi  —  t.  of  Saffron, 
compound,  Tinctura  de  croco  composita — t.  of 
Senna,  Tinctura  sennae  —  t.  of  Senna  and  jalap, 
Tinctura  sennae  et  jalapae — t.  of  Snake  root,  Tinc- 
tura serpentariae — t.  of  Soap,  camphorated,  Lin- 
imentum  saponis  —  t.  of  Spanish  fly,  Tinctura 
cantharidis — t.  of  Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  men- 
thae  viridia  —  t.  of  Squill,  Tinctura  scillae  —  t.  of 
Steel,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  Stomach,  Tinc- 
tura cardamomi  composita  —  t.  of  Stramonium, 
Tinctura  stramonii  —  t.  of  Strychnia,  Tinctura 
strychniae  —  t.  for  the  Teeth,  Greenough's,  see 
Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus  —  t.  Toothache, 
Tinctura  antiodontalgica — t.  of  Valerian,  Tinctura 
Valerianae — t.  of  Valerian,  ammoniated,  Tinctura 
Valerianae  ammoniata  —  t.  of  Valerian,  volatile, 
Tinctura  Valerianae  ammoniata — t.  of  Wormwood, 
compound,  Tinctura  absinthii  composita. 
TINDER,  Boletus  igniarius. 
TINEA,  Porrigo — t.  Faciei,  Porrigo  larvalis — 
t.  Favosa,  Porrigo  favosa — t.  Ficosa,  Porrigo 
scutulata  —  t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t. 
Granulata,  Porrigo  scutulata,  Porrigo  lupinosa — 
t.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Lupina,  Porrigo 
lupinosa — t.  Mucosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — t.  Porri- 
ginosa,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t.  Tarsi,  Ophthalmia 
tarsi  —  t.  Tondens,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TINGLING,  from  tinnire,  'to  jingle.'  (Sc.) 
Dirling.  A  sharp,  purring  or  thrilling  sensation, 
Dot  always  painful. 

TINKER'S  WEED,  Triosteum. 
TINKLING,    METALLIC,    Tintement   mital- 
lique. 

TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM,  Tintement 
rnetallique. 

TINNI'TUS  AU'RIUM,  {tinnio,  tinnitum,  'to 
tinkle/)  '  ringing  of  the  ears.'  Fluctua'tio  seu 
Son'itus  seu  Susur'rua  seu  Sib'ilus  seu  Strep'itus 
seu  Sibilismus  au'rium,  Paracu'sis  imagina'ria, 
Ote'chns,  Syrig'mus,  Syring'mos,  Sibilus  dart  go' - 
8iis,  Echo8,  Eneche'ma,  Bombus,  Bombitatio,  Mur- 
mur, (F.)  Tintement,  T.  d' Oreille,  Tintouin,  Bour- 
donnement,  Bruissement.  An  imaginary  sound, 
like  the  ringing  of  a  bell,  the  noise  of  wind,  the 
murmur  of  water,  &c,  heard  in  health  and  in  sick- 
ness. It  is,  often,  an  accompaniment  of  cerebral 
disorder. 

TINTEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium— t.  Bidlaire, 
T.  rnetallique. 

TINTEMENT  METALLIQ  UE  (F.),  Cliquetie 
rnetallique,  Tintement  bullaire,  Tiunimen'tum  me- 
tal'licnm,  Canor  stethoscop'icua,  3fetallic  Respira- 
tion, Metallic  Voice,  Metallic  Tinkling.  A  par- 
ticular noise,  heard  by  the  stethoscope  when  ap- 
plied to  the  chest,  and  which,  according  to  La- 
ennec,  resembles  that  caused  by  striking  glass, 
metal,  or  porcelain,  with  a  pin ;  but  is,  perhaps, 
more  like  the  sound  of  the  keys  of  a  musical 
snuff-box.  The  tintement  rnetallique  or  metallic 
tinkling  is  heard  on  causing  the  patient  to  speak 
or  breathe  ;  but  is  more  distinct  when  he  coughs. 
When  the  phenomenon  is  not  so  strongly  marked, 
it  produces  only  the  metallic  resonancj.  The 
•  metallic  tinkling'  is  a  pathognomonic  symptom 
of  a  communication  between  the  bronchia  and 
cavity  of  the  chest;  in  other  words,  of  Pneumo- 
thorax. 

TINTEMENT  D' OREILLE,  Tinnitus  au- 
rium. 

TINTINNABULUM,  Uvula. 
TINTOUIN,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
TIPFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 
TIPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordei. 
TIRE-BALLE,  Forceps  (bullet.) 


TIRE-FOND  (F.).  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  to  elevate  the  piece  of  bone  sawed 
off  by  the  trephine. 

TIRE-PUS,  Pyulcon. 

TIRE-T£TE  (F.).  A  name  given  to  different 
instruments  used  for  extracting  the  head  of  the 
child  when  left  in  the  uterus,  and  in  certain  cases 
of  difficult  labour.  The  crotchet  is  one  of  those, 
as  well  as  the  Tire-tete  d  bascide  of  Levret,  <fec. 

TIRES,  Milk  sickness. 

TISANE,  Pti'sana  or  Ptis'sana,  Ptisane,  from 
nnaavr],  'pearl  barley,'  itself  from  itnaou),  'I  de- 
corticate.' (F.)  Hydrole.  A  name  given  to 
aqueous  medicines,  containing  but  little,  if  any, 
medicinal  agent.  The  ancients  gave  the  name 
particularly  to  the  decoction  of  barley. 

TISANE  COMMUNE,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TISANE  DE  FELTZ.  A  celebrated  anti- 
syphilitic,  formed  of  sarsaparilla,  isinglass,  sul- 
phuret  of  antimony  and  water,  boiled  together. 
According  to  some,  bichloride  of  mercury  ;  and, 
to  others,  arsenic  enters  into  its  composition.  M. 
Rayer,  supposing  that  it  acts  by  the  arsenic  it  con- 
tains, proposes  to  replace  it  by  arseniate  of  potassa; 
and  Guibourt,  who  is  of  the  same  opinion,  by  ar- 
senious  acid,  in  order  to  ensure  certainty  of  action. 

TISIC,  Phthisis. 

TISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

TISSICK,  see  Phthisic. 

TISSU,  Tissue — t.  Accidental,  see  Accidental, 
and  Tissue,  accidental  —  t.  Caverneux,  Cavernous 
texture — t.  Celluleux  des  os,  Cancelli — t.  Conjonc- 
tif,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Inodulaire,  Tissue,  modu- 
lar— t.  Jaune,  see  Fibrous  —  t.  Larduce,  see  Lar- 
daceous — t.  Spongo'ide,  Spongoid  tissue. 

TISSUE,  Textus,  Tela,  (F.)  Tissu.  By  this 
term,  in  anatomy,  is  meant  the  various  parts, 
which,  by  their  union,  form  the  organs ;  and  are, 
as  it  were,  their  anatomical  elements.  Histological 
anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  which  are 
the  seat  of  the  investigations  of  the  pathological 
anatomist.  The  best  division,  indeed,  of  diseases 
would  be  according  to  the  tissues  mainly  impli- 
cated. For  the  elementary  tissues,  see  Fibre. 
The  compound  tissues,  which,  by  associating  or 
combining  variously,  form  every  organ  of  the 
body,  have  been  variously  classed :  but  every 
division  is  imperfect  and  liable  to  objection.  The 
following,  by  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman,  is  one 
of  the  most  recent. 

Tabular  View  of  the  Tissues  of  the  Human  Body. 

Examples, 

1.  Simple  membrane,  homogene- 

ous, or  nearly  so,  employed 
alone,  or  in  the  formation  of 
compound  membranes. 

2.  Filamentous    Tissues,   the  ele-]  "White  and  yellow 

ments  of  which   are  real  or  >  fibrous  tissues. — 
apparent  filaments.  J    Areolar  tissue. 

3.  Compound    membranes,    com-1  M  membrane 

posed    of    simple    membrane      —  -.    _ T  " 

and  a  layer  of  cells  of  various  I        'r™n      ^ue  °r 
forms,  (epithelium  or  epider-  f   se™ng    glands. 

■  ^     K   r  i       A-  j       — hero  us  and  syn- 
mis.)  or  of  areolar  tissue  and      ..„ ,  „  „  ,      J„„ 

■  tl  ,. OTial  membranes. 

epithelium.  J 

4.  Tissues  which  retain   the  pri-1  Adipose    tissue. — 

mitive   areolar    structure   as  >  Cartilage.  —  Gray 
their  permanent  character.     )    nervous  matter. 

5.  Sclerous  or  hard  tissue.  Boue. — Teeth. 

6.  Compound  tissues. 

a.  Composed  of  tubes  of  homoge-"| 

neous  membrane,  containing  vMuscle. — Xerve. 
a  peculiar  substance.  J 

b.  Composed  of  white  fibrous  tis- )  Fibnw5artilagei 

sues  and  cartilage.  J  ° 

Tissue,  Accidental  or  Adventitious,  consists 
of  every  substance  —  foreign  to  the  primitive  or- 
ganization of  the  economy,  but  yet  organized  and 
living  —  which  may  be  developed  in  the  anterior 
or  at  the  surface  of  organs.  Laennec  divides  the 
accidental   tissues   into   two  sections :    1.  Those 


Posterior  layer  of 
the  cornea. — Cap- 
sule of  the  lens. — 
Sarcolemma  of 
muscle.  &c. 


TIT 


921 


TONGUE 


that  resemble  others  in  the  animal  economy,  or 
nmrformm  mceidemtml  tissues ;  and,  2.  Those  that 
have  nothing  analogous  in  the  body,  and  which 
are  always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process  —  the 
heterologous  or  Iteteruclite  accidental  tissues.  To 
the  first  class  belong,  ossifications;  accidental 
fibrous,  tibro-cartilaginous,  cartilaginous,  areolar, 
and  corneous  tissues;  hairs;  the  serous  mem- 
branes of  certain  encysted  tumours;  the  mucous 
membranes  of  fistulous  canals,  and  accidental 
synovial  membranes.  To  the  second  belong  tu- 
bercles, scirrhi,  melanosis,  <fec. 

B,  Aueolar,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tissi  E,  C.\RTlLAG"lNOfs,  Hymcnochondro'des 
seu  Hymcnoehondroi'des  (Textura  seu   Tela.) 

TlSSUB,  Connective,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Crib- 
riform. Cellular  tissue — t.  Fibrous,  see  Fibrous — 
t.  Filamentous,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tisaoa  Formation,  Histogeny. 

TlSM  B,  InoD'i  I.AK,  Tela  inodula'ris,  (F.)  Tnn- 
dule,  Tieeu  inodmlair*.  A  name  given  by  Del- 
pech  to  an  accidental  fibrous  tissue  developed  in 
suppurating  wounds,  which  is  the  principal  agent 
in  cicatrization.  It  has,  at  first,  the  appearance 
of  a  reddish  cellulo-fibrous  layer;  but  soon  loses 
its  vascularity;  and  its  fibres,  which  pass  in  all 
directions,  become  of  a  dull  white  colour,  and  of 
n  consistence  and  hardness,  that  may  be  com- 
pared to  those  of  the  strongest  articular  liga- 
ments. It  is  well  seen  in  the  cicatrix  left  after 
burns. 

TisstE,  Laminated,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Liga- 
mentous, Desmoid  tissue  —  t.  Mucous,  Cellular 
tissue — t  Porous,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Reticulated, 
Cellular  tissue. 

TIT,  Nipple. 

TITHKNE.  Nurse. 

TITHYMALUS  CYPARISSIAS,  Euphorbia 
cyparissias  —  t.  Lathyris,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t. 
Latifolius,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t.  Palustris,  Eu- 
phorbia palustris  —  t.  Paralias,  Euphorbia  para- 
lias. 

TITILLAMENTUM,  Gargarism. 

TITILLATION,  Tickling. 

TITTHB,  Nipple. 

TITTHTON,  Nipple. 

TITTHIS,  Nipple. 

TITT1I0S,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITTY,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITUBANTIA,  Bredouillement. 

TITUBATIO,  Fidgets,  Vacillatio— t.  Linguae, 
Balbuties. 

TJETTEK,  Upas  tieute. 

TO-AND-FRO-SOUND,  Bruit  de  frottement. 

TOAD-FLAX,  Antirhinum  linaria  — t.  f.  Bas- 
tard, Comandra  umbcllata. 

TOAST-WATER,  Aqua  tostce  pant:  Toast 
well  half  a  slice  of  a  stale  quartern  loaf;  put  it 
into  a  pitcher,  and  pour  over  it  si  quart  of  water. 
After  two  hours,  decant  the  water  from  the  bread. 
It  is  a  common  drink  in  febrile  affections. 

TOBACCO,    Nicotiana   tahacum  —  t.    English, 
Nicotiana  rustica  —  t.  Indian,   Lobelia  inflata  — 
in,   Hyoscyamus  niger  —  t.  Wild,  Lobelia 
inflata,  Nicotiana  rustica. 

TOCETOS,  Parturition. 

Tnt'ODOMYCODORITIS  MALIGNA  VAGI- 
NALIS, Colpoeace  puerperarum. 

TOCOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOCOS,  Parturition. 

TODDY.  A  name  given,  by  the  English,  to 
sweet,  delicious  and  refreshing  liquors  procured 
in  India  by  wounding  the  spnthep,  of  certain 
palms.  The  best  is  obtained  from  the  Cocos  nu- 
cifera. — Ainslie. 

It  is  obtained  in  large  quantities  from  Sagui'- 
mt  sdc'charifer  seu  Rumphii,  Palma  In'dica  vi- 
na'ria  secun'da,  Hague' rus  seu  Gomu'tus  Gumu'to, 


Aren'r/n  saccharif'era,  Gomuto  palm.  It  is  called, 
also,  Xeva,  and.  by  boiling,  yields  a  coarse  kind 
of  sugar,  called  Jaggery.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
Moluccas  used,  in  their  wars,  a  liquor  obtained 
by  macerating  the  fruit,  which  the  Dutch  called 
Hell  water,  Aqua  infertia'lis. 

Toddy  is  also  the  common  name  for  a  mixture 
of  spirit  and  water  sweetened. 

TonnY  Thee,  Mamei. 

TOE,  Digitus  pedis. 

TOEPLITZ,  see  Tbplitz. 

TOFUS,  Tophus. 

TOILS  VARAIQN&E,  Arnneae  tela— t.  Cho- 
ro\dietme\  see  Choroid — t.  de  Oautier,  Sparadra- 
pum  Galteri. 

TOKAS,  Puerpera. 

TOKEN,  PLAGUE,  Plague  token. 

TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOLA,  Tonsil. 

TOL'ERANCE.  Tolemn'tia;  from  tolerare,  'to 
,  bear.'  The  power  of  bearing.  A  word  used  by 
the  Italian  school  of  Rasori,  to  signify  the  power 
of  bearing  large  doses  of  certain  potent  remedies, 
as  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa.  See  Con- 
tro-stimulus. 

TOLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLIUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLLUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM.  Mgrox'ylon  sea 
Jlfyrospcrmum  ToluiferuM.  Ord.  Leguminosae. 
Sex.  >s'yst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The  name  of 
the  tree  which  affords  the  Balaam  of  Tolu,  Bam* 
samum  Toluta'num  (Ph.  U.  S.),  To/uta' until,  To- 
lui/'ercE  Balsami  Balsamum,  Goae'ouaz,  Rid  Bal- 
aam of  Peru,  (F.)  Baume  de  Tolu,  B.  de  Cartha- 
gtue  ou  d'Atuerique  ou  de  S(tiut  Thomae.  It  has 
a  very  fragrant  odour,  and  warm,  sweetish  taste; 
is  thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour.  It  is 
stimulant  and  expectorant  [?],  and  is  used  in 
coughs.  It  is  chiefly,  however,  employed  on  ac- 
count of  its  flavour. 

TOLUTANUMj  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 

TOMACINUM,  Isieium. 

TOMACULUM,  Isieium. 

TOM  ATA,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 

TOMATO,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 

TOME,  Tom'ua,  to\iti,  rotioi,  'incision.'  A  com- 
mon suffix,  as  in  Lithotomy,  Bronchoto/wy,  <tc. 

Tome.  Cut,  Incision. 

TO. ME  ION,  Knife. 

TOMEN'TUM  CER'EBRI,  from  tomentum,  'a 
flock  of  wool.'  The  infinite  number  of  small  ves- 
sels which  pass  between  the  pia  mater  and  con- 
volutions of  the  brain.  They  enter  the  substance 
of  the  brain  at  right  angles. 

TOME  US,  Knife. 

TOM  IS.  Scissors. 

TOMOTOCIA.  Caesarean  section. 

TOM-TOE,  Pollex,  see  Digitus  pedis. 

TONE,  Tonus,  tows,  from  rovou,  'I  brace  or 
give  vigour.'  The  state  of  tension  or  firmness 
proper  to  each  organic  tissue.  It  is  the  effect  of 
tonicity. 

Tone,  see  Elasticity. 

TONGA,  see  Datura  sanguinea. 

TONGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
town  of  Tongres  is  about  a  league  from  Maas- 
tricht in  the  Low  Countries.  The  springs,  of 
which  there  are  several,  are  chalybeate,  contain- 
ing carbonates  of  iron  and  magnesia. 

TONGUE,  Sax.  runs.  (D.)  Tong,  Lingua, 
Otoeea,  QUdta,  (F. )  Langue,  The  tongas  is  a 
muscular,  symmetrical,  and  very  mobile  organ  ; 
situate  in  the  mouth,  from  the  os  byoidea  and 
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.  Its  particular  uso 
is,  to  procure  the  sensation  of  savours  ;  and  it 
aids  in  the  acts  of  sucking,  mastication,  degluti- 
tion, pronunciation,  and  expuilion.     It  has   the 


TOXIC 


922 


TOOTH 


shape  of  a  pyramid,  flattened  above  and  below ; 
rounded  at  its  angle?,  and  terminated,  anteriorly, 
by  a  blunt  point.  Its  upper  surface,  called  the 
dorsum,  is  free,  flat,  and  divided  into  two  portions 
by  a  median  furrow,  lin'ea  media' na ;  at  the  pos- 
terior extremity  of  which  is  the  foramen  ccecian 
or  Foramen  of  Morgagni.  The  inferior  surface 
is  free,  and  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane  on 
its  anterior  third  and  sides:  but  behind  and  in 
the  middle  it  is  attached  to  the  lower  jaw  by 
means  of  the  genio-glossus ;  and  to  the  hyoides 
by  the  hyoglossus.  Its  margins  are  rounded ; 
thick  behind,  thinner  anteriorly.  Its  tip,  or  point, 
or  dental  extremity  is  rounded  and  free:  —  the 
root,  base,  or  hyoid  extremity,  Radix  lingua,  is 
continuous  with  the  epiglottis  and  velum  palati. 
It  is  very  thick  at  the  foramen  caecuin  ;  but  thin- 
ner as  it  approaches  the  hyoid  bone.  The  tongue 
is  composed  of  muscles,  and  covered  by  a  mucous 
membrane  —  Periglot'tis,  Involu'crnm  Ungues, 
Membra' na  seu  Tu'nica  vagina'lis  seu  Cutis  seu 
Epider'mis  seu  Tu'nica  seu  Involu'crnm  muco' sum 
seu  Crusta  villo'sa  linguae — which  forms  also  the 
fraenum  beneath  the  tongue.  On  this  membrane 
are  seen  the  different  papilla.  The  nerves  of  the 
organ  proceed  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  glosso- 
pharyngeal and  hypoglossal.  The  first  and  second 
are  connected  with  taste ;  the  last  with  the  mo- 
tions of  the  organ.  Some  recent  observers,  how- 
ever, consider  the  glosso-pharyngeal  to  be  the 
special  nerve  of  gustation.  The  arteries  are  the 
lingual,  from  the  external  carotid  ;  and  the  pala- 
tine and  tonsillar,  from  the  labial.  The  veins 
are  the  superfcialis  lingua;,  ranitia,  lingualis,  and 
eubmentalis.  They  open  into  those  of  the  pharynx 
and  larynx.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  gang- 
lia, situate  at  the  edge  of  the  hyoglossi  muscles. 

Tongue,  Black.  A  fever  which  prevailed  in 
the  Western  States  in  the  winter  of  1842-3;  pro- 
bably typhoid  fever.  According  to  some,  an  epi- 
demic erysipelas. 

Tongue,  Hernia  of  the,  Glossocele — t.  In- 
flammation of  the,  Glossitis  —  t.  Red,  fever,  see 
Typhus. 

Tongue  Scraper,  Cure-langue  —  t.  Tie,  see 
Ankyloglossum. 

TOX'IC,  Ton'icus,  (P.)  Tonique.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Tone.     Relating  to  tone. 

Tonic,  Ton'icus,  Tono'ticus,  Antasthen'icus,  (F.) 
Tonique,  Fortifiant,  in  Therapeutics,  means  a 
medicine,  which  has  the  power  of  exciting  slowly, 
and  by  insensible  degrees,  the  organic  actions  of 
the  different  systems  of  the  animal  economy,  and 
of  augmenting  their  strength  in  a  durable  man- 
ner. Bitter,  vegetable  substances  which  are  not 
associated  with  an  acrid  or  narcotic  principle ; 
preparations  of  iron ;  cold  water,  &c,  act  as 
touics.  They  are  also  called  Comfortan' tia,  Con- 
fortati'va,  Corroboran'tia,  Confrman'tia,  liobo- 
r an' tia,  <fec. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Tonics: — Acidum 
Arseniosum,  Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphu- 
ricum,  Argenti  Nitras,  Bismuthi  Subnitras,  Carbo 
Ligni,  Cascarilla,  Cinchona,  Cinchonia,  Colouiba, 
Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum,  Cusparia,  Eupatorium  per- 
foliatum,  Ferri  Praeparata,  Gentiana,  Lirioden- 
dron,  Lupulina,  Piperina,  Prunus  Virginiana, 
Quassia,  Quinia,  Salix,  Salicina,  Serpentaria,  Zinci 
praeparata;  Aquae  minerales  acidulse  et  ferrugi- 
niaa,  Mental  Tonics,  (Confidence,  Hope,  Amuse- 
ment.) 

Tonic  Power,  Irritability. 

Tonic  Spasm,  Spasmus  ton'icus,  Oonvul'sio  to- 
nica,  Conductio,  Spas'ticus,  Tonos,  Ento'nia,  En'- 
tasis,  Enta'sia.  A  rigid  contraction  of  muscles 
without  relaxation,  as  in  trismus,  tetanus,  &c. 
See  Tetanus  and  Spasm. 

TONICITY,    Tonic"  itas.     Same   etymon   as 


Tone.  The  faculty  that  determines  the  general 
tone  of  the  solids.  Excessive  tonicity  causes 
er'ethism  or  crisjmess ;  deficient  tonicity,  atony 
or  weakness.  Tonicity  has  been  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  irritability. 

TON  [QUE,  Tonic. 

TONKA  BEAN,  Dipterix  odorata. 

TON  ODES,  Tensive. 

TONOS,  Tonic  spasm  — t.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

TONOTICUS,  Tonic. 

TONSIL,  Tonsil' la,  Amyg'dala,  Paristh'mia, 
Paristh'mium,  Amphibran'  chium,  Glan'dula  colli, 
Tola,  Tolles,  Toles,  To'lium,  Tollum,  Sporigos, 
An'tias,  PI.  Anti'ades,  Almond  of  the  ear,  Almond 
of  the  throat,  (F.)  Amygdale,  Tonsille,  (Prov.) 
Ear-kecker.  An  ovoid  collection  of  follicles, 
about  half  an  inch  in  length,  similar  in  shape  to 
an  almond,  and  situate,  on  each  side,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati.  The  inner  sur- 
face, projecting  into  the  isthmus  of  the  throat,  is 
covered  by  the  mucous  membrane,  in  which  are 
the  orifices  of  a  dozen  cells,  whence  a  transparent, 
viscid  mucus  oozes  on  pressure.  This  mucus  is 
destined  to  facilitate  deglutition,  by  lubricating 
the  isthmus  faucium  ;  and  is  forced  out  during 
the  passage  of  the  alimentary  bolus. 

TONSIL- 0  LULL  0 TINE,  Amvgdalatome. 

TONSILLE  PESTILENTES,"  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

TONSILLARUM  GANGR^NA,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

TONSILLE,  Tonsil. 

TONSILLIT'IC,  Tonsillit'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  tonsils  ;  as  the  'tonsillitic  branches 
of  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.' 

TONSILLITIS,  Cvnanche  tonsillaris. 

TONSIL LO TOME,  Amygdalatome. 

TONSORIUS  CULTER,  Razor. 

TOODLE,  Tooth. 

TOOTH.  Sax.  rott,  Dens,  Odous,  (Prnr.)  Too- 
die,  (F.)  Dent.  The  teeth,  Dentes,  Mord' ices,  are 
small,  hard  bones,  fixed  in  the  alveoli  of  each 
jaw,  and  serving  to  lay  hold  of,  and  to  cut,  tear, 
and  triturate  alimentary  substances.  True  teeth 
are  found  only  in  man,  the  mammalia,  reptiles, 
and  fish.  The  teeth  have,  in  general,  the  shape 
of  an  irregular  cone,  the  base  of  which  is  towards 
the  interior  of  the  mouth;  and  the  apex,  single 
or  divided,  towards  the  bottom  of  the  alveoli. 
Each  tooth  has  a  part  situate  out  of  the  alveolus, 
and  covered  by  a  vitriforra  substance.  This  part 
is  called  the  croicn  or  coro'na.  It  is  bounded  by 
a  narrower  portion,  called  the  cervix,  (F.)  collet, 
which  separates  it  from  the  portion  in  the  alveo- 
lus— the  fang  or  root,  (F.)  racine.  In  the  adult, 
the  teeth  are  32  in  number;  16  to  each  jaw: 
these  consist  of  4  incisors,  2  canine,  4  bicuspidafi, 
and  6  molares.  (See  these  various  terms.)  The 
teeth  enclose  a  vascular  and  nervous  pulp,  in  a 
central  cavity,  Cav'itas  Pulpa?,  Cavum  Dentin, 
Antrum  denta'le.  They  are  formed  of  a  very 
hard,  compact  tissue;  and  the  corona  is  covered 
by  a  vitreous  substance  called  Enam'el.  The 
incisor  and  canine  teeth  are  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle point  of  ossification ;  the  lesser  molares,  by 
two;  and  the  larger,  by  four  or  five.  See  Denti- 
tion. Researches  by  Retzius,  Miiller  and  others, 
have  led  them  to  believe  that  the  ivory  of  the 
tooth  or  Dentine,  Ebur,  Substantia  os'sea  of  Mal- 
pighi,  propter  tooth  substance,  bone  of  the  tooth, 
osseous  substance  of  tooth,  tooth  bone,  consists  of 
tubular  fibres,  which  contain  organic  deposits  of 
calcareous  salts;  and  of  intertubular  substance, 
in  which  are  observed  corpuscles  or  osseous  cells 
of  the  tooth,  called,  by  Professor  Owen,  cahig"- 
erous  cells,  which  also  contain  earthy  salts.  At 
the  part  where  the  enamel  terminates  at  the  cer- 
vix of  the  tooth,  the  crusta  petro' sa,  cemen'tum  or 
cortical   substance,  commences  in  an   extremely 


TOOTII-ACH 


023 


TORULA  CEREVISI.E 


thin  stratum,  passes  down  ami  gradually  in- 
creases in  thickness  towards  the  extremity  of  the 
root,  where  it  is  generally  the  thickest  It  is 
said  by  Nasmytb  to  have  been  traced  on  the  ena- 
mel, and  Purkinje  and  Prankel  thought  that  it 
lined  the  e&vitas  pulpse.  They  gave  it  the  name 
Subetantia  oetdidea.  It  is  the  mate'ria  tarta'rea 
of  Malpighi.  It  has  been  found,  however,  that 
the  hard  rabstanoe  deposited  on  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  dentine,  :it  the  age  of  twenty  years  or 
later,  and  which  encroaches  on  the  cavity,  has  a 
distinct  structure  from  the  cement,  and  resembles 
in  part  dentine,  and  in  part  bone.  It  is  the  horny 
wnbetance  of  Blumenbach,  the  oeteodentine  of 
Owen,  and  the  tecondary  dentine  of  Tomes.  In 
the  compound  teeth  of  the  herbivorous  animal,  a 
deposition  is  found  on  the  surface  of  the  enamel, 
which  has  been  called  eententum.  Miiller,  how- 
ever, regards  it  to  be  a  deposit  from  the  salts  and 
the  saliva,  and  to  be  essentially  the  same  as  what 
is  called  tartar  in  the  human  sulject. 
TOOTH-ACH,  Odontalgia— t  Bone, see  Tooth 

—  t.  Bush,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  t.  Tree, 
Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava  llerculis. 

TOOTH  EDGE,  Agaeement  dee  dente,  Haemo- 
dia  —  t.  Paste,  Dentifricium  —  t.  Powder.  Denti- 
frice —  t.  Rash,  Strophulus  —  t.  Shell,  dog-like, 
Dentalium. 

TOPHACEOUS,  Topht'eeue,  (F.)  Tophaci; 
from  topkue.  Relating  or  belonging  to  tophus, — 
as  '  a  tophaceous  concretion.' 

TOPHACEOUS  CONCRETION,  Tophus. 

TOPHUS,  to^os,  Tofue,  'a  porous  or  friable 
stone.'  Oeteot'ophue,  Topka'ceoue  Concretion.  A 
collection  of  hard,  calcareous  matter,  which  forms, 
particularly,  at  the  surface  of  joints  affected  with 
pout  :  (see  Calculi,  arthritic,)  and  occasionally, 
in  the  interior  of  organs,  around  the  teeth,  Ac. 
It  likewise  meant  gravel,  and  chalaza. 

TOP'IC,  Top'ical,  Top' i cue.  From  rorro?,  locne, 
'a  place.'  A  local  application;  (F.)  Topique. 
See  Local. 

TOPICUS,  Local. 

TOPIXARIA,  Talpa. 

TO  PIQUE,  Topic. 

TOPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS  OF.  Tbplitz  is  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cele- 
brated for  its  numerous  thermal  springs.  The 
water  contains  chloride  of  sodium  ;  carbonate, 
and  sulphate  of  soda;  and  carbonates  of  lime  and 
iron.  A-c.     Temp.  114°  to  122°  Fahr. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomv. 

TOQUE,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TOR'CULAR,  Tourniquet.  A  press  for  wine, 
oil,  or  cider.     From  torqneo,  '  I  twist.' 

Tor'cilar  IIkhoi'h'ii.i,  Prfixi  of  fferoph'ilue, 
Lecheiu i'mt,  Linux,  Leuum,  Fourth  Sinus,  (F.) 
Confluent  des  Sinn*,  Preeeoir  d* Hirophile.  A 
smooth  and  polished  cavity,  of  irregular  shape, 
in  which  several  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  meet. 
It  is  situate  before  the  internal  occipital  protube- 
rance, at  the  union  of  the  three  great  duplicatures 
of  the  dura  mater.     It  has  six  openings  into  it ; 

—  one  above,  that  of  the  superior  longitudinal 
sinus;  two  below,  answering  to  the  occipital  si- 
nuses; one  anterior,  belonging  to  the  straight 
sinus;  and  two  lateral,  and  very  broad,  which 
bad  into  the  lateral  sinuses:  and  convey  from 
the  cavity  the  blood  that  has  been  poured  into  it 
by  the  others. 

TORCULUM,  Tourniquet 

TORDYL'IUM,  T.  OJicinn'li,  See'eli  Cret'i- 
cinii  sen  Mnnttt' num.  (P.J  Steeli  de  ('rite.  Family, 
UmbelUferse.  Sex.  Sytt.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds  and  roots  of  this  Southern  European 
plant  are  considered  carminative,  and  diuretic. 
They  enter  into  the  theriaca. 


TORE'NIA  ASIAT'ICA,  Cala-dolo.     A  small 
Malabar  plant,  the  juice  of  whose   leaves,  - 
ened  with  sugar,  is  said  to  cure  gonorrhoea. 

TORMENTIL,  Geranium  maculatum,  Tor- 
mentilla. 

TORMENTIL'LA,  T.  eree'ta  sen  eylvee'i 
offieina'lit    seu   tuber o'ea,   Fraga'ria   tormentil'la 
officina'lie,  Potentilia  tormentilfa,  ffeptaphyl'lum, 
Coneol'ida   rubra,    Common    Tor' men  til,    I  j 
Septfoilf  (P.)  TormentiUe.    Ord.  RosacesB. 
Syet,  Icosandria  Polygynia.     The  root  Torm*u- 
tilla  (Ph.  U.S.)  has   a   slightly   aromatic   odour; 
and  austere,  Styptic  taste.  It  is  astringent.    D<  •  . 
of  the  powder,  irr.  x  to  3J- 

TORMENTUM,  Dens,  Intussuseeptio. 

TOR'MINA,  Strophoe,  Ccelial'gia,  EucvlinV- 
ijin,  Anile' ma,  Anile' tie,  Oripee,  Sfulligrube,  Fret- 
ting, (F.)  Tranehf.ee.  From  t'orqueo,  "I  twist.' 
Acute  colicky  pains.     Dysentery. 

Tormina  Cki.si,  Dysentery —  t.  Partnrientiutn, 
Pains,  labour — t.  Po8t  paitum,  see  Pains,  labour. 

TORNACULUM,  Tourniquet 

TOROS'ITAS,  CorpulenUia  eamo'ea,  Eab'itue 
athUt'icue.  Muscular  strength;  from  toroeue, 
•  brawny,' — tome,  '  brawn.' 

TOROSUS,  Muscular. 

TORPEDO,  Narcosis. 

TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS,  Holonar- 
cosis. 

TORPID,  Tor'pidue,  (P.)  Engourdi;  from  tor- 
pro,  '  I  am  benumbed.'  Numb.  Incapable  of 
exertion  and  of  feeling.      Dull,  stupid,  inactive. 

TORPIDITAS,  Torpor. 

TORPIDUS.  Narcotized,  Torpid. 

TORPOR,  Torpid'itae,  No lh' rotes,  Parap'eie 
expera,  (F.)  Bngourdieeement,  from  torpeo,  '  I  Bin 
benumbed.'  State  of  a  part  which  becomes  numb, 
and  almost  incapable  of  motion.  Torpor,  Tor- 
pid'ity.  Torpid' ness,  Tor'pitude  are  also  applied 
to  a  debilitated,  sluggish  condition  of  a  part, 
or  of  the  whole  of  the  body  ;  Aer'gia,  (F.)  Act  a- 
blement. 

Torpor,  Narcosis  —  t.  of  the  Colon,  see  Colon, 
torpor  of  the — t.  Intestinorum,  Constipation  —  t. 
Soporificus,  Nocar. 

TORQUAY.  A  town  in  Devonshire.  England, 
which,  on  account  of  the  mildness  of  its  climate, 
and  its  sheltered  situation  from  the  bleaker  n  indg, 
is  a  frequent  retreat  for  the  phthisical  invalid. 

TOR'SION,  Tor'xio.  From  torquere,  tortum,  '  to 
twist.'  The  act  of  twisting.  Torsion  of  the  ex- 
tremities of  bleeding  vessels  —  Angioe'trophe  — 
until  the  blood  ceases  to  flow,  is  sometimes  used 
to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

TORSK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

TOR  TELLE,  Erysimum. 

TORTICOL'LIS.  Caput  seu  Collum  obeti'pnni, 
Obeti'pa  cervix,  Obxtip'itos  cap'itia  seu  Colli, 
Trachefagra,  Enta'eia  Lcrio,  Lox'iae,  Cepha- 
lox'ia,  Aucylode're,  Ancylode'rin,  Rkttboera'~ 
nin,  Auchenorrheu'ma,  Rheumatie'mua  colli  sen 
eervi'eie,  Stiffneck,  Wryneck,  (Prov.)  Slab}  from 
.  torquere, tortum,  'to  twist.'  and  coif  urn,  'the  neck.' 
A  variety  of  rheumatism,  seated  in  the  musch  S 
I  of  the  neck,  which  prevents  the  motion  of  the 
head,  and  causes  the  patient  to  hold  it  inclined  '<> 
the  side  affected.  It  is.  commonly,  of  shorl  du- 
ration ;  usually  disappearing  in  s  few  days.  Ru- 
befacients are  the  best  topical  applications.  The 
term  is  also  applied  to  permanent  contraction  i  r 
the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which  causes  the  head 
to  be  held  to  one  side.  The  remedy  is  the  divi- 
sion of  the  contracted  muscles, 

TORTOISE,  FRESHWATER,  GREAT,  Ily- 
draspis  expansa. 
TORTUS,  Testudo. 

TORTURA  0RI8,  Canine   Faugh,   Neuralgia 
I  faciei — t.  Oris  paralytica  Linnsei,  Paralysis, 
1      TORTLA  CKRF.YIS'I.E,  Saeokarom't 


TORULUS  GLANDIS 


924 


TRACHELISMUS 


Mycoder'  ma  cerevisia,  Cryptococ'cus  ferment' um 
seu  eerevisice,  (F.)  Champignon  du  ferment,  Yeast 
jjlant.  One  of  the  simplest  forms  of  vegetation, 
capable,  under  favourable  circumstances,  of  vege- 
tating rapidly,  and  assisting  in  producing  the 
fermentation  of  saccharine  substances.  The 
plant  has  been  found  in  vomited  fluids,  and  in 
faeces. 

TORULUS  GLANDIS,  Crown  of  the  glans. 
TORUS.  Muscle  — t.  Manus,  Metacarpus. 
TOTA  BONA,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 
TOTSU  KASO,  Sphaaria  Sinensis. 
TOTTY,  Vertiginous. 
TOTUM  CARXOSUM,  Pancreas. 
TOUCH.  Tactus,  Tac'tio,  Haphe,  Hapsis,  Tac'- 
t>'<>n,  Palpu'tiun,   (F.)  Toucher.      One  of  the  five 
senses,  and  that  which  makes  known  to  us  the 
palpable  qualities  of  bodies,  such  as  their  con- 
sistence, quality,  &c.     It  is  seated,  particularly, 
in    the  hands;  and    differs   from    tact   in   being 
active.     See  Esaphe,  and  Palpation. 

4  To  touch  the  mouth  with  mercury'  is  to  pro- 
duce the  constitutional  effects  of  that  agent,  as 
evinced  by  the  falling  away  of  the  gums,  &c. 

Touch-me-not,  Impatiens  fulva. 

Touch,  Royal.  It  was  atone  time  almost  uni- 
versally believed,  in  England,  that  the  royal  touch 
would  remove  Scrofula  or  King's  Evil  (as  it  was 
thence  called).  This  superstition  is  now  entirely 
exploded.  Edward,  the  Confessor,  was  the  first 
English  king  who  touched  for  the  Evil. 

TOUCHER,  Esaphe,  Touch  —  r.  Vaginal, 
Esaphe. 

TOUCHWOOD,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TO  US  BE  JIA1TRE,  Coup  de  Maltrc 

TOURBILLON  VASCULAIRE,  Vasa  vaso- 
rum. 

TOURXESOL,  Heliotropium  Europaeum. 

TOURXIOLE,  Paronychia. 

TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cular,  Tor'culum,  Tor- 
vac'ulum,  Proe'lium,  Prce'lium,  Prce'lium  seu  Pre- 
lum arteria'le,  Verticil' lum,  Fas'cia  tor'tilis,  from 
(F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical  instrument 
for  stopping  the  course  of  blood  in  the  limbs,  by 
exerting  a  strong  compression  upon  the  principal 
artery.  It  was  invented  by  a  French  surgeon, 
Morel,  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century;  and 
was  modified  subsequently,  by  Nuck,  Verduc, 
Monro,  Petit,  and  Louis.  It  is  used  to  suspend, 
for  a  time,  the  circulation  in  a  limb,  during  great 
operations  ;  to  arrest  arterial  hemorrhage  in  cases 
of  wounds ;  to  compress  certain  aneurismal  and 
other  tumours.  Ac. 

T 0  U S- L  E S- M 0 1 S,  Am'ylum  canna'ceum, 
Cnnna  Starch.  A  fecula  obtained  from  the  root 
of  Canna  edu'lis.  It  resembles  potato  starch, 
and  may  be  substituted  for  arrow-root.  It  is  ob- 
tained from  St.  Kitts. 

TOUT,  Nates. 

TOUTE  BOXXE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

TOUTE  EPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta  —  t. 
Saine,  Sanicula. 

TOUX,  Tussis— t.  Bleue,  Pertussis  —t.  Bron- 
chique,  Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal — t.  Caver- 
veuse,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  t.  Convulsive, 
Pertussis  —  t.  Quinteuse,  Pertussis  —  t.  Tubaire, 
Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal. 

TOXICEMIA,  Toxicohaeinia. 

TOXICAL,  Poisonous. 

TOXICATIO,  Poisoning. 

TOXICODEXDRON.  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

TOXICOH^l'MIA,  Toxicce'mia,  from  toxicnm, 
'a  poison,'  and  'ai/ia,  'blood.'  Poisoning  of  the 
blood. — Piorry. 

TOXICOL'OGY,  Toxicolog"ia,  from  toxicum, 
(itself  from  rot-ov,  'a  bow,')  'a  poison,'  and  Aoyoj, 
'a  description.'     A  treatise  on  poisons. 

TOXICO'SES,  (G.)  Toxikosen,  from  toxi- 


cum, 'a  poison.'     A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  caused  by  the  re- 
ception of  poisons  into  the  system. 
TOXICUM,  Poison,  Venom. 
TOXIQUE,  Poisonous. 

TRABECULA  CEREBRI,  Corpus  callosum— 
t.  Cordis,  Columnae  carneae. 

TRABECULE  CORPORUM  CAYERXOSO- 
RUM,  see  Cavernous  bodies. 

TRABECULE  SPLENIS,  see  Spleen— t.Wil- 
lisii,  Chordae  Willisii. 

TRABES  CORDIS,  Columnae  carneae. 
TRABS,  Penis — t.  Cerebri,  Corpus  callosum — 
t.  Medullaris,  Corpus  callosum. 

TRACE,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 
TRACHE'A,    (generally,    however,    accented 
Tra'chea,)  Trache'a  seu  Trachei'a  arte'rin.  Bron- 
chus,   As'pera   arteria,    Eis'tula    sp>iritua'lis  seu 
pulmona'lis,  Canna,  Syriu'ga,  Syrinx  ;  the  Wind- 
pipe,   Wosen,    Weasand,    Weesel,    Throttle,    (Sc.) 
Thropill,  (Prov.)  Keckcorn,  Keeker, Thropple,(Y.) 
Trochee  artere ;  from  Tpa%vs,  'rough,' and  aprrjpia, 
'artery,'  composed   of  ar/p,  'air,'  and   rnptiv,  'to 
keep.'     The  trachea  is  a  cylindrical,  fibro-cartila- 
ginous  and  membranous  tube,  flattened  behind, 
and  situate  on  the  median  line,  before  the  verte- 
bral column,  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  larynx, 
as  far    as  the    third    dorsal  vertebra.     There   it 
divides  into  two  branches,  the   bronchia,  which 
j  separate  to  go  to  each  lung.     The  trachea,  the 
l  function  of  which  is  to   convey  air  to  the  lungs 
j  during    respiration,    is    composed,    1.    Of  carti- 
I  laginous    rings,  An'nuli  cartilagin'ei,  Segmen'ta 
cartilagin'ea,  Orbes  cartilagino'si,  incomplete  be- 
I  hind;  situate  one  above  the  other,  and  kept  tn 
situ  by   a  fibrous   membrane.     2.  Of  a  mucous 
|  membrane,  which  lines  it  internally,  and  contains 
;  numerous    mucous    follicles.     3.    Of   transverse 
|  muscular  fibres,  not  well-marked,  which  occupy 
!  its  posterior  surface.     4.  Of  vessels,  which  pro- 
|  ceed  from  the  superior  and  inferior  thyroideal; 
|  and,  5.  Of  nerves,  that  are  given  off  by  the  pneu- 
|  mogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglia. 

The    breathing   tubes   of  insects   are   termed 
U  Tracheae. 

Trachea  Arteria,  Trachea. 

TRACHEA,  see  Trachea. 

TRA'CHEAL,   Trachea'lis.     Appertaining    to 

I  the  trachea.  An  epithet  applied  to  respiration 
|!  as  heard  through  the  stethoscope  opposite  the 
|j  trachea,  larynx,  and  root  of  the  bronchia;  the 
j  air  appearing  as  if  sucked  in  from  the  cylinder 
j;  during  inspiration,  and  expelled  during  expira- 
j  tion. 

Tracheal    Glaxds.     Mucous  follicles  on  the 
'  posterior  surface  of  the  trachea.    They  are  small, 

II  flattened  ovoid  bodies. 

TRACHEA'LIS.  The  fibres  of  unstriped  mus- 
cle, which  pass  from  one  portion  of  each  of  the 
tracheal  cartilages  to  the  other,  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  trachea,  have  been  so  called  by  some 
anatomists.  When  they  contract,  they  approxi- 
mate the  extremities  of  the  cartilage;  diminish 
the  calibre  of  the  trachea;  a-nd  thus  increase  the 
velocity  of  the  air  forced  through  it,  as  in  cough- 
ing, and  facilitate  the  removal  of  any  irritating 
substance  in  contact  with  the  lining  membrane. 

TRACHEE  ARTERE.  Trachea. 

TRACHEITIS.  Cynanche  trachealis. 

TRACHELAGRA,  Torticollis.  Also,  gout  in 
the  neck. 

TRACHELIAN,  Cervical. 

TRACHELISM'US.  from  rpaXn\ov,  '  the  neck.' 
I  A  term  proposed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  for  a  fan- 
s' cied  spasmodic  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
|  which  he  esteems  to  be  the  cause  of  many  morbid 
phenomena,  by  inducing  compression  of  the  veins 
of  the  neck  and  an  impeded  return  of  blood  from 
the  head. 


TRACHELITIS 


925 


TRANSFUSION 


TRACHELITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
TRACHBUUM     AMBRICANUM,     Lobelia 
cardinalis. 

TRACHELO-ATLOIDO-OCCIP/TAL.OhW- 
quus  superior  capitis — t.  AtloUta-bmnilairn,  Rectus 
capitis  lateralis  —  t.  Banla ire,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
ternum major  —  t.  Basilaire,  petit,  Rectus  capitis 
interims  minor. 

TRACHE'LO-DIAPIIRAGMAT'IC,  Trachelo- 
diaphragmat'icna.  The  fourth  pair  of  cervical 
nerves,  whence  the  phrenic  nervo  chiefly  arises. 
—  Cbaussier. 

TRACHELO-MASTOIMEX,  Complexus  mi- 
nor—  t.  Occipital,  Complexus  —  t.  Scapulaire, 
Levator  scapulae. 

TRACHELOS,  Collum. 

TR  AC  11  E'O- BRONCHITIS.      Inflammation 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia. 
TRACHEOCELE.  Bronchocele. 
TRACHEo  PHONY,  Laryngophony. 
TRACHEO  PHTHISIS,  see  Phthisis  laryngea. 
TRACHEOPHYMA,  Bronchocele. 
TRACHEORRHAG "IA.  Bmmap'toi  seu  I7ce- 
mop'tyaia  larynge'a   et  trachea'lia,   from    Tpa-^ua, 
'the  trachea,'  and  prjywm,  'to  break  forth.'    Hae- 
morrhage from  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOSTENOSIS,  from  rpagcia,  'the 
trachea,'  and  arcyucn,  '  contraction.'  Contrac- 
tion or  narrowness  of  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOTOME,  from  trachea,  and  rofin, 
•incision.'  An  instrument  of  the  trocar  kind, 
for  opening  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOTOMY,  see  Bronchotoray. 
TRACHITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
TRACHO'MA,  from  rpa^vi,  '  rough.'  Aspre'do, 
Aapritu'do,  Pladar'otea,  Asperitu'do,  Scabrit"ies, 
Gran'ular  conjuncti'va,  Gran'ular  eyelid,  (F.) 
AspiritS  des  PaupiZres.  A  roughness  of  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eyelids.  A  variety  of  ophthalmia, 
of  which  three  kinds  have  been  designated:  —  T. 
tabula' sum,  from  sand,  Ac,  getting  between  the 
eyelids  ;  T.  carunculo' 'sum,  Pladar'otes,  Plada- 
ro'tis,  Moruia  pal'pelrce  inter1  not,  from  fleshy 
excrescences ;  and  T.  herpet'icum,  from  hard 
pustules  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids. 
This  last  is,  also,  called  Fico'sis,  and  Pal'pebra 
fico'sa. 

TRACT,  OPTIC,  see  Optic  nerves  — t  Rcspi- 
ratorv.  see  Respiratory  tract. 

TRACTATIO  MAN U ARIA,  Surgery. 
TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,  see   Tractors, 
metallic. 

TRACTORS,  METAL'LIC.  Metallic  agents, 
introduced  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Connecticut, 
about  the  end  of  the  last  century,  to  cure  diseases. 
The  parts  were  rubbed  with  these  tractors,  and 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  cases  were  reported  to 
have  been  cured  by  the  Tractor  a' t  ion.  The 
affections,  in  which  they  were  chiefly  used,  were 
local  inflammations,  and  pains  in  different  parts. 
The  good  effects  were,  doubtless,  owing  to  the  in- 
fluence exerted  by  the  mind  over  the  body.  The 
bubble  did  not  exist  long.     See  Perkinism. 

TRACT  US  INTESTINORUM,  Intestinal 
Tube  —  t.  Opticus,  see  Optic  nerves  —  t.  Respi- 
ratorius,  Respiratory  tract. 

Tractcs  Sfmua'i.is  Foiiaminii.kn'tis.  Minute 
openings  at  the  base  of  the  modiolus,  arranged 
in  a  spiral  manner,  which  transmits  the  filaments 
of  the  cochlear  nerve.  The  central  canal  of  the 
Tractus  is  longer  than  the  rest,  and  is  called 
Tu'bulus  centra' li$  modi'oli. 

TRADESCAN'TIA  VIROIN'ICA,  Spider- 
irort ;  indigenous;  Order,  Commelynaceae ;  flow- 
ering from  May  to  August.  The  roots  are  de- 
mulcent. 

TRAGACAN'THA,  from  rpayot,  'a  goat.'  and 
a*at>3a,  'a  thorn/  owing  to  its   hirsute  boughs. 


Gummi  Tragaran'tha  seu  Astrag'ali  Trag'icantha't 
(nun  Tragacantk,  Oum  Dragon,  The  concrete 
juice  of  the  Attragaliu  Tragucantha  <>r  A»traga* 

Ins   Vcrux,  a  native  of  Persia.     Ord.  LegUODUlOMB. 

■<t.  Diadelphia   Decandria.     (F.)    Oomm* 

Adragant,    Adragant,    Adragante,     Adraganth*. 

This  gum  is  inodorous:  nearly  Insipid;  of  a 
whitish  colour;  semi-transparent,  and  striated. 
It  is  in  thin,  vermiform  pieces  ;  and  dues  not  form 
a  smooth,  uniform  mucilage  with  water.  It  is 
demulcent,  but  is  rarely  used  alone. 

TRAGEA  AROMATIC  A,  Pulvis  cinnamomi 
oompositaa 

TRAG"ICUS,  Tnvjien  (Ch.),  from  Tragus. 
A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle  which  almost 
wholly  covers  the  outer  surface  of  the  tragus, 
arising  from  its  base,  and  terminating  at  the  tup 
of  the  eminence. 

TRAGI  EX,  Tragicus. 

TRAGOMASCHA'LIA,  Tragomas'ehale,  from 
rpayos,  'a  goat,'  and  paoxakn,  'axilla.'  The 
strong  unpleasant  odour  of  the  armpits. 

TRAGOPHONIA,  Egophony. 

TRAGOPO'GON,  Burba  hirci;  from  rpayos,  'a 
goat,'  and  nwywv,  'beard.'  A  genus  of  plants; 
Ord.  Cichoraceae.  S«x.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Paly- 
gamia  iEqualis.  (F.)  Barbe  de  Bouc  ;  of  which 
the  roots  of  the  Tragopogon  porrifo'lium,  Su/sifi, 
Oyster  plant,  Oyster-root,  (F.)  Sataijia  ou  Cer- 
ci/is,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  T.  pmten'sf, 
Meadow  Salsiji,  Common  Goat's  Beard,  (F.)  Sal- 
si  fis  des  pres,  are  eaten  as  food.  The  root  of  the 
latter  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic. 

TRAGOSELINUM,  Pimpinella  saxifraga  — t. 
Angelica,  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  t.  Magnum, 
Pimpinella  magna  —  t.  Majus,  Pimpinella  magna 
—  t.  Saxifraga,  Pimpinella  magna. 

TRAGUS;  rpayos,  'a  goat;'  from  its  being  fur- 
nished, in  some  persons,  with  hair,  like  the  beard 
of  a  goat.  Hircus,  Hirquus.  A  small,  flattened, 
triangular  nipple,  situate  before  the  meatus  audi- 
torius  externus,  which  it  appears  to  conceal.  It 
is  covered  with  hair  in  old  people,  whence  its 
name.  Also,  the  peculiar  goat-like  smell  of  the 
axillae. 

Tracts  Mattiiioli,  Salsola  kali. 
TRA/XASSE,  Polvgonum  aviculnre. 
TRAITEMEXT,    Curatio  —  t.    Pal/ialif,    see 
Palliation. 

TRAMIS,  Perinaeum. 
TRANCE,  Catalepsy,  Ecstasis. 
TRANCHEES,  Tormina  —  t.  Cterines,  Pains, 
after. 

TRANS,  in  composition,  'through,  over,  or 
beyond.' 

TRANSFIGURATIO,  Transformation. 
TRANSFORMATION,  Trant/orma'tio,  Tram, 
Jigura'tio,  Tranimuta'tio,   Mttuh'olt,   from   trans, 
and  forma,  '  form.'     Change  of  form. 

TRANSFORMATIONS  DE  TISSC,  (F.) 
The  French  pathologists  designate  thus  the 
change  that  occurs  in  an  organ,  the  tissue  of 
which  becomes  similar  to  that  of  another  organ. 
The  chief  transformations  are  cartilaginous 
ous,  and  adipous.     See  Tissue. 

TBANSFU'SION,  Tranafnrio,  M>ta,h'ysist 
from  transfundere  [trans,  and fundere, fusion,  'to 
pour*)  'to  pour  from  one  vessel  into  another.' 

Transfusion  of  Blood,  Trant/tuio  San'guimit, 
Cum  Mtdea'na,  Methaitnachvni'ia,  Bamaton^e- 
tach'ysis,If(BmoMita<  h' i/xin, Dine h'y sis.  Trantplan- 
ta'tio  med'ica  uma,  f.'fiirnr'gia  trunsjuso' i  in,  Ei- 
otichcpmato'sia.  The  act  of  passing  the  blood  of 
one  animal  into  the  veins  of  another:  an  opera? 
tion  which  was  formerly  used  to  fulfil  various 
therapeutical  intentions.  It  has  been  revived  in 
cases  of  uterine  hemorrhage;  and,  apparently, 
with  some  success. 

The  operation  can   only  bo  performed  safely 


TRANSLATION 


926 


TRANSVERSUS  AURIS 


on  animals  having  like  kinds  of  blood.  See 
Globule. 

TRANSLATION,  Metastasis. 

TRANSMISSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility. 

TRAXSMUTATIO.  Transformation. 

TRANSPIRATIO,  Prespiration— t.  Unilatera, 
Hemidiapboresis. 

TRANSPWA  TO  IRE,  Perspiratory. 

TRANSPLANTA'TIO,  (trans,  and  planta,)  Me- 
taphytei'a.  A  pretended  method  of  curing  dis- 
eases, devised  by  Paracelsus  —  by  making  them 
pass  from  one  individual  to  another,  either  ani- 
mal or  vegetable. 

Trans pl ant atio,  Morioplastice  —  t.  Medica 
nova,  Transfusion. 

Transplanta'tio  Dentis,  Insit"io  dentia.  The 
act  of  transplanting  a  tooth  from  one  person  to 
another. 

TRANSPORT,  Delirium. 

TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis. 

TRANSPOSITION,  Transport" io from  trans, 
'over,'  and  ponere, positum,  '  to  put.'  Metath'esis. 
Change  of  situation. 

Transposition  op  the  Vis'cera,  Polype'ria 
p>romis'cua  translati'va,  Lit  us  inver'sus,  is  a  con- 
genital vice  of  conformation,  which  consists  in 
the  viscera  being  found  out  of  the  situations  they 
ordinarily  occupy:  the  heart,  for  example,  being 
on  the  right  side  :  the  liver  on  the  left,  &c 

TRANSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

TRANSUDATION,  Transuda'tio,  (F.)  Trans- 
sudation, from  trans,  '  through,'  and  sudare,  suda- 
tum,  '  to  sweat.'  The  passage  cf  a  fluid  through 
the  tissue  of  any  organ,  which  may  collect  in 
small  drops  on  the  opposite  surface,  or  evaporate 
from  it. 

Transudation,  Exosmose. 

TRAXSVERSAIRE  EPTXEUX,  Transver- 
salis  dorsi — t.  Epineux  du  cou,  Semispinalis  colli 
—  t.  Grele,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  t.  Epineux  du 
dos,  Semi-spinatus  dorsi. 

TRAXSVERSAL  DE  LA  COXQUE,  Trans- 
versalis auris  —  t.  du  Xez,  Compressor  nasi  —  t. 
des  Orteils,  Transversus  pedis. 

TRANSVERSALIS,  Transverse. 

Transversa'lis  Abdominis,  (F.)  Lombo-ab- 
dominal  (Ch.),  Transverse  de  I' Abdomen.  This 
muscle  is  seated,  deeply,  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  abdomen.  It  is  flat,  thin,  and  broader  before 
than  behind.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  carti- 
lage of  the  last  true  rib,  and  to  those  of  every 
false  rib  :  and,  below,  to  the  inner  lip  of  the  crista 
of  the  ilium;  to  the  two  outer  thirds  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pubis.  Its 
fibres,  moreover,  are  inserted,  behind,  by  means 
of  broad  aponeuroses,  into  the  top  of  the  trans- 
verse and  spinous  processes  of  the  first  four  lum- 
bar vertebra? ;  and,  before,  into  the  linea  alba, 
and  the  ensiform  cartilage.  This  muscle,  all  of 
whose  fibres  have  a  transverse  direction,  con- 
stricts the  belly,  and  diminishes  the  base  of  the 
chest,  by  drawing  inwards  the  ribs  to  which  it  is 
attached. 

Transversalis  Anticus  Primus,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis lateralis  —  t.  Collateralis  colli,  see  Sacro- 
lumbalis. 

Transversa'lis  Colli,  Transversalis  Major 
colli.  Portion  of  the  Sacrospinal  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Tmnsrersaire.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the  posterior 
rind  lateral  part  of  the  neck  and  upper  part  of 
the  back.  It  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  five  or  six  lowest  vertebrae  of  the 
neck  ;  and  to  those  of  the  four  or  five  first  dorsal. 
It  extends  the  vertebrae  of  the  neck,  and  inclines 
them  to  its  side. 

Transversalis  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Transversalis  Dorsi,  Transversa -spinalis, 
Jfultif'idus  Spinas,  Lumbo-cervical  portion  of  the 


Spinal  (Ch.),  (Transverso-spinalis  Lumbo'rum, 
Trans-verso  -  spinalis  Dorsi,  Trans  verso  -  spinalis 
Colli,)  Mus'atlus  sacer,  Spinal  es  et  transveisafe* 
lumbar  tint,  Semi-spinalis  interims  sive  Transverso- 
spinalis  colli  ]}ars  interna  (Winslow),  Lombo- 
dorsi-spinal,  &c,  (F.)  Transversaire  epimnx. 
This  muscle,  usually  called,  by  English  anato- 
mists, Multif'idus  spinal,  and  including  all  the 
transverso-spinales,  is  situate  in  the  vertebral 
gutters,  extending  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
sacrum  to  the  second  cervical  vertebra.  It  is 
thicker  in  the  neck  and  loins  than  in  the  back 
and  behind  the  sacrum.  Its  use  is — to  straighten 
the  vertebral  column,  and  to  impress  upon  it  a 
slight  rotary  motion. 

Transversalis  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

TRANSVERSARIUS,  Transverse. 

TRANSVERSE,  Transver'sus,  Transversa'lis, 
Transversa' riux,  from  trans,  'over,'  and  vertere, 
versum,  'to  turn.'  That  which  runs  across:  also, 
that  which  relates  to  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  vertebra?. 

Transverse  Artery  of  the  Face,  arises  from 
the  temporal ;  passes  transversely  across  the  face, 
in  front  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
gives  its  branches  to  the  different  muscles  of  the 
cheek. 

Transverse  Fissure,  see  Liver — t.  Fossa,  see 
Liver — t. Ligament  of  the  Atlas,  Annular  ligament. 

Transverse  Perineal  Artery,  Uretkro-bul- 
bar  (Ch.),  is  given  off  from  the  upper  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic ;  and  passes  inwards  and  for- 
wards above  the  transversus  perinaei  muscles,  as 
far  as  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  into  which  it  dips, 
subdividing  into  numerous  branches. 

Transverse  Proc"esses  of  the  Ver'tebrjE, 
Diapoph'yses  of  Owen,  (F.)  Apophyses  transversea 
des  vertebres,  are  the  bony  eminences  that  jut  out 
transversely  and  posteriorly  from  the  sides  of  the 
vertebrae. 

Transverse  Suture,  Sufu'ra  transversa'lis, 
runs  across  the  face,  and  sinks  into  the  orbit; 
joining  the  bones  of  the  skull  to  those  of  the 
face,  but  with  so  many  irregularities  and  inter- 
ruptions, that  it  can  scarcely  be  recognised  as  a 
suture. 

TR AX S VERSE  DE  L'ABDOJ/EX,  Trans- 
versalis abdominis — t.  de  VOricule,  Transversus 
auris  —  t.  du  Perinee,  Transversus  perinaei. 

TRANSVERSOSPINAL,  Semi-spinalis  colli, 
Semi-spinalis    dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis,    Transversalis 


dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis   colli,   Seini-spim 


colli  — t. 


Spinalis  dorsi.  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

TRANSVER'SUS  AURIS,  Transver'sus  Au- 
ric'ula?.  (F.)  Transverse  de  V Oricule  (Ch.),  Trans- 
versal de  la  Conque,  is  often  wanting.  It  is 
formed  of  some  transverse  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely, behind  the  projection  of  the  helix  which 
divides  the  concha  into  two  portions. 

Transversus  Pedis.  Scandula'rius,  (F.)Trans- 
versal  des  Orteils,  Metatarso  -sous-phalangien 
transversal  du  premier  orte.il  (Chaussier).  A 
muscle,  which  arises  by  fleshy  slips  from  the 
heads  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  three  outer 
toes.  Its  tendon  is  inserted  into  the  base  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  being  blended  with 
that  of  the  adductor  pollicis. 

Transversus  Perinaei,  Leva'tor  Ani  parvus, 
(F.)  Ischio-perineal  (Ch.),  Transverse  du  Perinee, 
is  placed  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  perinaeum. 
It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  situate  transversely. 
Its  external  extremity  is  attached  to  the  ramus 
and  tuberosity  of  the  ischium:  its  inner  extremity 
is  confounded  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  sphincter  nni 
and  posterior  part  of  the  bulbo-cavernosus.  The 
use  of  this  muscle  is, — to  compress  the  urethra, 
and  to  support  the  rectum  and  bladder.     To  a 


TRAPA   NATAXS 


02 


TREPHINE 


fasciculus  of  this  muscle,  Saatorini  has  given  the 
name  Cre' three  Elewa'tor  seu  EJttettla'tor, 

Tra.nsvkusis  Pkkin.*:'i  Ai.tki:,  PrvStaf'fcas 
inferior,  A  small  muscle  which  occasionally  ac- 
companies the  last. 

TRAPA  NATANS,  (F.)  Maere /loMante,  Not* 
ou  ChAtaigne  d'Ktut.  Ord.  Onmgi 
Shftt.  Tetrandria  Mono^ynia.  The  plant  which 
affords  the  Nneee  Aquafiem,  Trib'nli  aqumtiei, 
Cmltrnpe.  The  nut  is  considered  nutrient  and 
demulcent,  and  la  said  to  he  useful  in  diarrha'a 
from  ahrasiun  of  the  bowels,  and  in  calculus.  A 
poultice  is  sometime*  made  of  it  to  discuss  hard 
and  indolent  tumours. 

TRAPBZA,  Mensa. 

fRAPEZEx  Trapezium,  Trapezius. 

TRAPE'ZIUM  OS,  rpavtfrov,  'a  trapezium.'  So 
called  from  its  shape.  (>*  multan'gulum  majue, 
(F.)  On  trapeze.  The  first  hone  of  the  second 
row  of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated,  ahove,  with 
the  scaphoides ;  below,  with  the  first  bone  of  the 
metacarpus;  within,  with  the  trapezoides,  and 
second  metacarpal  bone.  Anteriorly,  posteriorly, 
and   externally,  it  gives  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAPE'ZIUS,  Cuculla'ria,  (F.)  D<>rso-*u8- 
acromieu  (Ch.),  Trapize,  Capuchon.  A  muscle, 
seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
shoulder,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  hack.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium  ;  is  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  inner  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone;  to  the  posterior  cer- 
vical ligament;  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  7th 
cervical  vertebra;  and  to  those  of  all  the  dorsal 
▼ertebra ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  to  the  spine 
of  the  scapula;  the  acromion  and  the  outer  third 
of  the  posterior  margin  of  the  clavicle.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  situate  obliquely  downwards  and  out- 
wards j  the  transverse  and  inferior,  obliquely  out- 
wards and  inwards.  This  muscle  elevates  the 
shoulder;  carries  it  backwards,  or  depresses  it, 
according  as  its  upper,  middle,  or  lower  fibres 
contract  separately.  It  straightens  the  head, 
also,  and  inclines  it  to  one  side. 

TRAP'EZOID  LIGAMENT.  Ligamen'twm  tra- 
petoxdet.  The  anterior  part  of  the  coraco-elavi- 
cular  ligament.  It  is  a  very  strong,  fibrous  fas- 
ciculus, which  has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium,  and 
is  situate  obliquely,  between  the  acromion  process 
and  clavicle. 

TRAPEZOI'DES,  OS.  Os  multan'gulum  mhma 
peu  pyraniida'fe  carpi,  from  rpareyoj/,  'a  trape- 
zium,' and  uSog,  'shape  or  resemblance'  The 
second  hone  of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus, — so 
called  from  its  shape.  It  is  smaller  than  the  tra- 
pezium, on  the  inside  of  which  it  is  situate.  It 
is  articulated,  above,  with  the  os  naviculare; 
below,  with  the  second  metacarpal  bone:  on  the 
outside,  with  the  trapezium:  and  internally,  with 
the  magnum.  Anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  it 
affords  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAUBENKUR,  Grape  cure. 

TRAULISMUS,  see  Balbuties  and  Blaesitas. 

TRAULOTBS,  see  Blaesitas. 

TRAUMA,  Wound. 

TKU'MAT'IC,  Traumafienw,  Vulnera'fbu, 
Vitl'ii'-rury,  (F.)  Trdumatique,  from  rpavna,  rpav- 
fiaros.  '  a  wound.'     Anything  relating  to  a  wound. 

TRAUMATICA,  Detergent*;  Vulnerari 

TRAUMATWTNE ;  same  etymon  as  Trau- 
matic. A  name  given  by  Eulenbergto  a  solution 
of  gutta  percha  in  chloroform,  which  Is  applied 
externally  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

TRAUMATICU9,  Traumatic,  Vulnerarv. 

TRAUMATISM,  Trammmtie'ikne.  The' condi- 
tion of  the  organism  occasioned  bv  a  grave  wound. 

TRAU'MATO-COMITM.  from  rpavna,  rpav- 
,taToi,  '  a  wound,'  and  ko^im,  '  I  take  care  of.'  An 
hospital  for  the  reception  of  the  wounded. 


TRAUMATOP'YRA,  Febrie  traumatica  :  from 

rpai'fia,    T/.ai/iuroy.    •  a   w  t.imd."  and  A 

wound  fever,  or  fever  consecutive  to  a  wound. 

TRAVAIL,  Parturition. 

TRA  VAIL  VENFANT,  Parturition. 

TRAVELLER'S  JOY,  Clematis  vitalba. 

TREACLE,   Melassee,   Tberiaca  —  t.    1 
Teucrium  obamsBdrys  —  t.  Venice,  Tberiaca. 

TREAD,  (icatricula— t.  of  the  Cock,  Molecule. 

TREATMENT,  Curatio. 

Thkatmknt.  Dbt.     One  in  which  the  patient 
is   almost    wholly,    if  not    wholly,   restricted    from 
the    alimentary   use  of  fluids  J   a   valuable    mudu* 
medendi  in  inflammatory  and  bemorrbagl 
tions. 

TREE,  ELK,  Andromeda  arborefl  —  t. 
Thuya  occidentalis — t.  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea. 

TREFl.E  DE  CASTOR,  Menyanthes  trifo- 
liata — t.  I>'h'<iu,  Menyanthes  fcrifoliata —  /.  det 
Maraie,  .Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREFOIL*   Ilcpatica  triloba  —  t.  Bean,  stink- 
ing, Anagyris  —  t.  Marsb,  Menyantbei  verna — t. 
;  Sour,  Oralis  acctosella  —  t.  Shrubby.   Ptelea  tri- 
foliata — t.  Water,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TRE.MA,  Foramen." 

THEM  11 LEM  EST,  Tremor  —  /.  Mfftalliqve, 
see  Tremor. 

TREMBLES,  Milk-sickness. 

TREMBLING,  Tremor  —  t.  Fevers,  Intermit- 
tent fever. 

TREMELLA  AURICULA  JID.F,  PeaUa 
auricula. 

^  TREMOR,  Trepida'tio,  Syv'elonu*  Tremor, 
Troato-epaemue,  Trornue,  Trembling,  (P.J  Trern- 
blemput,  from  tremere,  'to  tremble.'  Involuntary 
agitation  of  the  body,  or  of  some  part  of  it.  with- 
:  out  any  obstacle  to  voluntary  motion.  It  de- 
pends, generally,  upon  debility  of  the  muscular, 
or  of  the  nervous  system;  and,  hence,  is  ob- 
served in  convalescence,  and  in  typhoid  affec- 
tions. It  occurs,  also,  in  old  people;  in  hard 
drinkers:  workers  in  mercury,  lead,  Ac. :  in  the 
last  case,  it  is  called  by  the  French,  Trembiement 
mftallique,  Tremor  metaVlicne.  Tremor  seems  to 
resemble  paralysis  more  than  convulsion.  >eu 
Paralysis  agitans  and  Pavitatio. 

Tremor  Cordis.  Hippus,  Palpitation  —  t.  Me- 
tallicus,  see  Tremor  —  t.  Potatorum,  see  Delirium 
tremens  —  t.  Purring,  Freiniwtemeut  cataire. 

TREPAX,  Trep'anum,  Try'panon,  Trip' anon, 
rpvnavov,  Terebel'la,  Pereter'  turn,  Peretor'  inm, 
Serra  vernat'ilis,  Choen'ieis,  Ckcmic'ion,  Ter'ebra, 
Tcr'efron,  Tere'trimn,  Vtrtib'ulum,  (F.J  Trfpan, 
from  rpv-aw,  'I  perforate.'  A  surgical  instrument 
resembling  a  wimble,  and  worked  in  the  same 
manner.  It  is  used  for  removing  portions  of 
bone,  and  particularly  of  the  bones  of  the  skull. 
The  term  trepan  is  given  more  particularly  to  the 
part  of  the  instrument  that  makes  the  perforation. 
The  handle  is  so  constructed  as  to  receive  differ- 
ent bits, — as  the  crown,  the  Triptm  per/oratif  pr 
Perite'rion,  the  T.  exfolintif or  Deequamato' rium 
trep'anum,  and  the  T.  ttbaptie'fa. 

In  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  this 
instrument  has  been  superseded  by  the  trephine, 
which  is  more  manageable. 

TREPAXATIO,  Trepanning. 

77/ A7  M.V.I  T10N,  Trepanning. 

TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio,  Anatre'eie,  Ce- 
phalotripe'eie,  Trepana'tio,  Trgpe'eie,  Trent,  I'ri- 
«('*,  Prism  a*.  Fora'tio,  (F.)  Trepanation,  Same 
etymon  as  Trepan.  The  methodical  application 
of  the  trepan. 

TREPANON,  Trepan. 

TRBPANUM,  Trepan. 

TREPHINE.  The  instrument  which  has  re- 
placed the  trepan  in  some  countries.  It  consists 
of  a  simple,  cylindrical  saw;  with  a  handle  , 


TREPHOUSA 


928 


TRICHILIA 


transversely  like  that  of  a  gimlet,  and  from  the 
centre  of  the  circle,  described  by  the  teeth  of  the 
saw,  a  sharp  little  perforator  projects,  called  the 
Centre-pin.  The  centre-pin  is  capable  of  being 
removed,  at  the  surgeon's  option,  by  means  of  a 
key  for  the  purpose.  It  is  used  to  fix  the  instru- 
ment until  the  teeth  of  the  saw  have  made  a  cir- 
cular groove,  sufficiently  deep  for  it  to  work 
steadily.  The  pin  must  then  be  removed.  Some- 
times the  pin  is  made  to  slide  up  and  down,  and 
to  be  fixed  in  any  position,  by  means  of  a  screw. 

TREPHOUSA,  Nurse. 

TREPIDATIO,  Tremor— t.  Cordis,  Cardiotro- 
mus. 

TREPIED   VITAL,  Tripod,  vital. 

TREPON'DO.  A  weight  of  three  pounds.— 
Scribonius. 

TRE'SIS,  rprjais,  from  rpew,  'I  bore.'  Properly, 
a  perforation.  A  wound.  A  forcible  solution  of 
continuity  in  a  soft  part,  commencing  externally. 
A  genus  in  the  nosology  of  Good. 

Tresis,  Trepanning,  Wound  —  t.  Causis,  Burn 
—  t.  Punctura,  Puncture  —  t.  Vulnus,  Wound  — 
t.  Vulnus  laceratum,  see  Laceration  —  t.  Vulnus 
simplex,  Cut. 

TRESSAILLEMENT,  Shuddering. 

TRESSO'RIA,  low  Latin  Episi'on,  zmceiov.  A 
term  formerly  applied  to  the  hair  covering  the 
mons  veneris,  the  absence  of  which  has,  by  the 
vulgar,  been  esteemed  a  matter  of  reproach. 

TRI,  rpt,  in  composition,  '  three.' 

TRIACLE,  Melasses. 

TRIANGLE  MEDULLAIRE,  Fornix. 

TRIANGLE,  VESICAL,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIAN'GULAR,  Trigo'nos,  Triangularis, 
from  tri,  and  angulus,  'an  angle.'  That  which 
has  three  angles. 

Triangular  or  Infra-pubian  Ligament,  Lig- 
amen'tum  triangula're  seu  in/ra-pubia'num,  is  a 
ligamentous  fascia  with  short  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely beneath  the  symphysis  pubis,  which  it 
strengthens.  Also,  a  ligament  extending  from 
the  coracoid  to  the  acromial  process  of  the 
scapula. 

TRIANGULARIS,  Depressor  anguli  oris  — t. 
Coccygis,  Coccygeus — t.  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Triangularis  Sterni,  Stemo-costal  (Ch.), 
Pectora'lis  inter'nus.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  chest,  behind  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
lengthened  triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  directed 
downwards.  It  is  attached  to  the  posterior, 
lateral,  and  inferior  part  of  the  sternum,  whence 
its  fibres  pass  upwards  and  outwards,  and  termi- 
nate by  as  many  distinct  digitations  at  the  carti- 
lages of  the  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  true  ribs.  This 
muscle  depresses  the  ribs  and  contributes  to  ex- 
piration. 

TRIBAS,  (F.)  Tribade,  from  rpiPo,,  'I  rub.' 
Frictrix,  Frica'tn'x,  Futu'trix.  Mas'cula,  Subagi- 
ta'trix,  Subigita'trix.  A  female  whose  clitoris  is 
so  large  as  to  cause  her  to  be  regarded  as  an 
hermaphrodite.  One  who  acts  as  a  male  with 
another  female. 

TRIBULI  AQUATICI,  see  Trapa  natans. 

TRIBUTUM  LUNARE,  Menses  — t.  Men- 
struum, Menses. 

TRICiE,  Plica— t.  Incuborum,  Plica— t.  Scro- 
forum,  Plica. 

TRICAGO,  Teucrium  chamsedrys. 

TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

TRICEPH'ALUS,  from  tri,  and  Kt<pa\v,  'head.' 
A  monster  with  three  heads. 

TRICEPS,  from  tri,  and  caput,  'head.'  A 
name  given  to  muscles  that  have  three  fleshy 
bundles  at  one  of  their  extremities. 

Triceps    Adduc'tor    Fem'oris.     Under  this 


appellation  are  comprehended  three  distinct  mus- 
cles; Adductor  brevifi,  A.  longus,  and  A.  ma  gnu*. 

Triceps  Auris,  Retrahens  auris — t.  Brachialis, 
Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

Triceps  Cruris,  Femora'lis,  (F.)  Trifemoro- 
rotnlien  (Ch.),  Crural,  Tri/emoro-tibi-rotitlien, 
Triceps  crural  ou  de  la  cuisse,  is  situate  at  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  formed  of  three  bundles  at  its  superior  extre- 
mity, viz.  1.  A  middle  fasciculus  (the  crura'lls  of 
most  anatomists).  2.  An  external  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  externus)  and  3.  An  inner  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  interims).  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  surfaces  of  the  femur, 
and  to  the  two  edges  of  the  linea  aspera,  from 
the  base- of  the  trochanter  to  within  four  fingers' 
breadth  of  the  knee.  Below,  it  terminates  by  a 
large  tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  base  and 
edges  of  the  patella,  as  well  as  to  the  inner  and 
outer  tuberosities  of  the  tibia.  The  triceps  ex- 
tends the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

TRICEPS  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Triceps  cruris— 
t.  Crural,  Triceps  cruris. 

Triceps  Exten'sor  Cu'biti,  Triceps  brachia'- 
lis,  (F.)  Scapulo-hnmero-olecranien  (Ch.),  Triceps 
brachial.  This  muscle,  which  occupies  all  the 
posterior  part  of  the  os  humeri,  is  described  as 
two  muscles  by  Douglas,  and  as  three  by  Wins- 
low.  It  arises  by  three  heads.  The  first  or  long 
head, — long  head  of  the  biceps  exteruus  of  Doug- 
las, Anconeus  major  of  Winslow, — arises  from  the 
anterior  extremity  of  the  inferior  costa  of  the 
scapula,  near  its  neck,  and  below  the  origin  of 
the  teres  minor.  The  second  head,  or  short  head 
of  the  biceps  externus  of  Douglas,  Anconeus  exter- 
nals of  Winslow,  arises  from  the  upper  and  outer 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  at  the  base  of  the  great 
tuberosity;  and  the  third  head, — Brachialis  ex- 
ternus of  Douglas,  Anconeus  internum  of  Winslow, 
— the  shortest  of  the  three,  arises  from  the  back 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  behind  the  flat  tendon  of 
the  latissimus  dorsi.  These  three  portions  unite 
about  the  middle  of  the  arm,  so  as  to  form  one 
thick  and  powerful  muscle,  which  is  inserted  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  olecranon.  It  extends  the 
forearm  on  the  arm,  and  conversely. 

Triceps  Magnus,  Adductor  magnus — t.  Minor, 
Adductor  longus  femoris — t.  Secundus,  Adductor 
brevis. 

TRIC11M  INCUBORUM,  Plica. 

TRICHANGIA,  Capillary  vessels 

TRICHANGIECTA'SIA,  Angidiecta'sia,  Tri- 
chocirsus,  from  Spit;,  rpi\oi,  'a  hair,'  ayyeiov,  'a 
vessel,'  and  zktucis,  '  dilatation.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  capillary  vessels. 

TRICHAUX'E,  from  §pi£,  rpi^og,  'hair,' and 
av^-q,  'increase.'  Increase  in  the  quantity  and 
size  of  the  hair,  without  change  of  texture. 

TRICHERA  ARVENSIS,  Scabiosa. 

TRICHIA,  Entropion. 

TRICHI'ASIS,  Trichio'sis,  Tricho'sis,  from 
$pi£,  Tpi%os,  'hair.'  Morbus  pila'ris.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  affections.  1.  To  a  dis- 
ease of  the  kidneys  or  bladder,  in  which  filamen- 
tous substances,  resembling  hairs,  are  passed  in 
the  urine.  This  is  also  called  Pilimic'tio.  It 
must  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  Catar'rhua 
vesi'ccB.  2.  To  a  painful  swelling  of  the  breasts, 
in  child-bed  women,  when  the  milk  is  excreted 
with  difficulty  :  —  a  disease  attributed,  by  Aris- 
totle, to  a  hair  swallowed  by  accident  and  carried 
to  the  breasts  through  the  circulation  ;  and  3dly, 
To  inversion  of  the  eye-lashes.     See  Entropion. 

TRICHIASIS   LACTEA,  Infarctus   mamma* 

TRICHILIA,  Cathartics. 

Trichil'ia  Emet'ica,  Elcaja.  A  tree,  Order, 
Meliaceae,  common  on  the  mountains  of  Yemen 


TRICHINA   SPIRALIS 


0-2  0 


TRIG  E  MINI 


and  in  Senegal.  The  fruit  h  used,  by  the  Arabs, 
a?  an  emetic     The  rip"  formed   with 

sesamum  oil  into  an  ointment  for  tbe  itch. 
[ILIA   Tbifoli  y'ta.  a  bush  of  Car 
■  II  of  the  roots  uf  which  is  used  to  pro- 
mote abortion. 

TRICHI'NA  SPtRA'LI8.  Same  etymon.  A 
small  species  of  entosoa  discovered  in  the  n 
of  voluntary  motion.  Trichina-  consul  of  very 
minute  cy-t>,  of  an  oblong  figure,  having  consi- 
derable resemblance,  In  Bite  and  colour,  to  young 
pediculi,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  t 
found  in  paste  and  vinegar.  No  Bymptoms  have 
1  to  be  pathognomonic  of  their 
1  i   -  nee. 

TRICHIASIS,  Trichiasis— t  Distrix,  Distrix. 

TRICHIS'MUS.     Same  etymon.     Capilla'tio, 
.     A  capillary  fracture,  lissure, 
or  crack. 

TRICHIURIA,  Trichocephalus, 

TRICHOC&PHALE  DE  L'ffOMME,  Tri- 
al 

TRICHOCEPH'ALUS,  Triokoeeph/edm  dl»- 
pnr ;  from  9 .  ii,  r,iy^.  'a  hair.'  and  KtQaXrj, 
'head.1  Triekn? rie,  T.  vnlgarit  sea  inteetiua'lie, 
hn'ria,  Trichiu'rin,  Triekooephalut 
sen  Maetigo'det  kominit,  Long  thread-worm,  (F.) 
TriehoeSphale  de  I'homme.  A  worm,  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  loogj  the  head 
neute;  the  body  spirally  involuted  in  the  male, 
almost  straight  in  the  female.  The  triehoeepha- 
liia  diepar  generally  inhabits  the  caecum  and 
colon,  and  is  rarely  met  with  in  the  small  intes- 
tines. It  gives  rise  to  no  peculiar  symptoms,  and 
requires  the  usual  anthelmintic  treatment. 

TRU  HOI  1 RSI  8,  Triohangiectasia. 

TRICHOG"ENOUS,  from  &*,£,  TPtXos,  'ahair,' 
and  ycixau),  'I  generate.'  Hair-forming ;  as  a 
'.trichogeuotu  remedy, '  —  one  that  promotes  the 
growth  of  hair. 

TRICHOLABIS,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLABIUM,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLOG1  \.  Cai-phologia. 

TRICHOMA,  Capillnmentum,  Plica. 

TRICHOMANES,  Asplenium  trichomanoides 
—  t.  Crenata,  A -'Ionium  trichomanoides. 

TRFCHOMAPHYTE,  from  trichoma,  'plica,' 
andetvroir,  "a  vegetable.'  A  cry ptogamous growth, 
found  in  plica,  Find  said,  by  some,  to  be  its  cause. 

IRICHOM  IPHYTON,  Mycoderma  plies. 

TRICHOMATION,  Capillamentum. 

TRU   HOM  \T<  SE    II A  IK,  Plica. 

TRICHOMONAS,  Trichom'onad ;  from  Optf. 
rpix°i>  '■  hair,'  and  monad.  An  animalcule 
found  by  M.  Donne*  in  the  mucus  of  the  vagina, 
where  cleanliness  has  not  been  attended  to.  and 
to  which  he  has  given  the  name  Triehom'onat 
oagina'lit.     I  sidered  to  be  no- 

thing more  than  ciliated  epithelium  separated 
from  the  uti  rua. 

TRICHOMYt  ES  TONSURANS,  Porrigo  de- 
ealva 

TRICHONOSIS,  Porrigo— t.  Furfuraeea,  Por- 

■ah  an.-  —  f.  Plica.  Plica  —  t.  Poliosis,  Pol iosis. 

TRICHON'OSl  B,from  '-.  if,  rpt%os,  'hair/ and 

voaos,  '  B66  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHY'IA,    Triekophgt'ua,  from  Sou;, 

rpixoi,  'hair.'  and  fvuv,  'to  grow.'  Remedies 
that  pr<  mote  ' ;      growth  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHYTON  TONSURANS,  see  Porrigo 
decalvans. 

TRICHOSAN'THES,  AM  Ad:  A.  ($*£  rptXot, 

'hair,*  and  m}n.  'a    UOWOT.')       Order,  <  'ucurhi  I  a- 

:  plant  of  India  :  i  i  re  bitter  and 

astringent,  sometimes  emetic.     In  Jamaica,  it  is 

a,  and  is  used  for  killing 

rots. 

Trichosahthes  Cop.da'ta.    The  root  is  used 

69 


by  the  natives  of  India  as  a  substitute  for  Ca- 
lumba  root. 

Tun  IHOSAHTHBI  Ctct  Mi:t;'iN\.  The  fruit  is 
considered  in  India  to  be  anthelmintic. 

Trichosabtrsb  1n<  i'-  \,  Goehed  Triehotanthet, 
of  the  forests  of  India.  The  fruit  is  esteemed  to 
be  poisonous.     Pounded  and  intimately  blended 

with  cocoa  nut  oil,  it  is  used  in  India  as  an  appli- 
cation to  offensive  sores  of  the  ears,  and  to 
-/ana. 

Titn  iiosantiifs  Yii.i.o'sa,  of  Java.  The  fruit 
acts  like  colocynth. 

TRICHOSCHISIS,  S.-hizatrichia. 

TRICHO'SIS,  Pila'ri  malum;  from  dpt£  rpi- 
X°i,  'hair.'  Morbid  organization  or  deficiency 
of  hair.     A  gen  us  in  the  system  of  G 1. 

TRU  B0SI8,     Entropion,     Trichiasis  —  t. 
PorrigO  decalvans  —  t.  Atbrix,  Alopecia — t.  I>i-- 
trix.  Distrix — t.  Furfuracca,  PorrigO  furfurans  — 
t.  Hir.-iities,  Hirsuties  —  t.  Plica,  Plica  —  t.  Polio- 
sis. Poliosis — t.  Setosa,  Eystriciasis. 

TRICHOTON,  Scalp. 

TRICHURIS,  Triohocephalns. 

TRU  LISPERMA  GR ANDIFLORA,  Polygaja 
paucifolia. 

TRICUS'PID,  TrieuM'pi;  Tricuspid  a' lit,  Tri- 
cutpidoJtut,  from  tri,  and  cutpi*,  eutpidit,  'a 
point.'      That  which  has  three  poil 

Tricuspid  Vai.vi  s.  Val'vulm  Tricuspid**  sen 
trigfo'ekinet  sen  tritul'etB,  are  three  triangular, 
valvular  dnplicatures,  Conned  by  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  the  right  cavities  of  the  heart,  around 
the  orifice  by  which  the  auricle  communicates 
with  the  ventricle.  The  elongated  and  pointed 
top  of  each  of  these  valves  is  continuous  with  the 
chordae  tendinese,  whioh  set  out  from  the  colnmnm 
carneaj  of  the  heart.  These  valves  are  depressed 
to  allow  the  blood  to  flow  from  the  auricle  into 
the  ventricle  ;  and  are  raised  to  prevent  its  reflux 
into  the  auricle. 

TRIENS,  Un'eiat  qva'titnr.  From  tri,  'three.' 
The  third  part  of  a  pound.     Four  ounces,  Troy. 

—  Galen. 
TRIFACIAL,  TrigeminL 
TRIF^MORO-ROTULIEN,  Triceps  cruris— 

t.  Tibi-rotulien,  Triceps  cruris. 

TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM,  Oxalis  acetosella 

—  t.  Aquaticum,  Menyanthes  trifoliate  —  t.  Au- 
reum,  Ilepatica  triloba  —  t.  Cervinum.  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — t.  Fibrinnm,  Menyanthes  trii'oliaui 
— t.  Hepaticum,  Ilepatica  triloba. 

Tiuko'i.iim  Mblilo'i  I  S  <M|  |t  in a'i.is,  T.  <>ffic"- 
ina'le  sen  odora/tum  sen  ettbaUi'num  ;  from  tri, 
and  foli tun,  'a  leaf.1  Melilotut,  Jfelilo'tva  eitfri- 
)id,  Lotus  egloet'trit,  Ser'tvlo  Compa'na,  Coro'na 
re'gia,  Common  mel'ilot,  (F.)  Mililot.  Ord,  Le- 
gumino88B.  Sex.  Sytt.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Tbe 
infusion  or  distilled  water  of  this  plant  has  I  I  en 
employed  in  cases  of  Ophthalmia.  It  ha.-  al.-o 
been  used  in  fomentations,  glysters,  Ac 

Tniroi.ir.M   OFFICINALE,  T.  mclilotus   officinalis 

—  t.  Paludo-uin.  Menyanthes  trifoliata —  t.  Pa- 
Lustre,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trigae'triev;  Triven'terj  from 
tri,  and  yaarrtp,  'belly.'  That  which  ha-  three 
bellies.     An  epithet  for  muscles  so  circumstanced. 

TRIGEM'INI,  Tergem'ini,  from  rW,  and  gem1. 
inu$,  'double;'  'threefold,'  'triplets.'  The  j-'/'h 
pair  of  i"  i  vet,  A'- 1  vi  divi'ti  ><u  guttato'i 
out  quintitt  sen  tremelhtt  sen  mix  tut  sen  tympatbt  <'  - 
icvt  me'diut  sen  tympath'iettt  mediut  sen  anon'gmut 
sen  i)uioitiiini'iiin,/'(ir  trit/t  m' itni/ii  sen  guintum  ner- 
vorum cerebra' Hum  sen  triiim  f'iini<ii/i>' rum,  7ri- 
fa'eial,  (E.)  Nerf  gnttatif  innomivf,  Nerf  d  troit 
eordet,  Nerf  trijumeau.  This  nerve  arises  below 
the  tuber  annulare  by  one  large  posterior  root  from 

the  corpora  restiformia,  and  by  two  small  ante- 
rior roots  from  the  corpora  olivaria,  whence,  pro- 


TRIGOXE   CEREBRAL 


930 


TRISPLAXCIIXIC 


ceeding  forwards  to  the  side  of  the  sella  Turcica, 
the  filaments  composing  the  large  rout  form  a 
ganglion  —  the  Gasserian.  Emerging  from  this 
ganglion,  the  filaments,  of  which  the  large  root 
i- on  sis  ts,  form,  with  those  constituting  the  small 
roots,  and  which  had  nut  passed  through  the  j 
ganglion,  two  flattened  trunks,  each  of  which  is 
soon  divided  into  three  branches,  in  such  a  man- 
ner, however,  that  the  first,  or  ophthalmic  branch, 
and  the  second  or  upper  maxillary,  are  composed 
exclusively  of  the  filaments  that  arose  from  the 
corpora  restiformia  and  passed  through  the  Gas- 
serian ganglion;  whilst  the  third  or  lower  maxil- 
lary branch  is  composed  in  |»art  of  those  fila- 
ments, and  in  part  of  those  that  arose  from  the 
corpora  olivaria,  and  passed  on  one  side  of  the 
ganglion  without  going  through  it.  The  whole, 
therefore,  of  the  first  and  second  branches,  and  a 
part  of  the  third  are  sensiferous  nerves,  whilst 
the  remaining  part  of  the  third  —  the  man'duca- 
tory  or  mas'ticatory — is  wholly  motiferous,  and 
passes  to  the  pterygoid  and  other  muscles  con- 
cerned in  mastication. 

TRIGOXE  CEREBRAL,  Fornix— t.  Vesical, 
see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIGOXEL'LA  FCEXUM,  T.  F<je'num  Grce'- 
cnm,  diminutive  of  trigona,  three  sided — from  the 
shape  of  its  flower:  Fen'ugreek,  Fie'nugreek,  I\e- 
vum  Gr&'cnm,  Bu'ceras,  B.  Foenum  Grcp.'cum, 
Carphos,  jE(joc"eras,  (F.)  Fenugrec,  Senegraiu. 
Ord.  Legutninosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelpbia  Decan- 
dria.  A  native  of  the  south  of  France.  The 
seeds  have  a  strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  an 
unctuous,  farinaceous  taste;  accompanied  by  a 
slight  bitterness.  They  are  chiefly  used  in  poul- 
tices. 

TRIGONIUM  OLFACTORIUM,  see  Mani- 
niillary  eminence. 

TRIGOXOS,  Triangular. 
TRIG0XU5  VESICAE,  see  Urinary  bladder— 
t.  Lieutaudi.  see  Urinary  bladder. 
TRTJUMEA  TJX,  Trigemini. 
TRIL'LIUM    LATIFO'LIUM.    from    trilix, 
'triple.'  —  all  the  parts  being  in  threes.     Broad- 
leaf  Bethroot,  Bethroot,  Rattlesnake  root.    Wake- 
robin,     Coughroot,    Indian    Balm.     Ground    Lily, 
Jews'  Harp,    Indian   Shamrock,  Pariswort,  True- 
fore.       Ord.   Trilliacete.       Sex.    Syst.    Hexandria 
Trigynia.     A   plant  peculiar  to  North   America, 
■which   blossoms  in   the  spring.     The  root  is  as- 
tringent. 

There  are  many  species  of  Trillium,  all  of  which 
possess  the  same  properties. 
TRIOCEPHALIA.  Aprosopia. 
TRIOR'CHIS,  from  tri,  and  upx^,  'a  testicle.' 
One  who  has  three  testicles. 

TRIOSTEOSPERMUM.  Triosteum. 
TRIOS'TEUM.  T.  Perfolia'tum  seu  majns.  from 
tri,  and  oanov,  'a  bone,'  in  allusion  to  the  three 
bony  nuts  :  Triosteosper'innm,  Bastard  Ipecac-n- 
an'ha,  Fever  Root,  Fererwort,  Tinker's  iceed. 
Hose  ginseng  or  gentian,  Ipecac.  Wild  Coffee, 
While  ginseng.  Gen'tian,  White  Gentian.  Sweet 
Bitter.  Indigenous ;  Ord.  Caprifoliaeea?.  In 
very  large  doses,  the  bark  of  the  root  proves 
emetic  It  is  a  good  cathartic,  in  doses  of  twenty 
or  thirty  grains.  It  sometimes  operates  as  a  diu- 
retic. 

'    Triostt-tm    ArGUSTiFGLior,     T.    minus,     has 
similar  virtues. 

TRIPE  DE  ROCHE.  Different  lichen?  of  the 
species  Gyrophora,  inhabiting  the  Arctic  regions 
of  America,  bear  this  name.  They  are  eaten  as 
food  bv  I  he  hunters. 

TRIPHAR'MACUM,  rpi+apuaKOv.  From  tri, 
and  Qappamv,  '  a  medicine.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  thro     ingredients. 

TRIPLET,  from  triplex,  '  triple.'    One  of  three 


children  born  at  the  same  accouchement  or  gest 

tation.     Also,  relating  to  triplets  —  as   *' triplet 

conception.' 

Triplet  Monsters.  Monstra  trip'liea  seu  tri- 

gem'ina,  are  such  as  have  parts  of  the  body  tripled. 

Thev  are  rare. 

TRIPOD,   VITAL.    (F.)    Tripied   vital.     The 

heart,  lungs,  and    brain   have    been  so  called,  as 

their  united  action  is  necessary  for  the  mainten. 

ance  of  life. 

TRIPSIS.  Contusio,  Trituration. 
TRIPUDIATIO  SPASTICA.  Chorea. 
TRIQUETRA  OSSA.  Wormiana  ossa. 
TRIQUETRUM,  (OS,)  Cuneiform  (bone.) 
TRISIS,  Brygmus. 

TRISMUS,  from  rfu^w,  '  I  gnash.'  Enta'sia  seu 
Tonos    Trismus,    Copis'trum,   Mas'ticatory    spasm 

of  the  face,  Locked  Jaw,  Spasmus  seu   Rigor  sen 
Tct'anus     inaxil/'a     inferio' ris,     Gnathospat 
Stomafospas'mus,  (F.)  Mai  de  JIachoire.     Sj 
closure  of  the  under  jaw  ;  a  partial  tetanus.     Cul- 

len  makes  two  varieties —  T.  uascen'tinm  seu  ne- 
onato'rum,   Nineday  fits,  (F.)  Sarrete,    attacl 
infants  during  two  weeks  from  birth  ;  and  T.  trau- 
maticus,  originating  from  a  wound. 

Trismus  Capistratts,  Bredissure — t.  Catarrh- 
alis  maxillaris,  Xeuralgia  maxillaris — t.  Clonieus, 
Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Cynicus.  see  Canine  laugh — 
t.  Diastrophe  Sauvagesii,  Paralysis.  Bell's  —  t. 
Dolorificus,  Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Maxillaris,  Xeu- 
ralgia faciei — t.  Xascentium,  see  Trismus  —  r. 
Neonatorum,  see  Trismus  —  t.  Sardonicus,  Risus 
sardonicus. 

TRISPERM'UM.  from  tri,  and  ant^a,  'a  grain 
or  seed.'  A  cataplasm,  consisting  of  three  seeds, 
—  cumin,  bay,  and  8 tn ullage.  Gorra?us. 
TRISPLANCHNIA,  Cholera, 
•TRISPLANCH'NIC,  Trisplaneh'nicns,  (F.) 
Trisplanchniqne ;  from  tri,  and  c-\ay^o\,  '  vis- 
cus.'  That  which  relates  to  three  orders  of 
viscera. 

Trisplaxchxtc  Xerve.  Xervus  trisplanch'ni- 
cus  seu  sympathet' icus  magnus  seu  sympath'tcui 
seu  ganglion'icus  seu  vaso-moto'rius,  (F.)  H 
sympathique  ou  grand  sympathique,  Great  sympa- 
thetic, Intercos'tal.  Ganglion' ie  or  ver'tebral  nerve, 
Nerve  of  organ' ic  life  :  —  named  by  Bichat  tie 
organic  nervous  system,  in  opposition  to  the  other 
nervous  parts,  called  the  animal  nervous  system. 
Gall  terms  it,  the  nervous  system  of  the  automat' ic 
functions.  It  has  also  been  called  the  gangli- 
aervous  system.  It  is  termed  Trisplanchie, 
because  it  distributes  its  branches  to  the  or- 
gans in  the  three  great  splanchnic  cavities  — 
the  head,  chest  and  abdomen.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  series   of  ganglia,   united    by  inter- 

1  mediate    branches,    and   passing    along   the   side 

ji  of  the  spine  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  trunk: 
communicating,   by   a  branch,   with   each   of  the 

,;  thirty  pairs  of  spinal  nerves  and  several  of  the 
cereliral  nerves:  and  detaching  nerves  from  its 
several  ganglia,  which  accompany  the  arteries, 
and  are  distributed,  particularly,  to   the  organs 

\\  of  involuntary  functions.     At  its  upper  part  it  is 

li  concealed  in  the  canalis  caroticus  and  cavernous 
sinus,  and  is  joined  there  by  a  branch  of  the  6ih 
pair  of  nerves,   and  by   a   twig  from   the  Vidian 

i'  nerve  of  the  5th   pair.     In  passing  down   by  t'.  e 

[  side  of  the  spine,  it  forms  three  ganglia   in  t';.e 

<  neck: — the  superior,  middle,  (thyroid  ganglion.) 
and  inferior,  (ver'tebral  ga)iglion);  12  in  the  back 

r  — the  thoracic;  5  in  the  loins — the  lumbar  ;  and 
three  or  four  sacral.  When  it  reaches  the  coccyx 
it  unites  with  its  fellow  from  the  opposite  side, 
forming  a  small  ganglion  —  the  eocryge'al,  Gan'- 
glion  impar,  nz'ygous  ganglion.  Meckel  divides 
it  into  two  portions —  1.  The  central  ganglions  or 
central  part,  composed  of  the  numerous 
.  onic  plexuses  in  the  abdomen  ;  the  centre  of  w  Inch 


TRISPLAXCIlXITIS 


931 


TROCill.-'-  as 


is  the  semilunar  and  solar  plexuses.  2.  The  ex- 
ternal ganglione,  Limitrophe*  or  external  port, 
whieh  comprise  th  .sate  at 

the  sides  of  tlu'  spine,  from  the  base  of  the  era- 
liiuni  to  the  saeruoi.  The  great  sympathetic 
poems  to  form  u  distinct  nervous  BJStem,  destined 
for  the  organs  of  involuntary  motion  ;  for  although 
communicating  with  both  brain  and  spinal  mar- 
row, it  does  not  seem  to  be  immediately  under 
the  influence  id' either.  Its  special  functions  are 
not  yet,  however,  well  understood,  and  are  the 
subject  —  as  they  have  always  been  —  of  much 
interesting  investigation. 

TRISPLANCHNITIS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

TRISSAGO,  Teucrium  chamssdrya —  t.  Palns- 
erium  soordium. 

TRISTKMANIA,  Melancholy. 

Tills  l'KKN  AL.  Beclard  has  given  this  name 
to  the  third  bony  portion  of  the  sternum;  —  that 
which  corresponds  to  the  third  intercostal  space. 

TRI8TITIA,  Athvmia.  Moeror. 

PHYA    AMERICANA,  Fever,  yel- 
low. 

TRIT.EorirVKS.  TritcBopk'ya,  from  rpiraioc, 
'tertian,'  and  £vio,  'I  heroine.'  A  fever,  whose 
type  approaches  the  tertian.  Sau rages  gave  the 
name  Tritaophya  Vratit  ■  an  epidemic, 

which  broke  out  in  the  Prussian  army  at  Breslaw, 
middle  of  the  last  century. 

TII1T.K US,  Tertian  fever. 

TRITYICUM  2ESTP VDM,  from  terere,  tritum, 
'to  thrash.'     T.  a  'evalloe  sen  c 

turn  .-eu  erina'ceum  <v\\  Gaertueria'num  Ben  Lin- 
iKpa'iuiin  sen  pmino'eum,  Summer  wheat;  and 
Tiur'ii  r\f  IIvbkrn'im  sen  glaueum  sen  Mu'ti- 
seu  Sic' 'alum,  Winter  wheat,  (F.)  Froment. 
0  i.  Graminese.  Sex.  Syet.  Triandria  Digynia. 
From  these  plants  our  wheaten  flour  is  obtained, 
by  grinding  the  seeds —  Wheat,  Pyrue,  Frumen'- 
tnm — and  to  them  we  are  indebted  for  our  bread 
and  pastry.  The  nutritive  properties  of  wheaten 
flour  are   so  well  known  as  not  to  need  comment. 

Bread,  (F.)  Pain,  mixed  with  milk,  constitutes 
the  ordinary  emollient  poultice  ; — and  the  crumbs 
i  I,   MivcB  panit,  are  a  common   excipient 
for  pills  and  bolui 

TitiTHtM  Auvknsk,  T.  repens  —  t.  Cereale,  T. 
aestivum —  t.  Cevallos,  T.  aestivum  —  t.  Com- 
pactam,  T.  ssstivum  —  t.  Faginum,  Polygonum 
rum  —  t.  Gaertnerianum,  T.  sestivum  —  t. 
Glaueum,  T.  bybernum,  and  T.  repens— L  Hyber- 
lium.  see  T.  aestivum — t.  Muticum,  T.  bybernum 
— t.  LinnsBanum,  T.  sestivum  —  t.  Pruinosum,  T. 
sastivum. 

Tkit'i.tm    Rkpkns,    T.  nrven'tl   sen  glaueum, 
Agrop'yrum  letvis/timum,  Brotnu*  <jl<iht  r, 
cani'n  teor'idi*  sen  repene,  Lolia'eeum 

radi'ci  repen'ti,  Dog-grate,  Couch-grt  te,  Quickene, 
Twitch-grate,  (So.)  Ronnache,  (F.)  Chiendent. 
The  root*  are  sweet,  and  possess  aperient  pro- 
perties     Ibey  are  said,  also,  to  be  diuretic. 

Trittcum  Sicolum,  T.  bybernum. 

»,  Contritio,  Trituration. 
TRITON  PALUSTRI8,  see  Ectoxoa. 
TRITORIUM,  [nfundibulum. 
TRI1  ritio. 

^  TRITURATION,  Tritnra'tio,  Tritm'ra,  Tritut, 
.  Tripeie,  from  terere,  tritum,  'to  bruise.' 
tot  of  reducing  ■  substance  to  powder. 
-.  Contritio. 

'i".  Trituration. 
EVELIN.    ,e  Lii 
[VENTER,  : 

\K.  Trochar,  Acnt  paraeent'iea  sea  pa- 
ya'rie,    Paraceuti'- 
ri..„.  Paracentete'rion.     Corrupted  from  I 

■  three  quarters ;'  bo  called 

triangular  shape  of  the  point —  Triq'uei- 

rum.    An  instrument  used  for  evacuating  fluids 


from  cavities,  particularly  in  ascites,  bydroceIef 
I  •.     A  trocar  consists  of  a  perforator  or  stylet 

and   a  canula,    which    is   BO   adapted    to   the    per- 
forator, that,  when  the  puncture  is  made, 
enter  the   wound   with   facility  ;   alter   which,  the 
Stylet   being    withdrawn,    the   canula    remains   in 
the  wound   ami   affords   the  fluid  a  ready  i 

outwards. 

TROCART,  Trocar. 

TROCH,  TrochU 

TROCHANTER,    Tr  !  fa'for,   from 

rpo-^au),  *I   turn.'     Anatomists    have    given    the 

•eat  and  little  trochanter  to  two  pro 
at  the  proper  extremity  of  the  femur.      The 
trochanter,  glutut,  is  the  on"  on  the  outside;  the 
leet  is   lower  down   and   more   internally.       Both 
afford  attachment  to  rotator  muscles  of  the  thigh, 
and   hence   their  name.      Chaussier,  by  the   word 
trochanter,  means  the  larger  process j  the  BO 
he  calls  trochantin. 

TROCHANTER'IAN,  Trochanteria'nut,  Tro- 
kantr/ian.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  tho 
great  trochanter.  —  Chauc 

TROCHANTIN'IAN,  Trokantin'ian,  Troehan- 
tinia'niix.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  tho 
trochantin  or  less  trochanter. 

TROCHAR,  Trocar. 

TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME, 
Trochisci  carbon atis  calcis  —  t.  of  Chalk,  Tro- 
chisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  Eschar  otic,  Trochisci 
escharotici  — t.  Gum,  Trochisci  gummosi  —  t.  of 
Gum  Arabic,  Trochisci  acacia'  —  t.  of  Ipecacuanha, 
Trochisci  ipecacuanha' — t.  of  Lactucarium,  Tro- 
chisci lactucarii —  t.  Liquorice,  Trochisci  glycyr- 
rhisaa —  t.  Liquorice,  with  opium,  Trochisci  irly- 
eyrrhizaa  cum  opio  —  t.  of  .Magnesia,  Tr< 
magnesias  —  t.  of  Morphia,  Trochisei  morphise — 
t.  of  Morphia  and  ipecacuanha,  Trochisci  mor- 
phia? et  ipecacuanha? — t.  Nitre.  Trochisci  nitratis 
•  ■  —  t.  of  Peppermint,  Trochisci  mentbsa 
piperita? — t.  of  Tartaric  acid,  Trochisci  aciili  tar- 
taric!. 

TROCHIA,  Orbit. 

TROCHILIA,  Trochlea. 

TROCH IX,  from  rpoxuuv,  '  to  turn.'  Chaussier 

has  given  this  name  to  the  smaller  of  the  tubero- 

:t  the  upper  extremity  of  the  os  humeri; 

because  it  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  rotator 

muscles  of  the  arm, — the  suhscapularis. 

TROCHIN'tAN,    Trochinia'uus.      That   which 

belongs  or  relates  to  the  trocbin. 

TROCHIS'CDS,  Phthnit,  Art  is' cut,  Collir,  Co- 
lix,  Phthois/cot,  lint' ula,  Cyclit'mot,  diminutive 
of  rpo^oj.  'a  wheel.'  A  troeh  or  round  table,  (F.) 
Trochisque.  See  Pastil,  and  Tabella.  A  solid 
medicine,   prepared   of  powders,  incorporated   by 

of  mucilage,  crumb  of  bread,  jui 
plants,  &c.  In  French  nomenclature,  the  fro- 
ehitque  differs  from  the  tablette, — the  former  con- 
taining no  sugar.  This  form  of  preparation  is 
adapted  fur  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  medicines 
of  which  the  troch  is  composed  to  dissolve  slowly 
in  the  mouth,  and  to  pass  gradually  into  tho 
stomach. 

fhc  Parisian  Codex  has  two  formula1  for  troches 
for  external 

Trochisci  Aca'ctab,  Trochee  of  Oum  Ar'ahie. 
5ivj  Aini/ii  x,y,    Succhar.  tt»j.      Make  into 
a  mass  wiili  ro»t  water,  and  form  lozenges. — l'h. 
B.      To  allay  cough. 

HI8C1  Ac"lDI  TARTAR'in,  T 'rochet  of  Tar- 
taric Acid.  {Arid.  Tartar.^}  Sacchar.  gviij  ; 
(//.  Limon.lf^x.     Form  into  i  with   muci- 

lage.—  l'h.  E.J     Refrigerant  «nd  demulcent 

Trochisci  Bkchici  Nigri,  'J',  glyoyrrhisse 
glabra;. 

Tro<  msci  Carboha'tis  Calcis,  '/'.  a  Cretd,  T. 

l'h.  I'.  8.),   r rochet  of  Car' bona  te  of  lime 

or  eh  ilk,  Loteunctfvr  tht  heartburn,  T<:b<.l'l<B  ad 


TROCHISCI  E   CRETA 


932 


TROPIII 


ordo'rem  ventrie'uli  seu  cardial' gica  seu  ad  so- 
darn.  (Cret.  ppt.  giv;  acacia,  in  pulv.  3j j  ;  my- 
rist.  in  pulv.  SJj  ;  sacch.  in  pulv.  3vj.  M.  Form 
into  troches  with  water.)    Antacid  and  absorbent. 

Trochisci  e  Creta,  T.  carbonatis  calcis  —  t. 
Cretan,  T.  carbonatis  calcis. 

Trochisci  seu  Pastil'lt  Emeti'n^e  Pectora'- 
LES,  Pectoral  Lozenges  of  Em'etine.  (Sugar,  £iv; 
emetine,  32  grains.  Form  into  lozenges  of  nine 
grains  each.)     One  is  a  dose. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici,  Escharot'ic  Troches. 
(Hydrarg.  oxytnur.  p.  8;  amyli,  p.  16;  mucilag. 
g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches,  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  laudanum  may  be  added. — Ph.  P.) 
Used  in  foul  ulcers,  to  remove  excrescences,  &c. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici  de  Min'io.  (Oxyd. 
plumbi.  rubr.  p.  16  ;  hydrarg.  oxymur.  p.  32;  mic, 
pants,  p.  128;  aq.  rosce,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  Used 
like  the  last. 

Trochisci  Glycyrrhi'z*:,  T.  G.  Glabra  seu 
JBeeh'ici  nigri,  Liq'uorice  troches,  Black  pectoral 
lozenges.  (Ext.  glyc.  ghibr.,  gum.  acac.  aa  p.  j  ; 
sacch.  purif.  p.  ij.  Dissolve  in  warm  water; 
strain  ;  evaporate,  and  form  into  troches. — Ph.  E.) 
Demulcent.     To  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Glycyrrhi'z^e  cum  O'pio,  T.  G.  et 
opii  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Theba'ici  seu  sedati'vo-bal- 
S'lm'ici  seu  pectora'les  regis  Dano' rum,  Liquorice 
Troches  with  Opium,  Wistar's  Lozenges.  (Opii, 
in  pulv.  ^ss;  ext.  glycyrrhiz.  in  pulv.,  sacchar. 
in  pulv.,  acacia,  in  pulv.,  aa  ^x;  ol.  anisi,  f^j. 
Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Demulcent  and 
anodyne. 

Spitta's  Lozenges  for  coryza,  hoarseness,  and 
sore-throat,  are  composed  as  follows:  —  (Cubeb. 
recent,  in  pulv.  gij  !  extract,  glycyrrhiz.  ^j  ;  my'r- 
oxyl.  >Jj  •  acacia,  <5*v  ;  syrup,  q.  s.  Make  into 
troches  of  ten  grains  each. 

Trochisci  Gummo'si,  Gum  Troches.  (G.  acac 
p.  v;  amyli,  p.  i;  sacch.  pur.  p.  xij.  Make  up 
the  troches  with  rose-water. —  Ph.  E.)  De- 
mulcent. 

Trochis'ci  Ipecacuan'h;e,  Troches  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha. (Tpecacnauh.  in  pulv.  ^ss;  sacchar.  in 
pulv.  ^xiv;  marauta,  in  pulv.  3iv ;  mucilag. 
tragacanth.  q.  s.     Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Trochisci  Lactuca'rii,  Troches  of  Lactuca'- 
rium.  (Prepared  with  Lactucarium  in  the  same 
proportion  and  manner  as  the  opium  lozenges. — 
Ph.  E.)  Each  lozenge  contains  between  the  fifth 
and  sixth  of  a  grain  of  lactucarium. 

Trochisci  Magne'si^e,  Troches  of  Magne'uia. 
(M agues.  ,^iv;  sacchar.  lb  j  ;  myrist.  pulv.  gj  ; 
mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Useful  in  acidity  of  the  stomach,  with 
constipation. 

Trochisci  Mentha  Piperi't^e,  Troches  of 
Peppermint.  (Ol.  menth.  piperit.  f gj  ;  sacchar. 
in  pulv.  R)j ;  mucilag.  tragacanth.ee,  q.  s.  Make 
into  troches.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  carmina- 
tive. 

Trochisci  MoRPn'iyE,  Troches  of  Morph'ia. 
(Morph.  Muriat.  $j  ;  Tinct.  Tolut.  ^ss;  Sacchar. 
^xxv.  Make  into  lozenges,  with  mucilage, 
weighing  15  grains  each. — Ph.  E.)  Each  lozenge 
contains  about  one-fortieth  of  a  grain  of  muriate 
of  morphia.     Used  to  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Morph'i^e  et  Ipecacuan'h^e,  Tro- 
ches of  Morph'ia  and  Ipecacuan'ha.  (Morph. 
mur.  ^j  ;  Ipecac,  pulv.  ^j  ;  Tinct.  Tolut.  f5ss  ; 
Sacchar.  ^xxv.  Make  into  a  mass  with  muci- 
lage, and  form  lozenges,  15  grains  each. — Ph.  E.) 
Each  lozenge  contains  about  one-fortieth  of  a 
grain  of  the  muriate.     Used  to  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Nitra'tis  Potas'sve,  Nitre  Troches. 
(Potasses  nitrat.  p.  j;  sacch.  pur.  p.  iij.  Make 
into  troches  with  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  —  Ph. 
E.)  In  slight  inflammatory  sore-throat  and 
fever. 


Trochisci  Pectorales  Regis  Danorum,  T. 
glycyrrhizae  cum  opio  —  t.  Sedativo-balsamica, 
T.  glycyrrhizae  cum  opio. 

Trochis'ci  Sod,e  Bicarbona'tis,  Troches  of 
Bicar'bonate  of  Soda.  (Soda  bicarb.  ^iv;  sac- 
char. in  pulv.  lb  j  :  mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  To 
be  made  into  a  mass,  and  divided  into  troches, 
each  weighing  ten  grains. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Antacid. 

The  Pastilles  de  Vichy,  Pastilles  digestives 
d'Hauterive-  Vichy,  Pastil' li  digesti'vi  Dareet'ii, 
composed  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  oil  of  pep- 
permint, and  sugar,  are  much  used  in  France/ 
like  the  Vichy  waters,  in  cardialgia,  gout,  and 
lithiasis. 

Trochisci  Stibiati,  Tabellae  antimoniales 
Kunckelii  —  t.  Thebaici,  T.  glycyrrhizae  cum 
opio. 

TROCHISQUE,  Trochiscos. 

TROCH'ITER,  from  Tl;oXaetv,  'to  turn.'  The 
larger  of  the  two  tuberosities  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  os  humeri ;  so  called  because  it  affords 
insertion  to  rotator  muscles. —  Chaussier. 

TROCHITER'IAN,  in  the  language  of  Chaus- 
sier, means  any  thing  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  trochiter. 

TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia,  (F.)  Trochlee  ou 
Troklee.  A  pulley  ;  from  rpo^aetv,  '  to  turn,' — for 
example,  the  articular  surface  at  the  lower  extre- 
mity of  the  os  humeri;  so  called  from  its  forming 
a  kind  of  pulley  on  which  the  ulna  moves,  in 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  forearm.  Also,  the 
cartilaginous  pulley  over  which  the  tendon  of  the 
trochlearis  muscle  passes,  at  the  upper  and  inner 
part  of  the  orbit. 

Trochlea  Labyrinthi,  Cochlea. 

TROCHLEARIS,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROCHLEATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus  su- 
perior oculi  —  t.  Petit,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROCHLEE,  Trochlea. 

TRO'CHOID,  from  TpoXos,  'a  wheel/  and  u8oS, 
'resemblance.'  Trocho'i'des,  Ax'ea  commissu'ra. 
An  articulation,  in  which  one  bone  turns  upon 
another,  like  a  wheel  upon  its  axle;  as  the  Atlo- 
'ido-axoid  articulation. 

TROCHOIDES,  Axea  commissura. 

TROENE,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

TR  OISQ  UA  R  TS,  Trocar. 

TROKANTER,  Trochanter. 

TROKANTERIAN,  Trochanterian. 

TROKANTINIAN,  Trochantinian. 

TROKLEE,  Trochlea. 

TROLLIUS  LAXUS,  T.  America' nus,  Globe 
flower;  Order,  Ranunculacea? ;  indigenous:  has 
the  same  medical  properties  as  the  Ranunculus. 

TROMOMANIA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOS,  see  Paralysis  agitans. 

TROMOSPASMUS,  Tremor. 

TROMPE,  Tuba  — L  d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
tube — t.  de.  Fallope,  Tuba  Fallopiana — t.  Uterine, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 

TROMUS,  Tremor. 

TRONC,  Trunk— t.  Brachial,  Brachial  artery 
—  t.  Basilaire,  Basilary  artery. 

TROP^S'OLUM  MAJUS,  Naslur'tium  Ind'i- 
cum  seu  Peruvia'num,  Acrivi'ola,  Flos  sanguin- 
eus monar'di,  Cardamin'dum  majus,  Car'damum 
majus,  Indian  Cress.  Ord.  Geraniacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Cresson  des 
hides,  Cresson  du  Mexique,  Capucine.  An  anti- 
scorbutic. 

Trop.e'olum  Tubero'suji,  Ulluco.  A  tuberous 
plant,  cultivated  in  the  Sierra,  Peru.  It  is  smaller 
than  the  potato. 

TROPIIALIS,  Colostrum. 

TROPHE,  Aliment,  Cibatio,  Pabulum. 

TROPIII.     Same  etymon  as  Trophy.     In  in- 


TROPHICAL 


0  8  8 


TUBE 


sect?,  the  parts  of  the  mouth   that  are  employed 
in  receiving  and  preparing  the  food. 

TROPHICAL.     Tropl  Trophiqne. 

Same  etymon  ai  Trophy.     Relating  to  nourish- 
ment or  nutrition. 

ii'm  \i.  Nerves.    The  organic  nerves,  or 
□apathetic  system,  have  he. mi 
so  termed,  from  the  belief  that  they  are  concerned 
in  nutrition. 
TROPHIMOS,  Nutrition, 

PHONEURO'SES,  from  rpu^i?,  'nourish- 
ment,' and  neuroeie.     Morbid  conditions  of  the 

-  of  nutrition,  owing  to  modified  nervous 
influence.  —  Hour 

T  ROPHON'OSI,    Tropkonu'ti,  from   - 
'nourishment,'  and  vuaoi,  *a  disease.'    Diseases 
of  nutrition. 

TROPH'Y,  Troph'ia,  rpo&v,  a  suffix  denoting 
'nourishment   or   nutrition  :'    as   in    hypertrophy, 
of  nourishment  or  nutrition.' 

TROPONU'SI,  Morbi  trop'iei,  from  took*,  the 
solstitial  or  tropieal  point  where  the  sun  turns  or 
niters  its  coarse,    and    loixrof.    'a  disease.'     Dis- 
;hat  prevail  in  the  tropics. 

TROSTER,  see  Spirit. 

TROU,  Foramen — f.  Anonym*,  Foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum — t.  Avetigle  on  Borgne,  Cecum  fora- 
men— t.  Borgne  of  the  Medulla  oblongata,  Fora- 
i  of  the  medulla  oblongata  —  t.  de 
Botttl,  Botal  foramen.  Ovale  foramen — t.  I 
antirieur,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen — t.  Bechiri 
.  Lacerum  posterius  foramen  —  t.  Epi- 
ramen — t.  Mentonnier,  Mental 
foramen  —  r.  Optique,  Foramen  opticum — t.  Or- 
bitaire  eupirieur,  Foramen  supra-orbitarium  —  t. 
Orbitaire  tnptrieur,  Orbitar  foramen  superior  — 
t.  Ovale,  Ovale  foramen  —  t.  Bond, petit,  Bpinale 
foramen  —  t.  Soue-wbitaire,  Bee  Suborbitar  canal 
— t.  Soue-pubien,  Obturatorium  foramen — t.  Sphf- 
no-Spineux,  Bpinale  foramen  —  t.  Sue-orbitaire, 
Foramen  supra-orbitarium. 

TROUS  CAROTIDIENS,  CaroUca  foramina 
—  t.  Condyloidiene,  Condyloidea  foramina  —  t.  de 
Conjugation,  Conjagationis  foramina,  see  Verte- 
bra—  t.  Qlfaetife,  Olfactory  foramina  —  t.  lia- 
chidiene,  Spinal  foramina. 

TROUSSE,  Case  (pocket). 

TR0US8E-QALANT,  Cholera  morbus. 

TROUSSEAU,  Fasciculus. 

TROUSSEAUX  ARRIERE-MESEXTE- 
RIQUES  P.),  A  name  given  by  Winslow  to 
the  nervous  plexus  situate  between  the  two  me- 
senteric plexuses,  of  which  it  is  a  dependence, 
and  wbiefa  descends  into  the  pelvis  to  concur  in 
the  formation  of  the  hypogastric  plexus. 

TILTHS.  Lyeoperdon  tuber. 

TRUCK,  we  Medicament. 

TRUCULENTUS,  Homicidal 

TRUDGED  \.  KED,  see  Hump. 

TRUELOVB,  Paris,  Trillium  latifolium. 

TRUFFh    Lyeoperdon  tuber. 

TRUFFLE,  Lyeoperdon  tuber  —  t.  Hart's, 
Elaphomyci  -  granulatus. 

TRULLA, 

TRUMBUS,  Thrombus. 

TRUMPET  CREEPER,  Teooma  radieans— t 
Flower,  Teeoma  radieans  —  t.  Weed,  Eupatorium 
purpureum. 

TRUNCUS,  Trunk. 

TRUNK,   Trnncue,  (F.)  Trone.     The  principal 
part  of  the  body,  to  which  the  limbs  are  articu- 
lated.    The   trunk   has    been  divided  into  three 
parts  :  —  a  enperior,  the  head;  a  middle,  the  tho- 
•:  1   an    inferior,   the  pelvie.     These   three 

-  contain  the  great  splanchnic  cavities. 
They  are  united  by  a  common  *tal/> —  the  verte- 
bral column.     To  the  middle  are  articulated  the 


superior  extremities;   and,   to   the   inferior,   the 
lower  extremities. 

trunk  of  an  artery,  vein,  nerve,  or  lvm- 
phatic,  is  its  largest  part,  which  has  not  yet  given 
oft"  branches.      It  is.  also,   applied   to   the   parent 

:ifter  branches  have  been  sent  (AY. 
TRU88,  from  ,  p.)  tmueeer,  'to  tie  pp.1 
<}i.',<iiiii,  Brachie'rittM,  Braehi'li,  Broehi'rolMm, 
Bracheri'olum,    Ammo,    Hamma,    Subligae'nlum, 
Subligcrtu'ra,  (F.)   llrayer.     A   hernial   bandage 
for  keeping  hernia  reduced.      The  ancient  trusses 
were  inelastic.      They  eonsisted   simply  of  a   pad 
and  strap.      At  the  present  day.  elastic   bai 
are  alone  employed.    They  possess  the  advantage 

of  making  an  equable  and  continuous  pressure  on 

the  aperture  of  the  .-ac  .  and  of  yielding  to  tho 
changes  Of  form  in  the  abdominal  parietes.  Tho 
most  important  part  of  these  bandages  is  a  pine 
of  narrow  steel,  flat,  and  adapted  to  the  shape  of 
the  body.  This  is  the  tpriug,  iF.)  Reeeort,  It 
embraces  the  body  on  the  side  affected;  extends 
from  beyond  the  spine,  and  terminates  opposite 
the  ruptured  part,  by  an  iron  plate  to  which  it  is 
riveted.  The  posterior  surface  of  this  plate  is 
furnished  with  a  convex  ;»'/</.  iF.)  Pelote,  adapted 
in  shape  and  size  to  the  aperture  which  it  1  as  to 
close.  The  spring  is  covered  with  leather,  and  its 
inner  surface  is  padded:  a  strap  extends  from  its 
posterior  extremity  :  passes  round  the  sound  Bide, 
and  is  attached  to  the  plate  of  the  pad.  This 
strap  is  pierced  with  numerous  holes,  which  allow 
the  patient  to  tighten  or  slacken  it  at  p. 
Trusses  have  been  variously  constructed;  and 
different  patents  obtained  for  the  modifications. 
They  all  act  upon  the  above  principle.  Some- 
times thev  have  a  double  pad. 

TRYCrODES,  Feculent. 

TRYPANON,  Trepan. 

TRTPESIS,  Trepanning. 

TRYPSIS.  Friction. 

TSCHERBET,  Sherbet. 

TSHETTIK,  Upas  tieute. 

TSIAXA.  Costus. 

TSJAMPACA,  Micbelia  ehampaea. 

TUBA,  Tube — t.  Aristotclica,  Eustachian  tube 

—  t.  Csca,  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  t.  Uterina,  Tuba 
Fallopiana  —  t.  Yoealis.  Tube,  vocal. 

TUBAL  PREGNANCY,  see  Pregnancy,  tubal 

—  t.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 
TUBE,  Tubn,  Trumpet,  Salpinx,  (F.)  Trompe. 

A  name  given  to  some   parts  which  are  hollow 
and  have  the  shape  of  a  trumpet. 

Tubs,   Alimentary,    Canal,    alimentary  —  t. 
Eustachian,  Eustachian  tube. 

Tubs,  Fallo'piah,  Tuba  Fatlopia'na  sen  FaL 
lopii  sen  nteri'na  sen  cere".  Metrotalpinx,  ffy*'- 
teroealpinx,  Oviduc'tue  mulie'brie,  \  <t*  dt 
muUe'rie,  Duetue  oarieo'eue  sen  Prncei'sus  latera'- 
Mea'ttu  hi  mi  mi' I  in  sen  Sfe'atita  eemina'riue 
u'teri,  O' rid  net.  Vector  canal,  (F.)  Trompe  de 
Futliipe  ou  uterine,  is  a  canal,  floating  in  the  ab- 
domen, and  extending  on  each  side  from  tho 
superior  angles  of  the  uterus  as  far  as  the 
of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis.  They  are  4  or  5  inches 
long.  Near  the  uterus,  they  are  straight  and 
very  narrow;  but,  in  their  course,  they  widen, 
become  tortuous,  and-  terminate  by  a  free,  ex- 
panded, and  fim'briated  extremity  f  called,  also, 
Folia'eeum  omamen'tum,  Moreue  diab'oli,  Jnfan- 
dib'ulum  fen  Digitatio'net  sen  Fim'brja  sen  \r\  ■•- 
ilfcs  seu  Lacin'ia  tuba'rum  Fadlo'pii,  (¥.)  Mm-. 
cettu  frangS,  Pavilion  de  In  train/,'',  Moreean  du 
din/,/..  Within,  the  tubes  are  hollow  and  lined 
by  a  mucous  membrane:  the  tissue  exterior  to 
which  is  spongy  and  erectile.  The  use  of  the 
Fallopian  tubes  is  to  conduct  the  sperm  to  the 
ovarium,  and   the   fecundated   ovum    back    to   tho 

nterus.    They  establish  a  communication  between 
the  cavity  of  tho    peritoneum    and    that   of   the 


TUBER 


93  4 


TUBERCULIZATION 


uterus,  the  abdominal  termination  being  termed 
Ostium  abdomina'le;  the  uterine  Ostium  uteri' - 
num.  When  the  tube  embraces  the  ovary, a  fun- 
nel-shaped cavity — Coral' la  infundibuliform'ia — 

is  formed  at  its  extremity,  into  which  the  ovule 
passes. 

Tube,  Intestinal,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Tube,  (Esoph.vge'al,  Stomach  Tube.  A  long 
gum  tube,  capable  of  being  passed  into 
the  oesophagus  or  stomach. 

Tube,  Pollen,  see  Pollen. 

Tube,  Rectal,  Defeca'tion  tuhe.  An  elastic 
gum  tube,  similar  to  the  last,  which  is  sometimes 
passed  into  the  colon,  to  remove  air  from  that 
intestine,  or  to  enable  enemata  to  be  thrown  up 
into  it. 

Tube,  Stomach,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

Tlbe,  Vocal,  Tuba  voca'lis.  The  part  of  the 
air  passages  above  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the 
larynx,  including  the  passages  through  the  nose 
and  mouth. 

TUBER,  Hump,  Lycoperdon  tuber,  .Tubercle 
— t.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii — t.  Atloido-occipital, 
Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor — t.  Cervinum,  Ela- 
phomyces  granulatus — t.  Cibarium,  Lycoperdon 
tuber. 

Tuber  Cine'reum,  T.  C.  cu7h  Infundib'ulo.  A 
grayish  tubercle,  seen  at  the  base  of  the  brain 
behind  the  commissure  of  the  optic  nerves,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  infundibulum. 

Tiber  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Corpus  callosum. 

Tiber  Frontale,  Frontal  protuberance  —  t. 
Gulosorum,  Lycoperdon  tuber  —  t.  Gutturosum, 
Bronchocele  —  t.  IscJiio-troclianterien,  Quadratus 
femoris — t.  Ischii,  see  Ischiatic — t.  Nigrum,  Ly- 
coperdon tuber  —  t.  Parietale,  see  Parietal  Bones 
— t.  Pellagra,  PelLagra — t.  Tympani,  Promontory 
of  the  tvmpanum. 

TUBER  A  TERRJE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TU'BERCLE,  Tuber'cnlnm,  Tuber,  StrangaV- 
ion,  Stran'galis,  Tuber'culous  depos'it,  (vulg.) 
a  Kernel,  a  Knot,  (F.)  Tubercule.  A  tumour 
in  the  substance  of  organs,  from  the  production 
of  new  matter:  —  sensation  null;  growth  slug- 
gish. In  Pathological  Anatomy,  the  term  is 
generally  given  to  a  species  of  degeneration 
which  consists  of  an  opake  matter,  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour :  this,  in  its  crude  condition,  has  a 
consistence  analogous  to  that  of  concrete  albu- 
men :  it  subsequently  becomes  soft  and  friable, 
and  gradually  acquires  a  consistence  and  appear- 
ance analogous  to  those  of  pus.  Tubercles  may  be 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body:  but  they 
are  most  frequently  observed  in  the  lungs  and 
mesentery.  Pulmonary  tubercles,  Pneumophy'- 
mata,  Tuber'cula  Pulmo'num,  (F.)  Tubercules  pul- 
vionaires,  are  the  cause  of  Tuber'cular  Phthisis. 
Mesenteric  tubercles  are  often  met  with  in  the 
same  affection,  but  particularly  in  Tabes  Jfesen- 
terica.  Laennec  classes  tubercles  among  the 
accidental  tissues,  which  have  no  resemblance  to 
the  natural  tissues,  and  which  never  exist  except 
in  consequence  of  morbid  action.  Others  con- 
sider them  as  a  scrofulous  degeneration.  Brous- 
sais  conceives  that  they  are  produced  exclusively 
by  inflammation  of  the  white  vessels,  whose  ex- 
istence, however,  is  more  than  questionable. 
"When  tubercles  in  any  organ  are  few  in  number, 
they  may  pass  to  the  state  of  permanent  indura- 
tion without  danger  to  the  patient;  but  when 
they  are  very  numerous,  they  usually  cause  se- 
rious mischief.  Dr.  Baron  considers  that  they  are 
produced  by  hydatids.  The  morbid  condition 
which  gives  rise  to  the  development  of  tubercles, 
Tuberculization,  is  termed  Tuberculo'sis,  Jforbus 
tuberculo'sus,  Strumosis  seu  Phymato'sis  pulmo- 
mi/ii,  and  Dyscra'sia  Tuberculo's/i.  Tubercles  are 
seen  of  various  forms, — to  wit,  in  fine  points,  (F.) 
Poussiere   tuberculeuse,  gray  and  yellow  granu- 


lations, miliary  tubercles:  and  gray  and  yellow 
tubercular  masses,  softened,  and  cretaceous. 

Tubercle,  Black,  Melanosis  —  t.  Painful  sub- 
cutaneous, see  Neuroma. 

TUBERCLES  OF  THE  AREOLA,  see  Mam- 
ma. 

Tubercles,  Pearly,  T.  seba'ceous  miliary, 
Foflic'ular  eleva'tions.  Small  collections  of  se- 
baceous matter  in  the  sebaceous  glands  or  ducts, 
often  seen  in  the  thin  skin  of  the  lower  ej 
where  they  sometimes  attain  an  inconvenient 
size. 

Tubercles,  Sebaceous  Miliary.  T.  pearly. 

TUBER'CULA  ARAN'TII,  Cor'pora  seu  Cor- 
pus'cula  Arnn'tii,  Tubercles  of  Arantins  or  Ai  anzi. 
Small  eminences  at  the  middle  part  of  the  convex 
edge  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  and  aorta. 

Tuberci  la  Artiiritica,  Calculi,  arthritic — t. 
Cerebri,  Eneephalophymata — t.  Gonorrhoea,  Go- 
norrhoea impura — t.  Hepatis,  Hepato-ttrumoaie  — 
t.  Intestinoruin,  Enterephymata —  t.  Nervorum 
nodosa,  Ganglions,  nervous  —  t.  Parva  dura;  rr.a- 
tris,  Glandulae  Pacchioni — t.  Peritonaei.  Coelio- 
phymata  —  t.  Pulmonum,  see  Tubercles  (of  the 
lungs) — L  Quadrigemina,  Quadngemiua  Tuber- 
cola. 

TUBER'CULAR,  Tuber'euloua,  Tuberculo'sus, 
Tuber'culate,  Tuber' culated,  (F.)  Tnberculeux, 
Tubercule.  That  which  relates  to  tubercles,  or 
which  is  formed  by  tubercles. 

Tubercular  or  Tuberculous  Constitution 
or  Diathesis,  Phihisio'sis,  is  the  habit  of  body 
which  predisposes  to  tubercular  phthisis  ;  as  Tu- 
berculous Cachex'  ia,  Tuberculo'sis,  JJorbus  tuber- 
culo'sus, Dyscra'sia  tuberculoma,  is  the  condition 
of  one  labouring  under  tuberculosis. 

Tubercular  Matter.  A  morbid  production, 
contained  in  cysts,  or  loose  in  the  tissue  of  or- 
gans. It  varies,  in  its  consistence,  at  the  differ- 
ent periods  of  the  tubercular  affection  :  being,  at 
first,  compact,  and  yellowish;  at  times,  calca- 
reous ;  afterwards  pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and 
curdy.     See  Tubercle. 

Tubercular  Phthisis  is  that  produced  by  the 
development  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. 

Tubercular  Sore  Throat,  Pharyngitis,  folli- 
cular. 

TUBERCULATE,  Tubercular. 

Tuberculate  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'ma  Sarcoma  tnberculo'sum,  Tumor  tubercu- 
losus.  Tubercles,  firm,  round,  and  clustering; 
pea-sized  or  bean-sized;  yellowish  or  brownish- 
red:  when  large,  disposed  to  ulcerate,  and  pro- 
duce a  painful,  malignant,  and  often  fatal  sore. 
Found  chiefly  in  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
neck;  often,  simultaneously,  in  other  glands  and 
organs. 

TUBERCULATED,  Tubercular  —  t.  Liver, 
Cirrhosis. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULES  BIJUJfEAUX,  Quadrige- 
mina tubercula  —  t.  des  Glandes  lymphatiques, 
Scrofula  —  t.  du  Eoie,  ffepatostrumosie  —  t.  des 
Ganglions  Jfesenteriques,  Tabes  mesenterica  — 
t.  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces,  Pharyngitis, 
follicular  —  t.  Miliary,  see  Granulation  —  t. 
Pisi formes,  Mamillary  tubercles — t.  Pulmonaires, 
see  Tubercle — t.  Quadrijumeaux,  Quadrigemina 
corpora. 

TUBERCULEUX,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULI'TIS.  A  word  of  hybrid  forma- 
tion ;  from  tuberculum,  'a  tubercle,'  and  iff*, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  tu- 
bercle or  of  tubercular  masses.  —  Jos.  Frank. 

TUBERCULIZATION,  see  Tubercle. 


TUBERCULOSIS 


T  U  N  A  S 


TUB1  i  Tubercle,  and  Tnbercu- 

bexia—  r.  I.  Phthisis 

h*ryngea —  t.  Pulinonum,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — 

TUBERCULOSUS,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULOUS,  Tubercular— t  Deposit,  Tu- 
•  be  Lungs,  Phthisis  pul- 
i  -  -- 1.  l>n-'.  i 

TUBERCULUM,  diminutive  of  faoer,Tu- 
I 


m  Ctbb'bbuMi  '  A (>b coloured  tuber 
Fntd'ota  eine'rea.     A  mass   of  eineritious     cystis — t.Cysticut 

•   the  top  of  the  calamus  scriptorius,     moides,  Tumour,  fibrous  — 


fungus — t.  Fongolde,  Eneep haloid—  t.  Fongnenect 
Encepbaloid  —  t.  Hentorrhagiale  eirconei  > 
Aneurism  —  t.  Lymphatique  </<<*  articulation*, 
Hydrarthrus —  t.  Oeeioore,  Encepbaloid  —  t.  J'nl- 
Bncepbaloid  —  t.  Spliniforvtc,  Encepba- 
loid— t.  Spongieuee,  Encepbaloid — t.  Variqueuee, 
see  ETssmatodes  fui 

TUMOR,  Swelling,  Tumour— t  Albas,  Bydrar- 
Ihmi — t.  A  in  linn  his.  Haamatodes  fungus— t.  Ann- 
um, Obdormitio — t.  Capitis  Sanguineus,  Cephalsa- 
matoma  —  t.  Carneua,  Sarcoma — t.  Cysticus,  En- 
Hygroma  —  •.  D  »- 
t.  Fibrosus,  Tumour, 


ia   continuous    below    with    the   posterior 
(f  cineritious  substance   in   the  cord,  and 
upon  the  sides  with  the  corpus  recttforme. 

:  •  m     Lacbtmalb,     see    Lachrymal 
I  •         ■    ri,  Lower,  tul>ercle  of. 

tEROSITAS,    Tuberosity  —  t.    Tympani, 
Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

3&ROSITE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  tu- 
|  —  /.  Sii'iii,  atio. 

EROS'ITY,    Tuberotfitae,  (F.)  Tuberoaitt, 
luber,   'a   bump.'     Anatomists    have  .•riven 
me  to  an  eminence  <>r  process,  the  surface 
«.i  which  is  unequal  and  rough  :  and  which  gives  | 
ment  t»  muscles  or  ligaments. 
KS  0  F  F K  R R  E I X.  see  Uri d i rerou a 
!I    MEMBRANACEI,   see  Villous   mein- 
I 

TU'BULAR,   Tubula'rie,   Tubulo'eua,  (F.)  Tu- 
,    Tubidaire.      Same   etymon    ;is   tfa 
Relating  to  or  having  the  form  of  a  small  tube. 
An  epithet  applied  to  glands — Glau'dulm  tubu- 
which,  like  those  of  the  stomach,  have  the 
of  Bin  all  tu 
Tubular  Blowing  Sourd,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory— t.  Neurine,  see  Neurine — t.  Substance  of 
.  see  Kidney. 

::.    Tn'bulue;  diminutive  of  Tuba,  <a 
A  small  tube. 

.  Tubular. 
IULI    BELLINI,    Uriniferous   tubes  —  t. 
Contorti,  see   Uriniferous  tubes — t.  Dursa  matris, 
Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  —  t.  Ferreinii,  E 
;  ua  tubes  —  t.  Nervei,  Nerve  fibres  —  t.  Pel- 

vis renum,  see  Calix — t.  Recti,  see  Rete  testis  and 
Uriniferous   tubes — t.    Seminiferi,    see    Testicle 
B  Testicle — t.  Uriniferi  Bellini, 
Uriniferous  tube*. 

.  Tubular. 
innula  — t  Centralis    Modioli, 
Bee  Tractus  spiralis  foraminulentus. 

JTICUS,  Ear- trumpet  — t.  AH- 
mentarius,  Canal,  alimentary  —  t.  [ntestinoram, 
Canal,  alimentary  — t.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma  — 
t.  Pollinicua,  see  Pollen  —  t.  Yermicuiaris  ca'ci, 
Appendix  vermiformis  ea  ei. 

HO,  Lyeoperdon  tuber. 
TUE-CHIEN,  Colchicuna  autumnale. 

:  BAG'HIA  ALLIA'CEA.     A  South  Afri- 
can  plant,  Nat.  Ord,  Aspbodeless,  the  bulbs  of 
which,  boiled  in  milk,  are  recommended,  in  phthi- 
iii  anthelmintic. 
Tulbaghia  •  AT.  viola' cca,  servo  the 

tame  pun 

TULIP;    CAPE,   Homeria   eollina— L  Tree, 
Lirindendron. 

TULTPIER,  Liriodendron. 
TULIPIFERA   LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden- 
dron tulipifera. 

TUME F ACTIO, Swelling— t  Mollis,  Puffineas. 
TUMESCENTIA    PITUITOSA,  Leueophleg- 

matia. 

TUMEUR,  Tumour  —  t.  Anomafe,  see  Ssema- 

is  —  t.  Blanche,  Hydrarthrus  —  t.  Co- 

tnatodes    fungus  —  t.  Enctpha- 

lu'ide,  Enoep haloid  —  t.  Erectile,  see  nematodes 


fibrous  —  t.  Ficosus,  Ficus  —  t.  Flatulentus,  Em- 
physema—  t.  Fugax,  see  Fugacious — t.  Fungo- 
sub  articuli,  Spina  ventosa  —  t.  Fungosus  sangui- 
neus, Hsomatodes  fungus — t.  Gangliforn  is, 
glion,  nervous — t.  (ienarum.  Melon  CUE — 
albus,  Genocace — t.  Glandules  parotidesa,  Paroti- 
doncus  —  t.  Lacteus,  Qalaetocele  —  t.  Lardeup, 
Steatoma  —  t.  Malarum,  Meloncua  —  t.  Ovarii, 
Oarionens  —  t.  Parotidis,  Parotidoneos  —  t.  Pro- 
stata, Prostatoncua — t.  Renalis,  Nepbroncua — t. 
Sanguineus,  rJsematoma — t.  Squamiformis  carno- 
sus,  Lepidosarootna —  t.  Tuberculnsus,  Tuberrn- 
late  sarcoma  —  t.  Tunicatus,  Eneystis  —  t.  I  teri, 
Hysteroncus. 

TUMOUR, from  rameo,  'I swell ;'  Tumor,  On™*, 
Oni-iih.  Epar,ma,Eparaia,  Emphy'ma,Excri  act  n'tin 
(Sauvages),  Ecphy'ma,  (Sc.  I  SvoaJme,  i  F.  i  Tumenr, 
A  rising  or  prominence,  of  greater  or  less  si'/e, 
developed  by  a  morbific  cause  in  some  part  of  the 
body.  Cullen  defines  a  tumour  to  be  "  a  partial 
swelling  without,  inflammation."  Sauva 
Btriots  the  term  to  a  rising  formed  by  the  i 
tion  of  a  fluid;  and  be  calls  excreacencee  those 
which  have  a  fle8by  or  osseous  consistence.  Boyer 
defines  it  "  any  preternatural  eminence  developed 
on  any  part  of  the  body."  Good  uses  it  Bynony- 
mously  with  tubercle.     Boyer's  is  the  best  gene- 


ral definition.  Tumours  differ  greatly  from  each 
other:  according  to  their  seat,  the  organs  inte- 
rested, their  nature.  Ac. 

The  French  use  the  term  Tumenr  blanche  sy- 
nonymously with  White  Swelling; — see  Hydrar- 
thrus. The  term  is,  however,  applied  by  the 
generality  of  surgeons  to  Bwellinga  of  the  greater 
joints,  without  change  of  colour  of  the  skin,  and 
of  a  more  or  less  firm  consistence,  which  are  de- 
pendent upon  disease  of  the  osseous  or  of  the  soft 
parts  about  the  joint. 

Scrofula  is  the  most  common  cause  of  these 
affections. 

Tumour,  Cbi.lulo-Fibbous,  Tumour  fibro-cel- 
lular  —  t.  Epithelial,  see  Epithelial. 

Tumour,  FiKim-Cri.'i.i  lab,  Celtnlo-fibrona  tu. 
moitr.  A  soft  and  elastic  form  of  fibrous  tumour, 
a  variety  of  the  gelatinona eareoma  of  Rokitansky , 
of  which  the  softer  kind  of  polypus  of  the  nose  is 
an  example. 

Tumour,  Erbc'ttlb.  A  tumour  produced  by 
the  development  of  a  soft,  vascular  tisane,  Which 
IS  BUaeeptible  of  elevation  and  depression.  See 
Erectile. 

TUMOUR,  FrBRO-PXASTIO,  Sarcoma. 

Ti  hour,  Fibrous,  Fibrona  growth,  Fibro'ma, 
Fibroid,  Ino'ma,  Tumor  fibro'tue  sen  deamdlde*, 
Tnohylo'ma,  A  tumour  or  growth  formed  of 
fibrous  tissue. 

Tumour,  Lamtkatru  Naorroui  Fatty,  Cho- 
lesteatoma— t.  Milk-like,  Encepbaloid  —  t.  Phan- 
tom, see  Fantom. 

Tumour,    Var'icobr,    Tumor    varico'»u».     A 
circumscribed,  bluish  tumour,  formed  by  the  dila- 
tation and  turgescence  of  the  Capillary  \    - 
a  part. 

Tumour,  Vascular,  see  Uaemorrhois  and 
Nsdvus. 

TUNAS,  see  Cactus  opuntia. 


TUNBRIDGE 


36 


TURNING 


TUNBRIDGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    A 

celebrated  acidulous  chalybeate  in  Kent,  England, 
a  few  miles  distant  from  the  village  of  Tunbridge, 
and  thirty-six  miles  south  of  London,  which  is 
much  frequented.  It  contains  carbonic  acid,  car- 
bonate of  iron,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

TUNDA  OCULI,  Conjunctiva  membrana. 

TUNDUS  CORDIS,  Macro  cordis. 

TUNIC,  Tu'nica,  Chi' ton,  a  coat.  An  enve- 
lope. A  name  given  to  different  membranes, 
which  envelop  organs  ;  as  the  tunics  or  coats  of 
the  eye,  stomach,  bladder,  Ac. 

TUNICA  ACINALIS,  Uvea  — t.  Aciniformis, 
Uvea  —  t.  Acinosa,  Uvea  —  t.  Adnata,  Conjunc- 
tiva— t.  Adventitia,  see  Artery — t.  Agnata,  Con- 
junctiva—  t.  Albaoculi,  Sclerotic — t.  Albuginea, 
Albuginea,  see  Kidney — t.  Albuginea  oculi,  Scle- 
rotic—  t.  Allantoides,  Allantois  —  t.  Arachnodes, 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Aranea,  Arachnoid 
membrane — t.  Caduca,  Decidua — t.  Candida  oculi, 
Sclerotic  —  t.  Carnosa,  Panniculus  carnosus  —  t. 
Cellularis,  see  Artery — t.  Conjunctiva,  Conjunc- 
tiva— t.  Costalis,  Pleura  —  t.  Crassa,  Decidua — t. 
Crystallina,  Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Dartos, 
see  Dartos — t.  Dura  oculi,  Sclerotic — t.  Durior  et 
crassa,  Sclerotic — t.  Elastica,  see  Artery — t.  Ely- 
troides,  Vaginalis  tunica — t.  Erythroides,  Cre- 
jnaster — t.  Exterior  ovi,  Decidua — t.  Externa,  see 
Artery — t.  Extima  oculi,  Sclerotic — t.  Farcimina- 
lis,  Allantois  —  t.  Fibrosa,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— t.  Filamentosa,  Decidua — t.  Glabra,  see  Artery. 

Tunica  Granulo'sa.  An  investment  of  the 
ovum  exterior  to  the  zona  pellucida,  described  by 
Dr.  Barry,  but  the  existence  of  which,  as  a  struc- 
ture, distinct  and  independent  from  the  membrana 
granulosa,  is  denied. 

Tunica  Hortensis,  Dianthus  caryophyllus  — 
t.  Innominata  oculi,  Sclerotic  —  t.  Interna  oculi, 
Retina — t.  Intitna,  see  Artery. 

Tunica  Jaco'bi,  Jlembra'na  Jaco'bi,  Jacob's 
coat  or  membrane.  A  highly  delicate  serous 
membrane,  interposed  between  the  retina  and 
the  choroid  coat,  discovered  by  Dr.  Jacob,  of 
Dublin.  Its  structure  is  curious,  being  composed 
of  cylindrical,  transparent,  highly  refractive  staff- 
shaped  bodies,  and  hence  called  Stratum  baci/lo'- 
rttm  seu  bacilla'tum,  Ba'cillar  layer  of  the  retina, 
■which  are  arranged  perpendicularly  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  retina,  their  outer  extremities  being 
imbedded,  to  a  greater  or  less  depth,  in  a  layer 
of  the  pigmentum  nigrum. 

Tunica  Media,  see  Artery  —  t.  Muscularis, 
Dartos  —  t.  Nervea  oculi,  Retina  —  t.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma  —  t.  Perforata,  Uvea  —  t.  Praetensa 
abdominis,  Peritonaeum  —  t.  Propria,  see  Kid- 
ney —  t.  Reticularis,  Retina  —  t.  Retiformis, 
Retina  —  t.  Rhagoides,  Choroidea  tunica,  Uvea 
—  t.  Rubicunda  scroti,  Dartos  —  t.  Rubra, 
Dianthus  caryophyllus  —  t.  Ruyschiana,  see 
Choroid  —  t.  Subcostalis,  Pleura  —  t.  Thoracis, 
Corset  —  t.  Uvalis,  Uvea  —  t.  Uvea,  Uvea  — 
t.  Uviformis,  Uvea  —  t.  Vaginalis,  see  Vaginal — 
t.  Vaginalis  Linguae,  see  Tongue  —  t.  Vaginalis 
Propria,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t.  Vagi- 
nalis reflexa,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t. 
Vaginalis  testis,  see  Testicle — t.  Vasculosa  oculi, 
Choroid,  see  Eye. 

Tunica  Vasculo'sa  Testis,  Pia  mater  testis. 
An  extremely  delicate  membrane,  consisting  of 
minute  ramifications  of  the  spermatic  vessels 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  which  separates  the 
lobules  of  the  testis  from  each  other.  It  is  situ- 
ate immediately  within  the  tunica  albuginea,  and 
encloses  the  substance  of  the  gland.  It  sends 
processes  inward  that  separate  the  lobules,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  pia  mater  is  reflected  between 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

Tunica  Vitrea,  Hyaloid  membrane. 

TUNICULA,  Clitoris. 


TUNIQUE  ALBUGINEE,  Albuginea  —  t. 
Commune  de  Biehat,  Endangium. 

TUN'NELLING.  A  term,  sometimes  em- 
ployed for  the  treatment  of  stricture  of  the  urethra, 
by  making  pressure  upon  it  from  within  so  as  to 
promote  its  removal  by  absorption. 

TUNNYFISH,  SALTED,  Omotarichos. 

TUPHLO-ENTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TUPHUS,  Typhus. 

TU  PIN  ARIA.  Talpa. 

TURBA  HEMORRHOID ALIS,  see  Haemor- 
rhois. 

TURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

TURBINATED  BONES,  Ossa  turbina'ta. 
Bones  shaped  like  a  top;  from  turbo,  turbinis  or 
turben,  'atop;'  Ossa  spongio'sa,  0.  ter'tia  max- 
illa? super io' ris,  Cornua,  Conchce  na'riura  seu 
ven'eris,  Tur'bines  nasi  seu  na'rium,  Conchy  Via, 
Bucci'na,  Lam'inae  spougio'sce  nasi,  (F.)  Cornets. 
Very  thin,  bony  plates,  rolled  up  in  the  form  of 
horns,  and  situate  in  the  nasal  fossa.  1.  Os  spon- 
giosum supe'rius  or  Cornet  de  Morgagni  ; —  the 
highest.  2.  Os  spongiosum  me'dium,  the  middle 
comu  of  French  anatomists, — the  ethmoid' al  cornu 
or  Os  spongiosum  superius  seu  tu?-binatum,  of 
English  anatomists,  Os  convolu'tum  superius, 
Concha,  C.  na'rium  superior  seu  Jforgagnia'nu, 
(F.)  Cornet  moyen.  This  bone  projects  inwards 
and  downwards  into  the  cavity  of  the  nose,  from 
the  ethmoid  cells  at  the  side  of  the  nasal  lamella, 
and  serves  to  enlarge  the  organ  of  smell.  It  is 
convex  towards  the  septum,  and  concave  out- 
wards. 3.  Os  spongiosum  seu  turbinatum  infer ius, 
Concha  inferior,  Convolu'tum  inferius  os,  Os  sous- 
ethmo'idal  (Ch.),  projects  at  the  under  part  of  the 
side  of  the  nose,  is  convex  towards  the  septum, 
and  concave  outwards.  It  is  connected  to  the 
os  maxillare,  os  palati,  and  os  unguis.  4.  Sphe- 
noid'al  cornu. 

All  the  turbinated  bones  extend  the  olfactory 
surface. 

TURBINES  NASI  seu  NARIUM,  Turbinated 
bones. 

TURBITH  BLANC,  Globularia  alypum  —  t. 
Mineral,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  t.  Montpel- 
lier.  Globularia  alypum — t.  Noir,  see  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  cinereum  —  t.  Plant,  Convolvulus  tur- 
pethura. 

TURBO  CEREBRI,  Pineal  gland. 

TURGENTIA,  Turgescence. 

TURGES'CENCE,  Turges'cency,  Turgid' ity, 
Tur'gidness,  Turgescen'tia,  Turgen'tia,  Orgas'mns, 
from  turgpscere,  'to  begin  to  swell,'  turgere,  'to 
swell.'  Superabundance  of  humours  in  a  part. 
The  term  Turgescence  of  Bile  was  formerly  used 
to  denote  the  passage  of  that  fluid  into  the  sto- 
mach, and  its  discharge  by  vomiting.  A  vital 
action  of  turgescence  or  expansibility  —  Turgor 
vita' lis  —  has  been  presumed  to  exist  in  certain 
organs,  as  in  the  capillaries;  but  the  generality 
of  physiologists  do  not  admit  it. 

TURGESCENTIA,  Turgescence. 

Turgesckn'tia  Vesic'uljE  Fexl'e.*:,  Asci'tes 
Hep'ato-cys'ticus,  Physco'nia  seu  Cystoce'le  bili- 
o'sa.  Hepatal'gia  Petitia'na,  Hydrocholecys'tis, 
Hydrops  vesi'cce  fell'ece,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  la 
Vesicule  du  Fiel,  Distension  de  la  Vesicule  du 
Fiel,  Cholicystiectasie.  Distension  of  the  gall- 
bladder by  bile. 

TURGIDITY,  Turgescence. 

TURGIDNESS,  Turgescence. 

TURGOR  VITALIS,  see  Turgescence. 

TURMERIC,  Curcuma  longa,  Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 

TURN  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

TURNING,  Versio,  from  (F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.' 
(F.)  Version. 

Versio   Foetus.     The   operation   of  bringing 


TURNIP 


TYMPAXITA 


down  the  feet,  or  some  part  of  the  lower  extremity, 
when  the  presentation  of  the  ohild  is  Bucta  that 
it  cannot  be  delirered  by  the  natural  efforts. 

TURNIP,   Brassies   rape  —  t.   Dragon,  Arum 
triphyllum — t.    Indian,    Arum    triphylluin —  t. 
r,  Arum  triphvllum. 

TURNS,  M 

TURPENTINE,  Terebinthina— i  Bordeaux, 
see  Pinna  sylveetris — t.  Brianeon,  see  Pinuscem- 
bni  —  ;  Pistacia  terebinthua —  t.  Com- 

mon, see  Pinna  Bylvestrie — t.  Common]  American, 
lylveatria  —  t.   Cyprus,    Bee    Pistacia 
terebinthua — t.  Damarra,  see  Pinna  damsrra  —  t. 
Doinb<  las  —  t.  II 

\ ivestris  —  t.  Strasburg,  see  Pinna  pieea. 

Turpbntinb  Trbb,  Pistaeis  terebinthua. 

Tnai  Pinna  lariz — t.  Ve- 

nice, ti  Miia  terebinthua — t.  White,  see 

Pinna  bj  Ivestris. 

TURPETHUM,  Convolvulus  turpethum  —  t 
Minerale,  Hydra  rgyrus  vitriolatua —  t.  Nigrum, 
Hydrargyri  oxydnm  einereum. 

TURQUETTE,  Herniaria  glabra, 

TURQUOISE.  This  Btone  has  been  long  im- 
agined to  change  its  colour,  according  as  the 
•rearer  is  at  the  time  in  good  or  bad  health:  — 
a  superstitious  notion. 

TURTLE  BLOOM,  Chelone  glabra— t  Green, 
Chelonia  mydaa  —  t.  Head,  Chelone  glabra. 

TURUNDA,  Tent. 

TIKI  .VICE  [TAL'ICJB.  Pastes  made  of 
the  finest  and  most  glutinous  wheat  —  known 
under  the  namea  of  Maccaroni,  Vermicelli  aud 
Italian  or  Cagliari 

TURUNDULA,  Tent 

TUSCARORA  ACID  SPRING,  see  Canada, 
mineral  waters  of. 

Ti'  3S  LCA  RETICULATA,  Goodyera  pubes- 
eens. 

TUSSEDO,  T ;:- 

TUSSICULA,  Tussia. 

TUSSIl  TI.  Ui.     Ttui'cHla'ri;    Tmseiculo'iue, 
tninutire  of  tneeie,  '•  cough.'     Relating 
to  a  COUgh.  or  to  a  slight  COUgh. 

TUSSICULOSUS,  Tussioular. 
TUSSIL  i'QO,  T.  Far'farn  sen  mdga'rie,  from 
•a   cough,'    which   it    relieves:    Be'chium, 
Be'ehion,  Cal'ceum  equi'num,  Ohamadeu'ee, 
muBgei'ron,  Fil'iut  ante  patrem,  Farfarel'la,  Gal- 
chue,   Farfara,    /'.    Be'ehium,    Un'gula  ca- 
hnlli'na,    Coltefoot,    Foal-foot,    (F.)    Pat    cP&ne, 
!.■  Saint-Quirin.      Ord.  Composites. 

mia    Polygamia   SuperAaa.     It  is 
rant,  and  has  been  nseil 
jhs,  and  pulmonary  affectiona  in  general, 
and  in  some  cntaneoua  diseai 

Tussilago  Faukaka,  Tussilago  —  t.  Hybrida, 
T.  pet  . 

1     38ILAG0    Pktasi'tes,    T.   hy'brida    sou   pe- 

hermaphrodi'ta,    Petaeitee,    P.    major  sen 

Jicina'lit  seu  hy'bridut  sen  oulga'ria, 

t-wort.    The  roots  of  this  plant 

have  1 ti  recommended  aa  aperient  and  alexi- 

pharmic.     They  1   ,  g  smell:  and  a  b  '- 

terish,  acrid  taste,  of  the  aromatic  kind,  but  not 
Me. 
ILAGO      PBTASITBS      HBRVAPHBODITA,     T. 

•  -  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Tussilago. 

TUSSIS  —diminutive,    Tueaic'ula;    H^/ma, 

Jifx,    '/'n--> '■/".    Bert's,     Tuetit    nervo'ta,    Catar1- 

rhue,   Pneueit    Tumrie,   Cough,    Coughing,   (Prov.) 

//.-/.  //.  at,  Hbiet,    !•'. .  Torn*.     A  rio- 

norous,  Frequent,  and  short  expiration,  by 

of    which    the   air,    in    passing    rapidly 

through  the  l.ronchia  and    trachea,  carries   along 

with  it  the  muoua  of  the  parts,  irbiefa  forms  the 
Sputa.  Tiie  eougfa  is  said  to  he  dry,  when  unac- 
companied  by  expeotorstion.     It  is  eymptomatio 

of  many  diseases.     See  Bronchitis. 


Tussn  Ami'iii:mkimn a.  PeVtussU  —  L  Asinina, 

Bron- 
chitis— t.  Canina,  Pertussia  —  t.  Catarrhal  i 

I  itarrh  —  t.  Clamosa,  Pertussis  — t  Clan- 
gosa,  Pertussis  —  t.  ConrolsiYa,  Pertussia  —  t. 
ms,  Pertussia  —  t.  Perina,  Pertussia  —  t. 
Pueros  strangulans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Quinta,  Per- 
ilis,  Bronchitis  (chronic i  —  t.  Spas- 
modiea,  Pertussia  —  t.  Stomscbalis,  Pertui 
t.  Suffocans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Suffooativa,  Pertussis 
—  t.  I 

TUSSIVEj  rueei'vtuj  from  tueeie,  'cough.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  cough  : — as  (iimiw  vibra- 
tion :  the  ribration  of  the  parietee  of  the  chest* 
caused  by  coughing. 

TUTAM'INA,  pi.  of  Tutamen,  'a  defence," a 
protection,'  from  tutare,  '  to  defend.'     Parts  are 
so  called  which  defend  or  protect  each  other. 
Titamina     Cbk'bBRI    are    the    scalp.    pericra- 

nium,  bones  of  the  skull,  and  the  mening 

TtXTAMIBA    O.  'in    are    the    eyebrows,   eyelids, 
and  lachrymal  apparatus. 
TUTENAG,    Zineum. 

TUTHIA,  Tutia. 

TU'TIA,  Pom'pholifT,  Cad  mi' a,  Atfaea,  Jfc 
terOf  Capni'tie,  Tuthia,  Ox'ydum  zinei  impu'mm. 
The  OZydoflinc  that  attaches  itself  to  the  chim- 

neya  of  furnace-  in  which  ores  of  zinc  are  smelted. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  gray  incrustations;  and  is 
sometimes  used  for  making  an  eye-salve.  It  is 
prepared,  for  this  purpose,  hy  levigatioii. 

TUTTERING,  Stuttering. 

TWIGG'fi   II  Mil  DYE,  see-Hair  dye. 

TWIN,  Gemellus. 

TWINGE,  see  Pain. 

TWINKLING   OF  THE  EYE,  Nictation. 

TWINLEAP,  COMMON,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni 

TWIN  root.  Orchis. 

TWINS.  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang 
and  Eng,  connected  by  means  of  a  ligamentous 
band  passing  from  the  epigastrium  of  one  to  that 
of  the  other,  who  were  exhibited  in  various  parts 
of  Europe  and  America,  about  the  year  1830. 
They  have  lived  in  North  Carolina,  are  married, 
and  have  children.     See  Xiphopages. 

TWITCH-CRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

TWITCHING,  Tic. 

TYCHTCA.  from  tv^v,  'accident.'  Fortuitous 
lesions  or  deformities.  The  7th  class  of  Good's 
Nosology. 

TYEE.  Callosity. 

TYLOMA,  Callosity. 

TYLOPH'ORA  ASTHMAT'ICA,  AteU'piae 
ntthmat'ica,  Cy nan' chum  fpecacuan'ha  seu  oomi- 
to'rium  seu  oiridifio'rum  seu  tomento'eum,  Ipeca- 
cuanha of  the  f*/>-  of  France,  (F.)  Ipecacuanha 
blanc  '/'■  I'lli  de  France.  Order,  AsclepiadaceaB. 
A  native  of  various  parts  of  the  East  Indies,  both 
of  the  continent  ami  islands.  The  root  IS 
and  is  used  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  ipecacuanha.  In  large  doses,  it  is 
emetic;  in  smaller,  often  repeated,  it  is  cathartic. 
It  is  recommended,  also,  as  a  diaphoretic,  and 
especially  in  humeral  asthma. 

TYLOSIS.  Callosity. 

TYLUS,  Callosity. 

TV. MM  A.  Woun  I. 
TYMPAN,  Tympanum. 

rI  YMI'  \\  \b.  Tympanic. 
TYMPANAL,  Cadre  </><  tympan. 

TYMP  WIA.  Tympanites. 

TYMPANIAS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANIC,  Tympan'ieut,  Tym'panal,  (F.) 
Tympaniqne)  same  etymon  as  Tympanum.  Re- 
lating  to  the  tympanum,  as  'tympanic  canal.' 

TTMPAB1C  NBRVB,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

TYMPANIQUE,  Tympanic. 

TYMPANITA,  Tympanites. 


TYMPAXITE 


938 


TYPHOUS 


TYMPA XTTE.  Tympanites. 
TYMPANI'TES,  Emphyse'ma  seu  Pneumato'- 
sis  Abdom'inis,  Hydrops  Tympanites,  Affec'tio 
tympaitit'ica,  Eetympano'sis,  Hydrops  abdominis 
aer<  ns,  Aero'sis,  Aero-enterecta'sia,  Aerenterec- 
Ut'sia,  Enteraerecta'sia,  Physocae'lia,  Tympano'- 
sis,  Physe'ma,  Physe'sis,  Hydrops  siccus  et  flatu- 
lentus,  Tympa'nia,  Tympa'nias,  Tympani'ta,  Tym- 
pani'tis,  Emphyse'ma  Tympanites,  E.  Tympanit'- 
tcM/n,  Meteorism'us,  Tym' puny,  Me'teorism,  11  md 
dropsy,  (F.)  Tympanite,  Pnenmatnse  peritoneale, 
Ballonnement,  from  rvumvov,  'a  dram;'  so  called 
because  the  abdomen  is  distended  with  wind,  and 
sounds  like  a  drum  when  struck.  A  swelling  of 
the  abdomen,  caused  by  accumulation  of  air  in 
the  intestinal  tube  or  in  the  peritoneum.  Tym- 
panites may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The 
former  depends  upon  exhalation  of  air  from  the 
inner  surface  of  the  intestine,  or  from  the  decom- 
position of  substances  contained  in  it;  the  latter 
is  the  result  of  ;?ome  organic  affection,  and  often 
depends  upon  obliteration  of  the  digestive  tube, 
which  prevents  the  gas  from  escaping.  Idiopa- 
thic tympanites  maybe  more  readily  cured.  The 
symptomatic  is  usually  fatal.  On  dissection  in 
such  case?,  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  found 
enormously  distended;  with  strangulation  or 
disorganization  of  some  part  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  intestine.  Carminatives  may  be 
proper  when  tympanites  depends^upon  atony  of 
the  digestive  organs:  but,  in  cases  of  the  symp- 
tomatic kind,  they  cannot  be  productive  of  ad- 
vantage, and  may  do  harm. 

Sometimes  the  air  is  contained  in  the  cavity 
of  the  peritoneum — constituting  Tympani'tes  ab- 
domina'lis,  Aeroperitonie,  of  some: — the  accumu- 
lation in  the  intestines  being  called  Tympani'tes 
intest  ina'lis. 

Tympanites,  Uterine,  Physometra. 
TYMPANI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  tym'pani;  from 
Ti'ixiravov,  'a  drum,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  middle  ear.  Also,  tympanites. 
TTMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 
TYM'PANUM,  Tvuzavov,  '  a  drum.'  The  Drum 
or  barrel  of  the  ear.  The  names  Cavity  of  the 
Tympanum  or  of  the  Drum,  Cav'itas'aeu  Cavtim 
Tym'pani,  Antrum  seu  cavitas  antro'sa  Anris, 
(F.)  Tympan,  Cavite  du  tym  pan,  Gaisse  du  tam- 
bour ou  du  Tympan — have  been  given  to  a  cavity 
of  an  irregular  shape,  which  constitutes  the  mid- 
dle ear,  and  has  been  compared  to  a  drum.  It  is 
situate  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone, 
between  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  and  the 
labyrinth.  This  cavity  is  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane;  and  communicates,  externally,  by 
means  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  which  is  situate 
between  it  and  the  pharynx.  The  tympanum 
has  six  parietes.  1.  An  external,  which  is  almost 
entirely  formed  of  the  Membrane  of  the  Drum, 
Membra' na  tym'pani,  Diaphrag'ma  seu  Mediasti'- 
num  seu  Tcgnmen'tum  auris,  Jfyrin'ga,  Jfyrin.r, 
(F.)  Membrane  du  tympan  —  a  species  of  thin, 
transparent,  circular  septum  ;  convex  within,  and 
concave  without,  which  closes  the  inner  extremity 
of  the  meatus  auditorius.  2.  An  internal,  on 
which  are  the  Fenes'tra  ova'lis,  Prom'ontory,  and 
Fora'men  rotun'dum.  3.  A  superior.  4.  An  in- 
ferior, on  which  is  the  glenoid  fissure.  5.  A  pos- 
terior, on  which  are  the  opening  of  the  mastoid 
cells,  and  the  pyramid.  6.  An  anterior,  on  which 
are  the  Processus  cochlea  form' is  and  the  inner 
orifice  of  the  Eustachian  tube.  The  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  is  "crossed*  by  a  series  of  four  small 
bones,  articulated  with  each  other  by  diarthrosis, 
moved  by  certain  muscles,  and  representing  a 
kind  of  bent  lever  extending  from  the  membrana 
tympani  to  the  fenestra  ovalis.     They  are  called 


the   Bones   or   Ossicles  of  the  Ear,  and  are   the 
malleus,  incus,  os  orbiculare,  and  stapes. 

For  the  nervous  plexus  of  the  tympanum,  see 
Petrosal  Ganglion,  and  Otic  Ganglion. 

Tympanum  Minus,  see  Fenestra  —  t.  Secunda- 
rium,  see  Fenestra. 

TYMPANY,  Tympanites  — t.  of  the  Womb, 
Physometra. 

TYPE,  Typus,  Periodus  morbi,  from  tvzos,  'a 
stamp,'  itself  from  tvtttu,  'I  strike.'  The  type  is 
the  order  in  which  the  symptoms  of  a  disease  ex- 
hibit themselves,  and  succeed  each  other.  It 
may  be  continued,  intermittent,  or  remittent. 

TYPHA  ANGUSTIFOLIA  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as 

Typha  Aromatica,  Acorus  calamus,  and 
Typha  Latifolia.  (rt<pos,  'a  marsh,'  [?j  ).  Cat- 
tail Reed  mace,  Bulls-egg,  (F. )  Massette,  Masse 
ou  Quenouille  d'Eau.  A  plant  common  in 
marshes  and  ponds,  in  this  country  and  Europe. 
Ord.  Typhaceae.  Se.r.  Syst.  Moncecia  triandria. 
Its  roots  have  been  used  in  dysentery  and  blen- 
norhagia.  The  young  shoots,  before  they  reach 
the  surface  of  the  water,  when  boiled,  taste  like 
asparagus. 

The  down,  (F.)  Aigrette,  Poils,  which  accom- 
panies the  flowers,  has  been  applied  to  burns  like 
cotton. 

TYPHICUS,  Tvphoid. 
TYPHIQUE,  Typhoid,  Typhus. 
TYPHLITIS.  Tvphlo-enteritis. 
TYPHEO-EXTERI'TIS,  Tuphlo-enteritis,  Ty- 
phli'tis,  Typhloteri'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Ca?ci,  Phleg- 
monous Tumour  of  the  Ca>cum,  (F.)  Inflammation 
du  Caecum,  Ccecite  (Piorry);  from  rvfyXog,  ccecus, 
and   enteritis,   'inflammation    of  the   intestines.' 
Inflammation  of  the  caecum,  occasionally  leading 
to  perforative  ulceration. 

TYPHLOEXTERUM,  Cjecum. 
TYP11L0PS,  Ca?cus. 
TYPHLOSTS.  Cseeitas. 
TYPHLOTERITIS.  Tvphlo-enteritis. 
TYPHLOTERON  MONOCOLON,  Caecum. 
TYPHLOTERUM,  Caacmn. 
TYPHLOTES.  Caecitas. 
TYPHODES,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOEMIE  EXTERIQUE,  see  Typhus. 
TYPHOHiEMIA,  see  Putrefaction. 
TY^PHOID,  Typhoides,  Typho'des,  (tv^^s, 
'stupefied,')  Ty'phicus,  Typho'sus,  Lac't.ica,  (F.) 
Typhiqne,  Typhoide,  Typhode.  From  typhus, 
and  abos,  'resemblance.'  Appertaining  to  or  re- 
sembling typhus:  as  Typhoid  Fever.  Also,  ac- 
cording to  some,  Typhous  Fever,  typhus.  Fuchs 
has  employed  the  word  Typhoide  for  a  family  of 
diseases,  to  distinguish  them  from  Phlogoses  ;  of 
this  family,  Stomacaee,  Pharyngocace,  and  Pneu- 
mocace  are  examples. 

Typhoid  Affection,  see  Typhus  —  t.  Fever  of 
India,  Cholera. 

TY'PHOMA'NIA,  from  Tvd>os,  'stupor.'  and 
fiavta,  '  delirium.'  Delirium  with  stupor,  Subde- 
lir'ium.  The  kind  of  delirium  common  in 
typhus. 

Typhomania,  Coma  vigil,  Insomnia. 
TYPHONIA,  Coma  vigil. 
TYPHOSEPSES,  Typhoseptoses. 
TYPHOSEPTO'SES,  Typhosep'ses.  from  rvcpes, 
and  crnj.i^.  'putrefaction.'     Typhous  affections. 
TYPHOSUS,  Typhoid. 

TYTPHOUS.  Typho'sus,  (F.)  Typhiqne.  Same 
etymon  as  Typhus.  Belonging  or  relating  to 
typhus. 

Typhous  Depos'it.     A  peculiar  substance  of 
new  formation  found  in  the  areolar  membrane, 
between   the  mucous  and  muscular  coats  of  the 
patches  of  Peyer  in  typhoid  fever. 
Typhous  Fever,  see  Typhoid. 


t  y  r . 


T  Y  R  I A 


TTPl 

■  an  Beu  adyuai  i  /''.'/'■"• 

(F. ),/'.  ou  adyunmi- 

ixiijite,     Tjf  ' 

A   fever  I    y  small,  weak, 

equal,   but  usually   frequent  pulse,   with 
great  prostration  ol   -  .  and  muefa  » 

disturbance:  its  duration   being  aawally  from  ■ 
three  weeks  or  longer.     It 

.    ritfa    great   eerebral 

n  and  prostration.     3    il     rer.)    By  moat 

ne  has   been  divided  into  two 

varieties — the  Typhus  wifturand  Typhus  gravior. 

TTPHI  *  Ml  sell    UerVO '■ 

Fe'bris   hn  sen   pu'trida 

m,  /<  '  chrop'- 
.    \         ,         .     •  / 

. 
shiveri  >  dous  beadac 

I  ■  expi     sion  of  anxiety,  nausea, 

mdency,  and  eoma  or  quiet  delirium. 
Ttphus  Qra'vior  sea  oar'cerum  sen  eoi 

■  \mpopktho  xanthe- 

-cll  rnilliiill' nil 

■  tanthemat ii-im  seu  Hibcr'nitnts 
i,  j 

alig'na  earn  sopo'ri 

a'tisseup  ttileiitia'lia Eari/pa 

trop'yra  Beu  <•'//•'<■( ■/•«/,/  i  r 

i  sen  ■  -    .       ■  tinent  pu'tridn 

tin'ua  /in':  -  malig'na  seu 

nau'ticq   pestilentia' lis  sen   petechia' lie,   .v 

yra,  Porphyrotyphus,  Pulicularis  morbus,    Pestis 

.     ,    u«    or    Ex'inthemat'ie    or    conta'gious 

'.  • ..  anthem'atout 


(sentSrite  t>,  | 
I 
dicliditt .  Gastro-cuiii 

nervous  affection  of  the  brain,  Follicular 

i  ill'  ritis,    /'.    enteritis,     j-.'iih  ri'ti"  /olliculo't 

phiis  abdomina'lis,  T.  intestina'lis,  T.  S)  orad'icns, 
Euterotyphus,  T.  gangliona'ris  abdomina't 

Ini*    inti  xt  inn' tin    i:  ■  I'fnVflf, 

>'ea  «i/'<  '•'/<•'/,  /'.  « /i/<  ;• 
tenter1  ica,  Enterhelio'sit  nervo'sa,  Typhut  ■ 
ini*,    llfnp' i/i  n,    lleoty'phus,     Typho 
Enter1  ie/i   er.     Accompanying  this  torn;  •  I 
-  generally  a  typhoid  eruption,  ooni 
.  red,)  which  . 
mostly  on  the  abdomen.     They  are  dislin< 
true  petechias,  sa  thej  can  be  removed  by  pr  .•- 
sure:  and  distinct  also  from  Budamina,  which  -arc 
perhaps  the  universal  accompaniments  of  swott- 
ing, and  are  consequently  a  variety  of  u 
The    common    continued    lever  or  synochus    of 
Great  Britain,  and  of  this  country,  has  been  pre- 
sumed  by   some   to   be   this   variety:    l>ut 
observations  are  needed  to  establish  the  distinc- 
tions whieli  have  been  attempted;  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  abdominal  affection  is 
a  complication,  existing  in  certain  eases  and  e]  i- 
demics  of  adynamic  fever,  and  not  in  others.    The 
Red  Tongue  Fever  of  Kentucky  is  considi 
I  irtlett  to  be  typhoid  fever. 
Certain  modern  French  writers  have  eons! 
the  Typhus  of  the  European  continent.   Typhus 
of  Europe,  pestilential  fever,  conta 
Hungary  fever.  Hospital  ft  ver,  camp  fever,  jail  fe- 
ticufar  p*  U  eh  ialft  w  r,  (  P.  \  Pet 
■  be  identical  with   the    typhoid  affection. 


stria*,  Jo/,'.  II  si/iinl  or  Ship  Fc\     .  Imit  but  one  fever  on  the  European  eon- 

-,    F.    nautique,    F.    d'hSpital,  tinent  —  the  typhoid.     Typhus,  they  maintain — ■ 

is,  F.  Icntieulaire,  but  by  no  means  establish  the  position  —  to  be 

Typhus  eontn                    tended   with  rigors  and  peculiar  to  England. 

heat, a                  \  little  orno  perspiration:  pulse,  Typhus  Abdomihalis,  see  Typhus  —  t.  d'Amt- 

snd    hard,  usually  quick,  but   fluttering;  rique,  Fever  yellow  —  t.  Antbraeicus,  Plague — t. 

per  the  forehead  and  vertex  ;   h'mnlberry  Anthropophthoracus,  Typhus  —  t.  Aphthoideus, 

»viv/i.'  i                    -i  the  fifth  to  the  seventh  day  Aphtha  —  t.  Bcllicns,  Typbua  —  t.  Bengaleneis, 

of  the                        lasting  till  the  end ;  delirium  Cholera  —  t.  Bubonicns,    Plague  —  t.  Carcerum, 

.    I    by  Bl                       :    incipient  putres-  Typhus  gravior — t.  Castrensis,  Typhus  gravior — 

-as  true  petechia?,  vibices,  hemorrhages,  t.  Cerebral,  Meningitis,  cerebro-spinal —  t. 

Typhus,    under   particular    circumstances,  bro-spinal.  Meningitis, cerebro-spinal — t.  Comato- 

-  to  be  communicable  by  contagion;  but  if  bus,  Typhus  minor  —  t.  Communis,  Typhus — t. 

•'on  lie  paid  to  cleanliness  and  venti-  Goutagicux,  Typhus  —  t.  Contagious,   Typhus — t. 

,  there  is  not  much  danger  of  communica-  Contagiosua  exanthematiens,  Typhus  —  t.  d'Eu- 

tion.     The  genera]  principles  of  treatment,  laid  rope,  Typhua — t.  of  Europe,  see  Typhus— t  Ex- 

down  under  the  bead  of  Fever,  are  applicable  antheinaticus,  Typhua — t.  Ganglionaris  abdumi- 

All  the  varieties  of  continued   fever  re-  nalis,  see  Typhus — t.  Gravissimus,  Prague  —  t. 

semble   each   oilier  in    the   cardinal  points,  al-  Hibernicus,  T.  gravior — t.  Icterodes,  Fever,  yel- 

r  in  many  of  their  cha-  low — t.  Jaune,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Intestinalis,  see 

l           -.           nidation   and   cleanliness:    warm  or  Typhus — U  Jfiaswatique  ataxique  putride  janne, 


ilution  or  sponging;  keeping  the  bowela 
.  I  attendii  ;  I   ins  as  they  may 

l       .       th  the  avoiding  of  all  irritation  of 

main  indications.    'When  Bymptoma 

•  prostration  occur,  the  strength  must  be 
supported  by  wine;  and  tonics  be  exhibited,  with 
the  miqeral  acids.  Of  the  tonics,  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  is  perhaps  as  good  as  any.  whilst  it  is 
:  Mtion  which  applies  to 
Others, — of  being  too  bulky.      In  the  whole  man- 

•  of  thia  affeetion,  however,  the  physician 
liseriminate  carefully  between  op]  r< 

and  prostration.     The   former  may  require  eva- 
cuates :   the  hitter  cannot. 

Of  late  years,  it  has  1 n  maintained  by  many, 

that    there    is    an    essi  nttal    difference    i 
typhoid  fever  and  typhus:  that  the  former  ia  an 
aal  affection, and  dependent  opon,oroon- 
with,  an  inflamed  or  ulcerated  condition 
of  the  mueoua  follicles  of  the  in  teal 

it  has  received  the  ti :i n.    -  nterique,  /•'. 

.   l/o  u  A     ctiou  typhoide,  F  ■ 

ite  typho-himique,  Typhoimie  II 


Fever,  yellow — t.  Morbillosus,  Rubeola — t.  Ner- 
-.  Typhua  mitior  —  t.  Nostras,  Typhus  —  t. 
tT Orient,  Plague  —  t.  Pestilentialis,  Plague  —  t. 
lY.-tis,  Plague — t.  Petecbialis,  Typhua  gravinr 
—  L  Puerpiral,  see  Peritonitis  —  t.  Bcarlaticus, 
Scarlatina— t.  Simplex.  Typhua  mitior — t.  Spora- 
dicus,  see  Typhua — t.  Tropicus,  Fever,  yellow — 
t.  True,  Typhua  —  t.  Vesicularis,  Pempbi( 

TYP'IC,  Typ'ical,  rJ)fj,'i<„s,  (F.)  Typiqne. 
Same  etymon     -  Characterised  by  peri- 

odicity,—  as  |  'typical  fever;'  or  one  which  ob- 
i  particular 

TYPOSES,  see  Periodicity. 

TYPUS,  ] 

TYRANN1  icaldays. 

'!  I  RBASIA,  Agitation. 

TY'RBE,   ' 

T  V  R  E  M  '  1.  B  I  B,  7*yrof<  m'ests,  from  rvpot, 
'cheese,'   and   tucon,  'vomitii  tie,   Tg- 

rtu'sis.  Vomiting  of  curdy  matter,  in  infanta 
especially, 

TYREU8IS,  Tyreme-is,  Tm 

TYKiA,  Porrigo  deealvana. 


TYRIASIS 

TYRIASIS,  Elephantiasis  Arabica. 
TYRINE,  Casein. 
TYRODES,  Cheesy. 
TYROMA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 


940 


ULNA 


TYROS,  Cheese. 

TYROSIS,  Tyremesis.     Also,  the  curdling  of 
milk  in  the  stomach;    Tyreu'sis. 
TYROTEMESIS,  Tyremesis. 


U. 


UBERIS  APEX,  Nipple,  Papilla. 

ULA,  Gingivie. 

ULATROPIl'IA,  from  ovXov,  'the  gum,'  and 
atrophia,  atrophy.  Shrinking  of  the  gums;  fall- 
ing away  of  the  gums. 

ULCER,  Ulcus,  genitive  Ulceris,  diminutive 
Ulcus' culum  ;  Hulcus,  'eA/co?,  Helcos,Elco'  sis,  Elco'  - 
via,  Hefcus,  Helco'ma,  a  Sure,  (Sc.)  Sair,  (Prov.) 
Kile,  (F.)  Ulcere.  A  solution  of  continuity  in 
the  soft  parts,  of  longer  or  shorter  standing,  and 
kept  up  by  some  local  disease  or  constitutional 
cause.  Richerand  makes  four  great  distinctions 
between  a  wound  and  an  ulcer.  1.  A  wound  arises 
from  the  action  of  an  extraneous  body  :  —  the 
cause  of  an  ulcer  is  inherent  in  the  economy. 
2.  A  wound  is  always  idiopathic: — an  ulcer  is 
always  symptomatic.  3.  A  wound  has  essentially 
a  tendency  to  heal,  because  the  action  of  its  cause 
has  been  momentary: — an  ulcer,  on  the  contrary, 
has  a  tendency  to  enlarge,  because  its  cause  per- 
sists. 4.  The  treatment  of  a  wound  is  purely 
surgical ;  that  of  an  ulcer  is  medical  as  well.  The 
immediate  cause  of  an  ulcer  is  perverted  nutri- 
tion ;  the  formative  cells  losing  their  plastic  pro- 
perties. Ulcers  have  been  variously  divided,  ac- 
cording to  their  nature;  —  into  simple,  sinuous, 
fistulous,  fungous,  gangrenous,  scorbutic,  syphilitic, 
cancerous,  inveterate,  scrofulous,  phagedenic,  viru- 
lent, caco'ethic,  sordid,  carious,  varicose,  &,c.  The 
treatment  consists  in  removing,  by  appropriate 
means,  the  internal  and  the  local  causes  which 
keep  up  the  ulceration,  and  in  exciting  the  ves- 
sels of  the  part,  where  necessary,  by  appropriate 
bandaging,  &c. 

Ulckr,  Jacob's,  Lupus — u.  Malignant,  Hospi- 
tal gangrene—  u.  Putrid,  Hospital  gangrene  —  u. 
Warty  of  Marjolin,  see  Warty  Tumour  of  Cica- 
trices. 

ULCERA  INTESTINALIA,  Gastrelcosis— u. 
Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea  —  u.  Serpentia  oris, 
Aphtlue — u.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisis — u.  Ventri- 
culi,  Gastrelcosis  —  u.  Vesicae,  Cystophthisis. 

UL'CERATED,  Ulcera'tus,  Exulcera'tus,  Hel- 
co'des,  (F.)  Ulcere ;  from  ulcus,  ulceris,  'an  ulcer.' 
In  the  state  of  an  ulcer.     Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Enterelcosis 
—  u.  Ventrieuli,  Gastrelcosis. 

ULCERATION,  Ulcera'tio,  Exidceratio,  Pyo- 
gen'ia  corrosi'va.  Same  etymon.  A  superficial 
ulcer.  The  formation  of  an  ulcer  —  Exelco'sis, 
Elco' sis,  and  Helco'sis. 

ULCERATIVE,  Ulcerations,  (F.)  Ulciratif. 
Relating  to  ulceration, — as  an  '  ulcerative  process.' 

ULCERE,  Ulcer  —  u.du  Larynx,  Phthisis  la- 
ryngea. 

ULCEREUX,  Ulcerous. 

UL'CEROUS,  Ulcero'sus,  Helco'des,  Helcdides, 
(F.)  Ulcereux.  Same  etymon.  Having  the 
character  of  an  ulcer.     Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERS,  EGYPTIAN,  iEgyptia  ulcera. 

ULCUS,  Ulcer  —  u.  Atonicum,  Rupia  —  u.  Ca- 
coethes,  see  Cacoethes  —  u.  Cancrosum,  Cancer, 
Chancre  —  u.  Dacryodes,  see  Dacryodes  —  u.  De- 
pascens,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Ferinum,  Phage- 


denic ulcer — u.  Fistulosum,  Hypophora — u.  Hy- 
pulum,  see  Hypulus  —  u.  Narium  foetens,  Ozaena 
— u.  Obambulans,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Pulmo- 
num,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — u.  Sinuosum,  Hypo- 
phora— u.  Syriacum,  Cynanche  maligna — u.  Te- 
lephium,  Telephium — u.  Tuberculosum,  Lupus — 
u.  Uteri,  Hysterelcosis,  Leucorrhoea. 

ULCUSCULA  PR^PUTII,  Herpes  pnemitii. 

ULCUSCULUM,  Ulcer  — u.  Cancrosum, 
Chancre. 

ULE,  Cicatrix. 

ULETICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULTCUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULI'TIS,  from  ov\os,  'solid,'  (cap!-  ovXrj,  'solid 
flesh:')  hence,  ovXov,  'the  gum,'  and  ttis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Ouli'tis,  Inflamma'tio  gin- 
gi'vcE,  Periodontitis  gingiva'rum,  (F.)  Gcugivite, 
Inflammation  des  geucives,  from  ovXov,  'the  gum/ 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  gums. 

Ulitis  Septica,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

ULLUCO,  Tropaeolum  tuberosum. 

ULNAIRE,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

ULMARIA,  Spireea  ulmaria  —  u.  Palustris, 
Spiraea  ulmaria. 

ULMUS,  U.  campes'tris  seu  glabra  seu  mon- 
ta'na  seu  nuda  seu  sati'va  seu  scabra,  Ptdea, 
Common  Elm,  (F.)  Orme,  Ormeau,  Orme  pyrami- 
dale  ou  champetre.  Ord.  Ulmaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  inner,  rough  bark — ■ 
Ulmus,  (Ph.  L.) — of  this  tree  is  inodorous;  and 
has  a  bitter,  austere,  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It 
is  considered  tonic,  alterative,  and  diuretic;  and 
has  been  used,  chiefly,  in  lepra  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Ulmus  Ala'ta,  Lynn  Wahoo.  The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  used  successfully  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  phlegmonous  inflammation. 

Ulmus  America'na,  U.fulva  seu  rubra,  Rough- 
leaved,  Red,  or  Slippery  Elm.  The  inner  bark  — 
Ulmus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)— is  highly  mucilaginous,  and 
is  used  in  coughs,  diarrhoeas,  and  dysenteries; 
also,  as  a  poultice  for  tumours,  lacerated  and  con- 
tused wounds,  &c. 

Ulmus  Campestris,  Ulmus  —  u.  Fulva,  U. 
Americana,  U.  rubra — u.  Glabra,  Ulmus  —  u. 
Montana,  Ulmus  —  u.  Nuda,  Ulmus  —  u.  Sativa, 
Ulmus — u.  Scabra,  Ulmus. 

ULNA,  O'lene,  Foc''ile  inferius  seu  mnjus, 
Canna  Bra'chii,  Oi  cu'biti  inferius,  Os  ])rocubi- 
ta'le,  Cu'bitus,  A  'un'do  bra'chii  major,  Cubit. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  bone  of 
the  forearm  which  forms  the  prominence  of  the 
elbow,  during  the  flexion  of  that  joint.  It  is  the 
longer  and  larger  of  the  two  bones,  and  is  in- 
serted at  the  inner  side.  Its  upper  and  larger 
extremity  has,  behind,  a  considerable  process, 
called  olecranon;  and,  before,  a  smaller  one, 
called  coronoid.  These  two  eminences  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  greater  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  fossa  or  olec'ranoid  cavity,  which  re- 
ceives the  articular  trochlea  of  the  humerus. 
The  tubercle  of  the  ulna  is  a  small,  rough  spot, 
under  the  root  of  the  coronoid  process,  for  the 


ULNAD 


941 


UNDOSUS 


insertion  of  the  Brachial™  interims.  On  the  »nt- 
side  of  this  extremity  of  the  bone  u  the  fewer 
n'gmoid  cavity.  It  is  articulated  with  the  bead 
of  the  radios.  The  Inferior  extremity  of  tbe 
cubitus,  which  is  mnoh  smaller  than  the  superior, 
and  articulated  with  the  radius,  hns  a  surface 
that  corresponds  to  the  fibro-cartilage  which 
separates  it  From  the  os  euneiforme :  ami  a  pointed 
called  styloid.  The  body  of  the  ulna  is 
manifestly  triangular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
os  humeri  and  radius,  and,  mediately,  with  the 
os  euneiforme.  It  is  developed  by  three  points 
of  ossification, 

Also,  the  el  how. 

ULNAD,  see  Ulnar  aspect. 

ULNAR,  CubitaL 

Ulnar  Aspect.    An  aspect  towards  the  side 

on  which  the  ulna  is  situated. — Barclay,  Ulnad 
i-  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify 
'  towards  the  ulnar  aspect.' 

ULNARIS,  Cubital— u.  Externus,  see  Cubital 
muscles — u.  Gracilis,  Palmaria  longus — u.  Inter- 
nus,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

ULOCACB,  Cancer  aquatious,  Btomacaoe. 

ULON'CUS,  from  ovXov,  'the  gum,'  and  oyicos, 
'tumour.'     Swelling  of  tbe  gums ;  epulis. 

ULORRHAG"!  A,  Oulorrhag"ia,  Stomator- 
rkag"ia,  HojmorrhagJ,ia  gingiva' rum%  I  lorrhos'a, 
from  avXoy,  'the  gum,'  and  priyivfii,  'I  break 
forth.'     1!  eeding  from  the  gums. 

ULORRHCBA,  Ulorrhagia. 

ULOTICA,  Cioatrisantia. 

UL'TIMI-  B  T  E  11  X  A  L.  Professor  Beclard 
gave  this  appellation  to  the  sixth  or  last  bony 
portion  of  the  sternum.  He  calls  it  also  Enti- 
tternaL 

UI/TIMUM  MO'RIENS,  'last  dying.'  A 
term  given  to  the  part  of  the  economy  which  dies 
1  ist 

ULVA  CRISPA,  Fucus  crispus. 

Ulva  Latis'sim a.  Broad  Oreen  Lnrcr,  Green 
Soke,  Oyster  green;  Order,  Alga;;  is  used  at 
table  cooked  in  the  same  way  as  the  next,  to 
which  it  is  greatly  inferior. 

Ulva  Umbilica'liB,  Por'phyra  lacinia'ta  sen 
Htnbiliea'lit,  Lacin'iated  Purple  Laver,  abundant 
on  the  shores  of  Great  Britain,  is  pickled  with 
salt  and  sold  in  London  as  Laver.  It  is  eaten  at 
table,  stewed  with  pepper,  butter  or  oil  and 
lemon-juice  or  vinegar.  It  has  been  suggested, 
-  .in  antiscorbutic 

UMBIL,  YELLOW,  Cvpripedium  luteum. 

UMBILIC,  Umbilical,  Umbilicus. 

UMBIL'ICAL,  Um'bilie,  Umbilica'lis,  Umbilx- 
cn'lu*,  (F. )  Ombilical,  from  umbilicus,  'the  navel.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  navel. 

Umbilical  Artkiuks,  which  exist  only  in  the 
leem,  as  it  were,  continuations  of  the  pri- 
mitive iliacs.  They  clear  the  umbilical  r i i •  -_r .  Mid 
proceed  to  the  placenta,  to  which  they  carry  the 
residuum  of  the  blood  sent  to  the  foetus  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  As  soon  as  respiration  is  eeta- 
blisbed,  the  blood  ceases  to  pass  by  the  umbilical 
arteries,  which  become  obliterated,  as  well  as  the 
vein,  and  are  transformed  into  two  very  strong 
ligamentous  cords. —  the  vein  forming  the  Liga- 
iittn'him  rotun'dum  of  the  liver. 

Umbilical  Cord,  Funiculus  ambilicalis. 

Umbilical  Region,  Re'gio  umbilica'lxe  sen 
gae'trica  sea  Meeogattrica,  Meeogas'trium,  (P.) 
Rfgion  ombilieale,  is  the  middle  region  of  the  ab- 
domen, in  which  the  umbilicus  is  placed.  The 
sides  of  this  are  called  the  fianke  or  lumbar  re- 
gi<»tx.  In  the  umbiiical  region  are  the  omentum 
majni :  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  duodenum  : 
the  jejunum  :  and  the  greater  part  of  the  mesen- 
tery; tin-  aorta:  vena  cava:  the  trunks  of  the 
renal  arteries  and  veins:  the  origin  of  the  sper- 
matid arteries,  &.c. 


Umbilical  Ring,  An'mtlu*  umbiliea'lie,  (F.) 
Anneam  ombilical,  is  a  fibrous  ring  which  sur- 
rounds the  aperture  of  the  umbilicus,  and  through 
which  umbilical  hernia  occurs  in  children. 

Umbilical  Vbsiclb,  Vesieula  ambilicalis. 
Umhii.ma  i,   Vbssblb,   (F.)    Vaisseaux   ombili- 
cmtjr,    include    the    two    arteries,    and    ambilieal 

vein.  The  umbilical  vein  arises  from  the  pla- 
centa, ami  terminates  at  the  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  liver  of  the  foetUS,  to  which  it 
conveys  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutrition. 

UMBILICALIS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILICATUS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILI'CUS,  Umbili'euw,  Umbo,  Om'phalne, 
Radix  sen  M< 'ilium  pentris,  Meeompha'lium,  M>- 
tom'phalum,  Protme'eit  [navel  of  a  new-born 
child;)  tbe  umbilic,  navel,  (Prov.)  Spoon;  from 
umbo,  '  the  button  or  prominence  in  the  mid.-t  of 
a  buckler/  or  from  v/i(pa\ui,  or  rather  oftipu^os, 
which  signifies  the  same,  as  well  as  the  navel  ; 
(F.)  Ombilie,  NombriL  A  round  cicatrix,  about 
the  median  line  of  the  abdomen.  It  is  in  the 
Situation  of  an  aperture,  which,  in  the  foetus, 
affords  passage  to  the  vessels  of  the  umbilical 
cord. 

Umbilicus  Mari'nus,  CotyU'don  marina,  An- 
dro'eaei,  Aeetab'ulum  marinum,  Andro'eaci  Mat- 
thi'oli,  Fungus  pet  res' us  marinus.  A  submarine 
production,  found  on  the  rocks  and  the  .-hells  of 
fishes,  in  the  south  of  France.  It  is  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic  and  diuretic. 

U.M  IK).  Elbow,  Umbilicus, 

UMBRELLA  TREE,  Matrnolia  tripetala. 

I'M  SCII  I.  A  <;.  see  Compress. 

UNBOWELING,  Exenterisraus. 

UNCARIA   GAMBIR,  Nauclea  Gambir. 

UNCAS,  INDIAN,  Veratrum  viride. 

UNCIA,  Ounce. 

UNCIFORM,  Uneifor'mis,  Uncina'tvs,  from 
uncus,  'a  hook/  and  foi,maJ  'shape.'  That  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  hook. 

Unciform  Bonr,  Os  uneiform'e  sen  hama'tum 
seu  uncina'tnm,  (F.)  Os  crochu.  The  fourth  bone 
of  the  seeond  row  of  the  carpus.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular.  Inwards  and  forwards,  it  has  a 
coi  siderable  eminence,  which  is  curved  upon 
itself,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
os  semilunare,  os  magnum,  os  euneiforme,  and 
the  fourth  and  fifth  metacarpal  bones-.  It  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

UhCIFORM  EMINENCE,  Hippocampus  minor. 

Unciform  Process,  Proeee'sue  uncina'tus  seu 
Bliimenbaoh'ii,  Great  Process  <>f  the  Ethmoid, 
The  most  considerable  of  the  thin  irregularly 
twisted  laminBB  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
ethmoid  bone,  which  narrow  the  opening  of  the 
maxillary  sinuses. 

UNCINATUS,  Unciform. 

I  NCINUS,  Hook. 

UNCTION,  Inunction,  Unguentum,  Unguen- 
tum  bydrargyrL 

UNCUS.Hook. 

UNDERCLIFP,  ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG- 
LAND. (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  Underdid'  com- 
prehends a  tract  of  country  from  Ihmnosc  to  St. 
Catherine's  Hill,  on  the  southeast  coast,  about  six 
miles  in  length,  and  from  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile 
in  breadth.  It  is  well  protected  from  the  colder 
winds;  and  the  climate  is  remarkably  equable, 
as  well  as  mild  and  dry,  so  that  there  are  not 
many  days  during  the  winter  in  which  the  inva- 
lid cannot  take  exercise  in  t lie  open  air.  It  is 
an  excellent  climate  for  the  pulmonary  valetu- 
dinarian. 

[JNDIM'IA.  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  a  tumour,  filled  with  a  gelatinous  matter,  like 
the  white  of  an   e 

UNDOSUS,  Cymatodet. 


UNDULATIO 


942 


UNGUENTUM 


UNDULATIO,  Fluctuation. 

UNEDO,  Arbutus  unedo  —  u.  Papyracea,  Ar- 
butus unedo. 

UN'GEAL,  Une/ea'lis,  from  unguis,  'a  nail.' 
Belonging,  or  relating,  to  the  nails  of  the  hands 
or  feet. 

UNGUEAL  MATRIX,  see  Nail. 

UNGUEN,  Unguentum —  u.  Articulare,  Sy- 
novia. 

UNGUENT,  ARMATORY,  Hoplochrysma. 

UNGUENTARIA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myropce'ua,  Myrep'aua, 
Myropo'lea,  Myropo'lua,  Pigmenta'riua ;  from  un- 
guen'tum,  'an  ointment.'  One  who  makes  and 
sells  ointments.     A  perfumer. 

UNGUEN'TUM,  Unguen,  Myron,  Unction,  (Y.) 
Onguent,  from  ungere,  unetnm,  '  to  anoint.'  Oint- 
ment. Ointments  are  topical  applications,  of  a 
consistence  more  or  less  analogous  to  that  of 
lard.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as  local  applica- 
tions to  ulcers  and  wounds;  but  are  sometimes 
rubbed  upon  a  part  in  cutaneous  affections  :  and, 
especially,  where  it  is  desired  that  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  ointment  should  be  absorbed.  Oint- 
ments are  of  less  consistence  than  cerates,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  indiscriminately. 

Unguen'tum  Ac"idi  Nitro'si,  Ointment  of  Ni- 
trons Acid,  Poma'tum  seu  Unguen'tum  Ni'trienm 
seu  0-tygena'tum,  (F.)  Pommade  oxygenee,  Graisae 
*oxyg£n$e,  Pommade  d'Alyon.  (Adfp.  suilli,  Ibj  ; 
acid,  nitroa.  gvj.  Melt  the  fat,  and  rub  in  the 
acid  gradually,  till  cold.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant. 
Used  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous  eruptions,  and 
in  foul  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Adtpocer^  Cetorum,  Ceratnm 
cetacei — u.  iEgyptiaeum,  Linimentum  aeruginis 
—  u.  ^Egyptium  alburn,  Crinomyron — u.  JEruji- 
nis,  U.  subacetatis  cupri — u.  Album,  Unguentum 
cetacei  —  u.  Album  Resolvens,  Linimentum  am- 
monia1 fortius. 

Unguentum  be  Alth^a,  U.  de  Terebin'tliind 
et  cerd  seu  cit'r>',iitm  seu  reai'nat  pint  sylvea'tris 
compos'itnm  seu  resumpti'vitm  seu  leniti'vum,  Ce- 
ra'tum  de  Althad,  Emplas'trum  mucilagino'sum 
seu  emol'liens  seu  cit'rinum  seu  flavum  seu  de 
Althaea.  Unguentum  flavum,  Marsh  met l' low  Oint- 
ment,  (F.)  Onguent  de  gnimauve,  0.  d'althta. 
(Olei  de  mucilayinibm,  1000  p.,  eeraz  flora?.  250 
p.,  reaina,  terebinthin.,  aa  125  p.  Liquefy;  strain 
and  stir  till  .cold.  Ph.  P.)  Common  Olive  Oil 
might  he  substituted  for  the  Oil  of  Mucilages. 

Unguentum  Amygdalinum,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Unguentum  Antimo'nii,  U.  Antimonia'le,  U. 
A.  Tartariza'ti,  U.  A.  Potasaio-tar'tratia,  U.  tar'  - 
tari  emet'ici.  Ointment  of  tar'tarized  an'timony, 
Ant  into' nial  Ointment,  Tartar  emetic  ointment. 
(Antimon.  et  potass,  tartrat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  g;j, 
adipis.  3jj.  Ph.  U.S.)  If  a  drachm  of  this  oint- 
ment be  rubbed  upon  any  part,  night  and  morn- 
ing, it  will  excite,  in  a  few  days,  a  painful  pus- 
tul  ir  eruption.  Hence,  it  is  employed  as  a  coun- 
ter irritant.  This  preparation  is  also  called  Ung. 
Tar1  tari  stibia'ti  seu  emet'ici,  Ung.  e  Tar'taro 
stihin'tn,  Adeps  Torture  stibii  medica'tus.  Ung. 
Tar'tratis  Potass' a?  stibia'ti,  (F.)  Pommade  d'Ait- 
tenrieth,  Pommade  stibiee.  This  method  of  em- 
ploying the  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa.  as 
a  revellent.  is,  at  times,  called  stibio-dermic,  (F.) 
La  metkode  stibio-dermique. 

Unguentum  Antimonti  Potassio-Tartratis, 
Unguentum  antimoni] — u.  Antimonii  tartarizati, 
U.  antimonii  —  u.  Antipernium.  see  Antipernius. 

Unguentum  Aqu^e  Ros,e,  Ointment  of  Rose 
water,  Gold  Cream.  (Aq.  Rosa,  f£j  :  ol.  amygdal. 
f^ij  ;  cetacei,  ^ss  ;  cera?  albas,  ,"j.  Melt  together, 
in  a  water-bath,  the  oil,  spermaceti,  and  wax  ; 
then  add  the  rose-water,  and  stir  until  it  is  cold. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Cooling  to  irritated  surfaces. 


Unguentum  Armarium,  Hoplochrysma  —  u. 
Arthanitas,  see  Arthunita — u.  Articulare,  Synovia 
— u.  Lasilicon  flavum,  Ceratum  resin  a? — u.  Basi- 
licon  nigrum,  Unguentum  resin  ae  nigrse —  u.  Ba- 
silicum  viride,  Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri. 

UnGUENTTM  BkI.I.ADON'NvE,  Ointment  of  Beh 
ladonna.  [Ext.  belladonna?.  5fj  ;  adipis  Sjj  :  M. 
Ph.  U.  8.)  An  anodyne  application  to  irritable 
ulcers,  &c. 

Unguentum  Cantharidis,  Unguentum  lyttae. 

UnGUEN'tIM     CeR/E     (alba?    SCU    jtaca>),     i'ngu- 

entnm  simplex  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Linimen'tum  simplext 

Wax  Ointment,  Oil  and  Been  War,  (F.)  On- 
guent de  cire.  (Cera  Ihj,  adipis  Ibiv  [Ph.  U.  S.), 
or — cera-,  Jjjij,  ol.  oliv.  gv.)  Emollient.  A  mild 
dressing.  Also,  the  basis  of  most  of  the  com- 
pound ointments. 

Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum  Galeni  —  u. 
Cerussa\  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi,  Ungu- 
entum plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Cerussa  aee- 
tatse,  Ceratum  plumbi  superacetatis,  U.  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  Citriuum,  U.  de  althaea.,  U.  hy- 
drargyri  nitratis. 

Unguentim  Ceta'cet,  U.  Sper'maiis  Ceti  seu 
album,  Linimen'tum  album,  Spennace'ti  ointment, 
(F.)  Onguent  de  blanc  de  baleine.  (Cetacei  gvj, 
cera?  alba?  3'v>  °^  "!'v-  ^5UJ-  P"-  L.)  The  or- 
dinary dressing  for  blisters  and  excoriations.  See 
Ceratum  cetacei. 

Unguentum  Coc'culi,  Ointment  of  Coc'culua 
In'dicva.  (Take  any  quantity  of  Cocculus  Indi- 
cts; separate  and  preserve  the  kernels;  beat 
them  well  in  a  mortar,  first  alone,  and  then  with 
a  little  lard;  then  add  lard  till  it  amounts 
altogether  to  five  times  the  weight  of  the  kernels. 
Ph.  E.)  Used  to  destroy  vermin,  and  to  cure 
scabies  and  ringworm  of  the  scalp. 

Unguentum  Con'ii,  Ointment  of  Hemlock. 
(Coniifol.  recent.;  adipis  aa,  tbj.  Boil  the  hem- 
lock in  the  lard  till  it  becomes  crisp,  and  express 
through  linen.  Eh.  L.)  Used  to  irritable  tu- 
mours and  ulcers. 

UNGUEN'TUM  Creaso'ti,  Ointment  of  Cre'asote. 
(Cre<(.iot.  fSJss  J  adipis,  ^j.  Add  the  creasote  to 
the  lard  previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  constantly  till  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used 
in  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 

Unguentum  Cupri  Stbac^etatis,  Unguentum 
subacetatis  cupri  —  u.  Diapompholygos,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  zinci  irapuri. 

Unguentum  Digf.sti'vum  Simplex,  U.  Tere- 
bin'thina?  et  ovo'rum  cite!' I  i,  Simjjle  digest  ice  oint- 
ment, (F.)  Onguent  digestif  simple.  (Terebinthin. 
pur.  04  p.  Vitell.  ovor.  No.  2,  vel  32  p.  Mix,  for 
a  long  time,  in  a  'glass  mortar,  and  add,  gradually, 
enough  of  the  Oil  of  Hypericum  (3fillepertuia)  to 
make  a  soft  ointment.  Ph.  P.)  Detergent.  It 
may  be  rendered  more  so  by  adding  a  little  of  the 
Acetate  of  copper. 

Unguentum  Elemi,  Balsam  of  Arca?us,  Ungu- 
entum elemi  compositum. 

Unguentum  Ei/kmi  Compos'itum,  Unguentum  e 
oummi  elemi  seu  de  terebin'thind  et  adip'ibns  seu 

elemi,  Linimen'tum  Area?.'i,  Ointment,  of  Elemi, 
(F.)  Baume  d'Arceus.  (Elemi  tbj,  terebinth  i no? 
vulgaria  5x,  aevi  pro?.parati  Ibij.  olivts  olei  1,~.j. 
Melt  the  elemi  with  the  snot:  remove  it  from  the 
fire;  and  mix  in  the  turpentine  and  oil.  Strain 
the  mixture  through  a  linen  cloth.  Ph'.  L.)  Sti- 
mulant and  digestive.  To  keep  open  issues,  Ac, 
Unguentum  Epispas'tk.tm  de  Daphne  Gm- 
1)10,  Adcpn  Cor'tice  daphnes  gnidii  medica'tns, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Gnrou.  (Adip.  prcBpar.  320  p., 
cerce,  32  p.,  corf,  daphn.  gnid.  128  p.  Melt  the 
fat  and  wax  :  and  add  the  bark  softened  in  water. 
Boil  until  the  water  is  evaporated:  then  pass 
through  cloth.  Ph.  P.)  To  kc|  open  blisters, 
issues,  &c.     See  Unguentum  Mezerei. 


UXGUEXTUM 


UENTUM 


vrr\r   Episp  \^i!  mm  PoRTII  - 
eanthai  .  Unguentum 

lyttoe—  urn  viride,  Unguentum  lyttse 

ivura.  Unguentum  de  alih»B —  ! 
ii.  ■•  ii  i  mi  mi  elemi,  (Tngoentum  oomposituin  — u. 
Ji  ilbi,  Ungui  i tuna  veratri. 

I  (jg  Hutment  of  Qatle,    ■ 

~\  ;  o,l  ipis,  ~  vj.     M.    Ph.  U.S.)     Aiu 
n  piles,  indolent  ulcer-. 

!'.  Qallm  et   | 
mud   Ointment   of  GnUe.      (QalL   in 
Jvjj,  adipis.  ^vj,  opii  pulv.  ,~ 
I'-.-d  in   painful   hemorrhoids. 
•  sometimes  added. 
•i    HYDR  IR'GYRI,    I '.  qturu'h  ■- 

a' tarn  mercuriu'te,  Adept   Hy- 
i  dica'tut,   Mercurial   Ointmt  nt,    B 

'  >  /w  ut  mercnricl  oil  iVtt- 

po/il    • 

\fercnriitl  Ointment,  Unguentum  ////- 
i  fortiu*  of  th"   London  Pbarmac 

8  ).  i>  thus  nude  —  ////- 
idipit  j^xxiij,  tevi  ^j.     Hub  till  the 
irely  disappear. 
Milder  Mercurial  Ointment,— U.  Hydrat- 
(/>/>■;  Mitius, —  is  made  by  adding,  to  one  pound 
%  two  pounds  of  lard, 
i rial  ointment  is  antisyphilittc  and  discu- 
ti.-iit.     It  is  rubbed  on  tbe  inside  of  the  thigh,  in 
tl  affections;  especially  in  those  eases  where 
mercury,  given  internally,  runs  off  by  tin'  I 

ointment  is  used  for  this  purpose. 
is  employed  as  ■  dressing,  or  as  an 
itiorj  to  cutaneous  eruptions. 

m  Hydrargyri  Ammoniati,  Ungu- 
entuiu  bydrargyri  prsecipitati  albi  —  u.  Hydrar- 
gyri  ealcis  albm,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prsecipi- 
tati albi — u.  Hydrargyri  compositum,  Unguentum 
bydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Bydrargyri  deutozydi  ni- 
trati.  Unguentum  bydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

rntum    Hvduau'gviu    [od'idi,    Ointment 
Mer'cury.      (Hydrarg.   ludid.  §j, 
cc'-fiB  <iH>.  ~  j,  adipit^vj.      Ph.  L.) 

l'\c;i   ;ntuhHydrab'gyri  lun'iDiRrBRi,  Oint- 
tnent    of    Red    Podide    of  Mer'cury.     (Hydrarg. 
Rnbr.  gj,  Ung.  cerm  "ll>(E  §vij.     Ph.  D.) 
I  iutmenta  may  be  applied  to  scrofu- 

lous and  indolent  ulcers. 

UXGURRTUM    KX    IIVDKAiic.Vlti)     MUMS    DICTUM 

cixbrkcm,   Unguentum  oxydi  bydrargyri  cine- 
ream. 

UhGUBNTGM    HYDRARGYRI    Xitma'tis,    U.   hy- 

•i  nitrati  sen  tupernitra'tit  hydrargyri  sen 

tyri  eompoe'itum  sen  mercurials  cit'rinnm 

iHum  ad  ecabiem,  Bal'eamum  mercnria'le, 

nitra'te   hydrargyri  medica'tue,   Ointment  | 

of  Nitrate   of  Mer'cury,    Citrine    Ointment,   (P.) 

it  de  nitrate  de  merenre,  0.  eitrin  contre  In 

ante.       Hydrarg.  5j,  add.  nitric,  fgxiv.  olei  bu- 

buli  f^ix,  adipis  ilij.     Dissolve  the  mercury  in 

l  :  and.  while  bot,  add  tbe  oil  and  melted 

lard.     Ph.  r.  §r. 

A  milder  ointment, —  Ung.  nitratis  Hydrargyri 

—is  made  with  triple  tbe  quantity  of  oil 

an  I  lard.     It  is  stimulant  and  detergent,  and  is 

-    an    application  to  berpes.  porrigo, 

:  aneous   eruptions.      The  weaker  ointment 

;  ised  in  ophthalmia  tarsi,  Ac. 

Unoi    hm    Hydrargyri    Ni'trico - ox'ydi,  I 

I  i' tie  hydrargyri  sea  Oxydi  Hydrargyri 

■       I    m    U  rubri    PL   U.  8  I,  U.  deulox'- 

i.  ■<■■  ati  sea  Hydrargyri  rubri  sea  ex 

la' to  ruhin  sea  mercuvii  rubrum 

tihal'micum   rubrum   sea   tubnitra'tie  //»/- 

Bal'eamum    ophthal'micum    rnbrum, 

0      I  of   '/>  reury,  l!<  d  Pre- 

'.   Qolden    Ointment,  Singleton's 

if ,  Irarg.  oxid.   rnbr.  in  pulv.  gub- 

*,j  ;    i'li'j.    8imj>(.   3J.      Add   the   "Xy  I,   re- 


duced to  a  fu  menr. 

/'/'/.  / '.  8.)     Btimulant  and  escbarotic.     Applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  to  inflammation  of  tbe  tarsi,  I 

,  m  bieh  has  been  long  used 
-  of  seal  led  bead,  and  of  «b runic  cut 
in  general,  is  made  as  follows: — p 
net.  ^j;  hydrarg.  orid.  rubr.  ,^-s:   hyd.  < 
mit.  J  i:  :  •■/.  mir.  J;\\.     Melt  the 

last  two,  and  add  the  others  in  line  powder. 

Urgprntum    Hydrargyri   Oxim  Rubri,  Un- 
guentum   hydrargyri   nitrico-oxydi — u.  ex   Ily- 
drargyro  oxydato  rubro,  Unguentum  bydrargyri 
nitrioo-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  oxydi  rubri, 
en  turn  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydL 

Ungubryum  Hydrargyri  PRiBCiPiTa'Ti 
U.  Hydrar'gyri  ammoniu'ti,  (Ph.  U.    \ 
muria'tie  hydrargyri  ammanin'ti  sen  ad  tvnbiem 
Zelleri  sen    mercuria'li  album  sen  mundif 

lercu'rio  praeipitu'to  sen  catcie  hy- 
drargyri  nlliip.    Ointment    <•/  white    preci] 
(Hyd.  <imtimii.  t^j.  nmi.  si  in  j, I.  ^iss.     Melt  the  fat, 
and  add  the  precipiiate. )     Detergent.     Used  ill 
cutaneous  eruptions,  to  destroy  vermin,  .v.''. 

Ungukctum  Hydrargyri  Kobri,  U.  Hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  submuriatie 
ammoniati,  V .  Hydrargyri  prsecipitati  albi  —  u. 
Hydrargyrici  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydi — a.  Hydrargyri  subnitratis,  U.  hyd 
nitrico-oxydi  —  U.  Hydrargyri  snpernitrati>.  I'. 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Inlusi  meloes  vesicatorii, 
U.  lyttSB  —  u.  Irritans.  U.  lytl 

Ungubn'tum  I"I>'im,  U.  fodin'ii,  Ointment  of 
Todine.  (fodin.  J^j  :  Potaee.  ioiliil.  gr.  iv  :  A<imp, 
TV^vi;  Ailijn's.  t5J.  Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  tir.-t 
with  the  water  until  liquefied,  and  then  with  the 
lard  until  mixed.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  local 
application  to  goitrous  and  other  swellings. 

U.VGfKNTI'M     loIl'lNI     ('i)Ml'OS'lTIM,      / '.    I<><lill'ii 

compositum,  <  Compound  Ointment  of  Iodine.   ( Fodin 
gas;  Potaeeii iodid.  ,5.j :  Alcohol,  fgj;  adipi*  ,=;  j 

Kui)  the  iodine  and  iodide  first  with  the  alcohol 

and  then  with  tbe  lard  until  they  are  well  mixed. 

Ph.  r.  s.) 

Ungurotoh  Lau'rihum,  O'leum  lau'rinum, 
Adep*  lauro-medica'tue,  Bay  Ointment.  (P.  On- 
gnent  ou  Huile  <le  lanrier.  (Fol.  lauri,  500  p., 
tulip.  Knillcp.  loon  p.  K.ruise  in  a  marble  mortar; 
evaporate  all  humidity  by  boiling;  and  add  Bay 
berrien.  in  powder,  500  p.  Digest  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Reputed  to  be  corro- 
borant and  nervine.     It  is  simply  emollient. 

Unguentum  Lknitivim,  L'.  de  altlnea — u.  Li- 
liaceum,  Crinorayron. 

Urgubrtdm  IiVTr.F,  1'n'j.  canthar'idie sen  veev- 
cato'rium  sen  irri'tans  sen  ad  vesica' ta  Ben  infn'ei 
m el' ops  vesicato'rii  sen  epispae'ticnm  mit"iiiv, 
Blistering  Salve,  Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies,  Oint- 
mt  ut  of  In/union  of  Spanish  Fliee,Milder  li/ix'ti  ring 
Ointment.  (Oantharid.  in  pulv.  5ij  ;  "</"<. 
lot.  Oss  ;  serai,  resin.  ,^vij.  Boil  down  the  water 
with  tbe  Spanish  flies  to  one-half,  and  strain; 
then  mix  tbe  cerate  with  the  strained  liquor,  ami 
evaporate  to  the  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  8.) 
It  is  stimulant  and  epispastio;  and  is  chiefly 
used  for  keeping  up  the  discharge  from  a  blistered 
surface. 

1'via  kvti'm  Lvrr.i:  MBDICA'TUir,  Adept  can- 
tharid'ibut  medica'tue,  Poma'tum  sen  Unguentum 
epispas'ticum  iir'i<le  ttim'ulant  ae'ribus, 
blit'tering  Ointment,  (P.)  Pommade  ipi*pastiqttl 
fete.  (Pom  ati  sen  unguenti  canthnrid.  0 1  p., 
unguent. pop ul ei  168  p.,  <er(p,  alhce  -.">li  p.,  enpri 
a. -tot.,  , ., ■/.  opii,  aa  24  p.     Melt  tbe  unguentum 

populeum,    and    wax,    and    add,    as    they  Cool,  the 

oxyd  of  copper,  oantharideSj  and  opium.  Ph.  P.) 

1     •■    -.imc  as  the  last. 

l'\ori\'iM        KviT.r       MbDICA'TUM        V'l.HI), 

Ad' ft  cantharid'ibus  medica'tut  t  fine,  Poma'tum 

■  ■■•ii  flavutH   tt   mil"  in  .    '  /Hitter- 


UNGUENTUM 


944 


UNGUENTUM 


ing  Ointment,  (F.)  Pom  made  fpispasfique  janne. 
(Pulr.  cantharid.  120  p.,  adip.  prcep.  1680  p., 
aquce  250  p.  Melt  the  lard;  mix  the  cantharides, 
and  add  the  water  at  the  same  time  ;  place  the 
whole  on  a  gentl«  fire;  stir  continually  for  two 
hours,  and  add  a  little  water  to  replace  that  which 
has  been  evaporated.  Pass  through  linen  and 
strain.  Keep  it  in  a  water-bath,  and  add  pow- 
dered turmeric,  8  p.  Let  it  cool  till  the  super- 
fluous liquid  separates;  pour  off  and  add  yellow 
wax,  250  p.,  Oil  of  Lemon,  8  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  com- 
plex preparation.     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

An  ointment,  not  very  philosophically  com- 
bined, was  used  by  Dr.  Physick,  which  is  known 
by  the  name  of  "Dr.  Physick's  Issue  Ointment." 
It  is  made  by  boiling  half  an  ounce  of  powdered 
cantharides  in  two  ounces  of  rose-water,  and  eva- 
porating until  one-half  of  the  fluid  is  driven  off, 
having  previously  added  15  grains  of  tartar  emetic. 
The  decoction  is  to  be  strained,  and  three  ounces 
of  olive  oil,  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  white  wax,  and 
one  ounce  of  spermaceti  added  to  it,  and  the  mix- 
ture then  boiled  till  all  the  water  is  evaporated. 

Unguentum  Melanicum  Causticum,  Causti- 
cum  ^Ethiopicum. 

Unguentum  Mercuriale  Album,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercuriale  citri- 
num,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  e  Mer- 
curio  praaeipitato,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prae- 
cipitati albi  —  u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  Mundificans  Zelleri, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi. 

Unguentum  Meze'kei,  Ointment  of  Mezereon. 
(Jlezer.  incis.  transversim,  ,^iv;  adipis,  -jxiv; 
cercB  afbee,  ^ij ;  moisten  the  mezereon  with  a 
little  alcohol,  and  beat  in  an  iron  mortar,  until 
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass ;  then  digest  it  with 
the  lard,  in  a  salt-water  bath,  for  12  hours  ;  strain 
forcibly,  and  allow  the  strained  liquor  to  cool 
slowly,  so  that  any  undissolved  matters  may 
subside;  from  these  separate  the  medicated  lard; 
melt  it  with  the  wax  at  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
constantly  till  they  are  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  To 
keep  open  blisters,  issues,  &c. 

Unguentum  Muria'tis  Hydrargyri  Oxyge- 
NA'to  Medica'tum,  Adeps  muria'te  hydrargyri 
oxygena'to  medicatus,  Cyrillo's  Ointment,  (F.) 
Pommade  de  Cyrillo.  (Ilydrar.  oxymnr.  4  p.; 
adipis  8villi  prcep.  32  p. — Ph.  P.)  Antivenereal 
and  alterative.     Used  in  friction,  ^ss  at  a  time. 

Unguentum  Nardinum,  see  Xardus  Indica  — 
u.  Neapolitanum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  —  u. 
Nervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuci  —  u.  Nitricum 
seu  oxygenatum.  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi. 

Unguentum  Ophthal'micum,  Adeps  ox'ido  hy- 
drargyri rnbro  et  plund/i  aceta'te  medica'tns,  lie- 
gent's  Pommade  ophthalmique,  (F.)  Pommade  oph- 
thalmiqne.  (Butyr.  recent.,  aq.  rosar.  lavat.  aa  4i 
p. ;  camp>hor.,  oxyd.  hydrarg.  rubr.,  acetatis plumbi, 
aa  0.25  p.  Mix  intimately. — Ph.  P.)  In  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  tarsi. 

Unguentum  Ophthalmicum,  Unguentum  oxidi 
zinci  impuri — u.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  O'pii,  Ointment  of  Opium.  (Opii 
pulv.  J}j  ;  adipis  :§j  ;  M. — Ph.  L.)  To  be  used 
where  the  local  application  of  opium  by  inunction 
is  needed. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hydrargyri  Cine'rei, 
Adeps  seu  Unguentum  ex  hydrargyro  mit'ius  dic- 
tum cinereum,  Ointment  of  gray  oxide  of  mercury, 
(F.)  Ongnent  gris.  (Ovyd.  hydrarg.  ciner.  p.  j  ; 
adipis  suilli,  p.  iij.  —  Ph.  E.)  Properties  like 
the  mercurial  ointment.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Plumbi  Albi,  U.  cems'sce 
seu  album  seu  subaceta'tis  plumbi,  Ointment  of 
white  oxide  of  lead,  White  ointment.  (Ung.  sim- 
plicis,  p.  v;  oxyd.  plumb,  alb.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E.  and 


P.)  Cooling  and  desiccative.  Applied  to  exco- 
riated and  burnt  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Oxidi  Plumbi  Carbonati,  U. 
Plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Oxidi  zinci,  Unguen- 
tum zinci. 

r.NctENTUM  Ox'idi  Zinci  Impu'ri,  U.  tu'tice  seu 
ophthal'micum  seu  diapomphol'ygos,  Adeps  ox'- 
idi zinci  medica'tns,  Eye-solve,  Tutty  ointment, 
Ointment  of  impure  oxide  of  zinc.  (Linim.  simp/. 
p.  v;  oxyd.  zinc.  imp.  prcep.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E.) 
Generally  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi  and  atonic 
ophthalmia. 

Unguentum  Pins  Liq'uid^e,  U.  Picis  seu  e 
Pice,  Tar  Ointment.  (Picis  liquid.,  sevi,  sing. 
Tbj.  Melt,  and  stir  till  cold.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant and  detergent.  Used  in  tinea  capitis,  and 
other  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Picis  Nigr^e.  Unguentum  resinae 
nigrae  —  u.  Plumbi  acetatis,  Ceratum  plumbi  su- 
peracetatis  —  u.  Plumbi  carbonatis,  Unguentum 
plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Ointment  of  Lead.  (Emp.  Plumbi,  tbiij  ;  ol.  oliv. 
f^xviij  ;  cret.  prcepar.  ^vj  ;  acid.  acet.  dil.  f,^vj. 
Dissolve  the  plaster  in  the  oil  with  a  slow  fire; 
then  add  the  chalk,  and  afterwards  the  acid,  con- 
stantly stirring  until  they  become  cold. — Ph.  L.) 
Used  as  a  dressing  to  flabby,  indulent  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Iod'idi.  Ointment  of  Io- 
dide of  Lead.  (Plumb,  iodid.  ^j  ;  adipis,  ^viij  ; 
M. — Ph.  L.)  Used  as  a  eutrophic  in  chronic, 
glandular,  and  other  swellings. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Oxydi  Carbonati,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u. Plumbi  subace- 
tatis,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi — u.  Plumbici 
carbonatis,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Subcarbona'tis,  U. plum- 
bi carbona'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  album  seu  album 
simj)lex  seu  carbona'tis  jjlumbici  seu  cerus'sce  seu 
oxidi  plumbi  carbona'ti,  Cera'tum  de  cerus'sd,  (F.) 
Onguent  blanc  de  Rhazes,  O.  de  ceruse,  O.  de 
Tomamira.  (Plumbi  carbonat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss. 
,!'j;  Unguent,  simpl.  fi)j.  Add  the  carbonate  of 
lead  to  the  ointment  previously  softened  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  mix.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Chiefly  used 
as  a  dressing  for  burns. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  U.  ace- 
ta'tis  plumbi  seu  satumi'num  seu  cents' ace  aceta'- 
tce,  Bal'samum  universa'le,  Ointment  of  sugar  of 
lead.  (Olive  oil,  Ibss ;  white  wax,  ^iss;  super- 
acetate  of  lead,  ^ij.)  Cooling,  desiccative.  Called, 
also,  Balsamum  satumi'num,  Buty'rum  satur'ni, 
Linimen'tum  plumba'tum,  Poma'tum  satur'ni, 
Ung.  triphar'macum. 

Unguentum  Popule'um,  Adeps  piapav' ere,  fty- 
oscy'amo,  et  belladon'nd  medica'tns.  Fresh  buds 
of  the  2}0Pn^us  nigra,  500  p.,  macerated  in  adeps 
suillus  prcep.  melted,  1500  p.,  for  24  hours.  Pre- 
serve this.  Take  black  poppy  leaves,  belladonna, 
hyoscyamus,  black  nightshade,  aa  128  p.;  bruise 
in  a  mortar  with  the  former  preparation  ;  boil 
until  all  the  humidity  is  evaporated,  and  .-train. — 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Applied  to  local  inflamma- 
tions, hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  cancer,  &c. 
Green  elder  ointment  is  often  sold  for  this. 

Unguentum  Populeum,  see  Populus. 

Unguentum  Potas's.*:  Hydrioda'tis.  U.  po- 
tas'sii  iod'idi  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ointment  of  hydri'odate 
of  potass.  (Potass,  iodid.  in  pulv.  subtil.  !^j  ;  aq. 
bui/ient.  f^j  ;  adipis,  ^j.  Dissolve  the  iodide  in 
the  water,  and  mix  the  solution  with  the  lard. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Half  a  drachm  of  this  ointment  is 
rubbed  on  scrofulous  glands,  goitre.  4c. 

Unguentum  Potassii  Iodidi,  Unguentum  Po- 
tassae  Hydriodatis  —  u.  Pulveris  meloes  vesica- 
torii,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Eesinas  flavas, 
Ceratum  resinae  flava?. 

Unguentum  Resi'n^e  Nigrae,  U.  resince  nigrum 
seu  basil'icon  nigrum  seu  Picis  nigra  seu  Picis 


UNGUEXTUM 


04 


UNITING   BANDAGE 


tttrapharm'acum,  Black  basillron,  Black  resin 
ointment,  Ointment  of  pitch.  Ointment  <•/  black 
pitch.  (Eetin  niar.f  earm  fUnm,  reeinat  /lav,  el 
5ix  :  olei  olivet,  <»j. — Ph.  L.)  Uses,  the  saine  as 
the  '■  •ntum  retina  or  Yellow  batilieon. 
1'm.i  in  !  :  M     IlKsiNt;     Rim    SyXYBSTBIS 

:.  Unguentum  de  Althset — a.  Resinosum, 

Cerntimi  regime  fiavss —  u.  Reaumptivum,  Un- 
guentum de  altha 

m  Sabibjb.  Centum  Sabine). 
i     Sambu'gi,    l  .    eambu'cinnm    sen 
tterri' iii:m,  Oreen   ointment,    Eld*  r   ointment,  (F.) 
Ongut  %ambuci  /lor.  tt>ij  ;  adipit 

presp.  fbij.     Boil. — Ph.  L.)     Emollient. 

h  Satukhinuh,  Unguentum  plnmbi 
■aperacetatis — a.  ad  Bcabiem  Zellin,  Unguentam 
hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi — n.  Simplex,  Ceratum 
Galen  i,  Unguentum  oerse — u.  Solidum  de  cieuta, 
Bmplastrum  cioutse — u.  Spermatii  ceti,  Unguen- 
tum  eel 

Uifei  bwtom  Stramo'htj,  Ointment  of  Stramo'- 
nium.  [Ext.  ttramon.  foL  3j  ;  mi t pin.  (^j.  Rub 
the  extract  with  a  little  water  until  uniformly 
■oft,  and  then  with  the  lard.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  An 
anodyne  ointment  to  irritable  ulcere,  hemorrhoids, 
Ac. 

M  SpBACBTA'tTS  CrPRI,  U.  Ctipri 
tnbaceta'ti*  (Ph.  I'.  8.)  sen  deter' genu  Ben  basil' - 
icum  vir'ide  sen  csru'ginie,  Bal'tamum  viridi, 
Ointment  of  eubacetate  of  copper,  Ver'digrit  oint- 
ment. (Cupri  tubacet.  in  pulv.  Bubtiliss.  33  S  "".'/• 
simp'.  ,t-\v.  Add  the  subaet  tate  to  the  ointment 
previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
till  cold. — Ph.  U.  8.)    Detergent  and  escharotio. 

SULPHOB  k'TI  M     AD    Sca'BIBH, 

A<ii  pt  sul'phuri  et  ammo'nics  muria'te  medica'tu*. 
[Adipit,  120  p.;  snlph.  lot.  60  ]>. :  aniRoiitfl  »m- 
)  int..  alumina  tulphat.  aa  4  p. ;  fiat  nnguentum. — 
Ph.  P.i     Antipsorio. 

Bailey' a  Itch  Ointment  is  composed  of  olive  oil, 
lord,  nitre,  alum,  sulphate  ofzine,  and  cinnabar; 
scented  with  oil  of  aniseed,  oil  of  origanum,  and 
oil  of  tpike,  and  coloured  with  alkanet-root. 

!.mi\[    8ulphdba'tum    Alcali'hum   ad 

Sca'bikm,  Adept  tulph'ure  et  car  bona' te  potatta 

Alcnline  Sulphur  a' ted  Itch 

Ointment.      (Adip.  prop,  hur.  lot.  200 

p.;  carbonat.  potatt,  pur.  100  p.;  fiat  ung. — Ph. 
P.)     Use,  sain"  as  the  last 

inn's  Itch  Ointment  resembles  this.  It  is 
coloured  with  cinnabar,  and  scented  with  essence 
of  bergamot, 

intim  Sui/PHUBIS,  XT.  e  tulph'ure,  Sul- 
phur ointment.  (Snlph.  ftj  ;  (,,/ip.  Ihij. — I'll.  II. 
S.)  Used  chiefly  in  itch,  and  some  herpetic 
affections. 

I  BTOM  SOLPHURIfl  CONPOs'lTUM,  U.  An- 
iim.  Compound  Sulphur  Ointment,  Itch 
Ointment,  Jackton't  Itch  (Hutment,  Pommade  An- 
tiptoriqut  de  Jutter.  [Snlph.  tublim.  Bbas;  ra- 
ratri  rod.  contus.  .^ij:  potatta  nitrat.  !£j ;  sapo- 
nin mollis.  tVs;  adipit,  Ebisa;  oL  bergamot, 
RLXXX. —  P  I'm. t  i:\tim    SuLPHURlS 

Pharm.  V .  8.  is  made  aa  fol- 
lows':— Sulphur,  gj  ;  hvdrargyri  ammonia t.,  acid, 
benzoic.  as  ~:  :  •■>.  bergamot.,  acid  eulphuric.  aa 
f.^j  :  potatta  nitrat,  Jij  j  adipit,  mss.  To  the 
melted  lard  add  the  other  ingredients,  and  stir 
till  cold.  Use,  the  same  as  the  last;  hut  it  is 
more  stimulating. 

BXTUM    SOLPH'OHIS    IOD'lDI,    Ointment    of 

Fodide  of  Sulphur.  (Sulphur,  iodid.  JJssj  adi- 
pit, Jj.  Rub  the  iodide  with  a  little  of  the  lard  ; 
add  the  remainder,  and  mix.  —  Ph.  U.S.)  An 
nt  application  in  chronic  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. 

Uhgurhtdm  Sustndv,  CHnomyTon. 

i.mim  Tab'aci,  Tobacco  Ointment  (Ta- 
lac.  >■■  .  5jj  adipit,  Ibj.     Boil  the  to- 

ol) 


baeco  in   the  lard,  over  a  gentle  fire,  till  it  In- 
comes  trial. le  ;   then   strain    through   linen. —  Ph. 
Applied   to    irritable    Blears,   tinea   capi- 
I 
Dboubbtvm   Tartabj   Kmftici,  U.  antimonii 

tartari/.ati  —  U.  Tartan  stibiati,  V.  antimonii  tar- 
tari/ati  —  u.  e  Tartam  potassSB  stibiati,  D.  anti- 
monii tartari/.ati  —  u.  Tartratis  potaSSSB  Stibiati, 
D.  antimonii  tartari/.ati  —  u.  de  Terebinthinl  et 
adipibus,  U.  elemi  oompositum  —  u.  de  Terebin- 
thina  et  eera,  I.  de  althaea —  u.  Terebinth i 
OTorum  vitelli.  I".  digestirum  simplex — n.  Tetra- 
pharmaeum,  Basilicon,  U.  reeinsB  nigrse — u.  Tri- 
pharmaeum,  V.  plumbi  superacetatis  —  u.  Tutise, 
U.  oxidi  iinci  ImpurL 

Tm;i  r.sn  M  VbBA'TOT,  U,  Yeratri  albi  (Ph.  T'. 
S.)  seu  heUeb'ori  albi,  White  hellebon  ointment. 
(  Veratr,  pulr.  ^ij:  adipit,  5V'"J  •  "'"'  linton. 
HLxx.)  l*.-e<l  in  cases  of  itch,  where  sulphur  is 
objected  to.     It  is  not  equally  efficacious. 

The  principal   ingredients  in  the  Bdibbbboh 

Ointmknt  are  white  helltbore  and  muriate  of  am- 
monia. 

DHStJBBTBH  AD  VeSICATA,  F.  lytta1  —  u.  ad 
Vesicatoria,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Vesieato- 
rium,  Unguentum  lyttm. 

DlTaUBHTUM  Zim  [,  /'.  ox'idi  zinci  sen  tinci 
Oficidi  (Ph.  L_.  8.),  Zinc  ointment.  (Zinci  oxid. 
5.j ;  adipit,  ^vj.)  Use,  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Unguentum  tutiep. 

Dnbubbtum  Zinci  Oxidi.  U.  zinci. 

UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor.  Nail,  Onyx, 
Pterygion  —  u.  Avis,  Hippocampus  minor  —  u. 
llalleri.  Hippocampus  minor — u.  Odoratus,  Blatta 
Bjzantia. 

Ubouis  Os,  Os  lacryma'le.  A  small,  quadri- 
lateral, very  thin,  and  semi-transparent  bone, 
which  has  been  compared  to  a  human  nail,  and 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
orbit.  It  aids  in  the  formation  of  the  lachrymal 
gutter  and  the  nasal  duet.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid,  and 
inferior  spongy  bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle puiictnm  ottificationit. 

I'XGULA  CABALLINA,  Tussilago. 

UNGUL.fi  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

UNHEALTHY,  Sickly. 

UNICORN  HOOT,  Chamalirium  Interim. 

UNILOCULAR,  Unilocula'rit,  from  nn«#, 
'one,'  and  loculut,  (diminutive  of  locus.)  'a  cell.' 
Having  one  cell  or  cavity,  as  biloc'ular  means 
having  two  cells  or  cavities;  multilobular,  having 
many. 

UNIO,  Pearl. 

UNIOCULUS,  Cyclops,  Monocnlus. 

UNION  BY  THE  FIRST  AND  SECOND 
INTENTIONS,  see  Intention. 

UNIPARIENS,  Uniparou* 

UNIPARIENT,  Uniparous. 

UNIP'AROUS,  Unipa'rient,  Unipariene,  from 
unus,  'one,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Pro- 
ducing one  at  a  birth. 

UNISE'MA  DELTIPO'LIA,  Pontede'ria  cor- 
da'ta,  Shovel  Pickerelweed,  Pond  Shovel,  Shovel- 
leaf,  Water  Plantain.  An  indigenous  plant,  Ord, 
Pontederiacess,  Sip*.  Sytt.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 
which  grows  in  water,  and  flowers  from  June  to 
August.     The  root  is  emollient  and  astringent 

UNITAIEES  [MONSTEB&  m  nni. 

toe,  'oneness.'  A  class  of  monsters  in  which  are 
found  only  the  complete  or  incomplete  elements 
of  a  single  individual.  In  contradistinction  to 
Compound  monsters,  (F.)  Monttret  comp 
which  there  are  the  complete  or  incomplete  ele- 
ments of  more  than  one. 

UNI'TING    BANDAGE,  (F.)  Ba 
sant.     A    bandage   for    bringing    the 

wound    into    approximation.     Tho    arrangement 


TJNIVOCAL   GENERATION 


946 


URETHRA 


of  such  a  bandage  differs  according  as  the  wound 
is  transverse  or  longitudinal. 

UNIVOCAL  GENERATION,  see  Generation. 

UN0CULU8,  Borgne.  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

UNORGANIZED,  Inorganic. 

DNSTRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

UNWELL,  see  Menstruation. 

UPAS.  A  word  used  in  the  Archipelagos  of 
Molucca  and  Sunda,  and  signifying  Vegetable 
Poison,  Tpo,  Bolton,  Pohon,  or  Boa  or  Boon  Upon, 
Upon,  Pohon  Antiar,  Antejar,  A  substance  used 
by  the  natives  of  those  places  for  poisoning  their 
arrows.  The  smallest  quantity  is  capable  of  de- 
stroying the  largest  animal.  The  tree  which 
produces  it  is  said  to  he  the  Antia'ria  Toxica' via. 
Another  species  of  upas,  U.  Tiente,  Tahettik  or 
Tjettek,  is  the  produce  of  a  Strycluios,  S.  Tiente. 
Many  idle  stories  arc  told  regarding  the  upas, 
most  of  which  are  fabulous. 


UREMA,  Urine. 
I  REM  IE,  Uraemia. 
UREN,  Urea. 
URENIUM,  Urea. 

URENS,  Caustic. 

UREORRHCEA,  Diabetes. 

URESLffiSTHESIS,  Diuresia?sthesis. 

URESIS,  Micturition. 

URE'TER,  ovpnrtip.  Same  etymon  as  Urate. 
U'rqna,  Vena  alba  renum,  Cana'lia  uer'vetta fiatn- 
lo'sus  renum,  Ductus  seu  Ductor  Uri'ncB,  Vox  uri- 
na'rium,  (F.)  Uretere.  A  long,  excretory  canal 
—  membranous  and  cylindrical  —  which  conveys 
the  urine  from  the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  between  the  pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney, with  which  it  is  continuous,  and  the  las  fond 
of  the  bladder,  into  which  it  opens.  It  enters  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part,  for  some  distance 


between   the  coats,  and  opens  into   the  cavity  of 

from  ovpov,  the  bladder,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  Trigone 

'urine,*  and  «v«,  '  I  contain.'    (F.)  Ouraone.    The  «*"«*     T,lie  nreteT  ls    fon»edu  "f  an    exterior, 

urachus.  in  certain  animals,  is  a  long  membranous  white,  opake,  and  nbrous  membrane;  and  ot  au 

canal,  which  arises  from   the  bladder,  makes  its  "^  which  w  mucous. 

exit  from  the  abdomen  by  the  umbilicus,  and  ter-  \l\ LTE^AJ/  G IA^'  : fr0:m  ™?™?l'}  1'/."reter' 

minates  in  the  pouch  called  aUantnia.     According 
to  Sabatier,  this  is  the  arrangement  of  the  ura 


chus  in  the  human  foetus;  but  Bichat  and  other 
anatomists  consider,  that  when  the  canal  exists 
in  it,  it  is  a  malformation.  They  regard  it  as  a 
kind  of  suspensory  ligament  of  the  bladder,  ex- 
tending from  the  top  of  that  organ  to  the  umbili- 
cus :  and,  at  the  umbilicus,  confounded  with  the 
abdominal  aponeurosis. 

URACRATIA,  Enuresis. 

URACUS,  Urachus. 

URJS'MIA,  Urh<Bfmia,(E.)  Urimieffrova  ovpov, 
'urine,'  and  'aipa,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  contains  urine  or  urea. 

URALI,  Curare. 

URANA,  Ureter. 

URANE,  Urinal. 

URANISCONI'TIS,  from  ovpavi<rKog,  'the  pa- 
late,' and  ids,  denoting  inflammation.  Palati'tia. 
Inflammation  of  the  palate. 

I"  RANISCOPLAS'TY,  Uraniacoploa'tice,  from 
ovoavioKos,  'the  palate,'  and  -Xuo-tikos.  'forming.' 
The  operation  of  engrafting  in  case  of  deficiency 
of  the  soft  palate. 

URANISCORRHAPHY,  Stapbylorraphy. 

URANISCOS,  Palate. 

URANORRHAPHY,  Staphylorraphy. 

URAPOSTE'MA,  Abaeea'aua  urino'aua,  Uroe- 
de'ma,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  u-oartjpa,  'an  ab- 
scess.' A  tumefaction  produced  by  the  escape  of 
urine.     An  abscess  containing  urine. 

URARI,  Curare. 

URAS,  Urate. 

URATE,  Cms,  Lithate,  Litlias ;  from  ovpov, 
'urine.'  A  generic  name  for  salts,  formed  by  the 
combination  of  uric  or  lithic  acid  with  different 
bases.  Urate  or  Lithate  of  Soda,  for  example,  is 
found  in  arthritic  and  certain  urinary  concre- 
tions:—  Urate  or  Lithate.  of  Ammo' nia  in  certain 
urinary  deposits. 

URE'A,  Uren,  Ureti'ium,  U'ricum,  ifate'ria 
vrino'sa,  Princip'  inm  seu  Sal  urino'xnm,  X*ph- 
riue,  (F.)  Uree.  Same  etymon.  A  white,  pearly, 
brilliant  substance,  in  transparent  plates,  ino- 
dorous, and  of  a  cool  taste  ;  very  soluble  in  water  ; 
deliquescent,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  exists, 
in  great  quantity,  in  the  urine:  and  is  an  essen- 
tial part  of  it.  It  has  been  used  as 
Dose.  gr.  xv  to  ^j, 

UREC'CHYSIS,  Ureeh'yaia,  from  ovpov.  'urine,' 
and  ikxvo-ls,  'effusion.'    Effusion  of  uriue  into  the 
cellular  membrane. 
UREDO,  Urticaria. 
UREE,  Urea. 


ter, — as  from  calculus.   Ureterul'gt'a  calculo'aa. 

Ureteralgia  Calcclosa,  see  Ureteralgia — u. 
Inflammatoria,  Ureteritis. 

URETERE.  U-eter. 

URETER'ICUS.  An  epithet  for  ischury.  Ac, 
arising  from  an  affection  of  the  ureter. 

URETERI'TIS,  Ureteral 'gia  injlammato'ria, 
Ureterophlegma'aia,  from  ureter,  and  itia,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  ureter; 
generallv  caused  by  calculus. 

URETERO-LITHTCUS,     from     ureter,     and 

Xi&os,  'a  stone.'     An  epithet  applied  to  ischury 

'  or  other  affection  caused  by  a  stone  in  the  ureter. 

URETEROL'ITIIUS.  Same  etymon.  Calcu- 
j  lus  in  the  ureter. 

URETEROPHLEOMASIA.  Ureteritis. 

URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS,  from  ureter, 
and  dXeypa,  'phlegm  or  mucus.'  An}-  affection 
caused  by  mucus  accumulated  in  the  ureter. 

URETERO-PYTCUS,  from  ureter,  and  wov, 
'pus.'  An  epithet  applied  to  affections  caused  by 
the  presence  of  pus  in  the  ureter. 

URETERORRHAG'TA,from  ureter,  and  pay,,, 
'rupture.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  ureter. 

URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS,  from  ureter,  and 
GTopa,  'orifice.'     That  which  is  dependent  upon 

I  obstruction  of  the  orifice  of  the  ureter. 
URETERO-THROMBOI'DES,    from    ureter, 

$(iop(3os,  'grumous  blood,'  and  eiios,  'resemblance.' 
Ischury  from  grumous  blood  in  the  ureter. 

URE'THRA,  ovprjSpa,  Cana'lia  seu  Mea'tns  seu 

Ductus   urina'rius,    I  riaa,    Ure'trn,   Fis'tuia    nri- 

na'ria,  her  uriua'rium  seu  Uri'neej  (F.)  Uretluc, 

Uretre,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'     The  excretory  ducts 

for  the  urine  in  both  sexes;  and  for  the  sperm  in 

man.     In  the  latter,  it  is  8  or  10  inches  long  :  and 

,:  extends  from  the  neck  of  the  bladder  to  the  ex- 

i   tremity  of  the  penis,  in  which  its  external  aper- 

\\  ture  is  situate.     In  the  male  urethra,  three  por- 

i  tions  are  distinguished: — 1.   A  Prostatic  portion, 

near  the  bladder,  about  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in 

length,    which    traverses   the   prostate    gland:  — 

2.   A  membranous  portion,  Isthmus  ure'thrce,  Para 

ure'thrce   membrana'cea,  from   8  to  10  lines   long, 

\\  which  is  separated  from  the  rectum  by  the  areo- 

jj  lar  tissue  only: — 3.  A  epongy  portion,  which   ex- 

a  diuretic,     pands,  anteriorly,  to  form  the  glans,  and  which 

i   commences  at   the  bulb  of  the    urethra.     Before 

ji  opening   externally,  the  canal   has  a  dilatation, 

called    the  Fossa   or   Foaaic'uln   navicula'ris.      On 

jj  the   interior  of  the  urethra   two  white  lines  are 

j;  perceptible  —  the    one    above,  the    other    below. 

II  The  latter  commences  at  the  verumontanum;  and 


URETHRAL 


9  17 


URINARY 


at  the  surface  of  this,  the  ejaeulatoru  duett,  and 
proetatic  duct*  open.  The  urethra  is  Lined,  in  its 
whole  extent,  by  ■  mneoni  membrane;  on  which 
ii,  particularly  at  the  hulh,  t lie  orifices  of 
a  Dumber  of  follicular  duets,  Lacuna  or  Muueee 
of  Jlorgagni.  At  about  an  inch  ami  a  half  from 
the  opening  of  the  meatus,  one  of  these  lacunas  ia 
generally  found,  much  larger  than  the  rest,  and 
i.«  oamed  Lacuna  Magna,  The  arteries  of  the 
urethra  are  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  in- 
ternal pudie, — the  largest  branches  entering  the 
bulb.  The  veins  follow  the  course  of  the  arteries. 
The  lymphatics  pasa  into  the  inguinal  and  hypo- 
gastric plexuses.  The  1  from  the  pu- 
die iiiul  gluteal.  In  the  female,  the  urethra  is 
only  about  an  inch  long.  It  la  wider  than  in 
man.    and    susceptible    of  great    dilatation.      It    is 

very  wide  at  it.-  commencement ;  and  descenda 
obliquely  forwards,  to  terminate  at  the  top  of  the 
external  aperture  of  the  vagina  by  the  mca'tus 
urina'riu*.  In  its  course,  it  is  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  being  forwards. 

Dbbthra,  Bund  Do<  is  or  tot,  Bee  Csecus  — 
u.  Mucous  lacunsa  of  the,  see  Csecus. 

URETHRAL,  Urethra' lit ,  Ure'tkHetu,  Re- 
lating to  the  urethra. 

URETHRAL'GIA,  from  urethra,  and  aXyoj, 
•pain.'     Pain  in  the  urethra.     Gonorrhoea. 

URllTBRE,  Urethra. 

1  RETH REM PHR AXIS,  Urethrophraxis, 

URE1  II  K  Ills.  Gonorrhoea. 

Tit  i:  1  BROBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  urethra, 
jSXrvru,  'mucus,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow.'  Gonorrhoea; 
gleet. 

URETHROCTSTAUCHENOTOMIA,  see  Li- 
thotomy. 

UR  KTHROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM- 
Lithotomy. 

URETHROCTSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA,  see 
Lithotomy. 

URETHROH.SMORRHAGIA,  Urethrorrha- 
gia. 

h  B  BTHROPHRAX'IS,  Urethremphrax'ie, 
from  urethra,  and  ipaoou,  T  obstruct.1  Obstruc- 
tion of  the  urethra. 

URETHROPLAS'TICf0,retfro»W/i«»s/froin 
urethra,  and  TrXaaau).  'I  form.'  An  epithet  given 
to  the  operation,  Vrethroplaaty,  which  Bupplies 
defects  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra  through  which 
the  urine  escapes. 

URETHRORRHA'GIA,  Urethrohamorrha'- 
gia,  Caulorrha'gia  seu  Hasmatu'ria  atillatit"ia, 
from  iir<  thru,  ami  pnywui,  '  I  break  out.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  the  urethra.  —  Frank. 

URETHRORRHOPA,  from  urethra,  and  peu, 
'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  any  kind  from  the 
urethra. 

URETHROSTENOSIS,  Strietn'ra  ure'thrat, 
Urethrotten'ia,  (  F. )  R£trfcie*ement 
rf<  VUrithre,  from  urethra,  and  crciwois,  'narrow- 
Stricture  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROTOME,  Urethrotome;  (P.)  Urf- 
t firnt', me,  from  urethra,  and  n/ivw,  T  cut.'  An 
instrument  so  called  by  he  Cat,  with  which  be 
divided  the  skin,  and  laid  open  the  urethra,  in 
the  operation  for  lithotomy.  Also,  an  instrument 
fur  dividing  strictures  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROTOMY,  Urethrotom'iaj  same  ety- 
mon. An  operation,  which  consists  in  opening 
the  urethra  with  the  Urethrotome,  for  the  remo- 
val of  stricture.     See  Bontonn 

i  KM  ili;\  MENO'DES,  from  urethra,  rind 
i  membrane  '  That  which  is  caused  by  a 
membrane  formed  in  the  urethra. 

I  RETICUS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 
URKTRA,  Urethra. 

I  I:  /■::>:  /;.  l  rethra. 

[S,  Urinal. 


URGINEA  SCIl. LA.  Seilla. 

I  1. 1L1  -.M  I  A.  I  rsemia. 

1  RIAS,  Fistula  (urinary),  Urethra. 

I  RIASIS,  Lithia,  I  i 

I  RIC  At  ID,  Ae"idum  u'ricum  sen  urolith'. 
in, hi  sen  lith'icum,  Lith'ic,  Uryl'ie,  Cal'culoue, 
BetoHr'dic,  Lithia'aic  or  Litheu'ie  Arid,  (F.j 
rique.  An  acid  which  exists  in  human 
urine,  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  in  the  form  of  mate 
or  urate  of  ammonia,  and  which  in  com- 
bination constitute!  ter  part  of  urinary 
calculi.  It  is  often  deposited  from  the  urine  in 
health.     Bee  Calculi,  urinary. 

I  RIC  OXIDE,  Ox'idum  u'ricnm,  Xanthic  ..... 
tuthiue,  (inns  acid.  A  substance  not  dis- 
covered in  healthy  urine,  although  probably  bear- 
ing Some  relation  to  the  yellow  colouring  matter. 
It  ia  a  very  rare  ingredient  of  calculous  CODcre- 
ind  little  is  known  either  of  its  chemical  or 
pathological  history. 

I  RI<  l  M,  l  rea. 

l  RIC1  s.  Urinary. 

I  RIDRO'SIS,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  '(C^w?, 
'sweat.'      Urinous    .-wealing.      (F.)    Sueur    uri. 

1  RINA  CERERELLA.seeCerebella— n.Chy- 
li.  Bee  Urine  —  u.  Cibi,  see  Urine  —  u.  Diabetica, 
Urine,  diabetic ' — u.  Febrilis,  Urine,  febrile  —  u. 
Furfuracea,  see  Furfuraceous — u.  Galactod 
Galactodea — u.  Genitalia,  Bperm  —  u.  Jumi 
sen  Jumentaria,  Urine,  jumentous —  n.  Mucosa, 
Cy stirrhoea  —  u.  Nepbelodcs,  gee  Nepheloid— u. 
Oroboidea  sen  Orobodes,  see  Oroboides— -u.  Peri- 
cardii, see  Pericardium  —  u.  Potfis,  see  Urine  — 
u.  Sanguinis,  see  Urine — u.  Vaccse,  Urine,  cows'. 

1  RINACCLUM,  Uracbus,  Urinal. 

1  1;I.V1.  PROFLUVIUM,  Diabetes— u.  Sup- 
pres.-io,  Ischuria  —  u.  Stillicidium,  Strangury  —  u. 
Substillum,  Strangury. 

/  RINAIRE,  Urinary. 

U'RINAL,  Urinato'rinm,  Chemib'ivm,  XPvani, 
Ure'trie,  Urinae'uhim,  Urodochium,  Urod'oche, 
Urodoche'tim,  Uratra'cium,  Matra'cinm,  JUat'ula, 
Jfatel'la;    from    urina,   'urine.'     A  name  given, 

1.  To  certain  vessels,  used  to  pass  the  urine  it  i". 

2.  'Jo  reservoirs,  of  different  shapes  and  charac- 
ter, which   are  adapted   to   the   penis,  in  PS  I 
incontinence  of  urine,  and  which  are  intended  to 
receive  the  urine  as  it  flows  off. 

URINALIS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URINARIA,  Antirhinuin  linaria,  Leontodon 
taraxacum. 

U'RIN  \l!^.  Urina'riue,  Urina'lie,  Urino'eue, 
friciiH,  Uret'icue,  (F.)  Urinaire.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  relates  to  the  urine. 

Uhinarv  Bladpbr,  Bladder,  Veei'ca  Urina'. 
ri'n,  Ci/Htis,  Urocj/e'tia,  (F.)  Veaaie.  A  musculo- 
membrannus  reservoir,  intended  for  the  reception 
of  the  urine,  until  the  accumulation  of  a  certain 
quantity  solicits  it.-  excretion.  The  Madder  ia 
situate  in  the  hypogastric  region,  between  the 
rectum  and  pubis  in  man:  and  between  the  pubis 
and  vagina  in  the  female.  Its  upper  region  is 
rered,  except  by  the  peritoneum,  posteri- 
orly. From  its  centre  Brisea  the  urachue.  Its 
lower  region  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  pros- 
tate, in  man;  and  resta  on  the  ve.-icuhi'  ,-eini- 
nales  ami  rectum.  In  the  female,  it  corresponds 
to  the  vagina.  The  lowest  i  ortion  of  this  region 
hears  the  name  Baa-fond.  The  anterior  surface 
of  the  organ  is  not  covered  by  peritoneum.  It  is 
attached  to  the  symphysis  pubia  by  a  til  > 
hilar  expansion  called  the  anterior  ligament. 
The  posterior  ligaments  or  recto  teaical  ftdda-  - 
plica}  eemilunarea  —  are  duplicatures  of  thi 
loneum  on  its  posterior  surface,  which  extend 
from  this  surface  to  the  rectum  in  the  male,  and 
to  the  Dterua  in  the  female.  The  bladder  i-  <■  tu- 
na membrane,  :   nncd  by  the  peri- 


URINATION 


948 


URINE   CR  TTE 


toneum  ;  —  of  a  muscular  membrane  ;  of  a  some- 
what thick  layer  of  areolar  tissue;  and  is  lined 
on  its  inner  surface  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
■which  is  sometimes  raised  up,  here  and  there, 
in  long  prominences  or  columns  by  the  muscular 
fibres  beneath.  To  this  condition,  the  French 
anatomists  give  the  term — vessie  d  colonnes.  In 
the  ban-fond  the  two  ureters  open,  and  the  urethra 
commences  ;  and  the  triangular  space,  which  the 
apertures  of  these  three  canals  leave  between 
them,  is  called,  by  the  French,  the  Trigone  vesi- 
cal or  Vesical  Triangle,  Trigo'nus  seu  Trigo'num 
vesi'cce  seu  Lientau'di,  Corpus  trigo'num.  In  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra,  which  is  also  called  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  there  is,  at  its  lower  part,  a 
more  or  less  prominent  tubercle,  which  is  formed 
by  the  anterior  angle  of  the  Trigone  vesical,  and 
is  called  the  Vesical  uvula,  U'vula  vesi'cce,  (F.) 
Luette  vesicale. 

The  arteries  of  the  bladder  proceed  from  the 
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal, and  internal  pudic.  Its  veins,  which  are 
more  numerous  than  the  arteries,  open  into  the 
hypogastric  venous  plexus.  Its  nerves  emanate 
from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses;  and 
its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  the  hypogastric 
ganglia. 

Urinary  Calculi.  The  calculi  which  form  in 
the  urinary  passages.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

Urinary  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  urinaires.  The 
aggregate  of  canals  and  cavities  intended  to  con- 
tain the  urine  and  convey  it  externally.  These 
ways  are  composed  of  excretory  ducts,  which 
form  the  tubular  portion  of  the  kidney  ;  of  cali- 
ces ;  pelvis:  ureters;  bladder;  and  urethra. 

URINATION,  Micturition.  '  M.  Beraud  elabo- 
rately defines  it — a  function,  the  result  of  which 
is  the  expulsion  of  matters  principally  solid,  but 
held  in  solution,  which  have  become  improper  for 
nutrition. 

URINATORIUM,  Urinal. 

URINE,  Uri'na,  ovpov,  U'ron,  Ure'ma,  Loi'ium, 
Lot,  Lapis  au'reus,  Omich'ma,  Recremen'ta  seu 
Jtetrimen'ta  vesi'ccE,  Aqua  pedum,  Aqua,  (Old 
Eng.)  Stale,  Lee,  (Prov.)  Herrin,  Netting,  Sang. 
An  excrementitial  fluid;  secreted  by  the  cortical 
part  of  the  kidney;  filtered  through  the  tubular 
portion  :  poured  gnttatim  from  the  apices  of  the 
tubular  papillae  into  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney  ;  and 
transmitted  by  it  to  the  ureters;  which  convey  it 
slowly,  but  in  a  continuous  manner,  into  the  blad- 
der, where  it  remains  deposited,  until  its  accumu- 
lation excites  a  desire  to  void  it.  The  excretion 
of  the  fluid  takes  place  through  the  urethra:  and 
is  caused  by  the  action  of  the  abdominal  muscles 
and  diaphragm  and  the  contraction  of  the  fibrous  ! 
coat  of  the  bladder.  Urine  is  transparent;  of  a  I 
citron-yellow  colour;  of  a  peculiar  odour,  and  of 
an  acid,  saline,  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  That 
which  is  passed  some  time  after  taking  fluid,  is 
less  coloured,  and  less  odorous  and  dense  than 
that  which  is  voided  7  or  8  hours  after  eating. 
The  first  is  the  Uri'na  potiis,  (F.)  Urine  de  la 
Boisson,  Urine  nf  drink:  —  the  latter  Uri'na 
san'guinis,  (F.)  Urine  de  la  digestion.  Urine  de 
la  coction,  Urine  cuite,  Coded  urine.  Urine  of  di- 
gestion. Three  distinct  varieties  of  urine  may, 
according  to  Dr.  Golding  Bird,  be  recognised  : 
First.  That  passed  some  little  time  after  drinking 
freely  of  fluids,  which  is  generally  pale,  and  of 
low  specific  gravity  — 1.003  to  1.009  —  Urina  po- 
tits.  Secondly.  That  secreted  after  the  digestion 
of  a  full  meal  ;  s.  g.  1.020  to  1.028,  or  even  1.030 
—  Urina  chi/li  seu  cibi.  Thirdly.  That  secreted 
independently  of  the  immediate  stimulus  of  food 
and  drink,  as  after  a  night's  rest,  which  is  usu- 
ally of  average  density — 1.015  to  1.025,  and  pre- 
sents the  essential  characters  of  urine — Urina 
sanguinis. 


The  following  are  the  ordinary  constituents  of 
healthy  human  urine: — urea,  uric  acid,  [bippuric 
acid;]  extractive  matters,  embracing  alcohol  ex- 
tract, spirit  extract,  and  water  extract,  with  their 
respective  constituents;  mucus;  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (haemaphsein  ;)  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (uroerythrin  ;)  carbonic,  lac- 
tic, hydrochloric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  silicic, 
and  hydrofluoric  acids;  soda;  potassa;  ammo- 
nia; lime;  magnesia;  and  peroxide  of  iron.  The 
proportion  of  solid  matters  in  1000  parts  of  urine 
may  vary  from  20  to  70.  The  following  table 
expresses  the  relative  amounts  of  the  different 
components  in  every  100  parts  of  the  solid  mat- 
ter, according  to  the  analysis  of  different  ob- 
servers : 

Berzelius.     Lehmann.     Simon.  March.-ind. 
45.10        49.68        33.80        48.91 


Urea, 
Uric  Acid, 
Extractive  matter."] 


1.50 


1.61 


1.40 


1.59 


Ammonia,  Salts 


and    Chloride  o 

Sodium. 
Alkaline  Sulphates,      10.30 
Alkaline  Phosphates,     6.88 
Phosphates  of  lime  (     ,  -0 


•  1-    36.30        28.95        42.60 


11.58 
5.96 


8.14        10.18 
6.50  4.57 


aud  magues 


1.59 


1.81 


Its  average  specific  gravity  is  about  1.015.  The 
quantity  passed  by  the  adult  in  the  24  hours  va- 
ries. On  the  average  it  may  amount  to  two 
pounds  and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine,  in 
health  and  disease,  exhibits  appearances  that 
have  received  special  names.  Thus,  that  which 
is  characterized  by  a  deficiency  of  solid  matters 
generally,  has  been  called  Hydru'ria,  (rvSwp,  'wa- 
ter;') by  a  deficiency  of  urea,  Anazotn'ria,  (av, 
privative,  and  azote;)  by  a  superabundance  of 
urea,  Azotu'ria.  Urine  in  which  the  deposit 
consists  of  lithic  acid,  and  the  lithates,  has  been 
termed  Lithu'ria  ;  and  that  in  which  the  deposit 
consists  of  the  earthy  and  earthy-alkaline  phos- 
phates, Phospjhu'ria  Ceramu'ria,  (icEpapos,  'potters' 
earth,')  <tc.  &c.  At  times,  a  pellicle  forms  on  the 
surface  (Cremor  urince)  which  consists  of  mucus 
and  some  salts:  at  others,  there  is  a  cloud,  (Xu- 
bec'ula,  nubes,)  towards  its  upper  part,  which  is 
called  Enceore'ma  when  it  is  suspended,  as  it 
were,  about  the  middle  of  the  liquid.  Occasion- 
ally, there  is  a  sediment,  to  which  the  names  Hy- 
jios'tasis,  Sedimen'tnm,  &c,  have  been  given.  (See 
these  various  words.)  The  urine  is  often  deserv- 
ing of  attention  in  disease;  but  it  has  been  con- 
sidered a  matter  of  more  importance  than  it  me- 
rits. Some  empirics  have  presumed  to  pronounce 
on  the  nature  of  disease  by  simply  inspecting  it. 
See  Uroscopy. 

Human  urine  was,  at  one  time,  considered  ape- 
rient; and  was  given  in  jaundice,  in  the  dose  of 
one  or  two  ounces.  Cows'  urine,  Urina  VacctB, 
Allfloicer  water,  was  once  used,  warm  from  the 
cow,  as  a  purge,  in  the  dose  of  Oss. 

Urine  has  been  variously  designated  by  pa- 
thologists, according  to  its  appearance,  &c,  for 
example  :  — 

Urine,  AyjF.'mc,  Uri'na  ance'mica.  A  term 
used,  but  not  felicitously,  for  the  form  of  urine 
that  occurs  in  anaemia,  chlorosis,  &c. — Becquerel. 

URINE  AR  DENTE, Ardenturme— u.  Bloody, 
Haematuria  —  tt.  de  la  Roissou,  Urine,  hysterical, 
see  Urine — u.  Briquete,  see  Lateritious — u.  de  la 
Coction,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Crude,  (F.)  Urine  erne.  Urine  that  is 
thin,  transparent,  and  but  little  coloured,  afford- 
ing neither  cloud  nor  deposite. 

URINE  CRUE,  Urine,  erode  — «.  Cuite,  see 
Urine. 

Urine,  Cystin'ic,  Cystinu'ria.  Urine  contain- 
ing cystine  or  cystic  oxide  In  solution,  or  as  a 
deposite. 


URINE  DE  LA  DIGESTION 


040 


UROGENITAL 


"Thine,  Diabkt'ic.  Uri'na  diabe'liea.  Urine 
•  mellitut,  Melitu'ria.  It  con- 
tain* a  large  quantity  of  sugar  analogous  to  that 
of  the  grape,  which  may  be  separated  in  the  form 
of  crystals.  In  other  respects,  the  urine  is  very 
abundant  and  very  limpid  in  that  affection. 

HUM:  DE  LA  DIGESTION,  see  Trine. 

I'i:;vk,    DROP'SICAL,    is    an    am  uioniaeal    urine, 

often  containing  much  albumen  and  scan 

UP'  i. 

re,  has  been  found  to  precipi- 
mnia  abundantly,  and  to  soon  pud 
URINE  EPAISSE,  Urine,  mucilaginous. 

bkilk,  Uri'um  febri'lin.     Urine  dis- 
.  in  inflammation  and  inflammatory  fever. 

nil. 'lit. His. 

Think,    Pi  l  rriut  floeonmrnum, 

is  when  the  fluid  is  troubled  by  flocculi,  suspend- 

ed  in  it. 

Uribb,  I'i  1:1  i  iv  Purfuraoeous — a. 

Fit  ii-miHi  a-".  Trine,  flocculcut —  u.  del  Qoutteux, 
Trine,  gouty. 

Think.   GoiiTT,   (F.)    Urine  del  gomttemx,  con- 
tain?, much  phosphate  of  lima,  and,  after 
attacks  of  gout,  precipitates  a  mixture  of  the  uric 

URINE   HUILEUSE,  Trine,  oily. 

Uribb,  Svstrr'ioal,  is  dear,  colourless,  and 
similar  to  tfa  la  Boin*m. 

Think.  [ctrr'icAL,  contains  bile. 

Uribb,  [bcomtibbbcb  or,  Enuresis. 

Think  Of  I nh.  vm'm  ITORY  D18BA8E8.  This 
Is,  generally,  small  in  quantity,  and  very  high- 
coloured. 

r  IRY  DlSCHAROB  OF,  Enuresis. 
KB,  Jumbb'tous,  Uri'na  jumeuto'ta  seu  ju- 
menta'i  or,  I '.  1  riue  Jumentente.  A  term  used, 
by  the  French,  for  aminoniacal  urine,  rendered 
turliid  by  a  substance  similar  to  small  gi 
dust,  which  causes  it  to  resemble  the  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals. 

URINE  LACTESCENTE,  T.  milky— t*.  Lai- 

.   Trine,  milky. 

Uribb,  Mm.kv.  (P.)  Urine  larteteenU  ou  lai- 
teuKv.     White  and  troubled  urine. 

Uribb,  Mi  .  h.\<,"inoi  s.  (F.)  Curiae  ejmisse. 
Urine  containing  much  mucus. 

Think,  Nbrvoos.  Thin  and  very  liquid  urine ; 
such  as  is  passed  Bhortly  after  the  attack  of  ner- 
vous dii 

Think  or  Nbrvoub  Fbters  is  generally  very 
thin  :  and  often  deposits  a  mixture  of  urie  and 
aeids. 

Think.  OlLT,  (F.)  Urine  hulleime,  is  that  which 
pours  like  oil,  or  which   has  an  oily  pellicle  at  its 

Think.  Oxal'ic,  Oxalu'ria.  Trine  containing 
a  salt  of  the  oxalic  acid. 

Uribb,  Phobphorrb'cbbt,  Photphoru'ria,Phot- 

jihu'rlt,.      Trine  wiiieh  is  luminous  or  phospho- 

Uribb,  Purpuric,  see  Porphyruria, 

Think,  K kk'k 1  v,  contains  much  phosphate  of 
lime. 

Think.  Sardt,  Arenosa  urina — u.  Stoppage  of, 

Ischuria  —  M.    'I  ■',•„>.  Trine,  thin. 

Think.  Tii  •  ><■.      Urine   that  is 

transparent,    slightly    coloured,     and     but    little 

URINEUX,  Urinous. 

URINIF'EROUS,    Urinifer,    (F.i    Urinifire, 

fr  .m  nfop,  'urine,'  and  fero,  'I  carry.'  That 
which  carries  urine. 

Tkinikkh  .1  ^  Si  li^n  LBCB  Of  TUK  Km.Niv,  BOS 
Kidney. 

Ti(iNir'i;i:..rs    ToBBI    Of    DlICTfl    OB    BbLLI'rT, 

Tn'buli  sen  ilnr'iiiH  uriniferi  Belli'ni,  Tu'buli 
Belli'ni  seu  recti,  BeUiuia'ni  Ductus.  Belliuia'na 


Urinometer. 


Fit' tut tB.     The    collection    of   small    tabes,   con- 
_  fr..m  the  cortical  part  of  the  ki  I 
■  s  of  the  papille.     The  tortuous  nrinife- 

roUS    duCtS    are    called     J  fn'buli 

voiittn'tl  sell    Ft  rr>  I' nil. 

URINIPAROUS,  P.]  Urinipare,  from  urina, 
'  urine,'  and  parrre,  *  to  produce.'     An  epithet  for 

1  the  cortical  portion  of  the  kidney,  which 
•  the  urine. 

URINODES,  Trim .us. 

URINOMETER,   from  ovpov, 

t^ov,  •  measure.'     A  small  hv- 

r  for  taking  the  specific 
gravity  of  urine.     The   uri no- 
ted by  I>r.  Prout 

is   divided    in) 

zero  being  the  point  at  which  it 
Boats  in  distilled  water.  The 
numbers  on  the  scale  added  to 
1000,  the  specific  gravity  of 
water,  give  the  particular  spe- 
cific gravity:  thus,  supposing 
the  number  cut  by  the  surface 
of  the  liquid  to  be  30,  it  would 
indicat  1.030.      The 

11.  S.  on  the  back  of  the 
BCalc  mean  "  healthy  standard,'' 
which  ranges  from  10°  to  2o°. 

U'RINOUS,  Urino'su;  Uri- 
uo'dei,  (F.)  I'rl at  ii.r.  Having 
the  character  of  urine.  Similar 
to  urine. 

UROCE'LE,   (Ede'ma   scroti 
urino'mm,     Urotckeoce'le,      Oi- 
ekeoce'li   urina' lis,  from  tuetv,  and  Kr/Xtj,  'a  rup- 
ture.'    A  tumour  of  the   scrotum,  owing  to  the 
effusion  of  urine  into  the  same,  and  into  the  areo- 
lar tissue. 

UROCHES'IA,  Uroehese'ia,  from  ovpov,  nnd 
Xt£"v>  'to  g«J  to  stool.'  A  discharge  of  urine  by 
the  bowels. 

UROCRASIA,  Enuresis. 

T  ROCRIS'IA,  from  ovpov,  and  tepivu),  '  I  judge.' 
Urocrite'rion.  A  judgment  formed  either  of  the 
urine,  or  of  disease  after  inspecting  the  urine. 

UROCRITERION,  Urocrisia. 

UROCYSTIS,  Urinary  bladder. 

UROCYSTITIS,  Cvstitis. 

UROCYSTOCATARRHUS,  Cystirrboea. 

URODIAL'YSIS,  from  ov^ov,  and  iiaXumf, 
'dissolution,  loss  of  strength.'  A  partial  and 
temporary  suspension  of  the  function  of  the  kid- 
r.ev,  Buch  as  occurs  in  the  course  of  mosl  acute 
A  condition  of  the  function  of  the 
kidney  and  of  the  urine,  similar  to  that  observed 
in  acute  diseases,  but  without  local  mischief  or 
preceding  inflammatory  fever,  has  been  termed, 
when  occurring  in  children,  Urodial'yi*  Ne- 
iiimio' rum  ;  in  the  aged,  Urodialyris  Sctium. — 
Schdnlein. 

URODOCHIUM,  Urinal 

URODYN'IA,  from  ovp»v,  and  oZvvn,  'pain.' 
Pain  during  the  excretion  of  the  urine. 

UR02DEM  \.  Urapostema, 

UROERYTHRIN,  Bee  Porphyruria. 

I  ROGEN'ITAL,  Uragenita'lit,  Qen'ito-u'ri- 
iitni/,  (It  n'l/n-iiriiifi'iliix.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  urinary  and  genital  apparatus — as  the- 
'  urogenital  organs' — Or'gana  uroyenita'lia. 

UroOBBITAL  Sinks,  SIhiix  uro-geuita' lit.  A. 
cavity  or  canal  in  the  embryo  of  the  mammalia 
opening  externally,  in  which  the  excretory  ducts 
of'  the  Wolffian  bodies,  the  ureters  and  tl 

rent  part-  of  the  gem-rathe  apparatus,  terminate 

internally.     It    is    prolonged    into   the   uracbus. 

Subsequently  it  becomes  separated  by  a  1 
of  division  into  a  part  uriua'ria  and  a  / 
nita'lit.    Tin-  former,  extending  towards  tl 

chus,    is    converted    into    the    urinary    blfl 


UROLITIII 


950 


UTERINE 


■whilst  from  the  latter  are  formed  the  vesiculce 
aeminalea  in  the  male,  and  the  middle  portion  of 
the  uterus  in  the  female. — J.  Miiller. 

UROLITIII,  Calculi,  urinary. 

UROLITHIASIS,  Lithia. 

UROLITHOLOG"IA,  from  ovpov,  A<0oc,  'a 
stone,' and  Aoyo?,  '  a  description.'  A  description 
of  urinary  calculi. 

UROLITHOTOMIA,  Lithotomy. 

UROLOGY,  Uronology. 

UROMANTI'A,  from  ovpov,  and  fiavTcia,  'di- 
vination.' The  art  of  divining  diseases  hy  sim- 
ple inspection  of  the  urine;  Urosco'pia.  One 
professing  to  be  able  to  do  this  is  called  Uroman'- 
tes.     Vulgarly,  a  water-doctor,  wetter-caster. 

UROM'ELES,  (F.)  Uromele,  from  ovpa,  'a 
tail,'  and  /itAoj,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in 
which  the  two  lower  limbs  are  united,  very  in- 
complete, and  terminated  by  a  single  foot,  which 
is  almost  always  imperfect,  and  the  sole  of  which 
is  turned  forwards.  —  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

UROMPH'ALUS,  Her'nia  Wrachi.  A  mon- 
strosity, which  consists  in  the  protrusion  of  the 
urachus  at  the  umbilicus. 

URON,  Urine. 

URON'CUS,  from  ovpov,  and  oy*o  ,  'a  swell- 
ing.'    A  urinary  swelling. 

URONOL'OGY,  Uronolog"ia,  Urol'ogy,  TJro- 
Jng"ia,  from  ovpov,  and  Xoyog,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  medicine  which  treats  of  the  urine. 

UROPHTHISIS,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

UROPLA'NIA,  from  ovpov,  and  *\avn,  'wan- 
dering.' The  presence  of  urine  in  other  parts 
than  the  urinary  organs. 

UROPOE'SIS,  Uropoiesis,  from  ovpov,  and 
■zoizw,  'I  make.'  Secre'tio  uri'nce  seu  lo'tii.  The 
secretion  of  urine  by  the  kidney. 

UROPOIESIS,  Uropoesis. 

UROPYGION,  Coccyx. 

UROPYGIUM.  Croupion. 

URORHODINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

URORRHAGIA.  Diabetes. 

URORRHCEA,  Enuresis,  Diabetes. 

UROSCHEOCELE.  Urocele. 

UROSCOPIA,  see  Uromantia. 

URO'SES,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'  Diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs. —  Alibert. 

UROS'TEALITH,  Urosteal'ithos,  from  ovpov, 
areap,  'suet,'  and  \t9og,  'stone.'  A  peculiar  fatty 
ingredient  of  urinary  calculi,  discovered  by 
Heller. 

UROSTENOSIS,  Urethrostenosis. 

UROUS  ACID,  Uric  oxide. 

UROZEMIA,  Diabetes  — u.  Alburainosa,  Kid- 
ney. Bright's  disease  of  the — u.  Mellita,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

URRHODINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

URROSACINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

URTI'CA,  U.  Dioi'ca  seu  major  seu  his'pida, 
Pyr'ethrum,  Ad' ire, Common  stinging  nettle,  (Prov.) 
Ettle,  (F.)  Ortie.  Orel.  Urtic'aceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Monoecia  Tetrandria.  This  plant  has  been  long 
used  for  medical  and  culinary  purposes.  The 
young  shoots,  in  the  spring,  are  considered  to 
possess  diuretic  and  antiscorbutic  properties.  The 
pain  produced  by  its  sting  is  well  known,  but  it 
is  not  to  be  compared  to  the  torture  occasioned 
by  Urtica  stim'ulans,  and  U.  crennhi'ta  of  India  ; 
and,  still  less,  to  Urtica  ttrentiss'ima  of  Timor, 
which  is  called  by  the  natives  Daonn  Setan, 
'Devil's  leaf,'  on  account  of  the  persistence  and 
severity  of  the  pain. 

Urtica  Balearica,  U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Crenu- 
lata.  see  Urtica  —  u.  Dioica.  Urtica  —  u.  Hispida, 
Urtica — u.  Iners  magna  foetidissima,  Galeopsi? — 
u.  Major,  U.  dioica — u.  Minor.  U.  urens — u.  Mor- 
tua.  Lamium  album. 

Urtica  Pilulif'era,  U.  Pilulo'sa  seu  Roma'na 
seu    Balea'rica,   Pill-bearing    Nettle,    (F.)    Ortie 


Romaine.  The  seed  was  formerly  given  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest. 

Urtica  Pilulosa,  U.  pilulifera — u.  Romana, 
U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Stimulans,  see  Urtica. 

Urtica  Urexs,  U.  minor,  Dwarf  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  brulante.  A  lesser  variety  of  the  nettle, 
possessing  similar  virtues. 

Urtica  Urentissima,  see  Urtica. 

Nettles  have  been  used  as  stimulants  to  para- 
lytic limbs. 

URTICATRE,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'RIA,  from  urtica,  'a  nettle,'  (uro,  '  I 
burn  ;')  Enanthe'sis  urtica'ria,  Ure'do,  Scarla- 
ti'na  seu  Fein's  seu  Pnr'pura  urtica'ta,  Girido'- 
sis,  Urtica'ria  porcel'lana,  Exanthe'ma  urtiea"- 
tlim,  Epinyc'tis  prurigino'sa,  Febris  rubra  prnri- 
gino'sa,  Saltans  rosa,  (F.)  Urticaire,  Pierre 
Ortie,  Porcelaine,  Nettle-rash,  Nettle-sp)-inge ; 
vulgarly  Hires,  Bold  Hives;  from  urtica,  '  a  net- 
tle,' because  the  eruption  resembles  that  produced 
by  the  stings  of  a  nettle.  A  disease  distinguished 
by  those  elevations  of  the  cuticle  called  wheal*. 
They  have  a  white  top,  and  are  often  surrounded 
by  a  diffuse  redness.  They  excite  intolerable 
itchicg,  especially  when  the  person  is  warm  in 
bed.  The  eruption  frequently  goes  and  comes 
once  or  more  in  the  24  hours,  and  is  generally 
dependent  upon  gastric  derangement.  In  some 
people,  nettle-rash  is  induced  by  shell-fish,  eggs* 
nuts,  &c.  It  is  not  usually  a  disease  of  any  con- 
sequence, and  its  treatment  is  limited  to  the  use 
of  absorbent  laxatives,  and  simple  general  means. 
Wilkin  has  described  six  varieties  of  the  com- 
plaint:—  Urtica'ria  febri'lis,  U.  evan'ida,  U. 
perstans,  U.  confer'ta,  U.  subcuta'nea,  and  U. 
tubero'sa. 

Urticaria  Porcellana,  Essera,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'TIO,  Cnido'sis,  Urtica'tion,  from  ur- 
tica,  'a  nettle.'  A  sort  of  flagellation,  with 
nettles; — used  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the 
skin. 

URUCU,  Terra  Orleana. 

URYLIC  ACID,  Uric  acid. 

USNF^A,  Lichen  saxatilis  —  u.  Florida  hirta, 
Lichen  plicatus —  u.  Hirta,  Lichen  plicatus  —  u. 
Plica ta,  Lichen  plicatus. 

USSACU,  II ura  Brasiliensis. 

USTILAGO,  Ergot. 

USTIO,  Burn,  Ustion. 

USTION,  Us'tio,  Causis,  from  were,  ustum,  'to 
burn.'  The  act  of  burning  or  of  applying  the 
actual  cautery.  Also,  the  effect  of  cauterization  ; 
a  burn. 

USTULA'TIO,  Ustnla'tion.  Same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  operation  by  which  a  substance 
is  dried  by  heat.  It  is  often  restricted  to  the 
roasting  of  ores  to  drive  off  the  volatile  matters, 
as  in  the  case  of  arsenic. 

USUALIA,  Officinals. 

USUS,  Habit. 

UTER,  Uterus. 

UTERI  ADSCENSUS,  Hysteria— u.  Antever- 
sio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior — u.  Carcinoma,  Metro- 
carcinoma —  u.  Convulsivus  morbus,  Lorind  ma- 
tricis  —  u.  Coryza,  Leucorrhcea  —  u.  Exulcerafio, 
Hysterelcosis — u.  Flexio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Incli- 
natio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Obliquitas,  Hysteroloxia 
—  u.  Pronatio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior  —  u.  Pruri- 
tus, Nymphomania  —  u.  Reflexio  completa,  Hys- 
teroloxia posterior — u.  Retroversio,  Hysteroloxia 
posterior  —  u.  Rheuma,  Leucorrhcea  —  u.  Ulcus, 
Hysterelcosis  —  u.  Versio  incompleta,  Hystero- 
loxia. 

U'TERINE,  Uteri'mis,  from  uterus,  'the  womb.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  womb. 

Uterine  Artery,  Arte'ria  vteri'na  hypogas'. 
trica.  Its  size  is  always  in  a  ratio  with  the 
greater  or  less  state  of  development  of  the  uterus. 
It  arises  from  the  hypogastric,  either  separately 


U  T  n  R I N  U  S    F  B  .\TER 


951 


UTRICULUS 


or  with  the  umbilical,  or  from  the  internal  pudie; 
ipon    the   lateral   parts  of    the   vagina,    to 
which  it  gives  branches;  and  afterwards  asoenda 
on  the  («tdea  of  the  uterus,  and  divides  into  a  con- 
siderable    number    of    very    tortuous     branches, 
enter  the  tissue  of  the  organ. 
nk  BoUSIB,  Sound,  uterine. 
tlNB    BROTHER.      One    born    of    the    same 
livther.  but  of  a  different  father. 

bmr  (Jlahds,  [Jtrieular  glands. 
Uteribm  Muscle  of  Ri  rs<  n  eonsista  of  some 
leshy  fibres  at  the  fundus  of  the  uterus,  which 
he  n  ^  inning  a  particular  muscle. 

Sousn,  Sound,  uterine. 
UTERI'NUS    PRATER,     la   law,   a  brother 
by  the  mother's  side. 

ABDOMINAL     SUPPORTER,     see 
.  Russian. 

0  rERO-GESTATION,  Pregnancy. 

ROMAN  [A,  Nymphomania. 

1  TKRUS,  u<}  io.    f'trr,   L'tiir'  nliix,    Yitlr 

],.  mulie'brea,  Vult  oneeptac' nlnm,  Ha- 

Iger  nata'rea,  Hjje'tera,  Me.tr a, 
!  .     Delphi/a,    A'ru*,     Epoutpha'lian, 

:',/«,  Poetrema,  the  Wu 

V .  |    Mat  rice,   S<  i„.     The 
uterus,  destined  to  lodge  the  foetus  from  I 

ment  of  conception  till  birth,  is  a  hollow 
symmetrica!  organ,  having  the  Bbape  of  a  trun- 
cated conoid:  it  is  situate  in  the  pelvis,  between 
the  bladder  and  the  rectum,  above  t lie  vagina, 
and  below  the  convolutions  of  the  small  intestine. 
The  uterus  is  Battened  from  before  to  behind,  and 
i-  nearly  an  inch  in  thickness.  It  is  two  inches 
broad  at  ita  highest  part,  and  becomes  narrower 
towards  the  vagina  ;  terminating  in  a  contracted 
portion,  called  the  cervix  or  neck,  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  rest  of  the  organ,  called  the  body. 
From   its  fund**  or  upper  portion,  the  Fallopian 

•  IF.  The  mouth  i-  called  '  '- 
Oi  Tin<(2,  0«  u'teri  extern' urn,  Orifie"inm  vagi- 
ti'i'le.  At  the  point  where  the  body  of  the  uterus 
i-  continuous,  I. clow,  with  the  neck,  the  cavity  is 
slightly  constricted,  forming  what  is  sometimes 
named  the  internal  orifice,  Oa  u'teri  intern' urn,  Oh 
urn,  ftthmns  sen  oe'tinm  u'teri,  Orific"intn 
vt- ■ri'iiHin.   Between  these  is  the  Gana'lit  ■ 

The  cavity  of  the   uterus  is  very  small,  and  its 

parietea  are  thick.    The  portion  of  the  cavity  cor- 

iding  with  the  body  is  triangular  ami  flat- 

Buperior  angles  present  the  extremely 

fine  orifices  of  the   Fallopian   tubes.     The  cavity 

of  the  neck  is  slightly  dilated  before  opening  into 

the    vagina.      The    uterus    is    composed.    1.    Of  a 

■:n  .nhrmie.    This  is  external,  and  furnished 

by  the  peritoneum  ;  which  is  reflected  upon  the 

uterus  from  the   posterior  surface  of  the   bladder 

and   the  anterior  surface   of  the   rectum.      These 

:'  the  peritoneum  are  sometimes  called,  re- 

•  ly.  the  anterior  and   the   posterior  liga- 

The   former  an'   also    named   the 

•    and   the   latter   the   r*  folds   or 

}>ii<(p.    temilnna'ree.     It    forms,    also,    the   broad 

ligament*  of  the  uterue,  Ligamen'ta  lata, 

perti  mtain.  above. 

lllopian   tube:   beneath   and   anteriorly,  the 

round  and,  behind,  the  ovary.      They 

are  two  membranous  produotiona  or  duplicatures 

of  the  peritoneum,  sent  from  the  edges  of  the 

-   and  posterior  extremity  of  the  vagina,  in 

a   transverse  direction,  to  be  fixed  to,  and  line, 

via.     -.  Of  a  mueoua  membrane, 

which  is  a  prolongation  of  that  of  the  vagina,  and 

la   into   the  tubes.     ■';.  Of  a  proper  tissue, 

thickness  i-  considerable.     It  is  of  a  close 

grayish    and    elastic  :    and    ft  ■ 

instrument  that  divides  it.  Its  intimate  nature 
i-  but  little  known.  During  gestation  it  i-  truly 
muscular.     The   arteries   of   the   uterus    proceed 


from   the  spermatic  and   hypogastric.      Its   veins 
follow  the  same   course,  and   bear  the  same  name 
as    the    arteries.      They    are    very    tortOOUS, 
form   larj  In    the   parietes  of  the   organ, 

called  C ferine  Si'n  rves  proceed  from 

itic  and  hypogastric  plexuses.  It.-  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  multiplied;  and  during 
quire  enormous  dimen.-ions.  The. 
-  experienced  by  the  uterus  during 
tion,  and  after  delivery,  are  very  numerous  and 
important  to  be  known.  They  regard  its  situa- 
tion, direction,  -  ipCj  texture,  conui 
vital  properties,  Ac 

s.    Abdomen  —  u.   Anteversion    of   the, 
11\  ateroloxia  anterior. 

Uterus  Bip'idus.  A  double  uterus.  One  se- 
parated into  two  cavities. 

Uterus  Duplex,  Dihysteria  —  u.  Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the,  Ckaton — u.  Inclinatus,  Hyster- 
oloxia. 

:ii  u.i  r.  Neural' gia  >■/  the  Uterua. 
A  disease  characterised  by  deep-seated  pain  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  back 
and  loins;  generally  diminished  by  lying  down, 
and  increased  by  exercise,  and  more  severe  for  a 
few  days  preceding  and  during  menstruation. 
On  examination  jur  vaginam,  the  uterus  is  found 
to  be  tender  on  pressure,  Metryperatathe'aia  j  and 
the  cervix  and  body  Bligbtly  swollen,  but  ma 
usually  indurated,  it  is  an  obstinate  affection, 
but  frequently  ends  of  itself  after  years  of  suffer- 
ing. The  treatment  must  be,  —  the  horizontal 
posture;  local  blood-letting  to  the  uterus ;  emol- 
:  soothing  injections;  narcotics,  warm  bath, 
5e<    Hyeteralgia. 

UtBRUS,    IsykksioN-    of   THE,    Invcr'xio    I 
Metronat'trophe,  jEdopto'eia   Uteri  inver1*   . 

Inversion  ou  lieuverxeuieut  de  In  Mat  rice.  The 
uterus,  displaced  and  turned  inside  out.  This 
can  only  happen  through  want  of  caution  on  the 
part  of  the  medical  practitioner.  It  is  a  fatal 
accident,  unless  speedily  reduced.  This  must  be 
done  by  gradually  returning  the  superior  part,  1  y 
grasping  it  with  the  hand,  and  making  the  rest 
follow. 

Uterus  Mabculutus,  see  Ejaculatory  duets  — 
u.  Obliquus,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Retroversion  of 
the.  Hysteroloxia  posterior. 

Uterus,  Rupture  ok  the,  Metrarrhex'% 
terorrhex'ie,  Ruptn'ra  sen  Perfora'tio  Uteri,  La- 
ceration of  the   Womb,  (F.)  Rupture  ou  Dtchirure 
de   la    Matriee.      This    dreadful    accident    occurs 
during  labour,  and  is  known  to  have  taken  | 
when  the  child's  head  suddenly  recedes  during  a 
pain,   with   vomiting,   sinking  of  the   pul-/. 
sweats,  Ac      When  it  is  evident  that  this  | 
curred,  the  hand   must  lie  passed  into  the  uterus, 
and  the  feet  of  the  child  be  brought  down. 

-  are  on  record,  in  which  partial  lacera- 
tions of  the  uterus  have  healed,  ami  the  patient 
has  done  well.  This  is  a  rare  event,  and  not  to 
be  anticipated. 

UTRICLE,  see  Semicircular  canals. 

U'trn  m\  Primor'dial,  Utric'ulue  primordia'. 
lit.  A  delicate  membrane,  of  protein  composi- 
tion, which  lines  the  cell  wall  of  vegetable  .struc- 
tures, and  from  the  exterior  of  which  the  layer 
of  cellulose  i«  Beoreted. 

UTRICULAR,   Utricnla'rie;   from    utricvlua, 
(diminutive  of  uter,  urn's,)  'a  small  bag  or  bBt. 
tie.'     Relating  to  or  resembling  a  small 
bottle. 

UTRICULAR  Qlahbs,  Ghtn'dnlce  ntrienla're* 
sen  uteri' na.  The  -lands  orfolliclea  in  the  inte- 
rior of  the  Uterus,  which  are  concerned  in  tho 
formation  of  the  decidua. 

UTRICULUS,  si  e  Ejaculatory  ducts,  Uterus— 

U.  Com nil,    BOS   Semicircular  canals — u.  L.ic- 

ELeceptaculum  cbyli — u.  Primordialu,  I  ui- 


UVA 


95  2 


VACCINA 


cle,  primordial  —  u.  Prostaticus,  see  Ejaculatory 
ducts. 

UVA,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  u.  In  versa, 
Paris — u.  Lupina,  Paris — u.  Passa,  see  Vitis  vini- 
fera — u.  Ursi,  see  Arbutus  uva  ursi — u.  Vulpina, 
Paris. 

Uv^e  Corinthiao.e,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

Vvm  Pass.*:,  lihayes,  Dried  Grapes,  Raisins, 
see  Vitis  vinifera. 

Uv/E  Pass.*;  Majorks,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  u. 
Passag  minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca  —  u.  Passae 
sole  siccatae,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

UVARIA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

UVATIO,  Ceratocele,  Staphyloma. 

U'VEA,  from  uva,  'an  unripe  grape.'  Tu'nica 
acino'sa  seu  acinifor'tnia  seu  uva' lis  seu  aciuu'lia 
sen  iir if <>>■' mis  seu  rhayo'ides  seu  uvea  seu  perfo- 
rata, Membrana  uvea,  lihayoi'des,  Rhox,  (F.) 
Uvee.  Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye;  others,  to  the  poste- 
rior Liver  of  the  iris,  on  account  of  the  black  and 
very  thick  varnish  that  covers  it.     See  Iris. 

Uvea,  Commissure  of  the,  Ciliary  ligament. 

UVEE,  Uvea. 

UVEI'TIS;  a  word  of  hybrid  formation;  from 
iivea,  'the  uvea/  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion ;  properly,  RhagodeV  tis.  Inflammation  of 
the  uvea.     See  Iritis. 

UVIGENA,  Uvula. 

UVIGERA,  Uvula. 

U'VULA,  diminutive  of  wo,  'a  grape.'  Pin- 
vac.'ulnm  for'nicia  yuttura'lis,  Uva,  Staph' yle, 
Tintiuuab' nlum,  Culumel'la,  Clou,  Ci'onis,  Gar- 
ya'reon,  Colum'na  oris,  Guryu'lio,  Tntersep'tum, 
Proces8U8  seu  Gartila'go  U'  vife r,  Uv iy" ena ,  L  viif- 
era,  Pap  of  the  Throat,  Hi  mas,  Plectrum,  Sub- 
lin'yua,  Sublin'yuium,  (Sc.)  Pap  of  the  Hass,  (F.) 


Luette.  A  fleshy  appendix  or  prolongation,  which. 
hangs  from  the  middle  or  free  edge  of  the  velum 
palati.  The  uvula  has  a  conical  shape,  and  is  of 
a  greater  or  less  size  in  individuals.  It  is  formed, 
especially,  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  velum 
palati;  and  contains,  within  it,  the  azygos  uvula? 
muscle.     Its  use  is  not  clear. 

Also,  a  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the  por- 
tion of  the  cerebellum  that  forms  the  posterior 
boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle,  Uvula  cere- 
bell'i.  It  is  on  the  median  line,  and  behind  the 
nodulus. 

Uvula,   see  Vermiform    process   inferior  —  u. 
Cerebelli,  see  Uvula — u.  Decidua,  Staphyledema 
I — u.  Relaxata,  Staphyloedema  —  u.  Vesicae,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  u.  Vesical,  see  Urinary  blad- 
der. 

U'VULAR,  Uvula'ris,  from  uvula.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  uvula. 

Uvular  Glands  are  small  follicles,  belonging 
to  the  mucous  membrane  covering  the  uvula. 

UVULA RIA,  so  called  from  the  flowers  hang- 
ing like  the  uvula  [?],  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

UVULA'RIA  Pkrfolia'ta,  Smaller  Belhvort; 
indigenous;  Order,  Melanthaceas ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June.  The  root,  when  fresh,  is  subaetid 
and  mucilaginous.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  is 
used  in  sore  mouth.  It  is  said  to  cure  the  bites 
of  rattlesnakes. 

Uvula ria  Grandjflo'ra  and  U.  Sessilifo'lia 
have  similar  properties. 

UVULI'TIS,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation,  from 
uvula,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Amji'na 
uvula'ris,  Staphyli'tis,  Cioui'tis,  Jnjlai.nna'tio 
u'vulos,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Luette,  Falling 
down  of  the  Palate.  Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 
I  When  to  a  slight  degree,  Hypoataphyli'tie. 


VACCIN,  see  Vaccina. 

VACCI'NA,  V.  primiy"ena  seu  vaccinato'ria 
Seu  antivari<do'sa,  Vaccin' ia,  Vari'ola  vaccina,  V. 
vacein'ica  seu  tuto'ria  seu  tutrix,  Exanthe'ma 
vaccina  seu  aittivariolo'snm,  Syn'oclia  vaccina, 
Em'phlysia  vaccina  inner' ta,  Vacci'ola,  V.  scutel- 
la'ta,  V.  vera,  Vari'olce  tuto  HcB,  Cow-pox,  Kine 
Poet ,Inoc'  ulated  Cow-pox,  from  vacca,  'a.  cow  ;' 
(F.)  Vaccine.  The  cow-pox  is  a  disease  of  the 
cow,  arising  spontaneously,  which,  if  transmitted 
to  man  by  means  of  inoculation,  may  preserve 
him  from  small-pox  contagion.  The  promulga- 
tion of  this  valuable  property  of  the  vaccine 
virus  is  due  to  Dr.  Jenner.  When  inoculating 
for  small-pox  in  Gloucestershire,  in  1775,  he  was 
surprised  to  meet  with  a  number  of  persons  in 
the  same  district,  on  whom  the  insertion  of  the 
virus  produced  no  effect,  although  they  had  never 
passed  through  small-pox.  On  investigation, 
he  found  that  all  these  persons  had  previously 
been  affected  by  a  pustular  eruption  of  the  cow, 
which  they  had  taken  by  milking  the  animal ; 
and  which  eruption  they  called  Cow-pox.  This 
discovery  induced  him  to  institute  experiments, 
and  lie  found  that  such  preservative  effect  actu- 
ally existed.  The  Vaccine  Virus,  Virus  Vacci'- 
vum,  (F.)  Vaccin  or  the  fluid  of  the  eruption,  is 
not  now  usually  taken  immediately  from  the  cow  ; 
experience  having  demonstrated  that  it  is  nearly 
as  efficacious  when  obtained  from  the  human 
vesicle.  The  characteristic  of  cow-pox  eruption 
is:  —  a  semi-transparent,  pearl-coloured  vesicle, 


|  with  a  circular  or  somewhat  oval  base;  its  upper 
I  surface,  until  the  end  of  the  8th  day,  being  more 
j  elevated  .at  the  margin  than  in  the  centre;  and 
j  the  margin  itself  being  turgid,  shining,  and 
J  rounded,  so  as  often  to  extend  a  little  over  the 
|  line  of  the  base.  This  vesicle  is  filled  with  clear 
lymph,  contained  in  numerous  little  cells,  that 
communicate  with  each  other.  After  the  8th  or 
9th  day  from  the  insertion  of  the  virus,  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  bright  red,  circumscribed  areola, 
which  varies  in  its  diameter,  in  different  cases, 
from  a  quarter  of  an  inch  to  two  inches;  and  is 
usually  attended  with  a  considerable  tumour,  and 
hardness  of  the  adjoining  areolar  membrane. 
This  areola  declines  on  the  11th  or  12th  day;  the 
surface  of  the  vesicle  then  becomes  brown  in  the 
centre;  and  the  fluid  in  the  cells  gradually  con- 
cretes into  a  hard,  rounded  scab  or  crust,  of  a 
reddish-brown  colour,  which  at  length  becomes 
darker,  contracted,  and  dry,  but  is  not  detached 
till  three  weeks  after  vaccination.  It  leaves  a 
permanent,  circular  cicatrix,  about  five  lines  in 
diameter,  and  a  little  depressed;  the  surface 
beiug  marked  with  very  minute  pits  or  indenta- 
tions, denoting  the  number  of  cells  of  which  the 
vesicle  had  been  composed.  This  is  the  progress 
of  the  genuine  cow-pox.  At  times,  fever  occurs 
about  the  9th  or  11th  day;  but,  at  others,  not  the 
slightest  indisposition  is  felt.  Aberrations  from 
this  progress  occur,  which  must  be  attended  to; 
as  the  same  preservative  influence  is  not  exerted 
by  irregular  or  spurious  cow-pox.     If  the  eiup- 


VACCIXAL 


V  AG  IN  A  L 


tion  run?  speedily  t<>  a  height,  has  an   are 
early,  is  irregular  :ti   its  e  Iges,  and  con  taint  pus 
instead  of  a  limpid  fluid,  —  it  cannot  at  all  be 
depended  upon. 

pox  occurs,  occasionally,  as  an  epidemic 

after  vaccination.     For  a  while,  the  enthusiastic 

vacoination   would  not   admit   tbe 

affection  to  be  small-pox;  and,  accordingly,  thoy 

the  aame  Varioloid.    It  is  unquestionably 

•mall-pox,  but  modified,  and  greatly  divested  of 

r>  by  prerioua  vaccination :  and  it  is 
shuI  to  happen  less  frequently  after  vaccination 
than  after  amaM-pox  inoculation.  Vaccination  is 
now  practised  everywhere,  except  among  those 
it;  whom  ignorance  and  prejudice  exclude  tl 
light-  of  reason  and  philanthropy.  There  is 
ground,  however,  h>r  the  belief,  thai  for  full  pro- 
tection revaccination  ma;  jionally  neces- 
sary. 

\\    \n:]\m::.i  isa.  Vaccina  —  v.  Primi- 
cena,  Vaccina— v.  Tutoria,  Vaccina  —  v.  Tutrix. 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vaccinatoria,  Vaccina. 
VACCINAL,  X. 

VACl  i\  \  'TION,  Vacciua'tio,  from  va 
c<\\ ■  ;'  '  />"X  inoculation,  Jenne'rian  inocula- 
tion. An  operation  which  consists  in  inserting 
the  vaccine  virus  under  the  cuticle,  so  that  it  may 
oome  in  contact  with  the  absorbents.  It  is  ex- 
tremely simple,  and  requires  merely  that  tbe 
point  of  tbe  lancet  Bbould  be  held  under  the 
cuticle  for  a  short  time.  The  best  time  for  taking 
the  matter  from  the  Cow-pox  vesicle,  for  vacci- 
nation, is  about  the  7th  or  8th  day.  before  the 
appearance  of  the  areola,  when  it  ought  to  be 
limpid  and  transparent.     The  most  certain  me- 

to  pass  it  from   arm   to   arm:   but   this   is 

not  always  convenient;    and.  hence  it  is  taken 

upon  point*  or  pieces  of  quill,  or  between  glasses. 

It  must,  of  course,  be  softened  for  use.     This  is 

ij  means  of  a  little  water,  which  does  not 

destroy  its  efficiency.     The  scab,  too,  whieh  falls 

off  about  the  end  of  three  weeks — sooner  or  later 

pable  of  communicating  the  affection,  if 

dissolved  in  water:   and  this  is  the  most  common 

I  of  transmitting  the  vaccine  virus  in  some 

countries. 

VACCINATOR,  Vac'cinitt.  One  who  inocu- 
lates P  r  the  cow-pox. 

VACCINE,  Vaccina. 

Vac<  IHRi  Vacci'nus,  Facet  ikiVis,  (F.)  Vaccinal/ 
same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  vac- 
cination, as  the  'vaccine  vesicle,'  'a  vaccine  phy- 
sician.' 

[NEL'LA.     A  term  employed  by  some 
:  Bpurious  cow-pox.      Vacein'ois,  Vac- 

vi'nl.i  Hpit'ria  seu  lepro'sa,  (F.)   Vaceinelle,    Vac- 
einotdf. 

'  1  N  I  A.  Vaccina — v.  Palustris,  Vaccinium 
oxyoo 

V  ^CCINIST,  Vaccinator. 
VACCINIUM  MACROCARPON,  see  V.  oxy- 

V  li  CIN'lOM  Mviityi.'i.is  either  corrupted  from 
hyacinthui,  or,  and  more  probably,  baccininm  ; 
from    bacna,    'berries,'  in    allusion    to   its  fruit. 

Vitie  ides'a  myrtil'luM,   Vaccin'ia  myrtil'lus,  Vac- 
cin'ium    nigrum,    Myrtle    Berry,    Bilberry,    Blen- 
Whortle-berry,  Black   Whorts, 
Prov.J   Hur'tUherry.   Whimberry,  (F.)  At- 
/■■  ■  u  -■ .  /.'  iietn  '.  Vacoiniete. 

ictandria  Mnnogynia.  The  berries— 
Myrtillo'rum — me  esteemed  to  be  anti- 
scorbutic,  when  prepared  with  vinegar.  Tbev 
.  said  to  possess  antiseptic  and  sub-astrin- 
gent properties  when  dried.  They  are  Dot  used 
in  medicine;  but  are  frequently  eaten  with  milk 
and  sugar, 

V  t<    imim  Nigrum,  V.  myrtillus. 

VaCC15IUM  OXYi  ■    -oi'voh,   0.  pa Itt*'- 


■  ftrni  "..*//<■■■  .  I  'nia  palue'tria,Viti$ 
,'•/,,''(  palua'tris,  Moorberry,  Cranberry, 
berry,  Swamp  Kedberry,  Sourberry,  [¥.)  Cunue- 
■  are  pleasantly  acid  and 
Phey  make  an  agreeable  preserve.  The 
common  American  Cranberry  i.-  from  Vacciuiutn 
marn*carpon. 

Vaccinium  Pbnnstlvan'icdii,  Low  Bl 

The  leaves  and  hark  of  the  root  arc  astril 

Vat*  imim    PdnCI  11  i  m.  V.  viti.-   i 
sinosum,  Gaylusancia  resinosa. 

V  v.  ■  imi  m  M  vmis'i.i  m.  Buckberry,  Squaw 
Huckleberry,  Deerberry.  The  leaves  of  these 
plants  are  astringent. 

Vaccinium  Vitis  [djb'a,  V.  pmeta'tum,  Yitii 
!il, i' <i  pnucta'ta,  Am'peloa  fda'a,  Hed  B 
C>v.)  urawli us,  Alpine  Cranberry,  Whortleberry, 
Cowberry,  (F.)  Airel/e  ou  Canneberge  / 
A  decoction  of  the  leaves  has  been  used  in  cal- 
culous affections.  They  are  astringent.  The 
ripe  berries  are  pleasantly  acid,  and  refrigerant. 
Whortleberriet  are  furnished  by  different  species 
of  Vaccinium. 

VACC/NOfDE,  Vaccinella. 

VACCINOIS,  Vaccinella. 

VACCINUS,  Vaccine. 

VACCIOLA,  Vaccina— v.  Leprosa,  V  iccinella 

—  v.  Seutellafa,  Vaccina  —  v.  Spuria,  Vaccirfella 
— v.  Vera,  Vaccina 

VA(  [LLA'TIO,  Tituba'tio,  from  vaciUart,  'to 
waver.'  Staggering  ;  waddling  —  claudica'tio 
anat'ira. 

Vacillatio  Dknth.m,  Odontoseisis. 

VAGIN,  Vagina. 

VAGI'NA,  'a  sheath.'  V.  mulie'bria  sen  uteri'- 
no.  B60  Vteri  sen  Penis,  Sinus  mulie'bria  Beu  /'«- 
do'ria  sen  Pudeu'di,  Col'eua,  Peris,  Perin,  Colpoa, 
Vulro-uterine  canal,  (F.)  Vagin,  Conduit  dc  (a 
pndeur.  A  cylindrical  canal,  five  or  six  inches 
long:  situate  within  the  pelvis,  between  the 
bladder  and  rectum.  It  communicates  by  one 
extremity,  Anion,  with  the  vulva;  by  the  other, 
Fornix  sen  F undue,  with  the  womb.  Para  Ben 
Pqrtio  vagina' lie  u'tcri,  the  need:  of  whieh  it  em- 
braces. The  vagina  is  lined,  internally,  by  a 
mucous  membrane  :  and  is  partly  (dosed,  in  young 
females,  by  the  hymen,  and  earuncuhe  myrti- 
forines.  Around  the  mucous  membrane  is  a  layer 
of  spongy,  erectile  tissue;  and  a  eellulo-vascular 
membrune.  A  constrictor  muscle;  numerous 
vessels  furnished  by  the  vaginal  artery,  particu- 
larly ;  veins  and  nerves,  proceeding  from  the 
Bciatio  plexus,  also,  enter  into  the  composition  of 
the  organ. 

The  term  Vagina  or  sheath,  Theca,  is  extended 
to  many  parts,  which  serve  as  envelopes  to  others. 

Sheuth,  {  V.  I  Gaiue,  is  sometimes  applied  to  the 
fascia  enveloping  the  limbs;  to  areolar  mem- 
brane, enveloping  the  muscles,  and  entering  be- 
tween their  fibres:  to  that  which  surround.-  the 
blood-vessels;  to  the  synovial  membranes  sur- 
rounding tendons,  and  lining  the  gutters  of 
bones.  &c. 

Vagina  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  v.  Femoris, 
Fascia  lata  aponeurosis — v.  Funiculi  Umbilicalis, 
liculus.  umbilicalis  —  v.  Glissonii,  Capsule 
of  Glisson — v.  .Mallenlaris  externa.  Retinaculum 
tendinum  perinssorum — v.  Muliebris,  Vagina — v. 
Muscularis,  Perimysium  —  v.  Nervorum,  Neuri- 
lemma —  v.  l'eiiis.  Vagina  —  v.  Pili,  see  Hair — V. 
PorttB,  Capsule  of  Glisson  —  v.  Uterina,  Vagina. 

Vagina  "i  thi  Viw  Porta.  Sheath  of  the. 
\'i  mi  Porta,  F.)  Gaine  i/i  In  Veine  parte,  is  t!io 
areolar  membrane  that  accompanies  the  divisions 
of  the  vena  porta  into  the  substance  of  the  liver. 

V  \<;ivi:  SYN0V1  UiES,  BurssB  ■ 

VAG"INAL,  Vayina'liafromvagiuaStithemthS 

Relating  or  pertaining  to  a  sheath. 
Vaginal  Artery.    ]  -  a  matter  of 


VAGINITIS 


954 


VALVULA 


course,  only  in  the  female.  It  arises  from  the 
hypogastric  or  from  the  uterine,  vesical,  internal 
pudic,  umbilical,  &c,  and  sends  its  branches, 
first  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  and  after- 
wards to  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces. 

Vaginal  Bil'iary  Plexus.  A  plexus  of  rami- 
fications of  the  hepatic  duct  through  the  capsule 
of  Glisson. 

Vaginal  Branches  of  the  Vena  Porta  are 
those  which  have  to  pass  through  the  sheath  of 
the  capsule  of  Glisson,  previous  to  entering  the 
interlobular  spaces.  In  this  course,  they  form 
the  vaginal  plexus.  There  are,  also,  vaginal 
branches,  and  a  vaginal  plexus  formed  by  the 
hepatic  artery. 
-Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Testicle,  Tu'nica  Va- 
g!na'li8  seu  Elytro'i'des  seu  Elytro'des,  is  the  se- 
rous membrane  which  envelops  the  testicle.  Be- 
fore the  descent  of  the  testicle,  the  tunica,  vagi- 
nalis does  not  exist.  It  is  formed  by  a  prolonga- 
tion, furnished  by  the  peritoneum  to  the  testicle 
when  it  issues  from  the  abdomen.  The  tunica 
vaginalis  forms  a  close  sac,  investing  the  testicle 
and  epididymis,  without  containing  them  in  its 
cavity,  and  reflected  so  as  to  form  a  bag  around 
the  circumference  of  the  testis;  hence  it  is  divided 
into  Tu'nica  vagina' lis  pro'pria  and  Tu'nica  va- 
gina'lis  reflex' a.  Between  the  two  layers,  the 
inner  surface  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid. 

Vaginal  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

Vaginal  Plexus,  see  Vaginal  branches  of  the 
vena  porta. 

Vaginal  Process  of  the  Temporal  Bone, 
(F.)  Apophyse  vaginale  ou  eng/unante.  Gaine  de 
Vapophyse  stylo'ide,  Chaton,  is  a  bony  crista,  which 
embraces  the  base  of  the  styloid  process. 

Vaginal  Pulse,  Pulse,  vaginal. 

VAGINITIS,  Leucorrboea  (vaginal.) 

VAGINO-VESICAL,  Yesico- vaginal. 

VAGISSEMENT,  Cry,  Vagitus. 

VAGI'TUS,  (F.)  Vagissement.  The  cry  of  the 
new-born  child.     Squalling, 

Vagi'tus  Uteri'nus.  The  cry  of  the  child  in 
utero. 

VAGUS  NERVUS,  Pneumogastric. 

VAIRON  (F.),  Dispar  oc'ulus.  One  who  has 
eyes  of  different  colours.  It  also  means  a  icu/l- 
eyed  animal,  or  one  whose  iris  is  surrounded  by  a 
whitish  circle. 

VAISSEAU,  Vessel  —  v.  Sanguin,  Blood- 
vessel. 

YAISSEAUX  CAPILLAIRES,  Capillary 
vessels  —  v.  Chyliferes,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v. 
Lactes,  Chyliferous  vessels—  v.  Lacti feres.  Lacti- 
ferous vessels  —  v.  Ombilicaux,  Umbilical  vessels 
—  i\  Tourbil/onues,  Vasa  vorticosa. 

VALAXIDA,  Fagus  svlvatica. 

VALANTIA  APARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

VALERIAN,  AMERICAN,  Cypripedium  lu- 
teum,  Valeriana  pauciflora — v.  Garden,  Valeriana 
phu  —  v.  Greek,  Polemonium  reptans  —  v.  Offici- 
nal, Valeriana — v.  Wild,  Senecio  aureus,  Valeri- 
ana. V.  pauciflora. 

VALERIA'NA,  V.  offrcina'lis  seu  minor,  Leu- 
colach'anum,  Wild  or  Ojfic"inal  Valerian.  Ord. 
Valerianacea?.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Monogynia. 
The  root,  Valeria' na  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  been  long 
extolled  as  an  efficacious  remedy  in  epilepsy,  and 
in  a  variety  of  nervous  complaints.  It  has  been 
also  advised  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  em- 
menagogue.  It  has  a  strong,  fetid  odour;  bit- 
terish, subacrid,  and  warm  taste;  and  its  virtues 
are  extracted  by  water  and  alcohol.  The  dis- 
tilled oil  is  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States. 

Valeriana  Capen'sis,  a  South  African  spe- 
cies, has  similar  virtues. 


Valeriana  Celt'ica,  V.  Saxat'ilis,  Spica  CeV- 
tica  seu  Cel'tiea  Diuscor' idis  seu  Alpi'na,  Nardil* 
Cel'tiea,  Salinn'ca,  Nardum  Gall'icum,  Celtic 
Nard,  (F.)  Nard  Celiique.  The  roots  of  this 
Alpine  plant  have  been  recommended  as  a  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately strong  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish,  sub- 
acrid  taste. 

Valeriana  Denta'ta,  V.  locus'ta,  Com  Salad. 
A  wholesome,  succulent  plant,  cultivated  in  Eu- 
rope as  a  salad.  It  is  antiscorbutic  and  gently 
aperient. 

Valeriana  Major,  V.  phu — v.  Locusta,  V. 
dentata  —  v.  Minor,  Valeriana  —  v.  Officinalis, 
Valeriana. 

Valeriana  Pauciflo'ra,  American  or  Wild 
Vale'rian,  and  V.  sylvat'ica,  have  the  properties 
of  the  other  Valerians. 

Valeriana  Phu,  V.  major,  Garden  Valerian, 
(F.)  Grande  Valeriane.  The  root  has  been  re- 
commended in  rheumatism;  especially  in  sciatica, 
and  in  epilepsy. 

Valeriana  Saxatilis,  V.  celtica  —  v.  Spica, 
Nardus  Indica  —  v.  Sylvatica,  see  V.  pauciflora. 

VALERIANE,   GRANDE,  Valeriana  phu. 

VALET  A  PAT1N  (P.),  Vohel'la  Pati'nu 
The  common  ligature  forceps  is  a  modification  of 
this  instrument  invented  by  one  Patin.  It  con- 
sists of  two  branches,  united  at  the  middle  by  a 
hinge,  which  may  be  separated  or  approximated 
by  means  of  a  screw  or  running  ring.  It  is  used 
for  seizing  hold  of  vessels  that  are  to  be  tied. 

VA  LETU DIN  AIRE,  Valetudinary. 

VALETUDINARIUxM,  Hospital. 

VALETUDINARIUS,  Sickly,  Valetudinarv. 

VALETU'DINARY,  Valetudina'riaK,  Va/etu- 
dina'rins,  Inral'idus,  (F.)  Valetudiuaire,  from 
valetudo,  'health,'  valeo,  'to  be  well.'  One  of 
delicate  health.  One  subject  to  frequent  diseases. 
An   Invalid. 

VALETUDO,  Sanitas — v.  Adversa,  Disease — 
v.  Bona,  Sanitas — v.  Commoda,  Sauitas — v.  Se- 
cunda,  Sanitas. 

VALGUS,  see  Cnemoscoliosis  and  Kyllosis. 

VALIGA,  Tinctura  jalapii. 

VALITUDO,  Sanitas. 

VALLECULA,  Valley— v.  Unguis,  see  Nail. 

VALLEY,  Vallee'ula,  V.  Rcil'ii,  (diminutive 
of  vallia,  'a  valley.')  (F.)  Grand  Scissure  J/e- 
diane  du  Oervelet.  The  deep  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  cerebellum,  which  divides  it  into 
two  symmetrical  portions. 

VALLUM.-  The  eyebrow  or  supercilium.  Also, 
a  species  of  bandage.  —  Galen. 

VALS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  French 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Vals,  six  leagues  from 
Viviers,  in  the  department  of  Ardeche.  There 
are  five  springs,  containing  carbonic  acid,  sul- 
phate of  iron,  and  alum.  They  are  employed  in 
passive  hemorrhages,  leucorrhoea,  &e. 

VALVE,  Val'vnla,  Diclis,  (F.)  Valvule,  from 
valvte,  'folding-doors,'  itself  from  volvo,  'I  fold 
up.'  A  small  door.  Any  membrane  or  duplica- 
ture  of  a  membrane,  which  prevents  a  reflux  of 
humours  or  other  matters  in  the  vessels  and 
canals  of  the  animal  body.  There  are  some 
valves,  whose  functions  appear  to  be,  —  to  retard 
or  to  modify  the  course  of  substances  along  canals, 
&e.  See  mitral,  sigmoid,  tricuspid,  ileo-cceeal 
valve,  &c. 

Valve  of  Fallopius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
Ueo-coecal,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Ileo-colic,  Bau- 
hin, valve  of — v.  of  Tulpius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
of  Varolius,  Bauhin,  valve  of. 

VALVES,  KERKRINGIAN,  Valvules  conni- 
ventes  —  v.  Semilunar,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VALVULA,  Valve— v.  Caeci,  Bauhin.  valve  of 
— v.  Cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  Coli,  Bau- 


VALVULJE    BICUSPIUALES 


VARICOCELE 


kin,  v;ihe  of — v.  Foraminis  oralis,  I 

Guiffartiana,  of — v. 

Dei,  Bauhin,  valve  of— v.  Magna  Cerebri,  V. 
•nii. 
Valvctla  Skmimv  v'ims.  Plica  Semilwna'rit 
seu  litua'ta,  klembran'ula  eemilmna  ri»  conjunct*  - 
pa.  A  .-mall  doubling  of  tbe  tunica  conjunctiva, 
which  lies  between  tbe  caruneula  Lacrytnalis  and 
tbe  ball  of  tbe  eye.  In  birds,  this  is  large,  and 
called  Uembra'na  nic'titane  seu  Pal'pebra 

V  \ i  \  i  i  a  Taimm.  Velum  medullare  posterios 

—  v.   1  .   -  is,  veins  of—  r.  Vt 

ginse,  Hymen  —  r.  Vena  see  Thebesius, 

of. 

Valvula  Viki  ssk'mi.    V.  cerebel'li  sen   117/- 

fieia'na  ecu  magna  'nii  seu 

imterjrc' turn  cerebelli,  V.  apoph'yei  vermi/ormi  ob- 

.   V.  iiix/nl/ii' i i  seu  mednlla'ri  anti'cnm  seu 

I      ■  n' ihir  vtiiti ■/'«■' nii  ijimiti  kiijii flt'or,  (F '.) 


Vuhuh 


Voile  iin'iliilliii 


A  thin,  medullary  lamina,  over  the  under  end  of 
the  Aquseductus  Sylvii  and  upper  pert  <>f  the 
fourth  ventricle.  At  tbe  sides  of  the  valves  are 
dullnry  tracts,  called  Proctee'ne  ad  TeMc*, 
Cutiuii'iia?  Vul'vufeB  Vienesenii  or  Obliqw 
,  .ill  'om'mi**itre. 

V  m  vi  i  a  Willisiana,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVl  LM  BI<  1  SPIDALES,  Mitral  valves. 

Vaivm.i:  Conm.VRN'tks,  V.  0.  Kerkrin'gii, 
Plical  conniveu'tee,  Kerkrin'gian  valve*.  Nume- 
rous circular  folds  in  the  intestinal  canal  ffom  the 
pyloric  orifice  through  the  greater  part  of  the 
small  intestine.  Thej  are  folds  of  the  mucous 
membrane;  and  their  chief  use  appears  to  be,  to 
retard  tlie  course  of  the  alimentary  mass,  and  to 
afford  a  larger  surface  for  the  origin  of  chyliferous 

Yai'  itiola   cordis  —  v.  Cordis 

mitral,  s.  Mitral  valves  —  v.  Triglocbines,  Tricus- 
pid valves  —  v.  Trisulese,  Tricuspid  vnlvi  a. 

VAL  VILE.  Valve — r.  d' Euetacht  .  Eustachian 
valve — r.  </'■  Pylore,  see  Pylorus — v.  de  I  <■ 
Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULES,  V.  Bpieeopalee,  Mitral  valves — 
Sigmoid  valves. 
4DEL7LIA  DIFF1  >  \.  A  native  of  Bra- 
zil. Guiana  and  Isle  of  France:  Order,  Scrophu- 
lariacea?;  is  used  there  as  an  antibilious  emetic 
and  antiperiodioj  and  is  regarded  as  an  effica- 
cious remedy  in  malignant  fever  and  dy si 

•    -  connected  with  a  disordered 
state  of  the  liver. 

VANELLOB,  Vanilla. 

VANIL'LA,  Banil'ia,  Banilnt,  Banilloto,  Bet- 
nilla,  Bentu'iniL  Ar'aetu  aromat'iene,  (] 
it i lie.  Banm«  </,  Vanille.  The  Vanel/oe — Sil'iqua 
man  ill' &  seu  Banill'a  sen  Vauiglia  seu  vanillia 
■eu  .1''"'''  aromat'iei  —  is  a  long,  flattish  pod: 
Containing,  under  a  wrinkled,  l)riitle  shell,  a  red- 
disb -brown  pulp,  with  small,  shining,  black  seeds. 
The  parasitic  plant  which  affords  this  pod  is  the 

}  ■limit      1  tmilUl,      1  mii/l, i     iirnhii it' ■ 

.!/, ,, ,■.,', i, i,  and  other  sj ies.     Family,  Orchida- 

1  rynandria  Monandria. 
Iocs  hav.-  an  unctuous,  aromatic  taste,  and  a  fra- 
grant  smell,   like   that  of  some  of  the   liner   bal- 
sams, heightened  with  musk.     Although  chiefly 

fumes,   they  are  reputed  to 
aphrodisiac  virt  U 

Vanilla  Arom  itn  \.  see  Vanilla. 
VAPEURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria, 
VAPOR  SANGUINIS,  Gas  sanguinis. 
VAPOK  V'RIUM,     Atminte'rioK,     Laeon'ievm, 

Pi/' rin,  I'll'  mi' ■' ,- 1 ii hi.    Vapour  Imili,   from    vapor, 
'Steam.'      A  useful    remedy  in    rheumatic  and  cii- 

taneous  affections;  and  wherever  it  is  important 

to  rel  is  the 

eiaa    rumour  Bath,  the   vapour  is  produced  by 


throwing  water  over  hot  stones.     Its  temperature 
is  from  122e  to  1 

Vapor  arii  m,  Uyporaustum,  see  Stove. 

VAPORATIO,   Evaporation. 

VAPORES   I  TERINI,  Hysteria. 

01  K.  Flatulence — v.  Bath,  Vaporarium. 

VAPOURISH,  Hypochondriac,  Hysterical. 

\   iPOl  R01  S,  \\  indy. 

VAPOURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

VAPOURY,  Hypochondriacal,  Hysterical. 

VARA,  / 

VAREC,  Kelp  —  v.  VMculeux,  Finns  vesica- 
loans. 

VARENI,  Ambulo-fiatulentus,  Gout  (wander- 
ing'-) 

VABICB,  Varix. 

VARICEL'LA,  (diminutive  of  Variola,  Small- 
■  \.  /.'  ,  tit  seu  1. 1 niithi' am  sen  Syn'ochu* 
varicella,  Variola  lymphat'ica  seu  epu'ria  seu 
eylvee'trie,  Variola  uothtt  seu  illegit'imai  *eu  ro- 
lat'ica  seu  pueella,  Peeudo-variola,  * Eul'liov, 
JEollinm,  Chicken  pox,  (F.)  Varicelle,Pttit\ 
r>' /null',  Virolette,  Faueee  variole.  A  disease 
characterized  by  vesicles  scattered  over  the  body, 
which  are  glabrous,  transparent,  and  about  the 
size  of  peas.  They  appear  in  successive  crops, 
.-■red  by  a  thin  pellicle,  and.  about  the 
third,  fourth,  or  fifth  day  from  their  appearance, 
burst  ai  the  top,  and  concrete  into  small,  puck* 
ered  scabs,  which  rarely  leave  a  pit  in  the  skin. 
Three  varieties  have,  sometimes,  been  designated. 
1.  The  V.  lentiformet,  or  lenticular  chicken  por, 
which  are  irregularly  circular,  and  flattened  on 
the  top;  the  fluid  being  at  first  whitish,  and  af- 
terwards straw-coloured.  This  is  the  common 
chicken  pox.  2.  The  Varicella  eonifor'mie,  Pem'- 
phigut  variola' def,  Variola  lymphat'ica,  Hydrach'- 
noid'al  Chicken  7'".'-.  Swine  Pox,  Water 
Pax,  Water  Jage,  in  which  the  vesich 
generally  acuminated,  and  the  fluid  pellucid 
throughout;  and,  ."idly,  the  Varied' la  globnla'ri* 
or  Hives,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  globular  and 
larger;  the  fluid  being,  at  first,  whey-coloured, 
and  afterwards  yellowish.  These  divisions  are, 
however,  very  arbitrary,  for  they  are  generally 
confounded. 

Hornpox  is  a  papular  variety  of  varicella. 

Variola  has  been,  sometimes,  mistaken  for  this 
disease,  and  conversely.  A  little  attention  to  the 
history  of  the  eruption  in  the  two  affections  will 
prevent  error.  Varicella  is  not  contagious.  At 
times,  it  prevails  epidemically.  It  cannot  be 
propagated  by  inoculation.  The  treatment  is 
extremely  simple  :  rest,  abstinence,  and  the  an- 
tiphlogistic regimen,  being  all  that  is  generally 
required.      See  Varioloid. 

Varicella  Varioloids  a,  Varioloid. 

VARICELLAS  FEVER,  see  Varioloid. 

V  ARICIFOR'M  1  •:  S  PA  R  A  S '  T  A  T  X.  A  n  a  m  e 
given,  by  some  authors,  to  the  ducts  of  the  epi- 
didymis, because  they  seem  knotty  and  varicose. 

VARICOBLEPHARON,  from  varix,  varicie, 
and  (iXapafjuv,  'eyelid.'  A  varicose  tumour  of  the 
eyelid. 

VARICOCE'LE,  from  varix,  variei*,  and  n^rj, 
'a  tumour:'  Oncheoce'U  varieo'ea,  Her'uia  van', 
co'ea,  Jt'iinii.i  m ri in' huh.  Spermatocele,  Cireocefe, 
A  varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  scrotum 
and  spermatic  cord.  This  latter  variety  of  the 
is  more  common  on  the  left  side  than  the 

r'iLriit.        It    appears     under    the    form    of 

doughy,  unequal,  knotty,  compressible,  and  in- 
dolent tumour,  situate  in  the  coiir-r  of  th< 
and  increasing  from  below  upwards.  It  is  less 
when  tbe  individual  is  in  the  recumbent  | 
and  increases  when  he  is  erect.  It  is,  ordinarily* 
an  affection  of  do  moment,  and  is  very  common, 
requiring  merely  the  use  of  a  proper  suspensory 
bandage.      It  has   been   adviaedj  in  bad  eases,  to 


VARICOMTIIALUS 


56 


VASA    ABERRANTIA 


tie  the  enlarged  vein,  but  the  operation  is  not 
free  from  danger  induced  by  phlebitis.  Sir  A. 
Cooper  has  proposed  the  removal  of  a  portion  of 
the  scrotum,  so  as  to  render  the  remainder  of  the 
scrotum  a  natural  bandage.  This  plan  has  been 
found  effectual. 

VARICOM'PHALUS,  from  varix,  ranch,  and 
on$a\os,  'the  umbilicus.'  Varicose  tumour  of  the 
umbilicus;  cirsotnphalus. 

VAR'ICOSE,  Varico'sus,  (F.)  Variqneux. 
From  varix,  varicis.  Affected  with  varix;  or  be- 
longing to,  or  connected  with,  varix  : — as  a  vari- 
cose vein,  a  varicose  ulcer,  that  is,  one  kept  up  by 
varices. 

VARICOSITAS,  see  Varix  — v.  Conjunctivae, 
Cirsophthalmia. 

VARICOSITY,  see  Varix. 

VARIC'ULA,  Varix  parva.  Diminutive  of 
varix.  Also,  a  varicose  swelling  of  the  veins  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.  —  M.  A.  Severinus. 

VARI'OLA,  Variola*.,  V.  vera,  Yarioli,  Empy- 
e'sis  Variola,  Euphlocj"  ia,  Cliaspe,  Pest  in  seu 
Febris  variolo'sa,  ^Eo/ec'thyma,  Small-Pox,  Pox 
(N.  of  England);  from  varius,  'spotted,'  or  from 
fori,  'pimples;'  {V.)  Variole,  Petit  Verole,  Pi- 
ote.  A  disease,  now  of  somewhat  less  interest 
than  before  the  discovery  of  vaccination.  It  is 
of  a  very  contagious  nature,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  been  introduced  into  Europe  from  Asia,  at 
an  early  period  of  the  middle  ages.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  fever,  with  pustules  appearing  from 
the  third  to  the  fifth  day,  and  suppurating  from 
the  eighth  to  the  tenth,  and  it  possesses  all  the 
distinctive  properties  of  the  major  exanthemata. 
It  is  capable  of  being  produced  by  inoculation, 
but  this  inoculated  small-pox  —  Vari'ola  inser'ta 
■ — communicates  the  disease  as  readily  through 
the  air  as  the  natural  small-pox,  or  that  received 
without  inoculation. 

Small-pox  is  distinguished  into  two  classes, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  eruption,  the 
discrete  or  distinct,  and  the  confluent.  1.  In  Va- 
IUOLA  DiSCRE'ta,  Empyesis  variola  discreta,  Va- 
riola discreta  benig'na,  Variolas  regulares  seu 
discretes,  Distinct  Smallpox,  the  pustules  are 
usually  of  the  size  of  peas  ;  distinct,  distended, 
and  circular:  the  intervening  spaces  being  red; 
the  fever  inflammatory  throughout,  and  ceasing 
when  the  eruption  is  complete.  2.  In  Variola 
Con'flitens,  Empyesis  variola  conflueus,  Variola 
regnla' res  conflueu'tes,  Vesic'ulas  Dives.  Bar'barcs, 
Vesicates  de  Sainte-Barbe,  Confluent  Small-pox, 
the  pustules  are  confluent,  or  run  together;  flac- 
cid and  irregularly  circumscribed;  the  interven- 
ing spaces  being  pale,  and  the  accompanying 
fever  typhoid.  In  children,  diarrhoea,  and,  in 
adults,  ptyalism,  with  swelling  of  the  hands  and 
feet,  generally  appear,  towards  the  period  of  the 
secondary  fever,  which  occurs  from  the  tenth  to 
the  thirteenth  day.  The  fever  that  precedes  and 
accompanies  the  eruption  is  called  the  Eruptive 
fever.  The  prognosis  is  favourable  in  the  dis- 
tinct kind,  if  properly  managed.  The  confluent 
is  always  dangerous,  —  the  unfavourable  symp- 
toms being  —  flattening  of  the  pustules,  or  subsi- 
dence of  the  eruption  :  the  breathing  becoming 
much  obstructed  or  oppressed  ;  or  marks  of  in- 
flammatory and  congestive  affections  occurring  in 
the  different  viscera.  The  treatment  of  the  dis- 
tinct kind  is  very  simple:  the  antiphlogistic  re- 
gimen being  all  that  is  necessary.  The  confluent 
kind  requires  the  same  management  as  typhus 
fever. 

When  the  pimples  are  confluent  in  patches,  the 
patches,  being,  however,  separated  by  intervals 
of  unaffected  skin  :  it  constitutes  the  clustered, 
coherent,  or  corymbose  variety — Vari'ola  corym- 
bo'sa. 


Variola  Amboinexsis,  Frambeesia — v.  Corym- 
bosa,  see  Variola — v.  Inserta,  Variola  (by  inocu- 
lation)— v.  Lymphatica,  Varicella  —  v.  .Mitigata, 
Varioloid. 

Vari'ola  sine  Vari'olis,  Variolous  Fever. 
These  terms  are  applied  to  cases  occasionally  ob- 
served during  the  prevalence  of  variola,  in  which 
the  constitutional  phenomena  .are  present  without 
the  cutaneous  eruption. 

Variola  Spuria,  Varicella— v.  Vaccina,  Vac- 
cina—  v.  Vaccinatorum,  Varioloid. 

VARIOL^E,  Variola — v.  Equina?,  see  Grease — 
v.  Illegitimae,  Varicella  —  v.  Modificatse,  Vario- 
loid— v.  Notlue,  Varicella — v.  Pucellae,  Varicella 

—  v.  Sylvestris,  Varicella  —  v.  Tutorhe,  Vaccina 

—  v.  Vera?,  Variola — v.  Volaticte,  Varicella. 
VARIOLATION,  Inoculation  (Small-pox.) 

VARIOLE.  Variola. 

VARIOLI,  Variola. 

VAR/OLIQUE,  Variolous. 

VARIOLOID,  Variolous,  Varioloi'des,  Vari'- 
ola modifica'ta  seu  mitiga'ta  seu  vaccinato'rum, 
Varicel'la  (of  some),  Varicel'la  Variohiidea, 
from  variola,  small-pox,  and  a6og,  'form,'  —  re- 
sembling small-pox.  This  is,  really,  small-pox, 
modified  by  previous  inoculation  or  vaccination; 
and  hence  it  has  been  properly  called  modified 
small-pox.  That  it  is  small-pox  is  proved  by  the 
fact,  that  matter,  taken  from  a  varioloid  pustule, 
will  communicate  small-pox  to  one  who  lias  never 
been  vaccinated.  It  is,  almost  always,  a  milder 
disease  than  small-pox;  and  this  circumstance, 
with  its  shorter  duration,  exhibits  the  salutary 
effects  of  previous  vaccination  or  inoculation.  It 
has  appeared  epidemically. 

Occasionally,  when  varioloid  is  epidemic, vario- 
loid or  varicellar  fever  occurs  without  the  erup- 
tion. This  is  the  varieel'laz  sine  varicel'lis  of 
Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson,  who  calls  varioloid,  vari- 
cella. 

Varioloid  Fever,  see  Varioloid. 

VARIOLOIS,  Varioloid. 

VARI'OLOUS,  Variolo'sns,  (F.)  Variolique. 
Relating  or  belonging  to  variola. 

VARIQUEUX,  Varicose. 

VARIX,  genitive  varicis,  Phlebeurys'ma,  PJile- 
bec'tasis,  Her'nia  seu  Ecta'sia  vena'rum,  Angiec- 
ta'sia  veno'sa,  Ix'ia,  Cirsus,  Cedma,  Var'icose 
Vein,  (F.)  Varice,  is  considered,  by  some,  to 
come  from  the  verb  variare,  '  to  turn,'  '  to  twist,' 
— on  account  of  the  sinuosities  of  varicose  veins. 
Dilatation  of  a  vein  ;  Varicos'itas,  Varicosity. 
Varices  are  owing  to  local  retardation  of  the 
venous  circulation  ;  and,  in  some  cases,  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  parietes  of  the  veins.  They  are  very 
common  in  the  superficial  veins  of  the  lower 
limbs,  especially  of  pregnant  females.  The  tu- 
mour or  tumours,  formed  by  varices,  are  soft, 
knotty,  unequal,  indolent,  and  livid;  without 
pulsation,  and  yielding  readily  to  the  impression 
of  the  finger:  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pression is  discontinued.  Sometimes,  the  vein 
bursts  and  gives  rise  to  hemorrhage.  The  treat- 
ment is  usually  palliative,  and  consists  in  exert- 
ing a  uniform  and  constant  pressure  upon  the 
part,  by  means  of  an  appropriate  bandage.  The 
radical  cure  has,  also,  been  obtained  by  extirpa- 
tion, division  of  the  vein,  or  ligature.  The  second 
course  is  apt  to  be  followed  by  phlebitis. 

VAROLI,  BRIDGE  OF,  Pons  Varolii. 

VARUS,  Acne,  Ionthus,  see  Entogonyancon 
and  Kyllosis  —  v.  Mentagra,  Sycosis. 

VAS,  Vessel,  Penis — v.  Deferens  mulieris,  Tuba 
Fallopiana — v.  Urinarium,  Ureter. 

VASA  ABERRAN'TIA.  Peculiar  ramifica- 
tions of  the  biliary  duct  in  the  liver  are  so  called 
by  E.  H.  Weber.  —  Kolliker. 


V A  S C  0  A   A  M  V  L  E  XIC  AULIS 


VEIN 


V\->\  Abporbkntia,  Abe  rbent  vessels —  v. 
Affereir  real  and  Efferent — v.  Capilla- 

ria,  Capillary  ressela — v.  Chylifera  m-u  Chylofera, 
Chyliferoua  \ 

Va»A     CBTLOPOiT/ICA      UrtMTF'bh  \.        Bl I- 

.  which,  aecording  to  Lippi,  convey  drinks 
from  tin'  chyliferoua  ressela  to  the  renal  veins. 

Vasa  I'Ji'KKi.MM,  see  Efferent  —  v.  Exbalan- 

ti.i.  Exbalanl  vessel* — v.  Hydragoga,  Lympbalio 

ntia,  see  Afferent  and  Efferent 

—  r.  Lac  tea,  Chyliferoua  ?( — >la,  Lactif  roua  res- 
sela— v.  Meningea,  Meningeal  ressela — v.Sedalia, 

rbuidal  ressela  —  r.  Lymphatica,  Lympha- 

— ..  Nutrientia,  \'.i>:i  raaurum — v.  Nu- 

triti:i,  Vasa  vasorum —  r.  Recta,  see  Rete  testis 

—  v.  Resorbentia,  Absorbent  ressela,  Lymphatic 

-v.  Serosa,  see  Capillary  ressela. 

Y\v\   Vaso'rum,   l"  nntrit"ia  sen  nutrien'tia. 
Small    vessels    tli;it    supply    larger.      II 
minutely  a  vessel  is  traoed,  its  parietea  will  be 
found  supplied  with  blood  for  its  nutrition  by  a 
smaller  vess 

Y\^\    VoRTTCO'SA,  (F.)    Vaieeeanx  tonrbilfon- 
l'iie  oontorted  ves- 
sels which  creep  on  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye; 
ciliary  veins. 

VASCO'A  AMPLEXIC  W'LIS.  A  South  Af- 
riean  Bhrub,  X<t.  Ord.  Leguminosm,  the  roots  of 

which    taste    like  liquorice.      They   are    used,   in 
in,  in  catarrh  and  phthisis,  and  are  a  good 
substitute  for  liquorice. 

VASCULA  SERPENTINA,  see  Testicle. 
VAS'CULAHi  Vaecnla'rie,  Vaecnln'ewi,  Angei'- 
al,  (F.)   Vaecnlaire,   from   bw»,   vaeie,  '  a  vessel,' 
V'ticu/iuii,  '  n  little   vessel.'     That  which   belongs 
or  relal  Is;  —  arterial,  venous,  or  lym- 

phatic; but  generally  restricted  to  blood-i 
only.     Full  of  vessels^      Biehat  gave  the  name 
Syete'ma  vaeo'rnm,   Hetmatan'- 
Jlea,  to   the  Is,  ami  of  this  lie  made 

two  divisions.     1.  The  Arterial  eyetem,  or  Syetem 
blood,    (F.)    Si/strnie    vaecnlaire    d    eang 
rouge,  which  commences  with  the  radicles  of  the 
pulmonary    veins:    and   includes   the  pulmonary 
6  left  cavities  of  the  heart,  and  the  aorta 
with  all   its  ramifications.      The  blood,  in   this 
system,  is   distributed   to   the   general    capillary 
system,  where  it  loses  its  arterial  quality  and  be- 
>nou8.     '2.  The   Venout  eyetem  or   Vaecu- 

■  ,n    of  black    bloat],    iF.)    Sl/strnir    VilHCulu  I  re 

il  tang  noir,  carries  the  blood  from  every  part  of 
tern   to  the  lungs.     It  takes  its  origin  in 

the  general  capillary  system;  continues  in  the 
right   auricle,   ami   ventricle   of   the  heart 

and  the  pulmonary  artery  and  its  branches,  and 

is  finally  lost  in  the  capillary  system  of  the  lungs. 

See  Circulation. 

Va»<  i  LAD   Latbr,  see  Taehe  embryovnaire  — 

tals,  Radical  vessels — v.  Substance  of  the 

Kidney,  see  Kidney — v.  System,  see  Vascular — 

■m.    intermediate,  Capillary  system — v. 

.  peripheral,  Capillary  system — v.  Tumour, 

.-  ■••  II;;tnorrhois. 

VASCULARITY,  Vaecularfitae,  (P.)  Vaecn- 
Inritf.  of  being  vascular,   or  largely 

supplied  with  vesi 

VAS<  DLUM,  Penis,  Vessel 

Vas'i  i  i.i  m  Abbr'rabb,  Appendix  to  the  Epi- 
did'ymie.     A  small  convoluted  duct,  of  variable 
length,  generally  connected  with  the  duct  of  the 
epididymis,  immediately  before   the  com;: 
ment  of  the  vaa  deferens. 

VA  v'   }  SAIONER,  Tup. 
VASTUS.     Thatwhioh  is  rn^  or  has  a  great 

extent. 

Vastus  Eztbrnus  and  Vastus  IsmsBua  are 


two  considerable,  fleshy  masses,  which  form  part 

of  the  Triceps  en. 

VASl  M.  \ 

VATER,  AMPULLA  OF,  (F.)  Ampoule  de 
An  ampulla  formed  by  the  orifice  of  the 
pancreatic  duel  in  the  duodenum. 

VATER,    »  ORPI  BCLB8    01  .  I  UtT]  QSClOS,   Pacinian. 

VAi  BR1  \  INDIC  \.  see  CopaL 
VATK  I.Ml'M   CHIROMANTICUM,    I 

manev. 

VAULT,  (old  F.  Votdte,)  'a  round  or  turn;' 
from  vtdcere,  volution,  'to  turn:'  Fornix,  Cam' era, 
1.  I  '  .  A  name  given  by  anatomists  to 
several  pan.- which  Bre rounded  auperiorly;  con- 
cave and  arched  interiorly, — as  the  Vanlt  of  the 
craninm  or  the  upper  part  of  the  skull, —  t 
latine  vanll  or  ronf  of  the  mani 

VAUQUELINE,  Btrycbnina. 

VEAL  TEA.  This  may  be  made  in  the  same 
manner  as  beef  tea.  by  using  a  pound  of  lillet  of 
veal,  free  from  fat  and  sliced,  and  a  pint  ami  a 
half  of  boiling  mid  r  ;  and  boiling  for  half  an 
hour.  It  may  also  he  made  with  the  Mine  quan- 
tity of  the  fleshy  part  of  a  knuckle  of  veal. 

VECORDIA,  Idiotisin. 

VECTIS,  Lever— v.  Klevatorius,  Elevator— v. 
Triploides,  Elevator,  triploid. 

VECTOR  ('ANAL.  Tube,  Fallopian. 

VEGETAL'ITY,  Vegetal'itae,  (P.)  VSgitalitS. 
The  aggregate  of  physiological  phenomena,  which 
exist  alone  in  the  vegetable,  but  are  common  to 
both  plants  and  animals.      See  Animality. 

VEGETARIAN,  see  Vegetarianism. 

VEGETA'RIANISM.  Same  etymon  as  Vege- 
tation. A  modern  term,  employed  to  designate 
the  view,  that  man.  for  bis  full  mental  and  cor- 
poreal development,  ought  to  subsist  on  the 
direct  productions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and 
totally  abstain  from  flesh  ami  blood.  An  embracer 
and  practiser  of  this  doctrine  is  called  a  vegeta- 
rian., 

VEOETATIF,  Vegetative, 

VEGETA'TION,  Vegeta'tio,  'growing  like  a 
plant,' from  vegeo  or  vigeo,  'I  flourish.'  A  mor- 
bid production,  which  rises  as  an  excrescence  on 
the  valves  of  the  heart,  in  syphilis,  Ac — as  the 
Cauliflower  excrescence,  Ac.  The  term  is  also 
applied  to  the  fleshy  granulations  or  Hyperear- 
coeee,  which  sometimes  arise  at  the  surfaces  of 
wounds  or  ulcers. 

VEG"ETATIVE,  Vegetati'vne,  (F.)  Yfgftatif, 
same  etymon  as  the  last.  Having  relation  to 
growth  or  nutrition;  hence,  the  vegetative  or  nu- 
tritive functions. 

Vbgbi  \iivi:  Latrr,  see  Tache  embryonnaire. 

VBGETATIVUS,  Vegetative. 

VE'HICLE,  Vehic'nfom,  Oche'ma,  Conetit' iiene, 
!'.  I  •  hicule,  from  vehere,  'to  carry.'  Anything 
which  serves  to  carry:  thus  air  is  the  vehicle  of 
sound:  the  arteries  are  the  vehicle*  of  the  blood, 
Ac.  In  Pharmacy,  the  name  vehicle  is  given  to 
any  exeipient  ;  or  to  substances  which  serve  as 
the  media  of  administration  for  any  medicine. 

VSHWULE,  Vehicle. 

VE1  LED  PUFF,  -    »  <  '■■•>   rnous  i  tion. 

VE  I  X,  l'<  mi,  diminutive  ven'nlafPhlt  be,  I 
1'.     Peine.     The  veins  are  vessels  for  the  convey- 
ance of  black  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body 
to  the  heart.      They  are  found  wherever  there  are 

arteries,  and.  altogether,  form  the  venoue  tyetem, 
which  may  be  subdivided  into  two  distinct  se- 
condary systems.  1.  Th(  enone  eyetemt 
wbiob  commences  in  all  the  organs,  by  \ 

note  radicles;  and  terminates  in  the  heart  by  tho 
cava  and   the  coronary  vein.      J. 


VEINS 


95  8 


VELAMENTUM   ABDOMINALE 


venous  system,  which  is  limited  to  the  abdomin  1 
cavity;  commences,  also,  by  a  great  number  i>f 

branches,  and  terminates  in  the  liver  by  a  sing'e 
trunk,  which  subdivides  in  that  organ.  It  is 
callffd,  also,  the  System  of  the  Vend  Porta  or  the 
Portal  System.  See  Porta.  The  veins  form  two 
sets,  one  deep-seated,  Vena  satef'litcs,  V.  concom'- 
ites,  which  accompany  the  arteries;  the  other  su- 
perficial  or  subcutaneous.  Their  parietes,  which 
are  thinner  than  those  of  the  arteries,  are  com- 
posed of  two  coats;  the  one,  external,  loose,  ex- 
tensible, and  with  parallel,  longitudinal  fibres  — 
the  proper  membrane ;  the  other,  the  common  or 
inner  membrane,  which  is  thin,  polished,  and  has 
numerous  duplicatures  or  folds  forming  parabolic 
valves.  These  valves  are  most  numerous  in  the 
veins  of  the  lower  extremities.  The  coats  of  the 
veins  are  supplied  with  small  arteries  or  vasa  va- 
sornm,  veins,  and  lymphatics.  They  have  not  as 
many  nervous  filaments  as  the  arteries.  These 
filaments  are  from  the  great  sympathetic. 


TABLE  OF  THE  VEINS. 


1.   VEINS   WHICH   FORM   THE   SUPERIOR   VENA   CAVA. 


■s  * 


Receives  the 
1.  Basilic,  formed  of  the 


2.  Cephalic,  forming  the<  „ 


1.  Posterior  ulnar. 

2.  Anterior  ulnar. 

3.  Median  basilic. 
1.  Superficial  radial. 

Median  cephalic. 


gg  ■{  3.  Circumflex  veins 

4.  Interior  scapular, 

5.  Long  thoracic. 

6.  Superior  thoracic 
17.  Acromial  veins. 
[ 


Receives  the 
1.  Internal    maxilla- 
ry, composed  of  the 


2.  Superficial  Tempo- 
ral, composed  of 
the 


f  1.  Pterygoid. 

2.  Sphenopalatine. 

3.  Alveolar. 

4.  Infra-orbitar. 

5.  Mental. 

6.  Inferior  dental. 

7.  Deep  temporal. 

1.  Middle  temporal. 

2.  Anterior auriculars. 

3.  Transverse   of    the 
face. 

Posterior  Auricular.  The  trunk  then  takes 
the  name  of  External  Jugular,  and  in  its 
course  along  the  neck,  receives  — 
Cervical  cutaneous. 
Trachelo-scapular,  &c. 

(  Receives 

I  1.  Superior  Cerebral  Veins. 

I  2.  Veins  of  the  Corpus  Striatum. 

3.  Veins  of  the  Choroid  plexus. 

4.  Superior  Cerehellar  Veins. 

5.  Inferior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

6.  Lateral  and  inferior  Cerebral  Veins. 

f  1.  Lachrymal. 

2.  Cenira)  of  the  retina. 
I  3.  Infraorbital-. 
-I  4.  Ciliary. 
I  5.  Ethmoidal. 
I  ti.  Palpebral,  and 

17.  Nasal  Veins. 

I  1.  Palpebral,  and 

I  2.  Superciliary  Veins. 

3.  Dorsals  of  the  nose. 

8.  Facial  vein,  call-  |  4.  Superior/  Coronaries 
ed  angular,  near  j  5.  Interior  \    of  the  lip 


7.  OphthalmicVein, 
composed  of  the 


the  eye,receivin< 
the 


fi   Several  Buccal  and 
Masseteric  Veins. 
|  8.  Hanine. 
I  9.  Submental,  and 
[10.  Inferior  Palatine. 
9.  Lingual  and  Pharyngeal  Veins. 

10.  Superior  thyroid. 

11.  Occipital,  and 

[12.  Veins  of  the  Diploe. 


2.  Right  Internal  Mammary  Vein. 

3.  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein,  opening  into  the  Vena  Cava, 
between  the  two  Subclavians. 

'•*-'««*  ~— Ji  SSSstSL 

f  3.  Semi-azvgos. 


2.    VEINS   WHICH   FORM   THE   INFERIOR   VENA   CAVA. 

1.  Femoral 
or    Crural, 
which    is  a 
continua- 
tion of  the 

Receive  the     2.  Popliteal,  "1  fl.  Several 

1.  External  J  commeuc-        l.External     abdominal 
Iliaes.form-  |  ing    by     3.         Saphena  [veins. 
ed  by  the —     veins  which  and  |  2.  Cireum- 

accompany     -  2.  Internal  t    flex  Iliac, 
the  fibular  Saphena.  I    and 

arteries. and         which  re-     3.     Kxter- 
reeeiving        |     ceive —      |    nal  pudic 
[the —  (.   veins, 

f  ,       ,..,,..         f  1.  Dorsal  veins 
H.     Ve«eal   Veins.  ft 

commencing  with  j      of  the  u|aie. 
"»  2.  Veins  of  the 


2.     Internal 
Iliacs  which 
receive 
the  — 


2.  Sacro-lateral 
Veins. 


c. 


ltons,      n 
the  female. 


Veins — four  in")  .. 

on    each    >ide,  V^' 

:ing  by  an—       j    ' 


Abdominal   branch. 
Dorsal  branch. 


5.     Spermatic     Veins, 
commencing  with  the 


3.  Middle  Sacral  V 

4.  Lumbar  Vi 
number 
eommencii. 

(  1.    Spermatic    plexus   in 

the  male. 
<J   2.  Those  of  the  Ovarium, 

Fallopian    tube,  &c.   in 
[      the  female. 

6.  Renal  Veins. 

7.  Capsular  and  Adipose  Veins. 

8.  Hepatic  Veins. 

9.  Middle.     I 
10.  Left,  and  >  Hepatic  Veins. 

|  11.  Right       J 

[12.  Iulerior  Diaphragmatic  Veins,  two  in  number. 

3.    VEINS  OF  THE  HEART. 

1.  Great  right  Coronary. 

2.  Small  right  Coronary. 

3.  Left  Coronary  Veins. 

4.   VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  VENA  PORTA. 

f     Receives  the 
1.  Veins   which   correspond    to    the 
vasa  brevia. 

4.  Pancreatic  veins. 
I  5.  Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  and 
[  6.  Small  mesenteric  vein. 
2.  Superior  Mesenteric  Vein. 

Vein,  Bhonchial,  Left,  see  Azygos — v.  Demi- 
azygous,  see  Azygos — v.  Frontal,  see  Facial  vein 
— v.  Semi-azygous,  see  Azygos  (vena) — v.  Supe- 
rior intercostal,  left,  see  Azygos  —  v.  Tibio-mnl- 
leolar,  Saphena,  great  —  v.  Palato-labial,  Facial 
vein — v.  Peroneo  malleolar,  Saphena  minor  —  v. 
Varicose.  Varix. 

VEINE,  Vein — v.  Care,  Cava  vena—  r.  Cej>ha- 
lique,  Jugular  vein,  internal  —  r.  Gephalique  du 
ponce.  Cephalic  vein  of  the  thumb  —  v.  Cnbitale 
cutanee,  Basilic  vein — v.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  vein  — 
v.  de  Jfedine,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Porte,  Porta  vena 
—  v.  Prelombo-thoracique,  Azygos,  (vena)  — v. 
Preparate,  Facial  vein  —  v.  Radiale  cutanee.  Ce- 
phalic vein — v.  Sana  poire,  Aaygos,  vein — v.  Tra- 
chefo-sons-cutanee.  Jugular  vein,  external. 

VEINES  ARTERIELLES,  Arterial  veins  — 
v.  Ci/iaires,  Ciliary  veins — v.  Soux-e/arteres, i^ub- 
clavian  veins — v.  Sns-hepatiqncs,  Hepatic  veins. 

VEINEUX,  Venous. 

VEINS,  CORONARY,  Cardiac  veins— v.  Intra- 
lobular, Hepatic  veins — v.  Supra-hepatic,  Hepatic 
veins. 

VEINSTONE.  Phlebolite. 

VEINULE.  Venula. 

VEJUCO  DE  MA  VACl'RE,  see  Curare. 

VELAMEN   NATIVUM,  Integument. 

VELAMEXTA  BOMBYCINA,  Villous  mem- 
branes—  v.  Cerebralia,  Meninges  —  v.  In  fa  litis* 
Membranes  of  the  foetus. 

VELAMKNTUM  ABDOMINALE,  Perito- 
naeum—  v.  Corporis  commune.  Integument  —  v. 
Linguae,  Olosso-epiglottic  ligament — v.  Nutivuui, 
j  Integument. 


VEL  A  Ii 


959 


VENOUS 


VELAR,  Erysimum. 
\        ,LIC  VI  ION,    I  ic, 

N  i  HBSIS,  Stapbylorrapby. 

VELUM, 'a  reil,  a  cover,1  Velum    pendulum 

palati  — v.  Apophysi  venniformi  obtentum, Val- 

\  ii  la   Vieuesenii —  v.  [nterjectum  cerebelli,  Val- 

vala  Vieussenii —  v.  Medullars  autioum,  Valvula 

-  ■  1 1  i  i . 

M    Mi  ihi  i.  \'i:i:   Imt  i::     B 


-       •MitOS,    POO     Ycill    V.    Sopor 

veins — v.  Spbiigitide*,  Jugulnr  veins. 


Blood-lettin 


Revul- 


VENiESECTIO, 
Boria,  bc«  Blood  letting. 

Vb.Vl.  \  ORTICO'ti  E.  Th<  v<  i  -  which  prin- 
cipally form  tlio  external  or  venous  layer  of  the 
choroid  coal  ol  the  eyej  bo  called  from  their  pe- 
culiar arrangement)  from    vertex  seu  vort* 


iuffrienr.  A  name  given,  by  Reil,  t«> 
the  medullary  band  or  strip,  by  which  the  cere- 
bellum communicate*  with  the  medulla. 

Vklum  Mbdulla'rb  Poste'rius  seu  PoaTi'cua 
.  v'i! k.   Valvu'la   Tari'ni.     The  small 
posterior  valve  of  the  cerebellum;  a  thin  medul- 
lary plate,  situate  between  the  medulla  oblongata 
and  vartnis  inferior,  in  front  of  the  nodulus, 

\' i  i  i  \i   Pa i. ah.  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  v. 
Palatinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

Vklum   IY\'i>i  u  \i   Pala'ti,  'Pendulous   veil 

,;     '      Velum,   V.  Palati'nnm  sou  Palati 

sen  Pen'dulnm  sou  Staphuli'tium,  Pain' turn  /«»'- 

(liilian   SOU    Molli   SOU  mob'ile,   /'<  ;/' '</ ii/iim  soil   UlaU9- 

tmm  Palati,  Palatum  Malle,  Soft  Palai 
S'i>in,u  Staphiflim  (Cli.),  Voile  <t«  Palate.  A 
movable,  soft,  and  broad  septum,  attached  to  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  se- 
parating the  mouth  from  the  pharynx.  Its  form 
is  aearly  quadrilateral.  Its  anterior  tar/ace  cor- 
responds to  the  mouth  :  the  poeterior  to  the  pha- 
ItB  eaperior  edg<   is  flxed   to  the  palatine 


arch  :  the  inferior  is  free 
pendix   at  its   middle 


injr,  and  has  an  a] 

the  uvula.  The  lateral 
a  irgins  <>f  the  velum  are  held  down  by  two  folds, 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  triangular  Bpace; 
e  ealled  thepillare;  the  anterior  passes 
to  the  base  of  the  tongue,  the  posterior  to  the 
sides  (d*  the  pharynx.  The  velum  palati  is  formed 
of  a  mucous  coat,  which  contains  numerous  folli- 
cles, and  of  a  muscular  stratum,  in  which  are  the 
poristapiivlini  intend  and  p.  extend  muscles',  the 
- .■  npbylini,  t he  pbaryngo-staphylini  and 
ito-staphylinus.  The  arteries  of  the  velum 
pa'.ati  are  furnished  by  the  internal  maxillary, 
the  labial  and  the  superior  pharyngeal.  Its  veins 
open  into  the  internal  jugular.  Its  nerves  are 
sent  off  from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  come 
from  the  palatine  branches.  The  glossopharyn- 
geal nerve,  likewise,  sends  it  some  filaments. 

Velum  Staphtlimum,  Velum  pendulum  palati 
— r.  Vieuasenii,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VELVET  LEAF,  Abutilon  A  vieennss,  Pareira. 

VBN  \.  Vein,  Penis — v.  Alba  rcnum,  Creter — 

I    thoracis,  Thoracic  duet — v.  Apnplectica, 

Jugular  vein,  internal — v.  Arteriosa,  Porta  vena, 

Pulmonary  artery — v.  Capitis,  Cephalic   vein — v. 

Cava,  Cava  vena — v.  Cubiti  interior.  Basilic  vein 

— v.  Demiasygos,   ■  -v.  Falcis  cerebri, 

Sinus  longitudinalis  inferior — v.  Hemiazyga,  Bee 

. .    Lacl    i.   Porta    vena  —  v.  Lienalis, 

■  vein — v.  Magna,   Porta  vena — v.  Medina 

Arabum,  Draeunculus  —  v.  Medinensis,   Dracun- 

c-uuis — v.  Ostiaria,  Porta  vena  — v.  Pari  eaien>. 

is,    (vena)  —  v.  Portalis,    Porta    vena  — 

v.   I'ortiruiu,    Porta    vena — v.   ad    Portas,    Porta 

Vi-'iii  —  v.  '|iia>  ad   Portas  e-t.    Porta   vena    -v.   lia- 

iniilis,  Porta  vena —  v.  sine  Pari.  Axygos,  (vena) 


—  v.  Snl 


pienica,  ^i 


Splenic  vein — v. 


telech 


vena — v.  Subalaris,  Vena  axillaris — v.  Termina- 
ls. Cireulus  ven<  • 

B  AP0PLEC1  [I  '.I-:.  Jugular  veins  —  v. 

patis,  Hepatic  veins  —  v.  Cent  rale-,  [ntra- 
lohulnr  veins  —  v. Concomites,  sec  Vein  —  v.  Ga- 

uroid,  (veins) — v.  [nnominatsa,  see  [nno- 
•  i  —  v.  [ntralobulares,  Intralobular  veins 
—  v.  LactetB,  Cbyliferoua  vessels  -v.  Lympbati- 
c-.r.  Lymphatic  vessels  —  v.  Micantes,    at 

ty— v.  Pulsatile*,  (arteries, 


\  i:.\  VL.  Venous. 

VI  NEFICH  M,  Poisoning. 

VENENATION.  Poison,  Poisoning,  Venom. 
ENATUS,  Venomous. 
ENEl  A.  Poisonous. 

YK.\  KNOSE,  V< 

Vi   \  I  INI    U.   Poison,  Venom. 

VENE'REAL,  Veue'reue,  Aphrodieiaet 
ue'rean,  I.  i-  ■■  r\  n,  from  Venue,  vt  m  i 
goddess  of  pleasure.'  That  which  relates  to  the 
pleasures  of  love.  In  a  more  restricted  sense,  the 
word  venereal- — as  well  weaphroditie —  is  synony- 
mous with  eyphilitic,  and  also  with  euphilie. 
Some  authors  have  proposed  that  those  diseases 
should  l>e  called  venereal  which  are  produced  by 
excess  in  venory  ;  and  that  eyphilitic  should  be 
limited  to  those  which  are  the  result  of  impure 
connexion.  ft  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
aphrodisiac, — adapted  to  excite  venereal  desire. 

Vknbkbal  Desirb,  Libido  —  v.  Disease,  Sy- 
philis. 

VENERTEN,    Venereal.      This    term,    also, 
means  one    labouring  under  syphilis  :   a.-  M6pital 
■  riene. 

VENER1VAGUS,  Libidinous. 

VEN'ERY.  Same  etymon.  The  pleasures  of 
love.     Sexual  communication.     Coition. 

VENESECTION,  see  Blood-letting. 
I  ENIMEUX,  Venomous. 
VENIN,  Venom. 

VENOM,  Vene'num,  Tox'icum,  Venena'tion, 
(F.)  Venin.  A  poisonous  fluid  secreted  by  certain 
animals,  as  the  viper,  in  a  state  of  health,  and 
which  they  preserve  in  a  particular  reservoir,  to 
use  as  a  moans  of  attach  or  defence.  It  differs, 
according  to  some,  from  rim*,  as  the  latter  is 
always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process,  which  may 
be  produced  by  the  individuals  who  receive  it,  in 
their  turn,  anil  be  transmitted  to  others. 

Vrnov,  QniCK ruing,  Sperm — v.  Vital,  Sperm. 

VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'tue,  Ven'enoee,  (F.)  1  - 
nimeux.  An  epithet  applied  to  animals  which 
have  a  secretion  of  venom,  as  the  viper,  rattle- 
snake, Ac,  as  well  as  to  the  venom  itself;  and, 
by  some,  to  liquids  in  the  animal  body,  which 
have  been  so  perverted  by  previous  disease,  that 
their  contact  occasions  serious  mischief  in  sound 
individuals  ;  as  happens  in  hydrophobia.  Virus; 
is  more  commonly  used  in  this  case, 

VEN0S1TAS,  Venosity—  v.  Sanguinis,  PrSB- 
dominium  sanguinis  venosi, 

VENOS'ITY,  Venoe'itae,  Yv'nouxne**,  FenoMS 
xtdte  or  cachex'ia,  ifelana'mia,  ifelano'eia  uni- 
verea'lie,  from  vena,  'a  vein.'  A  condition  in 
which,  it  has  been  supposed,  the  blood  is  moved 
slowly;  is  more  venous;  and  the  venous  blood 
itself  in  greater  quantity.  This  Btate  is  said  to 
be  chiefly  observed  in  hemorrhoids,  gout,  hyp<  - 
chondritis,  melancholia,  Ac. —  Puohelt. 

VENOUS,     Venal,     Veno'eue,     (F.)     1' 
Same  etymon.     Appertaining  to  a  vein,  or  to  Eh  a 
blond  of  the  veins j  as  venoui  cachexia,  venou* 

Vbvoua  Cachexia,  Venosity  —  v.  Hum,  Brail 

//<     Diable  —  v.  State,    Venosity  —  v.  System,  B<  •> 
Vascular — v.  System,  abdominal,  Porta  vena. 
V :  HO*  I     IrSTBM    0]     J  \'  0BS  >ff.       \    BJ  stem    of 

in   the  three  classes  of  vertebrated  ani- 
mals  other  than  the  mammalia,  which  forms  a 


VENOUSNESS 


9  G  0       VEXTRIC  ULES  D  U  CER  YEA  V 


communication  between  the  vena  porta  and  the 
vena  cava. 

VENOUSNESS,  Venosity. 
VENT,  Wind. 

VENTER,  Abdomen,  Belly,  Uterus.  In  law, 
venter  designates  the  maternal  parentage  of  chil- 
dren. Thus,  if  A  were  B's  child  by  *is  first  wife, 
he  would  be  described  in  law  as  "  by  the  first 
venter."  "  A  died  seised,  leaving  two  infant 
daughters  by  different  venters." 

Venter  Tmos,  Abdomen,  Ilypogastriuru,  Nei- 
8PM  —  v.  Inferius,  Abdomen  —  v.  Infimus,  Abdo- 
men— v.  Magnus,  Ingluvies — v.  Medius,  Thorax 
— v.  Parvus,  Hypogastriuui — v.  Propendens,  Hys- 
teroloxia  anterior — v.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kid- 
nev — v.  Supreraus,  Cavum  cranii. 
VENTEUX,  Windy. 

VENTILA'TION,  Ventila'tio,  from  ventus, 
'wind.'  ventnlus,  'a  little  wind.'  The  act  of  re- 
newing the  air  of  vessels,  hospitals,  and  apart- 
ments, or  of  situations  where  many  people  are 
collected  together.  The  utility  of  such  renewal 
must  be  evident,  when  it  is  considered  that  atmo- 
spheric air  loses  its  oxygen  during  respiration, 
and  that  carbonic  acid  supplies  its  place.  Stag- 
nant air,  also,  becomes  loaded  with  numerous 
impurities;  and  hence  one  of  the  greatest  hyg- 
ienic improvements,  of  modern  times,  has  been  a 
proper  attention  to  circulation  of  air.  It  is, 
moreover,  one  of  the  most  valuable  additions 
to  our  stock  of  therapeutical  agencies  in  many 
diseases. 

Instruments  used  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
the  air,  in  ships,  apartments,  &c,  have  been 
called  ventilators. 

VENTOSITE,  Flatulence. 

VENTOSiTY,  Flatulence. 

VEXTOUSES  SCARIFIEES,  Cupping  with 
the  scarificator. 

VEXTOUSES  SECHES,  Cupping,  dry. 

VENTRAL,  from  venter,  'the  belly.'  Abdo- 
minal. 

Ventral  Her'nia,  Her' n in  ventra'lis.  Direct 
hernia  occurring  in  any  part  of  the  abdomen.  It 
is  most  frequently  found  between  the  recti  mus- 
cles. 

YENTRALE,  'an  apron,'  Belt  (Russian.) 

Ventrale  Cuta'neum,  'Cutaneous  apron.'  (F.) 
Tabiier.  An  elongation  of  the  nymphse  in  the 
Bosjesman  female,  which  hangs  down  before  the 
vulva  like  an  apron. 

VEX  THE,  Abdomen  —  v.  Inferieur,  Abdomen 
— v.  Resserri,  Constipation. 

VENTRE  INSPICIENDO  DE,  see  De  ventre 
inspiciendo. 

VEN'TRICLE,  Ventric^ulm,  diminutive  of 
rente.-,  '  belly.'  (F.)  Ventricale.  Literally,  a 
little  belly.  A  name  given,  in  anatomy,  to  vari- 
ous parts. 

Ventricle  of  Aran'tius.  A  small  cavity, 
lined  with  gray  substance,  at  the  point  of  the 
calamus  scriptorius. 

Ventricles  op  the  Brain,  Ventric'uli  seu  Ca- 
vita'tes  seu  Sinus  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Ventricules  du 
cerveau,  are  five  cavities  in  the  interior  of  that 
organ,  which  are  distinguished  into  the  lateral 
ventricles,  middle  ventricle,  fourth  ventricle  or 
ventricle  of  the  cerebellum,  and  fifth  ventricle. 
The  middle  ventricle  or  third  ventricle,  (F.)  Ven- 
tricule  moyen  du  cerveau,  is  situate  in  front  of  the 
pineal  gland.  It  is  bounded,  above,  by  the  tela 
choroidea  and  the  fornix;  below,  by  a  portion  of 
cerebral  substance,  which  separates  it  from  the 
base  of  the  cranium;  laterally,  by  the  thalami 
nervorum  opticorum  ;  anteriorly,  by  a  medullary 
c>rd,  called  the  anterior  commissure ;  and,  poste- 
rior!//, by  another  medullary  cord,  called  the  pos- 
terior  commissure.     It   communicates   with    the 


lateral  ventricles  by  two  openings,  situate  behind 
the  anterior  pillar  or  crus  of  the  fornix.  The 
Lateral  ventricles,  Ventric'uli  latera'les  seu  maijni 
seu  ma  jo' res  seu  prio'res  seu  superio'  res  seu  tri- 
cor'nes.  (F.)  Ventricules  lateraux,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  large,  and,  owing  to  their  consi- 
derable curvature,  occupy  a  great  part  of  the 
cerebral  centre.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum  :  ante- 
riorly, by  the  curved  portion  of  the  same  body; 
posteriorly,  by  a  considerable  mass  of  cerebral 
substance;  and,  internally,  they  are  separated 
j  from  each  other  by  the  septum  of  the  ventricles, 

—  a  medullary  plate,  which  is  given  off  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  corpus  callosum.  The  lateral 
ventricles  have,  in  their  upper  and  anterior  por- 
tion, the  Corpora  striata,  Thalami  optici,  and 
Taenia  semicircularis :  —  their  inferior  portion 
contains  the  corpus  fimbria  turn,  corn  u  Ammonia, 
&c.  Each  of  the  ventricles  has  a  body  or  centre 
— cella  me'dia — and  horns,  cornua.  The  Fourth 
ventricle,  Ventriculns  cerebel/i  seu  quart  us  seu 
Aran'tii,  Sinus  rhombo'i'deus,  (F.)  Quatrihne  ven- 
tricule,  is  situate  beneath  the  aqueduct  of  Sylvius, 
by  which  it  communicates  with  the  third  ventri- 
cle. It  extends  from  this  aqueduct  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  medulla;  and  is  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  tuber  annulare.  The  Fifth  ventri- 
cle, Veutric'ulus  septi  pellu'cidi,  Incisu' ra  scpii, 
(F.)  Cinquieme  vcntricule,  is  the  small  serous 
cavity  between  the  laminae  of  the  septum  lucidum  ; 
called,  also,  Sinus  of  the  septum  lu'cidum,  S.  of 
the  median  septum  (Ch.). 

Ventricles  of  the  Heart,  Ventric'uli  cordis, 
Specus  cordis,  (F.)  Ventricules  du  cceur,  are  two 
in  DUlllber.  The  Right  ventricle,  Pulmonary  ven- 
tricle, Veutric'ulus  anterior  seu  primus  sen  pul- 
mona'lis,  (F.)  Ventricule  droit  ou  pulmonaire,  is 
situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  heart,  the  base  and 
apex  corresponding  to  those  of  the  heart.  In  it 
are  seen  the  Columnce  carnecB  and  Coram  tendiuea?. 
The  right  ventricle  communicates  with  the  right 
auricle  by  the  Ostium  venosum,  and  from  it  the 
Pulmonary  artery  arises.  Around  the  auricular 
orifice  is  a  tendinous  margin  or  ring,  from  which 
the  tricuspid  valve  is  given  off.  The  use  of  the 
ventricle  is  to  send  the  blood,  by  its  contraction, 
along  the  pulmonary  artery  to  the  lungs.  The 
Left  ventricle,  Veutric'ulus  aor'ticus  seu  posterior 
seu  secundus,  (F.)  Ventricule  gauche  ou  aortiqne, 
is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  left  part  of  the 
heart.  Its  parietes  are  much  thicker  and  stronger 
than  those  of  the  right,  owing  to  its  having  to 
send  the  blood  over  the  whole  system.  The  inner 
surface  has  the  same  general  appearance  as  that 
of  the  right.  The  ColumncB  carnecp.  and  C«rd<B 
tendinecB  are,  however,  much  stronger.  It  com- 
municates with  the  left  auricle  by  means  of  the 
Mitral  valve;  and  from  it  proceeds  the  largest 
blood-vessel  of  the  body — the  aorta. 

Ventricles  of  the  Larvnx,  Ventric'uli  seu 
Sac'culi  larynge'i, Ventric'uli  Jforgagn'ii,  Sinuses 
of  the  larynx,  (F.)  Ventricules  ou  Sinus  du  larynx, 
are  two  depressions  in  the  larynx,  comprised  be- 
tween the  superior  and  inferior  ligaments. 

Ventricle,  Pulmonary,  V.  right. 

VENTRICULAR,  VentricuWHs,  (P.)  Ventri- 
culaire.  Same  etymon  as  Ventricle.  Relating 
to  a  ventricle. 

VENTRICULE,  Ventricule. 

VEXTRICULE  A  ORTIQUE,  Ventricle,  left 

—  v.  Cinquieme,  Ventricle,  fifth  —  r.  Droit.  Ven- 
tricle, right — v.  Gauche,  Ventricle,  left — v.  Moyen 
du  Cerveau,  Ventricle,  middle,  of  the  brain  —  v. 
Pulmonaire,  Ventricle,  right — v.  Quatrihne,  Ven- 
tricle, fourth. 

VEXTRICULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Ventri- 
cles of  the  brain  —  v.  du  C<rur,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart  —  v.  Lateraux,  Ventricles,  lateral. 


VI-XTRICULI   CORDIS 


9  01 


VERATRUM   VI HIDE 


VENTRICULI  CORDIS,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart  —  v.  Dilatatio,  Qaatreetaeis —  v.  Diuolutio, 
Gastro-malacia — v.  Dunr  mains,  Sioiuefl  of  the 
dura  mater  —  v.  Emollitio,  (Jastro-malacia —  v. 
Bxolceratio,  Gastrelcosis —  v.  Fluxus,  tJa-tror- 
rhcea — v.  [Dflammatio,  Qastritis —  v.  Laryngei, 
Ventricles  of  the  larynx — v.  Laterales,  Be 
trieles,  Lateral,  of  the  brain  —  v.  liagni,  Ventri- 
cles.  lateral,  of  the  hrain  —  v.  Majores,  Ventricles, 
lateral—  v.  Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis,  QastTO- 
nialaeia  —  v.  Morgagnii,  Ventricles  of  the  larynx 
—  v.  Perforatio,  Gastro-brosia —  v.  Priorea,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral  — v.  Pseudophlogosis  resolutive  et 
colliquative.  Qastro-malacia — v.  Superiores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral  —  v.  Tricornes,  Ventricles,  lateral 
— v.  Ulceratio,  Oastreleosia. 

VENTRICULUS,  Stomach,  Ventricle— v.  An- 
terior, Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Aorticus,  Ventricle, 
left — v.  Arantii,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

.11  ii. i  s    CaLLO'SOS,    •Callous    stomach.' 
mrli  of  the  gallinaceous 
bird.    (P.)  It  consists  of  a  double-bellied 

or  digaetric  muscle;  is  lined  by  a  linn  culicle, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  pouob,  depending  from  the 
alimentary  tube,  in  which  the  second  stomach 
terminates,  and  from  which  the  duodenum  or 
Ventricidtt*  eneeenturia'tue  issues).  In  the  inte- 
rior of  the  giiaard  there  are  numerous  pebbles, 
which  seem  to  be  destined  to  aid  in  the  tritura- 
tion of  the  food.  The  gizzard  is  an  organ  of 
i tion,  and  is  possessed  of  great  muscular 
power. 

Vkntkicilis  Ckbbbelli,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain  —  v.  Intestinalie,  Abomasai  —  v.  Posterior, 
Ventricle,  left  —  v.  Primus.  Ventricle,  right  —  v. 
Pulmonalis,  Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Quartus,  see 
Ventricles  of  the  brain  —  v.  Secundus,  Ventricle, 
left  —  v.  Septi  Pellucidi,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — V.  Succentnriatus,  Duodenum. 

VENTR1LOQUE,  Engaatrimytbee. 

VENTRILOQUISM,  Bee  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUY,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRIOSUS,  Abdominous. 

VENTRIPOTENT,  Abdominous. 

VENTROSITAS,  Physeonia, 

VK.\  rROSUS,  Abdominous. 

VENTS,  Flatulence. 

VENTUS,  Wind. 

VEN'ULA,  PhUbion,  diminutive  of  Vena.  See 
Vein.  (F.i  Yeinule.  A  small  vein.  Hippocrates 
•eems  to  use  it  in  the  same  sense  as  Arteria. 

VENULiE  CENTRALES,  Intralobular  veins 
— v.  [ntralobulares,  Intralobular  veins. 

VENUS,  Clitoris,  Coition,  Cuprum — v.  Crystals 
of,  Cupri  subacetas  —  r.  Cryetaux  de,  Cupri  sub- 
acetas. 

VBR  GUCURB1TIN,  Taenia  solium  —  v.  Cu- 
tanS,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Filaire,  Dracunculus  —  v. 
de  Gniiife,  Dracunculus — r.  Luieant,  Cicindela — 
e>.  '/>  Midine,  Dracunculus — v.  Solitaire,  Rothrio- 
eephalus  latus,  Taenia  solium. 

VERATRIA,  Veratrina. 

VERATRI'NA,  Vera'tn'a,  Ver'atrine;  from 
vcrntnini.  A  vegetable  alkali,  found  in  the  seeds 
of  Pera'ft*um  tabadil'la,  V,  qfflcina'li,  Helo'niaa 
njffUtina'lit,  and  Annrjra>'n  offlcina'lia,  which  are 
known  in  commerce  under  the  names  Oebadill'a, 
CevadilVa,  and  SabadilVa,  and  are  imported 
from  Mexi 30.  They  asaally  occur,  in  commerce, 
mixed  with  the  fruit  of  the  plant,  are  two  or  three 
lines  long,  of  a  black  colour,  and  are  shining,  flat, 
shrivelled,  winged,  and  elastic  seeds.  Veratrine 
..  white,  pulverulent,  and  inodorous;  of  a 
very  acrid  taste;  decomposable  by  heat;  very 
Soluble  in  water,  and  soluble  in  .alcohol.  When 
prepared  in  the  usual  manner,  it  still  contains 
other  substances, — Sabadil'lin,  Ver'atrin,  gum 
resin  of  the  sabadilla,  and  black  greasy  matter. 
OL 


It   is   extremely   poisonous,   and    but  little   used 
internally    in    medicine.      Magendic    gave    it    M 
an  emetic  and  drastic  in  very  small  doses.     [I 
has   been   recommended  to  be  applied  in  f 
of  friction,  or  cnderinically,    (from   gr.  f  to  \  x  to 
5J  of  lard  or  cerate.)   in  various   neuralgic 
turns.      The  following  is   the   formula  for  • 
paration   in    the   Pharmacopoeia   of  the    United 
States:  —  Take  of  ceradiUa,  tbij ;  alcohol,  '2  gal- 
lons ;  ttdphuric  acid,  tolution  of  ammonia,  /unified 
animal  charcoal,  and    vtaijmsia,  each    a    sufficient 

quantity.     Boil  the  cevadilla  in  a  gallon  of  the 

alcohol,  in  a  retort  with  a  receiver  attached,  for 
an  hour,  and  poitf  off  the  liquor.  To  the  residue 
add  another  gallon  of  the  alcohol,  together  with 
the  portion  recently  distilled j  again  boil  for  an 
hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  Repeat  the  boiling 
a  third  time  with  the  remaining  alcohol,  and 
with  that  distilled  in  the  previous  operation. 
Press  the  cevadilla,  mix  and  strain  the  liquors, 
and,  by  means  of  B  water-bath,  distil  off  the  alou 
hoi.  Roil  the  residue  three  or  four  times  in 
water  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid,  mix  and 
strain  the  liquors,  and  evaporate  to  the  consist- 
ence of  syrup.  Add  magnesia  in  alight  excess, 
shake  the  mixture  frequently,  then  express  and 
wash  what  remains.  Repeat  the  expression  and 
washing  two  or  three  times,  and  having  dried  the 
residue,  digest  it  with  a  gentle  heat  several  times 
in  alcohol,  and  strain  after  each  digestion.  Distil 
off  the  alcohol  from  the  mixed  liquor,  boil  the 
residue  for  fifteen  minutes  in  water  with  a  little 
sulphuric  acid  and  purified  animal  charcoal,  and 
strain.  Having  thoroughly  washed  what  remains, 
mix  the  washings  with  the  strained  liquor,  eva- 
porate with  a  moderate  heat  to  the  consistence 
of  syrup,  and  then  drop  in  as  much  solution  of 
ammonia  as  may  be  necessary  to  precipitate  the 
veratria.  Lastly,  separate  and  dry  the  precipi- 
tate.    See  Colchicum  autumnale. 

VERATRINE,  Veratrina. 

Vbratbihb,  Sdlphatb  of,  Vera'tria  enlpha*, 
(F.)  Sulfate  de  Veratrine,  possesses  the  same  vir- 
tues as  veratrine.  A  solution  of  one  grain  in  two 
ounces  of  distilled  water  has  been  suggested  as  a 
substitute  for  the  Eau  midieinale  d'Hutson  —  a 
celebrated  gout  remedy — in  the  dose  of  f^j  to 

VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  (vere  atrum,  'truly 
black,'  from  the  colour  of  the  roots  [?]  ).  7/</- 
feb'ortu  albus,  Klh  b'orwn  album,  Ellebarn*  nlbnn, 
Cherbachem,  White  hellebore,  Langvsort,  iF  i  ll<  I- 
lebore  blane.  Sex.  Syat.  Polygamia  Moncecia. 
Nat.  Ord.  Melanthaceae  (Lindley).  The  root  or 
rhizoma  of  this  common  European  plant  is  in- 
debted to  the  veratrine  for  its  properties.  It  is 
inodorous;  has  a  bitterish,  acrid,  nauseous  taste, 
and  is  violently  emetic  and  purgative,  even  when 
applied  to  an  ulcerated  surface.  It  is.  a! 
sessed  of  errhine  properties,  and  acts,  externally. 
as  a  stimulant.  It  is  rarely  exhibited  internally. 
Sometimes  it  is  given  as  a  meeting  powder  j  but 
it  operates  with  great  violence.  It  forms,  also, 
an  itch  ointment.     See  Ung.  Veratri. 

Vkkatiu  m  Luteum,  Cbamselirium  Intenm. 

VlBATRUM    SaBADIL'lA.    Sabadilla,    Sabatilla, 

Cam's  Interfec'tor,  Cane'ticum  America' num,  Ceva- 
dil'la  Hiepano'rutn,  Sevadilla,  Hor'deum  cant'ti- 
eum,  (F.)  Civadille.  The  seeds  of  this  plant, 
Sabadilla,  Cevadilla  (Ph.  V.  8.),  have  been  uscjfc 
mostly  as  anthelmintics.  Dose,  gr.  ij  to  a  child 
four  years  old.  It  possesses  the  Borne 
properties  as  the  veratrum  album. 

VxRATRUM  Viu'ii>K..l'//'//Vrni  //,  llebore, Swamp 
hellebore,  Indian  poke,  Indian  Uncae,  /'"'.<  weed, 
Bear  weed,  Tteh  weed,  Tickle  weed,  Earth  galL 
Devilbit,  Wolfbane,  /'ti/>/i>t  root,  is  indigei 
the  swampy  districts  of  almost  every  part  of  the 
United  States.      Its  properties  are  [ike   those  of 


VEPvEASCULUM 


9  02 


VERONICA 


the  genus.     It  has  been  brought  forward,  how-  [ 
ever,  in  recent  times,  in  the  Southern   Suites,  as 
a    powerful    sedative    in    inflammatory   diseases. 
Dose,  eight  drops  of  a  saturated  tincture. 
VERBASCULUM,  Primula  veris. 
VERBASOUM  ALBUM,  V.  thapsus— v.  Ala- 
tum,  V.  thapsus  —  v.   Collinum,   V.   thapsus  —  v. 
Crassifolium,  V.  thapsus — v.  Elongatum,  V.  thap- 
sus—  v.  Lychnitis,  V.  thapsus — v.  Montanutn,  V. 
thapsus. 

Vbrbas'cum  Nigrum,  (supposed  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption from  Barbaaeum,  owing  to  its  hairy  coat: 
barba,  'a  beard.')  Caude'la  re'gia,  Thapsus  bar- 
ba'tus,  Tarsus  barba'tns,  Candcla'ria,  Lana'ria, 
Black  Mullein;  and  Yerbas'ccm  Thapsus,  V. 
thapaoVdea  seu  a  la' turn  seu  colli'uum  seu  album 
seu  cratsifo'lium  seu  elonga'tum  seu  lyehni'tia 
seu  monta'num  seu  simplex,  Phlogmns,  Phlamus, 
Phlox,  great  broad-leaved  or  yellow  Mullein,  High 
Taper,  Cow's  Lungwort,  (F.)  3folene,  Bouillon 
blanc,  lionhomme,  Cierge  de  noire  dame,  Herbe 
Saint-Fiacre,  Ord.  Scrophulariacea?,  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia, —  especiall}'  the  latter, — 
have  been  used  as  emollients,  applied  externally 
in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  large  leaves 
have  been  chosen  for  this  purpose.  Occasionally, 
the  mucilage  which  they  contain  has  been  ex- 
tracted by  decoction  or  infusion,  and  administered 
in  pectoral  affections. 

Vbrbascum  Simplex.  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Thap- 
soides.  V.  thapsus — v.  Thapsus,  see  V.  nigrum. 

VERBE'XA  IIAS'TATA,  V.  panicula'ta,  Blue 
vena  in,  Simpler's  Joy,  an  American  species,  is 
more  bitter  than  the  European,  and  said  to  be 
emetic. 

Verbe'na  Officinalis,  Verbena,  Dichro'mos, 
Verbena'ca,  Periste'  rium,  Hierobot'ane,  Herba 
sacra.  Vervain,  Pnrvain,  (Prow)  Bcrbine,  Juno's 
Tears,  (F.)  Verveine,  Herbe  a  tons  Its  mattx J 
Ord.  Yerbenaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia. A  plant  formerly  held  sacred  ;  used  in  sac- 
rifices, and  suspended  round  the  neck  as  an  amu- 
let. In  the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  is  said  to  have 
relieved  obstinate  headaches,  and  to  have  been  of 
service  in  scrofula.     It  is  not  used. 

Verbena  Paniculata,  Y.  hastata. 

Vbrbe'na  Uuticifo'lia,  an  indigenous  spe- 
cies, has  been  used  in  poisoning  from  Bhus  Toxi- 
codendron. 

YERBEXACA,  Yerbena  officinalis. 

YERBESIXA  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  Ac- 
mella. 

Verbesi'xa  Virgin'ica.  Crown  Beard.  Indi- 
genous. Order,  Composite.  A  decoction  of  the 
roots  is  used  by  the  Indians  as  diaphoretic  and 
depurative. 

YE  REUS.  Penis. 

VEROO  Q  ULV,  Ph  ren  i'tis  verm ino'sa.  A  form 
ofphrenitis,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  a  worm 
in  the  brain  ! 

VERDE T.  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERDIGRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERENDA.  Genital  organs. 

VERETRUM,  Penis. 

VERGE,  Penis — v.d'Or,  Solidaeo  virgaurea. 
VERGERETTE     DE     PHILADELPHIE, 
Erisreron  Philadelphicum. 
VERGETURES,  Y ibices. 

YE R JUICE,  Ompha'cium,  (F.)  Verjus,  Verd- 
j'is,  (verd,  'green,'  and  jus,  'juice.')  "The  juice 
of  green  fruits."  A  sour  kind  of  grape.  Also,  an 
acid  liquor,  prepared  from  very  sour  grapes  or 
crab-apples.  It  is  principally  used  in  culinary 
preparations:  although,  occasionally,  an  ingre- 
dient in  medicinal  compounds.  See  Yitis  vini- 
fera. 

VERJUS,  Yerjuice. 

YERMES.  Worms — v.  Cerebri,  Choroid  plexus. 

YERMICELLL  see  Turundae  Iialicse. 


VERMICULAIRE  BRJJLANTE,  Sedum. 

VERMICULAR.  Vermiform. 

VERMICULARIS,  Lumbricalis,  Sedum. 

VERMICULI  SPERMATICI,  Spermatozoa. 

VERMIC'ULUM,  Vermyc'ifum.  An  elixir;  a 
tincture.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

YERMICULUS  CAPILLARIS,  Dracunculus. 

YER'MIFORM,  Vermic'ular,  Vermicula'ria, 
Vermifor'mis,  (F.)  Vermicnlaire,  Vermiforme, 
from  vermis,  'a  worm,'  and  forma,  'form.'  That 
which  resembles  a  worm. 

Ykkm'iform  Pkoc"esses,  Processus  seu  Pro- 
tuberan'ticB  seu  appen' 'dices  vermiformes,  Vermes, 
Montic'uli  cerebel'li,  Worms,  (F.)  Eminences  ver- 
miformes du  cercelet,  are  two  medullary  projec- 
tions, at  the  surface  of  the  cerebellum.  The  supe- 
rior vermiform  process,  Vermis  superior  cerebelli, 
is  an  elongated  projection,  at  the  anterior  and 
middle  part  of  the  superior  surface  of  the  cerebel- 
lum ;  —  and  the  inferior  vermiform  jjroccss,  Ver- 
mis inferior  cerebelli,  Pyr' amid  of  Malacarne,  is 
a  somewhat  larger  projection,  situate  in  the  de- 
pression at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  same  organ. 
The  inferior  vermiform  process  is  usually  de- 
scribed as  consisting  of  three  portions — the  ]>y><i- 
mid,  the  uvula,  and  the  nodulus.  The  anterior 
portion  of  the  superior  vermiform  process  is  ele- 
vated, and  termed  Moutic'ulus. 

YERMIFUGE,  Anthelmintic. 

Yermifuge,  Mathieu's.  This  consisted  of  two 
distinct  electuaries;  the  one  for  killing,  the  other 
for  expelling  tape-worm.  The  former  is  made 
of  an  ounce  of  tin  flings,  and  six  drachms  of fern 
root. 

YERMIFUGUS,  Anthelmintic. 

YERMILIOX,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brura. 

VERMILLON  DE  PROVENCE,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

YERMIXATIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERMINATION,  CUTANEOUS,  Malis. 
YERMIXEUX,  Verminous. 

YERM'IXOUS,  Vermino'su8,  (F.)  Verminevx. 
From  vermis,  'a  worm.'  That  which  is  caused 
by  worms  ;   as  '  a  verminous  affection.' 

VERMIS,  see  Vermiform  processes — v.  Bomby- 
cinus,  Cornu  ammonis  —  v.  Cerebelli,  Vermiform 
process — v.  Cerebri,  Fever,  Hungary — v.  Cucur- 
bitinus,  Taenia  solium — v.  Digiti,  Paronychia. 

YERMITIO,  Helminthiasis. 

YERXIX  CASEO'SA,  'cheesy  varnish.'  The 
fatty  varnish,  or  deposit,  often  found  on  the  foetus, 
which  is  secreted  by  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Vernix  Sicca,  Sandarac. 

VERXO'XIA  AXTHELMIX'TICA,  Ascari'- 
cida  anthelmin'tica,  Calagirah,  Calageri.  A 
plant  which  is  indigenous  in  India.  Ord.  Compo- 
sitaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  super- 
flua.  It  has  great  celebrity  in  the  East  Indies, 
and  is  a  bitter  tonic;  but  the  seeds  are  chiefly 
I  used  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  lumbrici  in  children. 

Verno'xia  Noveboracex'sis,  Iron  toeed.  Flat 
top;  an  indigenous  plant ;  whose  purple  flowers 
appear  in  August  and  September,  is  reported  to 
possess  cathartic  properties. 

VEROLE,  Syphilis  —  v.  Petite,  Variola  —  v. 
Petite  volante,  Varicella. 

VEROLE.  Syphilitic. 

VE  ROLETTE,  Varicella. 

VEROLIQUE,  Syphilitic. 

VEROXI'CA.  V.  ojjtcina'lia  seu  Tournefor'tii 
seu  mas,  Tfiea  Germnu'ica,  Betan'icn  Pauli,  Cha- 
mcp.'drys,  Male  Veroniot,  Flnellin,  Officinal 
Speedwell,  Eyebright,  Paul's  Bet  any,  (F. )  Veroni- 
aue,  The  d' Europe,  He/be  aux  ladies.    Ord.  Siro- 


YEROXIQUE 


00  3 


VERTEBRAL 


phulariaeess.      Sex.  SyeL  Diandria   Monogynia. 
This  plant  a  >  pectoral. 

Ykronha  Ayi   v 

m.  \  l'.i,  ,  \r,i  \'..\,  Beceabunga,  AnagaP- 
veroni'ea  aquat'iea,   Later  (jerman'icum, 
Cepm'a,    Water   Pim'pemel,   Brooklime, 
lime     Speedwell,     Water    Speedtvei  . 

3c.  Water-purpie,  (  P.)  Vironi- 
qite  cresHunee.  This  plant  was  formerly  used  in 
■  variety  of  diseases,  It  is,  however,  almost  in- 
sipid  and  inodoroosj  and  Las  been  long  banished 
from  practice. 

YkhuMi  a  -Mas,  Veronica  —  v.  Officinalis,  Ve- 
r  mica. 

Vbroitica    Pkim:<;iu'na.  Nectioeed,    Purelain, 
ell;  Indigenous j  flowering  from  April  to 
June,  is  given    internally  in    serofnlosis,  and  is 
applied  as  b  wash  to  ocrofuloui  tumours. 

i'i  i:i-i  i : i :  v .  Betonica  officinalis — v. 
Tonrnefortii,  Veronica  —  v.  Virginica,  Leptandra 
Virginica. 

VjSRONIQUE,  Veronica — p.  Cressoites,  Vero- 

ccabunga. 
17.7.'/'. 1,  Penis. 

VERRB,  Vitruiu  —  i*.  d'Antimoive,  Antiinonii 
vitruni. 

VBRRU'CA,  ditninutivo  Verrufeula,  Eephy'ma 
verruca,  Phymato'ti*  werruco'ea,  a  Wurt,  (Prov.) 
!'.      Verne,  Poireau,     A  small,  hard,  ma- 
millary tumour,  which  forms  at  the  surface  of  the 
skin,  and  particularly  on   that  of  the   hands  and 
face.      Warts  are  generally  rogoua  at  the  surface, 
and  broad  at  the  bass  :  their  roots  being  implanted 
in    the    derma    by    whitish    filaments,    which   are 
semifibroUft,  and  very  numerous. 
Warts  may  be  destroyed  by  caustic,  or  removed 
by  excision.  Their  vitality  is,  generally,  not  great. 
Vi irsi  «  a  Cabs  »sa,  Condyloma  —  v.  Formica- 
ria.  Formica  —  v.  Minor.  Thymion — v.  Palpebra- 
rum, tee  Hydatid  —  v.PensUis,  Acrochordon — v. 
Rhagoldea,  Thymion. 

VBRRUCARIA,  Calendula  officinalis,  Helio- 
tropium  BuropsBum. 
VERRUCOSB,  Warty. 
VERRU<  "I  8,  Warty. 
VBKRUCULA,  Verruca. 
VERRUE,  Verruca. 
VERS,  Worms. 

VERSE-CHARMS,  see  Charm. 
VERSIO,  Turning  — v.   Fanus,  Turning— v. 
Evolution,    spontaneous —  v.    I'teri, 
Hysteroloxia. 

VERSION,  Turning. 
VERT-DE-GRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERTEBRA    DENT  ATA,    Axis— v.   Porsi 
Prima,   Lophia —  v.   Lumborutn   Prima,   Asphal- 
-  \.  In  igna,  Sacrum. 
VER'TEBRJS,    Spon'dyli,   Spondles,    117. tle- 
libree  ;    from    vertere,    'to    turn.' 
This    name    has   been   given    to   the   bones,  which 
by    their    union     form     the    vertebral    or    spinal 
column.      The    vertebra;    are    short,    thick,    very 
angular  bonei  :  twenty-four  in  number,  ami  situ- 
above  another.     The  body  —  centrum,  of 
i  m\  en  —of  the  vertebra  is  the  middle  and  anterior 

kbove  and  below  it  is  articulated,  by 
means  of  a  fibro-cartilage,  with  the  contiguous 
The   Proceeeee,   (F.j    Masse*  apophy- 
.  of  each  vertebra  are  : — 1.  The  spinous  )>n,- 
lituate   behind,    and    in    the    median    line, 
two  tranneree  proceeeee,  standing  off  from 
ride.     3.  The /our  articular,  or  obliqm  pro- 
- zygapophyeee,   of  Owen  —  two  superior, 
and  two  inferior — wbieli  serve  to  unite  the  verte- 
bras with  each  other.     These  transverse  and  arti- 
eulntin     i  rooessef  are  made  oontinuoui  with  the 
and  |io<terior  part-  of  the  body  of  the  ver- 
tebra  by   narrow   bony   portions   or  pedicles,   on 


each  of  which  are  notches.  These,  by  their 
union  with  similar  notches  in  the  contiguous  \>t- 
tebra,  form  the  lateral  foramina,  (F.)  Trous  tie 
conjugaieon,  through  which  the  spinal  i 
leave  the  vertebral  canal.  The  different  pro- 
ire  united  with  each  other.  BO  M  l"  form 
a  kind  of  ring  of  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  vertebra;  and  the  foramen,  within  this. — 
that  is,  between  the  body  and  i  a' men 

vertebra' li,  rackid'ium,  —  concurs  in  forming  the 
vertebral  canal.  The  <</<•//  or  lamina  of  a  verte- 
bra, neurapoph'yeie,  is  the  part  from  which  the 
several  processes  project.  The  vertebra  have 
particular  characters,  according  to  the  regions 
they  occupy.  They  are  divided  int..  - 
(•<(/,  twelve  doreal,  and  five  lumbar.  The  first 
cervical  is  called atla* ;  the  second,  axi*  or  verte- 
bra dentata;  and  the  seventh,  vertebra  proemi- 
neu8.  The  vertebra;  are  articulated  with  each 
other.  Those  of  the  back  are  joined,  moreover, 
to  the  ribs  by  their  articulating  BUrfaCCI — para- 
pophyeee.  The  first  or  atlas  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  hone :  and  the  last  lumbar  vertebra 
With  the  sacrum.  The  cervical  vertebra'  are  de- 
veloped by  nine  points  of  ossification  ;  the  dorsal 
and  lumbar  by  eight. 

VER'TEBRAL,  Perfeora'fte.     That  which  re- 
h-les  or  belongs  to  the  vertebra;. 

Vektebral  Artery,  Poeterior  cerebral  artery, 
(Ch.),  is  the  largest  of  the  branches  of  the  stih- 
clavian.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  that 
vessel  ;  is  lodged  in  a  canal,  (F.)  Petit  canal  ver- 
tibral,  formed  by  the  foramina  in  the  transverse 
processes;  enters  the  cranium,  and  proci 
anastomose  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 

I  and  to  form  the  Baeilary  artery.  Besides  tho 
branches  sent  to  the  neck,  the  vertebral  artery 
gives  off  the  (interior  and  posterior  spinal  arU  ri<  f, 
and  the  inferior  cerebellum,  in  the  cavity  of  the 
cranium. 

Vertebral  Column,  Rachie,  Rhackis,  Notoe, 
Acuee'tie,  Cari'na,  C.  hom'ini*,  Spina,  S.  dorai 
seu  vertcbra'lis,  Colum'na  spina'lis  seu  verte- 
bra'lit  seu  dorti,  Dorsum,  Tergum,  Compa'gee 
Vertebra' rum,  Acan'tha,  Saera  fie' tula,  Hi' era  Sy- 
rinx, Spine,  Hack  Lone,  (Sc.)  Backeprent,  (F.)  Co- 
lonne  vertebrate,  Epine  du  doe,  Eckine.  A  kind 
of  bony  column,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  cen- 
tral part  of  the  trunk  ;  extending  from  the  head 
to  the  sacrum:  flexible  in  every  direction,  yet 
'  very  solid  and  hollowed  by  a  canal  called  verte- 
bral, which  gives  it  lightness  without  diminishing 

II  its  strength,  and  runs  through  its  whole  length. 
The  vertebral  column  is  formed  by  the  superpo- 
sition of  the  vertebra;.  It  represents  a  pyramid, 
whose  base  is  below.  Anteriorly,  it  is  convex  in 
the  neck  ;  concave  in  the  back,  and  convex,  again, 
in  the  loins.  Behind,  the  curvatures  are  id"  course 
tin-  reverse  of  these.  There  is  also,  in  the  dorsal 
region,  a  lateral  curvature,  the  concavity  of  a  hich 
is  towards  the  left  side.  Considered  as  a  whole, 
the  vertebral  column  has  an  anterior  OT preepinal 
surface;   a   posU  trior  or  spinal  ;    two   lateral;  a 

and  an  apex  or  top.  In  the  nomenclature 
of  ChaUSSier,  the  anterior  surface,  in  the  neck,  is 
called  traehelian ;  in  the  back,  predoreal ;  and 
in  the  loins,  prelumbar,  The  dorsal  surface  has, 
at  its  middle,  the  spinous  processes;  and.  at  its 
sides,  the  vertebral  gutter*,  (F.)  Qouttilre*  veft'4- 
bralee,  formed  by  the  succession  of  the  vertebral 
plates,  (F.)  Lame*  vertebrates,  which,  by  their 
junction,  constitute  the  spinous  pri  I 
arc  filled  by  the aaero-spinalis  muscle.     The  ridei 

Or  lateral  surfaces  present  the  foramina  ic-ulling 
from  the  union  of  the  r,itil>>n/  notches,  (V.) 
Echancrures  verti\>mle*.  These  are  called  verte- 
bral  foramina,   (F.)    Trotts    (/•■   conjugaiann,  and 

give  passage   to   the  vertebral  nerve*.     The   base 


VERTEBRATED 


964 


VESICAL 


of  the  vertebral  column  is  oblique,  to  unite  with 
the  sacrum:  and  forma  with  it  an  angle,  called 
saero-vertebral  angle  or  'promontory.  The  apex 
or  top  of  the  vertebral  column  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  bone.  Sometimes,  the  term  verte- 
bral column  includes  the  whole  of  the  column 
from  the  occipital  bone  to  the  extremity  of  the 
coccyx.  The  Vertebral  or  Spinal  or  Rachid'ian 
Canal,  Solen,  Oana'lia  medulla  Spina' lis,  Specua 
pro  medul/'a  Spina'H  seu  vertebra'lis,  exists 
through  the  whole  of  the  vertebral  column,  whose 
curvatures  it  follows.  It  is  continuous,  above, 
with  the  cranium  ;  below,  with  the  sacral  canal, 
if  we  consider  the  vertebra?  to  terminate  at  the 
sacrum.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  me- 
ninges, forming  the  Theca  vertebra'lis,  and  lodges 
the  spinal  marrow. 

The  vertebral  column,  which  unites  lightness 
with  solidity,  serves  to  support  the  head  and 
chest.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  movements  of  the 
trunk,  the  weight  of  which  it  transmits  to  the 
pelvis.  It  lodges  and  protects  the  spinal  marrow, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves,  and  to 
numerous  vessels. 

Vertebral  Disease,  Rachial'gia  (of  some,) 
Carieao/the  Ver'tebroe,  Spondylarthroc'ace,  Spon- 
dyloc'ace,  Kypho'sis  inflammato' ria  seu  para- 
lytica. Gibbon' ita*  carlo' sa,  Ca'ries  vertebra' - 
rm/).  Spondylalgia,  Spondylopyo'sis,  Tuberculo'sis 
Vertebra' rum.  The  spinal  column  is  liable  to 
distortion,  (see  Hump.)  at  times,  without  the  ver- 
tebrae being  much,  if  at  all,  diseased.  At  other 
times,  a  more  formidable  affection  is  induced;  the 
vertebra?  becoming  carious,  and  the  interverte- 
bral cartilages  ulcerated;  followed  by  a  more  or 
less  complete  loss  of  power  over  the  lower  extre- 
mities. In  such  case,  on  examining  the  spine, 
one  or  more  of  the  spinous  processes  is  found  to 
project  beyond  the  rest.  The  disease  was  first 
well  described  by  Mr.  Percival  Pott ;  and,  hence, 
it  has  been  called,  by  the  French,  Maladie  de 
Pott,  Malum  seu  Gibbus  Pot'tii,  Pott's  disease  or 
curn-ture.  It  usually  occurs  in  scrofulous  sub- 
jects, and  the  treatment  consists  in  establishing 
a  counter-irritation  by  blisters,  issues,  or  the 
nioxa,  opposite  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
diseased  vertebrae.  The  sore  must  be  suffered  to 
remain  open  and  the  patient  kept  in  the  horizon- 
tal posture  until  the  use  of  the  limbs  is  recovered  ; 
employing  tonics,  the  free  admission  of  fresh  air, 
&c,  at  the  same  time. 

Vertebral  Lig'amexts,  (F.)  Ligaments  ver- 
tebraux,  Snrtouts  ligamenteux  de  la  colonne  ver- 
tebrate, are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. They  consist  of  long,  ligamentous  cover- 
ings ;  the  anterior  occupying  the  anterior  part 
of  the  vertebral  column;  and  the  posterior  seem- 
ing to  arise  from  the  occipito-axoid  ligament,  and 
seated  behind  the  bodies  of  the  vertebrae,  from 
the  axis  to  the  sacrum. 

Vertebral  Xerve,  Trisplanchnic. 

Vertebral  Xerves,  Spinal  Xerves,  (F.)  Serfs 
rachidiens,  spring  successively  from  the  spinal 
marrow  :  from  its  origin  to  its  termination.  These 
nerves — 30  pairs  in  all — arise  by  two  roots  ;  one 
anterior,  from  the  anterior  or  an'tero-lat'eral 
column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and  the  other  pos- 
terior, from  the  posterior  or  pos'tero-lat'eral  co- 
lumn, and  afterwards  issue  by  the  vertebral  and 
sacral  foramina.  Each  of  these  roots  seems  to 
have  a  distinct  function  ;  the  posterior  being  des- 
tined to  convey  sensation  to  parts;  the  anterior, 
motion.  On  the  posterior  root,  before  its  junction 
with  the  anterior,  there  is  a  ganglion.  Of  the  30 
pairs,  7  are  cervical  nerves,  12  dorsal,  5  lumbar, 
and  6  sacral.     See  Xerves. 

VER'TEBRATED,  Vertebra' tua^Y.)  Vertelri. 
Provided  with  vertebras. 


VBRTEBRES,  Vertebra. 

VERIER  RODYMLA.  see  Somatodymia. 

VERTEBRO-ILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Ileo-lum- 
bar  ligament. 

VERTEX,  Cor'yphe,  Acrori'a,  Spon'dylus. 
The  top  or  highest  part  or  crown  of  the  head. 
(Sc.)  Cantel,  Sou-,  PaUat,  Palad.     See  Sinciput. 

Vertex  Cordis,  Mucto  Cordis  —  v.  Cubiti, 
Olecranon  —  v.  Palpitans,  Fontanella. 

YERTIBULUM,  Trepan. 

VERTICULA,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUM,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUS,  Articulation. 

VERTIGE,  Vertigo. 

VERTIG"IXOUS,  Vertigino'sua,  (Old  Eng. 
and  Prov.)  Totty,  (F.)  Vertigineux.  Relating  or 
pertaining  to  vertigo;    Giddy,  Dizzy. 

VERTI'GO,  from  rertere,  'to  turn;'  Dinos, 
Ihn'gos,  Di?ius  seu  Hallucina'tio  seu  Autnl'gia 
vertigo,  Circumgyra'tio,  Gid'diness,  Diz'zlness, 
Swimming  of  the  head,  (Prov.)  Swee,  Sicinnyingt 
(F.)  Vertige,  Etourdissement.  A  state  in  which 
it  seems  that  all  objects  are  turning  round;  or 
that  the  individual  himself  is  performing  a  move- 
ment of  gyration.  Two  varieties  have  been  de- 
signated; —  simple  vertigo,  where  the  objects  are 
seen;  and  eeotodynia,  in  which  the  sight  is  ob- 
scured, and  the  individual  often  falls.  Vertigo 
is  dependent  upon  the  condition  of  the  brain  ; 
and  often  announces  an  attack  of  apoplexy  or 
epilepsy. 

Vertigo  Texebricosa,  Scotodynia. 

VERUGAS  (S.),  from  verruca.  A  peculiar 
disease  affecting  certain  localities  of  Peru,  which 
manifests  itself  by  sore-throat,  pains  in  the  bones, 
and  other  febrile  symptoms.  In  the  course  of  a 
few  days,  an  eruption  of  red  pimples  or  boils  ap- 
pears. These  sometimes  increase  in  magnitude 
till  they  become  nearly  as  large  as  an  egg,  and 
discharge  blood  copiously.  It  is  ascribed  to  the 
water  of  certain  springs  in  the  valleys,  and  espe- 
cially in  that  of  Surea :  called  Agua  de  Veruga. 
—  Tsehudi. 

VERU  MOXTAXUM,  Gallinaginis  caput, 

VERVAIX,  Verbena  officinalis— v.  Blue,  Ver- 
bena hastata. 

VER  VEIXE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

YESA'XIA,  Vesa'nia,  'madness.'  Derange- 
ment of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties,  with- 
out coma  or  fever.  Many  nosologists  have  used 
this  as  a  generic  term;  under  which  they  have 
included  the  different  species  of  mental  alienation, 
hypochondriasis,  somnambulism,  and  even  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Xosology. 

Vesaxia  Mama,  Mania. 

Vesaxle,  Insanity. 

VESICA  BILIARIA,  Gall-bladder— v.  Cordis, 
see  Pericardium — v.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder — v.  In- 
testinalis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Prostatica,  see 
Ejaculatory  ducts  —  v.  Saccata,  Cystostenocho- 
ria  —  v.  Urinaria,  Urinary  bladder. 

Vesicae  Irritabilitas,  Cysterethismus  —  v. 
Unguinosae  tendinum,  Bursae  mucosae. 

VESTCAL,  Vesica'lis,  from  vesica,  'the  blad- 
der.' That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  blad- 
der. 

Vesical  Arteries  vary  in  number  and  origin. 
The  umbilical  artery  always  sends  off  two  or 
three:  the  middle  hemorrhoidal,  internal  pudic, 
and  obturator  furnish  others,  which  ramify  and 
anastomose  in  the  parietes  of  the  bladder;  the 
hypogastric  furnishes  one  which  is  somewhat 
larger,  the  Vesico-prostatic  (Ch.),  and  proceeds 
to  the  baa-fond  of  the  bladder,  sending  numerous 
ramifications  to  it  as  well  as  to  the  surrounding 
parts. 

Vesical  Gaxglia,  see  Spermatic  Ganglion  — 


VESICARIUM 


005 


VESTIBULE 


-ments,  see  Urinary  bladder  —  v.   Oxyd, 
Oxyd,  cystic— v.  Triangle,  see  Urinary  bladder. 
Vesical  Veieb,  maeh  mure  numerous  than  the 
.  open  into  the  hypogastric  plexus. 
bio  \n  i.  Blister,  Bpispaatio. 
VESICARIUM,  Ovarium. 
VESICA'TION,     Vesica' t io  ;    from    swsioo,    'a 
Madder.'    The  action  of  a  vesicant.     The  foreaa- 
tion  of  blisl 

VES1CATOIRE,  Blister— v.  Magistral,  Ma- 
gistral. 

[CATORIUM,  Blister. 
[CLE,  Vesicula— v.  Allantoid,  Allantoia — 
itodermic,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Cowpox,  see 
Vaccination. 

A',-;  iii'I'-iint.  V.  of  Evolution.    A 

vesicle  «>r  oyst  concerned  in  bistogeny. 

Vesicle  or  Bvolutioh,  V.  of  Development  — 
v.  Germinsl,  Bee  Molecule  —  v.  Purkinji 
Molecule  —  v.  Umbilical,  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

VESICLES,  LSCHERSO'NIAN.  When  fluid 
fat  and  fluid  albumen  are  shaken  together,  the 
resulting  fat  globules  become  surrounded  by  an 
albuminous  layer.  The  vesicles,  thus  formed,  are 
called  after  Ascberson,  their  discoverer. 

Vesicles  of  di  Graap,  Folliculi  Graafian! — 
v.  Seminal,  Vesicula  Bemina 

YK>1C0CE'LE.     Badly  compounded  for  Cys- 
tooele. 
VBS'ICO-U'TERINE,    Vesi'co-uteri'nue,  from 
•the  bladder/ and  'uterus.1  Appertaining, 
or  relating  t<>.  the  bladder  and  uterus. 
Vesico-uterixb  Folds,  see  Uterus. 
V  BS'I  CO-V  A  G  "  I  X  A  L,  1'-  rfco-vagitKi'lig, 
Vag"ino-ve$'icaL     Relating  to   the  bladder  and 
'co-vaginal  fistula, 
VESICULA,     Cjttttinx,     Vehicle,    Blister,    (F.) 
;  diminutive  of  vesica,  'a  bladder.'     A 
small  bladder  <>r  cyst. 
Vesicula,  Tephly'eie,  Cijstinx,  in  pa- 

tbology,  means  a  small  orbicular  elevation  of  the 
cuticle  containing  lymph,  which  is  sometimes 
clear  and  colourless,  but  often  opake  and  whitish 
or  pearl-coloured.  It  is  succeeded,  either  by  a 
scurf,  or  by  a  laminated  scab. 

Vksk  ri. a  JiiiiGMATOSA,  Vesicula  umbilicalis 
—  v.  Alba,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v.  Bibs,  Gall- 
bladder—  v.  Blastodermatiea,  see  Molecule  —  v. 
Blastodermiea,  see  Molecule — v.  Chyli,  Kecepta- 
culum  chyli  —  v.  Brythroidea,  Erythroid  vesicle 
— v.  Fellis,  Gall-bladder — v.  Gangnenescens,  see 
Anthrax — v.  Germinativa,  see  Molecule — v.  Om- 
pbalo-mesenterica,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Ova.- 
lis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v.  Prolifera,  see  Mole- 
cule—  v.  Prostatioa,  see  Ejaoulatory  ducts. 

VbSIC'ULA  UmBIUCA'LIS,  1".  alba  sou  om'phalo- 

viesenter'ica  seu  anigmato'ta  seu  ova' lis,  Vesi'ca 
inteetinalie,  Vitellic'uUu,  Umhil'ical  or  Intestinal 
,  Vitelline  Pouch,  Vitell'icle.  A  small, 
pyriform,  round,  or  spheroidal  sac,  which,  about 
the  fifteenth  »r  twentieth  day  after  fecundation, 
is  of  the  size  of  a  common  pea,  and  probably  ac- 
quires its  greatest  dimensions  in  the  course  of  the 
third  or  fourth  week.  After  the  seventh  week,  it 
becomes  shrivelled  and  disappears  insensibly.  It 
seems  to  be  situate  between  the  chorion  and  am- 
nion, and  is  commonly  adherent  either  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  amnion,  or  to  the  inner  sur- 
•  the  chorion,  but  at  times  is  loose  between 
them.  The  vitelline  pod'ioU,  which  attaches  the 
vesicle  to  the  embryo,  is  continuous  with  the  intes- 
tinal canal:  and,  up  to  twenty  or  thirty  days  of 
embryonic  life,  is  hollow, —  Ductus  om'pkalo-me- 
ieut  seu  vitello-inteaHna'li*.  seu  titeUa'riue, 
vitelline  Duet.  Its  arteries  are  the  omphalome- 
senteric.    The    vitelline    fluid,  contained    in    the 


folk  of  birds;  and,  like  it,  is  an  oleaginous  sub- 
stanee,  and  presumed  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  embryo. 

VESICULA  constitute  the  6th  order  of  Bate- 
man's  classification  of  Cutaneous  Dh 

Vesii  Villous   membranes  —  v.   Bivao 

Barbaric,  Variola  confluens  —  v.  Gingivaram, 
Aphthse — v.  Pulmonales,  see  Cellule— v.  Rotunda 
cervicis  uteri.  Kabothi  glandulse  —  v.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  v.  Beminales  mulierum, 
Nabothi  glandulsa  —  v.  Bpermaticm,  Vesicula 
eemina 

V  bsiculj!  Semina'j  es,  V.  St  tnina'i  \a  ecu  sper- 
mat'ica,  Gap' tula  eemina' lee,  Conceptae'ut  ■ 
naria,  Ootn  < tye'tidee,  Stm'inal  res'iclee,  |  1 

iiminalee,  Oardouchee,  Oreniert,  are  two 
small  membranous  sacs,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  the  sperm,  and  probably  secrete  a  fluid  to  be 
mixed  with  the  sperm.  They  are  situate  beneath 
the  bladder,  and  above  the  rectum,  behind  the 
prostate  and  to  the  outer  side  of  the  vasa  defe- 
rentia.  They  are  of  an  irregular  conoidal  shape; 
flattened  from  above  to  below  ;  embossed  <>n  their 
surface,  and  of  a  grayish  tint.  Their  j 
extremity  or  fundus  terminates  by  a  round  cul-de- 
sac.  Their  anterior  extremity  or  neck  is  narrow 
and  elongated,  and  is  continuous  with  the  excre- 
tory duct  of  the  vesicula.  This  duct  joins  the 
VSS  deferens,  and  forms  with  it  the  ejaculatory 
duct.  The  interior  of  the  vesiculse  exhibits  seve- 
ral cells,  which  communicate  with  each  other,  and 
are  lined  by  a  very  thin,  mucous  membrane. 

VESICULAR,  Vesicula'ris,  (F.)  Vieiculaire. 
Of  or  belonging  to  a  vesicle: — full  of  or  contain- 
ing small  vesicles  or  cells.  The  cortical  or  gray 
matter  of  the  brain  is  sometimes  termed  vesicular. 
See  Cortex  cerebri  and  Xeurine. 

VESICULE,  Vesicula— r.  Biliaire,  Gall-blad- 
der—  r.  <lu  l'iel,  Call-bladder — v.  Oerminative, 
see  Molecule  —  v.  Ovulifire,  see  Folliculi  Graa- 
fian i. 

VMSICULES  BE  GRAAF,  Folliculi  Graafian! 
— r.  ile  Saints  Barbe,  Variola  confluens — v.  Semi- 
nales,  VesicuUe  seminales. 

VESIO'ULO-TYMPANIT'IC,  Veeie'ttlo-tym- 
panit'icu*.  An  epithet  for  a  sound  or  resonance 
heard  on  percussion,  which  consists  of  the  vesi- 
cular and  tympanitic  sounds  combined.  It  occurs 
when  the  parenchyma  of  the  lungs  is  incompletely 
solidified.  —  Flint. 

VESPA,  Wasp. 

VESSEL,  Pba,  Vasum,  diminutive  Vasculum, 
Angei'on,  Angoe,  Coneeptac'ulum,  from  (L.)  vat, 
oasctUum,  (P.)  Vaieeemu,  A  canal,  more  or  less 
elastic,  formed  by  the  superposition  of  mem- 
branes, and  distinguished,  according  to  its  uses 
and  general  arrangement,  into  Artery,  Vein,  and 
Lymphatic.      See.  also,  Vascular. 

VESSEL  <> I '/'.  Lycoperdon. 
VESSIE,  Urinary  bladder — v.  d  Colonnee,  see 
Urinary  bladder — v.  Col  <i>  la,  Collum  vesioss. 
VESSIE  NATATOIRE,  Air-bladder. 

VESTIBULAR  NERVE,  see  Auditory  nerve. 

VBS'TIBULB,  Veetib'ulum,  from  vestio,  'to 
cover.'     The  porch  or  entrance  to  a  house. 

Vestibule.  Veetib'ulum,  V.  Vngi'na,  Prona'ue, 
Atrium  Vagi'na,  Amb'itus  genita'lis  mulie'bris, 
is  a  smooth  cavity  between  the  perina'uui  and 
nymphaa  in  the  female,  which  leads  t • »  two  pas- 
sages—  to  the  urethra  above,  and  to  the  vagina 
below. 

Vi-.s'tibule  op  thk  Bab,  Veetib'ulum,  V. 
rin'thi,  (P.)   Vestibule.     A  cavity  of  an   In 
lhape,  which   forms   part   of  the   labyrinth   or  in- 
ternal ear.     The-  vestibule  is  situate  on  the  inner 
side  of  the  tympanum  :  on  the  outer  side  of  the 


—in  the  Vitelline  or  Yolk  membram — has     meatus  auditorius  internusj  b<  fore  the  semioircu- 

been  compared,  from  analogy,  to  the  vittllus  or  „  lar  canals,  and  behind  the  cochlea.     It  is  lined 


VESTIBULUM   LABYRINTHI     90G 


VIC-LE-COMPTE 


by  s  particular  membrane,  and  contains  tbe  liquor 
of  Cotunnius  and  branches  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
There  is  also  another  membrane,  constituting  the 
irtem'brauoua  vestibule,  but  it  is  not  an  exact  imi- 
tati  .1  of  the  osseous  cavity.  It  is  composed  of 
two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other  — 
the  enc' cuius  vestib'uli,  and  the  sacculus.  There 
are  three  contiguous  cavities  in  the  vestibule;  one 
of  which,  the  semi-oval,  is  situate  above;  another, 
the  hemispherical,  below;  and  the  third,  or  mid- 
form,  which  is  the  orifice  of  the  aqueeductus  ves- 
tibuli,  behind. 

VESTIBULUM  LABYRINTHI,  Vestibule  of 
the  ear  —  v.  Vagina?,  Vestibule. 

VESTIGE  (F.)  Vestig"ium,  'a  vestige,'  'a 
trace.'  A  kind  of  fracture  of  flat  bones,  consist- 
ing of  a  simple  incision  having  the  mark  of  the 
instrument  that  caused  it.  The  term  is  also  ap- 
plied to  a  part  of  the  body,  which  may  have  no 
evident  use  in  man,  and  yet  may  be  greatly  em- 
ployed in  animals.  For  example,  the  muscles  of 
the  external  ear  in  man  are  almost  devoid  of  use, 
or  are  vestiges  of  what  they  are  in  certain  animals. 

VESTIGIUM,  Sole,  Vestige  —  v.  Foraminis 
oralis,  Ovalis  fossa  —  v.  Pedis,  Metatarsus. 

VESTI'TUS,  Esthe'ma,  Esthe'sis,  Res  vestia'- 
ria,  Clothing,  Dress,  Vesture,  (F.)  Vetement,  from 
rest  ire,  vest  it  um,  '  to  clothe.'  Any  substance  used 
for  the  purpose  of  covering  nakedness,  or  pre- 
serving from  atmospheric  temperature  by  being 
worn  on  the  body.  The  best  clothing  in  winter 
is  composed  of  articles  that  are  bad  conductors 
of  caloric,  and  do  not  admit  of  ready  evaporation 
of  the  matter  of  perspiration.  In  this  respect, 
w7oollen  vestments  deserve  the  first  place,  and 
cotton  the  second.  Colour  has  likewise  to  be  re- 
garded—  the  darkest  hues  transmitting  the  heat 
most  readily  through  them.  It  has  been  found  that 
the  same  rule  applies  to  odours  —  the  darker  co- 
lours retaining  a  greater  amount  of  odorous  par- 
ticles than  the  lighter.  Hence  the  necessity  of 
white  walls,  white  bed-clothes,  <fcc,  in  the  wards 
of  hospitals;  for  it  is  probable  that  the  like  law 
applies  to  contagious  miasms. 

VESTURE,  Vestitus. 

VETA,  Puna. 

VETEMENT,  Vestitus. 

VETERANA,  Rubeola. 

YETERINARIUS,  see  Hippiater  and  Veteri- 
nary. 

VET'ERLNARY,  Veterina'rins,  (F.)  Veteri- 
iiaire,  from  veterinus,  '  that  which  bears  burdens  ;' 
itself,  perhaps,  from  vekiterinus,  from  vehere,  'to 
carry.'  That  which  appertains  to  beasts  of  bur- 
den :  hence,  veterinary  surgeon,  (see  Farrier,) 
veterinary  college,  and  veterinary  medicine. 

Veterinary  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

Veterinary  Art,  Ars  seu  Medici' na  veterina'- 
ria,  Zo'di'asis,  Zoiatri'a,  Theriat'rica,  Mulomedi- 
ci'tia,  Zootherapi'a,  Zootherapeu'tice,  Ars  zoiat'- 
rica,  Far'riery.  The  art  of  treating  the  diseases, 
Ac,  of  cattle. 

VETERNOSITAS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETERNUS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETIVERIA  ODORATA.  Andropogon  mu- 
ricatus. 

VETTONICA,  Betonica  officinalis. 

VETULA,  Sacrum. 

VEXILLA  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

VEXILLUM,  Drapeau. 

VIA,  "Way  —  v.  Curandi,  Ratio  medendi  —  v. 
Stomachi  et  ventris,  (Esophagus. 

VIABILITY,  see  Viable. 

VI'ABLE,  Viab'ilis,  from  via,  '  way  ;'  or  from 
(F.)  vie,  'life,'  (Orfila.)  A  word,  which  may  be 
introduced  with  great  advantage  from  the  French 
into  our  language.  It  is  an  epithet  applied  to  a 
foetus  whose  organs  are  properly  formed,  and  so 


developed  as  to  permit  its  continued  existence. 
Every  foetus  is  not  viable.  Anencephali  have 
lived  ten  or  twelve  days,  yet  they  are  not  viable. 
The  older  the  foetus,  the  more  viable  is  it.  It  is 
an  idle  prejudice  that  a  child,  born  at  the  end  of 
eight  months,  is  less  likely  to  live  than  one  born 
at  the  end  of  seven.  The  signs  of  viability  are 
drawn  from  the  weight,  length,  external  confor- 
mation, &c,  of  the  foetus.  It  may  be  laid  down 
as  a  general  rule,  that  no  foetus  born  before  the 
end  of  the  seventh  month  is  viable. 

VI^l  CHYLIFERiE,  Chyliferous  vessels. 

VljE  Clandes'tin,*:,  Clandestine  Passages. 
Supposititious  secret  ways  or  passages  or  'royal 
roads,'  to  account  for  the  rapid  transmission  of 
substances  taken  into  the  stomach  to  the  kidneys 
or  bladder. 

Vve  Extraordinary  Lactis,  Galactoplania 
— v.  Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages — v.  Prinut, 
Ways,  digestive  —  v.  Secundap,  Ways,  second. 

VIAL.  Phiala. 

VIANDES  FAISAXDEES.  see  Hvposaprus. 

VIBI'CES.  Mol'opes,  Stria,  (F.)  Vergetureu, 
'Stripes.'  Large  purple  spots,  like  the  marks 
produced  by  the  strokes  of  a  whip,  which  appear 
under  the  skin  in  certain  malignant  fevers.  They 
are  unfavourable  indications,  as  they  denote  great 
prostration. 

VIBRAMEX,  Oscillation. 

VIBRAXS,  Vibratory. 

VIBRATILE,  Vibratory. 

VIBRATIL'ITY,  Vibratil'itas,  (F.)  Vihra- 
tilite,  from  vibrare,  vibration,  '  to  quiver.'  Capa- 
bility of  being  thrown  into  vibration. 

VIBRATIO,  Oscillation— v.  Cardiacs,  Palpita- 
tion—  v.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

VIBRATION,  PECTORAL,  see  Fremitus— v. 
Tactile,  see  Fremitus  —  v.  Tussive,  see  Tussive. 

VIBRATIONS  OF  SOUXD,  see  Sound. 

VIBRATOR,  Deferens  vas. 

VI'BRATORY,  Vibrans,  Vi'brative,  (F.)  17- 
bratile,  Vibratoire.  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
pain  that  accompanies  some  neuralgia?,  which 
seems  to  the  patient  to  vibrate  among  the  nerves. 

Vibratory  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

VIBRATUS,  Oscillation. 

VIB'RIO  :  from  vibrare,  'to  quiver.'  A  genus 
of  infusory  animalcules,  of  which  different  species 
are  met  with,  —  for  example,  Vib'rio  pro'li/er  in 
almost  all  putrescent  fluids  containing  protein, 
and  in  the  pus  of  chancres ;  in  which  last  the  V. 
lineola  has  likewise  been  found. 

VIBRIS'S^l.  Same  etymon.  The  hairs  which 
grow  at  the  entrance  of  the  nostrils  and  of  other 
outlets.     In  the  feline  tribe,  the  whiskers. 

VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,  Ilex  Para- 
guensis. 

Vibur'num  Denta'tum,  Arroio  Wood,  Jfealy 
Tree,  7'ily  of  the  Indians.  Ord.  Caprifoliacea?. 
A  high  indigenous  shrub,  of  the  same  family  as 
V.  lentago;  the  bark  of  which  has  been  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diuretic. 

Viburnum  Edii'le  flourishes  in  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory.  The  fruit  has  an  orange  colour, 
and  is  less  acid,  more  fleshy,  and  more  agreeable 
to  the  taste  than  the  cranberry. 

Viburnum  L^evigatum,  Ilex  Paragucnsis. 

VIBURNUM  Lenta'go,  Sweet  Viburnum,  Xanny- 
berry.  A  handsome  indigenous  tree,  of  the  ho- 
neysuckle family — Caprifoliaceae — which  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  It  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic. 

Vibur'num  Prunifo'lium,  Black  Haw,  Sloe- 
leaved  Viburnum,  Sloe.  Indigenous :  flowering 
in  May.     The  leaves  have  been  used  as  tea. 

Viburnum,  Slow-leaved,  V.  prunifolium — v. 
Sweet,  V.  lentasro. 

VIC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     Viu-le-Compte  is  a  small  village  in  the  de- 


VICARIOUS 


9  6  7 


V I N  U  M 


partment  of  Puy  de    Lome,    three  league!  from 
:  where  there  is  en  ecidelona  chalybeate, 
which  i.-  aperient 

VICA'RIOUS,  Pteo'rtee,  from  mete,  'el 
place.'      Taking   the  place  of  another: — as  '  vica- 

-  Beeretion,'  Secre'tia  wiea'ria;  a  secretion 
which  takes  place  in  one  part  instead  of  another. 

-  BRAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 

-  -.  ring  M  situate  in  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
ebont  two  miles  from  Dollor,  and  near  to  LMarn- 
gone.     The  water  is  one  of  the  strongest  chaly- 

-  known. 
VICE,  Ca< 

VICE  DE  i  ONFORHATION.  Faulty  for- 
mation of  :i  pari  of  the  lio.lv 


and  is  more  effectually  sheltered  from  the  north 
and  north-west  w  ;■  c,  with  the  climate 

of  which  that  of  Villa  Franca  closely  eorres]  onds. 

VI  LLI,  see  Villous  m<  mbr. 

VILLOUS,  ViUo'eut,  (F.)  VilUvx,  from  will**, 
•a  hair.' 

Villous  Mbmbbahbs  or  Coats,  Velameu'ta 
Bombye"ina,(F.)  Membrane*  villeu*e*f  ifembranr* 
telouti*,  are  such  as  are  covered  with  soft  ]  lapillss 
or  Villi,  Flocci,  Floc'culi,  Veeic'ulet,  Gyliu'dri, 
Tubi  Membrana'eri,  constituted  of  blood 

.    and    abeorbenta;    Or   such    as    arc  covered 

with  fine  down.  -  iae  them  t<»  I 

and   velvety.      The   term   is,   however,  chiefly  re- 


stricted to  the  former.    Chaussh  i  name 

VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS  <>F.  Carlo-  ,;,„,/.  riliotu  membrane*  to  the  serous  mem- 
•  Italine  ohatybeates,  the  sources  of  which  branee;  and  that  of  complicated  or  follicular  vil- 
Vichy,  six  I     i  in  Moulins,  in  the     lou*  membrane*  to  the  mucous  membranes. 


department  of  Allier.     The  springs  are  seven  in 

number.      Almost  all  are   thermal  ;   give  off  bub- 

oarbonic  acid  gas.  and  have  a  slightly  sul- 

phureoua   odour.     They  deposits   carbonates   of 

lime  and    magnesia,   and   a  little  oxide  of  iron  : 
and  afford,  on  analysis,  carbonates  of  lin 

•  r,  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
nd  chloride  of  sodium.  They  are  em- 
I  as  ton  ice,  particularly  in  chronic  affections 


V1N,  Wine  —  9.  d<    Bordeaux,  Clarel  —  v.  de 
Poulet,  see  Poulet — r.  de  Quinquina 
num  de  kin  a  kin  a  com  posit  urn  —  v.  Rouge  a' ' 
Vinum  Portugallicum  —  v.  Sec,  Sack. 

VINAIQRE,  Aeetum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — 
v.  Scillitiqne,  Aeetum  BcillsB —  v.deSoit,  Pyro- 
ligneous  acid. 
'  VINAIORES  MEDICINAUX,  Acetiea. 

VINCA   MINOR,  V.  pervin'ca,  from  vim     .  '] 


of  the  abdominal  viscera,  in  old  catarrhs,  diseases      bind,'  because  of  its  usefulness  in  making  hand 

'ati*  daphnoi'de*   major,   Le***r  periwinhl 


of  the  join!-. 

Vichy  Watf.k,  Factit"ioi  s.  Aqua  Yicien'sis, 

■  u  de  Vichy,  is  made  of  simple  acidulous 

mpregnated  with  twice  its  bulk  of  earbo- 

."-.--:   tubearbonat*  of  *oda,  gr.  xxxij  ; 

_i.  xvj  ;    chloride   of  sodium,  gr. 

iv  :  tubearbonat*  of  magneeia,  gr.  ss  j  chloride  of 

gr.  j.     Mix.'   Ph.  P.) 

\  ;<  1  \  ERVILIA,  Brvum. 

[A    Faba,   Faba,  F.   major  sen    vulgarie, 

(h'nhiiH       f'aba,       Common       Garden       Bean,       (F.) 

Five  ou  Five  de*   maraie.     Ord.  Leguminoase. 
-  .-t.  Diadelphia  Decandria.     A   native  of 

.  of  which  there  are  many  varieties.    Beans 
if  digestion.     They  are  proverbially 
flatulent,    especially    when    old.      When     young, 
re   more   digestible   and  wholesome.      Bean 
meal  was  one  of  the  four  resolvent  meals  of  the 
•its. 
VICINITRACTUS,  Ervsipelas. 
VICINITRAHA,  Erysipelas. 
VICT0RIALI8  FEMINEA,  Gladiolus  vulga- 
ril —  v.   Longa,  Allium  victoriale  —  v.  Rotunda, 
Gladiolus  vu  . 

VICTU6  RATIO,  Diet. 
VIDANGES,  Lochia. 
VIDIA  X  CA  X  A L,  Pterygoid  canal— v.  XTerve, 

:  id  nerve. 
VIE,  Life  —  v.  DurSe  de  la,  sec  Longevity  —  v. 
Jfoyenne,  see  Longevity. 

vir.ii.i.i  tus. 

VIBLLOTTB,  Culcbicuin  autumnale. 

VIEROE,  Virgin. 

VIF  AROENT,  Ilvdrargyrum. 

X"  I < ;  1 1.  \M'K,  Insomnia. 

VIGIL  INTIA,  Bgreg 

VIGILATIO,  Egregorsis. 

VI0IL1  \.  Egregorsis. 

VIGILLfi,  Egregorsis — v.  Ximiae,  Coma  vigil. 

VIGILIUM,  L. 

VIQNE,  Vitis  rinifera  —  v.  Blanche,  Bryonia 
alba  —  '■.  de  Judie,  Solanum  dulcamara — p.  da 
Nord,  Hamulus  lupulus — '■.  Vierge,  Bryonia  alba. 

VIGNETTE,  Spines  ulmaria. 

Vies  oil  I.  P.  Mercuri 

VIGOR,  Ac 

VILLA    FRANCA,    (CLIMATE   OF.)     This 

little  town  is  situate  immediately  to  the  eastward 
Of  MontalbaOO,  which  separates  the  hay  of  Villa 
Francs  from  that  of  Nice.      It  is  on  the  southern 


aaji/inm  ae*  major.  /..->.<r  perttrtl 
(F.)  J'errenche,  Violette  de*  Sorrier*.  It  has 
bitter  and  astringent  properties,  and  has  been 
used  in  gargles  and  diseases  of  the  chest 

VINCETOXICUM,  Asclepiaa  vincetoxicum. 

VINCTURA,  Fascia. 

VINCULA,  Fascia. 

VINCULUM,  Bandage,  Lien  — v.  Caninum, 
FraMiutn  penis — v.  Lingua),  Frivnum  linguss — v. 
Prseputii,  Fra-nuiu  penis — v.  Umbilicale,  Funicu- 
lus umbilicalis. 

VINE,  Vitis  vinifera — v.  Grape,  Vitis  vinifera. 

Vink  Poison.  Rhus  radicans. 

Vim:,  Weld,  Pareira. 

VINEGAR,  AROMATIC  SPIRIT  OF,  see 
Aceticum  acidum. 

Vinkgau  or  CANTnAHinrs,  Aeetum  cantharidis. 

Yinkgar,  Common,  Aeetum  —  v.  Distilled,  see 
Aceticum  acidum  —  v.  Fstragon,  Artemisia  dra- 
cunculus  —  v.  Marseilles,  Aeetum  aromaticum. 

Vinegar  of  Mbadow  Safvbom,  Aeetum  col- 
chiei  —  v.  of  Opium,  GuttSB  nig 

Vibbsab,  Radical,  Aceticum  acidum. 

Vhtbsab  of  Squills,  Aeetum  scillsB — v.  of  the 
Four  Thieves,  Aeetum  aromaticum. 

Vinf.gak.  Thibvbs',  Aeetum  aromaticum  —  v. 
Whey,  see  Aeetum. 

Vibboab  of  Wood,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 

VINETTE,  Rumei  ac 

VINETTIER,  Ozyacantha  Galeni. 
VINBUX,  Vinous. 

VINOLENTA,  see  Temulentia. 

VINOLBNTIA,  Temulentia. 

VIN0SU8,  Vinous. 

VINOUS,  Vino'eut,  (En o' dee,  CEnoVdee,  (F.) 
FYneux,   from    vinum,   'wine.'      Relating   to  wine. 


Having   the   character  of,   or  resembling,   wine. 
Made  of  wine. 

VINUM,  Wine,  Sherry  wine  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842). 
See  Wine.  A  medicinal  wine,  {Y.)  Vin  medicinal, 
Onoli,  Onnlature. 

Yimm  Ai'.sintiii'tks.  Wine  of  Wormtcooi 
absinth,  e.rsic,  absiutli.   Pontic,  afi    t^v.j,   riui  all  I 
Oiv.      Macerate  for  24  hours,  ami  strain.   /'/'*.  /'. ) 
Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge,  vermil 

Yimm  Adistim,  Rrandy  —  V.  Album,  Sherry 
wine  (Ph.  1'.  s.  l-.". li.  see  Wine — v.  Album  Bi*. 
panieum,  see  Wine  —  v.  Album  Montanum,  seo 
Wine. 

VlBOH  Al'oMs,  V.  aloe*  Soeotori'i 
declivity  of  a  steep  and  lofty  range  of  mountains  ;   ,  icum  seu  aro'mu-aloiticum,  Tinctu'ra  hi'tra,  Tiuct~ 


V I N  D  M 


968 


VINUM 


u'ra  sacra,  Wine  of  Aloes.  (Aloes  in  pulv.  ^j, 
eardam.  cunt.,  Zingib.  cunt.,  aa  3J  ,:  l""a  ('^-  Qj* 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  PA.  C.  &) 
Purgative  and  stomachic,  according  to  the  dose. 
Dose,  t'5j  to  1 3  i j . 

Visum  Amabum,  V.  Gentianae  comp. — v.  Ama- 
rum  sciiliticuni,  &c,  V.  diureticum  aniarum  —  v. 
Amarum  cum  spiritu  vini,  V.  gentians  composi- 
tuui  —  v.  Antimoniale,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati  — 
v.  Antimoniatum  Huxhami,  V.  antimonii  tartari- 
zati— v.  Antimonii  potassio-tartratis,  V.  antimonii 
tartarizati. 

VlSUM  Antimo'xit,  F  antimo'nii  tartariza'ti  seu 
tartra'tia  antimonii  seu  antimo'nii  potas'sio-tar- 
trotis  seu  benedic'tum  seu  antimoniu'tum  Huxha'- 
mi  seu  antimoniale  seu  emet'icum,  Liquor  tar'tari 
emet'ici,  Essen'tia  antimonii  seu  stib'ii,  Aqua 
benedic'ta  Rulan'di,  Solution  of  tar'tarized  anti- 
mony, Antiiuonial  wine.  (Ant.  et  Potass,  tart.  ^j> 
vini  albi  fjfx.  Dissolve  the  tartarized  antimony 
in  the  wine.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  fluidounce  con- 
tains two  grains  of  the  tartrate. 

The  ordinary  Antimonial  icine  is  made  with 
glass  of  antimony  £j,  sherry  Oiss. 

Ward's  Bed  Prop  consists  of  a  strong  vinous 
solution  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Visum  Antiscorbu'ticum,  Antiscorbu'tic  icine. 
(Pad.  armoracicB  recent.  £j.  fol.  cochlearicB  re- 
cent., nastnrtii  aquatic.,  trifol.  aquatic,  semin.  si- 
nap.,  aa  ^ss,  ammonia  muriat.  £\),  vin.  albi  Oij. 
Macerate  for  36  hours:  filter,  and  -add  tinctures 
cochlear,  "^n.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
Dose,  fgss  to  f^ij. 

Visum  Aromat'icum,  Aromatic  icine.  (Species 
aromatic,  ^iv,  mm.  rubr.  Oij.  Macerate  for  6 
days  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
L'sed,  externally,  in  fomentations,  embrocations, 
Ac 

Visum  Aromo-aloeticum,  V.  aloes  —  v.  Bene- 
dictum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Visum  Campa'num,  V.  Campana'ceum.  Cham- 
pagne wine.  A  well-known  sparkling  wine  of 
Prance.     See  Wine. 

Visum  Casarinum,  see  Wine — v.  Chalybeatum. 
V.  ferri  —  v.  Cinchonas  compositum,  V.  de  kina 
kin  a.  comp. 

Visum  Col'chici,  F.  Colchici  Radi'cis,  Wine 
of  Colchicum,  Want's  Eon  d'Husson.  (Colchic. 
rad.  bene  contus.  Itjj.  vini  alb.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  and  then  ex- 
press strongly,  and  filter.  Ph.  V.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Diuretic,  se- 
dative,   and   purgative.      Chiefly   used   in    gout. 

Dose,  gtt.  40  to  ng. 

Reynolds's  Specific  for  gout  and  rheumatism 
consisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of  Colchicum  3 viij. 
Sherry  icine,  f^xvj.  The  colchicum  was  mace- 
rated for  eight  or  ten  days  in  the  wine,  at  a  gentle 
heat;  coloured  with  syrup  of  poppies  and  fla- 
voured with  rum.  Reynolds  is  said  to  have 
killed  himself  by  taking  an  over-dose  of  it. 

Visum  Colchici  Radicis,  V.  colchici. 

VlHUM  CoLcnici  Sem'inis.  Wine  of  Colchicum 
seed.  (Colchic.  sem.  cont.  ^iv ;  vini  alb.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  with  occasional  agitation, 
then  express  and  filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f£j  to 

Visum  Cbbmatum,  Brandy. 

Visum  Diubbt'icum  Ama'rum,  F.  amarum 
scillit'icum  compos' i turn  in  Charita'tis  Xosocomi'o 
tttnrpa'tum,  Bitter  diuret'ic  icine.  (Cort.  cinchon., 
Winteran.,  limon.,  aa  ^ij,  rhus  to.ricodeudr.,  scil- 
l<2,  cacumui.  angelica,  aa  ^>s.  fol.  absinth.,  me- 
lissce,  aa  3J.  baecar.  junlp..  macis.  aa  oSSl  r?"- 
alb.  Oviij.  Macerate  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimu- 
lant, tonic,  and  diuretic.     Dose,  fjss  to  f^iss. 

Visum  Emeticum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

VlSUM  Er'got.e,  Wine  of  Ergot.  (Ergotce, 
cont,,  3ij ;  vini  alb.  Oj.     Macerate  for  14  days, 


with  occasional  agitation;  then  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  TTLxx  to  fgj  to  produce  the 
peculiar  effects  of  ergot. 

Visum  Fkkkatum,  V.  Ferri. 

Visum  Ferri,  V.  Ckalybea'tum  seu  ferra'tum 
seu  JJartia'tum  seu  Marti*,  Tinetura  Marti*  vi- 
no'sa  seu  J  fart  is  cum  vino,  Steel  icine,  Wine  of 
Iron.  (Iron  voire,  £j  ;  Sherry  urine,  Oij  (Imp. 
meas.).  Digest  for  thirty  davs  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Tonic.     Dose,  f£j  to  i^\\. 

It  is  sometimes  made  by  adding  tico  pint*  of 
!  wine  to  tico  ounces  of  iron  flings  j  macerating  and 
filtering. 

Visum  Gentia'n.e,  V.  G.  Composition  seu 
Ama'rum  seu  Amarum  cum  spiritn  Vini,  fnfu'- 
sum  ama'rum  vino'sum,  Compound  icine  of  gen- 
tian, Wine  bitters.  [Sad.  gentian,  lutece  j§88,  cort. 
cinchon.  ojfic.  5J,  cort.  aurant.  5Jij,  caneUm  alb. 
gj,  alcohol,  dilut.  f  ^iv.  vini  alb.  Hispanic.  Oijss. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  f3J  to'fgvj. 

Visum  Hippocraticum,  Claret — v.  Hispanicum, 
Vinum,  see  Wine — v.  Hordeaceum,  Cerevisia — v. 
Hydatodes,  see  Hydatoid. 

Visum  Ipecacuan'h.e,  fpecacuan'ha  icine. 
I  (fpeeacuan.  cont.  5*ij,  riui  alb.  Oij.)  Macerate 
j  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Emetic  and  dia- 
L  phoretic.     Dose,  as  an  emetic,  f£iv  to  f gx. 

Visum  de  Kina  Kina  Compos'itum,  Y.eincho'- 
ucb  compositum.  Compound  bark  icine,  (F.)  Vin  de 
quinquina  compose.  (Cort.  cinchon.  pulv.  Ibss, 
quassias,  cort.  Winteran..  cort.  aurant.  sice,  aa 
;  3*ss,  alcohol.  (12°  to  22°  Beaume)  Oj.  Macerate 
j  for  24  hours;  and  add  vini  albi  Ovj.  Macerate 
for  four  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  febri- 
fuge, and  stomachic.     Dose,  f  3*ss  to  f  3 i j . 

Visum  Mabtiatum,  V.  ferri  —  v.  Martia,  V. 
ferri — v.  Medicatum.  see  Claret. 

Visum  Medicina'le,  Med'icatcd  Wine.  Wine, 
holding  in  solution  one  or  more  medicines.  Me- 
dicinal wines  are  obtained  by  macerating  or  di- 
gesting medicinal  substances  in  wine.  They 
differ,  of  course,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
medicine  employed,  the  strength  of  the  wine,  <fcc. 
In  a  late  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  London  College, 
all  the  wines  were  changed  into  weak  tinctures; 
but  the  old  names  were  left  unaltered.  Sherry  is 
the  wine  usually  employed.  The  following  are 
medicated  wines. 

Visum  Merum,  Acratum — v.  Nicotians  tabaci, 
V.  tabaci  —  v.  Opiatum  fermeutatione  paratum, 
Laudanum  abbatis  Rousseau. 

VlSUM  O'pii,  F.  de  opio  compos'itum,  Laud'- 
:  anion  liq'uidnm  Sydenka'mi  seu  Boffman'ni, 
j  Tiuctu'ra  Theba'ica.  Wine  of  Opium,  Sydenham's 
Laud'annm,  Ford's  laudanum.  (Opii  in  pulv. 
gij  ;  cinnam.  cont.,  caryophyll.  cont.  aa  3J>  l,ut 
:  albi  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
:  filter. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Narcotic.      Dose,  gtt.  xv  to 

!  f£. 

\  nruM  de  Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii — v.  Pica- 
tum.  Pissites. 

Visum  Portugal'licum,  F.  mbrum,  (Ph.  U.  S. 
1851,)  (F.)  T7»  rouge  d' Oporto.  Wine  of  Portu- 
gal or  of  Oporto.  Port  wine.  A  strong  astrin- 
gent wine,  not  much  drunk  in  the  Fnited  States; 
but  greatly  used  in  England. 

Visum  Qui'slb,  Wine  of  Qui'nia.    (HVneftij, 

I  sulphate  of  quinia  gr.  x.     Mix.)     Dose,  f  'iss  or 

|j  more;  according  as  it  is  used  as  a  stomachic,  or 

to  arrest  ague.      A    Vinum    Cincho'nias   may  be 

I  made  in  the  same  way. 

Vinum  Rhei,  F.  R.  palma'ti.  F.  Rhabarbari, 
Tinetura  Rhobar'bari  Vino'sa,  Elixir  Rhei  dulce, 
E.  R.  Compos'itum,  Rhubarb  Wine.  (f'hei 
cont.  §ij,  canella;  cont.  £j,  alcohol,  dilut.  f  51'j, 
vini  albi,  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  stimulant. 
Dose,  f^iv  to  f.^iss. 

Vinum  Rhei  Palmatt,  V.  Rhei — v.  Rhenanum, 


VIOL 


9G9 


vinos o s 


gee  Wine  —  v.  Rhabarbari,  V.  rhei  nalmati  —v. 
Kubrum,  V.  Portugallicua —  *.  Rubrum  Porta- 
gallioam,  see  Wine. 

VlMM   Tab'aCI.    Vi)Ultn  Xirotia'llCP   Tahiti-,',   T<>- 

meis.   5J,    vi>ii    ulbi,    Oj. 

Macerate  for  14   days;   express   ami   strain.      PA, 

.    diuretic,   and    antispasmodic. 

In  dropsical  eases,  oolioa  pictoaum,  and  ileus. 
Not  u-  axvj. 

Vimm  Vkka'tki,  V.  V.  ulbi,    Win,-  of  White 

itri   cunt.  Jjiv  :    Vim  a/hi.  <»j. 

■  for  it  days, express  and  filter. — l'h.  ('. 

cutaneous  affections,  and  in  Lr,,ut-    Dose, 

ten   minims. 

Vim  m  Vkkatri  Albi,  V.  Veratri — v.  Xoriouin, 
am. 

VI'  >L,  Stuprum. 

VI'O LA,  Viola  ■  '.  Jfu- 

trema'lie,  Viola'ria,  Sweet  Violet,  {¥.)  Violette 
a  bouquet*,  V.  odoramte.  Ord.  Violaeese.  The 
■•  violet,  have  a  pleasant,  pecu- 
culiar  od<  ur,  and  scarcely  any  taste.  They  arc 
slightly    laxative. 

Viol  \  Cam's  v.  i  Violet,    The 

this  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.     Dose, 

VlOLA  Iri.  \.t  \\"\.  Bee  Ipecacuanha  —  v. 
Lutea,  Cheiranthus  eheiri — v.  Mania.  Viola — v. 
Odorata.  Viola — v.  Palnstris,  Pinguicola vulgaris. 

Vi.it. a  PbDA'tA,  Viola,  l'h.  I'.  8.)  This  in- 
digenous violet,  which  grows  from  New  England 
to  Carolina,  i-  regarded  by  some  as  a  useful  de- 
mulcent in  pectoral  affections. 

Viol  \  Stltbstris,  V.  Canina. 

"\"i. 1 1.  v  Tri'color,  Jace'a  tricolor, Herba  sou  Floe 
Trinita'tie,  /.'  .  Paney,  Pen*y,  Paneie*, 

j  I'r'V.  |    Beedy**  eye*,   Biddy'*  eyes,  (P.)  I 

tion  of  this  beautiful  little 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the 
skin.  Ac.     Its  roots  are,  also,  emetic  and  cathartic. 

VIOLARIA,  Viola, 

VIOLET,  DOG,  Viola  canina— v.  Dog's  Tooth, 
Erythronium  America  num. 

■  i;:   BLOOM,  Solatium  dulcamara. 

Violbt,  Sweet,  Viola. 

VIOL  R  T  IK  A  BOUQU  E  TS,  Viol  a— v.  Odor- 
ant>-    Viols  —  p.  de»  Sorcier*,  Vinca  minor. 

VTOLTER  JAUNE,  cheiranthus  eheiri. 

VIORNA,  Clematis  vitalha. 

VIPER,  EGYPTIAN,  Aspis  —  v.  Ten-inch 
lonLr.  Echidna  ocellata. 

Vipri  G  base,  Scononera. 

VIPEB  V.  Coluber  berus. 

VIPER  ARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Scor- 
zonera. 

VIPERINA  VTRGINIANA,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pen taria. 

VIP&RTNB    DE    VJROINIE,    Aristolochia 

•  iiia. 

VIPER'S  D  \NCK.  Chorea. 

VI  K.  Aner,  Penis — v.  Bffoetninatns,  Gynrecaner. 

XI  ':'.   '  P    Lroiiia.-is. 

V1REUX,  Virulent. 
VIRGA,  Penis— r.  Cerea,  BomgU — v.  Cerehri, 

Pineal  gland. 

VIHGILLA. Cladrastii  tinctoria. 

VIRGIN,   Virgo,  genitive  virginie,  Par'ilentu, 

-    nuplia'rv  n .    Pueelle.     A  fe- 

i  bo  bas  never  hud  sexual  intercourse.     Ap- 

plied,  also,  occasionally  to  the  male  so  eireum- 

■  d. 

VIRGINMARY  THISTLE,  Centaurea  bene- 

VIR'GINAL,  Virgina'li,  from  pirgo,  Virginia,  'a 
virgin.'  The  external  genital  organs  of  the  virgin. 
Virgin  il  Membr  van.  Hymen. 
VIRGIN'IA. MINERAL  W  A T  ERS 0 P.  There 

•  ral  celebrated  mineral  s]  rings  in  Virginia, 


on  the  western  side  of  the  nine  Ridge.  Two 
Thermal  springs  exist  in  15ath  county.  The 
Warm  Spring,  as  it  is  called,  issues  with  a  hold 
stream,  sufficient  to  turn  |  mill,  and  to  keep  the 
•  its  basin  at  the  temperature  of  (.'7°.  The 
Hot  Spring  is  a  few  miles  from  me  warm.  Its 
temperature  is  1  »'7 °.  They  are  both  slightly  sul- 
phureous The  Sweet  Springe  are  at  the  eastern 
foot  of  the  Allegheny,  in  Botetourt  county  ;  42 
miles  from  the  Warm  Springs.  The  water  has  m 
temperature  of  70°,  and  is  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid.  The  White  Sulphur,  mi 
as  the  Red  Sulphur,  and  Salt  Sulphur  Spring*, 
are  also  much  celebrated.  The  Red  Spring  is 
affirmed    to   i  lative   influence   on   tho 

pulse,   diminishing    the    number    of   its   beats. 
Prof.  W.  B.  Rogers  analysed  the  water  of  tho 
White  Sulphur,  and  found  it  to  be  oompi 
follows:  —  Gaseous    contents    in    a    wine   gallon. 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  2*5  cubic  inches,  earoofite 
in  ill,  2;  oryyen,   11  IS;    nitrogen,  3*552. — Total, 
Solid   contents  in  a  pint:   eulphaie  of  mag- 
grains;  tulphate  nf  lime,  7*744;  car- 
bonate of  lime,  1*150;  chloride  of  calcium, 
chloride  of  eodium,  0*180  :  oxide  of  iron,  a  trace; 
llll.      Total,   15*276  .-rains." 

The  Rockbridge  Alum  Springe  are  situs 
miles  west  of  Lexington,  and  are  in  much  favour. 
Their  solid  constituents  are  said  to  be, — sulphate 
ofpotassa,  1*765  gr. ;  sulphate  of  lime,  3*261 
phate  of  magefesia,  1  "763  :  protoxide  oi  iron.  1*863 ; 
alumina,  17*905;  eremite  of  ammonia,  0*700; 
chloride  of  sodium.  1*008;  silicic  acid,  2*840 ;  free 
sulphuric  acid,  15*224;  free  carbonic  acid,  7*536 
—  water  58315*133.  They  are  used  in  dys- 
pepsia, Bcrofula,  chronic  diarrhoea,  and  cutaneous 
affections.  The  liuth  Alum  Springe  arc  about  17 
wiles  west  of  the  Rockbridge  Springs,  in  Bath 
county.  They  consist  of  free  sulphuric  acid, 
7*878  gra;  carbonic  acid,  3*846;  sulphate  of  po- 
•  issa,  0*258;  magnesia,  1*282;  lime,  2-5H9 ;  pro- 
toxide of  iron.  21*776;  alumina,  12-LM':;;  crenate 
of  ammonia,  1  ■  7 7 1> :  silicate  of  soda,  3*150;  water, 
58317*202.  They  are  more  chalybeate  than  the  last. 

About  15  miles  from  Staunton  are  Stribling'e 
Springe — a  sulphuretted  water;  and  near  War- 
renton,  in  Fauquier  county,  there  is  a  sulphu- 
reous water,  called  Lies  Springe,  which  is  much 
frequented.  Berkley  or  Bath,  and  Capon  Springe 
are  likewise  celebrated. 

Virginia,  Hymen. 

VIRGINIS  VITIATIO,  Defloration. 

VIRGINITY,  Virgin'itae,  Parthenei'a,  Tnteg*- 
ritae,  Maid'euhood,  Afaid'euhead,  (F.)  Virginitt$ 
Pucflage;  from  uirgo,  virginie,  *a  virgin.'  The 
state  of  one  who  has  never  had  carnal  commerce. 

VIRGIN'S  BOWER,  COMMON,  Clemntis 
vital ba,  Clematis  Virginica  —  v.  Bower,  upright, 
Clematis  recta — v.  Sweet-scented,  Clematis  6am- 
mula. 

Vm.cin's  Milk,  Lac  Vir*ginie  sen  Virgina'li, 
(F.)  Lnit  virginal.  A  tincture  of  benjamin  or 
of  any  other  balsam,  precipitated  by  the  addition 
of  water,  which  gives  it  a  milky  appearance. 
Also,  sub-acetate  of  lead  precipitated  by  water.  It 
il  used  as  a  OOSmetlC  to  remove  freckles,  &.v. 

VIRGINITAS  DEPLORATA,  Defloration. 
VIRG< '.  Virgin — v.  Aurea,  Solidago  virgaurea. 
VIRGULA,  V- 
VIRIDE  -Kills,  Cupri  Bubaoetas  — v.  Moats*. 

num.  Cuprum. 

VIRILE,  Penis. 

VTRILES'CENCE;  from  virilie,  [nir,  'a man,') 
'  manly.'  The  state  of  the  aged  female  in  which 
she  assumes  certain  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
male  —  Mehliss. 

Villi  I. LA.  Podibilia. 

VIRILITY,  Adult  age, 

VIROSUS,  Virulent. 


VIRTUE 


970 


VITAL 


VIRTUE,  Faculty. 

VIRTUS  FORMATRIX,  Plastic  force  —  v. 
Plastica,  Plastic  force. 

VIR'ULENT,  Virulen'tus,  Viro'sus,  (F.)  Vi- 
reux,  from  virus.  Thnt  which  is  of  the  nature 
of  a  virus  or  which  is  caused  by  a  virus.  Highly 
noxious. 

VIRUS,  from  vis,  'force/  plural  vires  [?].  A 
Latin  word,  which  signifies  poison  ;  but  which, 
in  medicine,  has  a  somewhat  different  accepta- 
tion. By  it  is  understood  a  principle,  unknown 
in  its  nature  and  inappreciable  by  the  senses, 
which  is  the  agent  for  the  transmission  of  infec- 
tious diseases.  Thus  we  speak  of  the  variolic, 
vaccine,  and  syphilitic  viruses.  Virus  differs  from 
venom  in  the  latter  being  a  secretion  natural  to 
certain  animals,  whilst  the  former  is  always  the 
result  of  a  morbid  process,  —  a  morbid  poison. 

Virus,  Ichor,  Poison,  Sanies  —  v.  Vaccine,  see 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vitale,  Sperm. 

VIS,  Force — v.  Adha>sionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — v.  Attractionis,  Cohesion  (force  of)  —  v. 
Aucta,  Sthenia  —  v.  Cohaesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — v.  Conservatrix,  V.  inedieatrix  naturas  — 
v.  Elastica,  Elasticity  —  v.  Essentialis,  Plastic 
force. 

Vis  Expul'trix.  The  organic  force  by  which, 
it  was  supposed,  the  useless  was  removed  from 
the  body. 

Vis  Formativa,  Plastic  force  —  v.  Generatrix, 
Potentia  generandi — v.  Imminuta,  Asthenia — v. 
Insita,  Irritability — v.  Irritabilitatis,  Irritability. 

Vis  Medica'trix  Natu'rje,  V.  conserva'trix, 
Autocrati'a,  Avtonom'ia,  Antocrato'ria,  Authy- 
gian'sis,  Autothcrapei'a,  Physiat'rice,  Physio- 
autocrat  i' a,  Physiautocrati'a,  (F.)  Force  medica- 
trice.  A  term,  employed  by  some,  to  express 
that  instinctive  healing  power,  in  an  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  virtue  of  which  it  can  repair  inju- 
ries inflicted  upon  it,  or  remove  disease. 

Vis  Mktabolica,  Metabolic  force. 

Vis  Mor'tua,  Under  this  name  Haller  in- 
cluded the  mechanical  properties  of  membrane, 
—flexibility,  extensibility,  elasticity,  &c. — which 
are  totally  independent  of  the  vital  properties. 
They  remain  some  time  after  the  complete  ex- 
tinction of  life  in  all  its  functions  ;  seem  to  be 
connected  with  the  mechanical  arrangement  of 
particles  and  the  chymical  composition  of  the 
substance  in  which  they  reside,  and  not  to  be 
affected  until  the  progress  of  decomposition  has 
become  sensible. 

Vis  Muscularis,  Myodynamia — v.  Nervorum, 
Nervous  power — v.  Nervosa,  Nervous  power — v. 
Plastica,  Plastic  force — v.  Reproductiva,  Plastic 
force  —  v.  Vitae,  Irritability. 

Vis  Vita'lis,  Vis  seu  Fac'ultas  Zo'tica.  (F.) 
Force  vitale.  The  vital  force  —  Biod  of  Baron 
Von  Reichenbach — which  distinguishes  living 
matter  from  the  dead.     Also,  Irritability. 

Vis  Zotica,  Vis  vitalis. 

VISAGE,  Countenance. 

VISCAGO  BEHEN,  Cucubalus  behen. 

VISCERA,  Entrails. 

VISCERAL,  Splanchnic. 

VISCERALIS,  Stomachal. 

VISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

VISCERES,  Entrails. 

VISCONIA,  Physconia. 

VISCUM  ALBUM,  Ixos,  Tx'ia,  Dahach,  3fis'- 
thtoe,  (F.)  Gui,  Gui  de  Chene,  Gillon.  A  para- 
sitic plant,  which  grows  on  a  number  of  trees. 
Order,  Loranthaceae.  *S>.r.  Syst.  Dicecia  Tetran- 
dria.  That  of  the  oak — Viscum  querci'nnm — has 
been  most  celebrated,  but  it  does  not  differ  from 
the  others.  It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in 
epilepsy  and  other  neuroses;  the  wood  or  leaves 


being  given  in  powder,  in  the  dose  of  £ss  or  £). 
The  berries,  also  called  Pomvies  hemorrhoida/es, 
from  their  supposed  virtues,  are  drastic;  and, 
when  applied  externally,  are  maturative. 

Viscpm  Capen'se.  A  South  African  parasitic 
shrub,  which  grows  on  the  stems  of  several  spe- 
cies of  Rhus  and  Euclea. 

Viscum  Flaves'cens,  V.  verti cilia' turn,  Yellow 
or    Yel'loicish    J/is'tletoe,   indigenous,    has    been 
given  in  similar  cases  as  the  Viscum  album. 
Viscum  Verticillatum,  V.  flavescens. 
VISIO,  Pupil,  Vision. 

VISTON,  Sight,  Vis'io,  Visus,  from  videre, 
visum,  'to  see;'  Opsis,  Omma,  (F.)  Vue.  The 
action  of  seeing.  The  sight  is  one  of  the  five 
senses,  and  the  eye  is  its  organ.  By  it  we 
distinguish  colours,  and  appreciate  most  of  the 
physical  qualities  of  external-objects.  The  eye  is 
composed  of  different  transparent  media,  whose 
curvatures  and  refractive  powers  are  so  combined 
as  to  render  insensible  the  aberrations  of  spheri- 
city and  refrangibility,  and  to  concentrate  the 
numerous  rays  proceeding  from  more  or  less 
distant  objects.  These  rays  traverse,  succes- 
sively, the  transparent  cornea,  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, the  crystalline,  the  vitreous  humour,  and 
strike  upon  the  retina,  on  which  they  impress 
the  figure  of  the  object  whence  they  have  pro- 
ceeded ;  and,  in  order  that  no  obscurity  may  arise 
from  the  reflections  that  might  otherwise  occur, 
the  anterior  of  the  eye  is  lined  by  a  membrane — 
the  choroid — which  is  itself  covered  internally  by 
a  dark  pigment.  This  absorbs  the  light,  like  the 
dark  pigment  in  the  interior  of  telescopes,  and 
thus  obviates  confusion.  As  the  rays  proceeding 
from  an  object  must  cross  each  other  in  their 
course  to  the  retina,  it  follows  that  those  pro- 
ceeding from  the  upper  part  of  an  object  must 
fall  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  retina,  and  con- 
versely ;  so  that  the  object  must  be  impressed 
upon  the  retina  in  an  inverted  position ;  yet  ex- 
perience teaches  us  to  appreciate  the  position  ac- 
curately. 

Vision,  Binocular,  see  Binocular  —  r.  Co- 
loured, Chromopsia  —  v.  Double,  Diplopia  —  v. 
Iridescent,  Chromopsia  —  v.  Manifold,  Polyopsia 
—  v.  Multiple,  Polyopsia  —  v.  Phantasmatum, 
Metamorphopsia  —  v.  Single,  see  Binocular. 

VISNOMY,  Physiognomy. 

VISORIUM  ORGANUM,  Eye. 

VISORIUS,  Visual. 

VIS'UAL,  Visua'lis,  Viso'rius,  (F.)  Visuel. 
Same  etymon  as  Vision.  That  which  concerns 
the  sight  or  belongs  to  vision. 

Visual  Angle  is  the  angle  formed  by  the 
crossing  of  two  rays,  proceeding  from  opposite 
points  of  any  body,  in  their  passage  through  the 
pupil.  It  is  by  the  size  of  this  angle  that  we  judge, 
to  a  certain  extent,  of  the  dimensions  of  objects. 

VISUEL,  Visual. 

VISUS,  Vision  —  v.  Acris,  Oxydercia  —  v. 
Acrior,  Nyctalopia  —  v.  Coloratus,  Chromopsia — 
v.  Debilitas,  Asthenopia  —  v.  Decolor,  Achroma- 
topsia— v.  Defiguratus,  Metamorphopsia — v.  Di- 
midiatus,  Hemiopia — v.  Diurnus,  Hemeralopia — 
v.  Duplicatus,  Diplopia — v.  Hebetudo,  Amblyopia 
— v.  Juvenum,  Myopia — v.  Lucidus,  Photopsia — 
v.  Muscarum,  see  Metamorphopsia — v.  Nehulo- 
sus,  Nebula — v.  Nocturnus,  Nyctalopia — v.  Seni- 
lis, Presbytia. 

VITA,  Life  —  v.  Propria,  Irritability. 

VITAL,  Vita'lis,  Biot'ic,  Bioi'icus,  (F.)  Vital, 
from  vita,  'life.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
life. 

Vital  CapAc"ity,  Pnlmon'ic  or  Lung  capacity. 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  Hutchinson  to  designate 
the  number  of  cubic  inches  of  air,  which  a  person 
can  forcibly  expire  after  a  full  inspiration. 


V I  T  A  L  B  A 


971 


VIVIPARITY 


Vital  DYNAMICS,  see   Dynamic — v.  Fore  .  \  ii 

vita',  is. 

Vital  Prin'ciplr,  Flam'mula  sea  Aura  vita'- 
//*.  Jlicrocoeme'tor,  (F.)  Flamme  vitule,  Yit<il 
Flame.  The  principle  wbiub,  in  association  with 
matter,  as  in  todies,  controls  its  mani- 

festations and   properties,  and  distinguit 
ganized  matter  from   thi  We  know 

nothing  of  this  principle,  except  in  its  connexion 
with  organisation. 

Vital  Properties,  see  Properties,  vital  —  v. 
Statistics,  Statistics,  medical. 

VI  I' AI.r.A.  Clematis  ritalba. 

VITALISM.  Vitalitm'ut,  The  doctrine  of  the 
vituiixt  —  vital ix'tit  —  win)  ascribes  every  function 
of  the  organism  to  the  direct  agency  of  the  vital 
princi 

VI  1  ILIS  1'.  b<  e  Vitalism. 

VI  I  ALT1Y.  Vital'itae,  (F.)  Vitaliti, from  vita, 
'life.'  The  vital  principle:  also,  used  in  tb< 
of  vital  action  or  movement. 

\  [TALIZE.     To  endow  with  life. 

VITALS,     VitaWu.      Parts    that   are  06 
for  life  —  the   heart,   lungs,  and  nervous  centres 
more  especially. 

VITARO'BORANT,  PALMER'S.  A  farina- 
;  reparation,  which  appears  to  consist  of  a 
mixture  of  the  red  or  Arabian  lentil  and  wheat 
Hour,  the  latter  in  considerable  amount,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar.  It  heats  considerable  r>  -•  m- 
blance  to  Revalenta. 

VITELLARY,  Vitelline  — v.  Membrane,  Zona 
pellocida. 

VITELLINE,  Zona  pellucida. 

VI  i  'ELLINE,  Vitel'liuuM,  Vit'eUary,  Lecitho'- 
ilk  of  an  egg.'     Apper- 
taining  to   or   resembling   the  vitellus  or  yolk. 
the  yolk  membran  sicula  umbili- 

ealis. 

Vitki.un*:  Disc,   Proligerous  Disc  —  v.  Fluid, 
licula  umbilicalis. 

Viti. i.i.i m;  Ped'iclk  or  Apoph'tsis  is  the  pedi- 
cle which  attaches  the  umbilical  vesicle  to  the 
embryo.     S  sicula  umbilicalis. 

i ,:m:     PoDCH,    Vesicula    umbilicalis  —  v. 
j,  •  tmpbalo-tnesenteric. 

VITELLO-MESENTERIC,  Ompbalo-mesen- 
teric. 

VITELLUM   OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITELLUS  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITEX,  from  vieo,  T  bind'[?]j  V.  Agnne  Ott- 
ilia'ta,  (F.)  Gattilier,  Petit  Poivre, 
•  /<■  moine  <»u  tauvage.     Ord.  Verbenacem. 
-   it.  Didynamia  Acgiospermia.    The  ('/toxic 
The  seeds,  when   fresh,  have  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  an   acrid,   aromatic   taste.      Formerly, 
they  were  celebrated  as  antaphrodic 

VITI    BALTUS,  Chorea. 

VITI  A    PRIMS    CONFORMATIONIS,   see 
I  er. 

VITIATIO,  Stupram. 

VITILIGINES,  Ephelides. 

VITILIGO,  Lepra  —  v.  Alphus,  Lepra  nlpbo- 
Idas  —  v.  Melas,  Lepra  nigricans — V.  Nigra,  Lepra 

nigricans. 

VITILIGOE'DEA,  from  viiili.jo,  and  uhos,  're- 
semblance.' A  disease  of  the  skin,  so  called 
from  its  resembling  the  vitiligo  of  Willan.  It 
ri  under  two  forms;  either  as  tubercles — V. 
tubero'ta  —  varying  from  the  size  of  a  pin's  bead 
to  that  of  ;i  large  pea,  isolated  or  confluent ;  <>r  as 
yellow  patches  of  irregular  outline,  slightly  ele- 
vated, and  with  but  little  har 

VITI8  ALBA  SYLVESTRIS,  Bryonia  alba 
—  v.  Apyrena,  see  V.  Corinl 

VlTIS  CORIVTHIACA.     Ord.  \  i.Si/xt. 

P  M       gynia.     This  plant  affords  the 

I  .  ■■iiilliinrfp     li'iix(P      Oliua  I'nrin- 

thiuv&,  I'u*' aula  miuo'ree,  GoritUhiaca,  CurranU, 


i  V.)  Ratlin*  tie  Corinthe;  which  are  tbe  dried 
fruit  of  the  Ft'fii  Coriuthiaea  or  Flits  apyre'na'j 
and  tire  similar,  in  tlieir  properties,  to  the  raisin. 
Vnis  Io.ja  Mtrtillus,  Vaceinium  myrtillus 
—  v.  lda-a  Palustris,  Vaceinium  oxyeoooos  —  v. 
Iihea  punctata,  Vaceinium  vitis  idssa — v.  Bativa, 

V.  vinifeia. 

\'imi'ii:\,    T'.    siiti'vn,    Am'peloe,    A. 
(Enop  \  ine,     (F.)      Vignt. 

Vine    leaves    and    the    tendrils    have    an 

and   were    formerly    used    in   diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage,  Ac     The  juice  or  sap,  called 


Lac* 


ii   recommended  in   calculous 


disorders  and  in  cases  of  chronic  ophthalmia. 
The  juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  called    Verjuice. 

j.ll'ljli,     Ji'i, 

Raisin,  when  ripe,  is  a  wholesome  deliciou 

and,  when  dried,  forms  the  I  ra  pasta  majo'ree, 
Pate'ula    in 

-     .   Zibt  I'cr.   Jinixiiix.      '{'[  ■ 
inodorous]  and  to  the  taste, sub-acid 
and  mucilaginous.      They  are  demulcent  and  nu- 
tritive. 

VITIUM,  Disease  —  v.  Cadncnm,  Epilepsy. 

Vnn  m  Co.nkok-Ma'tio.nis.  A  disease  or  fault 
of  conformation. 

Vitii.m  DiviMM,  Epilepsy  —  v.  Herculeum, 
Epilepsy  —  v.  Scrophulosum,  Scrofula. 

VITRARIA,  Parietaria. 

YITUK.  Hyaline. 

VITREO-CAPSULITIS,  Hyalitis. 

VITREOUS,  Hyaline  — v.  Humour,  Corpus 
vitreum — v.  Humour  of  the  ear,  Vitrine  auditive. 

VITREUS,  11  valine. 

1777/ ATA'.  Hyaline. 

YITRIXA    OCULARIS,  Corpus  vitreum. 

VITRINE  AUDITIVE  (F.),  from  vitrum, 
'glass;'  A'quula  vit'rea  auditi'va,  End'olymph, 
Liquor  or  Fluid  of  Scarpa,  Vitreove  Humour  nf 
tin  Ear.  The  fluid  contained  in  the  membrnuone 
labyrinth  of  the  ear,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  titreoue  humour  of  the 

VITRIOL,  Ferri  sulphas  — v.  Blue,  Cupri  sul- 
phas— v.  Green,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Roman,  Cupri 
sulphas  —  v.  White,  Zinei  sulphas. 

VTTRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinei  sulphas  — ▼. 
Ammoniacale,  Ammonias  sulphas — v.  Cseruleum, 
Cupri  sulphas — v.  Cupri,  Cupri  sulphas  —  v.  Vy- 
priiun.  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Ferri,  Ferri  sulphas — v. 
Goslariense,  Zinei  sulphas — v.  Martis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas—  v.  Romannm,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Veneris, 
Cupri  sulphas— v.  Viride,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Zinei, 
Zinei  sulphas. 

VITRUM,  Hy' alott,  Glaee,  Brancia,  (T.)  Verre. 
Qlass,  coarsely  powdered,  has  been  sotnetiines 
used  to  remove  specks  of  the  cornea. 

Powdered  glass  has  been  regarded,  but  erro- 
neously, as  a  poison.     It  acts  only  mechanically. 

The  saline  scum,  which  swims  on  glass  when 
first  made,  has  been  used  in  tooth-powders.  It  is 
called  Sandiver,  Stl  dc  verve,  Glaus  Gall,  Fel 
villi,  &c. 

ViTiu  m   Antimomi,  see  Antimonii   vitrum  —  v. 
Sypoelepticum,  Beparatorium  —  v.  Ocolai 
Spectacles  —  v.  Bublimatorium,  AludeL 

VITTA,    Itinid.l.lt..  Caul. 

VITTARIA  CETERA!  II.  Asplenium  set* 
raoh. 

VITTIE  VATR,  Andropogon  muricatns. 
VIVACE,    from    vivai,    vivacie,    (vivere,     'to 

live,')  '  living  long,  tenacious  of  life/  An  epithet 
given  by  Levret  to  uterine  polypi,  which  be  con- 
siders to  be,  commonly,  vegetations  of  some  ulcer 
in  the  interior  oi  the  uterus,  ami  incurable. 

Yiv.i.-i.t  l  [0.  Vivisection. 

VIVERRA  I  1VETTA,  see  Oivetta, 

VIVIPARE,  Viviparous. 

VIVIPARITY,  see  Viviparonsj. 


VIVIPAROUS 


972 


VOMICA 


VIYIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Vtvipare,  from  virus, 
'alive,'  and  pttrio,  'I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  animals  whose  young  are  brought  forth 
detached,  without  requiring  to  be  hatched,  as  in 
the  Oviparous.  The  condition  may  be  termed 
Vivip'aronane»a,  (F.)  Viviparity.  See  Generation. 
VIVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Viviparous. 
VIVISECTION,  Viviaec'tio,  Vivaaec'Ho,  Bio- 
tovi'ia,  from  victi*,  'alive,'  and  se  care,  sect  urn,  'to 
cut.'  The  act  of  opening  or  dissecting  living 
animals.  One  who  performs  vivisections  is  a 
vivisector. 

VOCAL,  Oral— v.  Cords,  see  Cords,  vocal — v. 
Ligaments,  see  Cords,  Vocal — v.  Tube,  see  Tube, 
vocal. 

V  OCA  LIS,  Vowel. 

VOCE  DI  PETTO,  see  Voice  — v.  di  Testa, 
see  Voice. 

VOICE,  Vox,  Audi,  Phone,  (F.)  Voix,  from 
vocare,  'to  name,  to  call.'  An  appreciable  sound 
produced  bj'  the  air,  when  driven  from  the  lungs, 
throwing  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the  glottis  into 
vibration.  The  function  by  which  this  is  effected 
has  been  called  Pkona'tion.  It  is  a  function  of 
animal  life:  and,  in  animals,  is  limited  to  the 
production  of  the  simple  or  instinctive  voice,  as 
well  as  in  the  idiot;  but,  in  intellectual  man,  be- 
comes much  more  complicated  and  articulated, — 
an  evidence  of  his  intellectual  superiority. 

Voice,  Articulated,  Speech,  Loque'la,  Glossa, 
Giotto,  La'lia,  Phrasis,  (F.)  Parole,  Voix  articu- 
lee,  is  the  voice  as  produced  by  the  glottis,  modi- 
fied by  the  motions  of  the  tongue,  lip,  and  other 
parts  of  the  vocal  tube.  Most  physiologists  agree 
in  regarding  the  glottis,  or  the  space  between 
the  thyro-arytenoid  ligaments  plus  the  ligaments 
themselves,  as  the  part  where  vocal  sounds  are 
formed  ;  but  the  mechanism  of  this  formation  is 
a  matter  of  dispute.  The  greater  part  of  indivi- 
duals regard  the  glottis  and  its  ligaments,  with 
the  vocal  tube,  or  the  space  which  the  sound  has 
to  traverse  after  it  is  produced  in  the  glottis,  as 
a  reed  instrument,  like  the  clarionet,  the  inferior 
ligaments  of  the  glottis  constituting  the  reed.  In 
speech,  as  ordinarily  effected,  the  tongue,  lips, 
teeth,  &c,  are  concerned,  but  there  are  some 
authentic  cases  on  record,  where  it  has  been  ac- 
complished after  the  tongue  has  been  removed. 
In  such  cases,  the  articulated  voice  must  have 
been  produced  in  the  glottis  alone,  or  in  it  aided 
by  an  obscure  action  of  the  parts  above  it. 

The  singing  voice  is  not  limited  to  the  larynx ; 
the  pharynx  would  seem  to  be  concerned  also. 
The  notes  that  are  produced  in  the  latter  have 
been  termed  supra-laryngeal,  or  notes  of  the  second 
register.  They  constitute  the  pharyngeal  voice, 
falsetto  or  faucette  voice  or  voce  di  testa  (I.), 
Voix  de  tete,  Voix  de  fausset  (F.).  The  laryngeal 
voice  or  voice  of  the  first  register,  Chest  voice,  is 
the  Voce  di  Petto  (L),  Voix  de  Poitrine  (F.). 
The  laryngeal  voice,  which  is  always  more  ele- 
vated, by  an  octave,  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male,  furnishes  the  types  called  Soprano,  Alto  or 
Contralto,  Tenor  and  Bans.  The  first  two  belong 
to  the  female  voice;  the  last  two  to  the  male. 
The  Baritone  is  between  the  bass  and  tenor. 

Voice,  Bleatixg,  Egophony  —  v.  Cavernous, 
Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Chest,  see  Voice,  articulated. 

Voice,  Choi/eric,  Vox  Cho/er'ica.  The  pecu- 
liar husky  voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

VOICE,  CONVUL'SIVE,  Vox  convuhi'va,  (F.) 
Voix  convulsive.  A  neurosis  of  the  voice,  con- 
sisting in  the  production  of  discordant  sounds  — 
acute  and  grave — which  cannot  be  brought  to  the 
natural  tones  by  any  effort  of  volition.  It  seems 
to  be  caused  by  disordered  contraction  of  the 
muscles  of  the  larynx. 

Voice,  Falsetto,  see  Voice  —  v.  Goat's,  Ego- 
phony  —  v.  Laryngeal,  Laryngophony,  see  Voice 


— v.  Pharyngeal,  see  Voice — v.  Tracheal,  Laryn- 
gophony. 

VOIE,  Way. 

VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways,  digestive  —  v. 
Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages  —  v.  Premieres, 
Ways,  digestive — v.  Secondes,  Ways,  second  —  v. 
Urinaires,  Urinary  passages. 

VOILE  DU  PALAIS,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lati  —  v.  Jledullairc  inferieure,  Velum  medullare 
inferius  —  v.  3Iedullaire  siqjerieure,  Valvula 
Vieussenii. 

VOIX,  Voice  —  v.  Aigrp.,  see  Acid  —  v.  Articu- 
lee,  Voice,  articulated,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Bour- 
donnante,  see  Resonance  —  v.  Brvuchique,  Re- 
sonance—  v.  Caverneuse,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Che- 
vrotante,  Egophony  —  v.  Egophonique,  Egophony 
— v.  de  Fausset,  see  Voice,  articulated — v.  de  Poi- 
trine, see  Voice,  articu^ted —  v.  de  Polichiuille, 
Egophony — v.  Senile,  Egophony — v.  de  Tete,  see 
Voice,  articulated — r.  Tubaire,  see  Resonance. 

VOLA,  Palm— v.  Manus.  Palm— v.  Pedis.  Sole. 

VOLANT  D'EAU,  Nyinphgea  alba. 

VOLATICA,  Lichen. 

VOLATILIZA'TION,  Volatilisa'tio,  Volatisa'- 
tio,  from  vol  are,  '  to  fly.'  The  operation  of  redu- 
cing volatilizable  substances  into  gas  or  vapour. 

VOLATISATIO,  Volatilization. 

VOLIT"ION,  Volit"io,  from  volo,  'to  will.' 
The  act  of  willing.     Hence  : 

VOLIT"IONAL,  relating  to  volition.  Thus 
the  muscles  may  be  moved  by  a  volitional  or  by 
an  emotional  impulse. 

VOLNUS,  Wound. 

VOLONTAIRE,  Voluntary. 

VOLOXTE,  Voluntas. 

VOLSELLA,  Acanthobolos,  Forceps,  Madiste- 
rium  —  v.  Pa  tin  i,  Valet  a  Patin. 

VOLTAISM,  Galvanism. 

VOLTUS.  Countenance,  Face. 

VOL'UNTARY,  Hecu'sius,  Volunta'rius,  (F.) 
Vo/ontaire,  from  voluntas,  'will.'  Relating  to  the 
will;  as  ' voluntary  muscles j'  muscles  which  act 
in  obedience  to  the  will. 

VOLUNTAS,  Volen'tia.  Arbit'rium,  Cnpid'- 
itas,  Boule'sis,  Bule'sis,  Thele'ma,  (F.)  Voloute, 
from  volo,  'I  will.'     Will  or  desire. 

Volun'tas  seu  Cupid'itas  Dksedend'i,  Lubi'- 
do  intesti'ni.     The  desire  to  go  to  stool. 

VOLVA,  Vulva. 

VOLVULUS,  Ileus  —  v.  Intestinorum,  Intus- 
susceptio. 

VOMENDI  CONAMEN  INANE,  Vomituri- 
tion. 

VOMER,  'a  ploughshare;'  Os  vo'meris,  Os 
)naxill'(S  superio'ris  undec"im}im,  Ara'trum.  One 
of  the  bones  of  the  face,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance. It  is  an  azygous  bone,  forming  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  septum  narium.  It  is  thin,  flat, 
and  quadrilateral ;  and  is  articulated,  below,  to 
the  superior  maxillary  and  palatine  bones:  and 
above,  to  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  and  cornets  of 
Bertin.  It  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  os- 
sification.    Also,  the  penis. 

VOM'ICA,  Pyocys'tis,  from  vomere,  'to  vomit,' 
'  to  cast  up.'     (F.)   Vomique,    Crachement  de  pus. 
A  term  used  by  some  authors  for  any  encysted 
collection  of  purulent  matter  in  the  interior  of  a 
viscus.     The  acceptation  is  commonly,  however, 
restricted  to   purulent  collections  in    the   lungs, 
encysted  or  not,  which  may  be  discharged  by  the 
mouth,  by  breaking  into    the    bronchial    tubes. 
Two  kinds  of  vomicae  are  distinguished;  the  one 
caused   by  the   softening   or   breaking    down    of 
|  pulmonary  tubercles;  the  other,  of  much    more 
,  rare  occurrence,  formed  by  a  circumscribed  abscess 
of  the  lungs.     Instead  of  opening  into  the  bron- 
chia, the  abscess  is  sometimes  discharged  into  the 
I  cavity  of  the  pleura,  causing  empyema. 


VOMICINE 


973 


V  U  L  ?  A 


VOMICINE,  Brucia. 
70  MIQUE,  Vomica. 
VOMIQUIER,  Strychnoe  mix  vomica. 
VOMISSEMENT,   Vomiting  —  *,   de   Sang, 
ILou. 

VOMIT,    Emetic  —  v.    Black,    Fever,   yellow, 

:ia. 

.  Dry.  of  Marriott.  A  once  celebrated 
emetic,  called  'dry,'  from  its  baring  Wen  pven 
without  solution.  It  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  tartrate  of  RntimOBJ  ami  potSSSa,  and  sulphate 
of  CO] 

7/77/'.  Emetic. 
VOMITINE,  Emetine. 
VpM'ITINO,   Vom'itue,  Vowtifio,  Vcmif'iwm, 

Vom'itum,   Ecoinit"i<>,  Atut'tn.j  1'nlmwi 

rom'ihi*,  ASgritu'do  ventritfuli,  Spewing,  Puking, 
,  (Old  Bng     P       -■  'ikimj, 
king,  Braking,  Brockt, 
HuU'uping,  (vulg.)  Caeca/ding,  Coating,  (F.)   Yo- 
inissement,   from   posters,   POSMtttM,  '  to  throw  up.' 
The  set  by  which  solids  and  liquids,  contained  in 
macn,  are  ejected  by  the  month.     Vomit- 
ing is  the  effect  of  some  special  irritation  of  the 
of  the  stomach,  calling,  by  reflex  action, 
on  the  appropriate  muscles  to  expel  the  contents 
of  the  visciis.     It  is  not  accomplished  solely  by 
the  contraction  of  the  stomach,  as  was  for  a  Long 
time  believed.     That  organ,  indeed,  assists  in  the 

•:  hut  the  main  cause  is  the  com; 
exerted  upon  the  parietes  of  the  viscus  by  the 
diaphragm  ami  abdominal  muscles.  Vomiting  is 
a  symptom  common  to  numerous  diseases.  At 
times,  it  is  sympathetic,  as  in  affections  of  the 
kidney,  uterus,  brain,  ic.  At  others,  it  is  symp- 
tomatic, as  in  gastritis,  peritonitis,  Ac.  When 
very  troublesome,  it  may  often  be  palliated  by 
effervescent  draughts,  aromatics,  sinapisms,  or 
•blisters  to  the  epiLra>tric  region.  &c. 

Vovrrnra  at  Pleasure,   Regurgitation  —  v. 

1.    Sssmatemesis  —  v.  Stercuraceous,  Co- 

VOMITIO,  Vomiting — v.  Sanguinis,  ILtmate- 
mesis. 

VOMTTIUM,  Vomiting 

VOMITO  NEGRO,  Fever,  yellow  — v.  Prieto, 
Fever,  yellow. 

VOMITORIUM,  Emetic. 

VOMITORY,  Emetic. 

VOMTTUM,  Vomiting. 

Vi  i.M  ITl  'KITTON,  Vomitnrit"io,Eme*'irt,  D;j- 
gemcs'ia,  Sttbver'sio  ttom'acki.  Same  etymon  as 
Vomiting.  Ineffectual  efforts  to  vomit ;  Vomem'- 
di  conn' men  ina'ni,  Retching,  Reaching,  Head- 
ing, (Old  Eng.)  Bolhe,  (Se.)  Bole,  Bock,  Braking. 
Some  authors  mean,  by  this  term,  a  vomiting  of 
but  little  matter,  or  that  which  is  effected  almost 
without  effort.  The  first  acceptation  is  the  most 
general. 

VOMITUS,  Vomiting— v.  Cruentus,  Ihemate- 
mesis — v.  Fa?culentus,  Copremesis —  v.  Marinas, 
I  marina — v.  NaYlgantinm,  Nausea  marina 
— v.  Niger,  Fever,  yellow — v.  Pitoitosus,  Blenne- 
raesis — v.  Profosos,  Hyperemesis — v.  Purulentus, 
Pyemesil — r.  Sanguinis,  llicmatemesis — v.  Ster* 

•arc. 

VOTIVE  TABLET,  Tabula  rotira. 
V0UACA1M  A    AMERICANA,   Seoftrma  in- 

ermis. 

V0U8SURE  PRECORDIALS,  '  Prrccor- 
dial  arching  or  prominence."  The  elevation  or 
nrching  of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax,  witnessed 
in  certain  thoracic  affections,  as  in  hypertrophy 
of  the  heart. 

Vol'  TK.  Vault  —  r.  M/dmBaire,  Corpus  cal- 
losam — r.  d  Troit  i  rnix. 

VOWEL,   Yoca'lis,  from  Latin  vox,  vocia,  'the 


voice,'  and  soeo,  »to  call.'    (F.)  Vogelie.     Physi- 

ly,  a  continuous  breath  or  sound,  produced 
in  the  glottis  :  but  more  or  less  modified  by  the 
form  of  the  vocal    tube,  through  which    it 

pass,     [n  the  English  language,  a, «,  /. 
and  y,  . 

VOX,  Voice  —  v.  Choi  e,  ebolerie — 

v.  Clangoaa,  Oxyphonia  —  t.  Coarulsiva,  Voix 
Couwnleint — v.  Naaalis,  Rhinophonia — v.  Rsuca, 
Raueedo,  Raucous  voice — v.  Raucisona,  Raucous 
voice. 

VO  TELLE,  Vowel. 

VII'..  Vision  —  v.  Baste,  Myopia  —  w.  Oourte, 
Myopia —  v.  Diume,  Hemeralopia  —  v.  to, hie, 
Amblyopia  —  r.  Longue,  Presbytia  —  r.  Louche, 
Strabismus— v.  Nocturne,  Nyctalopia. 

VULGA,  Vulva. 

VULNERA  BCLOPETARIA,  see  Wound  — 
v.  a  Bclopetis,  see  Wound. 

YULNERAIRE,   Vulnerary —  p. 
Falltranck. 

VULNERARIUS,  Traumatic. 

V  1  I.  .\  V.  l;  a  RY,    Vulnera'riue,    Traumat'icmt, 
Traumat'ie,  from  vulnue,  i 
VuMraire.     A  name  ap]  lied  by  the  am 
medicines,  which  they  considered   capable  of  fa- 
vouring the  consolidation  of  wounds.     The  pro- 
perty baa  been  ascribed  to  various  plants. 

VULNERATIO  NEIIVI,  Neoroti 

VULNERDM  VINCTURA,  Deligation. 

VULNUS,  Wound  —  v.  Laceratum,  see  Lace- 
ration —  v.  Selopetarinm,  "Wound,  gun-shot  —  v. 
Simplex,  Cut. 

VULNUSCULUM,  Wound. 

VULPIS  M0RB1  S,  Alopecia. 

VUL  TUEUX  i  P.),  VuUuo'eue.  Corrieart  has 
used  the  expression.  Fad  vultneuee,  Fa'cie*vnl~ 
tito's,,,  for  the  face  when  it  is  more  florid  and 
swollen  than  in  the  natural  .-tate.  This  appear- 
ance, which  is  obserred  in  active  aneurism  of  the 
heart,  according  to  Corrisart,  is  owing  to  the 
afflux  of  blood  into  the  arterial  capillaries,  and 
hence  differs  from  the  livid  and  swollen 
ance  caused  by  the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the 
venous  capillaries,  constituting  the  i 

VULTUS,  Countenance,  Face — v.  Tetricus  et 
Moestus,  seythropasmus. 

VULVA.' Uterus,  see  Vulva. 

Vfi.VA.  volva   (formerly,  the  uterus,  especially 
of  animals).     Hortue,  Cnnnue,  Puden'dum 
bri,  Sum*  pudo'ria,  Fctar,  Ckoiroe,  Arvum,  Bncca, 
Bulgaj  Cadnr'cna,  Citato*,  Femen,An'nulua,  Femur 
mtmmum,  FolHc'uhu,  Fundus,  Gre'mium,  Hia'tua. 


L'iiiii' 


Oppid'nlum, 


Cymba,  Cyath    i,  &  .  Clitor'ium,  Ot'tii 

am,  Ampkicaue'tia,  Concha,  Porcua,  Porh  . 
femin'enm,  Mulie'bria,   Fotea   magna   muh'e'brie, 
Epieei'on,  Ee'ckara,  Hor'tnlua  eupid'inie,  I 
Hoc,     Byeetta,    Cava,    Caver1  na,    Delpkya,    f>>/tn, 
Gynesee'um,     Loci    mulie'brea,     Female 
pnden'dum,    Femnla    organs   of  generatu  \,    /'-- 
male  i>«rtH,  (F.)  Vnlve.     A  longitudinal  opening 
between  the  projecting  parts  of  the  external   or- 
•  generation  in  the  female,  extending  from 
the  mons  veneris  to   the  perineum,  and  which   is 
called,    also,    Foaaa    magna.       Some    anatomists 
mean,  by  this  term,  the   whole  of  the  external 
genital    organs  of  the  female:  —  mons   \ 
labia  majors,  ami  the  cleft  or  vestibule  Sep  uating 
them;  the  clitoris ;  nymphs;  meatus  urinaria*; 
entrance  of  the   vagina:   with   the  hymen   or  the 
earunculsB   myrtiformes,   fossa  navicular 
fourchette. 

Vulva,  Fora'men  eommu'nt  ante'riue, 
Ad'itua  i"l  infundib'ulum,  I.  sen  Ad'itua  ad  itr'. 
■  ifrii-'ii/ntn,  li'iiti"  ad  infundib'ulum,  Aper- 
tn'ra     anterior    vcntric'uli    (cr'tii    Cer'ebri.      An 


VULVA  IRE 


9*4 


WATER 


opening  situate  at  the  junction  of  the  optic  tha- 
lami,  in  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain,  and  im- 
mediately beneath  the  anterior  crus  of  the 
fornix. 

Yi'LYAIRE.  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 
VULVAR,  Vulva'ris,  from  vulva.    That  which 
relates  to  the  vulva.     Chaussier  gives  this  name 


to  the  external  pudic  arteries,  because  they  arc 
distributed  to  the  vulva. 

VULVARIA,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVE,  Vulva. 

V  ULVI'TIS,  a  hybrid  word,  from  vulva,  and  itit; 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  vulva. 

VULVO-UTERINE  CAKAL.  Vagina, 


w 


WABRAN  LEAVES,  Plantago. 
WAD,  Graphites. 
WAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 
WAIR,  see  Pila  marina. 

WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT,  Indu'cula,  (F.)  Ca-  \\ 
misole,  Gi let  de  force.  A  dress,  used  for  restrain- 
ing maniacs,  or  those  labouring  under  violent 
delirium.  It  has  long  sleeves,  which  are  tied 
behind  the  body,  so  that  the  arms  cannot  be  ex- 
tricated from  them.  It  ought,  of  course,  to  be 
made  of  very  resisting  materials. 

WAKE-ROBIN,  Arum  maculatum,  Trillium 
latifolium. 

WALE,  Wheal. 

WALKING,  Gressns,  Tnces'sus,  Deambuht'tio, 
Ambula'iio,  Bad'isis,  (F.)  La  Jfarche,  Progres- 
sion. Sax.  Pealcan,  'to  walk.'  The  action  by 
which  we  change  place,  by  means  of  a  succession 
of  steps  in  the  same  direction.  In  walking  for- 
wards, the  centre  of  gravity  is  constantly  altered  ; 
and  a  series  of  small,  parabolic  curves  is  de- 
scribed on  the  heads  of  the  thigh-bones,  the  ex- 
tent of  which  is  regulated  by  volition,  under  the 
guidance  of  vision. 

WALLA'CHIA.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  are  many  excellent  sulphureous  springs  in 
this  country,  especially  those  at  Bobotsch,  Fin- 
ceschti,  Sibitschiudi  Suz,  Br'asa,  Otschin,  Serbo- 
neschte,  Kimpalungi,  Kosia.  and  Oloneschti,  Cha- 
lybeate and  saline  springs  have,  also,  been  found 
at  Sibitschiudi  Suz. — Siller. 

WALLFLOWER,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 
WALLRUE.  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 
WALL-TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
WALNUT,  Juglans  regia — w   Black,  Juglans 
regia  —  w.  White,  Juglans  cinerea. 

WALTHE'RIA  DOURADINHA.  A  plant 
of  Brazil,  Order,  Stereuliaceae,  which  is  used 
there  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  and  in  venereal 
affections.     It  is  a  demulcent. 

WALTON,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF.     A 
mineral  spring  near  Tewkesbury,  in  Gloucester- 
shire, England.     It  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate. 
WAMPEE.  Peltandra  Virginica. 
WANGTEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
WANT,  from  past  participle  of  Sax.  panian, 
•  to  wane/  '  to  fall  away.'    '  Need  of  that  which  is 
necessary.'    (F.)  Besoin.    This  word  is  sometimes 
used   to    express   the   imperious  necessity  which 
impels  us  to  take  food,  drink,  &e.     (See  Hunger 
and  Thirst.)     In  a  more  general  sense,  it  means 
the  impressions  transmitted  by  the  organs  to  the  | 
brain,  when  it  is  necessary  that  they  should  act:  j 
these  wants  are  called  instinctive  desires  and  in-  j 
tenia/  sensations  or  stimuli.     Such  are  the  desires  ' 
or  wants   to  eat,  drink,  void   the   urine,  breathe  \ 
(besnin  de  respirer),  Ac. 

W  \.vt.  in  the  sense  of  indigence,  (L.)  Egestas,  \ 

Indiyen'tia,  is  the  cause  of  a  number  of  diseases.  I 

WARBURG'S  FEVER-DROPS,  see  Bebeeru.  ; 

WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR  THE  HEADACH,  j 

Linimentum  camphora?  coinpositum  —  w.  White 

Drops,  see  Hydrurgyri  nitras. 


WARE,  see  Pila  marina. 

WAR1S0N.  Stomach. 

WARK,  Pain. 

WARMBRl  NN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Much  frequented  springs  in  Silesia,  about  a 
league  from  Hirschberg.  They  are  thermal,  95° 
to  100°  Fah.,  ar.d  are  chiefly  used  as  baths.  The 
impregnating  materials  are  carbonate  of  soda, 
sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  sulphohydric 
acid  gas. 

WARM  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral  wa- 
ters of.  and  Virginia,  Mineral  waters  of. 

WARNERA  CANADENSIS,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

WARRENTON  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  min- 
eral waters  of. 

WART,  Verruca  —  w.  Corneous,  Cornu  —  w. 
Moist,  Acrothymion. 

WARTY,  1  er'mcose,  Yer'rucous,  Yerrnco'sus, 
from  Sax.  peapt.  Full  of  warts.  Resembling, 
relating,  or  belonging  to  warts. 

Warty  Tumour  of  Cicatrices.  A  name  given 
by  Mr.  Howship  to  the  tumour,  which  sometimes 
appears  on  an  old  scar,  many  years,  perhaps,  after 
the  injury  that  caused  it.  The  ulcer,  formed 
under  such  circumstances,  has  been  called  the 
warty  ulcer  of  Marjolin  —  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  that  surgeon. 

WASH,  BLACK,  see  Hvdrargyri  submurias  — 
w.  Phagedenic,  see  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  w. 
Preventive,  Lotion,  Hannny's  —  w.  Red,  Lotio 
rubra,  and  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates  —  w. 
White,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  diiulus —  w. 
Yellow,  see  Hvdrargvri  oxvmurias. 

W  ASHEB  W  0  M  A  N  '  S  SCALL,  Psoriasis 
diffusa. 

WASHITAW  SPRINGS,  see  Arkansas,  min- 
eral enters  of. 

WASP,  Vespa,  Sphea-,  (F.)  Guepe.  A  genus 
of  gregarious  insects,  like  the  bee  and  the  ant. 
They  are  armed  with  a  sting,  which  pours  a  poi- 
sonous fluid  into  the  puncture  made  by  it.  (See 
Poisons,  Table  of.)  The  best  application  is  the 
sp.  ammonias  aromaticus,  or  some  preparation  of 
ammonia. 

WASSERBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wasserburg  is  a  town  of  Bavaria,  seated  on  the 
Inn,  28  miles  east  of  Munich.  The  water,  called, 
also,  Aqua  Aga'tii,  contains  carbonic  acid:  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  magnesia  :  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia:  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
soda  and  oxide  of  iron. 

WASSERKUR,  Hvdrosudotherapeia. 

WASTING,  Consumption,  Tabes. 

WrATER,  Sax.  piezep,  (G.)  W  a  s  s  e  r  ,  Aqua, 
Hydor,  'ucwp,  Alma,  (F.)  Eau,  Protox'ide  of  hy- 
drogen. Water  was  at  one  time  regarded  as  a 
simple  element.  It  is  now  known  to  consist  of 
eight  parts  by  weight  of  oxygen,  and  one  of  hy- 
drogen. It  freezes  at  32°,  and  boils  at  212  of 
Fahrenheit;  and  is  taken  as  the  unit  in  ill  ta- 
bles of  specific  gravity  of  sulid  and  liquid  &ub- 


W  A  T  E  R 


,  •> 


W  A  T  E  R 


stances.  Water,  as  we  meet  with  it,  is  very  dif- 
ferent in  its  state  of  purity  :  generally,  it  contains 
■mall  quantities  of  saline  matter;  at  other  times, 
a-water  and  mineral  waters,  it  is  largelj 
Impregnated.  The  characters  of  water,  as  met 
with  under  ordinary  circumstances,  are  well  com- 

by  Celsus,  "Aqua  tevieeima  plmvialu  eet; 
deinde  fontaua  j  turn  ear  Jlmmine  ;  U 
pout  hate  ex  aire,  nut  glad*  :  gravior  hit  ex  laeu  ; 

n'Mci  ex  palude,"     Pure  water  is  one  of  the 
uents  that  can  be  used.     When  cold,  and 

illy  when  iced,  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
mis:  and,  in  the  form  of  the  cold,  tepid, 

inn  hath,  it  is  serviceable  in  numerous 
disss 

WATBB  OF  AiX-LA-Cb  LPBLLE,  see  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle  —  w.  Allflower,   (Jrine,  cows'  —  w.  Alum, 

-.  Liquor  alumin'u  oompositus  —  w.  of  car- 
bonate of  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammonia  Bubcarbo- 
J1;l,is — w.  Anise,  sec  Pimpinella  anianm  —  w.  Ap- 
ple,  Apple-tree — w.  Barley,  Decoctum  hordeL 

Water  Bid,  Hgdroetat'ie  bed,  A  bed,  con- 
trived hy  Dr.  Arnott,  which,  in  consequence  of  its 
being  placed  on  water,  is  well  adapted  for  the 
bedridden. 

Water,  Bixelli,  Aqua  Binellii. 

Water  oi  Bitteb  Almohdb,  Aqua  Amygdala- 
rum  coiicentrata. 

W  vi  ku  Blebs,  Pemphigns— w.  Brash,  Pyrosis. 

Waikk,  Brocchibri,  Aqua  Brocchietii  —  w. 
Camphor,  Mistura  Camphora. 

Watbb  Cankkk,  Cancer  aquations. 

Watbb,  Caraway,  see  Carum  carui —  w. 
Caraway,  strong,  Spiritua  carui  —  w.  of  Cassia, 
urns  I  Sassia. 

Watbb  Castbb,  see  Uromantia. 

Watbb,  Chbrbt  Laurel,  see  Primus  lanro- 

18— W.   Chicken,   Chicken-tea — w.  Chlorine, 
see  Chlorine — w.  Cinnamon,  Anna  oinnamomi  — 
w.  Cinnamon,  Btrong,  Bpiritns  oinnamomi  —  w. 
one. 
Water  Ci  re,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 
W  itbb,  dill,  see  Anethum  graveolens. 
Water,  Distil'lbd,  Aqua  deetilla'ta,(Y.)  Eau 
.  ffydrolat,  Holg   Water,  is  generally  or- 
in   extemporaneous  prescriptions,  hat  is 

used.  In  sonic  cases,  however,  it  is  abso- 
lu!  >ly  necessary;  —  the  water,  containing  any  sa- 
il] •  impregnation — hard  water,  for  example — de- 
com poses  certain  Bubstances.  Distilled  water  has 
recommended  as  a  diet-drink  in  cancerous 
affections  ;  and  it  is  used  in  the  religious  ceremo- 
Catholio  church.     In  the  Pharmaoo- 

f  the  United  States,  it  is  directed  to  be 
made  as  follows:  —  Take  of  water,  ten  gallons. 
First  distil  two  pints,  and  throw  them  away  : 
then  distil  eight  gallons.  Keep  the  distilled  wa- 
ter in  glssi  hottles. 

DittilUd  wafers,  (P.)  Hudrolate,  consist  of 
common  water,  charged  by  distillation  with  the 
volatile  principles  of  medicinal  agents.  See 
Aqnse  deslillatss. 


Wat.  r  imsntia, 

WaTKR-DKER8I>'G.      The    treatment    of    ■ 
and  ulcers  by  the  application  of  water,     [l 
rally  oonsists  in  dipping  folds  of  lint  in  water, 
and   placing  them  on  the  pan  :  —  the  whole  hcing 
covered  with  mled  .-ilk,  elastic  gum,  or  s] 
piline.      Water  ttrappiug  or  /<•«/  ttrappiug  means 
the    treatment    of   ulcers,   and    certain    cutaneous 
affection!   of  the   extremities.  Ac,  wiih    .-trips   of 
linen  or  cotton  saturated  with  water. 

Wati  r,  Mi  i'ii:,  see  Sarabucus  — w.  Epileptic, 
of  Langius,  Langii  aqua  epileptica  —  w.  Feunel, 
Aqua  fosnieulL 

Watbb  Flag,  Yi  mow,  [rU  pseudaoorus. 

Watbb,  Florida, —  a  celebrated  perfume, — 
may  be  made  of  Of.  Bergami  f^iv j  7tnct.  6*a- 
zoin.  r.  fJij  :  Alcohol,  cong. 

Watbrfkight,  Hydrophobia. 

Watbb,  Got  lard,  Liquor  plnmbi  Bnbacetatis 
dilutus. 

Watbb,  Hard.  Common  water,  which  de- 
compose* and  curdle-  soap  :  in  contradistinction 
to  *,,n  water, which  is  readily  miscible  with  soap. 
The  hardness  of  water  depends  upon  the  pre- 
sence in  it  of  earthy  salts,  the  most  common  of 
which  is  sulphate  of  lime. 

Watbb,  Hell,  see  Toddy. 
Watbb,  Holy,  Water,   distilled — vr.  Honey, 
see  Mel. 

WATBB  in  the  Hbad,  Hydrocephalus. 
Watbb,  Hungary,  Bpiritns  rosmarini. 

W  ITER  .'  AGS,  BOC  Varicella. 

Water,  Lake,  Aqua  ex  laeu,  (F.)  E<m  de  lac, 
U  apt  to  he  impure,  from  decayed  animal  and 
vegetable  matters.  A  great  deal  will,  however, 
depend  upon  the  magnitude  of  the  collection, 
and  the  degree  of  stagnation. 

Watbr,  Laurel,  see  Prnnne  lauro-cerasus  — 
W.  Lavender,  Spiritus  lavanduUe  —  w.  Lead,  Li- 
quor plumhi  suhacetatis  dilutus  —  w.  Lemonpeel, 
see  Lemonpeel  Tea — w.  Lime.  Liquor  oalcis — w. 
Lime,  compound.  Liquor  calcis  compositus  —  w. 
Magnesia,  aerated,  Magnesia,  fluid — w.  Magnesia, 
carbonated.  Magnesia,  thud. 

Water,  Marsh,  Aqua  paludo'sa,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Maruie,  is  the  most  impure  of  all.  It  is  generally 
more  stagnant,  and  of  course  more  loaded  with. 
decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  matters. 

Watbb,  Medicated,  see  Aquae  medicata*. 

Water,  MlNBRAL,  Aqua  miner  a' lie  sen  *a!u'- 
hrit  sen  mediea'ta  sen  Sote'ria,  Font  taluta'ri* 
sen  mediea'tut  ten  tote'riue,  (F.)  Eau  mintrale  ou 
midieinale  naturelle.  Water,  holding  in  solution 
different  saline  and  gazeous  Bubstances  in  suffi- 
cient quantity  to  be  possessed  of  medicinal  pro- 
perties, orofs  temperature  different  from  that  of 
the  ordinary  springs  of  the  country. 

The  following  Tahle  by  Dr.  l'ereira  exhibits 
the  composition  of  some  of  the  principal  mineral 
waters. 


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WATER 


97 


WATER 


Mineral  waters  may  be  divided  into  four 
classes:  —  1.  Gazeous  or  Acidulous.  2.  Chaly- 
beate. 3.  Saline.  4.  Sulphureous.  These  may 
he  thermal,  or  cold, — natural,  or  artificial. 
Many  of  these  divisions,  however,  run  into  each 
other:  some  of  the  substances,  which  they  hold 
dissolved,  belonging  to  one  class  as  well  as  to 
another. 

1.  Ga'zeou8,  Acid'ulous  or  Car'bonated  Min'- 
eral  Waters,  Soda  or  Beer  Springs,  Aquae  mitie- 
ra'les  acid'ida,  (F.)  Eanx  mine'rales  gazeuses  ou 
acidules.  The  waters  referred  to  this  class  are 
those  that  contain  carbonic  acid  gas  in  such 
quantity  as  to  communicate  to  it  certain  sensi- 
ble qualities,  "Waters  impregnated  with  free  car- 
bonic acid,  sparkle  when  drawn  from  the  spring, 
or  when  poured  into  a  glass.  They  have  a  sharp, 
acidulous  taste  ;  but  become  vapid  from  exposure 
to  the  air.  Along  with  the  carbonic  acid,  there 
are  generally  present  portions  of  saline,  earthy 
or  metallic  matter,  chiefly  carbonates  of  lime, 
magnesia,  and  iron.  Waters,  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid  gas,  are  grateful  to  the  sto- 
mach; increase  the  appetite,  and  are  diuretic; 
hence,  their  utility  in  dyspepsia,  hypochondria- 
sis, and  goufe  Their  properties  are,  of  course, 
modified  by  the  saline  matter  that  may  be  also 
contained  in  them.  The  most  celebrated  amongst 
the  acidulous  waters  are  those  of  Bar,  Chateldon, 
St.  Myon,  Mont  d'Or,  Langeac,  Seltzer,  Schlan- 
genbad,  Sultzmatt,  Pyrmont,  Spa,  Carlsbad, 
Cheltenham,  Scarborough.  Saratoga,  Ballston, 
and  the  Sweet  Springs  of  Virginia. 

2.  Chalyb'eate  or  Ferru'ginous  Mineral  Waters, 
Aquce  minera'les  ferrugino'scp.  seu  Chalybea'tae 
seu  }fartia'les  seu  Ferro'sce,  Ghalybope'  gee,  Chalu- 
boltre'nce,  Siderope'gce,  Siderokre' na>.,  (F.)  Eanx 
viinerales  ferrugineuses,  contain  iron  —  sulphate, 
chloride  or  carbonate,  generally  the  latter — held 
in  solution  by  an  excess  of  acid.  Chalybeate 
waters  have  a  peculiar  styptic  taste.  They  are 
transparent  when  taken  from  the  spring:  but, 
when  exposed  for  some  time  to  the  air,  a  pellicle 
forms  on  the  surface,  and  a  deposite  of  the  iron 
takes  place.  Chalybeate  waters  are  used  as 
tonics  in  debility  of  all  kinds:  in  all  cases,  in 
fact,  where  iron  is  considered  to  be  indicated. 
They  are  the  most  numerous  of  all  the  classes  of 
mineral  waters.  In  this  dictionary,  those  only 
are  specified  which  have  some  celebrity  :  yet  there 
are  about  one  hundred;  more  than  sixty  of  these 
being  saline,  and  forty  sulphureous.  The  most 
celebrated  chalybeates  are  those  of  Tunbridge, 
Scarborough,  Spa.  Bussang.  Forges,  Vichy,  Pyr- 
mont, Passy,  Provins.  and  Vals. 

3.  Saline  Mineral  Waters,  Aqucp.  minerales  na- 
li'nee,  Attnia  alcaliza'ta  (Paracelsus.)  Hydra Ivtee, 
(F.)  Faux  minerales  salines.  Waters,  holding  in 
solution  different  saline  substances  in  greater 
quantity  than  the  acidulous  waters.  They  differ 
in  properties,  according  to  the  salts  contained  in 
them.  The  salts  usually  present  are  sulphates, 
chlorides,  and  carbonates:  and  the  bases,  with 
which  the  acids  forming  these  are  combined,  are 
soda,  magnesia,  and  lime.  Saline  mineral  waters 
are  usually  aperient;  and  the  most  noted  are 
those  of  Seltzer.  Sedlitz.  Balaruc,  Bourbonne-les- 
Bains,  Baden,  Epsom,  Cheltenham.  <fcc. 

To  this  class  may  nlso  be  added  Sea  wafer. 

4.  Sufphu'reous  Mineral  Waters,  Aquce  mine- 
rales  sulphn'rece ;  when  warm,  termed  Theio- 
thermae.  Theiope'gce,  Theother'rnce,  Fontes  sulpha' 
rei  cal'idi,  (F.)  Faux  minerales  sulfureuses  ou 
s'tlfurees  ou  sulfurenxes  ou  hepatiques,  &c.  These 
waters  owe  their  distinguishing  character  to  an 
impregnation  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  are 
at  once  recognised  by  their  peculiar  fetid  smell. 
resembling  that  of  rotten  eggs.  They  usually 
contain    saline    substances,    which    modify  their 


powers.  From  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, they  are  useful  in  cutaneous  affections; 
and,  from  the  combined  action  of  this  and  the 
saline  matter,  they  are  valuable  agents  in  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  organs.  They  are  also 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions;  and  the  warm 
sulphur  baths  have  been  especially  celebrated  in 
such  cases,  as  well  as  in  rheumatic  affections. 
The  most  renowned  sulphureous  waters  are  those 
of  Bareges,  Bagneres-de-Luchon,  Cauterets,  Bon- 
nes, Aix  in  Savoy.  Aix-la-Cbapelle,  Enghien, 
Harrogate,  Moffat,  Virginia  Springs,  &c. 

Some  springs,  as  those  of  Bath,  Buxton,  Dax, 
Matlock,  Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  Virginia, 
<fec,  are  almost  pure  Thermal  Mineral  Waters. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  affec- 
tions; the  warmth  being  equable  during  the 
whole  period  the  individual  is  immersed  in  them  ; 
which  cannot  be  the  case  in  the  artificial  thermal 
bath. 

Water,  Mineral,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 

Waters,  Mineral,  Ap.tifical.  (F.)  Eanx 
minerales  artijicielles  ou  /actives.  These  are  imi- 
tations of  the  natural;  and  some  of  them  —  as 
the  factitious  Cheltenham  water,  and  Sedlitz 
water  —  answer  the  purpose  of  the  natural  water 
tolerably  well.  The  acidulous  and  chalybeate 
waters  are,  however,  most  easily  imitated. 

Water,  Nutmeg,  Spiritus  myristica?. 

Water  Pang,  Pyrosis — w.  Parsnep,  creeping, 
Sium — w.  Pennyroyal,  spirituous,  Spiritus  pulegii 
—  w.  Peppermint,  Aqua  menthaa  piperita?  —  w. 
Pimento,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Water  Pox,  see  Varicella. 

Water,  Protoxide  of  Nitrogen,  Aqua  nitro- 
genii  protoxydi. 

Water  Pirpie,  Veronica  beccabunga  —  w. 
Qualm,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Rain,  Aqua  pulvia' lis  seu  plu'ria  seu 
im'brium,  (F.)  Eau  de  pluie,  when  collected  at  a 
distance  from  houses  or  other  elevated  objects,  is 
the  purest  natural  water,  and  has  the  least  spe- 
cific gravity.  The  only  bodies  which  it  usually 
holds  in  solution,  are  carbonic  acid,  and  minute 
traces  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  chloride  of  cal- 
cium. 

Water,  Rice,  see  Oryza. 

Water,  River,  Aqua  fluviat'ilis,  is  derived 
from  the  conflux  of  numerous  springs  and  rain 
water.     It  is,  generally,  pretty  pure. 

Water,  Rose.  Aqua  rosae. 

Water,  Sea.  Aqua  Mari'na,  Humor  Dor' id-is, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Mer,  Eau  sale?.  This  contains 
chlorides  of  sodium,  magnesium,  and  calcium, 
and  sulphate  of  magnesia.  It  is  cathartic,  and 
forms  the  usual  glyster  at  sea.  It  makes  an  excel- 
lent tonic  bath:  superior  in  most  cases  —  especi- 
ally in  scrofula  —  to  the  fresh- water  bath. 

Water,  Searle's  Patent  Oxygenous  Aer- 
ated, Aqua  Nitrogenii  protoxydi  —  w.  Seyds- 
chiitz,  Sedlitz  water. 

Water  Shield,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Water,  Snow,  Aqua  niva'ta,  (F. )  Eau  de  neige, 
has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome.  It  ex- 
actly resembles  rain  water  in  composition,  and  is 
equally  salubrious. 

Water,  Soda,  Acidulous  water,  simple — w. 
Soft,  see  Water,  hard  —  w.  Spearmint,  Aqua 
mentha?  viridis. 

Water,  Spring,  Aqua  fonta'na.  Hydrope'ge, 
(F.)  Eau  de  fontaine,  contains,  in  addition  to  the 
substances  detected  in  rain  water,  more  or  less 
sulphate  of  lime.  When  this  is  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  curdle  soap,  the  water  is  said  to  be 
hard ;  if  not,  soft.  Hard  wafer  is,  of  course, 
inferior  to  soft,  for  domestic  and  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

Water  Strapping,  see  Water  dressing. 

Water,    Styptic,    Sydenham's,    Solutio   sul- 


WATTWEILER 


979 


WEIGHTS 


phatis  cupri  composita — W.  Tar,  see  Pinus  fvlvc- 
tri>  —  W.    1  1st-  water. 

Watbb  Takgbt,  Bruenia  bydropeltia. 

Water,  Well,  Aqua  putea'li*  Ben  putee/na 
seu  ex  pu'teo,  (F.)  Earn  J>-  putt  on  </»  source,  Ui 
a-  spring  water,  hut  liable  to  impregna- 
tion, owing  to  the  land  springe  filtering  into  the 
welts,  and  conveying  imparities  into  tbem. 

Waters,  The,  Liqoor  Amnii — w.  Bag  of,  see 
Liquor  Amnii — w.  Diseharged  nr  broken,  Profusio 
aqnaa — w.  Distilled,  Aqna?  destillataa —  w.  1  irat, 
Primitiaa  —  w.  Green,  see  Lochia. 

WATTWEILER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wattweiler  is  a  small  town  in  the  department  of 
Haut-Rhin,  at  the  foot  of  the  Voegea.  The  wa- 
ters are  acidulous  ehalybeates,  and  contain  car- 
bonates of  iron,  lime,  and  soda,  chloride  of 
Sodium,  and  free  carbonic  arid. 

WAX,  Cera — w.  Bar,  Cerumen. 

WAX.  MYRTLE.     A  wax  obtained  from  the 

fruit  of  Myri'ca  cerifera.    It  has  been  prescribed 
atery. 

Wax,  Fellow  litd  White,  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

WAXING  KERNELS,  Waxen-kernels, 
coi'ticp,  (P.J  Croissancee,  Croissants,  Qlandei  de 
eroissanee,  A  popular  term  for  small  tumours, 
formed  by  an  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic 
glands — in  the  groins  of  children  particularly. 
They  have  been  looked  upon  as  connected  with 
the  growtb  of  the  body, — hence  their  name. 

WAY,  ."ixon  p8ej,  Via,  Passage,  Odoa,  (F.) 
Yuie.     A  name  given  to  different  canals. 

WAYBREAD,  Plantago  major. 

WAYS,  DIGES'TIVE,  Digestive  Pas'snyes, 
Prima  Vice,  (F.)  Voiee  digestivee,  Premie'ret 
are  the  series  of  hollow  organs  of  digestion,  com- 
posed of  mouth,  oesophagus,  stomach,  and  small 
and  large  intestines.  The  term  is  often  restricted 
to  the  first  three  of  these. 

Way-.    Becond,    Second    Passages,    Secun'dcs 
rite,  (F.)  Second**  voiee,  comprise  the  chyliferous, 
lymphatic  and  blood  vessels. 
*  WEAKSIGHTEDNESS,  Asthenopia. 

WB  \b.  Wheal. 

WEAM,  Abdomen,  Uterus. 

WEAM-ILL,  Colic. 

WEANING,    from    Saxon  renan,  'to  wean;' 

Ablacta'tio,    Apogalactis'mns,    (1'rov.)    Spaning, 

rrni/e.     The   act   of  depriving   the   infant, 

permanently,  of  the  breast,  in   order  to  feed  it  on 

other  and  more  solid  nourishment. 

WBAHIRfl  BRASH,  see  Brash,  weaning. 

WEARING,  Consumption. 

WEATHERCOCKS,  Impatiens. 

WEB,  Caligo,  Pterygium  —  w.  Muscular,  Pan- 
nieulus  earn 

WEB- EYE,  Caligo. 

WEBBED  PINGERS,  Dactylion. 

WEBERIAN  CORPUSCLE,  see  Ejaeulatory 
Ducts  —  w.  Organ,  see  Ejaeulatory  Duct-. 

WEDGED,  (D.)  wegghe,  Tncln'sus,  /»*«'- 
reim,  (P.)  Eftfilavi.     The  bend  of  the  foetus  is  said 


• 


weag 


/,r  ,(,  locked 


tpacted  in   the  pelvis, 


when  it  remains  fixed,  notwithstanding  the  ute- 
ffurts. 

The  condition  is  called  Tncunea'tio  seu  Incltt- 
v  i 'tin  futtiH.  Spheno'eie,  (F.)  Enslavement.  See 
ParagompboMe. 

WEEBO,  Senecin  Jacobsea. 

WEED,  Bee  !\ T : » - 1 i t i -  —  W.  Arrow,  Sagittaria  va- 
riabilis—  w.  Beetle,  Galas  apbylla —  w.  Breast, 
Saururus  eernua — -w.  in  the  Breast,  see  Ma  8- 
w.  Butter,  Brigeron  Canadense  —  w.  ('.ni- 
cer. Gfiodyern  pubencens  —  w.  Dyer's,  I 
luteola — w.  Field,  Anth  i    -w.  Horse, 


Eri:_reron  Canadense — w.  Horsefly,  Sophora  tine- 
toria  —  w.  Milk,  Apocynum  androsasmifolium — 
w.  Phthisis,  Ludwigia  palustris  —  w.  Pride.  Bri- 

geron  Canadense — w.  Silver,   Potentillfl  .m-erina 

—  w.  Soldiers',  Matico  —  w.  Thimble,  lludbeckia 

laciniata  —  w.  Wind,  Aselepias  tui  ■ 
WEEPING,  PletUS— W.  Tear,  Tear. 

N  BESEL,  Trachea. 

WEID,  see  Mastitis. 

WEIGHT,  from  Saxon,  paejan,  'to  weigh  ^ 
eeanteur.      A    sensation    of    beavil 
pressure   over   the  whole    body,  or  over  a   part  — 
the  stomach  or  head,  for  example. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES,  Pon'dera  et 
Meneu'ra,  (F.)  Poide  et  Mieuree.  The  importance 
of  possessing  B  uniform  system  of  weights  and 
measures  has  impressed  the  scientific  of  all  coun- 
tries, and  numerous  endeavours  have  been  made 
to  accomplish  the  object.  It  is,  however,  a  mat- 
ter of  considerable  difficulty,  and  one  not  likely 
to  be  attained.  The  new  French  Pleasures  are 
upon  decidedly  the  best  footing,  but  they  are  not 
adopted  out  of  France.  The  greatest  diversity 
prevails  over  Europe  in  the  measures,  both  of 
weight  and  capacity.  Some  of  the  following 
tables  will  show,  that  every  subdivision  of  the 
pound,  as  well  as  the  pound  itself,  differs  in  Eng- 
land and  in  France. 

WEIGHTS. 

Troy  Weiyht,  n«  used  by  the  British  Aj,othecarien. 
— Pondus  phamiaceu'ticum  seu  medicinale. 

The  pound    lb  ]  (  12  ounces. 

The  ounce      5    |  [      8  drachms. 

The  drachm  jZ  }  contains  \     '.'>  scruples. 
The  scruple  y    |  j   20  grains. 

The  grain    gr.  J 

These,  and  the  signs  by  which  they  are  denoted, 
are  the  same  in  all  the  British  Pharmacopoeias, 
as  well  as  in  the  American. 

lb.         Oz.     Drachms.  Scrup.  Grs. 

1    =     12    =    96    =    288     =  5760 

1     =      8    =      24    =  480 

1    =        3    =  60 

1    =  20 

Poide  de  Jrarc. 

The  pound    "1  f  16  ounces. 

The  ounce  J    8  drachms. 

The  drachm  J- contains-'    S  scruples. 
The  scruple    [  24  grains. 


The  grain 


Avoirdupois. 


J'dutxI. 

Ounces.  1 

hrachme.  Troy  /trains. 

lb.  1. 

—     16     = 

256     = 

1     = 

16     =      4.-.  ■"> 

W375 


The  avoirdupois  drachm  is  sometimes  divided 
into  three  scruples,  nnd  the  scruj  ie  into  ten 
grains.  The  pound  of  7<iS0  grain-  iivoirdupois 
=  7000  grains  troy,  and  hence  1  grain  troy  — 
'97  grain  avoirdupois. 

The  Poide  de  Blare  is  that  employed  by  the 
French  Pharmacicns,  when  the  new  weights  «TC 
not.  The  Avoirdupois  is  now  used  by  the  Dublin 
College. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  relative  value 
of  the  old  French  and  English  weights: 

Bride  de  Marc    Troy  Wt  Avoird.  Trougn, 

1  pd  (Www)  =  1*812*810    =  l-080143a 

los.(once)    =     '9848040*  =  l-OSOliSos  =    47: 

1  dr.  (pro*.)  =    ■9M504dr=  69-0703128 

1  gr.  —  -&2U421 


WEIGHTS 


980 


WEIGHTS 


Troy.  Poids  de  Marc.        French  grains. 

1  pound  =      0-761S0/6.  =       7561 

1  ounce  =       1-01574  once  =z        585-083 

1  drachm  =      101574  gros  =  73-135 

1  gr<un  1-219 

Avoirdupois.  Foids  de  Marc.        French  grains. 

1  pound        =r       0-925803  lb.         —        8532-3 
1  ounce         =       0-925S03  once     —  533-27 

To   convert  French   grains   into  Troy  ~| 

grains,  divide  by  I       -1.9-ioq 

"  Troy  grains   into   French  [ 

grains,  multiply  by  J 

"  French   ounces  into  Troy  "\ 

ounces,  divide  by  ,  n,  —  q, 

"  Troy  ounces   into"  French  f      1  w** 

*  ounces,  multiply  by         ) 

"  French  pounds   (poids  de  "1 

marc)  into  Troy  pounds.   | 
multiply  by  '   j-      1-31268 

"  Troy  pounds  into  French 

pounds,  divide  by  J 

Foids  de  Marc  or 

Troy  grain.  French  grain. 

1  =  1-219 

2  =  2-438 

3  =  3-657 

4  =  4876 

5  =  6-095 

6  =  7-314 

7  =  8-533 

8  =  9-752 

9  =  10-971 

French  grain.  Troy  grain. 

1  =  0-8203 

2  =  1-6406 

3  =  2-4609 

4  =  8-2812 

5  =  4-1015 

6  =  4-9218 

7  =  5-7421 

8  =  6-5624 

9  =  7-3S27 

Jfetc  French  Decimal  or  Metrical  Weights. 

Troy  grains. 

Milligramme     —  -0154 

Centigramme    =  -1543 

Decigramme       =  1-5434 

Gramme             =  15-4340              lb.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Decagramme      =  154*3402     =002     34-4 

Hectogramme    =  1543-4023     =       0    3    1     444 

Kilogramme      =  15434-0234     =      2    8    1    24 

Myriagramme  =  154340-2344    —    26    9    6      0 

Comparative  Value  of  the  French  Medicinal 
Pound  and  that  of  other  Places. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Germanv 0  15  4  48 

Amsterdam 1  00  0  42 

Belsium 1  00  0  42 

Berne 1  00  0  00 

Copenhagen 0  15  3  20^ 

Florencef. 0  11  0  50    divided  into  12  oz. 

Genoa 0  10  5  60        do.      into  12  oz. 

Geneva 1  00  0  18 

Hamburg 0  15  2  15 

Lisbon 0  15  7  6S 

London 0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Madrid 0  15  0  16 

Milan 0  9  3  00 

Monaco 0  15  2  23 

Naples 0  10  7  54    divided  into  12  oz. 

Paris  1  00  0  00    divided  into  16  oz. 

Rome 0  11  0  50        do.      into  12  oz. 

Stockholm 0  13  7  8 

United  States  ...  0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Warsaw  1  10  4  24 

Tenice 0  8  6  00 

Tienna 1  2  2  32 

MEASURES    OF    CAPACITY. 

English  Measure  of  Fluids. 


The  gallon  (congius). 

The  pint  ^octarius) . .  0 

The  fi b lidmi  nee fjf 

The  fiuidrachm f  % 

The  minim ttl, 


contains  <( 


f  8  pints. 
16  fluidounces. 
8  fluidrachms. 
60  minims. 


Proportions  of  the  Apothecaries'  andWine  Gallon. 

Gal.  Pints.    Fluidoz.      Fluidr.      Minims.    Cub.  inches. 
1     =    8    =    128    =     1024     =     61440     =     231 

1     =      16     =      128    =      7680     =      28-875 

1     =  8     =        480=         1-8047 

1     =  60     = 


Imperial  Jfeasure,  adopted   by  tne   London   Col- 
lege in  their  Pharmacopoeia  of  1836. 

Gallon.       Pints.    Fluidounces.    Fluidr.  Minims. 

1       =      8      =       LC0      =      12S0  =  76800 

1       =         20       =         160  =  9600 

1       =            8  =  480 

1  =  60 

Comparative     Value    of   the    Proportions    of  the 
Wine  and  Imperial  Gallons. 


Wine. 

Imperial. 

Pints.      Fluidoz.    Fluidr. 

Minims. 

1  gallon            =6               13 

2 

23 

1  pint                =                     16 

5 

18 

1  fluidounce     =                       1 

0 

20 

1  fiuidrachm    = 

1 

&A 

Imperial. 

Wine. 

Gallon.    Pint.    Fluidoz.  Fluidr 

Minims. 

1  gallon           =1             1 

9             5 

8 

1  pint               =                  1 

3            1 

38 

1  fluidounce    = 

7 

41 

1  fiuidrachm  = 

08 

French  Measures 

of  Capacity. 

English  cubic  inches. 

Wine  Measure. 

Millilitre      =              -061028 

=    16-2318  mi 

Dims. 

Centilitre     =             -610280 

—      2-7053  fluidrachms. 

Decilitre       =            6-102800 

=      3-3816  fluidounces. 

Litre             =          61-028000 

=      2-1135  pints. 

Decalitre       =         610280000 

=      2-6419  gallons. 

Hectolitre     =       6102  800000 

Kilolitre       =    61028-000000 

Myriahtre     =  6102SO-000000 

Approximate  comparison  beticeen  the  ancient 
French  Measures  of  Capacity,  and  the  neic, 
and  conversely. 

Grammes.     Litres.  Decilitres.  Centilitres. 
1  poisson        -=     125      or      0               1  2 

1  demi-setier  =     250      or      0  2  5 

1  chopine       —    500      or      0  5  0 

lpinie  —  1000     or     1  0  0 


Grammes,  lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 
1  centilitre  =  10  or  0  0  2%  00 
1  decilitre  =  100  or  0  3  2  00 
1  litre  —  1000  or  2    0    3      36 


[pints. 
2113  Eng.  wine 


I 


Measures  of  Length. 

Inches. 
1  line,  the  12th  part  of  an  inch. 

3  barleycorns  1-000 

A  palm  or  hand's  breadth  (Scripture  mea- 
sure)   3-648 

A  hand  (horse  measure") 4-000 

A  span  (Scripture  measure) 10-944 

Afoot 12000 

A  cubit  (Scripture    measure   for  common 

purposes^ 18-000 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  sacred  pur- 
poses)   21-888 

A  Flemish  ell 27-000 

A  yard 3  ft.  00 

An  English  ell 3  "   09 

A  fathom  or  toise 6  "  00 


New  French  Measures  of  Length. 

English  inches. 
Millimetre  0-039 

Centimetre  0-393 

Decimetre  3-937  yd.  ft.  inch. 

MCtre  39-371       =       1  *0  337 


WEIGHTS 


981 


WEIGHTS 


VALUES    OF    TI1F.    GRKCIAN.    ROMA.*,    AND    AUABIAN 
VEIGUTS  AXD  M]  POIDH   Dl  MAKC. 


1.  Weights  of  the  Ancient  Ghreeks, 

V>s.     a;,    dr.  pr. 

■>t  (ra\avTOv) 64       2       5  M 

The  inn  a  ,,,,,!> 14       8  40 

'  „,iy^|) 1  11 

i  •  ,.    13 

'•"It  {KlfiaTlOVl 4 

I  («A«*Vf) - 

n(0RT*v) H 


2.    1I'(  ijo&a  o/  f/<e  ^NeteNl  Humans. 

Jr.    <7r. 

The  pound  (Ztora) 10      6      48 

The  ounce  (undo  1 7      16 

TbedueBa  S 

The  ticUicuS 1 

da l      14 

The  consular  denier,  denarius 1 

The  imperial  dt  m,  drachma 

r  tutus 87 

i  tepfa 21 

The  obolus .' 11 

The  sHiqua „ 4 

The  Greeks  divided  their  obotafl  into  chaici 
and  I'pt't:  some  divided  it  into  t>  chalet,  and 
esoh  chalcua  into  7  lepta;  others  into  .s  ohaici, 
and  every  chalcus  into  8  lepta  or  minuta. 


Dr.  Milligan,  in  his  edition  of  Celras,  gives  the  following  table,  exhibiting  the  Troy  weight  of 
measures  of  capacity  and  of  weight  in  use  amongst  the  Romans. 


Denarius.   ScrupuUu. 

Amphora 2     =     BO        =     060        =  6720      =  20100      =  40320 

Irn.i 1     —    40        =     480        -  8860      =  10080       =  26160 

18 %  =    10        =     120        =  840      =    2640      =     6040 

rius 1-j     =      20        =  140      =      420      =      840 

Libra 1        =12        =  84      =      252      = 

Hemina B4-7  =  «0      =      ISO      = 

Acetabulum 2  1-7  =  16      =        45      =        90 

-cyathas 2  1-7  =  15      =        45      =        90 

ia 13-7  =  10      =       30      =       60 

ia 11.;    =  lm.;  —       313^  = 

1        =  7       =        21      =        42 

Cochleare 2]4  =         1]A  =       15 

Drachma l"=         3  "  —         6 

Denarim 1      =         3      =  6 

Bcrupuloe 1      =  2 

Scrapultu  dimidiatua 14  =         1 

Oboliu 1 

-  1 


Chalcus. 
:  403200 

:       5ii!o 

:         900 
:         900 

:        680 

:         420 
:  160 


420480 

210240 

939 
939 
626 

I     7 


62  4-7 
62  1-7 

1<4 


Chaleus  1       = 


He  gives  also  the  following  'Carmen  Mm  >.moni- 

ciiii,'  which  exhibits  the  analogies  of  the  Roman 
and  British  imperial  weights. 

JTo  the  concjfus  anU  gallon,  each,  ten  pounds 

alluto, 
<Du  the  bushel  an&  amphora  efgbtn  bestow ; 
Home's  pouutJ,   as   in   <Tron   toclflht,  tuiclhc 

ounces  obtains, 
liitt  her  ounce  is  STuofrfiupofs,  stricth?,  In 

grains : 
Denarff  "drams,  scruples  scvuplf  brffnr, 
Srptarfus  ansuicrs  to  our  bottle  of  unite, 
£lnb  tiie  mua's  a  short  pint  — fourteen  ounces 

fn  (Inc. 

.".    Wi  fghts  said  to  be  of  the  Arabians,  Modern 
let,  and  Latin*  of  the  barbarous  period*  of 

the  Middle  Ayes. 

OZ.    '' 

The  olrheminn 14 

The  in  10 

am 

1  njal  nut 





ius 

1'Iih  ha                                                 dar- 
rliimi.  atogochUos,  oUtginat,  naoach 

I  jyptian  or  >  . 

the  backH 

The  .1 '  r 

The  <•!••  It  bean  or  gramm  '.  '/"- 

num.  ii'ir mi.  gracchus 

The  ring,  cumulus,  tenknet,  onolosich,  ono- 

The  >/< uiich 

The  b&ratf  alldlut,  kararit 


1.    Greek  Measures. 


lbs.  oe.  dr.  gr. 


3 

4  1 

6 

7 

16 

8 

44 

3 

44 

2 

60 

•> 

2 

11 

1 

11 

42 

21 

11 

B 

4 

The  amphora  or  cadus 56     2 

The  urna 28    1 


The  mctretes  (fzerprirrii)  84    4     3 

The  chus,  choa,  congius  (xovs) 7    0    2 

»(feonys) 117 

The  cot  yla  (kotv^T)) 8     7 

The  ietarton  (rerapTov) 4    3 

The  oxybaphon  (oj-vfia&oi) 2    1 

The  cyathos  (evaBos) 1    4 

The  concha  (KoyXl) 

The  mystron  (fLwroov) 3    00 

The  ehama  minor  (xnun)  •••'• 2    00 

The  cochliarion  (noX^iaptov) 1    00 

2.  Roman  Jfeasnres  of  Capacity. 

ll>*.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

•24 

4s 

14 
18 
45 

SO 

24 


The  eongius 

The  sextarius 

The  hemina 

The  quartarius 

The  acetabulum 

The  eyafhus  or  small  glass. 
The  liyula  or  spoonful 


7     0 

1     4 

10 

5 


:',.  Measures  said  to  be  of  the  Arabian,  Aral, 1st, 
and  Latin  Physicians  of  the  Middlt   Ages. 

.  dr.  <n\ 

The  mt  bed 3 

Abt  a.  1  ■  '.  or  Roman  mina,  1 

ius,  or  hassitinus 

lati 

The  /mini ful.  piujiUiim.  comusum 

The  /"/> 

The  cones  or  ooatus,  alcantus  cr  almunesi, 

brtali  mi  din* 



The  largest  spoonful 

A  spoonful 

The  ful  rniiii 

A  tmaU  spoonful  or  ttagerin 

The  smallest  spoonful  or  faJialicl 


B 

1 

83 

f, 

0 

1  0 

0 

1 

In 

6 

0 

it 

8 

2 

■  8 

2 

4 

1 

I 

.1 

66 

4 

H 

1 

1 

2S 

1 

11 

12 

WEILBACH 


982 


WHITLOW 


A  good  section  on  weights  and  measures  is 
contained  in  the  edition  of  "  The  Seven  Books 
of  Paulus  yEgineta,"  by  Mr.  Francis  Adams, 
published  by  the  Sydenham  Society  of  Loudon, 
vol.  iii.  p.  609,  London,  1847. 

Besides  the  weights  and  measures  above  men- 
tioned, employed  by  the  moderns,  there  are  modes 
of  estimating  the  quantities  of  substances  by  ap- 
proximation.    For  example  :  — 
A  glassful  or  cupful,  (  (F.)  Verre,)  is  reckoned  to 

contain  4  or  5  fluidounces. 
A  wine-glassful,  1£  ounce  or  two  ounces. 
A  table-spoonful,  (  (F.)  Cuiller  a  buuche,)  about 

half  an  ounce. 
A  coffee  or  dessertspoonful,  about  3  drachms. 
A  teaspoon  fit  I,  a  fluidrachm. 
A  handful,  manipulus,   (  (F.)  Poignee,)  as  much 

as  can  be  held  in  the  hand. 
The  Pugillus  (  (F.)  Pincee)  is  as  much  as  can  be 

held  by  the  three  fingers. 

These  last  quantities  are  occasionally  prescribed 
by  the  French  practitioners.  Their  weights  must, 
of  course,  vary,  according  to  the  article.  The 
authors  of  the  Parisian  codex  have  valued  them, 
as  regards  certain  substances. 

French. 

oz.  dr. 

A  Manipulus  of  barley  weighs 3  2% 

"  linseed 1  4 

"  linseed  meal 3  3 

"  dried  mallow  leaves 1  3 

"  dried  ciehory  leaves 1  0 

"  flowers  of  the  tilia 1  2>£ 

dr.  scr.   gr. 
A  Pugillus  of  chamomile  flowers  weighs  2 

"              arnica 1  2 

"             marsh-mallow 1  1 

"             mallow 60 

"              fennel  seeds 1       60 

"             aniseed 1  y2     60 

A  hen's  egg,  newly  laid,  weighs  about  2  ounces 
and  2  drachms:  when  deprived  of  its  shell,  2 
ounces.  The  white  weighs  1  ounce,  2  drachms, 
and  57  grains  :  the  yolk,  5  drachms  and  15  grains. 

WEILBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
village  of  Weilbach  is  in  the  plain  between  the 
Maine  and  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Tau- 
nus  hills.  It  has  in  its  neighbourhood  a  cold 
sulphureous  alkaline  spring,  the  water  of  which 
is  bottled  and  exported,  although  not  of  great 
efficacy.  Its  use  is  at  times  combined  with  that 
of  the  saline  springs  in  Nassau,  and  of  Baden- 
Baden,  in  various  chronic  abdominal  and  thoracic 
affections. 

WEINTRAUBENKUR,  Grape  cure. 

WELCOME  TO  OUR  HOUSE,  Euphorbia 
cyparissias. 

WELD,  Reseda  luteola. 

WELK,  Whelk.  An  inequality;  a  protube- 
rance ;  a  cutaneous  eruption  of  this  character. 
Acne. 

WELTER'S  BITTER,  Acid,  carbazotic. 

WEM,  Abdomen,  Uterus. 

WEMDING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  Donau- 
wb'rth  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen ;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda; 
sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia:  a  little  chloride 
of  calcium,  and  oxide  of  iron ;  and  are  much  used 
in  asthenic  diseases. 

WEN,  Sax.  pen,  Ln'pia,  Tumour,  (F.)  Loup. 
A  name  given  to  circumscribed,  indolent  tumours, 
without  inflammation  or  change  of  colour  of  the 
skin.  They  may  be  met  with  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  body.  Their  magnitude,  as  well  as 
nature,  is  very  variable.  The  term  is  sometimes 
given  to  an  encysted  tumour,  and  to  bronchocele. 

WESTERN  ISLANDS,  Azores. 


WEST  INDIES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  cli- 
mate of  the  West  Indies  has  long  been  regarded 
as  favourable  to  the  consumptive.  In  confirmed 
consumption,  it  appears,  however,  to  be  positively 
injurious.  As  a  prophylactic  for  those  predis- 
posed to  consumption,  it  is  generally  favourable. 
The  nature  of  the  patient's  constitution,  in  re- 
gard to  the  effects  of  elevated  temperature,  has 
always  to  be  taken  into  account.  In  diseases 
that  are  benefited  by  warm  climates,  the  West 
Indies  afford  an  appropriate  residence.  The 
islands  in  which  the  invalid  can  best  obtain  all 
the  advantages  of  the  climate,  are  Jamaica,  Bar- 
badoes,  St.  Vincents,  Antigua,  St.  Kitts,  and 
Santa  Cruz. 

WEST'S  SPRING,  see  South  Carolina,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

WET  STRAPPING,  see  Water  dressing. 

WHAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 

WHEAL,  Weal,  Wale,  Pomphus.  A  ridge, 
or  elevation  of  the  skin,  produced  by  a  rod  or 
whip;  or  as  if  produced  in  that  manner.  Such 
elevations  are  seen  in  urticaria. 

WHEAT,  Triticum — w.  Indian,  Zea  mays — w. 
Turkev,  Zea  mays. 

WHEEZE,  (Prov.)  Rezzle,  Sax.  hpeoron, 
formed  probably,  like  whiz  and  whisper,  from  the 
sound  it  expresses.  To  breathe  with  difficulty 
and  noise,  as  in  asthma. 

WHELK,  Acne,  Welk  —  w.  Chin,  Sycosis — w. 
Rosy,  Gutta  rosea. 

WHETLEBONES,  Vertebrae. 

WHEY,  Serum  lactis. 

Whey-Cure,  (G.)  Molkenkur.  In  the  Kur- 
saal  of  many  of  the  German  watering  places,  a 
space  is  set  apart  for  whey  drinkers.  The  whey 
is  a  pleasant  diluent,  and  the  saccharine  matter 
it  contains  may  act  as  a  eutrophic  :  but  the  main 
effect  on  the  valetudinarian  is  probably  produced 
by  the  new  impressions  made  upon  him  by  his 
visit  to  the  watering  place. 

Whey,  Mustard,  see  Sinapis — w.  Rennet,  see 
Serum  lactis — w.  Sack,  Wine-whey — w. Tamarind, 
see  Tamarindus  —  w.  Vinegar,  see  Acetum  —  w. 
Wine,  Wine-whev. 

WHIFFING  MURMUR,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

WHIG,  Buttermilk,  Serum  lactis. 

WHIMBERRY.  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

WHISKY,  see  Spirit.  A  spirituous  liquor  ob- 
tained from  oats,  potatoes,  &c,  by  distillation. 

Whisky  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

WHISPER,  CAVERNOUS,  see  Cavernous. 

WHIS'PERING ;  evidently  an  example  of  ono- 
matopoeia (hooisp'ering),  Susurra'tio,  Susnrra'- 
tion.  Articulation  of  the  air  sent  through  the 
vocal  tube  without  any  action  of  the  glottis. 

Whispering  Souffle,  see  Souffle. 

WHISTLING,  Sifflement,  see  Rale  sibilant. 

WHITE  BALL,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis— w. 
Blisters,  Rupia  escharotica. 

White,  Flake,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

White  Leaf,  Pyrola  maculata,  Spiraea  tomen- 
tosa — w.  Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Matter  of 
the  brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  w.  Root,  Angelica 
lucida,  Asclepias  tuberosa,  Ligusticum  actseifo- 
lium. 

White,  Spanish,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 

White  Substance  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve 
fibre  —  w.  Sulphur,  see  Virginia,  mineral  waters 
of — w.  Swelling,  Hydrarthus  —  w.  Swelling  of 
lying-in  women,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  w.  Weed, 
Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum — w.  Wood,  Lirio- 
dendron,  Tilia  Americana. 

WHITENESS  OF  COMPLEXION,  Paleness. 

WHITES,  THE.  Leucorrhoea. 

WIIITLEYA  STRAM0N1F0LIA,  Anisodus 
luridus. 

WHITLOW,  Paronychia. 


WHOOPING-COUGH 


988 


W I N  E 


WHOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis. 
WHORLYWOB  l .  Leptandria  purpurea. 
WHORTLEBER  RY,    Vacoinium    myrtillus, 

Yaccinium  vitis  ida-a — w.  Bean',  Arbutus  uva 
ur.-i. 

WHORTS,  BLACK,  Yaccinium  myrtillas, 

WHYTT'S  DISEASE,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternum. 

WIDOW-WAIL,  Cneoruui  tricoccum,  Daphne 
Alpina. 

WIESBADEN,    MINERAL   WATERS    OF, 
'A  isbaden. 

WIESSAU,  MINERAL  WATERti  OP.  These 
paters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  the 
c.iiiv.Mit  ofWaldsaseen  in  Havana.  They  contain 
carbon  io  acid:  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia; 
chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium,  and  aluminium  : 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  much  oxide  of  iron.  The 
r  them  to  resemble  the  waters 
id  Pyrtnont 

WILD,  Sax.  pile.  (T).)  Wild.  An  epithet 
given  to  the  countenance,  when  not  in  harmony 
with  the  condition  of  the  individual,  and  indica- 
ting Strong  mental  emotion;  —  a  wild  look,  (F.) 
Phytingnomie  fgnrSi . 

WILDBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Wild- 
had  is  a  small  town  of  Wurtemherg,  three  Ger- 
man miles  from  Baden-Baden.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  watering-place.  The  water  is  ther- 
mal, from  (.tj°  to  1(H)0  ofFahr.,  and  is  much  em- 
ployed in  eases  in  which  thermal  waters  are  indi- 
cated. It  is  need  internally,  a  pint  not  con- 
taining more  than  h  grain  of  solid  ingredients, 
which  consists  of  salts  of  soda  and  lime.  The 
proportion  of  carbonic  acid  gas  is  very  small. 

WILDFIRE,  Erysipelas. 

Wildfirb  Rash,  Ignis  By  1  rations. 

WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wildungen  is  situate  a  few  miles  from  Cassel  in 
Germany.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  several  mi- 
neral springs;  the  chief  of  which,  according  to 
Stnoke,  contain  a  bituminous  matter;  chloride 
of  sodium  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  lime,  ic.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as 
refrigerants. 

WILL,  Voluntas. 

WILL  AX.  Salix. 

WILLOW,  Salix— w.  Herb,  Common, Lythrum 
lalicaria  —  w.  Herb,  great,  Epilobium  angustifo- 
lium  —  W.  Ilerh,  purple.  Lythrum  salicaria  —  w. 
Herb,  purple  veined.  Epilobium  ooloratum. 

Willow,  Low-bush,  Salix  bumilis — w.  Speck- 
diz  bumilis  —  w.  Red,  Cornns  sericea  —  w. 
B Cornns  Bericea  —  w.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

WIND,  Sax.  piar>,  (an  example  of  onomato- 
poies — ooind)  Vent ut,  An'etnoa,  (F.)  Vent.  Winds 
exert  considerable  influence  on  the  animal  econo- 
my :  acting  by  their  temperature,  which  neces- 
sarily modifies  that  of  the  circumambient  air,  as 
well  as  by  their  moisture  <»r  dryness,  and  by  the 
emanations  of  different  kinds,  which  they  trans- 
port to  greater  or  less  distances.  The  winds 
which  blow  over  a  considerable  extent  of  country, 
are-  dry  and  serene  :  those  which  come  from  the 
are  moist  and  chilly. 

Wind,  see  Flatulence. 

Wind  of  a  Ball.  A  term  applied  to  the  com- 
i  ii  of  air.  supposed  to  be  produced  l>y  the 

passage  of  a  ball  near  a  part  of  the  bodj 

i-ion  what  has  been  called  a  wind  contu- 

8  >  on. 

Wind  COHTUSIOir,  see  Wind  of  a  Ball  —  w. 
Dropsy,  Emphysema,  Tympanites  —  w.  Flower, 
Anemone— w.  Pipe.  Trachea—  w.  Root,  Asolepiae 
tuberose  —  w.  Weed,   tsclepias  tuberose, 

WINDINE8S,  Flatulence. 

WINDY,  Flatnlen'tue,  Flatulent,  Va'porotu, 
(F.)  Venteux,  Flatuemm,    That  which  causes  wind 


or  flatulence;  also,  that  which  is  caused  hy  wind 
or    flatulence;    as    windy  fund,    windy   colic,   «ic. 

one   affected   with   flatulence,   or   who  is 
'  troubled  with  the  wind.' 

WINE,  Sax.  pin.  (€k)  We  in.  originally,  per- 
haps, from  Mvof,  (Knox,  Vinum,  ut*h,  3fethu,  (F.) 
Pin.     A  name  given  by  chymists  to  all  liquors 

that  have  Inc. .me  spirituous  by  fermentation. 
The  term  is  generally,  however,  restricted  to  the 
fermented  juice  of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits,  the  pro- 
duct of  whose  fermentation  resembles,  in  almost 
all  respects,  that  of  the  juice  ..f  the  grape.    Wine 

is  composed  of  alcohol  ;  saccharine  matter;  maiie 
acid;  tartaric  acid  ;  hitartrate  of  potttSSa;  acetic 
acid  ;  an  extractive  colouring  matter,  in.. re  or  less 
hitter,  and  partly  resinous  :  and  BOmetimeS  ol  an 
aromatic  substance.  The  extractive  colouring 
matter  is  chiefly  met  with  in  red  wines.  All  these 
constituents,  except  the  alcohol,  are  found  ready 
formed  in  the  grape.  The  alcohol  proceeds  from 
the  decomposition  of  the  saccharine  matter.  A 
part  of  the  acetic  acid  is  also  formed  during  fer- 
mentation. 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Brande, 
exhibits  the  quantity  of  spirit  in  different  kinds 
of  wine  and  liquors.  It  is  proper,  however,  to 
remark,  that  many  of  these  wines  are  prepared 
for  the  London  market,  and  are  more  hrandied,  or 

I  ••' reinforced,"  than  the  same  varieties  sold  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  strikingly  the  case  with 
port.  Dr.  Henderson,  too,  has  remarked,  that 
some  of  the  wines  analyzed  hy  Mr.  Brande  were 
mixed  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  adventi- 

jj  tious  alcohol.  Dr.  Henderson's  additions  and 
corrections  have  the  letter  II.  affixed. 

Proportion  of  Alcoiiol,  s.  o.  0*825,  m  one   nvnprfd 

PARTS  BY  HEA8UKI  OF  THE   FOLLOWING  WlWBS,  AM)  Malt 

and  Spirituous  Liquors. 

1.  Lissa 20-47 

Do 2435 

Average,  (o)  25-41 

2.  Raisin  Wine 26*40 

Do 25*77 

Do 23*20 

Average,  25*12 

3.  Marsala 26*03 

Do 

Average,  (6)  25*09 

4.  I'ort  —  average  of  six  kinds 23*48 

Do.— highest 

Do,— lowest 21*40 

5.  Madeira 24*42 

Do 23*93 

Do.  (Sereial) 21*45 

Do 19*24 

Average,  22*27 

6.  Currant  Wine 

7.  Sherry 19*81 

Do 19  B3 

Do 18-79 

Do 18*25 

Average,  19*17 

},   i   oerlfte 19*79 

9.  Colares 19*75 

10.  Laeryma  Christ] 19-70 

11.  Constantia—  white 19-76 

"  red (c)  18*92 

12.  Lisbon 18*94 

18.  Malaga 18*94 

14.  Bueellaa 18*49 

16.  Red  Madeira 22*30 

Do 

Average,  20-85 

16.  Cape  Muscat 1-  -  > 

17.  Cape  Madeira 

Do 20*60 

Do 18*11 

Average,  20  ;'»l 

18.  Crape  Wine 18*11 

19.  Calcavella ^ 19*20 

Do 18*10 

Average,  18*66 

20.  Vldonla 19*26 

21.  Alha  Flora 17  20 

(a)  1500  II.        (b)  18-40  II.        (c)  1450  H. 


WINE 


984 


WISBADEN 


22.  Malaga 17-26 

23.  White  Hermitage 17*43 

24.  Roussillon 19-00 

Do 1726 

Average,  18-13 

25.  Claret 17-11 

Do 16-32 

Do....: 1408 

Do 12-91 

Average,  (d)  15-10 

26.  Malmsey  Madeira 16-40 

27.  Lunel 15-52 

28.  Scheraaz 15-52 

29.  Syracuse 15-28 

CO.  Sauterne 14-22 

31.  Burgundy 16-60 

Do 1522 

Do 14.53 

Do 11.95 

Average,  1457 

32.  Hock 14-37 

Do 13-00 

Do.  (old  in  cask) 8-88 

Average,  12-08 

Rudesheimer  (1811) II.  1072 

Do.  (1800) H.  12-22 

Average,  II.  1147 
Johanni«berger „ H.    8-71 

33.  Nice , 1463 

34.  Barsac 13-86 

35.  Tent 13-30 

36.  Champagne  (still) 13*80 

Do.  (sparkling) 12-80 

Do.  (red) 12*56 

Do 11-30 

Average,  12-61 

37.  Red  Hermitage 12-32 

38.  Yin  de  Grave 13-94 

Do 12-80 

Average,  13-37 

39.  Frontk-nac 12-79 

40.  Cote  Kotie 1232 

41.  Gooseberry  Wine 11-84 

42.  Orange  Wine — average  of  six  samples  made 

by  a  London  manufacturer 11-26 

43.  Tokay 9-88 

44.  Eider  Wine 9-87 

45.  Rheuish  Wine H.    871 

46.  Cider  —  highest  average 9-87 

Do.  lowest 5-21 

47.  Perry  —  average  of  four  samples 7-26 

48.  Mead 7-32 

49.  Ale  (Burton) 8-88 

Do.  (Edinburgh) 6-20 

Do.  (Dorchester 5-56 

Average,    6-87 

50.  Brown  Stout 6-80 

51.  London  Porter  —  average 4-20 

Do.     Small  Beer  —  average 1*28 

52.  Brandy 53-39 

53.  Rum 53-68 

54.  Gin 51.60 

55.  Scotch  Whisky 54-32 

56.  Irish  do     53-90 


The  only  wine  recommended  in  some  pharma- 
copoeias is  Sherry,  Vinum,  V.  album  Hispan'icum, 
V.  Xer'icum,  Leucce'nus.  It  is  a  dry  wine  ;  the 
least  variable  in  its  properties,  and  agrees  best 
with  the  dyspeptic.  Other  wines  used  officinally 
are — Canary  or  Sack  icine,  Vinum  Canari'num; 
Mountain  wine,  Vinum  album  monta'num  ;  Tent 
wine;  Rhenish  wine,  Vinum  Rhena'num ;  and 
Port  wine,  Vinum  rubrum  Portugal' licum. 

The  wines  habitually  drunk  are  almost  innu- 
merable. Those  that  are  sweet,  or  contain  a 
large  portion  of  free,  saccharine  matter,  are  de- 
cidedly the  least  wholesome  to  the  dyspeptic. 

When  wine  is  good,  and  of  a  proper  age,  it  is 
tonic  and  nutritive ;  when  new,  flatulent  and  ca- 
thartic, disagreeing  with  the  stomach  and  bowels. 
In  medicine,  it  is  a  valuable  tonic  in  the  last 
stage  of  typhus,  when  the  skin  is  not  too  hot  and 
dry.  Its  use,  however,  requires  great  caution  ; 
and  when  once  commenced  under  proper  circum- 
stances, it  cannot  be  suddenly  dropped  without 
mischief.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  permanent 
stimulus  in  the  catalogue  of  the  materia  medica. 


((?)  12-91  H. 


Mulled  Wine  is  made  as  follows  :  —  Take  of 
bruised  cinnamon  £l ;  half  a  nutmeg  grated;  and 
ten  bruised  cloves.  Infuse  in  boiling  water  Oss 
for  an  hour;  strain  and  add  suyar  £j.  Pour  the 
whole  into  a  pint  of  hot  Port  or  Sherry.  Useful 
in  adynamic  conditions. 

Wine,  Amin^ean,  Aininaeum  vinum. 

Wine  of  Aloes,  Vinum  aloes. 

Wine,  Antimonial,  Vinum  antimonii — w.  An- 
tiscorbutic, Vinum  antiscorbuticuin  —  w.  Aro- 
matic, Vinum  aromaticum — w.  Bark,  compound, 
Vinum  de  kina  kina  compositum  —  w.  Barley, 
Cerevisia — w.  Bitter,  diuretic,  Vinum  diureticum 
am  arum. 

Wine  Bitters,  Vinum  gentia'nce  compositum. 
The  formulae  for  these  may  be  various.  The  fol- 
lowing is  as  good  and  as  agreeable  as  any.  (Rad. 
gentian.  Ibj,  cort.  aurant.  t^x,  sem.  cardam.  cont. 
^iv,  cinnam.  cort.  £iv,  wine,  foreign  or  domestic, 
three  gallons  and  a  half.)     Tonic  and  stomachic. 

Wine,  Cedar,  Cedrinum  vinum  —  w.  Cham- 
pagne, Vinum  campanum  —  w.  Chian,  Chium 
vinum. 

"Wine  of  Colchicum,  Vinum  colchici  —  w.  of 
Colchicum  seed,  Vinum  colchici  seminis  —  w.  of 
Ergot,  Vinum  ergotge — w.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Vinum  gentianaB  compositum  —  w.  of  Hellebore, 
white,  Vinum  veratri. 

Wine,  Ipecacuanha,  Vinum  Ipecacuanhae. 

Wine  of  Iron,  Vinum  ferri. 

Wine,  Medicated,  Vinum  medicinale  —  w. 
Mulled,  see  Wine. 

Wine  of  Opium,  Vinum  opii. 

Wine,  Port,  Vinum  Portugallicum — w.  Pullet, 
Poulet,  vin  de. 

Wine  of  Quinia,  Vinum  quinise. 

Wine,  Rhubarb,  Vinum  rhei — w.  Sherry,  Vi- 
num— w.  Steel,  Vinum  ferri — w.  Tobacco,  Vinum 
tabnci — w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Wine  "Whey,  White  Wine  Whey,  (Prov.)  Sack- 
whey.  Take  of  good  milk  two-thirds  of  a  pint, 
and  add  water  to  make  a  pint.  Take  of  sherry, 
or  any  other  good  white  wine,  two  glasses,  and 
of  sugar  a  dessert-spoonful.  Place  the  milk  and 
water  in  a  deep  pan  on  the  fire;  and  the  moment 
it  boils,  pour  into  it  the  wine  and  sugar.  Stir 
assiduously  for  12  or  15  minutes,  whilst  it  boils. 
Lastly,  strain  through  a  sieve. 

It  is  a  good  mode  of  giving  wine  in  adynamic 
states. 

Wine,  White,  see  Wine. 

Wine  of  Wormwood,  Vinum  absinthites. 

WING-SEED,  Ptelea  trifoliata. 

WINKERS,  Cilia. 

WINKING,  Scardamygmus. 

WINTER'S  BARK  TREE,  Wintera  aromatica. 

WINTER  BERRY,  SMOOTH,  Prinos  lam- 
gatus  —  w.  Berry,  Virginia,  Prinos  —  w.  Berry, 
whorled,  Prinos. 

Winter  Bloom,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  —  w. 
Cough,  Bronchitis,  chronic — w.  Green,  Gaulthe- 
ria — w.  Green,  round-leaved,  Pyrola — w.  Green, 
spotted,  Pyrola  maculata. 

WINTERA,  see  Wintera  aromatica. 

WlN'TERA  Aromat'ica,  Drimys  Win'teri,  Win- 
tera'na  aromat'ica,  Winter's  bark  Tree;  Ord. 
Magnoliaceaa.  The  bark,  Wintera  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Cortex  Wintera'nus  seu  Winteranus  Magellan' - 
icus,  C.  Magellan1 'icus,  Cinnamo'mum  Magellan'" 
icum,  (F.)  Ecorce  de  Winter,  Cannelle poivree,  is 
very  much  allied  in  its  properties  to  Canella  alba. 

WINTERANA  AROMATICA,  Wintera  aro- 
matica. 

WIRTSPRINGS,  Hangnails. 

WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wisbaden  is  a  town  of  Germany,  about  6  miles 


WISMUTIIUM 


9  85 


"WORMS 


north  of  Mainz,  and  22  west  of  Frankfurt.  It  has 
been  long  celebrated  for  its  bot  springs  \  and  is 
much  frequented-  There  are  numerous  oold  ami 
thermal  springs, — the  former  oontaining  sulpho- 
bydrio  aoidj  the  bitter  being  saline  and  acidu- 
lous. The  temperature  of  the  hot  springs  varied 
from  1  i i  Pahr. 

WISMUTHUM,  Bismuth. 

WJ  rCHEN,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

WITCHHAZEL,  Bamamelis  Virginiana,  Sor- 
bus  acuparia. 

WITCH  MEAL,  Lyoopodium. 

Wl'iviiw  OOD,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

WIT  TEETH,  see  Dentition. 

WITTER,  Throat 

WIZEN,  (Esophagus. 

WOAD,  Esatis  tinetoria. 

WOD,  insane, 

WODNES,  Insanity,  Mania. 

WOLFBANE,  Veratrum  viride, 

WOLFSBANE,  Aoonitum  —  w.  Wholesome, 
Aconituu)  anthora> 

WOLFSCLAW,  Lyoopodium. 

WOLFSJAW,  .^e  Harelip. 

WOMAN,  pi.  women,  Vye,  (F.)  Femme, 
pipman,  'wifeman,'  '  woofman.'    The  adult  fe- 
male of  the  human  rare. 

WOMANHOOD.  Mulierita*. 

WOMB,  Dterus— w.  Falling  down  of  the,  Pro- 
lapsus  uteri. 

Womb  Grain,  Ergot. 

Womb,  Laceration  of  the,  Uterus,  rupture 
of  the — w.  Tympany  of  the,  Physometra. 

WONGE,  Cheek. 

WOOD,  BRAZIL,  CsBsalpinia  echinata  — w. 
Elk,  Andromeda  arborea  —  w.  Pernauibuco,  C»- 
Balpinia  echinata. 

Wood-licb,  Onisoi  asellL 

Wood-march,  Sanicle. 

"Wood,  Nicaragua,  see  Csesalpinia — w.  Peach, 
pee  CsBsalpinia  —  w.  Pernambuco,  Csesalpinia 
echinata  —  w.  Sampfen,  CsBsalpinia  sappan  —  w. 
Sappan,  Csesalpinia  sappan. 

Wood  Sorrel,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

.,  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea — w.  Waxen, 
Genista  tinetoria. 

WOODWEX,  Genista  tinetoria, 

WOODBINE,  COMMON,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
nmii. 

WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED,  Asperula 
odorata. 

Woods.  SUDORIF'IC,  (F.)  Boia audorifiquea. 
This  term  is  applied,  collectively,  to  guaiacnm, 
sassafras,  china,  and  sarsaparilla,  which  are  often 
used  together  to  form  the  sudorilic  decoction. 

WOORALI,  Curare. 

WOOB  Ml  A.  Curare. 

WORM,  see  Alembic,  Vermiform  process  —  w. 
Bark  tree,  Geoffraea  inermis — w.  Cakes,  Story's, 
rorm,  Story's  —  w.  Disease,   Helmin- 
thiasis—  w.  Goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthelmin- 
ticnin  —  w.  Grass,  perennial,  Spigelia  Marilan- 

diea. 

Worm,  G  diitba,  Dracunoulus. 

Worm  Loz'bnobs,  Chino's.  Empirical  prepa- 
rations,  which  consist  of  yellow  and  brown  lo- 
senges.  The  former  ;ir<:  directed  to  be  taken  in 
ning;  the  hi  iter  on  the  following  morning. 
';  i  e  Yellow  Lozenges.  [Saffron,  $**,  water,  Oj  ; 
boil,  and  strain;  and  add  of  white  panacea  of 
mercury,  (calomel  washed  in  spirit  of  wine,)  fbj, 
white  sugar,  28  Bbs,  mucilage  of  gum  tragaeanth 
q.  B.  to  make  a  mass.     Divide,  so    that  each  lo- 


mhy  contain  a  grain  of  the  panacea.)  The 
Brovm   L  ~ :  ■>  ij.  /■--///  of  jalap 

miijss,  white  sugar  mix,  mucilage  of  gum  tragac. 
Baofi  lozenge  to  contain  gr.  B8  of  the  pa- 
nacea.) 

Worm  LORITOBS,  Siifkmw's,  are  said  to  be 
composed  of  calomel,  gamboge,  and  «uodr. 

Petere'e  Worm  Lozenges  arc  said  to  be  coui- 
posed  in  a  similar  manner. 

Worm  Root,  Spigelia  Marilandica — w.  Seed, 
Artemisia  santonioa,  Chenopodium  anthekninti- 

cuni  —  w.  Seed,  goosefoot,  Chenopodium  authel- 
minticum  —  w.  Weed,  Corsican,  Corallina  Corsi- 
oana,  Polanisia  graveolens — w.  Weed,  white,  Co- 
rallina— w.  Wood,  biennial,  Artemisia  biennis  — 

w.  Wood,  Canada,  Artemisia  canadensis  —  w. 
Wood,  common,  Artemisia  absinthium — w.  Wood, 
creeping,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  w.  Wood,  Lesser, 
Artemisia  Pontics  —  w.  Wood,  Roman,  Artemisia 
Pontics — w.  Wood,  sea,  Artemisia  maritime — w. 
Wood,  silky,  Artemisia  glacialis. 

WORMIA'NA  OSSA  sen  OSSIC'ULA,  0. 
epacta'lia  sen  raphogemina n'tia  seu  trtV uefro  seu 
triangula'ria  Bla'sii  seu  antura'rum,  Cloves  caU 
va'ria,  Wormian  bones,  (F.)  Os  Wormiens  ou 
(pactaux  ou  sumumiraires  (Ch.),  ou  intercales 
ou  triangulares  ou  Clefs  <lu  crdne.  Small  hones-, 
which  are  sometimes  observable  in  the  sutures  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium,  of  which  they  form  a 
part.  They  were  called  Wormiana,  from  Olaus 
Wormius,  who  is  said  to  have  first  described 
them.  They  had  been  previously,  however,  men- 
tioned byG,  Andernach,a  physician  at  Strasburg. 
The  Ossa  Wormiana  exist  more  commonly  in  tho 
sutures  of  the  vault  of  the  skull;  especially  in  the 
lambdoidal,  sagittal,  and  squamous.  They  are 
uncommon  at  the  base  of  the  skull.  Their  >i/.e 
is  very  variable,  and  shape  irregular.  Their 
structure  and  development  are  similar  to  those  of 
the  other  bones  of  the  cranium;  and,  like  them, 
they  are  bounded  by  sutures. 

WORMIT,  Artemisia  absinthium. 

WORMS,  originally  from  (L.)  Vermes;  (F.) 
Vers;  Entozo'a,  Entozoa'ria,  Enterozo'a,  Endo-, 
zo'a,  Entelminth'a,  EntKelmin'thes,  Helmin'thi, 
Entoparasites,  (F.)  Entozoaires.  Animals  whose 
common  character  is  that  of  existing  only  in 
other  animals  ;  hence  their  name  entozoa,  from 
tvTOi,  'within,'  and  (woj/,  '  animal.'  They  are  met 
with,  not  only  in  the  natural  cavities,  but  even 
in  the  tissue  of  the  organs,  but  chiefly  in  the 
intestines —  Vermes  intesti'ni,  Helmin'thia  qlvi 
sen  pod' ids,  Splanchneltninth'ia,  Fntes'tinal  worms, 
(F.)  Vers  intestinaux,  Angibromefminthie.  Piorry, 
Covin-,  Rudolph i,  Bfera,  Bremser,  Laennec,  and 
others,  have  endeavoured  to  classify  them, — 
some  according  to  their  shape;  other.-,  according 
to  their  anatomical  characters. 

The  following  table  exhibits  most  of  the  entozoa 
which  have  Won  met  with  in  the  human  body, 
and  their  usual  habitats:  — 


Entozoa, 

Trichocepb'alus  dispar, 
Oxyu'ria  vermicula'ris, 
As'caris  ala'ta, 
As'oaris  lumbricol'des, 
Ancyclos'toma  duodenale, 
Botbrioceph'alus  latus, 
Tae'nia  so'lium, 
Pentas'toma  oonstrio'tum, 
Tas'nia  nana, 

Distoma  bsemato'bium, 

Ditraehyo'eras  rudis,  (?) 
Diploso'ma  orena'ta, 
Spirop'tera  bom/in  is, 
Dactyl'ius  aculea'tus, 


117c  re  found* 


Intestines. 


u       and   T.ivcr. 
Intestines  and  Ve- 


na porta, 
ites  tines. 


Urinary  bladder. 


WORSUM 


WRYNECK 


Dis'torna  hepat'icura, 
Dis'toma  lanceola'tum, 
Stron'gylus  gigas, 
Tetras'toma  rena'le, 
Fila'ria  oo'uli, 
Monus'toma  lentis, 

Distonia  oc'uli  huuia'ni, 

Acephaloc}'st'is  endog"ena, 

Echinococ'cus  hom'inis,         [ 

Polys'toma  pinguie'ola,  | 

Hexathyrid'iutn  pinguic'ola  j 
Polys'toma     vena'ruin    seu 

sanguic'ola, 
Hexathyrid'ium  vena'ruin, 
Fila'ria  bronehia'lis, 
Trichi'na  spira'lis, 
Cysticer'cus  cellulo'sa?, 
Acephalocyst'is  inultif'ida, 
Fila'ria  rnedinen'sis, 


Gall  bladder. 
Hepatic  duct. 

Kidney. 

Eye. 

Crystalline. 

Capsule  of  crystal- 
line. 

Liver. 

Liver,  Spleen,  and 
Omentum. 

Ovary. 

Veins. 

Bronchial  glands. 

Muscles. 

Brain. 

Areolar  texture. 


The  most  common  of  these  are: — the  Oxyuris 
verinicularis,  Ascaris  lumbricoides,  and  Taenia, 
•which  are  found  in  the  intestines.  The  origin  of 
these  worms  is  extremely  singular,  and  more  fa- 
vourable than  any  other  fact  to  the  hypothesis 
of  spontaneous  generation  in  the  lowest  tribes  of 
animated  nature.  They  are  certainly  not  identi- 
cal with  any  worms  out  of  the  body.  They  are 
most  commonly  met  with  in  children  improperly 
fed;  but  their  presence  cannot  be  positively  de- 
tected by  any  symptoms,  except  that  of  the  dis- 
charge of  the  worms  themselves  in  the  evacua- 
tions. They  may,  of  course,  give  rise  to  every 
kind  of  irritation  in  the  intestinal  tube,  and  to 
sympathetic  disturbance  in  most  of  the  functions  ; 
but  all  these  signs  may  be  produced  by  intestinal 
irritation  resulting  from  other  causes. 

Anthelmintics  or  vermifuges,  employed,  as  the 
name  imports,  for  their  removal,  may  be  of  two 
kinds — mechanical  and  true.  To  the  first  class — 
the  mechanical — -belong  Emetics,  Purgatives,  Jfu- 
cuna, powdered  Tin,  <fec.  To  the  latter — the  true 
anthelmintics, —  Turpentine,  Ohenopodium  anthel- 
minticum,  Pitik-root,  Semina  Santonici,  &c.  Of 
these,  the  best  is  turpentine.  See  Oleum  tere- 
bintbina?.  The  great  object,  however,  is  to  pre- 
vent their  generation.  This  must  be  done  by 
generous  diet,  fresh  air,  and  tonics,  where  neces- 
sary. 

Worms,  Acne  punctata. 

WORSUM,  Pus. 

WORT.  Sax.  pypr,  Murium,  Infn'sum  Bynes 
seu  Bra'sii  seu  Malti,  (F.)  Jfoiit  de  la  Bic--e.  An 
infusion  of  salt.  This  has  been  recommended  in 
scurvy.  One  measure  of  ground  malt  is  added  to 
three  equal  measures  of  boiling  water.  The  mix- 
ture must  be  well  stirred,  and  left  to  stand 
covered  three  or  four  hours.  Dose,  one  to  four 
pints,  daily.  It  has,  also,  been  recommended  in 
other  cases,  where  a  strong  putrescent  disposition 


appeared  to  prevail  in  the  fluids,  as  in  cancerous 
and  phagedenic  ulcers.     It  is  not  now  employed. 
WORTWALE,  Hangnail. 
WOSEN,  Trachea. 

WOUND,  Sax.  p uwo,  Yulnus,  Yolnus,  (diminu- 
tive Yulnus' culum),  Plaga,  Trauma,  Troma,  Tresis, 
Tresis  Yulnus,  Blabe,  Tytnma,  (F.)  Plate,  Bles- 
sure.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  soft  parts, 
produced  by  some  mechanical  agent.  Wounds 
present  innumerable  differences,  as  regards  their 
situation;  the  parts  interested;  their  direction; 
size;  shape;  the  nature  of  the  instrument  or 
agent  by  which  they  are  produced  ;  their  more 
or  less  simple  or  eomplex  character,  duration,  «tc. 
A  wound  is  called  incised,  (F.)  Coujuire,  Incision, 
when  made  by  a  cutting  instrument ; — punctured, 
Xygma,  (F.)  Piqure,  when  made  by  a  pointed 
instrument;  —  lacerated,  (F.)  Dechirure,  Plaie 
par  arrachement,  when  the  parts  are  lacerated 
or  torn  by  the  wounded  body;  poisoned,  Cellu- 
li'tis  venena'ta,  Xecu'sia,  (F.)  Plaie  envenimee, 
when  some  virulent  or  venomous  substance  has 
been  introduced; — and  contused,  (F.)  Plaie  con- 
tuse, when  produced  by  a  blunt  body.  Gunshot 
tcounds,  Sclopetopla'gcB,  Yul'nera  sclopeta'ria  seu 
a  sclopje'tis,  (F.)  Plaies  d'armes  a.  feu  ou  d'arque- 
busade  ou  d'arquebuse,  Coup  de  feu,  belong  to  the 
last  division. 

WOURALI,  Curare. 

WOURARI,  Curare. 

WOURARU,  Curare. 

WOURSUM,  Pus. 

WRACK,  SEA,  Fucus  vesiculosus  —  w.  Blad- 
der, vellow,  Fucus  vesiculosus. 


WRAMP,  S 


pram. 


WRAPPING  UP,  (of  the  hydropathists,) 
Emaillottage. 

WRATACK,  Nanus. 

WRENCH,  Sprain. 

WRET,  Verruca. 

WRETWEED,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

WRIGHTIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Nerium 
antidysentericum. 

WRINKLE,  Sax.  pnincle,  Euga,  Eytis,  Rha- 
cus,  Rhachns,  Rhagits,  Bhysse'ma,  Corruga'tio  cu- 
tis, Buelles,  (Sc.)  Runkle,  Bunkill,  (Prov.)  Crin- 
Me-crankle,  (F.)  Ride.  A  furrow  or  fold  in  the 
skin  of  the  face,  forehead,  vagina,  <fcc.  See  Cor- 
rugation. 

WRINKLED,  Rugo'sus,  Rugous,  Rugose,  (F.) 
Ride.     Full  of  wrinkles. 

WRIST,  Carpus. 

WRIST-DROP.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles  of 
the  forearm,  induced  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

WRITERS'  SPASM,  see  Spasm,  writers'. 

WURALI,  Curare. 

WCRSTGFET,  Allantotoxicuin. 

WRONG  HEIR,  Cancellus. 

WRYNECK,  Torticollis. 


X  LEG 


98' 


X. 


XIPIIOPAGES 


X  LEG,  Entogonyancon. 

XALAPPA,  Conrolrulus  jalap*. 

XANTHIC  OX  TDK,  Uric  oxide. 

XANTHINE,  Uric  oxide. 

X  LN'THIUM,  X.  Stnima'rium  seu  Orienta'li 
seu  Vnlga'ri,  Barda'na  minor,  Lappa  minor,  I  ■  - 
eer  Burdock,  Burweed,  Bunthietle,  Clotbur,  Cockle- 
bnr,  (P.)  Lampourde,  Petit  Olouterojt,  Petite  Bar- 
'yellow,'  because  of  the  colour 
the  plant  is  Baid    to  yield.      Tlii s  herb,  as   one  of 

its  names  imp  >rts,  was  once  esteemed  for  the  cure 
ila.  The  sec. Is  have  been  administered 
in  cntaneona  affections. 

X  \N  IIINIUA,  Xanthuria. 

XANTHOPSIA,  from  fcvfcc,  'yellow,'  and 
oi|if,  'vision.'  Yellow  vision,  —  as  sometimes 
occurs  in  jaundice. 

XANTHORRHIZA,  (fai^s,  'yellow,'  and  p^a, 
'root.')     Xanthorrhisa  apiifolia. 

XaNTHORRHI'z*  ApIIPO'LIA,  Xnnthorrhiza,  X. 
eimplicie'eima  sen  Marbo'tca,  Zanthorrhissa  tinc- 
to'ria,  Yellow  Root,  Pareley -leaved  Yellow  Hoot, 
Yellow  Hurt,  Shrub  yellow  root.  The  root  of 
this  American  plant — Xanthorrhiza,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
— is  a  strong  and  pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the 
dose  of  two  Boruples,  Bits  easy  upon  the  stomach. 

XANTHORRHOZ'A,  Grew*  Tree.  A  genus  of 
trees  in  Australia,  Nat.  Order,  Liliacesa, of  which 
there  are  several  species.  Two  resins  are  ob- 
tained from  them  ; — one  the  ye/low  renin  of  Xan- 
tkorrkaea  or  of  New  Holland,  Reei'na  lu'tea  Novi 
Belgii,  Botany  Bay  resin,  Ac'aroid  resin  or  gum, 
reei'na  vel  gttmmi  acaroi'det,  which  probably  re- 
sembles tolu  and  storax  in  medicinal  properties  ; 
— the  other  the  red  rain  of  Xanthorrhuea,  bUtCk- 
boy   If  II  m. 

XANTHOS,  Yellow. 

XANTHO'SIS.  A  term  applied  to  the  yellow 
oration  often  observed  in  cancerous  tu- 
rn, tors  —  especially  in  encephaloid  of  the  testicle. 
—  Lebert 

XANTHOX'YLUM  Fit AXTN'EUM.  (fr^o?, 
'yellow,' and  £v\ov,  'wood.')  X.  america' niun,  X. 
ti/o'lium,  X.  rami fio' rum,  X.  tricar'pnm, 
Prickly  aeh,  Shrubby  prickly  aeh,  Toothache  bueh, 
Toothache  tree.  Pell'itory,  Yellow  wood,  Snter- 
berry.  Ord.  XanthoxylacesB.  A  spirituous  in- 
fosion  of  the  bark  —  Xanthox'ylum — Ph.  U.  S. — 
has  been  highly  recommended  in  cases  of  vio- 
lent colic.  The  fresh  juice,  expressed  from  the 
rout  of  zanthoxylnm,  is  said  to  afford  relief  in 
the  dry  bellyache  of  the  West  Indies.  A  decoc- 
tion of  the  bark  is  sometimes  used  as  a  wash  to 
foul  ulcers. 

Xaxthoxylun  rArtoi.i\'xt;>f  has  similar  pro- 
perties ;   but  is  more  acrid. 

Xaitthoxtlum  Clata  Hbrobxti  of  the  West 
Indies.  (F.)   Clavalier  a  feuillee  de  frtne,  Frtne 

r  is  a  very  Strong  stimulant,  ami  powerful 
iialogogue;  and  has  been  given  internally  in 
rheumatism. 

X  vs  i -BOX  vi. <'M  OCTAHDRA,  1  ndra. 

X  A  NTH  I  '  I v  I A ,  X-uith  in' riu,  from  {mOos,  'yel- 
low,'  and  ovoov,  'urine.'  A  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem and  of  the  urine,  in  which  xanthic  oxide  is 
deposited  from  the  urine. 

X  INTICA,  Carminatives. 

X  INTOLINA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

XEXODOCEUM,  Hospital 


XENODOCHEUM,  Hospital. 

XERANSIS,  Arefaction,  Drying. 
XEKAN  11  A,  BiocanUa. 

XERA'SIA.      Same  etymon  ;  from  £',/><k,  'dry.' 
A  disease  of  the   hairs,  which    become  dry, 
to  grow,  and  resemble  down  covered  with  dust. — 
Galen. 

XERION,  Catapasma. 

XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  from  Znpos,  'dry,'  and 
tcoWovpiuv,  '  a  eollyriuui  ;'  CoUyr'ium  ticcum.  A 
dry  oollyrium. 

XERODER'MA,  from  twos,  '  dry,'  and  tip?*. 
'skin.'  Diminution  of  secretion  of  the  sebaceous 
glands. 

XEROMA,  Xerophthalmia — x.  Conjunctival, 
Xerophthalmia — x.  Lachrymal,  Xerophthalmia. 

XlROMA,  LACHRYMAL.  Suppression  of  the 
lachrymal  secretion.     See  Xerophthalmia. 

XE  ROM  VOTER,  Xeromycteria. 

XEROMYCTE'RIA,  Xeromycter,  from  foot, 
'  dry,' and  nvurtjp,  'the  nose.'  Dryness  of  the 
nose. 

XEROMY'ROX,  Unguen'tum  ticeutnj  from 
Zijpos,  'dry,'  and  pvpov,  'an  ointment.'  A  dry 
ointment.  —  Gorneus. 

XEROPIIA'GIA,  from  $i»pos,  'dry,'  and  <payw, 
'  I  eat.'  Excessive  use  of  dry  aliment.  A  kind 
of  regimen  to  which  the  ancient  athletic  subjected 
themselves,  with  the  view  of  increasing  their 
strength. 

XEROPHTHALMIA,  0/>*rtaJ'»ita  sicca,  Oph* 
thalmozero'eie,  Xero'ma,  from  fopos,  'dry,'  and 
0'pSa\pia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  An  inflam- 
mation of  the  eye,  without  discharge.  The  term 
— as  well  as  Conjuncti'val  and  Lach'rymal  Xero'- 
ma, and  Cutic'ular  Oonjuncti'va — has  been  given 
to  cases  in  which  the  conjunctiva  is  so  changed, 
that  it  presents  more  of  the  characters  of  skin 
than  of  mucous  membrane.  It  is  incapable  of 
radical  cure.      Also,  lippitudo. 

XEROTRIBIA.  see  Friction. 

XEROTRIPSIS,  Friction,  dry. 

XIPHISTERNUM,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODES,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraco-gastrodidymus. 

XIPHOID,  Xiphoi'dee,  Xipho'dea  Eneifor1- 
mie,  from  £<<poj,  'a  sword.'  and  cicos,  'shape;' 
Cartil-a'go  Xiphoidea  sen  Xiphoidea  sen  Scuta' lis 

sell    J'' n  x  if  or  mix    seu     I'elta'/ix    SCU    l'clta'tnx,    I'm- 

ci  Tin  infe'rior,  Mucrona'tum  ox,  Mucrona'ta  Car- 
tila'go,  Chondroe,  Processus  xiphoetenna' lie  sen  xi- 
phoidea sen  tterni  xiphdideue,  Xiphiaternum,  En'- 
ai/orm  ear'tilage,  |  F.)  Appendice  on  cartilage  xi- 
pholde,  C.  Mueroni,  Appendice  aoue-eternale,  Pa- 
lette. The  name  of  the  appendix  which  termi- 
nates the  sternum  beneath  ;  and  which  IS  SO  called 
from  some  resemblance  to  a  sword. 

Xiphoid  Lio'avbnt,  Costo-ryphoid  L.  (P.) 
Ligament  xiphcHdien  on  corto-xiphdidien,  is  :i 
small,  very  thin,  ligamentous  fasciculus,  which 
from  the  cartilage  of  prolongation  of  the 
7th  rib  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  xiphoid  ear- 
tilage,  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  its  fibres  de- 
ting  with  those  of  the  opposite  ligament 


XIPHOPA'GES,   Did' 


SytnphyO'epigaa'- 


triux  f   from  ti<lv;,  'a  BWOrd,'  and  wvyvvfit,  '  I  fix.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 

epigastrium,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Siamese  twins. 


XYLO-ALOES 


988 


Y-WER-A 


XYLO-ALOES.  Agallochum  —  x.  Balsaruum, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  x.  Cassia,  Lauras 
cassia  —  x.  Cinnamomum,  Laurus  cinnainoinuni. 

XYLUM,  Gossipium. 

XYMPATIIIAi  Sympathy. 

XYRIS,  Iris  foetidiasima. 

Xyris  Bclbo'sa,  X.  In'dica  seu  Carolinia'na, 
Yellow-eyed  Grans  ;  indigenous  ;  Order,  Xyrida- 
ceae ;  flowering  from  July  to  September.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  said  to  be  used  by  the  Hin- 


doos in  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  diseases  in 
general. 

XYRUM,  Xovacula. 

XYRUS,  Xovacula. 

XYS.MA,  Linteum,  Rasura,  Scobs. 

XYSMOS,  Rasura. 

XYSTER,  Raspatorium. 

XYSTOS,  Linteum. 

XYSTRUM,  Raspatorium — x.  Ophthalmicum, 
Ophthalmoxyster. 


YAM.  This  esculent  root  is  principally  ob- 
tained from  three  species  of  Diosco'rea,  — ala'ta 
bulbif'era,  and  sati'va.  They  grow  spontaneously 
in  both  the  Indies,  and  their  roots  are  eaten  pro- 
miscuously, as  the  potato  is  with  us.  Their  taste 
is  somewhat  like  that  of  the  potato. 

YAM  ROOT,  WILD,  Dioscorea  villosa. 

YARD,  Penis. 

YARROW,  COMMOX,  Achillea  millefolium. 

YAUPOX,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YAVA  SKIN,  Elephantiasis  Arabum. 

YAWNING,  from  Sax.  seonan,  Gkasme,  Chas- 
tntts,  Hia'tus,  Osce'do,  Oscita'tio,  Clonus  pandiat- 
la'tio  maxilla' rum,  Gaping,  (F.)  Battlement. 
Yawning  consists  of  a  deep  inspiration,  with  con- 
siderable separation  of  the  jaws,  executed  slowly 
and  in  an  involuntary  manner,  and  followed  by 
a  prolonged  and  more  or  less  sonorous  expiration. 
This  respiratory  movement  is  preceded  by  a  feel- 
ing of  oppression  in  the  epigastric  region,  and  in 
the  muscles  of  respiration  and  mastication. 
Yawning  has  been  conceived  to  be  owing  to  tor- 
por in  the  pulmonary  circulation  :  the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  commonly  ennui,  fatigue,  sleepi- 
ness, monotonous  sounds,  hunger,  sympathy,  &c. 
Yawning  often  precedes  the  invasion  of  certain 
intermittens,  attacks  of  hysteria,  &c,  and  it  may, 
by  its  frequency,  and  obstinacy,  become  a  true 
disease. 

YAW  ROOT,  Stillingia. 

YAWS,  Frambcesia. 

YEAST,  Yest  —  y.  Plant,  Torula  cerevisiae. 

YEBLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

YTELK,  see  Ovum. 

YTELLOW,  Flavus,  Lx'teus,  Xanthus,  from  past 
participle  of  Sax.  seaelan,  'to  burn.'  One  of  the 
seven  primitive  colours. 

Yellow  Ash,  Cladrastis  tinctoria — y.  Berry, 
Podophyllum  montanum  —  y.  Fever,  see  Fever, 
yellow  —  y.  Fever,  mild,  see  Relapse — y.  Jack, 
Fever,  yellow. 

YEIXOW  Lig'amexts,  (F.)  Ligaments  jaunes, 
occupy  the  spaces  between  the  vertebral  plates, 
from  the  interval,  which  separates  the  second 
vertebra  from  the  third,  to  that  which  separates 
the  last  vertebra  from  the  sacrum.  They  are  so 
called  in  consequence  of  their  colour. 

Yellow  Paixt,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  y. 
Root,  Jeifersonia  Bartoni  —  y.  Root,  parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia  —  y.  Root,  shrub, 
Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 


Yellow  Spring,  see  Ohio,  Mineral  waters  of. 

Yellow  Springs.  These  are  in  Chester  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  The  temperature  of  the  chief 
spring  is  53°  Fahr.  The  water  contains  no  im- 
pregnation. 

Y^ellow  Star,  Helenium  autumnale — y.  Weed, 
Ranunculus  acris — y.  Wood,  Xanthoxylum  fraxi- 
neum — y.  Wort,  Parsley-leaved,  Xanthorrhiza 
apiifolia. 

YTELLOWS,  Cypripedium  luteum,  Icterus,  Ra- 
nunculus acris. 

YERBA  DEL  SOLD  ADA,  Matico  —  y.  de 
Huaca,  Datura  sanguinea. 

YrEST,  Yeast,  Sax.  zeyc,  from  yrr,  'a  storm,' 
yfclS,  'stormy;'  Cercvis'ia?  Fermen'tum,  Spnma, 
J  Cerevis'icp.,  Barm,  (F.)  Levure,  Levure  de  la  Biere. 
The  scum  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  beer 
whilst  fermenting.  Yest  is  antiseptic  and  tonic. 
It  has  been  much  extolled  in  putrid  fevers,  —  a 
table-spoonful  being  given  as  a  dose,  in  porter, 
wine,  &c.  It  is,  also,  applied  in  the  form  of  ca- 
taplasm, to  foul  ulcers.  In  all  these  cases,  it  acts 
by  virtue  of  the  generation  of  carbonic,  acid  gas. 

YEUX  AEDEXS,  Ardent  eyes  —  y.  d'Ecre- 
visse.  Canerorum  chela?. 

YEW  TREE,  Taxus  baccata  — y.  American, 
Taxus  Canadensis. 

YLECH,  Ilech. 

YLIATER,  Ilech. 

YTOKE,  Singultus. 

Y'OLK,  see  Ovum,  and  Vesicula  umbilicalis — y. 
Membrane,  see  Yesicula  umbilicalis. 

YTORK  SPRIXGS.  These  are  in  Adams  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  One  of  them  is  a  saline,  con- 
taining sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  is  a  mild  cathartic  and 
diuretic;  —  the  other  is  a  strong  chalybeate. 

YTOUK,  Itching,  Psora. 

YrOUTH,  Adolescence. 

YrOPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YTPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

Y RIDES,  Orpiment. 

YTSAM'BRA,  Pedigam'bra.  An  ancient  Spa- 
i  nish  poison,  of  which  hellebore  formed  the  great- 
!  est  part. 

YUCCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

YUCCA  Filamento'sa,  Bear's  grass,  Silk  grass  ; 
i  indigenous.  A  tincture  cf  the  root  has  been 
I  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

YTUKE,  Itching.  Psora. 
I      Y-WER-A,  see  Spirit. 


ZACCIIARUM 


9  89 


ZIXCI   CIILORIDUM 


ZACCIIARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZAEL,  BorosaiL 

ZAFFRAN,  Crocus. 

Z  A  IT  RE.  Smalt. 

ZAMBO,  see  Mulatto. 

ZA.M1A  IN  IKuRIFOLIA,  see  Arrowroot— z. 
Pumila.  Bee  Arrowroot. 

ZANNA.  A  kind  of  Armenian  bole,  used  by 
tbe  ancients  as  a  desiccative.     It  was  also  called 

Zarn-i 

Z ANTIIORRIIIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor- 
rhiza  apiifolia. 

ZANTHOXTLUM,  Xjunthoxylnm. 

ZAPANIA  NODIFLORA,  Anacoluppa. 

ZAKNACTIA,  Zanna. 

ZARSA,  Bmilax  BaraaparQla. 

ZARZAPARILLA,  Smilax  BarsapariRa, 

ZEA  MAYS.  Z.  vubja're,  Maye,  M.  zea  seu 
America' na.  Ador,  Indian  Com,  Com,  Turkey  or 
Indian  Wheat,  Maize,  May,  (P.)  Matt,  Grain*  de 
Tttrquie,  Die  d'Inde  ou  d'Etpayne  ou  d'Jtnfie  ou 
de  Turqnie.  Ord.  Gramineae.  A  native  of  Ame- 
rica, and  much  used  over  the  whole  of  the  con- 
tinent as  an  article  of  diet.  It  is  ground  for  the 
same  purposes  as  wheat,  and  forms  an  excellent 
bread. 

£a  or  £aa,  was  the  ancient  name  of  a  sort  of 
corn. 

ZE DO AT  RE  ROXD,  Kaempferia  rotunda, 

ZEDOARIA,  Ksampferia  rotunda  —  z.  Longa, 
see  KsBmpferia —  z.  Rotunda,  see  Kaempferia. 

ZEDOARY,  Kaempferia  rotunda. 

ZELOSIS,  Zelo.typia, 

ZELOTYP'IA,  from  ^ao?,  'love,'  and  tvjtoj, 
'form.'  '  model;'  Zelo'sia.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  apply  this  name  to  the  violent  mental  affection 
produced  by  the  acknowledged  or  presumed  infi- 
delity of  a  beloved  object;  and  to  the  conse- 
quences of  such  affection;  —  melancholy,  mania, 
Ac. 

ZEMA,  Decoction. 

ZEN'ICON,  gm«»n  Ancient  name  of  a  Keltic 
poison,  used  for  poisoning  arrows. 

ZEOCRITON  DISTICHUM,  Hordeum  disti- 
chon. 

ZEPIIACII,  Peritonaeum. 

ZERMA,  Zerna. 

ZERNA,  Zerma.  Amongst  the  barbarous  La- 
tin writers  it  signified  ulcerated  impetigo,  Imjje- 
ti'go  ulcer  a' to. 

ZERUMI5ET,  Cassurauniar. 

ZESIS,  Effervescence,  Decoction. 

ZEST,  see  Citrus  medica. 

ZESTOLUSIA,  Bath,  hot. 

ZIBEBJB,  see  Yitis  vinifera. 

ZLRETHDM,  ('ivetta. 

ZIGNITB8,  Zingrites. 

ZINC,  Ziiirum,  ZinJcum,  Speltrwn,  Speauter, 
Tntenag,  Zinehum,  Zint,  Stannum  Tn'dicum.  Per- 
haps formed  etymologieally from  (G.)  Zin,  'Tin.' 
A  metal  obtained  from  calamine  and  blende.  Its 
colour  is  bluish-white  :  lustre  of  the  fresh  surface 
considerable,  but  soon  dulled,  from  the  facility 
with  which  it  oxidates:  hard;  texture  striated. 
S.  g.  M90.  Melts  at  700°  Fab.,  barns  with  a 
bright  Game  in  a  higher  temperature,  and  is  vo- 


latilized in  the  form  of  a  white,  flocculent  oxyd. 
[ts  use,  in  medicine,  is  in  the  formation  of  the 
following  preparations. 

ZINC,  ACETATE  DE,  Zinci  acetas— z.  But- 
ter of,  Zinci  cbloridum  —  z.  Chloride  of,  Zinci 
chloridum  —  ;.  Cklorwrede,  Zinci  cbloridum — s. 
Cyanure  de,  Zinci  eyanuretum —  z.  Ferrohydro- 
eyanate  of,  Zinci  eyanuretum  —  z.  Flowi 
Zinci  oxydum  —  z.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Zinci  eya- 
nuretum—  z.  Iodide  of,  Zinci  lodidum — z.  Iodu- 
ret  of,  Zinci  lodidum. 

Zinc  and  Mobph'ja,  Docble  I'ooide  of,  (F.) 
Iodure  double  de  Zinc  ct  de  Morphine.  This  salt 
is  prepared  by  boiling  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of 
morphia  with  water  and  zinc,  after  they  have 
acted  on  each  other  for  some  days;  Altering  and 
crystallizing.  It  is  considered  to  combine  the 
properties  of  morphia  and  the  salts  of  zinc,  and 
has  been  prescribed  as  an  anodyne  and  antispas- 
modic    Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

Z1XC,  OXIDE  DE,  Zinci  oxydum  —  z.  Oxyd 
of,  Zinci  oxydum. 

Zinc  and  Btbtch'hiA,  Doible  I'odide  of. 
This  Bait  is  prepared  by  digesting  for  several 
days  in  hot  water,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of  utrych- 
uia  and  zinc  ;  filtering  and  crystallizing.  It  has 
been  proposed  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 

ZINC,  SULFA  IE  DE,  Zinci  sulphas— z.  Sul- 
phate of,  Zinci  sulphas  —  z.  Yalerianate  of,  Zinci 
Valerianae. 

ZINC II  CM,  Zincum. 

ZINCI  ACETAS,  Ac"etate  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Ace- 
tate de  Zinc.  (Plnnibi  acet.  Ibj,  zinc.  gramtL 
Six,  aqua  dentillat.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  acetate 
of  lead  in  the  water,  and  filter.  Add  the  sine  to 
the  solution,  and  agitate  them  occasionally  to- 
gether, in  a  stopped  bottle,  for  five  or  six  hours, 
or  until  the  liquor  yields  no  precipitate  with  a 
solution  of  iodide  of  potassium.  Filter  the  liquor, 
evaporate  it  with  a  moderate  heat  to  one-fifth, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the 
liquid,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 

Should  the  crystals  be  coloured,  dissolve  them 
in  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  tl 
tion,  drop  into  it,  while  hot,  a  filtered  solution  of 
chlorinated  lime,  until  it  ceases  to  let  fall  Besqui- 
oxide  of  iron;  filter  the  liquor,  acidulate  it  with 
a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  evaporate,  and  crys- 
tallize.—/'/,. U.  N.i 

Frequently  used  to  form  a  gently  astringent 
wash  in  ophthalmia  and  other  local  inflamma- 
tions; and  as  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea. 

Zinci  Cakbonas  Impiiii  s.  Calamina. 

Zinc  i  Cak'bonas  Pr.ecipita'tcs,  Precip'itatcd 
oarhonati  of  Zinc  [Zinci  tulphaU,  *oda>  earbonat. 
iia  tt.j  ;  org.  bullient.  oong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  zinc  and  carbonate  of  soda  respectively  in  Oiv 
of  water.  Mix  the  solutions;  stir,  and  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Having 
poured  off  the  liquid,  wash  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate of  zinc  with  hot  water,  until  the  llnid  qf 
the  washings  is  nearly  tasteless,  and  dry  with  a 
gentle  heat.  —  Ph.  I'.  N.j  Used  to  prepare  the 
Zinci  oxidum. 

Zinci  Cakbonas  Pr.epabatus,  Calamina  prae- 
parata  —  z.  Chloridi  liquor,  see  Burnett's  Disin- 
fecting Liquid. 

Zinci  Chlo'ridttii',  Z.  chlorure'tum,  Zincum 
|  chlora'tum  seu  nuriat'icuM  {uu-ydatuin),  Chloride 


ZINCI   CHLORURETUM 


990 


ZOIATRIA 


or  Chloruret  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Chlorure.  de  Zinc. 
{Zinc,  in  frustulis,  3'jss;  acid,  nitric,  cretce 
praparat.  aa  gj  >  odd.  muriat.  q.  s.  To  the 
zinc,  in  the  porcelain  vessel,  add  gradually  suffi- 
cient muriatic  acid  to  dissolve  it;  strain,  add  the 
nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  to  dr}'ness.  Dissolve 
the  dry  mass  in  water,  add  the  chalk,  allow  the 
mixture  to  stand  for  24  hours,  filter,  and  again 
evaporate  to  dryness.  —  Ph.  U.S.)  It  is  very 
deliquescent  in  the  air,  forming  the  Butter  of 
Zinc,  Buty'rum  Ziuci. 

Chloride  of  Zinc  is  a  powerful  escharotic,  and 
has  been  lately  employed  as  an  effective  anti- 
septic. 

Zinci  Chloruretum,  Z.  chloridum. 

Zinci  Cyanure'tum,  Z.  cyan'idum  seu  Hydro- 
dy'anas  seu  Prus'sias,  Zincum  Cyanogen  a' turn 
seu  Borus'sicum  seu  Zobt'icnm,  Hydrocy'unate  of 
Zinc,  (F.)  Cyanure  de  Zinc.  This  salt  is  formed 
by  adding  sulphate  of  zinc  to  hydrocyanate  of 
potassa  so  long  as  any  precipitate  is  thrown  down. 
When  dried  and  calcined  at  a  low  heat,  the  pro- 
duct is  a  mixture  of  cyanuret  of  zinc  and  of  po- 
tassium. It  has  been  recommended  in  nervous 
cardialgia.  Dose,  from  one-sixteenth  to  one- 
twelfth  of  a  grain. 

It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  caustic;  one  part  of  the 
chloride  being  mixed  with  four,  three,  or  two 
parts  of  flour,  according  to  the  desired  strength, 
and  a  few  drops  of  water  being  added  to  form  a 
paste. 

Zinci  Ferrohydrocy'anas,  Zinci  ferrocya- 
vure'tum,  Cyanure'tum  Ferrozin'cicum,  Zincum 
Ferrohydrocyan'icum,  Ferrohydrocyanate  of  Zinc. 
Made  by  the  mutual  decomposition  of  boiling-hot 
solutions  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  ferrocyanate  of 
potassa.  It  has  been  recommended  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  last  preparation. 

Zinci  Hydrocyanas,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

Zinci  Iod'idum,  Z.  Iodure'tum,  Zincum  Ioda'- 
tmn.  lode' turn  Zinci  seu  Zin'cicum,  Proto'iodure'- 
tum  Zinci,  I'odide  or  Iod'uret  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Iodure 
de  Zinc.  This  salt  is  made  by  boiling  together 
iodine  and  zinc  to  dryness,  and  subliming.  An 
ointment,  composed  of  a  drachm  to  an  ounce  of 
lard,  has  been  used  in  cases  where  the  external 
use  of  iodide  of' potassium  is  indicated. 

Zinci  Ioduretum,  Z.  iodidum  —  z.  Nix,  Zinci 
oxydum. 

Zinci  Ox'ydum,  Zincum  calcina'tum,  Nihil 
Album,  Lana  Philosapho'rum  seu  Philosoph'ica, 
Nix  Zinci,  Nihil  Gris'eum,  Pom'phofyx,  O.ryd  of 
Zinc,  Flowers  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Oxide  ou  Bhnic  de 
Zinc.  (Procured  by  burning  zinc  in  a  long,  deep 
crucible,  placed  so  as  to  collect  the  sublimate. 
Also,  by  exposing  the  precipitate  thrown  down 
from  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  zinc  by  carbonate 
of  ammonia  to  a  strong  heat,  so  as  to  drive  off 
the  carbonic  acid.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and 
antispasmodic;  externally,  detergent  and  desic- 
cative.  Employed  in  epilepsy,  chorea,  &c.  For 
its  external  use,  see  Ung.  Zinci. 

Zinci  Oxydum  Impurum,  Tutia  —  z.  Prussias, 
Zinci  cyTanuretum. 

Zinci  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  Zincum  Vit- 
riobi'tum,  Vitrio'lum  Album  seu  Goslarien'se  seu 
Ziuci,  Sulphas  Zin'cicum,  Gilla  Vitrioli  seu  The- 
ephvau'ti,  Sal  Vitrioli  seu  Vomito'rium  Vitrioli, 
Uhalcau'thnm  Album.  White  Vitriol,  White  Cop- 
peras, (F.)  Sulfate  deJZinc.  (Zinc,  in  frustul. 
?|iv:  add.  sulphuric.  £\'y.  aqnee  destillat.  Oiv. 
To  the  zinc  and  water,  previously  introduced  into 
a  glass  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  sulphuric  acid, 
and,  when  the  effervescence  shall  have  ceased, 
filter  the  solution  through  paper;  then  boil  it 
down  till  a  pellicle  begins  to  form,  and  set  aside 
to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  The  sulphate  of  zinc 
iis  inodorous;  taste,  styptic.    It  is  in  white,  semi- 


transparent,  efflorescent  crystals;  soluble  in  three 
parts  of  water  at  00°.  It  is  emetic,  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, and,  externally,  astringent.  A  nos- 
trum, sold  under  the  name  Antipertus'sin,  and,  as 
its  title  imports,  given  in  hooping-cough,  con- 
tains this  salt  as  its  chief  ingredient.  It  is  emetic. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  x  to  gss;  as  a  tonic,  gr.  j 
to  ij.  Used  externally  as  a  collyrium,  gr.  j.  to 
water  f^j. 

Zinci  Valehia'nas,  Zincum  valerian' i cum,  Va- 
le'rianate  of  Zinc.  A  salt  formed  by  saturating 
valerianic  acid  with  freshly  prepared  carbonate 
of  zinc.  It  is  in  pure  white,  pearly  scales,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  a  tonic  in  neuralgic 
diseases,  epilepsy,  &c.  The  dose  is  one  or  two 
grains  several  times  a  day.  It  is  officinal  in  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 

ZINCUM,  Zinc  —  z.  Borussicum,  Zinci  cyanu- 
retum— z.  Calcinatum,  Zinci  oxydum — z.  Chlora- 
tum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Cyanogenatum,  Zinci 
cyanuretum  —  z.  Ferrohydrocyanicum,  Zinci  fer- 
rohydrocyanas  —  z.  Iodatum,  Zinci  iodidum  —  z. 
Muriaticum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Valerianicum, 
Zinci  valerianas — z.  Vitriolatum,  Zinci  sulphas — ■ 
z.  Zooticum,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

ZINGIBER,  Amomum  zingiber  —  z.  Cassumu- 
niar,  see  Cassumuniar  —  z.  Cliffordia,  see  Cassu- 
muniar — z.  Germanicum,  Arum  maculatum  —  z. 
Officinale,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Purpureutn,  see 
Cassumuniar  —  z.  Spurium,  see  Cassumuniar — z. 
Zeruinbet,  see  Cassumuniar. 

ZINGIBERIN,  Piperoid. 

ZINGRI'TES,  Zigni'tes.  A  stone,  resembling 
glass;  to  which  the  ancients  attributed  marvel- 
lous properties. 

ZINKUM,  Zincum. 

ZINT,  Zincum. 

ZINZIBER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

ZIPIIAC,  Peritoneum. 

ZIRBUS,  Epiploon  —  z.  Adipinus,  Epiploon, 
gastro-colic. 

ZIZA'NIA  AQUAT'ICA,  Wild  Rice;  Ord. 
Graminere;  called  by  the  Indians,  Menomene, 
grows  abundantly  on  the  marshy  margins  of  the 
northern  lakes  and  waters  of  the  upper  branches 
of  the  Mississippi.  The  grain  resembles  oats. 
It  furnishes  the  northern  savages  and  the  Cana- 
dian traders  and  hunters  with  their  annual  sup- 
plies of  grain.  Zi^avtov  was  the  ancient  name  of 
some  wild  grain. 

ZIZYPHUM,  Jujube. 

ZIZYPHUS  JUJUBA,  see  Jujube— z.  Nitida, 
see  Jujube. 

Zizyphus  GLnop'lia,  Z.  Napeca;  Ord.  Rham- 
naceae;  common  all  over  India.  The  fruit  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is  of  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  A  decoction  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root 
is  used  to  promote  the  healing  of  fresh  wounds. 

Zizyphus  Sativa,  see  Jujube  —  z.  Sylvestris, 
see  Jujube. 

ZOA'GRIA.  from  £w>/,  'life,'  and  aypew,  'I 
catch  up.'  The  saving  and  preservation  of  life. 
Zo'dsis.  A  reward  for  preserving  life:  Sostrvm. 
A  votive  offering  hung  up  in  the  temples  for  a  life 
saved. 

ZOANTHRO'PIA,  3relanchol'ia  zoiinthro'pia, 
from  faov,  'an  animal,'  and  uvS/iunos,  'a  man.' 
A  species  of  monomania,  in  which  the  patient 
believes  himself  transformed  into  an  animal. 
Lycanthropia  and  Cynanthropia  belong  to  this 
species  of  monomania. 

ZOARA,  Insomnia. 

ZOE.  Life. 

ZOGRAPHIA,  Zoographia. 

ZOIATRIA,  Veterinary  art. 


ZOIA Til  US 


001 


ZYGOMA  TIQUE 


ZOTATR  US.  Ilippiater. 

ZOMIDIUM,  Jus. 

'/.<  >M<  )S,  (bneommJ,  Jus. 

ZONA.  Herpes  setter —  z.  Csstitatis,  Hymen 
—  /..  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  zone —  z.  Ignea,  Herpes 
zoster. 

Zona  Pblli  '■  i r >  v .  Ootem'ma  p<  Wu'cidum,  Yit' 
eUary  membrane,  Chorion  (of  some  .  (F.)  Vitel- 
line, Membrane  vitelline.  The  membrane  that 
•unrounds  the  yolk  in  the  mammalia  is  so  called 
"tuit  of  its  thiekness  and  peculiar  trans- 
pare]. 

Zos  \  Skim'IGIN'OSA,  Herpes  zoster. 

/.  '\\  TlKDIHO'SA.  The  whitish  circle  aronnd 
the  aiiriculo-vciitricular  orifice  of  the  right  Bide 
of  the  heart. 

Zona  Vikginitatis,  Hymen. 

ZONE,  Cingulum. 

ZONULA  CILIARIS,  see  Ciliary,  nnd  Ciliary 
zone  —  z.  Cochlea),  see  Lamina  spiralis  —  z.  Hil- 
duni,  Cingulum  Hildani  —  z.  Zinnii,  see  Ciliary 

Z00BI0L0GIA,  see  Physiology. 

ZOOCIIKMIA,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOCIIKMTCAL.  Zodchym'ieal, Zooekem'i ens, 
Zooehym'iene.  Appertaining  or  having  relation 
to  animal  chymistry. 

ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOCI1YMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOGENIUM,  Asote. 

ZOOG"ENY,  ZoQgen'ia,  Zoogen'eeie,  from  £wov, 
'animal.' and  ytviais,  'generation.'  The  doctrine 
of  animal  formation. 

ZOOG'RAPHY,  Zobgro'pkia,  Zogra'phia,  from 
faov,  and  ypa<prj,  'a  description.'  A  description 
of  animals.      The  natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOIIEMATIXE,  Hsematine. 

ZOOHY'LAS,  from  £u»oi-,  and  S»X«j,  'matter.' 
Animal  matter. 

ZOOHY'LICA  CONCREMEN'TA.  Concre- 
tions formed  of  animal  matter. 

ZOO r A* SIS,  Veterinary  art. 

ZO'OID,  Zooi'dee,  Zoo' den;  from  ^uov,  'ani- 
mal,' and  ctlos,  'resemblance.1  Resembling  or 
jing  to  an  animal.  Every  living  cell  may 
1  •  regarded  as  a  Zooid. 

ZOOL'OGIST,  ZoSlogie'ta,  ZooVogum,  from 
faov,  and  Aoyoj,  '  description.'  One  skilled  in  the 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOL'OGY,  Zo8log"ia.  Same  etymon.  The 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOMAGXETISM US,  Magnetism,  animal. 

ZOOMYCUS,  Mucus. 

ZOOMYXA,  Mucus. 

ZOON,    Animal. 

ZOdi(Q}L,IA,OrganoKoo'noM'ia,Zo'dn'omytfrom 
and  voftoi,  'law.'  The  laws  which  govern 
the  organic  actions  of  animals  in  general  : — Ani- 
mal I'h yeiol'ogy,  Zoophyeiolog"ia. 

ZOONOSOLOG"IA,  from  ^ov,  vooos,  'a  dis- 
ii). 1  \oyo<;,  'a  description.'  The  nosology 
of  animals. 

ZOOPATHOLOG"IA,  from  &ov,  -a9os,  'a  dis- 
md  Aoyoj,  '  a  description.'  The  pathology 
of  animals. 

ZOOPH'AGOUS,  Zooph'ague,  (Y.)  Zodpkage, 
from  (imt,  and  0ayw,  *  I  cat.'  Feeding  on  ani- 
mals.     Carnivorous. 

•PHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia. 

/.•KJPHYSIOLOGIA,  Physiology, animal,  Zo- 

onomia. 

EO'OPHYTB,  ZoiJpk'ytnm,  Plytnvo'iSn,  Animal 
plant,  from  £wov,   and  yvrov,   'a  plant."     A  name 


given  to  the  lowesl  class  of  animals,  which  seem  to 
form  the  transition  between  the  animal  and  the 
vegetable  kingdoms. 

ZOOS  IS,  Animation,  Zoagria. 

ZOOSPERM  \TA,  Spermatosoa. 

ZOOSPERMES,  Spermatozoa. 

ZOOTHAP'SIS,  from  £m«,  '  lite.'  and  Ouirru,  'I 
inter.'     Burial  alive.     Premature  interment. 

ZOOT'OMIST,  Zootom'ieue.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.      One  who  dissects  animals. 

ZOOT'OMY,  Zobtom'ia,  from  £(#«»,  and  rt/Mw, 
'I  cut.'  Anatom'ia  anima'lie  sen  compnruti'va 
sen  eompara'ta,  Theriot'omg,  Comparative  Ana- 
tonnj.  The  anatomy  of  animal.-.  Animal  ana- 
tomy. 

ZOPISSA,  see  Pinna  sylvestris. 

ZOPYRON,  Fomites. 

ZOSTER,  Herpes  zoster. 

ZOSTERA  MARINA,  PUa  marina  —  s.  Mari- 

tima,  Pila  marina. 

ZOSTERE,  Pila  marina. 

ZOUZINETTE,  Narcissus  pseudonarci- 

ZOZAR,  Saocharam. 

ZUCAKO.  Saccharum. 

ZUCCARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHAR,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHRA,  Saccharum. 

ZULAPIUM,  Julep. 

ZYGAPOPHYSES,  see  Vertebrae. 

ZYGOMA,  Malie  os. 

ZYGOMAT'IC,  Zygomat'icne,  Juga'lis,  Jugal, 
(F.)  Zygomatiqne.  That  which  relates  to  the 
zygoma  or  cheek-bone. 

Zygomatic  Arch,  see  Zygomatic  process  —  z. 
Bone,  Malsa  os. 

Zygomatic  Fossa  is  thespnee  included  between 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  outer  ala  of  the  pte- 
rygoid process,  and  the  crista  which  descends 
from  the  malar  tuberosity  to  the  superior  alveolar 
margin. 

Zygomatic  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1. 
Zygomat'ictu  major,  Dietort'or  Oris,  (F.)  Zygo- 
mato-labial  (Ch.),  Muscle  grand  zygomatiqne, 
which  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  fore-part  and 
sides  of  the  face.  It  is  a  small,  rounded  muscle; 
arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  os  malse,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which  it 
raises  and  draws  outwards.  It  acts  principally 
in  laughing.  2.  Zygomat'icne  minor,  (F.)  Petit 
Zygomato-labial,  (Ch  \  Petit  Zygomatiqne,  does 
not  always  exist.  It  is  situate  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  last;  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the 
OS  malm,  and  is  inserted  at  the  corner  of  the 
mouth,  or  rather  into  the  upper  lip,  which  it  raises 
and  draws  outwards. 

Zygomatic  Process,  Proeee'eue  wggomaficut, 
Apoph'yeie  Zygomat'ica,  Malar  or  Jugal  proeeee, 
I'.  Apophyee  Zygomatiqne, unset  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  temporal  bone  by  two  roots,  one  of 
which  is  transverse,  (Condyle  du  temporal,  Ch.,) 
ami  the  other  longitudinal  :  between  them  is  the 
glenoid  cavity.  The  process  passes  forwards, 
and  i-  articulated  with  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
os  mala?,  with  which  it  forms  a  bony  bridgo, 
Bailed  the  Zygomatic  area,  Arcue  sen  Pout 
maficue,  (  F.  i  Arcade  Zygomatiqne,  The  cavity, 
beneath  this  bridge,  is  sometimes  called  Zygo'ma. 

Zygomatii  Si  ruRf  is  placed  between  the  zy- 
gomatic parts  of  the  temporal  and  cheek  bones; 

and   slants  obliquely  downwards   and  backwards. 

ZYGOMA  TIQUE,  Zygomatic—*   Grand, 
aticus     major  —  z.     Petit,     Zygomaticus 

minor. 


ZYGOMATO-LABIAL 


992 


ZYTHUS 


ZYGOMATO-LABIAL,  Zygomaticus  major 
■ — z.  Labial,  petit,  Zygomaticus  major — z.  Maxil- 
laire,  Masseter — z.  Oriculaire,  Anterior  auris. 

ZYGOPHYL'LUM  FABA'GO,  (F.)  Fabagelle. 
Ord.  Zygophyllacese.  A  Syrian  and  Mauritanic 
plant,  possessed  of  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  It 
has  vermifuge  properties.  The  Arabs  believe 
that  the  recently  expressed  juice  of  Zygophyllwm 
simplex,  is  capable  of  removing  specks  from  the 
cornea. 

ZYMA,  Ferment. 

ZYMOMA,  Ferment. 


ZYMOSIS,  Fermentation,  see  Zymotic. 

ZYMOT'IC,  Zymot'icus,  (F.)  Zymotique,  from 
$v[iou>,  '  to  ferment.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
fermentation.  A  zymotic  disease  is  any  epidemic, 
endemic,  contagious  or  sporadic  affection,  which 
is  produced  by  some  morbific  principle  acting  on 
the  organism  similar  to  a  ferment  —  as  the  major 
exanthemata,  pyohsemia,  &c.  Zymoses  has  been 
used  by  some  to  signify  such  affections. 

ZYTHOGALA,  Posset. 

ZYTHUM,  Cerevisia. 

ZYTHUS,  Cerevisia. 


THE   END. 


BLANCH ARD  &  LEA'S 
MEDICAL  AXD  SURGICAL  PTJBLICATIOXS. 


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TODD  AND  BOWMAN'S  PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY  AND  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  MAN. 
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Address  BLANCHARD  &  LEA,  Philadelphia. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS, 


ALLEN    (J.    M.)f    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  Ac. 

THE  PRACTICAL  ANATOMIST;  or,  The  Student's  Guide  in  the  Dissecting. 

ROOM.     With  266  illustrations.     In  one  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  bOO  pages,  lea* 

ther.     $235.     (Just  Issued.) 

In  the  arrangement  of  this  work,  the  author  has  endeavored  to  present  a  complete  and  thorough 
course  of  dissections  in  a  clearer  and  more  available  form  for  practical  use,  than  has  a^  yet  been 
accomplished.  The  chapters  follow  each  other  iti  the  order  in  which  dissections  are  usually  eon- 
ducted  in  this  country,  and  as  each  region  is  taken  up.  every  detail  regarding  it  is  fully  described 
and  illustrated,  so  thai  the  student  is  not  interrupted  in  his  labors,  by  the  necessity  of  referring  from 
one  portion  of  the  volume  to  another. 


However  valuable  may  be  the  "Dissector's 
Guides''  which  we,  of  late,  have  bad  occasion  to 
notice,  we  feel  confident  tliat  the  work  of  Dr.  Allen 
is  superior  to  any  of  them.  We  believe  with  the 
author,  that  none  is  so  fully  illustrated  as  this,  and 
the  arrangement  of  the  work  is  such  as  to  facilitate 
the  labors  of  the  student  in  acquiring  a  thorough 
practical  knowledge  of  Anatomy.  We  most  cordi- 
ally recommend  it  to  their  attention.—  Western  Lan- 
cet, Dec.  1-Ou. 

We  believe  it  to  be  one  of  the  most  useful  works 
upon  the  subject  ever  written.  It  is  handsomely 
nlustrated,  well  printed,  and  will  be  found  of  con- 
venient size  for  use  in  the  dissecting-room.— M*d. 
Examiner,  Dec.  1?M. 


From  Prof.  J.  S.  Davis,  University  of  Va. 

I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  work  that  attains  so 
fully  the  object  which  it  proposes. 

From   C.    P.  Fanner,  M.  D.,  Demonstrator,    Uni- 
versity of  Michigan. 

I  have  examined  the  work  briefly,  but  even  this 
examination  has  convinced  nit  that  it  it  an  excellent 
guide  for  the  Dissector.  Its  illustrations  are  beau- 
tiful, and  more  than  1  have  seen  in  a  woik  of  this 
kind.  1  shall  take  great  pleasure  in  recommending 
it  to  my  classes  as  the  text-book  of  the  dissecting- 
room. 


ANALYTICAL    COMPENDIUM 


OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE,  containing  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Surgery,  Midwifery, 

Chemistry]  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  By  John  Neill,  M.  D., 
and  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D.  New  and  enlarged  edition,  one  thick  volume  royal  12mo.  of  over 
1000  page^,  with  374  illustrations.     ^~  See  Neill,  p.  24. 


ABEL   (F.    A.),    F.  C.  S.    AND    C.    L.    BLOXAM. 

HANDBOOK  OF  CHEMISTRY,  Theoretical,  Practical,  and  Technical;  with  a 
Recommendatory  Preface  by  Dr.  Hofmann.  In  one  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  662 
pages,  with  illustrations.     §3  25. 

ASHWELL    (SAMUEL),    M.D., 

Obstetric  Physician  and  Lecturer  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN. 

Illustrated  by  Cases  derived  from  Hospital  and  Private  Practice.  Third  American,  /rom  the  Third 
and  revised  London  edition.     In  one  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  528  pages.     $3  00. 
The  most  useful  practical  work  on  the  subject  in  I      The  most  able,  and  certainly  the  most  standard 
the   English   language.  —  Boston  Med.  and  Surg,     and  practical,  work  on  female  diseases  that  we  have 
Journal.  |  yet  seen.— Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 


ARNOTT   (NEILL),  M.  D. 
ELEMENTS    OF    PHYSICS;    or  Natural  Philosophy,   General  and  Medical. 
Written  for  universal  use,  in  plain  or  non-technical  language.     A  new  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays, 
M.  D.     Complete  in  one  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  484  pages,  with  about  two  hundred  illustra- 
tions.    $2  50.  

BUDD  (GEORGE),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  King's  College,  London. 

ON   DISEASES   OF   THE   LIVER.      Third   American,  from    the    third    and 
enlarged  London  edition.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  four  beauti- 
fully colored  plates,  and  numerous  wood-cuts.     pp.  500.     $3  00.     (Now  Ready.) 
Has  fairly  established  for  itself  a  place  among  the  ,  is  not  perceptibly  changed,  the  history  of  liver  dis- 
obissical    medical    literature   of  England.— British     eases  is  made  more  complete,  and  is  kept  upon  a  level 
and  Foreign  Mtdico-Chir.  Review,  July,  1857.  with  the  progress  of  modern  science.     Jt  is  the  best 

Dr.  Budd's  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Liver  is  W()rlJ  on^1?e^es  of  tl,e>iver  in  "»>'  language.— 
now  a  standard  work  in  Medical  literature,  and  dnr-  London  Med.  Fimes  and  Gazette,  June  27,  1S57. 
mg  the  intervals  which  have  elupsed  between  the  This  work,  now  the  standard  book  of  reference  on 
successive  editions,  the  author  ha8  incorporated  into  the  diseases  of  which  it  treats,  has  been  carefully 
the  text  the  most  striking  novelties  which  have  cha-  revised,  and  many  new  illustrations  of  the  views  o'f 
ructenzed  the  recent  progress  of  hepatic  physiology  the  learned  author  added  in  the  prevent  edition.— 
and  pathology;  so  thatalthough  the  size  of  the  book     Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Aug.  1&57. 

\ 
BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

ON  THE   ORGANIC  DISEASES   AND   FUNCTIONAL  DISORDERS  OF 

THE  STOMACH.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $1  50. 

From  the  high  position  occupied  by  Dr.  Hudd  as  style,  the  subjectsare  well  arranged,  and  the  practi- 
a  teacher,  a  writer,  and  a  practitioner,  it  is  almost  cal  precepts,  both  of  diagnosis  and  treatment,  denote 
BeedlesB  to  state  that  the  present  book  may  be  con-  the  character  of  u  thoughtful  and  experienced  phy- 
■ulted  with  great  advantage.  It  is  written  in  an  easy    sician. —London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette. 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


BROWN    (ISAAC 

Surgeon- Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

ON  SOME  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN  ADMITTING  OF  SURGICAL  TREAT- 
MENT.    With  handsome  illustrations.     One  vol.  8vo.,  extra  cloth,  pp  276.     $1  60. 
Mr.  Brown  has  earned  for  himself  a  high  reputa-  I  and  merit  the  careful  attention   of  every   eurgeon- 


tion  in  the  operative  treatment  of  sundry  diseases    accoucheur. — Association  Journal 
and  injuries  to  which  females  are  peculiarly  subject. 
We  can  truly  say  of  his  work  fhat  it  is  an  important 
addition   to   obstetrical   literature.     The  operative 


We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  book 
to  the  careful  attention  of  all   surgeons  who  make 


BUgeestiona  and  contrivances  which  Mr.  Brown  d<-    female  complaints  a  part  of  their  study  and  practice, 
bes,  exhibit  much  practical  sagacity  and  skill,  |  -Dublin  quarterly  Journal. 


sen 


BENNETT    (J.    HUGHES),    M.D.,    F.  R.S.E., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT  OP  PULMONARY  TUBERCU- 
LOSIS, and  on  the  Local  Medication  of  Pharyngeal  and  Laryngeal  Diseases  frequently  mistaken 
for  or  associated  with.  Phthisis.     One  vol.  8vo., extra  cloth,  with,  wood-cuts.    pp.  130.     §1  25. 


BENNETT   (HENRY),  M.  D. 
A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE    ON  INFLAMMATION  OF   THE  UTERUS, 

ITS  CERVIX  AND  APPENDAGES,  and  on  its  connection  with  Uterine  Disease.  Fourth 
American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.  To  which  is  added  [July,  1856),  aEEViEW 
of  the  Present  State  of  Uterine  Pathology.  Tn  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of 
500  pa^es,  with  wood-cuts.  $2  00  Also,  the  "Review,"  for  sale  separate.  Price  50  cents. 
The  addition  of  the  "Review"  presents  the  recent  aspects  of  the  questions  discussed  in  this 
well-known  work. 

This  edition  has  been  carefully  revised  and  altered,  I  When,  a  few  years  back,  the  first  edition  of  the 
and  various  additions  have  been  made,  which  render  present  work  was  published,  the  subject  was  one  al- 
it  more  complete,  and,  if  possible,  more  worthy  of  most  entirely  unknown  to  the  obstetrical  celebrities 
the  hiarh  appreciation  in  which  it  is  held  by  the  of  the  day  ;  and  even  now  we  have  reason  to  know 
medical  profession  throughout  the  world.  A  copy  that  the  bulk  of  the  profession  are  not  fully  alive  to 
should  be  in  the  possession  of  every  physician. —  the  importance  and  frequency  of  the  disease  of  which 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review.  it  takes  cognizance.     The  present  edition  is  so  much 

We  are  firmly  of  opinion  that  in  proportion  as  a    enlarged    altered,  and  improved,  that  it  can  scarcely 
knowledge  of  uterine  diseases  becomes  more  appre-    |?f_™?sldered  tiie  saiue  work.— Dr.  banking's  Ab- 
ciated.  this  work  will  be  proportionably  established 
as  a  text- book  in  the  profession. — The  Lancet. 


stract. 


BIRD  (GOLDING),  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  &c. 
URINARY     DEPOSITS:     THEIR     DIAGNOSIS,     PATHOLOGY,    AND 

THERAPEUTICAL  INDICATIONS.  A  new  and  enlarged  American,  from  a  late  improved 
London  edition.  With  over  sixty  illustrations.  In  one  royall"2mo.  vol,  extra  cloth,  pp.372.  $130. 
It  can  scarcely  be  necessary  for  us  to  say  anything  extension  and  satisfactory  employment  of  our  thera- 
of  the  merits  of  this  well-known  Treatise,  which  so  peutic  resources.  In  the  preparation  of  this  new 
admirably  brings  into  practical  application  the  re-  edition  of  his  work,  it  is  obvious  that  Dr.  Golding 
suits  of  those  microscopical  and  chemical  researches  Bird  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  repre- 
regarding  the  physiology  and  pathology  of  the  uri-  sentation  of  the  present  state  of  scientific  knowledge 
nary  secretion,  which  have  contributed  so  mach  to  on  the  subject  it  embraces.—  TheBritish  and  Foreign 
the  increase  of  our  diagnostic  powers,  and  to  the     Medico-C hirurgical  Review. 

BY    THE   SAME    AUTHOR. 

ELEMENTS  OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY;   being  an  Experimental  Intro- 

duction  to  the  Physical  Sciences.     Illustrated  with  nearly  four  hundred  wood-cuts.     From  the 
third  London  edition.     In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo,  extra  cloth,     pp.402.     SI  25. 


BOWMAN  (JOHN    E.),  M.D. 
PRACTICAL    HANDBOOK    OF    MEDICAL    CHEMISTRY.     Second  Ame- 
rican, from  the  third  and  revised  English  Edition.    In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  clolh, 
with  numerous  illustrations,     pp.  2b8.     $1  25. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

INTRODUCTION  TO  PRACTICAL  CHEMISTRY,  INCLUDING  ANA- 
LYSIS. Second  American,  from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.  With  numerous  illus- 
trations.   In  one  neat  vol.,  royal  l2mo.,  extra  cloth,    pp.  350.    $1  25. 


BEALE  ON  THE  LAWS  OF  HEALTH  IN  RE-     BUCKLER  ON  THE  ETIOLOGY.  PATHOLOGY, 
LATION  TO  MIND  AND  BODY.     A  Series  of        AyiD    TREATMENT   OF    FIBRO-BRONCH I- 
Letters  from  an  old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient.     In!      TIS   AND    RHEUMATIC    PNEUMONIA.      In 
one  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,     pp.  296.        one  8vo.  volume,  extra  cloth,     pp.150.    $1  25. 
80  cents.  |  BLOOD    AND     URINE  (MANUALS   ON).     BY 

BUSHNAN'S  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  ANIMAL  AND  I      JOHN    WILLIAM     GRIFFITH      G      OWEN 


VEGETABLE  LIFE  ;  a  Popular  Treatise  on  the 
Functions  and  Phenomena  of  Organic  Life.  In 
one  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth, 
with  over  100  illustrations,    pp.234.    80  cents. 


REESE,  AND    ALFRED    MARKWICK.      One 
thick   volume,   royal    12mo.,    extra   cloth,    with 
plates,    pp.  460.     SI  25. 
BRODIE'S    CLINICAL   LECTURES    ON   SUR- 
GERY.    1  vol.  8vo.,  cloth.    350  pp.    §125. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


BARCLAY  (A.  W.)     M.  D., 
Assistant  Physician  fc    8  b's  Hospital,  &0. 

A  MANUAL  OF  MEDICAL  DIAGNOSIS;    being  an  Analysis  of  the  g 
anil  Symptom*  of  Disease.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  •  a.    [Now  Ready.) 

$2  00. 
Of  v.-  ively  devoted  to  this  important    has  not  exceeded  his  powers.    We  have  thus  given 

branch   our  p  ias  at  command,  compare-    a  specimen  of  Barclay's  generalizing  spirit  in  one 

lively,  but  few,  nnd, therefore,  in  the  publication  of    direction;  but  the  same  pervades  his  whole  work. 

the  present    ••  ichard  &    Lea  have    and  will,  we  are  sore,  induce  teachers  to  recommend 


conferred  ■  (treat  favor  upon  us.    Dr.  liarcl  > 

ied,  for  a  Long  period,  the  position  of 

:l,     pOS- 

for  correct  observation  and  reli- 
able conclusions,  as  to  th<  if  symptoms, 
which  have  fallen  to  the  lol  of  but  few,  either  in 

h's   own   or  any  other  country.      He    has   carefully 


fly  to  their  pupils.     It  is  impossible  lor  us 

lie  re  to  follow  the  hook  into  its  particulars]  and, in- 

deed,  we  think  it  enough  to  indicate  .  edone, 

the  importance  of  the  teaching  which  it  offers  to  the 

rising  generation  of  medicine,  to  insure  for  it  a  hearty 

a  at  the  hands  of  the  profession.     It  is  trie 

work  of  a  physician  and  a  gentleman.— Briti 


systematized  t lie  results  of  his  observation  of  over  ,  Journal,  Dec.  5.  185 

thousand   patients,  and  l.y  his  diligence  and         yVe  |,,,,H.  t)u.  Vl,!„,ne  will  have  an  extensive  eir- 

judicious    classification,   the    profession   has  been  i  eolation  .not  among  students  of  medicine  only,  bat 
presented  with  the  ivenient  and  reliable    prRCtitioners  also.    They  will  never  regret  a  faith- 

work  on  the  subject  ol  D  it  it  has  been    ftti  Btudy  of  its  pages— C»netn«at»I.a»cei  Mar. '58. 

fortune  ever  to  examine;  we  ean,  there 


of  i  r   Barclay 'a  work,  that  from 
tematic  manner  of  arrangement,  lus  work  is  one  of 

tie  best  works  ••for  reference"  in  the  daily  emer- 
-  of  the  practitioner,  with  which  we  are  ac- 
quainted ;   hut,  at  the  same  time,  we  would   recom- 
mend our  res  -        ially  the  younger  ■ 
read  thoroughly  and  study  diligently  ti. 
and  the  "emergencies"  will  not  occur  so  often. — 

Southern  Med.  mid  Sur^;.  Joum..  March,  1 

To  give  tli is  information,  to  supply  this  admitted 
deficiency,  is  the  object  of  Dr.  Barclay's  .Manual. 

isk  of  composing  such  a  work   is   neil 
easy  nor  a  liuht  one  ;  hut  Dr.  Barclay  has  performed 


Manual  of  Medical  Diagnosis  is  one  of  the 
entitle,  useful,  and  Instructive  works  of  its 

kind   that  we   have  ever   read,  and   Dr.   Barclay  has 

done  good  service  to  medical  science  in  collecting, 

arranging,  and  analyzing   the  signs  and   symptoms 

any  diseases.    It  must  have  cost  hit 

labor,  and  the  profession  should  show  their  appre 
elation  of  it  by  their  desire  to  procure  and  apply  its 
valuable  hints  and  suggestions  to  the  thousand  ob- 
scure cases  which  perplex  and  baffle  the  unaided 
efforts  of  any  one  man,  be  he  ever  so  wise,  and  his 
Opportunities  I  I.     Another  most  valuable 

feature  in  the  work   is   that  it  has  been   furnished 
with  a   copious   index,  which  increases    its  utility 


it  in  a  manner  which  meets  our  most  unqualified    very  much  as  a  volume  ot  reference. — A  .  . 
approbation.     He  is  no  mere  theorist;  he  knows  his    and  Surg.  Reporter,  March,  1858. 
Work  thoroughly,  and  in  attempting  to  perforin  it,  , 


BARLOW    (GEORGE  H.),    M .  D. 

Physician  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     With  Additions  by  D- 

F.  CONTJIE,  M.  D.,  author  of  *' A  Practical  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  Children,"  &C.     In  one  iiand- 
xiiiiL'  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  over  b00  pages.     {A  new  work,  just  issued,  1856.)     S2  75. 

We  recommend  Dr.  Barlow's  Manual  in  the  warm-     will  be  found  hardly  less  useful  to  the  experienced 
est  manner  as  a  most  valuable  vade-mecum.     We    physician.     The  American  editor  has  added  to  the 


have  had  frequent  occasion  to  consult  it,  and  have 
found  it  clear,  concise,  practical,  and  sound.  It  is 
eminently  a  practical  work,  containing  all  that  is 

essential',  and  avoiding  useless  theoretical  discus- 


work  three  chapters — on  Cholera  Infantum,  Yellow 
Fever,  and  Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis.  These  addi- 
tions, the  two  first  of  which  are  indispensable  to  a 
work  on  practice  destined  for  the  profession  in  this 


sion.  The  work  supplies  what  has  been  for  some  ,  country,  are  executed  with  great  judgment  and  fi- 
. :. 1 1 )'ir -  a  manual  of  practice  based  upon  mo-  delity,  by  Dr.  Condie,  who  has  also  succeeded  hap- 
deru  discoveries  in  pathology  and  rational  views  of  pily  in  imitating  the  conciseness  and  clearness  of 
treatment  of"  disease.  It  is  especially  intended  for  style  which  are  such  agreeable  characteristics  of 
the  use  of  students  and  junior  practitioners,  but  it    the  original  book. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BARTLETT  (ELISHA),  M .  D. 
THE   HISTORY,  DIAGNOSIS,   AND  TREATMENT   OF  THE   FEVERS 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.     A  new  and  revised  edition.     By  Alonzo  Clakk,  M.  L)  ,  Prof, 
of  Pathology  and  Practical  Medicine  in  the  N.  V.  College  of  Physicians  mid   Surgeons,  Sec    in 

one  octavo  volume,  of  six  hundred  pages,  extra  cloth.  (Now  Ready.)   Price  $3  00. 

It  is  the  best  work  on  fevers  which  has  emanated     logy.     His  annotations  add  much  to  the  interest  of 
from  the  American  press    and  the  present  editor  has     the  work,  and  have  brought  it  well  up  to  the  condi 
carefully  availed  himself  of  all   information  exist- 
a  the  subject  in  the  Old  and  New  World,  so 
that  the  duct nnes advanced  are  brought  down  to  the 


latest    date   in    the    progress  of   this  department   of 
Science. — London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette, 
May  -J.  L857. 

This  excellent  monograph  on  febrile  disease,  hns 
stood  deservedly  high  since  its  first  publication.  It 
will  be  seen  that  it  has  now  reached  its  fourth  edi- 
tion under  the  supervision  of  Prof.  A.  Clark, 
tleumti  who.  from  the  nature  of  his  studies  and  pur- 
suits, is  well  calculated  to  appreciate  and  discuss 
the  many  intricate  and  difioult  questions  in  patho- 


tion   Of  the   science-  as   it  exists  at   the   present   day 

in  regard  to  this  class  of  diseases. — Southern  Mt  /. 

and  >i<rg.  Journal,  .Mar.  1857. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  practical  value  and  interest, 
containing  much  that  is  new  relative  to  the 

-  of  which  it  treats,  and,  with  the  additions 
Of  the  editor,  is  fully  up  to  the  tunes.  The  distinct- 
ive features  of  the  different  forms  of  fever  are  plainly 
and  forcibly  portrayed,  and  the  lines  Of  demarcation 
carefully  and  accurately  drawn,  and  to  the  Ameri- 
can practitioner  is  a  more  valuable  and  safe  guide 
than  any  work  on  fever  extant.  —  Ohio  M 
Surt;    Journal,  May,  lc37. 


CURLING    (T.     B.),    F.  R.S., 
Surgeon  to  the  London  Hospital,  President  of  the  llunterian  Society,  Ac. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  TESTIS,  SPERMA- 
TIC COED,  AND  SCROTUM.  Second  American,  from  the  second  and  enlarged  English  edi- 
tion. Iii  one  handsome  OCtaTO  volume,  extra  eloth,  with  numerous  illustrations,  pp.  1JU.  {Just 
hsut  |2  UU. 


RLANCHARD  &  LEA'S    MEDICAL 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM    B.),   M 

Examiner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  London. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY;  with  their  chief  applications  to 

Psychology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene,  and  Forensic  Medicine.  A  new  American,  from 
the  last  and  revised  London  edition.  With  nearly  three  hundred  illustrations.  Edited,  with  addi- 
tions, by  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Medical  College,  &c.  In  one  very  large  and  beautiful  octavo  volume,  of  about  nine  hundred 
large  pages,  handsomely  printed  and  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.  (Just  Issued, 
1856.)    $4  25. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  new  edition,  the  author  has  spared  no  labor  to  render  it,  as  heretofore, 
a  complete  and  lucid  exposition  of  the  most  advanced  condition  of  its  important  subject.  The 
amount  of  the  additions  required  to  effect  this  object  thoroughly,  joined  to  the  former  large  size  of 
the  volume,  presenting  objections  arising  from  the  unwieldy  bulk  of  the  work,  he  has  omitted  all 
those  portions  not  bearing  directly  upon  Human  Physiology,  designing  to  incorporate  them  in 
his  forthcoming  Treatise  on  General  Physiology.  As  a  full  and  accurate  text-book  on  the  Phy- 
siology of  Man,  the  work  in  its  present  condition  therefore  presents  even  greater  claims  upon 
the  student  and  physician  than  those  which  have  heretofore  won  for  it  the  very  wide  and  distin- 
guished favor  which  it  has  so  long  enjoyed.  The  additions  of  Prof.  Smith  will  be  found  to  supply 
whatever  may  have  been  wanting  to  the  American  student,  while  the  introduction  of  many  new 
illustrations,  and  the  most  careful  mechanical  execution,  render  the  volume  one  of  the  most  at- 
tractive as  yet  issued. 

For  upwards  of  thirteen  years  Dr.  Carpenter's!      To  eulogize  this  great  work  would  he  superfluous 

work  has   been  considered  by  the  profession  gene-  "We  should  observe,  however,  that  in  this  edition 

rally,  both  in  this  country  and  England,  as  the  most  the   author  has  remodelled  a  large  portion  of  the 

valuable  compendium  on  the  subject  of  physiology  former,  and  the  editor  has  added  much  matter  of  in- 

in  our  language.    This  distinction  it  owes  to  the  high  terest,  especially  in  the  form  of  illustrations.     We 

attainments  and  unwearied  industry  of  its  accom-  may  confidently  recommend  it  as  the  most  complete 

plished  author.     The  present  edition  (which,  like  the  work   on   Human    Physiology   in  our    language. — 

last  American  one,  was  prepared  by  the  author  him-  Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  December.  1855. 

self),  is  the  result  of  such  extensive  revision  that  it  The  most  compiete  work  on  the  science  in  our 

may  almost  be  considered  a  new  work.     We  need  ■ 


hardly  say,  in  concluding  this  brief  notice,  that  while 
the  work  is  indispensable  to  every  student  of  medi- 
cine in  this  country,  it  will  amply  repay  the  practi- 
tioner for  its  perusal  by  the  interest  and  value  of  its 
contents. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


language. — Am.  Med.  Journal. 

The  most  complete  work  now  extant  in  our  lan- 
guage.— iV.  O.  Med.  Register. 

The  best  text-book  in  the  language  on  this  ex- 
tensive subject. — London  Med.  Times. 

A  complete  cyclopaedia  of  this  branch  of  science. 
— N.  Y.  Med.  Times. 


This  is  a  standard  work — the  text-book  used  by  all 
medical  students  who  read  the  English  language. 
It  has  passed  through  several  editions  in  order  to  !  The  profession  of  this  country,  and  perhaps  also 
keep  pace  with  the  rapidly  growing  science  of  Phy-  j  of  Europe,  have  anxiously  and  for  some  time  awaited 
siology.  Nothing  need  be  said  in  its  praise,  for  its  I  the  announcement  of  this  new  edition  of  Carpenter's 
merits  are  universally  known;  we  have  nothing  to  j  Human  Physiology.  His  former  editions  have  for 
say  of  its  defects,  for  they  only  appear  where  the  j  many  years  been  almost  the  only  text-book  on  Phy- 
science  of  which  it  treats  is  incomplete. — Western  siology  in  all  our  medical  schools,  and  its  circula- 
Lancet.  tion  among  the  profession  has  been  unsurpassed  by 

The  most  complete  exposition  of  physiology  which  I  anrY  work  in  any  department  of  medical  science. 
any  language  can  at  present  give.-Brit.  and  For.  j      *VS  qUlte  unnecessary  for  us  to   speak   of  this 
Med  -Chirurg.  Review.  work  as  its  merits  would  justify.     The  mere  an- 

nouncement of  its  appearance  will  afford  the  highest 

The  greatest,  the  most  reliable,  and  the  best  book  pleasure  to  every  student  of  Physiology,  while  its 
on  the  subject  which  we  know  of  in  the  English  perusal  will  be  of  infinite  service  in  advancing 
language. — Stethoscope.  ]  physiological  science. — Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ. 


BY  the  same  author.     (Lately  Issued.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF  COMPARATIVE   PHYSIOLOGY.     New  American,  from 

the  Fourth  and  Revised  London  edition.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  over 
three  hundred  beautiful  illustrations,     pp.  752.     Extra  cloth,  $4.  80 ;  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25. 

The  delay  which  has  existed  in  the  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  caused  by  the  very  thorough 
revision  and  remodelling  which  it  has  undergone  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  and  the  large  number 
of  new  illustrations  which  have  been  prepared  for  it.  It  will,  therefore,  be  found  almost  a  new 
work,  and  fully  up  to  the  day  in  every  department  of  the  subject,  rendering  it  a  reliable  text-book 
for  all  students  engaged  in  this  branch  of  science.  Every  effort  has  been  made  to  render  its  typo- 
graphical finish  and  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  its  exalted  reputation,  and  creditable  to  the 
mechanical  arts  of  this  country. 

no  man,  we  believe,  could  have  brought  to  so  suc- 
cessful an  issue  as  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  required  for 
its  production  a  physiologist  at  once  deeply  read  in 
the  labors  of  others,  capable  of  taking  a  general, 
critical,  and  unprejudiced  view  of  those  labors,  and 
of  combining  the  varied,  heterogeneous  materials  at 
his  disposal,  so  as  to  form  an  harmonious  whole. 
We  feel  that  this  abstract  can  give  the  reader  a  very 
imperfect  idea  of  the  fulness  of  this  work,  and  no 
idea  of  its  unity,  of  the  admirable  manner  in  which 
material  has  been  brought,  from  the  most  various 
sources,  to  conduce  to  its  completeness,  of  the  lucid- 
ity of  the  reasoning  it  contains,  or  of  the  clearness 
of  language  in  which  the  whole  is  clothed.  Not  the 
profession  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  large, 
must  feel  deeply  indebted  to  Dr.  Carpenter  for  this 
great  work.  It  must,  indeed,  add  largely  even  to 
his  high  reputation. — Medical  Times. 


This  book  should  not  only  be  read  but  thoroughly  i 
studied  by  every  member  of  the  profession.  None  | 
are  too  wise  or  old,  to  be  benefited  thereby.  But 
especially  to  the  younger  class  would  we  cordially 
commend  it  as  best  fitted  of  any  work  in  the  English 
language  to  qualify  them  for  the  reception  and  com-  I 
prehension  of  those  truths  which  are  daily  being  de-  j 
veloped  in  physiology. — Medical  Counsellor. 

"Without  pretending  to  it,  it  is  an  encyclopedia  of  | 
the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  in  all  respects — 
a  truthful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
the   science   has  now  arrived. — Dublin   Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  truly  magnificent  work — in  itself  a  perfect  phy- 
siological study. — Ranking's  Abstract. 

This  work  stands  without  its  fellow.    It  is  one 
few  men  in  Europe  could  have  undertaken ;  it  is  one 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM  B.),   M.D.,  F.  R.  S., 
Examiner  in  Physiology  ami  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  London. 
(J/tst  Issued,  IK 

THE  MICROSCOPE  AND  ITS  REVELATIONS.      With  an  Appendix  con- 
taining the  Applications  of  the  Microscope  to  Clinical  Medicine,  &c.    By  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  I) 

titrated  by  Jour  hundred  and  thirty-four  heautilul  engravings  mi  wood.     In  one  large  and  veir 
idsome  octavo  volume,  of  724  pages,  extra  cloth,  S-4  00  ;  leather,  SI  50. 


IUus 

hands 

Dr.  Carpenter's  position  as  a  micro<copist  and  physiologist,  and  his  great  experience  as  a  teacher 
eminently  qualify  him  to  produce  what  lias  long  been  wanted — a  good  text-hook  on  the  practical 
use  of  the  microscope.    In  the  present  volume  bis  object  ha-  been,  ae  stated  in  hi>  Preface, 

combine,  within  a  moderate  compass,  that  information  with  regard  to  the  use  of  his  'tools,*  which 
i<  moal  essential  to  the  working  mieroSCOpist,  with  such  an  account  of  the  objects  best  titled  tor 
his  sliuly.  as  might  qualify  him  to  comprehend  what  he  observes,  and  might  thus  prepare  him  to 
benefit  science,  whilst  expanding  and  refreshing  his  own  mind  "  That  lie  has  succeeded  in  accom- 
plishing this,  no  one  acquainted  with  his  previou>  labors  can  doubt. 

The  great  importance  of  the  nucro>cope  as  a  means  of  diagnosis,  and  the  number  of  microsco- 
pies who  are  also  physicians,  have  induced  the  American  publishers,  with  the  author's  approval,  to 
add  an  Appendix,  carefully  prepared  by  Professor  Smith,  on  the  applications  of  the  instrument  i" 
clinical  medicine,  together  with  an  account  of  American  Microscopes,  their  modification*  and 
nes.  This  portion  of  the  work  is  illustrated  with  nearly  one  hundred  wood-cuts,  and,  it  is 
hoped,  will  adapt  the  volume  more  particularly  to  the  use  of  the  American  student. 

Every  care  ha-  been  taken  in  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  Work,  which  is  confidently  pre- 
sented as  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the  choicest  productions  of  the  London  press. 

The  mode  in  which  the  author  has  executed  his  intentions  may  be  gathered  from  the  following 
condensed  synopsis  of  the 

CONTENTS. 

Introduction — History  of  the  Microscope.  Chap.  I.  Optical  Principles  of  the  Microscope. 
Chap.  II.  Construction  of  the  Microscope.  Chap.  III.  Accessory  Apparatus.  Chap.  IV. 
Management  of  the  Microscope  Chap.  V.  Preparation,  Mounting,  and  Collection  of  Objects. 
Chap.  VI.  Microscopic  Forms  of  Vegetable  Life — Protophytes.  Chap.  VII.  Higher  Cryptoga- 
mia.  Chap.  VIII.  Phanerogamic  Plants.  Chap.  IX.  Microscopic  Forms  of  Animal  Life — Pro- 
tozoa— Animalcules.  Chap.  X.  Foraminifera,  Polycystina,  and  Sponges.  Chap.  XI.  Zoophytes. 
Chap.  XII.  Echinodermata.  Chap.  XIII.  Polyzoa  and  Compound  Tunicata.  Chap.  XIV. 
Molluscous  Animals  Generally.  Chap.  XV.  Annulosa.  Chap.  XVI.  Crustacea.  Chap.  XVII. 
Insects  and  Arachnida.  Chap.  XVIII.  Vertebrated  Animals.  Chap.  XIX.  Applications  of  the 
Microscope  to  Geology.  Chap.  XX.  Inorganic  or  Mineral  Kingdom — Polarization.  Appendix. 
Microscope  as  a  means  of  Diagnosis — Injections — Microscopes  of  American  Manufacture. 

Those  who  are  acquainted  with  Dr.  Carpenter's  medical  work,  the  additions  by  Prof.  Smith  give  it 

previous  writings  on  Animal  and  Vegetahle  Physio-  a  positive  claim  upon  the  profession,  for  which  we 

logy,  will  fully  understand  how  vast  a  store  of  know-  doubt  not  he  will  receive  their  sincere  thanks.     In- 

ledge  he  is  able  to  bring  to  bear  upon  so  comprehen-  deed,  we  know  not  where  the  student  of  medicine 

sive  a  subject  as  the  reVelations  of  the  microscope  ;  will  find  such  a  complete  and  satisfactory  collection 

and  even  those  who  have  no  previous  acquaintance  of  microscopic  facts  bearing  upon  physiology  and 

with   the  construction  or   uses  of  this  instrument,  practical  medicine  as  is  contained  in  Prof.  Smith's 

will  find  abundance  of  information  conveyed  in  clear  appendix;  and  this  of  itself,  it  seems  to  us,  is  fully 

and    simple   language. — Med.    Times  and   Gazette,  worth  the  cost  of  the  volume. — Louisville  Medical 

Although  originally  not  intended  as  a  strictly!  -Review,  Nov.  1856. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ELEMENTS  (OR  MANUAL)  OF  PHYSIOLOGY,  INCLUDING  PHYSIO- 
LOGICAL ANATOMY.  Second  American,  from  a  new  and  revised  London  edition.  "With 
one  hundred  and  ninety  illustrations.  In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  pp.  566. 
$3  00. 

In  publishing  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  Us  title  was  altered  from  that  of  the  London  volume, 
by  the  substitution  of  the  word  "  Elements"  for  that  of  "  Manual,"  and  with  the  author's  sanction 
the  title  of  "  Elements"  is  still  retained  as  being  more  expressive  of  the  scope  of  the  treatise. 

To  say  that  it  is  the  best  manual  of  Physiology  i  Those  who  have  occasion  for  an  elementary  trea- 
now  before  the  public,  would  not  do  sufficient  justice  tise  on  Physiology,  cannot  do  better  than  to  possess 
to  the  author. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal.  themselves  of  the  manual  of  Dr.  Carpenter. Medical 

In  his  former  works  it  would   seem  that  he  had     Examiner. 


exhausted  the  subject  of  Physiology.  In  the  present, 
he  gives  the  essence,  as  it  were,  of  the  whole. — N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 


The  best  and  most  complete  expose  of  modern 
Physiology,  in  one  volume,  extant  in  the  English 
language. — St.  Louis  Medical  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Preparing.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF   GENERAL   PHYSIOLOGY,    INCLUDING   ORGANIC 

CHEMISTRY  AND  HISTOLOGY.     With  a  General  Sketch  of   the  Vegetable  and  Animal 
Kingdom.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations. 
The  subject  of  general  physiology  having  been  omitted  in  the  last  editions  ol  the  author's  "  Com- 
parative Physiology"  and  "  Human  Physiology,"  he  has  undertaken  to  prepare  a  volume  which 
shall  present  it  more  thoroughly  and  fully  than  has  yet  been  attempted,  and  which  may  be  regarded 
as  an  introduction  to  his  other  works. 

BY   THE   SAME    AUTHOR. 

A  PRIZE  ESSAY  ON  THE  USE  OF  ALCOHOLIC  LIQUORS  IN  HEALTH 

AND  DISEASE.    New  edition,  with  a  Preface  by  D.  F.  Condie,  M.  D.,  and  explanations  of 
scientifio  words.    In  one  neat  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,    pp.  178.     50  cents. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


CONDIE  (D.  F.),  M.  D.,  &c. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  CHILDREN.    Fourth 

edition,  revised  and  augmented.    In  one  large  volume,  8vo.,  leather,  of  nearly  750  pages.  $3  00. 
From  the  Author's  Preface. 

The  demand  for  another  edition  has  afforded  the  author  an  opportunity  of  again  subjecting  the 
entire  treatise  to  a  careful  revision,  and  of  incorporating  in  it  every  important  observation  recorded 
since  the  appearance  of  the  last  edition,  in  reference  to  the  pathology  and  therapeutics  of  the  several 
diseases  of  which  it  treats. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition,  as  in  those  which  have  preceded,  while  the  author  has 
appropriated  to  his  use  every  important  fact  that  he  has  found  recorded  in  the  works  of  others, 
having  a  direct  bearing  upon  either  of  the  subjects  of  which  he  treats,  and  the  numerous  valuable 
observations — pathological  as  well  as  practical — dispersed  throughout  the  pages  of  the  medical 
journals  of  Europe  and  America,  he  has,  nevertheless,  relied  chiefly  upon  his  own  observations  and 
experience,  acquired  during  a  long  and  somewhat  extensive  practice,  and  under  circumstances  pe- 
culiarly well  adapted  for  the  clinical  study  of  the  diseases  of  early  life. 

Every  species  of  hypothetical  reasoning  has,  as  much  as  possible,  been  avoided.  The  author  has 
endeavored  throughout  the  work  to  confine  himself  to  a  simple  statement  of  well-ascertained  patho- 
logical facts,  and  plain  therapeutical  directions — his  chief  desire  being  to  render  it  what  its  title 
imports  it  to  be,  a  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  children. 


Dr.  Condie's  scholarship,  acumen,  industry,  and 
practical  sense  are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his 
numerous  contributions  to  science. — Dr.  Holmes's 
Report  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  in  our  judgment,  Dr.  Condie's 
Treatise  is  the  one  from  the  perusal  of  which  the 
practitioner  in  this  country  will  rise  with  the  great- 
est satisfaction. — Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  works  upon  the  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren in  the  English  language. — Western  Lancet. 

Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  be- 
fore the  profession  of  the  United  States;  indeed,  we 
may  say  in  the  English  language.  It  is  vastly  supe- 
rior to  most  of  its  predecessors. — Transylvania  Med. 
Journal. 


We  feel  assured  from  actual  experience  that  no 
physician's  library  can  be  complete  without  a  copy 
of  this  work. — iV.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  veritable  paediatric  encyclopaedia,  and  an  honor 
to  American  medical  literature. — Ohio  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

We  feel  persuaded  that  the  American  medical  pro- 
fession will  soon  regard  it  not  only  as  a  very  good, 
but  as  the  very  best  "Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Diseases  of  Children." — American  Medical  Journal . 

We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  be  the  best 

work  on  the  diseases  of  children  in  the  English 

i  language,  and,  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 

I  published,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  light. — Medical 

I  Examiner. 


CHFUSTISON  (ROBERT),  M .  D.,  V.  P.  R.  S.  E.,  &c. 
A  DISPENSATORY;  or.  Commentary  on  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  Great  Britain 

and  the  United  States;  comprising  the  Natural  History,  Description,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  Ac- 
tions, Uses,  and  Doses  of  the  Articles  of  the  Materia  Medica.  Second  edition,  revised  and  im- 
proved, with  a  Supplement  containing  the  most  important  New  Remedies.  With  copious  Addi- 
tions, and  two  hundred  and  thirteen  large  wood-engravings.  By  R.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  raised  bands,  of  over  1000  pages.  $3  50. 


It  is  not  needful  that  w)  should  compare  it  with 
the  other  pharmacopoeias  extant,  which  enjoy  and 
merit  the  confidence  of  the  profession  :  it  is  enough 
to  say  that  it  appears  to  us  as  perfect  as  a  Dispensa- 
tory, in  the  present  state  of  pharmaceutical  science, 
could  be  made.    If  it  omits  any  details  pertaining  to 


this  branch  of  knowledge  which  the  student  has  a 
right  to  expect  in  such  a  work,  we  confess  the  omis- 
i  sion  has  escaped  our  scrutiny.  We  cordially  recom- 
j  mend  this  work  to  such  of  our  readers  as  are  in  need 
I  of  a  Dispensatory.  They  cannot  make  choice  of  a 
I  better. — Western  Journ.  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


COOPER  (BRANSBY   B.),  F.  R.  S. 
LECTURES  ON  THE   PRINCIPLES   AND    PRACTICE   OF   SURGERY. 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  750  pages.    $3  00. 


COOPER  ON  DISLOCATIONS  AND  FRAC- 
TURES OF  THE  JOINTS— Edited  by  Bransby 
B.  Cooper,  F.  R.  S.,  &c.  AVith  additional  Ob- 
servations by  Prof.  J.  C.  Warren.  A  new  Ame- 
rican edition.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume, 
extra  cloth,  of  about  500  pages,  with  numerous 
illustrations  on  wood.    $3  25. 

COOPER  ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  DISEASES 
OF  THE  BREAST,  with  twenty-five  Miscellane- 
ous and  Surgical  Papers.  One  large  volume,  im- 
perial 8vo.,  extra  cloth,  with  252  figures,  on  36 
plates.    $2  50. 

COOPER  ON  THE  STRUCTURE  AND  DIS- 
EASES OF  THE  TESTIS,  AND  ON  THE 
THYMUS  GLAND.  One  vol.  imperial  8vo.,  ex- 
tra cloth,  with  177  figures  on  29  plates.    $2  00. 


COPLAND  ON  THE  CAUSES,  NATURE,  AND 
TREATMENT  OF  PALSY  AND  APOPLEXY. 

In  one  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  pp.  326. 
80  cents. 

CLYMER  ON  FEVERS;  THEIR  DIAGNOSIS, 
PATHOLOGY,   AND    TREATMENT      In  one 

octavo  volume,  leather,  of  600  pages.    SI  50. 

COLOMBAT  DE  L'ISERE  ON  THE  DISEASES 
OF  FEMALES,  and  on  the  special  Hygiene  of 
their  Sex.  Translated,  with  many  Notes  and  Ad- 
ditions, by  C.  D.  Meigs,  M.  D.  Second  edition, 
revised  and  improved.  In  one  large  volume,  oc- 
tavo, leather,  with  numerous  wood-cuts.  pp.  720. 
S3  50. 


CARSON  (JOSEPH),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  LECTURES  ON  MATERIA  MEDICA 

AND  PHARMACY,  delivered  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.    Second  and  revised  edi- 
tion.   In  one  very  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  208  pages.     $1  50. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


CHURCHILL   (FLEETWOOD),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A 

ON  THE   THEORY   AND   PRACTICE   OF   MIDWIFERY, 
by  D 


and  Additions, by D.  Fkancis  Condik,  M.  D. 
sea  of  Children,'1  ,Ve.     With  139  illustrations, 
leather,     pp.  510.     S3  00. 


author  of  a  ' 
In  one  very 


Edited,  "with 
Practical  Treatise  on  the 

handsome  octavo  volume, 


To  bestow  praise  on  a  book  that  has  received  such 
marked  approbation  would  be  luperfluooe.  Weneed 
jay,  therefore,  that  if  the  first  edition  wai 
thought  worthy  of  B  favorable  reception  by  the 
medical  public,  we  can  confidently  atfirm  that  this 
will  be  found  much  more  bo.  The  lecturer,  the 
practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have  recourse 
to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  in- 
terest and  instruction  in  every  thins  relating  •■ 
reticnl  and  practical  midwifery.— Dublin  Quarterly, 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  work  of  very  greet  merit,  and  such  as  we  can 
confidently  recommend  to  the  study  of  every  obste- 
tric practitioner. — London  Medical  Gazette. 

This  is  certainly  the  most  perfect  system  extant,  j 
It  is    the  best  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  a  text- 
book, and  that  which  he  whose  necessities  confine  | 
fiini  to  one  book,  should  select  in  preference  to    ill 
others.— Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  popular  work  on  midwifery  ever  issued 
from  the  American  press.— Charleston  Med.  Journal. 


No  work  holds  a  higher  position,  or  is  more  de- 
serving of  being  placed   in  the  hands  of  I 

i need  student,  or  the  practitioner *— Medical 
Exam  in-  r. 

Previous  editions,  under  tiie  editorial  supervision 
of  Prof  EL  M.  Huston,  have  I. ecu  received  with 
marked  favor,  and  they  deserved  il  ;  but  this,  re- 
printed from  a  very  late  Dublin  edition,  Carefully 
revised  and  brought  up  by  the  author  I 

time,  does  present  an  unusually  accurate  and  able 
exposition  of  every  important  particular  embraced 
in  the  department  of  midwifery .  *  *  The  clearness, 
directness,  and  precision  of  its  teachings,  I 
with  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research  which 
its  text  exhibits,  have  served  to  place  it  already  in 
the  foremost  rank  of  works  in  this  department  of  re- 
medial science. — N.  O.  Mtd.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

In  our  opinion,  it  forms  one  of  the  best  if  not  the 
very  best  text-book  and  epitome  of  obstetric 
which  we  at  present   possess  in  the  English   lan- 
guage.—  Monthly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 


Were  we  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  having  but ,      The  clearness  and  precision  of  style  in  which  it  is 
one  work  on  midwifery,  and  permuted   to  choose,    written,  and  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research 

we  would  unhesitatingly  take  Churchill.—  Western    which  jt  contains,  have  served  to  place  it  in  the  first 
ad  Surg-.  Journal.  |  rankof  works  in  this  departmentof  medical  science. 

It   is   impossible   to  conceive  a  more  useful   and    —  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Few  treatises  will  be  found  better  adapted  as  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  or  as   a  manual   for  the 


elegant    manual   than    Dr.  Churchill's  Practice  of 
Midwifery. — Provincial  Medical  Journal. 

Certainly,  in  our  opinion,  the  very  best  work  on 
the  subject  which  exists. — a,  Y.  Annalist. 


frequent  consultation  of  the  young  practitioner. 
American  Mtdical  Journal. 


BY   THE    SAME   AUTHOR.      (J/CSt  Issued .) 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANTS   AND   CHILDREN.     Second  American 

Edition,  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author.    Edited,  with  Notes,  by  W.  V.  Keating,  M.  D.    In 

one  large  and  handsome  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  700  pages.     S3  00,  or  in  leather,  S3  25. 

In  preparing  this  work  a  second  time  for  the  American  profession,  the  author  has  spared  no 
labor  in  giving  it  a  very  thorough  revision,  introducing  several  new  chapters,  and  rewriting  others, 
while  every  portion  of  the  volume  has  been  subjected  to  a  severe  scrutiny.  The  efforts  of  the 
American  editor  have  been  directed  to  supplying  such  information  relative  to  matters  peculiar 
to  this  country  as  might  have  escaped  the  attention  of  the  author,  and  the  whole  may,  there- 
fore, be  safely  pronounced  one  of  the  most  complete  works  on  the  subject  accessible  to  the  Ame- 
rican Profession.  By  an  alteration  in  the  size  of  the  page,  these  very  extensive  additions  have 
been  accommodated  without  unduly  increasing  the  *ize  of  the  work. 

A  few  notices  of  the  former  edition  are  subjoined  : — 

We  regard  this  volume  as  possessing  more  claims  I  The  present  volume  will  sustain  the  reputation 
to  completeness  than  any  other  of  the  kind  with  acquired  by  the  author  from  his  previous  works, 
which  we  are  acquainted.  Most  cordially  and  ear-  The  reader  will  find  in  it  full  and  judicious  direc- 
n^stly,  therefore,  do  we  commend  it  to  our  profession-  tions  for  the  management  of  infants  at  birth,  and  a 
al  brethren,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  stamp  of  i  compendious,  but  clear  account  of  the  diseases  to 
their  approbation  will  indue  time  be  impressed  upon  <  which  children  are  liable,  and  the  most  successful 
it.  After  an  uttentive  perusal  of  its  contents,  we  1  mode  of  treating  them.  We  must  not  close  this  no- 
hesitate  not  to  say,  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  coin-  tice  without  calling  attention  to  the  author's  style, 
pre.hensive  ever  written  upon  the  diseases  of  chil-  ,  which  is  perspicuous  and  polished  to  a  degree,  we 
Area,  and  that,  forcopiousnessof  reference,  extent  of  regret  to  say,  not  generally  characteristic  of  medical 
■  i,  and  perspicuity  of  detail,  it  is  scarcely  to  works.  We  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill 
be  equalled,  and  not  to  be  excelled,  in  any  Ian-  most  cordially,  both  to  students  and  practitioners, 
guage. — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal.  I  as  a  valuable  and   reliable  guide  in  the  treatment  of 

.r        ...  .  .     .    the  diseases  of  children. — Am.  Journ.  of  the  Med. 

After  this  meagre,  and  we  know,  very  lmperteet    Sciences. 
notice  of  Dr.  Churchill's   work,  we  shall  conclude 

by  saying,  that  it  is  one  that  cannot  fail  from  its  co-  |      We  know  of  no  work  on  this  department  of  Prac- 
piousness.  extensive  research,  and  general  accuracy,     tical  .Medicine  which  presents  so  candid  and  unpre- 

to  exalt  still  higher  the  reputation  of  the  author  in    judiced  a  statement  <  >r  posting  up  of  our  actual 
this  country.     The  American  reader  will  benarticu-    knowledge  as  this. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Mtdit 
larly  pleased  to  find  that  Dr.  Churchill  has  done  full  , 

justice  throughout  his  work  to  the  various  American  Its  claims  to  merit  both  as  a  scientific  and  |>racti- 
uuthora  on  this  subject.  The  names  of  Dewees.  cal  work,  are  of  the  highest  order.  Win 
Eberle,  Condie,  and  Stewart,  occur  on  nearly  every  would  not  elevate  it  above  every  Other  treatise  on 
page,  and  these  authors  are  constantly  referred  toby  the  same  subject,  we  certain!  v  believe  that  very  few 
the  author  in  terms  oftlie  highest  praise,  and  with  are  equal  to  it, and  none  superior. — Southern  Mtd. 
the  most  liberal  courtesy. —  The  Mtdical  Examiner.  I  and  Surgical  Journal. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 


ESSAYS  ON  TIIE  PUERPERAL  FEVER,  AND  OTHER  DISEASES  PE- 
CULIAR TO  WOMJEN.    Selected  from  the  writings ol  British  Authors  previous  to  the  close  oi 

the  Eighteenth  Century.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  450  pages.     92  f;0. 


10 


BLANCHAKD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),    M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A.,    &c. 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN;  including  those  of  Pregnancy  and  Child- 
bed. A  new  American  edition,  revised  by  the  Author.  With  Notes  and  Additions,  by  D  Fran- 
cis Condie,  M.  D.,  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children."  With  nume- 
rous illustrations.  Tn  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  768  pages.  (NowReady, 
May<1857.)  $3  00. 
This  edition  of  Dr.  Churchill' 
thoroughly  has  he  revised  it  i 

brought  up  to  the  most  recent  condition  of  the  subject,  while  the  very  handsome  series  of  illustra- 
tions introduced,  representing  such  pathological  conditions  as  can  be  accurately  portrayed,  present 
a  novel  feature,  and  afford  valuable  assistance  to  the  young  practitioner.  Such  additions  as  ap- 
peared desirable  for  the  American  student  have  been  made  by  the  editor,  Dr.  Condie,  while  a 
marked  improvement  in  the  mechanical  execution  keeps  pace  with  the  advance  in  all  other  respects 
which  the  volume  has  undergone,  while  the  price  has  been  kept  al  the  former  very  moderate  rate. 
A  few  notices  of  the  former  edition  are  subjoined : — 

extent  that  Dr.  Churchill  does.  His,  indeed,  is  the 
only  thorough  treatise  we  know  of  on  the  subject; 
and  it  may  be  commended  to  practitioners  and  stu- 


s  very  popular  treatise  may  almost  be  termed  a  new  work,  so 
every  portion.     It  will  be  found  greatly  enlarged,  and  thoroughly 


It  comprises,  unquestionably,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
act and  comprehensive  expositions  of  the  present 
state  of  medical  knowledge  in  respect  to  the  diseases 
of  women  that  has  yet  been  published. — Am.  Journ. 
Med.  Sciences,  July,  1857. 

We  hail  with  much  pleasure  the  volume  before 
us,  thoroughly  revised,  corrected,  and  brought  up 
to  the  latest  date,  by  Dr.  Churchill  himself,  and 
rendered  still  more  valuable  by  notes,  from  the  ex- 
perienced and  able  pen  of  Dr.  D.  F.  Condie,  of  Phil- 
adelphia.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Oct. 
1&57. 

This  work  is  the  most  reliable  which  we  possess 
on  this  subjtet;  and  is  deservedly  popular  with  the 
profession. — Charleston  Med.  Journal,  July,  1857. 

Dr.  Churchill's  treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Women 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  popular  of  his  works  with  the 
profession  in  this  country.  It  has  been  very  gene- 
rally received  both  as  a  text-book  and  manual  of 
practice.  The  present  edition  has  undergone  the 
most  elaborate  revision,  and  additions  of  an  import- 
ant character  have  been  made,  to  render  it  a  com- 
plete exponent  of  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge 
of  these  diseases.— N.  Y.  Journ.  of  Med.,  Sept.  1857. 

We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's 
book.  Had  our  typographical  limits  permitted,  we 
should  gladly  have  borrowed  more  from  its  richly 
stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  we  heartily  recom- 
mend it  to  the  profession,  and  would  at  the  same 
time  express  our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only 
add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author,  but  will  prove  a 
work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to  obstetric 
practitioners. — Dublin  Medical  Press. 

We  know  of  no  author  who  deserves  that  appro- 
bation, on  "  the  diseases  of  females,"  to  the  same 


dents  as  a  masterpiece  in  its  particular  department. 
The  former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  com- 
mended strongly  in  this  journal,  and  they  have  -won 
^heir  wav  to  an  extended,  and  a  well-deserved  popu- 
larity. This  fifth  edition,  before  us.  is  well  calcu- 
lated to  maintain  Dr.  Churchill's  high  reputation. 
It  was  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author,  for  his 
American  publishers,  and  it  seems  to  us  that  there  is 
scarcely  any  species  of  desirable  information  on  its 
subjects  that  may  not  be  found  in  this  work. — Th* 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

We  are  gratified  to  announce  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  valuable  work  on  the  dis- 
eases of  females  We  have  ever  regarded  it  as  one 
of  the  very  best  works  on  the  subjects  embraced 
within  its  scope,  in  the  English  language;  and  the 
present  edition,  enlarged  and  revised  by  the  author, 
renders  it  still  more  entitled  to  the  confidence  of  the 
profession.  The  valuable  notes  of  Prof.  Huston 
have  been  retained,  and  contribute,  in  no  small  de- 
gree, to  enhance  the  value  of  the  work.  It  is  a 
source  of  congratulation  that  the  publishers  have 
permitted  the  author  to  be,  in  this  instance,  hia 
own  editor,  thus  securing  all  the  revision  which 
an  author  alone  is  capable  of  making. — The  Western 
Lancet. 

Asa  comprehensive  manual  for  students,  or  a 
work  of  reference  for  practitioners,  we  only  speak 
with  common  justice  when  we  say  that  it  surpasses 
any  other  that  has  ever  issued  on  the  same  sub- 
ject from  the  British  press. — The  Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal. 


DICKSON   (S.    H.),    M.  D.3 

Professor  of  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina. 

ELEMENTS  OF  MEDICINE;  a  Compendious  View  of  Pathology  and  Thera- 
peutics, or  the  History  and  Treatment  of  Diseases.  In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume, 
of  750  pages,  leather      {Lately  Issued.)     $3  75. 

As  an  American  text- book  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine  for  the  student,  and  as  a  condensed  work 
of  reference  for  the  practitioner,  this  volume  will  have  strong  claims  on  the  attention  of  the  profession. 
Few  physicians  have  had  wider  opportunities  than  the  author  for  observation  and  experience,  and 
few  perhaps  have  used  them  better.  As  the  result  of  a  life  of  study  and  practice,  therefore,  the 
present  volume  will  doubtless  be  received  with  the  welcome  it  deserves. 

merits,  and  we  have  no  hesitation  in  predicting  for 
it  a  favorable  reception  by  both  students  and  teachers. 
Not  professing  to  be  a  complete  and  comprehensive 
treatise,  it  will  not  be  found  full  in  detail,  nor  filled 
with  discussions  of  theories  and  opinions,  but  em- 
bracing all  that  is  essential  in  theory  and  practice, 
it  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  American 
student.  Avoiding  all  that  is  uncertain,  it  presents 
more  clearly  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  that  which  is 
established  and  verified  by  experience.  The  varied 
and  extensive  reading  of  the  author  is  conspicuously 


This  book  is  eminently  what  it  professes  to  be  ;  a 
distinguished  merit  in  these  days.  Designed  for 
"  Teachers  and  Students  of  Medicine,"  and  admira- 
bly suited  to  their  wants,  we  think  it  will  be  received, 
on  its  own  merits,  with  a  hearty  welcome. — Boston 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Indited  by  one  of  the  most  accomplished  writers 
of  our  country,  as  well  as  by  one  who  has  long  held 
a  high  position  among  teachers  and  practitioners  of 
medicine,  this  work  is   entitled   to   patronage  and 


careful  study.     The  learned  author  has  endeavored     apparent,  and  all  the  recent  improvements  and  di 


to  condense  in  this  volume  most  of  the  practical 
matter  contained  in  his  former  productions,  so  as  to 
adapt  it  to  the  use  of  those  who  have  not  time  to 
devote  to  more  extensive  works. — Southern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal. 

Prof.  Dickson's  work  supplies,  to  a  great  extent, 
a  desideratum  long  felt  in  American  medicine. — N. 
O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Estimating  this  work  according  to  the  purpose  for 
which  it  is  designed,  we  must  think  highly  of  its 


uttcs  ana  patnoiogy  are  ehroni- 
■  Charleston  Med.  Journal. 


covenes  in  therapeutics  and  pathology 
cled  in  its  pages. - 

In  the  first  part  of  the  work  the  subject  of  gene- 
ral pathology  is  presented  in  outline,  giving  a  beau- 
tiful picture  of  its  distinguishing  features,  and 
throughout  the  succeeding  chapters  we  find  that  he 
has  kept  scrupulously  within  the  bounds  of  sound 
reasoning  and  legitimate  deduction.  Upon  the 
whole,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  a  superior 
work  in  its  class,  and  that  Dr.  Dickson  merits  a 
place  in  the  first  rank  of  American  writers.— Western 
Lancet. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS 


li 


DRUITT    (ROBERT),    M.R.C.S.,    &c. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE   OF  MODERN  SURGERY.     Edited 

by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.  D.,  author  of  "  Minor  Surgery,"  Arc.     Illustrated  with  one  bundled  and 

ninety-three  wood-engravings.     In  one  very  handsomely  printed  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  576 

large  pages.     S3  00. 

Dr.  Druitt's  researches  into  the  literature  of  his  '  is  really  practically  useful  at  the  bedside  will  be 
■ubject  have  been  not  only  extensive,  but  well  di-     found  in  ■  form  at  .Mice  clear,  distinct,  and  intercst- 
rected;    the  most  discordant  authors  are  fairly  and     ing. — Edinburgh  Monthly  Medical  Journal , 
impartiallv  Quoted,  and,  while  due  credit   is  riven         _      .  ,,  .  ,  ,        , 

to  Sen,  their  respective  merits  are  weighed  with  Dnmt  s  work,  condensed,  systematic,  lucid,  and 
an  unprejudiced  hand.  The  -rain  of  wheat  is  pre-  PraeMea  as  it  ,s  beyond  ■oetworlu  on  BurgefV 
served,  and  the  charT  is  unmercifully  stripped  off.  ■•©•■"Me  to  the  American  student,  has  had  mum 
The  arrangement  is  simple  and  philosophical,  and  currency  in  this  country  and  under  its  present  an- 
thestvle,  though  clearand  interesting,  is  sopreose.  ^"•»'8  promises  to  rise  to  yet  higher  iavor.-Ta* 
that  the  book  contain!  more  information  condensed  ^^tern  Journal  of  Muhcne  and  Surgery. 
into  a  few  words  than  any  other  surgical  work  with  The  ,nost  .,(.curate  and  ample  resume  of  the  pre- 
wnich  we  are  acquainted.— London.  Medical  Times  snit  statt.  ,„-  Surgery  that  we  areacquainted  with.— 
and  Gazette.  Dublin  Medical  Journal. 


No  work,  in  our  opinion,  equals  it  in  presenting 
so  much  valuable  surgical  matter  in  so  small  a 
compasB. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Druitt's  Surgery  is  too  well  known  to  the  Ameri- 
can medical  profession  to  require  its  announcement 
anywhere.  Probably  no  work  of  the  kind  has  ever 
been  more  cordially  received  and  extensively  circu- 
lated than  this.  The  fact  that  it  comprehends  in  a 
comparatively  small  compass,  all  the  essential  ele- 
ments of  theoretical  and  practical  Surgery — that  it 
is  found  to  contain  reliable  and  authentic  informa- 
tion on  the  nature  and  treatment  of  nearly  all  surgi- 
cal affections — is  a  sufficient  reason  for  the  liberal 
patronage  it  has  obtained.  The  editor,  Dr.  F.  \V. 
Sargent,  has  contributed  much  to  enhance  the  value 
of  the  work,  by  such  American  improvements  as  are 
calculated  more  perfectly  to  adapt  it  to  our  own 
views  and  practice  in  this  country.  It  abounds 
everywhere  with  spirited  and  life-like  illustrations, 
which  to  the  young  surgeon,  especially,  are  of  no 
minor  consideration.  Every  medical  man  frequently 
needs  just  such  a  work  as  this,  for  immediate  refer- 
ence in  moments  of  sudden  emergency,  when  he  has 
not  time  to  consult  more  elaborate  treatises. — The 
Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  author  has  evidently  ransacked  every  stand- 
ird  treatise  of  ancient  and  modern  times,  and  all  that 


A  better  book  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
Surgery  as  now  understood  in  England  and  America, 
h;'s  not  been  given  to  the  profession. — Boston  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

An  unsurpassable  compendium,  not  only  of  Sur- 
gical, but  of  Medical  Practice. — London  Medical 
Gazette. 

This  work  merits  our  warmest  commendations, 
and  we  strongly  recommend  it  to  voting  surgeons  as 
'  an  admirable  digest  of  the  principles  and  practice  of 
j  modern  Surgery. — Medical  Gazette. 

It  maybe  said  with  truth   that   the  work  of  Mr. 
I  Druitt  affords  a  complete,  though  brief  and   con- 
densed view,  of  the  entire  field  Of  modern  surgery. 
I  We  know  of  no  work  on  the  same  subject  having  the 
appearance  of  a  manual,  which  includes  so  many 
I  topics  of  interest  to  the  surgeon  ;  and  the  terse  man- 
ner in  which  each  has  been  treated  evinces  a  most 
enviable  quality  of  mind  on  the  part  of  the  author, 
I  who  seems  to  have  an  innate   power  of  searching 
j  out  and  grasping  the  leading  facts  and  features  of 
I  the  most  elaborate  productions  of  the  pen.     It  is  a 
'  useful  handbook  for  the  practitioner,  and  we  should 
deem  a  teacher  of  surgery  unpardonable  who  did  not 
recommend  it  to  his  pupils.     In  our  own  opinion,  it 
is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student. — 
Provincial  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


DUNGLISON,    FORBES,    TWEEDIE,    AND    CONOLLY. 
THE  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF  PRACTICAL  MEDICINE:  comprising  Treatises  on 

the  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Diseases,  Materia  Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &c.  &c.  In  four  large  super-royal  octavo  volumes,  of 
3254  double-columned  pages,  strongly  and  handsomely  bound,  with  raised  bands.  512  00. 
*#*  This  work  contains  no  less  than  four  hundred  and  eighteen  distinct  treatises,  contributed  by 
sixty-eight  distinguished  physicians,  rendering  it  a  complete  library  of  reference  for  the  country 
practitioner. 

The  most  complete  work  on  Practical  Medicine    titioner.    This  estimate  of  it  has  not  been  formed 

extant;    or,   at   least,   in    our    language.—  Buffalo    from  a  hasty  examination,  but  after  an  intimate  ac- 

Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  quaintance  derived  from  frequent  consultation  of  it 

For  reference,  it  is  above  all  price  to  every  prac-    ""'■ing  the  past  nine  or  ten  years      The  editors  are 

tlUoucr. -Western  Lancet.  practitioners  ot  established  reputation,  and  the  list 

of  contributors  embraces  many  ot  the  most  eminent 
One  of  the  most  valuable  medical  publication!  of    professors  and  teachers  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dub- 
theday— as  a  work  ol  reference  it  is  invaluable.—    iin,  and  Glasgow.     It  is,  indeed,  the  great  merit  of 

this  work  that  the  principal  articles  have  been  fur- 
nished by  practitioners  who  have  not  only  devoted 
especial  attention  to  the  diseases  about  which  they 
have  written,  but  have  also  enjoyed  opportunities 
for  an  extensive  practical  acquaintance  with  them, 
and  whose  reputation  carries  the  assurance  of  their 
competency  justly  to  appreciate  the  opinions  of 
others,  while  it  stamps  their  own   doctrines  with 


Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

It  has  been  to  us,  both  as  learner  and  teacher,  a 
work  for  ready  and  frequent  reference,  one  in  which 
modern  English  medicine  is  exhibited  in  the  most 
advantageous  light. — Medical  Examiner. 

We  rejoice  that  this  work  is  to  be  placed  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession  in  this  country,  it  being 


unquestionably  one  of  very  great  value  to  the  prac-    high  and  just  authority.— American  Medical  Journ. 


DEWEES'9  COMPREHENSIVE  SYSTEM  OF 
MIDWIFERY.    Illustrated  by  oeeaeionaJ  cases 

and  many  engravings.  Twelftn  edition,  with  the 
author's  last  improvements  and  corrections-  In 
one  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  Oi  MO  pagei 

DEWEEft'S  TREATISE  ON  THE  PHYSICAL 
AM)  MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF  CHILD- 
REN. Tenth  edition.  In  one  volume,  octavo, 
extra  cloth,  518  pages.     $2  80. 

DEWEES'8  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES 
OF  FEMALES.  Tenth  edition,  la  one  volome, 
octavo,  extra  cloth,  53:2  pages,  with  plates.  S3  00. 


DAN  \  ON  ZOOPHYTES  AND  CORALS.  Inone 
volume,  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth,  with  wood- 
cuts. $15  00.  Also,  AN  ATI. AS.  in  one  volume, 
imperial  folio,  with  sixty-one  magnificent  colored 
plates.     Bound  in  half  morocco.     §30  00. 

DE  LA  BEGHE'S  GEOLOGICAL   OBSERVER. 

In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  ex- 
tra cloth,  Of  TOO  pages,  with  300  wood-cuts.    -  I  00. 

FRICK  ON  RENAL  AFFECTIONS;  their  Diag- 

ind    Pathology.      With    illustrations.      One 
volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth.     75  cents. 


12 


BLAJNCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

NEW  AND  ENLARGED  EDITION,  Now  Ready. 

MEDICAL  LEXICON;  a  Dictionary  of  Medical  Science,  containing  a  concise 
Explanation  of  the  various  Subjects  and  Terms  of  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Hygiene, 
Therapeutics,  Pharmacology,  Pharmacy,  Surgery,  Obstetrics,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Dentistry. 
c\rc-  Notices  of  Climate  and  of  Mineral"  Waters;  Formulae  for  Officinal,  Empirical,  and  Dietetic 
Preparations,  ecc.  With  French  and  other  Synonymes.  Fifteenth  edition,  revised  and  very 
greatly  enlarged.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  992  double-columned  pages, 
in  small  type ;  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     Price  $4  00. 

No  care,  labor,  or  expense  has  been  spared  in  the  preparation  of  this  edition  to  render  it  in  every 
respect  worthy  a  continuance  of  the  very  remarkable  favor  which  it  has  hitherto  enjoyed.  The 
rapid  sale  of  Fifteen  large  editions,  and  the  constantly  increasing  demand,  show  that  it  is.  regarded 
by  the  profession  as  the  standard  authority.  Stimulated  by  this  tact,  the  author  has  endeavored  in 
the  present  revision  to  introduce  whatever  might  be  necessary  to  make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desira- 
ble— if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the  student  may  search  without  disappointment  for 
every  term  that  has  been  legitimated  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science.  To  accomplish  this, 
large  additions  have  been  found  requisite,  and  the  extent  of  the  author's  labors  may  be  estimated 
from  the  fact  that  about  Six  Thousand  subjects  and  terms  have  been  introduced  throughout,  ren- 
dering the  whole  number  of  definitions  about  Sixty  Thousand,  to  accommodate  which,  the  num- 
ber ot  pages  has  been  increased  by  nearly  a  hundred,  notwithstanding  an  enlargement  in  the  size 
of  the  pase.  The  medical  press,  both  in  this  country  and  in  England,  has  pronounced  the  work  in- 
dispensable to  all  medical  students  and  practitioners,  and  the  present  improved  edition  will  not  lose 
that  enviable  reputation. 

The  publishers  have  endeavored  to  render  the  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  a  volume  of  such 
universal  use  in  daily  reference.  The  greatest  care  has  been  exercised  to  obtain  the  typographical 
accuracy  so  necessary  in  a  work  of  the  kind.  By  the  small  but  exceedingly  clear  type  employed, 
an  immense  amount  of  matter  is  condensed  in  its  thousand  ample  pages,  while  the  binding  will  be 
found  strong  and  durable.  With  all  these  improvements  and  enlargements,  the  price  has  been  kept 
at  the  former  very  moderate  rate,  placing  it  within  the  reach  of  all. 


This  work,  the  appearance  of  the  fifteenth  edition 
of  which,  it  has  become  our  duty  and  pleasure  to 
announce,  is  perhaps  the  most  stupendous  monument 
of  labor  and  erudition  in  medical  literature.  One 
would  hardly  suppose  after  constant  use  of  the  pre- 
ceding editions,  where  we  have  never  failed  to  find 
a  sufficiently  full  explanation  of  even  medical  term, 
that  in  this  edition  "  about  six  thousand  subjects 
and  terms  have  been  added,"  with  a  careful  revision 
and  correction  of  the  entire  work.  It  is  only  neces- 
sary to  announce  the  advent  of  this  edition  to  make 
it  occupy  the  place  of  the  preceding  one  on  the  table 
of  every  medical  man,  as  it  is  without  doubt  the  best 
and  most  comprehensive  work  of  the  kind  wh  ich  has 
ever  appeared. — Buffalo  Med.  Journ.,  Jan.  1858. 

The  work  is  a  monument  of  patient  research, 
skilful  judgment,  and  vast  physical  labor,  that  will 
perpetuate  the  name  of  the  author  more  effectually 
than  any  possible  device  of  stone  or  metal.  Dr. 
Dunglison  deserves  the  thanks  not  only  of  the  Ame- 
rican profession,  but  of  the  whole  medical  world. — 
North  Am.  Medico-Chir.  Review,  Jan.  1858. 

A  Medical  Dictionary  better  adapted  for  the  wants 
of  the  profession  than  any  other  with  which  we  are 
acquainted,  and  of  a  character  which  places  it  far 
above  comparison  and  competition. — Am.  Journ. 
Med.  Sciences,  Jan.  1858. 

We  need  only  say,  that  the  addition  of  6,000  new 
terms,  with  their  accompanying:  definitions,  may  be 
said  to  constitute  a  new  work,  by  itself.     We  have 
examined  the  Dictionary  attentively,  and  are  most  ; 
happy  to  pronounce  it  unrivalled  of  its  kind.     The  j 
erudition  displayed,  and  the  extraordinary  industry 
which  must  have  been  demanded,  in  its  preparation  ! 
and  perfection,  redound  to  the  lasting  credit  of  its 
author,  and  have  furnished  us  with  a  Volume  indis-  i 
pensable  at  the  present  day,  to  all  who  would  find 
themselves  au  niveau  with  the  highest  standards  of 
medical  information. — Boston  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal,  Dec.  31,  1857. 

Good  lexicons  and  encyclopedic  works  generally, 
are  the  most  labor-saving  contrivances  which  lite- 
rary men  enjoy  ;  and  the  labor  which  is  required  to  \ 
produce  them  in  the  perfect  manner  of  this  example 
is  something  appalling  to  contemplate.    The  author  j 


tells  us  in  his  preface  that  he  has  added  about  six 
thousand  terms  and  subjects  to  this  edition,  which, 
before,  was  considered  universally  as  the  best  work 
of  the  kind  in  any  language. — Silliman-s  Journal, 
March,  1858. 

He  has  razed  his  gigantic  structure  to  the  founda- 
tions, and  remodelled  and  reconstructed  the  entire 
pile.  No  less  than  six  thousand  additional  subjects 
and  terms  are  illustrated  and  analyzed  in  this  new 
edition,  swelling  the  grand  aggregate  to  beyond 
sixty  thousand  !  Thus  is  placed"  before  the  profes- 
sion a  complete  and  thorough  exponent  of  medical 
terminology,  without  rival  or  possibility  of  rivalry. 
— Nashville  Journ.  of  Med.  and  Surg.,  Jan.  1858. 

It  is  universally  acknowledged,  we  believe,  that 
this  work  is  incomparably  the  best  and  most  com- 
plete Medical  Lexicon  in  the  English  language. 
The  amount  of  labor  which  the  distinguished  author 
has  bestowed  upon  it  is  truly  wonderful,  and  the 
learning  and  research  displayed  in  its  preparation 
are  equally  remarkable.  Comment  and  commenda- 
tion are  unnecessary,  as  no  one  at  the  present  day- 
thinks  of  purchasing  any  other  Medical  Dictionary 
than  this. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.,  Jan. 
1S58. 

It  is  the  foundation  stone  of  a  good  medical  libra- 
ry, and  should  always  be  included  in  the  first  list  of 
books  purchased  by  the  medical  student. — Am.  Med. 
Monthly,  Jan.  1858. 

A  very  perfect  work  of  the  kind,  undoubtedly  the 
most  perfect  in  the  English  language. — Med.  and 
Surg.  Reporter,  Jan.  1858. 

It  is  now  emphatically  the  Medical  Dictionary  of 
the  English  language,  and  for  it  there  is  no  substi- 
tute.— N.  H.  Med.  Journ.,  Jan.  1858. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remark  that  any  medi- 
cal library  wanting  a  copy  of  Dunelison's  Lexicon 
must  be  imperfect. — Gin.  Lancet.  Jan.  185s. 

We  have  ever  considered  it  the  besf  authority  pub- 
lished, and  the  present  edition  we  may  safely  say  has 
no  equal  in  the  world. — Peninsular  Med.  Journal, 
Jan. i858. 

The  most  complete  authority  on  the  subject  to  be 
found  in  any  language. —  Va.Med.  Journal,  Feb.  '58. 


BY   THE   SAME    AUTHOR. 


THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     A  Treatise  on  Special  Pathology  and  The- 

rapeutics.     Third  Edition.     In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  leather,  of  1,500  pages.     $6  25. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  i: 



DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College.  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN    PHYSIOLOGY.      Eighth   edition.      Thoroughly  revised    and  exten- 

sively  modified  and  enlarged,  with  five  hundred  and  thirty-two  illustrations.     In  two  large  .  i  "' 

handsomely  printed  octavo  volumes,  leather,  of  about  L500  pagea.     (Ju*i  i 

In  revising  this  work  for  its  eighth  appearance,  the  author  baa  spared  no  labor  to  render  it  worthy 

a  oontinuance  of  the  verygreal  favor  which  has  been  extended  to  it  by  the  profession.     The  whole 

contents  have  been  rearranged,  and  to  a  great  extent  remodelled;  the  investigations  which  of  late 

years  have  been  so  numerous  and  so  important,  have  been  carefully  examined  and  incorporated, 

and  the  work  in  every  respect  has  been  brought  up  to  a  level  with  the  present  state  of  the  subject. 

The  object  of  the  author  has  been  to  render  it  a  concise  but  comprehensive  treatise,  containing  the 

whole  body  of  physiological  science,  to  which  the  studenl  and  man  of  science  can  at  all  times  r«  for 

with  the  certainty  ol'  finding  whatever  they  are  in  search  of,  fully  presented   in  all  its  aspects;   and 

(Hi  no  former  edition  lias  the  author  bestowed  more  labor  to  secure  this  result. 

We  believe  thru  it  can  trnlv  he  said,  no  more  com-  The  best  work  of  the  kind    in  the  English  lnn- 

plete  repertory  of  tacts  upon  the  subject  treated,  guage. — SiUiman's  Journal. 

rwhere  be  found.    The  author  has,  nv  edition  the  author  has  made  a  perfect 

at  description    and   that  facility  mirror  ((f  lne  SCUM1ee  as  it  is  nt  the  present  hour. 

•  of   expression  Which  render  him  peculiarly  As  „  W(),.k   „,,,,„   physiology  proper,  t!  - 

ible  to  the  casual,  or  the  studious  reader,    the  functions  performed  by  the  body,  the  student  will 
This  faculty,  so  requisite  in   setting  forth  many    find  lt  .,,,  ,ie  wiattsa.— Nashville  Journ.  of  Med. 

jrraver  and  less  attractive  subjects,  lends  additional     j^^f    ]- 

charms  to  one   always   fascinating. — Boston   Mtd.    *~       '     .     '.  ,    ,  ,     .     ,  , 

and  Surg.  Journal.  Sept.  1856.  Hint  lie  has  succeeded,  most  admirably  succeeded 

in  his  purpose,  is  apparent  from  tin-  appearance  of 
The   most  complete  and  satisfactory   system   of    an  eighth  edition.     It  is  now  the  great  encyclopedia 
Physiology  in  the  English  language. — Anur.  Mtd   ,  on  the  subject,  and  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  phy- 
Joitrnal.  [  sician's  library. —  Western  Lancet,  Sept.  i 

BY  the  same  author.     (Now  Ready.) 

GENERAL  THERAPEUTICS  AND  MATERIA  MEDICA;  adapted  for  a 
Medical  Text-book.  With  Indexes  of  Remedies  and  of  Diseases  and  their  Remedies.  Sixth 
Edition,  revised  and  improved.  With  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  illustrations.  In  two  larye 
and  handsomely  printed  octavo  vols.,  leather,  of  about  1100  pages.    $6  00. 

From  the  Author's  Preface. 

"  Another  edition  of  this  work  being  called  for.  the  author  has  subjected  it  to  a  thorough  and  careful 
revision.  It  ha-  been  gratifying  to  him  that  it  has  been  found  so  extensively  useful  by  those  lor  whom 
;;  was  especially  intended,  as  to  require  that  a. sixth  edition  should  be  issued  in  so  short  aim  < 
the  publication  of  a  fifth.  Grateful  for  the  favorable  reception  of  the  work  by  the  profession,  lie  has 
bestowed  on  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition  all  those  cares  which  were  demanded  by  the 
former  edition-,  and  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  epitome  of  General  Therapeutics 
and  Materia  Medica.  The  copious  Indexes  of  Remedies  ami  of  Diseases  and  their  Remedies  can- 
not fail,  the  author  conceives,  to  add  materially  to  the  value  of  llie  work.'3 

This  work  is  too  widely  and  too  favorably  known  to  require  more  than  the  assurance  that  the 
author  has  revised  it  with  his  customary  industry,  introducing  whatever  lias  been  found  necessary 
10  bring  it  on  a  level  with  the  most  advanced  condition  of  the  subject.  The  number  of  illustrations 
ha-  been  somewhat  enlarged,  and  the  mechanical  execuiion  of  the  volumes  will  be  found  to  have 
undergone  a  decided  improvement. 

by  the  same  author.     (A  new  Edition.) 

NEW  REMEDIES,  WITH  FORMULAE  FOR  THEIR  PREPARATION  AND 

ADMINISTRATION.     Seventh  edition,  with  extensive  Additions.    In  one  very  large  octavo 

volume,  leather,  of  770  pages.     (J it st  Issued.)     $3  75. 

Another  edition  of  the  "  New  Remedies"  having  been  called  for,  the  author  has  endeavored  to 
add  everything  of  moment  that  has  appeared  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition. 

The  chief  remedial  means  which  have  obtained  a  place,  for  the  first  time,  in  this  volume,  either 
owing  to  their  having  teen  recently  introduced  into  pharmacology,  or  to  their  having  received  novel 
applications — and  which,  consequently,  belong  to  the  category  of  "  New  Remedies'* — are  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

ApioKCafTein.  Carbazotic  acid,  Cauterization  and  eatheterism  of  the  larynx  and  trachea,  Cedron, 

Cerium,  Chloride  of  bromine,  Chloride  of  iron,  Chloride  of  sodium.  Cinchonicine,  Cod-liver  olean, 

elation,  Eau  de  Paglfciri,  Galvanic  cautery,  Hydriodic  ether,  Hyposulphite  of"  soda  and  silver, 

Inunction,  Iodide  of  sodium,  Nickel,  Permanganate  of  potassa,  Phosphate  of  lime.  Pumpkin,  Quinidia, 

Rennet,  Saccharine  carbonate  of  iron  and  manganese.  Santonin,  Tellurium,  and  Traumatic! ne. 

The  articles  treated  of  in  the  former  editions  will  be  found  to  have  undergone  considerable  ex- 
n  in  this,  in  order  that  the  author  might  be  enabled  to  introduce,  as  far  as  practicable,  the 
results  of  the  subsequent  experience  of  others,  as  well  a-  of  his  own  observation  and  reflection; 
and  to  make  the  work  still  more  deserving  of  the  extended  circulation  with  which  the  preceding 
editions  have  been  favored  by  the  profession.  By  an  enlargement  of  the  page,  the  numerous  addi- 
tions have  been  incorporated  without  greatly  increasing  the  bulk  of  the  volume. — Prt 

One  of  the  most  useful  of  the  author's  works. —  I  The  great  learning  of  the  author,  and  his  remnrk- 
Southem  M>  riiml  and  Surgical  .journal.  I  able  industry  in  pushing  his   researches  into  every 

This  elaborate  and  useful  volume  should  be  f'urcewhenee  information  is  deriTable,have  enabled 
fmind  in  every  medical  library,  for  ai  a  bo,,k  of  re-    •"»'  •"  "»row  together  an  extensive  mass  of  factr 


ference,  for  physicians,  it  is    unsurpassed   by  any 


ind  statements,  accompanied  by  fall  reference  to 


other  work  in  existence,  and  the  double  index  for    authorities;  which   hist   feature  renders  the   work- 
diseases  and  for  remedies,  will  he  found  greatly  to     practieally  valuable  to  investigators  who  desire  to 
ee  its  value.— New  York  Med.  Gazette.  examine  the  original  papers.— The  Am- rienn  Journal 

of  Pharmacy. 


14 


BLANCHARD    <fc   LEA'S    MEDICAL 


ERICHSEN    (JOHN), 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  SCIENCE  AND  AET  OF  SURGERY;  being  a  Treatise  on  Surgical 

Injuries,  Diseases,  and  Operations.  Edited  by  John  H.  Brinton,  M.  D.  Illustrated  with 
three  hundred  and  eleven  engravings  on  wood.  In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of 
over  nine  hundred  closely  printed  pages,  leather,  raised  bands.     $4  25. 

It  is,  in  our  humble  judgment,  decidedly  the  best 
book  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language.  Strange 
that  just  such  books  are  notoftener  produced  by  pub- 


lic teachers  of  surgery  in  llii>  country  and  Gre; 
Britain  Indeed,  it  is  a  matter  of  great  astonishment, 
but  no  less  true  than  astonishing,  that  of  the  many 
works  on  surgery  republished  in  this  country  within 


rarely  encounter  cases  requiring  surgical  manage- 
ment.— Stethoscope. 

Embracing,  as  will  be  perceived,  the  whole  surgi- 
cal domain,  and  each  division  of  itself  almost  com- 
plete and  perfect,  each  chapter  full  and  explicit,  each 
subject  faithfully  exhibited,  we  can  only  express  our 
estimate  of  it  in  the  aggregate.    We  consider  it  an 


the  lasi  fiiieen  or  twenty  years  as  text-books  for  ;  excellent  contribution  ^to  surgery,  as  probably  the 
medical  students,  this  16  the  only  one  that  even  ap-  hes- single  volume  now  extant  on  the  subject,  and 
proximatestothe  fulfilment  of  the  peculiar  wants  or     wi,h  ^reat  pleasure  we  add   it   to  our  textbooks  — 


young  men  just  entering  upon  the  study  of  this  branch 
of  the  profession. —  Western  Jour,  of  Med.  awl  Surgery. 

Tts  value  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  very  copious 


Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Prof.  Erichsen's  work,  for  its  size,  has  not  been 
urpassed;  his  nine  hundred  and  eight  pages,  pro- 


well-arran-ed  index.     We  regard  this  as  one  of  the  |  AjsHy  nitrated,  are  rich   in  physiological,  patholo- 


most  valuable  contributions  to  modern  surgery.  To 
one  enterins'  his  novitiate  of  practice,  we  regard  it 
the  most  serviceable  guide  which  he  can  consult.  He 
will  find  a  fulnessof  detail  leadinghim  through  every 
step  of  the  operation,  and  not  deserting  him  until  the 
final  issue  of" the  case  is  decided  For  the  same  rea- 
son we  recommend  it  to  those  whose  routine  of prac- 


gical.  and  operative  suggestions,  doctrines,  details, 
and  processes;  and  will  prove  a  reliable  resource 
for  information,  both  to  physician  and  surgeon,  in  the 
hour  of  peril. —  N.  0.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

We  are  acquainted  with  no  other  work  wherein 
so  much  good  sense,  sound  principle,  and  practical 


tice  lies  in  such  parts  of  the  country  that  they  must '  inferences,  stamp  every  page.— American  Lancet. 


ELLIS  (BENJAMIN),  M.D. 
THE   MEDICAL  FORMULARY:   being  a  Collection  of  Prescriptions,  derived 

from  the  writings  and  practice  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  America  and  Europe. 
Together  with  the  usual  Dietetic  Preparations  and  Antidotes  for  Poisons.  To  which  is  added 
an  Appendix,  on  the  Endermic  use  of  Medicines,  and  on  the  use  of  Ether  and  Chloroform.  The 
whole  accompanied  with  a  few  brief  Pharmaceutic  and  Medical  Observations.  Tenth  edition, 
revised  and  much  extended  by  Robert  P.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  296  pages.  (Lately 
Issued.)     $1  75. 

After  an  examination  of  the  new  matter  and  the  i  It  will  prove  particularly  useful  to  students  and 
alterations,  we  believe  the  reputation  of  the  work  I  young  practitioners,  as  the  most  important  prescrip- 
built  up  by  the  author,  and  the  late  distinguished  i  tions  employed  in  modern  practice,  which  lie  scat- 


editor,  will  continue  to  flourish  under  the  auspices 
of  the  present  editor,  who  has  the  industry  and  accu- 
racy, and,  we  would  say,  conscientiousness  requi- 
site for  the  responsible  task. — Am.  Jour,  of  P harm. 


tered  through  our  medical  literature,  are  here  col- 
lected and  conveniently  arranged  for  reference.- 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review. 


FOWNES  (GEORGE),   PH.  D.,  &c, 


ELEMENTARY    CHEMISTRY ;    Theoretical  and  Practical.     With  numerous 

illustrations.     Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.  D.     In  one  large  royal  12mo. 

volume,  of  over  550  page?,  with  181  wood-cuts 

We  know  of  no  better  text-book,  especially  in  the 
difficult  department  of  organic  chemistry,  upon 
which  it  is  particularly  full  and  satisfactory.  We 
would  recommend  it  to  preceptors  as  a  capital 
"  office  book"  for  their  students  who  are  beginners 
in  Chemistry.  It  is  copiously  illustrated  with  ex- 
cellent wood-cuts,  and  altogether  admirably  "got 
ap." — iV.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

A  standard  manual,  which  has  long  enjoyed  the 
reputation  of  embodying  much  knowledge  in  a  small 
space.  The  author  has  achieved  the  difficult  task  of 
condensation  with  masterly  tact.  His  book  is  con- 
cise without  being  dry,  and  brief  without  being  too 
dogmatical  or  general. —  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


In  leather,  $1  50 ;  extra  cloth,  $1  35. 

The  work  of  Dr.  Fownes  has  long  been  before 
the  public,  and  its  merits  have  been  fully  appreci- 
ated as  the  best  text-book  on  chemistry  now  in 
existence.  AVe  do  not,  of  course,  place  it  in  a  rank 
superior  to  the  works  of  Brande,  Graham,  Turner, 
Gregory,  or  Gmelin,  but  we  say  that,  as  a  work 
for  students,  it  is  preferable  to  any  of  them. — Lon- 
don Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  work  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student. 
It  is  an  excellent  exposition  of  the  chief  doctrines 
and  facts  of  modern  chemistry.  The  size  of  the  work, 
and  still  more  the  condensed  yet  perspicuous  style 
in  which  it  is  written,  absolve  it  from  the  charges 
very  properly  urged  against  most  manuals  termed 
popular. — Edinburgh  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 


FISKE  FUND   PRIZE  ESSAYS. 
THE  EFFECTS  OF  CLIMATE  ON  TUBERCULOUS  DISEASE.    By  Edwin 

Lee,  M.  R.  C.  S.,  London,  and  THE  INFLUENCE  OF  PREGNANCY:  ON  THE  DEVELOP- 
MENT OF  TUBERCLES.  By  Edward  Warren,  M.  D.,  of  Edenton,  N.  C.  Together  in 
one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $1  00.     (Just  Ready.) 


FERGUSSON   (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  King's  College,  London,  &c. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  PRACTICAL  SURGERY.     Fourth  American,  from  the  third 

and  enlarged  London  edition.     In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo  volume,  of  about  700 

pages,  with  393  handsome  illustrations,  leather.     S3  00. 

No  work  was  ever  written  which  more  nearly  I      The  addition  of  many  new  pages  makes  this  work 
comprehended  the   necessities   of    the   student   and  |  more  than  ever  indispensable  to  the  student  and  prac- 
practitioner,  and  was   more   carefully  arranged   to  i  titioner. — Ranking'' s  Abstract. 
that  single  purpose  than  this. — N.  Y.  Med.  Journal.  \ 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  15 

FLINT  (AUSTIN),  M.   D., 

Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Louisville,  ic. 

{An  Important  Tfou>  Work.) 

PHYSICAL  EXPLORATION  AXD  DIAGNOSIS  OF  DISEASES  AFFECT- 
ING THE  RESPIB  LTOKY  ORGANS.  In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra 
cloth,  636  pages.     S3  00. 

W€  can  onlv  state  our  general  impression  of  the  the  results  of  his  study  and  experience.     These  ex- 

high  value  of  this  work,  and   cordially  recommend  pcctations  we  arc  confident  will  not  tic  disappointed. 

it  to  all.    We  regard  it.  in  point  both  of  irrnngement  For  our  own  part,  we  have  been  favorably  impressed 

and  of  the  marked  ability  of  its  treatment  of  the  sub-  by  a  perusal  of  the  book,  and  heartily  recommend  it 

jects.  as  destined  to  take  the  first  rank  in  works  of  to  all  who  arc  desirous  of  aequirinc  a  thorough  ae- 

Uiis  class.     Bo  far  asour  information  extends,  it  has  quaint. mee  with  the  means  01  exploring  the  condi- 

at  present  no  equal.     To  the  practitioner,  as  well  as  tioni  of  the  respiratory  organs  by  means  of  au.-cul- 

the  student,  it  will  be  invaluable  in  clearing  up  the  tation   and   percussion.  —  Boston   Med.   and   Surg. 

diagnosis  of  doubtful  cases,  and   in  shedding  light  Journal. 

upon  difficult  phenomena.— Buffalo  Med.  Journal.  \  work  of  original  observation  of  the  highest  merit. 

This  is  the  most  elaborate  work  devoted  exclu-  We  recommend  the  treatise  to  every  one  who  wishes 

sively  to  the  physical  exploration  of  diseases  of  the  to  become  a  correct  auscultator.     Based  to  a  very 

lungs,  with  which  we  are  acquainted  in  the  English  large  extent  upon  cases   numerically  examined,  it 

language.     From  the  bi?h  ■landing  of  the  author  as  carries  the  evidence  of  careful  8tud^  and  discrnnina- 

a  clinical  teacher,  and  his  known  devotion,  during  tion  upon  every  page.     It  does  credit  to  tiie  author, 

many  years,  to  the  study  of  thoracic  diseases    much  and.  through  him,  to  the  profession  in  this  country. 

was  to  be  expected  from  the  announcement  of  his  It  is.  what  we  cannot  call  every  book  upon  auscul- 

determinatton  to  embody  in  the  form  of  a  treatise,  tation,  a  readable  book. — Am.  Jour.  Med.  St 

NOW  COMPLETE, 

GRAHAM   (THOMAS),    F.  R.S., 

THE  ELEMENTS   OF   INORGANIC    CHEMISTRY,  including  the  Applica- 

lions  of  the  Science  in  the  Arts.    New  and  much  enlarged  edition,  by  Hbnrt  Watts  and  Robert 

B&TOGES,  M.  D.     Complete  in  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  800  very  large 

pages,  wiih  two  hundred  and  thirty-two  wood-cuts,  extra  cloth.     $-4  00. 

+*#  Part  II.,  completing  the  work"  from  p.  431  to  end,  with  Index,  Title  Mailer,  &C,  may  be 
had  separate,  cloth  backs  and  paper  sides.     Price  $2  50. 

The  long  delay  which  has  intervened  since  the  appearance  of  the  first  portion  of  this  work,  has 
rendered  necessary  an  Appendix,  embodying  the  numerous  and  important  investigations  and  dis- 
coveries of  the  last  few  years  in  the  subjects  contained  in  Part  I.  This  occupies  a  lanre  portion 
of  Part  II  ,  and  will  be  found  to  present  a  complete  abstract  of  the  most  recent  researches  in  the 
general  principles  of  the  science,  as  well  as  all  details  necessary  to  bring  the  whole  work  thoroughly 
up  to  the  present  lime  in  all  departments  of  Inorganic  Chemistry. 

The  great  reputation  which  this  work  has  enjoyed  since  its  first  appearance,  and  its  recognized 
position  in  the  front  rank  of  scientific  treatises,  render  eulogy  unnecessary  to  secure  for  it  imme- 
diate attention  en  the  pari  of  those  desiring  to  procure  a  complete  exposition  of  chemical  facts  and 
principles,  either  as  an  introduction  to  the  subject  for  the  student,  or  as  a  work  for  daily  reference 
by  the  practical  chemist. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  completing  their  copies  of  the  work  are  requested  lo  apply  for  Part  II. 
without  delay.     It  will  be  sent  by  mail,  prepaid,  on  receipt  of  the  amount.  $2  50. 

It  is  a  very  acceptable  addition  to  the  library  of  j  topics  there  discussed,  that  great  progress  has  '  een 
standard  hooks  of  every  chemical  student.  Mr.  j  made  in  the  interval,  both  in  chemical  physics  and 
Watts, well  known  as  the  translator  of  the  Cavendish  |  in  general  inorganic  chemistry.  No  reader  ofKng- 
Society  edition  of  Gmelin's  Chemistry,  has  made  in  I  lish  works  on  this  science  can  afford  to  be  without 
the  supplement  an  able  resume  of  the  progress  of  i  this  edition  of  Prof.  Graham's  Elements. — Silliman's 
the  science  since  the  publication  of  the  first  volume.  Journal,  March,  1- 
It  is  plain  from  the  number  and  importance  of  the  I 

GRIFFITH  (ROBERT  E.),  M.  D.,  &,c 
A  UNIVERSAL  FORMULARY,  containing  the  methods  of  Preparing  and  Ad- 
ministering Officinal  and  other  Medicines.  The  whole  adapted  to  Physicians  and  Pharmaceu- 
tists. Skcond  Edition,  thoroughly  revised,  with  numerous  additions,  by  Robert  P.  Thomas, 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medics  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  larjre  and 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  650  pages,  double  columns.  (Just  Issued.)  $3  00;  or 
bound  in  sheep,  S3  25. 

It  was  a  work  requiring  mach  perseverance,  and  I  nistering  medicines  that  can  be  desired  by  the  phy-i- 
tvh'Mi  published  was  looked  upon  a*  by  tar  the  best    cian  and  pharmaceutist. —  Wester. i  Lam 
work  of  its  kind  that  had  issued  from  the  American  \      The  amount  of  useful,  every-dav  matter,  for  a  prac 
prSM.     Prof   rhorna,  ha-  certainly  '-improved,''  as    ricinn  physician,    lg    really    unaiense.-.Bo*«Sfl    Mod. 
well  as  added  -oihis  Formulary,  and  has  rendered  n     an/i  Si(r,r  journai 
addihomllv  d< serving  of  the  confidence  of  pharma- ,  ■*  '  , 

ins.— Am.  Journal  of  Pharmacy.    <     .  7 ;  «  predict  a  great  sale  for  this  work,  and  we  espe- 
..,  ,    ciallv  recommend  u  to  all  medical  teachers.— Rich' 

W  e  are  happy  to  announce  a  new  and  improved    moni,  Stethoscope. 
edition  of  this,  one  of  the  mo-t  valuable  and  useful  I  ■ 

works  that  have  emanated  from  an  American  pen.  .  rhis  edition of  Dr. Gnffith's  work  hasbeea  trestly 
It  would  do  credit  to  any  country,  and  will  he.  found  improved  by  the  revision  and  ample  add  lions  of  Dr. 
of  daily  usefulness  to  practitioners  of  medicine;  it  is  !ln(l  l?  now-  w»'  believe,  one  oi  the  rnosl 

better  adapt,  dlo  their  purposes  ihan  the  dispensato-     complete  work-  oi   its  kind  in   any   language.      I  he 
Sou Medina  Surg.  Journal.  additions  amount  to  about  seventy   pages,  and   no 

.    .                r  ,                        r   it       i                                         •  effort  ha-  been  spared  to  include   in   them   all   the   re- 
It  is  one  of  the  mosniseful  b«x>ks  a  country  praeti-  ,.,.„,    improvementS  which    have  been  published   in 
t.oncrcaupos-.bly  have  in  his  posse,s,on.-M,'/(rr,  raedical  journals,  and  I  work 
Chronicle.  m-  ,|n^  klll(|  appears  to  us  indispensable  to  the  pay  si- 
This  i-^  a  work  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  one  pages  cian,  and  there  i-  none  <ve  can  more  cordially  recom- 
emuracing  all  on  the  subject  of  preparing  and  admi-  mend.— N.  Y.  Journal  of  M>dicine. 

BY    THE    SAME    AUTHOR. 

MEDICAL  BOTANY;  or,  a  Description  of  all  the  more  important  Plants  used 

in  Medicine,  and  of  their  Properties,  Uses,  and  Mode?  of  Administration.     In  one  large  octavo 
volume,  extra  cloth,  of  704  pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  nearly  350  illustrations,  on  wood.  $3  00. 


BLANCHAKD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


GROSS  (SAMUEL  D.),    M .  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  &c. 

New  Edition  (Now  Ready.) 
ELEMENTS  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.     Third  edition,  thoroughly 

revised  and  greatly  improved.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  about  three 

hundred  and  fifty  beautiful  illustrations,  of  which  a  large  number  are  from  original  drawings. 

Price  in  extra  cloth,  S4  75 ;  leather,  raised  bands,  §5  25. 

The  very  rapid  advances  in  the  Science  of  Pathological  Anatomy  during  the  last  few  years  have 
rendered  essential  a  thorough  modification  of  this  work,  with  a  view  of  making  it  a  correct  expo- 
nent of  the  present  state  of  the  subject.  The  very  careful  manner  in  which  this  task  has  been 
executed,  and  the  amount  of  alteration  which  it  has  undergone,  have  enabled  the  author  to  say  that 
"'  with  the  many  changes  and  improvements  now  introduced,  the  work  may  be  regarded  almost  as 
a  new  treatise,"  while  the  efforts  of  the  author  have  been  seconded  as  regards  the  mechanical 
execution  of  the  volume,  rendering  it  one  of  the  handsomest  productions  of  the  American  press. 
A  very  large  number  of  new  and  beautiful  original  illustrations  have  been  introduced,  and  the  work, 
it  is  hoped,  will  fully  maintain  the  reputation  hitherto  enjoyed  by  it  of  a  complete  and  practical  ex- 
position of  its  difficult  and  important  subject. 

We  most  sincerely  congratulate  the  author  on  the  .  AVe  have  been  favorably  impressed  with  the  gene- 
successful  manner  in  which  he  has  accomplished  his  ral  manner  in  which  Dr.  Gross  has  executed  his  task 
proposed  object.  His  book  is  most  admirably  eal-  of  affording  a  comprehensive  digest  of  the  present 
eulated  to  fill  up  a  blank  which  has  long  been  felt  to  state  of  the  literature  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  and 
exist  in  this  department  of  medical  literature,  and  j  have  much  pleasure  in  recommending  his  work  to 
as  such  must  become  very  widely  circulated  amongst  i  our  readers,  as  we  believe  one  well  deserving  of 
all  classes  of  the  profession. —  Dublin  Quarterly]  diluent  perusal  and  careful  study. — Montreal  Med. 
Joum.  of  Med.  Scitnce,  Nov.  1S57.  I  Chron.,  Sept.  1657. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

A   PRACTICAL    TREATISE   ON   THE    DISEASES,    INJURIES,  AND 

MALFORMATIONS  OF  THE  URINARY  BLADDER,  THE  PROSTATE  GLAND,  AND 
THE  URETHRA.  Second  Edition,  revised  and  much  enlarged,  with  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
four  illustrations.  In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  nine  hundred  pages. 
In  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25 ;  extra  cloth,  S4  75. 

A  volume  replete  with  truths  and  principles  of  the  I  sound  in  its  practical  details,  it  may  in  truth  be  said 

utmost  value  in  the  investigation  of  these  diseases. —  to  leave  scarcely  anything  to  be  desired  on  so  im- 

American  Medical  Journal.  portant  a  subject,  and  with  the  additions  and  modi- 

On  the  appearance  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  ncatic.ns  resulting  from  future  discoveries  and  im- 

the  leading  English  medical  review  predicted  that  it  Pavements,  it  will  probably  remain  one  of  the  most 

would  have  a  «  permanent  place  in  the  literature  of  valuable  works  on  this  subject  so  Ion?  as  the  science 

surgery  worthy  to  rank  with  the  best  works  of  the  °/  medicine   shall  exist.— Boston  Med.  and   Surg. 


present  age."     This  prediction  has  been  amply  ful- 


Journal. 


filled.  Dr.  Gross's  treatise  has  been  found  to  sup- i  AVhoever  will  peruse  the  vast  amount  of  valuable 
ply  completely  the  want  which  has  been  felt  ever  practical  information  it  contains,  and  which  we 
since  the  elevation  of  surgery  to  the  rank  of  a  science,  ,  have  been  unable  even  to  notice,  will,  we  think, 
of  a  good  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  the  j  agree  with  us,  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  English 
bladder  and  its  accessory  organB.  Philosophical  in  language  which  can  make  any  ju^t  pretensions  to 
its  design,  methodical  in  its  arrangement,  ample  and  i  be  its  equal. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  FOREIGN  BODIES  IN  THE  AIR-PAS- 

SAGES.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  illustrations,    pp.  468.     £2  75. 

A  very  elaborate  work.  It  is  a  complete  summary  conclude  by  recommending  it  to  our  readers,  fully 
of  the  whole  subject,  and  will  be  a  useful  book  of  persuaded  that  its  perusal  will  afford  them  much 
reference. — British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chirurg.  practical  information  well  conveyed,  evidentlv  de- 
Revieiu.  rived  from  considerable  experience  and  deduced,from 

A  highly  valuable  book  rtf  reference  on  a  most  im-  an  amPle  collection  of  facts.  —  Dublin  Quarterly 
portant  subject  in   the  practice  of  medicine.     We  ,  Journal,  May,  1855. 

by  the  same  author.     (Preparing.) 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY ;  Diagnostic,  Pathological,  Therapeutic,  and  Opera- 

tive.    With  very  numerous  engravings  on  wood. 


GLUGE  (GOTTLIEB),   M.  D„ 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Brussels,  &c. 

AN  ATLAS   OF    PATHOLOGICAL   HISTOLOOZ.     Translated,  with  Notes 

and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. In  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth,  with  320  figures,  plain  and  colored, 
on  twelve  copperplates.     $5  00. 


GARDNER'S  MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY,  for  the 
use  of  Students  and  the  Profession.  In  one  royal 
l2mo.  vol.,  ex.  cloth,  pp.  396,  with  illustrations. 
SI  00. 

HARRISON'S  ESSAY  TOWARDS  A  CORRECT 


HUGHES'  CLINICAL  INTRODUCTION  TO 
THE  PRACTICE  OF  AUSCULTATION  AND 
OTHER  MODES  OF  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS, 
IN  DISEASES  OF  THE  LUNGS  AND  HEART. 

Second  American,  from  the  second  London  edition. 


HEORY  OF  THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM.    In        l  voL  ro>'al  l^mo.,  ex.  cloth,  pp.  304.     SI  00. 
one  octavo  volume,  leather,  292  pages.     SI  50.         \  HUNTER'S    COMPLETE    AATORKS,   in    4  vols. 

i      8vo.,  leather,  with  plates.     810. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


17 


HOBLYN  (RICHARD  D.),  M.  D. 
A  DICTIONARY  OF  THE   TERMS   USED   IX  MEDICINE   AND   THE 

COLLATERAL  SCIENCES.  By  Kichard  D.  Hoblyn,  A.  M  .  ,Vc  A  new  American  edi- 
tion. Revised,  wiih  numerous  Additions,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  editor  of  the  "American 
Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences."  fa  one  larsje  royal  L2mo.  volume,  leather,  of  over  500  double 
columned  pages.     (Just  Issued,  1S56.)     $1  50. 

If  the  frequency  with  which  we  have  referred  to    nor  desire  to  procure  a  larger  work.  —  America* 
this  volume  since  its  rasestJOS  from  the  publisher.    Lancet. 


two  or  three  weeks  ago,  he  any  criterion  for  the 
future, the  bin Jing  will  soon  have  to  be  renewed, even 
with  c. ireful  handling .  We  find  that  Dr.  Hays  lias 
done  the  profession  great  service  by  his  careful  and 
industrious  labors.  The  Dictionary  lias  thus  become 
eminently  suited  to  our  medical  brethren  in  tlis 
country.  The  additions  by  Dr.  Hays  are  in  brackets. 
and  we  believe  there  is  not  a  single  page  hut  bears 
these  insignia  ;  in  every  instance  which  we  have  thus 
far  noticed,  the  additions  are  really  needed  and  ex- 
ceedingly valuable.  We  heartily  commend  the  work 
to  all  who  wish  to  be  an  murant  in  medical  termi- 
nology.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

To  both  practitioner  and  student,  we  recommend 
this  dictionary  as  being  convenient  in  size,  accurate 
in  definition,  and  sufficiently  full  and  complete  for 
ordinary  consultation.— Charleston  Med.  Joum.  and 
Kc  nil  >c 

Admirably  calculated  to  meet  the  wants  of  the 
practitioner  or  student,  who  has  neither  the  means 


Hoblyn  has  always  been  a  favorite  dictionary,  and 
in  its  present  enlarged  and  improved  form  will  give 
(renter  satisfaction  than  ever.  The  American  editor, 
Dr.  Hays,  has  made  many  very  valuable  additions. 
— iV.  J.  Med.  Reporter. 

To  supply  the  want  of  the  medical  reader  arising 
from  this  cause,  we  know  of  no  dictionary  better 
arranged  and  adapted  than  the  one  bearing  the  above 
title.  It  is  not  encumbered  with  the  obsolete  terms 
of  a  bygone  age,  but  it  contains  all  that  are  now  in 
use;  embracing  every  department  of  medical  science 
down  to  the  very  latest  date.  The  volume  is  of  a 
convenient  size  to  be  used  by  the  medical  student, 
and  yet  large  enough  to  make  a  respectable  appear- 
ance in  the  library  of  a  physician. — Westtm  Lancet. 

Hoblyn's  Dictionary  has  long  been  a  favorite  with 
us.  It  is  the  best  book  of  definitions  we  have,  and 
ought  always  to  be  upon  the  student's  table. — 
Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


HOLLAND  (SIR    HENRY),    BART.,    M.D..F.  R.S., 

Physician  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  of  England,  &c. 

MEDICAL  NOTES  AND  REFLECTIONS.     From  the  third  London  edition. 

In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     (Now  Beady.)     $3  00. 

As  the  work  of  a  thoughtful  and  observant  physician,  embodying  the  results  of  forty  years'  ac- 
tive professional  experience,  on  topics  of  the  highest  interest,  this  volume  is  commended  to  the 
American  practitioner  as  well  worthy  his  attention.  Few  will  rise  from  its  perusal  without  feel- 
ing their  convictions  strengthened,  and  armed  with  new  weapons  for  the  daily  struggle  with 
d^ease. 


HABERSHON  fS.  O.),   M .  D., 

Assistant  Physician  to  and  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  at  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 

PATHOLOGICAL   AND   PRACTICAL  OBSERVATIONS  ON  DISE  \SES 

OF  THE  ALIMENTARY  CANAL,  (ESOPHAGUS,  STOMACH,  C^CUM,  AND  INTES- 
TINES. With  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume.  (Republishing  in  t/ie 
Medical  News  and  Library  for  1858.) 


HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),  M .  D., 
Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SPECIAL    ANATOMY    AND    HISTOLOGY.     Eighth  edition.     Extensively 

revised  and  modified.      In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  of  more  than  one  thousand 
pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  over  three  hundred  illustrations.     $6  00. 


HAMILTON   (FRANK    H.),    M.   D., 

Professor  of  Surgery,  in  Buffalo  Medical  College,  &c. 

A  TREATISE  ON  FRACTURES  AND  DISLOCATIONS. 

octavo  volume,  with  numerous  illustrations.     (Preparing.) 


In  one  handsome 


JONES  (T.   WHARTON),    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Surgery  in*University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE   PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE   OF   OPHTHALMIC    MEDICINE 

AND  SURGERY'.  With  one  hundred  and  ten  illustrations.  Second  American  from  the  second 
and  revised  London  edition,  wiih  additions  by  Kdward  Hartshokne,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Witts' 
Hospital,  fee.     In  one  large,  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages.     SI   -r>0. 


We  arc  confident  that  the  reader  will  find,  on 
perusnl,  that  the  execution  of  the  work  amply  fulfils 
the  promise  of  the  preface,  rind  sustains,  in  every 
point,  the  already  h  gh  reputation  of  the  author  as 
an  ophthalmic  surgeon  as  well  as  a  physiologist 
and  pathologist.  The  hook  is  evidently  the  result 
of  much  labor  and  research,  and  lias  been  written 
with  the  greatest  care  and  attention;  it  possesses 
that  besi  quality  which  a  general  work,  like  a  svs- 
tern  or  manual  can  show,  viz  :  the  quality  of  having 
all  the  materials  whencesoever  derived,  so  thorough- 


ly wrought  up.  and  digested  in  the  author's  mind, 
as  to  come  forth  with  the  freshness  and  impressive- 
ness  of  an  original  production.  We  entertain  little 
doubt  that  tins  hook  will  become  what  its  author 
hoped  it  might  become,  a  manual  for  daily  reference 
and  consultation  by  the  student  and  the  general  prac- 
titioner. The  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness, 
clearness,  and  precision  of  style  which  distinguish 
all  the  productions  of  the  learned  author. — British 
and  For.  Med.  Review. 


IS 


BLANCHAKD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


JONES  (C.  HANDHELD),  F.  R.  S.,  &  EDWARD   H.  SI  EV EKING,   M.D., 

Assistant  Physicians  and  Lecturers  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London. 

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL   ANATOMY.     First  American  Edition, 

Revved.     With  three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  haudsome  wood  engravings.     In  one  large  and 
beautiful  octavo  volume  of  nearly  750  pages,  leather.     $3  75. 

As  a  concise  text-book,  containing,  in  a  condensed  |  present  condition  of  pathological  anatomy.  In  this 
form,  a  complete  outline  of  what  is  known  in  the  |  they  have  been  completely  successful.  The  work  is 
domain  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  it  is  perhaps  the  |  one  of  the  best  compilations  which  we  have  ever 
best  work  in  the  English  language.  Its  great  merit  perused. — Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Revieie. 
consists  in  its  completeness  and  brevity,  and  in  this  j  We  urge  upon  our  readers  and  the  profession  gene- 
respect  it  supplies  a  great  desideratum  in  our  lite-  i  rally  the  importance  of  informing  themselves  in  re- 
rature.  Heretofore  the  student  of  pathology  was  '  gard  to  modern  views  of  pathology,  and  recommend 
obliged  to  glean  from  a  great  number  of  monographs,  to  them  to  procure  the  work  before  us  as  the  best 
and  the  field  was  so  extensive  that  but  few  cultivated  means  of  obtaining  this  information. — Stethoscope. 
it  with  any  decree  of  success  As  a  simple  work  From  the  cagual  examination  we  have  given  we 
s  of  great  value  to  the  are  inclined  to  regard  it  as  a  text-book,  plain,  ra- 
tional, and  intelligible,  such  a  book  as  the  practical 
man  needs  for  daily  reference.  For  this  reason  it 
will  be  likely  to  be  largely  useful,  as  it  suits  itself 
to  those  busy  men  who  have  little  time  for  minute 
investigation,  and  prefer  a  summary  to  an  elaborate 
tieatise. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 


student  of  pathological  anatomy,' and  should  be  in 
every  physician's  library. — Western  Lancet. 

In  offering  the  above  titled  work  to  the  public,  the 
authors  have  not  attempted  to  intrude  new  views  on 
their  professional  brethren,  but  simply  to  lay  before 
them,  what  has  long  been  wanted,  an  outline  of  the 


KIRKES  (WILLIAM   SENHOUSE),    M.D., 

Demonstrator  of  Morbid  Anatomy  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  &c. 

A    MANUAL    OF    PHYSIOLOGY.      A  new  American,  from  the   third  and 

improved  London  edition.    With  two  hundred  illustrations.     In  one  large  and  handsome  royal 

12mo.  volume,  leather,     pp.  586.     $2  00.     (Now  Ready,  1857.) 

In  again  passing  this  work  through  his  hands,  the  author  has  endeavored  to  render  it  a  correct 
exposition  of  the  present  condition  of  the  science,  making  such  alterations  and  additions  as  have 
been  dictated  by  further  experience,  or  as  the  progress  of  investigation  has  rendered  desirable.  In 
every  point  of  mechanical  execution  the  publishers  have  sought  to  make  it  superior  to  former  edi- 
tions, and  at  the  very  low  price  at  which  it  is  offered,  it  will  be  found  one  of  the  handsomest  and 
cheapest  volumes  before  the  profession. 

In  making  these  improvements,  care  has  been  exercised  not  unduly  to  increase  its  size,  thus 
maintaining  its  distinctive  characteristic  of  presenting  within  a  moderate  compass  a  clear  and  con- 
nected view  of  its  subjects,  sufficient  for  the  wants  of  the  student. 

This  is  a  new  and  very  much  improved  edition  of  [  One  of  the  very  best  handbooks  of  Physiology  we 
Dr.  Kirkes'  Well-known  Handbook  of  Physiology.  J  possess— presenting  just  such  an  outline  of  the  sci- 
Originally  constructed  on  the  basis  of  the  admirable  ence,  comprising  an  account  of  its  leading  facts  and 
treatise  of  Miller,  it  has  in  successive  editions  de-  I  generally  admitted  principles,  as  the  student  requires 
veloped  itself  into  an  almost  original  work,  though  '  during  his  attendance  upon  a  course  of  lectures,  or 
no  change  has  been  made  in  the  plan  or  arrangement,     for  reTerence  whilst  preparing  for  examination. — 


It  combines  conciseness  with  completeness,  and  is 
therefore,  admirably  adapted  for  consultation  by  the 
busy  practitioner. — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Feb. 
1857. 

Its  excellence  is  in  its  compactness,  its  clearness, 
and  its  carefully  cited  authorities.  It  is  the  most 
convenient  of  text-books.  These  gentlemen,  Messrs 
Kirkes  and  Paget,  have  really  an  immense  talent  for 
silence,  which  is  not  so  common  or  so  cheap  as  prat- 
ing people  fancy.  They  have  the  gift  of  telling  us 
what  we  want  to  know,  without  thinking  it  neces- 
sary to  tell  us  all  they  know. — Boston  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal,  May  14,  1857. 


Am.  Medical  Journal. 

We  need  only  say,  that,  without  entering  into  dis- 
cussions of  unsettled  questions,  it  contains  all  the 
recent  improvements  in  this  department  of  medical 
science.  For  the  student  beginning  this  study,  and 
the  practitioner  who  has  but  leisure  to  refresh  his 
memory,  this  book  is  invaluable,  as  it  contains  all 
that  it  is  important  to  know,  without  special  details, 
which  are  read  with  interest  only  by  those  who 
would  make  a  specialty,  or  desire  to  possess  a  critic 
cal  knowledge  of  the  subject. — Charleston  Medical 
Journal. 


KNAPP'S  TECHNOLOGY;  or,  Chemistry  applied 
to  the  Arts  and  to  Manufactures.  Edited,  with 
numerous  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  Edmund 
Ronalds  and  Dr.  Thomas  Richardson.  First 
American  edition,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by 
Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson.     In  two  handsome 


octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  with  about  500  wood- 
engravings.  $6  00. 
LALLEMAND  ON  SPERMATORRHOEA.  Trans- 
lated and  edited  by  Henry  J.  McDottgal.  In  one 
volume,  octavo,  extra  cloth,  320  pages.  Second 
American  edition.    $1  75. 


LUDLOW  (J.   L.),   M.  D. 
A  MANUAL   OF    EXAMINATIONS   upon   Anatomy,   Physiology,    Surgery, 

Practice  of  Medicine,  Obstetrics,  Materia  Medica,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  and  Therapeutics.  To 
which  is  added  a  Medical  Formulary.  «  Designed  for  Students  of  Medicine  throughout  the  United 
States.  Third  edition,  thoroughly  revised  and  greatly  extended  and  enlarged.  With  three 
hundred  and  seventy  illustrations.  In  one  large  and  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  leather,  of 
over  800  closely  printed  pages.     (Now  Ready.)     S2  50. 

The  great  popularity  of  this  volume,  and  the  numerous  dematids  for  it  during  the  two  years  in  which 
it  has  been  out  of  print,  have  induced  the  author  in  its  revision  to  spare  no  pains  to  render  it  a 
correct  and  accurate  digest  of  the  most  recent  condition  of  all  the  branches  of  medical  science.  In 
many  respects  it  may, therefore,  be  regarded  rather  as  a  new  book  than  a  new  edition,  an  entire 
section  on  Physiology  having  been  added,  as  also  one  on  Organic  Chemistry,  and  many  portions 
having  been  rewritten.  A  very  complete  series  of  illustrations  has  been  introduced,  and  every 
care  has  been  taken  in  the  mechanical  execution  to  render  it  a  convenient  and  satisfactory  book  for 
study  or  reference. 

The  arrangement  of  the  volume  in  the  form  of  question  and  answer  renders  it  especially  suited 
for  the  office  examination  of  students  and  for  those  preparing  for  graduation. 


We  know  f»f  no  better  companion  for  the  student 
during  the  hours  spent  in  the  lecture  room,  or  to  re- 
fresh, at  a  glance,  his  memory  of  the  various  topics 


crammed  into  his  head  by  the  various  professors  to 
whom  he  is  compelled  to  listen. — Western  Lancet, 
May,  1857. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  19 

LEHMANN    (C.  G.) 

PHYSIOLOGICAL    CHEMISTRY.      Translated  from  the   second   edition    by 
George  E.  Day,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  B.,  &©.,  edited  by  K.  E.  Roobrs,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry 

in  the  Medical  Department  of  'tie  University  of  Pennsylvania,  with  illustrations  selected  from 
Fnnke's  Atlas  of  Phvsiological  Chemistry,  and  an  Appendix  of  'plates.  Complete  in  two  large 
and  handsome  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  containing  1200  pages,  with  nearly  two  hundred  illus- 
trations.    {Just  Issued.)     So"  00. 

This  great  work,  universallv  acknowledged  as  the  most  complete  and  authoritative  exposition  of 
the  principles  and  details  of  Zoochemistry,  in  its  passage  through  the  press,  has  received  from 
Professor  Rogers  such  care  as  was  necessary  to  present  it  in  a  correct  and  reliable  form.  To  such 
a  work  additions  were  deemed  superfluous,  but  several  years  having  elapsed  between  the  appear- 
ance in  Germany  of  the  first  and  la>t  volume,  the  latter  contained  a  supplement]  embodying  nume- 
rous corrections  and  additions  resulting  from  the  advance  of  the  science.  These  have  all  been  incor- 
porated in  the  text  in  their  appropriate  places,  while  the  subjects  have  l>een  still  further  elucidated  by 
the  insertion  of  illustrations  from  the  Atlasof  Dr.OttoFunke.  With  the  view  of  supplyingthe  student 
with  the  means  of  convenient  comparison,  a  large  number  of  wood-cuts,  from  works  on  kindred 
subjects,  have  also  been  added  in  the  form  of  an  Appendix  of  Plates.  The  work  is,  therefore,  pre- 
sented as  in  every  way  worthy  the  attention  of  all  who  desire  to  be  familiar  with  the  modern  tacts 
and  doctrines  of  Physiological  Science. 

The  most  important  contribution  as  yet  made  to  it  treats. — Edinburgh  Monthly  Journal  of  Medical 
Physiological   Chemistry. — Am.  Journal  Med.  Sci-     Science. 

ences,  Jan.  1^0.  Already  well  known  and  appreciated  by  the  scien- 

The  present  volumes  belong  to  the  small  class  of  tific  world,  Professor  Lchinann's  great  work  re- 
medical  literature  which  comprises  elaborate  works  quires  no  laudatory  sentences,  as,  under  u  new  garb, 
ofthe  highest  order  of  merit. — Montreal  Med.  Chron-  it  is  now  presented  to  us.  The  little  space  at  our 
icle,  Jan.  1S56.  command  would  ill  suffice  to  set  forth  even  a  small 

The  work  of  Lehmann   stands  unrivalled  as  the     portion  of  its  excellence*.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
most  comprehensive  book  of  reference  and  informa-  I  Journal,  Dec.  lo55. 
tion  extant  on  every  branch  of  the  subject  on  which  I 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.       (JltSt  Issued,  1856.) 

MANUAL  OF  CHEMICAL   PHYSIOLOGY.      Translated  from  the  German, 

with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  J.  Cheston  Morris,  M.  D.,  with  an  Introductory  Essay  on  Vital 
Force,  by  Samuel  Jackson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  With  illustrations  on  wood,  in  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth, 
of  336  pages.     $2  25. 

From  Prof.  Joel-soli's  Introductory  Essay. 

In  adopting  the  handbook  of  Dr.  Lehmann  as  a  manual  of  Organic  Chemistry  for  the  use  of  the 
students  of  the  University,  and  in  recommending  his  original  work  of  Physiological  Chemistry 
for  their  more  mature  studies,  the  high  value  of  his  researches,  and  the  great  weight  of  his  autho- 
rity in  that  important  department  of  medical  science  are  fully  recognized. 

The  present  volume  will  be  a  very  convenient  one  I  densed  form,  the  positive  facts  of  Physiological 
for  students,  as  offering  a  brief  epitome  of  the  more  Chemistry. — Am.  Journal  Med.  Sciences,  April,  1856. 
elaborate  work,  and  as  containing,  in  a  very  con-  | 


LAWRENCE  (W.),    F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
A  TREATISE    ON    DISEASES    OF    THE    EYE.     A    new  edition,   edited, 

with  numerous  additions,  and  243  illustrations,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Will's  Hospi- 
tal, &c.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  950  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather 
with  raised  bands.     S5  00. 

This  admirable  treatise— the  safest  guide  and  most  I  octavo  pages— has  enabled  both  author  and  editor  to 
comprehensive  work  of  reference,  which  is  within  do  justice'to  all  the  details  of  this  subject,  and  con- 
the  reach  ofthe  profession. — Stethoscope.  dense  in  this  single  volume  the  present  state  of  our 

knowledge  of  the  whole  science  in  this  department, 

This  standard  text-book  on  the  department  of  whereby  its  practical  value  cannot  be  excelled.  We 
which  it  treats,  has  not  been  superseded,  by  any  or  heartily  commend  it,  especially  as  a  book  of  refer- 
all  of  the  numerous  publications  on  the  subject  ence,  indispensable  in  every  medical  library.  The 
heretofore  issued.  Nor  with  the  multiplied  improve-  additions  of  the  American  editor  very  greatly  en- 
ment8  of  Dr.  Hays,  the  American  editor,  is  it  at  all  hance  the  value  ofthe  work,  exhibiting  the  learning 
likely  that  this  great  work  will  cease  to  merit  the  and  experience  of  Dr.  Hays,  in  the  light  in  which  he 
conGdence  and  preference  of  students  or  practition-  ought  to  be  held,  as  a  standard  authority  on  all  sub- 
era.     It8  ample  extent— nearly  one  thousand  large    jects  appertaining  to  this  specialty .—N.Y.  Med.  Gaz. 


LARDNER  (DIONYSIUS),  D.  C.  L.,  &c. 
HANDBOOKS  OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY  AND  ASTRONOMY. 

Revised,  with  numerous  Additions,  by  the  American  editor.  First  Course,  containing  Mecha- 
nics, Hydrostatics,  Hydraulics,  Pneumatics,  Sound,  and  Optics.  In  one  large  royal  12mo. 
volume,  of  750  pages,  with  424  wood-cuts.  SI  75.  Second  Course,  containing  Heat,  Electricity, 
Magnetism,  and  Galvanism,  one  volume,  large  royal  12mo.,  of  450  pages,  with  250  illustration's. 
|1  25.  Third  Course  {vow  ready), containing  Meteorology  and  Astronomy,  in  one  large  volume, 
royal  12mo.  of  nearly  S00  pages,  with  37  plates  and  200  wood-cuts.     $2  00. 


LAYCOCK  (THOMAS),    M.  D.,   F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Practical  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

LECTURES    ON   THE    PRINCIPLES    AND    METHODS    OF    MEDICAL 

OBSERVATION  AND  RESEARCH.     For  the  Use  of  Advanced  Students  and  Junior  Prac- 
titioners.   In  one  very  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth.  Price  $1  00.  (Just  Published,  1857.) 


20 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


LA  ROCHE  (R.),  M.  D.,  &c. 
YELLOW  FEVER,  considered  in  its  Historical,  Pathological,  Etiological,  and 
Therapeutical  Relations.  Including  a  Sketch  of  the  Disease  as  it  has  occurred  in  Philadelphia 
from  1699  to  1854,  with  an  examination  of  the  connections  between  it  and  the  fevers  known  under 
the  same  name  in  other  parts  of  temperate  as  well  as  in  tropical  regions.  In  two  large  and 
handsome  octavo  volumes  of  nearly  1500  pages,  extra  cloth.     $7  00. 


From  Professor  S.  U.  Dickson,  Charleston,  S.  C, 
September  18,  1855. 

A  monument  of  intelligent  and  well  applied  re- 
search, almost  without  example.  It  is,  indeed,  in 
itself,  a  large  library,  and  is  destined  to  constitute 
the  special  resort  as  a  book  of  reference,  in  the 
subject  of  which  it  treats,  to  all  future  time. 

We  have  not  time  at  present,  engaged  as  we  are, 
by  djiyV  and  by  night,  in  the  work  of  combating  this 
very  disease,  now  prevailing  in  our  city,  to  do  more 
than  give  this  cursory  notice  of  what  we  consider 
as  undoubtedly  the  most  able  and  erudite  medical 
publication  our  country  has  yet  produced.  But  in 
view  of  the  startling  fact,  that  this,  the  most  malig- 
nant and  unmanageable  disease  of  modern  times, 
has  for  several  years  been  prevailing  in  our  country 
to  a  greater  extent  than  ever  before;  that  it  is  no 
longer  confined  to  either  large  or  small  cities,  but 
penetrates  country  villages,  plantations,  and  farm- 
houses; that  it  is  treated  with  scarcely  better  suc- 
cess now  than  thirty  or  forty  years  ago;  that  there 
is  vast  mischief  done  by  ignorant  pretenders  to  know- 
ledge in  regard  to  the  disease,  and  in  view  of  the  pro- 
bability that  a  majority  of  southern  physicians  will 
be  called  upon  to  treat  the  disease,  we  trust  that  this 
able  and  comprehensive  treatise  will  be  very  gene- 
rally read  in  the  south. — Memphis  Med.  Recorder. 

This  is  decidedly  the  great  American  medical  work 
of  the  day — a  full,  complete,  and  systematic  treatise, 
unequalled  by  any  other  upon  the  all-important  sub- 
jectof  Yellow  Fever.  The  laborious,  indefatigable, 
and  learned  author  has  devoted  to  it  many  years  of 


arduous  research  and  careful  study,  and  the  result- 
is  such  as  will  reflect  the  highest' honor  upon  the 
author  and  our  country. — Southern  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

The  genius  and  scholarship  of  this  great  physician 
could  not,  have  been  better  employed  than  in  the 
erection  of  this  towering  monument  to  his  own  fame, 
and  to  the  glory  of  the  medical  literature  of  his  own 
country.  It  is  destined  to  remain  the  great  autho- 
rity upon  the  subject  of  Yellow  Fever.  The  student 
and  physician  will  find  in  these  volumes  a  r£sum6 
of  the  sum  total  of  the  knowledge  of  the  world  upon 
the  awful  scourge  which  they  so  elaborately  discuss. 
The  style  is  so  soft  and  so  pure  as  to  refresh  and  in- 
vigorate the  mind  while  absorbing  the  thoughts  of 
the  gifted  author,  while  the  publishers  have  suc- 
ceeded in  bringing  the  externals  into  a  most  felicitous 
harmony  with  the  inspiration  that  dwells  within. 
Take  it  all  in  all,  it  is  a  book  we  have  often  dreamed 
of,  but  dreamed  not  that  it  would  ever  meet  our 
waking  eye  as  a  tangible  reality. — Nashville  Journal 
of  Medicine. 

We  deem  it  fortunate  that  the  splendid  work  of 
Dr.  La  Roche  should  have  been  issued  from  the  press 
at  this  particular  time.  The  want  of  a  reliable  di- 
gest of  all  that  is  known  in  relation  to  this  frightful 
malady  has  long  been  felt — a  want  very  satisfactorily 
met  in  the  work  before  us.  We  deem  it  but  faint 
praise  to  say  that  Dr.  La  Roche  has  succeeded  in 
presenting  the  profession  with  an  able  and  complete 
monograph,  one  which  will  find  its  way  into  every 
well  ordered  library. —  Va.  Stethoscope. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

PNEUMONIA ;  its  Supposed  Connection,  Pathological  and  Etiological,  with  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  including  an  Inquiry  into  the  Existence  and  Morbid  Agency  of  Malaria.  In  one 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages.    $3  00. 


MILLER  (HENRY),  M.D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  "Women  and  Children  in  the  University  of  Louisville. 

PRINCIPLES  ANJJ  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRICS,  &c;  including  the  Treat- 

ment  of  Chronic  Inflammation  of  the  Cervix  and  Body  of  the  Uterus  considered  as  a  frequent 
cause  of  Abortion.  With  about  one  hundred  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  very  handsome  oc- 
tavo volume,  of  over  600  pages.     (Now  Ready.)     $>3  75. 

The  reputation  of  Dr.  Miller  as  an  obstetrician  is  too  widely  spread  to  require  the  attention  of 
the  profession  to  be  specially  called  to  a  volume  containing  the  experience  of  his  long  and  extensive 
practice.  The  very  favorable  reception  accorded  to  his  "  Treatise  on  Human  Parturition,"  issued 
some  years  since,  is  an  earnest  that  the  present  work  will  fulfil  the  author's  intention  of  providing 
within  a  moderate  compass  a  complete  and  trustworthy  text-book  for  the  student,  and  book  of  re- 
ference for  the  practitioner.  Based  to  a  certain  extent  upon  the  former  work,  but  enlarged  to  more 
than  double  its  size,  and  almost  wholly  rewritten,  it  presents,  besides  the  matured  experience  of 
the  author,  the  most  recent  views  and  investigations  of  modern  obstetric  writers,  such  as  Dubois, 
Cazeaux,  Simpson,  Tyler  Smith,  &"c,  thus  embodying  the  results  not  only  of  the  American, 
but  also  of  the  Paris,  the  London,  and  the  Edinburgh  obstetric  schools.  The  author's  position  for  so 
many  years  as  a  teacher  of  his  favorite  branch,  has  given  him  a  familiarity  with  the  wants  of  stu- 
dents and  a  facility  of  conveying  instruction,  which  cannot  fail  to  render  the  volume  eminently 
adapted  to  its  purposes. 

We  congratulate  the  author  that  the  task  is  done,  j 
We  congratulate  him  that  he  has  given  to  the  medi- 
cal public  a  work  which  will  secure  for  him  a  high  J 
and  permanent  position  among  the  standard  autho- 
rities on  the  principles  and  practice  of  obstetrics. 
Congratulations  are  not  less  due  to  the  medical  pro- 
fession of  this  country,  on  the  acquisition  of  a  trea- 
tise embodying  the  results  of  the  studies,  reflections, 
and  experience  of  Prof.  Miller.  Few  men,  if  any, 
in  this  country,  are  more  competent  than  he  to  write 
on  this  department  of  medicine.  Engaged  for  thirty- 
five  years  in  an  extended  practice  of  obstetrics,  for 
many  years  a  teacher  of  this  branch  of  instruction 
in  one  of  the  largest  of  our  institutions,  a  diligent 
student  as  well  as  a  careful  observer,  an  original  and 
independent  thinker,  wedded  to  no  hobbies,  ever 
ready  to  consider  without  prejudice  new  views,  and 
to  adopt  innovations  if  they  are  really  improvements, 
and  withal  a  clear,  agreeable  writer,  a  practical 
treatise  from  his  pen  could  not  fail  to  possess  great 
value.  Returning  to  Prof.  Miller's  work  we  have 
only  to  add  that  we  hope  most  sincerely  it  will  be  in 
the  hands  of  every  reading  and  thinking  practitioner 
of  this  country. — Buffalo  Med  Journal,  Mar.  1858. 


In  fact,  this  volume  must  take  its  place  among  the 
standard  systematic  treatises  on  obstetrics  ;  a  posi- 
tion to  which  its  merits  justly  entitle  it.  The  style 
is  such  that  the  descriptions  are  clear,  and  each  sub- 
ject is  discussed  and  elucidated  with  due  regard  to 
its  practical  bearings,  which  cannot  fail  to  make  it 
acceptable  and  valuable  to  both  students  and  prac- 
titioners. We  cannot,  however,  close  this  brief 
notice  without  congratulating  the  author  and  the 
profession  on  the  production  of  such  an  excellent 
treatise.  The  author  is  a  western  man  of  whom  we 
feel  proud,  and  we  cannot  but  think  that  his  book 
will  find  many  readers  and  warm  admirers  wherever 
obstetrics  is  taught  and  studied  as  a  science  and  an 
art. — The  Cincinnati  Lancet  and  Observer,  Feb.  1858. 

A  most  respectable  and  valuable  addition  to  our 
home  medical  literature,  and  one  reflecting  credit 
alike  on  the  author  and  the  institution  to  wtiich  he 
is  attached.  The  student  will  find  in  this  work  a 
most  useful  guide  to  his  studies  ;  the  country  prac- 
titioner, rusty  in  his  reading,  can  obtain  from  its 
pages  a  fair  resume  of  the  modern  literature  of  the 
science;  and  we  hope  to  see  this  American  produc- 
tion generally  consulted  by  the  profession. —  Va. 
Med.  Journal,  Feb.  1858. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS, 


21 


MEIGS  (CHARLES  D.),  M.D., 
Professor  of  Obstetrics,  &e.  in  the  Jetferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

OBSTETRICS:  THE   SCIENCE   AND   THE   ART.     Third  edition,  revised 

and  improved.    With  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  illustrations.   In  one  beautifully  printed  oetavo 

volume,  leather,  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  large 

Tin' rapid  demand  lor  another  edition  of  this  work  is  a  sullicient  expression  of  the  favorable 
verdict  oi  ibe  profession.  In  thus  preparing  it  a  third  time  for  the  press,  the  author  has  endeavored 
ler  it  in  every  respect  worthy  of  the  favor  which  it  baa  received.  To  accomplish  this  he 
has  thoroughly  revised  it  in  every  part.  Some  portions  have  been  rewritten,  others  added,  new 
bave  been  in  many  instances  substituted  for  such  a-  were  not  deemed  satisfactory, 
while,  by  an  alteration  in  the  typographical  arrangement,  the  size  of  the  work  has  not  \»-<-n  inc 
and  the  price  remains  unaltered.  In  itspresenl  improved  form,  it  is,  therefore,  hoped  that  the  work 
will  continue  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  American  profession  as  a  sound,  practical,  and  extended 
System  of  Midwifery. 


The   best   American  work  on    Midwifery  that  is 
le  to  the  student  and  practitioner — N.  W. 

M>il.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Jan.  I 


Though  the  work  has  received  only  five  paces  of 
enlargement,  its  chapter!  throughout  wear  the  itn- 
earefnl  revision.  Expunging  and  rewriting, 

lei  ling  its  sentence*,  with  occasional  new  ma-  T)lis          ,..1I1(]anl  work  by  a  great  American  Ob- 

tenal,  all  evince  a  lively  desire  thai  it  thai]  etrician.     It  is  the  third  and  last  edition,  and,  in 

'-"  be  ■                     improved  in  cmmst  as  well  ai  the  laxgoage  of  the  preface,  the  author  haa  "brought 

matter.    In  the  vmu-r.  every  stroke  ot  the  pen  bai  Ill(.  Ia0ject  up  to  the  latest  dates  of  real  in 

■d  the  value  o,  the  hook,  both  in  expunging  „„.„,  jni,„r  :irt  :iIll|  Science  "—Nashville  ./• 

and  additions—  W$Mtt  m  Lancet,  Jan.  ,  May,  1857. 

BY   THE   SAME    AUTHOR.      (L'ltr/t/   ItSUtd.) 

WOMAN:  TIER  DISEASES  AND  THEIR   REMEDIES.     A  Series  of  Lee- 

it  to  bis  Class.     Third  and   Improved  edition.     In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo 

volume,  leather.         pp.  672.     $3  00. 

The  gratifying  appreciation  of  his  labors,  as  evinced  by  the  exhaustion  of  two  large  impre 
of  this  work  within  a  few  years,  has  not  been  lost  upon  the  author,  who  has  endeavored  in  every 
way  to  render  it  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  opportunity  thus 
afforded  for  a  second  revision  has  been  improved,  and  the  work  is  now  presented  as  in  every  way 
aoperior  to  its  predeceaaors,  additions  and  alterations  having  beetl  made  whenever  the  advance  of 
science  has  rendered  them  desirable.  The  typographical  execution  of  the  work  will  also  lie  found 
to  have  undergone  a  similar  improvement,  and  the  work  is  now  confidently  presented  as  in  every 
way  worthy  the  position  it  has  acquired  as  the  standard  American  text-book  on  the  Diaei 
Fern  a 


It  contains  a  vast  amount  of  practical  knowledge, 
by  one  who  has  accurately  observed  and  retained 
the  experience  of  many  years,  and  who  tells  the  re- 
sult in  a  free,  familiar,  and  pleasant  manner. — Dub- 
lin 'ivnrttrly  Journal. 

There  is  an  off-hand  fervor,  a  glow,  and  a  warm- 
ness  infecting  the  eff  >rt  of  Dr.  Meigs,  which 
is  entirely  captivating,  and  which  absolutely  hur- 
ries the  reader  through  from  beginning  to  end.  Be- 
sides, the  book  teems  with  solid  instruction,  and 
it  shows  the  very  highest  evidence  of  ability,  viz., 
mess  with  which  the  information  is  pre- 
sented.    We  know  of  no  better  test  of  one's  under- 


such  bold  relief,  as  to  produce  distinct  impressions 
upon  the  mind  and  memory  of  the  reader.  —  Tht 
Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Professor  Meigs  has  enlarged  and  amended  this 
great  work,  for  such  it  unquestionably  is,  having 
passed  the  ordeal  of  criticism  at  home  and  abroad, 
but  been  improved  thereby ;  for  in  this  new  edition 
the  author  has  introduced  real  improvements,  and 
increased  the  value  and  utility  of  the  hook  im- 
measurably. It  presents  so  many  novel,  bright, 
and  sparkling  thoughts;  such  an  exuberance  of  new 
ideas  on  almost  every  page,  that  we  confess  our- 
selves  to   have  become   enamored    with    the   book 


standing  a  subject  than  the  evidence  of  the  power    and  its  author;  and  cannot  withhold  our  eongratu- 
of  lucidly  explaining  it.     The  most  elementary,  as    lations  from  our  Philadelphia  confreres,  thai  such  a 
well  as  the  obscurest  subjects,  under  the  pencil  of    teacher  is  in  their  service. — N.  Y.  Med.  Gazette. 
Prof.  Meigs,  are  isolated  and  made  to  stand  out  in  | 

BY  THE  SAME   AUTHOR.      (Lately  Published.) 

NATURE,    SIGNS,    AND    TREATMENT    OF    CHILDBED 


ON    THE 

FEVER.     In   a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  Students  of  his  Class. 
•  )  volume,  extra  cloth,  o(  365  pages.     $2  o0. 


In  one  handsome 


The  instructive  and  interesting  author  of  this 
work,  whose  previous  labors  in  the  department  of 
medicine  which  he  so  sedulously  cultivates,  have 
placed  his  countrymen  under  deep  and  abiding  obli- 
gations, again  challenges  their  admiration  in  the 
fresh  ami  vigorous,  attractive  ami  racy  pages  before 

ns.  It  is  a  delectable  book.  *  #  *  This  treatise 
upon  child-bed  fevers  will  have  an  extensive  sale, 
being  destined,  as  it  i  to  End  a  place  in  the 

library  of  every  practitioner  who  scorns  to  las  in  the 
rear. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medizine  andSurgery. 

BY   THE   SAME    AUTHOR;    WITH  COLORED  PLATES. 

A  TREATISE  ON  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC  DISEASES  OF  THE  NECK 

OF  THE  UTERUS.     With  numerous  plates,  drawn  and  colored  from  nature  in  the  highest 
style  of  art.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     SI  50. 


This  book  will  add  more  to  his  fame  than  either 
of  those  which  bear  Ins  name.  Indeed  we  doubt 
whether  any  material  improvement  will  be  made  on 
the  teachings  of  this  volume  for  a  century  to  come, 
since  it  is  so  eminently  practical,  and  based  on  pro- 
found knowledge  of  the  $ri,nrr  and  consummate 
■kill  in  the  art  of  healing,  and  ratified  by  sn  ample 
and  extensive  experience,  such  as  few  men  have  the 
industry  or  good  fortune  to  acquire. — N.  I 
Gazi  Ate. 


KAYNB'S    DISPENSATORY     A\D     THERA- 
PEUTICAL   REMEMBRANCER.     Comprising 

.'ire  lists  of  Materia  Medica,  wil 
Practical  Formula  contained  in  the  three  British 
PharmaeopsBias.    Edited,  with  the  addition  of  the 
Formula'  of  the  U .  8.   Pham  It.  B. 

Griffith, MA),    llxmo.  vol.  ex.el.,800pp.  75  c. 


MALGAIGNE'8  O PES  A.TTV  E  BURGEE  V.  based 
on  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy.  Trans- 
lated from  the  French  By  Pbxdsxtci  Hrittan, 
A.  B.,  M   1).  With  numerous  illustrations  on  wood. 

In  one    handsome    octavo    volume,  extra    cloth,  of 
nearly  six  hundred  pag< 


24  BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 

NEILL  (JOHN),   M.  D., 

Surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  &c;  and 

FRANCIS  GURNEY   SMITH,   M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

AN  ANALYTICAL   COMPENDIUM    OP   THE    VARIOUS    BRANCHES 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE  ;  for  the  Use  and  Examination  of  Students.     A  new  edition,  revised 

and  improved.    In  one  very  large  and  handsomely  printed  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  about  one 

thousand  pages,  with  374  wood-cuts.     Strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     $3  00. 

The  very  nattering  reception  which  has  been  accorded  to  this  work,  and  the  high  estimate  placed 
upon  it  by  the  profession,  as  evinced  by  the  constant  and  increasing  demand  which  has  rapidly  ex- 
hausted two  large  editions,  have  stimulated  the  authors  to  render  the  volume  in  its  present  revision 
more  worthy  of  the  success  which  has  attended  it.  It  has  accordingly  been  thoroughly  examined, 
and  such  errors  as  had  on  former  occasions  escaped  observation  have  been  corrected,  and  whatever 
additions  were  necessary  to  maintain  it  on  a  level  with  the  advance  of  science  have  been  introduced. 
The  extended  series  of  illustrations  has  been  still  further  increased  and  much  improved,  while,  by 
a  slight  enlargement  of  the  page,  these  various  additions  have  been  incorporated  without  increasing 
the  bulk  of  the  volume.  \ 

The  work  is,  therefore,  again  presented  as  eminently  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  hitherto 
been  received.  As  a  book  for  daily  reference  by  the  student  requiring  a  guide  to  his  more  elaborate 
text-books,  as  a  manual  for  preceptors  desiring  to  stimulate  their  students  by  frequent  and  accurate 
examination,  or  as  a  source  from  which  the  practitioners  of  older  date  may  easily  and  cheaply  acquire 
a  knowledge  of  the  changes  and  improvement  in  professional  science,  its  reputation  is  permanently 
established. 

The  best  work  of  the  kind  with  which  we  are 
acquainted. — Med.  Examiner. 

Having  made  free  use  of  this  volume  in  our  ex- 
aminations of  pupils,  we  can  speak  from  experi- 
ence in  recommending  it  as  an  admirable  compend 
for  students,  and  as  especially  useful  to  preceptors 
who  examine  their  pupils.  It  will  save  the  teacher 
much  labor  by  enabling  him  readily  to  recall  all  of 


the  points  upon  which  his  pupils  should  be  ex 
amined.  A  work  of  this  sort  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  one  who  takes  pupils  into  his  office  with  a 
view  of  examining  them  ;  and  this  is  unquestionably 
the  best  of  its  class. — Transylvania  Med.  Journal. 

In  the  rapid  course  of  lectures,  where  work  for 


the  students  is  heavy,  and  review  necessary  for  an 
examination,  a  compend  is  not  only  valuable,  but 
it  is  almost  a  sine  qua  non.  The  one  before  us  is, 
in  most  of  the  divisions,  the  most  unexceptionable 
of  all  books  of  the  kind  that  we  know  of.  The 
newest  and  soundest  doctrines  and  the  latest  im- 
provements and  discoveries  are  explicitly,  though 
concisely,  laid  before  the  student.  There  is  a  class 
to  whom  we  very  sincerely  commend  this  cheap  book 
as  worth  its  weight  in  silver — that  class  is  the  gradu- 
ates in  medicine  of  more  than  ten  years'  standing, 
who  have  not  studied  medicine  since.  Tliey  will 
perhaps  find  outfromitthatthe  science  is  not  exactly 
now  what  it  was  when  they  left  it  off. — The  Stetho- 
scope 


NEILL  (JOHN),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &c. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  VEINS  AND  LYMPHATICS.     With  handsome  colored 

plates.     1  vol.,  cloth.  $1  25. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  NERVES.     With  handsome  plates..    1  vol.,  cloth.  $1  25. 


NELIGAN  (J.    MOORE),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I. A.,  &c. 

(A  splendid  work.     Just  Issued.) 

ATLAS  OF  CUTANEOUS  DISEASES.     In  one  beautiful  quarto  volume,  extra 

cloth,  with  splendid  colored  plates,  presenting  nearly  one  hundred  elaborate  representations  of 

disease.     $4  50. 

This  beautiful  volume  is  intended  as  a  complete  and  accurate  representation  of  all  the  varieties 
of  Diseases  of  the  Skin.  While  it  can  be  consulted  in  conjunction  with  any  work  on  Practice,  it  has 
especial  reference  to  the  author's  "  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  so  favorably  received  by  the 
profession  some  years  since.  The  publishers  feel  justified  in  saying  that  few  more  beautifully  exe- 
cuted plates  have  ever  been  presented  to  the  profession  of  this  country. 

A  compend  which  will  very  much  aid  the  praeti-  j  long  existent  desideratum  much  felt  by  the  largest 
tioner  in  this  difficult  branch  of  diagnosis.  Taken  I  class  of  our  profession.  It  presents,  in  quarto  Bize, 
with  the  beautiful  plates  of  the  Atlas,  which  are  j  16  plates,  each  containing  from  3  to  6  figures,  and 


remarkable  for  their  accuracy  and  beauty  of  color- 
ing, it  constitutes  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the 
library  of  a  practical  man.—  Buffalo  Med.  Journal, 
Sept. 1856. 
Nothing  is  often  more  difficult  than  the  diagnosis 


forming  in  all  a  total  of  90  distinct  representations 
of  the  different  species  of  skin  affections,  grouped 
together  in  genera  or  families.  The  illustrations 
have  been  taken  from  nature,  and  have  heen  copied 
with  such  fidelity  that  they  present  a  striking  picture 
(rfdi^aslof  tVhTak£7^ti"theVto,  thTonlyWoSM  I  °?  Jife'  in  which  the  reduced  scale  aptly  serves  to 
containing  illustrations  have  been  at  rather  incon-  I  S»ve'  »'«  C0UP  d  ceil,  the  remarkable  peculiarities 
venient  prices-prices,  indeed,  that  prevented  gene-  |  of  each  individual  variety.  And  while  thus  the  dis 
ral  use.  The  work  before  us  will  supply  a  want  I  ea.se  1S  rendered  more  definable,  there  is  yet  no  loss 
lone  felt,  and  minister  to  a  more  perfect  acquaintance  of  proportion  incurred  by  the  necessary  concentra- 
with  the  nature  and  treatment  of  a  very  frequent  j  \}on-  Each  fiSure  ls  hlSh[Y  colored,  and  so  truthful 
and  troublesome  form  of  disease.-O/uo  Med.  and\  has  the  artist  been  that  the  most  fastid  ous  observer 
Surg  Journal   July    1856  I  could  not  justly  take  exception  to  the  correctness  ot 

'  '  '  '  the  execution  of  the  pictures  under  his  scrutiny. — 

Neligan's  Atlas  of  Cutaneous  Diseases  supplies  a  I  Montreal  Med.  Chronicle. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A   PRACTICAL   TREATISE    ON   DISEASES    OF  THE    SKIN.     Second 

American  edition.     In  one  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  334  pages.     $1  00. 

JB^*  The  two  volumes  will  be  sent  by  mail  on  receipt  of  Five  Dollars. 

OWEN    ON    THE    DIFFERENT    FORMS    OF  I      One  vol.  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  with  numerous 
THE   SKELETON,  AND   OF   THE   TEETH.  |     illustrations.    (Just  Issued.)    $1  25. 


lU     rUDLilOAI  1UIN5, 


(IVoio  Complete.) 
PEREIRA  (JONATHAN),  M.  D.f  F.  R.  S.,  AND  L.  S. 

THE    ELEMENTS    OF    MATERIA    MEDICA    AND    THERAPEUTICS. 

Third  American  edition,  enlarged  and  improved  by  the  author ;  including  '  most  of  the 

Medicinal  Substances  in  use  in  the  civilized  world,  and  formiug  an  L  .  of  Materia 

Medica.    Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Joseph  Cannon,  M.  L)..  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,    la  two  very  large  octavo  volumes  of2100 

a*  small  tvpe,  with  about  000  illustration  on   stone  and  wood,  Strongly  bound  in  leather,  with 
raised  hands.     $9  00. 

Gentlemen  who  have  the  first  volume  nre  recommended  to  complete  th»-ir  copies  without  , 
The  first  volume  will  no  longer  be  so  d  separate.     Price  of  Vol.  II.  $5  00. 

The  third  edition  of  his  u  Elements  of  Materia  .and  to  the  directions  of  the  United  States  P 

a, although  completed  andei  t lie  supervision  of  eopesia,  in  connection  with  all  tin 

others,  is  by  far  the  most  elaborate  treatise  in  tlie  in  the  volume  which  nre  referred  toby  it     The  il- 

English  language^and  will, while  medical  literature  lustrations  have  been  Increased, and  tiiis  edition  by 

is  cherished,  continue  a  monument  alike  honorable  Dr.  Carson  cannot  well  he  regarded  in  an. 

to   his   senilis,  as    to    his    learning  and  industry.—  :  light  than  that  of  a  treasure  which  should  be 

American  Journal  of  Pharr/i  <cy.  in  t lie  library  of  every  phvsi  dan  —  X,  >r  York  Joum- 

Our  own  opinion  of  its  merits  is  thnt  of  its  editors,  "•  of  M>dical  and  Collateral  Science. 
nnd  also  that  of  the  whole  profession,  both  of  this  The  work,  in  its  present  shape,  forms  the   most 
and  foreign  countries— namely,  "  that  in  copious-  comprehensive  and   complete   treatise  on 
Hess  of  details,  in  extent,  variety,  and  aeeeraey  of  mediea  extant  in  the  English  language.    'I 
information,  and  in   lucid  explanation   ><(  difficult  counts  of  the  physiological  and  therapeutic  i 
and  recondite  subjects,  it  surpasses  all  other  works  of  remedies  art  g]  veil   Willi  great  clearness  and  .-ir- 
on .Materia  .Medica   hitherto  published.''      We  can-  curacy,  and   in  a   manner   Calculated    to   bate 

not  close  this  notice  without  alluding  to  the  special  I  well  aa  instruct   the  reader. — Edinburgh  Modieml 
additions  of  the  American  editor,  which  pertain  to  i  and  Surgical  Journal. 
the  prominent  vegetable  productions  of  this  country,  I 


PEASLEE   (E.   R.l,    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  General  Pathology  m  the  New  York  Medical  College. 

MEAN  HISTOLOGY,  in  its  relations  to  Anatomy,  Physiology,  an.l  I'atli  I 

lor  the  use  of  Medical  Students.     Willi  four  hundred  and  thirty-four  illustrations,     in  one  hand- 

aoaae  octavo  vol ome,  of  over  600  pages.    (IVess  Ready.)    93  '(■'>. 

The  rapid  advances  made  of  late  years  in  our  knowledge  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  ihe 
elements  which  constitute  the  human  body,  have  rendered  the  subject  of  Histology  of  ihe  highest 
importance  to  all  who  regard  medicine  as  a  science.    At  the  same  time,  the  vasl  body  ol  facts 
covered  by  Physiology  has  caused  our  text-books  on  that  subject  to  be  necessarily  restricted  in 
their  treatment  of  the  portions  devoted  to  Histology.     A  want  has,  therefore,  arisen  of  a  work  de- 
voted especially  to  the  minute  anatomy  of  the  body,  giving  B  complete  and  detailed  account  of  tin- 
structure  of  the  various  tis>ues.  as  well  as  the  solids  and  fluids,  in   all   the  dilierent  organs — their 
functions  in  health,  and  their  changes  in  disease.     In  undertaking  this  task,  the  author  has  e 
vored  to  present  his  extensive  subject  in  the  manner  most  likely  to  interest  and  benefit  the  plr,  - 
confident  that  in  these  details  will  be  found  the   basis  of  true  medical    science.     The  ve.  \ 
number  of  illustrations  introduced  throughout,  serves  amply  to  elucidate  the  text,  while  the 
graphy  of  the  volume  will  in  every  respect  be  found  of  the  handsomest  description. 

It  embraces  a  library  upon  the  topics  discussed  '  into  a  harmonious  whole.     We  commend  the  work 


within  itself,  and  is  just  what  the  teacher  and  learner 
need.  Another  advantage,  by  no  means  to  i>e  over- 
looked, everything  of  real  value  in  the  wide  range 
which  it  embraces,  is  with  great  -kill  compressed 
into  an  octavo  volume  of  but  little  more  than  six 
hundred  pages.     We  have  not  only  the  whole  sub- 

Btstology.  interesting  in  itself, ably  and  fully 
discussed,  but  what  is  ot  infinitely  greater  interest 
to  the  student,  because  of  greater  practical  value, 
are  its  relations  to  Anatomy.  Physiology,  and  Pa 

.  which  arc  here  fully  and  satisfactorily  set 
forth.  These  great  supporting  branches  of  practical 
medicine  are  thus  linked  together,  and  while  estab- 
lishing and   illustrating  each  other,  are  interwoven 


to   students  and  physicians  generally.  —  Nashville 
Joiim.  of  Mtd.  and  Sunt'  ry.  Dec.  1857. 

It  far  surpasses  our  expectation.  We  never  con- 
ceived the  possibility  of  compressing  so  much  valu- 
able information  into  so  compact  a  form.  We  will 
not  consume  space  with  commendations.  We  re- 
ceive this  contributi  >n  to  physiological  sconce, 
'•  Not  with  vain  thanks,  but  with  acceptance  boun- 
teous." We  have  already  paid  it  the  \ 
compliment  of  making  abundant  use  of  it  in  the 
preparation  of  our  lectures,  and  also  of  recommend- 
arther  perusal  most  cordially  to  our  alumni ; 
a  recommendation  which  we  now  extend  to  our 
readers. — Memphis  Med.  Recorder,  Jan.  I 


PIRRIE  (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen. 

THE    PRINCIPLES   AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY.    Edited  by  John 

Nf.ill,  M.  D.,  Professor  ofSnrgery  in  the  Penna.  Medical  College,  Surgeon  tothe  Pennsylvania 
I  [ospital,  &c.   In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  ol  7b0  pages,  with  316  illustrations. 


arrived.     Prof.  Pirrie,  in  the  work  before  us,  has 
elaborately  discussed  the  principles  of  surgery,  an  I 
a  Bate  and  effectual   practice  predicated  upon   them . 
Perhaps  no  work  upon  this  subject  heretotori 
is  so  full  upon  the  science  of  the  art  of  sun 
X'a.\firille  Journal  of  MedirftU  OMd  Surgery. 
One  of  the  heal  treatises  on  surgery  in  the  English 

language. — Canada  Jff  -'•  Journal. 

Our  impression  ib,  that,  as  a  manual  for  students, 
Pirne'B  is  the  best  work  extant. —  Western  Mtd.  and 


We  know  of  no  other  surgical  work  of  a  reason- 
able size,  wherein  there  is  bo  much  theory  and  prao- 
where  subjects  are  more  soundly  or  clearly 
taught. — 2'Ae  Stethoscope. 

There  is  scarcely  a  disease  of  the  bones  or  soft 
parts,  fracture,  ordislocation,  that  is  not  illustrated 
by  accurate  WOOd-engravingS.  Then,  again,  every 
instrument  employed  by  the  surgeon  is  thus  repre- 
sented.  These  engravings  are  not  only  correct,  but 
really  beautiful,  showing  the  astonishing  degree  of 
perfection  to  which  the  art  of  wood-engraving  ha8  |  Surg.  Journal. 

PARKER   (LANGSTON), 
Surgeon  to  the  Queen's  Hospital,  Birmingham. 

THE  MODERN  TREATMENT  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASES,  BOTH  PRI- 

MARY  AND  SECONDARY;  comprising  the  Treatment  of  Constitutional  and  Confirmed  Syphi- 
lis, by  a  safe  and  successful  method.  With  numerous  Cases,  Formuhe,  arid  Clinical  Observa- 
tions. From  the  Third  and  entirely  rewritten  London  edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume, 
extra  cloth,  of  316  pages.     $175. 


26 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


PARRISH    (EDWARD), 

Lecturer  on  Practical  Pharmacy  and  Materia  Medica  in  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Medicine,  &c. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  PRACTICAL  PHARMACY.     Designed  as  a  Text- 

Book  ior  the  Student,  and  as  a  Guide  for  the  Physician  and  Pharmaceutist.     With  many  For- 
mulae and  Prescriptions.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  550  pages,  with  243 

Illustrations.   $2  75. 


A  careful  examination  of  this  work  enables  us  to 
speak  of  it  in  the  highest  terms,  as  being  the  best 
treatise  on  practical  pharmacy  with  which  we  are 
acquainted,  and  an  invaluable  vade-mecum,  not  only 
to  the  apothecary  and  to  those  practitioners  who  are 
accustomed  to  prepare  their  own  medicines,  but  to 
every  medical  man  and  medical  student.  Through- 
out the  work  are  interspersed  valuable  tables,  useful 
formulas,  and  practical  hints,  and  the  whole  is  illus- 
trated by  a  large  number  of  excellent  wood-engrav- 
ings.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

This  is  altogether  one  of  the  most  useful  books  we 
have  seen.  It  is  just  what  we  have  long  felt  to  be 
needed  by  apothecaries,  students,  and  practitioners 
of  medicine,  most  of  whom  in  this  country  have  to 
put  up  their  own  prescriptions.  It  bears,  upon  every 
page,  the  impress  of  practical  knowledge,  conveyed 
in  a  plain  common  sense  manner,  and  adapted  to  the 
comprehension  of  all  who  may  read  it.  No  detail 
has  been  omitted,  however  trivial  it  may  seem,  al- 
though really  important  to  the  dispenser  of  medicine. 
— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

To  both  the  country  practitioner  and  the  city  apo- 
thecary this  work  of  Mr.  Parrish  is  a  godsend.  A 
careful  study  of  its  contents  will  give  the  young 
graduate  a  familiarity  with  the  value  and  mode  of 
administering  his  prescriptions,  which  will  be  of  as 
much  use  to  his  patient  as  to  himself. —  Va.  Med. 
Journal. 

Mr.  Parrish  has  rendered  a  very  acceptable  service 
to  the  practitioner  and  student,  by  furnishing  this 
book,  which  contains  the  leading'facts  and  principles 
of  the  science  of  Pharmacy,  conveniently  arranged 
for  study,  and  with  special  reference  to  those  features 
of  the  subject  which  possess  an  especial  practical  in- 
terest to  the  physician.  It  furnishes  the  student,  at 
the  commencement  of  his  studies,  with  that  infor- 
mation which  is  of  the  greatest  importance  in  ini- 
tiating him  into  the  domain  of  Chemistry  and  Materia 


Medica;  it  familiarizes  him  with  the  compounding 
of  drugs,  and  supplies  those  minutiae  which  but  few 
practitioners  can  impart.  The  junior  practitioner 
will,  also,  find  this  volume  replete  with  instruction. 
— Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review,  Mar.  1856. 

There  is  no  useful  information  in  the  details  of  the 
apothecary's  or  country  physician's  office  conducted 
according  to  science  that  is  omitted.  The  young 
physician  will  find  it  an  encyclopedia  of  indispensa- 
ble medical  knowledge,  from  the  purchase  of  a  spa- 
tula to  the  compounding  of  the  most  learned  pre- 
scriptions. The  wot  k  is  by  the  ablest  pharmaceutist 
in  the  United  States,  and  must  meet  with  an  im- 
mense sale. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine,  April, 
1856. 

We  are  glad  to  receive  this  excellent  work.  It 
will  supply  a  want  long  felt  by  the  profession,  and 
especially  by  the  student  of  Pharmacy.  A  large 
majority  of  physicians  are  obliged  to  compound 
their  own  medicines,  and  to  them  a  work  of  this 
kind  is  indispensable. — N.  O.  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 

We  cannot  say  but  that  this  volume  is  one  of  the 
most  welcome  and  appropriate  which  has  for  a  long 
time  been  issued  from  the  press.  It  is  a  work  which 
we  doubt  not  will  at  once  secure  an  extensive  cir- 
culation, as  it  is  designed  not  only  for  the  druggist 
and  pharmaceutist,  but  also  for  the  great  body  of 
practitioners  throughout  the  country,  who  not  only 
have  to  prescribe  medicines,  but  in  the  majority  of 
instances  have  to  rely  upon  their  own  resources — 
whatever  these  may  be — not  only  to  compound,  but 
also  to  manufacture  the  remedies  they  are  called 
upon  to  administer.  The  author  has  not  mistaken 
the  idea  in  writing  this  volume,  as  it  is  alike  useful 
and  invaluable  to  those  engaged  in  the  active  pur- 
suits of  the  profession,  and  to  those  preparing  to  en- 
ter upon  the  field  of  professional  labors.— American 
Lancet,  March  24,  1S56. 


RICORD  ( 
A  TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL 

With  copious  Additions,  by  Ph.  Ricord,  M.  D, 
M.  D.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra 
Every  one  will  recognize  the  attractiveness  and 
value  which  this  work  derives  from  thus  presenting 
the  opinion?  of  these  two  masters  side  by  side.  But, 
it  must  be  admiited,  what  has  made  the  fortune  of 
the  book,  is  the  fact  that  it  contains  the  "most  com- 
plete embodiment  of  the  veritable  doctrines  of  the 
Hopital  du  Midi,"  which  has  ever  been  made  public. 
The  doctrinal  ideas  of  M.  Ricord,  ideas  which,  if  not 
universally  adopted,  are  incontestably  dominant,  have 
heretofore  only  been  interpreted  by  more  or  less  skilful 


P.),   M.  D., 

DISEASE.     By  John  Hunter,  F.  R.  S. 

Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Freeman  J.  Bumstead, 
cloth,  of  520  pages,  with  plates.     $3  25. 

secretaries,  sometimes  accredited  and  sometimes  not. 
In  the  notes  to  Hunter,  the  master  substitutes  him- 
self for  his  interpreters,  and  gives  hisoriginal  thoughts 
to  the  world  in  a  lucid  and  perfectly  intelligible  man- 
ner. In  conclusion  we  can  say  that  this  is  incon- 
testably the  best  treatise  on  syphilis  with  which  we 
are  acquainted,  and,  as  we  do  not  often  employ  the 
phrase,  we  may  be  excused  for  expressing  the  hope 
that  it  may  find  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  phy- 
sician.—  Virginia  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASE. 
Translated  by  Thomas  F.  Betton,  M.D.  With 
fifty  large  quarto  colored  plates.  In  one  large 
quarto  volume,  extra  cloth.     $15  00. 


BY   THE  SAME   AUTHOR. 

LETTERS  ON  SYPHILIS,  addressed  to  the  Chief 
Editor  of  the  Union  Medicale.  Translated  by  W. 
P.  Lattimore,  M.  D.  In  one  neat  octavo  vol- 
ume, of  270  pages,  extra  cloth.    $2  00. 


RIGBY    (EDWARD),    M.D., 

Senior  Physician  to  the  General  Lying-in  Hospital,  &c. 

A    SYSTEM    OF    MIDWIFERY.     With  Notes  and  Additional  Illustrations. 
Second  American  Edition.     One  volume  octavo,  extra  cloth,  422  pages.     $2  50. 

by  the  same  author.     {Now  Ready,  1857.) 

ON  THE   CONSTITUTIONAL  TREATMENT  OF  FEMALE  DISEASES. 

In  one  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  250  pages.     $1  00. 

The  aim  of  the  author  has  been  throughout  to  present  sound  practical  views  of  the  important 
subjects  under  consideration  ;  and  without  entering  into  theoretical  disputations  and  disquisitions  to 
embody  the  results  of  his  long  and  extended  experience  in  such  a  condensed  form  as  would  be 
easily  accessible  to  the  practitioner. 


ROYLE'S   MATERIA   MEDICA   AND    THERAPEUTICS;    including  the 

Preparations  of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dublin,  and  of  the  United  States. 
With  many  new  medicines.  Edited  by  Joseph  Carson,  M.  D.  With  ninety-eight  illustrations. 
In  one  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  700  pages.     $3  00. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


87 


RAMSBOTHAM  (FRANCIS   H.),   M.D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE  AND 

SURGERY,  in  reference  to  the  Process  of  Parturition.    A  new  and  enlarged  edition,  thoroughly 
revised  by  the  Author.     With  Additions  by  W.  V.  Skating,  M.  1).     In  one  large  and  handsome 

imperial  octavo  volume,  ol  I  Strongly  hound  in  leather,  with  raised  hands;  with  sixty- 

four  beautiful  Plates,  and  numerous  Wood-cut*  in  the  text,  containing  in  all  nearly  two  hundred 
large  and  beautiful  figures.    {Lately  Issued,  1856.)  SO  00. 

In  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession  to  the  new  edition  of  this  standard  work,  the  publishers 
would  remark  that  no  efforts  have  been  spared  to  secure  tor  it  a  continuance  and  extension  of  the 
remarkable  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  last  London  issue,  which  was  considera- 
bly enlarged,  lias  received  a  further  revision  from  the  author,  especially  tor  this  country.  lt^  pas- 
sage through  the  press  here  ha-  been  supervised  by  Dr.  Keating,  who  has  made  numerous  addi- 
tions with  a  view  of  presenting  more  fully  whatever  was  necessary  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to 
American  modes  of  practice.  In  its  mechanical  execution,  a  like  superiority  over  former  editions 
will  be  found. 

From  Prof.  Hodge,  of  the  University  of  Pa. 
To   the   American  public,  it  is  most  rateable,  from  its  intrinsic  undoubted  excellence,  and  as  being 
the  best  authorized  exponent  of  British  Midwifery.    Its  circulation  will,  I  trust,  be  extensive  throughout 
our  country. 

The  publishers  have  shown  their  appreciation  of  cine  and  Surgery  to  our  library,  and  confidently 
the  merits  of  this  work  and  secured  its  success  by  recommend  it  to' our  readers,  with  the  assurance 
the  truly  elegant  style  in  which  they  have  brought  that  it  will  not  disappoint  their  most  sanguine  ex- 
it out.  excelling  themselves  in  its  production,  espe-    pectutions. —  Western  Lemcst. 

dally  in  its  plates.  It  is  dedicated  to  Prof.  Meigs,  I  It  ifJ  unnecesSarv  to  say  anything  in  regard  to  the 
and  has  the  emphatic  endorsement  otProt.  Hodge,  utlHtv  ,„•  t|ug  ^  It  is  ^ready  appreciated  in  our 
as  the  best  exponent  ot  British  Midwifery.  W  e  country  for  the  value  of  the  matter)  the  clearness  of 
know  oi  BO  text-booi  which  deserves  in  all  respects  its  style  and  the  fuiness  ()f  jts  illustrations.  To  the 
to  be  more  highly  recommenced  to  students,  and  we  phV8jcian>8  iibrarv  it  is  indispensable,  while  to  the 
could  wish  to  see (it  in  the  hamlsot  every  practitioner,  slu\ieiit  as  a  textbook,  from  which  to  extract  the 
for  they  will  hud  it  invaluable  for  relerence.— Med.    Inaterial  for  laying  the  foundation  of  an  education  on 

obstetrical  science,  it  has  no  superior.— Ohio  Med. 


Gazette. 

But  once  in  a  long  time  some  brilliant  genius  rears 
his  head  above  the  horizon  of  science,  and  illumi- 
nates and  puriGes  every  department  that  he  investi- 
gates ;  and  his  works  become  types,  by  which  innu- 
merable imitators  model  their  feeble  productions. 
Such  a  genius  we  find  in  the  younger  Ramsbotham, 
and  such  a  type  we  find  in  the  work  now  before  us. 
The  binding,  paper,  type,  the  engravings  and  wood- 


and  Surg.  Journal. 

We  will  only  add  that  the  student  will  learn  from 
it  all  he  need  to  know,  and  the  practitioner  will  find 
it,  as  a  book  of  reference,  surpassed  by  none  other. — 
Stethoscope. 

The  character  and  merits  of  Dr.  Ramsbotham's 
work  are  so  well  known  and  thoroughly  established, 


cuts  are  all  so  excellent  ;is  to  n;ake  this  book  one  of  that  comment  is  unnecessary  and  praise  superlluous. 

the  finest  specimens  of  the  art  of  printing  that  have  The  illustrations,  which  are  numerous  and  accurate, 

given  such   a  world-wide   reputation   to  its   enter-  are  executed  in  the  highest  style  of  art.     We  cannot 

prising  and  liberal  publishers.     We  W<  Icomc  Rams-  too  highly  recommend  the  work  to  our  readers. St. 

botham's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Obstetric  Medi-  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


ROKITANSKY   (CARL),    M.D., 
Curator  of  the  Imperial  Pathological  Museum,  and  Professor  at  the  University  of  Vienna,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.  Four  volumes,  octavo, 
bound  in  two,  extra  cloth,  of  about  1200  pages.  Translated  by  W.  E.  Swai.ne,  Edward  Sieve- 
king,  C.  H.  Moore,  and  G.  E.  Day.  (Just  Issued.)  $5  50 
To  render  this  large  and  important  work  more  easy  ol  reference,  and  at  the  same  time  less  cum- 
brous and  costly,  the  four  volumes  have  been  arranged  in  two,  retaining,  however,  the  separate 
paging.  Arc. 

The  publishers  feel  much  pleasure  in  presenting  to  the  profession  of  the  United  States  the  great 
work  of  Prof.  Rokitansky,  which  is  universally  relerred  to  as  the  standard  of  authority  by  the  pa- 
thologists of  all  nations.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  Sydenham  Society  of  London,  the  combined 
labor  of  four  translators  has  at  length  overcome  the  almost  insuperable  difficulties  which  have  so 
long  prevented  the  appearance  of  the  work  in  an  Engli>h  dress.  To  a  work  so  wideiv  known, 
eulogy  is  unnecessary,  and  the  publishers  would  merely  state  that  it  is  said  to  contain  the  results 
of  not  less  than  thirty  thoisand  post-mortem  examinations  made  by  the  author,  diligently  com- 
pared, generalized,  and  wrought  into  one  complete  and  harmonious  system. 

The  profession  is  too  well  acquainted  with  the  re-  |  so  charged  his  text  with  valuable  truths,  that  any 


putation  of  Rokitansky's  work  to  need  our  assur- 
ance that  this  is  one  of  the  most  profound,  thorough, 
and  valuable  books  ever  issued  from  the  medical 
press.  It  is  sui  generis,  and  has  no  standard  of  com- 
parison. It  is  only  nece.-sary  to  announce  that  it  is 
issued  in  a  form  aB  cheap  as  is  compatible  with  its 
size  and  preservation,  and  its  sale  follows  as  a 
matter  of  course.  No  library  can  be  called  com- 
plete without  it. — Buffalo  Med.  Journal. 

An  attempt  to  give  our  readers  any  adequate  idea 
of  the  vast  amount  of  instruction  accumulated  in 
these  volumes,  would  be  feeble  and  hopeless.  The 
effort  of  the  distinguished  author  to  concentrate 
in  a  small  space  his  great  fund  of  knowledge,  has 


attempt  o{  a  reviewer  to  epitomize  is  at  once  para- 
lyzed, and  must  end  in  a  failure. — Western  Lancet. 

As  this  is  the  highest  source  of  knowledge  upon 
the  important  subject  of  which  it  treats,  no  real 
student  can  afford  to  be  without  it.  The  American 
publishers  have  entitled  themselves  to  the  thanks  of 
the  profession  of  their  country,  for  this  timeous  and 
beautiful  edition.— Nashville  Journal  of  M- 

As  a  book  of  reference,  therefore,  this  work  must 
prove  of  inestimable  value,  and  we  cannot  too  highly 
recommend  it  to  the  profession.— Charleston  Med. 
Journal  and  Review,  Jan.  1856. 

This  book  is  a  necessity  to  every  practitioner.— 
Am.  Med.  Monthly. 


SCHOEDLER  (FRIEDRICH),   PH.D., 

Professor  of  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Worms,  Sec. 

THE   BOOK  OF   NATURE;   an  Elementary  Introduction  to  the  Sciences  of 

Physics,  Astronomy,  Chemi>try,  Mineralogy,  Geology,  Botany,  Zoology,  and  Physiology.  First 
American  edition,  with  a  Glossary  and  other  Additions  and  Improvements;  from  the  second 
English  edition.  Translated  from  the  sixth  German  edition,  by  Henry  Medlock,  F.  C.  S.,  &c. 
In  one  volume,  email  octavo,  extra  cloth,  pp.  692,  with  679  illustrations.     $1  80. 


28 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


SMITH    (HENRY    H.),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  &c. 

MINOR  SURGERY;   or,  Hints  on  the  E very-day  Duties  of  the  Surgeon.     Illus- 
trated by  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  illustrations.     Third  and  enlarged  edition.     In  one  hand- 
some royal  12mo.  volume,     pp.  456.     In  leather,  §2  25;  extra  cloth,  $2  00. 
And  a  capital  little  book  it  is.  .   .  Minor  Surgery,  |      A  work  such  as  the  present  is  therefore  highly 

we  repeat,  is  really  Major  Surgery,  and  anything  !  useful   to   the   student,  and  we  commend    this  one 


which  teaches  it  is  worth  having.  So  we  cordially 
recommend  this  little  book  of  Dr.  Smith's.— Med. - 
Chir.  Review. 

This  beautiful  little  work  has  been  compiled  with 
a  view  to  the  wants  of  the  profession  in  the  matter 


to   their  attention. — American  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences. 

No  operator,  however  eminent,  need  hesitate  to 
consult  this  unpretending  yet  excellent  hook.  Those 
who  are  young  in  the  business  would  find  Dr.  Smith's 


of  bandaging,  &c.,and  well  and  ably  has  the  author  !  treatise  a  necessary  companion,  after  once  under- 


perfonned  his  labors.  Well  adapted  to  give  the 
requisite  information  on  the  subjects  of  which  it 
treats. — Medical  Examiner. 

The  directions  are  plain,  and  illustrated  through- 
out with  clear  engravings. — London  Lancet. 

One  of  the  best  works  they  can  consult  on  the 
subject  of  which   it   treats. — Southern  Journal  of   works 


standing  its  true  character. 
Journal. 


-Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 


No  young  practitioner  should  be  without  this  little 

volume;  and  we  venture  to  assert,  that  it  maybe 

consulted  by  the  senior  members  of  the  profession 

with  more  real  benefit,  than  the  more  voluminous 

Western  Lancet. 


Medicine  and  Pharmacy. 


BY   THE   SAME    AUTHOR,    AND 


HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),   M.D., 
Late  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

AN  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS,  illustrative  of  the  Structure  of  the  Human  Body. 

In  one  volume,  large  imperial  octavo,  extra  cloth,  with  about  six  hundred  and  fifty  beautiful 

figures.     S3  00. 

These  figures  are  well  selected,  and  present  a  .  late  the  student  upon  the  completion  of  thisAtlaB, 
complete  and  accurate  representation  of  that  won-  as  it  is  the  most  convenient  work  of  the  kind  that 
derful  fabric,  the  human  body.  The  plan  of  this  has  yet  appeared  ;  and  we  must  add,  the  very  beau- 
Atlas,  which  renders  it  so  peculiarly  convenient  tiful  manner  in  which  it  is  ;'  got  up"  is  so  creditable 
for  the  student,  and  its  superb  ariistical  execution,  to  the  country  as  to  be  flattering  to  our  national 
have  been  already  pointed  out.     We  must  congratu-  |  pride. — American  Medical  Journal. 


SARGENT  (F.  W.),   M.  D. 
ON  BANDAGING  AND  OTHER  OPERATIONS  OF  MINOR  SURGERY. 

Second  edition,  enlarged.     One  handsome  royal  12mo.  vol.,  of  nearly  400  pages,  with  1S2  wood- 
cuts.    Extra  cloth,  $1  40;  leather,  SI  50. 

This  very  useful  little  work  has  long  been  a  favor-  |  ously  illustrated  by  the  enterprising  publishers,  and 
ite  with  practitioners  and  students.  The  recent  call  \  should  be  possessed  bv  all  who  desire  to  be  thorough- 
for  a  new  edition  has  induced  its  author  to  make  ly  conversant  with  the  details  of  this  branch  of  our 
numerous  important  additions.  A  slight  alteration  i  art. — Charleston  Med.  Journ.  and  Review,  March, 
in  the  size  of  the  page  has  enabled  him  to  introduce  j  ltoG. 

the  new  matter,  to  the  extent  of  some  fifty  pages  of  j      A  work  that  has  beeI1  s0  iong.  and  fav0rably  known 

to  the  profession  as  Dr.  Sargent's  Minor  Surgery, 
needs  no  commendation  from  us.   We  would  remark, 


the  former  edition,  at  the  same  time  that  his  volume 
is  rendered  still  more  compact  than  its  less  compre- 
hensive predecessor.  A  double  gain  in  thus  effected, 
which,  in  a  vade-mecum  cf  this  kind,  is  a  material 
improvement. — Am.  Medical  Journal. 

Sargent's  Minor  Surgery  has  always  been  popular, 
and  deservedly  so.  It  furnishes  that  knowledge  of  tne 


however,  in  this  connection,  that  minor  surgery  sel 
dom  gets  that  attention  in  our  schools  that  its  im- 
portance deserves.     Our  larger  works  are  also  very 
defective  in  their  teaching  on  these  small  practical 
points.     This  little  book  will  supply  the  void  which 

West- 


moat  frequently  requisite  performances  of  surgical    a11  n;ust  feel  who  have  not  studied  its  pages, 
art  which  cannot  be  entirely  understood  by  attend-  |  ern  Lancet,  March,  ISob. 

ing  clinical  lectures.  The  art  of  bandaging,  which  |  We  confess  our  indebtedness  to  this  little  volume 
is  regularly  taught  in  Europe,  is  very  frequently  on  many  occasions,  and  can  warmly  recommend  it 
overlooked' by  teachers  in  this  country;  the  student  to  our  readers,  as  it  is  not  above  the  consideration 
and  junior  practitioner,  therefore,  may  often  require  I  of  the  oldest  and  most  experienced. — American  Lan- 
that  knowledge  which  this  little  volume  so  tersely  |  cet,  March,  1656. 
and  happily  supplies.     It  is  neatly  printed  and  copi- 


SKEY'S  OPERATIVE  SURGERY.  In  one  very 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  650 
pages,  with  about  one  hundred  wood-cuts.  S3  25. 

STANLEY'S  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF 
THE  BOXES.  In  one  volume,  octavo,  extra  cloth, 
286  pages.    SI  50. 

SOLLY  ON  THE  HUMAN  BRAIN;  its  Structure, 
Physiology,  and  Diseases.    From  the  Second  and 


much  enlarged  London  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages,  with  120  wood- 
cuts.   S2  00. 

SIMON'S  GENERAL  PATHOLOGY,  as  conduc- 
ive to  the  Establishment  of  Rational  Principles 
for  the  prevention  and  Cure  of  Disease.  In  one 
neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  212  pages. 
SI  25. 


STILLE  (ALFRED),   M.  D. 

PRINCIPLES    OF    GENERAL    AND    SPECIAL    THERAPEUTICS      In 

handsome  octavo.     {Preparing.) 


SI 


BSON    (FRANCIS),    M.  D., 

Physician  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  ANATOMY.     Illustrating  the  Form,  Structure,  and  Position  of  the 

Internal  Organs  in  Health  and  Disease.     In  large  imperial  quarto,  with  splendid  colored  plates. 
To  match.  "Maclise's  Surgical  Anatomy."    Parti.     (Preparing.) 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  29 

SHARPEY  (WILLIAM),    M.D.,    JONES    QUAIN,    M.D.,   AND 
RICHARD    QUAIN,    F.  R.  S.,  &c. 

HUMAN  ANATOMY.  Revised,  with  Notes  tad  Additions,  by  JosKPH  Leidy, 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Complete  in  two  large  octavo 
volumes,  leather,  of  about  thirteen  hundred  pages.  Beautifuil]  illustrated  with  over  five  hundred 
engravings  on  wood.    $6  00. 

It  is  indeed  h  work  calculated  to  make  an  era  in  he  will  find  here  a  work  at  once  so  comprehensive 

anatomical  study,   I                    before   the  student  and  practical  as  to  defend  him  from  exclna 

ever/  department  of  hia  leience,  with  a  view   to  on   the  one  hand,  and    pedantry  on    the  other. — 

the   relative  importance  of  each]    and  so  skilfully  Journal   mil    Httrospttt  vt  m?   Medi 

have  the  different  parts  been  interwoven,  that  ao  We  have  no  hesitation  in  reeomnending  tins  tree- 

one  who  makes  this  work  the  basis  ot  his  studies,  tlge  ,,„  ;lli;it,,mv  iih  tlle  most  complete  on  that  sub- 
will  hereaiter  have  any  excuse  tor  neglecting  or  J(.(.L  ,„  th(.  Bnglj.h  language;  and  the  onlv  one. 
undervaluing    any  important   particulars  connected     lu.r|);l,)s<    ,„  uy   language,  which   brwi-s  the    state 

with    the    structure   of    the    human    iramc;    and    ,,,-  knowledge  forward  to  the  most   recenl 
Whether  the  biai  ot    his  mind   lead  him    in  a  more     veiies.— TA«  Edinburgh.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 
Lai  maimer  to  surgery,  physic,  or  physiob 


SMITH   (W.    TYLER),   M.D., 

Physician  Accoucheur  to  St.  .Mary's  Hospital,  Jcc. 

ON   PARTURITION,    AM)    THE    PRINCIPLES    AM)    PRACTICE    OF 

OBSTETRICS.     In  one  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  400  pages.     SI  25. 

BY  THK  BAMB  AfTHOK. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  OX  Till:  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT 

OF  LEUCORRHCEA.     With  numerous  illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume, 
extra  cloth,  of  about  2  |J   50. 

We  hail  the  appearance  of  this  practical  and  invaluable  work,  therefore,  as  a  real   acquisition  to  our 
medical  literature.— Mt dical  Gazette. 


TAYLOR  (ALFRED  6.),   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Chemistry  in  Guy's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE.     Fourth  American,  from  the  fit'rli  improved  and 

»b    Edition.      With  Notes  and  References   to  American   Decisions,  by  Euwakd 
HABTBHORNK,  M.  D.     In  one  large  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  over  seven  hundred  pages.     (Just 

■  ■.  1856.)  13  no. 
This  standard  work  has  lately  received  a  very  thorough  revision  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  who 
ha-  introduced  whatever  wa>  necessary  to  render  it  complete  and  satisfactory  in  carrying  out  the 
objects  in  view.  Tne  editor  has  likewise  u>ed  every  exertion  to  make  it  equally  thorough  with 
to  all  matters  relating  to  the  practice  of  this  country.  In  doing  this,  he  has  carefully  ex- 
amined all  that  has  appeared  on  the  subject  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition,  and  has  incorpo- 
rated all  the  new  information  thus  pre-ented.  The  work  has  thus  been  considerably  increased  in 
size,  notwithstanding  which,  it  has  been  kept  at  its  former  very  moderate  price,  and  in  every  respect 
it  will  be  found  worthy  of  a  continuance  of  the  remarkable  favor  which  has  carried  it  through  BO 
many  editions  on  bothsides  of  the  Atlantic.     A  few  notices  of  the  former  editions  are  appended. 

We  kii<>w  of  no  work   on  Medical  Jurisprudence     we  do  not  hesitate  to  affirm   that  after  having  once 

wliich  contains  in  the  same  space  anything  like  the  I  commenced  its  perusal,  few  could  be  prevailed  upon 

mount  Of  Valuable  matter. — N.  Y.  Journal  of    to  desist  before  completing  it.     In  the  last   Lond< 


edition,  all  the  newly  observed  and  accurately  re- 
corded facts  have  been  inserted,  including  much  that 
is  recent  of  Chemical,  Microscopical,  and  radiolo- 
gical research,  besides  papers  on  numerous  subjects 
never  before  published.-C'AaWeMcm  Medical  Journal 
and  Review. 

It  is  not  excess  of  praise  to  say  that  the  volume 


in* 

>rk  upon  the  subject  can  be  put  into  the 
munis  of  students  either  of  law  or  medicine  wliich 
will  engage  them  more  closely  or  profitably;  and 
none  could  be  offered  to  the  busy  practitioner  of 
either  calling,  for  the  purpose  of  casual  or  hasty 
reference,  that  would  be  more  likely  to  afford  the  aid 

therefore  recommend  it ai  the  best  and  before  «ris  the  verV  best"  treatiaeextban'l  ^Medical 

nanual  tor  daily  use.— American  Journal  oj  Junsi)rudenee.     In  saying  this,  we  do  not  wish   to 

Medical  Sciences.  De  understood  as  detracting  from  the  merits  of  the 

This  work  of  Dr.  Taylor's  is  generally  acknow-  excellent  works   of  Beck,  Ryan,  Traill,  Guy,  and 

to  be  one  of  the  ablest  extant  on  the  subject  others;  but   in  interest  and  value  we  think   it  must 

of  medical  jurisprudence.     It  is  certainly  one  of  the  be  conceded  that  Taylor  is  superior  to  anything  that 

most  attractive  books  that  we  have  met  with  ;   sup-  has  preceded  it. — A'.  W.  Medical  and  Surg.  Journal . 
plying  so  much  both  to  interest  and  instruct,  that 

BY    THE    SAME    AUTHOR. 

ON  POISONS,  IN  RELATION  TO   MEDICAL   JURISPRUDENCE   AND 
MEDICINE.    Edited,  with  Note*  and  Additions,  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.    In  one  large  octavo 

volume,  leather,  of  688  pages.     $3  00 

TANNER    (T.    H.),    M .  D., 

Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Women,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  CLINICAL   MEDICINE  AND  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

To  which   is  added  The  Code  of  Ethics   of  the   American    .Medical   Association.     Second 

American  Edil In  one  neat  volume,  small  12mo.     Price  in  extra  cloth,  S7^  cents  ;  flexible 

style,  lor  the  pocket,  80  cent-. 

The  work  is  an  honor  to  its  writer,  and  must  00-  I  homely  but  expressive  word,  '•  handy."  The  style 
tain  a  wide  circulation  by  ita  intrinsic  merit  alone,  is  admirably  clear,  while  it  is  .so  sententious  as  not 
Suited  alike  to  the  wants  of  students  and  practi-  )  to  burden  the  memory.  The  arrangemenl  is.  to  our 
tioners.it  has  only  to  be  seen,  to  win  lor  itself  a  mind,  unexceptionable.  The  work,  in  short,  de- 
place  upon  the  shelves  of  every  medical  library.  I  serves  the  heartiest  commendation.— Boston  Mid. 
Nor  will  it  be  "  shelved"  long  at  u  time;  if  we  mis-  I  and  Surg.  Journal. 
take  not.  it  will  be  found,  in  the  btBt  sense  of  the 


30 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


Now  Complete  (April,  1857.) 
TODD  (ROBERT  BENTLEY),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Physiology  in  King's  College,  London;  and 
WILLIAM   BOWMAN,  F.  R.  S., 

Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London. 

THE  PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY  AND  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  MAN.    With 

about  three  hundred  large  and  beautiful  illustrations  on  wood.     Complete  in  one  large  octavo 

volume,  of  950  pages,  leather.     Price  $4  50. 

The  very  great  delay  which  has  occurred  in  the  completion  of  this  work  has  arisen  from  the  de- 
sire of  the  authors  to  verify  by  their  own  examination  the  various  questions  and  statements  pre- 
sented, thus  rendering  the  work  one  of  peculiar  value  and  authority.  By  the  wideness  of  its  scope 
and  the  accuracy  of  its  facts  it  thus  occupies  a  position  of  its  own,  and  becomes  necessary  to  all 
physiological  students. 

&3F°  Gentlemen  who  have  received  portions  of  this  work,  as  published  in  the  "  Medical  News 
and  Library,"  can  now  complete  their  copies,  if  immediate  application  be  made.  It  will  be  fur- 
nished as  follows,  free  by  mail,  in  paper  covers,  with  cloth  backs. 

Parts  I.,  II.,  III.  (pp.  25  to  552),  $2  50. 

Part  IV.  (pp.  553  to  end,  with  Title,  Preface,  Contents,  &c),  $2  00. 

Or,  Part  IV.,  Section  II.  (pp.  725  to  end,  with  Title,  Preface,  Contents,  &c),  $1  25. 

A  magnificent  contribution  to  British  medicine,  |  One  of  the  very  best  books  ever  issued  from  any 
and  the  American  physician  who  shall  fail  to  peruse    medical  press.     We  think  it  indispensable  to  every 

reading  medical  man,  and  it  may,  with  all  propriety 


it,  wili  have  failed  to  read  one  of  the  most  instruc- 
tive books  of  the  nineteenth  century. — If,  O.  Med 
and  Surg.  Journal,  Sept.  1657. 

It  is  more  concise  than  Carpenter's  Principles,  and 
more  modern  than  the  accessible  edition  of  .Muller's 
Elements;  its  details  are  brief,  but  sumcieit;  itfc 
descriptions  vivid  ;  its  illustrations  exact  and  copi- 
ous :  and  its  language  terse  and  perspicuous. — 
Charleston  Med.  Journal,  July,  1857. 

We  recommend  this  work  not  only  for  its  many 
origiral  investigations  especially  into  the  minute 
anatomy  and  physiology  of  man,  but  we  admire  the 
constant  association  of  anatomy  with  physkdogy. 
The  motive  power  is  studied  in  its  connections  and 
adaptations  to  the  machine  it  is  destined  to  guide, 
and  the  student  feels  constantly  impressed  with  the 
necessity  for  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  structure 
of  the  human  body  before  he  can  make  himself  mas- 
ter of  its  functions. —  Va.  Med.  Journal,  June,  1857. 


and  with  the  utmost  advantage  be  mace  a  text-book 
by  any  student  who  would  thoroughly  comprehend 
the  groundwork  of  medicine. — N.  O.  Med.  News, 
June,  1857. 

Our  notice,  though  it  conveys  but  a  very  feeble 
and  imperfect  idea  of  the  magnitude  and  importance 
of  the  work  now  under  consideration,  already  tran- 
scends our  limits  ;  and,  with  the  indu'g<nce  of  our 
readers,  and  the  hope  that  they  will  peruse  the  book 
for  themselves,  as  we  feel  we  can  with  confidence 
recommend  it,  we  leave  it  in  their  hands  for  them 
to  judge  of  its  merits. — The  Northwestern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal,  Oct.  1857. 

It  has  been  a  far  more  pleasant  task  to  us  to  point 
out  its  features  of  remarkable  excellence,  and  to 
show  in  how  many  particulars  the  results  which  it 
embodies  of  skilful  and  zealous  research  do  the 
highest  credit  to  its  able  and  accomplished  authors. 


We  know  of  nc  work  on  the  subject  of  physiology  It  would  be  a  serious  omission  were  we  not  to  take 
so  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  medical  student.  |  special  notice  of  the  admirable  and  copious  illustra- 
Its  completion  has  been  thus  long  delayed,  that  the  tions.  the  execution  of  which  (by  Mr.  Vasey)  is  in 
authors  might  secure  accuracy  by  personal  observa-  the  very  finest  style  of  wood-engraving. — Brit .  and 
tion. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Sept.  '57.     For.  Medico-Chir.  Re-vime,  Jan'lSoS. 


TODD  (R.    B.),   M.  D.,    F.  R.  S.,   &c. 
CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  CERTAIN  DISEASES   OF  THE  URINARY 

ORGANS  AND  ON  DROPSIES.     In  one  octavo  volume.    (Now  Ready,  1857.)     SI  50 
The  valuable  practical  nature  of  Dr.  Todd's  writings  have  deservedly  rendered  them  favorites 
with  the  pro  ession,  and  the  present  volume,  embodying  the  medical  aspects  of  a  class  of  diseases 
not  elsewhere  to  be  found  similarly  treated,  can  hardly  fail  to  supply  a  want  long  felt  by  the  prac- 
titioner 


WATSON   (THOMAS),    M.D.,    &c. 
LECTURES    ON    THE    PRINCIPLES    AND    PRACTICE    OF   PHYSIC. 

Third  American  edition,  revised,  with  Additions,  by  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.D.,  author  of  a 

"  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.     In  one  octavo  volume,  of  nearly  eleven  hundred 

large  pages,  strongly  bound  with  raised  bands.    $3  25. 

To  say  that  it  is  the  very  best  work  on  the  sub-  |  Confessedly  one  of  the  very  best  works  on  the 
ject  now  extant,  is  but  to  echo  the  sentiment  of  the  principles  and  practice  of  physic  in  the  English  or 
medical    press    throughout    the    country.  —  N.    O.  I  any  other  language. — Med.  Examiner. 


Medical  Journal. 

Of  the  text-books  recently  republished  Watson  is 
very  justly  the  principal  favorite. — Holmes's  Rep.  \ 
to  Nat.  Med.  Assoc. 

By  universal  consent  the  work  ranks  among  the 
very  best  text-books  in  our  language. — Illinois  and 
Indiana  Med.  Journal. 

Regarded  on  all  hands  as  one  of  the  very  best,  if 
not  the  very  best,  systematic  treatise  on  practical 
medicine  extant. — St.  Louis  Med.  Journal. 


Asa  text-book  it  has  no  equal ;  as  a  compendium 
of  pathology  and  practice  no  superior. — New  York 
Annalist. 

We  know  of  no  work  better  calculated  for  being 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  student,  and  for  a  text- 
book; on  every  important  point  the  author  seems 
to  have  posted  up  his  knowledge  to  the  day. — 
Amer.  Med.  Journal. 

One  of  the  most  practically  useful  books  that 
ever  was  presented  to  the  student.  —  N.  Y.  Med. 
Journal. 


WHAT   TO   OBSERVE 
AT    THE    BEDSIDE    AND    AFTER   DEATH,    IN    MEDICAL    CASES. 

Published  under  the  authority  of  the  London  Society  for  Medical  Observation.  A  new  American, 
from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.  In  one  very  handsome  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra 
cloth.     SI  00. 


To  the  observer  who  prefers  accuracy  to  blunders 
and  precision  to  carelessness,  this  little  book  i8  in- 
valuable.— N.  H.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


One  of  the  finest  aids  to  a  young  practitioner  we 
have  ever  seen. — Peninsular  Journal  of  Medicitu. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS  31 

_ — — ^r — 

WILSON    (ERASMUS),   M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 
Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  London. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  HUMAN  ANATOMY.  General  and  Special.     Fourth  Ameri- 
can, from  the  last  English  edition.     Edited  by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  A.  M.,  M.  D.     With  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  illustrations.     Beautifully  printed,  in  one  large  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  nearly 
six  hundred  pages.     $3  00. 
In  many,  if  not  all  the  Colleges  of  the  Union,  it  i      It  offers  to  the  student  all  the  assistance  thut  can 

has  become   a  standard  text-hook.      This,  of  itself,     be  expected  from  such  a  work.— MtdUui  K.rmniner. 

is  sufficiently  expressive  of  its  value.     A  work  v<i  y         <phe  most  complete  and  eonvenirnt  manual  for  the 

desirable    to   the   student;    one,   the    possession   ot     Btll(lcnt  we  possess.— American  Journal  of  M 

which    will   greatly    facilitate    his   progress  in  the     ScitUtt 

study  of  Practical  Anatomy.-.Ye.c  Yor)c  Journal  of        ^   ^^    fm^%     ^   waffc   rh   ^   anat()mical 

Mtdictne.  puide  for  the  student  and    practitioner,  merits   our 

Its  author  ranks  with  the  highest  on  Anatomy. —    wannest  and  most  decided  praise.— London  Medical 

Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  (•  izetle. 

BY    THE   SAME    AUTHOR.      {Just  Issue!.) 

THE    DISSECTOR'S  MANUAL;  or,  Practical  and  Surgical  Anatomy.     Third 

American,   from   the  last  revised  and  enlarged    English  edition.     Modified  and  rearranged,  by 
William  Hint.  At.  D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  t  lie  University  ol  Pennsylvania.    In  one 

large  and  hand>onie  royal  L2mo.  volume,  leather,  of  962  pages,  with  Ml  illustrations.     |2  00. 

The  modifications  and  additions  which  this  work  has  received  in  passing  recently  through  the 
author's  hands,  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  the  fact  that  it  is  enlarged  by  more  than  one  hundred 
pages,  notwithstanding  that  i't  is  printed  in  smaller  type,  and  with  agreatl]  enlarged  page. 

It  remains  only  to  add,  that  after  a  careful  exami-  I  ins?  very  superior  claims,  well  calculated  to  facilitate 
nation,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  |  their  studies,  and  render  tueir  labor  less  irksome,  by 
work  to  the  notice  of  those  for  whom  it  has  been  constantly  keeping  before  them  definite  objects  of 
expressly  written — the  students— a6  a  guide  possess-  |  interest. — The  Lancet. 

by  the  same  author.     {Now  Ready,  May,  1S57.) 

ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  SKIN.     Fourth  and  enlarged  American,  from  the  last 

and  improved  London  edition.     In  one  large  octavo  volume,  of  G50  pages,  extra  cloth,  - 
This  volume  in  passing  for  the  fourth  time  through  the  hands  of  the  author,  has  received  a  care- 
ful revision,  and  has  been  greatly  enlarged  and  improved.     About  one  hundred  and  fifty  pages  have 
been  added,  including  new  chapters  on  Classification,  on  General  Pathology,  on  General  Thera- 
peutics, on  Furuncular  Eruptions,  and  on  Diseases  of  the  Nails,  besides  extensive  additions  through- 
out the  text,  wherever  they  have  seemed  desirable,  cither  from  former  omissions  or  from  the  pro* 
:  science  and  the  increased  experience  of  the  author.     Appended  to  the  volume  will  also 
•  found  a  collection  of  Selected  Formulae,  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  prescriptions  of 
which  the  author  has  tested  the  value. 

The  writings  of  Wilson,  upon  diseases  of  the  skin,  a  place  in  this  volume,  which,  without  n  doubt,  will, 
are  by  fir  the  most  scientific  and  practical  that!  for  a  very  long  period,  be  acknowledged  as  the  ehi>  ' 
have  ever  been  presented  to  the  medical  world  on     standard  work  on  dermatology.     The  principles  of 


an  enlightened  and  rational  therapeia  are  introduced 
on  every  nppropriate  occasion.  The  general  prac- 
titioner and  surgeon  who,  peradventure,  may  have 
for  years  regarded  cutamous  maladies  as  scarcely 
worthy  their  attention,  because,  forsooth,  they  are 
not  fatal  in  their  tendency;  or  who,  if  they  "ha  vc 
attempted  their  cure,  have  followed  the  blind  «uid- 
ance  of  empiricism,  will  almost  assuredly  be  roused 
to  a  new  and  becoming  interest  in  this  department 
of  practice,  through  the  inspiring  agency  0f  tins 
book. — Am.  Jour.  Med.  Science,  Oct.  I85"! . 


this  subject.  The  present  edition  isa  great  improve- 
ment on  all  irs  predecessors.  To  dwell  upon  all  the 
great  merits  and  high  claims  of  the  work  before  us. 
seriatim,  would  indeed  be  an  agreeable  service;  it 
would  be  a  mental  homage  which  we  could  freely 
offer,  but  we  should  thus  occupy  an  undue  amount 
ot  space  in  this  Journal.  We  will,  however  look 
at  some  of  the  more  salient  points  with  which  it 
abounds,  and  which  make  ii  incomparably  superior  in 
excellence  to  all  other  treatises  on  the  suoject  of  der- 
matology.    No  mere  speculative  views  are  allowed 

ALSO,  JUST  READY, 

A  SERIES  OF  PLATES  ILLUSTRATING  WILSON  ON  DISEASES   OF 

Till-;  SKilj  ;  consisting  of  nineteen  beautifully  executed  plates,  of  which  twelve  are  exquisitely 
colored,  presenting  the  Normal  Anatomy  and  Pathology  of  the  Skin,  and  containing  accurate  re- 
presentations of  about  one  hundred  varieties  of  disease,  most  of  them  the  size  of  nature.  Price 
in  cloth  $4  25. 

In  beauty  of  drawing  and  accuracy  and  finish  of  coloring  these  plates  will  be  found  superior  to 
anything  of  the  kind  as  yet  issued  in*  this  country. 

The  plates  by  which  this  edition  is  accompanied    The  representations  of  the  various  forms  of  cutane- 

leave  nothing  to  be  desired,  so  far  as  excellence  of    ous  disease  are  singularly  accurate,  and  the  coloring 

delineation  and  perfect  accuracy  of  illustration  are    exceeds  almost  anything  we  have  met  with  in  point 

concerned. — Meaico-Chirur^iml  11.  view.  of  delicacy  and  finish. — British  and  Foreign  Medical 

Of  these  plates  it  is  impossible  to  speak  too  highly.  |  «*<>**ia. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON    CONSTITUTIONAL    AND    HEREDITARY    SYPHILIS,   AND    ON 

SYPHILITIC  ERUPTIONS.     In  one  small  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  beautifully  printed,  with 
four  exquisite  colored  plates,  presenting  more  than  thirty  varieties  of  syphilitic  eruptions.  $2  25. 
BY  the  same  author.     {Just  Issued.) 

HEALTHY  SKIN;  A  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Skin  and  Hair,  their  Preserva- 
tion and  Management.  Second  American,  from  the  fourth  London  edition.  One  neat  volume, 
royal  12mo.r  extra  cloth,  of  about  300  pages,  with  numerous  illustrations.  $1  00;  paper  cover, 
75  cents. 

WILDE    (W.    FU, 

Surgeon  to  St.  Mark's  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Hospital,  Dublin. 

AURAL  SURGERY,  AND  THE  NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  OF  DIS- 
EASES OF  THE  EAR.      In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  476  pages,  with 

illustrations.     S2  80. 


32  BLANCHARD    &    LEAS    MEDICAL    PUBLICATIONS. 


WEST   (CHARLES),    M.  D., 

Accoucheur  to  and  Lecturer  on  Midwifery  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  Physician  to  the  Hospital  for 

Sick  Children,  &c. 

LECTURES   ON   THE   DISEASES    OF  INFANCY  AND   CHILDHOOD. 

Second  American,  from  the  Second  and  Enlarged  London  edition.      In  one  volume,  octavo, 
extra  cloth,  of  nearly  five  hundred  pages.    $2  00. 

ligation  by  this  able,  thorough,  and  finished  work 


upon  a  subject  winch  aimust  daily  taxes  to  the  ut- 
most the  skill  of  the  general  practitioner.  He  has 
with  singular  felicity  threaded  his  way  through  all 
the  tortuous  labyrinths  of  the  difficult  subjecthe  haB 
undertaken  to  elucidate,  and  nas  in  many  of  the 
darkest  corners  left  a  light,  which  will  never  be 
extinguished. — Nashville  Medical  Journal. 


We  take  leave  of  Dr.  West  with  great  respect  for 
his  attuinruenrs,  a  due  appreciation  of  his  acute 
powers  of  observation,  and  a  deep  sense  of  obliga- 
tion for  this  valuable  contribution  to  our  profes- 
sional literature.  His  book  is  undoubtedly  in  many 
respects  the  best  we  possess  on  diseases  of  children. 
Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

Dr.  West  has  placed  the  profession  under  deep  ob- 

BY    THE   SAME    AUTHOR.       (JllSt  IsSlted.) 

LECTURES  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN.     In  two  parts. 

Part  I.  8vo.  cloth,  of  about  300  pages,  comprising  the  Diseases  of  the  Uterus.     SI  GO. 
Part  II.  (Preparing),  will  contain  Diseases  of  the  Ovaries,  and  of  all  the  parti  connected 

with  the  Uterus  ;  of  the  Bladder,  Vagina,  and  External  Organs. 
The  objoct  of  the  author  in  this  work  is  to  present  a  complete  but  succinct  treatise  on  Female 
Di>ease>.  embodying  the  results  of  his  experience  during  the  last  ten  years  at  St.  Bartholomew's 
and  the  Midwifery  Hospitals,  as  well  as  in  private  practice.  The  characteristics  which  have  se- 
cured to  his  former  works  so  favorable  a  reception,  cannot  fail  to  render  the  present  volume  a 
standard  authority  on  its  important  subject.  To  show  the  general  scope  of  the  work,  an  outline  oi 
the  Contents  of  Part  I.  is  subjoined. 

Lectures  I,  II. — Introductory — Symptom? — Examination  of  Symptoms — Modes  of  Examina- 
tions. Lectures  III.,  IV.,  V — Disorders  of  Menstruation,  Amenorrhoea,  Menorrhagia,  Dys- 
menorrhoea.  Lectures  VI.,  VII,  VIII. — Inflammation  of  the  Uterus,  Hypertrophy,  Acute 
Inflammation,  Chronic  Inflammation,  Ulceration  of  the  Os  Uteri,  Cervical  Leucorrhcea.  Lectures 
IX.,  X.,  XI,  XII,  XIII — Misplacement  of  the  Uterus,  Prolapsus,  Anteversion,  Extrover- 
sion, Inversion.  Lectures  XIV.,  XV.,  XVI,  XVII. — Uterine  Tumors  and  Outgrowths, 
Mucous,  Fibro-celluiar,  and  Glandular  Polypi,  Mucous  Cysts,  Fibrinous  Polypi,  Fibrous  Tumors, 
Fibrous  Polypi,  Fatty  Tumors,  Tubercular  Diseases.  Lectures  XVIIL,XIX.,  XX. — Cancer 
of  the  Uterus. 
Part  II.  will  receive  an  equally  extended  treatment,  rendering  the  whole  an  admirable  text-book 
for  the  student,  and  a  reliable  work  for  reference  by  the  practitioner. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.       (Just  Issued) 

AN  ENQUIRY  INTO  THE  PATHOLOGICAL  IMPORTANCE  OF  ULCER- 
ATION OF  THE  OS  UTERI.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.    $1  00. 


WILLIAMS  (C.   J.   B.),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE.     Ad  Elementary  View  of  the  Causes,  Nature, 

Treatment,  Diagnosis,  and  Prognosis  of  Disease;  with  brief  remarks  on  Hygienics,  or  the  pre- 
servation of  health.  A  new  American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  leather,  of  about  500  pages.     $2  50.     (Now  Ready,  May,  1857.) 

The  very  recent  and  thorough  revision  which  this  work  has  enjoyed  at  the  hands  of  the  author 
has  brought  it  so  completely  up  to  the  present  state  of  the  subject  that  in  reproducing  it  no  iddihons 
have  been  found  necessary.  The  success  which  the  work  has  heretofore  met  shows  that  its  im- 
portance has.  been  appreciated,  and  in  its  present  form  it  will  be  found  eminently  worthy  a  continu- 
ance of  the  same  favor,  possessing  as  it  does  the  strongest  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  medical 
student  and  practitioner,  from  the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  various  inquiries  in  the  diiferent 
branches  of  pathology  are  investigated,  combined  and  generalized  by  an  experienced  practical  phy- 
sician, and  directly  applied  to  the  investigation  and  treatment  of  disease. 

We  find  that  the  deeply-interesting  matter  and 
style  of  this  book  have  so  far  fascinated  us,  that  we 
have  unconsciously  hung  upon  its  pages,  not  too 


long,  indeed,  for  our  own  profit,  but  longer  than  re 
viewers  can  be  permitted  to  indulge.  We  leave  the 
further  analysis  to  the  student  and  practitioner.  Our 
judgment  of  the  work  has  already  been  sufficiently 
expressed.  It  is  a  judgment  of  almost  unqualified 
praise.  The  work  is  not  or  a  controversial,  but  of 
a  didactic  character;  and  as  such  we  hail  it,  and 


recommend  it  for  a  text-book,  guide,  and  constant 
cjmpanion  to  every  practitioner  and  every  student 
who  wishes  to  extricate  himself  from  the  well-worn 
ruts  of  empiricism,  and  to  base  his  practice  of  medi- 
cine upon  principles. — London  Lancet,  Dec.  27, 1856. 

A  text-book  to  which  no  other  in  our  language  is 
comparable. — Charleston  Medical  Journal. 

No  work  has  ever  achieved  or  maintained  a  more 
deserved  reputation. —  Va.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


WHITEHEAD  ON  THE  CAUSE?  AND  TREAT-  I      Second  American  Edition.    In  one  volume,  octa- 
MENT   OF    ABORTION    AND   STERILITY.  |      vo,  extra  cloth,  pp.  3U3.     SI    75. 


YOUATT  (WILLIAM),  V.  S. 
THE    HORSE.     A  new  edition,  with  numerous  illustrations;   together  with  a 

general  history  of  the  Horse ;  a  Dissertation  on  the  American  Trotting  Horse ;  how  Trained  and 
Jockeyed ;  an  Account  of  his  Remarkable  Performances ;  and  an  Essay  on  the  Ass  and  the  Mule. 
By  J.  S.  Skinner,  formerly  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  and  Editor  of  the  Turf  Register. 
One  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $1  50. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

THE   DOG.     Edited  by  E.  J.  Lewis,   M.  D.     With   numerous  and  beautiful 

illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  volume,  crown  Svo.,  crimson  cloth,  gilt.  $1  25. 


YALE  MEDICAL  LIBRARY 

DATE  DUE 

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