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Vv-s^ 







/ .y-.k,:,^. .: tJ,. ■ y„,,j,f ,v-., I- 



H A T N E S ' 



..^'i CYCLOP 

" DICTIONAKT ^-^ 



ov 



BAPTIST BIOGRAPHY, BIBLIOGRAPHY, ANTiaUITIES, 

HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY, THEOLOGY, 

POUTY AND LITERATURE. 



ILLVSTRATID. 

TO WHICH IS ADDED A SUPPLEMENT, CONTAININa: 

AS HISTOBIOAIi OAZSTTEBR, AND ATXAS OF BAPTIST OHUBOHBS, ABS00IATI0N8,- 

UTXBAST. THEOLOOIOAL AND BENEVOLBNT 800IETIES AND IHHTlTUTlONBr- 

JUBSIONAKT 8TATI0N8 AND STATISTiaS, AND OENKBAL MISCKIr 

LANT; ABRANOED ALPHABETIOALLT, AND IN CHABTS 

..AND TABLES, OHBONOLOOICALLT AND QSO- 

ORAPHIOALLT. 






eMBELLISHeD. 



BY THOMAS WILSON HAYNES 



CHARLESTON: 

SAMUEL HART, Sen., 300, KING-STREET. 

lARDOHi JikB Wilvt O. F. PMwa^BOnONi Crnkj * Nkkak^-raiLADKLrHUi JL&UpplB 
Mtt * 0«r-NBW.YOKK ■ atum, illadau * Ca. \ Lnri* Celb]r.-BALTIIIOEE : AnMUMf * 
■«l7.-({CBII0m> ■ IMiikM*MiirTia,-N.OKLBAin! XKStMl**C(k 
1848. 



7.-^H]IOM 



Ekitvwl MOordiDg to Aor or Ca»mam, m ih& YMr laiS, hj 

THOICAS WILSON HAYNES, 

In the (JUa^B Office of the Diitriei Ooort of the Uaitod Bttdm, for the Dirtriet of Soath (krolina. 



J. p. joim AMD oa, aTBuoTTms, ■. hott, nnrrBK, 






% / 



I 



PROGRAMME 



The Cyclopedia Baptistica is strictly original in its plan, unique in 
its character, and ^ in its execution sui generis. This book will not 
only supply a pafpable desideratum, but also fill a wide chasm in 
Baptist Literature. It will not only create a demand for the frequent 
reproduction of itself, but propagate, also, the desire for its perfection, 
and become the progenitor of a numerous family of Denominational 
Cyclopaedias ; being emphatically the pioneer of Cyclopaedias of the 
Denominational class. The Cyclopaedia Baptistica has merits and 
faults peculiar to itself, but shall be adventured to its destiny without 
apology or heraldry. 

The Cyclopaedia Baptistica, proper y comprises in itself, six 
distinct works, which might be respectively entitled — 

I. BioGKAPHiA Baptistica, i j,^^ p^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^1 

II. BiBLIOTHECA BaPTISTICA, > j^ y i j 

III. Lexicon of PiEdobaptism, J ' • «^ 

IV. A Baptist Historical Gazetteer. 
V. A Baptist Chronological Atlas. 

VI. A Compendium of Baptist History and Antiquities. 

The Cyclop-«:dia Baptistica, however, is reduced to FOUR 
General Divisions. 

PART I. contains, under one Alphabet, the Biographia Baptistica, 
the Bibliotheca Baptistica, and the Lexicon of Psedobaptism. 

PART n. contains, under its own separate Alphabet, the Bap- 
tist Historical Gazetteer. 

PART III. contains the Baptist Chronological Atlas. 

PART IV. contains the Electio Compend of Baptist History 
and Antiquities. 

The volume now published is only the pmsr volume of Part I. 

The other matter suggested in the Title-page will be superadded 
independently, in the sequel of the series, under its proper arrange- 
ment and title. 

The elaboration of this work has involved authorship, editorship, 
and oompilership. By design, all notes, references, citations, and 
credits, are incorporated with the text, being an essential part of the 
book, and not the least important characteristic. There is not one 
marginal, or foot-note. The office is reserved to the reader and to the 
author, or future editors, to fill the blanks as addenda. That the 
reader, in referring to this book, may enjoy as much pleasure, without 
the difficulties, atid cankering, toilsome cares, and perplexities, neces- 
sarily realized in making it, is the hope of 

THE AUTHOR. 

NeuhYork, \U Oct. 1849. 



^ 



EXPLANATION OF THE ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 



A word of explanation may be both proper and necessary respect- 
ing the deviation from the common plan of Dictionaries, Encyclope- 
dias, Lexicons, and Cyclopaedias. 

In the Cyclopaedia Baptistica proper^ every Article is found 
under the letter of the Alphabet with which it begins, as — FREY is 
found under F. ; but, instead of being found under Fr, it is placed 
under Fe, because it is more easy and simple to divide each letter of 
the Alphabet into SIX Chapters, corresponding with the vowels, 
a, e, i, o, u, y, than to multiply divisions of each letter by all the 
TWENTY-SIX letters of the Alphabet. Thus the Jirst letter of a name 
indicates the letter under which the article is placed and found. 

After the first letter, consonants are not noticed ; only the vowels^ 
a, e, i, o, u, y ; and whichsoever of the vowels of a name follows the 
first letter, shows the chapter where the article will be found. Thus 
Franklin is found under Fa. It makes no difierence whether the 
first letter be a vowel or consonant : thus Aemstelredamus is fbund 
under Ae. 

A copious Alphabetical Index, on this plan, is prefixed to each 
volume, and will be added to the whole work. 

A very little use will make it plainer, and more simple and easy 
to find an article, on this plan, than any other yet known. 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. L 



Aa. — Pjiom 7 TO Pag« 12. 

\ni&lAhiia, Fortunitiu . *l 

Alimmun, John QoorgA * , 7 

Anabapti^na . , > B 
Aiuibtapti^t ... 8 

A* Lapidfl. Comellaa . 10 

Ad&ma, Ridivd . . .JO 

Ai— Paos 13 TO Piai 28. 

Aemvielr^diLtDtis , . 12 

An^eiH^ Henry D' , . 15 

Applefcratb, R<*bert . 16 

A!t5i«mbty of Divine* , ,18 

Amheton, WillUin , 17 
Ame«, William ... 17 

Alit^dtuB^ John Heniy , 17 

AM^at Riciiard . . , 16 

AltpD, WiUifttn, D,D. . SI 

Allen, WiltJain, Rev, . 21 

AU^Q, Im M. . . . 32 

AXitrn, JohD , . , 23 

Ai]di!r»on, William . . SS 

Axt«ll Lad J . , , 23 

Andrewfi^ Eli^lia . 34 

Abel, Epbraiin . .34 

.\1drrvon, John, Se«. , 26 

Alder^on^ John* Jr . . 36 

AltlerBcn, Jame* O » S7 

Anglcpca, hlnnd . 38 

Abrr^T^nj, Coltc^^ 28 

AIUd, Nowh . . , 38 

Ai,— rAoK 39 TO Vao€ 36. 

AatipoHlD^^aptLAiT) , . 2v 

AHti|HPc{obaptidtd . . 29 

Amp^in^tiB, John A. . .30 

Amaworth, Henry , * 30 

Addin^rUm, Stephen , 33 

Addison. T^uncdot . 35 

Alkiu», Abraham . . 35 

Article^ SmalcAld . . £fi 

Aiix. 35 

Areola, F. ... 86 

Am Lin, AiiTRliufl D. . ,36 

Aa — Paqc £6 TO F^QE 41. 

Ashtnn^ Thomw . . S6 

Arnold, Nicholmt * > * 36 

Arnold, AVillkm , . 37 

Anonjmous . . .89 

Anthonj. Joseph < . 40 

Antbon, Cb&rtea . . 40 

A«hdo^i;i, Wklli&m . 41 

Av.— Pao* 41 TO Fao» 42. 

Alcuinu* , ,41 

Aufttin, Abrah&m , 41 

Austin, Ampliu! D. . .36 

Asplnndj John . . 43 

Ba.— pAoi 43 TO Pao* 78. 

Baptiflt , . , . 4H 

Baptiflm . , < . 43 

Bmyle, Peter , . , 45 

Borrow, David . . .49 

Bbmp^eld, Francis . 50 

Baxter, Richard . , 54 

Blukwood, Chrifitopher . 57 

Barrow, laiiac , . .67 

Ball John , , . 58 

Ball, Lord , , . , 68 

BnidHury, ThonJw . . S8 

Brandt . . . , 5» 

Barker, ThotnAs . ♦ 60 

Blatrkstr^ne, William , 60 

BrittOiwaitf, O corps , 60 

Bar^boDfi, Praiae Ood , A3 



Bakevefl Thomat , . 6fi 

Barber, Edward , > ,65 

Bateman, J(thn P. , . 65 

Brav, Tbomaa * .65 

BacltQB, liiaac . , . 66 

BaakdU, WUltam . . 69 
B&tes, J. ... 70 

Bar«, John . * . .70 

Bald^riAn ThomajB . 70 

Baker, Elijah , , . 71 

Blake, Tliomos . . *I^ 

Blake, Danid . < . 73 
Bailey .... 7ft 

Bate 76 

BaptiHl, Edward . . 7ft 

Barnea, Albert , , .77 

Baine. Joseph . , , 77 

Braid wood, William , .78 

Braunn?, Johannes > . 18 

Brantly, W. T. , . , 7S 

Bk.— Pau* 78 TO PaoB 90 

Becon, Thomas . . 78 

Beeby, W. Y. . . .79 

Bell, Jaoiefl . « . 79 
Bc-nUey, Rirhanl ... 81 

Beatiie, Jamea . - . 81 

Bengel* John Albert . . 6t 

BeckmnnuA . . , 83 

Besad. Godfrey De , , B3 

Brett, Tliomaa . , 83 

Ikcm TheorJora * . , 83 

Bres, Guy De . 84 
Beaucatr« ... 84 

Behman, Jame# , , 84 

Benet, Thoma» , , . 84 

Bean»otire, If^aac . < S4 

BcHHon, Geotf^e . . > 85 

Beddomt^i Bt-njamin . . 8& 

Benedict, Oeurge , ^ ,86 

Benedict, David . . 89 

Breniua, Daniel - . . M 

Btefidick, NichoUtt , . 90 

Bi.— Pau k »0 to Pao» 9*. 

Blrt, laaifth , « .90 

Bi^hmd, Ralph , , , 90 

Bnnflley, John . \ .90 

Biddulpb, ThomM , . 90 

BingliJim, Jifscph . . .90 

Brine, John . , . 91 

Bliw, JohnF. > p . 95 

BilIingHby^ John A. . . 96 

Bibliotheca BritAnnicm . . 99 

Bo.— Paoi 39 TO Paoi 110. 

Bovn. Dr. . - . , 99 
Brooke, Robert ... 99 

Bower, Ari^hibald » .100 

BoflsuGt, Jame^ R . 100 

Eocher, Joan . . .103 

Bown, Immannel » 102 

Bohenjiun, Joliannea , . 103 

Booth, Abraham * . 103 

Brown, John . , , 106 

Brown, John 2 . * 106 

Brown, William . . 107 

Brown, Jcweph . . 107 

Brown, J. Ncwtoo , , 107 

Brown, Chad . , 107 
Brown, Johns .,.1*18 

Brown, Joseph 2 , . lOS 

Brown, Nicholaa . . 108 

Bolsaccus, J. , ♦ ^ 109 

Bots, John Baptkt . .109 



Blood, Caleb . 
Broi^k^ Charlea 
Bronfton, A. . 
Bioaddui, W. F, 
Bofktwick, David 
Boston, Thotnoa 
Bowler, Charles 
Block, J. . 

Bu.— Fagk 1IOtoP*oi 
Bullingcr, Henry 
Burgest*, Cornehus 
Burro uf^lia, Jo^teph 
Bu^onhngiiia, John 
Biirkett, Willi:t[ii 
Bneanu*, William 
Burmanoa, Fraocb 
Burnet, Gilbert 
Butler* Jo*iepb . 
Bulkley Charleft 
Burnham. Richard 
Butler worth, John 
Bucer, Martin . 
Bum» 

Bniii, Peter De 
Buaher, Leonard 
Broback, Hana 
Bunyan, John 

Ca.— Page 137 to Paob 

Canne. John 
CatahAptiftm 
Catahaptist 
Carpenter, Richard 
CanHander, George 
Cnwdrj, Daniel 
Cwy 

Carey, Phil . 
Carey, John 
Carey, William 
Oarey, Fdii 
CaoieTon 
Caswell 

Cart Wright, Joaeph 
Chamberlin, Juhi 
Crawford, Alex* 
Crawley, A. . 
Chase, J. 

Crane, W. Carey . 
Charlton, Thoraaa 
Clapton, John , 

OnipA, John 
Cfcarnook. Stephen 
Cajeian, Card tool 
Caloviu*!. Abraham 
Chamberlon, Peter 
Cum^^ron, John 
Cave, Willi^un 
Chamier. Daniel 
Cflmerariuft, Jonehin 
Ca*^tnii^l. Sebastian 
CfflTin, John 
Chnmbers. Epliraim 
Car*tn, Al^ lander 
Curter, RobL 
CnmpWll, Al«cacider 
Craig, Elijah 
Campboli Jesse H, 
CartledjQ^e, Samuel 
CbnHtain 

Ciialmere, Thomaa 
Callaway, Francis, Sen. 
Clay, Joseph 



109 
109 
109 
110 

no 

110 

no 

110 

137. 
110 
111 
111 

118 
117 
117 
118 

lie 

130 
129 
1£2 
124 
125 
126 
136 
1S6 
126 
136 

155. 
127 
135 
135 
136 
186 
135 
135 
135 
135 
138 
140 
110 
140 
140 
140 
141 
141 
141 
141 
141 
141 
141 
141 
143 
144 
144 
. 144 
144 
145 
145 
145 
14ft 
146 
147 
151 
151 
15S 
153 
153 
154 
154 
165 
156 



rii. 



Qi^-Paoi W to Pa<» 157. 
GleikTer, Robert » * 167 



01«*T«I&nd, Jutm 3 

Ci,— Park J57toPa«» 
Ckero, MftTflua TuUiu* 
Chidlej, SamaitL 

ClxUlon, KJchud 

Co^Pao* 158 to Pam 

Colf;;ti«, Archbjfthgp o1 
Cocceiuf* or Cock, Juhn 
CorvinuB* Anthony 
Callin^ Wiiliam 
OdIUha, HtfTcuJefl 
0oortu9, FiureoUoe 
Oollinge*, or Qotliogi^ J, 
Cooke, R 
Ouok, Jw^ph. 

Coaift, Juhn, D.D. 
ConAtAtiiin, Robert 
Ooooor, Wilson 

Oq'aclit Jobu 
Coh]«t» Thomtu 
CoUdu, John 
Crosby. Tlionuu 
Compel]. FrftacM 

Comet on. Henry 
Corel, Letiitiel 
CrowJoy, David 
Courcy, Iticbard De 
CollcDfl, Johu 
CocliWns;, John 
C^x, Benjamin 
Cox, Neli^iuiah 
Cox, l\ A. 
Corbly, Joho 
Coventry, Qeorge 
ClopbenburmiM, John 
Collier, William 
Collier, Ttioriub* 
Choules, J. O. 
Crook, George 
Cone, S. H., D.D. 
Coffin, Robert A. 
Cornell, Joiteph 
Ootnatock, Elkjuuh 
Coles, Peter 
Cloptonn Peter 
Clop ton, Wiltiara 
Cole, Nathaniel, Jiul 

Cu.— Pao» 181 TO Pao» 
C^porioluo, Aug* 
Church, John 
Curct^Uffiiis, Stephen D. 
Cnrtij*, Thomas, DO* 
Curt id, Stephen 
Ousbman, R. W, 

Ct — Paok 182 TO Paue 
Olyfton, Kichard 

DA.^P>a< 183 to ?M% 
Davids 

Davia, Whliam 
DaTW, J. 
DtTU, Jo«™b 
D»Yi». G. R, DD. 
IHni, Hiomu ^ 

D&TJI, J^ J. 
Davle^ Samnet 
J>aTjes, Mr, 



i&a. 



157 

157 
I, 
. 157 

158 
, I5S 

15S 

lai. 

. 158 

1G3 
, I6U 

159 
, 159 

159 
- J5fl 

159 
. 160 

156 
. 1C« 

I6C 
. 107 

167 
. 167 

168 
. 16g 

16S 
. 168 

168 
. 170 

170 
. 17* 

17S 
. 17fi 

17a 
< 17S 

I7a 
» 17S 

174 
. 175 

175 
. 176 

177 
. 17* 

179 
. 179 

180 
. 180 

180 
, 181 

161 
. 181 

181 



IBS. 
. 161 

181 
. 181 

IBS 
. Ifla 

)B3 

, 18« 

169. 
183 
163 
1S5 
185 
186 
18b 
186 
1B6 
186 



BmTye, TliomM * 
D&Teoant, John, D.D. 
iTAM^nj, Mju-iufl 
Dogou, Stephen 
Dale. Anthooy Van 
Diulie, John 
DAWkcFi, Clendoa 
Day, John 
Daventrta, A* 
DanU, John Andrew 
Drtgg, J, U, D,D. 
Davvnporti John 
DaTenp^rt, John 2 
DiuiieL M. 
Diinifl, Robert T. 



. 166 

186 

, tB6 

186 
, 187 

1&7 
. J67 

188 
, 188 

188 
. 189 

189 
, 1U3 

IBJ) 
. IS9 



De--Paoi 195 TO PaOK 205. 

UAl William, MD. . IftS 

Dtiwhorat, Thomu . .196 

Denue,John , . 196 

Denne, ifenry - * •197 

DflT, aamuef , 199 

De Aiichy . .199 

Denirton . . . 2O0 

Di^i, Mrv. . . . aOO 

De I^unet Thonu« £04 

DvJiter, Gregory . . 205 

Di— Paq* JaOfi TO Pao* 9o1 

DickinAun, CrUpin . 305 

Dickinson, Jonathan , 305 

Driokwater^ Richard , 306 

Dickens. I^ . . , S06 

Dipping . ' 306 

Do,— Pao« S06 TO Pagx S09. 

Dore, Jaroea . - ,206 

DoreMaar ... 206 

Do(ldri<1ge, Philip, D.D. . 906 

Dorwt, John , . 207 

Dobuni Al(!XJ^nd«r < . £07 

Dolman, John • < 20S 

Doe. CharJefl . * . <0S 

Doiiglam. Caleb .« . SOB 

Dob<rU. Joseph . . . tt08 

Dowlmg.J., aD. . . 909 

Dorrini^lon. ITjeophilus , S09 

Dtxl ajiU Clenver , 409 

Du — Paus 209 TO Paab SlO. 

Dudley, Ambroce . . 309 

Datch^Annotator* • 909 

Duke, William, LL.D. . *09 

Duncwi. John . * 209 
Du Boi^ X ... 909 

DiuiliAin, Jacob R * 909 

Dr.— Pioir £10 to Paoc Stl. 

Dyke. Daniel U.A. 910 

El.— Pao« 311 TO Paoi 2£7, 

FmU*}. David . . 311 

EdwanK Morgan, AM. . 2ll , 

Ed^?^L^^^ Peter , . 915 

EdwarJvJohn . .210 

Eilwardfs Johni D.D. > £16 

Edward\ Jonatbaa . ^ 217 

Edvrtirdii, JoimLlian, DJ), 913 

t^Ti^^nin*, D. It . , 918 

EdnirJi, J. . , ,916 

Eastwood . * . £18 

£«if;taod, Church of , .918 

FjtdesJwseph , , £19 

Evans, Caleb . .219 

Erana, Hu^i, ^A, . 223 

Evan^, John, M.A . < 22'1 

Evani), Chri^maa . . £93 

Erbery, WtUiam . . flS3 

ElderBeld, Cbnatian . SX4 



Exe11,Jodmft , . . 924 

Eve, GooT^ . . 924 

Ewer, Bamael , . . 224 

Ecclev, John * , 226 

£nikin^ John, D.D. , , 995 

Elhsi John, Jnn. . . 996 

EilitMn, Jamvfl . • ., 926 

Ellison, Se»come . . H^fi 

Emlin, . ■ , . 92fl 

Elliot, Bidiant or John . 927 

KUringbam, William . .927 

Eitiui^ William . , 237 

Et.— Paoi 997 TO Pao« 238, 
Ely, Tbomoa ... 397 
Enilyn. Thomaa . . 298 
Eneyctopedia Brttaiuuai < 338 

Eu.— PAoa 299 TO Vxam 338. 

EdmuDda, J. O. , . 229 

Fa — Pag« 2B8 to PAa« 245. 

Fnmworth, Ridiard . 23B 

Fanner, Richard . . £86 

Farwtill Levi . , 339 

Fatikelius, H«nnaa , . 244 

Frankiua. A. H. 944 

FHnk, Bebaatian , 944 

Fratlcif, Benjamin , , £44 

FraokliD, Ceorge , « S44 

Franklj^n . . £45 

Fabrictufi, John . . * 945 

Fabriciua, Francia , . 245 

Fabridua, J. 2 . * .245 

Fr— Paox 945 to Pask £54. 
Featley, Daniel, D.D. . £45 
Pell, Dr. John . S4G 

Fleetwood, William £47 

FerifUMm. Robert . . 347 

FelEiWH, John . > 947 

Fleming. Caleb . . .247 
Fleminjf. Robert . , 247 
Frewin, Paid , .347 

Fenowa ... £48 

Freer, J S4B 

Ferris, JoEiatLaa , 948 

Ferria, Enoch . . . 250 
Fmy, J. S. C. F. . , 252 
Fletcher, A., M_D. . £52 

Fl.— Paum £54 TO Page £56. 
Fielil, Ridmrd, M.D. . 254 
Finher, Joiia ... 954 

Finley. Samuel, DJ). . £56 
Ftith, Johu ... 256 



Fo— Paow 965 TO 
Fownea, George 
Fronde. Hionua 
Forty, H(?nry 
FlorentintWi Hieron 
Foot. WdUam 
Foxwell, Nalhaoid 
Ford, Reuben 
Kord, SimtJW 
Flower, llmniaa 
Fioiirnoy. Fmnciit 
Forraey, Jt>hn Henry 
Forbea, Philo 
Foater, Jam«a 
Foster. K 
Foater, Benjamin 
Pisiiter, O Oaylord 
Kffilf^r, John 
Foster, Elizabeth, 
Poakett, Bernard, 
Fox, William, 



Pao, — , 

£65 
. 966 

. 566 

. 967 

36B 

. 268 
£63 

. £69 
£69 



8amu«L 



270 
270 
270 
276 
276 
978 
989 
296 
294 
9g5 



H A Y NE S' 



BAPTIST CYCLOPAEDIA 



AMALARIUS, Fortunatus, a 
person who, from being a Monk of 
Madeloc, was exalted to the Arch- 
bishopric of Treves in 810. He 
wrote: A Treatise on Baptism, print- 
ed among the works, and under the 
name of, Alcuimis. See Alcuinus 
in this work. Also Bibliotheca 
Britannica,by Robert Watt, M. D., 
Edinburgh, 1824. 

ALTMANN, John George, a 
Swiss Historian and Divine, was 
born 1697 ; died 1758. In con- 
junction with Brettinger, he com- 
piled the collection entitled Tem- 
pe Helvetica. Zurich, 1735-43, 
6 vols., 8vo. — Meletemata philo- 
gico-Critica quibus difficilioribus. 
N. Test, locis ex antiquitate lux af- 
funditur. Utrecht, 1753, 3 vols., 
4to. — A Description of the Gla- 
ciers in Germany. Zurich, 1751- 
53, 8vo. — Principia Ethica ex 
monitis legis naturae et praeceptis 
religionis Christianae deducta. Zu- 
rich, 2d edition, 1753, 2 vols., 
8vo. He wrote, also, a Philo- 
sophical work, entitled Versuch- 
einer Historischen und Physischen 
BeschreibungderHelvetischen Eis- 



berge. Zweite Auflage : illustrated 
with copper-plates, Zurich, 1753, 
8vo. — ^Robert Watt's Bibliotheca 
Britannica, ad nomen. From this 
writer, who was a Paedobaptist, the 
following quotations are made im- 
der the name of Altbhannus : " In 
the primitive church, persons to be 
baptized were not sprinkled but en- 
tirely immersed in water, which 
was performed according to the ex- 
ample of John the Baptist. Hence 
all those allusions : seeing by im- 
mersion, they plainly signified a 
burial; by the following emersion 
out of the water, a resurrection ; 
and agreeable to these ideas, are 
those passages of scripture to be 
explained, which refer to this rite. 
See Rom. vi. 3, 4, 5, Col. ii., and 
Gal. iii. 27." Meletem. Philolog. 
Critic. Tom. iii. Exercit. in 1 Cor. 
XV. 29. 8 ^oo^AjPaedobaptism Ex- 
amined p. 97. 

" It has not yet been proved that 
the baptism of Clinics was used in 
the time of the Apostles ; nor cer- 
tainly can any passages be produc- 
ed from the Apostolic writings, nor 
from those of the first Fathers, 



:±i 



8 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



from which it may be concluded 
that it is a rite of such . great 
antiquity." Meletem. Philolog. 
Critic. Tom. iii. p. 131. 

ANABAPTISM. For authors on 
this subject and for notices of the 
titles and character of their works, 
see in this work articles : Aemstel- 
redamus, Cole Thomas, Brocardus 
James, Wigend John, Clopenber- 
gius. Bailie Robert, Reading John, 
D.D., Cragge John, Collins Her- 
cules, Barton Thomas, and Bene- 
dict David, and articles Anabaptist, 
Catabaptist, Sebaptist, Paedobap- 
tist, and Baptist. Under the title 
Anabaptism, Robert Watt in his 
Bibliotheca Britannica dates, 1535, 
and notices the following works: 
Dissertatio Contra A. 1535. A 
Godly and Fruitful sermon against 
the divers erroneous Opinions of 
the A. and others. 1580. De A. 
Jurantiam in Papam et Ecclesiam 
Romanam. 1582. De A. Dogmata, 
et Argumenta, cum Refutationibus. 
1644. The Confession of Faith of 
the Churches commonly called 
A. London. 4to. Glasg. Lib. 
1743. Gangraena Theologiae, A., 
&c — 1647. A. the true Fountain 
of Independency, Browinism, An- 
tinomianism, and Familism un- 
sealed — 1647. Against A. — 1654. 
An Antidote to A. — 1767. A. 
Routed — 1656. The Arraignment 
and Conviction of A. 1673. Anti- 
dote to prevent the prevalency of 
A. N. D. Defence of A. 

ANABAPTIST. Authors and 
works on this subject are noticed 
in this work under their names re- 
spectively, some of which are the 
following: Corvinus Anthony, Cal- 
vin John, Turner William, D.D., 
Bullinger Henry, Knox John,Bres 
John De, Johnson Francis, Bale, 
or Baleus John, Ampsinguis or 



Ampsing John, Assuerus, Bugen- 
hagius, or Bugenhagen John, Hor- 
tensius Lambert, Ainsworth Henry, 
Sheppard, or Shepard, or Shepherd 
Thomas, Ricraft Josiah, Spanheim 
Frederick, Bakewell Thomas, Feat- 
ley Daniel, Crouch John, Chidley 
Samuel, Carpenter Richard, Ash- 
ton Thomas, Brown Immanuel, 
Fell Dr. John, CoUens John, Pres- 
sick George, Ellis Thomas, Cra- 
fordius Matthew, Allen William, 
D.D., Assheton William, D.D., 
Fabricius John, Stennett Joseph, 
Stennett Samuel, Stogdon Hubert, 
Catron Francis, Watkins Richard, 
Cotesford Thomas, Ott John Henry, 
Whitgift Dr. John, Gerbelius Nich- 
olas, and names under articles Arux^ 
baptism^ Baptism^ Paedobaptism, 
&c. See also Benedict David, and 
Art., Chronology Baptist. The 
following list of titles of books on 
this subject is quoted from Robert 
Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica un- 
der the title of this article. 

1. A. de Ortu et Progressu.- 
1554. 

2. De Miserabili Monasteriensi- 
um A., obsidione, excidio, memora- 
bilibus rebus tempore obsidionis in 
urbe gestis, Epistola.-1549. 

3. A Short Instruction for to 
arme all good Christian People 
against the Pestiferous Errours of 
the Common Secte of the A.-1551. 

4. A Preservative or triacle 
against the Poison of Pelagius, late- 
ly renewed and stirred up again by 
the furious Sect of the A.-1551. 

5. Three Dialogues between the 
Seditious Libertine or Rebel A., 
and the larue obedient Christian. 
1554. 

5. An halsome Antidotus, or 
counter Poyson against the pesti- 
lent Heresye and Sect of A.-1560. 

7. Adversus A., lib. iL-1560. 



• •• 
« • • 

* « • 



Aa 



OYOLOP^DIA. 



Aa 



9 



I 



8. An Answer to a great number 
of blasphemous Cavillations, writ- 
ten by an A., wherein the Author 
discouvereth the craflt and false- 
hood of that Sect, that the Godly, 
Knowing that error, may be con- 
firmed in the trueth by the evident 
Word of God.-1595. 

9. La Racine, Source, et Fonde- 
ment des A. de nostre temps, avec 
refutation de leurs arguments. 
1617. 

10. Treatises against the A. 
1616. 

11. Historia A.-1619. 

12. Disp. 3 contra A.-1632. 

13. De Paedobaptismo, contra A. 
-1636. 

14. Tumultuum A., liber unus. 
1641. 

15. Book of Common Prayer 
Vindicated from all A.-1642. 

16. A Short History of High 
and Low Germany. Lond. 4to.- 
1644. 

17. Confession of Faith of A., 
&c. Lond. Reprinted Lon. 1646, 
1652.-1644. 

18. An Answer upon a Dialogue 
of the A.-1645. 

19. A Letter against A., Separa- 
tists, &c. Lond.-1645. 

20. A Looking-glass for the A. 
and the rest of the Separatists. 
-1640. 

21. Of the Origin and Progress 
of the Sect of the A.-1646. 

22. An Historical Narration of 
several sects of the A. in Germany. 
-1646. 

23. Defence of Infant Baptism 
against the A.-1647. 

24. The Dippers dipt; being a 
Discourse against the A.-1650. 

25. Anabaptistarum Scrupuli; 
an Answer to a Kentish A., made 
in the year 1649. 

26. The Separatist's answer to 



the A. Arguments concerning 
Baptism.~1653. 

27. The A. Washed and shrunk 
in the Washing.-1659. 

28. The Boundless Cruelty of an 
A.'s Tyranny.-1659. 

29. Against the A.'s and Quak- 
ers.-1659. 

30. Of the Designments of the 
Roman Catholics, Royalists, Pres- 
byterians, A.-1660. 

31. A Brief Relation of some of 
the most remarkable Passages of 
the A. of High and Low Germany, 
in the year 1521, &C.-1661. 

32. Traytors Un vailed; a brief 
and true Account of the Design of 
the A. and Fifth Monarchy Men 
on Sunday, in Newgate.-1669.- 
1676. 

33. Adversus Socinianos, A. Lib- 
ertines, Pontificios quosdam, Luth« 
eranos, &c. 1676. 

34. A Friendly Address to Non- 
conformists, beginning with the A. 
-1695. 

35. Hist, des A. Paris, 8vo.-1695. 

36. A Conference with an A.- 
1695. 

37. The A.'s Catechism.-Lond. 
8VO.-1701. 

38. Two Letters to Dissuade from 
the Errors of A.-1701. 

39. A Serious Address to the A. 
Lon. 8VO.-1701. 

40. A Caveat against the new 
sect of the A. lately sprung up at 
Oxon. Lon. 8vo.-1704. 

41. Contra Cum A.-1704. 

42. Answer to Mr. David Rus- 
sen's true Picture of the A.-1714. 

43. A Defence of the Caveat 
against the A. of Oxon.-1718. 

44. The Female's Advocate in 
behalf of the Sisters' Right to 
Church Government in the A. con- 
gregation. Lon. 4to.-1733. 

45. The HistotY o^ t\i^ fe^,-^"S^. 



10 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Aa 



46. That there is a lawful Vse 
of an Oath, contrary to the asser- 
tion of the Manichees and A. 

47. A most sure and strong de- 
fence of the Baptism of Children 
against the A. 

48. An Epistle written to a good 
Lady for the comfort of a Friend 
of hers, wherein the Novations' er- 
roure now reniued by the A. is con- 
futed, and the Synne against ye 
Holy Ghoste plainly declared. 

49. Annals relating to the His- 
tory of the A. 

50. Certayne Notis and Proper- 
ties of A. 

Under the Articles, Baptism, 
Paedobaptistj Baptist, Paedobap- 
tism, Infant Baptism, Anabap- 
tism, and in the Biographical, 
Bibliographical and Chronological 
portions of this work will be added 
and noticed, in extenso, several 
hundred other works and authors 
from some of which full quotations 
will be inserted. From this frag- 
ment it will be perceived by the 
reader, most readily, that the ma- 
terials are most ample and satis- 
factory* for the identification of the 
Baptists under whatever name they 
may have been known, in every 
generation, from a period, in histo- 
ry not only coaeval with the Pro- 
testant Reformation, but, as will 
evidently be made appear, from a 
period long anterior, which, if not 
as the learned Lutheran Doctor 
Mosheim in his Ecclesiastical His- 
tory affirms, " hid in the remotest 
depths of antiquity," yet traceable 
to the very first day of the begin- 
ning of the Church of Jesus Christ, 
which will be done, or at least es- 
sayed, in the Baptist Cyclopaedia 
under the Chronological History 
of the Baptists in the form of a 
digested and succinct CoifPEND. 



A LAFIDE, Cornelius. See 
Pierre. 

ADAMS, Rev. Richard, a Bap- 
tist minister and divine of England 
is to be distinguished from another 
of the same name, a Presbyterian 
divine and author and fellow of 
Brazen Nose College, Oxford, as 
will appear by comparing Robert 
Watt in BibliothecaBritannica un- 
der the names, and Walter Wil- 
son in his History of Dissejiting 
Churches, &c., Vol. 4., p. 277, in 
a note. In this same work above 
quoted, Walter Wilson, Vol. I., 
p. 402, gives a list oi fifteen pas- 
tors and assistants of the Baptist 
Church, Devonshire Sqtuire, in the 
city of London, Eastern Division, 
commencing with Rev. William 
Kiffin, previous to 1692, and ending 
with Rev. Timothy Thomas after 
1800, where he places Rev. Rich- 
ard Adams as pastor from 1690 to 
1716. See Devonshire Square in 
Baptist Cyclopaedia. In Vol. 11, 
p. 257 he notes Mr. Adams as pas- 
tor of Fair Street, General Bap- 
tist Church, in South ware, Eng- 
land, from 1688 to 1689. In the 
same Vol. p. 343, he says under the 
head of Shad Thames Baptist 
Church, Southwark: "The pastor 
of this church in 1681, was Mr. 
John Clayton, who died ahout the 
time of the revolution. He was 
succeeded by Mr. Richard Adams, 
who, ahout 1690, was called to suc- 
ceed Mr. Daniel Dyke, at Devon- 
shire Square. See Articles Fair 
Street and Shad Thames, in their 
proper alphabetical places in this 
work. From Walter Wilson's 
" History of Dissenting Churches," 
&c., published in Lend, in 4 vols, in 
1808, vol. I., pp. 435 — 437, (the au- 
thor is still living, and is a Dissent- 
er, but not a Baptist, it is believed,) 



J 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



11 



the following biography is extract- 
ed. He says: ''As Mr. Adams is 
not mentioned by the Oxford His- 
torian, it is probable that he re- 
ceived his education in the Uni 
versity of Cambridge. We have 
no account of him before the Re 
storation, when he had the living 
of Humberstone, in Leicestershire ; 
but which he was forced to relin- 
quish by the act of uniformity, in 
1662. After his ejectment, he 
married, and set up a meeting in 
his own house, at Mountsorrel, 
where he preached about fourteen 
years. As many persons resorted 
to hear him, it excited the jealousy 
of a neighboring justice, of the 
name of Babington, who, though 
a sober man, was very severe with 
him, and oppressed the Dissenters 
more than all the other justices in 
the county. He fined Mr. Adams 
twelve^ence per day, and sent to 
the officers of the parish to make 
distress for it. Though the con- 
sciences of these men smote them 
in their unhallowed work, yet the 
threats of the justice induced them 
to seize his pewter, and send it to 
the pewterers, which, however, 
they refused to buy. After this 
the justice sent for Mr. Adams, and 
told him he was not against his 
keeping school, if he would cease 
to preach, otherwise he must ex- 
pect to be troubled. Crosby in- 
forms us, History of the Baptists, 
Vol. iii. p. 38, that this justice died 
soon after by bleeding. How far 
this may be considered a retalia- 
tion of Providence, we do not take 
it upon us to say. But, though it 
may be presumption in us to de- 
termine precisely what are the 
judgments of God, yet it cannot 
be denied, that he has sometimes 
displayed his power in such a 



striking manner, and accompanied 
byso many remarkable coincidences, 
that it would argue extreme in- 
sensibility were they to pass unno- 
ticed. Though we are far from 
crediting all the numerous tales of 
this kind upon record, yet if we be- 
lieve that the Almighty superin- 
tends the concerns of his church, 
we can not suppose him indifferent 
to the concerns of his people, more 
especially as he has set a particu- 
lar mark upon persecutors. This 
will be a sufficient apology for our 
introducing such frequent refer- 
ences to the Divine interposition. 
Towards the latter end of the reign 
of King Charles II., Mr. Adams 
removed to London, and was 
chosen ministerof a congregation at 
Shad Thames, Bermondsey. From 
thence, upon the death of the Rev. 
Daniel Dyke, he was called to be 
joint-elder with Mr. Kiffin at De- 
vonshire-Square. He was ordained 
to that office in October, 1690, and 
the service was managed with 
great solemnity by Mr. KnoUys, 
Mr. William Collins, Mr. Hercules 
Collins, &c. For several years af- 
ter his settlement at Devonshire- 
Square, singing the praises of God 
in public worship, was a thing ut- 
terly unknown to the congregation. 
Indeed most of the Baptist 
Churches at this period," (only in 
some particular places,) '^ seem to 
have avoided it as an anti-christian 
infection. It was not till Decem- 
ber 1701, that this enlivening part 
of devotion was introduced to Mr. 
Adams' Church ; and even then it 
was used, for some time, with ex- 
treme caution. Mr. Adams, who 
was a man of great piety and integ- 
rity, lived to a very great age, but 
was disabled from constant preach- 
ing several years before his death. 



I 



12 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



which happened in the year 1716." 
Wilson here quotes MS. penes me. 
In Vol. 4. p. 257, 258, writing of 
Fair Street Baptist Church, he 
says : " The minister of this church 
in 1689, when it is said to have 
met at Shad Thames, was Mr. 
Richard Adams. He joined the 
general association of Particular 
Baptist Churches in that year, and 
signed their Confession of Faith. 
The church of which he was elder, 
however, appears to have been of 
the General Baptist persuasion. 
It was no uncommon thing in those 
days for ministers of Calvinistical 
sentiments to take the oversight 
of churches belonging to that de 
nomination, as we find in the cases 
of Mr. Stennett, Mr. Piggott, and 
others. Their differences were not 
so wide as they were in after times. 
Mr. Adams left this church in the 
year above mentioned, and removed 
to Devonshire-Square," as above 
noticed. 

AEMSTELREDAMUS, rather 
a voluminous writer. His principal 
works are — Parascue ad Sacrum 
Synaxin, Col. 1532, Syo.-Disserta- 
tio contr.a Anabaptismum. Antw. 
1535, Svo.-Baptismus Christianus 
juxta omnes locos, Dialecticae In- 
ventionis descriptus. Saligniaci, 
153 7. -Scholia ad Marbodaeum de 
Gemmis, 8vo.-Selectae Similitudi- 
nes ex Bibliis et Orthodoxis Patri- 

buS, 8V0. BiBLIOTHECA BrITANNICA 

by Robert Watt, M.D. Edinburgh 
-London, 4to, in 4 vols. 1824. See 
also Articles Anabaptism and Bap- 
tism in this work. It is most con- 
fidently believed that by the col- 
lection and collocation of this, and 
other Paidobaptist authors against 
Anabaptists, and Baptists, on the 
Baptismal question, that notwith- 
standing the invective and calum- 



niation against them with which 
many of the works chiefly abound, 
even characteristically so, yet nev- 
ertheless the discriminating judg- 
ment of the learned writers of the 
Baptist denomination in the pres- 
ent generation, might find and di- 
gest, if any would be at the pains 
and expenoe of elaborating it, an 
incalculable and invaluable amount 
of well authenticated documentary 
facts which would elucidate the 
ecclesiastical history of a sect, 
which existed previously to the Pro- 
testant Reformation, with various 
degrees of purity and fidelity, as 
witnesses of the true Christianity 
against the see of Papal Rome and 
her corruptions of the simplicity of 
the gospel, church, and ordinances 
of Christ, and thus for ever silence 
gainsayers, Romanist and Protes- 
tant. In such an inquest, would 
be doubtless discovered, not only in 
the authors themselves, facts and 
excerpts containing dates and con- 
cessions most favorable, but also 
most certainly quotations from oth- 
er authors and works, the know- 
ledge of which would thus be af- 
forded as an universal index to aid 
in further search into Baptist An- 
tiquities. It was partly with this 
view that the author was uncon- 
sciously, for his own personal grat- 
ification! led many years ago to 
address himself, as opportunity af- 
forded, to this most laborious, but 
to him all absorbing investigation. 
Animated by the hope too, that the 
Baptist CyclopiBdia, which has 
thus grown spontaneously into a 
book, might, if published, stimulate 
in the present, or in some future 
generation, the Baptist Antiquari- 
ans to bestow yet more thorough 
and successful labors upon this 
field of investigation, has not been 



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CYCLOPAEDIA. 



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13 



the least of the motiyes which in 
duced the publication. 

ANVERS, Henry D'-Author of 
-1. A Treatise of Baptism; con- 
taining also the History of Chris- 
tianity among the Ancient Britons, 
and among the Waldenses. Lon. 
1674, 8VO.-2. A Treatise of Lay- 
ing on of Hands ; with the History 
thereof. Lond. 1674, 8vo.-Reply 
to Mr. Willis' Answer to a late 
Treatise on Baptism ; with a brief 
Answer to Mr. Bilnman's Essay. 
Lond. 1675, 8vo.-BibliothecaBrit- 
ANNicA by Robert Watt under 
name. See also in this work Art. 
Baptism. Walter Wilson, of the 
Inner Temple^ London, in his His- 
tory of Dissenting Churches &c., 
vol. 1, p. 393-396, furnishes the fol- 

1 lowing biography of this distin- 
guished Baptist, which however 
defective and exceptionable is pre- 
ferred to Crosby's for the reason 

' that this testimony is volunteered 
by a reputable author who is not a 
Baptist, and cannot therefore be 
accused of partiality, if he is of 
a tincture of prejudice, and this 
course is adopted generally by 
the author of the Baptist Cyclo- 
padia^ as commending itself espe- 
cially to readers of other denom- 
inations of Christians, who will 
doubtless attach more credit to 
their own historians than to the 
statements of the Baptist author. 
Wilson thus discourses: "Henry 
D'Anvers, a writer of some note 
among the Anti-Paedobaptists" (i. e. 
Baptists,) " of the seventeenth cen- 
tury, descended from respectable 
parents. Ofhis history but few par- 
ticulars are known. He appears 
to have been a Colonel in the Par- 
liament army, as also governor of 
Stafford, and a justice of the peace, 
sometime before the usurpation of 



Oliver Cromwell : and we are told 
that he was well beloved among 
the people, being noted for one 
who would take no bribes. It was 
at this time that he embraced the 
principles of the Baptists, and also 
of the fifth monarchy men," (this 
last allegation needs some confir- 
mation of its truth,) "though, it 
is said, he could not fall in with 
their practices. After the Restora- 
tion, he appears to have suffered 
considerably on account of his non- 
conformity. As he possessed a 
considerable estate, of about four 
hundred" (£,) "per annum, he 
made it over to Trustees, that it 
might not be claimed by his per- 
secutors." Here Wilson in a note 
adds: "Crosby's Account of Mr. 
D'Anvers is so confused that it is 
difficult to distinguish whether 
some of the above particulars refer 
to father, or son." As the Baptist 
Cyclopaedia will contain no notes 
except only such as are inserted in 
the text, it may here be intimated, 
that whether true or false of the 
father, it must be altogether a mis- 
take that the son under considera- 
tion either sympathized or was 
identified with the fifth monarch- 
ists. "In the reign of Charles 
the Second, Mr. D'Anvers was joint- 
elder of a baptized congregation 
near Aldgate. But his principles 
rendering him obnoxious to the 
government, a proclamation was 
issued for his apprehension. He 
was at length taken and sent pris- 
oner to the Tower; but his lady 
having great interest at court, and 
there being no charge of conse- 
quence against him, he was releas- 
ed upon bail, about the year 1675. 
In the reign of James H. he at- 
tended some, private meetings at 
which matters were concerted in 



14 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ae 



favor of the Duke of Monmouth ; 
but the scheme of that unfortunate 
prince miscarrying, Mr. D'Anvers 
fled into Holland, where he died 
about a year after the Duke was 
beheaded, A. D. 1686. Crosby 
speaks of him as " a worthy many 
of an unspotted life, and conversa- 
tion.'' As Mr. D'Anvers was en- 
gaged in a controversy of some 
importance, both as it regards the 
subject, and the persons who were 
concerned in it, the reader will 
expect some account of his writ- 
ings. Although in the beginning 
of this article this was partly done 
from Robert Watt, as Walter Wil- 
son is more full, his account will 
be added. "In 1674, appeared 
the second edition of his Treatise 
of Baptism: wherein that of Be- 
lievers, and that of Infants, is ex- 
amined by the Scriptures. With 
the History of both out of Anti- 
quity ; making it appear that In- 
fants' Baptism was not practised 
for near four hundred years after 
Christ: with the fabulous Tradi- 
tions, and erroneous Grounds upon 
which it was, by the Pope's Can- 
ons (with Gossips, Chrysm, Exor- 
cism, Baptizing of Churches and 
Bells, and other Popish Rites,) 
founded. And that the famous Wal- 
densian, and old British Churches, 
Lollards and Wickliffians, and 
other Christians witnessed against 
it. With the History of Christian 
ity amongst the Ancient Britons 
and Waldensians." We have giv- 
the full title of this book, in order 
to prepare the reader for much cu- 
rious matter which he may expect 
in the perusal. Without deciding 
upon the merits of the argument, 
it is not too much to say, that in 
this performance Mr. D'Anvers 
displayed great labor and inge- 



nuity ; a good knowledge of eccle- 
siastical history, and of the writ- 
ings of the ancients ; and that he 
takes such a comprehensive view 
of the subject, as to deserve the 
attention of those who are desir- 
ous of acquainting themselves with 
the controversy. This treatise of 
Mr. D'Anvers soon brought upon 
him a number of adversaries, par- 
ticularly Mr. Willis, Mr. Bilnman, 
and Mr. Baxter. To those he re- 
plied in three distinct treatises, in 
1675. Mr. Willis having charged 
Mr. D'Anvers with misquoting his 
authors, and perverting their sense, 
appealed to the Baptists upon the 
subject. This occasioned some of 
Mr. D'Anvers' brethren to print a 
short paper in his vindication. It 
was signed by Hans. Knollys, Will. 
Kyffin, Dan. Dyke, Jo. Gosnold, 
Hen. Forty, Tho. De Laune. Be- 
sides his pieces upon baptism, Mr. 
D'Anvers published, " A Treatise 
of Laying on of Hands, with the 
History thereof, both from Scrip- 
ture and Antiquity. 1674." In 
his History of Baptism, is an ad- 
vertisment to the following eflFect. 
" There is by the same author, a 
book lately printed, called, Theo- 
polis, or City of God, in opposition 
to the city of the Nations : being 
a comment upon Rev. chap. xx. 21. 
In which the mystery of the two 
States, Worlds, and Kingdoms, 
Christ's and Antichrist's ; the two 
cities, Jerusalem and Babylon ; the 
two women, the Bride and the 
Whore; the two creatures, the 
Lamb and Beast, are particularly 
unfolded. With a more distinct 
accoimt than any yet extant, of 
the great battle of Armageddon, 
and the success thereof, in the 
taking and destroying, and impris- 
oning Dragon, Beast, and False 



Ab 



OYCLOPJSDIA. 



Ab 



15 



Prophet ; and the thousand years 
reign succeeding the same. With 
the many scriptural arguments why 
those two prophecies of the great 
hattle, and thousands years reign, 
in point of time, do precede, or are 
to be before the personal coming 
of Jesus Christ, whose said per- 
sonal coming and appearing, with 
his kingdom and reign upon the 
earth with all the saints, is describ- 
ed, particularly asserted and treat- 
ed on. A piece which may be 
very useful to any that would have 
information into these truths, and 
are desirous of more distinct light 
and knowledge into that blessed 
book, and Prophecy of the Revela- 
tion, so fully declaring the condi- 
tion and state of the church in 
these last times. "None of the 
above pieces are mentioned by Cros- 
by." So far Walter Wilson of 
the Inner Temple with our notes. 
Mr. Benedict occupies nearly six 
large octavo pages in noticing this 
work and in extracts and quota- 
tions. Ed. 1848, pp. 150, 151, 
152, 153, 154, 155. As his book 
is of so recent date, American, and 
universally accessible to the read- 
ers of the Baptist Cyclopaedia, it 
will suffice, after this full reference 
to it, to quote only from p. 151 
his summary of "The Contents 
of the Whole of D'Anvers' Trea- 
tise of Baptism," which he thus 
gives : " The book consists of 
two parts, the first proving be- 
lievers : The second disproving 
infant baptism, under these two 
heads : 

I. That the baptizing of believ- 
ers^ is only to be esteemed Chrises 
ordinance of baptism. 

II. That the baptism of in- 
fants is no ordinance of Jesus 

Christ. 



The first whereof is proved in 
seven chapters, viz : 

1. From Christ's positive insti- 
tution and commission commend- 
ing it. 

2. From the apostolical doctrines 
and precepts teaching it. 

3. From the example of prim- 
itive saints practising it. 

4. From the spiritual ends in 
the ordinance enjoining it. 

5. From the New Testament 
dispensation requiring it. 

6. From the constitution of all 
the primitive churches confirming 
it. 

7. From the testimony of learn- 
ed men in all ages, since Christ's 
witnessing it. 

The second also is made good 
in seven chapters more, viz : 

1. From the scriptures' total si- 
lence as to any precept or practice 
to warrant it. 

2. From the silence of antiquity 
itself, as to any practice of it for 
300 years, or the imposing of it 
for at least 405 after Christ. 

3. From the erroneous grounds 
both as to fabulous traditions and 
mistaken scriptures pretended for it. 

4. From the changed alteration 
of the rite and ceremony itself of 
dipping the whole man, into sprink- 
ling a little water on the head or 
face. 

5. From the nullity and utter 
insignificancy of it as to any gospel 
ordinance. 

6. From the absurdities and con- 
tradictions of it. 

7. From the eminent witness 
borne against it all along." 

" The whole making," say^Ben- 
edict " a 12mo. volume of 450 pp." 
As our design is not to incroach upon 
the premises of living authors and 
having added from Benedict cop- 



16 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ab 



iously, this article, already too long 
for this work, must abruptly close 
by asking the reader to anticipate 
something more in this work under 
the general division of Baptist 
Literature. 

APPLEGRATH, Robert, for- 
merly a Quaker, but has adopted the 
doctrines of the Established Church, 
-Author of — Theological Survey of 
the Human Understanding. Lond. 
1776, 8YO.-Apology for the Two 
Ordinances of Jesus Christy hy the 
Holy Communion and Baptism^ 
recommended to the Quakers. Lon. 
1789, 8vo."A Plea for the Poor, 
or. Remarks on the Price of Pro- 
visions and the Peasants' Labour, 
the Bounties allowed on the ex- 
portation of Com especially Wheat 
&c., Lon. 1789, 8vo.-Essay con- 
cerning Tithes, as appertaining to 
the Clergy of the Church of Eng- 
land, Lond. 1791, 8vo.-Rights of 
Man, or Strictures on the • Consti- 
tution of Great Britain and Ire- 
land, Lond. 1792, 12mo. Biblio- 

THECA BeITANNICA. 

ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES: a 

synod of laymen and divines who 
assembled by authority of parlia- 
ment, in King Henry the Seventh's 
Chapel, Westminster. On the 
first day, July 1st, 1643, sixty 
nine assembled, among whom 
were several Episcopalians, who 
afterwards withdrew. Lord Cla- 
rendon says, "about twenty of 
them were worthy and reverend 
pastors," and some of them cer- 
tainly the most learned men of 
their time ; as Selden, Ainsworth, 
Gataker, Featly, &c. They signed, 
" The Solemn League and Coven- 
ant,"* drew up the Confession of 
Faith, the Longer and Shorter Ca- 
techism, &c. ; and several of them 
jointly published a Commentary on 



the Bible, in 2 vols, folio," (fix>m 
which the following quotations of 
Booth are taken) — Enc. ReL 
Knowl. 

Were Baptized. Washed by dip- 
ping in Jordan, as Mark, vii. 4., Heb. 
IX. lO.'-Buriedunth him by baptism. 
See CoL iL 12. In this phrase the 
Apostle seemeth to allude to the 
ancient manner of baptism, which 
was to dip the parties baptized, 
and as it were to bury them under 
the water i for a while, and then to 
draw them out of it, and lift them 
up, to represent the burial of our 
old man, and our resurrection to 
newness of life." Annotations^ on 
Matt iii. 6., and Rom. vi. 4., Booth. 
Paedobaptism. 

" Not all they who are carnally 
born of Abraham, by the course of 
nature, are the children of God, to 
whom the promise of grace was 
made ; but the children of promise j 
that is, those who were born by 
virtue of the promise, those who 
by God's special grace were adopt- 
ed (as Isaac by a special and sin- 
gular promise was begot by Abra- 
ham) they only are accounted for 
that seed mentioned in the Cov- 
enant ; / will be thy God and the 
God of thy seed.^^ Annotations on 
Rom. ix. 8. Booth. Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 334. 

" Whom thou: who at their 
birth were mine, by virtue of my 
covenant, whereby the whole body 
of the nation was a wife to me, 
and the particular persons as chil- 
dren ; wherefore thou shouldst have 
consecrated them to me." Note^ 
on the place Ezekiel, xvi. 20. 
21. Booth. Paedobaptism Examin- 
ed, p. 346. 

ASSHETON, William, D. D. 
Rector of Middleton, in Lancashire, 
was bom 1641, died 1711. Hia 



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17 



first work was published, Lon. 1663, 
and his latest 1710, Lond. He was 
a most Yolumin'ous learned and able 
writer, but as the plan of this work, 
embraces all books by Baptists on 
all subjects, and in general to notice 
Paedobaptist authors only so far as 
identified with the baptismal ques- 
tion, baptist history, and literature, 
and to quote their concessions; for 
a complete list of Dr. Assheton's 
works the reader is referred to Bib- 
hotheca Britannica^ in which cata- 
hgue is: ^^ A Conference with an 
Anabaptist; being a Defence of 
Infant BapHsm, part J., 1696, 
8vo.j wrote against a congregation 
of Anabaptists who set up in 
the Doctor's Parish. Their meet- 
ings haying soon been broken 
up, the Dr. never published a sec- 
ond part." The Dr. wrote another 
work which might be curious to 
Baptists, Second Edition, entitled, 
" Two Cases of Scandal and Perse- 
cution, being a seasonable Inquiry 
into these two things : I. Whether 
the Non-Conformists, who other- 
wise think subscription lawful, are 
therefore obliged to forbear it, be- 
cause the weak Brethren do judge 
it unlawful. II. Whether the Ex- 
ecution of Penal Laws upon Dis- 
senters, for Non-Communion with 
the Church of England, be perse- 
cution ? Wherein they are pathet- 
ically exhorted to return into the 
bosom« of the Church of England 
as the likeliest expedient to stop 
the Growth of Popery." Lond. 1674, 
1676, 8vo. 

AMES, in Latin AmesiuSj Wil- 
liam, an eminent Divine in the 
reigns of King James and Charles 
I., famous for his ccbsuistical and 
controversial writings, was born 
1575 ; died 1633. We select from 
the catalogue of Dr. Ames' works 



as given in BiBLioTHECA Brit ANNiCA 
only those relating to Baptism. " A 
Reply to Bishop Morton on his Lord- 
ship^ s Defence of the Surplice^ the 
Cross in Baptism^ and Kneeling at 
the Sacrament. Lond. 1641, 4fo." 
Another of his works : " De Con- 
scientia. Amst. 1635, 12mo.," is 
quoted by Booth below : 

"There are many of the seed 
of Abraham to whom the word 
of promise does not belong; as 
Ishmael, and the Ishmaelites: 
but if there are many of Abraham's 
seed to whom the word of promise 
does not relate, the rejection of 
many Jews, who are of Abraham's 
seed, does not render the word of 
promise void." In Mr. Tombes's 
Examin. p. 50, Booths Paedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 334. 

"Exposed children, whose pa- 
rents are not known, if they were 
born among Christians, are charita- 
bly to be accounted the children of 
Christians, (and to be baptized.) 
if there be no just cause of assum- 
ing the contrary, if suitable spon- 
sors be found for them." De Consci- 
entia, L. IV. C. XXVII. § 5. 
Boothj Paedobaptism Examined, 
p. 451. 

In quoting concessions of Pae- 
dobaptist authors, it is not neces- 
sary, in most instances, to add 
strictures, or make applications. 
It occurs, also, sometimes, that 
such authors are quoted not on ac- 
count of concessions, but simply 
because the quotation states some 
one of the countless positions as- 
sumed by the advocates of Paedo- 
baptism, which it is curious to con- 
template. 

ALSTEDIXJS, John Henry, a 
German Protestant Divine, and a 
voluminous writer. Professor of 
Philosophy and Divinity at Her- 



18 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



born, afterwards at Alba Julia, in 
Transylvania, 1636. He applied 
himself chiefly to reduce the seve- 
ral branches of the arts and sciences 
into Systems which he published 
under the title — Encyclopedia; a 
work much esteemed even by 
Roman Catholics. Printed, Her- 
born, 1610, 4to. 1610, 2 Vols. 4 
folio, Lyons 1649, 4 Vols, fol. He 
endeavours to prove, that the Ma- 
terials and Principles of all the 
Arts and Sciences may be found in 
the Scriptures. De Mille Annis. 
Lond. 1643, 4to. wherein he asserts 
that the Faithful shall reign with 
Christ one thousand years, after 
which will be the general Resur- 
rection, and the last judgment. 
He also is author of Templum 
Musicum, or the Musical Synopsis, 
Translated from the Latin by J. 
Birchensha, London, 1664, 8 vols. 
This must be the same writer 
quoted by Booth below as author 
of Lexicon Theologicum, which we 
here introduce. 

^' Baptizein, to baptize, signifies 
only to immerse ; not to wash, ex- 
cept by consequence." Lexicon 
Theologicum,' Cap. XIL p. 221. 
Booth, Paedobaptism Examined, 
p. 221. 

" The rite of immersion, which 
is intimated by the very word 
baptism, certainly bears a greater 
analogy to the thing signified" 
Lexicon Theologicum, Cap. XII. 
p. 223. Booth, Faedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 126. 

ALLEN, Richard, was an emi- 
nent minister among the General 
Baptists, at the latter end of the 
seventeenth, and beginning of the 
eighteenth centuries He was a 
man of good endo^-ments, and 
though he had not the advantages 
of a learned education, yet by con- 



stant application and persevering 
industry, he attained to a respecta- 
ble acquaintance with the oriental 
languages, and other parts of useful 
learning, so as to exceed many 
who enjoyed the benefits of Acade- 
mical instruction. (Crosby's Eng- 
lish Baptists, Vol. iv. p. 346,) 
'' He commenced preaching in the 
reign of King Charles IL a time 
when all the Dissenters from the 
Church were under the rod of per- 
secution. And Mr. Allen did not 
escape, but shared in common with 
his brethren, the wholesome disci 
pline of fines and imprisonment, 
for the conviction of his conscience, 
and reducing it to the standard of 
the loyal faith. As he was preach- 
ing his lecture on a Thursday, the 
meeting was disturbed, and he was 
seized, together with ten other 
persons and committed to Newgate. 
Mr. Allen was fined ten pounds, 
and the rest some marks. After he 
had lain there about six or seven 
weeks, his friends having some in- 
terest with the sheriffs, became 
bound for his good behavior, and 
obtained a remission of his fine, he 
was discharged ; the other persons 
also were liberated upon paying 
their respective fines. At another 
time he was preaching in White's 
Alley, Moorfields, the congregation 
being assembled at five o'clock in 
the morning, the better to conceal 
themselves, the soldiers broke in 
upon them, and vented their abuse 
upon the people ; they threw one 
of the forms at Mr. Allen in the pul- 
pit, broke down the galleries, and 
did forty or fifty pounds damages 
to the meeting house." (Crosby's 
English Baptists, vol. iii., p. 161.) 
" It is apprehended, that Mr. Allen 
was called into the ministry by the 
General Baptist Society in White's 



Ab 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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19 



Alley ; at least it is certain that 
before the revolution, he sustained 
the character of a minister in that 
church, an office different from that 
of pastor or elder, and which is 
still preserved in some dissenting 
churches in the country. The prac- 
tice of laying on of hands on bap- 
tized believers, formed an essential 
article in the constitution of this 
society, and was adhered to with 
rigid tenacity, till the choice of 
Mr. Ash worth as pastor in 1740, 
when it was left indifferent. Mr. 
Allen had no great fondness for 
this custom ; he did not consider it 
as a positive institution, and as 
such binding on the church ; at 
least he thought the matter should 
be left optional, and that it ought 
not to be made an indispensable 
requisite to Christian communion. 
This sentiment clashing with the 
received opinions of that church to 
which he stood in the relation of 
minister, a separation was the ne- 
cessary consequence. The matter 
was deemed of so much importance 
that several other churches, who 
retained the practice in question, 
were invited by their representa- 
tives to attend the church-meeting 
at White's Alley ; in order to de- 
bate the matter, and to sanction 
by their presence, whatever the 
church should think fit to adopt; 
accordingly, a church-meeting was 
held on the 18th of June, 1688, 
when a resolution was passed sus- 
pending him from the ministry 
among them." (Under the Art. 
Turner's Hall in this work, other 
particulars will be noted.) " Mr. 
Allen being dismissed from this 
situation, gathered a small society 
which met at Turner's Hall, Phil- 
pot-lane, and was most probably 
composed of some of his hearers at 



White's Alley. Beloved by his 
little flock, he continued to watch 
over them with much pleasure and 
usefulness for about the space of 
'seven years ; when in consequence 
of the death of Mr. Plant, he was 
invited in 1695, to become elder 
of the General Baptist Church in 
Paul's- Alley, Barbican, which had 
been vacant about two years. Mr. 
Allen was unwilling to desert his 
little congregation at Turner's Hall, 
but at the same time not willing 
to disappoint the wishes of the 
Barbican people, it was unani- 
mously agreed that both churches 
should unite, and assemble for the 
future in the Barbican. The union 
took place accordingly, on Wed- 
nesday June the 12th, 1695, which 
was kept as a day of solemn prayer 
to God for his blessing upon the 
united congregation." (Wilson 
quotes penes me) *• The prac- 
tice of singing in public worship 
was at this time introduced into 
the church at Barbican; Mr. Allen 
was a warm advocate for this plea- 
surable part of christian worship, 
and the following year published 
an Essay in vindication of the prac- 
tice. It is not undeserving obser- 
vation, that the custom of singing 
in public worship, met with much 
opposition about a century ago,'* 
(i. e. 100 years before 1808) " more 
especially among the Baptists; and 
though the prejudices of former 
days are in a great measure over- 
come, yet there are some societies 
of that persuasion in the country, 
who to the present day, continue 
to disallow the practice. Mr. Allen 
continued to approve himself the 
faithful and diligent pastor of this 
church for nearly two and twenty 
years. He did not confine his ser- 
vices to the pulpit, but extended 



20 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



his labours of love to the" indivi- 
duals of his congregation at their 
own private habitations; visiting 
and relieving the sick, composing 
diflferences amongst his own peo- 
ple, and admonishing such as ab- 
sented themselves from their usual 
places at public worship on the 
Lord's day. He maintained a strict,- 
yet laudable discipline in his church, 
and preserved a large congregation 
to the time of his death. As a 
preacher, his discourses were reck- 
oned ingenious and useful ; and in 
the walks of private life, he pre- 
served the character of a pious 
man. Although he went under 
the denomination of a General 
Baptist, he conversed chiefly with 
the ministers of the particular per- 
suasion, and was with his church, 
admitted into their association at 
London, in the year 1704. He was 
also for some years, a member of 
the society of Calvinistical minis- 
ters, that met every week at the 
Hanover CoffSse-house, in Finch's- 
Lane. His sentiments of religious 
truth were formed after a careful 
and diligent investigation ; though 
moderate, they embraced the fun- 
damental principles of the gospel, 
and his generous mind could not 
allow itself to be shackled to a 
party. He preserved a long and 
endearing friendship with the ex- 
cellent Mr. Joseph Stennett, an 
eminent minister among the parti- 
cular Baptists, who was for some 
time his colleague in the ministry 
at Barbican. It was Mr. Allen's 
happiness to be continued in his 
work till within a few months of 
his dissolution; which took place 
Feb. 20th, 1717, when he was 
considerably advanced in years, 
though his exact age does not ap- 
pear. His remains after being car- 



ried to Mr. Mulliner's meeting- 
house in White's Alley, was re- 
moved for interment to the Dis- 
senters' burial ground, Bunhill- 
fields, being accompanied thither 
by a great number of ministers and 
other spectators. Mr. Mulliner 
delivered a short discourse on mor- 
tality at the grave ; and on the 
following Lord's day Mr. Nathaniel 
Hodges preached the funeral ser- 
mon at Mr. Allen's meeting-house 
in Barbican." This memoir of Mr. 
Allen is extracted from " The His- 
tory and Antiquities of Dissenting 
Churches and Meeting-Houses in 
London^ Westminster and South- 
wark ; including the lives of their 
Ministers^ from the rise of rfoncon^ 
formity to the present time^ Sfc.^ 
in four volum^Sy by Walter Wil- 
son, of the Inner Temple^ London^ 
1808, vol. 1., p. 236, 241. This 
work contains the history of more 
than sixty Baptist Churches and 
their ministers, all of which will 
appear remodelled and digested ac- 
cording to the general divisions 
and alphabetical arrangement a- 
dopted by the author of the Bap- 
tist Cyclopaedia, in a form more 
suited to reference than in the ori- 
ginal, and isolated from other 
churches and ministers more nu- 
merous in Wilson, and not Baptist, 
and constituting only a moiety of 
the matter of the Baptist Cyclo- 
paedia. Mr. Allen will receive 
further notice under the Articles of 
the churches with which he stood 
connected, when they shall be 
reached in alphabetical order. Mr. 
Allen was also author of 

1. An Essay to prove singing of 
Psalms with conjoined voices a 
Christian duty, and to resolve the 
doubt concerning it. 8vo. 1690. 

2. A brief Vindication of an Es- 



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OYCLOPiEDIA. 



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21 



Dissenting denying 



say to prove singing of Psalms, &c 
8vo., 1696. 

3. A gainful Death the end of a 
truly Christian Life ; a Sermon at 
the Funeral of Mr. John Griffith. 
8vo., 1700. 

4. A Discourse of the Death of 
King WUliam III. 4to., 1702 

5. A Sermon on the Union of 
England and Scotland. 8vo., 1707. 

6. Biographia Ecclesiastica ; or 
the Lives of the most eminent Fa- 
thers of the Christian Church, who 
flourished in the first four centu- 
ries, and part of the fifth ; 2 vols. 
Bvo. This is without name." 

Hist, and Antiquities^ 
Churches, by Walter Wilson^ 1808~ 
vol 3, o. 241. 

ALLEN, William. No less than 
ten persons of this name are men- 
tioned as Authors in Bihliotheca 
Britannica. One of these D.D. 
Vicar of Bridgewater, Somerset- 
shire, England, has under his 
name a considerable catalogue 
of works, among which one may 
be noted as appropriate for this 
article, viz.: * ^A Friendly Ad- 
dress to Non-Conformists, begin- 
ning with the Anabaptists, Lond. 
1676, 8vo. One other may not be 
omitted : " A Friendly call to Unity 
directed to all Dissenters. Lond. 
1679, 8vo." 

ALLEN, Rev. William. The 
Art in this work Lotiibury Bap- 
tist Church, may be so far antici- 
pated as to introduce from Walter 
Wilson as quoted under the head 
of ALLEN, Richard, the following 
from vol. 2, p. 446, 447, where he 
says : " Crosby speaks of a people 
that met in Lothbury, of whom 
Mr. Thomas Lamb, and Mr. Wil- 
LiAM Allen were joint-pastors. Of 
these Mr. Baxter has given the fol- 
lowing account. " There were two 



very sober men in London, Mr. 
Lamb, and Mr. Allen, who were 
pastors of an Anabaptist Separated 
Church. The wife of one of them, 
an extraordinary intelligent wo- 
man, wrote me a letter, that her hus- 
band was in troubled thoughts not 
about Anabaptistry, but about 
separation upon that account ; and 
that if I would write to him 
now it would do him good. Which 
I did, and gave him many argu- 
ments to prove, that thougii he 
should continue in his opinion 
against infant baptism, yet he. 
ought not to make it a reason for 
communion with his breth- 
ren of another mind. These argu- 
ments met with thoughts of his 
own that tended the same way, 
and in conclusion he was satisfied. 
Afterwards the same woman per- 
suaded me to try Mr. Allen cdso, 
who in conclusion was satisfied, 
and they dissolved their church. 
When this was done, the men be- 
ing of extraordinary decision and 
understanding, were very zealous 
for the reduction of their brethren 
of the Anabaptists' way ; and to 
that end, they had a meeting with 
divines of the most moderate pas- 
tors of the rebaptized churches, 
and they desired my proposals, or 
terms, on which we might hold 
peace and communion with them." 
(See Sylvester's Life of Baxter, 
part ii. p. 180.) " After the Res- 
toration those two men conformed 
to the Church of England, and be- 
came very zealous against separ- 
ation." 

This appears by another quota- 
tion from Mr. Baxter. "Two old 
friends that I had a hand hereto- 
fore in turning from Anabaptistry 
and separation, Mr. Thomas Lamb, 
and Mr. William Allen, that fol- 



22 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ab 



lowed Mr. John Goodwin, and af- 
terwards became pastor of an An- 
abaptist Church, fell on writing 
against separation more strongly 
than the conformable clergy ; but 
in sense of their old error, run now 
into the other extreme, especially 
Mr. Lamb, and wrote against our 
gathering assemblies and preach- 
ing when we were silenced." SyU 
vester^s Life of Baxter^ part Hi, p. 
180. See also Art. LAMB, Thom- 
as. From the coincidences, it is 
not improbable that this article and 
that preceding immediately above 
refer to the same person. 

ALLELE, Ira M., late Corres- 
ponding Secretary of the American 
Baptist Tract Society, Philadelphia, 
published in 1833, The American 
Baptist Triennial Register, and 
another in 1836. These works con- 
tained a vast amount of statistical 
and miscellaneous matter exceed- 
ingly valuable to the denomination. 

ALLEN, John. Walter Wilson 
in noticing the Particular Baptist 
Church in Petticoat-Lane, South- 
wark, England, says : " Mr. Davis 
had not been dead long before the 
church turned their attention to 
Mr. Allen. On the 24th of July, 
1763, they transmitted a letter to 
the church at Bewdley, requesting 
information as to Mr. Allen's char- 
acter ; and being satisfied with the 
answer, he was ordained over them 
January 8, 1764. He had been 
a preacher, however, some years 
before this, and appears to have 
been settled at Salisbury. It was 
during that period that he publish- 
ed his " Royal Spiritual Magazine; 
or. Christian's Grand Treasure," in 
3 vols, octavo, 1752. Upon his 
settlement in London, he took a 
Shop in Shoreditch, and commenc- 
ed business as a linen-draper : But 



in this pursuit he failed. After 
this he was taken up for forgery, 
and tried at the Old Bailey, but 
acquitted. Having involved him- 
self in debt, he was afterwards 
confined for some time in King's 
Bench. May 17, 1767, he ceased 
preaching in Petticoat-Lane, and 
the church withdrew from him on 
account of his conduct in the world. 
He then returned to Broadstairs, 
near New Castle, where he settled 
with a congregation; but his be- 
haviour was so bad, that the peo- 
ple were obliged to dismiss him. 
After this he went to New York 
in the American States, and preach- 
ed to a large congregation there 
till his death. He was a man of 
abilities but vastly imprudent, and 
it is to be feared, deficient in prin- 
ciple. His religious sentiments 
were High Calvinism, with which 
he united an attachment to some 
of the opinions of John Hutchison. 
He was a warm advocate for the 
pre-existent scheme, in opposition 
to most Trinitarians. Whilst in 
London, notwithstanding his en- 
gagements in trade, he found leisure 
to compose, and to publish various 
pieces, to which he generally pre- 
fixed titles of suflicient length. 
The first of these was, " A Chain 
of Truths : or, a Dissertation upon 
the Harmony of the Gospel : De- 
livered as a Compendium of Faith, 
before many Witnesses at the Bap- 
tist Church in Boar's-yard, Petti- 
coat-Lane, where there is a Lecture 
upon Cases of Conscience, every 
Sabbathday evening at six o'clock. 
By J. Allen, a strict Trinitarian, 
Author of the Spiritual Dialogue 
in the Spiritual Magazine. Deliv- 
ered at his Ordination, and publish- 
ed by Request, 1764." In 1765, 
he published a piece on the Trini- 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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23 



rarian Controversy, entitled, " The 
Beatitudes of Truth Vindicated." 
In the same year the Christian Pil- 
grim ; or the Travels of the Chil- 
dren of Israel Spiritualized." Soon 
afterwards there appeared "A Com- 
pendious Descant of the Autogeni- 
al and Theanthropos Glories of 
Christ ; or, the Crown of Crowns 
set upon the head of King Jesus : 
Wherein is displayed his Glory as 
Jehovah by Nature, and his Media- 
torial Glories as the Messiah and 
Saviour of his People. Together 
with a Letter to an Arian, by John 
Macgowan." Another of his works 
is entitled, " The Door of Know- 
ledge opened in a Spiritual Com- 
panion ; or, the Operation of War 
divinely improved." In 1770, he 
published, " The Spirit of Liberty: 
or, Junius's Loyal Address," &cg. &c. 
a title that on account of its length 
reminds us of our old friend Wm. 
Prynne. In this last book of Al- 
len's there are characters of many 
Baptist preachers in his time. Most, 
if not all, of these pieces have been 
reprinted more than once, and are 
of high repute among persons of 
supra-lapsarian sentiments. It had 
almost escaped us to mention, that 
Mr. Allen wrote " Notes upon the 
Bible, in two volumes folio, which 
have also been reprinted. Some of 
his works have been published with 
recommendations by the late Mr. 
Romaine, a very worthy Clergy- 
man, of the Church of England, 
but not the most judicious writer 
or recommender of works." Wal- 
TEK Wilson's Hist. Dissent. Chur- 
chesj vol. 4, p. 426, 427, 428. See 
Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. 

" ANDERSON, William. This 
worthy man was called into the 
ministry of Dr. Gill's church," 
(London) "and being invited to 



succeed Mr. Morton at Glass-house 
Street, was ordained there, 12th 
May, 1743. At the time of his 
settlement the interest was in a 
very low state, but by his exertions 
he raised it into a flourishing Soci- 
ety. After a few years a new 
meeting-house was built for him 
in Grafton-street, to which he con- 
tributed largely himself, and whi- 
ther the congregation moved about 
the year 1750. History and Anti- 
quities of Dissenting Churches, by 
Walter Wilson, vol. 1, p. 43. See 
also Art. KeppeUstreet in this work. 
AXTELL, Lady. This eminently 
pious, and distinguished Baptist 
lady was, according to Morgan Ed- 
wards, Wood Furman, and David 
Benedict, one of the original con- 
stituent members of the First Bap- 
tist Church, in Charleston, South 
Carolina, constituted in 1683. She 
must have been exceedingly ad- 
vanced in age when she emigrated 
to the Province of South Carolina. 
She was the mother of Mrs. Sa- 
muel Blake. Her daughter was 
also a Baptist, and one of the ori- 
ginal members of the church in 
1683. Her daughter Elizabeth 
married about 1685, Mr. Joseph 
Moreton, who was two or three 
several times Governor of the Pro- 
vince. Her son Joseph, who was 
a Presbyterian, was also Governor 
of the Province two or three terms. 
There is in Oldmixon, a curious 
letter written by old Mrs. Blake, 
during Governor Archdale's ad- 
ministration, who was a Quaker, to 
the Lords Proprietors in London, 
which will be given in the Article 
of this work, Blake Samuel, which 
see. As Lady Axtell doubtless ac- 
companied her daughter and son- 
in-law, old Mr. Samuel Blake, Old- 
mixon's statement of the causes 



24 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ae 



which led to his emigration will 
here he inserted from " Historical 
Collections of South Carolina by 
B. R. Carroll;' w/. 2, p. 406. "Ife 
(Grovemor West) was removed in 
the year 1683, and Joseph Moreton 
Esq., appointed in his stead. 'Twas 
ahout this time, that the Persecu- 
tion raised hy the Popish Faction, 
and their Adherents in England, 
against the Protestant Dissenters, 
was at its height, and no part of 
this kingdom" (this is Carroll's re- 
port of Oldmixon) " suffered more 
than Somersetshire. The Author of 
this History" (Oldmixon) " lived at 
this time with Mr. BlaJce, brother 
to the famous General of that 
name," (Sir Francis Blake, or Ad- 
miral Blake) ^' being educated by 
his son-in-law, who taught school 
in Bridgewater; and remembers, 
though then very young, the rea- 
sons old Mr. Blake used to give for 
leaving England: one of which 
was, That the miseries they en- 
dur'd, meaning the Dissenters then, 
were nothing to what he foresaw 
would attend the reign of a Popish 
successor; wherefore he resolved to 
remove to Carolina : And he had 
so great an Interest among Persons 
of his principles, I mean Dissenters, 
that many honest substantial per- 
sons engaged to go over with him. 
I must prevent all prejudice to 
what I have said, by declaring that 
this book is written by one who is 
not himself a Dissenter, but verily 
believes, the true Church of Eng- 
land is the most orthodox, and the 
most pure church in the world." 
See in this work articles Blake 
Samuelj Blake Old Mrs., Blake 
Joseph, Moreton Elizabeth, and 
Charleston First Baptist Church, 
also Bridgewater, Somersetshire, 
Eng. 



ANDREWS, Rev. Elisha. Au- 
thor of— 1. "A Vindication of the 
distinguishing sentiments of the 
Baptists against the writings of 
Messrs. Cowles, Miller, and Ed- 
wards. By Rev. Elisha Andrews, 
Boston, 1805. 

2. Brief Reply to BirkerstaflTs 
Short Epistle to the Baptists. Sut- 
ton, Mass., 8vo., 1810. 

3. Strictures on Rev. C. Brook's 
Essay in favor of Christian Com- 
munion. Worcester. 12mo. 

"Other works," says Benedict, 
" on these subjects were probably 
issued by Mr. Andrews — none of 
them have I been able to obtain, 
and all I know about them, is from 
advertisements in other works re- 
specting them. Gen. Hist. Bap. 
Denom. ed. 1848, p. 212, 213. 

ABEL, Ephraim. "Although," 
says that good minister of Jesus 
Christ, Mr. Jas. B. Taylor, "he 
whose character is now to receive 
attention, was one of the most 
useful men of his day, his memory 
had well nigh perished. While 
other men less humble and devot- 
ed have bee^i admired, and have 
had their names handed down to 
the present age, no one seems, 
hitherto, to have taken pains to 
record the labors of Ephraim Abel. 
His most enduring record is on 
high, and if in the Lamb's book of 
life his name be found, it is of com- 
paratively little moment, though 
the generation in which he moved 
on earth, should ungratefully neg- 
lect him. His native place was 
the county of Orange, where his 
heart was subdued to the obedi- 
ence of faith, and where he was 
baptized by John Leland, not far 
from the year 1788. Very soon 
after his connexion with the Baptist 
Church, he commenced his min- 



As 



CYOLOP-BDIA. 



Ab 



2ff 



igterial conrBe. . After his ordi- 
nation he removed to Faquier 
County. He was soon called 
to the pastorate of Hartwood 
in Stafford, and it is believed he 
also took charge of Brentwood in 
Prince William. Beside this, he 
laboured much in Faquier County. 
The following testimony to the ex- 
cellence of Elder Abel's character, 
and the success of his toils, is borne 
by (me of the most judicious breth- 
ren of the upper country, who, for 
a series of years, was intimately 
acqainted with him. ^ He was a 
man possessing great worth of mor- 
al charaeter, exerting an extensive 
and happy influence upon the com- 
munities in which he lived, cor- 
recting with great judgment and 
tenderness the improprieties of the 
brotherhood, and giving, by his 
amiable and pious life, a mighty 
sanction to the truths which he 
diligently propagated for many 
years. He is most affectionately re- 
membered by a few surviving breth- 
ren. He died universally lament- 
ed about 1809. When Fristoe's 
Ketockton History appeared a few 
years after, it was a matter of pro- 
found astonishment that elder A- 
bel's name was not noticed accord- 
ing to his claims upon the historian. 
That historian with all his native 
greatness, and gracious goodness, 
was accustomed to rate men low, 
who did not spend a large portion 
of their time, in degrading (ideal) 
Arminianism. This, the subject 
of these remarks, thought was best 
done by preaching Christ and him 
crucified. The spirit of the age in 
which he lived, led almost all men 
into bitter controversy in the pul- 
pit. Such was the meekness of 
his spirit, aud the philanthropy of 
his heart, that he preferred avoid- 



ing the theatre where he was like- 
ly, by circumstances, to have his 
soul brought under a sectarian in- 
fluence of a controversial charac- 
ter ; hence, he seldom visited asso- 
ciations. His views of truth were 
of that kind, which tend eminent- 
ly to degrade human nature, and 
exalt the riches of divine grace. 
There was a lovely proportion in 
his character which commended 
itself to those who knew him best, 
as the result of a supernatural in- 
fluence. Many were brought in 
under his ministry, and inrtancas 
are still occurring which attest the 
fact, that the Lord used him as an 
instrument of sowing seed to spring 
up long after he had entered upon 
the joys of a better state. He left 
several children ; most of them are 
professors of religion. The field of 
his labour was extensive, he being 
for many years the only minister 
of our denomination for a large dis- 
trict of country. He was removed 
from earth by a lingering disease. 
His soul was calm, his faith unwav- 
ering, till he gently fell asleep in 
the arms of Jesus. It was said by 
those who knew, that it was truly 
delightful to be with him during 
illness. He expressed anxiety about 
the condition of his churches, and 
desired the brethren to meet togeth- 
er and keep up the worship of God. 
This was done as he desired until 
a successor was obtained.' From 
this extract the reader may justly 
infer that Elder Abel was, as a man 
and minister, well qualified to ex- 
ert a salutary influence among the 
circles in which he moved. May 
not the fervent prayer be offered up 
to the Lord of the harvest, that he 
would multiply many such labor- 
ers." Taylor's Lives of Virginia 
Bap.Min., 2d Ed.l8S8jp. 244-246. 






26 



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HAYNE8* BAPTIST 



Ae 



ALDERSON, John, Sen.--" No 
man of his day was more distin- 
guished among the Baptists than he 
whose name precedes this sketch. 
He was one of the earliest evan- 
gelical preachers of Western Vir- 
ginia. To him are many of the 
churches indebted under God for 
their existence and growth. He 
was born in Yorkshire, England, 
and came to this coutry when quite 
young. The circumstances under 
which he left his native land were 
peculiar. His father, a minister 
of useful talents, and respectable 
character, opposed with consider- 
able violence, a matrimonial con- 
nexion he was about to form. To 
direct the attention of his son from 
this alliance, he prevailed on him 
to travel, and furnished him with a 
horse and requisite funds. In a 
short time these means were ex- 
hausted, and the prodigal was at 
length bound on board a vessel, 
which brought him, without the 
consent or knowledge of his par- 
ents, to America. On arriving in 
this country, he was hired by the 
captain for his passage money to a 
respectable farmer of New Jersey, 
by the name of Curtis. He after- 
wards married his daughter, and 
was highly respected by all with 
whom he became acquainted. A 
short period subsequent to his mar- 
riage, the subduing grace of God 
arrested him. He become a joyful 
believer in Christ Jesus and was 
baptized in his name. With his 
characteristic energy, he at once 
began to recommend the Saviour 
to others. Having removed to Ger- 
mantown, Pennsylvani|i, he contin- 
ued in that vicinity to preach the 
gospel until the year 1755, when 
he removed to the county of Rock- 
ingham, Virginia. Upon his settle- 



ment in this state, he applied him- 
self to the work of the ministry, 
and within twelve months a Bap- 
tist Church was constituted, called 
Smith's and Lynville-creek Church, 
in the county of Rockingham. In 
the year 1781, about nine years 
after his removal, he was called to 
the rest of heaven." Taylor* s Vir- 
ginia Baptist Ministers J p, 21. 

ALDERSON, John, Jr. The 
son of the person noticed in the 
preceding article, was born 5th 
March, 1738, O. S. in New Jersey. 
When Western Virginia was al- 
most a wilderness, when the sub- 
ject of this article was about the 
age of seventeen, his father settled 
as pastor of Lynville Baptist Church 
in Rockingham County, Virginia. 
In a journey soon after in company 
with others, the discovery of the 
Burning-Spring, near Charleston. 
Va., excited the travellers on an ex- 
ploring expedition. He married Miss 
Mary Carrol, when about twenty- 
one. His bereavement of an .only 
daughter after the middle period 
of his life, abstracted his mind from 
undue attachment to*the world, and 
concentrated it upon Christ and his 
Cross. "My father being much 
from home," he says, " and I being 
his oldest son, much dependence 
was placed on me, to take care of 
the farm ; so that I had very little 
opportunity to learn. The chief 
books I read were the Bible and 
the Baptist Catechism ; which last 
I memorized ; and not only said it 
over at school, but also in the pub- 
lic congregation, on Sundays, after 
sermon. By these means I was 
kept from all gross immoralities. 
By an expression dropped from my 
father, after I had recovered from 
a very severe sickness, my mind 
was solemnly impressed. After 



Ae 



CYCLOPJSDIA. 



Ae' 



27 



passing through a painful and te- 
dious law- work, in which I would 
make resolutions and then hreak 
them, I hecame more deeply con- 
cerned. I sought the Lord with my 
whole heart, and, ultimately, obtain- 
ed comfort, great comfort by reflec- 
tion on these words : — " Ye are built 
upon the foundation of the apostles 
and prophets, Jesus Christ himself 
being the chief corner stone." He 
was baptized by his father who 
was deeply solicitous for his call to 
the ministry. Respecting his vo- 
cation his own words are : " After 
many doubts as to my conversion, 
I began at last to be exercised about 
preaching. At first, I thought it 
impossible that so weak a creature 
as I, could be called to preach ; 
but being pe'Tsuaded at last, by 
many divine tokens, that it was 
the will of God, I entered upon the 
solemn work." He succeeded his 
father as pastor of Lynville Church, 
where he was ordained in October, 
1755, upon his father's removal to 
Bottetourt County. In 1777 he 
removed to Greenbrier County, now 
Monroe, and* settled on Greenbrier 
River. On the 24th Nov. 1781, he 
formed the Greenbrier Church with 
twelve members, which was the 
first Baptist Church constituted in 
Western Virginia. This church, 
which experienced revivals in 1785, 
and in 1791, spread itself over the 
whole tract of country now em- 
braced in Greenbrier Association. 
At the last named date it consisted 
of only 36 members, 24 of whom 
only had been baptized after its 
constitution. Mr. Alderson not 
unfrequently had of necessity to 
be attended by a guard of armed 
soldiery to protect him and his con- 
gregation from the attacks of the 
Indians. About 18 miles from him 



was eventually constituted Indian 
Creek Church, to which he preach- 
ed, and also Big Levels shared in 
his occasional visitations. He was 
bereft of his consort, a pious mem- 
ber of Greenbrier Church, in 1805. 
He was always punctual in his 
attendance upon his appointments, 
and at the association, after its for- 
mation, of which he was annually 
chosen moderator. His last appear- 
ance at any public meeting was at 
Greenbrier Church, when the as- 
sociation met there. A brother of 
the Methodist Church in relating 
his experience, on offering himself 
as a candidate for baptism, in the 
church of which Mr. Alderson was 
pastor, referred pathetically to him 
as the means of his conversion, 
upon which Mr. Alderson in ecsta- 
cy poured forth his joy in a most 
hortatory appeal to the congrega- 
tion. He died 5th of March, 1821. 
Of the Baptist Ministers of West- 
ern Virginia, he was the chief. 
Universally esteemed and beloved, 
he was a man eminently endowed 
by nature, abundant in labors and 
extensively useful. For a more 
full sketch : see Taylor's Virginia 
Baptist Ministers^ p. 150. 

ALDERSON, James O. A Bap- 
tist minister of Western Virginia ; 
born October 1800, in Kenhawa 
county; died of consumption 13th 
April, 1832. After the death, of 
his father, George Alderson, son of 
Rev. John Alderson, which hap- 
pened when he was about four 
years old, his mother, Sarah Aider- 
son, removed to Monroe County in 
the vicinity of Greenbrier, where, 
after marrying at the age of 25, 
when 27, he was baptized, and 
after preaching a year, was ordain- 
ed September 1830, and labored in 
1831 as Missionary in Greenbrier 



A 



28 



HAYNE8' BAPTIST 



Association, under the control of 
the Va. Genl. Com. baptizing 
during the year 180 ; amid expo- 
sures and fatigues which may have 
contributed to his last illness. 
His death, after some clouds 
had first overhung his future pros- 
pects, was in the fulness of faith. 
He left a family consisting of his 
wife and three children. The seals 
to his ministry will be jewels in 
his crown at the resurrection of the 
just and faithful. See Taylor^ s 
Va. Bap. Min's. p. 490. 

ANGLESEA, Island, Wales. 
For some historical notice of the 
Baptist interest here, see Art. with 
same title in the Historical Gazet- 
teer, of Baptist Cyclopaedia. 
ABERGAVENNY College, Efig- 
land, Baptist. See title in Histo- 
rical Gazetteer in this work. Such 
articles will not hereafter be noted 
in this part of the Baptist Cyclo- 
paedia. 

ALDEN, Rev. Noah. All that 
we can with facility gather con- 
cerning this great and good man, 
at present, is from Backus and Be- 
nedict. He was a member of the 
Convention which formed the State 
Constitution of Massachusetts, and 
also of the Congress which adopted 
the Constitution of the United 
States. Under the head of Bel- 
lingham Church, in Worcester 
Association, Massachusetts, Bene- 
dict, in his Oen. Hist. Bap. De- 
nom.j &c.ed. 1848, pp. 416, 417, 
gives the following account of him 
quoted from Rev. Mr. Fisher^ s Dis- 
course. "Rev. Noah Alden, from 
Stafford, was his," (Elnathan 
Wight's) "successor," (at Belling- 
ham) " and was installed in 1766. 
This elder's name frequently occurs 
in Baptist affairs about this time. 
His ministry was about thirty 



years; » sure indication that it 
was acceptable to the people. 
While the strong arm of ecclesias- 
tical domination, was extended 
over the whole country, Mr. Alden 
was the firm and steady coadjutor 
of Mr. Backus, in the small com- 
pany in and about Boston, who put 
forth all their eflbrts in the Baptist 
cause. When the constitution of 
this commonwealth was formed," 
(Massachusetts) " he was the dele- 
gate from this town, (Bellingham) 
" to the Convention called for that 
purpose. In this transaction he 
occupied a conspicuous place. He 
was the most able and active friend 
of religious liberty in that body. 
To secure that object, he exerted 
himself to the utmost of his abili- 
ties. He had powerful opponents, 
who used their influence and much 
intrigue to prevent what he so 
much desired, and what was right- 
eous in itself. Although he gained 
not all he desired, he nevertheless 
gained much. The article on this 
subject was by no means so objec- 
tionable as it might have been, had 
his most violent opponents suc- 
ceeded in gaining what they de- 
sired. In rekition to this subject 
the friends of religious liberty owe 
much to Mr. Alden. He was also a 
member of the Convention to which 
was submitted the Constitution of 
the United States," (Century Ser- 
mon, pp. 9, 14, 22.) For many 
years Bellingham was the favorite 
resort of the few Baptist ministers 
in the country. Here the Warren 
Association often held its annual 
meetings for counsel and advice, in 
all matters of trial and difficulty. 
For some time after the death of 
Mr. Allen, this ancient body was 
in circumstances of difficulty and 
division, mostly respecting a sue- 



Ai 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Ax 



29 



cessor, and for a few years it ^ased 
to operate in a church capacity. 
Dr. Kendrick, now President of Ma- 
dison University, the Baptist insti- 
tution of New York, was Mr. AU 
den's successor for two years." See 
Art. Bellingham, in our Gazetteer 
in this work. 

ANTIP^DOBAPTISM. For 
Authors under this head, see in this 
work Articles, Tombes, John B. D., 
DoRE, Rev. James, Edwards Peter, 
KiNGHORN Joseph, and Arts. Bap- 
tism, Baptist, Pcedobaptist, Cum 
multis aliis. 

ANTIP-^DOBAPTISTS. See 
Arts. Tombes, John,B.J),j Eltring- 
ham, Williams, Priestly,Rev. Josiah 
L. L. D., et aliter, in this work. 

ALTING, Henry. An eminent 
German Divine, born at Embden, 
1583, died 1644. He wrote Notae 
in decadem problematum Johannis 
Behm de glorioso Dei et Beatorum 
CobIo. Heidelberg, 1618. Loci 
Communes. Amst. 1644, 4to. His- 
toria Ecclesia Palatina. Amst. 
1644, 4to. Franc. M. 1702, 4to. 
Scriptorum Theologicorum Heidel- 
bergensium. Friestadii, 1646, 2 
vols. 4to. Amst. 1646, 4to. Bib- 
uotheca Britannica. Booth, in 
his Paedohaptism Examined, 
quotes as follows : 

"The word baptism, properly 
signifies immersion ; improperly, 
by a metonomy of the end, 
washing.^^ Loci Commun. Pars, 
i. Loc. xii. p. 198. Booth P. E. 
p. 19. London edition. 1784. 

" As, in ancient times, the per- 
sons to be baptized were immersed 
into water, continued under water, 
and emerged out of the water. 
Matt. iii. 16 ; Acts viii. 38 ; so 
the old man in them died and was 
buried, and the new man rose 
again, Rom. vi. 4 ; Col. ii; 12. As, 



now the persons to be baptized are 
sprinkled with water, so they are 
sprinkled with the blood and spirit 
of Christ, to the washing away of 
sin. Acts xxii. 16 ; Ephes. v. 25. 
26 ; Heb. ix. 14." Loci Commun. 
Pars. i. Loc. xii. p. 200. Explicat. 
Catechis. Palat. Pars. ii. Quaest. 
Ixix. p. 311, 312. Booth. Paedo- 
baptism Examined, p. 57. 

" This baptismal washing in 
warm countries and ancient times, 
was performed by immersion into 
water, a continuance under water, 
and an emersion out of water ; as 
the practice of John the Baptist, 
Matt. iii. 6, 16 ; John iii. 23 ; of 
Christ's Apostles, John iii. 22 ; and 
iv. 1, 2 ; and of Philip, Acts viii. 
38 ; and also the signification of 
these rites teach, Rom. vi. 4. Loci 
Commun. Pars i. Loc. xii. p. 199. 
Booth. Paedohaptism Examined 
p. 88. . 

" After briefly stating the argu- 
ments for immersion, and for 
sprinkling, he adds :" " We con- 
fess, first, that immersion was the 
?rior rite; because it was first used 
y John the Baptist and the Apos- 
tles. Secondly, it is also more ex- 
pressive on account of the distinct 
acts, Rom. vi." Theolog. Problem. 
Nov. Loc. xiv. Prob. xi. p. 637. 
Booth. Paedohaptism Examined, 
p. 128. 

" The baptismal washing, in 
warm countries and ancient times, 
was performed by immersion ; but 
now, especially in cold countries, 
it is performed by only sprinkling. 
— The cause of the alteration is, 
that immersion, which was used 
in the warm Eastern and Southern 
countries, is less convenient in the 
cold Western and Northern clim- 
ates : where there is danger of 
health from immersion, especially 



30 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Ai 



of infants. And therefore that 
rule is here in force ; / will have 
mercy and not sa/:rificer Loci 
Commun. Pars. i. Loc. xii. p. 198, 
199. Theolog. Problem. Nov. Loc. 
xiv. Prob. xi. p. 657. Booth. Pae- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 135. 

"The Baptism of Infants is a 
reasonable service, founded upon 
Scripture and undoubted Apostoli- 
cal tradition. "Henry Alting 
denied the very existence of such a 
tradition further than it is contain- 
ed in Scripture." Loci Commun. 
Pars. ii. p. 287. Booth. Paedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 417. 

"AMPSINGIUS, or Ampsing, 
John Assueeus, a native of the pro- 
vince of Over Yssel ; died at Ros- 
tock, 1642, aged 83. — Wrote, Dis- 
sertatio Tatromathematica. Ros- 
tock, 1602, 1618, 4to., 1629, 8vo. 
In this he prefers Medicine and 
Astronomy to all other Sciences, 
and contends for the necessity of 
their union in the Healing Art. — 
De Morborum differentis 1619. 
Rost. 1623, 8vo. In this work his 
practice appears more rational than 
his theory. — Oratio de Thebiaca 
Senioris Andromachi. Rost. 1611, 
1618, 4to. — Theses de Alopecia et 
Ophiasa. Rost. 1616."— But the 
work which chiefly deserves notice 
in this place is entitled : — " Disput a- 

TIONES TrES CoNtRA AnABAPTISTAS. 

LuDG. Bat. 1619, 8vo." See 
Bibliotheca Britannica. 

" AINSWORTH, Henry, an em- 
inent Non-conformist Divine of the 
sect called Brownists, flourished in 
the end of the 16th and beginning 
of the 17th centuries; died 1622. 
— Author of the following works — 
A Confession of Faith of the people 
called Brownists, 1602, in conjunc- 
tion with Johnson. — Refutation of 
H. N. his Epistle to the Daughters 



of Warwick, Amst. 1608, 4to.— A 
Counter Poison against Bemaid 
and Crashaw. Lond. 1608, 4to.- 
1612. — Annotations upon the 
Psalms. Lond. 1612, ito."TreatiH 
of the Communion of Saints. Lond. 
1615, 8vo. 3s. 6d. Edin. 1789, 12mo. 
— The Trying out of the truth be- 
tween John Ainsworth, and Henry 
Ainsworth the one pleading for, the 
other against Popery, 1615, 4to. — 
Annotations on the Book of Deu- 
teronomy. Lond. 1619, 4to. 3s.— 
A Reply to the Pretended Chris- 
tian Plea for the Antichristian 
Church of Rome, 1620. Annota- 
tions upon the Pentateuch. Lond. 
1621, 2 vols. 4to., 1627, folio. 
— Certain Notes of his Last Ser- 
mon on 1st Peter, ii. 4, 5. Lond. 

1639, fol. Dr. Doddridge says that 
this is a good book, full of very 
valuable Jewish Learning. — Ai 
Arrow against Idolatry. Lond. 

1640, 8vo.-.-Translation of the 
Psalms into Verse and Prose, with 
Annotations. Lond. 1644, 8vo. — 
An . Answer upon a Dialogue of 
THE Anabaptists, called a Descrip- 
tion of what God hath predestined 
concerning man. Lond. 1644. 8vo. 
—Annotations on the Song of So- 
lomon. 1628. 4to. Included in his 
Ann. on the Pentateuch. Two 
Treatises, • the First, of the Com- 
munion of Saints, the Second, 
entitled an Arrow against Idolatry, 
&c., with some account of the Life 
and Writings of the Author. Edin. 
1792. 8vo. Bibliotheca Britan- 
nica. We find another work as- 
cribed to him by Brown in The 
Encyclopedia of Religious Know- 
ledge. " Treatise on the Fellow- 
ship that the faithful have with 
God, his angels, and with one 
another in this life." A most 
beautiful edition of his Annota- 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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31 



Hans in vol. 8vo. published Glas- 
gow, Edinburg, London, 1843, with 
a life of the Author prefixed, is be- 
fore us. It would be interesting, 
were it consonant with the design 
of this work, to enlarge upon the 
character of one so eminently iden- 
tified with the origin of the Puri- 
tans, and Independents, and Con- 
gregationalists. Some further no- 
tice of him will be taken in Art. 
SMYTH, John, and in our Gazet- 
teer under Art. Leyden, &c. How- 
ever long, the following quotation 
from him by Booth will be added. 

" That celebrated author, when 
exploding the Popish idolatry, de- 
tecting the artifices of its deluded 
votaries, and maintaining the prero- 
gative of God in opposition to their 
sophistry; represents the apostate 
son of Nebat as thus addressing the 
ten tribes, in order to quiet their 
minds, and conciliate their esteem, 
while he gave his royal sanction to 
outrageous violations of Jehovah's 
positive laws. " I see my course, 
O men of Israel, to be much sus- 
pected, if not wholly misliked, of 
many ; some thinking my cere 
monies to savor too rankly of 
heathen superstitions ; some charg- 
ing me plainly with flat apostacy 
and forsaking of God. But, the al- 
teration that I have made, is in mat- 
ters of circumstance, things merely 
ceremonial, whereof there is no 
express, certain, or permanent law 
given us of God ; and which are 
variable, as time, place, and person, 
give occasion, and such as good 
Kings have changed before, and 
have been blameless. 

" And, first, for the place where 
God is to be worshipped, which 
many now would have at Jerusa- 
lem only, I find the practice of our 
patriarch Abraham, and the Fa- 



thers following, to be far otherwise. 
They sacrificed to God, as occasion 
was offered, in every place they 
came ; so this superstition of tying 
God to one place, was not hatched 
in their days. After this, when our 
Fathers came out of Egypt, they 
offered sacrifices in the wilderness ; 
and, being come into this land, in 
how sundry places of it have they 
served God ? And shall we now 
grow so superstitious, as to bind 
God to any one place ? Nay, this 
is all the Lord's land, and his eyes 
are in every part of the same ; and 
it is not so material where we do 
worship, 6is whom we do worship^ 
and with what affection; for our 
God is near, in all times and places, 
to all that * call upon him in truth.' 
'^ But, it will be said, that Jeru- 
salem is the place which God hath 
chosen; promising unto Solomon, 
to put his name in the temple there 
forever, and that his eyes and his 
heart should be there perpetually. 
I answer ; the promise and cove- 
nant was conditional, if God's 
statutes and judgments were ob- 
served : for if they should turn 
away, and serve other gods, God 
said he would cast out of his 
sight, that house which he had 
hallowed for his name. And see 
we not, how Solomon forfeited 
his bond ? His wives turned his 
heart after other gods ; for ^ly^hich 
his wickedness God was angry, 
and hath rent his kingdom from 
his Son, and gave it to me. And 
now, that this Bethel, where I 
build a house to our God, is the 
place which he hath chosen to 
dwell therein, we may boldly say. 
They boast in Jerusalem, how their, 
temple standethupon Mt. Morijah, 
where Abraham our father offered 
his son Isaac (a type of the Mes- 



32 



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siah.) Here God appeared to our 
father Jacob, promising him the 
land and heirs to possess it: he 
then acknowledged how the Lord 
was' in this reverend place; that 
it was no other but the house of 
God, and the very gate of Heaven ; 
and thereupon gave it a new name, 
Bethely Gocts Iiouse. To go to 
Jerusalem it may prove perilous: 
Sure, it is overmuch for the people 
that dwell afar off, and seemeth to 
me altogether unreasonable. For 
may and ought not every prince 
and people, to serve God in their 
own c&untry ? Was there any be- 
fore me that might not do it ; and 
am I in more bondage than all ? 
Besides, who knoweth not the 
grudge that Rehoboam hath against 
us ? He counteth me and my peo- 
ple rebels ; and if he can get me 
within his dominion, he will surely 
cut off my head, and the heads of 
many more. And doth God, who 
desireth mercy rather than sacri- 
fice, require of men thus to run 
upon the sword's point, and endan- 
ger their lives without cause, and 
only for a circumstance oi place! 
I am not so weak of judgment as 
to think it, neither will I be so 
unwise, as to hearken to those Le- 
vites who kindle a fire of conten- 
tion among my subjects, and teach 
that we must all go up to Jeru- 
salem, or else we may offer no 
sacrifice to God. Believe them 
that list : I have otherwise learned 
the truth of the law ; and trust we 
shall so serve the \oxA. at home as 
will please him well enough." "For 
the worship that we here perform 
unto God, is for substance^ the 
same that himself commanded by 
Moses. We serve the same God 
that brought us up out of the land 
of Egypt ; and this is the first and 



great commandment, on which all 
other do depend. We hold the same 
article of our Messiah to come. K 
here it be said, we do against God, 
in making these golden figures, 
because he forbiddeth graven ima- 
ges to be made ; the answer is 
easy. God's meaning is, not to 
forbid all images simply ; but only 
idols^ that have divine worship 
done unto them— yet some think, 
that I gave the honor to them, 
that is due to the eternal and 
blessed God himself. But were I 
so minded, I should be indeed 
more brutish than a calf myself 
These priests of Levi are much to 
be pitied, that urge so the letter of 
the law, which I think they un- 
derstand not. They say it is writ- 
ten, Ye shall put nothing to the 
word that I command you nor take 
ought therefrom : but they mind 
not how this intendeth matters of 
faithj and doctrines fundamental^ 
which I willingly grant may in no 
wise be corrupted ; but ceremonies 
are variable, and circumstances 
may be changed upon every just 
occasion. The prophet that came 
out of Judah to Bethel, and gave 
there a sign, made some to 
think, I had sinned indeed. My- 
self, I confess, was somewhat 
moved, when I felt my arm 
withered ; but seriously weighing 
things after, as they were, I stayed 
my thoughts. For, I find, in the 
law, that a prophet may arise giv- 
ing a sign or wonder, which shall 
come to pass ; and yet his doctrine 
may be abominable, and God 
thereby proveth the hearts of his 
people. The enchanters of Egypt 
could also do miracles, even like 
unto Moses ; yet were they no 
ministers of the Lord. The abuse 
of God's name can go long un- 



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33 



punished; for it is a great sin: 
neither escaped this prophet due 
vengeance for his crime, but as he 
went homeward, he was slain by 
a lion. Well worthy end for such 
as dissemble the message of the 
Most High ! However, therefore, 
some think of this matter, I am 
not persuaded he was a man of 
God that came to so fearful a 
death." 

**But the death of mine own 
Son, Abijah, sat nearer me, and 
made me look narrowly into mine 
own actions, till I found indeed 
whereof to resolve. I sent mine 
own wife to Abijah the Prophet 
for counsel about him : but the 
choleric old man would not suffer 
her to speak, but, breaking out in 
heat and menaces, gave her an- 
swer before she eisked. It is easy 
to see his partial affection : he 
leaneth towards Judah, and speak- 
eth with bitterness against me, 
that never did him hurt. My son 
is dead and gone ; for his day was 
come. If he were cut off before 
his time, it was rather for his vice, 
than for his virtue. The prophet 
said, there was some goodness found 
in my son towards the Lord Crod of 
Israel; and, therefore, he must 
die. But doth the Lord use so to 
reward them that are good before 
him ? It is said, in the Scripture, 
of wickedness, that they shall not 
live out half their days : yet, now, 
this young man's death is brought 
as an argument to prove he was 
godly! Abijah, I perceive, is too 
old to be a seer any longer ; else 
could not have been so much over- 
seen in this new doctrine. God's 
law biddeth children honour their 
parents^ that their days may he 
long in the land; but this my 
child had his days shortened. 



doubtless for disobedience. My 
other sons consented to that which 
I did about religion ; and they 
live and prosper. He only would 
be more precise than his brethren, 
and his honor is laid in the dust. 
Thus I see in my house the pro- 
verb fulfilled ; 'the fear of the Lord 
increaseth the days ; but the years 
of the wickedness shall be dimin- 
ished.' Arrow against Idolatry^ 
chap. iii. p. 45, 65. See also Jose- 
PHus Antiq. of the Jews, Book viii., 
chap, iii., and Dr. Jenning's Jewish 
Antiq. vol. ii., p. 26, 27, 28. Booth, 
Psedobaptism Examined, p. 467, 
472. For the proper use and ap- 
plication of the above quotation 
from Ainsworth, the reader is re- 
ferred to Booth as above quoted, p. 
472. Hanbury's Hist. nem. 

ADDINGTON, Stephen, d.d., a 
Dissenting Clergyman, of consider- 
able learning, was born at North- 
ampton 1729 ; died 1796. Author 
of Dissertation of the Religious 
knowledge of the ancient Jews and 
Patriarchs ; to which is added, A 
Specimen of a Greek and English 
Concordance. Lond. 1757, 4to. 
Eusebius to Philetus ; or a Se- 
ries of Letters, from a Father to 
his Son, on a devout temper and 
life. Lond. 1761, 1766, 12mo. 
The Rudiments of the Greek 
tongue, collected and explained 
nearly on the plan of Mr. Rud- 
diman's Rudiments of the Latin. 
Lond. 1761, 12mo. A System of 
Arithmetic. Lond. 1765, 8vo. 
Treatise on Baptisms, or Reasons 
for Baptizing Infants, and for 
administering the Ordinance by 
Sprinkling or Pouring Water. 
Lond. 1774, 12mo. A Sum- 
mary of the Christian Minister's 
Reasons for Baptizing Infants, 
1776, 12mo. The Youth's Geo- 



34 



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graphical Grammar. Lond. 1770, 
8vo. A Practical Treatise on 
Afflictions ; to which is added, 
A Short Discourse upon Visiting 
the Sick. Lond. 1779, 12mo. 
The Life of Saint Paul the 
Apostle. Lond. 1784, 8vo. Max- 
ims, Religious and Prudential, 
with a Sermon to Young People. 
Lond. 12mo. Peace, the End of 
the Perfect and Upright Man, a 
Sermon occasioned hy the Death 
of William Ford. Lond. 1783, 8vo. 
This author is quoted by Booth. 
It certainly must be more satisfac- 
tory to the reader of quotations and 
concessions of learned Paedobap- 
tist authors to know something 
more of their character than the 
bare name and that furnished by 
the quotation, particularly the 
period in which they lived and 
date of the work quoted. In 
the present case the learning of the 
author is indicated by the character 
of his writings. The quotation of 
Booth follows : 

" If there are two translations of 
word, one of which is certainly true, 
and the other may he false, it is 
easy to see which the wise and 
candid would prefer." Christian 
Minister's Reas. p. 34, in Booth's 
Paedobap. Ex. p. 31. 

"We have not met with one 
text, in the whole Bible, that re- 
quires the inunersion of the whole 
body." Christian Minister's Rea- 
son, p. 146 in Booth's Paedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 41. 

" The supposition of Paul's 
alluding here (Rom. vi. 3, 4,) to 
the mode of immersion in baptism, 
as bearing a resemblance to the 
burial and resurrection of (Jesus) 
Christ is entirely founded on a mis- 
taken interpretation of the passage. 
Without referring in the least to 



that, or any other mode of adminis- 
tering the ordinance, Paul gives us 
an account of the nature and de- 
sign of it ; figuring, not any scenes 
through which our Redeemer pass- 
ed, but that great change on the 
heart of the true Christian convert, 
which is eflfected by the washing 
of regeneration." Christian Minist. 
Reas. p. 44, 45. Booth's Paedo- 
baptism Examined, p. 72. 

"A strong imagination, or a 
prejudiced mind, may find an ob- 
ject, and then point out a resem- 
blance in many particulars ; but 
no reader of judgment and caution 
will strain so obsQure an allusion." 
Ut Supra, p. 37. In Booth's Pce- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 73. 

"Is there no express command 
of Christ to baptize believers ? Not 
one in all the New Testament." 
Summary of Christian Minist. Rea- 
sons, p. 24. Booth in Paedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 191, where he 
says : " If by express command he 
mean the very words. Baptize Be- 
lievers ; it is allowed. But what 
is that to the purpose, while the 
ideas conveyed by those terms, are 
as plainly and strongly expressed, 
as if the identical words had been 
repeatedly used? Nor will Mr. 
Addington deny this." 

We have reason also to won- 
der at the inadvertency of Mr. 
Addington ; who speaking of Ruffi- 
nus, tells us that he lived in the 
Third Century : " and that his 
knowledge and integrity have 
NEVER BEEN doubted." Christian 
Min. Reasons, p. 163. Booth's 
Paedobaptism Examined, p. 213. 

"The promises to Abraham in 
the Old Testament, and those to 
Christians in the New, appear to 
engage for the same spiritual, tem- 
poral and eternal blessings." " They 



CYCLOPiEDIA. 



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35 



are made alike to believers, whe- 
ther Jews or Gentiles, and to their 
CHILDREN, in both Testaments." 
Christian Minister's Reasons, p. 
100. Booth, in Faedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 338. 

"We seem to need such a 
rite as this ; since the birth of a 
child is an event of great impor- 
tance to a family, and it must ap- 
pear a parent's — it cannot be but 
a pious parent's inclination— early 
to devote his children to God, 
through Christ ; expressing hi^ fer- 
vent desires that they may partake, 
with himself, of the blessings of 
the Christian Covenant. This ar- 
g^ument appears to receive addi- 
tional strength from the practice 
of our Baptist brethren, (many of 
them at least) who feeling the 
need, propriety, and usefulness of 
such a rite, as we suppose infant 
baptism to be, have invented one 
of their ou^, which nearly resem- 
bles it excepting in the ceremonial 
part.^' Christian Minister's Rea- 
sons. P.S. to Advertisement. In 
Booth's Padobap. Exam. p. 351. 
" We seem to need such a rite as 
Infant Baptism T exclaims Mr. 
Booth. XJt Supra, p. 351. 

"Herein pardon, grace, and 
glory, are promised to such as re- 
pent and turn unto the Lord. This 
he (Peter) calls, by way of emi- 
nence, the promise ; partly on ac- 
count of the superior value of the 
blessings engaged for in it, and 
partly because it secures the con- 
tinued succession of them to the 
people of God and their seed to the 
end of time J' Christian Minister's 
Reasons^ p. 120. Booth. Pado- 
baptism Examined^ p. 363. 

" The Christian, is to his or 
her family, as the root of these 
branches ; and upon the principles 



here laid down, he or she being 
holy, so are they." Christian Min- 
ister's Reasons, p. 80. Booth's 
Padobaptism Exa7nined, p. 374. 

ADDISON, Launcelot, d.d., Son 
of Launcelot Addison, and father 
of Joseph Addison, of Milestone, in 
Wiltshire, the Poet and Classical 
writer. He was born at Mauldis- 
meaburne, in Westmoreland, 1632 ; 
died 1703. Of the works of this 
voluminous writer enumerated by 
Robert Watt, we notice only the 
following : An Introduction to the 
Sacrament, 1681. Enlarged 1586. 
The genuine use and necessity of 
the two Sacraments, viz.. Baptism 
and the Lord's Supper, with our 
obligation frequently to receive the 
latter. Lond. 1697, 8vo. Biblio- 
theca Britannica. 

ATKINS, Abraham, Esq., of 
Clapham, England, a distinguislied 
Baptist, who between 1700 and 
1720 endowed liberally by his will 
several Baptist Churches about 
London, one of which was Unicorn- 
yard, a Church which annually has 
contributed from the commence- 
ment of that institution to the Bap- 
tist Fund. Mr. Atkins will be the 
subject of reference in our Gazet- 
teer under the Churches endowed, 
where some account of his will 
may be given. Most probably his 
WILL laid the foundation of the 
Permanent Baptist Fund, estab- 
lished in England in 1717, so great 
is the influence of the single act of 
one man, as an example in a good 
work. 

Articles of Smalcald : " Lay- 
Baptism is no other than the word 
of God, with plunging into water, 
according to his appointment and 
command." Epitom. Lib. Concofd. 
Christ, p. 107. 

ALIX, author of a work entitled. 



86 



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Preparation for the Lord's Supper, 
1688, — ^also Remarks on the Eccle- 
siastical History of the Ancient 
Churches of Piedmont. Lond. 
1690, 4to. This last work has 
been profusely quoted by Jones, 
Robinson, Ivhney,Crosby, D'Anvers, 
Tombs, Benedict and other Baptist 
Historians, as affording testimony 
to the fact that the Churches of 
Piedmont were chiefly Baptists. 
This writer however must not be 
confounded with Peter Aliz^ ano- 
ther French author. See Biblio- 
theca Brittanica. 

AGRICOLA, F., most probably, 
FraneiSj who was, says Watt, a 
Yolumnious theological writer. 
The name is inserted here F. Agri- 
cola^ as quoted by Benedict, p. 926, 
from Prof. Sears, as a writer against 
the Anabaptists, a. d. 1591. 

AUSTIN, St. D. Aurblius, or 
Augustine^ an eminent Father of 
the Church, was bom at Tagasta, 
Nov. 13th, in the year 354; and 
died of a fever, 28th August, 430, 
at Hippo, while that city was be- 
seiged by the Vandals. Such was 
the popularity of St. Augustine, 
that Panzer enumerates no less 
than 176 editions of various parts 
of his works, before 1500. Tertul- 
lian was the first and Augustine 
the second of the Fathers who 
wrote on baptism, the former cer- 
tainly against infant baptism, the 
latter shall answer for himself. It 
would require a whole number of 
this work to enumerate his works, 
and editions of them, so as to give 
any clear idea of their character 
and contents. In his " Epistle to 
Dardanus, De baptism^) parvulor- 
um — the baptism of little oneSy^ St. 
Augustine asserts, that " God in a 
hidden manner infuses his grace 
into children — ^in a wonderful man- 



ner, he dwells in infants who are 
baptized." Dr. Featly^ in Dippei^s 
Dipt, pp. 60, 66, quoted by JUene- 
diet, p. 263, ed. 1848. 

ASHTON, Thomas, a clergyman 
in the time of the usurpation by 
Oliver Cromwell in England, born 
in Lancashire, 1631. He published 
the following works : Blood-thirsty 
CyruSj unsatisfied with blood, or 
the boundless cruelty of an Anabap- 
tisfs Tyranny, manifested in a let- 
ter of Col. John Mason, governor 
of Jersey, Sd Nov. 1659 ; tvherein 
he exhibits seven false, ridiculous, 
and scandalous articles, against 
Quarter-master William Swan, ifc. 
Lond. 1659, 4to. 2. Satan in 
SamueFs Mantle; or the Cruelty 
of Germany acted in Jersey ; 
containing the arbitrary proceed- 
ings of John Mason, of a Baptized 
Church, eommissionated to be a 
Colonel, and sent over into the is- 
land of Jersey, Grovemor, in July, 
1656, against several Officers and 
Soldiers in that smaU place, Ifc. 
Lond. 1659, Ato. This man is to 
be distinguished from another of 
the same name, who at a period 
about 50 years later was Rector of 
St. Botolph, Bishops^te. See Bib- 
liotheca nritannica. 

ARNOLD, Nicholas, Professor 
of Divinity at Franeker, was bom 
at Lesna, a city of Poland, 1618 ; 
died 1680. He was the author of 
numerous works. See Bibliotheca 
Britannica. Under the title " Prof 
Arnoldus,^^ Booth quotes this au- 
thor from a work the title of which 
is omitted by Robert Watt. " The 
Baptism of Infants is either com- 
manded here, or no where." On 
Matt, xxviii. 19, in Religio Soci- 
niana, p. 411. Booth in Paedo- 
baptism Examined, p. 325. Watt 
says, Arnold's works were written 



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chiefly against the Sooinian Tenets. 
Bih. Brit. ; Benedict, p. 265, re- 
presents him as a writer against 
the Anabaptists. 

ARNOLD, William, a Baptist 
minister of England, who was pas- 
tor of a church in Westminster, 
which met first in Groat-street, 
Horsleydown, and afterwards held 
its meetings in Unicorn-yard. Of 
this Church we shall give some 
account in our Historical Gazetteer 
Art. Uniconvdfard. " William 
Arnold,'' says Walter Wilson, 
" the first minister of this Church, 
was a worthy and serious man, 
but destitute of the advantages of 
a liberal education. He was or- 
dained in Goat-street, Nov. Ifi, 
1720, and continued his pastoral 
relation till May 17, 1784, when 
he died at the age of forty-three. 
Mr. Samuel Wilron prea<^hed his 
fimeral Sermon, and nas given at 
considerable length, an excellent 
character of him, from which we 
shall make some extracts. ^^It 
was his great mercy, and I have 
heard him often mention it with 
praise and gratitude, that God met 
with him about the time of his first 
settling in the world, and wrought 
a change in his heart and conver- 
sation, surprising to himself, and 
to all about him. After he had 
for some time made a public pro- 
fession of religion in the country, 
he was taken notice of as a man 
of uncommon seriousness, especi- 
ally in the duty of prayer. This 
engaged the church to solicit a 
test of his gift in expounding the 
Scriptures, and meeting with en- 
couragement, he was induced to 
go out and publish the glad tidings 
of salvation. He had not long 
been in this work, before Gt)d 
gave him some remarkable seals 



to his ministry, which greatly 
strengthened hLs faith, and en- 
couraged him to go forward. And 
now he began to give himself 
wholly to reading, study, medita- 
tion, and prayer ; his profiting 
appeared to all. I might say much 
of his natural abilities, and I be- 
lieve every one that knew him 
will allow, that for ready discern- 
ment of men and things, a lively 
imagination, a solid judgment, a 
strong, and tenacious memory, he 
had few equals. And as he has 
often expressed how thankful he 
should have been could he have 
read the sacred oracles in the ori- 
ginal languages, so Providence 
seemed, in a great measure, to 
make up his defect, by blessing 
him with an industrious spirit. He 
thought no pains too much in 
reading the best English Divines, 
and consulting the most judicious 
commentators, to come at the sense 
of Scripture : And in this he was 
so successful, that men of the 
greatest capacity, and the most 
improved literature, often attended 
his ministry with pleasure and ad- 
vantage. His natural disposition 
was good and his conversation 
agreeable. An innocent cheerful- 
ness, attended with proper pru- 
dence, discovered itself, upon almost 
every occasion ; so that he had as 
many friends as acquaintances, 
nor could you be in his company 
long without improvement and de- 
light. In his family he was a 
tender husband, and most affec- 
tionate father ; conscientious and 
constant in the discharge of his 
relative duties ; and courteous to 
all. About fourteen years since, 
he was called by his church to the 
pastoral office ; and though the 
invitation was very unanimous 



38 



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^ and hearty, it appeared to him to 
be an office which called for 
thought and deliberation. Accord- 
ingly it was some months before 
he could be brought to accept the 
charge ; nor even then, without call- 
ing in the advice of his brethren 
in the ministry. How he has ful- 
filled his ministry among you, you 
are the best judges ; and I believe 
he has a testimony in every one 
of you, that with the utmost dili- 
gence, seriousness, affection and 
faithfulness, he has declared unto 
you the whole counsel of God. The 
more substantial and soul-edifying 
truths oi the gospel, were the sub- 
jects he wholly insisted on. Nor 
was he satisfied with pleasing the 

. ear, but labored in the strength of 
the Lord, to speak to the heart and 
conscience, and it was with that 
spirituality and savor, as abun- 
dantly discovered, that he tasted 
the word of life in his own soul, 
whilst he held it forth to others. 
His method was easy, just and na- 
tural, his diction strong and mas- 
culine, yet plain and familiar ; his 
gesture and deportment graceful 
and becoming ; and as he was fur- 
nished with gifts and graces, which 
rendered him an able minister, so 
the work of God prospered in his 
hands. Many converts were ga- 
thered in, who dated their first 
serious impressions to the blessing 
of God upon his labors. In his 
occasional labors, he was always 
attended, much beloved and greatly 
respected. His work drawing near 
its close, one indisposition after 
another seized him, till, at length, 
the tabernacle began to shake, as 
threatened with an approaching dis- 
solution. It has been observed by 
some, that he has hardly ever been 
well, since the removal of a valu- 



able friend, (Rev. Edward Wallin,) 
who was dearer to him than a 
brother ; and as there was hardly 
an affair of importance in which 
he did not consult him, in life, so 
there was little difference in their 
death ; both had the mercy to die 
comfortably, and go off triumph- 
antly. The Monday before he 
died, he asked his physicians, with 
the usual cheerfulness, what they 
thought of him ? When they told 
him there was danger in his case, 
they were no sooner withdrawn, 
but he said to his friends, with his 
hands lifted up towards heaven, 
and with an air of pleasure and satis- 
faction in his countenance, * Now 
I am going, I am goin^ home, I 
am going to glory.' Upon this he 
sent for his children, took a solemn 
and affectionate leave of them, and 
with the authority of a minister, 
and the affection of a parent, re- 
commended to them their duty to 
God, to one another, and how they 
ought to walk in the world. Tues- 
day being appointed by the church 
as a day of humiliation, fasting, 
and prayer, on his account, he sent 
them the following message : ' Tell 
them that I am now going to my 
God, and their God ; to my Fa- 
ther and their Father; I desire 
them all to join in praises to God, 
for the exceeding abundant riches 
of his grace and mercy to me. I 
am concerned for that little hill in 
Mount Sion. They have long been 
a creditable and reputable Church ; 
they are now so ; and it is my de- 
sire that they continue in credit and 
reputation after my decease. I now 
take my farewell of them, and com- 
mit them to the care of the Great 
Shepherd and Bishop of souls. 
Let them wait on God, that he 
may give them a pastor after his 



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39 



own heart, to feed them with 
knowledge and understanding. I 
desire them to show their love 
and value for me, by uniting in 
love and affection to one another, 
and then they may expect to meet 
death with joy and comfort, as I 
now do ; and so I take my leave 
of them, expecting to see them in 
a little time; and that we shall 
be companions again together, and 
be for ever with the Lord." 

" Wednesday he was in the same 
frame of spirit, rejoicing in the 
Lord, and longing for his dissolu- 
tion. Thursday evening being 
asked, whether his comfort con- 
tinued ? He answered with his 
hands lifted up, * yes, without the 
least cloud; Satan has not been 
suffered to interrupt it.' Friday 
morning, about an hour before he 
died, he said to some friends, * You 
will be asked by the world how I 
went off ? You are my witnesses 
that I declare with my dying 
breath, that my firm faith and de- 
pendence is on the blood, righteous- 
ness and satisfaction of the Lord 
JesQS Christ, for my acceptance in 
the sight of God.' After this, 
thanking them for all their kind- 
ness, he wished, in the most affec- 
tionate manner, that his God 
might be their God, and that they 
might be eternal companions with 
him in glory. Some of his last 
words were, ^ I am an instance of 
Sovereign and distinguishing grace, 
abrand plucked out of the burning.' 
A few minutes after this he fell 
asleep in Jesus, and died without 
sigh, groan, or complaint." Wil- 
son's Funeral Sermon, pp. 23-31. 
Also Hist. Dissent. ChurcheSy by 
Walter Wilson, Vol 4, pp. 231- 
235. 

ANONYMOUS : " That the letter 



of the Scripture is in favor of the 
Baptists, (or as they are still ab- 
surdly called. Anabaptists,) cannot 
without evasion and equivocation 
be denied." London Review ^ for 
June 1776, p. 489. Booths Psb- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 26. 

" If we have regard to manner 
in which the idea of Baptism 
is naturally adapted to the situa- 
tion of a guilty creature, zealous 
io express his abhorrence of sin ; 
or to the general practice of tiie 
Jewish, as well as other Eastern 
nations ; to the example of our 
Lord, and of his disciples ; and to 
the most plain and obvious con- 
struction of the Greek language ; 
we shall be inclined to believe that 
infant sprinkling is not an institu- 
tion of Christianity, but a deviation 
from the original rite, whicii was 
performed by dipping or plunging 
into the water. The arguments 
by which the Paedobaptists sup- 
port their practice and doctrine 
appear to us to be forced and vio- 
lent J that we are of opinion nothing 
but the general prevalence of in- 
fant sprinkling could have so long 
supported it." English RevieWy 
for Nov. 1783, p. 351. Booth, pp. 
78, 79. 

" This is to make evidence 
shift sides, by turns, just as it hap- 
pens to favor or thwart our cause." 
Monthly Review, for Sep. 1783, p. 
220 in Booth's Pcedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 416. 

" A child is bom — 'tis bora to die : 
Make baste perhaps its end is mgh : 

Here comes the Curate. Well ! 
The hov'ring gossips round him stand, 
When with his high commissioned hand, 

He saves, one-Ao//*, from hell." 

Essay on the Necess. of a Good 
Life, pp. 99, 110, in Booth's Pae- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 359. 



40 



Ao 



HATNBS' BAPTIST 



Ao 



"Proving, by confession of all 
sides, that the Protestant reli- 
gion is %afer ; because in all posi- 
tive points of doctrine, the Ro- 
manists agree with them, (the 
Protestants,) but in their additions 
they stand single by themselves." 
We say there is a heaven and a 
hell. It is true say they; but there 
is also a purgatory. We say, we 
shall be saved by the merits and 
satisfaction of Christ Jesus. It is 
true they say ; but there are like- 
wise merits and satisfactions of 
our own. We say, the sacraments 
of baptism and the eucharist, are 
two proper sacraments, instituted 
by Christ. It is true say they; 
but there are five more to be re- 
ceived, &c. In Popery Confuted 
by Papists, in Booth's Psedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 473. 

"The Church of Rome will 
not acknowledge their points of 
doctrine to be erroneous, unless 
we can assign the ifem^, and point 
out the persons, who first broached 
them. If a man be sick of con- 
sumption, will he refuse help of 
the physician, except he can re- 
solve him whether his lungs or his 
liver were first infected, and show 
the time when and the occasion 
how his body grew first distem- 
pered." Popery Confuted by Pa- 
pists, pp. 26-27, — Ed. 2d. Booth's 
Paedobaptism Examined, p. 407. 

ANTHONY, Joseph, one of the 
noble brotherhood of Baptist minis- 
ters in Virginia, whom God deemed 
worthy to call, in his providence, 
to bear witness for Christ in prison, 
where he had been cast, as were 
Paul, Silas, Peter and others, for 
the testimony of Jesus Christ and 
his gospel. He was originally a 
member of Dover Church, in 
Goochland county, where he was 



baptized by Rev. J. Waller, as one 
of the seals to the joint ministry of 
Rev. Messrs. Reed and Harriss. 
He began, at once, to preach suc- 
cessfully. He was a companion 
first of Mr. Webber and then of 
Mr. Elijah Baker, in the work of 
the ministry. He preached in the 
counties of Chesterfield and those 
situated between Richmond and 
Hampton, and afterwards in Henry 
county. He labored in the Straw- 
berry and Mayo Associations, was 
pastor at one period of Otter and 
Burton's Creek Churches, and was 
annually moderator of Mayo Asso- 
ciation. In 1770-1, he was im- 
prisoned in Chesterfield jail, where 
he preached to multitudes through 
the gates, and when his prison- 
doors were thrown open, and he 
was urged to escape, he replied in 
the language of Paul: "They have 
taken us openly, uncondemned, 
and have cast us into prison ; and 
now do they cast us out privily? 
Nay, verily ; but let them come 
themselves and fetch us out," 
which was eventually done. His 
life was spotless, useful, and mark- 
ed by deep-toned piety and devo- 
tion, and his common theme of 
conversation was Christ and him 
crucified. He was surely one of the 
Baptist worthies of Virginia. See 
Taylor^ s Virginia Bap. Min.p. 44, 
for a sketch somewhat more full 
and particular in details, of which 
the above is an abridgment. 

ANTHON, Prof. Charles. This 
well-known editor of many of the 
chief and most important Greek 
and other classical text-books, for 
Universities, Colleges and Acad- 
memies, is one of a most numer- 
ous class of authors whom it is 
a pleasure to quote, while how- 
ever, it presents a phenomenon, 



Ac 



CTOLOPiSDiA. 



An 



41 



defying in its nataie explica- 
tion by the most casuistic of the 
Jesuits, as a case of conscience in- 
volving some principle unknown 
to our philosophy, to harmonize 
with their practice their ingenuous 

concessions. It is taken from Be- ! Scripture, 1791, 8vo. 
nedict, who quotes it from Camp- work is suspicious 
bell and Rice's Debate. " In the 
course of his debate, Mr. Campbell 
introduced the following very in- 
teresting note from Prof. Anthon, 
of New- York, in answer to an in- 
quiry made by the gentleman to 
whom it is addressed." He is a 
Protestant Episcopalian. 

" Columbia College, 
" March 25th, 1843. 
'^ Dk. Farmly, 

" My dear Sir, — There is no au- 
thority whatever for the singular 
remark, make by the Rev. Dr. 
Spring, relative to the force of 
baptizo. The primary meaning of 
the word is to dip, or immerse 
and its secondary meanings, if 
ever it had any, all refer, in some 
way or other, to the same leading 
idea. Sprinkling, &c. are entirely 
out of the question. I have de- 
layed answering your letter in the 
hope that you would call and favor 
me with a visit, when we might 
talk the matter over at our leisure. 
I presume, however, that what I 
have here written will answer 
your purpose. 

"Your's truly, 

"Charles Anthon." 
Benedict. Gen. Hist. Bap. Denom. 
Ifc, Ed. 1848, p. 248 in note. 

ASHDOWN, Rev. William, of 
Canterbury, author of the follow- 
ing works : Essay, explaining Je- 
sus' True meaning in the Parables, 
1780, 8vo. 2. The Unitarian, 
Arian, and Trinitarian Opinion 
respecting Christ examined and 



tried by Scripture Evidence alone, 
1789, 8vo. 3. An Attempt to 
show that the Opinion concern- 
ing the Devil, or Satan, as a fallen 
Angel, and that he tempts men 
to Sin, has no foundation in 

This last 
in its title 
as to his orthodoxy. 4. " Proofs 
that Adults only are included in the 
design of the rlew Covenant, or the 
Gospel Dispensation, andwere mem- 
hers of the Church of Christ in the 
Apostolic Age, 1792, 8t?o." Bene- 
dict, p. 186, prefixes to this title 
"New and decisive" proofs, &c., 
and adds to the above, " in reply 
to Mr. Williams," he also gives 
the imprint " Canterbury," and 
number of pages " 47." 6. Two 
letters addressed to the Bishop of 
Llandaff, respecting his distinction 
between the Operation of the Holy 
Spirit in the Primitive Ministers 
of Christ, and its operation in men 
in this day, with an address to 
Young Persons after Confirma- 
tion ; ( ? ) which distinction is 
shown not to have any foundation 
in the New Testament, 1798, 8vo. 

BiBLIOTHECA BrITANNICA. 

ALCUINUS, or Albinus Flac- 
cus, one of the most learned Eng- 
lishmen of the 8th century ; was 
born in the north of England ; died 
at Tours, 804. Of the catalogue 
of his works, the title of two only 
will be inserted. " Comm. in Eccle- 
siasten. Bas. 1531, 8 vo. Etcumde 
Baptismi Caeremoniis. Par. 1589. 
De Sacramentis in Liturg. per Jac. 
Pamelium. Col. Agr. 1571. Et 
Col. 1609, 4to. Bibliotheca Brit- 
annica. 

AUSTIN, Abraham, A minister 
ot the Greneral Baptists at Sutton- 
Colefield, in Warwickshire, Eng- 
land, who about 1785 or 1786 ac- 



42 



HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Au 



oepted a call to the pastorate to 
the Baptist Church, in the Western 
Division of the city of London, 
which then met in Elim Courts 
Fetter Lane. (See Art. Sutton- 
Colejieldy and Elirfi Court in our 
Gazetteer.) Mr. Austin continued 
in office in this church in 1809, 
was sound in the faith and popular, 
as the prosperity of the church, 
and number of his hearers evinced. 
He lectured in addition to the 
usual services, on Sabbath and 
Wednesday evenings. In 1788 
the meeting-house and church re- 
cords were destroyed by fire. The 
church removed to White Lion 
Court, Wych-street, until 1790, 
when it returned to its new edifice 
erected on the old site. It is 
elevated considerably above the 
ground, and has an organ behind 
the pulpit. See Hist. Dissent. 
Churches, hy Walter Wilson, vol. 
3, p. 474. 

ASPLUND, John, the earliest 
statistical writer of the Baptist 
denomination in America, except 
Morgan Edwards, was born in 
Sweden, and drowned in Fishing 
Creek, Virginia, being precipitated 
from a canoe in attempting to 
cross it, 1807. He was bred a 
merchant, emigrated from his na- 
tive country to England in 1775, 
where he was employed as a clerk, 
joined the British navy either vol- 
untarily or by impressment, pro- 
bably the latter, and deserted and 
settled in North Carolina. In 1782, 
he united with the Baptist Church 
at Ballard's Bridge, in Chowan 
county, and was baptized by the 
Rev. David Walsh, and removing 
to Southampton, Virginia, entered 
the ministry, and in 1785 revisited 
Europe, making the tour of Eng- 
land, Denmark, Finland, Lapland, 



and Germany. In 1791-1794, he 
published his first and second Bap- 
tist Register, and afterwards settled 
on the eastern shore of Maryland, 
and engaging in land speculations 
became embarassed. If his minis- 
terial gifts did not entitle him to 
great distinction, yet his labors and 
zeal in the coUectioa of the mate- 
rials for his work, deserve the 
highest commendation, and have 
rescued from oblivion the most 
valuable facts, especially in refer- 
ence to the early history of the 
Baptists in America. The follow- 
ing extract from the introduction 
to his Register for 1791, is copied 
from Mr. Taylor : 

" I have long been desirous, and 
have waited several years to see a 
publication like the following. 
And though I was sensible I could 
publish nothing of the kind with- 
out the fatigue and expense of 
travelling over the greatest part of 
the continent; yet at the request 
of many, I have been prevailed 
upon to make the tour of the Bap- 
tist Churches, to obtain the neces- 
sary information. With a view to 
this, I have travelled about seven 
thousand miles, in about eighteen 
months, chiefly on foot, and have 
visited about two hundred and 
fifteen churches, and fifteen asso- 
ciations. I am personally ac- 
quainted with two hundred and 
fifty ministers of our society, so 
that the Register may safely be 
depended on in general, though 
after all, perhaps, a few churches 
and ministers may be omitted. It 
is probable also, that the number 
of members in some churches may 
not be exact, as some do not asso- 
ciate—others who do, neglect to 
send forward their number — and 
some make conscience of number- 



Ba 



CYCLOPAEDIA. 



Ba 



43 



ing the people. Having been 
brought up with a view to the 
business of merchandize, I have 
been accustomed to keeping ac- 
counts ; and I keep now accounts 
of souls with their faces set Zion- 
ward, in preference to those which 
only respect money or trade. I have 
a natural turn for travelling, and I 
am convinced I could not better 
spend my time, than in itinerating 
to preach the gospel, and to collect 
materials which may assist the 
future historians ; and though I 
have met with many discourage- 
ments from narrow-minded per- 
sons, whose illiberal souls are not 
concerned for the public welfare; 
I appeal to the searcher of hearts, 
that my principal design is to make 
the Baptists better acquainted with 
each other, that union may more 
generally obtain among them. 
Southampton, Va., July 4, 1791." 
John Asplund, a Swede. 
He became personally acquainted 
with 700 Baptist ministers in the 
United States. See Baptist Li- 
brari/, Vol. 1, p. 38, and Taylor^ s 
Virginia Bomtist Ministers, p. 242. 

BAPTIST. For works under this 
title, on both sides of the question, 
see in this work among other 
articles, the following : 

Erbery, William. 

Plant, Thomas. 

WilUs, Obadiah, M.A. 

Toulmin, Joshua, D.D. 

Dale, Anthony Van. 

Crosby, Thomas. 

Beddome, James, M.A. 

Ettringham, William. 

Johnson, John. 

Farnworth, Richard. 

Ivimey, Joseph. 

Courcy, Richard de. 

Harwood, Edward. 

Evans, John. 



Kingsford, William. 

Edwards, John. 

Birt, Isaiah. 

Jenkins, Joseph, D.D. 

Graham, Rev. John. 

Eaton, David. 

Edwards, Peter. 

Ives, Jeremy. 

Art. Baptism. 

BAPTISM. For some of the 
authors and books on this subject, 
noticed in this volume, consult the 
following articles: 

Ruys, Gaulterus. 

Bale, or Baleus, John. 

Aemstelredamus. 

Day, Daye, or Dale, John. 

Heron, John. 

Servetus, Michael. 

Frith, or Fryth, John. 

Cassander, George. 

Beaucaire, DePeguilon Francis. 

Serverus, Alexandrinus. 

Fox, John. 

Prime, John. 

Some, Robert, D.D. 

Alcuinus, or Albinus, Flaccus. 

Waldegrave, or Waldgrave, R. 

Habbocke, William. 

Heiland, M. 

Hanner, Meredith, D.D. 

Burkitt, William. 

Hutten, Leon, D.D. 

Scultetus, Abraham. 

Fotherby, Martin, D.D. 

Clyfton, Richard. 

Morton, Thomas. 

Socinus, Faustus. 

Denison, John. 

Conrius, Flor. 

Burgess, Cornelius. 

Paget, John. 

Rogers, Daniel, B.D. 

Barber, Edward. 

Wynell, Thomas. 

Blackwood, Christopher. 

Cox, or Coxe, Benjamin. 

Garner, Robert. 



44 



Ba 



HAYNBS' BAPTIST 



Ba 



Hobson, Capt. 
Philips, George. 
Rain, Robert. 
Bakewell, Thomas. 
Church, John. 
Cotton, John. 
Geree, John. 

Homes, or Holmes, Nathanael, 
D.D. 

Hussey, William. 
Lawrence, Henry. 
Michael, Stephen. 
Tombes, John, B.D. 
Grotius, Hugo. 
Hoornbeck, John. 
Cobbett, Thomas. 
Vossius, Gerrard John. 
Moore, Thomas. 
Cosin, or Cosins, John, D.D. 
Chidley, Samuel. 
Cooke, William. 
Behman, or B(£hman, James. 
Cawdry, Daniel. 
Hall, Thomas, B.D. 
Lyford, William. 
Rive, John Joseph. 
Ward, Samuel. 
Baxter, Richard. 
Elderfield, Christopher, M^. 
Ellis, John, Junr. 
Sidenham, Cuthbert. 
Whistler, Henry, B.D. 
Ford, Simon, D.D, 
• Home, John. 
Punch, Edward. 
Goodwin, John. 
Griffith, John. 
Hammond, Henry, D.D. 
Denne, Henry. 
Gunning, Peter, D.D. 
Houghton, Aylmar. 
Pearson, Edward. 
Ives, Jeremy. 
Florentine, Hieron. 
Lawson, Thomas; 
Corrie, John, or Corrozet, Gilles. 
Anvers, Henry D' 
Grantham, Sir Thomas. 



Willis, Obadiah, M.A. 

Whiston, W. B. 

Compton, Henry. 

Collinges, or Collins, John. 

Hickes, George, D.D. 

Carey, Philip. 

Resbury, Nathanael, D.D. 

Hardin, John. 

Towerson, GabrieL 

Cary. 

Petto, Samuel. 

Wall, Thomas, A.M. 

Wall, William, D.D. 

Ford, Simon, D.D. 

Keach, Benjamin. 

Exell, Joshua. 

Stubs, or Stubbs, Philip. 

Olyfee, John. 

Addison, Launcelott, D.D. 

Bray, Thomas. 

Cicero, Marcus Jullius. 

Dell, WilliauL 

Slare, Frederick, D.D. 

Collins, Hercules. 

Keith, George, M.A. 

Clarke, Samuel, D.D. 

Hewerdine, Thomas, M.A. 

Turner, WUliam, M.D. 

Salmon, William, M.D. 

Dorrington, Theophilus, M.A. 

Garner, Robert. 

Southoomb, Lewis. 

Sutherland, Alexander. 

Haddo, James. 

Guidot, or Guidott, Thos., M.D. 

Welchman, Edward, M.A. 

Bennet, Thomas. 

Peirce, or Pierce, James. 

Dantz, or Dans, John Andrew. 

Emlyn, Thomas. 

Gale, John, D.D.. 

Smith, John. 

Bingham, Joseph. 

Fleetwood, William. 

Gaudy, Henry, M.A. 

Laurence, R. 

Mayo, Daniel, M.A. 

Williams, John. 



Ba cyclopedia. Ba 45 


Brett, Thomas, TJi.D. 


Wortlake, Thomas. 


Stebbing, Henry, D.D. 


Burham, Richard. 


Cantrell, Henry. 


Dobell, Joseph. 


Justin, the philosopher. 


Evans, Rev. John, M.A. 


Borget, Samuel 


Harm, J. 


Rothweil, Edward. 


Hutton, George, B.D. 


Cuperioius, Aug. 


Morris, Rev. John, M.A. 


Gauldus, Gabriel. 


Scott, John, M.A. 


Bessei, Godfrey de. 


Posthelwaite, Richard. 


Trapp, Joseph, D.D. 


Miller, William. 


Silvester, Tipping, M.A. 


Towerson, GabrieL 


Burroughes, Joseph. 


Innes, Rev. William. 


Bradbury, Thomas. 


Marsh, Herbert, D.D. 


Bulkley,or Bulkeley, Charles. 


Lawrence, Richard, LL.D. 


Clayton, Robert 


Biddulph, Rev. Thomas. 


Moody, James. 


Pott, Rev. Joseph Holden, M.A. 


Taylor, John, D.D. 


Morgan, Hector Davies, M.A. 


Fenn, William. 


Amalarius, Fortunatus. 


Fothergill, Samuel. 


Bullinger, Henry. 


Belly, James. 


Coleyne, Archbishop of. 


Walker, Samuel, A.B. 


Coverdale, Miles, or Myles, D.D. 


Brown, John. 


Cratoaldus, Valent 


Bigland, Ralph, Esq. 


Fowler, Christopher. 


Huddleston, John. 


Haldane, James A. 


Addington, Stephen, D.D. 


Hall, Rev. Robert, M.A. 


Barker, Thomas. 


Hardy, Robert 


Stennett, Samuel, D.D. 


Harrison, Richard. 


Johnson, John. 


Mulham, Rev. John. 


Courcy, Richard de. 


Musculus, Wolfgangus. 


Jenkins, Joseph, D.E. 


Palmer, John. 


Pathey, Richard, D.D. 


Panvinius, Oniphrius. 


Carter, John. 


Smith, Richard, D.D. 


Wakefield, Gilbert, A.B. 


Stevens, John. 


Moffat, Rev. J. M. 


Waldgrave, Robert 


Kirkpatrick, H. 


Under the Art. Books in this 


Toulmin, Joahua, D.D. 


work will be found the most full 


Applegrath, Robert 


and complete list of authors on the 


Duke, WiUiam, LL.B. 


baptismal question ever vet pub- 
lished, by several hundred names- 


Firie, Alexander. 


Robinson, Rev. Robert 


See also a catalogue more full un- 


MUler, William. 


der P^DOBAPTisT, also, Artlclcs, 


Eonghorn, Joseph. 


Infant Baptism, Anabaptum^ Bap- 


Martin, John. 


tism, Anabaptist, and Baptism, 


Mather, Cotton, D.D. 


in this work. 


Pearson, Edward, B.D. 


BAYLE, Peter, bpm at Carla, 


Tirwhitt, Robert, M.A. 


a small town in the county of Foix, 


Edwards, Peter. 


betwixt Pamiers and Rieux, 18th 


Macrae, David, M.A. 


November, 1647, died 28th Decem- 



46 



Ba 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ba 



ber, 1706, and was buried in the 
French church at Rotterdam. Of 
his works, that which has made 
him universally known in the re- 
public of letters is his " Diction- 
ary Historical and Critical." The 
edition before us is that of Mr. Des 
Maizeaux, printed at London, 
MDccxxxiv. It is in 5 vols, folio, 
making upwards of 4000 pages. 
Maizeaux says : — " Besides the 
editions of 1697 and 1702, which 
he published himself, it was print- 
ed at Geneva in 1715, at Rotter- 
dam in 1720, at Amsterdam in 
1730, and is just now reprinted in 
France, so that there have been 
six impressions of it, in six and 
thirty years; an honour which 
perhaps was never done to any 
other book of such a bulk. To 
these editions may be added the 
English Translation, published in 
1710. The article in this work 
under the title "Anabaptists," with 
the Comment and Notes is valuable, 
not so nmch for its historical cor- 
rectness, or true account either of 
the origin, history, or doctrines and 
practices of the Anabaptists or Bap- 
tists, as for the notice of books and 
authors most against them, but 
some by them. Seized with the 
madness peculiar to nearly all Pe- 
doptist authors, especially in his 
times, he begins at Munster, and 
takes the heads of all the legend- 
ary stories of the calumniators 
without discrimination. We shall 
quote this article extensively here 
on three heads, and in our history 
on another. He says (vol. 1, p. 
208) " The hooks which have been 
written against this sect, and against 
its doctrines are innumerable. This 
was published 1697. In note (k) 
same page, he says : I have pointed 
out some in note (c)." Note (" c") 



refers to Munster, and he notices 
books which give accounts of the 
Anabaptists there. He says : " See 
particularly the letter written to 
Erasmus by Conrad Heresbachias 
(he was Governor of the sons of 
Duke of Cleves, afterwards Coun- 
sellor to the Duke, and was at 
the seige of Munster) in the year 
1536, and which was . printed at 
Amsterdam^ in the year 1637, cum 
Hypomnematis de notis Theologicis, 
Historicisy ac Politicise Theodori 
Stra^kii^ Pastoris Pudericensis. 
See likewise Lambert Hortensius's 
book, De Tumultibus Anabaptista- 
rumy that of John Wigand^ De 
Anabaptismo Publicato, aYid the re- 
lation of Henry Dorpius, a citizen 
of Munster, published in the year 
1536 !" This note (" c") is on page 
286, vol. 1. There is added to it a 
note over " Rem. Crit." which in- 
dicates that it was contributed by 
the critics to his original publisher 
of the first edition, and with his 
consent inserted in the second edi- 
tion. It is as follows : " Mr. Bayle 
has omitted, through inadvertence, 
I believe, a Latin Heroic Poem, in 
two books, composed by Herman 
Kersenbroeck, recited by the author 
in a full assembly of the university 
of Cologne, in the year 1445, in 
8vo. This piece is dedicated to the 
Bishop of Munster and Osnaburg, 
Francis J Count of Waldeck; and 
the title is : Belli Monasterienis 
contra Anabaptistica, Monstra Ges- 
ti brevis atque succincta descriptio.^^ 
Two things are worthy of remark 
upon the notes ; 1. That 101 years 
elapsed between the date of the 
Heresba^hius letter to Erasmus and 
its publication^ which leaves room 
for doubt and suspicion as to its 
complete authenticity, and freedom 
from interpolations, if not a pious 



Ba 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Ba 



47 



fraud. 2. The date of the Latin 
Poem above is fixed at 1445. If 
so, the Anabaptists date 80 years 
prior to the Munster affair, and the 
poem was rather a prophecy. We 



may be typographically in error, 
placing 1445 for 1545, or 1645. 
This however will be noticed in 
another place in our history, under 
head of 1445, or perhaps under 
Art Kersenbroeck in this volume. 
We refer back to the continuation 
of " Note (K)" above quoted, page 
291, vol. 1. He continues — ^^Her- 
man Modaeus wrote a book De 
initiis Sectae Anabaptistica. An- 
drew Meshavitis wrote in Latin, An 
History of the Anabaptists. An 
anonymous author published, in 
Dutch, The Anabaptist Succession, 
printed at Cohgne, in the year 
1603. There is likewise a book in 
Dutch, De Origine et Progressu 
Sectarum inter Anabaptistas. Mr. 
Ottius, professor at Zurich, compil- 
ed the Annals of this Sect, down 
to the year 1671. All these works 
are taken notice of, either by Horn- 
beck (in Summa Controversiarum), 
or by Micraelius (in Syntagmate 
Histor. Eccles,) or by Spanheim{in 
Elencho Controversarium.) I do 
not find that they mention a book, 
which Gassander describes after 
this manner : " De Origine vero 
hujus Anabaptisticae Secta, ej us- 
que Progressu, and quae ex hoc ca- 
pite monstra quam varia et ab- 
surda atque inter se pugnant pro- 
dierunt, luculente, copiose, Sum- 
maque cum fide scripsit Nicolaus 
Blesdick, qui, quod aliquando hu- 
jusmodi errore per imperitiam aeta- 
tisdeceptus fuerit,eo nunc instruct- 
or & vehementior est in iis errori- 
bus refellendis, id quod ei cum B. 
Augustino est. (G.Cassander, Epist. 



DedioatjTractat de Baptismo Infan- 
tium. As to the Origin and Progress 
of this sect, with the various absurd 
and discordant monsters which it 
Jms produced, they have been clearly, 



have the date as it is printed. It fully, and faithfully d^scribedby Ni 

colas Blesdick, who having been for- 
merly deceived by this error, through 
the unskillfulness of youth, was the 
better qualified, and the more eager 
to oppose it ; a circumstance cam- 
7non to him with St. Austin.^^ 
Hornbeck mentions only an history 
of David George, composed by 
Nicolas Blesdick, son-in-law of this 
David, and published by Revius. 
(Hornbeck Summa Controv., p. 
373.) An History of the Anabap- 
tists in French, was published at 
Amsterdam, in 1695, and one more 
ample in 1700. The Authors who 
have wrote against them are 
Zwinglius, Luther, Calvin, Melanc- 
thon, Oecolampadius, Urbain Re- 
gius, Justus Menius, Bullinger, 
John La^cus, Guy De Bres, Taffi- 
nus, Hunnius, Osiander, Clopper- 
bourg, Spanheim, and several 
others, whom it would be tedious 
to recount. (Hornbeck Summa 
Controv. p. 394, and John Vaget 
in the Thesis which he maintained 
at Wittemburg in 1688, de Secta 
Mennoritarum.) But I must not 
forget a book called Babel, publish- 
ed in the year 1621, by Herman 
Faukelius,minisier of Middlebourg, 
and one of the fathers of the 
Synod of Dort. He shows in this 
work, the prodigious variety of 
opinions which prevails among the 
Anabaptists. The latter appealed 
from him to a Confession of Faith 
which they published in 1624, at 
Amsterdam. They made reprisals, 
for they published a Babel of 
Padobaptists. {Those wJw hold 
Infant jSaptism.) The Author of 



48 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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it was Antony Jacob, (an Anabap^ 
tist teacher and physician at Am- 
sterdam.) Observe that, at first, 
they wrote but few books, at length 
they produced several authors, and 
published many books, some didac- 
tic, or historical, others polemical. 
They printed at Horn, in 1624, A 
Confession of Faith, which they 
confirmed by passages of Scripture, 
and other authorities. At the end 
of twelve years, they published 
another (at Dort) to show the 
agreement of their sentiments. 
There have B,]f]pea,Ted Apologies for 
their Confessions; likewise Cate- 
chisms and Manuals of Religion. 
They refute the Declaration of 
Zurichj 1644. Abraham de David, 
(he prefixes three initial letters, 
G. V. V. i.e. Gerard Vryburg, Hot- 
tingeri. Biblioth. Theolog.) One 
of them published a book, the same 
year, against a minister of Haer- 
lem named Bontemps, entituled 
'^ Smegna Uolandicum contra mas- 
culas quas P. Bontemps Mennon- 
itis Adspersit. The Dutch soap 
against the Aspersions vfhioh Peter 
Bontemps has thrown upon the 
Mennonites. The same minister 
was attfkcked in other works; in 
the Absterio Accusationum gravium 
Petri Bontemps J facta per F. V. K. 
1643; the Confutatio argumento- 
rum quibus P. Bontemps probare 
conaiury Anahaptistas injuriosos 
esse in Deum et Homines, 1643. 
The Sporgia ad abluendas Mact^ 
las Petri Bontemps contra certam 
AnahaptistarumSectam; TheJbdict 
Henrici Lixivium contra eju^dem 
maculas ; and the Probatio Lixivii 
D. Bontemps ubi per G. V. V. fidei 
potissimum Authoris df Methodus 
Cigendi Solicitatur. {Biblioth. Theo- 
log.) — Bayle^s Dictionary Histori- 
cal Sf Critical Des Maizeauz edition 



Lond. 1734, Vol 1, Art. Anabap- 
tists, p. 289. On page 288 he says : 
" The Protestant Divines have 
zealously opposed this sect in the 
United Provinces, and have obtained 
several edicts to restrain it.^^ Let 
it be observed here, that neither 
Bayle nor any before him (1697) 
ever thought of regarding the Ana- 
baptists, or, as Bullinger first call- 
ed them. Baptists, either as Pro- 
testants or Reformers. They re- 
garded the Papists, and Anabap- 
tists, and Pagans, as three sides of 
a triangle, within the lines of which 
no Protestant, Reformer or Christ- 
ian could find any thing whatever 
that was not inimical to the Pro- 
testant Reformation, and hoped 
that Luther and his cotemporary 
reformers would, in removing Po- 
pery, do so fully and not stop half- 
way between Popery and Anabapt- 
ism, or Baptist Apostolical ground. 
In this they were sadly disappoint- 
ed, nor were the Protestant Re- 
formers less chagrined when their 
vain hope of bringing the Anabap- 
tists half way from Apostolical 
Christianity towards Rome, under 
the leadership of Luther and Zuing- 
lius, Calvin, Bullinger, Oecolampi- 
dius, and their confederates failed. 
Bayle says (" Note H," vol. 1. p. 
288,) " They have often ohalleng^ 
the Anabaptists to disputation. 
The Synod of Horn passed an Act 
hereupon, and even had recourse 
to the authority of the Governor. 
*' EQclesiae nostrae semper bonum 
ac utile censuerunt, Adversarios ad 
Disputationem & CoUoquare pro- 
vocare. Synodus Hornana, a. 
CIO 10 Lxxx, & a. CIO 10 lxxxvi, im- 
plorata eum in finem Guberna- 
toris Theod. Sonnoyi auctoritate — 
dec>emit provocandum &c. (He 
places the Synod of 1576 after 



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CYCLOP-BDIA. 



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49 



that of 1580.) Three or four Syn- 
ods passed the like Acts before the 
end of the XVIth century. The 
Churches thought proper, in the 
year 1599, to compose a work com- 
prehending a body of Anabaptist 
Controversies. Arminius, Minister 
of Amsterdam, undertook it and 
began it ; but laid it aside when 
he was made Professor of Divinity 
at Leyden^ and alleged the reasons 
in the Synod of Alcmaer in 1605, 
why he could not go on with such 
a «work. The Synod of Enchuyse, 
in the year 1624, employed two 
ministers to examine the confes- 
sions of the Mennonites. One of 
them being left alone in 1826, de- 
manded a new partner ; the Synod 
of Amsterdam, in 1628, appointed 
Dorestaar to be his assistant They 
applied themselves diligently to 
their commission, and published a 
very good book in Dutch, in the year 
1637. It is a body of Anabaptist Con- 
troversies, in which the variations 
of this sect are exactly distinguish- 
ed. The author who tells us these 
particulars observes, that the Chur- 
ches, in conjunction with the secu- 
lar arm, took care that this sect 
should not increase; they stand 
sentinel, says he, to check it, if it 
produces new branches, or attempts 
to exceed its bounds. Pro coercen^ 
dis aut noviter pullulantibus aut 
sua pomaeria extendentibus juxta 
cum FoUticis Ecclesiae vigilant. 
(Hombeck, Summa Controvers. 
p. 391.) He adds, that the Synod 
of Friesland is perpetually aolicit- 
ing the States of that Province to 
revive the Edict, which was pub- 
lished against the Anabaptists in 
the year 1598 ; and that they press 
the execution of it, with regard to 
. the new Assemblies, and new 
Places of Worship, which this sect 



has ventured to set up. He adds 
farther, that it being discovered 
that the Synod of the Anabaptists 
held at Haerlem, in the month of 
July, 1649, had set up several new 
Congregations, it behoved the or- 
thodox Pastors to restrain, by some 
measure or other, these innovations, 
and the rather as they were author^ 
ized to do so by an Edict of the 
year 1651, by which their High 
Mightinesses decree, that the sects 
should be restrained, and not suf- 
fered to spread. Sectas Cohiben- 
dasetin Ordinem religendas neque 
permittendum ut inplura loca quam 
nodie sunt diffudantur. — (Horn- 
bekius in Summa Controversial p. 
392.) After the same manner, the 
Protestants, in France, were forbid 
all places of Religious Worship, 
which they could not prove they 
were in possession of, at the time 
of the Edicts. See Voetius^s Poli- 
tica Ecclesiastica, Book 4, part 1, p. 
538,) in which he examines, 
whether this sect ought to be toler- 
ated ; he distinguishes upon it ; 
but, generally speaking, he inclines 
most to the negative." (Hornbeck, 
Summa Controvers., is quoted as 
authority for the above, p. 394, 
395, 396, 391, 392,) Bayle^s Die. 
vol. 1, p. 288. See Arts. Cassan- 
DEB, De Bres, Ottius, Beuning, 
and references from them, in this 
work, also Moeeri & Frateolus. 

BARROW, David, a Baptist 
minister, first in Virginia, and after- 
wards in Kentucky; died in 1814, 
aged about 75 years. He began 
to preach in Brunswick County, 
Virginia, about 1771, and was pas- 
tor successively of South Quay, 
Mill-swamp, and Black Creek 
phurches in Virginia, and over 
others in Kentucky, to which he 
removed in 1797. He was in Keku- 



50 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ba 



kee, Portsmouth, and other Associ- 
ations. In Nanseinond river, near 
the mouth of James river, he and 
one of his brethren in the ministry 
were taken from the place of preach- 
ing by a company of enemies of 
the Baptists, and after singing pro- 
fane songs in mockery, they ducked 
Mr. Barrow twice in water and 
mud, and nearly drowned, and 
otherwise inhumanly treated him 
as was also his friend. The women 
of the congregation were over- 
whelmed with fright. The mob 
consisted of about 18 Episcopalians. 
After this indignity they forced 
Mr. Barrow and his fellow-laborer 
to depart, wet and muddy. The 
providential judgment of God 
caused the death of several of these 
stout men in a few weeks, impre- 
cating God's vengeance upon them. 
Mr. Barrow was favorable to the 
cause of domestic missions, the 
support of the ministry by the 
churches, and liberality and im- 
provement among Christians. In 
Kentucky he was identified with 
the Baptists, who styled themselves 
" Friends to Humanity or Emanci- 
pators," which was unfortunate, 
and gave both him and his breth- 
ren trouble on his account. His 
varied gifts and talents were scarce- 
ly excelled in Virginia or else- 
where, and rendered him popular 
and extensively useful, but above 
all his piety inspired his eloquence 
by the power of a godly life. Tay- 
lor's Lives, Va. Bap. Min's. p. 155, 
157. 

BAMPFIELD, Francis, author 
of 1. His judgment for observation 
of the Jewish Sabbath, with Mr. 
Ben's Answer. Lond. 1672. — 2. 
All in One, all useful sciences and 
profitable Arts, in one book of Je- 
hovah Aelshim, 2 parts. Lond. 1677, 



fol. — 3. Historical Declaration of 
the Life of Spin Asher. Lond. 1681, 
fol.— 4. Grammatical opening of 
some Hebrew words in the Bible. 
BiBLioTHECA Britannica. A morc 
complete list is given by Walter 
Wilson, in his History of Dissent- 
ing Churches, vol. ii. p. 591, in a 
note. "Works. — 1. His Judgment 
for the Observation of the Jewish, 
or Seventh-day Sabbath ; with his 
Reasons, and Scriptures for the 
same. In a Letter to Mr. William 
Ben, of Dorchester. 1672, and 
1677. 8vo. 

2. The Open Confessor and the 
True Prisoner ; a Sheet written in 
Salisbury Jail. 1675. 

3. All in One : All useful Scien- 
ces and profitable Arts, in one Book 
of Jehovah'Aeloim, copied out, and 
commented on in created Beings, 
comprehended and discovered in 
Fullness of Perfection of Scripture- 
knowledge. 1677. Folio. 

4. A Name and a New One : or 
an Historical Declaration of Life, 
especially as to some eminent Pas- 
sages relating to his Call to the 
Ministry. 1681. 

5. The House of Wisdom : The 
House of the Sons of the Prophets, 
An House of exquisite inquiry, and 
of deep research ; where the mind 
of Jehavah'Aeloim in the Holy 
Scripture of Truth, in the Original 
words and Phrases, and their pro- 
per Significancy, is diligently 
studied, faithfully compared, and 
aptly put together for the further 
promoting and higher advancing of 
Scripture-Knowledge, of all useful 
Arts, and profitable Sciences, in 
the Book of Books, the Word of 
Christ, copied out and commented 
upon in created Beings. 1681. 

6. The Free Prisoner: A Letter 
written from Newgate. 1683. 



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CYCLOP-EDIA 



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51 



7. A just Appeal from lower 
Courts on Earth, to the highest 
Court in Heaven. 1683. 

8. A Continuation of the for- 
mer just Appeal. 1783. 

9. A grammatical Opening of 
some Hebrew words and Phrases in 
the beginning of the Bible. 1684. 

" This pious confessor," says 
Walter Wilson, " descended of an 
ancient and honourable family at 
Portimon, in Devonshire, and was 
born about the year 1614. Being 
designed for the ministry from his 
birth, in which his own inclination 
concurred, he was sent at sixteen 
years of age, to Wadham College, 
Oxford, where he entered as com- 
moner, in 1631, and in 1638 took 
his degree in Arts. Upon leaving 
the university, he received orders 
in the Church of England, being 
ordained deacon by Bishop Hall, 
and presbyter by Bishop Skinner. 
Soon afterwards he was preferred 
to a living in Dorsetshire, of the 
yearly value of one hundred pounds. 
There he took great pains in the 
instruction of his people, and in 
the promotion of true religion. 
Having a small annuity of his own, 
what income he derived from his 
living, he spent in acts of charity, 
by giving Bibles and other good 
books to his parishioners ; setting 
the poor to work; and relieving 
the necessities of those who were 
disabled; not suffering a single 
beggar in his whole parish. At 
the beginning of the civil wars 
Mr. Bampfield was a zealous loy- 
alist ; insomuch that he hesitated 
about the propriety of paying taxes 
imposed by the parliament He 
appears also to have been a zealous 
Conformist, and read publickly the 
Common-prayer longer than any 
other minister in Dorsetshire. For 



this his zeal, he was rewarded with 
a prebend in the Cathedral of Exe- 
ter, to which he was collated, 15th 
May, 1647. At length, however, 
he began to see that the Church of 
England needed reformation in 
doctrine, worship, and discipline, 
and as became a faithful minister, 
set about it heartily, making the 
laws of Christ his only rule. But 
he met with much trouble and op- 
position. Wood intimates that 
Mr. Baxter was the means of gain- 
ing him over to the parliament. In 
1653, he took the engagement. 
Soon afterwards, the living of Sher- 
borne, in the same county, become 
vacant by the death of Mr. William 
Lyford, he was earnestly solicited 
by the parishioners to remove 
thither. This pla.ce was very popu- 
lous,and consequently required more 
labour, though the income was 
smaller. But as there was a pros- 
pect of doing more good, and the 
people were very urgent, after 
waiting two years, he accepted their 
call, and removed thither in 1655. 
Here he continued with universal 
acceptance, as well as great suc- 
cess, till the Uniformity Act took 
place ; when being utterly dissatis- 
fied with the conditions it imposed, 
he took leave of his own sorrow- 
ful congregation, on the Lord's-day 
previous to Bartholomew-day, 1662. 
He also quitted his prebend in 
Exeter cathedral, of which he had 
been deprived by the parliament, 
but he became repossessed by the 
Restoration. 

Mr. Bampfield's former charac- 
ter for loyalty, his opposition to the 
parliament, and to Oliver Crom- 
well, proved now no sort of protec- 
tion to him ; but he suffered more 
on account of non-conformity than 
most other Dissenters. Soon after 



52 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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his ejectment, he was apprehended 
and imprisoned for worshipping 
God in nis own family. During 
his confinement he experienced se- 
veral instances of injustice and cru- 
elty, of which a particular account 
may be seen in the " Conformist's 
Plea for the Nonconformists." (See 
Conformist's fourth Plea, p. 46.) 
Mr. Bampfield afterwards suffered 
eight years imprisonment in Dor- 
chester jail, which he bore with 
remakable patience and cour- 
age. In the prison he preached 
almost every day, and success at- 
tending his labors, he gathered a 
church there. Upon his discharge 
in 1675, he went about preaching 
the gospel in several counties ; but 
for this crime he was soon appre- 
hended again in Wiltshire, and 
imprisoned at Salisbury ; where 
on account of a fine, he continued 
eighteen weeks. During this time 
he wrote a letter, which was 
printed, containing an account of 
his imprisonment, and the joy he 
experienced in his sufferings for 
Christ. "At length," (says Mr. 
Wood,) " retiring to London, the 
common refuge of such people, he 
preached in conventicles there, 
was several times committed upon 
that account, and continued a pri- 
soner for about the last ten years 
of his life. He was always a per- 
son strangely fickle and unsteady 
in his judgment, that he was first 
a Churchman, then a Presbyterian, 
afterwards an Independent, or at 
least a side with them, an Ana- 
baptist, and at length almost a 
complete Jew, and what not. He 
was also enthusiastical and cant- 
ing, that he did almost craze and 
distract many of his disciples by 
his amazing and frightful dis- 
(See Wood's Athenae 



courses. 



Oxoniensis, vol. 2, p. 755.) This 
railing caricature is in perfect keep- 
ing with the spirit of Wood when- 
ever he comes to notice any who 
dissented from his views, especially 
Baptists. Mr. Bampfield, by the 
most natural process, on beginning 
to see the false foundation of Epis- 
copacy, went step by step from 
Presbytery to Independency, and 
as necessarily became a Baptist; 
as to his Judaism, he was a 7th 
day Baptist. Mr. Wilson says, 
^* the candid reader will make all 
due allowances for the distorted 
picture drawn of this good man, 
by the Oxford libeller. We see 
so much of his abusive language 
that it becomes rather the object 
of contempt than of serious confu- 
tation. After his removal to Lon- 
don, Mr. Bampfield preached pri- 
vately several years with great 
success ; and gathered a congrega- 
tion that met on the seventh day, 
first at Devonshire Square, and 
then at Pinner's Hall. Here also 
persecution followed him. On the 
17th of February, 1682, a consta- 
ble and several men with halberts, 
rushed into the meeting-house 
while he was preaching, and or- 
dered him in the King s name to 
come down. He answered that 
he was discharging his office in 
the name of the King of kings. 
The constable telling him that he 
had a warrant from the Lord 
Mayor, Mr. Bampfield replied, " I 
have a warrant from Christ who is 
Lord MaximuSj to go on," and so 
proceeded in his discourse. The 
constable then desired one of the 
officers to pull him down ; when 
he repeated his text. Isa Ixiii. 4. 
The day of vengeance is in his 
heart, and the year of his redeemed 
ones is come ; adding, " He will 



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63 



ptiU down his enemtes." They 
then seized him and took him witn 
six others, hefore the Lord Mayor, 
who fined several of them ten 
pounds, and desired Mr. Bampfield 
to he gone. In the afternoon they 
met with a fresh disturhance in 
the same place. An officer, though 
not without tremhling, seized Mr. 
Bampfield, and led him into the 
street; hut the constahle having 
no warrant dismissed him, and he 
finished the service in his own 
house. On the 24th of the same 
month, he was again taken from 
his pulpit. Pinner's Hall, and led 
through the streets with his Bihle 
in his hand ; great multitudes fol- 
lowing him, and some saying : 
" See how he walks with the Si- 
hie in his hand like one of the old 
martyrs." The session then sitting, 
he was put to the har, and after 
examination, committed to New- 
gate. After his liheration, Mr. 
Bampfield returned to his work as 
usual ; and on the 17th of March, 
1683, with several other persons, 
was committed again to Newgate 
for refusing the oaths of allegiance 
and supremacy. At the ensuing 
Old Bailey session, they were all 
indicted, tried, and hy direction of 
the judge found guilty. On the 
28th of the same month, they were 
hrought to the hat to receive sen- 
tence, which the Recorder, after 
aggravating their offence, and cast- 
ing reflection upon scruples of con- 
science, read as follows : " That 
they were out of the protection of 
the King's Majesty ; that all their 
goods and chattels were forfeited 
during life ; that they were to re- 
main in jail during their lives or 
during the King's pleasure." Upon 
this Mr. Bampfield would have 
spoken, hut there was a great out- 



cry, " Away with them, put them 
away from the har, we will not 
hear them." While they were thus 
thrusting them away, Mr. Bamp- 
field said, "The righteous Lord 
loveth righteousness^ the Lord he 
judge in this case" They were 
then re-taken to Newgate, after 
heing kept ten hours in the hail- 
dock, a cold and loathsome place, 
where they received great injury. 
Mr. Bampfield heing of a tender 
constitution, could not long end are 
the hardships to which he was ex- 
posed ; hut quickly fell a sacri^ce 
to the harharities of those in power : 
being as much a martyr for the 
faith of Christ, as any of those con- 
fessors who suffered under the hea- 
then emperors, in the early ages of 
the Christian Church. Of what 
sort of materials must that church 
be composed which could sanction 
such proceedings ? Surely the 
blood of this righteous man will be 
required of some one ; and tremen- 
dously awful will be the retribu- 
tion ! How will the bishops and 
judges of those times, and how 
will their " most religious and gra- 
cious King," (as saith the Liturgy 
of the Church of England,) appear 
in that day, when the earth shall 
disclose her blood : when the Lord 
maketh inquisition for blood, he re- 
memhereth them: He will avenge 
the blood of his Saints ! 

Our faithful martyr was trans- 
lated to heaven on Saturday, 16th 
day of February, 1683-4. His age 
was lengthened out to the full 
period allotted to man ; the days 
of his pilgrimage being three-score 
years and ten. His body was in- 
terred amidst a vast concourse of 
spectators, in the burial gtound 
behind the Baptist meeting-house, 
Glass-house yard, Gosweil-streeL 



54 



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HAYNEb' BAPTIST 



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3Ir. Bampfield was much lamented 
by his fellow prisoners, as well as 
by his friends in general. All who 
knew him were convinced that he 
was a man of serious piety, and 
desen^ed a better treatment than he 
met with. He was a man of great 
learning and judgment, and one of 
the most celebrated preachers in 
the West of England. After he 
became a Baptist, and a Sabbata- 
rian, he lost much of his reputation 
amongst his former friends, but 
preserved his integrity to the last. 
His works discover him to be a 
man of considerable abilities." 
Walter V/ilson's History of Dis- 
SENTixo Churches, voL 2, p. 586- 

591. BiBLIOTHECA BrITANNICA. 

Athenae Oxon. 

BAXTER, Richard, of Kidder- 
minster, an eminent Nonconfor- 
mist Divine, and most voluminous 
author, was born in Shropshire, 
1615 ; died 1691. His earliest 
work was published in 1638. His 
numerous works with a life have 
been recently reprinted in upwards 
of twenty-six large 8vo. volumes. 
Those coming within the scope of 
this article, are : 1. " Scripture 
Proofs of Infants' Church Member- 
ship and Baptism, against Mr. 
Tombes. 2. Treatise on the Sa- 
craments. Lond. 1657, 4to. 3. 
More Proofs for Infants' Right to 
Baptism. Lond. 1675. 4. Review 
of the State of Christian (?) In- 
fants. Lond. 1676." " His works 
on Baptism," says Benedict, " were 
so frequent and severe, that he ac- 
quired the title of the great maul 
of the Anabaptists. Tombes and 
D'Anvers were his principal oppo- 
nents. The following passage in 
reply to D'Anvers has often been 
quoted by succeeding paedobaptist 
writers : " For my part, I cannot 



I find, in my small reading, that any 
I one divine, or party of men, did 
.certainly oppose or deny infant 
baptism for many hundred yean 
I after Christ. And again ; that the 
I world may now see what a cause 
:you put such a face upon, when 
, you cannot bring the least proof of 
'so much as one man (much less of 
! societies, and least of all godly so- 
jCieties,) that once oppose or deny 
infant baptism, from the Apostles' 
days till about Luther's time. And 
j further, I am fully satisfied, that 
you can not show me any society 
(I think not one man) that ever 
opened their mouths against the 
baptism of infants till about two 
hundred years ago or thereabouts ; 
which confirms me much that it 
is from the Apostles' time, or else 
some one would have been found 
as an opposer of it" Baxter's 
Plain Scripture Proof of Infant 
Baptism, pp. 157-261-266. D'An- 
vers, p. 367. Benedict, p. 266. 

'' In our baptism, we are dipped 
under the water, as signifying our 
covenant profession, that as he was 
buried for sin, we are dead and 
buried to sin. They (your lusts) 
are dead and buried with him, for 
so your baptism signifieth ; in 
which you are put under the water, 
to signify and profess, that your 
old man is dead and buried. We 
are raised to holiness by his spirit, 
as we rise out of water in baptism^ 
Paraphrase on New Test, at Rom. 
vi. 4., Col. ii. 12., 1 Pet. ui. 21. 
Booth in Peedobaptism Examined, 
p. 47. 

"We grant that baptism then, 
(in the primitive times,) was by 
washing the whole body ; and did 
not the difiierences ot our cold 
country, as to that hot one, teach 
us to remember, / will have mercy 



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55 



and not sacrificeSj it should be so 
here. It is commonly confessed by 
us to the Anabaptists, as our com- 
mentators declare, that in the 
Apostles' times the baptised were 
dipped over head in the water, and 
that this signified their profession, 
both of believing the burial and 
resurrection of Christ ; and of their 
own present renouncing the world 
and flesh, or dying to sin and living 
to Christ, or rising again to new- 
ness of life, or being buried and 
risen again with Christ, as the 
Apostle expoundeth in the forecited 
texts of Col. iii (Col.ii .) and Rom. 
vi. And though (as is before said) 
we have thought it lawful to dis- 
use the manner of dipping and to 
use less water, yet we presume not 
to change the use and signification 
of it." Paraphrase on the New 
Test, at Matt. iii. Q. Disputations of 
Right to Sacram. p. 70. Booth 
Paedobaptism Examined, p. 91. 

" My sixth argument shall be 
against the usual manner of their 
baptizing, as it is by dipping over 
head in a river, or other cold water. 
That which is a plain breach of the 
sixth commandment, Thou shalt 
not killj is no ordinance of God, but 
a most heinous sin. But the ordi- 
nary practice of baptizing over head 
in cold water — that which is a plain 
breach of the sixth commandment, 
therefore it is no ordinance of God, 
but an henious sin. And as Mr. 
Cradock in his book of Gospel 
Liberty BhewSjthe magistrate ought 
to restrain it, to save the lives of 
his subjects— that this is Jlat mur- 
der j and no better, being ordinarily 
and generally used, is undeniable 
to any understanding man. And 
I know not what trick a covetuous 
landlord can find out to get his 
tenants to die apace that he may 



have new fines and heriots, like- 
lier than to encourage such preach- 
ers, that they may get thein all to 
turn Anabaptists. I wish that 
this device be not it that counten- 
anceth these men. Catarrhs and 
obstructions, which are the two 
great fountains of most mortal dis- 
eases in man's body, could scarce 
have a more notable means to pro- 
duce them, where they are not, or 
to increase them where they are. 
Apoplexies, lethargies, palsies, and 
all comatous diseases, would be 
promoted by it. So would cephal- 
algies, hemicranies, phthises, de- 
bility of the stomach, crudities, 
and almost all fevers, dysenteries, 
diarrheas, colics, iliac passions, con- 
vulsions, spasms, tremors, and so 
on. All hepatic, splenetic, pulmo- 
niac persons, and hypocondriacs 
would soon have enough of it. In 
a word, it is good for nothing but 
to dispatch men out of the world 
that are burthensome, and to rank- 
en church yards. 1 conclude, if 
murder be a sin, the dipping ordi- 
narily in cold water over head in 
England is a sin : and if those who 
would make it men's religion to 
murder themselves, and urge it on 
their consciences as their duty, are 
not to be sufiered in a common- 
wealth, any more than highway 
murderers; then judge how these 
Anabaptists, that teach the neces- 
sity of such dipping, are to be suffer- 
ed. My seventh argument is also 
against another wickedness in their 
manner of baptising, which is their 
dipping persons naked, as is very 
usual with many of them, or next 
to naked, as is usual with the mo- 
destest that I have heard of. If 
the minister must go into the water 
with the party, it will certainly 
tend to his death : though they may 



56 



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escape that go in but once— would 
not vain young men come to a bap- 
tizing to see the nakedness of 
maids, and make a mere jest and 
sport of ay Plain Scripture 
Proof, p. 134-137. Booth in Pae- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 117 et 
seq. 

" We grant that baptism then (in 
the primitive times) was by washing 
the whole body; and did not the 
diflference of our cold country as to 
that hot one, teach us to remember, 
I will have mercy and not sacrifice^ it 
SHOULD BE so HERE." Paraphrase 
on the New Test, at Matt. iii. 6. 
Booth Paedobaptism Examined, p. 
137. 

" If there can be no example 
given in Scripture, of any one that 
was baptized without the profes- 
sion of a saving faith, nor any pre- 
cept fox so doing; then must we 
not baptize any without it. But 
the antecedent is true ; that giveth 
us the least intimation that ever 
man was baptized without the pro- 
fession of a saving faith, or that 
giveth the least encouragement to 
baptize any upon another faith." 
Disputat. of Right to Sac. p. 149, 
151. Booth Pcedobaptism Exc^ 
mined, p. 169. 

" What man dare go in a way 
which hath neither precept nor ex- 
ample to warrant it, from a way 
that hath full current of both ?" 
Plain Scrip. Proof, p. 24. Booth 
Paedobaptism Examined, p. 174. 

" If the very baptism of infants 
itself, be so dark in Scripture, that 
the controversy is thereby become 
so hard as we find it ; then to prove 
not only their baptism, but a new 
distinct end of their baptism, — will 
be a hard task indeed." N.B.— This | 
acknowledgment is contained in 
his book, entitled. Plain Scripture | 



Proof of Infant Church member' 
ship and baptism, p. 301. Booth 
in Padohaptism Examined, p. 182. 

" Some sober men, no way inclin- 
ed to Anabaptism, do think that 
w c ought not to call the sacraments 
svals, as being a thing not to be 
proved by the word" Apology 
against Mr. Blake, § Lxnr, p. 118, 
Booth Peedobaptism Examined, 
p. 312. 

'' This is not like some occasion- 
al historical mention of baptism, 
but it's the very commission of 
Christ to his Apostles, for preaching 
and baptising, and purposely ex- 
presseth their several works, in 
their several places and order. 
Their first task is by teaching to 
make disciples, which are by Mark 
called believers. The second work 
is to baptize them, whereto is an- 
nexed the promise of their salvation. 
The third work is to teach them 
all other things which are afterward 
to be learned in the school of Christ 
To contemn this order, is to re- 
nounce all rules of order ; for 
where can we expect to find it if 
not here ? I profess, my conscience 
is fully satisfied from this text, that 
it is one sort of faith, even saving 
that must go before baptism, and 
the profession whereof the minister 
must expect." Disputations of Right 
to Sac. p. 149, 150. Booth P^do- 
baptism Examined, p. 315. 

Lastly, " they (the Baptists) do 
plainly play the aeviVs part, in ac- 
cusing their own children and dis- 
puting them out of the church and 
house of God, and out of his pro- 
mises and covenant, and the privi- 
leges that accompany them ; and 
most ungratefully deny, reject, 
against the mercies that Christ, 
hath purchased for their children. 
and made over to them." Plain 



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57 



Scripture Proof, p. 13. Booth, Pa- 
dobaptism Examined^ p. 37d. 

Tne faith of the parent (he 
makes,) the condition of the child- 
ren's church-membership and of 
their salvation. Plain Scripture 
Proof, p. 315. Booth, Padobaptism 
Examined, p. 453. 

" Methinks men should desire to 
go on the surer side of the hedge ; 
and feeling where there is no law, 
there is no transgression, for being 
nothing else but a transgression ot 
the law, they should conclude, that 
it is certainly no sin, and therefore 
sa/l?5^, to let go those additions which 
no law enjoineth. But on the 
other side, that it may be a danger- 
ous sin to use them; both as being 
an accusation of Scripture as in- 
sufficient and as adding to God's 
worship. If, when his worship 
was so much ceremonious, he yet 
layeth a charge to do whatever he 
commanded, and add nothing there- 
to, nor take aught therefrom : (that 
is not to or from, the words com- 
manding only, but also the work 
commanded) is it likely, then, that 
he will be less jealous in this now." 
Plain Scripture Proof, p. 303. 
Booth in Paedobaptism, p. 476. 

" Upon the review of my argu- 
ments, upon the controversy about 
Infant Baptism," says the famous 
Nonconformist, " I find that I have 
used too many provoking words, for 
which I am heartily sorry, and de- 
sire pardon of God and him." i.e. 
Mr. Tombes, in Crosby's Hist. Bap. 
Vol. iii. Pref. p. 55. 

BLACKWOOD, Christopher.— 
To him is ascribed by Robert Watt, 
M.D., the authorship of the foUow- 
works : 1. The Storming of Anti- 
christ in his strongest Garrisons, 
of Compulsion of Conscience, and 



; Infants' Baptisme, 1644. 2. Apos- 
j tolical Baptisme ; or a sober Re- 
joinder to a Treatise written by Mr. 
I Thomas, intituled. Infants' Bap- 
tisme freed from Antichristianism. 
Lond. 1645. 4to. (See Blake, The- 
ma>s). 3. Some Pious Treatises 
on Sermons. Lond. 1654, 4to. 4. 
Sermons on the Ten first chapters 
of St. Matthew. Lond. 1659, 4to. 
(See Bibliotheca Britannica.) Be- 
nedict, p. 145, in his Genl. Hist.&c. 
1848, gives the title of the work 
on Apostolical Baptism in answer 
to Mr. Blake, and 2. A Brief Cate- 
chism concerning Baptism, first 
published at the end of his Storm- 
ing of Antichrist; afterward for 
the satisfaction and information of 
the people of God in Lancashire. 
1652. This was evidently a Bap- 
tist author. 

BARROW, Isaac, a native of 
Sufiblk, and an eminent Mathema- 
tician and Divine; Chancellor of 
the University of Cambridge, born 
1630 ; died 1677. This volumin- 
ous and learned writer is quoted 
by Booth from only one of his works, 
which was first published in Lon- 
don, 1688, 4to. as follows : 

" The action is baptizing, or im- 
mersing in water. The object 
thereof— those persons of any nation, 
whom his ministers can by their 
persuasion and instruction render 
his diciples, that is, such as do sin- 
cerely believe the truth of his doc- 
trine, and seriously resolve to obey 
his commandments. The mersion 
also in water, and the emersion 
thence doth figure our death to 
the former (worldly defilements,) 
and receiving to a new Life." 
Works, Vol. 1. p. 518, 520. Edit. 
1722. Booth in Paedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 61. 

"What the action itself enjoined 



08 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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is, what the manner and form there- 
of, is apparent by the words of our 
Lord's institution: going forth, 
saith he, teachy or disciple, all na- 
tions, baptizing them, &c.. The 
action is baptizing or immersing 
in water ; the object thereof, those 
persons of any nation, whom his 
ministers can, by their instruction 
and persuasion, render disciples; 
that is, such as do sincerely be- 
lieve the truth of his doctrine, and 
seriously resolve to obey his com- 
mandments." Works, Vol I. p. 
518. Edit. 1722. Booth, Padobap- 
tism Examined, p. 317. 

"They have indeed found the 
Pope in the Jirst chapter of Genesis. 
For if we believe Pope Innocent 
III. he is one of the two great 
Imninaries there; and he is as 
plainly there, as any where else in 
the Bible." On the Pope's Supre- 
macy, p. 155. Booth, Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 405. 

BALL, John, a Puritan Divine, 
of some eminence, was born in 
Oxfordshire, 1551, died 1640. One 
of his Theological works was trans- 
lated into the Turkish language. 
Previous to 1632, his first work 
passed through fourteen editions. 
Among other works he wrote " An 
Answer to Five Treatises of Mr. 
John Can," (author of the margi- 
nal references to the Bible, who 
was a Baptist) the first entitled, A 
Necessity of Separation from the 
Church of England, proved by the 
Nonconformists' Principles ; the 
other, A stay against straying; 
wherein, in opposition to Mr. John 
Robertson, he undertakes to 
prove the unlawfulness of hear- 
ing the ministers of the Church 
of England. Bibliotheca Brit- 
tanica. Booth in his Paedobap- 
tism Examined makes the fol- 



lowing quotation from this an- 
thor. 

" In whatever circumstance they 
(circumcision and baptism) agree, 
or differ, we must look \jo the in- 
stitution, and neither stretch it 
wider, nor draw it narrower, than 
the Lord hath made it. For he is 
the institutor of the sacraments 
according to his own good pleasure; 
and it is our part to learn of him, 
both to whom, how, and for what 
end the sacraments are to be ad- 
ministered ; how they agree, and 
wherein they differ. In all which 
we must affirm nothing, but what 
God hath taught us, and as he 
hath taught us." In Mr. Tombes's 
Examen. of Marshall's Serm. 

BACON, Lord, is quoted in Dr. 
Stennett's Answ. to Mr. Adding- 
ton, Part I, p. 34, as follows : " It 
is strange that the use of bath- 
ing as a part of diet, is left. With 
the Romans and Grecians it was 
as usual as eating or sleeping; 
and so it is amongst the Turks at 
this day." Booth's Padobaptism 
Examined ip. 159. See also Articles 
Encyclopedia Britannica, and Ri- 
CAVT, Paul in this vol. If the cold 
bath was so commonly used by 
Greeks and Romans as part 
of diet, it could not be injuri- 
ous to them to be immersed. 

BRADBUBY, Thomas, "a face- 
tious Preacher among the Dis- 
senters," says Watt, "was born 
in Yorkshire, 1677. We select 
from the catalogue of his works 
only two as appropriate to be 
noticed in this place. 1. Sermon 
on the Lord's Supper, 1 Cor. ix. 
24. 1738, 8vo. 2. Three Sermons 
on the Duty and Doctrine of Bap- 
tism. 1749, 8vo. Bibliotheca 
Britannica. 

''I know it is said, that the Jews 






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59 



had a method of baptizing among 
them, and our Saviour only fixed 
it with his disciples as he found it 
with his countrymen; but the 
Bible itself will not allow me to 
think as other men do, whatever 
their learning is. Nothing can be 
more apparent, than that the Jews 
expected that the person who 
brought baptism amongst them, 
must be either the Messiah him- 
self, or one of his forerunners. This 
was the question of the priests 
and Levites, who came from Jeru- 
salem, to ask John whether he was 
the Christ, or Elias, or that Prophet. 
And they that were sent were of 
the Pharisees, a people diligent to 
know the law, and zealous to ad- 
vance it. Therefore they ask him 
farther, why baptizest thou then, if 
thou be not the Christ, nor Elias, 
nor that Prophet ? And John in 
his answer shows us, that though 
the Jews mistook a circumstance, 
yet they were right in their notion. 
I knew him not, says he, but that 
he should be manifest to Israel, 
therefore am I come baptizing with 
water. The Apostle in his sermon 
at Antioch (though he abounded 
in Jewish learning) seems to say, 
that they never heard of any bap- 
tizing before John, Acts xiii. 24, 
25. John first preached before 
Christ the baptism of repentance 
to all the people of Israel ; and as 
he fulfilled his course, he said 
whom think ye that I am ? I am 
not he. From which things I con- 
clude, that the first time that ever 
the Church heard of baptism, was 
in reference to a person who was 
actually among them, and after a 
few weeks was to be declared and 
shown forth to Israel. To fetch it 
(baptism) from the Jews, and es- 
pecially from those traditional ser- 



vices that obtained in their Church, 
is a wild imagination, a no better 
than seeking the living among the 
dead. They had divers washings, 
and carnal ordinances, but our bap- 
tism was not one of them ; for they 
were only imposed on the people 
till the time of reformation, Heb. 
ix. 10. And therefore as they 
were all to be abolished, we can- 
not suppose that any of those 
worldly elements should be trans- 
planted into our religion, to leave 
any remains of bondage upon the 
glorious liberty of the sons of God. 
Peter speaks to those that knew 
nothing of that ordinance, as if it 
were a thing entirely new among 
them; Repent and be baptized 
every one of you : and it's said we 
are baptized into Christ. Actsii. 38. 
Rom. vi. 3. Both these solemni- 
ties (baptism and the holy supper) 
are represented as no more than 
fragments of Judaism. As if there 
was any propriety in our Lord tel- 
ling the disciples, that all power 
was given to him both in heaven 
and in earth, only to recommend a 
scrap of an old religion : or, as if 
the Apostle had any need to say, 
he hath received that of the Lord, 
which he received by the tradition 
of his fathers^ Duty and Doc. of 
Bap. p. 66, 56, 57, 148. Necess. of 
Contend, for Revealed Religion, 
p. 50. Booth Psedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 243. 

BRANDT, Mr., author of " His- 
tory of the Reformation," In-4nwo- 
tat. on B. ii. p. 8, as quoted by Mr. 
Booth in his Paedobaptism Ex- 
amined says: "That good and 
very ancient custom of baptizing 
infants, is advanced with too much 
violence by some, and opposed 
with no less by others. This cere- 
mony, as some think, prevailed first 



60 



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in Africa and Greece ; but in such j 
a manner that some doctors of the ; 
church openly declared, that they ■ 
could not consent to it." 

BARKER, Thomas, son of Sa- 
muel, died 1809, in the 88th year 
of his age, says Watt. He was 
an able and most extensive writer ' 
upon Meteorology and kindred to- 1 
.pics of natural science. His only, 
work worthy of note in this article 
was entitled : "The Duty, Cir- 
cumstance, and Benefit of Baptism 
determined hy Evidence ; with an 
Appendix showing the meaning of 
several Greek words in the New 
Testament. Lond. 1771, 8vo. Bib- 

LIOTHECA BrITANNICA. 

BLACKSTONE, Sir William, 
Knt. L.L.D., born in London 1723, 
died 1780. His Commentaries on 
the Laws of England were first 
published at Oxford, 1765, 4 vols. 
4to. As the law of interpretation 
applies to holy Scripture as to hu- 
man laws and to all writings,! 
Mr. Booth quotes Blackstone as 
follows: See Bibliotheca Brit- 

ANNICA. 

" The words of a law, are ge- 
nerally to be understood in their 
usual €Lnd most known ^igni&ceAion ; 
not so much regarding the proprie- 
ty of grammar, as their general and 
popular use ;" but, where words 
bear either none, or a very absurd 
signification, if literally understood, 
we must a little deviate from the 
received sense of them." Com- 
mentaries, vol. i. p. 59, 60. Dublin 
Edit. Booth, Faedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 36. 

BRAITHWAITE,Rev. George, 
M.A., was an English Baptist. 
" This worthy and respectable mi- 
nister," says Walter Wilson, " was 
born in the year 1681, at Fomace- 
falls, Lancashire; He died 19th 



July, 1748, in the €7&. year of his 
age. He was the author of seve- 
ral publications. 

1. The Nation's Reproach, aiid 
the Church's grief; or a s^oos 
and needful Word of Advice to 
those who needlessly frequ^lt Ta- 
verns, and Fublic-HouMgy and 
often spend the evening there. In 
a letter to my Neighbor, and Coun- 
trymen. 

2. The Saints' Desire in time, 
and Happiness in Eternity: A Ser- 
mon occasioned by the death of 
Mr. Humphrey Trend, preached at 
Devonshire-square, Dec. 19, 1736. 
Fsa. xvii. 15, 3. 

3. The Conflicts and Conquests 
of the born of God ; or Faith's 
victory and triumph over the 
world ; a Sermon preached Aug. 
30, 1741, on the Death of Mrs. 
Mary Newsham. 1 John, v. 4. 

His parents, and indeed the 
whole of his relations were zealous 
members of the Church of Eng- 
land, and from his infancy devoted 
him to the ministry in that Church, 
with a view to his succeeding an 
uncle, who was a celebrated preach- 
er in that part of the country. He 
was accordingly sent to a gram- 
mar-school near the place of his 
nativity ; whence after a while, 
he removed to a more noted semi- 
nary in Yorkshire, where he con- 
tinued till such time as he was 
sent to the University. There he 
attended the several lectures, and 
the usual course of academical 
exercises; and prosecuting his 
studies with diligence, took his de- 
gree of Master of Arts. Not long 
after some domestic occurrences 
obliged him to leave this seat of 
learning. In consequence of the 
illness of a near relation, who was 
supposed to be at the point of 



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death, he was hastened home, and 
after this, had no opportunity of 
returning. 

Mr. Braithwaite, in early life, 
l)ecame the subject of divine grace, 
and was made to experience the 
value of those blessings, which it 
was intended he should dispense to 
others. It was while a youth also 
that he embraced the distinguish- 
ing tenets of the Baptists, before 
he knew that there were any 
people of that profession in the 
world. But it is presumed, that 
he did not long remain uninformed 
as to this particular. Some time 
after his leaving the University, be 
came to London and joined a 
church of that persuasion under 
the care of the Rev. David Crossly, 
near Cripplegate. This was in 
the year 1706, when he was about 
twenty.five years of age. But 
Mr. Braithwaite's talents were not 
long to be concealed in this state 
of comparative obscurity. Though 
he consented to sit down a while 
as a private church member, yet 
the furniture he had acquired, fit- 
ted him in no small degree to be an 
instructor of others. Uis abilities 
for the ministry were first tried and 
approved by the church with which 
he communicated; and after so- 
lemn fasting and prayer, he was 
recommended to the great work of 
preaching the everlasting gospel. 
About this time he received con- 
siderable ofiers from his relatives 
and friends, who were very desir- 
ous that he should settle in the 
Church of England. But this not 
being agreeable to his judgment, 
he cheerfully sacrificed all outward 
advantages to the honor of Christ, 
and the peace of his own conscience. 
He had formerly determined that 
if God should call him by his 



grace, and put him into the minis- 
try, he would devote the first fruits 
of his labours to the poor ignorant 
people in his own native place. 
He accordingly went down into 
Lancashire, where a divine bless- 
ing accompanying his preaching, 
he soon gathered a church, and for 
some time went on comfortably. 
At length, a difierence arising 
about the terms of communion, a 
separation became necessary. But 
it was a very amickblo one, Mr. 
Braithwaite being able to conduct 
himself with that amiable and 
truly Christian spirit, which so 
greatly distinguished him. Though 
his longer continuance with his 
people was impracticable, yet he 
was resolved to leave them with . 
some mark of his afiection. A-c- 
cordingly he generously confirmed 
to the congregation and their suc- 
cessors for ever, the place of wor- 
ship, the burial ground, and the 
baptistery, which were all situated 
upon his own estate. After this 
he settled with a congregation at 
Bridlington in Yorkshire, where he 
preached several years with repu- 
tation and success ; and in all pro- 
bability had ended his days there, 
had not his zeal against prevailing 
intemperance rendered his situation 
uneasy. It was with a view to 
serve the best interests of his 
people, that, on this occasion, he 
published a ^inall treatise against 
unnecessary frequenting public 
houses, which gave great offence. 
His unsettled state being made 
known to his friends in London, 
they recommended him to the con- 
gregation in Devonshire-square, 
which he found no difliculty in ac- 
cepting. He accordingly removed 
to London, and was set apart in 
that place, 28th March, 1734. • Pr, 



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Gill gave the charge, and Mr. 
Wilson preached to the people. 
In this situation Mr. Braithwaite 
continued to the time of his death. 
In each of the above places his 
ministry met with acceptance and 
success. His preaching was plain, 
serious, and affectionate; and he 
had a remarkable gift in prayer. 
In this exercise he was noted for a 
holy importunity; and expressed 
himself with so much fervour, that 
it was thought to injure his consti- 
tution. He was enabled to main- 
tain a close communion with God ; 
and for two and thirty years to- 
gether kept an exact account of the 
frame of his spirit, in the closet, 
the family, and the world. The 
reflections with which his account 
is interspersed, discover the breath- 
ings of a truly pious mind. In 
his conversation he was friendly, 
affable, and courteous ; and took 
every opportunity of introducing 
something that might tend to edi- 
fication. He possessed a natural 
warmth of temper, of which he 
was sensible, and would after- 
wards acknowledge with regret. 
His circumstances in the former 
part of his life were easy and plen- 
tiful ; but as is often the case with 
Dissenting ministers, a large family, 
and confined income, greatly re- 
duced them. In the latter part of 
his ministry, he met with some 
sharp and unexpected troubles, 
which took great effect upon his 
spirits, and tended in no small de- 
gree, to break a constitution na- 
turally good. He lived however 
to see the clouds in a good measure 
disperse, for which he heartily 
thanked God, a little before his dis- 
solution. 

His decay was gentle and gra- 
dual ; and, for the most part, with- 



out pain or sickness. His under- 
standing was clear and unclouded, 
his conversation heavenly, and his 
satisfaction as to a better world, 
full and uninterrupted. He would 
say to the honour of sovereign 
grace, he had no fears, no doubts, 
and longed to be at home, where 
the wicked cease from troubling, 
and where his weary soul would 
be at rest. At length it pleased ; 
God to grant him his desire ; and 
his death was so remarkably easy, 
that, without a figure, he might 
be said to fall asleep in Jesus. His 
funeral sermon was preached at 
Devonshire-square, July 24th, 1748, 
by the Rev. Samuel Wilson, on 
2 Tim. iv. 7. 8. / have fought a 
good Jight^ ^c, a text chosen by 
the deceased. In this discourse 
Mr. Wilson says, " I persuade my- 
self that every one who was ac- 
quainted with the remarkable mo- 
desty and humility of the Rev. 
Mr. George Braithwaite, deceased, 
will readily acquit him of the 
charge of vanity in the choice of 
these words as the subject of his fu- 
neral discourse. I shall not easily 
forget the serious and very affection- 
ate manner in which, a little be- 
fore his death, he spoke to me upon 
this head : My dear brother, said 
he, (for that was the manner of the 
good man, always warm and pa- 
thetic,) I have nothing to boast of, 
far be it from me; but I bless God, 
he has, through his grace, enabled 
me, in a measure to be faithful, 
and I look upon it as a singular 
mercy, that I have not to charge 
myself with a single instance, in 
which I have been leflb to baulk 
my conscience, as to any one truth 
of the gospel, or ordinance of 
Christ, out of fear, or in favour to 
any man." " Glorious mercy !" 



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63 



adds Mr. Wilson, " to have in the 
view of eternity the testimony of 
a good conscience, that in simpli- 
city and godly sincerity, he had 
his conversation in the world, and 
at the same time to see his obliga- 
tion to a higher hand, and thank- 
fully to acknowledge that, by the 
grace of God he was what he 
was." History Dissenting Church- 
es BY Walter Wilson, vol. 1. pp. 
441-445. 

BAREBONE, Praise-God, 
an English Baptist minister of 
London, who in 1640 wm pastor 
of "just half" of the original mem- 
bers of Mr. Henry Jessey's church, 
which now for convenience was 
divided into two churches, the one 
under the pastorate of Mr. Jessey, 
and the other of Mr. Barebone. 
Wilson says, Mr. Barebone, " was 
by occupation a leather seller 
in Fleet-street, and, according to 
Rapin, (Hist. Eng. vol. 2. p. 590) 
passed among his neighbors for a 
notable speaker, being used to en- 
tertain them with long harangues 
upon the times. This pointed him 
out to the notice of Cromwell, who 
nominated him a member of the 
legislative body that succeeded the 
long parliament in 1653. In this 
assembly, he greatly distinguished 
himself for his activity ; insomuch 
that the members, who were but 
little skilled in politics, received 
from him, in derision, the appella- 
tion of Bareborne's Parliament. 
Upon the dissolution of this body, 
about five months afterwards, Bare- 
bone appears to have retired from 
any concern in the government; 
and we hear nothing further of him 
till 1659-60. Monk being then in 
London with a view of restoring 
the king, and intent upon the real 
mission of the secluded members, 



Barebome appeared at the head of 
a numerous rabble" (party rather) 
''alarming even to that intrepid 
general, and presented a petition 
to parliament against the regal in- 
terest." Monk, who knew the po- 
pularity of Barebone, was obliged 
to make a general muster of his 
army, and wrote a letter to the 
parliament, expostulating with 
them "for giving too much coun- 
tenance to that furious zealot and 
his adherents." The petitioners 
however received the thanks of 
the house for the expression of their 
good affection to the parliament. 
The same year he was concerned 
in the publication of a book against 
the Court of Charles the Second, 
entitled : " News from Brussels^ in 
a letter from a near attendant on 
his Majesttf% person^ to a person of 
honour here. Dated March 10, 1659, 
O./S." A reverend prelate styles 
this " a rascally piece against the 
King to expose him to the hatred 
of his people." It ought to be ob- 
served, that the reputed author of 
this book was Marchmont Need- 
ham, and Barebone only his agent 
in conveying it to the printer or 
bookseller. On the thirtieth of 
the foregoing month Mr. Barebone 
was summoned before the council 
of state, to answer to some matters 
objected against him; but on sign- 
ing an engagement not to act in 
opposition to the present govern- 
ment, or to disturb the same, he 
was discharged from further attend- 
ance. After the Restoration he 
was looked upon with a jealous 
eye, and on 26th Nov., 1661, was 
apprehended, together with Major 
John Wildman, and James Har- 
rington, Esq., and committed 
prisoner to the Tower, where he 
was confined some time. On the 



64 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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laeeting of parliament, early in the 
following year, the Lord Chancel- 
lor thought fit to alarm the house 
with the noise of plots and con- 
spiracies, and enumerated the 
names of several persons whom 
he reported to be engaged in trait- 
orous designs against the govern- 
ment. Among these were Major 
Wildman, Major Hains, Alderman 
Ireton, Mr. Praise God Barebone, 
&c. How far/ the charge against 
these persons was substantiated, or 
whether it was only a political en- 
gine of government to get rid of 
suspected individuals, we will not 
take upon us to say. Certain it 
is, that Mr. Barebone had now to 
contend with the strong arm of 
the civil power, which was directed 
with all the acrimony of party 
prejudice against persons of his 
stamp." 

With great candor and ingen- 
ousness Mr. Wilson confesses 
that : " The principles and conduct 
of this man are not sufficiently de- 
tailed in history, to form a just es- 
timate of their real nature and 
tendency. It seems probable, how- 
ever, from the preceding facts, con- 
nected with the history of the times 
in which he lived, that he drank 
somewhat into the wild enthusias- 
tic notions that disgraced some 
prevailing sects in his day." It 
may be remarked that most pious 
and otherwise charitable historians 
and divines of all Paedobaptist 
sects, never omit to seize any slan- 
derous pretext to brand Baptists, 
as a sect, with wild enthusiasm 
and fanaticism. They seek out 
all the vituperations and calumny 
of their political and sectarian op- 
ponents, interspersed for party 
purposes in their writings, and 
weave them together with the ad- 



I dition of remarks apparently can- 
did and charitable, sometimes, but 
frequently with marked bitterness 
of spirit and language. The truth 
seems evidently to be that Mr. 
Barebone, in common with the 
mass of Baptists in his times, sym- 
pathized with Cromwell so long 
as he flattered their hopes of his 
republicanism, but so soon as he 
began to develope his dictatorship 
and tendencies to imperial usur- 
pation, and devotion to the secta- 
rian and politico-religious partisan- 
ism of Presbyterians, they aban- 
doned him to his fate, and perhaps 
in some instances manifested their 
disappointment and opposition, 
which may have been the praise- 
worthy course of Mr. Barebone. 
Wilson continues: "This might 
lead him to certain extravagancies 
of conduct, which are not other- 
wise to be accounted for." Such 
extravagancies surely were only 
evidences of a fixed adherence to 
principle despite the changes of 
Cromwell and his party. Wilson 
adds : " The time of Mr. Barebone's 
death is not mentioned by any 
author we have met with, nor are 
we acquainted with any further 
particulars of his history. It may 
be observed, however, for the 
amusement of the reader, that 
there were three brothers of this 
family, each of whom had a sen- 
tence for his Christian name, viz. 
Praise-God Barebone ; Christ-came- 
into-the-world-to-save Barebone ; 
And-if -Christ - had - not - come- into - 
the- world-thou-hadst - been-damned 
Barebone : Some are said to have 
omitted the former part of the sen- 
tence, and to have called him 
only " Damned Barebone." This 
stile of naming individuals was 
exceedingly common in the time of 



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65 



the civil wars. It -wa» said that the 
genealogy of oar' SayiQur might 
be learnt from the nai^w in Crom- 
well's regiments, and that the 
muster-master used no other list 
than the first chapter of Matthew. 
It should be observed, however, 
that the absurdity of naming 
children after this manner, was 
not peculiar to that period; but 
was in use long before, and the 
practice continues, in some measure, 
even to the present day. A jury 
was returned in the county of Sus- 
sex of the following names : Ac- 
cepted Trevor, of Norrham; Re- 
deemed Compto, of Bath ; Faint- 
not Hewet, of Heathfield ; Make- 
j)ecu:e Heaton, of Hare ; God-re- 
ward Smsirty of Fivehurst; Stand- 
Jast'On-high Stringer, ofCrowhurst; 
Earth Adams, of Warbleton ; Kill- 
sin Pimple, of Whitham ; Return 
Spellman, ofWatling; Be-faithful 
Joiner, of Britling ; Fight-the-good- 
Ji^ht-of-faith White, of Emer; 
More-fruit Fowler, of East-Hadley; 
Hope-for Bending, of East-Hadley; 
Graceful Harding, of Lewes ; 
Weed-not Billings, of Lewes : Meek 
Brewer, of Okeham." The bio- 
graphy of Mr. Barebones, inter- 
spersed with additional strictures, 
is taken from Walter Wilson's 
History of Dissenting Churches^ 
Vol. 1. p. 47-49., who quotes Ra- 
pin's Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 
590. Granger's Biog. Hist. Eng- 
land, vol. iii. p. 68. Kennet's 
Chronicle, p. 52. Lord Clarendon,&c. 
BAKEWELL, Thomas, author 
of 1. Antinomians Confounded, 
and the Lord Christ exalted, &c. 
Lond. 1644, 4to. 2. Defence of 
Infant Baptism against Anabap- 
tists. Lond. 1646, fol. See Biblio- 
theca Biitannica^ also Benedict p. 
267. 



BARBER, Edward. Of this di- 
vine nothing is known except that 
to him is ascribed the authorship 
of — "A Treatise of Baptism or 
Dipping, wherein is clearly shown, 
that our Lord Christ ordained dip- 
ping, and that sprinkling of child- 
ren is not according to Christ's in- 
stitution ; and also the invalidity 
of the arguments which are com- 
monly brought to justify that prac- 
tice." Lond. 1641, fol. See Biblio- 
THECA BRiTTANiCA,and Ivimcy and 
Benedict, p. 142. 

BATEMAN, Rev. John P., an 
English Baptist, who entered tho 
ministry at eighteen years of ago, 
while a member of Grallon-stret^t 
Baptist Church, Westminster, and 
in 1805, Feb. 28th, was ordained 
Pastor of Edward-street, Soho, 
Particular Baptist Church, as sue- 
cesser of Rev. Richard Burnham. 
The ministers officiating at his in- 
stallation were Rev. Messrs. Ivimey, 
Keeble, Coxhead, Burnham, liens- 
ton, and Sylvester. "Mr. Bateman," 
says Walter Wilson, "went on suc- 
cessfully for about a year and a 
half, when he was seized with a 
disorder which put a period to his 
life, October 3, 1806, when he was 
only 22 years of age. Mr. Burn- 
ham preached his funeral sermon 
at Graflon-street, from Zach. xiv. 
6, and pronounced a warm eulo- 
gium upon the deceased." Wilson's 
Hist. Dissent. CHiraciiKs. Vol. iv. 
p. 30. 

I BRAY, Thomas, " An eminent, 
learned, and pious divine," says 
Watt, " was b<irn in Shropshire, 
in 16/i6; died 17»0. Amongst 
his numerous works was: "A 
short discourse on the Doc- 
trine of our Baptismal Covenant 
Lond. 1697, Hvo. Bibliotheca 
Britannica. 



66 



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BACKUS, Rev. Isaac. This dis- 
tinguished Baptist author and di- 
vine was born in Norwich, Con- 
necticut, 9th January, 1724; died 
20th November, 1806. The follow- 
ing is a complete list of the books 
and pamphlets which he published 
in* regular order : 

1. A Discourse on the internal 
Call to preach the Gospel, 1754. 

2. A Sermon on Gal. iv. 31, 
1756. 

3. A Sermon on Acts xiii. 27, 
1763. 

4. A Letter to Mr. Lord, 1764. 

5. A Sermon on Prayer, 1766. 
6 Discourse on Faith, 1767. 

7. An Answer to Mr. Fish, 1768. 

8. A Sermon on his Mother's 
Death, 1769. 

9. A Second edition of his Ser- 
mon on Gal. iv. 31, with an an- 
swer to Mr. Frothingham, 1770. 

10. A Plea for Liberty of Con- 
science, 1770. 

11. Sovereign Grace Vindicated, 
1771. 

12. A Letter concerning Taxes to 
Support Religious Worship, 1771. 

13. A Sermon at the Ordination 
of Mr. Hunt, 1772. 

14. A Reply to Mr. Holly, 1772. 

15. A Reply to Mr. Fish, 1773. 

16. An Appeal to the public in 
defence of Religious Liberty, 1773. 

17. A Letter on the Decrees, 1773. 

18. A History of the Baptists, 
vol.1, 1777. 

19. Government and Liberty 
described, 1778. 

20. A Piece upon Baptism, 1779. 

21. True Policy requires equal 
Religious Liberty, 1779. 

22. An Appeal to the people of 
Massachusetts against arbitrary 
power, 1780. 

23. Truth is Great and will Pre- 
vail, 1781. 



24. The Doctrine of Universal Sal- 
vation examined and refuted, 1782. 

25. A Door opened for Christian 
Liberty, 1783. 

26. A History of the Baptists, 
vol. ii. 1784. 

27. Godliness excludes Slavery, 
in answer to John Cleveland, 
1785. 

28. The Testimony of the Two 
Witnesses, 1786. 

29. An Address to New England, 
1787. 

30. An Answer to Remmele on 
the Atonement, 1787. 

31. A Piece on Discipline, 1787. 

32. An Answer to Wesley on 
Election and Perseverance, 1789. 

33. On the support of Gospel 
Ministers, 1790. 

34. An Essay on the Kingdom 
of God, 1792. 

35. A History of the Baptists, 
vol. iii. 1796. 

36. A second edition of the Ser- 
mon on the death of his mother, 
to which was added a short ac- 
count of his wife who died in 
1800. Published 1803. 

37. An Abridgement of the 
Church History of New England, 
1804. 

38. A Great Faith described, 
1805. 

The reader will be naturally 
curious to know something of the 
personal history and character of 
such an author. 

" Mr. Backus's personal appear- 
ance was very grave and vener- 
able," says Dr. Baldwin, his friend 
and cotemporary. "He was not 
far from six feet in stature, and in 
the latter part of his life consider- 
ably corpulent. He was naturally 
modest and diffident, which pro- 
bably led him into a habit, which he 
continued to the day of his death, 



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67 



of shutting his eyes when convers- 
ing or preaching on important sub- 
jects. His voice was clear and dis- 
tinct, but rather sharp than pleasant. 
In both preaching and praying he 
often appeared to be favoured with 
such a degree of divine unction, as 
to render it manifest to all that God 
was with him. Few men have 
more uniformly lived and acted up 
to their profession than Mr. Back- 
us. It may be truly said of him 
that he was a burning and shining 
light; and, though dead, he left 
behind him the good name which 
is better than precious ointment." 
Mr. Backus' own account of his 
early religious life will not be un- 
interesting to the pious. 

"My being born of religious 
parents, and having a religious 
(though not what is called a liberal) 
education, I have ever esteemed an 
unspeakable favour. Yet I neglect- 
ed the great salvation for more 
than seventeen years, because of 
the secret imagination that it would 
abridge my present liberty and 
comfort; and also that when I 
should in good earnest set about 
the work, God would be moved to 
help, pardon, and save me. But 
in May, 1741, my eyes were open- 
ed to see that time was not at my 
command, and that eternity was 
directly before me, into which I 
might justly be called the next 
moment. Then I knew what it 
was to work for my life, for three 
months, until on August 24, as I 
was alone in the field, it was de- 
monstrated to my mind and con- 
science, that I had done my ut- 
most to make myself better, with- 
out obtaining any such thing ; and 
that I was a guilty sinner in the 
hands of a holy God, who had a 
right to do with me as seemed good 



in his sight ; which I then yielded 
to, and all my objections were 
silenced. 

"And soon upon this a way of re- 
lief was opened to my soul which 
I had never any true idea of 
before, wherein truth and justice 
shine with lustre in the bestow- 
ment of free mercy and salvation 
upon objects who have nothing in 
themselves but badness. And while 
this divine glory engaged all my 
attention, my burden of guilt and 
evil dispositions was gone, and 
such ideas and inclinations were 
implanted in my heart as were 
never there before, but which have 
never been rooted out since, though 
often overclouded." 

At about the age of eighteen 
years he united with the Paedo- 
baptist Separate church, but after 
two years withdrew from it. In 
1746, in September, he entered 
the ministry, and about a year 
subsequently, he was led by the 
openings of Providence to preach 
in Titicut, between the rivers 
Bridgewater and Middleborough,^ 
Plymouth county, Massachussetts, 
where he dispensed the word of 
life sixty years. In February after 
he began to preach in Titicut, a 
Psedobaptist Separate church arose 
under his ministry, which was con- 
siderably successful. In the Au- 
gust following, under the preach- 
ing of the Rev. Mr. Moulton, a 
Baptist, the members of Mr. Back- 
us' church were stimulated to in- 
vestigate the subject of baptism, 
which resulted in the baptism of 
ten of them by Mr. Moulton. This 
circumstance awakened a spirit of 
research into the teachings of scrip- 
ture upon this ordinance in the 
mind of Mr. Backus, their former 
minister. Read his own humble 



68 Ba hayxes' baptist Ba 

confession : " About three months each of these were extraordinair 
after," he says, " when the heat of cases, which were not repeated, 
controversy was abated, the ques- and therefore could afford no plea 
tion was put to my conscience, in for dispensing w^ith a rule at ordin- 
my retired hours, A\Tiere is it, and ary times. And as to Banyan's 
in what relation to the church, do capital argument, which is, Cfcd 
those stand who are baptized but fiath received them^ therefore we 
not converted ? I could see that ought to ; it was observed, his ex- 
all the circumcised were obliged to ample is often inimitable by us, 
keep the passover ; and I had seen but as far as it is imitabie, it is al- 
that there was no half-way in the ways in the truth. Hence truth is 
Christian Church, nor any war-! never to be violated for any one, 
rant to admit any to communion j no, not to save natural life, which 
therein, without a credible profes- all lawful means should be used to 
sion of saving faith. No tongue > preserve. And truth so clearly re- 
can tell the distress I now felt, j quires baptism before the Supper, 



Could I have discovered any foun 
dation in Scripture for my former 
practice, I should most certainly 
have continued therein; but all 



that Paedobaptists do never come 
to the table with any but such as 
are baptized in their esteem. 
Neither could we understandingly 



my efforts failing, I was at last • act in being buried in baptism, un- 
brought to the old standard, so as j til we were convinced that what 
to leave good men and bad out of was done to us in infancy was not 
the question, and simply inquire \ gospel baptism ; therefore, to com- 
what saith the Scripture .^" As j mune at the Lord's table with any 
might naturally be expected, as : who were only sprinkled in infancy, 
the result of adopting such a prin- ■ is parting with truth, by practically 
ciple of investigation, on the 22nd . saying they are baptized, when 
August, 1751, Sir. Backus became I we do not believe they are. I 
a Baptist, but retained his pastoral ; since find that the learned and 
relation to hischurchuponthe open! pious Dr. Watts, in his "Rational 
communion plan four years, upon \ Foundation of the Christian 
which he has penned the following! Church," allows this argument to 
acknowledgment. "The arguments j be just, though many still wrangle 
of the beloved Bunyan for a free \ against it." 

communion with all saints had be- 1 It was chiefly as the Baptist 
fore appeared conclusive to me and j author and historian that Mr. Back- 
others; but a review of them dis-jus was distinguished, although he 
covered his mistake. One argu- \ was an able, good, and successful 
ment is, that plain laws of old, I minister. To no man perhaps are 
were sometimes dispensed with ; i the American Baptists, and all 
as circumcision was omitted in j denominations of Christians more 
the wilderness ; David ate of the deeply indebted, under God, than 



shew-bread, that was not lawful 
for him, and the people in Heze- 



to Mr. Backus for their enjoyment i 
of equal religious liberty, under the 



kiah's time ate of the Passover, constitution of the United States, 
otherwise than it was written; but by the final adoption of Art. 2. of 
it was proved upon search, that; the amendments to that constitu- 



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69 



tion by Congress, which is clearly 
traceable to the efforts of this grertt 
man and his coadjutors, in hi? v.::- 
pacity of agent of the Baptists t'* 
Massachusetts. But as this sub- 
ject will be treated more fully and 
methodically in that department 
of this work devoted to a Chrono- 
logical Compendium and Review 
of Baptist History, it is here omit- 
ted with the simple reference to so 
much of that portion of this work 
as is embraced in the period from 
1638 to the close of Washington's 
administration. The reader is re- 
ferred also to Memoirs of Mr. 
Backus in Encyclopedia of Reli- 
gious Knowledge, — Baptist Library 
vol. 2 — and a memoir prefixed to 
Backus' Abridged Church History, 
&c. Ed. Philadelphia, 1844. 

The most pleasing portraiture of 
a great man is, in his intimacy with 
God. From the last quoted me- 
moir may here be added an illus- 
tration of Mr. Backus' power both 
with God and man. In settling a 
distressing difficulty, the par- 
ties had been detained all night 
until the dawn of day, when, after 
having long sat in silence with 
his head bowed down and his 
spirit depressed, Mr. B. rose up, 
saying, — Let tis look to the throne 
of gra^^e once 77iore ; and then 
kneeling down he prayed." The 
effect was electrical. The parties 
relented and were reconciled. See 
Baptist Library^ Memoir of Mr. 
Backus above quoted. Encyclope- 
dia Religious Knowledge, and Be- 
nedict. 

BASKETT, William, a Baptist 
minister, was bom in Goochland 
county, Virginia, October 1741 ; at 
about 20, married Miss Mary Pace, 
a native of the same county ; on 
the 21st April, 1815, she died, and 



he on the 30th of the same month. 
He maintained family worship 
r:oven years after his marriage, 
J cading his prayers, and attending 
Vio Episcopal Church, and partook 
oi iho communion of the body and 
blood of Christ while yet unrege- 
neratc. About this time he and 
his wife first heard Baptist preach- 
ing by the Rev. Mr. Corbley, on a 
tour of evangelism, and were 
awakened. Mr. Baskett being 
ignorant, deeply excited, and 
scarcely able to attend to his ordin- 
ary business, sought advice from 
his rector, who said that he always 
felt assured of heaven when he 
kept the commandments. The 
formalists of the church thought 
Mr. B. deranged. He furnished 
an account of his early religious 
life, in a letter to a friend, shortly 
previous to his death, yrhich is in- 
teresting. He says : "In my child- 
hood and youth I often promised 
God I would serve him, if spared 
to be a man. From my marriage, 
in my twentieth, until my twenty- 
seventh year, I attended scrupu- 
lously to secret and public prayer 
and worship, and to the ordinance 
of the Supper. But now I saw 
myself a guilty a^.^ undone sinner ; 
and during eight months was with- 
out comibrt. At length, one night 
at midnight, on my bended knees, 
imploring divine mercy through 
Christ, and throwing myself at 
the disposal of sovereign grace, my 
mind was turned to the words — 
" He that trusts in the Lord shall 
never be confounded." I saw that 
" God was in Christ reconciling 
the world unto himself, not impu£ 
ing their trespasses unto them." 
For several days my heart was 
filled with joy. Since, my life has 
been a constant warfare; I am 



70 



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HAYNE8* BAPTIST 



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sensible of much remaining im- 
perfection, but cannot fear death 
or judgment. The judge is him- 
self my friend; nor do I appre- 
hend destruction by my spiritual 
foes or my trials. It is God who 
worketh in us, both to will and to 
do. In six troubles he is with us, 
and doth not forsake us in the 
seventh. If we pass through waters, 
they can not overflow us ; if through 
fires they cannot burn us. I be- 
lieve all this in my heart. If my 
conduct does not agree with this, 
place no confidence in me or what 
I say. My desire is to glorify God 
through 1 Le remainder of my life. 
The tree is best known by its fruits. 
Please to send an account of your 
own religious experience." 

In 1789 Mr. Baskettwas ordained 
to the ministry, having from 1774 
been active and zealous in the 
church fonned that year, called 
Liles. He had been successively 
under the pastorship of Elijah 
Craig, and Webber. He was sub- 
sequently a pastor, and his fidelity 
and piety were crowned with hap- 
piness in his family, prosperity in 
his affairs, and usefulness in the 
ministry. He prettched the fune- 
ral discourse upon the death of his 
wife, and Rev. Messrs. Purrington 
and Hiter both delivered discourses 
upon the death of Mr. Baskett and 
his wife. See Robert Lilh/s piece 
in Taylor's Lives Virginia Baptist 
Ministers^ p. 89-92. 

BATES, J. A British Baptist 
mentioned by Benedict in his Gen. 
Hist. Baptists, edition of 1848, p. 
207, as author of "What Baptists 

BELIEVE, and OTHER TraCTS." 

BANE, John, a British Baptist, 
author of " Strict Communion Vin- 
dicated," Benedicty as quoted in 
preceding article j p. 207. 



BALDWIN, Thomas, D.D., the 
author of the following works : 

1. Open Communion Examined. 
1789. 

2. The Baptism of Believers 
only, and the Particular Com- 
munion of the Baptist Churches 
Explained and Vindicated. Boston, 
8vo. pp. 105. 1794. 

3. Appendix on Baptism and 
Communion. 8vo. pp. 180. 1806. 

4. Discourse at the Thanksgiving. 
1795. 

5. Quarterly Sermon, 1799. 

6. At the Concert of Prayer. 
1799. 

7. Account of a Revival of 
Religion. 1799. 

8. Sermon on the Death of 
Lieutenant Governor Phillips. 1802. 

9. Election Sermon. 1802. 

10. Thanksgiving Sermon. 1804. 

11. Missionary Sermon. 1804. 

12. Ordination Sermon at ordina- 
tion of D. Merrill. 1805. 

13. Sermon before Female Asy- 
lum. 1806. 

14. Sermon on the Death of Dr. 
Stillinan. 1807. 

15. Sermon on Artillery Election. 
1807. 

For a synopsis of the plan of 
of Dr. Baldwin's works on Bap- 
tism and Communion, the reader 
is referred to Benedict's work, (1848) 
p. 210-212. 

Mr. Brown has applied to him 
the following beautiful verse : 

'* He fvas a good man. And amid our tears, 
Sweet, grateful thoughts within our bosoms 
rise ; 
We trace his spirit up to brighter spheres, 
And think with what pure rapturous sur- 
prise 
He found himself translated to the skies : 
From night at once awoke to endless noon ! 

Oh ! with what transport did his eager eyes 
Behold his Lord in glory ! Twas the boon 
His heart had longed for ! Why deem we it 
came too soon ?" 



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71 



He was born 23rd Dec. 1753, at 
Norwich, Connecticut, died at 
Waterville, Maine, 29th August, 
1825, aged 71. He was educated 
a Psedobaptist, but in 1781 was 
baptized and joined the Baptist 
Church at Canaan, New Hamp- 
shire. He preached his first ser- 
mon August, 1782, was ordained 
an evangelist 11th June, 1783, and 
in 1790 became pastor of the se- 
cond Baptist Church, Boston, 
which relation he sustained to the 
close of life. He was a member 
of the Convention for revising the 
Constitution of Massachusetts, and 
was nominated to the office of 
Elector for President just before he 
died. He was the most eminent 
among his brethren, not only in 
New England, but more than once 
his piety, talents, and address 
quelled the excitement in the 
Baptist Triennial Convention for 
the United States, as if by a magi- 
cal charm. Encyclopedia Rel. 
Knowledge. 

BAKER, Rev. Elijah, a Bap- 
tist minister of Virginia, was born 
in Lunenburg county, in 1742 ; died 
6 November, 1798, in his 56th year. 
He was baptized in 1769 by Rev. 
Mr. Harriss, and became a member 
of Meherrin Church, in his native 
county, and immediately began to 
preach Christ crucified, and soon 
ailer was ordained pastor of Ma- 
lone's Church in Mecklenburgh 
county, which office he sustained 
a year, and then resigned his pas- 
toral charge, and devoted himself 
to the work of an evangelist, in 
which his labors were eminently 
successful, resulting in the planta- 
tion of churches on the eastern 
shore of Virginia, and, in fact, 
about all between the city of Rich- 
mond and Hampton. From 1773 



to 1776, he travelled chiefly in 
the counties of Henrico, New Kent, 
&c., down to Warwick, and ex- 
tending his indefatigable labors to 
Gloucester. He finally located 
on the eastern shore, through the 
influence of a Mr. Elliot, who had 
been converted through his preach- 
ing. He was the first Baptist 
minister who preached in that 
portion of Virginia, and on his 
first visit the failure of the Episco- 
pal clergyman to attend his ap- 
pointment, resulted in his being 
permitted to address the people in 
the open air, which caused the 
rector to announce at his next 
meeting his intention to show the 
errors of Baptists. Mr. Baker at- 
tended, and for a week afterwards 
preached to the people daily, bap- 
tizing not a few of his hearers, and 
here he settled and married Miss 
Sarah Copeland, and became pas- 
t.)r of Northampton Church, in 
Northampton county, in 1778. He 
was afterwards imprisoned in Ac- 
commac jail. "The atrocious at- 
tempt to prosecute," says Mr. 
Semple, " was that of seizing him 
by a lawless power, and carrying 
him on board a vessel in the ad- 
jacent waters, where they left him, 
having contracted with the captain 
to make him work his passage over 
the seas, alleging, that he was a 
disturber of the peace. This took 
place on Saturday night. He was 
immediately put to work, and 
kept at it until late at night. The 
next day being Sunday, he asked 
and obtained leave of the captain 
to sing and pray among the crew. 
The captain attended, and was 
convinced that he W6is a good man. 
Without delay he set him on shore. 
In the mean time, his friends had 
despatched a messenger to the 



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governor, to obtain authority to 
prevent his being carried oflf forcibly. 
This they obtained, but Mr. B. was 
discharged before his return." " In 
Mr. Baker," says Dr. Lemon, (at 
whose house he died,) "I found 
the Israelite indeed, the humble 
Christian, the preacher of the gos- 
pel in the simplicity of it, and the 
triumphant saint in his last mo- 
ments. In his preaching he was 
very plain, and generally experi- 
mental ; always very express on 
the doctrine of regeneration ; never 
entering upon the doctrines by 
which he conceived he would give 
offence to one or another. In his 
last illness, I attended his bed-side, 
day and night, for three weeks, 
and had many most agreeable con- 
versations with him, on the glori- 
ous things of the kingdom of Christ. 
He retained his senses to the last 
minute, and seemed rather trans- 
lated than to suffer pain in his dis- 
solution. Death was to him as 
familiar in his conversation as if he 
talked of an absent friend whom 
he expected to visit." 

As a good specimen of the style 
of a letter of inquiry into the his- 
tory of the life of one, a part of 
whose biography is known, and 
the remainder sought by a biograph- 
er or historian, Mr. Leland writing 
to Mr. Semple may be quoted. He 
says : " Is it possible for you to get 
the biography of Elijah Baker? 
He began his career in Mecklen- 
burgh, or near that place : was co- 
temporary with John Williams, 
and was first ordained in a church 
of that county ; then came to Boar- 
swamp, and, with J. Anthony, plant- 
ed that church ; then to Charles 
city, James city, and York, where 
he also planted churches ; thence 
he crossed the Mockjack bay, and 



did the like in a part of Glouces- 
ter, called Guinea; thence over 
the bay to the eastern shore of 
Virginia and Maryland, where he 
constituted the first ten Baptist 
churches in those parts. He was 
a man of humble parentage, small 
learning, and confined abilities; 
but with one talent he did more than 
many do with five. If justice 
could be done his memory, the de- 
tail would make a rich page in 
your history. At the last Salis- 
bury Association, which he attend- 
ed when nearly worn out with dis- 
ease, at the close of the meeting 
he addressed the audience in a 
manner as if heaven and earth 
were coming together, and then re- 
turning to Mr. Lemon's, soon died." 
See Lives of Virginia Baptist 
Ministers, by J. B. Taylor, p. 108- 
113. 

BLAKE, Thomas, an English 
Puritan Divine, was born in 
Staffordshire,1597, died 1657, wrote, 
1. Treatise of the Covenant of 
God with mankind. Loud. 1643, 
4to. 2. The Covenant sealed, or 
concerning the Sacraments of both 
Covenants. Lond. 1655, 4to. 3. 
Living Truths in Dying Times. 
1665, 12mo. This is, most pro- 
bably, the same author noticed un- 
der the Art. BLACKWOOD, 
Christopher, in this volume, and 
quoted by Booth (see Bibliothe- 

CA BrITANNICA,) in his PiEDOBAP- 

TisM Examined, p. 338, 370, as fol- 
lows: "I shall conclude in the 
words of Mr. Rivet. If a parent 
wants true faith, yet makes profes- 
sion of it, and in the external so- 
ciety of the church is accounted a 
believer, or hath been accounted 
heretofore under the Old Testament, 
the infants bora of such parents are 
in covenant with them, and par- 



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takers of the promise, even upon 
this account^ because the promise 
was received of the ancestors in 
behalf of the posterity that should 
issue from them ; which the unbe- 
lief or the hypocrisy of the imme- 
diate parent cannot make invalid, 
as long as the infant cannot imitate 
the unbelief or hypocrisy of the 
parent." Vindicia Foederis^ chap. 
XLvii, sec. iii. p. 446, 447. " We 
have examples not to be contemned 
of the baptizing of whole house- 
holds ; and whether infants were 
there or no, as it is not certain, 
though probable, so it is not ma- 
terial. The precedent is an house- 
hold. He that followeth the pre- 
cedent must baptize households. 
It appears not that any wife was 
there ; yet he that followeth the 
precedent must baptize icives ; and 
so I may say servants^ if they be of 
the household." Quoted in Mr. 
ToMBEs's Examen. p. 141. Booth's 
Padobaptism Examined^ p. 370, 
338, as above cited. Such a pas- 
sage is worthy of quotation for its 
singularity and sophistry. If all 
the various and conflicting grounds 
upon which Psedobaptists have in 
different ages and by their various 
writers attempted to prop up infant 
baptism should be collected under 
heads and set down separately in 
order, it might show how very 
ridiculous and absurd is a system 
which needs such defence, and 
which is so bigoted as to invent 
new devices rather than to admit 
the truth. 

BLAKE, Daniel. Some refer- 
ence was made to him under Art. 
AXTELL, Lady, which see. To 
the Baptists not only of South 
Carolina, but of the whole south- 
em and south-western States, the 
history of this family is interesting. 



on account of its connection with 
the beginning of Baptist history, 
south of the River Potomac, in the 
United States of America. In, the 
"Lives of the British Admirals, 
by Dr. John Campbell. Lond. 1817. 
in 8 vols. 8vo," it is said (vol. 2. 
p. 298, 299) of Admiral Blake: 
"His descent was very honorable, 
the family from which he sprung 
having been long settled at Plane- 
field, in the parish of Spaxton, in 
Somersetshire, (England). Mr. 
Humphrey Blake, his father, was 
a Spanish merchant, and having 
acquired a considerable fortune for 
the times in which he lived, bought 
a small estate in the neighborhood 
of Bridgewater, where his family 
had been long settled. He had 
several children, the eldest of whom 
was Robert." Robert had a brother, 
Captain Benjamin, mentioned by 
Campbell, vol. 2. p. 311. Daniel 
Blake was another brother of Ro- 
bert, the Admiral. Oldmixon, in 
"The History of South Carolina," 
London, 1708, as found in "His- 
torical Collections of South Caro- 
Una, by B. R. Carroll," vol. 2, p. 
407, 408, 409, speaking of the close 
of Gov. West's administration in the 
province of South Carolina, in 
1683, has this passage : " Mr. West 
is charged with dealing with the 
Indians, for which, and opposing 
the Proprietaries' party, he was re- 
moved in the year 1683, and Joseph 
Moreton, Esq., appointed Governor 
in his stead. Twas about this 
time, that the persecution raised 
by the Popish party in England 
against the Protestant Dissenters, 
was at its height, and no part of 
this kingdom suffered more by it 
than Somersetshire. The author 
of this history lived at the time 
with Mr Blake, brother to the 



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famous General of that name, 
being educated by his son-in-law, 
who taught school in Bridgewater, 
and remembers, though then very 
young, the reasons old Mr. Blake 
used to give for leaving England : 
one of which was, that the mise- 
ries they endured, meaning the 
Dissenters, then, were nothing to 
what he foresaw would attend the 
reign of a Popish successor ; where- 
fore he resolved to remove to Caro- 
lina ; and he had so great an inter- 
est among persons of his principles, 
I mean Dissenters, that many hon- 
est, substantial persons engaged to 
go over with him. I must prevent 
all prejudice to what I have said, 
by declaring that this book was 
written by one who is not himself 
a Dissenter, but verily believes 
the true Church of England is the 
most orthodox and the most pure 
Church in the world. And by the 
true Church of England he under- 
stands all those who live up to the 
doctrine it professes ; who, by their ; 
piety, charity, and moderation, are 
ornaments of our holy religion, and 
do not blindly espouse a name out 
of interest^ or from the impressions 
of education ; who pity and not 
hate, such as dissent from them ; 
who are loyal to their prince, sub- 
missive to their superiors, true to 
their country, and charitable to all. 
Of such a temper is every true 
churchman ; and may their num- 
bers daily increase, till we are all 
of one mind and one religion, as 
we have but one God and one 
Saviour. If the reader will pardon 
this digression, he shall have no 
more, and so much 'twas necessary 
to say, that he may not think, 
whatever is said of Mr. Blake and 
his brethren, is out of respect to his 
profession,' {BaptisU) "but as a 



Christian ; for tho' I doubt not that 
there may be many good Christians 
of the same principles, I should 
esteem them more if they would 
be convinced and conform ; that 
the union, so often recommended 
by our glorious and gracious Queen 
Anne^ may be universal. I say 
the more of Mr. Blake, because Im 
family is one of the most consider- 
able in this province," (South 
Carolina) " where he arrived in the 
year 1683, with several other fa- 
milies, the followers of his fortune. 
What estate he sold in England, 
he sold to carry the effects along 
with him ; and tho' the sum was 
not many thousands, if it did at all 
deserve the plural number, yet 
'twas all his great brother left him, 
tho' for several years he command- 
ed the British fleet ; and in a time 
when our naval arms were victo- 
rious, and the treasures of New 
Spain seldom reached home. By 
Mr. Blake's presence in Carolina^ 
the Sober Party, we call them so, 
in opposition to Mr. Archdale's 111 
Livers, began to take heart, and 
the other to be discouraged in their 
irregular courses. The gentleman 
I just mentioned" (Gov. Archdale) 
"in his Description of South Co- 
rolinawTites thus : " In Gov. More- 
ton's time, General Blake's brother, 
with many dissenters, came to Ca- 
rolina, which Blake, being a wise 
and prudent person, of an heroick 
temper of spirit, strengthened the 
hands of sober inclined people, and 
kept under the first loose and ex- 
travagant spirits, &c. The Gov., 
we are told, married Mrs." (Miss) 
"Elizabeth Blake, his daughter, 
and by this alliance, the strength 
of their party was so increased, 
that we hear nothing of the other 
till Mr. Colliton's government." 



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(Histor. Coll. So. Car. vol. 2. p. 
407-409.) Hewitt, and after him, 
Dr. Manly and others, seem to have 
confounded father and son, not dis- 
criminating between Daniel and 
Joseph Blake. Oldinixon, from his 
personal acquaintance with the 
Blake family, is, therefore, of all 
others, the best authority in such 
matters. He says Mr. Archdale, 
to use his own phrase, " Returned 
for England, being not sent home." 
And Joseph Blake, Esq , son of the 
before mentioned Mr. Blake" 
(Daniel) "became a Proprietary, 
and was looked upon as the fittest 
person to succeed in his govern- 
ment, in which office he behaved 
himself to the satisfaction of the 
whole country, which he governed 
with equal prudence and caution." 
Histor. CoUec. South Car. vol. 2, p 
416. Rev. Mr. Hewitt makes Daniel 
Blake to have been Gk)vernor as 
successor to Landgrave Smith un- 
til the arrival of Gov. Archdale. 
Histor. CoUec. So. Car. vol. I, p. 
117 and note, and Joseph Blake, 
his son, to have been appointed 
Governor by Archdale on his re- 
turn to England, and afterwards 
made Governor again. Histor. Coll. 
So. Car. vol. 1, p. 124. Thus it ap- 
pears that Daniel Blake's daughter 
Elizabeth, and sister of Joseph, 
was married to Gov. Joseph More- 
ton, so that Moreton, Daniel Blake's 
son-in-law, Daniel Blake, and his 
son Joseph Blake, each had the 
honour of being Governor of the 
Province at different periods from 
1685 to 1700. Joseph Blake was 
a Presbyterian. Histor. CoUec. So. 
Car. vol. 1, p. 316. Daniel Blake 
was a Baptist adherent, if he was 
not a communicant, says Dr. Man- 
ley, upon the authority of Hewitt. 
According to Morgan Edwards, 



Backus, Furman, and Benedict, 
Mrs. Blake, wife of Daniel, and 
her mother, Mrs. Aztell, were Bap- 
tists, and united in 1683 with the 
Baptist Church under Mr. Screven's 
care, which is now the first Bap- 
tist Church of Charleston. Lady 
Axtell presented the glass chan- 
delier to that church. 

An act was passed and signed by 
the Governor and Deputies of the 
Province of South Carolina, 4th 
November, 1704, entitled " An Act 
for the establishing Religious Wor- 
ship in this Province according to 
the Church of England; and for 
erecting of Churches for the pub- 
lic worship of God, and also for 
the maintainance of Ministers, and 
the building convenient houses for 
them." They established a High 
Commission Court, of which one 
James Serurier, alias Smith, Esq., 
was a prominent and obnoxious 
commissioner. Oldmixon, writing 
upon the subject, says: "It will 
now be proper to give a character of 
this James Serurier, who has been 
mightily employed by the present 
government in Carolina; and we 
can not do it better than in using 
the same words Mrs. Blake, mother 
of the Proprietary, Joseph Blake, 
Esq., writes to the Lords Proprie- 
taries. She says : " Towards the 
satisfaction of the Augustine debt, 
an act was contrived for forcing the 
currency of bills of credit to the 
value of 6000/. These bills were 
declared current in all payments, 
and the refuser of them sueable in 
double the value of the sum refused ; 
whereby the boldest stroke has 
been given to the property of the 
settlers in this Province that ever 
was known in any country not 
governed by arbitrary power. And 
the bad consequences of this forced 



76 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Bjl 



currency, in relation to trade with 
strangers are so great, that they can 
scarcely be exprest. But there has 
nothing of this been weighed by 
your Lordships' Deputies here, or by 
the packed members of our Com- 
mons House of Assembly. Besides 
all this, we are not satisfied how 
many bills are truly sent abroad; 
and the great concern Mr. James 
Smith, alias Serurier (who cheated 
the Scots' company out of a consi- 
derable sum of money, and with his 
keeper made his escape from Lon- 
don hither) had in this contrivance, 
gives a jealousy of indirect prac- 
tices." Histor. Collec. South Car. 
vol. 2, p. 433. This extract, and 
the very fact of such a letter hav- 
ing been written to the Lords Pro- 
prietors of the Province of Caro- 
lina, and quoted by Oldmixon, is 
the very highest evidence of Mrs. 
Blake's high character, and shows 
her wisdom and power of mind, 
and it is creditable to the first 
Baptist Church of Charleston that 
its earlist members, especially the 
sisterhood, were such persons. It 
has never been wanting in the or- 
nament of not a few such for 166 
years. See Art. SCREVEN, Wil- 
liam, in this volume, and Art. 
CHARLESTON, Baptist Church, 
in our Historical Gazetteer^ where 
a full history will be given of the 
early membership of this Church. 
BAILEY: "Baptism in strict- 
ness of speech is that kind of ab- 
lution or washing which consists 
in dippingjaxid when applied to the 
Christian institution, so called, it 
was used by the primitive Christian 
in no other sense than that of dip 
pingy as the learned Grotius and 
Casaubon well observe. But as 
new customs introduce new signi- 
fications of words, in process of 



time it admitted the idea of sprink- 
lingy as in the case of clinical bap- 
tism." Dictionary^ Dr. Scott's 
edition. 1772. Booth in Psedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 26. 

BALE, OR Baleus, John, Bishop 
of Ossory, in Ireland, was bom in 
Suffolk, 1494, died 1563. He was, 
according to Robert Watt, the able 
and voluminous author of nearly 
twoscore learned works. He was 
a zealous Protestant, and powerful 
and vindictive against the Papal 
Hierarchy. The earliest of his 
published books enumerated in the 
Bibliotheca Britannica under his 
name is entitled " A Brefe Comedy, 
or Enterlude, of John Baptystes 
Preachyng in the Wyldemesse, 
openynge the Crafty e Assaultes of 
Hypocrites ; with the Glorious Bap- 
tistyme of our Lord Jesus Christ. 
1584, 1588, 8vo." Of the curious 
titles of his multifarious writings 
one other only will be here cited 
— "The Pageant of Popes, con- 
taining the Lives of all the Bishops 
of Rome, from the beginning of 
them to the year 1555. Translated 
from the Latin by John Studley, 
Lond. 1584. 8vo. 

BAPTIST, Edward, a Baptist 
minister, then of Virginia, now re- 
siding in Alabama, known as the 
author of: "A Series of Letters 
addressed to the Pamphleteer, in 
reply to an Essay on Baptism. By 
Rev. Edward Baptist. Richmond, 
Va., 8vo. pp. 74. 1830." This 
pamphlet was first published over 
the signature of " Wickliffe," in re- 
ply to Dr. Rice, a Presbyterian 
Divine of the Old Dominion. It 
is in our possession. Dr. Rice ar- 
gued that the term household ne- 
cessarily implied infants, when Mr. 
Baptist retorted that there were no 
infants in Dr R's household, which 



il 



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CYCLOPAEDIA. 



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77 



literally foiled him, as the fact was 
notahle. Benedict notices this 
book (ed 1848) p. 218, 219. 

BABCOCK, Rev. Rufus, D.D., 
author of " A Review of Mr. Beck- 
with's Sermon — a dissuasive from 
controversy on the mode of Bap- 
tism," — a tract Dr. Babcock is 
yet living in the prime of life, and 
therefore will not be further noticed 
except under Art. BIBLE SOCIE- 
TY, Am. and For., in our Gazet- 
teer. 

BARNES, Rev. Albert. In his 
Notes on Rom. vi. 4. says : " There- 
fore we are buried^ ifc. It is alto- 
gether probable that the Apostle, 
in this place, had allusion to the 
custom of baptizing by immersion. 
This can not indeed be proved^ so 
as to be liable to no objection ; but, 
I presume, this is the idea that 
would strike the mass of unpreju- 
diced readers." While it is ad- 
mitted that the allusion here was 
probably to the custom of immer- 
sion in baptism, &c, he elsewhere 
says that the Hebrew word taval 
always signifies to dip or immerse, 
but adds— dip in order to sprinkle 
under the Mosaic institution. His 
words are not quoted but his 
meaning is as stated. 

BAINE, Joseph. A Baptist mi- 
nister of England, was a native of 
Downshire, in Scotland, but having 
removed to England in early life, 
he became the subject of decided 
piety, and was called to the minis- 
terial office about the year 1800, 
at Portsmouth, in Hampshire. Af- 
ter preaching a short time atDaven- 
pbrt, in the same county, he was 
invited to the pastoral office of the 
church at Potter-street, Harlow, 
the duties of which he discharged 
with considerable acceptance for 
twenty-seven years. The interest 



being low, and the salary small* 
Mr. Baine was encouraged to erect 
a neat house for the minister, 
which was built on a spot of land 
near the meeting-house, granted by 
the lord of the manor for that pur- 
pose, in collecting for which, his 
appeal to the churches was very 
successful. He was likewise, about 
the same time, successfully em- 
ployed to collect for several build- 
ing cases in Cornwall, where con- 
siderable exertions had been made 
in behalf of the Baptist cause, by 
Opie Smith, Esq., of Bath, whose 
praise was in all the Churches. 
Though Mr. Baine possessed none 
of those talents which command 
public admiration, nor literary ad- 
vantages with which many are 
favored, he was nevertheless a good 
minister of Jesus Christ. His 
views of truth were decidedly 
evangelical, and his style of preach- 
ing plain, experimental, and affec- 
tionate. His piety was uniform 
and fervent, and his tone of con- 
versation serious and devotional. 
His concern for the salvation of 
souls, and the prosperity of the Re- 
deemer's Kingdom at home and 
abroad, produced a steady course 
of exertion in his own sphere, and 
disposed him to approve and coun- 
tenance the exertions of others. 
To his ministering brethren of all 
persuasions he evinced the true 
spirit of Christian charity. What- 
ever predilections he might have 
for his own views, and the deno- 
mination with which he stood con- 
nected, there was nothing in his 
conversation or manners in the 
least obtrusive, sectarian, bigoted, 
unsocial, or unbecoming the meek- 
ness and benevolence of a Christ- 
ian. Free from family cares, as 
well as literary and secular pur- 



78 



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suits, he devoted his time with 
great diligence and affection to the 
duties of his ministry, and was 
encouraged by many pleasing to- 
kens of usefulness, and the steady 
attachment of his people to the 
last. And while he laboured much j 
for their spiritual and temporal; 
interests, the consistency and irre- 1 
proachableness of his conduct at-! 
tested the sincerity of his principles, 
and received those marks of esteem 
from persons of all persuasions, 
which every minister of Christ 
should be most anxious to obtain. 
Indeed, the tribute of respect paid 
to his memory, on the occasion of 
his death, was a cheering instance 
of the spontaneous and unbought 
affection which his sterling piety, 
spirituality, and holy conversation 
inspired. He died 3rd Feb. 1830, 
aged seventy-seven. London New 
Bap. Miscel, 

BRAIDWOOD, William, aScot- 
tish Baptist minister, who was 
fifty years pastor of the church in 
Pleasance, Edinburgh, and asso- 
ciate of M'Lean, Inglis, Peddie, 
and other Scotch Baptist Ministers. 
He died at an advanced age, 13th 
October, 1830. Land. New Bap. 
Miscel. 

BRAUNUS, Johannes, author 
of De Vestatu Sacerdom Hebrae- 
orum. Ludg. Bat. 1670, 4to. Ainst. 
1701, 4to. Selecta Sacra, libri 
quinque. Amst. 1700. Doctrina 
FcBderum, Sive Systema Theolo- 
giae. Amst. 1702, 2 vols. This last 
work is quoted below : 

"By baptism we are plunged 
under the water, and, as it were, 
buried ; but we do not continue 
in a state of death, for we imme- 
diately rise again from thence : to 
signify, that we, through the merits 
of Christ, and with Christ mortify 



the old man, are buried with Christ, 
and with him arise to newness of 
life. We are buried with him, 
through baptism, into death, that 
like as Chnst was raised from the 
dead, to the ghry of the father, so 
we also shotild walk in newness of 
life. Hom. vi. 4-5." Doc. Fad. Pars 
IV. cap. xxi. §ii. Booth in Pae- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 75. 

'^ The Israelites are said to be 
baptized in the cloud and in the . 
sea, and it represented a death and 
a resurrection, 1 Pet. iii. 21, Rom. 
vi. 3, 4. Doctrina Foed. Lee. xviii. 
ex. ^ 7. Booth in Psedobaptism 
Examined, p. 75. 

" Christ went down into Jordan, 
to be baptized by John, Matt. iii. 
The same thing seems to be inti- 
mated bv the Apostle when he 
speaks of being buried by baptism. 
Col. ii. 12 ; Rom. vi. 3, 4 ; Gal. iii. 
27." Doctrina Foed. Pars iv. cap. 
xxi. § 8. Booth, Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 92. 

BRANTLY, W. T., D.D. At 
present the reader is referred for a 
biography of this great and good 
man to the History of Greorgia 
Baptists and to the Christian Re- 
view. He was the author of two 
tracts which will be noticed under 
Art. Am. Bap. Pub. Soc. in our 
Gazetteer. His best production 
was a Review of Milman's History 
of Christianity in the Southern 
Quarterly Review, shortly previous 
to his decease. 

BECON, Thomas. In the reign 
of Edward VI. he was chaplain to 
Cranmer. He was a most bitter 
enemy of the Baptists, and wrote : 
Three Disputations against the 
Anabaptists. He wrote also a 
Catechism of more than 300 pages, 
in which he asperses the opposers of 
infant baptism. Benedict, p. 265. 



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BEEBY, W. T. Esq. This is a 
modem Baptist author. His work 
is entitled " The Anabaptists of 
the 16th century, containing a 
chronological account of the origin, 
principles, and practice of the lat- 
ter; and showing, that the first 
British Christians, for five hundred 
}rears, were Baptists; that infant 
baptism originated at the same 
time as many other corruptions in 
the Romish Church ; that immer- 
sion was the mode of baptism im- 
mediately during and for more than 
1300 years subsequent to the Apos- 
tles' times, and always has been, 
and is still, the prescribed manner | 
of administering the ordinance in j 
the Protestant Established Church I 
of England. By W. T. Beeby, Esq. j 
3rd ed. Lend. 12mo., pp 48. Be- 
nedict, p. 202. 

BELL, Elder James, was born 
in Sussex county, Va. in 1745. His 
parents were connected with the 
Episcopal Church, and conformed 
to all its externals, while it seems 
they did not make any pretensions 
to renewal of heart. Their children 
being educated to regard the forms 
of Episcopacy, the subject of this 
sketch continued his adherence un- 
til his conversion to God. 

Of his earlier years but little is 
known, excepting, that in child- 
hood he gave indications of a mind 
highly gifted by nature. When 
he arrived at manhood, and a full 
developement of his talents was 
made, he became the subject of 
much admiration and esteem. He 
was invited to several important 
offices, in Sussex county, which he 
accepted and filled, to the satisfac- 
tion of all. Having been urged 
to become a candidate for the Ge- 
neral Assembly of Virginia, he 
was elected by a large majority. 



The county was represented by 
him for many years, during which 
time he became increasingly popu- 
lar, and enjoyed the respect, not 
only of his own countrymen, but 
of many of the surrounding coun- 
ties. 

In the midst of this prosperity 
he lived without God. How strange- 
ly does the perverseness of the 
human heart exhibit itself, by a 
proud neglect of the Bible and its 
requirements, in proportion to the 
number and variety of earthly 
blessings enjoyed. Especially when 
elevation in official dignity is at- 
tained, are men prone to look down 
with contempt on those obligations 
imposed by the God of heaven. 
It is esteemed a meanness to em- 
brace the doctrines and obey the 
precepts of Him who died on the 
cross. Thus it was with Mr. Bell. 
But God, who is rich in mercy, 
subdued the enmity of his heart, 
and led him into the path of life. 
Thoughtfulness on divine things 
was at first occasioned by a visit of 
his brother Benjamin, who, for 
some years, had resided at the 
south, and who had become a mem- 
ber of the Baptist church. The 
relation his brother gave of the 
change he had experienced, and 
the affectionate concern which was 
manifested for his welfare, affected 
him deeply. His eyes were opened 
to discover his own miserable con- 
dition, and in the anguish of his 
soul, he began to inquire for the 
way of salvation. He was brought 
into a new world. Christ became 
the foundation of his hopes, and 
exceedingly precious to his heart. 
The whole current of his desires 
and habits now received a new di- 
, rection. He renounced his worldly 
j honors; not because he esteemed 



:^ 



80 



Be 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



B£ 



the occupancy of honorable stations 
in civil life inconsistent with his 
relation to Christ, but because he 
felt it his duty to spend his days in 
preaching the gospel. According- 
ly having been baptized by Elder 
John Meglamare, he began to re- 
commend the service of his new 
master to all around him. 

The baptism of Elder Bell oc- 
curred in 1770. He attached him- 
self to the church called Raccoon 
Swamp, and continued among them 
until within a short time previous 
to his death, when he joined Sap- 
pony church. After laboring some 
time as an itinerant, he was called 
to take the pastoral care of Sap- 
pony church. He was instrumen- 
tal in winning many souls to God* 
and building up the churches. He 
was zealous in the performance of 
his work, and his zeal was accord- 
ing to knowledge. The unblemish- 
ed character which he sustained 
did much to render his ministry 
useful. All respected him as a con- 
sistent follower of the Redeemer. 
The ministerial career of this ser- 
vant of God was short. His death 
occurred, September, 1778, about 
eight years after his connection 
with the church, and in his 43rd 
year. Some time before his depar- 
ture, he desired that all his family 
might be collected together, that 
he might give his dying advice. 
It was an aflfecting scene. The 
man of God just on the verge of 
heaven, and leaving behind him 
many who would be exposed to 
the corrupting influence of this 
world, could not be satisfied with- 
out giving once more the voice of 
affectionate warning. He exhorted 
his children and all who were 
present to make preparation for 
another world. In the most dis- 



tinct terms he referred to his own 
prospects, declaring that Christ, 
and Christ alone, was the founda- 
tion of his hope. Elder Burkitt 
being present, was requested to 
preach his funeral sermon from 
the words of Paul : " It is a faith- 
ful saying," &c. Thus was Gt)d 
pleased in his inscrutable wisdom, 
to deprive the church at Sappony 
of her beloved pastor, and the 
cause at large of an efficient helper. 
**How unsearchable are his judg-^ 
ments and his ways past finding 
out." Taylor's Virg. Bap. Minis. 
BELL, Elder William, was a 
native of Scotland, whence he emi- 
grated to this country in 1817, and 
for the last seventeen years had 
been a resident of Pattonsburg. 
He was for some years a minister 
of an Independent Paedobaptist 
church in Scotland, having separ- 
ated i'rom the Presbyterian, the 
established church, on account of 
errors in doctrine and in church 
government. Having taken the 
word of God as the only rule of 
his faith and practice, he, in search- 
ing the scriptures, found that he 
had been in error, both as regarded 
the subject and mode of baptism. 
Deeply affected with a sense of his 
situation, he publicly confessed his 
error, and directed the attention of 
his brethren to their duty as believ- 
ers ; the result was, that he, to- 
gether with the members of his 
church, were solemnly immersed 
in the name of the Father, Son, and 
Holy Ghost. But in consequence 
of the want of an evangelical 
Baptist minister, to administer the 
ordinance, the series of baptisms 
was commenced by one of the el- 
ders of the church, who had been 
set apart for that purpose, but who 
was not himself immersed until 



Be 



CYGLOPiBDIA. 



Be 



81 



after he had first immersed the 
subject of this notice. Under his 
ministry others received the truth, 
and he had the pleasure of seeing, 
previous to his leaving Scotland, 
some hundreds obeying the Lord, 
by following him into the watery 
grave, and by continuing steadfast- 
ly in the Apostles' doctrine, and 
in fellowship, and in breaking of 
bread. After his migration to this 
country, the wants of a large fa- 
mily, and the peculiar nature of 
his employments, confined him con- 
stantly to the place of his residence, 
consequently his acquaintance was 
limited, and his usefulness circum- 
scribed to a small sphere. Never- 
theless, from his settlement in this 
country, to the Sabbath before his 
death, (upon which daiy he walked 
a mile into the country, and 
preached for the last time from 
Acts XV. 9,) he ceased not to 
preach that gospel which had been 
the power of God in his own sal- 
vation, as opportunity offered, both 
in the town in which he resided, 
and in the adjacent country. He 
also sought the acquaintance of 
ministers of the gospel, professors 
of religion, and serious persons, 
and endeavored, affectionately and 
forcibly, to point out their errors, 
and to expound unto them the way 
of God more perfectly. Although 
not blessed with more than an or- 
dinary English education, he had, 
by close study, particularly of the 
scriptures, acquired a more thorough 
knowledge of the word of God, 
and clearer views of the plan of 
salvation by grace, through faith 
in the Lord Jesus Christ, and a 
more perspicuous and forcible me- 
thod' of carrying knowledge to 
others, than that of any public 
minister with whom the writer of 



this is acquainted in this country. 
Taylor's Virg. Bap. Minis, 

BENTLEF, Richakd, Regius 
Professor of Divinity, and master 
of Trinity College, a most eminent 
scholar and critic, was born 1661, 
died 1772. The work from which 
Booth quotes below was entitled 
" Remarks upon Mr. Collin's Dis- 
course of Freethinking, in two 
parts, by Philelentherus Lipsi- 
ensis. Lend. 1723. 8vo. ; also, 
1719, and Camb. 1725, 8vo. Lend. 
1731. This learned testimony is: 

" Baptismaus baptisms, dip- 
pings — baptison seauton eis thala- 
son, dip yourself in the sea. Disc, 
on Free Thinking, part 2. p. 66, 57. 
Ed. 6. Booth, p. 17. 

BEATTIE, James, L.L.D., born 
1735, died 1803, an eminent Scotch 
critic, poet, philosopher, and logi- 
cian, and learned writer, says most 
truly what is applicable to Paedo- 
baptist writers and aspersers of the 
true origin of the Baptists, that : 

" They who allow themselves to 
contradict matter of fact, either in 
conversation or writing, will find 
it no easy matter to avoid contra- 
dicting themselves.^^ Essay on 
Truth, part 11. p. 170. Note, Edit. 
1. Apen. Booth, Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 459. 

BENGEL OR BENGELIUS, John 
Albert, a learned German Divine, 
born at Winneder, in the duchy of 
Wirtemberg, 1687, died 1782. His 
work best known is his excellent 
edition of the Greek Testament ; 
also Gnomon Nov. Test, in quo ex 
nativa Verborum vi. Simplicitas, 
profunditas, concinnatas sensuum 
Coelestium indicatur. Stet. 1742, 
1759. The best edition was print- 
ed at Ulm, 1763, 4to. Booth quotes 
this author appropriately. 

" He that is baptized puts on 



A 



82 



Bb 



HAYNBS' BAPTIST 



Be 



Christ, the second Adam; he is 
baptized, I say, into a whole Christ, 
and, therefore, also into his death : 
and it is like as if, in that very 
moment, Christ suffered, died, and 
was buried for such a man ; and 
such a man suffered, died, and 
was buried with Christ." Gnomon. 
Ad. Rom. vi. 3. Booth, Paedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 67. 

"They were baptized in the 
cloud inasmuch as they were under 
it; and in the sea, seeing they 
passed through it ; but neither the 
cloud nor the sea wetted, much less 
immersed them, (though some con- 
jecture from Psalms Ixviii., and 
cY. 39, that a miraculous rain fell 
from the cloud,) nor is the appella- 
tion of baptism extant in the nar- 
rative of Moses. Nevertheless, Paul 
very agreeably denominates it thus, 
because a cloud and the sea are 
both of a watery nature , there- 
fore, Paul says nothing of a fiery 
pillar : and because the cloud and 
the sea withdrew the fathers from 
sight, and returned them almost in 
a similar manner, as the waters 
do those that are baptized^ Gno- 
mon in loc. Booth, Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 76. 

He says, ad Matt. xiv. 13, "that if 
the parents of these children had 
requested baptism for them it 
would not have been denied." 
Booth, in Paedobaptism Examined, 
p. 349. 

He considers the holiness of the 
children, and of the unbelieving 
parent, as the same; because /*"••▼«' 
and «y'«o^" differ only as to be 
made holy differs from to be holy, 
{Gnomon, in loc.) If, then, that 
sanctification of the unbelieving 
husband, gives him no claim to 
baptism ; the holiness thence aris- 
ing can not invest his children with 



such a right. Booth, in Paedo. 
baptism Examined, p. 390. 

BECKMANUS. Whether Booth 
quotes John Beckman, of the Uni- 
versity of Goettingen, or Christi- 
anus Bornensis Beckmanus, or Jo. 
Chr. Becmanus, we c>annot nov 
determine, since the title of the 
work quoted is found under neither 
name in the catalogue of their 
writings. All of the three were 
learned authors, and either is good 
authority. 

" Baptism, according to the force 
of its etymology, is immersion, and' 
washing or dipping." Exerdt 
Theolog. Exercit. xvii. p. 257. 

" That the word fu^nxivnf, accord- 
ing to its etymology, signifies to 
make disciples, is readily allowed 
by all. But this is not effected 
without instruction. For he who 
as M^^nrn^, Icams from another, \a 
rationally taught somethinghy him. 
They, therefore, are disciples 
who are taught and learn. Hence, 
fut^^rtvif, is to te€u:h and instruct 
others. Htt^Tivrmn, therefore, can 
not gain any thing thence, in de- 
fence of their cause. For how 
are people made the disciples of 
Christ? Certainly by teaching. 
Hence the Syriac interpreter ; teach 
all people. Yea, Mark plainly in- 
timates that the gospel was to be 
preached, or instruction communi- 
cated, to the nations ; saying, go 
into all the world, preach the gos- 
pel to every creature : thus explain- 
ing A*«^ri»r*Ti, in Matthew." Ex- 
ercitat Theolog. Exercitat. xxii. p. 
260. Booth in Paedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 317. 

BESSEL, Godfrey De, a learn- 
ed Abbe of the convent of Bene- 
dictines of Gotturich, was bom at 
Buchleim,- in the Electorate of 
Mentz, 1672, died 1749. He pub- 



Bs 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Be 



83 



lished St. Augustine's Letters to 
Optatus de PcBuis Parvulorum qui 
sine baptismate decederunt. Vien- 
na, 1733. Bib. Brit. 

BRETT, Thomas, L.L.D., born 
in Kent, 1667; died 1743, was an 
eminent divine and a great contro- 
versial writer. Among his writings 
were, — A Letter to the author of 
Lay-Baptism invalid, wherein the 
doctrine of Lay-baptism taught in 
a sermon, said to have been preached 
by B — of S— , Nov. 1700, is cen- 
sured and condemned by all Re- 
formed Churches. Lond. 1711. 
Mr. Bingham's Scholastical History 
considered, concerning baptism by 
Laymen. Lond. 1713, 8vo. Five 
Sermons, on the honor of Christian 
Priesthood ; The extent of Christ's 
Commission to baptize ; The Christ- 
ian Altar and Sacrifice ; The Dan- 
gers of a Relapse, and True Mo- 
deration. 1715. The Divine Right 
of Episcopacy, &c. The Answer 
to a Plain Account of the Sacra- 
ment, and various other more im- 
portant works. Bib. Brit. 

BEZA, Theodore, a native of 
France, an eminent scholar, and 
one of the chief promoters of the 
Reformation, was born in 1519, 
died 1606. The enumeration of 
the titles of his works would occu- 
py three or more pages of this 
work, should it include a notice of 
the various editions and transla- 
tions. Those most pertinent to 
our purpose are : 

1. Propositions or Articles drawn 
out of Holy Scripture, shewing the 
cause of continual variance in 
the Dutch Church in London, and 
thought meet to be published for 
staying of other congregations 
which in these days do spring up. 
Subscribed vnto by Theod. Beza, 
and divers other preachers be- 



yond sea. Printed in English 
and Latine, by R. Jugge, 1568, 
4to. 

2. Quaestionvm et responsio- 
num Christianarvm, pars altera, 
queestdeSacramentis. Lond. 1577. 
8vo. 

3. The True Understanding of 
these words : This is my body, &c., 
by Tho. Erastas. Also Beza's 
Treatise on the Sacraments in ge- 
neral, translated by John Shutt. 
Lond. 1578. 16mo. 

4. Theodore Beza, his little Ca- 
techism. 1578. 

5. The Pope's Canons ; wherein 
the venerable and great Masters 
of the Romish Church are confut- 
ed in these ten discourses following, 
with divers other matters, as ap- 
peareth in the page next ensuing. 
Of the Holy Supper ; of the one 
only Mediator; of Purgatory; of 
the Council of FoUete; of the con- 
fession vnto God ; of the Church ; 
of Free-will ; of Marriage and Vows; 
of Fasting and Meats ; of Images. 
Translated out of the French into 
English, by T. S. Gentleman. 
Lond. 1587, 16mo. under a volume 
of 31 sermons, there is also 

5. Two very learned Sermons, 
together with a short Sum of the 
Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 
&c., whereunto is added, A Treatise 
of the Lord's Supper, and two 
Prayers at the end. Lond. 1588. 
8vo. Booth quotes from this 
author as follows . 

" Christ commanded us to be 
baptized, by which word, it is cer- 
iBAXijimmersion is signified B^Tm^trSin, 
in this place, is more than xtr^^ruf ; 
for the former seems to respect the 
whole body, the latter only the 
hands. Nor does baptizein signify to 
wash, only on the hands, except by 
consequence ; for it properly signi- 



84 



Be 



HAYNE8' BAPTIST 



Be 



fies to immerse for the sake of dip- 
ping." Epistola II. ad Thom. Til- 
lUM, apend. Spanheim. Dub. Evang. 
Pars. iii. Dub. 24. Annotat. in 
Marc. vii. 4. Booth, in Paedobap- 
tism Examined, pp. 17, 18. 

" Ye have put on Christ. This 
custom seems to proceed from the 
ancient custom oi plunging the 
adult in baptism." Annotat. ad 
Gal. iii. 27. Booth, Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 86. 

BRES, Guy De. This is one of 
the innumerable authors to whom 
Bayle refers, as writers against the 
Anabaptists, and one which he 
omitted to name. His work was 
entitled, " La Racine, Source, et 
Fondement des Anabaptistes de 
nostre temps, avec refutation des 
leurs arguments. 1595, 8vo. Biblio. 
Brit 

BEAUCAIRE, De Peguilon 
Francis, in Latin, Belcarius Pegui- 
lio, bishop of Metz, a man of some 
note in the 16th century, was 
born 1514, died 1591. His history, 
says Robert Watt, which extends 
from 1461 to 1580, or, according 
to Mr. Bayle, from 1462 to 1567, 
is not very properly called a history 
of his own times. The title of the 
publication, however, is, Rerum 
Gallicarum Commentaria, ab A. 
1462, usque ad A. 1566. Lyons, 1625, 
fol. His tract on the baptism of 
Infants, alluded to by Beza, may 
perhaps be, Traite des Enfans morts 
dans la sein de leurs Meres. 1567, 
8vo. The question being, whether 
children dying in the womb, and 
consequently without baptism, are 
saved, which he was disposed to 
answer in the negative. Bib. 
Brit. 

BEHMEN, or BEOHMAN, 
James, founder of the sect of Beh- 
manists, born near Gorlitz, Upper 



Lusatia, 1575; died 1624. Among 
his writings and publications was 
— " Christ's Sacraments, viz. : Bap- 
tism and the Supper, by J. Sparrow. 
Lond. 1652, 4to. See Sparrow and 
Bib. Brit. 

BENNET, Thomas, an eminent 
English divine, bom at Salisbury 
1673, died 1728. Among his nu- 
merous works were — " A Discourse 
on the necessity of being baptized 
with water, and receiving the 
Lord's Supper, taken out of the 
Confutation, &c.Camb. 1707, 12mo. 
This was part of a work entitled 
" A Confutation of Quakerism," 
&c. against Mr. Barclay. Another 
of his works worthy of notice was, 
" The Rights of the Clergy of the 
Christian Church, or a Discourse 
showing that God hath given and 
appropriated to the clergy, authori- 
ty to ordain, preach, baptize, &o. 
Lond. 1711, 8vo. Bib. Brit. 

BEAUSOBRE, Isaac, born at 
Niort, in Upper Poiton, 1657, died 
1738, an eminent divine and ec- 
clesiastical writer. The Prussian 
Court having denied Mr. Beausobre, 
and his friend, Mr. Lenfant, to 
prepare a translation of the New 
Testament, they shared the labours 
between them, the epistles of St. 
Paul falling to Mr. B. The whole 
was published at Amsterdam, 1718, 
2 vols. 4to. with prefaces and notes, 
&c. A second edition with con- 
siderable additions and corrections, 
1741. Their introduction was 
translated into English, and pub- 
lished at Cambridge, 1779, 8vo. 
A New Version of the Gospel ac- 
cording to St. Matthew, with a 
literal commentary on all the diffi- 
cult passages ; to which is prefixed. 
An Introduction to the reading of 
the Scriptures, &c. Translated 
from the French of M. B. & M. 



ff 



Be 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Be 



85 



Lenfant. 1816. Mr. Booth quotes 
this author. 

*'/n the water — in the Holy 
Ghost. These words do very well 
express the ceremony of baptism, 
which was at first performed by 
plunging the whole body in water, 
as also the copious effusion of the 
Holy Ghost on the day of Pente- 
cost Note on Matt. iii. 2, Eng. 
Trans. Booths p. 78. 

BENSON, George, D.D., a learn- 
ed and eminent Dissenter, born in 
Cumberland, Eng., 1699, died 1763, 
" A Paraphrase and Notes on the 
Epistles of St. Paul to Philemon, 
the Thessalonians, Timothy, and 
Titus, with critical dissertations. 
Lond. 1734, 4to," is the work 
quoted by Booth, pp. 253, 254, as 
follows : 

"As I am not fully satisfied 
about that fact (the Jewish custom 
of initiating heathen proselytes by 
baptism) I would propose my diffi- 
culties, with a view to excite others 
to a further inquiry into that par- 
ticular. 1. I have not, in the Old 
Testament, found any instance of 
one person's washing another, by 
way of consecration, purification, 
or sanctification, except that of 
Moses, his washing Aaron and his 
sons, when he set them apart unto 
the office of priests. Lev. viii. 6. 
2. I can not find that the Jews do 
at present practice any such thing, 
as that of baptizing the proselytes 
that go over to them; though 
they are said to make them wash 
thenoLselves. 3. Where is any in- 
timation of such a practice among 
the Jews before the coming of our 
Lord? If any could produce any 
clear testimony of that kind from 
the Old Testament, the Apochrypha, 
JosephuSy or Philo, that would be 
of great moment. 4. In former 



times, proselytes, coming over from 
heathenism to the Jewish religion, 
used to wash themselves, which is 
a very different thing from baptism, 
or persons being washed by another. 
I do not absolutely deny, that the 
Jews initiated proselytes by bap- 
tism ; but I mention these difficul- 
ties and objections with regard to 
that fact. Paraphrase and Notes 
on Epist. of Paul, pp. 641, 642, 2nd 
Ed. 

BEDDOME, Benjamin, MA. Of 
this English Baptist author we 
have not at hand a biography, but 
will not omit to notice his works — 
" A Scriptural Exposition of the 
Baptist Catechism, by way of Ques- 
tion and answer, 1752." This we 
have seen and wish it were reprint- 
ed. Twenty short Discourses, 
adapted to Village Worship, or the 
Devotions of the family. Publish- 
ed from his mss. 1805. Bib. Brit. 

BENEDICT, Rev. George, was 
born at Southeast, Dutchess Coun- 
ty, New- York, April 15th, 1795, 
during a transient sojourn of his 
parents in that place. At the age 
of three weeks he was removed to 
the residence of his parents in Dan- 
bury, Conn., where he spent the 
days of his childhood and youth. 
At the age of twenty-two he ex- 
perienced the grace of God, was 
baptized by Rev. Mr. Tuttle, and 
united with the Second Baptist 
Church of Danbury, Sept. 21st, 
1817. 

This last step was one of severe 
trial, and evinced at the outset of 
a useful life that conscientious re- 
gard for truth and duty which 
ever afterwards characterized his 
conduct. His friends were con- 
nected with a denomination hav- 
ing but little sjrmpathy with Bap- 
tists, and manifested the most de- 



86 



Be 



HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Bs 



oided opposition of feeling, and 
expression to the course which 
Mr. Benedict felt bound in duty to 
God and his own conscience to 
pursue. But Mr. B. was a Baptist 
in sentiment and could not honest- 
ly be any thing different in prac- 
tice ; not for that he loved his 
friends less, but because he loved 
his Saviour more. 

On the 12th of May, 1822, at 
the age of twenty-seven years, Mr. 
Benedict was licenced by the 
Church in Danbury to preach the 
gospel ; and on the 7th of August, 
1823, he was ordained and installed 
pastor ot'l^ie same church, in which 
relation he continued his '* labors 
of love," with great faithfulness 
and a good degree of success, un- 
til May, 1831, when he removed to 
the city of New- York and there 
took the pastoral charge of what 
was then known as the Union 
Baptist Church. 

This church was a little flock, 
and in addition to the discourage- 
ments generally incident to the 
early history of a religious society, 
the loss of their meeting house by 
fire, had well nigh disheartened the 
most hopeful and persevering 
among them. It was this weak- 
ness of the church, as well as the 
great insufficiency which Mr. Be- 
nedict with characteristic modesty 
attributed to himself, that led him 
to select for the foundation of a dis- 
course on his life and death that 
beautiful confession of the Apostle: 
" I was with you in weakness, and 
in fear, and in much trembling." 
But the day of their prosperity had 
come. Their new pastor gained 
the confidence of all who knew 
him, and was soon embosomed in 
the affections of the church, as '* a 
good man, full of the Holy Ghost 



and of faith ; and much people 
was added to the Lord." Their 
place of meeting was soon crowded 
with attentive listeners ; a heavenly 
unction attended the preaching of 
the Word, souls were convicted, 
and many precious converts having 
been buried in the likeness of the 
Saviour's death, were brought into 
this fold of the good Shepherd. 
Such was the success which crown- 
ed the labors of their beloved pas- 
tor at this time, that in less than 
three years the little church in- 
creased to the number of two hun- 
dred and thirty-three members; 
and they were enabled to erect a 
very neat and commodious house 
of worship on Stanton-street, which 
they opened and dedicated to the 
worship of Almighty God the first 
Sabbath in March, 1834. "Out 
of weakness they were made strong." 
The name of the church was then 
changed, and thenceforth to this 
time it has been called Stanton- 
street Baptist Church. 

Here Mr. Benedict continued 
his labors with enlarged success 
until 1841, when the church num- 
bered seven hundred and fifty -eight 
members, more than enough of 
themselves to fill their meeting 
house. Up to this time he had 
baptized over six hundred. This 
large body determined after much 
deliberation, consultation and 
prayer, to send out a colony to con- 
stitute a new church. They 
accordingly effected a division 
on the most amicable terms, 
on the 27th of January, 1841, and 
in February following, the colony, 
consisting of three hundred and 
sixty-four members, was organized 
as theNorfolk-street Baptist Church, 
of which Mr. Benedict was called 
to take the pastoral charge. 



Be 



CYCLOPJEDIA. 



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87 



This was a painful parting, but 
Grod who had brought them through 
unparalleled prosperity to this 
trying scene, gave them grace to 
accomplish the separation in har- 
mony and brotherly love. The 
following extract from Mr. B.'s re- 
signation exhibits something of the 
views and feelings which charac- 
terized the movement : " Since the 
existence of our relation as pastor 
and people, our heavenly Father 
has vouchsafed to bless us, and to 
* increase us with men as a flock,' 
insomach that our place of wor- 
ship has become too strait for us. 
The providence of God seems evi- 
dently to say, * enlarge the borders 
of thy tent; lengthen thy cords 
and strengthen thy stakes ;' with 
a view, therefore, to extend the 
cause of truth in this city, I have 
thought it best, painful as it i^, to 
tender my resignation as the pastor 
of this church, for the purpose of 
uniting in the organization of a 
regular Baptist Church at the cor- 
ner of Broome and Norfolk streets." 
This resignation was reluctantly, 
but cordially accepted by the 
people, under the same sense of 
obligation to the divine will which 
had influenced their pastor to take 
the self-denying step. 

Mr. Benedict having accepted 
the call of the Norfolk-street Church, 
a meeting house was purchased in 
the place above mentioned, where 
a large congregation was soon col- 
lected. Here also the abundant 
blessings of God's grace continued 
to crown the labors of his faithful 
servant. Multitudes were gathered 
iuto the sanctuary, and many who 
heard the Word believed and were 
brought to a knowledge of the 
truth, as it is in Jesus. "The 
Lord added to the church daily 



such as should be saved." But 
He whose "judgments are a great 
deep," and whose " ways are past 
finding out," turned but a single 
leaf in the book of his inscrutable 
providence, and the scene was sad- 
ly changed. That good minister of 
Jesus Christ was taken from the 
midst of a useful life, in the full 
vigor of manhood, and made to 
pass through scenes of sickness and 
extreme bodily sufferings for the 
space of two long years, when the 
light of his mortal existence was 
lost in the more glorious effulgence 
of a higher life ; as sink the stars 
in ethereal depths before the open- 
ing eyelids of the morning. 

A few months previous to his de- 
parture Mr. Benedict urged his re- 
signation against the remonstrances 
of the Church, which was accept- 
ed on the first of July, 184S, only 
with the hope that a more perfect 
relief from the cares and anxieties 
of his pastoral charge might con- 
tribute something towards his ul- 
timate restoration. But God had 
otherwise determined. The days 
of his years were well nigh ended, 
and his work was about to be 
finished. That work, however, 
had been quickly and mightily 
done. He had lived much in little 
time. During a ministry of six- 
teen years he had baptized more 
than twelve hundred souls, and 
officiated in the services of more 
than eleven hundred funerals. 

But he left the field of his labor 
and the flock of his love without 
a murmur. He endured the pains 
of extreme bodily suffering and 
the breaking of those tender ties, 
which bound him with no com- 
mon endearments to his beloved 
family and friends, with the meek- 
ness of a Christian, and a cheerful 



^ 



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acquiesoence in the will of Grod. 
Thus he fell asleep in Jesus on the 
28th of October, 1848. "His fu- 
neral services were attended in the 
First Baptist Church, Oct. 31, ini 
presence of an immense audience. | 
Scriptures were read by Rev. E. 
Lathrop, and prayer was offered by 
Rev. T. Armitage, the successor of 
Mr. Benedict in the pastorate of 
Norfolk-street Church. The ser- 
mon was preached by Rev. Dr. 
Cone, from Acts xi. 24. " For he 
was a good man and full of the 
Holy Ghost and of faith : and much 
people was added unto the Lord." 
The concluding prayer was offered 
by Rev. L. Covell. Dr. Cone ad- 
verted briefly to the application of 
the passage to Barnabas as a son 
of * exhortation,' and then to our 
departed brother, as a man emi- 
nently gifted in prayer ; an earnest, 
affectionate, experimental, and prac- 
tical preacher, and adverted parti- 
cularly to those departments of 
ministerial labor in which he spe- 
cially excelled. The discourse 
was a worthy tribute to the char- 
acter of an honored, beloved, and 
useful brother." 

He has left a widow and two 
children, who mourn the irreparable 
loss of an almost incomparable 
husband and father. 

This solemn bereavement was 
afterwards improved in a discourse 
by Rev. Mr. Armitage, addressed 
to the Norfolk-street Church, and 
founded upon a passage which had 
been selected for the purpose by 
Mr. Benedict, himself, viz : " And 
I was with you in weakness, and 
in fear, and in much trembling : 
and my speech and my preaching 
was not with enticing words of 
man's wisdom, but in demonstra- 
tion of the spirit, and of power ; 



that your faith should not stand in 
the wisdom of men, but in the 
power of God," 1 Cor. ii. 3-5. The 
sermon of Mr. Armitage was re- 
peated by request in the Oliver- 
street Baptist Church ; and to his 
discourse, together with that of 
Dr. Cone, we are mostly indebted 
for the facts of this narrative, though 
some use has been made of the 
" History of the Churches of New- 
York." 

Of his character his life is the 
most faithful delineation. ^^ As a 
man he was," in the language of 
one who knew him well, "kind, 
forgiving, compassionate, and just." 
He possessed the power of quick 
and clear perceptions, accurate dis- 
crimination, and a sound judg- 
ment. 

As a Christian, under the hal- 
lowing influences of divine grace, 
he was an " example to the flock," 
a " burning and a shining light," 
In him there was no guile, no egot- 
ism, no conceit. He was humble 
before God, and charitable towards 
all men. '^ Love to God and good- 
will to men," were the ruling affec- 
tions of his heart, the crowning 
virtues of his Christian character. 

As a preacher, he was simple 
but solemn, earnest and affection- 
ate; wise in a knowledge of hu- 
man nature, and mighty in the 
Scriptures. And if it be true that 
" he is the best physician who cures 
the most patients, and he the best 
preacher who saves the most souls," 
then surely Mr. Benedict was one 
of the very best ministers of Christ, 

In doctrine he was purely evan- 
gelical, holding and teaching the 
essential doctrines of the Trinity, 
of human depravity, of regene- 
ration by the Spirit, and justifica- 
tion by faith, of the resurrection of 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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89 



he dead and the general judg- 
aent, and of future rewards and 
punishments. More than this, in 
lis views of Christian ordinances 
.nd gospel order, he was, from his 
>wn convictions of truth, and a 
onscientious conformity to his 
ense of the divine will, a decided 
baptist. 

As a pastor he was prudent, 
)atient, affectionate and faithful. 
" I must be about my Father's 
business," was the favorite motto 
)f his pastoral life. In his daily 
ivalk he went about doing good, 
le went every where preaching 
:he Word, admonishing the care- 
less, entreating the wayward, en- 
3ouraging the weak, and comfort- 
Lng the afflicted. The mansions 
of the rich, the homes of the poor, 
the chambers of the sick, and the 
hearts of the bereaved, all found in 
him a meek and unpretending 
disciple of the lowly and compas 
sionate Jesus, bearing in his bosom 
the spirit of his Lord and Master. 
It is painful to part so soon with 
one so well qualified for usefulness. 
But the Lord knows best how to 
employ his servants in this world, 
and when to call them home. The 
usefulness of Mr. Benedict, how- 
ever, is not to be measured by his 
years ; rather let his years be esti- 
mated by his usefulness. For he 
accomplished the work of a long 
life in a little time ; and although 
he departed this life in the meridian 
of manhood, yet in the example 
of a well-spent life he has left for 
the living the best legacy of a good 
man. And we must not be un- 
mindful of the precious boon. For 
"when sublime virtues cease to 
be abstractions, when they become 
embodied in human character, and 
exemplified in human conduct, we 



should be false to our own nature 
if we did not indulge in the spon- 
taneous effusion of our gratitude 
and admiration." Surely, the re- 
membrance of such a man cannot 
perish. Minds, moulded by his 
influenqe and instruction, constitute 
the imperishable memorials of his 
worth ; and souls, redeemed through 
his instrumentality, shall be the 
seal of his ministry, and the crown 
of his rejoicing. N. Y. Chronicle. 

BENEDICT, Rev. David, AM. 
The living Baptists are noticed in 
this work only as they are authors, 
on whatever subject they may 
have written, and this plan includes 
also baptist publishers of books, 
when we shall reach that depart- 
ment. In 1802, Mr. Benedict be- 
gan his researches and preparations 
for a history of the Baptists, which 
he published in 1813, entitled — A 
General History of the Baptist 
Denomination in America, and 
other parts of the world. By David 
Benedict, A.M., Pastor of the Bap- 
tist Church in Pawtucket, R. I. 
(Mark xvi. 15, 16. Acts viii. 36, 39, 
are here inserted in the title page) 
In two volumes. Boston : Printed 
by Lincoln and Edmonds, No. 53, 
Cornhill, for the author. 1813. 8vo. 
pp. 602 in each volume. He pub- 
lished an Abridgment of this his- 
tory in one volume, by the same 
publishers. Boston, 1820. pp. 446. 
small 8vo. or 12mo. He published 
also a History of all Religion?, and 
edited an edition of Robinson's 
History of Baptism by the same 
publishers in 1817. Lewis Colby 
& Co., N. Y. 1848, published by 
the same author in one large 8vo. 
volume of 970 pages, a work with 
the same title with his first history 
of the Baptists brought down to 
the period of its publication, en- 



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titled — A Greneral History of the 
Baptist Denomination in America 
and other parts of the world. By 
David Benedict. New York, Lewis 
Colby & Co., 122, Nassau-street, 
1848, with a portrait of the author. 
In this history the author says : 
" / pay no attention whatever to 
Chronology but only to geographical 
connection. His history is a 

most ample storehouse of facts 
which affords material for other 
arrangements still better adapted 
to uses of reference. 

BRENIUS, Daniel, a Dutch 
Baptist, author of — Danielis Bre- 
nii-Harlemo — Batavi, Opera Theo- 
logica, Quorum Catalogum versa 
Pagina post commotionem, de 
tractatu D. Brenii, Operam Epis- 
copii Secunda^ parti inserto, exhi- 
bit. Amstelraedarais, Sumptibus 
Francisci Cuperi Bibliopolae, pro- 
pe Portum Harlemensem, in vico 
vulgo dicta de Braak. Anno 1666. 
This work is before us, and a note 
on the title of the copy which was 
originally in the library of Dr. 
Homer, of Boston. Dr. H. says: 
" Brenius, the learned Dutch Bap- 
tist. After frequent examination 
I pronounce this commentary one 
of the most judicious I have ever 
seen." 

BLESDICK, Nicolas ; Upon the 
authority of Cassander and Horn- 
beck, this man is mentioned as 
having been trained up an Ana- 
baptist, and turning afterwards 
writer against them, by Peter 
Bayle, in his Historical and Criti- 
al Dictionary, vol. 1, p. 291. Lon- 
don ed. 1734. See Art. Bayle, p. 
47, of Baptist Cyolopsedia, the 
title of Blesdick's works which are 
not necessary to be repeated here. 

BIRT, Isaiah. Author of "A 
Vindication of the Baptists in 



three Letters. 1795." Bibliotheca 
Britannica. Benedict, p. 139, 140, 
gives the titles of three other 
works of late date. 

1. ^^ Adult baptism and the sal- 
vation of all who die in infancy 
maintained ; in Strictures on a Ser- 
mon entitled, the Right of Infants 
to baptism, by Rev. H. F. Burder. 
By Rev. Isaiah Birt. London. 8vo. 
pp. 46. 1821. 

2. Personal Religion Vindicated 
in relation to Christian baptism. 
Lond. 8vo. pp. 67. 1833. 

3. Reflections on the origin, ex- 
tent, nature, and effects of infant 
baptism. London, 8vo.pp. 24. 1835. 
These works are baptist most cer- 
tainly. 

BIGLAND, Ralph, Esq., Gar- 
ter Principal King at Arms, was 
born 1734. Author of— "Observa- 
tions on Marriages, Baptisms, and 
Burials, as preserved in Parochial 
Registers ; with sundry specimens 
of the entries Marriages, Baptisms, 
&c., in foreign countries. Lond. 
1764, 4to., and other works. Bib. 
Brit. 

BRINSLEY, John, born in Lie- 
cestershire, Eng,, 1600, died 1666. 
He was a Nonconformist divine, 
and among his works was one en- 
titled, " The Doctrine and Practice 
of Paedobaptism asserted. Lond. 
1645, 4to. Bib. Brit. 

BIDDULPH, Rev. Thobcas, of 
Bristol, Eng. Of his works, the 
title of one will be given. " Bap- 
tism, a Seal of the Christian Co- 
venant, or an answer on the for- 
mer Two Tracts, by Richard Mant, 
A.M. 1816. 

BINGHAM, Joseph, an eminent 
and laborious Theological writer, 
was born in Yorkshire, England, 
1668, died 1723. Among his works 
was ^' Soholastical History of the 






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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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91 



Practice of the Church in Reform 
to the administration of baptism 

I by Laymen, in two parts. Lend. 

'' 1712. 2 vols. 8vo. His most cele- 
brated work is entitled , " Origines 
Ecclesiasticce ; or the Antiquities 
of the Christian Church. Lond. 
1720, 2 vols. fol. This work was 
translated mto Latin by Henricus 
Grriscovius, with a Preface by Jo. 
Fr. Buddaeus, at Hull, May 1724. 
This work is seldom found com- 
plete. The same, abridged, under 
the title of, Ecclesiae primitivae 
notitia, or a Summary of Chris- 
tian Antiquities, by A. Blaokmore, 
1722. 2 vols. 8vo. This learned 
and pious author is quoted by 
Booth as follows : 

" The antients thought that tm- 
mersion^ or burying under water, 
did more lively represent the death, 
and burial, and resurrection of 
Christ; as well as our own death 
unto sin, and rising again unto 
righteousness: and the divesting 
or uncloathing of the person to be 
baptized, did also represent the 
putting off the body of sin, in or- 
der to put on the new many which 
is created in righteousness and true 
holiness — persons thus divested, or 
uncioathed, were usually baptized 
by immersioji, or dipping of their 
whole bodies under water. There 
are many passages in the Epistles 
of St. Paul, which plainly refer to 
this custom ; and as this was the 
original apostolical practice so it 
continued to be the universal prac- 
tice of the Church for many ages, 
upon the same symbolical reasons 
as it was first used by the Apostles. 
Origin. Eccles. Vol. 1. p. 521, 522. 
Fol. Apend. Booth in PtBdohap- 
tism Examined, p. 86, 87. 

" The Christians were wont to 
please themselves with the artifi- 



cial name Pi^ici^/t,^^^^^, to denote, 
as TertulHan (who wascotemporary 
with Clement) words it, that they 
were regenerate, or born again in- 
to Christ's religion by water, and 
could not be saved but by continu- 
ing therein. And this name was 
the rather chosen by them, because 
the initial letters of our Saviour's 
names and titles in Greek, iv^nw; 
Xpi«ff , qkv *rio« L^mip, Jesus Christ, the 
Son of God, our Saviour, techni- 
cally put together make up the 
name ixerr ; which signifies fishy 
and is alluded to both by Tertul- 
LiAN and Optatus." Origines Ec- 
cles. B. 1. chap. 1. ^2. Booth, P«. 
dobaptism Examined, p. 205. 

In reference to infant commu- 
nion, he says : ^' Bishop Bedle and 
some others have declared intirely 
for it ;" i.e. for Infant Communion. 
Origines Eccles. B. xii. chap. 1. 
§ 3. B. XV. chap. iv. § 7. Booth, 
Peedobaptism Examined, p. 437. 

BRINE, John, author of more 
than forty difierent works, which 
will be enumerated at the close of 
this article, was a divine of consi- 
derable celebrity among the Cal- 
vinistical Baptists in England ; born 
in Kettering, 1703 ; died 21st Feb- 
ruary, 1765. His parents were in 
very poor circumstances, so that he 
possessed scarcely any advantages 
in respect to education. When a 
lad, he was placed in the staple 
manufactory of his native town, at 
which he worked for some consi- 
derable time, as did his friend Dr. 
Gill, who was some years his se- 
nior; and under whose ministry 
he received his first serious impres- 
sions. Being of a studious turn of 
mind, and giving himself to read- 
ing at his leisure hours^ he acquired 
no inconsiderable stock of know- 
ledge; and having in early life, 



92 



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addicted himself to habits of seri- 
ousness, he was admitted a mem- 
ber of the Baptist Church in his 
native place, under the pastoral 
care of Mr. Wallis. Though the 
straightness of his circumstances 
compelled him to have recourse to 
his daily labor for a subsistence, 
yet he was careful to improve all 
opportunities for the cultivation of 
his mind; and he must have, taken 
prodigous pains at this period, to 
acquire so respectable an ac- 
quaintance with the learned lan- 
guages, and with such other 
branches of useful knowledge as 
he possessed. Here he married a 
daughter of the Rev. John Moore, 
a respectable minister of the Par- 
ticular Baptist denomination, at 
Northampton, from whom he in- 
herited Butler's Hebrew Bible, 
which was to him, at this time, a 
treasure of no small value. With 
this lady he lived in a state of con- 
jugal happiness for many years, 
till she was removed by death, on 
the 6th of August, 1745 ; upon 
which occasion Dr. Gill preached, 
and afterwards published a funeral 
discourse. After some interval, 
Mr. Brine again entered into the 
marriage state ; and his second 
wife survived him. 

Mr. Brine was called into the 
ministry by the church at Ketter- 
ing, to which he stood related ; and 
after preaching for some time in 
an occasional way, received a call 
to undertake the pastoral charge 
of a Particular Baptist Church at 
Coventry. In that station he con- 
tinued a few years, till he was in- 
vited to London, to succeed Mr. 
Morton, as Pastor of the Baptist 
Congregation at Curriers' Hall, 
Cripplegate-street. This was about 
the year 1730. His removal to the 



metropolis gave him great satisfac- 
tion, as it afforded him an oppor- 
tunity of being near to his friend 
Dr. Gill, with whom he cultivated 
a particular friendship. This was 
strengthened by a perfect congeni- 
ality of views upon religious sub- 
jects. When the Doctor retired 
from his Wednesday evening lee- 
ture in Great Eastcheap, it was 
carried on for some years by Mr. 
Brine, in connexion with other 
ministers. He also preached in 
his turn at the Lord's-day evening 
lecture in Devonshire-square. Dur- ! 
ing the period of thirty-five years ' 
that he resided in London, he took • 
a principal lead in all the public | 
acts that concerned his own deno- 
mination. The weight that he ac- 
quired with his own brethren, oc- 
casioned his frequently being called 
upon to preach at the ordination of 
younger ministers, and to improve 
the deaths of ministers and private 
Christians. Many of his discourses 
on the occasion are printed. 

Mr. Brine resided for many years 
in Bridgewater Square, but during 
his last illness he took lodgings at 
Kingsland, where he died. Not 
long before his death, he expressed 
his sentiments in the following 
words : " I think I am of sinners 
the chief, of saints the least; I 
know that I am nothing. But by 
the grace of God, I am what I 
am ;" which latter words he or- 
dered to be inscribed upon his 
tombstone. His death took place 
on the 24th of February, 1765, in 
the 63d year of his age. He left 
positive orders that no funeral ser- 
mon should be preached for him ; 
which strange injunction could not 
proceed from any dislike to such 
services, seeing he preached so 
many himself His request as to this 



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93 



particular was complied with, but 
not entirely. His intimate friend, 
Dr. Gill, preached a sermon upon 
the occasion to his own people, 
from 2 Cor. xv. 10. By the grace 
of God I am what I am. In the 
following May, the Doctor preached 
the same discourse at St. Albans, 
and then thought himself at liberty 
to publish it. The only notice that 
he takes of Mr. Brine, is in a note 
to the following purpose: "1 am 
debarred from saying so much of 
him as I otherwise could do, we 
both being born in the same place, 
and myself some older than he, 
and from his being among the first 
fruits of my ministry. I might 
take notice of his natural and ac- 
quired abilities, his great under- 
standing, clear light, and sound 
judgment in the doctrines of the 
gospel, and the great and deep 
things of God. Of his zeal, skill, 
and courage in vindicating impor- 
tant truths, published by him to 
the world, by which he being dead 
yet speaketh. In fine, I might 
observe to you that his walk and 
conversation in the world was 
honorable and ornamental to the 
profession which he made, and 
suitable to the character he sus- 
tained as minister of Jesus Christ, 
all which endeared him to his 
friends. But I am forbid to speak 
any more." GilTs Sermons and 
Tracts^ vol. 1, p. 591-2, note. 

Mr. Brine was in person short 
and thick, and he had rather a 
strange countenance, that was not 
calculated to possess strangers 
greatly in his favor ; but his man- 
ners were very much those of a 
gentleman. He was a man of 
considerable attainments in learn- 
ing, and excelled in his knowledge 
of the learned languages. He pos- 



sessed good ministerial abilities, 
and was very faithful in the dis- 
charge of the pastoral duties. His 
sermons, however, if one may 
judge from the printed specimens, 
were not so well adapted to the 
conversion of sinners, as to the in- 
struction and edification of those 
who were brought to the knowledge 
of the truth. More doctrinal than 
practical, he abounds rather in the 
discussion of religious subjects ac- 
cording to his own practical appre- 
hensions, than in their application 
to the conscience. Exhortations 
to sinners he would consider as 
legal. This resulted from the 
view he took of the doctrines of 
revelation. He was generally re- 
puted a high Calvinist; but he 
went into all the unintelligible 
depths of the Supralapsarian 
scheme, such as Calvin himself 
never allowed. This occasioned 
him to be called by persons an 
Antinomian. But it must have 
been only in a doctrinal sense ; for 
he was himself a man of exemplary 
life and conversation. He culti- 
vated the Christian tempers and 
graces with assiduity, and was an 
ornament to the religion he pro- 
fessed. His amiable character pro- 
cured him general respect ; and it 
should be remarked, that he would 
by no means admit the dangerous 
tendency which others apprehend- 
ed from the doctrines he inculcated. 
On the contrary, he considered 
them of such importance, that he 
was their zealous defender, both 
from the pulpit and from the press. 
His publications are very nume- 
rous ; but they consist chiefly of 
sermons, besides a few distinct 
treatises, designed to vindicate his 
peculiar tenets. As most of them 
have passed through but one edi- 



94 



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tion, they are now become scarce ; 
insomuch, that it is difficut to pro- 
cure a complete set of his works. 
Though his writings are not now 
much sought after, they are, never- 
theless, greatly esteemed by some 
persons, and are in request by the 
admirers of Gill, and of the Cris- 
pian school. We have been at 
some pains to procure a complete 
list of his writings, which will be 
inserted below, as follows: — 1. A 
Defence of the Doctrine of Eternal 
Justification from some exceptions 
made to it by Mr. Bragge, 1732. 
2. The Covenant of Grace opened ; 
a Sermon on the Death of Mrs. 
Margaret Busfield, who died May 
3d, 1734. 2. Sam. xxiii. 5. 3. 
God the Defence and glory of his 
Church : a Sermon at Devonshire- 
square, Nov. 5, 1734, to the Society 
that supports the Lord's-day even- 
ing Lecture there. Zach. ii. 5. 4. 
The Believer's triumph over death: 
a funeral Sermon for Mr. Hugh 
Lloyd, who died Feb. 11, 1735. 1. 
Tim. iii. 8, 9. 5. A Sermon at the 
ordination of Deacons, March 5, 
1735. 1. Tim. iii. 8, 9. 6. A Dis- 
course en the Prayer of Jahez ; be- 
ing the substance of several Ser- 
mons, preached at Cripplegate. 
1. Chron. iv. 10, 1736. 7. Re- 
marks upon a Pamphlet, entitled, 
Some Doctrines in the Supra-lap- 
sarian Scheme, impartially examin- 
ed by the word of God, 1736. 8. 
The certain efficacy of the death 
of Christ asserted, in answer to a 
book, entitled, the Ruin and Re- 
covery of Mankind, by Isaac Watts, 
D. D., 1743. 9. The Christian Re- 
ligion not destitute of arguments 
sufficient to support it, in answer 
to a pamphlet, entitled, Christian- 
ity not founded on argument, 1743. 
10. A Refutation of Arminian 



Principles, delivered in a pamphlet, 
entitled, the modern question con- 
cerning Repentance and Faith, ex- 
amined with candour, 1743. 11. 
A Vindication of some Truths of 
Natural and Revealed Religion : in 
answer to Mr. James Foster, 1746. 
12. The Nature of true Holiness 
explained : a Sermon at the Month- 
ly Exercise, April 20, 1749. Heb. 
xii. 14. 13. A Treatise on Various 
Subjects, 8vo. 1750. 14. The 
solemn charge of a Christian Min- 
ister considered : a Sermon at the 
Ordination of the Rev. John Ry- 
land, July 26, 1750. 2. Tim. iv. 
1, 2. 15. The Christian's Dutv, 
and Divine Efficacy represented: 
preached at Cripplegate, Nov. 11, 
1750. Phil. ii. 12, 13. 16. Some 
Account of the choice experience 
of Mrs. Anne Brine, as written by 
herself, and collected out of her 
Letters, 1750. 17. An Antidote 
against a spreading of Antinomian 
principles, 1750. 18. The Causes 
of Salvation and Vocation con- 
sidered : preached at Crispin-street, 
Dec. 22, 1751. 2. Tim. i. 9. 19. 
The true sense of the Atonement 
for Sin, by the Death of Christ : in 
answer to Mr. Taylor of Norwich, 
1752. 20. Motives io Love and 
Unity among Calvinists, who differ 
in some points : in answer to Mr. 
Alvery Jackson, 1753. 21. The 
proper Eternity of the Divine De- 
crees, and of the Medjiatorial Office 
of Christ, asserted and proved : in 
a Sermon at the Monthly Exercise, 
Sept. 12, 1754. Prov. viii..22, 23. 

22. A vindication of Divine Jus- 
tice in the infliction of endless 
punishment for Sin : in answer to 
a pamphlet, the Scripture account 
of the future state considered, 1754. 

23. JoVs Epitaph Explained: a 
Sermon on the death of Mrs. Eliza- 



Bi 



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95 



beth Turner, who died Oct. 14, 

1755. Job xix. 25. 24. Some 
Mistakes in a book of Mr. Johnson 
of Liverpool, entitled. The Faith 
of God's Elect, &c., noted and rec- 
tified, 1755. 25. Diligence in 
Study recommended to Ministers : 
a Sermon at the Ordination of Mr. 
Richard Rist, at Harlow, in Essex. 
Dec. 15, 1756. 1. Tim.iv. 15, 16, 
27. Doctrines of the Imputation of 
Sin to Christ, and the Imputation 
of Righteousness to his people: 
preached at Eastcheap, Dec. 29, 

1756. 2. Cor. v. 21. 28. The 
Gospel not absurd, nor contrary to 
Justice, nor licentious : preached at 
Great Eastcheap, April 12, 1757. 
2. Tim. ii. 25. 29. Animadver- 
sions upon the Letters on Theron 
and Aspasio ; in an address to that 
ingenious author, 1758. 30. The 
Knowledge of future glory, the 
support of the saints in the present 
troubles : preached at Hemelhemp- 
stead, on the death of the Rev. 
Clendon Hawkes, Dec. 15, 1758. 
2. Cor. V. 1. 31. The imputation 
of Christ's active obedience to his 
people, and the merit of it demon- 
strated : preached at Great East- 
cheap, Dec. 27, 1758. Rom. iv. 6. 
32. Grace proved to be at the 
Sovereign disposal of God : a Dis- 
course at the Monthly Meeting in 
Goodman's Fields, July 19, 1760. 
Deut. xxix. 4. 33. Christ the ob- 
ject of God's everlasting delight : 
prea^ched at Great Eastcheap, Dec. 
31, 1760. Prov. viii. 30, 31. 34. 
A right to eternal glory through 
the meritorious obedience of Christ, 
proved to be consistent with abso- 
lute freedom and sovereignty of 
divine grace, as the origin of it. 
Titus ui. 7. 1762. 35. The 
glory of the Gospel considered: 
preached at Kettering, May 23, 



1762. 1. Tim. i. 11. 36. Sin 
reigns not, nor shall reign in the 
Saints : preached at a monthly ex- 
ercise, April 20, 1764. Rom. vi. 
14. 37. The Baptists vindicated 
from some groundless charges 
brought against them by Mr. El- 
tringham, 1766. WilsorCs Hist. 
Dissenting Churches, vol. 2, p. 574- 
580. Vol. 3, p. 304. We add the 
following from Benedict, p. 172, 
ed. 1848. "Rev. John Brine, 1. 
Vindication of the Baptists from 
some groundless charges brought 
against them by Mr. Eltringham, 
in a pamphlet, entitled, the Bap- 
tist against the Baptists, &c., 
wherein he represents them as 
erroneous, persecuting, diabolical, 
and guilty of deism, pp. 79, 1756^ 
22. (41.) Answer to a Welsh 
clergyman's twenty arguments in 
favor of infant baptism, p. 35, 
1756." 

Mr. Brine was buried in Bunhill 
Fields, where, upon his tombstone, 
which had been lately repaired, 
may be seen the following inscrip- 
tion: 

Here lie interred, the remains of 

THE BEVEREND JOHN BRINE, 

Who departed this life 

In the dSrd year of his age. 

His ministerial abilities were very extraordinary, 

And his zeal and faithralness 

In asserting and defending the important principles 

of religion, 

Equally conspicuous. 

Not long before his decease, 

He expressed his sentiments in the following words ; 

'* / think Iain, of ninnern the chief, ofiainta the least : 

** I knout that lam nothing, 

** But by the grace of God I am what I am,** 

Also, 

IfAaT BaivB, 

Widow of the aboye John BaiNX. 

ObiitfSltt January f 1784; jRat, 86 years. 

Wilton, ut Supra, 

BLISS, Rev. John F., author of 
Letters on Christian Baptism, as 
the initiating ordinance into the 
Real Kingdom of Christ. Also on 



^ 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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the Contrast between the Kingdom 
as organized by Christ, and the 
present sectarian state of the Chris- 
tian world. By Rev. John F. 
Bliss, Lexington, New- York, 12mo. 
p. 223, 1841. Benedict, p. 241. 

BICROFT, JosiAH, author of 
A Looking-glass for the Anabap- 
tists and the rest of the Separatists. 
By Josiah Bicroft. London, 4to. 
1645. Benedict, p. 276, and Art. 
Anahaptists. 

BILLINGSLY, John Ashcum, 
was born in St Mary's county, 
Maryland, April 24th, 1770. He 
was the only son of Zachary Bil- 
lingsley; his mother's maiden 
name was Ashcum. He removed 
to Virginia when about fourteen 
years old, and at an early age mar- 
ried Sally Duerson, daughter of 
Joseph Duerson, of Spotsylvania. 
He commenced the world in good 
circumstances, and, though liberal 
to a fault, continued quite inde- 
pendent through life. In his youth- 
ful days, he was a devotee to all 
the vain amusements of a giddy 
world. He was a very witty and 
agreeable young man, and uncom- 
monly active ; having a fine ear 
for music, and being an excellent 
performer on the violin, he was 
always a welcome visitor in the 
ball room, and seldom lost an op- 
portunity to gratify his fondness 
for the amusement. Horse racing 
and card playing also were with 
him favorite indulgences. Not- 
withstanding his zeal in his old 
master's service, (as he frequently 
called the devil,) he was never 
charged with any action that in- 
volved a compromise of honor* 

In this round of folly and indis- 
cretion, thoughts of a future state 
would sometimes be forced upon 
his attention ; but by mighty 



eflForts to resist the monitions of 
conscience, he lived in pleasure, 
(falsely so called,) till about the 
24th year of his age, when an inci- 
dent occurred in the providence of 
God, that completely dissolved the 
charm of sinful indulgence by 
which he had been held. He hap- 
pened to be present at a Baptist 
meeting, held by Elder Jeremiah 
Chandler, at Mine road meeting- 
house : after the services were over, 
Mr. Henry Pendleton, an aged 
member of the church, presented 
himself before the congregation, 
and begged an interest in the pray- 
ers of God's people. He had al- 
ways looked upon Mr. P. as one of 
the best men in the world, and 
concluded, if he needed the suj^pli- 
cations of God's people, that his 
own situation must be deplorable 
indeed. He was brought down an 
humble penitent at the foot of the 
cross, and leaving the gallery 
where he was sitting, he fearlessly 
came up to the minister, and pub- 
licly besought the pious to remem- 
ber him also in prayer. His dis- 
tress of mind was sore indeed ! 
Looking upon himself as a poor 
lost sinner, justly condenmed by 
the law of God, he said, he saw 
not how God could be just, and 
save such a rebel ; and so strong 
was his regard for the character of 
God, that he could not desire his 
own salvation at the expense of 
the divine honor. His anguish 
of heart continued until the Lord's 
day, when he was enabled to be- 
lieve in the Lord Jesus Christ, and 
so clear were his views of the cha- 
racter and offices of the Saviour, 
that, he exclaimed, if he had ten 
thousand souls, he would resign 
them all into his hands. 

From this moment he had im- 



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97 



pressions to preach the unsearch- 
able riches of Christ to a dying 
world, but was prevented for a long 
time by a sense of his unworthi- 
ness, and the fear of assuming a 
work for which he was not quali- 
fied. He was baptized in October, 
1794, by Elder Absalom Waller ; 
united himself with the church at 
Waller's, and became a very active 
and zealous member. He began 
to exercise his gift in exhortation, 
on the 4th July, 1808. In 1810, 
he was called to take the pastoral 
care of the church at Zoar, Orange 
county, and was ordained in Octo- 
ber of the same year. Ailer the 
death of Elder A. Waller, he was 
chosen pastor of Waller's and Elk 
creek churches, and after the re- 
moval of Elder A. M. Lewis to the 
west, he became pastor of the 
churches at Countyline and Beth- 
any, having resigned his charge at 
Zoar and Elk creek. It was also 
through his efficiency that the 
church at Mount Hermon, in the 
upper part of Spotsylvania, was 
planted, and by his ministrations 
it was watered as long as he was 
able to travel. The last time he 
visited this church, which was in 
the winter previous to his death, 
he was in very feeble health, but 
his physical energies appeared not 
to give way under a very long dis- 
course. He was much emaciated 
by disease ; his visage thin and 
pale, and his head covered with a 
cap. His words were regarded by 
all who heard him, as the testimo- 
ny of a dying man. He declared 
it to be his solemn conviction, that 
that would be the last time he 
should ever be permitted to address 
that church, and if he ever felt 
anxious to be faithful, he did then. 
He took, as the foundation of his 



discourse, the letters to the seven 
churches in Asia, as contained in 
the 2nd and 3rd chapters of Reve- 
lations, warning the church against 
the errors of the times, among 
which he classed " the views of 
Mr. Alexander Campbell ;" and ex- 
horted them to continue in " the 
faith once delivered to the saints.'' 
Even after he was unable to travel, 
hearing that a few of the members 
of this church were rather inclined 
to subscribe to the views of Mr. C. 
he wrote a long pastoral letter to 
the church, urging them to the 
prompt discharge of duty, and bear- 
ing his marked disapprobation to 
" the (miscalled) reformation." 

Elder Billingsly discharged all 
the social duties incumbent upon 
him as husband, father, master, 
neighbor, &c. in a manner truly 
exemplary. He was a man of 
God ; a firm believer in the effica- 
cy of prayer, and oft engaged at 
the mercy seat, in behalf of him- 
self and others. His father, who 
was an Episcopalian by profession, 
was brought under conviction for 
sin, by overhearing him at prayer 
in secret for him. He was a popu- 
lar, successful, and indefatigable 
preacher. Dr. Scott once told him, 
if he continued to travel and preach 
so much, it would certainly kill 
him. He replied, he could not die 
in a better cause, and that he had 
much rather wear out, than rust 
out. 

Elder B. did not enjoy the bene- 
fits of classical learning, but pos- 
sessed a good English education, 
which he greatly improved By sub- 
sequent reading and study. He 
was devoted to books ; had a good 
library, and when not engaged in 
his duties from home, was generally 
found with a book in his hand. 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Bi 



Among uninspired writers, Fuller 
and Newton were favorite authors 
with him. From this fact, the 
character of his preaching may be 
known. His labors were greatly 
blessed at various periods of his 
ministerial career — few men in 
modern times have been instru- 
mental in the conversion of more 
sinners, or baptized more believing 
subjects. His praise was in all the 
churches in this region of country, 
as an evangelical preacher ; a man 
of great humility, of deep toned 
piety, and of considerable research 
in scriptural knowledge* Notwith- 
standing, he always had a very 
humble opinion of his own perfor- 
mances, particularly those of a reli- 
gious character, often saying, his 
best services had need to be wash- 
ed in the blood of Christ, to cleanse 
them from sin. Elder Billingsly 
suflFered with ill health for many 
years previous to his death, but 
continued to preach till a few 
months before his departure. His 
bodily strength at length failing 
him, he was compelled to take his 
bed. But after disease had wasted 
his body to a mere skeleton, his 
mental ifaculties existed in all their 
vigor, and his faith in the atoning 
blood of Christ, produced joy inex- 
pressible and full of glory. Christ 
and his cross were all his theme. 
A few days previous to his death, 
on perceiving his friends weeping 
around his bedside, he reached out 
his withered arms, and put them 
around the neck of one of his 
daughters, clasped her to his breast, 
and said, " My dear, do not weep 
for me ! do not grieve after me !" 
She replied, " we weep to see you 
suffer so much ;" he said, " Jesus 
suflfered much more for me ; it will 
soon be over ;" he clasped his hands 



and said, "glory! glory! I shall 
soon be at home." On another oc- 
casion, when a singing master, in 
company with some of his scholars, 
paid him a visit, he said, " I shall 
soon sing louder than any of you. 
I hope the Lord has a harp laid 
aside for me." 

A day or two before his death, 
he observed to a daughter, who 
was watching by his bedside, "Oh, 
my child, I have been assaulted by 
some fiery darts from the enemy — 
he has been trying to tempt me to 
believe that if I were a child of 
God, he would not permit me to 
lie here and suffer so long. But it 
is the enemy — for it is written — 
yes, it is tvritteny man shall not 
live by bread alone, but by every 
word that proceedeth out of the 
mouth of God ; and whom the 
Lord loveth he chasteneth, and 
scourgeth every son whom he re- 
ceiveth. No wonder the enemy 
should follow me down to the 
grave, for he contended for the 
body of Moses. But I shall yet 
come off conqueror. I believe my 
Saviour is now walking with me 
through the furnace, although I 
cannot see him." He oft;en said 
he w£is a poor unworthy sinner, but 
trusted he had a kind intercessor 
and advocate with the Father, and 
through him he could be accepted. 
All this truth was in him. The 
morning he died, he said, "I feel 
very strange ! Can this be death? 
Can I be dying?" One of his 
daughters said, "Father, you are 
not afraid to die?" "No! no!" 
he replied. He requested that all 
his children should be called to his 
bed — ^then, looking up, he said, "O 
death, where is thy sting ? I hope 
death — " Here his voice failed 
him, but he clasped his hands, and 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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99 



was heard to articulate faintly, 
though distinctly, " rest ! rest ! 
rest !" and closed his eyes on all 
earthly objects on the 1st day of 
August, 1837, in the sixty-eighth 
year of his age, leaving a wife 
and nine children, all married and 
comfortably settled in life, and all 
members of the Baptist church 
save one. When he died he was 
living at his plantation called Sa- 
lem, in Spotsylvania, near Frede- 
rickburgh. Taylor^ s Virginia Bap- 
tist Ministers, 

BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNI- 
CA. Since this work is so copi- 
ously quoted, some account of it 
will be given under the name of 
the author,— Art. WATT, Robert, 
M. D., which see. 

BOYS, Dr. Ten authors of 
this name are noticed in Bibliothe- 
ca Britannica, and several by the 
name of Boyes, and of John Boys's 
three or more, as Booth only quotes 
from Boys' works, we incline to 
think that Rev. John Boyes who was 
born at Yorkshire, 1660, died 1728, 
a Protestant dissenting minister of 
England, whose works were print- 
ed, Lond. 1728, 2 vols. fol. is the 
one intended. He thus testifies : 

" The dipping in holy baptism 
has three parts; the putting into 
the water, the continuance in the 
water, and the coming out of the 
water. The putting into the water 
doth ratify the mortification of sin 
by the power of Christ's death, as 
Paul, Rom. vi. 3. Know ye not that 
all we which have been mptized in- 
to Jesus Christ have been baptized 
into his deaths and that our old 
man is crucified with him ? The 
continuance in the water notes the 
burial of sin ; to wit, a continual 
increase of mortification by the 
power of Christ's death and burial. 



Rom. vi. 4. The coming out of 
the water figured our spiritual 
resurrection and vivification to 
newness of life, by the power of 
Christ's resurrection, Rom. vi. 4, 
Col. ii. 12." Works, p. 294. Edit. 
1629. Booth, Padobaptism Ex- 
aminedj p. 50. 

BROOKE, Robert, author of— 
Nature of Truth in union and 
unity with the soul. Lond. 1641. 
8vo. Discourse, opening the Na- 
ture of that Episcopacy which is 
exercised in England. Lond. 1641. 
4to. Bib. Brit. This last work is 
quoted by Booth as follows : 

" To those that hold we may go 
no farther tl|^ Scripture, for doc- 
trine or discffiline, it may be very 
easy to err in this point now on 
hand (i. e. Infant baptism,) since 
the Scripture seems not clearly to 
have determined this particular. 
The analogy which baptism now 
hath with circumcision in the old 
law, is a fine rhetorical argument, 
to illustrate a point well proved be- 
fore ; but I somewhat doubt 
whether it be proof enough for that 
which some would prove by it: 
Since, besides the vast difference in 
the ordinances, the persons to be 
circumcised are stated by positive 
law, so express that it leaves no 
place for scruple. But it is far 
otherwise in baptism; where all 
the designations of persons fit to be 
partakers, for aught I know, is only 
sux^h as believe. For this is the 
quaUfication that, with exact- 
est search, I find the Scripture re- 
quires in persons to be baptized ; 
and this, it seems to require 
in all such persons. Now, how 
infants can be said properly to 
believe, I am not yet fully re- 
solved." Discourse of Episco- 
pacyj Sect. II. Chap. vii. p. 97. 



k 



100 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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ad Booth, Padobaptism Ex- 
aminedj p. 296. 

'* Else were your children unclean, 
but now are they holy. I know 
some interpret it thus : If it be law- 
ful for a believer to live in wed- 
lock with one that believeth not, 
then have many of you lived a 
long time in unlawful marriage ; 
and so your very children must be 
illegitimate, and these ail must be 
cast off as base born; but this is not 
so ; for your children are Ao/y, that 
is, legitimate. I confess this seems a 
very fair interpretation ; yet I must 
question whether this be all the 
Apostle means by that phrase holy, 
especially when I r^ect on the 
preceding words, TfJffunbeliever is 
sanctified by the believer. Nor yet 
can 1 believe any inherent holiness 
is here meant, but rather that rela- 
tive church-holiness, which makes 
a man capable of admission to 
holy ordinances, and so to baptism, 

YEA AND TO THE LORd's SUPPER ALSO 

FOR AUGHT I SEE I cxcept, pcrhaps, 
infants be excluded from this sa- 
crament, by this text, Let him that 
eateth examine himself and so let 
him eat" Discourse on Episcopacy, 
Sect. ii. Chap. vii. p. 97, 98. Booth 
in Paedobaptism Examined, p. 
380. 

BOWER, Archibald, Esq., born 
at Dundee, Scotland, 1686, died 
1766. A very able, learned, and 
extensive writer against popery. 
Among other works, author of — 
The History of the Popes, from the 
foundation of the See of Rome to 
the present time. Lond. 1750-1766. 
7 vols. 4to. Bib. Brit. Booth quotes 
this work, vol. II. p. 110. Note, p. 
121. Note as follows: 

" Baptism by immersion was un- 
doubtedly the apostolical practice, 
and was never dispensed with by 



the church, except in case of sick- 
ness, or when a sufficient quantity 
of water could not be had. In 
both these cases, baptism by asper- 
sion, or sprinkling, was allowed, 
but in no other. Hist, of the 
Popes, vol. II. p. 110. Note. See 
also p. 121 Note. Booth, Paedo- 
baptism Examined, p. 83. No- 
thing more can here be added fes- 
pecting Mr. Bower, except the bare 
cited concession. 

BOSSUET, James Benione, bi- 
shop of Meaux, bom at Dygon, in 
France, 1627, died at Paris, 1704, 
an eminent writer and preaohet, is 
quoted by Booth as follows : 

" To BAPTIZE signifies to plunge, 
as is granted by all the world." In 
Mr. Stennett against Mr. Russen, 
p. 174. Booth, Padobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 22. 

"The baptism of St. John the 
Baptist, which served for a pre- 
parative to that of Jesus Christ, 
was performed by plunging. When 
Jesus Christ came to St John, to 
raise baptism to a more marvellous 
efficacy in receiving it, the Scrip- 
ture says. That he went up out of 
the water of Jordan, Matt. iii. 16. 
Mark i. 10. In fine, we read not 
in the Scripture that baptism was 
otherwise administered; and we 
are able to make it appear, by the 
acts of councils, and by the ancient 
rituals, that FOR THIRTEEN 
HUNDRED YEARS, baptism was 
thus administered throughout the 
whole church, as far as was possible." 
In Mr. Stennet against Mr. Russen. 
p. 175, 176. Booth, Psedobaptism 
Examined, p. 93. 

'' It appears not that the three thou- 
sand and the five thousand, men- 
tioned in the Acts of the Apostles, 
j who were converted at the fost ser- 
; mons of St. Peter, were baptized any 



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other way, (than by immersion;); 
and the great numbers of those 
converts is no proof that they were ' 
baptized by sprinkling, Jis some! 
have conjectured. For, besides! 
that nothing obliges us to say, that : 
they were all baptized ori the same 
day, 'tis certain that St. John the 
Baptist, who baptized no less num- 
bers, seeing all Judea flocked to 
him, baptized no other way than 
by dipping, and his example shows 
us, that, to baptize a greater num- 
ber of people, those places were 
chosen where there was abundance 
of water. Add to this, that the 
baths and purifications of the an- 
cients rendered this ceremony easy 
and familiar at that time." In Mr. 
Stennett s Answer to Mr. Russen, 
p. 175, 176. Booth, Padobaptism 
Examined^ p. 113. 

" Though these are incontestible 
truths, (namely, that baptism is tm- 
utersion and immersion were prac- 
ticed by the Apostles) yet neither 
we, nor those of the pretended 
Reformed religion, hearken to the 
Anabaptists, who believe mersion 
to be essential and indispensable ; 
nor have either they or we feared 
to change this dipping, as I may 
say, of the whole body, into a bare 
aspersion, or infusion on one part 
of it. No other reason of this al- 
teration can be rendered, than that 
this dipping is not of the substance 
of baptism ; and those of the pre- 
tendc^l Reformed religion agreeing 
with us in this, the first principle 
we have laid down is incontestible. 
The second principle is, that to 
distinguish in a sacrament what 
does or does not belong to the sub- 
stance of it, we must consider the 
essential efficacy of the sacrament. 
Thus, although the word of Jesus 
Christ, baptize, as has been said, 



signifies dip, it has been thought 
that the efficacy of the sacrament 
was not annexed to the quantity 
of water ; so that baptism by in- 
fusion, and sprinkling, or by mer- 
sion, appearing in reality to have 
the same eflicacy, both the one 
and the other mode is judged good. 
Now seeing, as we have said, we 
can not find in the eucharist any 
essential efficacy of the body dis- 
tinguished from that of the blood ; 
the grace of one and of the other, as 
the sum and substance of it, can 
not but be the same. It signifies 
nothing to say, the representation 
of the death of our Lord, is more 
express in the two kinds. I grant 
it, and in like manner the new 
birth of a believer, is mm-e express 
in im,mersian,i\i2LH in bare infusion, 
or aspersion. For the believer 
being plunged in the water of bap- 
tism, is buried with Jesus Christ, 
as the Apostle expresses it. Rom. 
vi. 4. Col. ii. 12. and coming out 
of the water quits the tomb with 
his Saviour, and more perfectly re- 
presents the mystery of Jesus 
Christ, who regenerates him. 
Mersion in which water is applied 
to the whole body or to ^1 its 
parts, also more perfectly signifies 
that a man is more fully and en- 
tirely washed from his defilements : 
and yet, baptism performed by im- 
mersion, or plunging, is not better 
than that which is administered 
by simple infusion, and on one 
part only. 'Tis sufl^cient that the 
expression of the mystery of Jesus 
Christ, and the efficacy of grace, 
is found in substance in the sacra- 
I ment, and the utmost exactness of 
; representation is not required in 
' it. Thus, in the eucharist, the ex- 
pression of the death of our Lord, 
I being in substance found in it, 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Bo 



when that hody which was deliver- 
ed up for us, is given to us; and 
the expression of the grace of the 
sacrament heing also found in it, 
when the image of our spiritual 
nourishment is given us, under the 
species of bread ; the blood, which 
only adds to it a more express signi- 
fication^ is not absolutely necessary. 
In Mr. Stennett against Mr. 
Russenj p. 176, 178. Apud. Booth, 
Padobaptism Examined^ p. 153. 

"As lor infants, those of the 
pretended Reformed religion in- 
deed say, their baptism is founded 
on the scripture^ but they produce 
no passar:j express to that purpose, 
but argue from very remote^ not to 
say dovhtftdj and even very false 
consequences. 'Tis certain that all 
proofs they bring from the scripture 
on this subject have no force at 
all; and those that might have 
some strength are destroyed by 
themselves. The proofs that are 
drawn from the necessity of bap- 
tism, to compel men to allow it to 
infants, are destroyed by our re- 
formed gentlemen ; and these that 
follow are substituted in their room, 
as they are noted in their Cate- 
chism, in their Confession of Faith, 
and in their prayers. Namely, that 
the children of believers are bom 
in the covenant according to this 
promise, / will be thy Gody and the 
God of thy offering to a thousand 
generations. From whence they 
conclude, that since the virtue and 
substance of baptism belongs to in- 
fants, it would be injurious to them 
to deny them the sign, which is 
inferior to it. By a like reason they 
will find themselves forced to give 
the communion together with bap- 
tism : for they who are in the co- 
venant are incorporated with Jesus 
Christ And having by this means, 



according to them, the virtue and 
substance of the communion ; they 
ought to say, as they do of baptism, 
that the sign of it cannot without 
injury be refused them." In Sten- 
nett against Mr. Russen^ pp. 180, 
182, 183. Booth, Psedobaptism 
Examined, p. 190. 

BOCHER, Joan, of Kent. This 
lady suffered mart3rrdom as a Bap- 
tist in the reign of Edward VI. of 
England, brother of Mary, who 
reluctantly signed her death war- 
rant, and remonstrated against the 
cruelty of the act, with the relent- 
less Cranmer. " She was a great 
dispenser of Tyndal's New Testa- 
ment, and a great reader of scrip- 
ture herself, which book also she 
dispersed in the Court, and so be- 
came known to certain women of 
quality, and was particularly ac- 
quainted with Mrs. Ann Askew. 
She used for greater secresy to tie 
the books with strings under her 
apparel, and so pass with them in- 
to the Court" Strype's Ecc'l. 
Mem. vol. 2. p. 214. "If I do 
wrong, since it is in submission to 
your authority, you shall answer 
it before God," said the young 
king Edward to Cranmer, who 
was deeply affected with the king's 
remonstrance. This reminds one 
of Pilate's washing his hands when 
he delivered Jesus to the Jews, and 
Cranmer's conduct resembles that 
of Jesus' murderers, who said, 
" His blood be upon us and on our 
children." Let the reader consult 
Fox's Book of Martyrs. 

BOURN, Immanuel, an English 
Divine, born in Northamptonshire, 
1590, died 1672, author of " De- 
fence and Justification of Ministers' 
maintainanceby Tithes, &o. against 
the Anabaptists and Quakers. Lond. 
1659. 4ta and other works. Bib.Bri. 



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CYGLOP-SDIA. 



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103 



BOHEMIUS, Johannes. "In 
former times it was the custom to 
administer baptism only to those 
that were instructed in the faith, 
and seven times, in the week be- 
fore Easter and Pentecost, catechis- 
ed or asked questions, and then 
upon a confession of their faith 
they were baptized, it was ordain- 
ed that new-bom children should 
he baptized, and sponsors were ap- 
pointed to make a confession of 
their faith, and renounce the devil 
on their behalf De Gentium Mori- 
buSj L. n. in A. R's. Vanity of 
Infant Baptism. Part ii. p. 9. 
Booth, Padobaptism, Examined^ 
p. 196. This quotation is all that 
we can now record of this Paedo- 
baptist author. 

BOOTH, Abraham, a pious and 
popular Baptist minister, who was 
born in Derbyshire, England, 1734, 
died 1806. He was author of the 
following works : 

1. The Reign of Grace, from its 
Rise to its Consummation ; with a 
Recommendatory Preface, by the 
Rev. Henry Vam, Vicar of Hud- 
dersfield. Lend. 1768, 8vo. 1790. 
12mo. 

2. The Death of Legal Hope, 
the Life of Evangelical Obedience, 
an Essay on Gsd. iii. 19. showing 
that while a sinner is alive to the 
Law, as a covenant, he can not 
live to God in the performance of 
Duty, and that the Moral Law is 
immutable in its nature, and of 
perpetual use, as the Rule of a be- 
liever's Conduct. 1770. 8vo. 

3. The Deity of Jesus Christ es- 
sential to the Christian Religion, 
a translation from Abaddie, and 
occasioned by the Subscription 
Controversy. 1770. 

4. An Apology for the Baptists 
in refusing Communion at the 



Lord's Table to Pacdobaptists. 
1778. 12mo. 

5. Paedobaptism Examined on 
the Principles, Concessions, and 
Reasonings of the most learned 
Paedobaptists. 1784, 2 vols. 12 mo. 
and enlarged, 1787. 2 vols. A work 
which his sect consider unanswer- 
able. 

6. An Essay on the Kingdom of 
Christ. 1788. 12mo. 

7. A Defence of Peedobaptism 
Examined ; or Animadversions on 
Dr. Williams' Antipsedobaptism 
Examined. 1792. 12mo. 

8. Glad Tidings to Perishing 
Sinners ; or the Genuine Gospel a 
complete warrant for the ungodly 
to believe in Jesus. 2d. edit, im- 
proved. 18mo. 

9. The Amen to Social Prayer 
illustrated and improved, a Ser- 
mon. 1801. 8vo. 

10. Pastoral Cautions, an Address 
at the Ordination of Mr. Thomas 
Hopkins, now published and en- 
larged. 1805. 

11. Sermon. 1801. 8vo. 

12. Posthumous Essays, with his 
Confession of Faith. 1808. 12mo. 

This catalogue is taken from the 
Bibliotheca Britannica. In the 
Encyclopedia of Religious Know- 
ledge is the following article which 
can not be much improved, and is 
extracted notwithstanding the re- 
capitulation of some particulars. 

"Booth, Abraham, the well- 
known champion of Baptist prin- 
ciples, venerable for his learning, 
piety, and talents, was born at 
Blackwell, in Derbyshire, in the 
month of May, 1734. He was the 
eldest child of a large family, and 
his father being a farmer, he brought 
his son up to the business, in which 
he assisted him till he had arrived 
at the age of sixteen. His educa* 



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tion therefore, in early years, was 
very much neglected ; he never 
went even to a common day-school, 
and the only instruction he receiv- 
ed was in the knowledge of the 
English alphabet, which his father 
taught him after the toils and fa- 
tigues of the day. It has been 
frequently and justly observed, 
that many who have received the 
least instruction, have, in the 
course of a comparatively short 
space of time, made the most rapid 
improvement both in mind and 
heart, and have become blessings 
to their friends and ornaments to 
society ; while others have dis- 
graced both their preceptors and 
themselves, and only left behind 
them names dishonored and un- 
worthy. To the former may be 
added Abraham Booth. His mind, 
ever active and energetic, was at 
length roused to exertion, and he 
determined to cultivate it himself. 
This resolution, once adopted, never 
forsook him ; and, in a short time, 
he perfected himself in arithmetic 
and writing : and while the other 
members of his family were enjoy- 
ing their nocturnal repose, he was 
studying and preparing himself for 
that future usefulness for which he 
was subsequently so distinguished. 
The bodily fatigues of farming not 
suiting his hecdth, he learned to 
work in the stocking-frame, but 
neither was this application adapt- 
ed to him. He was destined for 
a more responsible and important 
work. His parents were members 
of the Church of England, and, 
till their attention was arrested by 
the discourses of some zealous itin- 
erant preachers, who were Grene- 
ral Baptists, they constantly at-| 
tended their parish church. The| 
mind of young Abraham was! 



strongly impressed with their argu- 
ments, and, after mature, deliber- 
ation, he consented to be baptized, 
at Barton, by Mr. Francis Smith. 
Mr. Booth gave very early marks 
of piety; and was frequently, 
when his parents thought he was 
devoting his time to recreation, 
overheard in prayer. His friends, 
impressed with the idea that he 
possessed talents for usefrdness in 
the church of God, expressed their 
anxieties for him to enter the mi- 
nistry; and, after many prayers 
and much consideration on the im- 
portance of the great work on 
which he was entering, he became 
a preacher among the G-eneral Bap- 
tists. He was an active minister 
of the Grospel ; preaching at Mel- 
bourne, Barton, Loughborough, 
Diseworth, and many other sur- 
rounding places, where he labored 
with much success. In 1758 he 
married Miss Elizabeth Bowman, 
an amiable and intelligent young 
woman, by whom he had a large 
family. These increasing demands 
on his income induced hun to open 
an academy at Sutton Ashfield, 
for young gentlemen, in which 
he was joined by his amiable part- 
ner, who received a proportionate 
number of females. 

In 1760 there were distinct 
churches formed, in consequence 
of the Baptist connexion having 
increased; and Mr. Booth was ac- 
cordingly set apart for the society 
of Kirby Woodhouse, where he 
labored for several years, till an 
event occurred, which made it his 
painfril duty to leave a people to 
whom he was much attached, and 
among whom he had labored for 
many years. His doctrinal senti- 
ments underwent an important 
change. Hitherto he had held the 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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105 



i 



Arminian doctrine of the efficacy 
of divine grace, and wrote a work 
on " Absolute Predestination," in 
which he opposed the doctrine of 
election, which he afterwards 
warmly vindicated. He now pub- 
lished his " Reign of Grace," being 
the substance of discourses preach- 
ed in a room at Sutton Ashfield, 
after his secession from the Gene- 
ral Baptists. 

In 1768, he was called to the 
pastoral office of the church in 
Prescot-street, Goodman's fields, 
London, and was ordained over 
them. He now studied intensely, 
and soon shone as a theologian 
and a scholar. In 1770, he pub- 
lished a tract, entitled " The Death 
of Legal Hope the Life of Evan- 
gelical Obedience," which has 
been greatly praised. In 1792, the 
cries and tears of the persecuted 
Africans arrested his attention, and 
he publicly avowed his utter ab- 
horrence of the slave trade ; he 
took an active part in forwarding 
petitions to the English legislature 
for. its abolition; and he preached 
an able and judicious discourse, in 
aid of the society formed for eflfect- 
ing the abolition of that horrid 
and disgraceful traffic. Mr. Booth 
now became an author of first-rate 
celebrity in the Baptist denomi- 
nation, and of which it may be 
truly said that he was one of its 
brightest ornaments. In 1778, he 
published "An Apology for the 
Baptists, in which they are Vindi- 
cated from the imputation of lay- 
ing an undue stress on the ordi- 
nance of Baptism ;" namely, when 
they refuse communion at' the 
Lord's Table with unbaptized per- 
sons. A powerful effort has indeed 
been lately made by an eloquent 
writer of their own denomination 



to overturn the principles of the 
" Apology," and vindicate the prac- 
tice of mixed communion ; but 
Mr. Booth has been most ably sup- 
ported by Mr. Joseph Kinghorn, of 
Norwich, and still more recently 
have the fundamental principles of 
his essay been vindicated by Mr. 
J. G. Fuller, of Bristol, son of the 
late secretary to the Baptist mis- 
sion, in a small volume, which has 
yet received no reply from the ad- 
vocates of mixed communion. 

In 1784, in consequence of the 
appearance of a posthumous pub- 
lication, on the subject of infant 
baptism, from the pen of the cele- 
brated Matthew Henry, Mr. Booth 
gave to the world his " Paedobap- 
tism Examined, on the Principles, 
Concessions, and Reasonings of 
the most learned Psedobaptists," in 
which he meets his opponents on 
their own ground, avails himself of 
their own weapons, and with singu- 
lar dexterity turns them against 
themselves. The volume was re- 
viewed by Mr. Badcock, in the 
Monthly Review for September, 
1784, in which he takes occasion 
to remark in the course of his cri- 
tique, that " sets his opponents to- 
gether by the ears, and leaves them 
to overthrow the very cause, in 
defence of which they professed to 
take the field." The edition was 
quickly disposed of, and in 1787, 
our author came forward with a 
second edition, now greatly enlarg- 
ed by additional quotations from 
the writings of the most celebrat- 
ed Psedobaptists, accompanied by 
additional illustrations, remarks, 
and reetsonings, comprised in two 
thick and closely printed volumes. 
In this performance, the reader 
will be astonished at the extent of 
the author's reading and research, 



106 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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hi? indefatigable industry, and his ' 
patient perseverance in the prose- 
cution of his subject, nor less soj 
at his skill in the luminous ar-, 
rangement of his materials, which 
are collected from ancient fathers, 
from historians of every age and 
country, from the most eminent j 
professors and pious divines. In a , 
word, he seems to have exhausted 
the controversy on the side of the 
Baptists. An attempt, however, 
was made to furnish a reply, by 
Dr. Williams, afterwards president 
of the Rotherdam dissenting aca- 
demy, which called up our author 
again, in 1792, when he published 
"A Defence of Facdobaptism Ex- 
amined; or. Animadversions on 
Dr. Edward Williams^s Anti-paedo- 
baptism Examined." It was com- 
prised in a volume of more than 
five hundred pages, and displays 
equal ability with the former work. 
Alter being many years out of 
print, a new edition of the whole 
of these pieces on the baptismal 
controversy has recently made its 
appearance (1828) in three volumes, 
octavo, handsomely printed. 

To enumerate all the productions 
of our author's pen would be to ex- 
tend this article to too great a 
length, since almost every year 
furnished some new proof of his 
laborious exertions in the cause of 

Eure and undefiled religion; but 
is *' Essay on the Kingdom of 
Christ," his " Pastoral Cautions," 
and his " Amen to Social Prayer." 
may be specified among his minor 
productions ; and they are all of 
them pieces of uncommon excel- 
lence. But his ** Glad Tidings to 
perishing Sinners ; or, the Genuine 
Gospel a complete Warrant for the 
UngOiily to believe in Jesus ChrisC* 
which appeared in 1796, and which 



was followed by a second edition 
in 1800, was a publication of great- 
er extent, and will abundantly re- 
compense the cost and pains of 
perusing it. His last publication 
was a discourse, delivered at one 
of the monthly meetings of the 
Baptist churches in the metropolis, 
entitled, '^ Divine Justice essential 
to the Divine Character," with a 
copious appendix ; and in none of 
his writings did the author give 
more solid proofs of an enlightened 
mind, or of more cogent and power- 
ful reasoning. Mr. Booth died on 
the 27th of January, 1806, in the 
seventy-second year of his age, 
deeply regretted by all who knew 
him. He possessed a powerful and 
vigorous mind, cultivated by in- 
tense study, enlarged and expand- 
ed by reading and reflection, and 
enriched by a copious unction from 
the Spirit of all grace. He was a 
man of the most inflexible integ- 
rity, great sancity of manners, and 
exhibited to all around, a pattern 
of the Christian minister. His 
works (excepting those on baptism) 
were published, in three octavo 
volumes, in 1813, with an Essay 
on his Life and Writings. — Jontit 
Chris. Biog. 

BROWN, John, an English au- 
thor of-A Funeral Sermon on Bom. 
viii. 28, 39, 8vo. — On Baptism, 
Acts, viii. 36, 38, 1784, 8vo. Bih. 
Brit. 

BROWN, John, an English 
stationer and bookseller, lived 
about the close of the 16th and 
commencement of the 17 th centu- 
!ries, and had printed for him, A 
True Report of the most trium- 
phant and Ryall accomplishment 
: of the Baptisme of the most excel- 
lent right high and mighty Prince 
I Henry Frederick, by the Graoe of 



■i*- 



y 



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OYCLOPJBDIA. 



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107 



God, Prince of WaliBs, as it was 
solemnized August 30th, 1594, 
Lond. without date. Bih Brit 
Not less than a dozen more 
John Browns are mentioned hy 
Robert Watt, as authors, in his 
Bib. Brit, with a score of other 
Browns, the principal of whom is 
John Brown of Haddington, au- 
thor of the Dictionary of the Bible. 
He mentions as among his numer- 
ous works — History of the Seced- 
ers, 8th ed. 1802. 

BUOWN, William, pastor of a 
G-eneral Baptist Church, Duke- 
street Park, Westminster, England, 
successor to William Marner, who 
died July 16, 1691, and preceded 
Mr. Taylor, who was pastor in 
1807. Mr. Brown was certainly 
pastor here in 1698, when Captain 
Pierce Johns endowed the Baptist 
Churches in White's Alley, Glass- 
house-yard, Duke-street Park, Fair- 
street, Goodman's Fields, — Dun- 
ning's Alley. Wilson's Hist. Dis- 
sent. Churches, vol. 4, p. 180. 

BROWN, Joseph,^ — a baptist 
minister, born at Coventry, Eng- 
land, June 1730 ; died May 21, 
1803. He was a student of Dr. 
Doddridge, at Northampton. The 
Doctor committed to his care the 
philosophical apparatus, and so 
pleased was he with his improve- 
ment and parts that he engaged 
Mr. Brown to assist him in his lec- 
tures on experimental philosophy. 
For every thing belonging to that 
department, he possessed an excel- 
lent genius, and his love of the 
mechanic arts he cherished through- 
out life. Having finished the usual 
course of education at Northamp- 
ton, seldom less than five years, he 
embraced the doctrines of general 
redemption and of baptism by im- 
mersion; and to these he stead- 



fastly adhered to the latest period 
of his life. His first settlement 
was at Dowhton, in Wilts, from 
whence he was called to succeed 
Mr. Fry, at Fair-street, Horsley- 
down. Here he and his church 
continued but a short period, and 
after several removals, finally fixed 
at Deptford. Mr. Brown was 
many years secretary to the Gene- 
ral Assembly of the Baptists. His 
last discourse at Deptford was from 
Luke xxii. 15. "With desire I 
have desired to eat this passover," 
&c., and he seemed to have a pre- 
sentment of his speedy dissolution. 
Some of his friends then present 
thought it his farewell sermon, 
and so it proved. His illness arose 
from a gradual decay of nature ; 
but no root of pain either preceded 
or accompanied his dissolution. A 
near relation who lived with him 
for years, said, he scarcely knew 
what pain was. His remains were 
deposited at his request in the 
burial ground ^joining the Gene- 
ral Baptist Meeting-house, in 
Church-street, Deptford, where his 
funeral Sermon was preached by Mr. 
Moore, from Rev. xiv. 13. Wilson^s 
Hist. Dissent. Churches, vol. 4, pp. 
262—263 

BROWN, J. Newton, a Baptist 
minister, and poet, yet living and 
author of, Fessenden and Co.'s 
" Encvclopedia of Religious Know- 
ledge, ' Brattleboro, Vermont, 1837, 
8vo. p. 1275. 

BROWN, Chad, one of the 
original members of the first Bap- 
tist church at Providence, R. I., in 
1639, and Elder of this church, 
jointly with William Wickenden, 
in 1642; he died 1665, and the 
town of Providence erected a mo- 
nument to his memory. See arti- 
cles following. 



108 



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BEOWN, John, Esq., was a 
liberal promoter of religion and 
literature in the town of Provi- 
dence, Rhode Island. He was 
son of llev. Chad Brown, the im- 
mediate successor of Roger Wil- 
liams, as pastor of the Baptist 
church at Providence. He was 
warmly attached to the interests 
of the Baptist Society, and laid the 
foundation stone of the College, in 
1769. He was distinguished for 
untiring industry, and by a sound 
practical j udgment, so that although 
he was engaged in many enter- 
prises, he seems to have succeeded 
in ail he undertook. He doubtless 
possessed much of a public spirit, 
which he evinced in his efforts for 
the improvement of the town. In 
his day. Main-street was a sandy 
and disagreeable walk; he might 
be seen busily engaged in the 
work himself, to be sure that it 
was properly done. In view of his 
great success as a merchant, it is 
gratifying to be able to say of him 
that " his liberality tept pfiice with 
his riches." Hague's Bap. Church, 
Translated, &c., Appendix p. 182- 
183 

BROWN, Joseph, LL.D., was 
long an active member of the Bap- 
tist Church at Providence. He 
was another son of Rev. Chad 
Brown. Although a merchant, he 
was distinguished as a lover of 
science, and especially for his at- 
tainments in natural philosophy. 
For this, his genius particularly 
disposed him, yet he seems to have 
been equally at home within the 
realms of taste. This temple 
which he planned, is a proof to us, 
that he must have been devoted 
to, at least one of the fine arts, for 
no one could have succeeded in 
producing a structure of such nice 



and fair proportions, as this house 
in Providence, without having 
given much attention to the study 
of architecture. He was a warm 
friend of the College, in which he 
held the office of Professor of Ex- 
perimental Philosophy. As a citi- 
zen he was peculiarly useful, for 
such was his knowledge of philo- 
sophy and mechanics, combined as 
it was with taste, that he was con- 
sulted about almost every thing 
which pertained to improvement 
in the arts. He died in December 
1785. Mrs. Ward, of Providence, 
and Mrs. Rogers, youngest daugh- 
ter of Dr. Lane, are ail who re- 
main of his posterity. Hague's 
Church Transp. Append, p. 183— 
184. 

BROWN, Nicholas, Esq., was 
educated to business from his early 
youth, and was distinguished lor 
the exhibition of all the social and 
mercantile virtues as he was for 
his success in coi^merce. He 
was a brother of the two preceding, 
another son of Chad Brown. 
Though " diligent in business," his 
mind and heart were too enlarged 
to be engrossed by that alone ; he 
cherished a lively interest in the 
welfare of his country, and the' 
progress of learning and religion. 
" He was an early, persevering, 
and zealous patron of the College, 
and a most exemplary member of 
the Baptist Society. The language 
of his conduct was like that of the 
patriarch of old, " as for me and 
my house, we will serve the Lord.'* 
His religious zeal was the effect of 
a rational conviction of the great 
truths of the Christian revelation ; 
truths which had been his study for 
many years, and in which his 
knowledge was deep and exten- 
sive. His awful reverence for the 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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109 



Deity impressed every one who 
heard him speak, or saw him write 
the sacred name of the great Crea- 
tor and Governor of the world. 
" He was from sentiment a lover 
of mankind, especially of good 
men. He was not ashamed of the 
gospel of Christ, nor of the poorest 
of his disciples. His manners were 
plain and sincere. He was a 
faithful friend and a good compa- 
nion, and combining with his ex- 
cellent social qualities a general 
knowledge of the world, of books, 
and of men, his conversation was 
always pleasing and instructive. 
Being generally regarded as a man 
of piety, and always expressing his 
religious sentiments with great de- 
cision, it seemed remarkable to 
many, that he should have doubt- 
ed the propriety of his becoming a 
member of the Church. A high 
sense of the dignity of the Chris- 
tian profession, connected with an 
humble estimation of himself, 
seem to have prevented his taking 
a step to which his principles and 
habits would naturally and con- 
stantly have led him. He died on 
Sunday, 29th of May, 1791. Rev. 
Dr. Stillman preached his funeral 
sermon Tuesday, at the church 
whither his remains were convey- 
ed. A numerous train of relatives 
and friends followed him to the 
grave, in the north burying place, 
for it was justly said of him, that 
" as in his life, he was universally 
esteemed, so at his death he was 
universally lamented," Mr. Brown 
had followed six childen to the 
tomb, one of whom, Moses Brown, 
died at the age of 16, just after he 
had graduated at the College, and 
had awakened the warmest hopes 
respecting his future character and 
life. " We are happy to say at this 



day," says Mr. Hague in 1839, 
" that two children yet survive him, 
Nicholas Brown and Mrs. Hope 
Ives, widow of Thomas P. Ives, 
Esq." Hague's Church Transplant- 
ed, Appendix p. 184—185. 

BOTSACCUS, J. is mentioned 
by Benedict, p. 926, from Dr. Sears, 
of Newton, as a writer against the 
Anabaptists in a.d. 1651 ; but what 
he wrote or the title of his book is 
not given. This may be given in 
our chronlogical arrangement of 
authors and books. . 

BONTEMPS, J. is another au- 
thor mentioned in the same way 
by Benedict, upon the authority of 
Dr. Sears, as a writer against the 
Anabaptists, without affixing the 
date. Ben. p. 926. See Baptist 
Cyclopaedia, p. 48, in Art. Bayle, 
and Bayle's Die. vol. 1, p. 288. 

BOIS, John Baptist, an eminent 
French writer and critic, born 1670 ; 
died 1742. Bib. Brit. This is pro- 
bably the author named by Bene- 
dict from Dr. .Sears, as a writer 
against Anabaptists, 1799, the 
work being a reprint of an earlier 
edition. Ben. p. 92. 

BLOOD, Rev. Caleb, author of 
A Dialogue between a Baptist and 
Psedobaptist, on Abraham's Cove- 
nant, the Olive-tree, &c. By Rev. 
Caleb Blood, Boston, 1815, a Bap- 
tist. Ben. p. 218. 

BROOKS, Rev. Charles, a Bap- 
tist author of — A Reply to Rev. 
Elisha Andrew's Strictures in his 
essay in favor of Christian Com- 
munion. By Rev. Charles Brooks, 
Windsor, Vermont, 8vo, pp. 59, 1823. 
Ben. p. 218. 

BRONSON, Rev. A., a Baptist 
author of — Christian Baptism: An 
Examination of the Rev. Mr. Fow- 
ler's lectures on the mode and sub- 
jects of Baptism. By Rev. A. 



w 



110 



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BroiuBon, Proiridenoe, R. L, pp. 228, 
iH^rj. Ben. p. 223. 

BROADDUS, Rev. William F., 
a Baptittt author of Letters to Mr. 
Slicer, a Methodist Minister, in re- 
ply to his appeal on Christian Bap- 
tism. By Rev. William F. Broad- 
dus, Washington, D. C, 8vo, pp. 
123. 1836. Ben. p. 224. 

BOST WICK, Rev. David, a Pae- 
dobaptist author of A Fair and ra- 
tional vindication of the rights of 
infants to the ordinance of baptism, 
about 1764. New- York. A pos- 
thumous publication. Ben. p. 276. 

BOSTON, Thos., bom at Dunse, 
Scotland, 1676; died 1732. He 
was a popular and learned Paedo- 
baptist divine and author of many 
valuable works. He is quoted be- 
low: 

''It is plain that he (Peter, in 
Acts, ii. 38,) requires their repen- 
tance antecedently to baptism, as 
necessary to qualify them for the 
right and due reception thereof. 
And there is no example of baptism 
recorded in the Scriptures, where 
any were baptized, but such as ap- 
peared to have a saving interest in 
Christ. Works, p. 384. Booth, p. 171. 

" The Sacraments are not con- 
verting, but confirming ordinances ; 
they are appointed for the use and 
benefit of God's children^ not of 
others ; they are given to believers, 
CM believers, as Rutherford express- 
eth it, so that none others are capa- 
ble of the same before the Lord. 
Ursin, upon that question, who 
ought to come to the supper ? tells 
us, the Sacraments are appointed for 
the faithful and converted only, to 
seal the promise of the Gospel to 
them, and confirm their faith." 
Works, vol. 1, part 2, p. 200. Booth, 
p. 184. With the exception of 
sealing this is Baptist doctrine. 



BOWLER, Cha&les, one of a 
succession of pastors of the Baptist 
Church, Devonshire-square* Lon- 
don, who was pastor from 1722 to 
perhaps 1726. See Art. Devon- 
shire-square, in our Gazetteer. 

BLOCK, J. a Baptist martyr in 
1572. All his property, which was 
considerable, was confiscated, and 
he burnt to death by the Roman 
Catholics. To an alderman who 
visited him while in prison to con- 
vert him to popery, he replied : *' You 
ought to have converted me in 
former times when we went toge- 
ther in amusement and dissipation." 
Some of the Lords who condemned 
him to the stake wept at his exe- 
cution. Martyr's Mirror, p. 810. 
Ben. p. 109. 

BULLINGER, Henry, a Swiss 
reformer, born near Zurich, Switz- 
erland, in the village of Bremgar- 
ten, 1504 ; died 1577. It would 
require more than two pages of this 
work to enumerate the titles of his 
various publications, the earliest of 
which is dated 1532. His second 
work was entitled. Contra Omnia 
Catabaptistarum parva dogmata, li- 
bri, iv. Zig. 1532, 8vo. This was 
levelled against the Anabaptists 
whom BuUinger styled " Donatists 
new dipt." He was among the 
earliest, if he were not the very 
first Psedobaptist writer who ap- 
plied to the Anabaptists the cog- 
nomen " Baptists," as he generally 
does in most of his writings con- 
cerning them. The name Baptist 
was therefore in use during the 
lifetimes of Luther, Calvin, Bucer, 
Beza, Henry the 8th of England, 
Menno, and Arminius and their 
cotemporaries, as may be proved 
by reference to Bullinger's works. 
The name Baptist is therefore as 
old as the Protestant Reformation, 



L 







:^ 



1 * V 



fiv 



CYCLOPJBDIA. 



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111 



if it be no older, — nay, had it not 
been used by the Evangelists. We 
give the title of the following 
other works which it were well for 
Baptists to collect and preserve al- 
though inveighing against them : — 
Absolvata de Christi Domini et 
Catholicse eius Ecclesise Sacra- 1 
mentis Tractatio. Lond. 1551.1 
16mo. Three Dialogues between 
the seditious Libertine, or rebel i 
Anabaptist, and the true obedient | 
Christian, 1551, 8vo. An Halsome 
Antidotus, or counter poyson 
against the pestilent heresye and 
sect of Anabaptists; newly trans-; 
lated by John Vesin. Lond. 1554, i 
8vo. Adversus Anabaptistas libb. j 
ii. e Germanico versi per Josiamj 
Simlerum. Zig. 1560, 8vo. A! 
most sure and strong Defence of _ 
the Baptism of Children against 
the Anabaptists ; in English by J. 
Vernon. Lond. 8vo. Some other 
of his works contain also allusion^t 
to Anabaptists and the Sacraments. 
Bibliotheca Britannica^ also Bene- 
dict, p. 264, which he credits on p. 
265 to the author of the Baptist 
CyclopaBdia, and indeed all of his 
authors noticed in his work which 
are mentioned in Watt's Bibliothe- 
ca Brit&,nnica are entitled chiefly 
to be credited to the same source, 
as Mr. Benedict's attention was, it 
is certain, first directed to the Bib- 
liotheca Britannica by the author 
of the Baptist Cyclopaedia in lieu 
of furnishing himself the matter for 
Mr. Benedict therein deposited, 
bat Mr. Benedict's labors and re- 
searches added to the materials, 
made them his own, and entitle 
him fully to the claim of originality. 
It is however only just and fair 
that without trespass we in turn 
he allowed to use his store of mate- 
rials, giving credit. 



BURGESS, Cornelius, a Non- 
conformist clergyman ; died 1665' 
Among his works was one entitled 
Baptismal Regeneration of Elect 
Infants. Oxf. 1629, 4to. Bib. 
Brit. 

BURROUGHS, Joseph, an Eng- 
lish Baptist divine, author of — 1. 
Thanksgiving for victory-; a Ser- 
mon on Ps. xxxvii. 7. 1713, 4to. 
2. Total Eclipse of the Sun, on 
Jerem. x. 2. 1715, 8vo. 3. Ser- 
mon on 1. Tim. iii. 13. 1730, 8vo. 
4. Against Popery ; a Sermon on 
John, XX. 21, 23. 1735, 8vo. 5. 
View of Popery. Lond. 1735, 8vo. 
6. Sermon on New Year's day, 
1737. 7. Sermons, 1741, 8vo. 8. 
Two discourses on private institu- 
tions; concerning Baptism, &o., 
Lond. 1742, 8vo. 9. Funeral of 
Rev. Mr. Weatherley; a Sermon 
on 1. Cor. XX. 57. 1752, 8vo. 10. 
Funeral of Rev. Mr. Isaac Himber, 

1754. 11. Funeral of Rev. Mr. 
M^Morris, 1. Thess. iv. 13, 18. 

1755, 8vo. 12. Life of Joseph 
Burroughs. Watt in his Bibliothe- 
ca Britannica does not indicate 
whether this last work was an 
autobiography, or written by ano- 
ther after his decease. Mr. Bur- 
roughs was one of that noble suc- 
cession of pastors of the General 
Baptist Church in Paul's Alley, 
London — Gosnold, Plant, Stennett, 
Pitman, Allen, Foxwell, Gale, Bur- 
roughs, Kimber, Foster, Burroughs 
(James,) Webb, and Noble, &c. 
Of each of whom a biography will 
be found in this Cyclopaedia in 
their respective alphabetical places. 
We copy from Walter Wilson, who 
says : " Joseph Burroughs was a 
learned and respectable Antipse- 
dobaptist (Baptist) divine in the 
last century, was born in London, 
on 1st of January, 1684 — 5. His 



112 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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father, Mr. Humphrey Burroughs, 
was a respectable weaver in Spital- 
fields, and by the smiles of Provi- 
denoe upon his industry, arrived 
at considerable affluence. He was 
many years a member and deacon 
of the Baptist Church in Virginia- 
street, and afterwards sustained the 
same office, in the General Baptist 
Society, Paul's Alley, Barbican. 
This gentleman narrowly escaped 
being ruined in his circumstances 
by the infamous Titus Oates ; and 
his deliverance was annually com- 
memorated in a day of thanksgiv- 
ing, by his descendants. A very 
particular account of the transac- 
tion here referred to, may be seen 
in Crosby's History of the English 
Baptists, vol. 3, p. 170-180. His 
son, Mr. Joseph Burroughs, was 
early inclined to the work of the 
ministry, which was a proof of the 
seriousness of his disposition ; as 
his circumstances were such as en- 
abled him to pursue a more lucra- 
tive profession. With a view to 
this sacred employment, his father 
gave him a very liberal education, 
first in a private academy at High- 
gate, under Dr. Ker, and afterwards 
at Leyden. In that university he 
made such progress in many dif- 
ferent branches of knowledge, es- 
pecially such as had any real con- 
nexion with the ministerial profes- 
that he became entitled to 



sion 

great distinction in the literary 
world. After a few years occa- 
sional preaching, he was invited 
in May, 1713, to the co-pastorship 
with the Rev. Richard Allen, pas- 
tor of the General Baptist Church 
in Paul's Alley, Barbican. This 
ofier his modesty induced him to 
decline ; he, however, continued 
his occasional labors in that church, 
till the death of Mr. Allen, when 



he was chosen to succeed him in 
the pastoral charge, to which he 
was ordained May 1, 1717. The 
service was conducted in the fol- 
lowing manner : Mr. Nathaniel 
Foxwell opened the work of the 
day, by reading 1 Timothy, chap. 
3 and 4, and then .prayed ; Mr. 
Benjamin Stinton explained the 
duties and office of an elder, in a 
discourse from Phil. i. 1. The 
form of ordination was then ex- 
plained and vindicated, in another 
discourse from Titus i. 5, by Mr. 
Nathaniel Hodges. After this, 
the members of the congregration 
being desired to assemble around 
the pulpit pew, and the rest of the 
assembly to withdraw into the 
galleries, Mr. Stinton, in a short 
address to the church, called upon 
those who approved the election of 
Mr. Burroughs to the pastoral of- 
fice, to signify their concurrence, by 
holding up their hands, which was 
done nem. diss. Mr. Burroughs was 
then desired by him to signify his 
acceptance of the call, which he did, 
in a short speech, expressing the 
views with which he had under- 
taken the ministry, as well as the 
office of pastor in that church ; de- 
claring at the same time, his firm 
resolution to make the holy scrip- 
tures the only rule of his preaching 
and conduct, and his determination 
to watch for their souls, as one 
who must hereafter give an account. 
A short prayer was then offered up 
suited to the occasion ; and the 
ministers present laying their hands 
upon his head, Mr. Stinton in the 
name of the whole, pronounced the 
words of ordination as follows : — 
" Brother Joseph Burroughs, we do, 
in the name of our Lord Jesus 
Christ, and with the consent of this 
church, ordain thee to be an elder, 



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113 



bishop, or overseer of this church 
of Jesus Christ." And their hands 
continuing on his head, Mr. Stin- 
ton oflfered up a short prayer for 
him and the congregation. Imme- 
diately after the ordination of Mr. 
Burroughs, the ministers present 
proceeded to the ordination of two 
deacons in a similar manner. Mr. 
Stinton proposed and accepted, the 
recognition of their call to the of- 
fice, and their acc/cptance of it ; Mr. 
MuUiner put up a suitable prayer, 
which was accompanied by impo- 
sition of hands ; he then went into 
the pulpit and treated of the duties 
which a Christian church owe to 
their officers, both elders and dea- 
cons, in a discourse on 1. Thess. v. 
12, 13, after which he prayed ; a 
psalm was sung, and the assembly 
dismissed with one of the aposto- 
lical benedictions. 

AAer this ordination, Mr. Bur- 
1t)aghs applied himself to the duties 
of the pastoral office with great as- 
siduity, and in the early part of 
his life kept up a strict discipline 
in his church. He delighted in the 
work, and discharged it in such a 
manner as might be expected from 
one who made it his chief pleasure. 
Careful to inform himself of the 
true sense of sacred Scriptures, he 
explained them in his public min- 
istrations with the greatest accu- 
racy; for he justly thought that 
every thing was of importance that 
tended to illustrate any part of the 
divine oracles. He was a steady 
friend to liberty and free inquiry. 
His zeal was not spent upon spec- 
ulative notions, but upon such 
points as are the most efficacious 
to rectify the hearts and lives of 
mankind. The practical duties of 
piety, charity, and inward purity, 
was his favorite subjects. He was 



a zealous advocate for the impor- 
tance of the Christian revelation, 
which he justly considered the 
highest blessing that the providence 
of God has ever conferred upon the 
human race. And he thought it 
incumbent upon Christians, to ex- 
ert all their power in maintaining 
the purity of the Gospel institu- 
tions. As no particular terms of 
church communion are prescribed 
in the New Testament, he con- 
cluded that every church must be 
at liberty to fix those terms, which 
it may judge to be conducive to 
the main end and design of the 
gospel, provided no attempt was 
made to impose it upon others. And 
while he apprehended that churches 
formed upon the principle of the 
Baptists, should admit none to 
their communion but those who 
had been baptized at years of ma- 
turity, it was apparent from the 
whole of his conduct, that this did 
not arise from any narrow and 
contracted notions, or party attach- 
ments; for he always showed an 
equal regard for all sincere Chris- 
tians of whatever sect or denomi- 
nation. 

He was a very strenuous pro- 
moter of every scheme that tended 
to advance the common interests 
of religion ; but the Baptist 
Churches were in a very particular 
manner indebted to his exertions. 
Whenever he was called to baptize 
any persons, it gave him real plea- 
sure, even though they did not 
propose to join themselves to his 
particular Society. He had many 
agreeable occasions of this nature, 
of which we shall mention one 
that gave him particular satisfac- 
tion. A French Roman Catholic, 
and his wife, who being convinced 
of the errors of Popery, had with 



114 



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HAYNBS' BAPTIST 



Bv 



great difficulty, made their escape, 
on their arrival upon the English 
coast, joined themselves to a church 
of French Protestant refugees. 
Upon further inquiry, they were 
led to embrace sentiments different 
from those which they had before 
Iveld concerning baptism, and to 
entertain serious desires of follow- 
ing their conviction into practice ; 
but being wholly unacquainted 
with the English language, and 
no Baptist minister in that part of 
the country being able to adminis- 
ter baptism in the French tongue, 
they were at a loss how to proceed. 
Mr. Burroughs being applied to on 
the occasion, readily undertook 
two considerable journies, at his 
own expense; and during a stay 
of two or three weeks in their 
neighborhood, he did not fail to 
take some opportunity for religious 
conversation with them every day. 
At his second visit, he composed 
a discourse suitable to the occasion 
in French, and administered the 
ordinance much to the satisfaction 
of these worthy persons. Another 
visit had probably made them Bap- 
tists, and Mr. Burroughs had then 
acted more discreetly in baptizing 
them and receiving them into a 
Baptist Church. 

Mr. Burroughs had been for 
many years afflicted with various 
bodily indispositions ; but he per- 
severed in the ministerial work till 
his strength entirely forsook him. 
In October, 1757, he signified his 
desire of resigning the pastoral 
care of the church at Barbican, the 
ill state of his health rendering 
him incapable of performing the 
stated service any longer. His 
people, however, as a testimony of 
their respect, desired him to retain 
his pastoral relation and they would 



choose him an assistant. Mr. 
Francis Webb was accordingly 
chosen to this service, and in a lit- 
tle time ordained co-pastor. With 
this assistant he persevered a short 
time longer, but was at length to- 
tally incapable for public work. 

In the close of his life his humi- 
lity was very exemplary. He 
charged himself with many defects, 
and referred himself entirely to the 
mercy of God, only praying that 
God would enable him to finish 
well. His devotion was very fer- 
vent. He often repeated with pe- 
culiar emphasis, but under great 
pain of body, those words of the 
Psalmist, "I will love the Lord 
with all my strength," adding some 
short remarks upon the vanity and 
insufficiency of man, and upon his 
experience of the goodness of God. 
At last being worn out with infir- 
mities, aftier some hard struggles, 
he expired in a manner uncom- 
monly gentle and easy, on the 
23rd of November, 1761, in the 
77th year of his age. His funeral 
sermon was preached and printed 
by Mr. Daniel Noble, on 1. Pet. i. 
22, 25, a text chosen by the de- 
ceased, who desired that little 
should be said concerning his per- 
sonal character and conduct. But 
Mr. Noble had such a sense of his 
worth, that he could not under- 
take the service, without claiming 
a liberty to make mention of some 
of his virtues. 

It is well known that Mr. Bur- 
roughs classed with that denomi- 
nation of Baptists called General, 
from their holding general redemp- 
tion, and other tenets of Arminius. 
Upon some other topics of religious 
inquiry, it is probable that his sen- 
timents in the latter part of his 
life were somewhat difierent to 



Bu 



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115 



what they were when he set out 
in the ministry. We refer paxticu- 
larly to the doctrine of the Trinity 
and the person of Christ, upon 
which subjects he is generally 
thought to have taken the Socinian 
side. It is but justice, however, 
to observe, that in one part of his 
life, at least, he seems to have held 
the doctrine of an Atonement. In 
support of this we refer to his ser- 
mon on ** Auricular Confession," 
among those at Salter's Hall against 
Popery. His words are these : 
" Come unto me all ye that labour 
and are heavy laden, and I will 
give you rest: Him that cometh 
to me I will in no wise cast out." 
You want no other mediator to 
appear before God in your behalf; 
no priest to make or repeat thatj 
atonement, which, he, himself has 
completely made already. " He is 
able to save to the uttermost all 
that come unto God by him ; see- 
ing he ever liveth to make inter- 
oession for them." Mr. Noble sums 
up the character of Mr. Burroughs 
in these words : " The integrity 
and purity of his heart were con- 
spicuous in every part of his life. 
He manifested the most habitual 
regard to the great objects of a 
iuture world. He was earnestly 
desirous of doing good to all men. 
He was very zealous for the hon- 
our of God, and of the blessed Re- 
deemer. He was unwearied in his 
endeavours to recommend and en- 
force the doctrines and precepts of 
rational and genuine religion. And 
the general course of his life was 
so regularly and uniformly virtu- 
ous, as to render him an honour to 
his profession. It may be also ob- 
served, that Mr. Burroughs was 
one of the non-subscribing minis- 
ters at the Salter's Hall Synod, in 



1719. He left a son of the same 
name, who died at Kingsland, in 
the year 1799, at the advanced 
age of eighty-six. Thus far Wil- 
son's Hist. Dissenting Churches, 
vol. 3, pp. 249-250. He adduces 
his authorities for all that he has 
written concerning Mr. Burroughs, 
except for his intimation of 
his Socinian tendencies at one 
period, which notion seems utterly 
irreconcileable with the whole 
tenor of his narrative and of Mr. 
Burroughs' character, as sketched 
by him. On review we find that 
the list of Mr. Burroughs' works, 
with which this article was introduc- 
ed, is incomplete, and whatever 
little repetition is involved will be 
compensated by the perfection of 
the catalogue which is here added 
from Wilson, as follows : Works — 
Mr. Burroughs printed a volume 
of Sermons, several Tracts, and a 
number of single Sermons, chiefly 
on public occasions. Their subjects 
are as follow: Sermons. 1. Thanks- 
giving on Nov. 5, 1712. Ps. xxxvi. 
7. 2. On a total eclipse of the 
Sun, April 22d, 1715. Jer. x. 2. 
3. On the death of Rev. John 
Gale ; preached at Barbican, Deo. 
24, 1721. 2. Tim. iv. 7, 8. 4. At 
an ordination of deacons, July 15, 

1730. 1. Tim. iii. 13. 5. To the 
Society of Reformation of manners, 

1731. Prov. xiv. 34. 6. Two 
Sermons; one against the tradi- 
tions of the Church of Rome ; the 
other about the right manner of 
contending for the Christian faith, 
at Barbican, Oct. 15, and 22, 1732, 
on occasion of collecting for the 
persecuted Protestants, at Salts- 
bury. Jude 3. 7. On the Popish 
doctrine of the auricular confession, 
and priestly absolution, at Salter's 
Hall, March 13, 1734. John xx. 



116 



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HAYNE8' BAPTIST 



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21, 23. 7. The Sinfulness of neg- 
lecting acknowledged duties, on 
Jan. 1, 1737, in White's Alley. 
James iv. 17. 9. The blessedness 
of a benevolent temper, at the Old 
Jewry, March 2, 1742, to the So- 
ciety of relief of the Widows and 
Orphans of Protestant Dissenting 
Ministers. Acts xx. 35. 10, On 
the death of Rev. John Weatherly, 
at Pinner's Hall, May 31, 1742. 1 
Cor. XX. 57. 11. The duty and 
reward of a Christian pastor, at 
Pinner's Hall, March 22, 1753, at 
the ordination of the Rev. Richard 
Baron. 1. Pet v. 1, 4. 12. Stead- 
fa.stness in the service of Christ, 
on the death of the Rev. 
Isaac Kimber, Feb. 9, 1755. 1 
Cor. xvi. 58. 13. On the death 
of Rev. Joseph Morris, at Glass- 
house yard, July 20, 1755. 1. 
Thess. iv. 13, 18. Besides these 
he published in 1741, a volume of 
Sermons, 14 in number, and on 
various subjects. To these is an- 
nexed a Latin discourse on the 
holiness of places, from Isaiah Ixvi. 
1, 3, delivered at the annual meet- 
ing of the dissenting ministers, at 
Dr. Williams' Library, Red Cross- 
street, 1734. In this library there 
is a fine painting of Mr. Burroughs. 
He also edited a volume of Ser- 
mons, by his brother, who died 
young. Tracts : 1. A View of 
Popery, taken from the creed of 
Pius IV., containing an answer to 
the most material things in the 
profession of the Catholic faith, &c. 
now in use for the reception of 
converts into the Church of Rome. 
1735. Second edition, 1737. 2. 
The Discourses relative to positive 
Institutions : 1. Christ's judgment 
concerning the fitness of obeying 
every divine command. Matt. iii. 
13, 15. 2. Baptism designed 



for all those in every age, who 
profess Christianity; and not con- 
fined to the Converts only. Acts 
xxii. 16. 1742. Mr. (afterwards 
Dr.) Caleb Fleming, animadverted 
on this piece, in a pamphlet enti- 
tled, " An appendix to the plea for 
Infants." Mr. Burroijghs replied 
to this tract in — 3. A Defence to 
two discourses relative to positive 
institutions, against the reflections 
contained in the appendix to the 
plea for infants. 1743 4. Day 
Thoughts, a Poem, in blank verse ; 
written by way of animadversion 
upon some gloomy passages in Dr. 
Young's Night Thoughts, the 
earlier parts. The most captious 
objector to the illiterateness of the 
Baptists, will find on pursuing the 
inquiry that the catalogue of their 
writings by names of authors and 
titles is almost endless. 

BUGENHAGIUS, or BUGEN- 
HAGEN, John, one of the Ger- 
man Reformers, called from his 
native country, Pomeranus ; bom 
1485; died 1558. He wrote among 
other works a History of Pomer- 
ania and Psalmus xxix. explioatus, 
itemde Paedobaptismo, contra Ana- 
baptistas. Hafniae. 1632, 8vo. He 
aided Luther in translating the 
Bible into German. In this place, 
perhaps, as well as under any 
other article, it might not be inap- 
propriate to say, that if to Paedobap- 
tists. Baptists are indebted for the 
name Baptist, so also, if the terms 
Pcedobaptism and P€Bdobaptist he, 
in this age, regarded by some of 
them invidious as applied by Bap- 
tists to those who baptize or rhantize 
infants, that Roman Catholic and 
Protestant writers first used those 
terms themselves, not certainly in 
an opprobrious sense, but for the 
sake of distinction ; and probably 



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the tracing of the history of these 
terms in the writings of the so 
called Protestant and Catholic Fa- 
thers might tend to reflect some 
light upon the date of the origin 
and the steps of the progress of this 
innovation upon apostolic Ian 
guage and practice. The very- 
use of the terms seems to imply 
the denial by some others of the 
prefix ptBdo to baptism. What 
a strong proof to their cause would 
it furnish could they trace this 
compound term to the New Testa- 
ment ? But it is not there, so nei- 
ther is the thing which it signifies. 
See Bib. Brit, for this author. 

BURKETT, William, a cele- 
brated commentator on the New 
Testament, was born in Northamp- 
ton, England, 1650; died 1703. 
Among other works he wrote. Dis- 
course of Infant Baptism. Lond. 
1695, 8vo. This author is quoted 
as follows : — 

" We are buried with him by 
baptism into death. The Apostle 
alludes, no doubt, to the ancient 
manner and way of baptizing per- 
sons in those hot countries, which 
was by immersion or putting them 
under water for a time ; and then 
raising them again out of the 
water ; which rite had also a mys- 
tical signification, representing the 
huriai of our old man, sin in us, 
and our resurrection to newness of 
life." Expos. NoteSy on Rom. vi. 
4. Booth in Paedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 51. 

" The Israelites are here said to 
be BAPTIZED in the cloudy and in the 
sea: that is, the cloud which over- 
shadowed them ; and the Red Sea 
through which they passed, had 
its waters gathered into two heaps, 
one on the right hand and the 
other on the left, betwixt which 



the Israelites passed, and in their 
pckssage seemed to be buried in the 
waters; as persons in that age 
were put under the water^ when 
they were baptized ; and thus were 
Israel baptized in the cloud and in 
the sea." Note on Rom. vi. 45; 
Col. ii. 12. Booth in Paedobap- 
tism Examined, p. 76. 

" Observe the manner of admin- 
istration of baptism to the Eunuch ; 
he wejit down into the water, and 
was baptized by Philip. In those 
hot countries it was usual so to do, 
and we do not oppose the lawful- 
ness of dipping in some cases, but 
the necessity of dipping in all 
cases." Expos. Note on Rom. vi. 4. 
Booth in Paedobaptism Examined, 
p. 82. 

" Speaking of infants under the 
notion of lambs, calls baptism 
* Christ's ear-mark, by which 
Christ's sheep are distinguished 
from the devil's goats.'" Dis. of 
Inf, Bap. in Mr. Reach's Rector 
Rectified, p. 98. Booth in Paedo- 
baptism Examined, p. 229. 

" They (the little children) were 
brought unto Jesus Christ ; but for 
what end ? Not to baptize them, 
but to bless them, nor to command 
his disciples so to do. Answ. That 
is not to be wondered at, if we con- 
sider, that they had already en- 
tered into covenant with God 
by circumcision, and Christian 
baptism was not yet instituted. 
John's baptism was the baptism of 
repentance, of which infants were 
incapable.^^ Expos. Notes on Matt, 
xix. 4. Booth in Padobaptism 
Examined, p. 348. 

BUCANUS, or BUCANOS, Wil- 
LiAM, author of Institutiones Theo- 
logicae. Genev. 1630, 8vo. The 
same in English, entitled Body of 
Divinity. Translated by Robert 



118 



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HAYNBS' BAPTIST 



B0 



Hill, Lond. 1659. Robert Watt. 
This is the author and work quoted 
as follows : — 

^^ Baptism^ that is, immersion^ 
dipping, and by consequence, toMh- 
ing. Baptistry^ a vat, or large 
vessel of wood, or stone, in which 
we are immersed for the sake of 
washing. Baptist^ one that im- 
merses^ or dips. Institut. Theolog. 
Loc. xLvii. QusBst. l,p.605. Booth 
in Paedobaptism Examined, p. 18. 

'^ Our Lord was baptized of John, 
to signify that he was sent that he 
might be baptized ; that is, immer- 
^ed in decUhj and that he might 
wash aw.iy our sins with his own 
blood.'' Luke, xii. 50. Institut. 
Theolog. Loc. xlvii. Quaest. xxxvn. 
p, 631. Booth in Paedobaptism 
Examined, p. 47. 

^^ Immersion into the water, or 
aspersion, plainly denotes, the 
sprinkling of the blood of Christ 
for the remission of sins and the 
imputation of righteousness : and 
the continuance under water, how- 
ever short, the death and burial of 
our native corruption, (in virtue of 
our Lord's death and burial,) that is 
the mortification of the old Adam, 
which is the first part of our rege- 
neration ; hut immersion^ the rising 
of the new man, or quickening 
and newness of life; as it were, 
presented to view." Rom. vi. 3, 
4, and iv. 5, 13. Institut. Theolog. 

Loc. XLVII. QuSBSt. XXXIV. p. 621. 

Booth in PsBdobaptism Examined, 
p. 52. 

BURMANUS, or BURMAN, 
Francis, Professor of Divinity at 
Utrecht, was bom at Leyden 1632 ; 
died 1679. Among his learned 
theological works he wrote in La- 
tin an Abridgement of Divinity, 
entitled. Synopsis Theologiae, et 
Speciatim (Economise foederum 



Dei cui accessit concilium de stadia 
Theologico felicitur instituendo. 
Utrecht, 1671, 2 vols, 4to. Often 
reprinted and quoted below : — 

" Bara^/io; and B««Tr«7^ia, if yOU OOU- 

sider their etymology, properly sig- 
nify immersion. And JesuSj when 
he was baptizedj went straightway 
up out of the wcUer.^^ Matt. iii. 16. 
Compare Acts viii. 38. 8ynop$. 
Theolog. Tom. ii. Loc. xlh. Cap. vi. 
§ 2. Booth in Paedobaptism Ex. 
amined, p. 19. 

'^ The external rite, in baptism, 
having the image, as well of over- 
whelming and suffocation^ as of 
washingj bears also a twofold 
figure, and signifies partly the 
death and burial of Christ, and our 
communion with him ; — partly, 
the washing away of sin, by the 
blood and spirit of Christ ; or the 
justification and sanctification of 
a sinner." Rom. vi. 4 ; 1. Pet. iii. 
20 ; Acts ii. 38 ; Tit. iii. 5. Synops. 
Theolog. Tom. ii. Loc. xlui. C. vm. 
§ 2. Booth in Padobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 55. 

^^ Immersion was used by the 
Jews, the Apostles^ and the primi- 
tive church, especially in warm 
countries. To this, various forms 
of speaking, used by the Apostles, 
refer, Rom. vi. S, 4; Col. ii. 12; 
Gal. iii. 27. But in the West and 
colder parts of the world, sprink- 
ling prevailed." Synops. Theolog. 
Tom. II. Loo. xLiii. Booth in Pbb- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 86. 

BURNET, Gilbert, the cele- 
brated bishop of Salisbury, Eng- 
land, a most voluminous wri- 
ter, chiefly on ecclesiastical 
subjects, was bom at Edinburgh, 
1643; died 1714. A list of his 
works would fill four pages of this 
work. Two only will be named, 
History of the Reformation of the 



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Churchof England. Lond.l679-bl, 
2 vols. fol. vol. 3 being a supple- 
ment of the other two. Lond. 
1683 and 1715, fol. He proves 



ther instructed in all the speciali- 
ties of the Christian religion, and 
in all the rules of that life that 
Christ had prescribed." Expos. 



by the laws in England, the exis-jxxxix. Articles^ pp. 374—375 



tence and persecution of Baptists 
in 1549 and 1550, vol. ii. p. 143. 
Lond. Ed. 1750, and p. 176 of the 
same volume and work, relieves 
the Baptists of the charge of iden- 
tification with the Munster affair. 
His other work which we shall 
notice, was entitled, Exposition of 
the Thirty-nine Articles of the 
Church of England. Lond. 1699, 
foL, 1700, 1720, fol., which is 
quoted profusely by Booth as fol- 
lows: 

'' Sacriunents are positive pre- 
cepts, which are to be measured 
ONLY by the institution^ in which 
there is not room left for them to 
carry us any further." Exposit. 
xxxix Articles, Art. xxvii., p. 279, 
Edit. 5. Booth in Padohaptism 
Examined^ p. 3. 

" They (the primitive ministers 
of the gospel) led them into the 
water, and with no other garments 
but what might cover nature, they 
first laid them dawn in the water ^ 
as a man is laid in a grave^ and 
then they said those words ; / hap- 
Hze thee in the name of the Father j 
Sonj and Holy Ghost. Then they 
raised them up again, and clean 
garments were put on them ; from 
whence came the phrases of being 
baptized into Chrises death, of our 
being buried with him by baptism 
into death, of our being risen with 
Christy and of our putting on the 
Lord JesfUA Christ ; of putting off 
the old man and putting on the 
new. Rom. xi. 3, 4, 5 ; Col. ii. 12; 
Col. iii. 1, 10 ; Rom. xiii. 14. Af- 
ter baptism was thus performed, 
the baptized person was to be far- 



BooTH in Paedobaptism Examined, 
p. 91. 

" The danger of dipping in cold 
climates, may be a very good rea- 
son for changing the form of bap- 
tism to sprinklingJ^ Exposition 
of xxxix Articles, p. 436. Booth in 
Pcedohaptism Examined, p. 136. 

"All reasoning upon this head, 
is an arguing against the institu- 
tion, as if Christ and his Apostles 
had not well enough considered it, 
but that twelve hundred years after 
them, a consequence should be ob- 
served, that till then had not been 
thought of,which made it reasonable 
to alter the manner of it. He who 
instituted it, knew best what was 
most fitting and most reasonable ; 
and we must choose rather to ac- 
quiesce in his commands, than in 
our own reasonings." Expos, xxxix. 
Art. pp. 436—437. Booth's Pae- 
dobaptism Examined, p. 150. 

" To these instances another 
may be added, that must needs 
press all that differ from us, one 
body only excepted, very much. 
We know that the first ritual of 
baptism, was by going into the 
waters and being laid as dead, all 
along in them ; and then the 
persons baptized were raised up 
again, and so they came out of 
thenu This is not only mentioned 
by St. Paul, but in two different 
places he gives a mystical signifi- 
cation of this rite ; that it signified 
our being buried with Christ in 
baptism, and our being raised up 
with him, to a new life ; so that 
the phrases of rising with Christ, 
and of putting on Christ as often 



120 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



B0 



as they occur, do plainly relate to 
this ; and yet partly out of modesty^ 
partly in regard to the tenderness 
of infants, and the coldness of these 
climates, since such a manner 
might endanger their lives, and 
we know that God loves mercy 
better than sacrifice, this form of 
baptizing is as little used by those 
(Paedobaptists) who separate from 
us as by ourselves. From all these 
things this inference seems just, 
that according to the practices of 
those who divide from us, the 
church must be supposed to have 
an authority to adjust the forms 
of our religion, in those parts of 
them that are merely ritual, to the 
taste, to the exigencies and conveni- 
ences of the several ages and cli- 
mates." Four Discourses to the 
Clergy, pp. 231—282. Compare 
this with what he says. Expos, of 
xxxTX Art. pp. 436—437, as quoted 
before. No. 51. Booth in Pa3do- 
baptism Examined, p. 155. 

" There is no express precept or 
rule given in the New Testament, 
for baptism of infants." Expos. 
XXXIX. Articles, Art xxviii. p. 383. 
Booth in Faedobaptism Examined, 
p. 168. 

" By the first preaching or mak- 
ing disciples that must go before 
baptism, is to be meant the con- 
vincing the world that Jesus is 
the Christ, the true Messias, 
anointed of God with a fullness of 
grace and of the Spirit without 
measure, and sent to be the Sa- 
viour and Redeemer of the world. 
And when any were brought to 
acknowledge this, then they were 
to baptize them, to initiate them 
into his religion, by obliging them 
to renounce all ungodliness, as 
well as all secular and carnal 
lusts." Expos. XXXIX. Articles, p. 



374. Booth in Faedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 318. 

" To convince the world how 
early tradition might either vary, 
or misrepresent matters ; let the 
tradition not only in, but before 
St. iRENiEus's time, concerning the 
observation of Easter, be consider- 
ed, which goes up as high as St 
FoLYCARP s time. If, then, tradi- 
tion failed so near its fountain, we 
may easily judge what account 
we ought to make of it at so great 
a distance." Four Discourses to 
the Clergy, pp. 247—248. Booth 
in Faedobaptism Examined, p. 406. 

"We see a practice that was 
very ancient, and that continued 
very long, which arose out of the 
exposition of those words, John vi. 
53, by which infants were made 
partakers of the eucharist." Four 
Discourses to the Clergy, pp. 206— 
207. Booth in Faedobaptism Ex- 
amined, p. 419. 

" It is a vain thing to prove that 
this (infallibility) must be in the 
church, because otherwise a great 
many absurdities must needs follow, 
if it were not in it. When once it 
is proved that Ghd has given it to 
his church, we shall very willingly 
yield that he had good reasons for 
it ; but it is a very preposterous way 
to argue, that God must have done 
such a thing, because we fancy 
that it is necessary to prevent some 
great evil, or to procure some very 
great good. For this is only to 
pretend to prove, that God ought 
to have done somewhat that he has 
not done ; unless they can at the 
same time prove, that God has 
done it. This is to conclude, that 
his ways must be as ours are, and 
that his thoughts must be as our 
I thoughts. Four Discourses to the 
I Clergy, Disc. iii. 174. Booth in 



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Padohaptism Examined^ p. 441. 
Substitute infant baptism for infal- 
libility in the above quotation. 

"Though lawful SLtid ufilawful 
are severe and rigorous things, and 
of a fixed and determinate nature ; 
yet Jit and unfit are of a more 
loose and unstable order." Four 
Discourses to the Clergy^ p. 350. 
Booth in Paedobaptism Ex. p. 460. 

BUTLER, Joseph, a prelate of 
the most distinguished abilities, 
and bishop of Durham, born in 
Berkshire, 1692, died 1752. His 
principal work — Analogy of Reli- 
gion, Natural and Revealed, to the 
constitution and course of nature. 
Lond. 1736. 4to. 1736, 8vo., is thus 
quoted : 

"Moral precepts, are precepts 
the reasons of which we see ; posi- 
tive precepts, the reasons of which 
we do not see. Moral duties arise 
out of the nature of the case itself, 
prior to external command ; positive 
duties do not arise out of the na- 
ture of the case, but from external 
command, received from him whose 
creatures and subjects we are. But 
the manner in which the nature 
of the case, or the fact of the re- 
lation, is made known, this doth 
not denominate any duty either 
positive or moral. The reason of 
positive institutions, in general, is 
very obvious; though we should 
not see the reason why such par- 
ticular ones are pitched upon, 
rather than others. Whoever, 
therefore, instead of cavilling at 
words, will attend to the thing it- 
self, may clearly see, that positive 
institutions in general, as distin- 
guished for this or that particular 
one, have the nature of moral com- 
mands ; since the reasons of them 
appear. Thus, for instance, the 
external worship of God, is a 



moral duty, though no particular 
mode of it be so. Care, then, is 
to be taken, when a comparison is 
made between positive and moral 
duties, that they may be compared 
no farther than as they are different; 
no farther than as the former are 
positive, or arising out of mere ex- 
ternal command, the reasons of 
which we are not acquainted with, 
and as the latter are 7noral or 
arising out of the apparent reason 
of the case, without such external 
command. Unless this caution be 
observed we shall run into endless 
confusion. Now this being pre- 
mised, suppose two standing pre- 
cedents enjoined by the same au- 
thority, that in certain conjunc- 
tures it is impossible to obey them 
both ; that the former is moral, i.e. 
a precept of which we see the 
reasons, it is indisputable that our 
obligations are to obey the former j 
because there is an apparent rea- 
son for this preference, and none 
against it. As it is one of the 
peculiar weaknesses of human 
nature, when upon a comparison 
of two things, one is found to be 
of greater importance than the 
other, to consider this as of scarce 
any importance at all ; it is highly 
necessary that we remind our- 
selves how great presumption it is 
to make light ot any institution 
of divine appointment; that our 
obligations to obey all God's com- 
mands whatever, are absolute and 
indispensable ; and that commands 
merely positive^ admitted to be 
from him, lay us under a moral 
obligation to obey them, and obli- 
gation, moral in the strictest and 
most proper sense." Analogy of 
Relig. pp. 172, 178. Glasgow, 1764. 
Booth in Paedobaptism Examined, 
pp. 1, 2, 3. 



^ 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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BULKLEY, or BULKELEY,! 

Charles, a Protestant dissenting 
minister, born in London, 1719, died | 
1797. He wrote upon almost i 
every variety of subject, andj 
among his published works were — | 
Two Discourses on Catholic Com- ' 
munion, on John iii. 5. 1754. 8vo. | 
Two Discourses on Baptism. Lond. ; 
1754. 8vo. To these ought to have ; 
beett prefixed — On the Death of Dr. 
James Foster ; a Sermon on John 
V. 35. 1755. 8vo. For his other | 
works consult Bibliotheca Britan\ 
nica. 

BURNHAM, Richard. Watt 
only mentions him as the author 
of Pious Memorials ; or the Power 
of Religion upon the mind, in sick- 
ness and at death, exemplified in 
the experience of many divines, 
and other eminent persons, inter- 1 
spersed with what was most re-i 
markable in their lives. 1753. 8vo. 
Posth. Sermon, proving that be- 
lievers are the only proper subjects 
of baptism. Likewise a Sermon 
preached at the ordination of Mr. J. 
Batterman, 1806. Bibliotheca Brit- 
annica. From the titles of the 
two last works we learn that he 
was a Baptist, and a minister, as 
was also Mr. Batterman. We find 
a memoir of him in Wilson's His- 
tory of Dissenting Churches, vol. 
4. pp. 25-29, under the head of 
Grafton-street Particular Baptist 
Church, Westminster, England. 

He says, " Richard Burnham was 
born about the year 1749. As his 
parents were in poor circumstances, 
his education became neglected, 
and he spent the early part of his 
life in gaiety and dissipation. When 
the mind lies uncultivated it be- 
comes easily susceptible of vicious 
principles, which gain strength by 
age, and are with difficulty eradi- 



cated. Mr. Burnham is said to 
have taken great delight in the 
vain amusements of plays, balls, 
and concerts, which, as they were 
his element, so they engrossed the 
principal part of his time. Provi- | 
dence having cast his lot at High ^ 
Wycombe, in Buckinghamshire, i 
he was led to attend the chapel of ! 
the Wesleyan Methodists in that 
town. It was there that he is 
said to have received his first im- 
pressions of religion, under the 
ministry of a Mr. Williams, one of 
the preachers in that connexion. 
His external conduct was now re- 
formed, and he is said to have 
reaped much pleasure in the change. 
His happiness, however, was only 
short-lived ; for he was accustom- 
ed to relate a variety of mental 
conflicts respecting the nature of 
faith, which agitated him lor a con- 
siderable time atlberwards. The 
result of his speculations and sug- 
gestions was a settlement in those 
doctrines which usually pass un- 
der the name of Antinomianism, 
and he felt a strong desire to com- 
municate them to others. It was 
not long, therefore, before he com- 
menced a preacher, and the suc- 
cess he met with was proportion- 
ate to his zeal and confidence. 
After he had been a preacher for 
some time, he embraced the senti- 
ments of the Anti-paedobaptists 
(Baptists) and received baptism 
by immersion from Mr. Thomas 
Davis, of Reading. Not long after- 
wards he went to reside at Staines, 
in Middlesex, and was instru* 
mental in planting a small Bc^ 
tist church in that town. There 
he met with considerable oppo- 
sition from a prevailing dislike to 
evangelical religion, which oper- 
ated in the removal from the pa- 



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123 



rochial church of an excellent 
clergyman, the Rev. W. J. Abdy, 
now rector of St. John's, Horsley- 
down. Mr. Burnhain's congrega- 
tion being poor, and unable to con- 
tribute much to his support, he 
became embarrassed in his cir- 
cumstances, which induced him 
to solicit the assistance of his 
London brethren. Although it 
would have been very difficult for 
any person of a penetrating judg- 
ment to discover the peculiar 
attractions of Mr. Burnham's pul- 
pit performances, yet we are assured 
that during this visit to London 
he attracted large crowds of people 
to hear him preach, so that it was 
not long before he accomplished 
the object of his journey. Another 
beneficial event, however, resulted 
from this visit, for the good people 
who crowded after him, did not 
fail to express the satisfaction they 
received from his preaching, and 
to represent the benefits that would 
result from his settlement in the 
metropolis. Mr. Burnham was 
not blind to the force of this 
reasoning, for he easily foresaw 
that if he continued at Staines, his 
difficulties would speedily recur; 
he therefore closed with the wishes 
of his friends in London, and re- 
moved thither about the year 1780. 
A suitable place of worship having 
been found on the Surry side of 
Blackftiars-bridge, in Greenwalk, 
a church was formed there upon 
Anti-paedobaptist principles, that 
is. Baptist, and Mr. Burnham con- 
tinued pastor. The success of his 
preaching was soon apparent, in 
the number of persons who pre- 
sented themselves for church mem- 
bership, and both pastor and people 
grew into mutual attachment. At 
the above place, Mr. Burnham 



preached, as we are informed, about 
two years, at the end of which 
period he removed with a part of 
his people, we believe, to Gate- 
street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields, and 
from thence, after a short interval, 
in consequence of a division in 
his church, occasioned by his own 
misconduct, to another place, 
which he called Salem Chapel, in 
Edward-street, Soho. Upon the 
removal of Mr. Martin's church to 
a new meeting house in Stone- 
street, Mr. Burnham's people took 
a lease of the plaice in Grafiton- 
street, whither they removed in 
1795, There, after a period of 
fifteen years, he closed his minis- 
terial labors. Of Mr. Burnham's 
character, we will say but little 
because we can say very little to 
his advantage. Popularity is an 
acquisition of a very uucertain te- 
nure, and though it continued with 
him till the last, it was no criterion 
either of the excellency of his 
preaching, or of the judgment of 
his hearers. A teacher of Chris- * 
tianity, if a good man, although 
destitute of the embellishments of 
a liberal education, may be very 
usefully employed in a variety of 
situations, and is deserving of 
honour; but it is expected of a 
public teacher, that he should be 
endowed with a decent portion of 
common sense, and not be ignorant 
of the usual forms of language. 
No pretensions to spirituality can 
be a sufficient counterbalance to 
the efi'usions of nonsense. It is no 
uncommon thing for people to 
overrate their own talents, but 
when they are forced incautiously 
upon the public, society suffers. 
Religious dispositions are absolute- 
ly necessary to the formation of a 
Christian ; but every religious man 



124 



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is not called to be a public in- 
structor, nor should he assume 
that office when destitute of those 
qualifications that command re- 
spect and attention. Mr. Burnham 
possessed a very large portion of 
zeal, and if we add, an equal de- 
gree of familiarity, they constitut- 
ed his principal attainments as a 
preacher; These, however, were 
sufficient to attract a numerous 
congregation, who looked upon him 
as possessing extraordinary endow- 
ments. Of the preacher's private 
character we shall say nothing, be- 
cause we do not choose to make our 
work a vehicle for scandal. The 
writer of his funeral sermon re- 
counts a conflict which he had 
with the enemy of souls, in his 
last moments, but says he died in 
peace. This event took place 
October 30, 1810, in the sixty- 
second year of his age. Mr. Burn- 
ham was interred in the burial 
ground adjoining to Tottenham- 
court Chapel, where may be seen 
the following inscription upon his 
tomb-stone. 



Beneath this stune 

Are deposited the remains of 

MR. RICHARD BURNHAIC, 

Near 30 years 

Pastor of the Baptbt Church, 

Now meeting in Grafton-street, Soho ; 

Endowed with an ardent zeal for the Redeemer's 

interest, 

An acute penetration 

and 

Vigour of mind seldom equalled ; 

His Ministry 

Was remarkably owned 

To the conversion of many 

Who will be his crown of rejoicing in the Great Day ; 

Hb humility 

And sympathetic tenderness 

To the afflicted, 

Endeared him to all who knew him best ; 

The Truths he had preached 

Were his support in his lUnesB ; 

With steady confidence 

And serene peace 

He hailed the approach of death. 

And calmly entered into the joy of his Lord, 

October 80th, 1810, 

In the 62d year of his Age. 



But now no more the honoured man of God 
Appears below to sound the Sayiour*s blood. 
He's dead ! but lives ! and shines and reigns oo high, 
In worlds of light, where praises never die. 
— Watt and Wilton, abw>e quoted. 

BUTTERWORTH, John, best 
known as the author of — A New 
Concordance and Dictionary of 
the Holy Scriptures, Mrith the va- 
rious significations of the principal 
words, by which the true meaning 
of many passages is shown. 1767, 
1785, 8vo. He was born in Lan- 
cashire, England, 13 Dec., 1727, 
died 1803, aged 76 years. In 1751 
he was ordained pastor of the 
Baptist Church at Coventry, which 
office he filled 52 years, to the close 
of his life. Three of his brothers 
became Baptist ministers, and his 
only other brother was a professed 
Christian, as were their parents 
also devoted Christians. At about 
15, John Butterworth joined the 
Methodists, but when converted, at 
about 19 years of age, he united with 
the Baptists, and soon entered the 
ministry. As a pastor, he engaged 
deeply the aflfections, and won the 
respect,admiration, and esteem of his 
church. He was eminently quali- 
fied with pastoral endowments. 
Three years previous to his death, 
in his epistolary correspondence he 
thus expressed the fervent piety of 
his sentiments, and devotional 
spirit and frame of mind : " We 
are thankful, and we have abun- 
dant cause to be so, having all the 
comforts of this life ; (which multi- 
tudes have not ;) the means of grace ; 
the exercise of faith in Christ ; and 
in general, comfort of mind and 
peace of conscience, reconciliation 
to God, both respecting the way of 
salvation, and providential dispen- 
sations. I often think that I am 
one of the richest men in Coventry ; 
for he is not rich who wants more, 



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I 



but he who has enough, and, like 
Jacob and Paul, I have enough! 
yea, I have all and abound. I 
have much to bless God for, his 
comforts delight my soul." About 
a week previous to his decease he 
wrote to his grandson, " Nothing 
in creation is so important as an 
interest in Christ ; if you are favor- 
ed herewith you are made for ever. 
This is my consolation under the 
infirmities of age, that I am going 
home to a better country, and to a 
fairer and larger inheritance than 
ever I had in England." How in- 
structive to mark the end of such 
a man of God, for the end of that 
man is peace ! It might not be 
uninteresting to contemplate the 
begining of a life which enjoyed 
an end so enviable, as to excite in 
the heart of every one, the wish 
to die the death of the righteous. 
He has recorded his testimony to 
the scriptural doctrine of personal 
knowledge of Christ in the forgive- 
ness of sins. He says, " one morn- 
ing I was deeply in thought on this 
subject, reasoning with myself why 
I was still in unbelief, when these 
words dropped into my mind. By 
grace ye are saved, through faith, 
and that not oi yourselves : it is the 
gift of God. This word gift, re- 
volved in my mind. A gift, thought 
I, is not merited ; if it were it 
would be a debt, and not a gift. I 
had leaned all along towards the 
doctrine of merit, and of obtaining 
grace by good works ; but now I 
saw faith to be an undeserved gift, 
and that God might bestow it on 
my vilest neighbors, and leave me 
in my moral duties without faith. 
This led me to think there was 
some truth in the doctrine of elec- 
tion; and that it was not upon 
foresight of faith and obedience, 



but of pure sovereignty ; and that 
faith and obedience were the ef- 
fects of election and not causes 
thereof. My sentiments began to 
change from Arminianism to Cal- 
vinism. I searched the Bible all 
that day ; and the evidence in 
favor of election shone like the 
sun. As I saw it in the Bible, so 
I saw the doctrine exemplified in 
the world. I concluded that if 
ever the Lord should show me 
a favor and give me faith, it 
would be of mere mercy. I was 
not left to neglect the worship of 
God, but I sought him sorrowing. 
One evening I was reading in the 
Bible and cast my eye on these 
wx)rds of our Lord, John vi. 47. 
Verily, verily, I say unto you, he 
that oelievetnin me hath everlasting 
life. I was struck with the pas- 
sage — as if spoken to me. I did 
immediately believe that Jesus 
Christ was a suitable, precious, 
and almighty Saviour : I trusted 
in him alone for salvation; and 
therefore in him I had everlasting 
life. I could not but believe and re- 
joice. I said, who can help believing? 
For I thought it as easy then as I 
had found it hard before. I was 
transported with the love of Christ. 
The Bible was my delight and 
meditation all the day. I attained 
more knowledge of scripture in a 
month after this, than I have done 
in years since. I was not satisfied 
unless I knew every text that re- 
lated to doctrine or practice, and 
where it was ; and thus I soon 
attained a general knowledge of 
the whole Bible." Memoir. 

BUCER, Martin, born 1491, 
at Scholestadt . in Alsace ; died 
1551. Was first Dominican monk. 
By the writings of Erasmus, Lu- 
ther, Zuinglius, and intercourse 



126 



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with Luther, he became a Protestant 
Reformer, and went afterwards to 
England, and in the reign of Ed- 
ward VI. was made Professor of 
Theology in Cambridge. He was 
previously at Augsburgh when the 
pacification called the Interim 
was held. He was a learned and 
voluminous writer, and is men- 
tioned as an author against the 
Anabaptists, but in the catalogue 
of his works no title indicates the 
fact. See Bib. Brit., and Dr. Sears, 
as quoted by Benedict, p. 924. Not 
a Reformer of any eminence as a 
leader and writer among the con- 
temporaries of Luther, who did 
not inveigh against the Anabap- 
tists, and it would be strange if 
Bucer had omitted this proof of 
his orthodoxy with his party. 

BURNS, An English Baptist, 
author of Scripture Appeal and 
Review of J. Stanley. See Stan- 
ley. 

BRUIS, Peter De, founder of 
the Petrobrussians, about the be- 
ginning of the twelfth century, or 
A. D. 1110. He was deemed wor- 
thy of martyrdom as a Baptist. 
The priesthood invited the popu- 
lace to bum him at St. Giles in 
1130, after a laborious ministry of 
nearly a quarter of a century. He 
was author of that celebrated Trea- 
tise of Antichrist, written about 
1125, which is in Jones' History 
of the Waldenses and several other 
works. Peter De Bruis was a 
Baptist, teaching ^^ that no persons 
are to be baptized before they have 
the full use of their reason." The 
centre of his personal influence as 
a minister during his life-time was 
Languedoc and Provence. He was 
originally a Roman Catholic, but 
one of the illustrious and almost 
innumerable cloud of Psedobap- 



tists, who have from the earliest 
rise of Psadobaptism, renounced, 
rejected, and testified against it as 
a human tradition superadded to 
the ordinances of the gospel. Of 
this great and good man more full 
notice will be given in the chro- 
nological department of this work. 
It is sufficient here simply to note 
him as a Baptist, and there to ex- 
hibit the chain of evidence under 
the period to which it belongs. 

BUSHER, Leonard, a citizen of 
London, and a Baptist — author of 
" Religion's Peace ; or a Plea for 
Liberty of Conscience, 1614 ; re- 
printed 1646, 4to. pp. 38, by H. B., 
doubtless by Henry Burton. Ham- 
bury's Historical Memorials, vol. 1, 
p. 224. Note (/.) 

BRUBACK, Hans, a Baptist of 
Zurich in the Swiss Cantons, whom 
the persecuting edict of the autho- 
rities of Zurich robbed of 9000 rix 
dollars, as a penalty for being 
united to a Baptist church. 

BUNYAN, John, next to the 
Bible, the author of the greatest 
book in any language — ^the Pil- 
grim's Progress. This distinguish- 
ed Baptist minister was born at 
Elstow, near Bedford, England, 
1628 ; died, 1688, aged 60 yeurs, 
having written 60 different works. 
Author of a book for every year of 
his life. The BibliothecaBritanni- 
ca gives the following titles. 1. Ex- 
position of the 16th chapter of St. 
Luke, Lond. 1658, 8vo. 2. Sermon, 
Rev. xxi. 10, to chapter xxii. S, 
1665, 12mo.— 3. Holy City of New 
Jerusalem, Lond. 1669, 8vo.— 4. 
Defence of the doctrine of Justifi- 
cation, Lond. 1672, 4to. — 5. Sighs 
from Hell, or the groans of a damned 
Soul. — 6. Light to men that sit in 
darkness or, a Sermon of Jesus 
Christ, Lond. 1675. 7. Institution 



Bu 



CYCLOPiBDIA. 



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m 



for the ignorant, Lond. 1675, 8vo. 
— 8. The Strait Gate, or Difficulty 
of getting to Heaven, on Luke xiii. 
24, Lond. 1676, 8vo. — 9. Come and 
Welcome to Christ Jesus, Lond. 
1673, 8vo. — 10. Pilgrim's Progress 
from this world to the other, Lond. 
1678, 12mo. with explanatory notes, 
Load. 1775, Svo. with notes by G. 
Burder, Cov. 1791, 2 vols. Svo. 
with Notes by J. Bedford, Lond. 
1792, Svo. Innumerable editions. 
Part third, with a life of the auth- 
or, Lond. 1693, Svo. Said to be 
spurious. — 11. The work of Jesus 
Christ as an advocate explained, 
Lond. 16S8, 12mo.— 12. Heart's 
Ease in Heart-Trouble, Lond. 1691, 
Svo. — 13. The Barren Fig-tree, with 
an exhortation to peace and unitv 
amongst all who fear God, Lond. 
1692, 12mo. — 14. Reprobation As- 
serted, Lond. 1696. 4to. — 15. News 
from Pennsylvania, Lond. 1703, 
Svo. — 16. Relation of his Imprison- 
ment, with his Examination before 
the Justices, his Conference with 
the Clerk of the Peace, what passed 
between the Judges and his Wife, 
when she presented a Petition for 
his deliverance, and written bv 
himself, and never before pablished. 
Lond. 1765, Svo. — 17. Works, Lond, 
1736-7, 2 vol foL Reprinted 1760, 
and often since. 

To review every aathor, criti- 
cise every work, or even to give 
fall aoooants of all the names at 
the head of vticles in this work, 
wouhl be impofluble; and since 
Banyan is an hoosehold word 
among all Christian nations, his 
biography is also written indelibly 
apoa the memory of the millions 
1^ sabbath school children, and 
^fignred opon the mind^ of the 
lewied, it woald be oseiaiM to in- 
it hen. The Pilgrim s Pio- 



gross has been olasseil as ootMipy. 
ing a rank next to the Holy Bible, 
the genius of its author lias boon 
celebrated by Johnson, Cow per, 
Franklin, and a host of learned and 
good men of all sects and no soot, 
and of all civilized oountrios. The 
reader therefore is referred to Bun- 
yan's Account of Ilinisolf as the 
most characteristic nienioir, which 
is accessible to every reader. But 
above all who can read the Pilgrim 
and be ignorant of the author? 
His portrait will be found among 
the illustrations of the Baptist Cy- 
clopaedia. 

CANNE, John, an Enfflinh Pro- 
testant minister, and author, born 
between 1590 and 1000, and died 
about 1664, at Amsterdam in Hol- 
land. He was originally a clergy- 
man of the Church of England, but 
with other distinguished Pasdobap- 
tists of his times united with the 
Baptists, although while he retain- 
ed his union witii the Baptists he 
was at one period of his lite Pastor 
of the English Churchof Brownists, 
Independents, orCongregational ist^, 
at Amsterdam in Holland, from 
which Church the Puritan Pilgrim 
Fathers of Sew England dimimuUui 
in a direct line of succession. We 
will here interrupt th^ narrative U> 
insert an imperfect list of liis works 
as it is given in the Biblirittu^^a Bri* 
tannica. I. Necessitv of separation 
from the Church of England proved 
by the Nonoonfbrinist priruuples, 
Lond. 1631, foL'2. The Golden 
Bale^ or Justice advanced^ f>#nd. 
1649, 4to..^. The 8nare is broken, 
wherein is proved that tlie National 
Covenant and Oath waM lawfully 
given and taken^ l/md. idi'Jf Wk-^- 
4. EuuumeL or d^A with U4; wUnre^ 
Inland forth, En^^rid's gre^t vu*^ 
toty over the Se^/tsarnijr in a b^ittl^ 



TtJ 



128 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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at Dunbar, Lond. 1650, 4to.— 5. A 
voice from the Temple to the High- 
er Powers, Lond. 1653, 4to.— -6. A 
second voice from the Temple to 
the Higher Powers, Lond. 1653, 
4to.— 7. The Time of the End ; or, 
a Prophecy of Daniel explained, 
Lond. 1657, 8vo.— 8. A Seasonable 
word to Parliament, Lond. 1659, 
4to.— 9. The Acts and monuments 
of our late Parliament ; or a Col- 
lection of Acts, Orders and Notes 
that have passed in the House, 
Lond. 1659, 4to.— 10. Continuation 
of the same, Lond. 1659, 4to.— 11. 
Bible with marginal notes, An not. 
1664, 8vo. Edin. 1727, 8vo. In the 
two following historical notices of 
Mr. Canne, these works will come 
under more particular observation. 
'* When we consider," says Wal- 
ter Wilson, " the long continued 
celebrity, so justly acquired by this 
eminent person, on account of his 
Biblical labors, it is somewhat sur- 
prising that we have not a more 
particular account of his history 
upon record. Mr. Canne was ori- 
ginally a minister in the Church of 
England, but whether beneficed or 
not is uncertain : Nor are we bet- 
ter informed at what precise period 
he left that communion to unite 
himself with the Brownists, of 
whose doctrine and discipline he 
afterwards became a zealous de- 
fender." Of the doctrine and dis- 
cipline of the Brownists, Mr. Canne 
was indeed a zealous and able de- 
fender, and was pastor of the then 
Church at Amsterdam in Holland, 
but as we have said in the begin- 
ning of this article he was a Bap- 
tist, and in nothing was his consis- 
tency as a Baptist compromised 
in his pastorship and defence of 
the doctrine and discipline of the 
Brownists' Church, excepting only 



in the single particular of mixed 
communion, in which he then 
agreed with Bunyan his cotempora- 
ry. " The records of the old (Bap- 
tist) Church at Deadman's Place, 
(London) as quoted by Crosby, vol. 1 
p. 163, state that he succeeded Mr. 
Hubbard in the office of pastor to 
that society, after its (or his ?) re- 
turn from Ireland (Holland ?) The 
year in which this happened is not 
mentioned; but it may be nearly 
ascertained by subsequent events. 
After preaching to his people in 
private houses for about a year or 
two, the severity of the times com- 
polled him to leave the country, 
and he retired to Holland, where 
the Brownists had long found a se- 
cure retreat. Here he became pas- 
tor of the ancient English Church 
at Amsterdam, which had some 
years before, the learned Henry 
Ainsworth for Doctor or Teacher. 
It is said that shortly after his elec- 
tion, he was censured and deposed 
by a part of the people, who re- 
nounced communion with him. The 
ground of dispute that was the im- 
mediate occasion of this breach is 
not mentioned ; but there can be lit- 
tle doubt that it related to some 
point of ecclesiastical discipline. It 
seems that Mr. Canne maintained 
his station ; for in some of his publi- 
cations afterwards, he styles himself 
" Pastor of the Ancient English 
Church at Amsterdam." His exile 
must have taken place before 1632, 
in which year he published at Am- 
sterdam, in a duodecimo volume, 
*' The way to peace or good coun- 
sel for it : preached upon the 15th 
day of the second month, 1632, at 
the reconciliation of certain breth- 
ren, between whom there had been 
former differences.' (This work is 
not included in the catalogue from 



Oa. 



OYCLOPiEDIA. 



Oa 



129 



Bibliotheca Britannica, and is dated 
earlier than the first in the above 
list.) The particular strife he allu- 
ded to is not mentioned, though it 
probably related to some pointof dis- 
cipline, upon which the Brownist 
churches very frequently divided. 
Mr. Canne's next publication was 
" A necessity of Separation from the 
Church of England, proved by the 
Nonconformists principles, specially 
opposed to Dr. Ames, Dr. Layton, 
Mr. Duyrel, Mr. Bradshaw, &c. 
Amst. 1634, 4to. It is well known 
that most of the Puritans considered 
the Church of England to be a true 
Church, and were against separa- 
tion, imder a dread of incurring the 
guilt of schism. Their aim was di- 
rected chiefly to an abatement of 
some of the ceremonies, with per- 
mission for the minister to leave 
out such parts of the service as 
were obnoxious. Being unable to 
obtain this, they endeavored to pro- 
cure a legal toleration, which was 
also denied them, upon which they 
judged it lawful to comply so far 
as their consciences would permit. 
Canne was quite of another mind. 
He thought that the constitution 
of the church itself was bad ; that 
the fabric was reared according to 
the original at Rome, the " mother 
of harlots," and therefore could not 
be a true church ; that it was the 
duty of every christian to withdraw 
firom her abominations, and to wor- 
ship in separate societies, -formed 
after the model of the primitive 
churches. In defence of these prin- 
ciples he wrote the above treatise, 
and likewise another in 1641, en- 
titled, " Zion's Prerogative Royal, 
or, a Treatise tending to prove that 
every particular congregation hath 
from Christ absolute and entire 
power to exercise in, and of her- 



self, every Ordinance of God ; and 
is an independent Body, not stand- 
ing under any other ecclesiastical 
Authoritie out of itself : By a Well- 
wisher to the Truth. Amst. 1641. 
(This also is omitted by Robert 
Watt, and in our catalogue above.) 
Although this is an anonymous 
piece, yet Paget, a contemporary 
writer, who lived in the same place, 
and could not easily be mistaken 
upon that point, ascribes it to Can- 
ne (in Preface to Defence of Pres- 
byterian Church Government.) An- 
other work by Mr. Canne, upon a 
subject similar to what we have 
just mentioned, was published in 
1642, under the title of a " Stay 
against Straying," in which he un- 
dertakes to prove, in opposition to 
Mr. John Robinson, the unlawful- 
ness of hearing the ministers of the 
Church of England. This and the 
former piece of Mr. Canne's were 
replied to, by Mr. John Ball, a ce- 
lebrated Puritan divine, in a work 
entitled, " An Answer to two Trea- 
tises of Mr. John Can," &c. Lond. 
1642, 4to. Mr. Neal (Hist. Pur. 
vol. 1. p. 640, 4to.) ascribes the 
" Stay against Straying" to this 
Mr. Ball ; but it is evident from 
the title of Mr. Ball's work, which 
recites the title of both Mr. Canne's 
treatises that he is mistaken (Biog. 
Brit. Art. Ball John.) This "Stay 
Against Straying" swells our cata- 
logue again, where it is omitted. 
The vigorous proceedings adopted 
against the Brownists by the Go- 
vernment at home, having depriv- 
ed them of the means of subsisting 
upon the fruits of their industry, 
and separated them from their 
friends and connections, many of 
them were reduced to great poverty 
during their exile in Holland. This 
they have themselves stated in a 



130 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Oa 



very affecting manner, (Epist. Vi- 
ror. Proestant. at Eurid.) But the 
consolations of religion supported 
them in the midst of all their dis- 
tress, which produced, neither in- 
dolence nor discontent. " We have 
noticed," says Wilson, " in an early 
part of our work (vol. 1. p. 23) the 
menial employment to which the 
learned Ainsworth was reduced for 
a suhsistence. Our author Canne, 
being in equally destitute circum- 
stances, was forced likewise to enter 
into a secular engagement for a live- 
lihood. The occupation to which 
he applied himself was that of a 
printer, from which it is probable 
that he might have derived a decent 
maintainance. We have seen a 
quarto tract of his printing, the title 
of which, on account of its singu- 
larity, we shall give at full length. 
It is as follows : " Man's Mortality, 
or a Treatise wherein 'tis proved 
both Theologically and Philosophi- 
cally that Whole Man (as a ration- 
al creature) is a compound wholly 
mortall ; contrary to that common 
distinction of Soul and Body. And 
that the present going of the Soul 
into Heaven or Hell is a meer fic- 
tion : And that at the Resurrection 
is the Beginning of our immortali- 
tie, and the actual condemnation 
and salvation and not before. With 
all doubts and objections answered 
and resolved by Scripture and Rea- 
son, discovering the Multitude of 
Blasphemies and Absurdities that 
arise from the Fancie of the Soule. 
Also divers other Mysteries of 
Heaven, Hell, Christ's Humane Re- 
sidence, the extent of the Resur- 
rection, the new Creation opened, 
and presented to the Tryall of bet- 
ter Judgments. By R. O. Eccles. iii. 
19. Amsterdam, printed by John 
Canne, Anno Dom. 1643." 



The reputation which Mr. Canne 
had acquired by his controversiid 
writings, raised him high in the 
esteem of the Brownists, and he is 
said to have been much followed in 
his ministry by persons of that per- 
suasion, and by other strangers 
whose business led them to Hol- 
land. The Sufiferings of the Puri- 
tans having subsided in his own 
country, the hands of their perse- 
cutors being tied up by the Parlia- 
ment, many of the English exiles 
were encouraged to return homfi. 
It should seem that about the time 
of the meeting of the long Parlia- 
ment, Mr. Canne paid a visit to his 
native country , but his abode here H 
was not long, nor did he relinquidi I 
his engagements at Amsterdam. 
Whilst in England he visited iiie 
Churches of his persuasion, and was 
the means of collecting some into 
church order. The records of the 
society at Broadmead in Bristol, 
which separated from the establish- 
ment in 1640, mention Canne as 
having first settled them in the or- 
der of a Christian Church. His 
connexion with that place is in- 
troduced thus : " The providence of 
God brought to this city one Mr. 
Canne, a baptized man. It was l^at 
Mr. Canne that made Nates and 
References on the Bible,'' &c. Be- 
tween the years 1641 and 1643, he 
is said to have been employed in 
preaching at Bristol and Wester- 
leighs.' How this is to be recon- 
ciled with the dates of some of his 
publications, which suppose him to 
have been in Holland during that 
period, we are at a loss to deter- 
mine. Indeed, great ambiguity 
hangs over not only this, but other 
parts of Mr. Canne's history. 

Some circumstances seem to ren- 
der it probable that Mr. Canne re- 



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131 



tamed back very soon to Holland, 
where he engaged in that great 
work, which contributed most to 
establish his fame in the recollec- 
tion of posterity. This was his 
collection of marginal references to 
the Bible. It appears that' he was 
the author of three sets of notes, 
which accompanied as many dif- 
ferent editions of the sacred text. 
The date of the first edition we 
have not been able to ascertain. 
Lewis does not appear to have been 
acquainted with it. Nor do we 
find it mentioned by any subse- 
quent writer. The second edition 
was printed by him at Amsterdam 
in 1647, and dedicated '' To the 
Right Honorable Lords and Com- 
mons assembled in the High Court 
of Parliament" In the title-page 
he says, '' Here are added to me 
farmer Notes in the Margin many 
Hebraisms, Diversitie of Readings 
with Consonancie of Parallel Scrip- 
tures taken out of the last transla- 
tionSj and all set in due Order and 
Place." The third edition which is 
best known, and has been oflen re- 
printed, was also published at Am- 
sterdam, in 1664. To the common 
title is added, '^ with Marginal 
Notes, shewing Scripture to be the 
best interpreter of Scripture." In 
ihe preface the author says, ^^ I do 
not know any way whereby the 
word of God (as to the majesty, 
authority, truth, perfection, &c. of 
it,) con be more honored and held 
forth, and the adversaries of it of all 
sorts, so thoroughly convinced and 
silenced, as to have the scripture to 
be its own interpreter. This I am 
sure, did men in their exposi- 
tions on the scriptures speak less 
themselves, the Scriptures would 
have more honor and themselves 
less." In order to have a right scrip- 



ture interpreter, he says, it will be 
necessary that the following things 
should be attended to : "1. That 
the original text of scripture be 
rightly translated, and, as much 
as possible, even word for word, 
without departing from the letter 
of scripture in the least. For it is 
necessary to preserve the letter en- 
tire, how inconvenient, yea how ab- 
surd soever and harsh it may seem 
to men's carnal reason, because the 
foolishness of God is vnser than 
men. (Lewis in his History of 
English Translations quotes and 
repudiates the sentiment.) 2. That 
scripture metaphors be not omitted 
nor mistranslated, one for another, 
but rightly opened. 3. Concern- 
ing the various readings. Here all 
care, study, and endeavour ought 
to be used, that nothing be taken 
but what is breathed by the spirit 
of God in the text. 4. That the 
genuine and proper signification of 
the original words be truly opened, 
and explained ; for this is of great 
use and furtherance to the work I 
mention. 5. That the doubts and 
seeming differences be carefully 
heeded, and by parallel scriptures 
reconciled. 6. That some words 
which are in the original tongues 
left untranslated, be translated, and 
their signification opened. For how- 
soever such word to some may seem 
unfruitful, and not afford much 
matter in the letter, yet according 
to the manifold wishes of God, and 
as the spiritual man judgeth, there 
is an excellent meaning of the 
spirit in them. Lastly, the original 
particles are to be minded, and 
special notice taken of them, as a 
thing of great concernment, to shew 
the connexion of the text and con- 
text. There are other particles be- 
side these," continues Mr. Canne, 



A 



132 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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" but I shall refer them to another 
time and place more proper." The 
grounds of his encouragement in 
this work were. 1. The satisfac- 
tion he felt in such kind of studies. 
2. The prospect it afforded of spir- 
itual improvement and comfort. 3. 
And above all, the glory that would 
redound to God from the success of 
it. In the conclusion of the pre- 
face, Canne intimated his intention 
to set forth an edition of the Bible 
in a large and fair character, with 
large annotations, to comprise all 
that he had written concerning a 
Scripture Interpreter ; a work that 
he says he had been many years 
engaged upon and that would still 
require care and time. He aflter- 
wards intimates that it was ready 
and prepared for the press, so that 
if the Lord took him away before 
it was published, what remained of 
the copy unprinted, he should leave 
in such hands as would, he doubted 
not, be both careful and faithful in 
accomplishing his intentions. By 
this it should seem as if this larger 
work was actually in the press, or 
indeed very shortly to go thither ; 
but that it was ever published seems 
very doubtful. Canne's references 
are exceedingly apposite and judi- 
cious ; but the later editions, though 
printed in his name, have the mar- 
gin crowded with so many referen- 
ces, besides his own, that the reader 
is perplexed instead of being instruc- 
ted by them. In these three edi- 
tions, as well as in some subsequent 
ones, the Apochrypha is omitted. 

After the death of Charles I. 
and the establishment of a Com- 
monwealth, Mr. Canne appears to 
have returned again to England, and 
to have been employed in collecting 
the weekly news. His principles, 
however, gave great offence to the 



government, and he was often in 
trouble on account of them. Wri- 
ters are greatly divided with res- 
pect to Mr. Canne's religious opi- 
nions. Some have supposed him 
an Independent, whilst others con- 
sider him to have been a Baptist 
Crosby is in doubt upon the point, 
although he found his name in 
a manuscript list of persons, who 
left the established Church and 
joined the Baptists. (Crosby, voL 
3, p. 38.) In Holland he was con- 
sidered a Brownist, without regard 
to any other distinction ; and the 
churches he was connected with 
in England, appear to have admit- 
ted mixed communion. There 
is some reason, however, to sup- 
pose that he became a Baptist, 
and the fact seems to be plainly 
stated in the records of the Church 
at Broadmead. Bishop Kennet 
calls him a Quaker, (Histor. Reg. 
p. 73,) though upon what ground 
it seems very difficult to imagine. 
His lordship is by no means accu- 
rate in his designation of persons 
who did not belong to his own 
church, and in estimating their 
conduct, he is too oflen governed 
by credulity, or some worse princi- 
ple. Mr. Canne's antipathy to the 
tything system is by no means 
sufficient to constitute him a Qua- 
ker. As well might we term his 
lordship a Jew or a Mahomedan. 
(A Mahomedan believes in the 
unity of Grod ; but the bishop be- 
lieved in the unity of God ; there- 
fore, his lordship was a Mahome- 
dan, would be an idle use of logic 
to say.) There may be greater 
reason for charging Mr. Canne 
with the milleniary or fifth mon- 
archy notions, (His. Reg. p. 363, 
bad authority — ^the bishop Kennet 
again,) to which many (some, per- 



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133 



haps) of the Baptists, and some few 
of the Independents, were at that 
period addicted. Now that we 
have mentioned the name of bishop 
Rennet, it may be the properest 
place to introduce another passage 
of his relating to Mr. Canne, al- 
though it savours so much of the 
ridiculous, that we are by no 
means disposed to give it implicit 
credit. The passage is this : '* If 
men will set themselves only to 
find faults, it is impossible in the 
state of things they should ever be 
pleased. And if they separate 
where they see any thing amiss, 
they must follow his example, 
who pursued this principle so far, 
till he withdrew from all society, 
lest he should communicate with 
them in their sin ; in which con- 
dition he continued till his children 
lay dead in the house, and he be- 
came utterly unabte to help him- 
self And because no human in- 
vention were to be allowed about 
the worship of God, he cut out of 
his Bible the contents of the chap- 
ters, and titles of the leaves, and 
so left the bare text without bind- 
ing or covers." (Histor. Reg^ p. 
744.) To say nothing of the 
Bishop's inconclusive reasoning in 
the former part of this quotation, 
the sequel describes a species of 
conduct rather too inconsistent for 
a person who both wrote and pub- 
lished marginal references and an- 
notations to the Bible. Yet this 
absurd part is quoted by Dr. Gray, 
(Examin. Neals 2nd vol. p. 231,) 
with full credence, and by way of 
illustration, as we suppose of Mr. 
Neal, whom he professes to ex- 
amine. By the margin of Ken- 
net's book, it appears that Mr. 
BaU was his authority for the 
above story ; upon which we shall 



only observe, that with all defer- 
ence to that learned and religious 
person, he might be too ready to 
give implicit credit to any idle tale ' 
that was related concerning an ad- 
versary whose opinions he was 
combating. Mr. Ball, though ad- 
verse to the rites and ceremonies 
of the Church of England, was 
against separating from her com- 
munion. 

We have but little inli rmation 
respecting Mr. Canne during the 
years that he was in England, 
after the death of Charles I. He 
probably employed himself in com- 
posing and publishing various 
works which have not come to our 
knowledge. The first piece of his 
during that period, of which we 
have any notice, is entitled, " The 
Time of the End," 12mo. 1657. 
It is prefaced by Charles Feake, 
and John Rogers ; two persons of 
great note amongst the republicans 
and fifth monarchy men of that 
time. Mr. Canne intimates in 
this book that he was then in a 
state of banishment from Hull ; 
'' after seventeen years banishment 
before." We know nothing of his 
connexion with that town, al- 
though it seems from this that he 
preached there after he came over 
to England in 1640. Mr. Canne's 
notions of a fifth monarchy, or of 
the personal reign of King Jesus, 
to supersede the governments of 
this world, having influenced some 
persons of his party and principles, 
to take the civil sword, in order to 
overthrow Cromwell's government, 
it is not surprising that he fell into 
trouble upon that account. In the 
year 1658, there was published, in 

S[uarto, *' A Narrative, wherein is 
aithfuUy set forth the sufferings of 
John Canw^, Wentworth Day, John 



Clarke, John Belcher, John Ric- 
ard, Robert Boggis, Peter Kidd, 
Richard Brycaton, and George 
Strange, called, (as their News- 
book saith,) Fifth Monarchy men. 
That is, how eight of them were 
taken in Coleman-street, month 
second, called April, first day, 1658, 
as they were in the solemn wor- 
ship of God, and by the Lord 
Mayor sent prisoners to the Coun- 
ter, in the Poultry. Also of the 
arraignment of Wentworth Day 
and John Clarke, at the sessions 
in the Old Bailey; and how the 
rest, after three weeks' imprison- 
ment and more, were discharged 
in their court. Published by a 
Friend to the Prisoners and the 
good old cause they suffered for." 
(Rennet's Reg. p. 363.) In order 
to estimate justly the nature and 
value of particular occurrences, it 
is necessary to take into consider- 
ation the various events with 
which they stand immediately 
connected. It may be proper to 
inform the reader, that at the 
opening of the year 1658, Venner, 
and some other persons professing 
the fifth-monarchy principles, en- 
tered into a conspiracy to overturn 
the Protector's government, under 
the absurd idea that it stood in the 
way of the spiritual monarchy, 
which they were commissioned to 
establish. (Complete Hist. Eng. 
vol. 3, p. 206.) Surely these in- 
fatuated persons, but little consi- 
dered how incompatible is violence 
with the pacific character of Mes- 
siah's reign. Their plot was dis- 
covered in sufficient time to be de- 
feated, and the authors of it spared 
to create fresh disturbances under 
a regal government, from which 
they met with less lenity. It may 
be mentioned to Cromwell's honor. 



that although the fifth-monarchists 
had dethroned him in principle, 
yet he never interfered with them 
until they had committed a direct 
breach of the peace. How far Mr. 
Canne was implicated in these 
civil commotions we have no in- 
formation to determine ; but that 
he suffered for them is not surpris- 
ing. It arose out of his connex- 
ions." We shall not repeat what 
we have recorded under Art. Bare- 
bone, that all this is mere fustian 
and assumption as to fifth-mon- 
archism, as all of Canne's writings 
show that he believed otherwise. 
No, he was a Baptist and opposed 
to usurpation by Cromwell, or by 
king. Another of Mr. Cannes 
publications, and the last that we 
are acquainted with, related to 
tythes. It was published in 1659, 
in quarto, and .entitled "An In- 
dictment against tythes: or, Tythes 
no Wages for Gospel Ministers. 
Wherein is declared: 1. The time 
when Tythes were first given in 
England. 2. By whom, and by 
whose authority and power Tythes 
were first given, and after continued 
in England. 3. Ministers pretend- 
ing a threefold right to Tythes, by 
Donation ; 2. By the Laws of the 
Nation; and 3, By the Law of 
God, examined and confirmed, by 
John Osbumy a lover of the Truth, 
as it is in Jesus. To which are 
added, Certain Reasons taken out 
of Dr. Burgess, his Case, concern- 
ing buying of Bishop's Lands, 
which are as full and directly 
against Tythes, as to what he ap- 
plied them. Likewise, a Query to 
William Prynne, by John Canne." 
Bishop Kennet, who gives us the 
title of this book likewise cites 
the concluding part of the Epistle 
to the reader, for the purpose of 



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135 



I 



identifying the cause of Tythes 
with that of kingly government. 
It says, " Whatsoever encourage- 
ment is given to the continuance 
of tythes, yet this we know, that 
they who cry out loudest for them 
are, for the most part, for a single 
person, or for the interest of 
Charles Stewart, I say more a great 
deal for a king than for a free 
Commonwealth." 

After the restoration, Mr. Canne 
retired to Holland, and returned 
to his former residence at Amster 
dam, where he committed to the 
press, the third edition of his Bi- 
ble in 1664. We hear nothing 
further of him ailer this, but in all 
likelihood he died there. Hist. 
Dissent. Churches. Crosby, Ivi- 
mey, Enc. Rel. Knol., Bib. Brit. 

CATABAPTISM. See Article 
GOODWIN, John. 

CATABAPTIST. See Article 
BULLINGER, Henry. 

CARPENTER, Richard, B. D., 
a poet and divine who flourished 
about the middle of the 17th cen- 
tury. Among his published works 
was one entitled — " The Anabap- 
tist Washed and Shrunk in the 
Washing:' Loud. 1642, 8vo. Bib. 
Brit. 

CASSANDER, George, a learn- 
ed Popish divine, bom 1515, in the 
Isle of Cadsand, near Bruges, 
whence he took his name ; died 
1566. Among his works was one 
entitled — ^De Baptismo Infantium. 
Col. 1563, 8vo. His works were 
ooUected and published in folio, 
Paris, 1616. Bayle, in his Dic- 
tionary, mentions this author in 
Buch a manner as to indicate that 
he must haVe written some other 
work concerning Anabaptists. See 
Art Anabaptists in Bay je,. note (k.) 
and Art. Bayle, Peter, in Bap. 



Cyclopaedia and Bib. Brit, under 
his name. 

CRAWDRY, Daniel. Thiswri- 
ter's publications are dated from 
1624 to 1661. He wrote against 
Independency, Dr. Hammons, Dr. 
Owen, and Schims ; also a work en- 
titled — An answer to Mr. G. Fir- 
micus' Questions concerning the 
Baptising the Children of such 
Parents which say they believe in 
Jesus Christ. Lond. 1652. Bib. 
Brit. This author is quoted by 
Booth, as follows : — 

"The Scriptures are not clear, 
that Infant Baptism was an Apos- 
tolical practice." Crosby's Hist. 
Bap. vol. 2, p. 53, Pref Booth in 
Psedobaptism Examined, p. 171- 
172. 

CARY. This author is men- 
tioned in Bibliotheca Britannica, as 
publishing a work entitled— Solemn 
call to Baptism, 1690, 8vo. 

CAREY, or CARY, Phil, author 
of— Reply to R. Burthegye on In- 
fant Baptism. Lond. 1684, 12mo. 
Bib. Brif 

CAREY, John, born in August 
1729, in Westmoreland county, 
Virginia ; died 2nd June, 1842, in 
his 114th year. He was of purely 
African descent, free-born. His 
mother had been a slave, but was 
emancipated before his birth. In 
a memoir of him by Rev. O. B. 
Brown, of Washington, D. C, 
which appeared in the Baptist 
Memorial, published in New- York 
for September 1842, the writer 
says : " General Washington, who 
was born in the same county, and 
was two years and a half younger 
than John, was much pleased with 
him from his youth, for his energy, 
his fidelity, and his decision of 
character ; traits which Washing- 
ton knew how to appreciate as 



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well in an humble African, as in 
one of his own complexion ; and 
in his earliest military campaigns, 
employed him as his personal ser- 
vant. In this capacity, he was 
with General, then Colonel Wash- 
ingtoi), on the battle-field of Mon- 
ongahela, on the 9th of July, 1755, 
when General Braddock was de- 
I'eated and slain, and where Wash- 
ington, by his ability and prudence, 
saved the wreck of the British 
army, and laid the foundation of 
his future military fame. He con- 
tinued with Washington to the 
close of his military services in 
tliat war. When Washington was 
nppointed commander-in-chief of 
the revolutionary army, the faithful 
John Carey accompanied him to 
the field, and was with him in all 
his military career as generalisimo 
of the republican forces. Some- 
times he served in the ranks of the 
army, and sometimes he was the 
personal attendant of his revered 
General. He loved General Wash- 
ington as a child loves his father ; 
and till within a short time of his 
death, he would talk of scenes and 
battles of both the wars, with a 
memory as perfect as of events 
just past ; and in such minute ac- 
cordance with the records of his- 
tory, as to show that he had been 
a close observer of the deeds of the 
great Washington. At the close 
of the revolutionary war, when 
taking leave of his commander, 
General Washington presented 
him one of his military coats, the 
same which he had worn in the 
seige of Yorktown, when he oon- 
sumated his military glory, as a 
token of his approbation and es- 
teem of the fidelity of this devoted 
servant and patriot. This coat, 
John often wore to church, till 



within the last fifteen years. He 
set a value upon it above all price, 
as a memento of his beloved gene- 
ral ; and though reduced to ex- 
treme poverty, no ofiers of money 
could induce him to part with it 
John was full six feet high, about 
the size of the general he had 
served, and the coat suited him 
quite well. He died in its posses- 
sion, and the coat is quite a curi- 
osity. It is of a coarse texture, a 
fair sample of the times in which 
it covered the greatest national 
chieftain that ever lived, in the per- 
son of the commander of the armies 
of a new republican empire, strug- 
gling for existence. It is of blue 
cloth with bufi* facings and large 
fiat gilt buttons ; in the same 
fashion of that in the National 
Institute, which he wore when he 
resigned his commission. 

After the war, John Carey resi- 
ded in Westmoreland county, Vir- 
ginia, for many years, where he 
became a hopeful subject of divine 
grace, and was baptized by the 
late Rev. Henry Toler. He aft;er- 
wards removed to Washington; 
and for the last twenty-eight years 
of his life, he has been an exem- 
plary member of the first Baptist 
church in this city. His piety has 
never been doubted by those who 
knew him. He was alwajrs clear 
in the doctrine of salvation by the 
grace of God, and the Lord Jesus 
Christ ; and as he advanced in 
years, that Saviour who first taught 
him to hope in his mercy, became 
more and more precious to his soul. 
If martial scenes which engrossed 
a full portion of his earlier man- 
hood, often recurred to the memory 
of his declining years with enliven- 
ing interest, the manifestation of 
our Saviour's love, and the prospect 



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137 



which it opened to him of brighter 
scenes than mortal vision could 
endure, would often kindle his 
soul into rapture. He retained his 
faculties remarkably well for his 
age, though infirmities of such a 
weight of years necessarily weak- 
ened the powers of his mind ; and 
to the last period of his mortal life, 
he manifested an unshaken confi- 
dence in Grod his Saviour, which 
bore him triumphantly through 
the vale of death. 

Since the decline of life deprived 
him of strength to labor, he has 
subsisted partly on the bounties of 
the benevolent, but in a great mea- 
sure upon the regular allowance 
made him by the Church to which 
he belonged. The military roll in 
which his name stood during the 
revolutionary war, is believed to 
have been destroyed when the war 
office was burnt in 1801 : and for 
want of the evidence required he 
was never placed on the pension 
list At an early period of the late 
session of Congress, the Hon. G. 
W^. Briggs, of Massachusetts, be- 
coming acquainted with his char- 
acter and condition, brought for- 
ward a joint resolution to grant him 
a pension for the remainder of his 
life, which passed the house of Re- 
presentatives, but in the Senate it 
was lost. When that resolution 
was pending, the writer of this told 
him what Mr. Briggs was doing. 
He responded with a prayer, that 
the Lord would reward Mr. Briggs 
for his kindness to a poor unwor- 
thy servant of God ; but, added he, 
" I need but little, and but for a 
little time." The Lord however 
raised him friends, and he did not 
suffer while he lived. He left a 
wife aged about threescore years 
and ten, who gave all the assistance 



he needed in his infirmity. The 
last Sabbath of his life he walked 
out and attended the public wor- 
ship of God. On Monday morning 
he told his wife he should leave her 
this week, for his Lord had called 
him, and he should cheerfully obey 
the summons. Monday night, he 
was taken with a chill, which prov- 
ed the cessation of vitality. He con- 
tinued however till Friday night, 
when he fell asleep. 

While on earth he lived obscure- 
ly great ; for he glorified God in his 
body and spirit ; in the depth of 
poverty he enjoyed the blessing of 
royalty ; for God his Saviour resi- 
ded with him and lived in his 
heart. In the confidence of faith, he 
realized that he was born a prince 
of the Kingdom of God. God wa^ 
his Father ; Christ his brother ; 
angels were his ministers ; and hea- 
ven was his destination. In the 
assurance of this hope, he lived 
above the world, waiting for the 
happy moment which should change 
his faith to vision, and consummate 
his hope in glory." 

The Rev. Dr. Cone prefaced this 
memoir, which he requested to be 
transferred from the Religious Her- 
ald of Va. to the Memorial, as fol- 
lows : " John Carey was received a 
member of the first Baptist Church, 
Washington City, within a few 
months of the time when I united 
with it ; and having been myself 
engaged from 1812 to 1814, in 
defending our common Country 
against an invading foe, I could 
not but feel a special regard for the 
man who had waited upon the per- 
son of Washington, throughout the 
Revolutionary struggle. I rejoice 
to know, that John enjoyed the in- 
finitely higher honor of waiting 
upon the Great Captain of our Sal- 



138 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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ration, to the day of his death ; 
who, according to his promise, 
brought oft' the old soldier at last 
more than a conqueror. Bap. Mem- 
orial, vol. 2, p. 2Go, 267. 

CAREY, William, D. D. This 
eminent man, the pioneer of mo- 
dern missions, and in many respects 
the most wonderful man of the age, 
was born August 17, 1761. He was, 
the son of a poor man, and com- 
menced business in life himself as 
a shoemaker. Upon his conversion 
he set himself to learn the original 
languiiges of Scripture, and became 
the minister of a Baptist congrega- 
tion in Moulton, England, support- 
ing himself at first by his trade and 
then by teaching a school. 

Yet with him was the germ of a 
new age ! As he became more ac- 
quainted with the condition of the 
various nations of the earth, by 
reading the narratives of voyagers 
and travellers, he felt great concern 
for the state of the heathen. 

He now longed to commence a 
Baptist mission. At length a friend 
in Birmingham told him to write 
on the subject, and promised ten 
pounds towards the expense of print- 
ing. He did so, and the pamphlet 
was printed. This treatise was en- 
titled, " An Inquiry into the Obli- 
gations of Christians to use means 
for the Conversion of the Heathen." 
The profits of this work were gene- 
rously given towards increa.sing the 
funds of the missionary society, 
which was soon afterwards formed. 
At this time he had gained an un- 
common knowledgeof Latin, Greek, 
Hebrew, French, Dutch, Italian, &c. 
evincing that wonderful facility in 
the acquisition of tongues, by which 
God had endowed him and raised 
him up for the great work of Bible 
translation. The missionary spirit 



continued to rise among his associ- 
ated brethren, among whom were 
Fuller, Pearce, Ryland, Sutcliffie, 
&c., till, in May, 1792, he preached 
before the Northamptonshire asso- 
(riation, at Nottingham, a discourse 
; of overwhelming energy from Isa. 
o4 : 23, on the obligations of the 
i church to expect grejit Tiirxas prom 
God, and to attempt great things 
FOR God. The effect was irresisti- 
ble. The association instantly re- 
solved to prepare a plan for a Bap- 
tist missionary society. " The so- 
ciety was formed," says Dr. Ryland, 
" in Mr. Beeby Wallis' back parlor, 
October 2, 1792." 

When the society was formed, 
the first questions presented were, 
In what part of the heathen world 
shall the work be commenced ? and 
who will offer themselves as the 
first laborers in this untried and ha- 
zardous undertaking? The arrival", 
of Mr. John Thomas from Hindois- 
tan, and the application by him to 
the society for their assistance in 
proclaiming the gospel in that coun- 
try, decided the first point, and Mr. 
Carey promptly volunteering to ac- 
company Mr. Thomas, the society 
was enabled to enter on the work 
of evangelizing the world, within 
a very comparatively short period 
after its formation. 

Messrs. Carey and Thomas lefl 
England for India in 1793. 

Dr. 'Carey came to India in a 
Danish ship, without obtaining the 
consent of the East India company. 
When Dr. Carey came into Bengal, 
therefore, it was a principal object 
with him to conceal himself from 
the knowledge of government : and 
for a little time he occupied him- 
self in the cultivation of recenfly 
redeemed jungle lands near Takee, 
about forty miles east from Galout- 



Ca 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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139 



ta; and here he was exposed to 
much suffering. A few months 
afterwards, however, he was invited 
by the late Mr. Udny to take charge 
of an indigo factory, and his col- 
league obtained a similar situation. 
Through the kindness of their em- 
ployer, too, they obtained formal 
permission from government to con- 
tinue in India. Dr. Carey contin- 
ued thus situated from 1794 to the 
beginning of 1800 ; during which 
time he applied himself diligently 
to the study of the Bengalee lan- 
guage and. then of the Sungskrit. 
He translated the Scriptures into 
Bengalee, preached the gospel in 
it extensively, and supported seve- 
ral schools. 

On the 10th of January, 1800, 
Dr. Carey came to Serampore, and 
united with Dr. Marshman, Mr. 
Ward, and others, lately arrived 
from Europe, in forming the mis- 
sion which has since borne the name 
of this town. In the first year of 
his residence at Serampore, Dr. 
Carey's translation of the New Tes- 
tament was nearly all printed ; and 
the first Christian converts from 
Hindooism in Bengal were baptized. 
The Christian church which was 
then begun with a few individual 
believers in the gospel, has now 
branched into about twenty-four: 
churches in different parts of India. I 
In 1801, Dr. Carey was chosen 
as Bengalee teacher in the newly j 
instituted college of Fort William. ! 
He was afterwards appointed pro- ] 
fessor of Sangskrit and Mahratta, 
and by this means he acquired an . 
intimacy with learned pundits from 
all parts of India,through whom^ in 
the course of years, he was enabled 
to translate the Scriptures into all 
the principal languages of northern 
Hindxistaii. For the students in the 



college, he had to compile gram- 
mars of the languages he taught 
them ; and after many years he 
completed his voluminous Benga- 
lee dictionary. He was not less 
celebrated as a man of science. Bo- 
tany and natural history he began 
to study long before he left Eng- 
land ; and India opened to him a 
wide field of observation, which he 
examined with untiring assiduity 
from his first arrival until his 
strength utterly failed him. 

As a philanthropist. Dr. Carey is 
entitled to a high rank. He sought 
and gained the prevention of infan- 
ticide at Gunga Saugur. He was 
amongst the first, if not the first, 
that engaged in seeking the aboli- 
tion of suttees, and chiefly through 
his exertions the marquis of Well- 
esley left to his successors in the 
government of India, minutes, de- 
claring his conviction that suttees 
might and ought to be abolished. 
Had he continued in the govern- 
ment he would have abolished 
them. Dr. Carey also took an ac- 
tive part in attempting the esta- 
blishment of a leper hospital in 
Calcutta. He was the founder of 
the Agricultural society. And in- 
deed scarcely any undertaking for 
the benefit of the country has been 
engaged in, of which he was not 
either a prime mover or a zealous 
promoter. 

It was, however, as a Christian, 
a missionary, and a translator of 
the sacred Scriptures, that Dr. Carey 
shone pre-eminently. Their obli- 
gations to him in these respects the 
people of India have yet in a great 
degree to learn. They will how- 
ever learn them ; and future gene- 
rations will arise to bless his name. 
All Bengalees at least may thank 
him for this ; before his days, the 



140 



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Bengalee language was unknown, 
and had never been reduced to 
grammatical rule. Pundits would 
not write it, and there was scarcely 
a book in it worth reading. It is 
now rich, refined, and expressive ; 
and scholarship in it is generally 
sought both by natives and foreign- 
ers, and to Dr. Carey and the pun- 
dits whom he employed, and whose 
labors lie^ directed, the change is 
principally owing. 

Of the extent of his labors in the 
great work of enabling every mem- 
ber of the family of man to read in 
his own tongue the wonderful 
works of God, some idea may be 
formed when we state, that the 
Serampore press, in supplying 
which with various versions of the 
sacred Scriptures he was the chief 
instrument, has issued not less 
than 212,000 volumes of the divine 
word in forty different languages, 
embracing the vernacular tongues 
of 270,000,000 of human beings ; 
besides the circulation of above 
seventy tracts, translated by the 
Serampore missionaries into nine 
different languages; the publica- 
tion of a Bengalee newspaper, 
which has taken a powerful and 
most beneficial hold of the minds 
of the natives ; and a great many 
other works, interesting alike to 
the oriental scholar, and to the 
friends of Christian missions. 

In prospect of his approaching 
end, the good man often said to his 
beloved friends around him, when 
anxiously inquiring the state of 
his mind, in the prospect of this 
event, " I have no raptures, but I 
have no fears; for the cross and 
atonement of Christ are my all- 
suflBlcient ground of hope and joy," 

He died June 9, 1834, full of 
years, and honor, and happiness. 



His last articulate breath was that 
of fervent praise and prayer. A 
well-written history of his life 
would include the whole history 
of modem benevolent enterprise. 
Rtjlantts Life of Fuller; Sumacher 
Durpun of Calcutta; Boston Recor- 
der ; S. S. Journal Enc. Rel. Knol. 

CAREY, Felix, son of Dr. Wij. 
liam Carey the missionary, was 
born in 1786 ; assisted his father 
in his pious labors in Bengal ; and 
died at Serampore, in 1822. 
Among his works were, a Gram- 
mar and Dictionary of the Burman 
Language, unfortunately lost at 
sea in 1812; a Pali Grammar; 
and other philological productions. 
Davenport, 

CAMERON. Author of— The 
Evidence for Infant Baptism Ex- 
amined. Another English Baptist 
mentioned by Benedict, p. 207. 

CASWELL. Author of— Bap- 
tism considered, in relation to a 
future age. Another Baptist, of 
whom nothing more is now known 
to us. Benedict, p. 207. 

CARTWRIGHT, Joseph, sue 
cesser in the pastoral office at 
Snow's-fields to Mr. Charlton, no- 
ticed in article Charlton, Thomas, 
p. 117. It is intimated that he 
sought to leave the Baptists and 
unite with the Church of England, 
but failing to succeed, set up a se- 
parate church where he read the 
service ; but this is incredible from 
all analogous history, that he 
should have been refused confor- 
mity to the Church, since no hint 
is given of any thing against his 
character. Wilson's Hist Dissent. 
Churches, vol. 4, p. 284. 

CHAMBERLIN, John, an Eng- 
lish Baptist, author of The Consti- 
tution, Order, and Discipline of the 
New Testament Church, pp. 143, 



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141 



1820. This gentleman was a mis- 
sionary to India, and re- wrote and 
re-pubiished the edition noted with 
a preface by Rev. Mr. Ivimey. Be- 
nedict, p. 207, with a preface by 
Rev. Mr. Ivimey. Benedict, p. 207. 
CRAWFORD, Alex., a Baptist, 
author of Believer-immersion as 
opposed to unbeliever sprinkling. 
In two essays, 1, on the Abrahamic 
Covenant, 2, on Christian Baptism ; 
to which are added three letters to 
Mr. Ross, of Picton, containing 
strictures on his first letter to Mr. 
Elder of Annapolis. By Alexander 
Crawford, Prince Edward's Island, 
Nova Scotia, 8vo. pp. 135, 1827. 
This earliest of Baptist writers in 
Nova Scotia was forced into au- 
thorship in self-defence against the 
attacks of Rev. Messrs. Ross, Mun- 
ro, Jackson, and others. Benedict, 
p. 218. 

CRAWLEY, A., D.D., A Baptist 
writer on Baptism, who since pre- 
sides over the Baptist College of 
Nova Scotia. He wrote in reply to 
Rev. W. Elder. Mr. Gray against 
Crawley, and Tupper in reply to 
Gray. Benedict, p. 260, 251. 

CHASE, Rev. J., a Baptist, Au- 
thor of a Sermon, On the Design of 
Baptism. Benedict, p. 253. 

CRANE, W. Carey, author of a 
tract entitled, A Collection of ar- 
guments and opinions on the sub- 
ject of Baptism. Montgomery, Ala. 
CHARLTON, Thomas, a Baptist 
minister of England ^^ who had been 
a Methodist preacher, and was very 
popular ; during the former part of 
his ministry, he used a surplice, 
and read the church prayers ; but 
these after a time, he dropt, and 
embracing the sentiments of the 
Baptists, was baptized by Mr. 
Hughes, about 1772. After this, 
he still continued his ministry at 



Snow's fields, Southwark, till re- 
moved by death, Dec. 19, 1774, in 
the 34th year of his age. His fu- 
neral sermon was preached by Mr. 
Towers, and afterwards published, 
together with an oration at his in- 
terment, and contains a particular 
account of his dying experience, 
and religious character. Mr. Charl- 
ton is said to have been a very 
valuable and useful minister in his 
station, and is respectfully noticed 
by Mr. Toplady, as the means of 
awakening his aged father. (Top- 
lady's Posthumous Works, p. 119.) 
Mr. Charlton published a sermon on 
the death of the Rev. John Hughes, 
preached at Jewin-st. June, 1773. 
Wilson's Hist. Dissent. Churches, 
vol. 4, p. 283, 284. 

CLAYTON, John, is mentioned 
by Walter Wilson as pastor of Shad 
Thames General Baptist Church, 
Southwark, England, 1681, and as 
dying about the close of the Revolu- 
tion, pastor of Fair-street General 
Baptist Church, when it met at 
Dock-head, Southwark, 1688. Wil- 
son's Hist. Dissent. Churches, vol. 
4, p. 257, 343. 

CRAPS, John, a Baptist, author 
of A Concise View of Christian 
Baptism. By Rev. John Craps : 
London, 12mo. pp. 12, 1840. Bene- 
dict, p. 41. 

CHARNOCK, Stephen, a Non- 
conformist Paedobaptist of London, 
born 1628 ; died 1680. Author of 
several discourses of the Existence 
and Attributes of God. Lond. 1682. 
fol. Works. Lond. 1684, 2 vols. fol. 
Two discourses, viz : of Man's En- 
mity to God ; and of the Salvation 
of Sinners. Published by Edward 
Veel, 1699, 8vo. This author says, 
" 'Tis part of God's sovereignty to 
be the interpreter, as well as the 
maker of his own laws ; as it is a 



142 



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right inherent in the legislative 
power among men, so that it is an 
invasion of his right to fasten a 
sense upon his declared will, which 
dotli not naturally flow from the 
•words. For to put any interpreta- 
tion according to our pleasure upon 
divine as well as human laws, is 
virtual usurpation of His power ; 
because if laws may be interpreted 
according to our humors, the power 
of the law would be more in the 
interpreter than in the legislator. 
(Of Man's Enmity to God, p. 98.) 
Elsewhere he says: "They must 
be evasions past understanding, that 
can hold water against a divine order. 
God never gave power to any man 
to change his ordinances, or to dis- 
pense with them. (Works, vol. 2 p. 
753, 773, 774. 1st Ed.) Again: 
" The laws of God, who is summa 
ratio are partly founded on the 
truest reasons, though every one of 
them may not be so clear to us. 
Therefore, they that make any al- 
teration in his precepts, either dog- 
matically or practically, controul 
his wisdom and charge him with 
folly. When men will observe one 
part of his law and not another ; 
pick and choose where they please ; 
hence it is, that sinners are called 
fools in Scripture. 'Tis certainly 
inexcusable folly to contradict un- 
deniable and infallible wisdom. 
If infinite prudence hath framed 
the law, why is not every part of it 
observed ? If it were not made with 
the best wisdom, why is any thing 
of it observ^ed." (On Man's Enmity 
to God, p. 112, 113.) '• To pre- 
scribe any thing (in religious wor- 
ship,) which God hath not com- 
manded, though he hath not for- 
bidden it ; it is such an invasion of 
his prerogative^ that he hath pun- 
ished it with a remarkable judg- 



ment. Lev. X. 1. (Ibid, ut supra 
p. 97.) " God seals no more than 
he promises^ nor in any other man- 
ner than as he promises. He pro- 
mises only to faith, and therefore 
only seals to faith. Covenant gra- 
ces therefore must be possest and 
acted, before covenant blessings^ <;aA 
be ratified to us" (Works voL*2 p. 
781. ist Ed.) Upon John iii. 5. 
Except a man be born of u>ater wid 
of the Spirit he cannot enter into 
the Kingdom of God. He makes 
a most lucid and scriptural exege- 
sis : '^ All the difficulty lies in that 
expression, of water. Some, as the 
Papists, understand it of the ele- 
mentary water of Baptism; and 
from this place exclude all children, 
dying without baptism from salva- 
tion. Tis strange that, when all 
agree that the birth here spoken of 
is spiritual and metaphorical^ that 
the water here should be natural 
None could be saved, unless bap- 
tized, if this were meant of bi^ 
tism. As, if these words, except 
you eat of the flesh of the son of 
man, and drink his blood, ye have 
no life in you, were meant of the 
supper, none could be saved unless 
they did partake of it. Baptism 
was not then instituted, as a stand- 
ing sacrament in the Christian 
Church. " The institution of it," 
(we should sa»j formally) "we find 
not till after Christ's resurrection. 
For he discourseth of that which 
was of present necessity. 'Tis 
strange that our Saviour should 
speak to Nicodemus of the neces- 
sity of baptism, before he had in- 
formed him of the mysteries of the 
gospel, whereof 'tis a seal. To 
speak of a seal, before he speaks 
of that which is sealed by it, is 
not congruous." ('Tis no seal oa 
God's part, if it be on man's.) 



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" For the sacraments being found- 
ed upon the doctrine on which they 
depend, to begin by a sacrament 
the instruction of a man, is to be- 
gin a building by the tiles and 
rafters, before you lay a foundation ; 
and against the order exprest by 
our Saviour to the apostles, which 
puts teaching before baptizing, and 
was always practised in the primi- 
tive times, and is to this day in all 
Christian Churches, to the adult 
and grown up. Those that under- 
stand it of the baptismal water, 
and so make that of absolute ne- 
cessity, do by another assertion 
accuse their own exposition of fal- 
sity. For they say, that the bap- 
tism of blood supplies the want of 
water, which cannot be if the bap- 
tism of water were to be under- 
stood in this place, and so absolutely 
necessary. 'Tis water that is ex- 
prest, and blood is not water. A 
martyr dying unbaptized, must be 
damned, and can not enter into the 
kingdom of heaven, if this place be 
meant of the water of baptism. It 
may also be observed, that Christ 
in the progress of his discourse, 
makes no more mention of water ^ 
but of the Spirit (that which is born 
of the Spirit is Spirit :) not born of 
water and the Spirit to the neW 
birth. And since Christ mentions 
it positively, that he that is born of 
the Spirit is Spirit ; will it be said, 
that if any be born of the Spirit, 
without water, he is still hat Jlesh ? 
water then is not to be taken mys- 
tically — ^by water and the Spirit^ 
are signified one and the same 
thing ; the similitude of water, 
showing the cleansing and rege- 
nerating virtues of the Spirit ; as 
Jire^ and the Spirit, are put toge- 
ther, to signify the refining quality 
the Spirit hath, as fire hath power to 



separate the dross from the good 
metal. Fire and the Spirit, i.e. a 
Spirit of fire, of the force and effi- 
cacy of fire.'' (Works, vol. 2, pp. 
2, 3. 2d. Ed.) See also Booth, pp. 
34, 159, 167, 176, 313, 323, 354, 
and p. 356, where Booth concurs 
in that last quotation ^' baptism is 
not intended by the term water." 
John iii. 5, and we indorse the 
sentiment. 

CAJETAN, or CAJETANUS, 
Cardinal. His proJ)er name was 
Thomas de Vio, but he took that 
of Cajetan, from Cajeta, the town 
of Naples, where he was born, 1469 ; 
he died 1534. He wrote in defence 
of popery against the Lutherans, 
several works on various subjects, 
and commentaries. All his writ- 
ings entitled, Opuscula Omnia, etc., 
were published. Ludg. 1562, in 
3 vols. His comment in Sacram 
Scripturam, Ludg. 1639, 3 vols, 
fol. This work contains several 
others, the titles of which we omit, 
referring to Biblioth. Britann. and 
register his testimony : 

" We are buried with him by bap- 
tism into death. By our burying 
he declares our death, from the 
ceremony of baptism ; because he 
who is baptized, is put under the 
water, and by this bears a likeness 
of him that was buried, who is put 
under the earth. Now because 
none are buried but dead men, 
from this very thing we are buried 
in baptism, we are assimilated to 
Christ, when he was buried.'' Ad. 
Rom. vi. 4, quoted in Henry Law- 
rence's Treatise of Baptism, pp. 71, 
72. Booth, p. 59. ''Christ as- 
cended out of the water ; therefore 
he was baptized by John, not by 
sprinkling, or pouring water upon 
him, but by immersion.^^ Ad. 
! Matt. iii. 16. Lawrence as above. 



^. 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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pp. 62, 63. Booth, p. 



chap. 5 
80. 

CALOVIUS, Abraham, a Luthe- 
ran divine, born 1612 ; died 1686. 
His works in 12 vols, were pub- 
lished at Wittemberg, 1654. This 
included, Socinismus Profligatus, 
xxix. Disputationibus Wittemb. 
1652, 4to. He is simply worthy of 
mention, as of all his cotemporaries, 
the least candid and most sple- 
netic whenever he comes to write 
of baptismal questions, taking the 
ground of the most ultra Popish' 
Pa^obaptist. See work above, p. 
878 

CHAMBERLON, Peter, D. D., 
author of — Master Blackwell's Sea 
of Absurdity concerning Sprinkling 
calmly driven back, by Peter 
Chamberlon. London, 1652, 4to. 

CAMERON, John, a Scotch di- 
vine, born at Glasgow, 1580; died 
1625, was educated at the Univer- 
sity in his native city. His works 
were published in folio at Geneva, 
1642 — 1658. Some of his writings 
were in English, some in French, 
and others in Latin. Among 
other books he published — ^Praelec- 
tiones in selectiora quaedam loco 
Novi Testamenti una cum Tracta- 
tu de Ecclesia, et nonnuUia miscel- 
laniis opusculis. Salmur. 1626 — 
1628, 30 vols. 4to. This work is 
quoted by Pool and Booth as fol- 
lows : 

" How were the Israelites bap- 
tized in the cloud and in the sea ? 
for they were neither dipped in the 
sea, nor wetted by the cloud ?" It 
is remarkable that in the Old Tes- 
tament the term baptism is not 
applied to this transaction, but 
Paul borrowed from the Christian 
institution the term baptism as in- 
dicating the hiding of the Israel- 
ites by the cloud and sea on all 



sides. He says, M»S«nMM, is to teach 
those things that pertain to leli- ^| 
gion." Again : " Else were your jj 
children unclean j but now are they \ 
holy. This holiness of which the || 
apostle speaks, is not opposed to i 
that impurity which by nature -^ 
properly agrees to all, on account 
of Adam's offence ; but to that im- 
purity of which believing wives 
were apprehensive, from their co- 
habiting with unbelieving hus- ! 
bands." Upon the passives Cam- j 
eron and Pool quoted by Booth, | 
pp. 76, 316, 376, Pa^obaptism Ex- - 
amined. I 

CAVE, William, D. D., Canon 
of Windsor, a very learned Eng- , 
lish divine, was born at Leicester- 
shire, 1637 ; died 1713. It would 
be interesting to notice all of his 
works, the first of which were— 
Primitive Christianity, or the Reli- 
gion of the ancient Christians ; in 
three parts. Lond. 1672, 1673, 
1675, 1702, 1714, 8vo. 1677, 2 vols, 
fol. Tabalse Ecclesiastics. Lond. 
1674, 4to. Hamb. 1676. Anti- 
quitates Apostolicae, and various 
others. Upon the subject involved 
in the baptismal controversy, he 
may be cited : 

^' The party to be baptized was 
wholly inmierged, or put under 
water ; whereby they did more no- 
tahly and significantly express the 
three great encls and effects of bap- 
tism." 

'^ The party to be baptized was 
wholly immergedj or put under 
water, which was the constant and 
universal custom of those times," &c. 

'^ As in immersion there are in a 
manner three several acts, the puU 
ting a person into the water^ his 
abiding there for a litle time^ and 
his rising up again ; so by these 
were represented Christ's death. 



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CYCLOPiEDJA. 



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145 



burial, and resurrection; and in 
conformity thereunto, our dying 
unto sin, the destruction of its 
power and our resurrection to a 
new course of life. By the persons 
being put into water was liveli/ re- 
presented the putting off the body 
of the sins of the flesh, and being 
washed from the filth and pollu- 
tion of them. By his abode un- 
der it, which was a kind of burial 
in the water, his entering into a 
new state of death, or mortifica- 
tion, like as Christ remained for 
some time under the state or power 
of death. Therefore as many as 
are baptized into Christ, are said 
to be baptized into his death, and 
to be buried with him by baptism 
into death ; that the old man being 
crucified with him, the body of sin 
might be destroyed, that henceforth 
he might not serve sin, for that he 
is dead, is freed from sin, as the 
apostle clearly explains the mean- 
ing of this rite. And then by his 
emersion, or rising up out of the 
water, was signified his entering 
upon a new course of life, differing 
from that he lived before ; that 
like as Christ was raised up by the 
glory of the Father, even so we 
also should walk in newness of 
life." Primitive Christianity, Part 
1, chap. X. pp. 203, 204. Edit. 6. 
Booth, pp. 58, 92, 129. Bib. Brit. 
CHAMIER, or CHAMIERUS, 
Daniel, an eminent French Pro- 
testant divine, bom in Dauphiny, 
and killed by a cannon ball, at the 
seige of Montaubon, 1621. His 
principal work was entitled — Ca- 
tholica Panstratia, or the wars of 
the Lord, in which the controversy 
between Protestants and Roman 
Catholics is learnedly handled. 
This body of controversy was pub- 
lished at Geneva, 1626, 4 vols. foL, 



under the care of Turretin, profes- 
sor of divinity. An abridgement 
of it W6ts published in the same 
city, in 1643, 1 vol. foL, by Fred- 
erick Spanheim, the father. He 
also wrote. La Confusion des Dis- 
putes Papistes. Genev. 1600, 8vo. 
(Ecumenico Pontifice, libri vi. 
Gen. 1601, 8vo. Corpus Theologi- 
cum, Sive Loci Communes. Genev. 
1653. In this first work above 
noticed, he says : 

" Immersion of the whole body 
was used from the beginninfr, 
which expresseth the force of the 
word baptize ; whence John bap- 
tized in a river. It was afterwards 
changed into sprinkling; though 
it is uncertain when, or by whom, 
it commenced." Liber v. chap. 3. 
Booth, p. 97, Bib. Brit. 

CAMERARIUS, Joachim, born 
at Bamberg, 1500 ; died at Leip- 
sic, 1575, a most learned and vol- 
uminous writer. Author of— Com- 
ment, in Novum Testamentum. 
Cant. 1642, fol. The same in 
English. Lond. 1616, 8vo. This 
work is quoted by Pool and Booth 
on Matt. iii. 6, as follows : " And 
were baptized. That is, they were 
immersed into water." Pool in 
his Synopsis on the passage cites 
him as does Booth in conjunction 
with the author named in the next 
article. 

CASTAUO, or CASTELLIO, 
Sebastian, born 1515; died 1563. 
He was professor of Greek at Basil, 
an intimate friend of Calvin, and 
of authors the most learned. He 
wrote a Greek Poem on the Life of 
John the Baptist, and a Paraphrase 
on the prophecy of Jonah, in Latin 
! verse, entitled— Jonas Propheta 
; Heroico Carmine descriptus. La- 
tine ; cum Vita Joannis Baptists 
Carmine Graeco. Basil, 1545. 



1 



146 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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Edin. 1696, 8vo. His Latin Trans- 
lation of the Bible begun at Gene- 
va, in 1542, was published at Basil, 
1551, which he dedicated to Ed- 
ward VI. of England. 2d Edit. 
1554, 1556. He translated various 
classics, and wrote several works 
of critical erudition, and is quoted 
as in preceding article with Cam- 
erarius by Pool and Booth on the 
passage Matt. iii. 6. " And were 
hrtptized. That is, they were im- 
mersed." Two better witnesses of 
the philological meaning of baptize 
need not be sought. 

CALVIN, JoHX, the Reformer, 
w:is born at Nayon, in Picardy, i 
July 10, 1509 ; died May 27, 1564. | 
Of such authors notice is taken 
only of whatever concerns Baptists, 
whom he opposed as bitterly as he 
did Papists, Infidels, or Pagans, as 
the titles of some of his works 
evince, one of which runs thus : A 
Short Instruction for to arme all 
good Christian people against the 
pestiferous errours of the common 
Secte of Anabaptists. Lond. 1549, 
8vo. He wrote also— Consensio 
de Re Sacramentaria inter J. Cal- 
vinum et Ministros Ecclesiae Tigu- 
rinae. Lond. 1552, 8vo. A Faith- 
ful and most Godly Treatise con- 
cerning the most Sacred Sacra- 
ment, 8vo. Translated from the 
French of Petit Traite de la Saincte 
Cene de nostre Seigneur Jesus 
Christ, 1545. Secunda Defensio 
pia3 et orthodoxse de Sacramentis 
Fidei contra Joachimi Westphali 
Calumnias. Ex. Off. Typ. Joannis 
Crispini, 1556, 8vo. Without enu- 
merating the long catalogue of his 
works, a few quotations will be in- 
troduced with citations of his par- 
ticular work from which each is 
made. He says • 

" The word baptize signifies to 



immerse ; and the rite of immer- 
sion was observed by the ancient 
Church." Institutes. Christ. Relig. 
L. iv. C. XV. § 20. 

" Here we perceive how baptism 
was administered among the an- 
cients ; for they immersed the whole 
body in water. Now it is the pre- 
vailing practice for a minister only 
to sprinkle the body or head.** 
Comment, in Acts viii. 38. 

'* Because Christ requires teach^ 
intr before baptizing, and will have 
believers only admitted to baptism; 
baptism does not seem to be rightly 
administered, except faith pr^^e. 
Under this pretence, the Anabap- 
tists have loudly clamored against 
Piedobaptism.'' In Harm. Evang. 
Comment, in Matt, xxxiii. 19. 

^' Luke commends the pious zeal 
of the Jailor, because he dedicated 
his whole house to the Lord; in 
which also the grace of God illus- 
triously appeared, because it sud- 
denly brought the whole family to 
a pious consent.'' Comment, in 
Acts xvi. 33. 

CHAMBERS, Ephraim, bom in 
Kendaly, resided chiefly in London; 
died 1740; a most ingenious au- 
thor of— Cyclopaedia, or Greneral 
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 
containing the definition of the 
terms, and an account of the things 
signified thereby. Lond. 1728, 
1738, 1739, 1741, 1746, 2 vols- foL 
After the edition of 1746 the work 
was greatly enlarged, first by Mr. 
Scott and Dr. Hill, afterwards by 
Dr. Rees. Lond. 1785, 4 vols. fol. 
It was published in 418 numbers, 
at 6d. each. In this edition the 
Supplement, which was published 
Lond. 1753, 2 vols, fol., and modern 
improvements, were incorporated 
in one alphabet. 

In the 7th edition, Art. Bap- 






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CYCLOPAEDIA. 



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147 



tism, Mr. Chambers sajrs : " In the 
primitive times, this ceremony, 
(baptism) was performed by ini' 
mersian ; as it is this day in the 
Oriental Churches, according to 
the original signification of the 
words." " It appears that in the 
primitive times none were baptized 
but udults.^^ In Art. Anabaptists, 
he represents the German Baptists 
thus : ".What they chiefly sup- 
ported their doctrine on was, those 
words of our Saviour ; He that be- 
lieves and is baptized shall be saved, 
Mark xvi. 16. As none but adults 
are capable of believing, they argued, 
that no others are capable of bap- 
tism, especially as there is no pas- 
sage in all the New Testament, 
where the baptism of infants is clear- 
ly enjoined. Calvin and other ^Titers 
against them, are pretty much em- 
harassed to answer this argument ; 
and are obliged to have recourse to 
tradition and the primitive church." 
CARSON, Alexander, LL.D., 
born at Artrae, twelve miles from 
Tubbermore, in the north of Ire- 
land ; died 24th August, 1844, 
aged 68, at Belfast, after a minis- 
try of 50 years at Tubbermore, 
where he was buried. Rev. G. C. 
Moore his pupil preaching the 
funeral sermon. Among his earlier 
writings was a work on ** The 
figures of speech, in which, says 
his memoir, " he developed the self- 
evident principles in the philosophy 
of language by the aid of which he 
has since been able to clear his way 
through the sophistries that had 
entangled and obscured the image- 
ry of scripture. This work has 
been a standard one on the sub- 
ject of which it treats." Here per- 
haps as well as in any other con- 
nection may be added the list of 
his works, as follows : 



1. Reasons for separating from 
the Synod of Ulster, two editions. 
2. Remarks on a late peistoral ad- 
dress, from the Ministers of the 
Synod of Ulster. 3. A Reply to 
Mr. Brown's Vindication of the 
Presbyterian Form of Church Go- 
verment, in which the order of the 
Apostolic Churches is defended. 
This book is in our possession. It 
is an 8vo of 500 pages, and except- 
ing only the author's peculiarities 
is unanswerable by Presbyterians. 
4. An Answer to Mr. Ewing's At- 
tempt towards a Statement of the 
Doctrine of Scripture respecting 
some disputed points concerning 
Constitution, Government, Wor- 
ship and Discipline of the Church 
of Christ. 5. Remarks on the 
Miracles of Prince Hokenlohe, two 
editions. 6. A View of the Day 
of Judgment as delineated m the 
Scriptures. 7. Strictures on the 
Letter of J; K. L., entitled, " A 
Vindication of the Religious and 
Civil Principles of the Irish Catho- 
lics, addressed to the Lord Lieute- 
nant of Ireland." 8. A Letter to 
the Right Hon. W. C. Plunkett, 
on the Cavan Reformation. 9. The 
Right and Duty of all men to read 
the Scriptures. 10. A Treatise on 
the Figures of Speech, noticed 
above. 11. Review of the Rev. 
Dr. J. Pye Smith's Defence of Dr. 
Haffner's Preface to the Bible, and 
of his denial of part of the Canon, 
and of the full Inspiration of the 
Holy Scriptures. 12. The incom- 
petency of the Rev. Professor Lee 
of Cambridge, for Translating, or 
correcting Translations of the Holy 
Scriptures, proved and illustrated 
in a criticism on his " Remarks on 
Dr. Henderson's Appeal to the Bi- 
ble Society." 13. Answer to the 
Letter of the Rev. Professor Lee, in 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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reply to the Proof and Illustration 
of his incompetency for Translat- 
ing or correcting Translations of 
the Holy Scriptures. 14. Reply 
to Dr. Drommond on the Trinity. 
15. Answer to the article in the 
Edinburgh Presbyterian Review, 
on Mr. Carson's Refutation of Mr. 
Ewing and Dr. Wardlaw on Bap- 
tism, showing the incompetency 
and ignorance of the Reviewer. 16. 
Refutation of the Review in the 
Christian Guardian for January, 
1832, of Mr. Carson's work on the 
Inspiration of the Scriptures. 17. 
Review of the Rev. Mr. Brown's 
work on Baptism. 18. Review of 
the Discussion on the Unitarian 
Controversy, between Rev. John 
Scott Porter and Rev. D. Bagot, 
A. M., held in Belfast, April 1834. 
19. Defence of the Review of 
Mr. Brown's work on Baptism. 20. 
Providence, as unfolded in the 
Book of Esther, 18mo. 21. The 
God of Providence the God of the 
Bible, and the Truth of the iGos- 
pel proved from the Peculiarities 
of its Progress, and from the char- 
acter of God as manifested in the 
atonement, in a Letter to Richard 
Carlisle, 18mo. 3 editions. 22. 
Transubstantiation Subversive of 
the foundations of human belief, 
and therefore incapable of Proof, 
ISmo. 3 editions. 23. Theories, 
of Inspiration, by Dr. Pye Smith, 
Dr. Dick, and Bishop Wilson, ex- 
amined and refuted, and the ver- 
bal Inspiration of the Scriptures 
proved, 18mo. 24. Refutation of 
Dr. Henderson's doctrine in his 
late work on divine Inspiration, 
with a critical discussion on 2(1 
Tim. iii. 16. 18mo. 25. Examina- 
tion of the principles of Biblical 
Interpretation of Ernesti, Ammon, 
Stuart, and other Philologists, pp. 



258, 18mo. 26. Review of Dr. 
John Brown of Edinburgh, on the 
Law of Christ respecting Civil 
obedience, especially in the pay- 
ment of tribute, 18mo. 27. The 
Knowledge of Jesus Christ the 
most excellent of the Sciences, p. 
317, 18mo. 3 editions. 28. Letters 
to the author of an article in the 
Edinburgh Review, on Evan- 
gelical Preaching, 8vo. 29. His- 
tory of Providence, as manifested 
in Scripture, or Tracts from Scrip- 
ture illustrative of the Government 
of God ; with a Defence of the 
Doctrine of Providence and an Ex- 
amination of the Philosophy of 
Dr. Thomas Brown, on that Sub- 
ject, 18mo. 30. Unitarian Myste- 
ry ; or. Reply to Mr. Carmichael's 
Strictures on Mr. Carson's views 
of Inspiration, 8vo. 31. Reply to 
Remarks on Mr. Carson's Treatise 
on Baptism contained in a note in 
Mr. Bickersteth's late work on the 
same subject, 8vo. 32. Baptism 
not Purification, in Reply to Prdsi- 
dent Beecher. 33. Letter to Dr. 
Maclay, or the Reply of the British 
and Foreign Bible Society, to the 
Memorial of the Committee of the 
Baptist Union. 34. Incompetonoy 
of Dr. Henderson as an Umpire on 
the Philology of the word Baptism, 
proved from the unsoundness and 
extravagance of the Principles of 
Interpretation, implied in his let- 
ter to Mr. Brandam with reference 
to that question. 

^' You will be able," says Rev. 
Mr. Moore, in a letter from Tubber- 
more to Dr. Maclay of New- York, 
dated Sept. 27, 1844, soon after Dr. 
Carson's decease ; " You will be able 
in some measure, to calculate the 
loss which the Churches of Christ 
have sustained, when I tell you of 
what he intended to accomplish. 



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After the death of his beloved and 
excellent wife, he told me that he 
never intended to take another 
holiday in this world." " I will," 
said he, " leave them all for hea- 
ven." At another time, he said, 
'* My head is full of books ; I will 
write on till I empty myself." One 
book which he intended to write 
was — ^A Treatise on the Atonement. 
Would that he had been spared to 
execute it. But God's purposes must 
be fulfilled. The eyes of all the 
Presbyterians of this country, with 
a part of the Scotch Church, as well 
as many of other denominations, 
were on him for some time, expect- 
ing this work. At length be con- 
sented to satisfy their wishes. He 
had the subject thoroughly studied 
— ^the plan formed — authors read — 
notes taken — and the book itself 
all but written. When lo! he 
was not, for God took him. He 
intended also to write a book, on 
the best mode of teaching the 
churches. He thought ministers in > 
general lamentably deficient in! 
this matter. When I think of all 
he designed to do, and which he 
could do so well, I am almost over- 
whelmed with sorrow. You will 
be glad to learn that he has left a 
go(^ deal behind him yet unpub- 
lished. He had just completed a 
work on ^the Characteristic fityle\ 
of Scripture^ showing its purity, \ 
simplicity, and sublimity, and con-* 
trarting the God of the Bible, as 
therein displayed, with the gods of 
the heathen as described by their 
poets. He has also left Commen- 
taries cm the EjMstles to the Gala- 
tians, and to the Hebrews, with 
muTf smaller articles."' 

Mr. Carson's course at the Uni- 
Tosity of Glasgow, while a stn- 
dent| indicated his fbtore career of 



learning, popularity, and useful- 
ness. As he graduated with the 
first honour in a large class, among 
whom were Wardlaw of Glasgow, 
and Brown of Langton, who also 
became distinguished as Doctors 
of Divinity, and in replies to 
whom part of his works were ad- 
dressed. He must have graduated 
and entered the ministry young, as 
the author of his memoir says that 
he died at the age of 68 yearn, nft;er 
a ministry of nearly 50 years inTub- 
bermore, which would make him 
about 18 when he began to preaoh. 
He began his ministerial career as 
a Presbyterian, and as his judgment 
began to be matured, and his in- 
vestigations of Scripture developed 
to his mind the model of the New 
Testament ecclesiastical institution, 
he had the decision of character, 
independence of spirit, and suffi- 
cient moral honesty, and courage 
to renounce Presbyterianism, and 
to secede from the Synod of Ulster, 
publishing his reasons as we have 
seen in the title of the first work 
on the list of his publications. His 
meeting-house was vacated by him 
and the first communion with his 
separate church consisting at first 
of sixteen persons, was celebrated 
in a grove. Some of his flock soon 
became Baptists, and he also was 
baptized and established a Baptist 
Chnrch. At first his old friends 
forsook him. except a few of the 
more humble, pious, and honest 
poor, but at his death his chnrch 
consisted of about five hundred 
members, the most learned in the 
Scriptures as a church in gen«aL 
of any church in the British em- 
pire. They generally poaseased 
the martyr spirit of i)r. Cai9on*s 
wife, whose wealthy Presbyterian 
fatiier mged upon his son-in-law 



150 



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HAYNB8' BAPTIST 



C4 



and daughter that they must starve, eaoh other, by oonsumptiou. They 
and that ho would abandon them , departed in the triumphs of faith, 
and their children when their ca-jOne of them, when expiring, said, 
lamity should befall them as the I '' Father, grieve not for me, I am 



result of their becoming Baptists, 
she said, ^' Father, God feeds the 
young ravens as they cry unto him; 
and I cannot believe, that while 
we are striving to do his will, he 
will let the young Carsons starve." 
^' He was peculiarly happy in his 
family," says his biographer. " His 
wife was truly a companion and 
helper, cheering him on in his toils, 
sustaining him in his trials, and 
taking upon herself the entire 
management of his domestic con- 
cerns. She was also useful to him 
in his studies, by finding the quo- 
tations he required, and reading 
them while he wrote. She has 
gone to the world of spirits a little 
before hini. He was exceedingly 
careful to train up his children in 
the nurture and admonition of the 
Lord. He conducted their educa- 
tion himself, and experienced the 
liberal fulfilment of the divine pro- 
mise, that those who have been 
early educated in the fear of God, 
will jiot, in after years, depart from 
it. 1:11 s was a happiness that falls 
to tlie lot of few parents. He lived 
to see all his children, thirteen in 
number, converted to God, and 
openly confessing their faith in 
Christ, by following him into the 
baptismal grave. He was also 
called to experience the sorrows of 
a father and the joys of a Christian, 
in the happy death of some of 
them. His son. Dr. Carson of 
Coleraine, died of brain fever, just 
as he was about to be ordained to 
the pastoral office, and only two 
weeks after he had written a me 
moir of his two sisters, who were 



only going before." It was even 
so! Father, mother, son, daugh- 
ter, have now united in their ^1- 
lelujahs before the throne of God 
and the Lamb. For such mercy 
bestowed on fallen humanity, let 
God have all the praise ! " 

To extend this article would 
scarcely be consonant with the 
plan oi this work, but some addi- 
tional facts can not well be omitted, 
in justice to the memory of this 
great light of Israel. The author 
of his memoir says : '^ What shall 
I say of such a man ? For the 
last fifty years or more he was 
never known to be idle one day. 
He laboured hard for knowledge. 
What shall I say of him as a 
scholar and critic? Viewed in 
this light, he was above either 
praise or censure. The grand pe- 
culiarity of his mind was critical 
acu7nen. He always saw to the 
bottom of any subject he under- 
took to handle. The foundations 
of his reasonings were laid, either 
in self-evident truths, or in explicit 
statements from the Holy Scrip- 
tures ; while his honesty of heart 
would not allow him to deviate a 
single iota from truth, to accom- 
plish any sectarian object. What 
shall I say of him as a Christian ? 
Only this, that with all hi^^ 
classical, philological, and philoso- 
phical acquirements, he had espe- 
cially learned the humility of his 
lowly Master. With the colossal 
statue of a giant, he possessed the 
meekness and simplicity of a child. 
May we all in this respect imitate 
his example. What shall I say of 



removed within a short time of I him as a theologian and a minis 



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161 



ter ? Nothing. Let his works and 
his church speak for him. May I 
not safely challenge the world to 
produce such a church ? In know- 
ledge and understanding of the 
Scriptures, its members could 
teach many a minister. And is it 
possible that such a man should 
ever be forgotten ? Never, till the 
last trumpet sounds. In our Ga- 
zetteer under Tubbermore, his 
church will be noticed. See his 
Memoir prefixed to his work on 
Baptism. Ed. Am. Bap. Pub. Soc. 
Philad. 1848. This Memoir de- 
serves to be published in a separate 
standard book, and, upon the 
whole, is the best published by 
that society, although it has issued 
numerous biographies and memoirs. 
It would be interesting to notice 
Dr. Carson's connection with the 
English Baptist Missionary, Bible 
Society, and Educational enterpri- 
ses, which will be reserved for its 
appropriate department 

CAilTER, Robert Esq., once a 
member of the Virginia Executive 
Council, and on that account, com- 
monly called counsellor Carter, 
was baptized by Mr. Lunsford, 
shortly after he began to preach 
in these parts. He was one of the 
richest men in the State of Virgi- 
nia, haying, as many say, seven 
or eight hundred negroes, besides 
immense bodies of land, &c. But 
being a man naturally of an un- 
stable disposition, and falling in 
with certain Arminian writings, 
he fully embraced their doctrines. 
Had he stopped here, he might 
have still continued in the Baptist 
Sooiety, though not so happy as be- 
fore. But, alas ! there are so ma- 
ny wrong roads in religious pur- 
suits, that when a man once gets 
wrong, it is impossible to foresee 



where he will stop. From the 
Arminian errors, Mr. Carter fell 
into the chimerical whims of Swe- 
denborg. When he first heard of 
the books of that singular author, 
he made very light of them ; but 
upon reading them, having a mind 
naturally fond of specious novelty, 
he fully embraced the whole of 
that absurd system, and weus, of 
course, excluded from the Baptists, 
He was now eus zealous for the 
New Jerusalem Church, eus he had 
been formerly for the Baptists. He 
moved to Baltimore, in order to 
find a preacher and a society of his 
own sentiments, and expended 
large sums of money to have Swe- 
denborg's writings republished. 
He continued orderly in moral 
conduct, and died a few years 
since, after having lived, to a con- 
siderable age. Baptist Library. 

CAMPBELL, Alexander. Au- 
thor of the following works: 1, 
Debate on Baptism, between him- 
self and Rev. Mr. Walker, a Seces- 
sion Presbyterian. 1820. 3d Ed. 
with Strictures on Dr. Ralston, and 
an Appendix on the Covenants. 
1822. His Debate with Rev. W. 
L. Macalla, a Presbyterian minis- 
ter. 1823. His Christian Baptist, 
begun as a monthly, 1823 ; con- 
tinued seven years, and stereotyped 
in one volume, 600 pp. 8vo. Cin- 
cinnati. His Millenial Harbinger, 
a monthly, continued now twenty 
years. Several editions of a ver- 
sion of the English New Testa- 
ment, compiled by him from Drs. 
Campbell, Macknight, and Dodd- 
ridge, have been published by 
Fisher & Son. Wheeling, Va. 
Also, several editions of a Hymn 
Book. Besides his Debates oa In- 
fidelity with Robert Owen, of Sooir 
land, and on Baptism with *^ 



152 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ga 



Rice, of the Presbyterian Church, 
he has published Christianity 
Restored ; the same under the title 
of The Christian System ; several 
editions. Also, Infidelity Refuted 
by Infidels ; a work on Sprinkling ; 
Tracts for the People, stereotyped, 
and other less considerable works. 

He and his father, Thomas 
Campbell, emigrated from Scot- 
land early in the beginning of 
the present century, as Presbyte- 
rian Ministers, and settled in Buf- 
faloe, Washington Co., Pa.; and 
afterwards at Bethany, Brooke 
Co., Va., a few miles from Bufia- 
loe. In 1812 they were immersed, 
joined Baptist Churches, which, in 
1813, united with Redstone Bap- 
tist Association, of which Alexan- 
der Campbell was clerk. After- 
wards his church united with 
Western Reserve Baptist Associa- 
tion. The tendencies of the Messrs. 
Campbell to become Reformers, 
were developed in 1808 or 1809, 
and in 1823 assumed a distinctive 
form, which, in respect to the effi- 
cacy of Baptism, is analogous to 
Puseyism, but unlike it in any 
other particular, more resembling 
those of the Scotch Baptists. It 
is our business simply to note 
the titles of his works. In another 
connection, under Art. Bethany, in 
our Gazetteer, we may devote an 
article to him and his Reformation, 
as also Art. Bethany College. 

CRAIG, Elijah was one of the 
first converts to the Baptist preach- 
ing in Virginia. When Mr. Sam- 
uel Harris came and preached an 
experience of grace in Pittsylvania, 
he found his heart could testify to 
the truth of it, having some time 
previously experienced a change 
which he had not viewed as con- 
version, but only the encourage- 



ment of Heaven to go on seeking. 
He was now so strengthened, that 
in conjunction with certain young 
converts in his neighborhood, who 
were of the Regular Baptists, he 
undertook to exhort, &c., and to 
hold little meetings in the neigh- 
borhood. His tobacco-house was 
their chapel. Being most of them 
laboring men, they used to labor 
all day, and hold meeting almost 
every night at each other s houses, 
and on Sundays at the above men- 
tioned tobacco-house. By these 
little prayer and exhortation meet- 
ings, great numbers were awaken- 
ed and several converted. 

Mr. Craig was one of the consti- 
tuents of the Upper Spottsylvania 
church : he was also one of those 
who were afterwards dismissed 
from it, to form the church on Blue 
Run, over which he was soon after- 
wards ordained pastor. He was 
certainly a great blessing to Blue 
Run church: for under his care 
they flourished. He was account- 
ed a preacher of considerable ta- 
lents for that day ; which, united 
to his zeal, honored him with the 
attention of his persecutors. They 
sent the sheriff and posse after him 
when at his plough. He was 
taken and carried before the magis- 
trates of Culpepper. They, without 
hearing arguments, pro or ccm, or- 
dered him to jail; at court, he 
with others was arraigned. One 
of the lawyers told the court, they 
had better discharge them ; for 
that oppressing them, would rather 
advance than retard them. He 
said they were like a bed of cha- 
momile, the more they were trod, 
the more they would spread. The 
court thought otherwise, and were 
determined to imprison them. 
Some of the court were of opinion, 



Ca 



CYCLOPiEDIA. 



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153 



that they ought to he confined in 
a close dungeon ; hut the majority 
were for giving them the hounds. 
After staying there one month, 
preaching to all who came, he gave 
bond for good behavior and came 
out. He was also confined in 
Orange jail at another time. 

He was a preacher of usefulness 
for many years after he commenc- 
ed ; hut finally falling too much 
into land speculations, his minis- 
try was greatly hindered. In 1786 
he moved to Kentucky, where, con- 
tinuing his land speculations, that 
bewildering pursuit, which has ru- 
ined the reputation and usefulness 
of so many in Kentucky and else- 
where, he became obnoxious to the 
church, and was excommunicated 
ia 1791. How long he stayed out 
is not known. He was, however, re- 
stored, and continued in the church 
until the year 1808, when he died. 

He was naturally of a censori- 
ous temper ; and always seemed 
better pleased to find out the faults, 
than the virtues of mankind. This, 
however, so long as he was warm 
in religion, was checked by a su- 
perior principle; but after he de- 
cUned in his religious exercises, 
and became a land speculator, he 
could seldom be pleased. As good 
a proof as any that can be named, 
of this peevish temper, may be ga- 
thered from two pamphlets, his 
only writings that have ever been 
published. In the one, he under- 
took to prove that stationed preach- 
ers or pastors of churches are pre- 
cluded by scriptures, from receiv- 
ing any compensation for their ser- 
vices. In this pamphlet, he takes 
so many opportunities to condemn 
preachers for being money-seekers, 
that it would seem the main de- 
sign of the publication was, to in- 



dulge a fault-finding temper. His 
other pamphlet was a personal 
phillipic against Jacob Creath, on 
account of some private dispute 
between Creath and a Mr. Lewis ; 
the former the pastor, and the 
latter, one of the principal mem- 
bers of the Town-Fork church, in 
the neighborhood of Lexington. 
Without saying any thing about 
the merits of the case, or the pro- 
vocation given by Mr. Creath, can- 
dor compels us to say, that no pro- 
vocation can justify the style of 
this pamphlet. It is written with 
a pen dipped in poison. The Bap- 
tists are a free people ; and every 
one in these matters, says and does 
that which seemeth right in his own 
eyes ; but it is to be hoped, that the 
present, nor any other generation, 
I will ever witness another publica- 
tion, written in the style and tem- 
per of the above pamphlet ; and 
that, too, by one Baptist preacher 
against another. Baptist Ijxbrary. 

CAMPBELL, Jesse H., of 
Twiggs County, Greorgia, author 
of Georgia Baptists : Historical 
and Biographical. Richmond : 
H. K. Ellyson. 1847. 

CARTLEDGE, Samuel, was 
bom in North Carolina, on Pedee, 
in June, 1750. His father remov- 
ed to Columbia county, (or rather 
to that portion now so called,) 
about 1763. He was deeply con- 
victed under the exhortation given 
by Mrs. Marshall, (wife of Daniel 
Marshall,) in 1771, when her hus- 
band was arrested for preaching in 
St. Paul's parish, and was baptized 
by him in 1777. He was deacon 
of Eiokee church some years, and 
was present at the constitution of 
Fishing creek church, in 1783, and 
j of the Georgia Association in 1785. 
I He commenced preaching about 



154 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ga 



1789, was ordained by A. Marshall 
and S. Walker, and soon removed 
to South Carolina, where he was 
pastor of Plumb Branch church 
about half a century. Mr. Cart- 
ledge visited Columbia county in 



CHALMERS, Thomas, D. D., 
L. L. D., Professor of Theology in 
the University of Edinburgh, and 
Corresponding Member of the Roy- 
al Institute of France. As this 
great Scotch Presbyterian departed 



1843 on horseback, and preached j this life so recently, and the know- 
as usual ; but in starting for home | ledge of himself and his works is 
was thrown from his horse, and so so fresh in the public mind of 



much injured as to survive but a 
short time. He was ninety-three 
years of age and had been in the 
ministry over fifty years. 

Dr. Cartledge, who arrested Dan- 
iel Marshall and took him to An- 
gusta for trial, was afterwards bap- 
tized by Mr. Marshall, and lived 
inany years with him in church re- 
lations. How will grace subdue 
our enmity, and make friends of 
the bitterest enemies ! This is the 
province of the glorious gospel. Sin 



Christendom, it is simply appro- 
priate to quote his testimony, in 
his Lectures on the Epistle of Paul, 
the Apostle, to the Romans, New- 
York Ed. 1848, where ho says, in 
Lecture xxx. Rom. vi. 3, 4 : " The 
original meaning of the word bap- 
tism is immersion^ and though we 
regard it as a point of indifferency, 
whether the ordinance so named be 
performed in this way, or by 
sprinkling, yet we doubt not that 
from the prevalent style of the ad- 



separates the strongest friendships ; i ministration in the Apostles' days, 
but grace unites in bonds of afiec- 1 was by an actual submerging of 
tion that nothing can sunder. What | the whole body underwater. We l' 

i! 



a pleasing sight it must have been 
to the spectators on the banks of 
the Kiokee, when he who had for- 
merly laid his hands on the minis- 
ter of salvation, saying, " You are 
my prisoner," was now led gently 
into the baptismal waters by that 
same minister, and buried in the 
name of the Trinity, in the hope 
of a blessed resurrection ! Many a 
tear no doubt fell on that occasion, 
when the meek preacher was re- 
paying his persecutor with good 
will, and trying to help him on to- 
wards heaven. CampbelVs Geor- 
gia Baptists. 

CHASTAIN. For biographies 
of this Virginia Baptist Minister, 
also of Nathaniel Chambles, Jere- 
miah Chandler, Rufus Chandler, 
Eleazar Clay, Richard Claybrook, 
and Lewis Craig, see Taylor's 
Lives of Virginia Baptist Ministers. 



advert to this for the purpose of 
throwing light on the analogy that 
is instituted in these verses, Jesus 
Christ, by death, underwent this 
sort of baptism — even immersion 
under the surface of the ground, 
whence he soon emerged again by 
His resurrection. We, by being 
baptised into this death, are con- 
ceived to have made a similar 
translation. In the act of de- 
scending under the water, to have 
resigned an old life, and in the 
act of ascending, to emerge into a 
second, or new, life — along the 
course of which it is our part to 
maintain a strenuous avoidance of 
that sin, which as good as ex- 
punged the being that we had 
formerly; and a strenuous prose- 
cution of that holiness, which 
should begin with the first mo- 
ment that we were ushered into 



Ca 



CYOLOPiEDIA. 



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155 



our present being, and be perpetu- 1 
ated, and make progress toward; 
the perfection of full and ripened ■ 
immortality." p. 152. Elsewhere 
his testimony to the piety, learn- 
ing, talent, and religious enter- 
prise of his cotemporary British 
Baptists, will be introduced. 

CALLAWAY, Francis, Sen., 
removed from Bedford, Va., to 
Wilkes county, Georgia, and then j 
to Pendleton, S. C. He began to | 
preach in 1795, and settled him-' 
self in Franklin county in 1805. 
Was pastor of Hunter's creek, Ga. 
and of Liberty and Clark's creek, 
S. C. His son. Rev. Francis Gal- 
laway, Jr., was moderator of the 
Sarepta Association, and also of 
Liberty Association, Alabama. He [ 
is one of the most devoted and 
useful preachers in the Southern 
States. CamphelVs Georgia Bap- 
lists. 

CLAY, Joseph, Rev. and Hon. ; 
The author has been at much 
trouble in endeavoring to obtain 
such an account of this great and 
good man, as he would feel war- 
ranted in placing before the pub- 
lic, and as would occupy a con- 
spicuous place in this work. Most 
of those to whom he has applied 
have failed to come to his assist- 
ance. He would mention with 
gratitude, as an exception to this 
remark. Honorable John M. Ber- 
rien, to whom he is mainly in- 
debted for the following brief, but 
deeply interesting account. 

Mr. Clay was a native Geor- 
gian, and was bom in the city of 
Savannah, August 16, 1764. Mr. 
Berrien says, "I knew him well ; 
he was the friend of my father, 
and my legal preceptor. At his 
own request, I lived in his family 
in the country, while engaged in 



the prosecution of my law studies, 
and had therefore an opportunity 
of knowing and appreciating his 
many virtues. He was descended 
from one of the oldest and most re- 
spectable families in our State, and 
was himself possessed of talents of 
the highest order. He was liberal- 
ly educated, and received the first 
honor in the class of which he 
was a member, at the college of 
Princeton, where he graduated* 
When many years afterwards, (Mr. 
Berrien continues,) I became a 
student of that institution and a 
member of the Diosophic Society, 
with which he also had been as- 
sociated, his name was still cher- 
ished with affectionate regard, and . 
the records of the society bore tes- 
timony to the estimation in which 
he had been held, while at Prince- 
ton. Returning to Georgia, he en- 
tered upon the study of the law, 
and having been admitted to the 
bar, soon rose to the highest emi- 
nence in his profession. He was 
particularly distinguished as an ad- 
vocate, and especially in criminal 
cases. I remember even at this 
distance of time, and with as vivid 
a recollection as if it were an oc- 
currence of yesterday, the efieot 
produced by a speech of his, in a 
case of this description. It is the 
only instance in my life, in which 
I have seen, in its whole extent 
and resistless influence, the power 
of eloquence. So far as my obser- 
jvation extended, there was not a 
I single individual in a crowded au- 
jditory, who could command his 
I feelings. At the commencement 
of the trial, the popular feeling 
was strongly excited against the 
accused, but an instant acquittal 
was the result; and when the 
trial was ended, men wondered at 



156 Ca HAYNES' baptist Ca 

tUe means by which such result i blood of the Redeemer. He la- 
had been accomplished. | bored, for a considerable time, on- 

" Mr. Clay was a leading mem- i der great jnental depression ; but 
her of the convention which formed | when at length he was enabled to 
the preii;ent (constitution of Georgia, discern the path of duty, he did 
The original draught was carefully not hesitate to pursue it He re- 
prepared by him in his retirement, signed his judicial office, and de- 
but the convention met in times of voted himself to the ministry, with 
high party excitement, from the a persuasive eloquence, but yet 
then recent controversy about the more, with a sincere, and humble 
sale ot* our western lands, common- but ardent piety, which was, I 
ly denominated the Yazoo hinds, trust, by the blessing of Grod, ef- 
and the plan of government, sub- , ficient in the salvation of many 
mitted by Mr. Clay, received va- ' souls. In concluding this hurried 
rious modifications, which di- 1 and very imperfect sketch, I can 
minished its value. jonly add, that among those with 

" Mr. Clay was called from his ! whom it has been my fortune to ; 
retirement, (in what precise year I be associated in life, he stands pre- 
do not recollect,) to fill the office of eminently distinguished for his ta- 
district judge of the United States lents, his virtues, and his piet}'; 
for the district of Georgia, and pre- and that his affection, his kindness, 
sided in that court for several : and his counsels, are among my 
years, with distinguished ability ' most valued recollections." 
and with universal approbation. It is with singular pleasure the 
But he was destined, in the provi- author records the above testimony 
dence of God, to a higher sphere of Georgia s most disiingui$hed 
of action. Mr. Clay had always ; soti, concerning one of the most 
been a moral man. His disposi- 1 gifted men ever connected with 
tion was peculiarly amiable, and | our denomination in this country, 
he was distinguished by a warm I From other sources, the foUow- 
and active benevolence. These, <ing additional facts have been 
combined with his social qualities, \ gathered. It was under the minis- 
made him an object of universal try of Dr. Holcombe, that Mr. 
affection and respect in the com- , Clay was converted, and by him 
munity in which he lived. If any was baptized. He was brought up 
one ot* that community had been under Episcopal influence, and, 
requested to point to a man of; even after he professed hope in 
blameless conduct, he would have | Christ, was much perplexed on the 
been designated. He alone did : subject of baptism. At one time 
not concur in this judgment, j he was conversing with the elder 
While he was yet actively engaged i Fuller, of Beaufort, on the subject, 
in his judicial duties, the subject land came to the conclusion that he 
of religion presented itself to his | would throw aside all books except 
mind and engrossed his thoughts. | the Bible, and search that only. 
He became deeply impressed with His psedobaptist friends drew the 
a sense of his own unworthiness, very natural inference, " Then 
and was happily enabled to seek ; he'll be a Baptist." So it turned 
and to find relief in the atoning | out; for he was baptized and li- 



Ce 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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157 



censed in 1802, at Savannah, and 
ordained in 1804 by Messrs. Fur- 
man, Cook, and Holcombe. 

He preached in most of the ci- 
ties of the United States, and final- 
ly settled in Boston, the successor 
of Rev. Dr. Stillman. But his 
race was short, having died in that 
city, January 11, 1811. Mr. Clay 
was a ripe scholar, a profound ju- 
rist, a persuasive orator, a refined 
gentleman, an humble christian. 
His family connexions are nume- 
rous and highly respectable. The 
Rev. Joseph Clay Styles^ a Presby- 
terian minister, "whose good re- 
port is in all the churches," (now 
pastor of a church in Richmond, 
Virginia,) is a nephew of Mr. Clay. 
— Georgia Baptists. 

CHEYNE, George, M. D. A 
very learned and celebrated physi- 
cian and most voluminous author. 
He published among other works 
— An essay on Health and Long 
Life, Lond. 1725, 8vo., in which, 
pp. 100-101, he says : — " I cannot 
forbear recommending cold bath- 
ing, and I cannot sufficiently ad- 
mire how it should ever come into 
such disuse, especially among 
Christians, when conmianded by 
the greatest law-giver that ever 
was, under the direction of God's 
Holy Spirit, to his chosen people, 
and perpetuated to us in the tVn- 
mersion at Baptism by the same 
Spirit, who with infinite wisdom, 
in this, as in everything else that 
regards the temporal felicity of his 
creatures, combines their duty with 
their happiness." See Booth, p. 
159. It is indeed singular that 
all medical professors and practiti- 
oners in all ages, nations, climates 
and seasons, recommend bathing 
in cold water, which is found to be 
not only pleasant, but beneficial to 



the greatest invalids; and how 
many object to immersion as a 
Christian institute, that it hazards 
the health and life ? 

CLEAVER, Robert. A Psedo- 
baptist author of several works; 
in some of which his name is asso- 
ciated in the title with William 
Flinde, and in others with the 
name of John Don. See Dod, 
John, and in Bib. Brit. Articles 
Cleaver and Don. A work enti- 
tled. The Patrimony of Christian 
Children, by Dod and Cleaver, 
was published in Lond. 1624. See 
Hanbury's Memorials. 

CLEVELAND, John. APaedo- 
baptist author of — A Treatise on 
Infant Baptism. Ipswich, Mass., 
1784. 

CLEVELAND, John, A native 
of Virginia, settled himself in Pen- 
dleton district. South Carolina, in 
1782, on Tugalo river, near the 
Georgia line. He was instrumen- 
tal in originating the Chaugie 
church during the next year. In 
1815 this church reports to the as- 
sociation one hundred and fifty-five 
baptized ; total two hundred and 
sixty-five. Mr. Cleveland did not 
reside in our State, but his labors 
were abundant among the churches 
of the Tugalo Association, most of 
which were located in Georgia. At 
the session of 1819, were four aged 
patriarchal ministers, whose Reads 
were whitened with the snows of 
fourscore winters, viz : John Cleve- 
land^ Dozier Thornton, John 
White, and Francis Callaway, Sr. 
Mr. Cleveland died soon after. — 
CampheWs Georgia Baptists. 

CICERO, Marcus Tullius. It 

might seem quite singular that the 

name of this celebrated Roman 

orator and poet, should stand at 

ithe head of an article in this work, 



158 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Co 



who died 43 years before the 
Christian era, in his 64th year. 
In a catalogue of his works, and 
their various editions and transla- 
tions, which would fill not less 
than twelve pages of this work, 
we find printed with his works 
— Per Baptismam de Tortis, edi- 
tions 1479, 1481, 1482, 1487, with 
commentaries on it, and various 
other editions at Venice, Paris, 
Oxford, Lond., &c. Something 
may be proved from this work 
on the literal and figurative 
meaning of Baptism in its Latin- 
ized use. Bib. Brit. 

CHIDLEY, Samuel. A Pado- 
baptist author. Of his works, one 
was entitled — The Separatists An- 
swer to the Anabaptists' Arguments 
concerning Baptism, Lond. 1651, 
4to. Bib. Brit. 

CHILES, James. A minister of 
the Separate Baptists, first in Vir- 
ginia and then in South Carolina. 
Previous to his conversion he was 
exceeding wild, profane, and ad- 
dicted to fighting and gambling. 
Ho was eccentric, and inclined to 
be superstitious even after he en- 
tered the ministry. By his instru- 
mentality however, the gospel was 
first introduced into Blue Run, 
and also Albemarle county, Virgi- 
nia, where his labors were very 
successful. He also planted a 
Church in South Carolina. The 
manner of his death was remark- 
able. He seems to have been 
overwhelmed with melancholy on 
account of severe misfortunes in 
his temporal affairs, and in appa- 
rent health, went to a house and 
told the lady that he had received 
divine evidence that he had come 
there to die that day, which really 
occurred. Thus ended the life of 
a most unpolished but useful mi 



nister. See Baptist Library, vol 1, 
p. 291. 

CHILTON, Richard. Author 
of — Some Observations on a small 
pamphlet, published by the Rev. 
I Mr. John Lewis, of Margate ; en- 
i titled, A Vindication of the An- 
i cient Britains, and the Pighards of 
I Bohemia from the False Accusa- 
Ition of being Anabaptists, &c. 
! Lond. 1748, 8vo. Bib. Brit. 
[ COLEYNE. Archbishop of. 
! One incumbent of these dignita- 
ries is represented as author of— 
Institution of Baptism. Lond. 
8vo. No date is given. Bib. Brit. 

COCCEIUS, or COCK, John, 
Professor of Hebrew at Rheims, 
where he was born, 1603; died 
1669. He published numerous 
learned and critical works in La- 
tin, chiefly biblical, and among 
them one entitled — De Fcedere et 
Testamento Dei Cum Homine 
Disputationes. xlvii. Frank. 1648, 
12mo; and — Summa Doctrinse, 
de Fcedere et Testamento Dei. 
Ludg. Bat. 8vo. Genevae, 1665, 
4to, which is quoted as follows, 
c. vi. § 209 : "We are buried with 
him by Baptism into death. Rom. 
vi. 3. 4, 5. We are Baptised into 
death, by which the servitude of 
sin is laid aside, and thus a seal 
of our communion with him is be- 
stowed on us, that we may be con- 
sidered as buried with him. In 
baptism there is a resemblance of 
our Lord's death." "The sacra- 
ments, properly speaking, were in- 
stituted for believers, and given to 
them, Rom. vii., that is, for those 
* who hunger and thirst after 
righteousness.^ ^^ In cap. xii. 352, he 
says : " Except a man be bom of 
the water and the Spirit^ that is, 
by the imputation of the merit 
of Christ, and the power of the 



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159 



My Spirit." Booth, pp. 62, 183, 
{56. 

CORVINUS, Anthony. Author 
)f De miserabiii Monasteriensium 
Inabaptistarum, obsidione, exci- 
lio, memorabilibus rebus tempore 
)bsidionis in urbe gestis, Episto- 
a. Viteb. 1536, 4to. Basil, 1541, 
}vo. Arg. 1548. Bib. Brit. Bene- 
lict, p. 264, quotes us as dating 
his work, Wittemb. 1526, which 
s an error, perhaps typographical. 

COLLINS, William, was co- 
)astorof a Baptist Church in Lond. 
n connexion with Dr. Nehemiah 
I!oxe. After obtaining the esteem 
)f Busby, young Collins travelled 
n France and Italy, and on re- 
urning to his own country, reject- 
d every oflPer that was made him 
o join the establishment, " for it 
^as conscience, not honor, that 
nade hin^a dissenter." In his fu- 
leral sermon, which was printed 
n London in 1702, it is said, that 
laving set apart a day of fasting 
ind prayer, in order to seek divine 
lid as to the disposal of himself in 
;he exercise of the ministry, on 
:hat very evening he received an 
nvitation to settle as a pastor, from 
i church which lay in that part of 
London called Petty France. The 
[X)incidence made a favorable im- 
pression on his mind, and a con- 
nexion was formed which continu- 
ed to his death. The foregoing is 
copied from Hague's Church Trans- 
planted, appendix ; pp. 160-161. 
Walter Wilson says : " We know 
nothing more of this person, than 
that he published a small volume 
of sermons, six in number, and 
that he was settled in Petticoat- 
Lane in 1748. His successor was 
Thomas Davis." This must 
have been the same William 
Collins. 



COLLINS, Hercules, Author of 
— Antidote to the Prevalency of 
Anabaptism. Lond. 1673, 4 to. 2. 
A Discourse on Job iii. 17-19. 
Lond. 1684, 4to. 3. The Antidote 
proved a Counterfeit, or error de- 
tected, and Believer's Baptism 
Vindicated. Lond. 1693. 4. The 
Temple Repaired; a Sermon on 2 
Tim. ii. 15. Lond. 1702, 8vo. 
Bib. Brit. From the titles of the 
first and third of the above works, 
it would seem that Mr. Collins 
was first a Paedobaptist, and sub- 
sequently, a Baptist. Mr. Bene- 
dict omits all of the foregoing, but 
gives the following: 5. Believ- 
ers' Baptism from Heaven and of 
Divine Institution ; Infant Bap- 
tism from earth and of human In- 
stitution. In answer to Mr. John 
Wells' work entitled Baptism Ana- 
tomised, in which he says of the 
Baptists, "their baptism is not 
from heaven, but will-worship, 
being received from one Mr. 
Smyth, who baptized himself,'' 
&c. 1691. Benedict, 159. 

CONRIUS, Florentine, a na- 
tive Irishman, author of — ^De Statu 
Parvulorum sine Baptismo dece- 
dentium, Lon. 1624, 4to.Paris,1641. 
Bib. Brit. 

COLLINGES, or COLLINGS, 
John. A non-conformist of Eng- 
land, died 1690. He was a volumi- 
nous writer, and published — The 
Improveableness of Water-Bap- 
tism ; in a Discourse concerning 
the gravity and seriousness of the 
action, and the usefulness of its 
sound institution. Lond. 1681, 4to. 
Bib. Brit. 

COOKE, P. Author of— History 
of Anabaptism. Massachusetts, 
1846. An inconsiderable work, not 
very creditable to its Paedobaptist 
author. Benedict, page 926, note. 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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COOK, Joseph. Mr. Cook was 
bom of pious parents in the city 
of Bath, Somersetshire, England, 
and called by divine grace in the 
early part of his life, under the mi- 
nistry of the late celebrated and 
much esteemed Rev. George 
Whitefield, at the chapel of the 
late Countess Dowager of Hunt- 
ingdon, at Bath. Mr. Whitefield 
was exceedingly kind to him, and 
often took him out with him in his 
carriage to converse with him about 
divine things. As he very soon 
gave clear evidence, not only of a 
sound conversion, but also that he 
had ministerial gifts. Lady Hunt- 
ingdon, who had a great regard for 
him, which continued to her dying 
day, sent him in the nineteenth^ 
year of his age, to her college atj 
Treveca, in Brecknockshire, South j 
Wales. Here he applied himself; 
closely to his studies, and made 
considerable improvement. He 
was much esteemed by his tutors 
and fellow-students, being of a 
good obliging temper; but what 
most endeared him was his lively, 
spiritual turn of mind, and his rea- 
diness to help and comfort any 
who were in trouble. His very 
first excursion in the villages to ex- 
ercise his gifts, the Lord owned, so 
that he preached with acceptance 
and success. 

In September, 1771, Lady Hunt- 
ingdon received a sensible anony- 
mous letter, requesting her to send 
a minister to Margate, in the Isle 
of Thanet, describing it as a licen- 
tious place, particularly at the wa- 
tering season. She made known 
the contents of it to one of her se- 
nior students, Mr. William Ald- 
ridge, and gave him the liberty of 
choosing any student he pleased 
in the college to accompany and 



assist him in this important work. 
He fixed upon Mr. Cook, who cor- 
dially approved of the design. Pre- 
parations, therefore, were made for 
the journey, and after taking an 
affectionate leave of all the college, 
attended with many hearty pray- 
ers for their safety and prosperiiy, 
they proceeded to the place of ac- 
tion. Being utterly unknown to 
any person at Margate, they began 
to preach out of doors. Many at- 
tended and not in vain. Several 
were savingly wrought upon, and 
turned from the error of their 
ways, while old professors were 
stirred up, who seemed to have 
settled upon their lees; and now 
these itinerants preached not only 
at Margate, but at many other pla- 
ces in the Isle of Thanet. 

About this time, many persons 
in Dover, not satisfied * with Mr. 
Wesley's ministers and doctrine, 
having left his meeting, and as- 
sembled in a private room for ex- 
hortation and prayer, sent a very 
pressing invitation to Messrs. Ald- 
ridge and Cook, which they accept- 
ed. The former preached at Do- 
ver for the first time, in the market 
place, on a Sabbath day, but met 
with great opposition. A Presby- 
terian meeting-house, which had 
been shut up for a considerable 
time, was therefore procured by 
the persons who had given them 
the invitation, in which Mr. Ald- 
ridge and his colleague ever after 
wards preached, while they conti- 
nued at Dover. It was now agreed 
on by all parties, that Messrs. 
Aldridgeand Cook should supply 
Margate and Dover constantly, and 
change every week : accordingly 
Mr. Cook came to Dover, and 
preached on the next Tuesday 
evening. His first text was Heb. 



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161 



i. 3, " How shall we. escape if we 
leglect so great salvation." Many 
attended, and were much struck at 
the sight of such a youth, who de- 
livered his discourse extempore, 
which was a new thing to most of 
them. This sermon, was, he be- 
lieves, peculiarly blessed to Mr. 
At wood, now one of the Baptist 
ministers at Falkstone in Kent, so 
that he was obliged to say, *' Here 
is a man that has told me all things 
that ever I did : surely he is a ser- 1 
vant of Christ." Mr. Cook conti-; 
aued to supply Dover in his turn, i 
for some time, and was remark-: 
ably useful in winning souls to ! 
Christ. Mr. Cook and Mr. Ald- 
ridge preached occasionally at 
Deal ; and at Falkstone their word 
was signally blessed to many, se- 
veral of whom afterwards joined 
the Baptist interest, and one of 
them became a deacon in Mr. At- 
wood's church. 

Two years after, the students 
were called in from all parts of the 
country to the college in Wales, to 
form a mission for North America, 
as very pleasing and encouraging 
letters had been received by Lady 
Huntingdon, desiring her to send 
faithful and zealous ministers 
thither. She therefore willingly 
entered into the plan, laying the 
whole of it before the students, 
with her earnest request that they 
would take the same into mature 
consideration, and especially make 
it a matter of prayer; and that 
then, those who saw their way 
dear to go, would declare it. At 
length, Mr. Cook, with others, free- 
ly offered themselves for this ser- 
vice, came up to London, and re- 
lated their views of this work be- 
fore many thousands in the taber- 
nacle, Moorfields, and elsewhere ; 



an account of which was printed. 
After taking a very affecting fare- 
well, they embarked for America, 
with the Rev. Mr. Percy, who af- 
terwards returned and had a meet- 
ing house at Woolwich in Kent. 

However, the ship was detained 
in the Downs by contrary wind. 
Mr. Cook, being so near, wished to 
see his friends at Dover once more. 
He went therefore unexpectedly, 
and preached a lecture, which was 
remarkably owned. Several of his 
fellow-students also went the next 
Sabbath to Dover to preach. A 
fair and brisk gale sprung up in 
the night; the ^hip sailed, and 
they were all left behind. Two 
of them remained in England, Mr. 
Henry Mead, a minister now be- 
longing to the establishment, in 
London, and Mr. William White, 
since deceased. Mr. Cook, with 
the rest, were yet determined on 
the voyage, and prosecuted the 
plan. On their arrival in Ame- 
rica, as they had all preached in 
England, and considered them- 
selves authorized to do so upon 
their general plan, they travelled 
about the country, and preached 
with much acceptance among se- 
rious Christians of every denomina- 
tion, but particularly among the 
Baptists, whom he found in a live- 
ly state of religion at that time. 
Though these students, were com- 
monly considered as belonging to 
the Episcopal church, then the es- 
tablished religion of the southern 
colonies, and seemed fond to keep 
up this idea among the populace, 
yet they generally appeared pleased 
with the company and conversa- 
tion of the Baptists ; and the most 
of them gave it to be understood, 
that they had received convictions 
respecting the justice and propriety 



162 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Oo 



of the Baptists' distinguishing sen- 
timents, which, hy one or two of 
the students, was represented to 
have arisen from the introduction 
of a young man of Baptist princi- 
ples into the Countess' seminary 
at Wales, whose arguments had 
made so great an impression on the 
minds of the students, that her la- 
dyship thought proper to discard 
him. Mr. Cook, however, kept 
himself considerably reserved, and 
more at a distance from the Baptist ; 
churches than the rest. Messrs. 
Hill and Cosson, after fully profess- 
ing Baptist sentiments in their con- 
versation among the Baptists, join- 
ed the Presbyterians. Mr. Roberts, 
who had professed the same in a 
letter to one of the Baptist minis- 
ters, united himself with a respect- 
able congregation of Independents 
in Georgia ; and, on some misun- 
derstanding arising, left off preach- 
ing, took a conmiission in the army, 
rose to the rank* of lieutenant-colo- 
nel, and died. Mr. Lewis Rich- 
ards for a while suppressed his con- 
victions, and engaged in a parish, 
as a candidate for the rectorship, 
but some time after united himself 
to the Baptist church at the High 
Hills of Santee, was baptized by 
the Rev. Mr. Furman, and is now a 
pastor of the Baptist church in 
Baltimore, Maryland. 

Mr. Cook had obtained the office 
of a parish, but on his marriage 
with a young lady. Miss Elizabeth 
BuUine, of Baptist parents, then 
dead, at the village of Dorchester, 
about eighteen miles from Charles- 
ton, he determined to settle there, 
and preach to a mixed people ; in 
respect of religious profession, a 
great part of them were, and are 
Episcopalians ; a number, the pos- 
, terity of a Baptist church, which 






has become extinct, that once floa- 
rished under the ministry of the 
Rev. Isaac Chanler, a pious and 
eminent divine ; and the remains 
of an Independent congregation, 
removed to (reorgia, the same men* 
tioned above, to which Mr. Roberts 
had united. With the latter, Mr. 
Cook formed his closest connection, 
preaching ordinarily in the place 
of worship belonging to them. 
The dispute between Great Britain 
and the colonies was now become 
very serious; the sword was 
dra^^: blood had begun to de- 
luge the field of battle, and a gen- 
eral concern for religious as well as 
civil liberty, possessed the breasts 
of the Americans. A temporary 
form of government, agreed on by 
South Carolina, while a reoondli* 
ation to Great Britain on equita- 
ble principles was hoped for, had 
continued the partial establish* 
ment, and legal support of the 
Church of England. This convinc- 
ed the Dissenters of the necessity 
of uniting and making yigorons 
exertions for obtaining the equal 
enjoyment of all the privileges 
proper to a free people. For they 
now saw that the Episcopalians, 
who generally possessed the most 
conspicuous stations, with iheir 
usual appendages of wealth and 
influence, while they declaimed 
against the unconstitutional claims 
of Great Britain, and were very 
fond of receiving the assistance of 
their dissenting brethren in the 
national struggle, were determined 
to secure to themselves every ex- 
clusive and partial advantage in 
their power. 

An invitation was now given to 
ministers and churches of various 
denominations, but principally to 
the Baptists, among whom the bu- 



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163 



siness originated, to meet at the | duty. This, with the forcible ap- 



High Hills of Santee, at the seat 
of the Baptist church there, which 
is nearly the centre of the State, to 
consult their general interests. To 
this meeting, which was held ear- 
ly in 1776, came Mr. Cook, with 
two other of the young gentlemen 
mentioned above, and continued 
there to the next Sabbath, after 
the business was concluded, which 
being the season for the adminis- 
tration of the Lord's Supper in that 
church, divine worship was pub- 
licly attended on the two preced- 
ing days. On Saturday, Mr. Cook 
hs^ an invitation to preach ; and a 
little before service began, he took 
aside Mr. Hart, the minister of the 
Baptist church at Charleston, who 
had staid to assist at the solemnity, 
and Mr. Furman, the pastor of the 
church at Santee, who was then 
very young in the ministry, and 
has since succeeded Mr. Hart in 
Charleston, requesting their advice 
on a matter under which his mind 
labored. They were informed by 
him, that he had, for a consider- 
able time, felt strong convictions 
respecting the propriety of believ- 
ers baptism, and its necessity in 
order to a universal obedience of 
Christ, in a becoming manner, 
that he had endeavored to silence 
his conscience, and avoid the 
means of conviction, during a great 
part of the time ; but that of late 
he had felt such guilt and shame 
in reflecting on his past conduct, 
as compelled him to a serious con- 
sideration of the subject, with a fhll 



plication to his mind of Annanias' 
address to Paul, "And now, why 
tarriest thou ? Arise and be bap- 
tized, and wash away thy sins, 
calling upon the name of the 
Lord,' made him anxious to com- 
ply with his duty without delay, 
especially as a favorable opportu- 
nity then offered. " I have only 
to add, gentlemen," concluded he, 
"that I should be glad of your ad- 
vice, whether to embrace the ordi- 
nance immediately, or defer it to 
be administered among the people 
where I live ; and if I submit to 
it immediately, seeing my senti- 
ments and intention have been hi- 
therto unknown to the public, 
whether it would be proper to 
make Annanias' address to St. 
Paul, just now mentioned, and 
from which I have felt so much 
conviction, the subject of the dis- 
course I am about to deliver, and 
just in the light I now behold it, 
as it applies to myself ? This, I 
confess, is the dictate of my own 
mind, and I would not wish to act 
unadvisedly." 

The ministers were both of opi- 
nion, that it would be best not to 
delay the administration, and that 
it was proper he should follow the 
dictate of his own mind respecting 
the subject and method of preach- 
ing proposed. He preached ac- 
cordingly, to the surprise and con- 
viction of many, and was the next 
day baptized by the pastor of that 
church, the Rev. Mr. Furman, 
after satisfying the church respect- 



determination of heart to do what-jing his acquaintance with experi- 
ever appeared to be the will of | mental religion; and on farther 
Gtxl ; and that the result of this consideration, having enjoyed his 
investigation was the most satis-; visits before, and being fully satis- 
factory evidence in favor of what fied with his ministerial qualifica- 
he had so long thought to be his.ticms, they began to contemplate 



^ 



164 



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HAYNBS' BAPTIST 



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his ordination. He was according- 
ly ordained a few days after by 
Mr. Hart and Mr. Furman. A 
vacancy having taken place in 
the church of Euhaw, by the 
death of an excellent divine, the 
Rev. Francis Pelot, Mr. Cook soon 
received a call to take the pastoral 
care of it, which he accepted, and 
preached there without interrup- 
tion for some time ; but the inva- 
sion of the State taking place, and 
his exposed situation near the sea- 
coast, having already subjected 
him to losses and distress, he re- 
moved to an interior part of the 
country, where he continued to 
the conclusion of the war, but suf- 
fered anew in the ravages of the 
State by tl^e troops under Lord 
Comwallis and other commanders, 
so that when he returned to the 
Euhaw, on the commencement of 
the peace, he was reduced to a state 
of poverty. Previous to his leaving 
Euhaw, he had lost his first wife, 
and married a second ; some cir- 
cumstances attending this mar^ 
riage, gave displeasure to a number 
of his friends, and himself acknow- 
ledged he was chargeable with im- 
prudence in the transaction, for 
which he was sorry. 

Hitherto nothing very consider- 
able had appeared in Mr. Cook's 
ministry in America, towards pro- 
moting the kingdom of Christ ; but 
on his return to his church, having 
passed through some humbling 
scenes, and entered more fully into 
the Gospel spirit, he labored with 
much success. The church had 
been greatly reduced before he 
took charge of it, and at his return 
was almost become extinct ; yet it 
I pleased God, by his ministry, to 
I add a pleasing number to it in a 
few years. The account of addi- 



tions, by baptism, presented to the 
association for the five last yean 
of his life, was seventy-eight ; ma- 
ny of these are persons of real 
worth and respectability. 

In the September of 1790, he 
wrote a letter to Mr. Rippon, of Lon- 
don, in which he gave a pleasing 
account of the believing Negro 
church at Savannah, and then ad- 
ded, " My sphere of action is great, 
having two congregations to re- 
gard, at a considerable distance 
from each other, exclusive of this 
where I reside; as, also, friendly 
visits to pay to sister churches, 
and societies of other denomina- 
tions, who are destitute of minis- 
ters, frequently riding under a 
scorching sun, with a fever, twen- 
ty miles in a morning, and then 
preach afterwards. Our brethren 
in England have scarcely any idea 
of what hardships we struggle with 
who travel to propagate the Gos- 
pel. I have been in a very poor 
state of health for two months, 
but it has not prevented an atten- 
tion to the duties of my station. 
O, what a blessing is health! We 
cannot be too thankful for it." 

This good man had now almost 
finished his course. The circum- 
stances of his dissolution may be 
collected from a letter, written by 
one of his dear friends, of which the 
following is an extract: 

"To THE Rev. Mr. Rippon, Lon- 
don. 

" Euhaw, S. C, Oct. 4, 1790; 
" Rev. Sir : I could have wish- 
ed a more agreeable event than 
the present had been the occasion 
of my address to you; but when I 
consider I am fulfilling the pro- 
mise made to the Rev. Mr. Cook, 
of this place, now with God, it 



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165 



seems to afford a kind of melan- 
choly pleasure. About ten weeks 
before his decease, he returned in 
the middle of a sultry day, from 
preaching to a congregation, about 
twenty miles from hence, complain- 
ing of feverish symptoms, with 
a dry cough, a tightness of the 
breast, and great lassitude ; not- 
withstanding which, he relaxed 
not his labors. In this state he 
continued until two weeks before 
his exit, when he delivered his last 
sermon from Eph. i. 6. ' To the 
praise of the glory of his grace, 
wherein he hath made us accepted 
in the beloved.' He was then so 
weak, that I feared he would not 
be able to proceed, but he was 
greatly supported and much en- 
gaged. He reminded the con- 
gregation of the truths he had 
taught, assured them he felt ac- 
quitted of the blood of all men, 
having fully declared the counsel 
of God in his ministry. He pa- 
thetically addressed himself to his 
hearers of every age, rank and sta- 
tion, confident, as he told them, 
that this was to be the last sermon 
they were ever to hear from him ; 
and then concluded with a solenm 
farewell. The succeeding Sabbath 
he was to have preached on St. He- 
lena Island. 

''On Thursday following, the 
symptoms began to be so alarming, 
that I feared he would not conti- 
nue long. He desired me to read 
to him the 324th hymn in your 
selection, entitled, The Christian 
remembering all the way the Lord 
has led him. Some time after, he 
assured me, he died in the firm be- 
lief of the doctrines he had preach- 
ed, and requested I would write 
to his fiiends in England. He 
sent for Mr. Bealer, an amiable 



man, and deacon of his church, 
since dead, and consulted with him 
about the interests of his church, 
particularly about obtaining a suc- 
cessor to the pastoral ofiice; and 
as the following Sabbath was sa- 
cramental season, when he was as- 
sured the ordinance would be ad- 
ministered by his brethren in the 
ministry, who were to be present 
on the occasion, he said, * Next 
Sabbath, when you are feasting 
below, I shall be at the banq^uet 
above.' He fixed upon the place 
of his interment, and requested that 
the Rev. Mr. (now Dr.) Furman 
should preach his funeral sermon 
from 2d Tim. i. 12. ' For I know 
whom I have believed, and I am 
persuaded that he is able to keep 
that which I have committed unto 
him against that day.' From this 
time he inclined to be silent, and 
seemed engaged in secret prayer. 
On Friday, he was rather easier ; 
and on Saturday morning, he join- 
ed in prayer with the Rev. Mr. 
(now Dr.) Holcombe of Philadel- 
phia, who came to assist at an or- 
dination. About noon he grew 
worse. Dr. Morse, one of the mem- 
bers of his church, who attended 
him in the last stages of his ill- 
ness, writes thus, in a letter to a 
friend, concerning the last day of 
Mr. Cook's life. * Mr. Cook ap- 
pealed to me to have a heart fully 
resigned to the will of God : some 
time before his death, he told me 
that his whole hope of eternal re- 
demption was built on the sure 
foundation-stone, Jesus Christ ; 
but I do not feel, said he, that 
great comfort and joy I have often 
experienced, and which I felt 
twelve or fourieen days ago, as 
noted in my diary.' " 
Visible tokens of dissolution in- 



166 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Go 



diicing a iriend to ask if he 
should pray with hiin ; he gave 
assent, and, at the conclusion audi- 
bly said Amen; after which, he 
spoke no more intelligibly, butcon- 
tinued struggling with the last 
enemy till half past three. Lord's 
day morning, Sept. 26, 1790, when 
he was released from all his labors, 
leaving a disconsolate widow un- 
der great affliction ; an only child, 
a son by his first wife, about fifteen 
years of age, in whom all his earth- 
ly hopes seem to centre, as he pos- 
sessed a love of religion, with a 
thirst for learning, [this son, Jo- 
seph B. Cook, was afterwards edu- 
cated at Providence College, R. I., 
and is now a respectable minister 
in South Carolina,] and a church, 
almost every member of which 
looked to him as a common father 
in Christ, His remains were in- 
terred the same evening, immedi- 
ately after the administration of 
the sacrament, when a very tender 
and animated exhortation, to an 
audience dissolved in tears, was 
delivered at the grave, by Dr. 
Holcombe, who succeeded him in 
the charge of the church. The 
funeral sermon, by Dr. Furman, 
was not delivered for a considerable 
time after, owing partly to the dis- 
tance of eighty miles, and partly 
to several unavoidable hindrances. 
Mrs. Cook survived her husband 
but a few weeks, being taken off 
by a short and severe illness. Mr. 
Cook was of middle stature, and 
slender make, but had acquired a 
degree of corpulency a few years 
before his death. His mental pow- 
ers were good, and had received 
improvement by an acquaintance 
with the liberal arts and sciences, 
though his education had not been 
completed. His conversation was 



free and engaging. As a preach- 
er, he was zealous, orthodox and 
experimental. He spoke with 
animation and much fervor : 
though his talent lay so much in 
the persuasive, that at the end of 
his sermon he frequently left the 
audience in tears. He was taken 
from his labors at a time when his 
character had arisen to consider- 
able eminence, and a spacious 
field of usefulness was opening 
all around him, and at a time 
when he was greatly endeared to 
his people. He was a little in ad- 
vance of forty years at the time of 
his death. — Baptist Library. 

COOKE, William, minister of 
Wrexal, England, and author of 
1. An answer to a treatise, entitled 
The Vanity of Childish Baptism, 
with a Discussion of the Question 
concerning Dipping. Lend. 1644, 
4 to. 2. The Front uncovered for 
Infant Baptism. Lond. 1651, 4to. 
Bib. Brit. 

COSIN, or COSINS, John, D. D., 
born at Norwich, England, 1594; 
died 1672, Bishop of Durham. 
He published — A Letter to Mr. 
Cordel, in the case of Lay 
Baptism and Dissenters' Baptism. 
1650. Also, several learned works 
on Transubstantiation and other 
subjects ; one in Latin. Bib. Brit. 

CONSTANTIN, Robert, Pro- 
fessor of Belles Lettres in the Uni- 
versity of Caen, was bom in 1502, 
died in 1605, aged 103. Besides 
other works, he has left a Lexicon, 
Greek and Latin, 1562, Geneva, 
1592, 2 vols. foL, with the alter- 
ation of the title page only. Ge- 
nev. 1607. Leyd. 1637. The se- 
cond is the best, from which Booth 
quotes as follows : " B«TT«r/uuK, bap- 
tism ; the act of dying, that is, of 
plunging.'' Edit. 1592, Booth, p. 28. 



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CONNOR, Wilson, was born in 
Marlborough district. South Caro-| 
lina, July 7, 1768, and at about 
twenty-one years of age engaged 
in the ministry among the Metho- 
dists. About 1773, having become 
dissatisfied with the doctrine and 
discipline of that society, he was 
baptized at Cheraw, by Joshua 
Lewis, and was ordained as a Bap- 
tist minister in Effingham county, 
Georgia, in 1803, by Rev. Messrs. 
Peacock, Brewer, and Cook. The 
next year he was excluded from 
the Great Ogechee church, and re- 
mained in a backslidden state for 
several years. He was eighteen 
years justice of the inferior court 
in Montgomery county. He was 
likewise a member of the legisla- 
ture from the same county. He 
was at length turned from his 
backslidings, in the exercise of 
hearty repentance, and was restor- 
ed to the church and the ministry. 
In his latter days his ministry was 
signally blessed. Many souls were 
added unto the Lord through his 
instrumentality. He was a warm 
and successful advocate of the 
temperance cause, and of all simi- 
lar institutions. He was princi- 
pally occupied in itinerant service, 
to which he was much devoted. 
It may be said in truth that the 
entire State was his mission-field. 
In thirteen years he travelled over 
thirty- five thousand miles. For a 
time he acted as domestic mission- 
ary, under the patronage of the 
Georgia Baptist Convention, and 
then as an agent of the board of 
trustees of Mercer University. 

His person was commanding — 
frame large, though neither tall 
nor corpulent — dark complexion, 
with black eyes, deeply set — his 
voice was extraordinary, resembling 



more the rumbling of distant thun- 
der than any thing else. Those 
who ever hoard him never forgot 
the sound. He appeared to take 
great pleasure in preaching, and 
was frequently heard to express 
the desire " that the last act of his 
life might be to preach the gospel, 
and then be permitted to die in the 
pulpit." His wish, in this respect, 
was singularly fulfilled , for in the 
summer of 1844, having preached 
with great liberty and powrir, in 
Telfair county, from the words, 
" Verily, I say unto you, the hour 
is coming and now is, when the 
dead shall hear the voice of the 
Son of God, and they that hear 
shall live," he sat down and ex- 
pired instantly, without the least 
struggle. He was then about 
seventy-six years old, and had 
been on the walls of Zion near 
fifty years. His descendants are 
quite numerous, and very respect- 
able.— Camo6e//'« Georgia Baptists. 

COVEBDALE, Miles, or 
Myles, D. D. ; born in Yorkshire, 
England, 1487; died 1568. He 
was bishop of Exeter, and a most 
learned and pious author; most 
distinguished as the author of — 
The Bible in Black Letter, the? 
first English edition of the whole 
Bible. Lend. 1535, folio. The 
only other of his very numerous 
works belonging to this place, was 
entitled, Declaration of Order which 
the Churches in Denmark, and ma- 
ny other places in Germany, do use 
not only at the Holy Supper, but, 
also, at Baptism. Printed abroad, 
without date. 16mo. Bib. Brit. 

COUCH, John. Author of— 
Anabaptistarum Scrupuli, an An- 
swer to a Kentish Anabaptist, made 
in the year 1649, Lend. 1650, 4to« 
Bib. Brit 



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COBBET, Thomas. Author of— 
Vindication of the Covenant and 
Church Estate of Children, and 
of their Bight to Baptism. Lond. 
1648, 4to. 2. The Civil Magis- 
trate's Power in Matters of Be- 
ligion, modestly debated: as, also, 
an Answer to Clerke's Pamphlet, 
(railed, 111 News from New Eng- 
land. Lond. 1653, 4to.; and some 
other works. Bib. Brit. On p. 
277, Mr. Benedict locates this au- 
thor in Ipswich, Massachusetts, 
and says Mr. Cotton notices him 
respectfully. Ipswich seems early 
to have had several writers for 
Pa)dobaptism. i 

COTTON, John, of Boston, Mas- j 
sachusetts. Among his works! 
were — 1. Grounds and Ends of. 
the Baptism of the Children of the ; 
Faithful- Lond. 1647, 4to. 2. 
Treatise on Baptism. Lond. 1646, 
4to. 3. The Bloody Tenant 
\Va.shed. Lond. 1647. Two others 
on the Covenants. Defence of' 
Orders, at Boston : also, against i 
R. Brillie, Rutherford, and, also, 
D. Cawdry. His other works be- 
long not to us to notice here. 
Bib. Brit. Benedict notices the 
first work above, p. 276. 

CROSBY, Thomas, an English 
Baptist, author of— The History of 
English Baptists from the Reform- 
ation to the beginning of the reign 
of George L, Lond. 1738-40. 4vol«. 
8vo. 2. A Brief Reply to Mr. 
John Lewis' History of the Rise 
and Progress of Anabaptism in 
England. Lond. 1738, 8vo. 3. 
The Book-keeper's Guide, Lond. 
1749. In our historical depart- 
ment, Mr. Crosby will be more 
elaborately noticed. Our memoir 
of him has been lost, and due time 
is not allowed to prepare it for its 
proper alphabetical place. 



CORNWELL, Francis. An 
English Baptist; author of — 1. 
Vindication of the Royal Commis- 
sion of King Jesus, Matt, xviii: 
IS, 19, 20, compared with Mark 
XVI. lo, 16, against the Anti-chris- 
tian Faction of Pope Innocentins 
III., which decreed that the Bap- 
tism of Infants should succeed Cir- 
cumcision. 1644, 4to. 2. King 
Jesus is the Believer's Prince, 
Priest, and Lawgiver ; or, differen- 
ces between the Law and the Gos- 
pel. Lond. 1645, 12mo. 3. Gos- 
pel Repentance. Lond. 1645, 12 
mo. 4. Description of the Spi- 
ritual Temple. Lond. 1646, 12 
mo. 5. A Conference Mr. John 
Cotton held at Boston with Elders 
of New England. Lond. 1646, 12 
mo. Bib. Brit. Benedict, p. 145, 
notices only the title of the first 
work named above, and says: 
" This work was dedicated to the 
House of Commons, and was given 
away at the doors of the House. 
This Mr. Comwell was a man of 
distinction in his day. He was 
the subject of very severe philUp- 
pics from that inveterate opponent 
to the Baptists, Dr. Featley.'^ We 
shall notice him again when we 
come to the history of the period 
when he flourished. 

COLBY, Lewis. As it comes 
within the scope of this volume to 
register the names and titles of 
works issued by all Baptist Pub- 
lishers, everywhere, we insert here 
an incomplete list of the publica- 
tions issued by Rev. Lewis Colby, 
who retiring from a Professorship 
of Theology, in Shurtcliff College, 
Alton, Illinois, has conferred upon 
the American Baptists almost as 
much benefit as the American 
Baptist Publication Society. His 
house in New- York, and that of 



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acoln & Edmonds, now Gould, 
^ndall & Lincoln, Boston, whose 
talogue will be found in this 
3rk, have been the principal Bap- 
5t Publishers in America, dis- 
actively and really such, and if 
ere were enough of such estab- 
jhments, organizations for denomi- 
itional publication of Books and 
facts would be more efficient, 
id such private publishers and 
dblication societies would only 
ciprocally aid each other. We 
Id the list in part : 

1. Sacred Melodies, designed for 
onferences, Concerts, and Sabbath 
chools, 32mo. 1845. 

2. The Baptist Library, a re- 
ublication of Standard Works, 1 
ol. 8vo. 1845. 

3. The Scripture Text-Book and 
?reasury, Scripture Texts, arrang- 
d for the use of Ministers, Sunday 
^hool Teachers, and families. In 
Two Parts, with Maps and En- 
gravings. 12mo. 1846. 

4. Lea ; or the Baptism in Jor- 
lan. By Strauss. Translated by 
lira. Conant. 12mo. 1846. 

5. Domestic Slavery, considered 
\6 a Scriptural Institution, in a 
I!orrespondence between the Rev. 
lichard Fuller, of Beaufort, S. C, 
ind the Rev. Francis Wayland, of 
Providence, R. I. 18mo. 1846. 

6. Memoir and Remains of Rev. 
WTillard Judd. 12mo. 1846. 

7. The Pastor's Hand Book, 
^mprising selections of Scripture, 
arranged for various occasions of 
official duty ; Select Formulas for 
he Marriage Ceremony, etc., and 
iules of Business for Churches, 
Scclesiastical, and other deliberate 
issemblies. By Rev. W. W. Ev- 
5rts, Pastor of Laight-st. Church, 
l^ew-York. 1847. 

8. Bible Manual, comprising Se- 



lections of Scriptures, arranged for 
various occasions of Private and 
Public Worship, both special and 
ordinary, together with Scripture 
Expressions of Prayer, from Mat- 
thew Henry. With an Appendix, 
consisting of a copious classifica- 
tion of Scripture Texts, presenting 
a Systematic View of the Doctrines 
and Duties of Revelation, and the 
Scripture Treasury, 12mo. 1847. 

9. The Elements of Theology ; 
or the Leading Topics of Christian 
Theology, Plainly and Scripturally 
set forth, with the Principles of 
Divine Revelation concisely stated, 
with Questions; for the use of 
Families and Bible Classes, and 
Seminaries of Learning. By Daniel 
Hascall, A. M. 18mo. 1847. 

10. The Trinity and Modern Ari- 
anism. A Scriptural Defence of 
the Doctrine of the Trinity ; or 
a Check to Modern Arianism, as 
Taught by Campbellites, Hicks- 
ites. New Lights, Universalists, and 
Mormons ; and especially by a sect 
calling themselves Christians. By 
the Rev. H. Mattison. 18mo. 1847. 

11. Bible Societies. A Sketch 
of the Origin, and some Particulars 
of the History of the most eminent 
Bible Societies, with a more detail- 
ed account of the American and 
Foreign. By William H. Wyck- 
off, author of the '^ Bible Ques- 
tions." 1847. 

12. A Pure Religion the World's 
only Hope. By Rev. R. W. Cush- 
man. 18mo. 1847. 

13. A General History of theBap- 
tist Denomination in America, and 
other parts of the world. By Da- 
vid Benedict. 1848. 

14. The Judson Offering; intend- 
ed as a Token of Christian Sympa- 
thy with the Living, and a Me- 
mento of Christian Affection fot 



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170 



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the Dead. Edited by John Dow- 
ling, D. D. 1848. 

15. Lives of the Twelve Apos- 
tles, on the basis of an English 
abridgement of the Work of Cave, 
by R. W. Cushman. 18mo. 1848. 

16. Life of Bunyan. By Rev. 
Ira Chase. 18mo. 1848. 

17. Power of Illustration. By 
Rev. J. Dowling, D. D. 18mo. 
1848. 

18. The Christian Law of Bap- 
tism. By Rev. E. Tumey. 12mo. 
1848. 

19. The Theological Lectures of 
Rev David Bogue, D. D. Edited 
by Rev. Joseph Samuel C. F. 
Frey. 1849. 

20. The Unique. Very inter- 
taining and curious. 18mo. 1849. 

21. Pwdobaptists not open Com- 
munists. By Rev. S. Remington. 
1849. 

22. Reasons for being a Baptist. 
By Rev. S. Remington. 1849. 

23. Compendium of the Faith 
of the Baptists. 1849. 

24. The Memoir of Mrs. Sarah 
B. Judson. By Emily C. Judson. 
1849. Also a variety of Sunday 
School Books and Pamphlets. 

25. The Happy Transformation ; 
or the History of a London Ap- 
prentice. With Cuts. 

26. Facts for Boys. Selected 
and arranged by Joseph Belcher, 
D. D. With Cuts. 

27. Facts for Girls. Selected 
and arranged by Joseph Belcher, 
D. D. With Cuts- 

28. Way for a child to be saved. 
With Cuts. 

29. Every Day Duty. Illustrat- 
ed by Sketches of Childish Char- 
acter. With Cuts. 

30. Sketch of my Friend's Fa- 
mily. By Mrs. Marshall. 

31. Blossoms of Childhood. 



32. My Station. 

33. Visit to Nahant. 

34. The House of the Thief. 

35. Guilty Tongue. 

36. Charles Linn; or How to 
Observe the Golden Rule. By 
Miss Emily Chubbuck. 

37. The Great Secret ; or How 
to be Happy. By the same. 

38. Allen Lucas ; or the Self- 
made Man. By the same. 

39. How to be Great, Good and 
Happy. By the same. 

40. Gambling in its Infancy and 
Progress. By J. H. Green. 

41. Letter of Kir wan to Doctor 
Cote, of the Grande Ligne Mis- 
sion, and Dr. Cote's Reply. 

Mr. Colby has done much more 
for the denomination as a publish- 
er than he could else have done in 
any other field of operation, and 
sustained himself admirably. 

COMPTON, Henry. An English 
clergj^man ; born 1632 ; died 1713. 
Among his published works were 
— 1. Treatise on the Holy Com- 
munion. 1677. 2. Letters to his 
Clergy concerning Baptism ; The 
Lord's Supper ; Catechising. 1697. 
Bib. Brit. 

COVEL, Lemuel was, it is be- 
lieved a native of the State of New 
York; he was sent out into the 
ministry by the church in Provi- 
dence, Saratoga county, thirty or 
forty miles above Albany. He 
commenced his ministerial labors 
under great disadvantages, being 
both poor and illiterate ; and most 
of his life was spent under the 
pressure of poverty and worldly 
embarrassments. But notwith- 
standing he was obliged to labor 
almost constantly for his support, 
such were the astonishing powers 
of his mind, that he became one 
ofthe most distinguished preach- 



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ers in the Baptist connection. His 
talents were far above mediocrity, 
his voice was clear and majestic, 
and his address was manly and en- 
gaging. 

The doctrine of salvation by the 
cross, was the grand theme on 
^which he dwelt with peculiar 
pleasure; and his preaching was 
of the most solid, perspicuous and 
interesting kind. He lived the re- 
ligion he professed, and exempli- 
fied by his conduct, the rules he 
laid down for others. * As an itine- 
rant preacher, his zeal and success 
was equalled by few, and perhaps 
exceeded by none among the Ame- 
rican preachers. Missionary con- 
cerns lay near his heart ; and in 
every thing pertaining to them, he 
seems to have been a kindred 
spirit to the famous Pearce of Bir- 
mmgham. 

He travelled much among the 
churches in New- York and New 
England, and had often explored 
new and destitute regions. A lit- 
tle while before his death, the 
church in Cheshire, with which 
John Leland [this eminent ser- 
vant of Christ, died at North 
Adams, Mass., aged eighty-six 
years,] is connected, had settled 
him as their pastor, had assumed 
the debts in which misfortunes 
had involved him, and his pros- 
pects for comfort and usefulness 
were never greater. As he was 
much inclined to travel, the church 
had settled him under the ex- 
pectation that he would be with 
them but a part of the time, and 
the Missionary Society of Boston 
most gladly afforded him their 
patronage what time he wished to 
itinerate. Dark and mysterious 
was that Providence, which cat 
ofi^ in the meridian of life, and in 



the midst of usefulness, Uus wor- 
thy man. His constitution, uafu- 
rally slender, had boon much iui- 
paired by frequent attacks of dis- 
ease, and by his too extensive la- 
bors of various kinds ; and whilo 
travelling as a missionary in V\^- 
per Canada, in October, ISOtt, lu\ 
atW a short illness, finisluMl his 
earthly course. Elders Klkanah 
Holmes and David Irish were at 
that time engaged in the siune 
field of missionary labors; the last 
of whom, thus describes thenH)urn- 
ful event of Mr. Covel's death. 

^^At this meeting, (that is, at 
Charlotteville,) 1 heard that my 
dear brother Covel w»is dangt^rous- 
ly ill. I therefore oonchuhHi to 
leave them, and go and see him, 
and then return again. The at- 
tention appeared so great in many 
places, that I could not believe it 
to be my duty to leave them yet. 
Accordingly, on Wednesday 1 set 
out, accompanied by two brethren. 
We were at this time Hixty miles 
from the place where brother (!ovel 
was sick. We rode until weeamo 
within about twenty miles, when 
we heard that he wasdeiul and bu- 
ried! Oh, how my innn heart 
felt! I was lefl among strangers 
almost three hundred miles from 
home, and one of the most dear 
and intimate friends I ever hacl, 
taken away in such an unexpected 
time! But the Judge of all the 
earth has, and will do right 

'^Brother Covel has done his 
work, and went off in the triumphs 
of faith. We came to the place 
the next morning, and found Kld#;r 
Holmes prea^;hing his funeral s^r* 
mon^ and a mlHtnn time it wp$. 
Afler sermon^ we AtU'juhui Ut set* 
tling brother Corel's business^ and 
the next day set out to rvfturn Up 






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Townsend, where we arrived 
the day following, and found 
the church met together; and 
when we informed them of the 
death of brother Covel, the whole 
assembly appeared to be most 
deeply afie(*ted. It appears that 
this church was the fruit of his 
labors in his former visits. When 
he was with them last year, he 
assisted in their constitution. I 
think 1 may truly say, that there 
has never been a preacher in these 
parts more highly and universally 
esteemed than he was; and a 
greater and more universal lamen- 
tation I never heard in any place 
for any man, than in Upper Cana- 
da, for him. 

'^But alas! he is gone. May 
God grant that, like Samson, he 
may slay more at his death, than 
he has done in all his life. Some 
of the church in Townsend, in 
their lamentation, would break 
their silence and cry out, " O, my 
father in the gospel!" "O, that 
blessed minister of Christ, who was 
used as God's instrument to open 
my eyes — shall I never see him 
again in this world!" We then 
joined and sang the third hymn 
of the second book of Dr. Watts, 
and concluded the opportunity in 
prayer to Almighty God, that he 
would sanctify this dispensation to 
the good of many precious souls." 

Mr. Covel left a widow and five 
children to mourn his loss. — Bap- 
tist Library. 

CROSSLE Y, David. A Baptist 
minister, pastor of Curriers' Hall, 
London, where he was settled in I 
1705, and continued only a fewj 
years, and retired into the country, ' 
where he lived many years, but 
after his removal, little of his his- 
tory is known to us. '* In early 



life," says Walter Wilson, " hi 
had been acquainted with the C6 
lebrated Mr. John Bunyan, aiu 
travelled into difierent parts of tlu 
country to propagate his religioi 
principles. At that time he wn 
one of the most popular preacher 
of the Calvinistical Baptists, aod 
was instrumental in gathering 
three or four churches of that de- 
nomination, in Lancashire, and 
Yorkshire. Mr. Crossley lived to 
be very old, and kept a school in 
his old ager He died about the 
year 1743, and was reputed the 
largest man in the country where 
he resided. In the latter part of 
his life he maintained a corres- 
pondence with the celebrated 
George Whitfield." Hist. Dissent 
Churches. Vol. 2, pp. 272. See 
Art. Curriers' Hall, in our Ga- 
zetteer for the succession of its 
pastors, beginning with Hanserd 
KnoUys. 

COURCY,RicHARD De, a native 
of Ireland and Vicar of St. Al- 
mond's Parish, Shrewsbury, Eng. 
died 1803. Among his publish^ 
works are two which may be nam- 
ed. 1. A Letter to a Baptist Mi- 
nister — a Reply to Parmenas, 1776. 
2. The Rejoinder, on Baptism, 1777. 

COLLENS, John. Author of— 
A Message from the Lord to the 
People called Anabaptists, Lond. 
1660, 4to. Bib. Brit. 

COCHL^US, John. This ce- 
lebrated opponent of Luther and 
the early Reformers, was born at 
Nuremberg, 1479, died at Breslau, 
1552, and yet he is mentioned by 
Mr. Benedict on the authority of 
Dr. Sears, as a writer against the 
Anabaptists in 1582. If so, this 
work must have been either pos- 
thumous, or not the first edition, 
or there may have been some other 



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of the same name ; but this is not 
probable, nor would any have 
Deen more likely to write against 
supposed heretics, if we may judge 
irom the titles of his works. 1. 
Historia Hussitarum. Basil. 1594, 
fol- A scarce and curious work. 
2. De Actis et Scriptis Lutheri, 
ab anno 1517, usque ad annum 
1546. Apud S. Victorem prope 
Mo^ntiam, 1549, fol. 3. Specu- 
lum circa missam. 8vo. 4. De 
emendanda ecclesia, 1539, 8vo., 
very scarce. 5. Adversus Lutheri 
articulos, quos in concilio generali 
proponendos Scripserat, necessaria 
et Catholica consideratio. Paris, 
1562, 16mo. 6. The Broom of 
Johannes Cbchlaeus, for sweeping 
down the cobwebs of Morrison. 
This was written in defence of a 
tract he wrote against the mar- 
riage of Henry VIII. Bib. Brit. 
COX, or COXE, Benjamin. An 
English author of — A Declaration 
concerning the Public Dispute 
about Infant Baptism, by him and 
others. Lond. 1645, 4to. 2. Some 
Mistaken Scriptures sincerely ex- 
plained, in answer to one infected 
with Pelagian Errors. London, 
1646, 4to. 3. An Appendix to a 
Confession of Faith. Lond. 1646, 
4to. Bib. Brit. 

This Baptist minister was eject- 
ed by the Act of Uniformity. 
Crosby, vol. I., p. 353 ; toL III., 
p. 6. 

COX, Nehemiah, D. D. An 
English Baptist, aathor of— A 
Discoarse of the Covenant that 
God made with men before the 
law, wherein the coyenant of cir- 
enmcision is more largely handled, 
and the inralidity of the plea for 
Ftedobaptism taken from thence, 
disooTerod. This was occasioned 
by Mr. Whitsoii's treatise on the 



subject of Infant Baptism plainly 
■proved, written against the cele- 
ibrated Thomas De Laune, 1681. 
Benedict, p. 157. **The follow- 
ing curious statement in an old 
handwriting/' says the same au- 
thor, "is in a copy of his Dis- 
course on the Covenants," belong- 
ing to Mr. Sutcliff, of Olney. The 
author lived at Cranfield, a cord- 
winder. He was imprisoned for 
preaching the gospel. On his trial 
at the assize at Bedford, he first 
pleaded in Greek, and then an- 
swering in Hebrew, upon which 
the judge called for the indict- 
ment, and reading N. Cox, cord- 
winder, he wondered and declared 
that none could answer him. Mr. 
Cox insisted on his right to plead 
in that language, which was grant- 
ed, and he was dismissed. Mr. 
Sutclifi* says, he has various times 
heard the above anecdote repeated 
in the town and neighborhood of 
Bedford, and particularly with this 
addition, that judge would say 
to the counsellors, ^^ well, the 
cord-winder has wound you all 
up gentlemen.'' Ibid, pp. 1417. 
Note. 

COX, F. A. D. D., L, L. D., 
an English Baptist minister, yet 
living, author of— History of Eng- 
lish Baptist Missionary 8ociety, 
from 1792 to 1842, by the Ilev. V. 
ACox,D. D.,L. L. D., two volumes 
in one* Boston, published by Wil' 
liam Damrell, No. U, Cornhill, 
1845, 8vo. pp. 318. He is als/i aa- 
thor of a work on Baptism tfotmA 
up in the work on that nuhy^ci by 
Ih. Carsr^n, in the edition issued 
by the American Baptist Publica- 
tion Society, See Art. (tkumm. 
He will be noticed in our Ga^cet' 
teer in connection with English i 
Baptist Churches and Societies. ' H 



A 



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CORBLY, John, was a native 
of Ireland ; and while a boy, 
agreed to serve four years for his 
passage to Pennsylvania. When 
his time expired, he came to Vir- 
ginia, and settled in or near Ciil- 
peper, where he became a con- 
vert to true religion, under the 
ministry of James Ireland. After 
his conversion, he became so noted, 
that the enemies of the cross con- 
sidered him worthy of a prison. ; 
He was accordingly put into Cul- ; 
peper jail, where he staid a consi- 1 
derable time. The exact year in ' 
which he was imprisoned, is notj 
known ; but it was probably pre- 
vious to 1770 ; for in 1769 he was 
a delegate from Mountain Run 
church in Culpeper, to the Ketock- 
ton Association ; and acted as 
clerk of the Association. His 
name does not appear on the min- 
utes again, until 1775 ; when he 
comes as a representative of a 
church called Goshen, in Red- 
stone settlement, Pennsylvania. It 
appears that he had removed there 
several years previous to this ; and 
in conjunction with Isaac Sutton, 
had planted the first three or four 
churches in the Redstone settle- 
ment. His first wife was a Pa- 
pist, and was married to him pre- 
vious to his profession of religion. 
She proved a thorn in his side dur- 
ing her life. She died ; and he 
married a most amiable woman, 
by whom he had several children. 
But how delusory is all earthly 
bliss! The Indians for many years, 
were exceedingly troublesome in 
the Redstone country. Mr. Cor- 
bly and his wife and children, on ! 
a Sunday morning, started to walk j 
to the meeting-house, less thanj 
half a mile from his house. After; 
going a small distance, it was 



found that his bible, which he had 
given his wife to carry, had been 
tbrgotten. He went back for it 
On his return to overtake his 
family, he saw two Indians run- 
ning ; one of whom made a dire- 
ful yell. He suspected something 
bad ; and ran to a fort about half 
a mile off, and dbtained assistance. 
When they came to the place, he 
found his wife killed with a toma- 
hawk ; and the infant which she 
had in her arms thrown across her 
breast, with its brains dashed out 
against a tree. Three of the other 
children were killed, and two 
scalped and wounded that after- 
wards recovered. Only one, a 
little girl, escaped unhurt. She 
was attacked, but a dog seized the 
Indian that was pursuing her ; by 
which she got into the bushes and 
hid herself. The feelings of Mr. 
Corbly on this afflicting occasion, 
are beyond description. He fell 
into a melancholy state of mind ; 
during which he could not preach, 
or scarcely do any thing else. Re- 
flecting at length, that the hand 
of Providence was visible in the 
preservation of his own life, he 
took courage and recommenced 
his labors. His ministry was very 
effectual in that country ; though 
thereby settled, he baptized three 
or four hundred persons. He was 
a man of great gifts ; and esteemed 
by most persons a very pious 
christian. His success drew up- 
on him the resentment of the 
wicked, which they vented in a 
very diabolical manner. A base 
woman accused him of making 
several criminal proposals to her, 
and ofiered to confirm it by a 
solemn oath. Although he knew 
it to be false, and the church did 
not believe it, yet he thought it 



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175 



best to remain silent and not 
preach, until it could by some 
means be cleared up. They cited 
the woman to appear before a ma- 
gistrate in order to swear her to 
what she affirmed ; and in the 
meantime were earnestly engaged 
in prayer. When she came before 
the magistrate, she was taken 
with a trembling, and for some 
time remained speechless. Some 
wished to excuse her, and let it 
pass oflF; but Mr. Corbly insisted 
on her swearing, which she did, 
and expressly declared his inno- 
cence, and said it was a plot laid 
by certain persons whom she! 
named. Thus was Mr. Corbly 
providentially delivered from cal- 
umny. In the time of the Whis- 
key Insurrection, in western Penn- 
sylvania, under Washington's ad- 
ministration, Mr. Corbly was ac- 
cused of taking an active part 
and favoring the insurgents; for 
which, as being a distinguished 
man, the government chose to 
make an example of him. He 
was seized and hastily carried to 
Philadelphia, which was upwards 
of 200 miles from his house, and 
, there kept in prison in great afflic- 
tion. His wants while in prison 
were benevolently supplied by Dr. 
Rogers, and others of his friends 
in Philadelphia. He was never 
brought to trial ; and of course it 
can not with certainty be said 
whether he was accused falsely 
or not. He was not accused of 
being an insurgent himself; but 
of aiding and abetting those that 
were. If this were the case, it 
was certainly a very imprudent 
piece of business ; yet considering 
the state of things in that country, 
at that time, it must be viewed 
by the impartial, rather as an error 



of the head than of the heart. He 
lived about seven years, . after he 
was released from prison ; during 
which time, he continued to occu- 
py his talents and to do good. In 
1805, he finished his course in 
peace. Mr. Corbly, though a 
good preacher, was thought to do 
more good out of the pulpit than 
in it. He generally after preach- 
ing mingled with the congregation; 
and by singing and pious exhorta- 
tions, frequently made very serious 
impressions. Semple's History of 
Virginia Baptists, p. 428. 

COVENTRY, George. Under 
the head of Duke-street Park Ge- 
neral Baptist Church, Westmin- 
ster, England, it is recorded by 
Walter Wilson that he was pastor 
there in Feb. 1731, but his connex- 
ion with the Park meeting-house 
must have been dissolved by 
death or otherwise, in the same 
year. He appears to have been 
in necessitous circumstances, and 
to have been relieved occasionally 
by the trustees of Prince John s 
estate. There was a large tomb 
in the ground adjoining the meet- 
ing-house, belonging to the Coven- 
try family, but when the congre- 
gation lost their place of worship, 
it was destroyed with other monu- 
ments of the dead. Hist. Dis- 
sent. Churches, vol. 4, 181-182. 
Notices of fifteen pastors of this 
church will be found in their al- 
phabetical places. For the list, 
see Duke-street Park, in our Ga- 
T^tteer 

CLOPHENBURGIUS, John, 
author of — Gargraena Theologiae 
Anabaptisticae, &c., Franc. 1645, 
1656, 4to. 2. De Sacramentorum 
Christians Religionis Institutione. 
Lend. 1585, 8vo. Also other 
works. Bib. Brit. 



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COLLIER, William. This hum- 
ble and devoted servant of God 
was born in Scituate, Mass., Oct. 
11, 1771. His father, though not 
a professor of religion, was much 
respected for his intelligence, in- 
dustrious habits and strict moral 
integrity. His mother, happily for 
him, was a woman of piety, and 
the character which was ibrmed 
under her training, furnishes one 
of the most delightful proofs of the 
influence of maternal instructions 
and example. To that source, un- 
der God, may be traced the pecu- 
liar simplicity of spirit and purpose, 
and the conscientious regard to 
moral obligations, which distin- 
guished him through life. He was 
trained up in the way he should 
go, and when he was old he did 
not depart from it 

While yet a youth, Mr. C. re- 
moved to Boston, for the purpose 
of learning the trade of a carpen- 
ter, and soon became a hearer of 
the Rev. Dr. Baldwin, whose faith- 
ful ministry was blessed to his 
conversion. Soon after the age of 
twenty-one, he was baptized by his 
pastor, and became a member of 
the Second Baptist church. Consi- 
dering it as his duty to prepare to 
preiu'ih the gospel, he entered upon 
a course of study at the Rhode Is- 
land College, now Brown Univer- 
sity, where he graduated in 1797, 
and afterward studied theology 
under the direction of its distin- 
guished President, Dr. Jonathan 
Maxey. In 1799, he was ordain- 
ed to the work of the ministry, Dr. 
Baldwin preaching the sermon, and 
Dr. Stillman giving him the charge. 
Having preached one year to the 
Baptist Church in Newport, R. L, 
he was the next four years, the 
pastor of the First Baptist church 



in New- York, after which he re- 
moved to Charlestown, Mass., where 
he remained a pastor of the First 
Baptist church until the year 1820, 
from which date until the time of 
his death, March 19, 1843, he re- 
sided in Boston, and labored in the 
service of the " Female Society 
lor Missionary purposes." 

As a preacher, Mr. C. was not 
remarkable ; though his meekness, 
humility, prudence and eminent 
consistency of deportment always 
secured for him the respect and 
confidence of his hearers. As a 
pastor, he particularly excelled. 
Like the good shepherd, he knew 
his flock, and could call them all 
by their names. He went from 
house to house, comforting, exhort- 
ing, and instructing every one of 
them, as a father doth his children. 
Nor were his labors, when in Char- 
lestown, confined to his own people. 
Ever intent upon carrying the gos- 
pel to the poor and destitute, he 
early turned his attention to the 
spiritual wants of the unhappy in- 
dividuals C'Onfined in the Peniten- 
tiary, where he was, soon aft;er his 
settlement in Charlestown, appoint- 
ed to the office of chaplain, in 
which capacity he acted for several 
years afl»r his removal to Boston— 
thus imitating his Divine Master, 
who was commissioned '^ to pub- 
lish good tidings to the meek, to 
bind up the broken hearted, to 
proclaim liberty to the captives, 
and the opening of the prison to 
them that are bound." 

As a city missionary, his labors 
were confined mainly to the poor, 
the neglected and the vicioas, and, 
though his movements were noise- 
less, and attracted little attention, 
yet they were eflfective in the pro- 
duction of TaluaUe results. He i 



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177 



was the minister of kindness to 
many afflicted, the almoner of 
others' bounty to many suffering, 
the counsellor of many amid the 
perplexities of temptation. He 
visited the sick and dying in places 
seldom trodden by christian feet ; 
he conveyed the light of truth and 
mercy into the dark, squalid abodes 
of the most wretched and abandon- 
ed ; he rescued from the haunts of 
ipfamy not a few who were on the 
frontier of perdition. Neglected 
children were the objects of his 
special care, and many who now 
occupy respectable stations in so- 
ciety, will long bless him for his 
devotion to their perilled interests* 
None but those who occasionally 
accompanied him, as he "went about 
doing good," could appreciate the 
amount of labor which he perform- 
ed, the sacrifices which he made, 
the blessings of which he was the 
judicious (Uspenser. His record is 
on high ; Imd the great day alone, 
will disclose the sum of his useful- 
ness. 

Mr. Collier was one of the pio- 
neers in the great temperance re- 
formation. More than thirty years 
ago he published Dr. Rush s " In- 
quiry into the nature and effects 
of ardent spirits ;" and in 1826, he 
commenced the publication of the 
" National Philanthropist," the ob- 
ject of which was to advocate en 
tire abstinence from all intoxicat- 
ing drinks. This was the first 
temperance journal in the country, 
and indeed in the world. He was 
also the friend and promoter of 
all good enterprises which con- 
template the advancement of 
truth and righteousness in the 
world. 

His last illness was attended by 
great prostration of physical 



strength, but his mind was clear, 
vigorous, and serene, and he was 
able to give his decided testimony 
to the faithfulness of the Redeem- 
er whom he had served, and the 
excellence of the gospel whose 
doctrines he believed, whose pre- 
cepts he had obeyed, whose spirit 
he had exemplified, and whose 
promises he still trusted. His end 
was peace ; his memory is blessed. 
— Baptist Memorial. 

COLLIER, Thomas, was a min- 
ister of the Baptist persuasion, a 
person of great diligence, modera- 
tion and usefulness, and a sufferer 
in the evil times in which he lived. 
Edwards denominates him a great 
sectary, and a man of great 
power among them ; who had 
emissaries under him, whom he 
sent abroad into various parts of 
the country. He preached some 
time in the island of Guernsey, 
where he had many converts ; but 
his cruel persecutors would not 
allow him to enjoy peace. They 
banished him and many of his 
followers from the place, and cast 
them into prison at Portsmouth ; 
but how long they remained in 
confinement, we are not informed. 
On account of his incessant labors 
and extensive usefulness, he is re- 
presented by his adversaries as 
having done much hurt at Ly m- 
ington, Hampton, Waltham, and 
all along the west country. " This 
Collier," says my author, *• is a 
great sectary in the west of Eng- 
land, a mechanical fellow, and a 
great emissary, a dipper, who goes 
about Surrey, Hampshire, and 
j those counties, preaching and dip- 
ping. About a fortnight ago, on 
the Lord's day, he preached at 
Guildford, in the meeting place, 
and to the company of one old Mr. 



178 



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Close, an independent minister, 
who hath set up at Guildford, and 
done a great deal of mischief, hav- 
ing drawn away many of the well 
meaning people from the ministry 
of other godly ministers. There 
this Collier exercised ; and it was 
given out in the country, that he 
was a rare man ; and the people 
came from the towns about to hear 
him. 
at 



He then concludes by recommend- 
ing the Parliament to give the 
kingdom to the saints ; "by which 
is meant," he says, '*not- only an 
external kingdom, but the spiritual 
kingdom and government of the 
Church of Christ." 

The year following, two of 
Mr. Collier's letters, addressed to 



his religious friends, were inter- 

This fellow, in his circuit, \ cepted, and published to the world. 

an exercise where he was j As they discover his piety aqd 



preaching to many women for re- ' usefulness, and contain a sufficient 
baptization and dipping, made use : answer to all the impious clamor 
of that scripture for that purpose: I of Mr. Edwards' scurrilous pen, it 



*'And in that day, seven shall 
take hold of one man, &c." 

In the year 1645, Mr. Collier 
came forward in vindication of his 
sentiments, and published a work, 
entitled " Certain Queries, or 
Points now in Controversy Ex- 
amined ;" in which, after vindicat- 
ing his own views of Christian 
baptism, he maintains that magis- 
trates have no power whatever to 
establish church government, or 
to compel any persons by any hu- 
man power, to observe the govern- 
ment of Christ. In discussing the 
power of the civil magistrate in 
ecclesiastical matters, he gives his 
advice to the Parliament to use 
their utmost endeavors to ) omote 
a further reformation f the 
church ; for the attainn ent of 
which, he recommends them ^^ to 
dismiss that assembly of learned 
men, who are now called together 
to consult about matters of reli- 
gion, because he cannot conclude 
that God hath any thing for them 
to do — and he knows no rule in 
the book of God for such an as- 
sembly." He also recommends 
them to go forward in subduing 
their antichristian enemies, so far 
as by civil law they had power. 



will be proper to insert them. The 
first, dated from Guildford, April 
20th, 1640, is addressed " To the 
Saints in the order and fellowship 
of the gospel at Taunton ?" the 
preamble to which is, " Your dear 
brother, Thomas Collier, desireth 
the increase of grace and peace 
from God the Father, and from 
our Lord Jesus Christ," and is as 
follows : 
" Dear Brethren and Sisters, — 

" I have not had an opportunity 
of writing unto you until now, al- 
though my spirit hath been up to 
the Lord for you continually. The 
Lord hath manifested his i»resence 
with me exceedingly in my jour- 
ney. * I desire the Lord to raise up 
your hearts in thankfulness*. He 
hath gathered saints in Pool by me. 
Fourteen took up the ordinance 
at once ; there is like to be a great 
work ; and I confirmed the 
churches in other places. I am 
not yet got so far as London, 
but I shall, I expect, to-mor- 
row. Dearly beloved, my desire 
and prayer to our Father, on your 
behalf, is, that your souls may be 
satisfied with his fulness, that you 
may live above, and then you shall 
not want comfort. My exhorta- 



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CYCLOPAEDIA. 



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179 



tion to you is, to wait upon the 
Lord, in his own way, and not to 
look forth into the world. There 
is hread enough in your father's 
house, where he hath promised 
his presence. Though you seem 
to want gifts, yet you shall not 
want the presence of your Father, 
your Jesus, if you wait upon him. 
There are two brethren, 1 suppose, 
will visit you from Hampton — 
brother Sims and brother Row — 
whom 1 desire you to receive as 
from the Lord. The unlimited 
power of the Presbyterians is deni- 
ed them, of which you shall hear 
more shortly. I desire to be re- 
membered to all my kind friends 
with you, and at present rest your 
dear brother in the faith and fel- 
lowship of the Gospel. 

Thomas Collier." 

In a note to the above letter, 
Mr. Collier says, " I shall see you 
as speedily as possible." This se- 
cond letter breathes the same pious 
feelings, and is also addressed *^ To 
the Saints in the order and the 
fellowship of the Gospel." It is 
dated from London, May 2d, 1646, 
and is as follows : 
*' My dear ones in the Lard Jesus, 

" 1 salute you, desiring him who 
is our head and husband, our life 
and liberty, our all and in all, to 
gather up our souls more abun- 
dantly into the glorious unity and 
fellowship of the Son of God ; that 
you may not live upon these lower 
things, which are but instruments 
to convey light and love unto us ; 
I mean even ordinances or the 
like; which indeed are but as a 
shell without the kernel, further 
than we enjoy Christ in them. 
My dear ones, you are in my heart 
continually, and my desire is to 
be with you as soon as possibly I 



lean, to impart some spiritual 
I gifts unto you, and to enjoy fellow- 
ship in Jesus Christ with you. 
But what is this ? you are upon 
the heart of Christ ; nay, engraved 
upon his hand, and shall he had 
in everlasting remembrance before 
him. I am much in haste at pre- 
sent, the post coining forth of town, 
only I have sent you these few 
lines, and two books here enclosed, 
as a remembrance of my love. I 
desire to be remembered to all my 
dear friends with you, and at pre- 
sent remain your dear brother in 
the faith and fellowship of the 
Gospel. 

Thomas Collier." 

Mr. Collier was author of seve- 
ral other pieces, in addition to the 
one we have mentioned, which 
were probably on the controversies 
of the day. But at what place or 
places he afterwards preached, or 
when he died, we are not inform- 
ed. — Baptist Memorial 

CHOULES, J. O. This dis- 
tinguished living Baptist was edi- 
tor of — The Comprehensive Com- 
mentary on the Bible, Baptist edi- 
tion, Fessenden & Co., Brattle- 
boro, Vermont. 1837. J. B. Lip- 
pencott & Co., Philadelphia, 1838, 
in 6 vols., fol. Also, History of 
Missions. 

CROOK, George, An English 
Baptist, author of— Conversations 
on Baptism. Benedict, p. 207. 

CONE, Spencer, H., D. D. 
This venerable pastor of the First 
Baptist Church, New York, and 
President of the American and Fo- 
reign Bible Society, is known as the 
author of — An Introductory Essay 
to Judd's Remains. The Bible 
translation, Communion, and of se- 
veral Historical notices of church- 
es, biographical notices, &c. But 



180 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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since we record only the titles of 
works of living Baptist authors, 
we waive here any further notice 
of this writer, but in the Gazet- 
teer under Art. Bible Society ^ Am, 
and For,^ and Art. Oliver-street, 
and Broome-street Baptist church- 
es, New York, and other churches 
in Washington, D. C, and in New 
Jersey,he will be more fully noticed. 

COFFIN, Robert A., of Nor- 
walk, Connecticut, author of a 
Prize Essay — ^On Town Organiza- 
tion. Boston, 1845. A Baptist. 

CORNELL, Joseph, a Baptist 
minister, born 11th February, 1747, 
at Swansea, Massachusetts ; died 
at Gal way. New- York, 26 th July, 
1826. He was ordained to the 
ministry in 1780, at Lanesborough, 
Massachusetts, having previously 
married Mary Mason. His con- 
version occurred at about 19 years 
of age, and when about 21, he was 
baptized by Russel Mason. Soon 
after he entered the ministry, his 
labors were successful at Manches- 
ter, Vermont, where he resided 
about 14 years, then removed to 
Gal way, New- York, 1794, where 
he was pastor five years. 

For three years after his resig- 
natioU) until 1802, he labored as 
an Evangelist in New- York and 
Upper Canada. From 1802 to 
1812, he was pastor of the First 
Baptist Church at Providence, R. 
I., and then returning to Galway, 
New- York, labored nine years as 
pastor of the Second Baptist 
Church, then resigning in favor of 
Eugenio Eincaid. during the next 
five years he labored either as an 
Evangelist in Columbia county, 
New- York, or in New-England as 
agent of the Hamilton Baptist 
Missionary Society. He died 
aged 80, having preached the gos- 



pel 46 years. He was illiterate, 
but studious, energetic, and labo- 
rious. His preaching was charac- 
terized by zeal, fervor, and spiritu- 
ality. His judgment was dis- 
criminating, and his influence was 
extensively useful, popular, and 
conservative. Peck and Law- 
ton's Historical Sketch, &c., p. 200. 
COMSTOCK, Elkanah, a Bap- 
tist minister, born at New-London, 
Connecticut, 30th September, 1771; 
died of dropsy in his native town, 
13th May, 1834. He married m 
1797, having previously been bap- 
tized, and entered the ministry. 
He resided from 1802 to 1807, in 
Albany County, New- York, and 
subsequently for 17 years, in the 
towns of Scipio and Owasco, in 
Cayuga County, New- York, during 
which time he labored successfully, 
as an Evangelist, in Western 
New- York and Pennsylvania, in 
pioneer settlements. Particularly 
were his efforts owned of God in 
the churches of the Cayuga Asso- 
ciation. In 1824 he removed to 
Pontiac in Michigan, under ap- 
pointment of the New- York Bap- 
tist State Convention, and was 
the first minister, except Roman 
Catholics, settled in the territory 
of that State. So signally success- 
ful were his efforts, that in 1826, 
or 7, the first Baptist Association 
in Michigan sprung into existence. 
He was pastor of Pontiac Church 
until the year previous to his re- 
lease from the trials of earth. 
During 32 years, he was the faith- 
ful and sympathizing servant of 
the Churches of Christ, and the 
anxious preacher of glad tidings 
to perishing sinners. Such men 
have been too little appreciated, 
while ministers who seek and find 
pleasant places of leisure and 



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181 



quietly enjoy the result of thej 
labors of such as the beloved Com- 1 
stock, are flattered and promoted, I 
receiving honor of one another and j 
of men. But his record is on high, 
and his honor is that which comes 
from Grod to him who does faith- 
fully the work of an Evangelist. 
Peck and Lawton's Hist Sketches, 
&c., pp. 225-228. 

COLES, Peter, an English 
Baptist minister of Downtown, in 
County Sarum, was imprisoned 
for Nonconformity several years in | 
the county jail, at Sarum, withj 
Walter Penn and John Kingman, ' 
the first pastor of Sarum, and the ' 
latter of Burford Baptist Church 
Crosby, vol. 3, p. 126. 

CLOPTON, William. For the; 
biographies of William Clopton, I 
John Courtney, John Corbly, 
Lewis Conner, and Thomas Con- 
diut, see Taylor's Lives of Virgi- 
I nia Baptist Ministers; and for the 
memoir of Clopton, the missionary 
who died in China, see Southern 
Baptist Missionary Journal. 

COLE, Nathaniel, Jun., an 
American Baptist minister, was 
born at Swansea, Massachusetts, 
14th July, 1780. In his youth he 
was employed as a mechanic and 
as a school teacher, in Otsego 
county. New- York. In 1806 he 
married, and the next year settled 
as a merchant in Southfield, Ma- 
dison county. New- York, where 
he was first a magistrate, then 
County Judge, then Representa- 
tive in the Legislature in 18 12 J 
He was baptized in 1816, by Na-' 
thaniel L. Moore, and united with ' 
the Baptist church at Fenner, and 
was ordained to the ministry, 8th 
I April, 1818. He was afflicted 
I with hemorrhage of the lungs, 
i which tenninated his life, 4th July, i 
^^ ' - 



1827. Rev. John Peck preached 
his funeral Sermon, from Acts viii. 
2. While in the Legislature he de- 
tected and exposed a singular case 
of bribery. As a minister he was a 
peace-maker, yet firm, bold, decid- 
ed, quick, ready and communica- 
tive. He knew no fear of public 
opinion, and •possessed in his cha- 
racter the elements of ministerial 
success. Peck and Lawton's Hist. 
Sketches. &c., p. 240. 

CUPERIOLUS, Aug., author of 
the following curious work, enti- 
tled — Disputatio Medico, Theolo- 
gica Politici de Baptismate Infan- 
tium in uteris existentium. Venet. 
1725, 8vo. Bib. Brit. 

CHURCH, John, author of— 
The Divine Warrant of Infant 
Baptism. Lond. 1648, 4to. Bib. 
Brit. 

CURCELLiEUS, or COUR- 
CELLES, Stephen de, bom at 
Geneva, 1586, successor to Episco- 
pius as Professor of Theology at 
Amsterdam, and published his pre- 
decessor's works, with the life of 
the author. He was himself au- 
thor of several theological and con- 
troversial pieces, which were after- 
wards published, collected by El- 
zevir. Amst. 1675, fol. Bib. Brit. 
The titles of some of these works 
will be annexed to the quotations 
below, which are taken from 
Booth, pp. 88, 89, 195, 413, in in- 
verse order. " Paedobaptism was 
unknown in the two first ages af- 
ter Christ ; and therefore this rite 
is indeed observed by us, as an an- 
cient custom, but not as an apos- 
tolic tradition." In Dr. Gill's Ar- 
gument from Apostolic Tradition, 
p. 8. 

" The Baptism of Infants in the 
two first centuries after Christ, was 
altogether unknown ; but, in the 



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third and fourth^ was allowed by 
some few. In the fifth and follow- 
ing {iges, it was generally receiv- 
ed. The custom of baptizing in- 
fants did not begin before the 
third age after Christ was born. 
In the former ages, no trace of it 
appears — and it was introduced 
without the command of Christ." 
Instut. Ilelig. Christ., lib. i. c. xii. 
Dissert. Secund. de Feccat. Orig. 
§ 56. " Baptism was performed by 
plunging the whole body into wa- 
ter, and not by sprinkling of a few 
drops, as is now the practice. 
For John was baptizing in iEnon 
near Saiim, because there was 
much water ; and they came and 
w^re baptized. John iii. 23. Nor 
did the disciples sent out by Christ, 
administer baptism afterwards in 
any other way ; and this is more 
agreeable to the signification of 
the ordinance. Romans vi. 4. 
I am therefore of opinion, that 
we should endeavor to restore 
and introduce this primitive rite 
of immersing, if it may be done 
without ofience to the weak ; 
otherwise it seems best to tolerate 
this abuse, than to raise a disturb- 
ance in the church about it. They 
are now ridiculed^ who desire to 
be baptized, not by sprinkling, but 
as it was performed by the ancient 
church, by an immersum of the 
whole body into the water." Re- 
lig. Christ. Instut. L. v. C. 2. et a- 
pud Hiedegg. Libert. Christ, a Le- 
ge Lib. V. et C. 14, § 3. 

CURTIS, Thomas, D. D., author 
of— Bible Episcopacy, a Bible con- 
stituency of the Church, and 
Bible church ordinances exhibit- 
ed . Eight lectures delivered in the 
spring of 1844, in the Wentworth- 
street Baptist Meeting House, 
Charleston, S. C. By Thomas 



Curtis D. D., Charleston, Burgess 
& James, 1844, 12mo. Dr. Cur- 
tis is author of a manuscript Foem 
entitled The Messiah, which, we 
believe, has not yet been publish- 
ed. This author will be noticed 
in our Gazetteer in connection 
with London Booksellers and se- 
veral Institutions and Churches in 
England and in the United States. 

CURTIS, Stephen, an English 
Baptist minister, born at Harring- 
tonworth. Under a bishop's writ 
this useful minister of the Baptist 
church in his native place, was 
seized and imprisoned many years 
for Nonconformity. His property 
was confiscated, and he impover- 
ished, and made to suffer severely. 
He was a shepherd. Crosby, vol. 
3, p. 128. 

CUSHMAN, R. W. Author of 
— A Fure Christianity, the world's 
only Hope, by R. W. Cushman, 
pastor of Bowdoin-square Baptist 
church, Boston. N. Y. Lewis Col- 
by, 1845. By the same author — 
Lectures to Young Men on the 
temptations of a City Life. Boston, 
Gould, Kendall & Lincoln. 

CLYFTON, Richard, Author 
of a work entitled — For Baptizing 
Infants, and against Baptizing of 
elder people, a Process of the pas- 
sages between Smyth and Clyfton, 
Amst. 1610, 4to. This Clyfton 
was associated with the English 
exiled church at Amsterdam, Hol- 
land, and was joint pastor with a 
Mr. Robinson, the puritan, of one 
of two Brownist ohurehes in Not- 
tinghamshire and Yorkshire, Eng- 
land, previous to his emigration to 
Holland, and John Smyth, the 
Baptist, of the other. Johnson, 
Ainsworth, Robinson, Jessop, and 
Clyfton were writers against 
Smyth after he became a Baptist 



»tist I 



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183 



For further particulars concerning 
him, see Hanbury's Historical Me- 
moirs, vol. 1, chap, xxi, p. 271 et 
seq. Also, Wilson's Hist. Dis- 
sent. Churches, vol. 1, p. 24, 28, 
29, in his biography of Henry 
Ainsworth. See also. Art. Smyth, 
in its alphabetical place. 

DAVIDS. The name is Welsh, 
and is included, without any other 
information, in the list of British 
Baptist authors on baptism, by Be- 
nedict 

DAVIS, William. This excel- 
lent man and useful minister was 
a native of Orange County, Va., 
where he was born January 7th, 
1765. His parents were poor, but 
honest and respectable, and were 
members of the Episcopal Church, i 
He became concerned about his 
soul at the early age of nine years. 
Two sermons which he heard 
about this time, (one by an Epis- 
copalian, the other by a Presbyte- 
rian,) made a deep impression upon 
his mind. The Baptists, then call- 
ed '* New-Lights," commenced 
preaching in his native county 
about the same time. Much was 
said against them, as those who 
were " turning the world upside 
down," which raised much anxiety 
in the mind of young Davis to 
hear them. The first opportunity 
of the kind he enjoyed was to hear 
an exhortation and prayer from 
one John Bledsoe. This served to 
deepen his religious impressions, 
and frequently at that tender age 
he was known to go forward vol- 
untarily and ask the ministers to 
pray for him. He continued seri- 
ous, by turns, until, in his four- 
teenth year, a conversation he had 
with a pious negro in his father's 
employment, (a Baptist,) fully 
I awakened him to a sense of his 



lost condition as a sinner. For 
some six months, his mind was in 
great distress. During those days 
of darkness, he went far and near, 
by day and by night, as far as lay 
in his power, to hear the gospel 
from the Baptist preachers, who 
were itinerating through the coun- 
try. One night he went some 
four miles from his father's resi- 
dence to ^ttend a meeting held by 
Elijah Craig. During the services, 
his feelings became such as to un- 
nerve him ; he swooned away, and 
remained in a helpless state for 
some time. In this condition, the 
Lord brought deliverance to his 
soul. He rose rejoicing, and l>egan 
at once to exhort his fellow-mor- 
tals to flee from the wrath to come. 
At this time his parents resided in 
Culpeper county and were op;iosers 
and persecutors of the Baptists. 
William left the parental roof ra- 
iher unceremoniously ^exXnips^ walk- 
ed some fourteen or fil'teen miles 
to a Baptist church in Orange 
county, called Blue R?m, where 
he was immersed in his fifteenth 
year. 

As soon as he had discharged 
this solemn duty, he returned 
home and submitted himself to his 
parents. Soon thereafter, being en- 
couraged by his brethren, he was 
in the habit of exercising publicly 
in exhortation and prayer. These 
exercises were sanctified to the 
conversion of his parents, his two 
older brothers, his youngest bro- 
ther and several of his sisters. All 
these became Baptists, and con- 
tinued in " the comfort of the Holy 
Ghost" until their death. 

At sixteen years of age, though 
much against the will of his 
friends, Mr. Davis volunteered m 
a soldier of the revolution, and 



184 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Da 



was some time under the command I 
of Gen. Lafayette. He was wound- 1 
ed in the head, and suffered greatly.' 
from fatigue and hunger. While! 
the army of Lafayette was on a j 
forced march to join Washington ; 
in the capture of Corn wallis, young 
Davis was without a morsel of food 
two whole days. This having 
come to the ears of the General, he 
was sent for to his tent, and with 
his own hands he furnished the 
youthful soldier with food. This 
kindness, on the part of Lafayette, 
was rememhered with gratitude all 
his life. He was heard to mention 
it during his last sickness. He 
was present at the surrender of 
Cornwallis, and after the war, re- 
turned to his family in Virginia, 
where he enjoyed the friendship 
and confidence of the Madisons, 
and Barbours, and other distin- 
guished men of that State. 

In 1788 he was licensed to 
preach the gospel, while yet in his 
native State ; and was ordained in 
Georgia by Dozier Thornton and 
Thomas Maxwell in 1793. His 
education was quite limited ; yet 
he was a man of strong mind, ex- 
cellent memory, and fine imagina- 
tion. His manner was easy, yet 
forcible. He was an original 
thinker, and his style of oratory was 
peculiar to himself — bold and ener- 
getic. His character was without 
spot or blemish, and his piety was 
of a high order. One fact proves 
that he lived the religion which 
he preached: Eleven out of the 
twelve children, which he had, be- 
came worthy members of the 
church during their father's life' 
time— three of them are preachers, 
Jonathan^ James and Jesse ; and 
two others, Jeptha and William, 
deacons. As a pastor^ he must 



have stood high with the churches 
which enjoyed his watchful care. 
The church in the fork of Broad 
river (Elbert co.,) he served twenty- 
three years ; that at Beaver Dam 
twelve years ; Clark's Station nine- 
teen years, &c. He possessed the 
faculty of drawing out his breth- 
ren, who were called of God to 
the ministry: among those who 
were raised up under him, are the 
following: E. Shackelford, Isaac 
Shuttle, Elijah Mosely, Isham 
Goss, James Hales, and Sylvanus 
Gibson. 

In the middle of life, Mr. Davis 
was a person of fine appearance, 
weighing upwards of two hundred 
pounds. lie suffered much in af- 
ter life from dropsy in the chest, 
and was so debilitated as to make 
it necessary that he should resign 
all pastoral charges. Yet, was in 
the habit of visiting the churches, 
whenever he was able to ride; and, 
when unable to stand, he would 
preach in a sitting posture. While 
thus standing on the borders of the 
tomb, his ministry was greatly 
blessed. His farewell discourse to 
the people of Elbert county was^ 
delivered, while he sat on a table 
in the open air, and such was the 
powerful effect produced, that it 
was regarded as the commenoe- 
ment of one of the most glorious 
revivals ever experienced in that 
county. He was decidedly favor- 
able to ministerial education, and 
was one of the Board of Mount 
Enon Academy. He was opposed 
to the location^ however, and al- 
ways believed that that was the 
main cause of its failure. The 
Temperance cause never had a 
warmer friend. On this subject, 
he addressed letters to the Sarepta 
and Georgia Associations, when 



Da 



CYCL0P2EDIA. 



Da 



185 



too iufirm to attend their sessions. { 
For several months previous to 
his death, he had a presentiment 
that his end was near, often spake 
of it, and arranged all his worldly- 
business with reference to it. All 
his children were invited to make 
him a last visit, and on their doing 
so, he required each of his sons to 
lay their hand on the scar on his 
head, (the result of a wound he re- 
ceived in his youth, while a sol- 
dier of the revolution,) and solemn- 
ly charged them severally to be 
faithful to their country's interest 
and glory. He was in attendance 
on a Methodist camp-meeting some 
ten days before his death, when he 
was taken suddenly ill. His wife 
(who was absent on a visit) was 
sent for, as also his children. When 
they arrived, he told the day and 
the hour he expected to depart 
hence and be with Christ. When 
that day arrived, he spent a part of 
it in writing, and to his friends 
present gave a circumstantial ac- 
count of his early life. Some two 
or three hours previous to his exit, 
he was in great pain, and frequent- 
ly called upon God for help. Of 
his sons, Jonathan and James, who 
had not yet arrived, he spoke in a 
most affectionate manner. To his 
son Isaac, (the only one of his 
children npt in the church,) he 
made a most touching appeal to 
meet his aged father in heaven. Af- 
ter bidding his wife and children a 
last farewell^ he desired to be raised 
up in bed — ^then, raising his hands 
towards heaven, he shouted aloud, 
" Victory ! victory ! ! victory ! ! !'' — 
lay down calmly, and instantly 
expired. This glorious triumph of 
faith took place on the 31st Octo- 
ber, 1831, in his 67th year. 

His widow survived him eleven 



years. It is rather remarkable, 
that she did not become a profes- 
sor of religion until after her hus- 
band's death. She was finally 
baptized by her son, Jonathan, and 
died full of years and in strong 
hope of eternal happiness. — Camp- 
belVs Georgia Baptists. 

DAVIS, J., a Welsh Baptist 
minister, now residing on the Ca- 
rolina sea coast, between Wil- 
mington and Charleston, author 
of — History of the Welsh Baptists, 
from A. D. 63 to 1770. Pittsburgh, 
1835, 12mo., p. 204. Also of a 
Life of Christmas Evans, and 
Christmas Evans' Sermons, trans- 
lated from the Welsh. 

DAVIS, Joseph, an English 
Baptist minister, born at Chipping- 
Norton, in Oxford county, August, 
1627 ; died 16th February, 1706, 
in London. His father was a Pu- 
ritan, and chief burgess of Chip- 
ping-Norton. His pious instruc- 
tions were blessed to the early 
conversion of his son, who during 
his apprenticeship to Mr. Cooling, 
a mercer, was baptized at Coven- 
try, and suflFered persecution from 
Mr. Cooling and his family. From 
the time that Charles II. entered 
London, he was five times impri- 
soned at Burford and Oxford Cas- 
tle, and although he took the oath 
of allegiance, his goods were con- 
fiscated, and his last imprisonment 
lasted ten years, hastened his own 
dissolution, and destroyed the life 
of his first wife, and yet afterward 
he was mulcted by fines for meet- 
ing a Baptist church. When his 
life was almost spent. King James 
ascended the throne, and he en- 
joyed liberty of conscience. He 
left in manuscript — His last Leg^ 
oA^y^ which was published and re- 
printedin 1720. See CroabY^v<^V.?. ^ 



^•, 



186 



Da 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Da 



pp. 130-137, for an interesting ac-j 
count of him and his sufferings. 

DAVIS, G. F., D.D., an Ame- 
rican Baptist, author of— A Tract. 
A familiar dialogue between Peter 
and Benjamin, on Communion.! 
The author resided at Hartford, 
Connecticut. 

DAVIS, Thomas, pastor of the 
Baptist Church, Petticoat-lane, , 
Westminster, England, where he 
was killed 15th June, 1763, by a. 
stone falling upon him. He had; 
been twelve or thirteen years pas- ■ 
tor there. See Petticoat Lane in . 
Gazetteer. 

DA VIES, J. J., a modern Eng- f 
lish Baptist, author of — Ecclesias- ; 
tical establishments based on baby 
baptism. Benedict, p. 207. 

DAVIES, Samuel, was born at 
New-Castle, in Delaware, 1724 ; 
died 1761, an American Presbyte-i 
rian divine and author. He is 
more particularly known as the 
author of 'three volumes of Ser-i 
mons, 18mo., edited by Drs. Gib-| 
bons and Finley, London. Inj 
vol. 2, p. 169,3rd edition, he says: 
'* He (Christ) had a baptism to be 
baptized with ; a baptism^ an im- 
mersion in tears and blood." Apud 
Booth, p. 17. 

DAVIES, Mr., pastor of White- 
street Particular Baptist Church, 
Westminster, England, in 1758, 
and subsequent years. See White- 
street, in our Gazetteer. 

DAVYE, Thomas, an English 
General Baptist, author of — The 
baptism of adult believers only, 
asserted and vindicated ; and that 
of infants disproved, by Rev. Tho- 
mas Davye. London, pp. 158, 1719. 
Benedict says that"" he resided at 
Leicester, and quotes largely to 
show the character of his work. 
Benedict, pp. 167, 168. 



D AVENANT, John, D.D., bishop 
of Salisbury, born in London ; died 
1641. This Protestant paedobap- 
tist W6ts author of several works— 
Expositio Epistolae D. Fauli ad 
Colossenses. Cantab. 1627, fol. 3d. 
Edit. Cantab. 1639. Also, Episto- 
la de Sacramentis. Lond. 1649, 
8vo. In his work on Colossians, 
chapter ii. v. 12, he says : '* In 
baptism, the buried of the body of 
sin, or of the old Adam, is repre- 
sented, when the person be bap- 
tised is put down into the water ; 
as a resurrection^ when he is 
brought out of it." "In the an- 
cient church they not only sprink- 
led but immersed those whom they 
baptized." Most singular both 
sprinkled and immersed to com- 
plete a baptism or both sprinkled 
and baptized ! Dr. Barnes has 
dipped in order to sprinkle^ by his 
criticism. It is a source of mirth 
and serious lamentation to contem- 
plate the flounderings of hard- 
pressed psedobaptist critics. For 
his other works see Bib. Brit. 

D'ASSIGNY, Marius. As this 
writer was omitted under Aiy we 
insert his name under Da for the 
sake of giving the following title 
of a work — Mystery of Anabap- 
tism. This work is quoted from 
p. 95, in Booth, p. 450, simply 
D' Assigny, but since we find a list 
of his works published from 1672 
to 1706, we superadd Marius as 
his christian name, and refer to 
Bib. Britannica. He was of course 
a Fsedobaptist. 

DAGNAL, Stephen, one of the 
English Baptist ministers ejected 
by the Act of Uniformity. He, 
with eleven of his church at Ails- 
bury, were sentenced to death, but 
were pardoned by the King. 
Crosby, vol. 3, p. lit ; voL 2, p. 181. 



Da 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Da 



187 



D ALE, Anthony Van, M.D. This 
distinguished Meim'onite Baptist 
was author of the following works : 
1. De Oraculis Ethnicorum. Amst. 
1683, 8vo. Amst. 1700. 2. Dis- 
sertationes de Origine ac Progres- 
su Idolatriae et Superstitionum. 
Amst. 1696, Svo. 3. De Statua 
Simoni Mago, ut pnBtenditur, erec- 
ta, et de Chresto Suetonii. Amst. 
1700. 4. Dissertationes ix. Anti- 
quitatibus et M armoribus, cum Ro- 
manis, turn Potissimum Grajcis 
illustrandis inservientes. Amst. 
1702, 4to. 5. Dissertatio super 
Aristea, cum Historia Baptismor, 
et Diss. Super Sanchoniathone. 
Amst. 1705, 4to. (Bib. Brit.) Al- 
though he was a physician, he 
was also a minister of Christ. 
Benedict, p. 141, quotes from 
Wall's Hist Inf. Bap. vol. 2, p. 
28, the following passage from 
Van Dale's last work above, Eng- 
Ush translation. History of Baptism, 
p. 375, which the author credits 
to Salinasius. ^^ In the two first 
centuries none received baptism 
but such as being instructed in the 
faith and made acquainted with 
the doctrine of Christ, could dis- 
close their belief of it, because of 
these words ; He that believeth and 
is baptized shall be saved ; so that 
believing is to be first." 

DAILLE, John, was born at 
Chattellerant, 1594 ; died at Paris, 
1670. He was minister of the 
church at Pans, a Protestant re- 
former, and one who by his learn- 
ing and writings was an ornament 
to Christianity. The only one of 
his works which we will notice 
was entitled — De Usu Patrum, 
1646, 4to. Genev. 1656. Trans- 
lated into English under the title i 
-—A Treatise concerning the right; 
use of the Fathers. Lond. 1651,1 



Svo. In this work. Book 2, p' 
1848, he says : *' It was the cus- 
tom heretofore in the ancient church 
to plunge those they baptized over 
head and ears in water. This is 
still the practice both of the Greek 
and Russian Churches even at 
this very day." 

DAWKES, Clendon, An Eng- 
lish Particular Baptist minister, 
who in 1735 was pastor of a 
church, at Joiner's Hall, Thames-st. 
London. " This gentleman," says 
Wilson, " is supposed to have 
come originally from Wellingbo- 
rough, in Northamptonshire, and 
was well known in London, where 
he preached among the Particular 
Baptists a considerable number of 
years. He settled in early life, 
with an ancient congregation in 
Broad-street, Wapping, where he 
succeeded a Mr. Edward Elliot, 
about the year 1719, or 1720. In 
this situation he continued till 
Christmas, 1726, when he resigned 
his charge, and accepted a call to 
become pastor of a newly consti- 
tuted church in CoUiePs-Rents, 
Southwark. This connexion, how- 
ever, was of but short duration, 
for Mr. Dawkes left his people 
early in 1730 ; though upon what 
account we can find no where 
mentioned. The probable reason, 
however, was his partiality to 
strict communion; the church in 
CoUier's-Rents being formed upon 
the mixed plan. After spending 
about three or four years without 
any settled charge, Mr. Dawkes 
was chosen about 1734, or 1735, 
to succeed Mr. Richardson as pas- 
tor of the Society that met in the 
afternoon at Devonshire Square. 
With this people he continued 
about sixteen years ; but their 
numbers being greatly reduced by 



188 



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HAYNE8' BAPTIST 



Da 



deaths and removals, they were at 
length, under the necessity of dis- 
solving their church state. This 
event is said to have taken place 
about the year 1751. After this, 
Mr. Dawkes accepted a call from 
the Baptist Church at Hemel- 
Hempstead, in Hertfordshire, where 
he finished his course 12th Decem- 
ber, 1758, but at what age does 
not appear. Mr. Dawkes was a 
learned man and an acceptable 
preacher. His religious senti- 
ments were high Calvinism, but 
he seems to have carried himself 
with moderation towards his bre- 
thren. Mr. Brine, of London, 
preached his funeral sermon, at 
Hemel-Hempstead, and afterwards 
published it The text was 2 Cor. 
xi. " For we know that if the 
earthly house of this tabernacle 
weredissolved,"&c. Of Mr. Dawkes 
he says : " It may now be expect- 
ed that 1 should give a character 
of him, and a beauteous represen- 
tation might be given of him ; but 
I must in form you, that he laid an 
injunction on me not to enlarge 
upon his character, and that he 
expressed a dislike of bestowing 
encomiums on the dead ; however 
a few words concerning him may 
surely be allowed. He was meek, 
humble, modest, wise and learned ; 
diligent in study, there is reason 
to think to the prejudice of his 
constitution. He had an enlarged 
acquaintance with the evangelical 
scheme, and a spiritual savour of 
the truths of the gospel. In his 
last long illness, which issued in 
his death, he was remarkably fa- 
vored with the presence of God, 
and filled with a holy adoration of 
sovereign grace and mercy. Those 
glorious truths, which in the course 
of his ministry, he recommended 



to you, were the matter of his sup- 
port, consolation, and unspeakable 
joy, in the views of his dissolution." 
Wilson's Hist. Dissent. Churches, 
vol. 1, p. 532. 

DAY, DA YE, or DAIE, John, 
an eminent English printer, born 
in St. Peter's parish, Dunwich, in 
Suffolk ; died 23rd July, 1584. 
He was the first printer who used 
the Saxon letter in printing, and 
he brought into use improvements 
in printing in Greek and Italian 
letter. A very long catalogue of 
the books he published, both with 
and without date, is given in the 
Bibliotheca Britannica. The titles 
of two or three will be subjoined. 
1. The Sum of the Holy Scrip- 
ture, and ordinarye of the Chrys- 
tian, teachyng the true Chrystian 
fayth, by whiche we be all instifi- 
ed ; and of the vertue of Baptisme 
after the teachyne of the Gospell 
and of the Apostles, &c. Lond. 
1547, 8vo. 2. A Simple and reli- 
gious consultation of vs. Herman, 
by the Grace of God Archbishop 
of Colone, and Prince Electour, 
&c., by what means a Christian 
Reformation, and founded in God's 
worde of doctrine Administration, 
of the Deuine Sacraments, of Ce- 
remonies, and the whole Cure of 
Souls, &c. Lond. 1547, 12mo. 3. 
Bapt. Mantuanus, his Treatise, 
&c. V. Bale, J. 8vo. Bib. Brit. 

DAVENTRIA, A., a writer 
against the Anabaptists, a.d. 1533. 
Benedict, p. 926. 

DANTZ, OR DANS, Jom^ An- 
DREW, was bom near Gotha, Ger- 
many, 1657 ; died 1727. Author 
of various Latin works in contro- 
versy with the Jews, also, Anti- 
quitas Baptismi Initiationis Iraeli- 
jtarum vindicata. Jense. 1710. 
: Bib. Brit. 



Da 



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Da 



189 



I 



DAGG, John L., D.D., Presi- 
dent of Mercer University, Geor- 
gia, and author of an Exegesis on 
John iii. 5. Also, An Essay in 
Defence of Strict Communion. 
Penfield Geo. 1845, 8vo, p. 74. 
A very able refutation of the ar- 
guments of Robert Hall on mixed 
communion. 

"Davenport, John, successor 
to Samuel Wilson, a pastor of 
Great Eastcheap Particular Bap- 
tist Church, London, in 1726. See 
Cheat Eastcheap in Gazetteer. 

DAVENPORT, John, a Puritan, 
first of England, then of Holland, 
and finally of New-Haven, Con- 
necticut. The titles of his works 
we have not, but according to Be- 
nedict, he wrote works — 1. Against 
the promiscous baptism of children 
while in Holland, 1634. 2. In 
favor of this rite being more gene- 
rally extended to children than 
was then practised in New Eng- 
land. 1662. There is in Biblio- 
theca Britannica mention of a John 
Davenport, born at Coventry, Eng- 
land, 1597 ; died at Boston, 1770, 
with titles of several works, but the 
above are not included. Reference 
may be made to the same man by 
Benedict and Robert Watt. 

DANIEL, M., an English Bap- 
tist, author of-Dipping is baptizing. 

DANIEL, Robert T., a Baptist 
minister, — was the fifth son of 
Samuel and Eliza Thomas Daniel. 
He was born the 10th day of June, 
1773, at their residence, in Middle- 
sex county, Virginia. Soon after 
the close of the Revolutionary war, 
the family emigrated to North 
Carolina, and settled in Orange 
county, near Hillsborough, where 
most of them remained until the 
close of their earthly pilgrimage. 

At the age of twenty-there. 



March, 1st, 1796, the subject of 
our present notice was married, to 
Miss Penelope Cain Flowers, of 
Chatham County, in the same 
State, with whom he lived most 
happily forty-five years. The deep 
piety and ardent zeal, for the cause 
of salvation, of this excellent and 
devoted lady, I will be permitted 
to remark, qualified her to be, and 
she was, eminently a co-worker 
with her husband, in his numer- 
ous labors in the Gospel field. 
She closed a life of consistent 
piety, and unwavering fidelity in 
her Christian profession, at Salem, 
in Mississippi, on the first day of 
January^ 1840. She brought up 
five sons, and three daughters, and 
lived to greet twenty-seven grand 
children and great-grand children. 
For several years previous to her 
death, she had been the subject of 
deep bodily afiliction. She felt 
that she had done her work on 
earth, and pressed with irrelieva- 
ble suffering, she wished to depart. 
At length " the Angel of the Cov- 
enant" came — 



-And faitliful to his promioe, stood 



Prepared to walk with her Uirough death'ii dork Tole.** 

She met the summons with a se- 
rene heart, and ascended express- 
ing her perfect confidence in the 
boundless fulness of Christ, and 
that in him she was safe. 

Mr. Daniel professed in July, 
1802, to have obtained a hope in 
Christ. He was then in his twenty- 
ninth year. Under what instru- 
mentality this event occurred, can- 
not now be determined ; probably, 
as has been the case in many 
other instances, the influence and 
exhortations of the lovely, bloom- 
ing, and pious girl, who had con- 
nected herself with the church in 



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very early life, and who, six years 
before, had united her earthly des- 
tinies with his. Having found 
peace in believing, he did not de- 
lay to put on Christ, in the divine- 
ly appointed form, but the next 
month — in August — was, at Holly 
Springs, in Wake county. North 
Carolina, of which church he be- 
came a member, "buried with 
Christ in baptism," by the Pastor, 
Rev. Isaa<; Hicks. 

The sacred fire that burned in a 
soul so ardent and ingenuous as 
his, could not be depressed or con- 
cealed. During the early part, 
therefore, of the succeeding year, 
1803, he began publicly to address 
sinners, and at the meeting of his 
church in April, was formally 
licensed to preach the Gospel. His 
education was extremely limited, 
and had he been in a condition to 
apply himself, no facilities were 
then at his command ; but he had 
less need of this species of prepa- 
ration, than any man I ever knew. 
His extraordinary abilities were 
at once perceived, and three months 
afterwards he was called to ordi- 
nation. He submitted with tremb- 
ling, and the solemn rite took 
place at Holly Springs, at their 
monthly meeting, in July of that 
year, when he had been a mem- 
ber of the church but eleven 
months. The officiating Presby- 
ters were Elder Isaac Hicks, his 
Pastor,* and Nathan Gully, both 
of whom, eminently useful minis- 
ters in their day, have long since 
gone to their rest. From this 
hour, in which he took upon him 
the solemn vows of the Episcopal 
office, until that day in which he 
went up to inhabit " that temple 
not made with hands, eternal in 
the heavens," he magnanimously 



I devoted himself exclusively to the 
ministry, in the duties of which 
he expended his fortune and his 
life. Of the several pastorships 
he sustained, I will, for the sake 
of brevity, limit the notice to a 
bare catalogue. 

The Church at Mount Pisgah, 
near his youthful home, was t)ie 
first, of which I have information, 
over which he presided. After 
some years, he changed his place 
to Rocky River, in the same coun- 
ty, and took charge of the church 
at May's Chapel, in the vicinity. 
Thence, on their invitation, he re- 
moved to Sawmill Church, in 
Marlborough district, South Caro- 
lina. From that place, he retum- 
ed to May's Chapel. While here, 
he accepted the call of the Church 
in Raleigh, and removed to that 
metropolis. After some years, he 
resigned his pastorship there, and 
accepted the oversight of the 
Church in Greenville, Pitt county. 
Thence, he removed to the Church 
at Black Creek, in Southampton 
county, Virginia. His next and 
last place of residence on the other 
side of the mountains, was Bell- 
field, Greenville county, Va. 
Leaving this, he emigrate with 
his family to Tennessee, and after 
spending some time in itinerant 
labors in the middle part of the 
State, he settled in Lexington, 
Henderson county. He soon after 
took charge of the Church in Paris, 
in Henry county ; and after a few 
years residence there, removed to 
Holly Springs, Mississippi ; whence, 
he finally changed his residence to 
Salem, in that State, where expir- 
ed the afiectionate companion of 
all his journeyings, and which he 
regarded as his home, at the time 
of his death. 



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191 



From this rapid sketch, it will 
be seen, that Mr. Daniel was em- 
phatically a wanderer. He had lit- 
erally " no continuing city." This 
feature in his history, was the re- 
sult of causes, not difficult to be as- 
certained. His temperament was 
sanguine. He was easily discourag* 
ed, and as easily induced to change 
his place, by the prospect of greater 
usefulness at some other. The re- 
vival spirit had a permanent home 
in his heart. Where religious ex- 
citement prevailed, for the time, he 
was powerfully attracted, and 
strongly disposed to fix his resi- 
dence. But the consideration 
which, I apprehend, more especi- 
ally governed his movements, was 
the just conviction, that Divine 
Grace had designed and fitted 
him peculiarly for the labors of 
an Evangelist. He was, therefore, 
desirous of being constantly in the 
itinerant service. These, and not 
any dissatisfactions of his churches, 
or difficulties with them, were the 
causes of his frequent removals. 
No man had more than he of 
Christian urbanity and kindness, 
was more ardently beloved by his 
people, or more deeply regretted 
when he considered it his duty to 
leave them. These facts, if we 
had no other proof of their truth, 
were sufficiently demonstrated by 
the enthusiastic joy with which 
the feoiple over whom he had once 
presided, always greeted Ub sub- 
sequent visits among ihem. 

Another prominent characteris- 
tic of oar d^Murted brother was, an 
abiding desire to unite the people 
of God in evangelical actioiL, by 
which, he was assured, they could 
aecomplLsh more than in their se- 
parate and individual capacit}'. 
He understood and appreciated 



•the advantages, of which we may 
in this way avail ourselves, for 
the more thorough and extensive 
preaching of the Gospel, in our 
own and other lands. He was 
consequently, a zealous actor in 
the origination of many religious 
and benevolent associations, and 
the chief instrument, in the region 
of his labors, by which they were 
sustained. Much of his time was 
occupied with these duties. Dur- 
ing a greater part of his life, he 
was either a missionary or an 
agent, of some one or another of 
them. In these capacities he 
served successively, besides, per- 
haps, several others whose names 
do not now occur to me : the North 
Carolina Baptist Missionary So- 
ciety, and Baptist State Conven- 
tion ; the Baptist Board of Foreign 
Missions ; the Baptist General As- 
sociation of Virginia ; the Ameri- 
can Baptist Home Mission Society ; 
the Baptist State Convention of 
Tennessee ; the Education Socie- 
ties of Tennessee and Mississippi ; 
and the South- Western Home Mis- 
sion Society. When he was over- 
taken by the message which called 
him hence, he was on a tour 
which he had projected for th^ be- 
nefit of the last two of these rsjcie. 
ties, which he proposed to extend 
through Teimessee, Virginia, North 
and South Carolina, Alabama and 
Mississippi. 

When not especially employed 
as a missionary or agent, the whole 
region of the country, within from 
a hundred to two hundred miles 
of his residence, was frequently 
visited by him^ and especially 
such places as gave indications of 
revival. In these excursions, bis 
labors were often attended by the 
most glorious results. He was not^ 



192 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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consequently, much with his 
churches — and yet, most of them 
were, by his instrumentality, built 
up, and greatly enlarged and 
strengthened. It is, therefore, 
matter of no surprise, that during 
the last thirty years and more of 
his life, he fiU^ so large a space 
in the public eye, in the South 
and South- West He was honored, 
as the instrument of originating or 
advancing many powerful and ex- 
tensive revivals, from which the 
churches have been replenished 
with members, and out of which, 
have gone forth numerous minis 
ters into the Gospel field. In a 
letter to me, written from his 
death-bed, referring to these sub 
jects, he says : — 

" During the thirty-seven years 
that have passed away since I 
commenced the work of the min- 
istry, I have travelled for the pur- 
pose of preaching the Gospel, 
about sixty thousand miles, preach- 
ed upwards of Jive thousand ser- 
mons, and baptized more Hlj^tl fif- 
teen hundred people. Of that num- 
ber, many are now ministers of 
various grades, but twelve are men 
of distinguished talents and use- 
fulness, and ten^ mostly through 
my procurement, are regularly 
and thoroughly educated. Of all 
these," he adds, '* I have nothing 
to boast, only in Christ Jesus, my 
Lord. I regret, much, that I have 
done so little for his dear cause, 
and been so cold-hearted, and re- 
miss in duty." 

The readers of this article are 
aware that an Evangelist seldom 
baptizes more than a very small 
proportion of those who profess re- 
ligion under his ministry. If, then, 
our lamented brother baptized fif- 
teen hundred, we may safely con- 



clude, that he had been the instru- 
ment of the conversion of five 
times that number, or, at least, 
seven thousand five hundred per- 
sons. 

Mr. Daniel was emphatically, 
the friend of young ministers. Af. 
fectionate and sympathetic in his 
intercourse with them, he was ever 
ready to impart instruction, and to 
encourage and sustain them by 
his countenance and influence. 
His advice was always in favor of 
a close and constant study of the 
Bible, joined with ardent prayer, 
humility, and exclusive devotion 
to the glorious cause. Many a 
young minister has felt, for years, 
the influence of a few hours' inter* 
course with him. 

" His eye was meek and gentle, and a inule 

■T'Iavo^ rtti Ilia lina • oii/l in Vkia orkA^kAli waa li 



Plajeia on his lips ; aud in his speech was heard 



Paternal sweetness, dignity, and love. 
The occupatiun dearest to his heart 
Was to encourage goorlness." 

To no man more than to him^ is 
the Church in the South and 
South-West indebted, for the spirit 
that now prevails, and the means 
at her command, for ministerial 
improvement 

He was truly apostolic in his 
sentiments and actions, regarding 
the spread of the Gospel. His soli- 
citude could not be circumscribed 
by the boundaries of a town, a 
county, a state, or even continent 
His soul was too expanded to 
move in so small a circle. The 
cause of Christ was the same in 
all lands to him, and had the same 
measure of his prayers, labors and 
anxieties. In the last article he 
ever wrote for publication, he ear- 
nestly, as professedly his dying 
admonitiom, solicits the ministry 
to give themselves wholly to the 
work ; to avoid all feelings of sel- 
fishness ; in their addresses to be 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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193 



plain, brief, perspicuous, and to 
preach to the heart ; to be affec- 
tionate to other denominations; 
to seek self-government, and con- 
tinued mental advancement ; to 
indulge no jealousies towards each 
other ; to seek out and encourage 
young men whose duty it may be 
to preach ; and to avoid secular 
and political stations and honors ; 
to be faithful in private intercourse ; 
to be industrious in preparations 
for the pulpit ; to abjure all ego- 
tism ; never to ordain any man, of 
whose fitness for the sacred office 
they are not entirely satisfied ; and 
to remember that, whatever may- 
be their literary and philosophical j 
attainments, without a thorough' 
knowledge of the Bible, they are 
unprepared to perfonn the duties 
of a minister of Christ. In the 
same paper, he exhorts the churches 
to be indissolubly united in their 
efibrts for the spread of the Gos- 
pel; to sustain the ministry by 
their co-operation, their prayers, 
and their contributions ; to provide 
means, for the education of those 
who are preparing to enter the 
field ; to see that they are all de- 
voted to the work ; to secure the 
services of able and efficient dea- 
cons ; and to cultivate among 
themselves, assiduously, the spirit 
of concord. Thus is his character 
illustrated, with reference to the 
general cause of salvation. 

Than our lamented brother, few 
men have ever possessed in a high- 
er degree, the qualifications neces- 
sary to a successful minister of 
the Gospel. 

He had not the learning of the 
schools, and yet, if education con- 
sist in the discipline of the mind ; 
the expansion, and energy, and 
discrimination of the intellect ; the 



ability to perceive the nature, the 
relations^ the bearings and influ- 
ence of any subject he wished to 
investigate, his was unquestion- 
ably, most extensive and thorough. 
The Bible, and the human heart, 
were his chief books. He read 
little else. His rhetoric, he drew 
from his own elegant taste; his 
logic, from his discriminating and 
enlightened judgment, as to what 
is true in argument ; his metaphy- 
sics, from his constant contact 
with the human mind ; his ethics, 
from God's revelation ; and all 
the sciences and arts, from their 
original sources. In literature, the 
knowledge of his vernacular, with- 
out pretensions to critical accuracy, 
supplied him with an easy, copi- 
ous, and beautiful style of speak- 
ing, which for perspicuity and 
force, if not elegance and splen- 
dor, has not often been equalled 
by those who are classically read. 
His manner was natural and 
afiectionate. Highly polished £ts a 
gentleman — ^grave, dignified and 
courteous, in social intercourse, he 
was in the pulpit, lucid, spiritual, 
and impressive. As a friend, he 
was gentle £ts ''the first mild 
beams of morning's glorious sun ;" 
when he ascended the pulpit, he 
blazed £ts the noontide rays of the 
same solar orb. 

** The breath of air that stirs the harp's soft string," 

is an emblem of his spirit in the 
circle of his friends. On the walls 
of Zion, that zephyr " rose into the 
whirlwind and the storm." 



-All attitude and stare, 



** And start theatric, practised at the glass," 

were his perfect scorn. Possessing 
a tall and manly person ; a coun- 
tenance of the finest mould, intel- 



1 



194 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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lectual, and benevolent; a voice 
in which was mingled the sweet- 
ness of music and affection ; and 
during many years past, locks upon 
his brow as white as wool ; his 
whole aspect and manner, instant- 



detraction. All these, however, 
are now covered by the dust of the 
grave-yard, which lies upon his 
bosom ; and never did it press a 
purer, a warmer, or a more gener- 
ous heart He has descended to 



ly enchained his hearers, and made j the tomb, without a spot to disfi 
them feel that they were in the : gure the escutcheon of his fame, 
presence of a great and good man. ! To his closing hour, he retun- 
His piety was consistent, ardent, ed his accustomed vigor of mind. 



and cheerful. He was uniformly 
prayerful, ready to every good 



Of his last sennou; the writer of 
this article was an auditor. His 



word and work, ever prepared to, subject, was " The Christian 
weep with those who weep, and j Brotherhood,^^ with a valedictory 
to rejoice with those who rejoice, ! address to the people from the 
to instruct the inquirer, and to; text, 2 Cor. xiii. 11. "Finally, 
point all to "the Lamb of God, I brethren, farewell. Be perfect, be 
who taketh away the sin of the . of good comfort, be of one mind, 
world." ; live in peace, and the God of love 



As a divine, his orthodoxy was 
above suspicion. His knowledge 
of the profound doctrines of the 
Gospel, was extensive and minute, 
and his ability to make them un- 
derstood by his audience, was un- 
usual. These, he always associa- 
ted in the mind with their practi- 
cal bearings and relations to expe- 
rimental religion. The cross of 
Christ was his favorite theme. 
Thence, he derived all his own 
hopes, and to that he ever directed 
the hopes of the people, as the 
fountain of salvation, and the 
source of eternal life. 

Such as a man, a Christian, and 
a minister, was our beloved and 
lamented Father in the Gospel. 
That he was free from imperfec- 
tions, and even grave faults, we do 
not pretend. We claim not for him 
exemption from the common lot 
of humanity. He would himself 
have shrunk from such an intima- 
tion, as fulsome and revolting. 
There are dark spots in the sun. 
Nor did he escape, entirely, the 



and peace shall be with you." 
His body was worn down and em- 
aciated with disease, but he was 
evidently much interested, and 
soon became warm with his sub- 
ject. His eyes were partially 
lighted up with their usual fire, 
and his thoughts occasionally 
arose, and sparlded with glowing 
brillancy ; but they were like the 
distant flickering of the lightning, 
in the far off storm cloud, which 
had expended its force, and nearly 
passed away. He tottered from 
the pulpit to his bed, where he 
lingered until Saturday evening, 
the 12th September, 1840. He 
then called to him his sons resi- 
dent in Paris, Tenn., whither his 
friends had conveyed him from 
Lebanon, and announced to them, 
that he was about to go — ^that 
chilly death had commenced his 
actual work. He gave them 
calmly all necessary directions, 
and addressed to them, and the 
numerous friends that crowded 
around him, his final exhortations. 



withering breath of calumny and | Still he lingered. The holy Sab- 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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195 



bath passed in devotion, and Mon- 
day arrived. 

■ All round waa calm. 

While on the bed of death the piona saint 
Was waiting for his passport, l^ot a voice 
Broke on OwLi holy stillness— not a iproan. 
To tell of nature*8 sufferings, met the ear. 
All — all — was peace, llie healing aid 
Was proffered by the hand of love ; but he, 
The c^ing one, now knew his hour had coma, 
And looked, alone, to Him in whom his soul 
So long had rented. With an eye of faith 
He saw the heavens opened — waiting spirits stood 
To bear him upwards ; and he seemed to hear 
Some notes iVum angels* minstrelsy." 

He had given his all to God, 
and only whispered audibly — ^these 
were his last words — " Lord Jesus 
receive my spirit," and/?// asleep. 

There lay his body, but his soul 
had gone, after a weary journey of 
sixty-seven years on earth, to tune 
its golden harp in the presence of 
the Saviour. He who had wept, 
and prayed, and toiled so much, 
had ascended to dwell with those, 
who long before, had crossed the 
flood of gloomy Jordan. We will 
not now ask — how could he be 
spared ? Who is to take his place 
in the battle field ? God is infin- 
itely wise and good. 

We will only add, that not a 
pang or groan marked his exit. 
"Ravished with a view of Hea- 
ven's glory, he forgot to live, and 
left on his pale corpse, now a fal- 
len ruin, such a peaceful smile, as 
well might prove his victory in 
death." Oh, it is gain thus to 
die! When rich atoning blood 
purifies the spirit, and faith lays 
her strong hand on the blessed 
Lamb, who bore our load of guilt 
and wo, then darkness flees away, 
and through the dreary vale of the 
King of Terrors, a glory shines 
which tells of immortality. And 
there are angel baruls of bright at- 
tendants — angel notes to greet the 
joyful spirit, as it bursts away 



from its cold prison ; and beyond 
that valley, all is God and Hea- 
ven. — Dr. Howell in Bap. Mem. 

DELL, William, M. D., an Eng- 
lish Baptist, was educated at the 
University of Cambridge, and was 
a clergyman of the Church of 
England, officiating in the parish 
of Yeldon, Bedfordshire. Nothing 
is known of his holding any con- 
nexion with the Baptists, until the 
civil wars, when the subject of re- 
forming the church become agi- 
tated. To that question he brought 
all the energy of his intellect, and 
all the warmth ol' his heart. De- 
riving from his Bible clear views 
of the spirituality of the present 
dispensation, pronounced the sen- 
timent, that, " to make a whole 
kingdom a church was a mystery 
of iniquity.'' It is said by Dr. 
Calamey, that Baxter's most fre- 
quent disputes with Dell, was 
about liberty of conscience j " that 
is, that the magistrate had nothing 
to do in matters of religion by 
constraint or restraint, but every 
man might not only hold and be- 
lieve, but preach and do in mat- 
ters of religion what he pleased." 
In that year, 1645, Mr. Dell be- 
came chaplain in the army, and 
preached regularly in the quarters 
of Sir Thomas Fairfax. He was 
intimate with Oliver Cromwell, 
and the leading men of those 
times. In 1 646, he was appointed 
to preach before the House of 
Commons on a public fast-day. 
In the course of his sermon, he 
took occasion to speak of the evil 
of persecution, and of using exter- 
nal force in promoting religion. 
The preacher who followed him, 
animadverted on that part of Mr. 
Dell's discourse, and defended the 
right of the magistrate to interfere 



196 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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in matters of conscience. This 
led to public discussion by means ; 
of the press, and thus Mr. Dell; 
stood forth as a leader of the 
party who favored religious liberty, j 
and Mr. Love, his opponent, a: 
Presbyterian, was at the head of 
those who advocated persecution. 
In 1649, IMr. Dell was appointed 
Master of Caius College, Cam- 
bridge, and retained his station 
until he was ejected by the act of 
uniformity." (Hague's Church 
Translated, p. 163-4.) The Bib- 
liotheca Britannica represents him 
as master of Greenville and Caius 
College, Cambridge, and gives the 
following list of his works: 1. 
Power from on High ; delivered 
in two Sermons on Acts i. 8. 
Lond. 1655, 4to. 2. Right Re- 
formation, in a Sermon before the 
House of Commons, with a Reply 
to the Contradictions of Mr. Love's 
Sermons. Lond. 1646, 4to. 3. 
Sermon on Heb. ix. 10. Lond. 

1646, 4to. 4. The building of the 
truly Christian Church, represent- 
ed in a Exposition on Isaiah iv. 
11, 17. Lond. 1646, 4to. 5. Uni- 
formity Examined, whether it may 
be found in the Gospel or the prac- 
tice of the Church of Christ. 
Lond. 1646, fol. 6. The Way of 
true Peace and Unity among the 
Faithful and Churches of Christ. 
Lond. 1649, 4to. 7. The Crucifi- 
ed and Quickened Christians ; or a 
Discourse on Gal. ii. 19, 20. Lond. 
1652, 4to. 8. Several Sermons 
and Discourses. Lond. 1652, 4to. 
9. Tryall of the Spirits, both in 
teachers and hearers. Lond. 1653, 
4to. 10. The Stumbling Stone. 
Lond. 1653, 4to. 11. B«jrTkr/^wAJi»x»i' ; 
or, the Doctrine of Baptism. Lond. 

1647, 12mo. 12. Select Works. 
Lond. 1773, 8vo. We cannot 



close this article without, once 
again, renewing our expression of 
surprise that the charge of illiter- 
ateness has ever in any age been 
alleged against the Baptists, and 
at the same time we must confess 
our mortification that any of our 
cherished and beloved denomina- 
tion should ever have tamely ad- 
mitted its truth. 

DEWHERST, Thomas, origi- 
nally of Backup, in Lancashire, 
where he was a member of a Bap- 
tist Church, under the care of Rev. 
Richard Ashworth. He was re- 
ceived a member of Turner's Hall, 
London, August 19, 1715, and 
after a further trial of his minis- 
terial gifts, was ordained to the 
pastoral office on the 29th of the 
same month. Mr. Wallin opened 
the work of the day, and was the 
mouth of the church upon the oc- 
casion; two members of the church 
oflfered public prayer, Mr. Mark 
Key gave a word of exhortation 
to the minister, and Mr. John 
Skepp preached to the church; 
Mr. Dewhurst then closed the 
work of the day with prayer. 
He continued at Turner's Hall 
about seven years, till 1723, when 
he either died or removed to some 
other place. Mr. Dewherst was 
one of the subscribing brethren at 
the Salter's Hall Synod in 1719. 
Wilson's Hist Dissent. Churches, 
vol. 1, pp. 144, 145. 

DENNE, John, father of Henry 
Denne, a General Baptist minister, 
who preached chiefly in the coun- 
ties of Huntingdon and Cambridge. 
He was fined for preaching a ser- 
mon, entitled — Glad Tidings of 
Peace — the printing of which 
was delayed by persecuting oppo- 
sition many years, was published 
in 1699. Crosby, vol. 3, p. 114. 



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CYCLOPEDIA 



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197 



DENNE, Henry, a minister 
and author of eminence among 
the English Baptists of the seven- 
teenth century, received his edu- 
cation in the University- of Cam- 
bridge, and about the year 1630, 
took orders in the church of Eng- 
land from the hands of the bishop 
of St. David's. The first living he 
obtained was that of Pyrton, in 
Hertfordshire, which he held about 
ten years ; and being a more fre- 
quent and lively preacher than 
most of the clergy in his neighbor- 
hood, was greatly beloved and res- 
pected by his parishioners. A 
visitation being held at Baldock, 
in the above county, in the year 
1641, Mr. Denne was the person 
selected to preach on the occasion. 
In this sermon he freely exposed 
the sin of persecution, and took 
occasion to lash the vices of the 
clergy with so much freedom as 
gave great offence, and occasioned 
many false reports, which obliged 
hiin to print it in his own defence. 
From this time he was taken 
great notice of as a man of extra- 
ordinary parts, and a proper per- 
son to help forward the designed 
reformation. The revolution which 
took place in the state afterwards, 
occasioned a material alteration in 
religious affairs, many learned men 
were led to a closer study of the 
sacred Scriptures, as well as a 
more acurate investigation of some 
doctrines, then generally received 
as true. Of this number was Mr. 
Denne, who judging that the bap- 
tism of infants, had no foundation 
either in Scripture, or in the pur- 
est ages of the church, publicly 
professed himself a Baptist, and 
about the year 1743, was baptized 
by immersion, in London. He 
immediately joined himself to the 



church in Bell Alley, of which 
Mr. Lamb was pastor, and still 
continued his ministry both there 
and in different parts of the coun- 
try. This change in Mr. Denne's 
sentiments exposed him to the re- 
sentment of the ruling powers, 
who put frequent obstructions in 
the way of his preaching. In the 
year 1644, he was apprehended in 
Cambridgeshire, by the committee 
of that county, and sent to prison 
for preaching against infant bap- 
tisfn. After he had been confined 
some time, his case, through the 
intercession of some friends, was 
referred to a committee of Parlia- 
ment; and he was sent up to Lon- 
don, where he was kept prisoner 
in Lord Peter's house, in Alder- 
gate-street, till the committee 
heard his case and released him. 
At this time there was confined in 
the same prison the learned Dr. 
Daniel Featley, famous for his op- 
position to the Baptists. The Doc- 
tor having published a book, call- 
ed " The Dipper's Dipt, &c.," it 
was laid in the way of Mr. Denne, 
who having read it, thought him- 
self called upon to defend his prin- 
ciples. He therefore challenged 
the Doctor to a disputation, which 
being accepted, Mr. Denne is re- 
ported to have had the best of the 
argument, and the Doctor declined 
proceeding further, under pretence 
that it was dangerous to do so 
without license from the govern- 
ment. Mr. Denne immediately 
set about answering the Doctor's 
book, and in the course of a few 
weeks produced a very learned 
and ingenious reply. After his 
release, notwithstanding the ob- 
noxious nature of his opinions, Mr. 
Denne obtained, by some means, 
the parish of Elsly, in Cambridge- 



198 



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shire, where he preached publicly 
in the church, and was much fol- 
lowed. But this excited the jeal- 
ousy of the Presbyterian party. 
Being, upon an occasion, to preach 
a lecture at St. Ives, the commit- 
tee of the county issued an order 
to prevent him ; upon which he 
went into a neighboring church- 
yard, and preached under a tree, 
to a number of people, and to the 
great mortification of his oppo- 
nents. In June, 1646, he was 
again apprehended by two justices 
of the peace, at Spalding, in Lin- 
colnshiro, and committed to prison 
for bapiizing some persons in the 
river. Being thus pursued by the 
ruling clergy, Mr. Denne was 
obliged to quit his living ; and 
seeing no prospect of usefulness in 
the church, he went into the army. 
As he was a man of great courage, 
and zeal for the liberties of his 
country, he behaved himself so 
well in the character ol' a soldier, 
as to gain a reputation not inferior 
to many who had made it the 
profession of their lives. At the 
conclusion of the war he returned 
to his former course of preaching, 
and took every opportunity of de- 
fending his principles. In the 
year 1658, he was engaged in a 
dispute concerning baptism, with 
Dr. Gunning, at St. Clement's 
Church, which lasted two days ; 
and he is said to have offered 
strong proofs of his abilities and 
learning, as a good scholar, and 
complete disputant. In his judg- 
ment concerning some doctrines of 
the gospel, he took the middle 
way, along with bishops Usher, 
Davenant, Mr. Baxter and others. 
On this accoimt, §ome accused 
him of being a great Antinomian, 
and others, a desperate Arminian. 



His death is supposed to have 
taken place soon after the restora- 
tion of King Charles the Second. 
Mr. Denne published the following 
pieces : 1. The Doctrine and Con- 
version of John the Baptist : a Visi- 
tation Sermon, 1642, 8vo. 2. The 
Foundation Children's Baptism dis- 
covered and rased ; an answer to 
Dr. Featley and Mr Marshall, 1645, 
4to. 3. The Man of Sin discover- 
ed, whom the Lord will destroy 
with the Brightness of his coming, 
1645, 4to. 4. The Drag-Net of 
the Kingdom of Heaven ; or 
Christ's drawing all men, 1646, 
8vo 5. The Leveller's Design dis- 
covered ; a Sheet, 1649. 6. A Con- 
tention for the Truth ; in two pub- 
lic Disputations at St. Clement's 
Church, between Dr. Gunning and 
Henry Denne, concerning infant 
baptism, 1658, 4to. See Wilson's 
History Dissenting Churches, vol. 2, 
pp. 440-443, and Hague's Church 
Transplanted, p. 160. Watt in 
his Bibliotheca Britannica gives a 
list of his works, as follows : 

1. Grace, Mercy, and Peace; 
containing God's reconciliation to 
man, and man reconciled to God. 
Lond. 12mo. 2. The Doctrine 
and Conversation of John the Bap- 
tist ; a Sermon. Lond. 1642, 
12mo. 3. A Conference between 
a Sick Man and his Minister. 
Lond. 1642, 12mo. 4. Antichrist 
Unmasked, in two treatises. Lond. 
1645, 4to. 5. The Man of Sin 
discovered. Lond. 1645, 4to. 6. 
The Liverer's Design discoTered. 
Lond. 1649, 4to. 7. A Contention 
for Truth, in two several Disserta- 
tions, between himself and Mr. 
Peter Gunning, concerning the 
Baptism of Infants. Lond. 1658, 
4to. 8. The Quaker no Papist. 
Lond. 1659, 4to. 9. An Epistle 



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recommended to all Prisons in this 
City and Nation. Lond. 1660, 
4to. 10. The Foundation of Chil- 
dren's Baptism discovered and 
razed ; an answer to Drs. Featley 
and Marshall, 1645, 4to. 11. A 
Contention for the Truth, in two 
public disputations, at St. Clem- 
ent's Church, between Dr. Gun- 
ning and Henry Denne, concern- 
ing Infant Baptism, 1658, 4to. 
The two last titles are Irom Bene- 
dict, p. 144, the preceding eight 
from Bib. Brit. 

DEW, Samuel, a Baptist of Eng- 
land. " His origin seems to have 
been humble, and he was bred to 
the trade of a stone-cutter; but 
how long he followed this profes- 
sion we are not able to say. His 
mind being seriously impressed, 
he applied in early life to the 
study of the Sacred Scriptures, 
and having embraced the princi- 
ples of the Baptists, commenced 
preacher in that denomination. 
After spending a few years in oc- 
casional labors, he settled with a 
Baptist congregation at Mitchel- 
Dean, in Gloucestershire, where 
he was very popular, and not a 
little useful. In 1731, he removed 
to London to succeed Mr. Noble, 
at Great Eastcheap. Here his 
popularity abated, nor did his 
labors meet with that success 
with which they had formerly 
been attended. In consequence, 
his congregation greatly declined, 
and, at length, upon the expiration 
of their lease about 1760, dissolved 
their church state. After this, 
Mr. Dew did not assume any min- 
isterial charge, but preached occa- 
sionally for his brethren, and com- 
municated with the church at 
Horsleydown, under the pastoral 
care of Dr. Gill. Mr. Dew was a 



man of respectable character, and 
esteemed a good preacher by the 
admirers of Calvinism. But the 
manner in which he explained 
some doctrines was considered by 
some persons as having an Anti- 
nomian tendency. Nothing, how- 
ever, could be farther from his de- 
sign. His only publication that 
we have met with, is a funeral 
sermon of Mrs. Mary Be vols, 
preached at Mr. Gill's meeting- 
house, 1st April, 1735, on Job xix. 
25. Mr. Dew survived the disso- 
lution of his church only a few 
years." Wilson, as quoted in pre- 
vious article, vol. 1, pp. 460, 461. 
DE AUCHY, Jacques, a Bap- 
tist merchant who suffered mar- 
tyrdom at Leewarden, the capi- 
tol of Friezland, in 1559. This 
good man, in the prosecution of 
mercantile operations visited Lord 
Van der Baal, an alderman of 
Harlengen, and in conversation 
urged incidentally something 
against the Roman Catholic 
Church. On the information and 
at the instance of this alderman, 
his professed friend, he was seized, 
imprisoned, his estate confiscated, 
his family reduced to poverty and 
beggary, and he, after an examina- 
tion before the Inquisition, was 
martyred the next year after the 
death of Bloody Mary of England 
died. " Confession of Jaques 
D'Auchy, made before the Com- 
missary and the Inquisitor," 13th 
January, a. d. 1558. This was 
first written in French and after- 
wards translated into Dutch, Ger- 
man, and English. It may be 
found in the Martyr's Mirror, pp. 
517-532, and extract of it in Be- 
nedict, pp. 94-98. He was a 
learned cidvocate of Bible and Bap- 
tist truth. 



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DENISON, John, an English 
divine, died at Reading, 1628-9. 
Published among his works one 
entitled — On the two Sacraments, 
Baptism and the Lord's Supper. 
Lond. 1621, 4to. 

DEAN, Mrs., wife of the Rev. 
William Dean. Mrs. Dean was 
born on the 29th of March, 1819, 
at Thetford, England. She was 
the daughter of E. H. Barker, Esq., 
a distinguished scholar, and the 
editor and author of several liter- 
ary works. Discovering in early- 
life a love for books and a capacity 
for acquiring knowledge, the pa- 
rents of Miss Barker afforded her 
every desirable opportunity for 
study, which she successfully im- 
proved. 

Having prosecuted her studies, 
including several European lan- 
guages, with great vigor and suc- 
cess, she commenced the study of 
the Chinese language at the age 
of seventeen, and the following 
year sailed for China, under the 
patronage of the " Society for the 
Promotion of Female education in 
the East." 

In March, 1838, she was mar- 
ried at Macao to the Rev. William 
Dean, with whom she proceeded 
to Bangkok, Siam, where she soon 
commenced a Chinese school, in 
the instruction of which she dili- 
gently and successfully labored 
for five years. By the combined 
influence of teaching and study, 
she had so far acquired the 
Chinese language as to speak and 
read it with readiness, and has 
left some proofs of her capacity at 
composition in thatdifficult tongue. 
Indeed, taking her acquirements 
as a whole, she probably knew 
more of the Chinese language 
than any foreign lady living. 



Her piety, which discoTered 
itself in childhood, was of an un- 
ostentatious but efficient character. 
Like an under current, thou^ 
unseen, it evidently gave direction 
to the conduct of her life. She 
needed only to be convinced that 
any given course was agreeable to 
her Divine Master, and she ad- 
hered to it with scrupulous tena- 
city, and pursued her way with 
untiring perseverance. In her 
choice of friends, and selection of 
books, she discovered a strong par- 
tiality to what was decidedly spiri- 
tual, and those who knew her 
best can testify to her love for 
retirement and communion with 
God. This she exemplified to be 
compatible with a cheerful and 
animated deportment in the do- 
mestic and social circle. She ap- 
peared most happy when most 
usel'uUy employed, and benevolent 
effort appeared ever to administer 
to the health of body and mind ; 
while she exhibited a practical ex- 
emplification of the saying, '^ dili- 
gent in business, fervent in spirit, 
serving the Lord." 

The health of her husband fail- 
ing at Bangkok, she sailed with 
him for China in 1841, where they 
arrived in May, 1842, at Macao— 
at which place was born the little 
daughter now left motherless at 
the age of ten months. In the 
latter end of October, of 1842, she 
took up her residence at Hong- 
kong, where, up to the last week 
of her life, she occupied a portion 
of her time in her favorite employ- 
ments of teaching and studying 
the Chinese language. She look- 
ed forward with delight to the 
time when she hoped to be per- 
manently located with her hus- 
band at a station northward, 



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201 



where she could be more entirely 
devoted to direct missionary works. 
But God sees not as man sees. 
On Tuesday morning, March 21st, 
she arose apparently in her usual 
health, and took her accustomed 
walk before breakfast. During 
the forenoon of the day, she merely 
mentioned that she felt uncomfort- 
ably ; but, in course of the after- 
noon, her husband found her so 
much indisposed as to warrant his 
calling her a physician. During 
the night her fever was very high, 
and her disease continued its vio- 
lence until Friday, when it assum- 
ed alarming features, and baffled 
the efforts of the most skilful me- 
dical treatment There were now 
manifest indications that the dis- 
ease had deranged the mental 
functions, which materially inter- 
fered with eliciting those marked 
expressions of faith and hope 
sometimes uttered by dying Chris- 
tians in the immediate prospect of 
dissolution. And yet conscious- 
ness lingered sufficiently for her 
to listen with marked attention to 
prayer and religious conversation ; 
and we know that having made 
her peace with God while in youth 
and health, she was ready for the 
solemn summons. Her disease 
now raged with unabated violence, 
rendering abortive the assiduous 
attentions and skilful treatment 
of her physicians : and throughout 
Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, 
she lay balancing, as it were, be- 
tween life and death, lingering 
upon the confines of time and 
eternity until half-past four o'clock 
on Wednesday morning, March 
29th, when the silver cord was 
loosed, the golden bowl broken, 
and her spirit took its upward 
flight to that world — where death 



is swallowed up in victory, and 
all tears are wiped away. 

Thus, on the 24th anniversary 
of her birth-day, the subject of 
this notice left her surviving bus- 
band and infant daughter to feel 
the loss of an affectionate wife 
and a devoted mother — a circle of 
Christian Iriends to mourn the 
removal of an agreeable associate 
and valued helper in their mis- 
sionary work, while she has enter- 
ed upon a higher service above, 
and commenced a life of immor- 
tality and unmingled enjoyment. 
By her life she has furnished a 
practical exposition of the meek- 
ness, the chastened cheerfulness, 
the patient perseverance and pious 
devotion of the Christian ; and by 
her sudden death, she has admon- 
ished us to live habitually in read- 
iness to leave this world and meet 
our Judge. She has left us the 
best of testimony in favor of early 
piety, a life of faith and prayer, 
and of the importance of the mis- 
sionary enterprise. 

In this cause she cheerfully de- 
voted her all, and in the prosecu- 
tion of her work she peacefully 
resigned her life. Though cradled 
in affluence, and nurtured under 
the influence of kindred friendship 
and refined society, influenced by 
an enlightened and consistent 
piety, she broke away from the 
embrace of affectionate parents, a 
beloved sister and endeared anso- 
ciates, and dared the perils of the 
.sea and the unseen dangers of a 
foreign land, the Hcofh of the infi- 
del and the superstition of the 
heathen, for the sake of promoting 
rthe welfare of her race, and the 
glory of her Saviour She now 
j"re«t» from her labors, and her 
work* follow her." One Chinese, 



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who had been her personal ser- 
vant up to the time of her death, 
followed her to the grave with 
marks of mourning, who by his 
prayer, and life affords encouraging 
evidence that he is preparing to 
follow his departed mistress. Dur- 
ing her labors among the heathen, 
it was her privilege to see several 
Chinese put on Christ ; and how 
far their conversion may be attri- 
butable to her influence, will be 
best known in a future world. Few 
persons have, during the same 
number of years, enjoyed better 
opportunities for a free and friendly 
intercourse with the Chinese, and 
perhaps none have improved them 
more assiduously, or produced a 
more salutary impression. 

The following extracts made by 
her from favorite authors, may in- 
troduce us to the principles by 
which she was governed, and the 
spirit she labored to cultivate. 

" Resolved, To spend a portion 
of time, thrice a day, for medita- 
tion, prayer, and reading the scrip- 
tures, — and to spend sometime on 
Saturday night in religious exer- 
cises for myself and relations and 
friends. 

" To receive reproof or remarks 
on my conduct and performances 
with meekness, even though harsh 
and unreasonable. 

" To endeavor, in giving reproof, 
not to offend, but to profit. 

" Never to enter into any dis- 
pute or into conversation about 
the character of any absent person, 
unless to answer some good end. 

'* When in company, consider 
that perhaps some present may be 
lying under the wrath of God ; 
should I not do something for 
such? Some who are sitting 
around me may be near eternity. 



" Consider what views I once 
had of those missionaries who did 
not converse profitably. 

'* What if this be the last oppor- 
tunity I shall ever have of doing 
good ? Am I improving it ? If 
the hour of my death should now 
come, am I suitably employed ? 

" In writing to my friends, in- 
quire : 1st. Do I keep fully within 
actual facts or strong probabilities? 
2d. Do I so write as will be apt 
to lead the public to expect more 
than can be realized ? 3d. Do I 
write, in regard to style, terms 
and address, becoming my age, 
talents, &c. ? 4th. Do I write 
an}i;hing, which if made pubUc 
would cause future self-reproach, 
or become an obstacle to my use- 
fulness ? 

*^The true missionary goes to 
his work with simple and sublime 
faith, high elevation of aim and 
desire, a spirit of entire consecra- 
tion to his work, not counting his 
life dear unto himself As he ad- 
vances in this work, he indeed 
finds it a career of labor and tribu- 
lations, but this only seems to give 
to his motives and aims a superior 
purity and heavenliness.^^ 

The last extract is underscored, 
and seems to have been her daily 
watchword. In another manu- 
script are found the following : 

" O, may I never be tempted to 
delay repentance to my dying day, 
but remember that the Lord has 
said, *they that seek me early 
shall find me.' " 

^* May I remember, that if I 
would die the death of the right- 
eous, I must also live the life of 
the righteous. There is nothing 
in life of which I can be certain 
but deathj and I know not when 
it may come— how necessary it is 



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203 



that I should make my whole life 
a course of preparation for death." 

These expressions appear strik- 
ingly prophetic, and find their ful- 
filment in the pious character and 
unexpected termination of her own 
life. She has fought a good fight 
and finished her course, and has 
gone to receive the reward of the 
faithful. May we follow her ex- 
ample as she followed Christ, and 
be prepared to pass in peace 
through the dark waters of death 
to the bright glories of the heaven- 
ly world. — Chinese Repository. 

DE VEIL, Carolus Maria, 
D. D., was born at Metz, in 
Lorrain, of Jewish parents, and 
educated in that religion, but by 
perusing the prophetical part of 
the Old Testament, and comparing 
it with the New, he was led while 
very young to embrace Christiani- 
ty. This so enraged his father, 
that with a drawn sword, he at- 
tempted to kill him ; but was pre- 
vented by some persons present. 
His great abilities soon advanced 
him to considerable preferment in 
the Galilean Church. He became 
a canon-regular of St. Augustin, 
prior of St. Ambrose, at Melun, 
and professor of divinity at the 
University of Anjou, where he 
proceeded doctor of divinity. In 
the year 1672, he published a com- 
mentary on the gospels of Mark 
and Luke, in which, besides a 
liberal exposition of the text, he 
took opportunity to defend the 
errors and superstitions of the 
Church of Rome. This so advan- 
ced his reputation, that he was 
i^pointed to assist in writing 
against the Huguenots, the then 
main adversaries of the Roman 
Oatholics in France. This em- 
ployment led him to examine the 



controversies between the Papists 
and the Protestants, to whose 
principles he had been hitherto a 
stranger; and finding the truth 
on their side, he freely followed 
the dictates of his mind. How- 
ever, to prevent the consequences 
that were likely to attend a change 
of his principles, he fled to Hol- 
land, where he abjured Popery, in 
1677, and soon after came over to 
England. Here he soon became 
acquainted with bishops Stilling- 
fleet, Compton, and Lloyd, and 
Doctors Tillotson, Sharp, and Pat- 
rick, and other clergymen. He 
was soon admitted to orders in the 
Church, and became chaplain and 
tutor in a family of distinction. 
In 1678, he revised his commen- 
tary on Matthew and Mark ; and 
in the following year, published a 
literal explication of Solomon's 
Song, which he dedicated to Sir 
Joseph Williamson, President of 
the Royal Society. This work 
was so well received by the clergy, 
both at home and abroad, that 
they encouraged him to proceed 
in expounding the other parts of 
the sacred writings. Upon this, 
he published, in 1680, his literal 
exposition of the Minor Prophets, 
which he dedicated to Lord Chan- 
cellor Finch. These publications 
strongly recommended him to Dr. 
Compton, bishop of London, who 
gave him all possible encourage- 
ment, and granted him free admit- 
tance at all times into his library. 
There he met with some writings 
of English Baptists ; and the argu- 
ments they used appearing to him 
to be founded on the word of God, 
he without hesitation embraced 
their opinions. After this he ob- 
tained an interview with the fa- 
mous Hanserd Knollys, and be- 



204 



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came intimately acquainted with 
Rev. John Gosnold, with whose 
learning and conversation he was 
so much taken, that he soon be- 
came a member of his congrega- 
tion. Such a proselyte as Doctor 
De Veil brought no small honor to 
the Baptists. But he lost all his 
old friends, as well as his employ- 
ments, with the exception of Dr. 
Tillotson, who valued men for 
their merits, not their opinions. 
Not long after this change in his 
sentiments, he wrote his Literal 
Explanation of the Acts of the 
Apostles. It was printed at Lon- 
don in 1684, and the following 
year translated by the author from 
the Latin, into the English lan- 
guage. In this piece he vindicates 
the principles and practices of the 
Baptists, with much learning and 
good judgment. After this. Dr. 
De Veil pra^stised physic for his 
maintenance, and he received an 
annual stipend from the Baptists 
till his death. As he was not a 
perfect master of English language, 
he never succeeded as a preacher. 
He was however a grave and judi- 
cious divine, a skilful grammarian, 
and a pious good man. He had a 
brother, Lewis De Compeigne De 
Veil, who also embraced the Pro- 
testant religion. He was a learned 
man, and before he came to Eng- 
land, interpreter of the Oriental 
languages to the King of France." 
Birch's Life of Tillotson, pp. 75, 
76, 77. Crosby, vol. iv., pp. 252, 
259. Wilson's Hist. Dissenting 
Churches, vol. Ij pp. 205, 207. 
Hague's Church Transplanted, pp. 
161, 163. 

DE LAUNE, Thomas, a Baptist 
minister and author, " was a na- 
tive of Ireland, the son of Roman 
Catholic parents. He received his 



education in his own country, un- 
der the patronage of the gentleman 
who owned the estate on which 
his parents lived. He was con- 
verted when a young man, and 
afterwards became teacher of a 
grammar school in London, and 
the minister of a Baptist Church. 
Dr. Calamy, one of the chaplains 
to Charles IL, having invited the 
Nonconformists to bring forth their 
strong reasons, that they might be 
fairly discussed, Mr. De Laune, 
published his immortal "Plea," 
the best work in defence of Non- 
conformity that was ever written. 
It passed through twenty editions, 
and Defoe, who wrote a preface to 
the eighth edition, says : " The 
work is perfect of itself; never an 
author left behind him a more fin- 
ished piece ; and I believe the dis- 
pute is entirely ended, If any 
man ask what we can say why 
the Dissenters differ from the 
Church of England, and what 
they can plead for it, I can recom- 
mend no better reply than this; 
let them answer in short Thomas 
De Laune, and desire the querist 
to read the book." Great as were 
the merits of his work, it was the 
occasion of his being cast into 
Newgate prison, where he lan- 
guished and died. As Defoe ob- 
serves, " few clearer heads, greater 
scholars or masters of argument 
ever graced the English nation." 
Hague's Church Transplanted, p. 
169. 

He was the author of the follow- 
ing works : — 1. Truth Defended ; 
or, A Triple Answer to Mr. Baxter's 
Review, Mr. Wills' Censure, and 
Mr. Whiston's Postscript. Lond. 
1667, 8vo. 2. Survey and Confu- 
tation of Joseph Whiston's Book 
of Baptism, 1676, 8vo. 3. The 



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205 



Present State of London. Lond. 
1681, 8vo. 4. A Key to open 
Scripture Metaphors ; in 4 Books, 
the three last hy Benjamin Keach. 
Lond. 1682, 2 vols. fol. 5. A Nar- 
rative of his Sufferings. Lond. 
1683, 1684, 4to. 6. A Plea for 
the Noncomformists ; to which is 
added, a Parallel Scheme of the 
Pagan, Papal, and Christian Cere- 
monies, with a Narration of the 
Trial and Sufferings of the Author. 
Lond. 1684, 1704, 4to. Lond. 
1712, 8vo. Sermon on Several 
Occasions. Lond. 1728, 8vo. Bib. 
Britannica. 

DEXTER, Gregory, a Baptist 
minister of America. '•He had 
been a stationer in London, Eng- 
land, and had officiated as a 
preacher among the Baptists of that 
city. Having incurred the dis- 
pleasure of the government by too 
free a use of his press, he fled to 
America, and in 1644, arrived at 
Providence. He was a correspon- 
dent of Roger Williams before he 
left England, and printed his Key 
to the Indian Language, at Lon- 
don, in 1643. It is probable that 
he and Mr. Green, of Boston, were 
the only two in New England 
who understood well the art of 
printing at that time ; at any rate, 
it is certain that Mr. Dexter used 
to go regularly to Boston, from 
year to year, to aid the latter in 
the publication of his almanac. It 
is said of him that he was remark- 
able for a grave and earnest man- 
ner, which never forsook him, and 
was always intent on the work of 
the ministry. When Mr. Vaughan 
visited Providence in 1652, in or- 
der to procure the aid of Mr. 
Wickenden in forming a church 
which should observe the laying on 
of hands as a divine ordinance, Mr. 



Dexter accompanied them to New- 
port, and seems to have taken part 
in that service, from which we 
may infer that he had united with 
those who had formed a separate* 
church there, under the care of 
Mr. Wickenden. After a while 
the latter removed his residence a 
short distance from the town, to 
the place now called Olneyville, 
and then the whole care of his 
ministry devolved on Mr. Dexter, 
who lived to the advanced age of 
90 years." Hague's Church Trans- 
planted, pp. 97, 98. This Dexter 
may have been a descendant and 
successor to Robert Dexter, the 
famous English Printer, Stationer, 
and Bookseller, who flourished 
from 1591 to after 1600. See 
Bib. Brit under his name. 

DICKINSON, Crispin. For a 
memoir of this Baptist minister, 
see Taylor's Lives, Va. Baptist Mi- 
nisters, p. 489, et seq. 

DICKINSON, Jonathan, a Pros- 
byterian. First President of Prince- 
ton College, N. J., author of — 1. 
Baptismal Regeneration, against 
Dr. Waterlaiid, 1742. 2. Ileflec 
tions on Mr. Wetmore's defence of 
Dr. Waterland, 1745. 3. A pam- 
phlet in favor of Infant Baptism, 
1746. Ben. p. 277. 

DRINKWATER, Richard, an 
English Baptist minister, born at 
Milton Abbey, Dorset county, 
1646, baptized 1667, ordained pas- 
tor of the Baptist Church at Ports- 
mouth, 1669, he suffered fines and 
imprisonments, once was in jail 
eighteen months for conscience 
sake. His ministry was success- 
ful many years, and to the last he 
I maintained his integrity ofcharac- 
iter, and exhibited prudence and 
piety under all circumstances. 
: Crosby, vol. 3, p. 137. 



206 



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Do 



DICKENS, L, a writer against 
the Anabaptists, about the close 
of the eighteenth century, men- 
tioned by Benedict, p. 926, on the 
authority of Dr. Sears. 

DIPPING. See Articles in this 
volume. Barber Edward, Cooke 
William, Guidot Thomas, and 
Anabaptist, Anabaptism, Catabap- 
tist. Baptist, Baptism, Paedobap- 
tism, and references under them. 

DORE, James, an English Bap- 
tist minister and author. He stu- 
died under the patronage of the 
Bristol Education Society, and 
was sent into the ministry by 
the Baptist Church at Cirencester, 
of which his brother was pastor. 
He received his first invitation to 
preach at Maze Pond, in Decem- 
ber, 1782, and in the November of 
the following year, was elected to 
the pastoral office by the general 
suffrage of the church. His pub- 
lic ordination took place 25th 
March, 1784 ; Mr. Robinson, of 
Cambridge, delivered the intro- 
ductory discourse; his brother, 
Mr. William Dore, delivered the 
charge ; and Mr. W. Clarke, 
preached to the people. Wilson's 
Hist. Diss. Churches, vol. 4. p. 294. 
Among his published works, we 
have the titles of the following : 

1. Letters on Faith, Lond. 1786. 

2. Sermons on the African Slave 
Trade, Lond. 1788, 8vo. 3. Sermon 
on the death of Mr. John Flight, 
1791, 8vo. 4. The principles of 
Anti-Paedobaptism, (i. e. Baptism,) 
and the practice of Female Com- 
munion completely consistent ; in 
answer to the objections of Mr. 
Peter Edwards, Lond. 1795, 12mo. 

5. An Essay on the resurrection 
of Christ, in which proofs of the 
fact are added, 1797, 12mo. 

6. Christ crucified, the grand 



theme of Paul's ministry, illus- 
trated in a Sermon, 1804, 4to. 6. 
Religious Experience essential to 
a christian minister; a Sermon, 

1804, 4to. 7. The Holy Spirit, 
the Spirit of Truth ; a Sermon, 

1805, 8vo. 8. Three Sermons, 
1805, 8vo. 9. A sermon occa- 
sioned by the death of Rev. Abra- 
ham Booth, 1806, 8vo. Biblio- 
theca Brit. This may be the same 
James Dore noticed by Benedict, 
p. 190, as follows. 10. Sermons 
on Baptism ; with a preface and 
notes, by William Newman, D. 
D., 1824, 8vo. pp. 108. 

DORESTAAR. See Bayle's 
Crit. Die. vol. 1. p. 289, note H. 
Art. Anabaptists, and Batle Peter, 
in this vol. 

DODDRIDGE, Philip, D. D., 
born in London, 1702, died in Lis- 
bon, 1751, was minister at North- 
ampton, and is well known as au- 
thor of several Theological works, 
the most considerable of which 
was entitled — The Family Expo- 
sitor, or, a Paraphrase and Ver- 
sion of the New Testament, with 
critical Notes and practical Im- 
provements. Lond. 1760-2, 6 vols. 
4to. This work has been often 
re-printed, and published also ab- 
ridged. The testimony of this 
learned and pious Fsedobaptist will 
now be most copiously introduced. 
He says : — 

^' I have, indeed, a most dread- 
ful baptism to be baptized with, 
and know that I shall shortly be 
bathed^ as it were, in blood, and 
plunged into the most overwhelm- 
ing distress." Paraphrase on Luke 
xii. 50. 

2. '' And after Jesus was bap- 
tized, as soon as he ascended out 
of the watevy to the bank of Jor- 
dan. And John was also at that 



Bo 



CYCLOPiBDIA. 



Do 



207 



time baptizing at Enon, which 
was a place near Salim, a town 
on the east side of Jordan ; and he 
particularly chose that place be- 
cause there was a great quantity 
of water there, which made it 
very convenient for his purpose. 
Nothing, surely, can be more evi- 
dent, than that no^x* U»t», many 
j waters^ signifies a large quantity 
of water ^ it being sometimes used 
for the Euphrates. Jer. i. 13, 
Septuagint. To which I suppose 
there may be an allusion. Rev. 
xvii. 1. Compare Ezekiel xliii. 
2, and Rev. i. 15., xiv. 2., xix. 6., 
where the voice of many waters 
does plainly signify the roaring of 
, a high sea. Considering how fre- 
quently bathing was used in those 
hot countries, it is not to be won- 
dered that baptism was generally 
administeredhj immersion; though 
I see no proof that it wa43 essential 
to the institution. It would be 
very unnatural to suppose that 
they (Philip and the Eunuch) 
went dawn to the water^ merely 
that Philip might take up a little 
water in his hand to pour on the 
Eunuch. A person of his dignity 
had, no doubt, many vessels in his 
baggage, on such a journey, 
through so desert a country ; a 
precaution absolutely necessary 
for travellers in those parts, and 
never omitted by them. See Dr. 
Shaw's Travels, pref. p. 4. Buri- 
ed with him in Baptism. It 
seems the part of candor to con- 
fess, that here (Rom. xi. 4,) is an 
allusion to the manner of baptiz- 
ing by immernan, as most usual 
in those early times ; but that will 
not prove this particular circum- 
stance essential to the ordinance." 
Fam. Expos, on Matt. iii. 16, 
John iii. 23, Acts viii. 3S, Rom. vi. 4. 



! 3. "I render the word fut^ntv^ 
|c«rf, proselyte^ that it may be 
duly distinguished from hl^tn^fnr^ 
j teaching, (in the next verse) with 
which our version confounds it. 
The former seems to import in- 
struction in the essentials of reli- 
gion, which it was necessary 
adults should know and submit 
to, before they could regularly be 
admitted to baptism; the latter 
may relate to those more parti- 
cular admonitions in regard to 
Christian faith and practice, which 
were to be built on that founda- 
tion." Note on Matt, xxviii. 19. 

4. On Matt. xix. 4, he savs : " I 
acknowledge these words oi them- 
selves will not prove infant bap* 
tism to be an institution of Christ ; 
but if that appears from other 
Scriptures to be the case (which 
I think most probable) there will 
be proportionable reason to believe, 
that our Lord might here intend 
some reference to it." 

5. Although Dr. Doddridge 
might be quoted on Acts ii. 39, 1 
Cor. vii. 14, Acts xxviii. 23, and 
other passages, it is waived. 

DORSET, John, an English 
Baptist of London, who in 1762, 
endowed the Particular Baptist 
Church in Petticoat Lane. He 
was a tallow-chandler in Brick 
Lane, and bequeathed 900/. to be 
equally divided amongst nine non- 
conformist churches. Wilson, ut 
supra, pp. 425, 426. 

DOBSON, Alexander, a Bap- 
tist minister of London, who set- 
tled as pastor of Park-meeting Ge- 
neral Baptist Church, Duke-street, 
London, in 1757, and preached 
about ten years, till his death, 
which happened in 1767. Wilmin's 
Hist. Dissent. Churches, vol. 4, p. 
184. 



208 



Do 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Do 



DOLMAN, John, an Indepen 
dent, a Baptist, and a Churchman 
He had been bred to the trade of 
a basket-maker, but commencing 
preacher, became pastor of a con- 
gregation in Bristol, England. He 
there published — " Contemplations 
among St. Vincent's Hocks, near 
Bristol." Afterwards removing to 
London, he became pastor of the 
congregation in Blackfields, Lon- 
don. It was constituted upon the 
Independent plan, but afterwards 
adopted mixed communion and 
admitted Calvinistic Baptists. In 
1766, there was a lecture support- 
ed in this place, and preached by- 
Mr. Eades, and Mr. Richardson. 
As for Mr. Dolman, he continued 
to preach here about six or seven 
years, when he judged fit to con- 
form to the Church of England, 
the patrons of which rewarded the 
basket- maker with livings — the 
vicarage of Chalk, near Graves- 
end ; the rectory of St. James's, Isle 
of Grains, Kent ; and vicarage of 
Little Brickhill, Bucks ; ail of 
small value. He is said to have 
been a very ignorant man, and 
went by the name of 'Parson 
Twig.' His conformity took place 
in 1765." Wilson's Hist. Dissent. 
Churches, vol. 4, p. 343. By the 
bye, this is not a solitary instance 
of a Churchman's gown being 
conferred on ignorant, self-impor- 
tant, recreant Baptists, either in 
England or America, as a premium 
upon Episcopal orders. 

DOE, Charles, an English Bap- 
tist minister, and author of — 1. 
Collection of the Experience of 
the works of Grace. Lond. 8vo. 
Bib. Brit, also— 2. The Reason 
why not Infant sprinkling, but be- 
lievers' baptism ought to be ap- 
proved; because the Lord Jesus 



Christ, his fore-runner John, and 
the apostles, preached it, and prac- 
tised it, as herein will further ap- 
pear by scripture authority, in 
about forty texts, with notes on 
every text. To which is added— 
How Infant Baptism came in fa- 
shion. The evil tendencies of In- 
fant sprinkling. Difference be- 
tween believers' baptism and In- 
fant sprinkling, with several other 
things, 1702, 6th edition. From 
the title of this work, Fengilly 
must have read it, as also some 
other writers. For this last title, 
see Ben. pp. 159, 160. 

DOUGLASS, Caleb, a Baptist 
minister, born at New London, 
Connecticut, 11th February, 1766; 
died 27th September, 1833, at 
Gorham, Ontario county, New- 
York. He was first a Peedobaptist 
Separate, but afterwards in 1796, 
at Whitestown, New- York, was 
baptized by Stephen Parsons. He 
was ordained a deacon in 1799, 
and to the ministry 7th January, 
1802, and was pastor of Whites- 
boro Baptist Church from 1803 to 
1816. He was one of the founders 
of Hamilton Institution, a most 
pious, efficient, useful and success- 
ful minister, and in every relation 
of life, as well as in all his public 
trusts, was faithful. For a more 
full biography, see Peck and Law- 
ton's Historical Sketohes, pp. 206 
-218. 

DOBELL, Joseph, an English 
Baptist minister, author of— A 
New Selection of 700 Evangelical 
Hymns, Lond. 1806, 8vo. 2. Re- 
marks on the Arguments of Mr. P. 
Edwards, for the Baptism, Church- 
membership and Salvation of In- 
fants, 1807. 3. A Flowret for the 
Wealth of Humanity, 1812, 8vo. 
Bib. Brit. 



Du 



CYCLOPAEDIA. 



Du 



209 



DOWLING, John, D. D., now 
pastor of Berean Baptist Church in 
the city of New- York, author of — A 
Vindication of the Baptists from 
the charge of bigotry, and embar- 
assing missionary operations by 
translating and refusing to trans- 
fer, in all their versions of the 
Scriptures among the heathen, the 
words relating to Baptism. New- 
York, 1838, 8vo., pp. 30. Also a 
work on Romanism, and a Bevi- 
val Hynm Book, &c. 

DORRINGTON, Theophilus, 
M. A., Rector of Wittnessham, 
in Kent, Eng. Among various 
works against Dissenters, and on 
other subjects, he wrote and pub- 
lished, A Vindication of the Christ- 
ian Church in baptizing Infants, 
drawn from the Holy Scriptures. 
Lond. 1701, 8vo. Bib. Brit 

This writer, in the work above, 
p. 37, supposes that baptism was 
appointed by God in the beginning, 
and that it is a rite belonging to 
the old religion of the world, before 
the flood ; and on p. 44, maintains 
that ^'although parents be admit- 
ted into the new covenant, the 
children bom of them are not 
horn within the covenant^ but are 
as all others, bom in a state of re- 
bellion." 

DOD and CLEAVER. See 
Cleaver 

DUDLEY, Ambrose. See Tay- 
lor's Lives Virginia Baptist Minis- 
ters, p. 214, et seq. 

DUTCH Annotators. On Rom. 
tL 3, they say : " The Apostle 
seems here to allude to the man- 
ner of baptizing, much used in 
those warm Eastern Countries;, 
where men were wholly dipped \ 
into the water, and afterwards j 
rose up out of the water : to show ; 
that their dipping into and remain- 1 



ing in the water, is a represent- 
ation of Christ's death and burial ; 
and the rising up out of the water, 
of his resurrection." 

DUKE, William, LL.D., author 
of — A Course of plain and familiar 
Lectures on the Christian Coven- 
ant, or the Articles of the Chris- 
tian Faith, and on the two Sacra- 
ments, Baptism and the Lord's 
Supper, 1789, 12mo. Bib. Brit. 
Nothing more can be here recorded 
of this writer. We suppose him 
probably to have been an English 
General Baptist. 

DUNCAN, John, an English 
Baptist minister, pastor for a short 
time after 1792 of Rotherite Bap- 
tist Church, London. He had 
been deacon of Mr. Rrown's Church 
in Blackfields, and afterwards built 
a small place of worship in the 
Grange Road, but left it in conse- 
quence of some difference. Wil- 
son's Hist. Dissent. Churches, vol. 
4, p. 367. 

DU BOIS, J^ mentioned as a 
writer against the Anabaptists in 
1799. Ben. p. 926. 

DUNSCOMBE, Thomas. For a 
notice of this Baptist see Evans' 
Sketches of all Religions, p. 157. 

DUNSTAR, First President of 
Harvard University. For a notice 
of this Paedobaptist who was reallv 
a Baptist at heart, see Barbers 
Hist Mass. p. 548. 

DURFEE, Job, Esq., a Baptist 
Author of a Poem, entitled " Wif at 
Cheee," ba«ed on the salutation of 
the Indians to Roger Williams and 
his company on their first landing 
at Providence, R. I. 

DUNHAM, Jacob H. The first 
white person ever bapti^d in Lib- 
erty County, Georgia. As early 
as 1756 his grandfather settled in 
that county. Jacob, son of John 



210 



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HAYNES" BAPTIST 



Dt 



Dunham, was born 26th Feb., 1774, 
in Mcintosh County, Georgia. He 
was married 1799, baptized 20th 
Sep. 1806, and entered the minis- 
try in 1808, and labored 24 years 
until 25th Sep., 1832, when he died. 
The principal field of his labors 
were " the backwoods of Liberty," 
(where he settled upon his mar- 
riage,) "the settlements of poor 
people along the Altamaha River, 
the blacks about Darien, and on 
the Sea-Islands, (St. Catharine, Sa- 
pelo, &c.,) — these were the fields 
of his labors — these the people, 
who joyfully received the word 
from his lips» Year after year, till 
late in life, would he hold his 
plough handles up to the very hour 
when he should set out upon his 
mission, and then throwing the 
saddle upon his plough-horse, he 
would press forward, with a heart 
burning with love to God and man. 
Or, launch his canoe and work his 
slow passage from ten to fifteen 
miles, to carry the lamp of life to 
hundreds of poor blacks whose lots 
were* cast on the islands adjacent." 
** Hundreds, perhaps thousands, 
were converted under his ministry 
and baptized by his hands. No 
missionary in Burmah, in China, or 
Africa, was ever more willing to 
sacrifice all for Christ and his 
cause." The Baptists then had no 
organizations in Georgia to sustain 
home missionaries, and the people 
were unable to support him, but 
God was with him. — CampbelVs 
Georgia Baptists, pp. 50-52. 

DYKE, Daniel, M. A. A learn- 
ed and godly English Baptist Minis- 
ter, born 1617, at Epping, in Essex, 
died 1688, at London, and was 
buried at Bunhill-Fields, aged 70. 
His father, Jeremiah Dyke, was 
a parochial Puritan minister, at 



Epping, and was brother of Daniel 
Dyke, minister, first at Coggeshall, 
in Essex, and aft;erwards at St Al- 
ban's, in Hertfordshire, where he 
was suspended by bishop Ayliner. 
This Daniel Dyke, uncle of the 
Baptist subject of this memoir, was 
author of a work entitled "The 
Deceitfulness of the Human Heart," 
and other works. His nephew, 
Daniel Dyke, after due course of 
preparatory education at private 
schools, was sent to the University 
of Cambridge, where he took his 
degree of Master of Arts, and soda 
afterwards received Episcopal or- 
dination, and became immediately 
distinguished for his learning and 
useful preaching, and was in con- 
sequence promoted to the living of 
Haddam Magna, in Heitfordshire. 
He was made Chaplain in ordina- 
ry to Oliver Cromwell, and one of 
the Triers for the approval and ad- 
mission of Ministers in 1653, in 
consideration of his learning, judg- 
ment and piety. He had previously 
become a Baptist, and was one of 
the three Baptists with Tombes 
and Jessey which were appointed 
among the Triers. 

''Upon the Restoration, Mr. 
Dyke discovered his great integri- 
ty by refusing to conform to Epis- 
copal Government, and to the 
ceremonies of the Church of Eng- 
land. In contemplation, therefore, 
of the approaching storm, he vol- 
untarily resigned his living. When 
his intimate friend Mr. Case, who 
was one of the Ministers deputed 
to wait upon the King at the Hague, 
endeavored to dissuade him from 
his purpose, telling him what a 
hopeful prospect they had firom the 
King's behavior, &c., Mr. Dyke 
told him plainly '' that they did but 
deceive and flatter them^selves! 



Dt 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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211 



That if the King was sincere in his 
show of piety, and great respect to 
them and their religion ; yet when 
he came to be settled, the party 
that had formerly adhered to him, 
would have the management of 
pnblic offices, and circumvent all 
their designs, and in all probability, 
not only turn them out, but take 
away their liberty too." The wis- 
dom and justice of these remarks 
were fully justified by the King's 
subsequent conduct" 

"After Mr. Dyke resigned his 
living, he preached as often as he 
had opportunity, and through some 
kind appearance of Providence, was 
genially preserved from the rage 
and malice of his persecutors. 
Though he lived in two or three 
great storms, and had several writs 
out against him, yet he never was 
imprisoned more than one night. 
After preaching a year upon trial, 
be was chosen a colleague with 
Mr. Kiffin, at Devonshire-square, 
London, and set apart to the office 
of joint-elder, Feb. 17, 1668 ; Mr. 
Knollys, Mr. Harrison and Mr. Kif- 
fin, officiating upon the occasion. 
In this station he continued a faith- 
ful laborer, till removed by death 
in 1688, when he was about 70 
yeans of age. His remains were in- 
terred at Bunhill-f'ields, and his 
funeral-sermon preached by Mr. 
Warner. Mr. Dyke was a man of 
80 much modesty that he could 
never be prevailed upon to appear 
in print. His name however stands 
with some others in two or three 
printed papers, in the composing 
of which it is supposed he had some 
concern. These were, 1. The 
Quaker's Appeal Answered; or a 
ibll relation of the occasion, issue 
and progress of a meeting at Bar- 
bican, between the Baptists and 



Quakers," 1674. 2. The Baptist's 
Answer to Mr. Mill's Appeal, 1675, 
&c. 3. Recommendatory Epistle 
before Mr. Cox's Confutation of the 
Errors of Thomas Collier. He also 
edited a volume of sermons by his 
father. Wilson's Hist. Dissent. 
Churches, vol. 1, pp. 433-434. 
Crosby, v6l. 1, pp. 355-359. 
Hague's Church Transplanted, pp. 
157-158. 

Crosby, in vol. 3, p. 6, says, 
he was ejected from Great Haddam, 
in the County of Hartford, Dr. 
Calamy, as an evidence of his being 
Episcopally ordained, says : " That 
a certain person, when he had mar- 
ried, being desirous to get off from 
his marriage, he produced his or- 
ders, and by that means, he was 
disappointed." 

EATON, David, an English 
author of— 1. Scripture the only 
Guide to Religious Truth; a nar- 
rative of the proceedings of the So- 
ciety of Baptists in York, in re- 
linquishing the popular systems of 
religion, for the study of the scrip- 
tures. Lond., 1800, 8vo., 2d ed., 
1809. — 2. Letters to John Graham, 
in answer to his Defence of Scrip- 
ture Doctrines as understood by 
the Church of England; and in 
Vindication of the Narrative of 
the proceedings of the Baptists in 
York, 1801, 8vo.— 3. A Familiar 
Conversation on Religious Bigotry, 
Candor and Liberality, Lond., 8vo. 
—4. A Narrative of the Proceedings 
of the Baptists in York, Lond., 
1809, 12mo. This Eaton must 
have been a Baptist. Bib. Brit. 

EDWARDS, Morgan, A. M. 
The following biographical sketch 
of this truly eminent man, and dis- 
tinguished promoter of the Baptist 
cause in America, was drawn by 
Dr. William Rogers of Philadel- 



212 



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phia, in a sermon preached at his 
funeral, and by him communicated 
to Dr. Rippon of London, who pub- 
lished it in the twelfth number of 
his Annual Register, from which it 
is now extracted. The sermon, 
which for some cause was not 
printed, was preached in the first 
Baptist Clmrch in Philadelphia, 
February 22, 1794, on 2 Cor. yi. 8. 
By honor or dishonor ; by evil re- 
port and good report ; as deceivers 
and yet true. The Doctor, after a 
general and pertinent illustration 
of his text, thus proceeds: "My high- 
ly esteemed friend and father, the 
Rev. Mr. Morgan Edwards, request- 
ed, as you have already been in- 
formed, that these words should be 
preached from, as soon as conveni- 
ent after his decease. I presume 
he found them descriptive of what 
he met with in the course of his 
ministry. 

•' Honor, Mr. Edwards certainly 
had, both in Europe and America. 
The college and academy of Phila- 
delphia, at a very early period, hon- 
ored him as a man of learning, and 
a popular preacher, with a diplo- 
ma, constituting him Master of 
Arts ; this was followed by a de- 
gree ad eundem in the year 1769, 
from the college of Rhode Island, 
being the first commencement in 
that institution. In this seminary 
he held a Fellowship, and filled it 
with reputation, till he voluntarily 
resigned it in 1789 ; age and dis- 
tance having rendered him incapa- 
ble of attending the meetings of 
the Corporation any longer. 

"He also met with dishonor; 
but he complained not much of 
this, as it was occasioned by his 
strong attachment to the Royal 
Family of Great Britain, in the 
beginning of the American war, 



which fixed upon him the name 
of Tory : this I should have omit- 
ted mentioning, had not the de- 
ceased enjoined it upon me. For 
any person to be so marked out in 
those days, was enough to bring on 
political opposition and destruction 
of property ; all of which took place 
with respect to Mr. Edwards, though 
he never harbored the thought of 
doing the least injury to the United 
States, by abetting the cause of 
our enemies. 

" A good report our brother also 
had. The numerous letters brought 
with him across the Atlantic, fmm 
the Rev. Dr. John Gill and others, 
reported handsome things of him; 
and so did, in return, the letters 
that went from America to the then 
parent country. 

" Evil reports also fell to his 
share ; but most of these were false 
reports, and therefore he gave credit 
for them as a species of persecution. 
And even the title of deceiver did 
not escape him. Oft;en has he been 
told that he was an Arminian, 
though he professed to be a Cal- 
vinist ; that he was a Universalist 
in disguise, &c. Yet he was true 
to his principles. These may be 
seen in our confession of faith, 
agreeing with that re-published by 
the Baptist churches assembled eX 
London, in the year 1689. He sel- 
dom meddled with the five polemi- 
cal points; but when he did, he 
always avoided abusive language. 
The charge of Universalism brought 
against him was not altogether 
groundless ; for though he was not 
a Universalist himself, he professed 
a great regard for many who were, 
and he would sometimes take their 
part against violent opposers, in or- 
der to inculcate moderation. 

" Mr. Edwards was bom in Tre- 



£a 



CYCLOPiEDlA. 



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213 



vethin parish, Monmouthshire, in 
\ the principality of Wales, on May 
9th, 1722, old style; and had his 
grammar learning in the same par- 
ish, at a village called Trosnat; 
afterwards he was placed in the 
Baptist seminary at Bristol, in Old 
England, at the time the president's 
chair was filled hy the Rev. Mr. 
Foskett. He entered on the minis- 
try in the sixteenth year of his age. 
After he had finished his academi- 
cal studies, he went to Boston in 
Lincolnshire, where he continued 
seven years, preaching the gospel 
to a small congregation in that 
town. From Boston, he removed 
to Cork, in Ireland, where he was 
ordained, June 1, 1757, and resided 
nine years. From Cork, he return- 
ed to Great Britain, and preached 
about twelve months at Bye, in 
Sussex. While at Rye, the Rev. 
Dr. Gill, and other London minis- 
ters, in pursuance of letters they 
received from this church, (Phila- 
delphia,) urged him to pay you a 
visit. He complied, took his pas- 
sage for America, arrived here May 
23, 1761, and shortly afl;erwards 
became your pastor. He had the 
oversight of this church for many 
years ; voluntarily resigned his of- 
fice, when he found the cause, so 
near and dear to his heart, sinking 
under his hands; but continued 
preaching to the people, till they 
obtained another minister, the per- 
son who now addresses you, in the 
procuring of whom he was not in- 
active. 

'^ Aft;er this, Mr. Edwards pur- 
chased a plantation in Newark, 
New-Castle county, state of Dela- 
ware, and moved thither with his 
family in the year 1772; he con- 
tinued preaching the word of life 
and salvation in a number of vacant 



churches, till the American war. 
He then desisted, and remained 
silent, till aft;er the termination of 
our revolutionary troubles, and a 
consequent reconciliation with this 
church. He then occasionally read 
lectures in divinity in this city and 
other parts of Pennsylvania, also in 
New Jersey, Delaware and New 
England; but for very particular 
and afiiBcting reasons could never 
be prevailed upon to resume the 
sa^sred character of a minister. 

*• Our worthy friend departed this 
life, at Pencader, New-Castle coun- 
ty, Delaware state, on Wednesday, 
the 28th of January, 1795, in the 
seventy-third year of his age ; and 
was buried agreeably to his own 
desire, in the aisle of this meeting- 
house, with his first wife and their 
children; her maiden name was 
Mary Nunn, originally of Cork, in 
Ireland, by whom he had several 
children, all of whom are dead, 
excepting two sons, William and 
Joshua ; the first, if alive, is a mili- 
tary officer in the British service ; 
the other is now present with us, 
paying this last public tribute of 
filial afiection to the memory of a 
fond and pious parent Mr. Ed- 
wards' second wife was a Mrs. 
Singleton, of the state of Delaware, 
who is also dead, by whom he had 
no issue. 

" Several of Mr. Edwards' pieces 
have appeared in print, viz : 1. A 
Farewell Discourse, delivered at 
the Baptist meeting-house in Rye, 
February 8, 1761, on Acts xx. 25, 
26. 'And now, behold, I know 
that ye all, among whom I have 
gone preaching the kingdom of 
God, shall see my face no more ; 
wherefore, I take you to record 
this day, that I am pure from the 
blood of all men.' This passed 



214 



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Ba 



through two editions, 8vo. 2. A Ser- 
mon preached in the college of 
Philadelphia, at the ordination of 
the Rev. Samuel Jones, (now D.D.) 
with a narrative of the manner in 
which the ordination was conduct- 
ed, 8vo. 3. The Customs of Primi- 
tive Churches, or a set of Proposi- 
tions relative to the Name, Ma- 
terials, Constitution, Powers, Of- 
ficers, Ordinances, &c., of a church ; 
to which are added, their proofs 
from scripture, and historical nar- 
ratives of the manner in which 
most of them have been reduced to 
practice, 4to. This book was in- 
tended lor the Philadelphia associ- 
ation, in hopes they would have 
improved upon the plan, so that 
their joint productions might have 
introduced a full and unexception- 
able treatise of church discipline. 
4. A New- Year's Gift ; a sermon 
preached in this house, January 1, 
1770, from these words, * This year 
thou shalt die;' which passed 
through four editions. What gave 
rise to this discourse will probably 
be recollected for many years to 
come. 5. Materials towards a His- 
tory of the Baptists in Pennsylva- 
nia, both British and German, dis- 
tinguished into First-day, Keithian, 
Seventh-day, Tunker, andRogerene 
Baptists, 12mo. 1792. The motto 
of both volumes is, Lo ! a people 
that dwell alone ^ and shall not be 
reckoned among the nations. 6. A 
Treatise on the Millennium. 7. A 
Treatise on the New Heaven and 
New Earth : this was re-printed in 
London. 8. Res Sacra^ a Transla- 
tion from the Latin. The subject 
of this piece is an enumeration of 
all the acts of public worship, which 
the New Testament styles offerings 
and sacrijices ; among which, giv- 
ing money for religious uses is one; 



and therefore, according to Mr. Ed- 
wards' opinion, is to be done in the 
places of public worship, and with 
equal devotion. 

'' Besides what he gave to his 
intimate friends as tokens of per- 
sonal regard, he has left behind 
him forty-two volumes of sermons, 
twelve sermons to a volume, all 
written in large print hand ; also 
about a dozen volumes in quarto, 
on special subjects, in some of 
which he was respondent, and 
therefore they may not contain his 
own real sentiments. These, with 
many other things, unite to show 
that he was no idler. 

^'He used to recommend it to 
ministers to write their sermons at 
large, but not to read them in the 
pulpit; if he did, he advised the 
preacher to write a large fair hand, 
and make himself so much master 
of his subject, that a glance might 
take in a whole page. Being a 
good classic, and a man of refine- 
ment, he was vexed with such dis- 
courses irom the pulpit as deserved 
no attention, and much more to 
hear barbarisms; because, as he 
used to say, * They were arguments 
either of vanity or indolence, or 
both; for an American, with an 
English grammar in his hand, a 
learned friend at his elbow, and 
close application for six months, 
might make himself master of his 
mother tongue.' 

'^ The Baptist churches are much 
indebted to Mr. Edwards. They 
will long remember the time and 
talents he devoted to their best 
interests both in Europe and Ameri- 
ca. Very far was he from a selfish 
person. When the arrears of his 
salary, as pastor of this church, 
amounted to upwards of three 
hundred and seventy-two pounds, 



Ea CYCLOPiEDIA. Ea 215 

and he was put in possession of a 'cation to reading, he had obtained 
house by the church, till the princi- ! a remarkable ease of behavior in 
pal and interest should be paid,; company, and was furnished with 
he resigned the house, and re- j something pleasant or informing 
linquished a great part of the debt, ; to say on all occasions, llis Greek 
lest the church should be distress- [ Testament was his favorite corn- 
ed. _ _ jpanion, of which he was complete 

master ; his Hebrew Bible next, 
but he was not so well versed in 
the Hebrew as in the Greek lan- 



The college of Rhode Island is 
also greatly beholden to him for 
his vigorous exertions at home and 
abroad, in raising money for that|guage ; however, he knew so much 



institution, and for his particular 
activity in procuring its charter. 
This he deemed the greatest ser- 
vice he ever did for the honor of 



of both as authorized him to say, 
as often as he did, that the Greek 
and Hebrew are the two eyes of 
a minister, and the translations are 



the Baptist name. As one of its | but commentaries; because they 
first sons, I cheerfully make this vary in sense «s commentators do. 
public testimony of his laudable He preferred the ancient British 
and well timed zeal. version to any he had read ; ob- 

'' In the first volume of his Ma- , serving that the idioms of the 
terials, he proposed a plan for unit-j Welsh fitted those of the Hebrew 
ing all the Baptists on the conti-iand Greek, like hand and glove, 
nent in one body politic, by having \ '* Our aged and respectable I'riend 
the association of Philadelphia (the I is gone the way of all the earth; 
centre) incorporated by charter, and ■ but he lived to a good old age and 
by taking one delegate out of each I with the utmost composure closed 
association into the corporation ; his eyes on all the things of time. 



but finding this impracticable at 
that time, he visited the churches 
from New-Hampshire to Georgia, 
gathering materials towards the 
history of the whole. Permit me 
to add, that this plan of union, as 
yet, ha43 not succeeded. 
" Mr. Edwards was the moving 



Though he has gone, tliis is not 
gone with him; it remains with 
us, that the Baptist interest was 
ever uppermost with him, and that 
he labored more to promote it than 
to promote his own ; and this he 
did, because he believed it to be 
the interest of Christ above any in 



cause of having the minutes of the Christendom. His becoming a 
Philadelphia association printed, | Baptist was the efiect of previous 
which he could not bring to bear (examination and conviction, hav- 
for some years; and therefore, at ing been brought up in the Epis- 
his own expense, he printed tables, copal church, ibr which church he 
exhibiting the original and annual : retained a particular regard during 
state of the associating churches, his whole lil'e." Baptist Library. 
" There was nothing uncommon : EDWARDS, Peter. First a 
in Mr. Edwards' person; but he Pa^dobaptist, then for a few months 
possessed an original genius. By a Baptist, and then a Pa^dobaptist, 
his travels in England, Ireland, author of — 1. Candid Reasons ibr 
and America, commixing with all renouncing the principles of Anti- 
sorts of people, and by close appli- paedobaptism. Liond. 1795, 8vo. — 



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2. Baptism; being an address to 
Baptists and Pasdobaptists, Lond. 
1805, 12 mo. We have also Peter 
Edwards' Short Method with the 
Baptists. The first work was 
printed in the Methodist Discipline, 
American edition of 1812, and has 
been regarded by Paedobaptists as 
the master-piece of Pfledobaptists, 
although it contains not an original 
argument. Its merit consists in 
its brevity and sophistry, and is of 
all books most uncandid, and has 
become obsolete. 

EDWARDS, John, an English 
Baptist, author of— 1. A Vindica- 
tion of the sentiments contained 
in a late address, &c., to a con- 
gregation of Baptists, Lond. 1791, 
8vo. 2. Letters to the Rev. Mr. 
Medley, occasioned by his late be- 
havior while engaged in divine 
service, 1790, 8vo. 3. Sermon, oc- 
casioned by the death of the late 
Rev. Dr. Joseph Priestly, Lond. 
1804, 8vo. 4. The Friend of Christ 
sleeping in death ; a Funeral Ser- 
mon, Lond. 1804. 5. Sermon 
preached on the Thanksgiving Day, 
Lond. 1805, 8vo. 6. All Saints 
Church Derby ; a Poem, 1806, 4to 
7. Sermon, Lond. 1806. The list 
of his writings is given in full to 
distinguish him from several other 
authors of the same name. Bib. Brit. 

ED>\^ARDS, John, D. D., an 
eminent English divine, and author 
of numerous and voluminous works, 
born at Hartford, 1637 ; died 1716. 
We shall notice only three of his 
works, from each of which quota- 
tions will be added. 1. An Liquiry 
into four remarkable Texts of the 
New Testament, Lond. 1692, 8vo. 
In this work, pp. 143-144, he says: 
"Some of the Fathers held, that 
the Apostle's argument in the text 
(1 Cor. XV. 29,) is of this sort; If 



there shall be no rising of the dead 
hereafter^ why is baptism so signi- 
ficant a symbol of our dying and 
rising again, and also of the death 
and resurrection of Christ? For 
those that were proselytes to the 
christian religion, were interpreted 
to make an open profession of these, 
in their being plunged into the 
baptismal water, and in being there 
overwhelmed and buried jB& it were, 
in the consecrated element. The 
immersion into the water was 
thought to signify the death of 
Christ ; and their coming out^ de- 
noted his rising again ; did no less 
represent their future resurrection. 
On which account the minister's 
putting in of the christian converts 
into the sacred waters, and his tak- 
ing them out thence, are styled by 
St. Chrysostom, the sign and pledge 
of descending into the state of the 
(lead and of a return from thence. 
And, thus because the washing and 
plunging of the newly admitted 
christians, was a visible proof and 
emblem, first of Christ's, and then 
of their resurrection from the grave; 
the forementioned fathers have been 
induced to believe, that this pas* 
sage of our Apostle, which I am 
speaking of, hath a particular re- 
spect to that, and is to be inter- 
preted by it. Nay, this seems to 
agree exactly with the language 
and tenor of our Apostle himself, 
who may be thought to be the best 
interpreter of his own words; know 
ye not J saith he, that so many of m 
as have been baptized into Christj 
were baptized into his death? 
Therefore we are buried with him 
by baptism^ &c., Rom. vi. 3, 4." 

In his work, entitled Exercita- 
tions, critical, philosophical^ his- 
torical, and theological, on several 
important places in the Old and 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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217 



New Testament; in two parts, 
Lond. 1702, 8vo. Exercit. ix. p. 
136, commenting on Cant xii. 2. 
Thy navel is like a round goblet 
which wanteth not liquorP This 
passage he applies to baptism thus : 
" There is a great controversy solv- 
ed^ namely, between us and the 
Anabaptists, who are against the 
baptizing of children, because they 
are not come to the years of un- 
derstanding. Let it be remember- 
ed from what is suggested to us 
here, that infants (according to the 
notion which prevailed in those 
days,) receive nourishment by the 
naveL thaugh they take not in any 
I'ood by the mouth. So it is no 
good objection against baptizing 
infants, that they are ignorant and 
understand not what they do, and 
that they are not able to take any 
spiritual nourishment after the or- 
dinary way ; it may be done, as it 
is said here, by the navel^ by the 
federal knot or link which ties them 
fast to their christian and believing 
parents." This is the ablest de- 
fence of infant baptism we have 
ever seen from scripture, but it^ use 
by a learned Doctor of Divinity 
must injure the cause it seeks to 
promote. Lord, what is man that 
he should stoop to such means to 
prop infant baptism ? Another of 
his works may be simply quoted 
as another sample of logic. Theo- 
logia Reformata; Or, the substance 
and body of the Christian Religion, 
Lond. 1772, 2 vols, folio. Ten years 
after the author's death, was pub- 
lished vol. 3, Lond. 1726, folio. In 
this work, vol. 3, p. 568, on Matt, 
xxviii. 18, he says: * This general 
commission takes in all particulars. 
Goj baptize all nations^ is as much 
and as full as if Christ had said, 
6ro, baptize all men^ women and 



children.^^ Of course this interpre- 
tation includes untaught and un- 
converted Pagans, unbelieving 
Jews and Mahomedans, as well as 
Infidels. This would convert the 
world into a church without any 
other qualification but baptism, 
and such has been the policy of 
Papists, Episcopalians, Lutherans, 
and most Peedobaptist Sects. The 
argument is, I assure you my breth- 
ren — the simple declaration of a 
divine. — No, the commission is, 
make disciples and baptize disciples^ 
and a disciple is a christian before 
baptism, and when baptized is a 
baptized christian, but if not a 
christian before baptism, after bap- 
tism the baptized is a baptized 
ANTicHRisTiAN. Is it uot taking 
the name of the Father, Son, and 
Holy Ghost in vain, to use the 
name of the sacred Three in One 
in the mock baptism of one who is 
not really or professedly a christian 
first? Too much of our attention 
has been bestowed already upon 
this author. 

EDWARDS, Jonathan, an 
American PsBdobaptist, president 
of Princeton College, N. J., the 
celebrated author of " the History 
of Redemption," and various other 
learned theological works, unequal- 
led in merit. He says in a work 
entitled Discourses on Important 
Subjects, Boston, 1738, on p. 68 : 
" Positive precepts are the greatest 
and most proper trial of obedience ; 
because in them the mere authority 
and will of the legislator, is the 
sole ground of obligation, and noth- 
ing in the natures of the things 
themselves ; and therefore, they 
are the greatest trials of any per- 
son's respect to that authority and 
will." Baptists properly apply this 
truth to baptismal obedience. In 



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his Inquiry into the Qualifications 
for full communion, Bost. Ed. 1749, 
p. 1 1 7 and p. 30, ** On Providence and 
the Covenants" he might he quoted, 
were it consonant with our plan to 
develope or review the positions of 
authors. This reference must suf- 
fice. We must add, that in his 
History of Redemption, he main- 
tains paedobaptist views of the 
sacraments and covenants, and 
deals not the most fairly with the 
German Anabaptists, although his 
testimony concerning the Wal- 
denses, &c., is valuable properly 
modified. 

EDWARDS, Jonathan, D.D., 
an English Divine, born in Der- 
byshire, 1629; died, 1712. He 
was an able writer on various sub- 
jects, particularly against Socinian- 
ism. In his works entitled. Pre- 
servative against Socinianism, Oxf. 
1698-1703, 4to. part 3, p. .52. On 
Philological Interpretation he re- 
marks very properly, that " In 
words which are capable of two 
senses, the natural and proper is 
the primary ; and therefore, ought 
in ^\e first place and chiefly to be 
regarded.^^ A principle calculated 
to make Baptists. 

ERASMUS, DisEDERius Roter- 
DAMus, one of the most illustrious 
of the Revivers of Learning, was 
born at Rotterdam, 1467 ; died, 
1536. This most voluminous, 
learned, and classic theological 
author, is quoted only to show a 
specimen of pa?dobaptist positions. 
He says, "It is prohab/e the bap- 
tism of infants was instituted by 
Apostles; nevertheless, if one doubt 
thereof he should not be condemn- 
ed." This is somewhat more lib- 
eral for the period in which he 
lived, than was common in the 
advocates of human tradition. It 



is PROBABLE. If it Were so, would it 
not be found in the New Testa- 
ment and then be certain. 'Tis 
probable is an argument which 
might as well prove any other er- 
ror. 

EDZARDI, J. a German Luther- 
an, who wrote against the Anabap- 
tists from 1636 to 1651. 

EASTWOOD, Marvin, a Bap- 
tist author of — The Apostolic Plat- 
form, or a Vindication of the Bap- 
tists from the charge of Close 
Communion, it being the substance 
of a sermon preached by Marvin 
Eastwood, pastor of the Baptist 
Church, at Waterford, N. Y. Lan- 
singburgh, N. Y. Lamb, . Pr. 1842. 
This work we have seen and it is 
an able tract. 

ENGLAND, Church of.— In the 
Homily of the Resurrection it is 
written: "As we be buried with 
Christ by our baptism into death, 
so let us daily die to sin, mortify- 
ing and killing the evil motions 
thereof. And as Christ was raised 
up from death by the glory of the 
Father, so let us rise to a new life, 
and walk continually therein." 

In a book entitled, ^^CatechismuSj 
that is to say, a short introduction 
into christian religion for the syn- 
gular commodite and prosyte of 
childre and yong people. Set 
forth by the mooste reverende 
father in God, Thomas, Archbishop 
of Canterbury, Primate of all Eng- 
land, and Metropolitane. Gaulte- 
rus Lynne excudebat, 1548 ;" which 
was the first liturgy of the Pro- 
testant Church of England, adopt- 
ed during the Reign of Edward VI., 
says: 

" What greater shame can there 
be, than a man to professe himself to 
be a christen man, because he is 
baptized, and yet he knoweth not 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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219 



what baptisme is, nor what strength 
the same hath, nor what the dip- 
ping in the water doth betoken. . . 
When God is added and joined to 
the water, then it is the bathe of 

regeneracion, a bathe that 

washeth our soules by the Holy 
Ghoste, as Sayncte Paule calleth 
it, saying, God hath saved us 
thorowe hys mercye by the bathe 

of regeneracion, for bap- 

tisme and the dyppynge into the 
water doth betoken, that the old 
Adam, with all his synne and evel 
lustes ought to be drowned and 
kylled by daily contrition and 
repentance." 

The Rubric of the Church of 
England ordains that the '' Priest 
dip the child, unless it be certified 
that it be weakly." Also in one of 
the Baptismal Prayers, God is thus 

addressed — "Almighty Father 

who didst sanctify water for this 
use by the baptism of thy well be- 
loved Son IN the River Jordan^ 

The Provincial Councils of the 
English Church, while it was sub- 
ject to the See of Rome, ordained 
immersion^ a. d. 1106, York; 1200, 
London; 1217, Salisbury; 1224, 
Worcester; 1287, Exeter; 1306, 
Worcester, and the first Rubric did 
uot ordain adult baptism but only 
— Infant Trine Immersion^ and in 
the Prayer-Book preference is still 
given to dipping. 

As to other positions of the 
Church of England, they will be 
noticed more appropriately else- 
where, touching the sacraments. 
Enough is here quoted to show it 
to have maintained, enforced, and 
preferred immersion, while it ad- 
ministered the rite to children from 
the beginning of Protestantism, and 
from the beginning of Romanism, 
at the period of the visit of Austin 



the Monk first to the British Isles, 
and to the Baptists who had been 
there from the days of the Caesars, 
or at least as early, a. d. 150, were 
numerous, and exceedingly so in 
the beginning of the 7th century. 
But of this in its place under the 
periods to which each sect belongs 
in our History. 

EADES, Joseph, an English 
Baptist Minister, of whom nothing 
further can now be stated except 
that under Hart-street General 
Baptist Church, Westminster, Eng- 
land, Walter Wilson, pp. 15-16, 
says: ^^This gentleman is intro- 
duced in the capacity of assistant 
to Mr. Smith, which office he sus- 
tained a few years. His name oc- 
curs in a manuscript list of Dis- 
senting Churches in London, in the 
year 1727, and which is now before 
us. In the year 1728, or near upon 
that time, Mr. Eades removed to 
take charge of a General Baptist 
Society, at Safirom Walden, in Es- 
sex, where he continued to preach 
upwards of forty years, and died 
greatly respected, November 26, 
1769. He was a worthy and pious 
man, and possessed respectable tal- 
ents for the ministry/' He is not 
to be confounded with another 
person of the same name, who 
preached at Rateliff-highway, and 
! will be mentioned in his proper 
j place. 

I EVANS, Caleb. An English 
Baptist *^This worthy minister 
!was born in Bristol, in the vear 
1738 ; being the mn of the Rev. 
Hugh Evans, a minister and tutor 
among the Baptists of that city. 
Under the care and instruction of 
his excellent parent, he imbibed 
the first principles of learning and 
religion. At a proper age be was 
sent to London^ and placed in tha 



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Dissenting Academy at Mile-End, 
under Drs. Walker, Conder, and 
Gibbons ; and at the same time re- 
ceived a member of Dr. Stennett's 
Church in Little Wild-street. At 
the close of his studies, be preached 
for about two years as assistant to 
Mr. Thompson, in Unicorn-yard, 
and Dr. Furneaux, at Clapham. 
At the earnest request of the con- 
gregation at Broadmead, Bristol, he 
removed thither in 1759, to become 
colleague with his father. About 
eight years afterwards he was or- 
dained co-pastor ; and likewise as- 
sisted in the academy. In order 
to assist and extend the benefits 
of this institution, he planned in 
1790, "The Bristol Education So- 
ciety ;" and upon the death of his 
father in 1781, was appointed to 
superintend the concerns of the 
academy; in which Rev. James 
Newton, minister of another con- 
gregation in the same city, had 
been some years before appointed 
tutor. His good sense and piety, 
his acquaintance with men and 
things, and the knowledge he ac- 
quired by diligent study and read- 
ing, all happily qualified him for 
this important oflice. The improve- 
ment of his pupils in useful liter- 
ature, particularly in those branch- 
es of it which with the blessing of 
God might render them acceptable 
preachers, was what he earnestly 
desired ; and his incessant labors 
to that end were crowned with 
no small success. The perfect 
harmony which subsisted between 
the different tutors, reflected no 
small honor on them all, whilst it 
contributed greatly to the success 
of^the institution. In 1789, the 
University of Aberdeen conferred 
upon him the degree of Doctor in 
Divinity. The natural and acquir- 



ed abilities of Dr. Evans, combined 
with the amiable qualities of his 
mind, fitted him in an eminent de- 
gree for the stations of public use- 
fulness which he was called to fill. 
As a pastor, he was faithful, labo- 
rious, and aS*ectionate. His preach- 
ing was evangelical, experimental, 
and practical ; his manner of ad- 
dress grave, but not formal ; animate 
ing and commanding ; but neither 
affected nor assuming. Over the af- 
fairs of the church, he presided 
with prudence, candor, and steadi- 
ness. But his labors were not con- 
fined to ministerial duties. He 
published many occasional sermons 
and tracts in defence of the lead- 
ing truths of the christian religion, 
particularly the doctrine of the 
atonement, which he made the 
grand topic of his ministry. His 
zeal he tempered with christian 
charity, and understx)od well the 
right of private judgment. Sensible 
of the weakness of the human in- 
tellect, and of the difficulties felt 
by many upright minds with re- 
gard to certain doctrines, he was 
disposed to make every allowance 
for the disagreement of christians, 
and cordially embraced all who 
loved our Lord Jesus Christ in 
sincerity. He was a warm advo- 
cate for civil and religious liberty, 
and greatly rejoiced at the increase 
of both. Whilst he adorned his 
profession as a minister and a chris- 
tian, his general character was 
held among all ranks of men in the 
highest respect for probity, honor, 
and benevolence. The numerous 
schemes of public usefulness devis- 
ed and executed by Dr. Evans, 
evince both the activity and be- 
nevolence of his disposition. At 
Broadmead, Down-end, and Man- 
gotsfield, near Bristol, he caused 



1 



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221 



Schools to be erected for the in- 
struction and clothing of destitute 
children ; and he reared places for 
public worship at Down-End, 
Thornbury, and other neighboring 
Tillages. For the support of all 
these he labored with great zeal 
and actiyity, and failed not him- 
self to set an example of liberality. 
Hospitality flourished in his own 
house, and his assistance to works 
of charity, was cheerfully af- 
forded. Many long and weary 
joumies he undertook for the pur- 
pose, in concurrence with his breth- 
ren, in forwarding the cause of 
truth and godliness. In the inter- 
val between his first paralytic 
seizure and that which put a pe- 
riod to his life, he had the posses- 
sion of his reason, although a gen- 
eral languor prevailed over his 
firame. During this period his 
mind was calm, and he expressed 
a patient acquiescence in the will 
of God. The cordial and tender 
manner in which he oflen expressed 
his forgiveness of the injuries he 
had received, made a deep impres- 
sion upon the hearts of those who 
attended him. After his recovery 
from the first shock, hopes were 
entertMned of the re-establishment 
of bis health ; but a second attack 
in the conrse of abont two months, 
and which left him in a state of 
insensibility for two days, put a 
period to his life on the 9th of 
Angust, 1791, in the 54th yefur of 
his age. An excellent discourse 
preached upon this occasion to his 
congregation at Broad mead, by Dr. 
Stennett, was afterwards published, 
together with an address at his 
interment, by the Rev. John Tom- 
mas, minister of the Pithay meet- 
ing in ttte same city."^ It mwA be 
giatefal to the heart <rf* every Bap- 



tist to receive such a memoir of a 
departed brother, as a tribute of 
respect from a Psedobaptist, and it 
is no less creditable to its author, 
Walter Wilson. In his Hist. Dis- 
sent. Churches, vol. 4, pp. 236-239, 
he adds the following list of his 

WORKS. 

1. Sermons on the Scripture Doc- 
trines of the Son and Iloly Spirit, 
1766, 12mo. 2. A Collection of 
Hymns adapted to Public Worship, 
1769, 12mo. 3. An Address to the 
serious and candid Professors of 
Christianity, 1772, 12mo. 4. Christ 
Crucified; or, the Scripture Doc- 
trine of the Atonement; in four 
discourses upon that subject, 1789, 
12mo. 5. Seventeen occasional 
Sermons, viz: Funeral Sermons; 
Sermons at the Ordination of Min- 
isters; On the Fifth of November; 
and other Public Occasions. 6. 
Tracts; Association Letters; and 
other fugitive Pieces." The Bib- 
liotheca Britannica gives the fol- 
lowing catalogue, and dates his 
birth a year earlier, 1737. 1. Ser- 
mons on the Scripture Doctrine 
of the Son and the Uoly Spirit, 
1766, 12mo. 2. Against an attack 
on the Trinity, by one Williaiiu. 

3. A Collection of ilymns adapted 
to Public Worship, 1769, 12mo. 

4. Sermon on Psalm, xxvii. 13, 
1771, 8vo. 0. An Address tf> se- 
rious and candid Profe^tMi^rs of 
Christianity, /;th Ed. 1772, 12ma 
6. Sermon on 3 John, xi. 1773, 
8vo. 7. On Tim. ix. 5, 1673, ^vo. 
H. On Eph- X. 16, 1774, Hvo, 9, 
On Gal. V. 13, 1775, Hvo. 10. A 
Funeral Sermon, Brist 1776, Hvo. 
11. Letter V} Rev. John Worlev, 
Lond. 1775, 12mo. 12. A limply 
to 3ir. Fletcher'* V'indicati/>n of 
Mr. We«ley'» Calm Addreiw, I>/nd. 
177/1, 12mo. 13. Political Sophis- 



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try Detected. Lond. 1776, 8vo. 14. 
Sermon, Lond. 1784, Svo. 15. On 
Psalm Ixxiii. 26, 1776, Svo. 16. 
On 2 Sam. iii. 38, 1776. 17. On 
Heb. X. 32, 1778, 8vo. 18. On 
Providence, xiv. 32, 1780, 8vo. 19. 
A Funeral Sermon on 2 Kings, ii. 
12, Brist. 1787. 20. Sermon, Lond. 
1789, 12mo. 21. The Faithful 
Servant Crowned ; preached April 
13th, at the interment of the late 
Rev. James Newton, M. A., together 
with the funeral oration at the 
grave of John Tommas, Lond. 1791, 
16mo. 22. The Deceitfulness of 
Sin ; a sermon addressed to young 
people, Lond. 1792, 8vo. 23. 
Seventeen occasional Sermons, and 
a few Tracts of fugitive subjects." 
He died 1791. 

EVANS, Hugh, M. A., father 
of the above Caleb Evans. He 
was a Baptist minister and tutor 
at Bristol, England, and author of 
—1. Sermon on Phil. ii. 29, 1773, 
8vo. 2. On Col. iv. 17, 1773, Svo. 
3. On 2 Cor. iii. 6, 1773, Svo. 4. 
On Zach. i. 5, 1773, Svo. 5. On 
1 Thess. ii. 19, 1781, Svo. Bib. 
Brit. In another place this em- 
inently good man will be further 
noticed. 

EVANS, John, M. A., an English 
General Baptist, author of— 1. An 
Address designed to promote a re- 
vival among the General Baptists, 
1793, 12mo. 2. Juvenile Pieces 
designed for youth of both sexes, 
5th Ed. 1793, 12mo. 3. A Brief 
Sketch of the Different Denomina- 
tions into which the Christian 
World is Divided. Lond. 1794, 
12mo. 1801, 12mo. 12th Ed. 1811. 
New Ed. 1815. 4. A Sequel to 
the Sketch, 1796, 12mo. 1801,4th 
Ed. 1806. 5. A Funeral Sermon, 
Lond. 1795, Svo. 6. A Funeral 
Sermon, Lond. 1796, Svo. 7. An 



Apology for Human Nature, by the 
late Charles Bulkley ; with a Pre- 
fatory Address, 1797, 12mo. 8. 
An attempt to account for the infi- 
delity of the late Mr. Gibbon; 
founded on his own memoirs, 1797, 
Svo. 9. Sermon, Lond. 1798, Svo. 
10. Moral Reflections, suggested 
by a view of London from the 
Monument, 1798, 12mo. 11. On 
the Education of Youth, 5th Ed. 
1798, Svo. 12. An Epitome of 
Geography, 1801. 2d Ed. 1802. 
13. An Address to Young People 
on the Importance of Religion, 
1801, 12mo. 14. The name of the 
Lord great among the Gentiles ; a 
Sermon, Lond. 1801, Svo. 15. Ser- 
mon on the Peace of Amiens, 2d 
Ed. 1802, Svo. 16. Sermon on the 
Threatened Invasion, 1803-1816. 
17. The Juvenile Tourist; or, Ex- 
cursions through various parts of 
Great Britain, Lond. 1803, Svo. 
1805, 12mo. 18. The unhappy 
effects of Enthusiasm and Super- 
stition ; a Sermon, 1804, Svo. 19. 
The Destruction of the Combined 
Fleets of France and Spain ; a Ser* 
mon on the Victory of Trafalgar, 
1805, Svo. 20. Picture of Wor- 
thing, 1805, 12mo. 21. The Poetic 
Garlands ; or. Beatitudes of Mod* 
ern Poetry, 1807, 12mo. 221 A 
Sermon at the opening of a new 
place of worship, Cranbrook, 1808, 
Svo. 23. A Sermon on the Lan- 
casterian System of Educating 
the Poor, 1808, Svo. 24. An Ad- 
dress on the Baptism of Isaac Lit- 
tleton, a converted Jew, 1808, Svo. 
25. Importance of Educating the 
Poor ; a Sermon on behalf of the 
Royal Free School in Canterbury, 
Lond. 1809, Svo. 26. A Letter to 
Robert Hawker, D. D., suggested 
by his Defence of the London Fe- 
male Penitentiary, Lond. 1809, 



Ba 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Bk 



223 



8vo. 27. A New Geographical 
Grammar, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo. 28. 
General Redemption the only pro- 
per basis of General Beneficence, 
Lond. 1809, 8vo. 29. The Jubilee 
rendered a source of religious im- 
provement ; a Sermon, 1809, 8vo. 

30. A Sermon on the interment of 
Stephen Lodwell, Esq. 1809, 8vo. 

31. A Sermon on the death of Prin- 
cess Amelia, 1810, 8vo. 32. Re- 
ligious Liberty the Ofl'spring of 
Christianity; a Sermon on the 
ejection of Lord Sidmouth's Bill, 
1811, 8vo. 33. The Christian 
Minister's Retrospect; a Sermon, 
1811, 8vo. 34. The Superior Glo- 
ry of the Second Temple ; a Ser- 
mon, 1812, 8vo. 3d. Protestantism 
illustrated in two letters from a 
lloman Catholic Priest; with re- 
marks, 2d Ed. 1812, 8vo. 36. A 
Funeral Sermon, 1812, 8vo. 37. 
A Funeral Sermon, 1813, 8vo. 
38. Complete Religious Liberty 
Vindicated, in a letter respecting 
the Petition for the abolition of all 
the Penal Statutes in Matters of 
Religion, 2d Ed. 1813, 8vo. 39. 
Peace and Persecution incompati- 
ble with each other; an Address 
on the Persecution in South France, 
Lond. 1813. 40. Sermon on Peace, 
Lond. 1814, 8vo. 41. A Preserva- 
tive against the Infidelity and Un- 
oharitableness of the 18th Century, 
Lond. 12mo. 42. Flowers of Poetry, 
24mo. 43. The Prosaic Garland, 
24mo. 44. Mr. Evans also edited 
Dr. Young's True Estimate of 
Human life ; with a Life of the 
Author, 4th Ed. 12mo. 45. Also, 
Mrs. Brock's Dialogues between a 
Lady and her Pupils; Describing 
a Journey through England and 
Wales, 3d Ed. enlarged, l2mo. 
46. Crosby's Christian l^y's Pock- 
et-Book, which appears annually. 



Bib. Brit. Have Baptists no 
authors ? A copy of each of Evans' 
works alone would be no mean 
library. 

EVANS, Chrismas. Of this dis- 
tinguished Welsh Baptist Minister, 
whose eloquence made him a star 
of the first magnitude in the Brit- 
ish Empire as a Christian Evange- 
list, we can only refer the reader 
to sketches of his Sermons publish- 
ed first in Welsh and republished in 
Pittsburgh, Pa., 1837, by Rev. Mr. 
Davis, translator of the History of 
the Welsh Baptists. Our succint 
memoir of him is lost. He will 
elsewhere be noticed. 

ERBERY, William. For a no- 
tice of him see Davis' History of 
the Welsh Baptists, p. 26. He 
was author of — 1. Nor Truth nor 
Errour, nor Day nor Night, but in 
the Evening there shall be Light, 
Zach. xiv. 6, 7 ; being the relation 
of a Public Discourse between Mas- 
ter Cheynel and Master Erbery, 
Lond. 1627, 4to. 2. The Lord of 
Hosts ; or, God guarding the Camp 
of the Saints and the beloved City, 
Rev. XX. 9, Lond. 1648, 4to. 3. 
The Grand Oppressor ; or, the Ter- 
ror of Tithes felt, and now confest, 
Lond. 1652, 4to. 4. The Scourge 
of the Assyrian, Lond. 1652, 4to. 
5. The Sword doubled to cut off 
both the Righteous and the Wick- 
ed, Lond. 1652, 4to. 6. The Bishop 
of London ; or an Episcopal Spirit 
risen and appearing at London 
House, Lond. 1652. 7. A (Jail U) 
Churches ; or, a Packet of i^ettern 
to the Pastors of Wales, prosontcd 
to the Baptist Teachers there, Lond. 
1653, 8vo, 8. A Monstrous Dis- 
pute ; or, the language of the Heast, 
Lond. 1653, iU). 9, Miiiisf^frs for 
Tithes, Lond. 1653, 4to. JO. The 
Madman's Plea; or, a Sober De- 



224 



Be 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ee 



fence of Capt. Chillinton's Church, 
Lond. 1653, 4to. 11. The Babe 
of Glory breaking for him the brok- 
en flesh of the Saints, Lond. 1653, 
4to. 12. The North Star; or, Some 
Night Light Shining in North 
Wales, Lond. 1653, 4to. 13. An 
Olive Leaf; also, the Reign of 
Christ and his Saints with him on 
Earth a thousand Years and one 
Day, and the Day at hand, Lond. 
1654, 4to. 14. Jack Pudding; or, 
a Minister made a Black Pudding, 
Lond. 1654, 4to. 15. The Great 
Earthquake, Rev. xxi. 18 ; or, Fall 
of all Churches, Lond. 1654, 4to. 
Bib. Brit. 

ELDERFIELD, Christian, M. 
A., known only as author of— 1. 
The Civil Right of Tythes, Lond. 
1650, 4to. 2. Disquisitions con- 
cerning Regeneration and Baptism, 
Lond. 1653, 4to. A Psedobaptist 
Churchman. Bib. Brit. 

EXELL, Joshua. Known only 
as author of— A Serious Enquiry 
into Infant Baptism, showing by 
plain Scripture proof, that John 
Baptist did as certainly baptize 
infants as adults, Lond. 1693, 4to. 
Bib. Brit. 

EVE, George. For his memoir 
see Taylor's Lives of Virginia Bap- 
tist Ministers, p. 208. 

EWER, Samuel, a generous 
worthy man of great piety and 
learning; he was pastor of the 
Baptist congregation at Hemp- 
stead in Hertfordshire, England, 
and well beloved and respected by 
his people. He was, says Mr. Pig- 
gott, Works, p. 416, justly esteemed 
by all men of probity and good 
sense, who had the advantage of 
his acquaintance. For if one con- 
sider the Rev. Mr. Ewer, in any 
relation while living, he was very 
desirable. He has distinguished 



himself for several years, as an ex- 
amplary christian, whose piety to- 
wards God, and affability towanb 
men, have recommended him to 
the esteem and approbation of all; 
being an example to the believen 
in word, in conversation, in charity, 
in spirit, in faith, in purity. He 
had a prudent and regular zeal fw 
the glory of God, and the salvation 
of souls. He ever expressed a just 
indignation against siuj and press- 
ed after the highest degrees of ho- 
liness. He kept clear from the ex- 
tremes of superstition and enthusi- 
asm, believing that substantial re- 
ligion did consist in a conforming 
to the moral perfections of the 
Godhead. His moderation was 
remarkable and extensive ; he fol- 
lowed the things which made fw 
peace, and diffused the grateftil 
odors of charity wherever he 
came. He was patient and sub- 
missive under the various trials 
and afflictions to which he was 
exposed thro' the course of his life. 
It was not the prospect of outwaid 
gain, but the love of souls, that 
engaged him in the ministerial 
work. He did forego that which 
he might have demanded, viz. : a 
maintatnance for himself and fami- 
l]jr ; yet he always generously gave 
his labors to his church, and not- 
withstanding, took not the less 
pains in the promoting of their sal- 
vation. But he studied diligently 
to show himself approved, a work- 
man who needed not to be ashatnedj 
rightly dividing the ward of truth. 
And constantly in the course of his 
ministry, he did insist upon the 
great and substantial truths 0(m- 
tained in the christian revelation. 
The time of his death I did not 
find ; but his indisposition was but 
short, for he was well and dead 



£s 



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225 



within the compass of seven days. 
His funeral sermon was preached 
by Mr. Piggot, Dec. 24, 1708. 

Mr. Ewer was author of — A Re- 
ply to Edward Hitchins' Work, 
entitled. The Infant Cause Plead- 
ed, Cleared, and Vindicated, 1704. 
This is an able work. Crosby, vol. 
4, pp. 314-319. Ben. p. 160. 

ECCLES, John. An English 
Baptist. " He was pastor of a con- 
gregation at Bromisgrove, in the 
county of Worcester; and preached 
the gospel there and at Coventry, 
near sixty years. He suffered much 
for his nonconformity ; was taken 
preaching, and greatly abused, and 
put into a dungeon in Worcester 
gaol. But God raised him up a 
friend, Mr. Swift, one of the mem- 
bers of Parliament for the county 
of Worcester, who became bound 
for him in a bond of one thousand 
pounds, and so procured his liberty. 
He was a man of worth, and given 
much to hospitality ; but having a 
large family and suffering much 
persecution, he was in the end 
reduced to great poverty; which 
he bore in a cheerful manner. The 
latter part of his life was spent at 
Coventry, where he died January 
26, anno 1711, in the 76th year of 
his age." Crosby, vol 3, p. 118. 

ERSKINE, John, D.D., an emi- 
nent divine of the Church of Scot- 
land, was bom 1721; died 1803. 
Of his numerous and some valuable 
works, one entitled. Theological 
Dissertations, 1766, 12mo, may be 
quoted. On p. 8, he says : " The 
Sinai Covenant was made, not only 
with those who came out of Egypt, 
but with all succeeding generations 
that were to spring from them. 
Descent from Israel gave any one 
a right to the benefits of this cov- 
I enant ; for which reason, the chil- 



dren even of unregenerate Israelites 
were circumcised the eighth day, 
and were said to be bom unto God, 
Ezek. xxi. 20." Upon which it 
may be observed that want of cir- 
cumcision was a crime to which 
the penalty of excommunication 
was annexed invariably by Gen. 
xvii. ; and further, that it typified 
spiritual regeneration, for ignorance 
of which fact Christ reproached 
Nicodemus; and John in the begin- 
ning of his gospel, chapter i. 13, 
insists upon this distinctive fact, 
truth and doctrine emphatically, 
and so as to preclude mistake in 
his meaning, if sought without pre- 
conceived false principles of expo- 
sition. In pp. 78-80, Dr. Erskine 
says curiously, '* That it (Baptism,) 
came in the place of circumcision, 
I allow." (No— the circumcision 
of the heart came in the room 
of the circumcision of the flesh,) 
" in so far as circumcision was 
a seal to real saints." (To no other 
person but Saint Abraham) "of 
the righteousness of faith;" (whose? 
Abraham's and his only,) " not in 
so far as it sealed external privi- 
leges to all Jews, and was a badge 
of distinction between them and 
other nations. Baptism has none 
of these properties which rendered 
circumcision a fit sign and seal of 
an external covenant. Circumci- 
sion impressed an abiding mark; 
was the characteristic of Judaism ; 
belonged to all Jews, however dif- 
fering in opinion or practice ; and 
those born of a Jew, even when come 
to age, were entitled to it. Whereas, 
baptism impresses no abiding mark. 
A profession and suitable practice, 
not baptism, is the characteristic of 
Christianity." We cannot omit 
the occasion to quote Christ's words 
in opposition to both positloafi. 



\ 



226 



Se 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Ei 



" By this," said Christ, by what ? 
'* By this shall all men know that 
ye are my disciples, if ye have lave 
one to another y Not by cir- 
camcision, or baptism, or profession, 
or practice, or anything else, but by 
brotherly love. " And persons 
come to age, have no just title to 
baptism," (nor have any irrespective 
of age,) " till they believe and re- 
pent; and therefore are not bap- 
tized, unless their opinions and 
practices appear agreeable to the 
gospel; their credible profession^ 
and not their descent, founding 
their claim to that privilege. The 
proof of this is extremely obvious 
John's baptism was termed the 
baptism of repentance, and baptism 
to repentance ; because he required 
pf all whom he admitted to bap- 
tism, a profession of repentance, 
and exhorted them to such conduct 
as would demonstrate their repent- 
ance genuine. Peter demanded 
repentance of his hearers in order 
to baptism; and only they that 
gladly received his word were bap- 
tized. And Philip acquaints the 
Eunuch, if thou believe with thy 
whole heart thou mayest be bap- 
tized. Well, therefore, does Paul 
join together the washing of water, 
and the renewing of the Holy 
Ghost, as things which should never 
be separated. And for the same 
reason Peter informs us that bap- 
tism is of no avail unless attended 
with the answer of a good con- 
science,^^ i. e., " a sincere and cordial 
acceptance of the gospel." Baptism 
is the answer which a conscience 
made previously good seeks and 
finds. It is not the means of a 
good conscience but the answer 
to it. We omit the passages 
cited from Acts, Matt., Tit., and Pet. 
On p. 82, he says : " I have fully 



shewn, that the seals of the cove- 
nant are under the New Testament, 
peculiar to the inwardly pious."* 
We should have quoted mm above 
from p. 9, where he says : " When 
God promised the land of Canaan 
to Abraham and his seed, circum- 
cision was instituted for f Am, among 
other purposes, to show that de^ 
scent from Abraham was the foun- 
dation of his posterity's right to 
those blessings." 

ELLIS, John, Jun., author of— 
1. The sole path to a Sound Peaoe, 
recommended in a Sermon, Lond. 
1643, 4to. 2. Vindiciae Catholic®; 
or, the Rights of particular Church- 
es rescued against the notion of 
one particular Church, Lond. 1647, i 
4to. 3. A Debate concerning Bap- ■ 
tism^ Lond. 1659, 8vo. 4. Ketrao- 
tions and Repentings; in reference 
to the late ecclesiastical changes 
in this nation, Lond. 1662. Bib. 
Brit. Of him we know no more. He 
is to be distinguished from several 
others of the same name by com- 
paring the titles of their works. 

ELLISON, James. See Tay- 
lor's Lives of Virginia Baptist 
Ministers, for his biography. 

ELLISON, Seacome. His name 
is connected with a work as fol- 
lows, entitled ; '^ Rhantism against 
Baptism. Truth defended in a 
supposed trial between infant af- 
fusion and believers' baptism, sec- 
ond edition, remodeled, condensed, 
and revised ; to which is appended 
a letter to Joseph Gumey, Esq., on 
Baptism and the Lord's Supper. 
Second Edition, revised and cor- 
rected by Seacome Ellison^ Lond. 
1836, 8vo. p. 400. Ben. p. 198. 

EMLIN, is mentioned by Bene- 
dict, p. 206, simply in a list of 
British Baptist authors. See Eicltn 
in its place. 



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227 



ELLIOT, Richard, or John, A. B. 
Sometime of Benet College, Cam- 
bridge, England, a native of Kings- 
bridge, Devon; died 1788. Among 
his latest works was one, entitled, 
"Dipping not Baptizing; or, the 
subject, mode, and importance of 
Water-Baptism according to the 
Scriptures, Lond. 1788, 8vo. Bib. 
Brit He was, notwithstanding, 
author of many valuable and evan- 
gelical works. 

ELTRINGHAM, William. An 
English author of— 1. The Baptist 

rinst the Baptist ; or, a display 
Antipiedobaptist Self-Inconsis- 
tency ; in answer to several letters 
from a Baptist brother. To which 
is added, a reply to a letter subscrib- 
ed J. W. Written by way of reproof 
to me, and in defence of Dr. Gill, 
Lond. 1756, 8vo. 2. Remarks on 
a Pamphlet entitled. The Baptists 
Vindicated, &c., Lond. 1757, 8vo. 
Bib. Brit. A Peedobaptist 

ESTIUS, William, a Roman 
Catholic Divine, bom at Gor- 
cnm, Holland, about 1542 ; died at 
Douay, 1613. He wrote in Latin, 
French and English. We quote 
him only as a commentator highly 
prized by the Catholics. He says, 
"The Apostle in Rom. vi. 4, al- 
ludes to the rite of immersion, 
when the body is, as it were, bur- 
ied^ and in a little while drawn 
out again as from a sepulchre." 
Again : " Though the ceremony of 
immersion was anciently more com- 
mon, as appears from the unani- 
rnaus language of the Fathers, as 
often as they speak about baptism ; 
and in a more expressive manner 
represents the death, burial, and 
resurrection of our Lord, and of us; 
whence St. Thomas aflirms, that 
the rite of dipping is more com- 
mendable; yet there have been 



many reasons for which it was !| 
I sometimes convenient, to alter im- ' 
imersion into some other kindred 
I ceremony. Hence, therefore, the 
i ceremony of pouring as a medium 
j between dipping and sprinkling, 
: was much used ; which custom, 
Bonaventure saith, was in his time 
Imuch observed in the French 
i Churches and some others ; though 
he confesses, that the ceremony of 
I immersion was the ^nore common^ 
the more fit, and the more safe, 
as St. Thomas teaches." And in 
.Gen. xvii. 7, he says : ** From this 
passage Calvin infers, that because 
a person is the sf^ri of Abraham, the 
promise which was made to Abra- 
''■ ham belongs to him. But the an- 
I swer is plain : For that promise be- 
! ing understood of s/>en7wa/ blessings, 
does not belong to the carnal but 
spiritual seed of Abraham, ev^en 
as the Apostle himself interprets 
it, Rom. iv. and ix. For if you 
understand the carnal seed, that 
promise will not belong to any of 
the Gentiles; but only to those 
persons that are begotten of Abra- 
ham and Isaac, a<7Cording to the. 
flesh." See Bib. Brit. Pool, Knatch- 
bull, Tombes, Booth, &c. 

ELY, Thomas. Of this person, 
says Walter Wilson, Crosby has 
related the following particulars : 
"In the year 1716, one Thomas 
Ely, a Baptist minister, conformed 
to the Church of England, and 
was ordained by the bishop of 
London. He had been a very 
troublesome man, and guilty of sev- 
eral disorders ; one while profess- 
ing the Arminian or Ilemon- 
strants' scheme, another while a 
Calvinist; and while he was a 
Baptist minister, stdDd god-father 
to the child of a rich relation, from 
whom he had some expectations. 



228 



Eo-u-T 



HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Eo-u-T 



When he was accused of this he 
denied the fact, though the ciergy- 
man, the midwife, and the nurse 
testified the fact. He was first a 
member of Mr. Gimmit's congrega- 
tion in MoorfieldS) but not meeting 
with that encouragement there 
which he expected, he removed to 
the church of which Mr. Douglas 
was pastor, where lie was also dis- 
appointed, and after some time 
brought under the censure of the 
church for lying. After this, upon 
Mr. Piggott's decease, he endeavor- 
ed to procure himself chosen elder 
of that congregation, but not sue-' 
ceeding in this, he caused a divi- 
sion in the church, and set up a 
meeting at a little distance, with 
such persons whom he had pre- 
vailed upon by his preaching and 
insinuating conversation. When 
he wanted to be ordained elder of 
this small number, he first applied 
himself to the Calvinist ministers 
to do it ; they refusing, he next 
attempted to prevail on the Ar- 
minian elders to grant it to him ; 
but none of the ministers in Lon- 
don would be concerned in it. At 
last he persuaded two or three 
country ministers, who came out 
of Buckinghamshire to do it. But 
in about a years' time, finding that 
his number did not increase much, 
and that there was no great gain 
to be made in this way, he was 
resolved to try his fortune in the 
established church ; and upon ap- 
plication to the bishop of London 
was admitted into orders, and found 
it easier to get an ordination in that 
church, than among the despised 
Baptists." Thus far Crosby. Be- 
fore his conformity, Mr. Ely pub- 
lished three shigle sermons. 1. On 
a Thanksgiving occasion, preached 
at Goodman's-fieids, Nov, 5, 1711, 



1 2. ^' Israel's Guardian," on a simUv 
I occasion, preached Nov. 5, 1714. 

13. The Eternal Building; or, the 
■ Saint's Assurance of Happiness, 
I preached at Glasshouse-street, Aug. 
[21, 1715, on the death of Mrs. 

Elizabeth Auchmuty, late wife of 

! Robert Auchmuty, Esq. Crosby, 

; vol. 4, pp. 156-158. Wilson's Hist 

Dissent. Churches, vol. 4, pp. 40- 

41. 

EMLYN, Thomas, a learned 
English Divine, and champion of 
Arianism, was born 1663 ; died 
1743. Among his numerous works 
was one entitled : " The Previoos 
Question to the Several Questions 
about valid and invalid Baptism, 
Lay Baptism, &c. ; considered 
whether there be any necessity for 
the continual use of Baptism among 
the posterity of Baptized Chris- 
tians, 1710." Bib. Brit. 

ENCYCLOPEDIA Britannica. 
This work, Art Russia, voL ix. p. 
6910, says: " The Muscovite Priests 
plunge the child three times over 
head and ears in the water," in 
baptism. In Art. Baptism, voL 2, 
p. 996, it says : '^ The custom of 
sprinkling children, instead of dip- 
ping them in the font, which was 
at first allowed in case of the weak- 
ness or sickness of the infant, has 
so far prevailed, that immersion ii 
at length quite excluded. What 
principally tended to confirm the 
practice of afiusion or sprinkling, 
was that several of our Protestant 
divines, flying into Grermany and 
Switzerland during the bloody 
reign of Queen Mary, and returning 
home when Queen Elizabeth came 
to the crown, brought back with 
them a great zeal for the Protestant 
churches beyond the sea, where 
they had been sheltered and re- 
ceived ; and having observed, that. 



Eu 0YCi-01Mi])lA. J-i 229 



living example of the righteous man 
is salutary, so '^ his memory is bless- 
ed." Rarely, indeed, is all the 
benefit realized from biographical 
sketches which the heart of pious 
friendship promises to itself; for, in 
most cases, the delineation of the 
character is necessarily too imper- 
fect to be impressive, and the de- 
tails of the life are of so familiar a 
kind, as to produce little efiect on 
the imagination or feelings of nny, 
except those who were personally 
acquainted with the deceased. To 
them, however, such a sketch is 
always valuable, serving, as it does, 



at Genera and some other places, 
baptism was administered by 
sprinkling, they thought they could 
not do the Church of England a 
greater piece of service than by in- 
troducing a practice dictated by so 
great an oracle as Calvin. This, 
together with the coldness of our 
northern climate, was what con- 
tributed to banish entirely the 
practice of dipping infants in the 
font." Other articles might ap- 
propriately be quoted from this 
work; as also from the Encyclope- 
dia Germanicay the Encyclopedia 
Americana, and almost all general 

Cyolopsedias, Encyclopedias, Lexi- • to arrest and combine the fleeting 
cons, and Dictionaries in all Ian- ' and fragmentary items of memory, 
guages ; but this may be done in a : and to deepen the traces ofimpres- 
separate work. We are compelled . sions too sweet and salutary to be 
to omit more than half of our arti- willingly lost; while to others it 
cles to keep our book within de- j at least illustrates the value of that 
signed limits. .good name, which the scriptures 

EDMUNDS, J. O. We adopt j declare to be *' better than precious 
from the Baptist Memorial, vol. 2, | ointment,'' which friendship trea- 
p. 363, et seq., a biography of this | sures, as the best legacy of departed 
man, prepared by a committee from worth, and the hope oi which is, 
the Pastors' Conference of New- 1 perhaps, the most powerful of all 
York, Brooklyn and vicinity, j merely extraneous incentives to a 
Brethren Haines, Everts, and Tay- - pure and godly life. 8uch are the 
lor, Committee. It is long, but considerations that encourage this 
some of these extended biographies committee in the performance of 
will be acceptable to a very numer- the task assigned them. 
0U8 class of the readers of this vol- Jlstix Olix Edmlnds was born 
ume. I in Clarendon, Rutland county, Vt., 

^^When we reflect with what] Sept. 17th, 1810. From that place 
delightful and benignant power our; his parents removed, in ISLO, to 
hearts are impressed by visible ma- i Hartland, Niagara county, N. Y., 
nifestations of piety — ^piety embo- j where they have resided ever since, 
died before our eyes, and moving I and still survive among the oldest 
among us, in some lovely form of and most respectable inhabitants of 
christian character and action — we the town. They have lived Ut nhe 
can easily account for the .strong a numeroas family of children and 
desire, which is so generally felt on grand-children grow up around 
the removal of a devoted ser\'ant them, nearly ail of whom have em- 
of Grod, for the preservation of his braced Chrij«t, and been a/lded to 
moral portraiture, and a permanent his people. They are themselves 
record of his useful deeds. As the members of the Baptist church in 



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that vicinity, highly respected 
among the brethren for intelligence, 
integrity, and devotedness, and, in 
particular, " given to hospitality." 
Few ministers or missionaries, who 
have had occasion to travel in that 
region, are ignorant of their names, 
or strangers to the free-handed and 
warm-hearted generosity which ever 
beneath their roof spreads the boun- 
teous board and smooths the com- 
fortable couch for all the Saviour's 
friends. 

Olin was one of the youngest of 
the family. No record has been 
preserved of his early religious his- 
tory. T.ie subject of most faithful 
training, it is certain that he 
"knew the sc5riptures from a child;" 
and deep and lasting convictions of 
their truth must have been wrought 
into his mrnd by the influence of 
his parents' example, and by the 
intercourse with christians of emi- 
n'Mit piety, for which such ample 
opportunity was afibrded at his fa- 
ther's house. As might have been 
expected, through boyhood and 
youth he not only maintained a 
moral character unusually free from 
spot, but manifested an invariable 
and profound respect for all the 
doctrines and institutions of reli- 
gion. To the latter he gave, as he 
had opportunity, a ready support. 
He was deeply interested in the 
Sabbath school long before his own 
heart had felt the power of divine 
truth, and engaged personally in 
the work with an ardor of enlight- 
ened zeal, which might afford to 
many who bear the christian name 
at once the keenest of rebuke and 
a model worthy of all imitation. 

He was hopefully converted to 
Christ during the winter of his 21st 
year, and made a public profession 
of his faith in the month of March 



following. Very soon after his 
connexion with the church, he ap- 
pears to have had impressions of 
duty in relation to the work of the 
ministry ; but being unable to solve 
the question satisfactorily to his 
own mind, he said nothing on the 
subject to his friends, and silently 
prosecuted the course of mental 
training which he had already be- 
gun, and which he knew would be 
equally useful to him, in whatever 
form of christian labor he might 
ultimately engage. About two 
years after, as we learn from his 
diary, his religious feelings experi- 
enced a special and very interesting 
revival. He seems to have been 
led to deep and thorough search- 
ings of heart, to have reviewed his 
former course of life at the foot of 
the Redeemer's cross and in the 
light of the judgment-throne, to 
have been borne down beneath an 
overwhelming sense of unworthi- 
ness, and, with a contrite and broken 
spirit, to have laid himself down, 
as a living sacrifice, on the altar 
of Christ. " And now," writes he, 
June 2d, 1833, after recording the 
exercises of a Sabbath day of more 
than usual interest, " O Lord Grod, 
thou hast brought me into exist- 
ence, and been my Preserver from 
my youth up. Thou hast multi- 
plied thy blessings on every side, 
while I have been a wicked and 
rebellious subject, and have broken 
thy law, which is holy, just, and 
good, times and ways without num- 
ber. O Lord God, I have so deeply 
sinned against thee, and sinned 
against so much light, that it would 
be most j ust in thee, and thy throne 
would be perfectly guiltless,shouldst 
thou send me now to hell. Glory 
be given to thy great name, that 
I hope for better things. And now, 



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Lord God, here I give myself up 
unconditionally into thy hands, 
soul and body, for time and eter- 
nity, praying thee to strip me of 
all selfishness, and make me wholly 
thine. Convinced as I am, that 
nothing but thy sovereign grace 
can make me meet for the society 
of * the saints in light/ I thus give 
myself to thee, praying that thou 
wilt wear me out in thy service, 
and then admit me to the joys at 
thy right hand, for the great Re- 
deemer's sake. Amen." From this 
time onward, we discover most dis- 
tinct and affecting evidences of spi- 
ritual advancement, of more and 
more lively devotional feelings, 
deeper anxiety for the conversion 
of the impenitent, and greatly in- 
creased activity in the cause of 
Christ. 

In the fall of that year, " at the 
request of his pastor and other 
friends, and also from a conviction 
of duty " he related to the church 
his exercises in relation to the min- 
istry. He still felt doubts, but was 
willing to receive the advice of 
his brethren, and desirous that they 
should divide with him the respon- 
sibility of decision. They were 
quite ready to assume their share 
of the burden ; and after a second 
trial of his gift, they licensed him 
" to preach the gospel, wherever 
he might be cast in the providence 
of God." He almost immediately 
received invitations to the pastoral 
charge of churches, who were in- 
terested in his first efforts, and dis- 
covered in him the promise of far 
greater success. But such were 
his views of the qualifications re- 
quisite for a high degree of useful- 
ness in this sacred work, that noth- 
ing could induce him to listen to 
these proposals. He felt that he 



must first be " taught the way of 
the Lord more perfectly." This 
conviction was so pungent and 
clear, and so intimately blended 
with those exercises which had 
pressed him into the ministry, that 
he could not doubt as to its having 
the same origin. Accordingly, in 
obedience, as he believed, to the 
Divine will, he made immediate 
arrangements for entering the 
Seminary at Hamilton, and com- 
menced his studies with the Fresh- 
man Class, in the spring of 1834. 

It was here that two members 
of this committee became person- 
ally acquainted with him; an ac- 
quaintance, which, as they were 
class-mates, naturally ripened into 
intimacy, and laid the foundation 
of a friendship which continued 
without interruption until the time 
of his death. One of them, in par- 
ticular, was his room-mate for the 
last years of their common course, 
and can, therefore, speak with the 
greater confidence of his habits and 
character, both then and since. 

Few of his fellow-students were 
so generally,or so '' favorably known 
throughout the body. He was not 
noted for any extraordinary brilli- 
ancy of parts, though his mind was 
vigorous and sound, and by dint of 
application, he maintained a highly 
honorable standing in all his stu- 
dies, and in some (especially in the 
Mathematics, for which he had con- 
tracted an early fondness,) he stood 
among the first in a class more than 
usually distinguished for zeal and 
proficiency in this branch of colle- 
giate education. But it was his 
moral and religious character that 
rendered him most conspicuous. 
As a man of principle, of generous 
afiections, and of high christian at- 
tainments, he may truly be said to 



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have been among his compeers " a 
burning and a shining light." 

It must be acknowledged that 
his temperament was favorable to 
a high degree of moral culture, 
while he possessed all those ele- 
ments of natural sensibility which, 
properly regulated, give at once 
beauty and force to character — the 
harmony of their development 
was the most admirable feature of 
the whole. You found in his 
moral composition every thing you 
could wish, and nothing in ex- 
tremes— nothing ill-balanced or out 
of proportion. Constitutionally 
cheerful, no one but himself ever 
accused him of frivolity. Discrimi- 
nating in his selection of associates, 
and strong in his attachment to 
friends, he had nothing of the spirit 
of exclusiveness about him: he 
despised or hated no man. Spon- 
taneously generous, his principles 
made him consistently, (and if we 
may so speak,) economically so. He 
carefully husbanded his resources, 
not for his own, but for the benefit 
of others. To do good did certainly 
appear to be, naturally, his delight 
It apparently cost him less than 
most of us selfish mortals, to deny 
himself a gratification or endure 
an actual hardship, for another's 
good. To injure another was not 
in his heart: an injury done to 
himself, he was quick to feel, and 
slow to resent. The anger that 
" reign* in the bosom of fools," in 
his bosom found never more than 
momentary place, scarcely ever, 
even that. Though from his natu- 
ral activity, he engaged with great 
zeal and earnestness in those afiairs 
which constitute the important 
business of the little world of col- 
lege, yet his zeal was always tem- 
pered with moderation, and in his 



earnestness, he never lost posses- 
sion of himself, or forgot the cour- 
tesy due to an opponent. Says 
one who was for years his most 
intimate companion: "I can truly 
say that I never saw him give way 
to the spirit of anger, and never 
but once discovered even the ap- 
pearance of any such emotion. 
Then, at a marked and doubtless 
intentioned insult, his face sudden- 
ly flushed with feeling; but while 
every eye was fixed upon him in 
expectation of some expression of 
resentment, he remained for a mo- 
ment perfectly silent, and then, 
having completely mastered his 
passion, rose, and ventured a mild 
but manly remonstrance against 
the injustice done him. I need 
hardly add, that his course was as 
successful as it was magnanimous." 
In action, Mr. E. was prompt with- 
out being rash, persevering without 
being reckless, resolute without be- 
ing stubborn. While, therefore, 
he was proverbially efficient, he 
was never guilty of those impru- 
dences, which are often as mis- 
chievous as malice itself, and oc- 
casion the bitterest regrets even in 
minds conscious of no evil inten- 
tion. 

We have spoken of Mr. E. as a 
man of principle. He was always 
to be relied on. His engagements, 
of every kind, were not merely 
met with fidelity, but (a rarer vir- 
tue) with scrupulous punctuality. 
He had none of that sort of mag* 
nanimity, which, disdaining mi- 
nuteness, forgets to be honest, and 
is at last forced to be mean. He 
never dodged a creditor, or forgot 
a promise. He never colored a 
statement, or stooped to carry a 
point by management and intrigue. 
His character was transparent as 



Eu 



CYCLOPiEDIA. 



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233 



crystal, his word more sacred than 
a written hond. 

The same conscientiousness was 
shown in relation to all his duties 
as a student, and in his strict oh- 
servance of all the regulations of 
the Institution. In this respect, 
we commend him as a model to 
all young men in similar circum- 
stances. He cared nothing for the 
unpopularity of such a character 
among the ill-principled and ill- 
advised ; and every imputation on 
his motives he despised as the 
coinage of a narrow or an envious 
mind. Nor did he feel ahsolved 
from these obligations by any con- 
siderations of personal convenience, 
or even of interest. When his less 
thoughtful associates would some- 
times urge him to omit some minor 
duty, to which perhaps he could 
not attend without some slight 
sacrifice or considerable inconve- 
nience, he would reply : " No, these 
laws are for the general good, and 
Bvery social obligation binds us to 
Dbserve them strictly. Individual 
interests must be subordinated to 
the common weal." 

His religious character was equal- 
ly interesting. His diary aflbrds 
abundant proof, that while labor- 
ing diligently for the cultivation 
of his mind, he was not negligent 
of his heart. A few weeks after 
entering the Institution, he made 
the following record : — " Am con- 
vinced, that the advice of some 
friends, 'not to trouble myself 
much about my heart while study- 
ing, but to pursue my course with 
rigor, and afterwards attend to the 
cultivation of piety,' is bad^ and 
k*m determined not to follow it." 
This resolution he was happily 
enabled to carry out. His fellow- 
students can never forget how 



uniform and punctual was his at- 
tendance on all the public means 
of grace. He loved the sanctuary. 
It was his practice to record, at the 
close of every Sabbath, the names 
of the preachers to whom he had 
listened through the day, together 
with their texts, and some brief 
comment respecting the religious 
effect of the discourse on his own 
mind. When they were of more 
than usual interest, he would write 
out a full abstract of them in a 
blank book kept for the purpose. 
Several of these books, neatly and 
closely written, are found among 
his papers. His place in the prayer 
circle Avas rarely vacant ; and there 
was no religious exercise in which 
he manifested greater freedom, or 
engaged publicly with greater wil- 
lingness, than that of prayer — a 
pleasing proof, that it was an ex- 
ercise to which he was no stranger 
in private. 

His piety was active. It wrought 
outward, as well as within him, 
and sought the salvation of others, 
as well as his own. He showed 
how much of direct christian labor 
may be accomplished, consistently 
with the diligent prosecution of a 
course of preparatory training. The 
promptitude with which he set 
himself to do whatever his hand 
found to do, is illustrated in the 
following incident, which may be 
taken as a specimen of the man. 
He arrived in Hamilton, and en- 
tered the Institution, May 3d, 
1834. The next day, being the 
Sabbath, he attended worship in 
that village. By the following 
Sabbath, he had found his way 
into a destitute region about twelve 
miles distant, where he proposed 
the organization of two Sabbath 
Schools at different points. A week 



234 



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later, we find the following entry | 
in his diary: "May 18, Lord's day. [ 
To-day, went to attend the Sab-j 
bath schools which I had agreed 
to meet. Found the prospects; 
quite encouraging, more so than I 
expected. Organized one school 
in a district, where a Sabbath 
school was never held before, and 
where I met several very wicked 
young men, who were not ashamed 
to show that they were servants 
of the devil, and meant to serve 
him faithfully. They, however, 
treated me with some civility, and 
professed a wish to attend the 
school. Their motives are known 
to the Searcher of hearts, and O 
may His Spirit make use of the 
school as an instrument for their 
conversion. Felt that I had in 
some measure the presence of my 
Lord, and O 'tis sweet !" Here we 
find him with his summer's work 
laid out and an efficient beginning 
made, in less time than most young 
men would have required, to get 
over the novelty of the scene and 
ascertain that there was even an 
opportunity for them to labor di- 
recti y in the Saviour's cause. 
These schools he continued with 
great success through the season, 
and, it would seem, subsequently 
increased their number, for under 
date of Sept. 28th, he writes: 
''Closed three of my schools to- 
day, at the last of which preached 
by request to a crowded assembly. 
My labors in B. have now closed 
for the present season. I have no 
reason to regret having been there 
during the past summer, although 
it has been attended with some in- 
convenience and some sligiit sacri- 
fice." His labors were indeed 
" not in vain." His name is still 
spoken in that place with interest 



and affection, by those who receiv- 
ed spiritual benefit from his in- 
structions. 

We next find him at the head 
of a class in the Hamilton Sabbath 
School. It was while laboring to 
gather the children of the vicinity 
into that school, that his attention 
was drawn to the Irish Catholics 
in and about Hamilton, large num- 
bers of whom were at work on the 
Chenango Canal, then in process 
of construction. Like his Divine 
Master, " when he saw the multi- 
tudes, he was moved with compas- 
sion on them, because they fainted, 
and were scattered abroad like 
sheep having no shepherd." He 
went among them, and found them 
not only entirely without religious 
instruction, but given up to the 
most vicious indulgences, especial- 
ly on the Sabbath, "assembling in 
difierent huts, carousing, and wal- 
lowing in filth." On his first ap- 
proaches, they were, as he express- 
es it, " wild as patridges ;" but he 
soon convinced them that he was 
a friend, and came to do them good. 
After a while, he obtained their 
consent to visit them regularly, 
to instruct their children, and even 
to preach and distribute books 
among their shantees. He and 
another brother of congenial spirit, 
faithfully occupied this field until 
the close of the academic year, 
with what results eternity must 
reveal. They felt the counteract- 
ing influence of the priest, and 
seem not to have been sanguine 
of efiecting much. The last re- 
ference made to these labors in the 
diary, is in these words: "Aug. 
16. Have continued imtil now to 
spend my Sabbaths among the 
Catholics. We have found them 
uniformly kind, willing to receive 



Eu 



CYCLOPAEDIA. 



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235 



us, and even anxious for our com- 
ing. Still, I have but little expec- 
tation that they will be permanent- 
ly benefited. Their hearts appear 
almost callous to the impressions 
of truth. Now I must leave them, 
at least for a time. May the Lord 
sanctify the feeble efforts which 
have been made, to the enlighten- 
ing of some precious souls, and 
thus get glory to his own great 
name." 

He was soon after selected super- 
intendent of the Hamilton Sabbath 
School. This office introduced him 
to a wide field of usefulness. He 
became generally known in the 
community, and during the rest of 
his stay in Hamilton, enjoyed a 
large share of the public confidence. 
His visits were almost exclusively 
of a religious character, and in 
many families are still mentioned 
with interest and gratitude. His 
memory is fragrant, and wherever 
the trace of his influence is to be 
met, the eye rests on it with satis- 
faction and delight. 

We have dwelt with greater 
length upon the time which he 
spent at Hamilton, because, as 
now appears in the inscrutable 
Providence of God, this was to be 
the principal field of his earthly 
labors, and because his example, 
instructive to all, addresses itself 
with peculiar force to christian 
students. It is a happy circum- 
stance, that though his spirit was 
released at a far distant point, his 
body now sleeps among those 
scenes with which it was conver- 
sant during the period of its highest 
activity. There, though dead, he 
yet speaketh ; and his voice is to 
you, O young meh, the favored 
sons of the church, the chosen her- 
alds of salvation : " Whatsoever 



thy hand findeth to do, do it with 
thy might, for there is no work, 
nor device, nor knowledge, nor 
wisdom, in the grave, whither thou 
goest." 

He was graduated from the 
Theological Department of Hamil- 
ton Institution, in August, 1839, 
but prosecuted studies as a resident 
graduate several months longer. 
He was married, Jan. 15, 1840, to 
Miss Philena Spear, daughter of 
Dea. Abraham Spear, of Palmyra, 
a companion every way fitted to 
promote both his happiness and his 
usefulness. They found a home 
in the family of his brother, Mr. 
James Edmunds, Jr., then Steward 
of the Education Society, intend- 
ing to remain there until Mr. E. 
had completed his contemplated 
course of studies. The writer of 
this sketch sat at the same table ; 
and it is not without an aflFecting 
sense of the vanity of human ex- 
pectations, that he recalls those 
scenes, so recent as hardly to seem 
past. The two brothers had mar- 
ried sisters ; and all the four were 
there gathered under the same roof, 
in the prime of life, united in the 
closest bonds of affection, pursuing 
the same great ends, and with every 
prospect of long and happy lives 
spent in the Redeemer's service. 
Three of that four now lie side by 
side in the " Cemetery-grove," un- 
der the shadow of those trees to 
which they so often walked in 
company, and within sight of the 
Institution with which they were 
all connected by such interesting 
relations. Brother J. O. Edmunds 
closed the eyes of his wife on Jan. 
16, 1841, just one year from the 
day of their marriage. During her 
protracted and painful illness, her 
husband watched beside her with 



I 



236 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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unwearied assiduity. The fatigues 
and vigils of that trying season, 
were too much for him. His frame, 
before, a model of robust vigor, 
never wholly regained its elasticity, 
but by a steady decline, at first 
gradual, but more rapid toward the 
the close, sank to the house ap- 
pointed for all living. 

After a lew months, spent suc- 
cessfully in an agency for the Ed- 
ucation Society, Mr. Edmunds ac- 
cepted a call to the pastorate of 
the Baptist church in Jersey city, 
near New- York, where he remain- 
ed until his failing health obliged 
him to relinquish preaching alto- 
gether. The books in which, with 
characteristic accuracy, he kept the 
records of his brief career, as well 
as the style of his written dis- 
courses, exhibit abundant evidence 
of the ardor with which his work 
was prosecuted, and of the high 
standard of ministerial excellence 
which he had set before him. The 
record of his success is written in 
the history of a revived and 
strengthened church, on the hearts 
of many who through his instru- 
mentality are made possessors of 
the Christian's hope, and, we trust, 
in the Lamb's book of life. 

On leaving this dear people, he 
made a short visit to his friends in 
Western New- York, and then, in 
the fall of 1842, bade them, as he 
foreboded, falas ! with too much 
reason,) a final adieu, and went 
into a southern state to pass the 
winter. He found a home in the 
western part of Virginia, at the 
house of Dr. Grady, and his father, 
of Snickersville, a Christian and a 
Baptist. 

His letters during the winter 
were so cheerful, as to encourage 
among his friends the hope that 



his diseases had been effectually 
checked, and would soon be thrown 
entirely off. Nor did anything 
occur to disturb this expectation, 
until April last, when a letter was 
received from Dr. Grady, contain- 
ing intelligence of his having be- 
gun again to fail, and with so 
much rapidity that there was but 
little probability of his ever return- 
ing north. His brother was at that 
time confined to the bed-side of a 
dying wife, but without delay de- 
spatched a messenger (Mr. Samuel 
Ward, then a theological student 
at Hamilton,) with directions to \ 
bring Mr. E. immediately home, 
unless indeed it should be too late 
to do so with safety. 

Mr. Ward found him even lower 
than he expected, and felt some 
doubts as to the propriety of re- 
moving him ; Dr. G. also was ex- 
ceedingly reluctant to have him 
set out while so feeble. But the 
strong desire which Mr. Edmunds 
felt, to see his old home once more, 
and to be buried by the side of his 
beloved companion, overcame the 
kind scruples of his friends ; and, 
having drawn from the Dr. an 
opinion that he would probably be 
able to endure a slow and easy 
journey, and perhaps be even 
benefited by the change of scene 
and air, he at length concluded to 
leave a house, whose inmates had 
manifested the tenderest sympathy 
in his sufferings, and where every 
thing had been done for his comfort 
which professional skill could dic- 
tate or christian kindness devise. 
On the evening of the fourth day 
after leaving Snickersville, they 
put up for the night within six 
I miles of Alexandria, having come 
I only fifty miles. At this time, 
i writes Mr. W., "he seemed less 



En 



CYCLOPiEDIA. 



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237 



fatigued than on any previous eve- 
ning, and retired to rest much en- 
couraged with the prospect of soon 
meeting his friends in Hamilton. 
About three o'clock next morning, 
he awoke me. I found him sitting 
on the side of the bed. The first 
thing he said was, *I feel very- 
strong.' I told him I was glad to 
hear it, and he replied that he 
wanted to go out, and walk around 
the house for exercise. I told him 
I thought he needed rest more than 
exercise, 'Well,' said he, after 
musing a moment, 'just as you 
say,' and lay down again. The 
next morning he referred to this 
conversation, and added: 'After 
you went to sleep, I got up and 
walked out into the garden and ail 
around.' There were circumstances 
which satisfied me, that this could 
not be so ; and the painful convic- 
tion flashed upon me, that his brain 
had become afiected, and that his 
mind was deranged." This sus- 
picion was soon confirmed, and 
from this time Mr. Edmunds began 
very plainly to fail. On reaching 
Alexandria, they were most kindly 
received by Elder Kingsford, who 
would not consent to their going 
any farther that day, although they 
felt that the most fatiguing part of 
their journey was over, the rest 
being by water and railroad. At 
his house, the best medical advice 
was procured for Mr. Edmunds' 
now suffering body ; while nothing 
could be more adapted to soothe 
his troubled and excited mind, than 
the judicious converse of this ex- 
perienced minister and his excel- 
lent lady. Before midnight he was 
much relieved, the next morning 
seemed decidedly better, and by 
eight o'clock was comfortably lying 
in the cabin of the steamer Colum- 



bia, and rapidly descending towards 
the mouth of the Potomac. 

To this point he had been look- 
ing forward during the whole of 
his fatiguing and tedious ride, with 
the feeling that when he should 
reach it, he should be indeed near 
his home. Nor did the result dis- 
appoint his expectation; but it 
was his heavenly, not his earthly 
home, to which he now was rapid- 
ly approaching. " So far as the 
body was concerned," says his kind 
and faithful attendant, "brother E. 
seemed comfortable, except for a 
short time in the afternoon, when 
he manifested considerable uneasi- 
ness ; but his mind was disturbed 
and wandering the whole day. 
He would frequently ask me, if I 
had seen his brother James yet, or 
if I had been to the post-office for 
letters and papers from his brother. 
In the course of the day. Elder Ad- 
ams, of Baltimore, came on board 
at one of the landing places, but 
brother E. gave no sign of recog- 
nizing him. Early in the evening, 
we approached the mouth of the 
river. The wind was high, and 
the water so rough, that the Cap- 
tain thought it unsafe to venture 
out on the Bay, and we anchored 
in Comstock Harbor, about a quar- 
ter of a mile off* Cape Lookout. At 
ten o'clock, I had a bed spread for 
Mr. E. on the floor, which 1 thought 
would be more comfortable than 
his berth. But very soon after be- 
ing removed, I found that he was 
dying. He was at first slighly con- 
vulsed, but gradually sank into a 
state of perfect quietness, continuing 
to draw his breath more and more 
faintly until about a quarter before 
eleven, when he gently breathed 
his last. So peaceful was his de- 
parture, that I could not determine 



238 



Eu 



HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Fa 



for some minutes whether he was 
really gone. It was truly "falling 
asleep," and, without a doubt, in 
the Saviour's arms. The day be- 
fore, he had conversed with Mr. 
and Mrs. Kingsford, as freely as 
the state of his body and mind 
would permit, and given the most 
satisfactory evidence, if indeed his 
life had left any room to desire it, 
that his hope was fixed upon the 
sure foundation, and that it was 
as an anchor to his soul in this dark 
and stormy hour. 

There is something melancholy 
in the circumstances of his death, 
on that wild, tempestuous night, in 
the cabin of a steamboat, surround- 
ed by strangers, and with only one 
of the many affectionate friends 
who would have felt it a privilege 
to stand by his bed-side and soothe 
his dying pangs. And yet it was 
pleasingly characteristic of the 
man, to die in the resolute pursuit 
of an object on which he had fixed 
his purpose — an object, too, to 
which he was drawn, not by his 
interests, but his affections. It was 
a suitable end of a career so ener- 
getic and self-forgetting as his had 
been throughout; and he doubtless 
found it (to use an expression of 
his own, made but a day or two 
before,) " as sweet to go to Jesus 
from a steamer's cabin, as from any 
other place." 

Immediately after reaching Bal- 
timore, Mr. Ward made arrange- 
ments for fulfilling brother E.'s dy- 
ing request, that he should be car- 
ried to Hamilton and buried by the 
side of his wife. This melancholy 
journey was completed on the ai- 
ternoon of the sixth day from his 
death ; at which time his friends, 
having been previously notified, 
assembled at the tolling of the bell, 



and proceeded immediately to the 
interment. It was with an inexpres- 
sible feeling of relief and satisfac- 
tion, that they saw this precious 
dust, its mortal toils and weary 
wanderings ended, laid in its chosen 
place of rest. Beside him lay his 
beloved companion, and just be- 
yond, beneath a yet fresh sod, their 
newly-buried sister : and there the 
three shall sweetly sleep together 
till the resurrection morn." 

FARNWORTH, Richard, an 
English Quaker, and learned au- 
thor of numerous works with sin- 
gular titles ; one, " To you that 
are called Baptists," 1654, 4to. 
Observe, ** are called," not call 
yourselves, which distinction ob- 
tained in that age. In fact, the 
name Baptist was given to the sect 
at first reproachfully and vulgarly, 
by BuUinger learnedly, but dis- 
dainfully. They called themselves 
in England, in the seventeenth 
century, baptized congregations, 
and such like names, and finally 
accepted the name Baptist^ given 
by their enemies, whicn expressed 
more than those who first used it 
meant; i.e., it claimed that Baptists 
pre-eminently, in contradistinction 
to others, baptized^ and rightly. 
Bib. Brit. 

FARMER, Richard, one of the 
English Baptist Ministers who suf- 
fered for non-conformity, in Lei- 
cestershire. He was minister of a 
congregation of Baptists at Kilbey; 
had a small estate to live upon ; 
was a very affecting preacher, and 
frequently preached among the In- 
dependents. He studied hard, and 
increased in knowledge very fast 
The calamity of the times brought 
much trouble upon him, so that 
he suffered greatly for his religion. 
Distress was made, by virtue of a 



Fa 



OYCLOPiEDIA. 



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239 



1 justice of the peace's warrant, upon | 
his goods ; and they took from him, 
in one year, to the value of one 
hundred and ten pounds. One of 
his informers, who threatened him 
much, was at Trinkley market, 
and there hoasted of what he had 
done against him, and declared 
that he hoped, before next Candle- 
mas, (this being at Christmas,) 
that he should get a good portion 
for his daughter by informing ; but 
as he was riding home, and over a 
I ^SSY place, where there was a 
[ little brook, his horse threw him 
into it, and he was drowned in a 
less quantity of water than would 
cover his body. At another time, 
one swore against him. Quickly 
after, this informer's tongue so 
swelled in his mouth, that he died 
thereupon, being supposed to have 
taken a false oath. Mr. Farmer 
and Mr. Adams joined with Mr. 
I Shuttleworth and Mr. Clark, and 
I frequently kept days. of prayer, at 
Mr. Woolaston's, at Loesby. They 
preached often one for another, and 
kept up a meeting at Loesby-hall, 
taking their turns. He died in the 
reign of King James II., and, as 1 
am informed, was buried at Kilbey, 
the place of his residence. Crosby, 
vol. iii., pp. 118, 119. 

FARWELL, Hon. Levi, an 
American Baptist, late of Cam- 
bridge, was born in Worcester 
county, Mass. His father was a 
farmer ; and Levi spent the years 
of his minority principally in assist- 
ing him in this calling. There 
were no incidents which peculiarly 
distinguished his boyhood. His 
kindness and consideration made 
him a favorite among his brothers 
and sisters. He was understood to 
be the arbiter in cases of disagree- 
ment among them. He had natu- 



rally much amiability of disposi- 
tion, though of a nervous tempera- 
ment and easily excited to anger. 
The advantages which he enjoyed 
for cultivating his mind were but 
small, and his instruction imper- 
fect. He was not permitted to ac- 
quire even a knowledge of the 
grammar of his own language. 
The time which was allotted to 
study was only a few months, or 
perhaps a few weeks, for a few 
years of his childhood and youth. 
His limited opportunities in early 
life were matter of regret after he 
entered into its business, and when 
he was called to assume many 
pressing and weighty responsibili- 
ties. It is a remarkable iact that 
he had so carefully observed the 
use of language in good society, 
that there seldom appeared any 
violation of the rules of grammar 
or of good taste in his numerous 
letters ; and few men wrote more 
intelligent and comprehensive epis- 
tles than he did: whether it were 
to missionaries among the heathen 
or merchants in England, they 
were brief, proper, and pertinent. 

When about seventeen years 
old, young Farwell had his atten- 
tion directed to a careful considera- 
tion of his obligations to love and 
serve his Creator. He ascertained 
what claims God made on him, 
and felt that they were just, and 
would therefore be sustained ; but 
he was painfully conscious that he 
had not met these claims, and was 
therefore guilty. His conviction of 
sin was deep and intelligent. He 
abandoned all hope of obtaining 
the favor of God by any thing 
which he could oflFer or promise. 
These scriptural views of his guilt 
and helplessness prepared him to 
receive the Lord Jesus Christ as 



240 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fa 



the propitiation for his sins. Some 
time ailer he entertained a hope 
that his sins had been forgiven, he 
united with the Congregational 
church in his native village, of 
which he continued an exemplar)' 
member while he remained in that 
place. He had almost reached the 
age of manhood, and had formed 
no plans for the future. He looked 
out upon the world with interest 
and solicitude, scarcely knowing 
what direction to take. At length 
he determined to come into the 
vicinity of Boston. After being 
engaged for a time in business 
which oflfered itself, he abandoned 
it as unsuitable to his character, as 
it was uncongenial to his feelings. 
A short time after this he obtained 
a place as clerk to the Messrs. Bar- 
rett, in the city of Boston. He was 
now about twenty years of age. 
After his residence was fixed in 
the city, he connected himself with 
the old South church, then under 
the pastoral care of the Rev. Dr. 
Eckley. 

He continued his connexion with 
this church for several years : it 
does not appear that he was parti- 
cularly active or energetic as a 
Christian during the period of his 
membership. After about two 
years' residence in Boston, he was 
solicited by Mr. Richard Boardman 
to engage in business in Cambridge. 
With this he complied, and before 
the time for which he had engaged 
as clerk expired, his skill and in- 
tegrity in business had gained for 
him so much of the confidence of 
his employer, that he was offered a 
place as partner in the concern. 
This offer was accepted. Consider- 
ing himself as settled in business, 
he now gave his energies afresh to 
the work in which he was engaged. 



The demand for effort was great, 
as the business was extensive. His 
mind had become considerably 
matured, and great confidence was 
reposed in his honesty, frankness, 
and integrity by those with whom 
he transacted business. 

But after about two years of se- 
vere application to the business in 
which he had become interested as 
one of the firm, his health failed. 
When partially recovered, he was 
prostrated by hemorrhage of the 
lungs. This continued at intervals 
for several months, which reduced 
him very low, and placed him for 
a long time beyond the reasonable 
hope of life. But after lingering 
for many months, the disease abated 
and some favorable symptoms ap- 
peared. He was an invalid for 
about two years, and for miost of 
that time confined to his room. 

During his confinement much of 
his time was spent in reading the 
Bible. He resorted to the word of 
God as the source of his comfort, 
and as furnishing a test of Christian 
character. Whether he was laying 
the foundation of character and in- 
fluence for future life, or making 
solemn preparation for a speedy 
exit from the world, he knew not. 
In either case he desired a familiar 
acquaintance with what was taught 
in the oracles of divine truth. In 
the course of his reading and inves- 
tigation, he was incidentally led to 
inquire what the scriptures taught 
concerning baptism. He has fre- 
quently said that he was surprised 
and disappointed in the first read- 
ing of the New Testament, as he 
prosecuted this inquiry; but he 
supposed the fault was in himself. 
He read again, with Doddridge and 
others to aid him. Still he was 
disappointed at the small number 



Fa 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Fa 



241 



of texts which sustained by any 
II interpretation thepaodobaptist view 
of the subject, and dissatisfied with 
the interpretation given a large 
portion of them by the authors 
whom he consulted. He was al- 
most fearful that he had not ac- 
knowledged his Saviour in the way 
of Ids appointment. He was in 
difficulty, and acquainted his pas- 
tor with his investigation and dis- 
s^pointment. He endeavored to 
relieve him from difficulty and to 
soothe his feelings. They had fre- 
quent conversations, and Mr. Far- 
well read treatises on the subject 
of baptism, which he recommended,, 
and reperused the scriptures. The 
result was, he was painfully con- 
vinced that he had not been bap- 
tized. He determined to obey the 
teachings of the word of God, and 
follow the dictates of his conscience 
on the subject. Accordingly, in 
September, 1811, he was baptized 
by Dr. Thomas Baldwin, and joined 
the church then under his pastoral 
care. So important did he deem 
this investigation, that he leflt a 
record of the process and its results. 
It is now before me, attached to the 
inside of the cover of a blank book 
in which he recorded the texts 
which were the themes of the dis- 
courses which he heard on the 
Sabbath. 

This record indicates a very care- 
ful, patient, and thorough exami- 
nation of the subject, so far as a 
mere English reader can prosecute 
the investigation. 

The period when Mr. Farwell 
united with Dr. Baldwin's church 
was one of deep interest, from the 
fact that soon after this our first 
missionaries went forth from it to 
India. The consecration and de- 
parture of Wheelock and Coleman 



made a deep and abiding impres* 
sion on his heart From this time 
to his death he was the devoted 
and efficient friend of missions. No 
man sympathized with the mis- 
sionary in his toils, trials, priva- 
tions, and perils more deeply or 
more intelligently than he did. As 
a member of the church, he soon 
began to be known as a man of 
sound discretion, great decision and 
independence, and strictly governed 
by the principles of the gospel in 
his business, and in the manage- 
ment of the affiiirs of the church. 
His influence in its discipline was 
considerable, and was always ex- 
erted to promote its purity, by de- 
manding the excision of such as 
walked disorderly. There was at 
this time residing near him in 
Cambridge a companion of his 
youth, who was also a Baptist. 
They had often conversed about 
their responsibility and influence 
in the place of their residence. 
After the lapse of several years, 
they determined to meet in Mr. 
Farwell's room once each week for 
prayer. This they continued to do 
for two years, and about this time 
other places were opened for meet- 
ings. He was foremost in procuring 
the aid of the neighboring clergy- 
men to preach an occasional lec- 
ture on Sabbath evening, and to 
encourage the formation of a Bap- 
tist church, which was done in 
December, 1817. As those engaged 
in this enterprise had relied on his 
judgment and followed his counsel, 
they elected him as one of their 
officers. 

From this time his energy and 
influence were devoted to the ad- 
vancement of evangelical religion 
in Cambridge. He was ready to 
make any sacrifice, or perform any 



242 



Fa 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fa 



labor, which the cause seemed to 
demand. The first pastor of the 
church (Rev. Bela Jacobs) was not 
in good health for several years of 
his ministry. Deacon Farwell sel- 
dom allowed a day to pass without 
calling on him and inquiring if any 
thing was needed for his comfort, 
or a supply for the Sabbath. While 
the pastor did what his health 
would permit in visiting the church 
and congregation, that there should 
be no lack in this respect, Mr. F. 
spent much time in visiting the 
sick and others connected with the 
congregation. He acquired a pecu- 
liarly happy manner in these offices 
of Christian kindness, and rendered 
efficient aid to the cause of religion 
in this way. His cares multiplied 
with his years, but his arrange- 
ments were always made to give 
room and time for the performance 
of his duties to the church. His 
punctuality in his business engage- 
ments was proverbial ; but he was 
no less constant and prompt in his 
attendance on all the social meet- 
ings of the church, than in his se- 
cular arrangements. 

From its first establishment he 
was a teacher in the Sabbath school, 
and for many years acted as super- 
intendent. During the week he 
sat in council with the Senate of 
the commonwealth, and on the 
Sabbath took his place before his 
little class in Sabbath school. Nor 
did he trust to his general know- 
ledge of the scriptures, or his supe- 
rior talents, as a sufficient furnish- 
ing for this work, but made special 
and thorough preparation for it. 
Before engaging in the business of 
every day, he almost uniformly sat 
down to prepare for the Sabbath. 
This was his habit for years. It 
was thus he became one of the 



best teachers in this department of 
religious education; and it was 
thus his words of instruction had 
great weight with those who lis- 
tened to him. Much of the exten- 
sive and excellent religious influ- 
ence which he exerted should be 
ascribed to this habit of searching 
the scriptures daily. 

His uniformly Christian aad 
gentlemanly deportment won the 
confidence and esteem of all who 
knew him. The citizens of Cam- 
bridge honored him with nearly 
all the municipal trusts in their 
gift„ and several times he was their 
representative in the General Court ; 
and once at least a member of the 
Senate. In both branches of the 
Legislature, his strong common 
sense, sterling integrity, and general 
knowledge of legislation, gave him 
no inconsiderable influence. 

He was unaccustomed to public 
speaking, and made no pretensions 
to oratory, but when he arose he 
was always listened to with re- 
spectful attention, and when deep- 
ly moved few men were more efiec- 
tive in their address. Very many 
who have spent years in the pulpit 
or at the bar would fail to restrain 
or guide the tide of popular feeling 
when he succeeded. His kind per- 
suasive words, his calm and be- 
nignant look, were like oil on the 
turbid waters of excited passion. 
When speaking of the great truths 
of religion, the wonderful provisions 
of the gospel, the imperative and 
constraining nature of Christian 
obligation, he seldom failed to reach 
the heart and open the fountains 
of feeling so as to call forth tears. 

His cares accumulated with the 
lapse of every year. The assiduity 
and faithfulness with which he dis- 
charged the duties assigned to him 



Fa 



CYCLOPAEDIA. 



Fa 



243 



by institutions and societies,brought 
to him many important trusts, and 
imposed upon him many exhaust- 
ing responsibilities. He had for 
many years been a member of the 
Missionary Board, in connexion 
with >vhich he for considerable 
'time discharged the duties of trea- 
surer. Often has he said, ^' I feel 
my individual property pledged to 
sustain the missionaries whom we 
have sent out, and to meet the lia- 
bilities of the Board." But the in- 
terest which he took in missions 
-was not simply official and pecu- 
niaary : his heart was alive to all 
the ^^ants of stations occupied, and 
individuals in the field. His prayers 
for them were peculiarly fervent 
and appropriate when he met at 
the concert. 

When there was felt in the com- 
munity the need of an institution 
for the education of young men for 
the ministry, he was found in sym- 
pathy with intelligent pastors, and 
i9vas on a committee with the late 
lamented Cobb and Deacon Bach- 
elder of Lynn, to select a site, and 
make some arrangements for com- 
mencing operations. The result of 
their examination and inquiry was 
the purchase of a large estate at 
Newton, and giving of it to the 
Education Society, as a gratuity. 
Of this institution he was a trustee 
from its commencement. He also 
sustained the office of treasurer and 
general supervisor. Its establish- 
ment was an undertaking in which 
he felt a deep interest, and to pro- 
mote its prosperity he devoted much 
time and effort. To its support he 
appropriated much of his means. 
For many years he visited it once, 
and frequently twice a week, though 
living at a distance of six or seven 
miles. The present prosperous state 



of this institution 'is owing in no 
small measure to his council, and 
sacrifices and eflFort in its behalf. 
The last direction which he gave 
when on his dying bed was con- 
cerning this sacred seminary. 

For several years previous to his 
death he was steward of Harvard 
College, a place of great responsi- 
bility. Added to these, more public 
trusts and transactions, his acting 
as trustee, guardian, executor, &c., 
made an amount of labor that no 
man could perform with impunity 
for any considerable time. For 
several years he had occasional ad- 
monitions of this in the brief inter- 
ruptions which were made by sud- 
den attacks of severe and prostrat- 
ing pain in the head. He seemed 
at such times aware of the cause of 
his illness, but it had becom') so 
natural to make an effort to oblige 
and aid all who applied to him, 
that on recovery this resolution to 
refuse such applications, which he 
had formed in his sick-room, were 
broken, and his burdens increased 
instead of being diminished. In 
1843, his friends saw that his 
strength was wasting under these 
exhausting labors, and endeavored 
to secure some release; but the 
situation of his family seemed to 
forbid, and he kept on as usual, 
with the added effort during the 
winter of attending the Legislature 
as one of the representatives of 
Cambridge. He was obliged, how- 
ever, to obtain leave of absence 
before the close of the session. In 
the sanctuary he was in his place, 
and met with his Bible class until 
February. He seemed peculiarly 
interested in a sermon on the last 
Sabbath which he attended wor- 
ship with us, on the application of 
the principles of the gospel to the 



244 



Fa 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fa 



business of life. While he repudi- 
ated all dependence on our own 
works as a ground of acceptance or 
salvation, yet he insisted on a strict 
and constant obedience to the pre- 
cepts of the gospel as being the only 
evidence of saving faith in Jesus 
Christ. 

Mr. F. was obliged to relinquish 
business in March, but there was 
no development of organic disease 
which the medical faculty could 
detect His strength gradually de- 
clined, but his mind continued 
calm ; and he entertained some 
hope of recovery. Not a murmur- 
ing word ever escaped him ; but he 
often spoke with much feeling of 
the goodness of God as manifested 
to him in all his life, and especially 
of the mercy which he had received 
in the remission of his sins for 
Jesus' sake. His conversation was 
at times peculiarly interesting. 
While he cherished a desire to re- 
cover, it was only that he might 
be permitted to continue his toil 
for the cause of Christ. He often 
spoke of his release and his rest 
with great interest and animation. 
One of his last conversations was 
with reference to the encouraging 
intelligence from the Missionary 
Convention, then in session at Phi- 
liadelphia, and one of the last plans 
which he formed was to attend the 
anniversary meeting of the Foreign 
Mission Society, in Boston, which 
occurred on the afternoon and at 
the hour of his funeral. 

For some days before his death 
he was deprived of his reason, and 
the power of intelligible speech. 
His death was without a struggle 
or a groan, as one falling asleep. 

It was so, for he fell 

Asleep Id Jesus I blessed sleep I 
From it he*ll nerer wmke to weep ; 



A calm aod midisturbed repose, 
Unbroken hj the last of foes. 

Baptist Memorial. 

FAUKELIUS, Herman, a writer 
against the Anabaptists, who flou- 
rished in the 18th century. See 
Bayle's Die, vol. i., p. 289, note k, 
art. Anabaptists; Benedict, p. 926; 
and particularly art. Bayle, Peter, 
in Baptist Cyclopaedia. 

FRANKIUS, A. H. We can 
only quote from his work, entitled 
" Programmata," progam. xiv., p. 
343-344, his testimony that " The 
baptism of Christ represented his 
sufferings, (Matt. xx. 22,) and his 
coming up out of the water his re- 
surrection from the dead." 

FRANK, Sebastian, of Wardens, 
published, 1563, a work, entitled 
Chronik, or Chronicle of Sebastian 
Frank. He was a G-erman Bap- 
tist His work was a book of Mar- 
tyrdoms, Persecutions, and History 
of German Baptists, and develops 
and defends their prihciples. In 
our history this author will be more 
fully noticed under its chronological 
period. 

FRANCIS, Benjamin, a Welsh 
Baptist, author of a poem in Welsh, 
entitled " Can ar Fedydd." This 
is rather a modern work. 

FRANKLIN, George, a Baptist 
minister of Georgia, was bom on 
James River, Virginia. His father, 
William Franklin, who was also a 
Baptist minister, emigrated to War- 
ren county, Georgia, while G-eorge 
was quite young. His father, about 
1790, was ministerat Brier Creek, in 
Warren county, and by the manner 
of his sudden death at Louisville, 
Georgia, it was suspected that he 
was murdered. George Franklin 
was pastor of Buckeye Church, in 
Laurens county. He was several 
years moderator of Hephzibah As- 



Fa 



CYCLOPiEDlA. 



Fa 



245 



sociation, was a member of the 
General Committee, and a repre- 
sentative in the Legislature from 
Washington county. He was also 
a member of the Convention to re- 
vise the constitution of the state in 
1798. He died in 1815; aged, 55. 
Campbell's Georgia Baptists, p. 28. 

FRANKLYN. We find a Mr. 
Franklyn mentioned as a Supra- 
Lapsarktn Baptist Pastor ; first, at 
Mile-End Town, Chapel-street, 
London, England, about 1807, — a 
colony from Little Alie-street, Good- 
man's Fields. He is represented 
as popular with his flock. His 
church afterwards met in Red Cross- 
street, and absorbed the extinct 
church which met at Bagnio-court, 
in Newgate. See Wilson's Hist. 
Dissent. Churches, &c., vol. iii., p. 
304, 397. 

FABRICIUS, John, in Acad. 
Julia, S. T. P., author of Considera- 
tio variarum Controversiarum, vi- 
delicet earum quae nobis interce- 
dunt, cum Atheis, G-entilibus, Ju- 
daeis, Mahomedanis, Socinianis, 
Anabaptistis, Pontificiis et Reforma- 
tis, Hernst. 1704, 4to. Bib. Brit. 

FABRICIUS, J., (probably JoAn 
Albert,) Professor of Eloquence at 
Hamburgh, and one of the most 
eminent and laborious scholars of 
his time in Europe, was born at 
Leipsic, 1668 ; died at Hamburgh, 
1736. Had he written no others 
than his Bibliotheca, Graeca, Latina, 
Ecclesiastica, &c. For the list 
see Bibliotheca Britannica. He 
taught, '^ Baptism is the seal of 
faith," which is begun and adorned 
by the faith of repentance. We 
are not, therefore, washed that we 
may leave oflf sinning, but because 
we have already done it, and are 
already purified in heart.^' Hist. 
Biblioth. Fabrician Tom.i., p. 157. 



FABRICIUS, Francis, professor 
of Divinity in the University of 
Leipsic, was born at Amsterdam, 
1663 ; died, 1738. In the catalogue 
of his principal works, one entitled 
" Chrystologia Noachica et Abra- 
hamica." Dissert., xi. sec. 16, may 
be cited : " I confess that circum- 
cision, considered externally, that 
is, without a divine institution, 
might seem to be an exceedingly 
ridiculous and shameful rite." If, 
however, all christians acknowledge 
its divine institution, and deem 
this fact a sufficient reply to the 
cavils of infidelity against it, why 
may not the same reasoning by 
Baptists, touching immersion, as 
properly and effectually silence 
Pa^dobaptist ridicule ? This Fabri- 
cius was, however, very bitter 
against the Jews, scarcely admit- 
ting the possibility of the descend- 
ants of Christ's murderers being 
saved by Christ. 

FEATLEY, Daniel, a learned 
controversial writer of the Church 
of England, was born near Oxford, 
1532; died, 1645. His works were 
chiefly directed against Popery, 
some were against Presbytery, and 
the Baptists shared his attentions. 
He was the famous author of a 
work, entitled "The Dippers Dipt; 
being a Discourse against the Ana- 
baptists," Lond. 1647, 4to. For the 
list of his works, see Bib. Brit. In 
reference to this book, the critique 
and testimonial of a distinguished 
Psedobaptist historian will be in- 
troduced, who says: " On the 17th 
of October, 1642, Mr. Kiffin, and 
three other Baptists, held a dispu- 
tation in South wark with that cele- 
brated champion. Dr. Daniel Feat- j 
ley. The only account we have ! 
I of this dispute is that given to the ! 
] public by the Doctor, about two 1 



246 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fa 



years afterwards, in a book entitled 
* The Dippers Dipt, or the Anabap- 
tists Duck'd and Plung'd over Head 
and Ears, at a Disputation in 
Southwark.' Whatever of argu- 
ment is contained in this book, the 
Doctor has loaded his adversaries 
with plenty of abuse. In order that 
the reader may not entertain too 
favorable an idea of their character, 
he relates some remarkable stories, 
to prove them — 1. An illiterate and 
sottish sect ; 2. A lying and blas- 
phemous sect ; 3. An impure and 
carnal sect ; 4. A cruel and bloody 
sect ; 5. A profane and sacrilegious 
sect. And he sums up the whole 
by record ing some fearful j udgments 
of God upon the ringleaders of the 
sect. In such repute was the Doc- 
t>or's book held at that time, that 
it passed through no less than six 
editions in as many years." The 
sixth edition was published 1651. 
The foregoing testimony is from 
Walter Wilson's Hist. Dissent. 
Churches, &c., vol. i., p. 413. Under 
Art. DENNE, Henry, which see, we 
have noticed Mr. Denne's answer 
to Dr. Featley's book, and recorded 
the anecdote of their interview and 
corre.sf)ondence, while both were in 
the same prison. See art. KIFFIN, 
William, also the works of Crosby, 
Ivimey, and Benedict, pp. 266-267, 
and Notes, and Wilson ut supra, 
and vol. ii. p. 442. In his Dippers 
Dipt, 7th edition, p. 7, Dr. Featley 
has this remarkable passage, re- 
markable for him : ** b^jhtt.^, ifrom 
whence baptize is derived, signifieth 
as well to dye as to dip; and it 
may be that the Holy Ghost, in the 
word baptism^ hath some reference 
to that signification, because by 
baptism we change our hxje. For 
Varco reporteth of a river in Booetia, 
that the water thereof turneth 



sheep of a dark or dun .color into 
white ; so the sheep of Christ are 
washed in the font of baptism, by 
virtue of Christ's promise, though 
before they were never so dark^ sad, 
or dirty color, yet in their souls 
become white and pure^ and, as it 
were, new dyedJ^ Here is baptismal 
regeneration as strong as it is taught 
in the catechism of the Council of 
Trent, as taught in the Church of 
England, and as plead by Dr. Pa- 
sey. Bishop Ives, and by Alexander 
Campbell, but it is by dipping. Who 
makes a saviour of baptism, aye, of 
immersian? Dr. Featley. That 
two such rabid enemies of Baptists 
should so widely differ as Baxter 
and Featley-— one making immer- 
sion to regenerate the soul, and the 
other calling it flat murder, and a 
breach of the commandment, Thou 
shalt not kill, (see Art. Baxter,) and 
yet both defend infant baptism, and 
so harmoniously abuse the Baptists 
— is a phenomenon for which the 
most profound mental and ethical 
philosopher might not so easily ac- 
count. 

FELL, Dr. John, bishop of Ox- 
ford, a very learned divine, and son 
of Samuel, was born in Berkshire, 
England, 1625; died, 1686. To 
him has been ascribed the author- 
ship of the following work, entitled 
"The Interests of England Stated; 
or, A faithful and just Account of •: 
the Aims of all Parties now prevail- i' 
ing, distinctly treating of the de- \ 
signments of the Roman Catholics, I' 
Royalists, Presbyterians, Anabap- 
tists, 1659, 4to. Bib. Brit. In his j 
work, entitled " Paraphrase and i 
Annotations on all St. Paul's Epis- 
tles ;" done by several men at Ox- 
ford, corrected and improved, 3d 
edition, Lond. 1702, 8vo., is the j 
following note on Rom. vi. 4:— jl 



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247 



" The primitive fashion of immer- 
sion under the water, representing 
our death, and elevation out of it 
again, our resurrection, our regene- 
ration." 

FLEETWOOD, William, suc- 
cessively bishop of St. Asaph and 
Ely, England, was born in London, 
1656; died, 1723. He was a popu- 
lar preacher; and among his works 
was one, entitled " The Judgment 
of the Church of England, in the 
Case of Lay-Baptism, and of Dis- 
senters' Baptism, by which it ap- 
pears she has not, by any public act 
of hers, declared Lay-Baptism to be 
invalid." 1712, 2d edition, 8vo. 
Bib. Brit. 

FERGUSON, Robert, an Eng- 
lish author of several able theolo- 
gical works ; among others, ** The 
Interest of Reason in Religion, of 
the Use of Metaphors, and of the 
Union betwixt Christ and Believers ; 
with reflections on a Discourse by 
Mr. Sherlock," Lond. 1675, 8vo., 
I has on pp. 328, 333, 334, 462, the 
' following, on the principles of in- 
terpretation of language, which, 
philologically as well as practically, 
! are correct. " If men," says he, 
I " be permitted to forsake the natu- 
ral and genuine sense of words, 
where the matter is capable of it, 
j they may, notwithstanding their 
declaring themselves to believe the 
gospel, yet believe nothing at all 
of the christian faith. We are not 
to forsake the genuine and natural 
signification of words^ unless there 
he the HIGHEST EVIDENCE that the 
author did otherwise intend them, 
saith the civil law. And, as Aus- 
tin saith, The proper signification 
of words is always to be retained, 
unless NECESSITY enforce us to ex- 
pound them otherwise. Every scrip- 
ture expression, word, and phrase 



is to be taken properly, and accord- 
ing to its original and inunediate 
meaning, if nothing of absurdity, 
nothing repugnant to faith, or dis- 
agreeable to the common notices of 
mankind, arise or ensue upon such 
an acceptation. There is no bound- 
ing of e roving fancy, which loves 
to sport itself with ideas and phan- 
tasms itself has raised, without con- 
fining ourselves within the foresaid 
limits. What better evidence can 
we have of the sense of a place 
than that, had an author intended 
such a meaning, he could have 
used no plainer expression to de- 
clare it ?" 

FELLOWS, John, an English 
Methodist, author of — " Hymns on 
Believers' Baptism," 1773, 12mo. ; 
also a few other works, among them 
*' The Holy Bible," in verse. Bib. 
Brit. 

FLEMING, Caleb, a Socinian 
minister, born at Nottingham, 
England, 1698; died, 1779. See 
Art. BuRRouGHEs, Joseph. Mr. Fle- 
ming wrote a work, entitled " An 
Appendix to the Plea for Infants,'' 
in reply to Mr. Burroughes's two 
Discourses on Positive Institutions, 
and published 1742 ; and Mr. Bur- 
roughes replied again in 1743. See 
the list of Fleming's works in Bib. 
Brit. 

FLEMING, Robert, of Georgia^ 
a Baptist, author of " An Essay on 
the Baptism of John ;" also of " The 
Georgia Baptist Pulpit," &c. 

FREWIN, Paul, an Anabap- 
tist, (says Dr. Calamy,) was ejected 
from Kemply, in the county of 
Gloucester, England, by the act of 
uniformity. "After this ejectment, 
he was minister to a congregation 
at Warwick, a good preacher, and 
a very popular man." Crosby, vol. 
iii., p. 11. 



248 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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FELLOWS, an English Baptist, 
author of " Six Views of Believers' 
Baptism." Ben., p. 207. 

FREER, J., an English Baptist, 
author of " Infant Sprinkling not 
Scriptural Baptism." 

FERRIS, Jonathan. " Oh ! 
Jonathan, thou wast slain in thy 
high places. I am distressed for 
thee, my brother Jotiathan; very 
pleasant hast thou been unto me !" 

Religion, in its operations on the 
human mind, is designed to pro- 
duce a portrait of the Divine char- 
acter ; and in what can we more 
clearly discover the lovely perfec- 
tions of our adorable Saviour than 
in the virtuous and upright lives of 
his dear children in this world ? 
In reviewing the conduct of those 
who have appeared eminent in 
piety, and have now taken their 
departure into the eternal world, 
the religioiLs traits in their charac- 
ter shine forth in the most vivid 
coJor, and produce a fascinating 
efi'ect on the mind of the observer, 
and imperceptibly lead to the great 
Fountain of all moral beauty. Ex- 
amples produce greater effects than 
precepts. For this reason the spirit 
of inspiration has favored us with 
the previous traits in the lives of 
holy men of old. The example is 
worthy of imitation ; for " the 
rififhteous shall be had in everlast- 
ing remembrance." 

Eld, Jonathan Ferris was the 
son of Dea. Israel Ferris, and was 
born in Stamford, Dutchess county, 
N. Y., on the 25th of April, 1778. 
From a child he was a subject of 
serious impressions. He at length 
obtained a satisfactory evidence of 
his adoption, and in the year 1796 
was baptized by Elder Elkanah 
Holmes, then a missionary among 
the Indians. He was the first per- 



son that was baptized in the town 
of Norwich, Chen, co., N. Y. Soon 
after his baptism a church arose in 
that town, with which he united. 
He was married to Miss Rhoda 
Purdy, daughter of Deacon James 
Purdy, of Plymouth, Chen, co., N. 
Y., in 1798. May 20, 1803, he re- 
ceived a license from the church to 
improve his gift in preaching; and 
August 25, 1808, he was set apart 
to the work of the gospel ministry, 
in the church in North Norwich, 
by solemn ordination. He con- 
tinued his pastoral labors with this 
church until Oct. 25th, 1817. His 
labors in this place were greatly 
blessed, to the edification of the 
people of God and the awakening 
of sinners. There was from year 
to year a gradual increase of num- 
bers in the church. But in the 
years of 1810 and 1811 a glorious 
revival took place, during which 
eighty-three precious souls were 
added to the church, many of 
whom were youth. In this hal- 
lowed season of Divine influence 
his soul was on the wing, rejoicing 
in the glorious triumph of Divine 
grace, and laboring incessantly to 
promote the glorious cause of the 
divine Redeemer. In 1816 it 
pleased the Lord again to pour ont 
his Spirit on this church and so- 
ciety, which produced an addition 
of sixty souls to the church. About 
the same time a shower of Divine 
influences descended on the village 
of Norwich, which caused an ac- 
cession of one hundred and one mem- 
bers to the church in that place. 
In this revival Br. F. was very ac- 
tive and exceedingly useful. He bap- 
tized nearly all the new members, 
as their pastor. Elder J. Randall, 
was unable to administer, by reason 
of a dislocation of his shoulder. 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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249 



But in the midst of his useful 
labors in this vicinity, Providence 
seemed to call upon hint to relin- 
quish his pastoral charge. Accord- 
ingly, on the 25th of Oct. 1817, he 
gave in his resignation, and re- 
moved to Milo, in the county of 
Yates, N.Y. Here he was called 
upon to take the pastoral care of 
the church in Milo and Jerusalem. 
In this relation he continued until 
the time of his melancholy exit. 
His labors in this vicinity were 
greatly blessed, especially the last 
year, in which he was* called upon 
to baptize a large number in Pult- 
ney. 

But it pleased the sovereign Dis- 
poser of all events to present him 
with a bitter cup, of which he must 
drink; for on the 6th of Sept. 1820, 
the desire of his eyes, the wife of 
his youth, was called from these 
mortal shores to the enjoyment of 
brighter pleasures in the world 
above. The stroke was heavy ; 
yet with due submission he bowed 
to the will of God. On the occa- 
sion he writes thus : " After being 
wedded to her about twenty-two 
years, death hath dissolved the con- 
nexion, and left me with seven 
motherless children, and a large 
circle of relatives and friends, to 
mourn under the bereaving^ provi- 
dence. I know, O Lord ! that thy 
judgments are right, and that thou 
in faithftilness hast afflicted me." 
In 1821 he married the widow 
Rachel Roberts, a worthy member 
of the church in Montgomery, 
Penn., under the pastoral care of 
the Rev. Silas Hough. In this 
woman he found an agreeable 
companion, a kind mother to his 
children, and a real helper in the 
gospel. 

But this happy family were not 



allowed long to enjoy each other ; 
for on Tuesday, the 17th of June, 
1823, about four o'clock, p.m., a 
cloud arose from the south-west, 
highly charged with the electric 
fluid, and seemed to* pass over, but 
soon returned ; the lightning and 
thunder were incessant. Br. F. 
observed the clouds had a singular 
appearance, and seemed anxious to 
watch their movements, and fre- 
quently went to the door, until re- 
quested by his daughter to come 
away. He came and took a seat 
by her, but in a moment left the 
seat, and went to the window; but 
as he was stooping to look out, the 
angel of death, arrayed in flames, 
gave the fatal stroke, and his soul 
took its departure to the realms of 
glory. The explosion damaged the 
house very much, but no other per- 
son received any lasting injury. 
His daughter's apron was set on 
fire, and when the neighbors entered 
they found his clothes burning, but 
could perceive no signs of life in 
him. 

He was interred on the follow- 
ing day, when an appropriate dis- 
course was delivered by Eld. Amos 
Chase, to a large and deeply afiected 
congregation, from Psalm xii. 1 : 
"Help, Lord, for the godly man 
ceaseth ; for the faithful fail from 
among the children of men." He 
had for some time previous to his 
death been exercised with an un- 
usual concern for the souls of his 
fellow-men, and preached with 
much freedom and fervency on the 
distinguishing doctrines of the gos- 
pel. On the Sabbath before his 
death, he preached three sermons, 
with much power, seeming to his 
hearers to possess unusual liberty 
of thought and utterance. His last 
text was in Acts xx. 21: "Testify- 



250 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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ing both to the Jews and to the 
Greeks repentance toward God and 
faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ." 
His labors were divided between 
three distinct congregations, among 
two of which some hopeful appear- ; 
ances cheered his heart, while the 
one with which he was locally si- : 
tuated seemed to remain unaffected 
under his pious and faithful ad-j 
monitions and pathetic prayers, j 
This circumstance seemed to tryi 
his faith, and to move him to tears ; | 
but God still chose to hide from I 
him the thing which he intended j 
to do for that people, and called j 
him to cease from his labors, and | 
enter into his rest. i 

On the Sabbath following thisj 
melancholy providence the people I 
appeared much aflfected ; the saints 
were aroused to a sense of their 
duty, and strengthened to take up 
their cross and come up to the help 
of the Lord, notwishstanding He 
had removed their under-shepherd 
from them; while sinners, impress- 
ed with the thoughts of death, 
judgment, and eternity, cried. 
What shall we do ? and some, in 
view of the misimprovement of 
their time and neglect of his minis- 
try, reproached themselves, saying. 
" How often has he warned us of 
our danger, and prayed for our souls, 
and we regarded it not !" About 
twenty on that day rose up in the 
congregation, and asked the prayers 
of God's people for them. A sub- 
sequent account states that many 
souls there have been hopefully 
brought into gospel liberty; some 
had been baptized, and the work 
was still progressing. 

As a husband and parent, he was 
exemplary, kind, and affectionate. 
As a friend, faithful and sincere. 
As a christian, meek and holy; and 



being favored with a melodious 
voice, he might be considered as 
one of the sweet singers of Israel: 
he took great delight in singing 
the praises of God. As a minister, 
although his preaching talents 
were not above mediocrity, he was 
sound in the faith, and a firm ad- 
vocate of the doctrine of free grace. 
As a pastor, he was exemplary, 
gently leading the flock, and feed- 
ing them with the sincere milk of 
the word ; always endeavoring to 
maintain peace and harmony in the 
church. Being dijffident and unas- 
suming, he was always ready to 
ask and receive council of his 
brethren. 

Such was this valuable man; 
and in view of the circumstance of 
his death, cut off in the midst of 
his usefulness, we are led to admire 
and wonder at the Divine admin- 
istration. Yet it becomes us to be 
still, and know that he is God, and 
submit all to Him 

*' Who works in a mysterious way, 
His wonders to perform ; 
He plants his footsteps ia the sea^ 
And rides upon the storm.** 

Peck and Lawton, pp. 219-222. 

FERRIS, Enoch, was born May 
10, 1762, in Dutchess county, 
New- York. His father removed 
to Stanwick, Conn., when Enoch 
was only two years old. His mind 
was impressed with the reality of 
divine things when about eight or 
nine years of age. In his sixteenth 
year he entertained hope in the 
mercy of God, and in the next year 
be united with the Baptist church 
in New Lebanon, N. Y. In his 
nineteenth year he married, and 
settled in Canaan. He early em- 
ployed his talents in exhortation ; 
but through the cares of the world, 
he soon forgot his closet and family 



Fb 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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251 



devotions, and also neglected his 
public exercises. At this time his 
feet had well nigh slipped ; but 
God in mercy reclaimed him, by 
means of a simple question from an 
unbelieving cousin, " Why does 
not cousin pray as he did formerly T 
Thisquestion suggested the thought 
that even unbelievers took notice 
of his apostacy. It greatly agitated 
his mind, and resulted in his return 
to his duty, with deep sorrow and 
confession. An extensive revival 
soon followed ; and the cousin who 
proposed the question to him was 
th^ first convert. From this time 
he engaged in public exercises, and 
was licensed to preach the gospel. 
He was ordained in the town of 
Southeast, in the year 1787, and 
continued to preach in that place, 
at Salem, and Nassau, until he 
was employed by the New- York 
Baptist Missionary Society as their 
missionary. His heart wa« much 
in this work, as will be seen by an 
extract from one of his first letters 
to the Board. 

" I have not had one barren sea- 
son. The Lord has been my helper. 
I hear more Macedonian cries than 
I can answer. Dear brethren, pray 
for me, that I may be kept at my 
Master's feet, and be made wise to 
feed the flock and to win souls. 
The prospect before me is favor- 
able at present. I know not when 
I have enjoyed a more precious 
season to my soul than since I 
began my ride. My prayer to God 
is, that you may be filled with the 
fruit of your missionary exertions." 

In 1816 he removed to Mexico, 
Oswego county, and continued to 
labor as a missionary in a wide cir- 
cuit. In 1817 he witnessed the 
rise of three new churches, and the 
enlargement of otliors, under his 



instrumentality. In 1819 he re- 
moved to Richland ; and receiving 
no aid, for a considerable time, from 
any society, he experienced the 
chills of poverty, while the calls 
about him were not diminished. 
Amid his gloomy prospects he thus 
writes : 

" There never was a time when 
a faithful missionary was more 
needed than at present ; for the 
greater part of the people are poor 
in the extreme, and but few are 
able to do anything towards sup- 
porting ministers. But they have 
precious souls ; and multitudes are 
perishing for lack of the knowledge 
of salvation by Jesus Christ. Had 
I not some longings for their sal- 
vation, I should quit the field ; for 
the time I have spent the year past, 
(for which I receive no other com- 
pensation than the pleasure I realise 
in performing the work, and in 
waiting for and witnessing the 
Divine blessing on my labor,) is 
worth to my family more than one 
hundred dollars. Thus, you see 
my missionary tax is great. I have 
worn out the most of my clothes, 
and have no way to get more ; but 
I trust the Lord will provide." 
Again, he writes : " Such is the 
pressing desire I feel to impart the 
word of life to the destitute in this 
wilderness, that I must, while I 
have strength, listen to the Mace- 
donian cries around me." 

Through the instrumentality of 
a kind uncle, the Lord was pleased, 
in 1825 or 1826, to relieve him from 
the pressure of poverty, and open 
to him the fairest prospects of a 
comfortable old age. This he re- 
garded with much gratitude to 
God. In 1836 he writes to the 
Missionary Society thus : 

" I do not believe it is my duty 



252 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fb 



to ask you for any further assist- 
ance. I expect this to he the last 
letter I shall write to you in the 
character of a missionary. I wish 
I could express the feelings of my 
heart towards you while I take my 
leave of you. I shall never forget 
your kindness to me, and the poor 
in this wilderness, while the fruits 
of your benevolence are around me." 

After this, however, he received 
some more aid from the Society. 
His health had been failing for 
more than a year ; but, prompted 
by zeal in his Master's cause, he 
made an excursion, in August, into 
the southern part of the county, 
where he visited from house to 
house, and preached as frequently as 
in his younger days. On the morn- 
ing of the first Sabbath in Sept. he 
labored under such indisposition, 
that it was with difficulty he could 
arise from his knees after family 
devotion. He was unable to preach 
that day. The next day he was 
unusually animated in christian 
conversation — still intimating that 
he should not recover from that ill- 
ness. After this he was not able to 
walk out. In all his sickness, 
while his reason continued, he was 
resigned and comfortable in his 
prospects. On the 6th of October, 
1830, he was kindly dismissed from 
his Master's service in this world, 
and, as we have reason to think, 
was taken to praise God in the 
sanctuary above, in the 69th year 
of his age. On the 8th day of Oct. 
his funeral was attended by a nu- 
merous assembly of neighbors and 
christian friends. 

When we view the successful 
service of this departed saint, the 
uniform piety which he maintained 
through a long life of trials, and 
his entire submission to the Divine 



will through his last illness, we 
cannot but admire the grace that 
enabled him thus to finish his 
course. Peck and Lawton, pp. 222- 
225. 

FRE Y, Joseph Samuel Christian, 
a Baptist, author of — 1. A Hebrew 
Lexicon. 2. Judah and Israel. 3. 
Joseph and Benjamin. 3. Treatise 
on Baptism. 4. Lectures on the 
Scripture Types. 5. Frey's Nar- 
rative ; and various other learned 
and valuable works so generally 
circulated throughout the United 
States by the venerable and inde- 
fatigable author, yet living, as ren- 
der more special notice scarcely 
necessary. He was a Jew by birth, 
became a christian, united with 
Presbyterians first, and finally be- 
came a Baptist. See any of his 
works for a list of the whole, and 
particularly his Narrative of his 
Life, which is full of interest, as 
are all of his works. 

FLETCHER, Asaph, M.D., was 
born at Westford, Middlesex oo., 
Mass., on the 28th of June, 1746. 
(O. S.) He became the subject of 
serious religious impressions at the 
early age of ten years. He has left 
among his manuscripts a very in- 
teresting account of his religious 
experience, and conversion at tiie 
age of sixteen. I regret that the 
space allowed me will not permit 
me to make any extracts from this 
paper. His parents belonged to the 
Congregational Church, and he was 
sprinkled in his infancy according 
to the doctrine and usage of that 
church. There were no Baptists in 
the town in which he lived, and 
he had no personal acquaintance 
with any persons of that denomi- 
nation ; but by carefully examining 
the New Testament, and by that 
only, in spite of the prejudices of 



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253 



his education and association, he 
became a Baptist in principle. His 
friends strongly opposed his joining 
a Baptist church, and their opposi- 
tion was a great trial and affliction 
to him ; but from a conscientious 
conviction of duty, he was baptized 
by immersion, and united with the 
Baptist Church in Leicester, Mass., 
15th of May, 1768, being then al- 
most twenty-two years of age. 
From that day to the day of his 
death, he continued an active and 
devoted member of some Baptist 
church, being a period of more than 
seventy years. At about the age 
of 22, he established himself as a 
physician in his native town of 
Westford, and pursued this profes- 
sion with signal usefulness and 
success till the infirmities of great 
age made it necessary for him to 
retire from active life; 

If I were not obliged to be very 
brief, I should take pleasure in 
dwelling upon his professional 
character and success. Beside 
many other public offices, which 
he held while he remained in Mas- 
sachusetts, he was a member of 
the Convention which formed the 
Constitution of that common wealth, 
in 1780. In that Convention he 
struggled hard to ingraft into the 
Constitution the principle held by 
Baptists, that no man should be 
compelled by law to pay taxes for 
the support of preaching, but that 
all such contributions should be 
voluntary, and according to the dic- 
tates of conscience. He afterwards 
successfully advocated, through the 
press, and maintained this principle 
of religious liberty, in the state of 
Vermont. Though he failed to 
effect the object for which he con- 
tended in the Convention, yet he 
lived to see the principle which he 



maintained carried out in the con- 
stitution and laws of Massachu- 
setts. On the 3d day of Oct. 1776, 
he was married to Sally Green, 
daughter of Jonathan Green, of 
Chelsea, Mass. In the month of 
February, 1787, he removed to Ca- 
vendish, in the state of Vermont, 
where he continued to reside till 
his death. At the tfrae of his re- 
moval to Vermont, that state was 
not a member of the union, and he 
was a member of the convention 
which applied to Congress for ad- 
mission. He was shortly after a 
member of a convention to revise 
the constitution of that state. He 
was frequently a member of the 
Legislature, for some years one of 
the judges of the County Court, for 
several years a member of the coun- 
cil, and was one of the electors of 
President and Vice-President when 
Mr. Monroe was first elected. He 
was for a time President of the 
Medical Society of his county, and 
delivered lectures before that body. 
He held many other offices, not im- 
portant to mention, but which 
manifested the respect in which 
he was held, and the confidence 
reposed in him. He died peacefully, 
surrounded by a numerous company 
of affectionate and devoted children 
and grandchildren, on the 5th of 
January, 1839, aged 92 years. His 
wife, with whom he had lived most 
happily for sixty years, and who 
still lives in the grateful and affec- 
tionate remembrance of her chil- 
dren and grandchildren, had de- 
ceased a few years before his own 
death. 

My limits will allow me but a 
few brief remarks on his general 
character. He was at all times, in 
public and in private life, an hum- 
ble and devoted christian : he loved 



254 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fi 



the church, he loved his christian 
brethren. He had an uncommonly 
accurate and thorough knowledge 
of the scriptures, and took great 
delight in conversing with chris- 
tian ministers on the great truths 
and principles of revealed religion. 
His advantages for an education in 
early life were very small, and he 
was almost wholly a self-taught 
man. Still he made himself quite 
a respectable English scholar, and 
acquired, without the aid of any 
teacher, a considerable knowledge 
of the Latin and Greek languages. 
He acquired the knowledge of 
Greek for the especial purpose of 
being able to understand, with 
greater accuracy, the New Testa- 
ment, and more particularly upon 
the subject of baptism. He was 
thoughtful and serious, and possess- 
ed habits of patient and persever- 
ing investigation. He had a sound 
and well-balanced mind, and un- 
common calmness and equanimity 
of temper. He cherished an un- 
wavering faith in an overruling 
Providence, which sustained him 
in the midst of trials, and in the 
darkest hour. But I must not omit 
to record his unaflfected modesty 
and simplicity. He was retiring 
and unobtrusive, without a particle 
of vanity or love of display. His 
great and constant purpose was to 
fill up life with duty. He lived 
long, and lived well. 

" And thou shalt go to thy fathers 
in peace ; thou shalt be buried in 
a good old age." Hon. Richard 
Fletcher, in Ben. p. 488, 489. 

FIELD, Richard, D.D., an emi- 
nent English divine, was born in 
Hertford county, 1561 ; died, 1616. 
He was author of — 1. Sermon on 
Jude, V. 3, 1604, 4to. 2. History 
of the Church, in four books, Lond. 



1606, fol. ; Oxford, 1628, fol. 3. 
Of the Church, five books ; with 
an Appendix, containing a Defence 
of such parte and passages of the 
former four books as have either 
been excepted against, or wrested 
to the maintenance of Romish 
errors, Oxford, 1655, fol. His Life 
was published by Nathaniel Field. 
In his work, '• On the Church," p. 
375, (we are not certain which 
edition,) he says : " The baptism of 
infante is therefore named a trculu 
tion, because it is not expressly de- 
livered in scripture, that the Apos- 
tles did baptize infante ; nor any 
express precept there found that 
they should do so." Bib. Brit 

FISHER, John, an English Je- 
suit of the 17th century, whose true 
name was Percy, born in Yorkshire, 
1594; died allter 1625, time un- 
known. He wrote against Protest- 
ants, and is quoted by the author 
of " Popery Confuted by Papiste," 
p. 127 : From which of his works 
does not appear, as saying, " that 
in the scripture there is no express 
practice nor precept of worshipping 
the image of Christ. Yet there be 
principles which, the light of na- 
ture supposed, convince adoration 
to be lawful." This passage is 
quoted here, simply because it ren- 
ders the occasion opportune to ob- 
serve, that this argument of the 
Jesuit, to vindicate the idolatry of 
Christ's image, in violation of the 
commandment prohibiting idolatry, 
is the same argument most success- 
fully employed by some Protestante 
to prove infant baptism. They ap- 
peal, as he does, from the authority 
of scripture, to analogy — the prin- 
ciples of the light of nature— pa- 
rental tenderness— and thus substi- 
tute for Christianity rank Deism; 
for it deserves no better name-— 



Pi 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Pi 



255 



rather, it is Paganism, which sub- 1 
stitutes human institutions for. 
divine rites. 

FISHER, Samuel, an English 
Baptist, author of the only folio 
against infant baptism emanating 
from English Baptists, entitled, 
" Bahy Baptism Mere Babyism.^^ 
Some further particulars concerning 
him may be gathered from Crosby, 
vol. i. p. 359. 

FRISTOE, William. See Tay- 
lor's Lives of Virginia Baptist 
Ministers, p. 66, 

FRISTOE, Daniel, was born at 
Chappawomsick, Stafford county, 
Virginia, December 7, 1739. He 
was bred an Episcopalian, but em- 
braced the Baptist sentiments soon 
after they began to prevail in Vir- 
ginia, and was baptized by his 
spiritual father, David Thomas. 
When young, he received a liberal 
English education, and though fond 
of fashionable amusements, was not 
addicted to the grosser vices of the 
times. 

His conversion was brought about 
on this wise. When about twenty- 
three years of age, his curiosity led 
him to go to a considerable distance 
to hear a Baptist preacher, whose 
name is not known. While at the 
meeting, his horse strayed away, 
which obliged him to tarry all 
night at the place. In the course 
of the evening, many came in, who 
had lately been converted, and 
who, by entering freely into reli- 
gious conversation, brought strange 
things to his ears, and awakened 
his attention to eternal things. He 
returned home with much serious- 
ness and solicitude, and after labor- 
ing awhile under great distress of 
mind, was brought into the liberty 
of the gospel. He now began ex- 
horting, but was soon called by his 



brethren to the ministry. His 
course was short but rapid, and the 
success which attended his labors 
appears to have been unusually 
great. About the year 1774, he 
was sent as a messenger from the 
Ketockton to the Philadelphia As- 
sociation. Here he caught the 
small-pox, and, after a short tour 
of preaehing in New Jersey, return- 
ed to Philadelphia, and began his 
journey homeward, but was laid by 
at Marcus Hook, a small town, a 
few miles below the city, where he 
died in the thirty-fifth year of his 
age. His remains were carried 
back to Philadelphia, and buried 
in the Baptist ground. 

The following extract from Mr. 
Fristoe's journal, which has been 
preserved by Mr. Edwards, contains 
the most interesting account of his 
ministry which I have been able 
to obtain ; for his biography has 
been almost neglected. 

'' Saturday, June 15, 1771. This 
day I began to act as an ordained 
minister, and never before saw such 
manifest appearances of God's 
working and the devil's raging at 
one time and in one place. My 
first business was to examine can- 
didates for baptism, who related 
what God did for their souls in 
such a manner as to affect many 
present: then the opposers grew 
very troublesome, particularly one 
James Nayler, who, after raging 
and railing for a while, fell down 
and began to tumble and beat the 
ground with both ends, like a fish 
when it drops off* the hook on dry 
land, cursing and blaspheming God 
all the while. At last a gentleman 
offered ten shillings to any that 
would bind him and take him out 
of the place ; which was soon earned 
by some stout fellows who stood 



256 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fi 



by. Sixteen persons were adj udged 
fit subjects for baptism. The next 
day being Sunday, about two thou- 
sand people came together : many 
more offered for baptism, thirteen 
of whom were judged worthy. As 
we stood by the water, the people 
were weeping and crying in a most 
extraordinary manner; and others 
cursing and swearing, and acting 
like men possessed. In the midst 
of this, a tree tumbled down, being 
overloaded with people, who, Zac- 
cheus-like, had climed up to see 
baptism administered. The coming 
down of that tree occasioned the 
adjacent trees to fall also, being 
loaded in the same manner ; but 
none was hurt. When the ordi- 
nance was administered, and I had 
laid hands on the parties baptized, 
we sang those charming words of 
Dr. Watts, * Come we who love the 
Lord,' &c. The multitude sang 
and wept and smiled in tears, hold- 
ing up their hands and countenances 
towards heaven, in such a manner 
as I had not seen before. In going 
home, I turned to look at the peo- 
ple, who remained by the water 
side, and saw some screaming on 
the ground, some wringing their 
hands, some in ecstacies of joy, 
so]ne praying, others cursing and 
swearing, and exceedingly outrage- 
ous. We have seen strange things 
tO'dayJ^ Baptist Library. 

FINLEY, Samuel, D.D. He was 
president of Princeton College, New 
Jersey, and author of — 1. Sermon 
on Rom. xiv. 7, 8, 1761, 8vo. 2. 
He edited, " Sermons on Important 
Subjects," by Samuel Davies, M. A., 
President of the College in New 
Jersey, America. In the order of 
time we should have noticed two 
other of his works j^Vs^ — 1. A Cha- 
ritable Plea for the Speechless,; 



against Abel Morgan's Anti-pedo- 
rantism, 1747. 2. Vindication of 
the Same, 1748. Mr. Finley was 
not the first, nor was he the last, of 
the presidents and professors of 
Princeton (N. J.) College who have, 
since 1742, written against Bap- 
tists, successively down to the yet 
living, recently pensioned, and sa- 
perannuated ex-professor of Ecole- 
siastical History, whose work has 
been stereotyped by the Presby- 
terian Tract Society. We have 
seen, in the library of Rev. J. J. 
Woolsey, of Norwalk, Connecticut, 
in curious juxtaposition to Greneral 
Israel Putnam's camp chest and 
other rare curiosities and reliques 
of antiquity, a copy of this same 
book of Abel Morgan's, which 
caused Dr. Finley so much trouble, 
with the imprint of Benjamin 
Franklin, printer, Philadelphia^ on 
the title-page. It was appropriate 
that a grandson of Peter Folger, 
who was a Baptist, should have 
printed with his own hands the 
first book written in America in 
defence of the Baptists, on Baptism. 
See Articles, Morgan, Abel, Folqeb, 
Peter, and works there noted. 

FRITH, OR FRYTH, John. We 
have before us, in a volume, label- 
ed, " British Reformers — Tindal, 
Frith, Barnes," bound into the 
volume of 356 pages, in addition 
124 12mib. pages, 76 of which are 
devoted to Frith, with the follow- 
ing title-page : " Writings of John 
Frith, Martyr, 1533; and of Dr. 
Robert Barnes, Martyr, 1541. Lon- 
don : Printed for the Religious 
Tract Society, and sold at the De-, 
pository, 56 Paternoster-row ; also 
by J. Nisbet, 21 Berners-street, and 
by other Booksellers." We may as 
well add the " Contents : — 1. Life 
of John Frith, p. 1. 2. A Letter, 



Fi 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Fi 



257 



containing the articles for which 
he died, p. 10. 3. Letters concern- 
ing Frith, p. 15. 4. A Mirror to 
Know Thyself, p. 17. 5. Extracts 
from the Book of Purgatory, p. 30. 

6. Note " On the Supplication of 
Beggars," hy Simon Fish, p. 59. 

7. A Letter to the Faithful in the 
Tower of London, p. 61. 8. A De- 
fence of some of the Reformers from 
the aspersions cast upon them hy 
Sir Thos. More, in his book against 
Frith, from Frith's Treatise on the 
Sacrament, p. 67." For the com- 
pletion of the list of his works, see 
the close of his Life as above, which 
will be copied below ; also Biblio- 
theca Britannica, and Wood's 
Athens Oxoniensis ; to which we 
will add, that, by a note in the 
handwriting of Rev. J. J. Woolsey, 
ia the table of contents, he inserts, 
" John Frith's Preparation to the 
Cross," and quotes Remarks re- 
specting John Frith in an old small 
4to., commenting on the Gospels 
aud Acts of the Apostles, and note 
on Matt. xvii. 27, in his possession, 
as his authority. Dr. Wall says, 
Hist. Inf Baptism, vol. 2, p. 300 : 
" John Frith, writing, in the year 
1533, a Treatise of Baptism, calls 
the outward part of it * the plunging 
dawn in the water and lifting up 
again^ which he often mentions 
without ever mentioning pouring 
or sprinkling." Frith's works were 
reprinted by Fox, the list of which 
will be added to his life. Anthony 
Wood must have regarded and 
known Frith as an heretical Ana- 
baptist, under the reign of Henry 
the Eighth, else he could not have 
written so bitterly against him, as 
his acerbity, dealt out liberally to 
all who diflfered from him, in poli- 
tics, especially in religion, was most 
mingled with gall and wormwood 



towards real or suspected Anabap- 
tists. Apprehensive that it may 
be said of us, as it has been con- 
cerning Peter Bayle, that you will 
find what he says in the article 
where you should least expect to 
find it, we refer to our history other 
matters touching this early English 
Baptist of Oxford, and copy his life 
as follows : • 

" John Frith was the son of an 
innkeeper at Seven-oaks, in Kent, 
where he was born about the year 
1503. From his childhood he was 
remarkable for his abilities and his 
inclination for learning, in which 
he made very considerable progress. 
He studied at Cambridge, where 
he was of King's College, and was 
one of the persons selected by Car- 
dinal Woolsey, on account of their 
learning, to be members of his new 
college at Oxford, which he found- 
ed, in 1527, upon a very magnifi- 
cent scale, and enlarged by sup- 
pressing several monasteries and 
other ecclesiastical institutions. 
While in London, about 1525, Frith 
had become acquainted with Tin- 
dal, through whose instructions he 
first received into his heart the seed 
of the gospel and pure godliness. 
Frith and several of his companions 
at Oxford soon evinced an attach- 
ment for the doctrines of the truth, 
which excited the enmity of the 
Romanists, who imprisoned them 
in a deep cellar belonging to the 
college, where the salt fish was 
kept. The damp and noisome 
stench of this place affected them 
so that several of their number died. 

" After some time Frith was re- 
leased. In 1528 he went beyond 
sea, where he remained two years, 
during which interval he made 
considerable progress in the know- 
ledge of the truth, and wrote his 



258 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fi 



1 



book against purgatory. He then 
returned : he went to Reading, 
having, it is supposed, some expec- 
tations from the abbot of that place. 
These, however, appear to have 
been disappointed : he was taken 
up and set in the stocks as a vag- 
rant. After being confined some 
time, when ready to perish with 
hunger, he asked to see the school- 
master of the town, who, discover- 
ing his abilities and learning, pro- 
cured his release, and gave him 
assistance. 

"Frith then went to London, 
where he endeavored to remain 
concealed, but he soon became ' a 
marked man,' and was earnestly 
sought for by Sir Thomas More, 
who ofiered large rewards for his 
apprehension. In his book against 
purgatory. Frith had written, in 
answer to Sir Thos. More's reply 
to the Supplication of the Beggars, 
(see page 30,) showing that the 
doctrine of purgatory was opposed 
to the truths of scripture respecting 
the pardon of sin and salvation by 
Christ alone. Frith was appre- 
hended at Milton, in Essex, endea- 
voring to escape to the continent, 
and sent to the Tower. There he 
gained the lavor of his keeper, so 
that he was allowed sometimes to 
visit the followers of the truth in 
the city. Strype relates, that 
"When John Frith was in the 
Tower, he came to Petit's key in 
the night, notwithstanding the 
strait watch and ward by com- 
mandment. At whose first coming, 
Mr. Petit was in doubt whether it 
was Mr. Frith or a vision ; no less 
doubting than the apostles, when 
Rhoda, the maid, brought tidings 
that Peter was out of prison. But 
Mr. Frith showed him that it was 
God that wrought him that liberty 



in the heart of his keeper, Phillips, | 
who, upon the condition of his own 
word and promise, let him go at 
liberty in the night to consult with 
godly men." Petit was a wealthy 
merchant of London, who was 
member of parliament for the city 
many years ; but being suspected 
by Sir Thomas More of favoring 
those of the new religion, and as- 
sisting to print their books, he was 
imprisoned and laid in a dungeon 
upon a pad of straw, where he con- 
tracted a disease of which he soon 
afl:erwards died. 

** While in confinement, Frith 
was induced by a friend to commit 
to writing his opinions upon the 
sacrament of the Lord's Supper. 
These, we are told, were four : — 1. 
That the matter of the sacrament 
is no article of faith necessary to 
be believed under pain of damna- 
tion. 2. That forasmuch as Christ's 
natural body hath all properties of 
our body, sin only excepted, it can- 
not be, neither is it agreeable unto 
reason, that he should be in two 
places or more at once, contrary to 
the nature of our body. 3. More- 
over, it is not right or necessary 
that we should, in this place, un- 
derstand Christ's words according 
to the literal sense, but rather ac- 
cording to the order and phrase of 
speech, comparing phrase with 
phrase, according to the analogy 
of the scripture. 4. The sacrament 
ought to be received according to 
the true and right institution of 
Christ, albeit the order which at 
this time has crept into the church, 
and is used now-a-days by the 
priests, ever so much differs from it. 

^' At that period there was in 
London Qi tailor named Wm. Holt, 
who pretended to be very friendly 
towards the followers of the truth. 



Fi 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



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259 



Having obtained a copy of this 
writing of Frith's, he carried it to 
Sir Thomas More, and it was the 
cause of Frith's death. More, at 
that time, was very active in de- 
fence of the Romish doctrines : he 
not only imprisoned Frith, but 
printed a refutation of his argu- 
ments. His book, however, was 
kept from Frith and his friends 
with much care for some time: 
with considerable difficulty he ob- 
tained a written copy, and saw the 
printed work during an examina- 
tion before the Bishop of Winches- 
ten. Frith then replied to More's 
answer in an able treatise, written 
under all the disadvantages of strict 
confinement. 

" Frith had now attracted con- 
siderable notice, as the first who 
publicly advocated the doctrines of 
Zuingle, in England. One of the 
king's chaplains alluded to him in 
a sermon, at the instigation of the 
Bishop of Winchester; in conse- 
qaence of which his imprisonment 
in the Tower was terminated by 
an order to the bishops to examine 
him. The subsequent account is 
best given in the words of Fox. 

" * That there should be no con- 
course of citizens at the said ex- 
amination, my Lord of Canterbury 
removed to Croydon, unto whom 
resorted the rest of the commission- 
ers. Now, before the day appoint- 
ed, my Lord of Canterbury sent one 
of his gentlemen, and one of his 
porters, whose name was Perlebean 
a Welshman born, to fetch John 
Frith from the Tower unto Croy- 
don. This gentleman had both my 
Lord's letters and the king's ring 
unto my Lord Fitzwilliams, con- 
stable of the Tower, then lying in 
Canon-row, at Westminster, in ex- 
treme anguish and pain from a 



disorder, for the delivery of the 
prisoner. Master Fitzwilliams, 
more passionate than patient, un- 
derstanding for what purpose my 
Lord's gentleman was come, banned 
and cursed Frith and other here- 
tics, saying, Take this my ring unto 
the lieutenant of the Tower, and 
receive your man, your heretic, 
with you, and £ am glad that I am 
rid of him. 

" ' When Frith was delivered 
unto my Lord of Canterbury's gen- 
tleman, they twain, with Perlebean, 
sitting in a wherry and rowing 
towards Lambeth, the said gentle- 
man, much lamenting in his mind 
the infelicity of the said Frith, 
began to exhort him, to consider in 
what state he was, a man altoge- 
ther cast away in this world, if he 
did not look wisely to himself 
And yet, though his cause was ever 
so dangerous, he might, by some- 
what relenting to authority, and so 
giving place for a time, help both 
himself out of trouble, and when 
opportunity and occasion should 
serve, prefer his cause, which he 
then went about to defend, declar- 
ing further that he had many well- 
willers and friends, who would 
stand on his side, so far as they 
were able, and durst do ; adding 
hereunto, that it were great pity 
that he, being of such singular 
knowledge both in the Latin and 
Greek, both ready and ripe in all 
kind of learning, and as well in the 
scriptures as in the ancient doctors, 
should now suddenly sufier all those 
singular gifts to perish with him, 
with little commodity or profit to 
the world, and less comfort to his 
wife and children, and others his 
kinsfolks and friends. And as for 
the verity of your opinion in the 
sacrament of the body and blood of 



260 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fi 



our Saviour Christ, added he, it is 
so untimely opened here amongst 
us in England, that you shall fa- 
ther do harm than good ; wherefore 
be wise, and be ruled by good coun- 
sel until a better opportunity may 
serve. This 1 am sure of, that my 
Lord Cromwell and my Lord of 
Canterbury, much favoring you, 
and knowing you to be an eloquent, 
learned young man, and now to- 
wards the felicity of your life, young 
in years, old in knowledge, and of 
great forwardness, and likely to be 
a most profitable member for this 
realm, will never permit you to 
sustain any open shame, if you 
will somewhat be advised by their 
counsel. On the other side, if you 
stand stiffly to your opinion, it is 
not possible to save your life ; for 
like as you have good friends, so 
have you mortal foes and enemies. 
" * I most heartily thank you, said 
Master Frith unto the gentleman, 
both for your- good will and for 
your counsel, by which I well per- 
ceive that you intend well unto 
me : howbeit, my cause and con- 
science is such, that in no wise I 
may not, and can not for any world- 
ly respect, without danger of dam- 
nation, start aside, and fly from 
the true knowledge and doctrine 
which I have conceived of the sup- 
per of the Lord or the communion, 
otherwise called the sacrament of 
the altar ; for if it be my chance to 
be demanded, what I think in that 
behalf, I must needs say my know- 
ledge and my conscience, as partly 
I have written therein already, 
though I should presently lose 
twenty lives, if I had so many. 
And this you shall well understand, 
that I am not so unfurnished, either 
of scripture or ancient doctors, 
schoolmen, or others for my de- 



j fence ; so that if I may be indiffer- 
ently heard, I am sure that mine 
adversaries cannot justly condemn 
me or mine assertion, but that they 
shall condemn with me St. Augus- 
tine and the most part of the old 
writers ; yea, the very bishops of 
Rome of the oldest sort shall also 
say for me and defend my cause. 
Yea, marry, quoth the gentleman, 
you say well, if you might be in- 
differently heard. But I much 
doubt thereof, for our Master Christ 
was not indifferently heard, nor 
should be, as I think, if he were 
now present again in the world, 
especially in this your opinion, the 
same being so odious unto the 
world, and we so far off from the 
true knowledge thereof 

"*Well, well, said Frith then 
unto the gentleman, I know very 
well that this doctrine of the sacra- 
ment of the altar which I hold, and 
have opened, contrary to the opinion 
of this realm, is very hard meat to 
be digested, both of the clergy and 
laity thereof. But this I will say 
to you, (taking the gentleman by 
the hand,) that if you live but 
twenty years more, whatsoever be- 
come of me, you shall see this 
whole realm of mine opinion con- 
cerning this sacrament of the altar; 
namely, the whole estate of the 
same, though some men particular- 
ly shall not be fully persuaded 
therein. And if it come not so to 
pass, then account me the vainest 
man that ever you heard speak 
with tongue. Besides this, you say 
that my death would be sorrowful 
and uncomfortable unto my friends. 
I grant that for a small time it 
would be so ; but if I should so 
mollify, qualify, and temper my 
cause in such sort as to deserve 
only to be kept in prison, that 



Fi 



OYCLOPiKDlA. 



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261 



would not only be a mueh longer 
grief unto me, but also to my friends 
would breed no small disquietness, 
both of body and of mind. And, 
therefore, all things well and rightly 
pondered, my death in this cause 
shall be better unto me and all 
mine than life in continual bon- 
dage and penuries. And Almighty 
God knoweth what he hath to do 
with his poor servant, whose cause 
I now defend, and not my own ; 
from the which I assuredly do in- 
tend, God willing, never to start or 
otherwise to give place, so long as 
God will give me life. 

" * This communication, or the 
like in effect, my Lord of Canter- 
bury's gentleman and Frith had, 
coming in a wherry upon the 
Thames from the Tower to Lam- 
beth. 

" ' Now, when they were landed, 
after repast being taken at Lam- 
beth, the gentleman, the porter, 
and Frith went forward towards 
Croydon on foot. This gentleman, 
still lamenting with himself the 
hard and cruel destiny of Frith, if 
he once came amongst the bishops, 
and now also perceiving the ex- 
ceeding constancy of Frith, devised 
.with himself some way or means 
to convey him quite out of their 
hands, and thereupon considering 
that there were no more persons 
there to convey the prisoner but 
the porter and himself, he took in 
hand to win theportertohis purpose. 
Quoth the gentleman unto Perle- 
bean the porter, (they twain pri- 
vately walking by themselves with- 
out the hearing of Frith,) You have 
heard this man, I am sure, and 
noted his talk since he came from 
the Tower? — ^Yea, that I have right 
well marked him, quoth the porter, 
and I never heard so constant a 



man nor so eloquent a person. — 
You have heard nothing, quoth the 
gentleman, in respect both of his 
knowledge and eloquence: if he 
might either in university or pul- 
pit freely declare his learning, you 
would then much more marvel at 
his knowledge. I take him to be 
such a one of his age in all kind of 
learning. and knowledge of tongues 
as this realm never yet brought 
forth ; and yet those singular srifts 
in him are no more considered of 
our bishops than if he were a very 
dolt or an idiot ; yea, they abhor 
him as a devil therefore, and covet 
utterly to extinguish him as a 
member of the devil, without any 
consideration of God's special gifts. 
— Marry, quoth the porter, if there 
were nothing else in him but the 
consideration of his personage, both 
comely and amiable, and of natural 
disposition, gentle, meek,^and hum- 
ble, it were pity that he should be 
cast away. 

" ' The gentleman then proposed 
that they should suffer Frith to 
escape, saying. You see yonder hill 
before us named Bristow (Brixton) 
causeway : there are great woods 
on both sides. When we come 
there we will permit Frith to go 
into the woods on the left hand of 
the way, whereby he may convey 
himself into Kent among his friends, 
for he is a Kentish man ; and when 
he is gone, we will linger an hour 
or two about the highway, until it 
draw towards night. Then in great 
haste we will approach Streatham, 
and make an outcry in the town 
that our prisoner is broken from us 
on the right hand towards Wands- 
worth, so that we will draw as 
many as we can of the town to 
search the country that way for our 
prisoner, declaring that we followed 



him above a mile or more, and at 
length lost him in the woods. So 
when my Lord of Canterbury's 
gentleman came nigh to the hill, 
he joined himself in company with 
the said Frith, and, calling him by 
his name, said, Now, Master Frith, 
let us twain commune together 
another while. You must consider 
that the journey which I have now 
taken in hand thus in bringing you 
to Croydon, as a sheep to the 
slaughter, it grieveth me, and, as 
it were, overwhelmeth me in cares 
and sorrows, that I little mind what 
danger I fall in, so that I could 
find the means to deliver you out 
of the lion's mouth. And yet yon- 
der good fellow and I have devised 
a means, whereby you may both 
easily escape from this great and 
eminent danger at hand, and we 
also be rid from any vehement sus« 
picion. 

" ' When Frith had heard all the 
matter concerning his delivery, he 
said to the gentleman, with a smil- 
ing countenance. Is this the efifect 
of your secret consultation, thus 
long between you twain ? Surely, 
surely, you have lost a great deal 
more labor in times past, and so are 
you like to do this, for if you should 
both leave me here, and go to 
Croydon declaring to the bishops 
that you had lost Frith, I would 
surely follow after as fast as I 
might, and bring them news that 
I had found and brought Frith 
again. Do you think that I am 
afraid to declare my opinion unto 
the bishops of England in a mani- 
fest truth ? 

'' ' You are a foolish man, quoth 
the gentleman, thus to talk; as 
though your reasoning with them 
might do some good. But I do 
much marvel that you were so 



willing to fly the realm before you 
were taken, and now so unwilling 
to save yourself. — ^There was and 
is a great diversity of escaping be- 
tween the one and the other, quoth 
Frith. Before, I was indeed de- 
sirous to escape, because I was not 
attached, but at liberty ; which 
liberty I would fain have enjoyed 
for the maintenance of my study 
beyond the sea, where I was reader 
in the Greek tongue, according to 
St Paul's counsel. Howbeit, now 
being taken by the higher power, 
and, as it were, by Almighty God's 
permission and providence, deliver- 
ed into the hands of the bishops 
only for religion and doctrine's sake, 
such as in conscience and under 
pain of damnation I am bound to 
maintain and defend, if I should 
now start aside and run away, I 
should run from my God and from 
the testimony of his holy word, 
worthy then of a thousand hells. 
And therefore I most heartily thank 
you both for your good wills to- 
wards me, beseeching you to bring 
me where I was appointed to be 
brought, for else I will go thither 
all alone. — ^And so with a cheerful 
and merry countenance he went 
with them, spending the time with 
pleasant and godly communica^ 
tions, until they came to Croydon, 
where for that night he was well 
entertained in the porter's lodge. 
On the morrow he was called be- 
fore certain bishops and other learn- 
ed men sitting in commission with 
my Lord of Canterbury, to be ex- 
amined, where he showed himself 
passing ready and ripe in answer- 
ing to all objections, as some then ij 
reported, incredibly and contrary | 
to all men's expectations. And his I 
allegations both out of Augustine I 
and other ancient fathers of the 



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CYCLOP^DU. 



Fi 



263 



church, were such that some of 
them much douhted of Augustine's 
authority in that behalf; insomuch 
that it was reported by them who 
were nigh and about the Archbishop 
of Canterbury, (who then was not 
fully resolved of the sincere truth 
of that article,) that when they 
had finished their examination of 
Frith, the Archbishop,* conferring 
with Dr. Heath privately between 
themselves, said, This man hath 
wonderfully labored in this matter, 
and yet in mine opinion he taketh 
the doctors amiss. — Well, my lord, 
said Dr. Heath, there was no man 
who could do away his authorities 
from St. Augustine. Then he began 
to repeat them again, inferring and 
applying them so strongly that my 
Lord said, I see that you, with a 
Uttle more study, will easily be 
brought to Frith's opinion ; and 
some there present openly reported 
that Dr. Heath was as able to de- 
fend Frith's assertions of the sacra- 
ment as Frith was himself 

'* * This learned young man being 
thus thoroughly sifted at Croydon, 
to understand what he could say 
and do in his cause, there was no 
man willing to prefer him to answer 
in open disputation as poor Lam- 
bert was. But without regard of 
learning or good knowledge, he 
wafl sent and detained unto the 
butcher's stall; 4 mean Bishop 
Stokesly's consistory, there to hear, 
not the opinion of Augustine and 
other ancient fathers of Christ's 
primitive church, of the said sacra- 
ment, but either to be instructed 
and to hear the maimed and half- 
cut-away sQicrament of anti-christ 
the bishop of Rome, with the gross 
and fleshly imagination thereof, or 
else to perish in the fire, i\s he most 
certainly did, after he had before 



the bishops of London, Winchester, 
and Chichester, in the consistory in 
St. Paul's Church, most plainly 
and sincerely confessed his doctrine 
and faith in this weighty matter. 
He left an account of his examina- 
tions. 

" * Sentence being passed and read 
against him, the Bishop of London 
(Stokesly) directed his letter to the 
mayor and sheriffs of the city of 
London, for receiving of John Frith 
into their charge ; who was deliver- 
ed over unto them. While in New- 
gate Frith Wiis put into the dun- 
geon under the gate, and laden 
with bolts and irons as many as he 
could bear, and his neck with a 
collar of iron made fast to a post, 
so that he could neither stand up- 
right nor stoop down ; yet w«is he 
there continually occupied in writ- 
ing, namely with a candle, both 
day and night, for there came no 
other light into that place. In this 
sad case he remained several days. 
On the fourth day of July, in the 
year 1533, he was by them carried 
to Smithfield to be burned ; and 
when he was tied unto the stake, 
there sufficiently appeared with 
what constancy and courage he 
suffered death. For when the la ggots 
and fire were put unto him, he wil- 
lingly embraced the same ; thereby 
declaring with what uprightness 
of mind he suffered his death for 
Christ's sake and the true doctrine, 
whereof that day he gave with his 
blood a perfect and firm testimony. 

" * A young man, apprenticed to 
a tailor in Watling-street, named 
Andrew Hewit, was burned at the 
same stake with Frith, for holding 
the same opinions. When before 
the bishops, Hewit was asked how 
he believed concerning the sacra- 
ment. He replied. Even as John 



264 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Pi 



I Frith does. Bishop Stokesly said, 
Why Frith is a heretic, and already 
condemned to be burned ; and ex- 
cept thou revoke thy opinion, thou 
shalt be burned also with him. His 
reply simply was. Truly I am con- 
tent withal ; upon which he was 
condemned and burned with Frith I 

" * When they were at the stake, 
Dr. Cook, a priest in London, openly 
admonished the people, that they 
should in no wise pray for them — 
no more than they would do for a 
dog. At which words Frith, smil- 
ing, desired the Lord to forgive 
them. These words did not a little 
move the people unto anger, and 
not without good cause. The wind 
made his death somewhat the 
longer, which bore away the flame 
from him unto his fellow that was 
burning with him; but he had 
established his mind with such 
patience, God giving him strength, 
that, even as though he had felt 
no pain in that long torment, he 
seemed rather to rejoice for his fel- 
low, than to be careful for himself 
This, truly, is the power and 
strength of Christ, striving and 
vanquishing in his saints ; who 
sanctify us together with them, 
and direct us in all things to the 
glory of His most holy name. 
Amen.' 

" Among the Cotton MSS. in the 
British Museum (Galba B. X.) are 
two letters, one from Cromwell to 
Vaughan, the royal agent in the 
Low Countries, the other from 
Vaughan to the king, in which 
mention is made of Frith, and 
which show that he was accounted 
of considerable importance. Vau- 
ghan writes : * As concerning a 
young man being in these parts, 
named Frith, of whom I lately ad- 
vertised your majesty, and whom 



your royal majesty giveth me in 
commandment with friendly per- 
suasions, admonitions, and whole- 
some counsels to advertise to leave 
his wilful opinions and errors, and 
to return into his native country, I 
shall not fail, according unto your 
most gracious commandment, to 
endeavor to the utmost of my power 
to persuade him accordingly, so 
soon as my chance shall be to meet 
with him. Howbeit, I am informed 
that he is very lately married in 
Holland, but in what place I can- 
not tell. This marriage may by 
chance hinder my persuasions. I 
suppose him to have been thereunto 
driven through poverty, which is 
to be pitied, and his qualities con- 
sidered.' 

" Cromwell writes thus to Vaug- 
han: 'As touching Frith, men- 
tioned in your said letter, the king's 
highness, hearing well of his to- 
ward ness in good love and learn- 
ing, doth much lament that he 
should in such wise as he doth, set 
forth, show, and apply his learning 
and doctrine in the semination and 
sowing forth evil seed of damnable 
and detestable heresies, maintain- 
ing, bolstering, and administering 
the venomous and pestiferous works, 
erroneous and seditious opinions, of 
the said Tindal and others, wherein 
his highness, like a most virtuous 
and benign pritice and guardian, 
having charge of his people and 
subjects, being very sorry to hear 
tell that any of the same should in 
such wise run headlong and digress 
from the laws of Almighty God, 
and wholesome doctrines of holy 
fathers, unto such damnable here- 
sies and seditious opinions, is in- 
clined willingly and greatly de- 
sirous to provide for the same.' 

'^ The letter then proceeds to state 



Fo 



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266 



the king's readiness to provide for 
Frith, if he could be brought to 
forsake the doctrines of Tindal, and, 
leaving his ^ wilful opinions, like a 
good christian would return to his 
native country, where he should 
find the king most favorable. Crom- 
well further exhorts Vaughan to 
use his best endeavors to win the 
refugees from their opinions, add- 
ing, *in which doing ye'^hall not 
only highly merit in Almighty God, 
but also deserve highly thanks of 
the king's royal majesty, who will 
not forget your devoirs and labors 
in that behalf, so that his majesty 
may find that you effectually do 
intend the same.' 

" Frith's works, as reprinted by 
Fox, consist of — his Book of Pur- 
gatory; An AnsweJr to Rastal's 
Dialogue ; An Answer to Sir Thos. 
Moore; Answer to Fisher, bishop 
of Rochester ; A Bulwark against 
Rastal ; Judgment upon M. Tracy's 
Will and Testament; A Letter 
written from the Tower to Christ's 
Congregation; A Mirror or Glass 
to Know Thyself; A Treatise upon 
the Sacrament of Baptism ; Anti- 
thesis between Christ and the Pope ; 
A Book of the Sacrament of the 
Body and Blood of Christ ; Articles 
for which he died. He also translated 
some writings of foreign reformers." 

FOWNES, George, M.A., an 
English Baptist minister, ejected 
by the Act of Uniformity from 
High , Wickham, in the county 
of Bucks. " He was," says Dr. 
Calamy, " bom in Shropshire, bred 
up in school-learning at Shrews- 
bury; and his father dying, his 
mother sent him to Cambridge, 
where he was reckoned a consider- 
able scholar, and one of great wit. 
He was the public minister of this 
town, but quitted the parish church 



voluntarily, before the king's resto- 
ration in 1660. However, he con- 
tinued preaching, though he was 
for a while unfixed. Sir Henry 
Wroth bore very hard upon him. 
He afterwards assisted Mr. Anthony 
Palmer in Tinners-Hall, and 
preached a lecture in Lothbury. 
In 1679 he became pastor to a so- 
ciety of Antipaedobaptists in Bris- 
tol, in which he succeeded Mr. 
Thomas Hardcastle. About the 
time of that, which was commonly 
called The Presbyterian Plotj Sir 
Robert Yeemans took him in the 
pulpit, and committed him to New- 
gate. By virtue of a flaw in his 
mittimus, he was in six weeks' 
time removed by an habeas corpus 
to the King's Bench, and acquitted, 
to the no small vexation of Mr. 
Town-clerk Ramsey. Meetings 
being at that time held in the fields, 
he was taken on the highway in 
Kingswood, upon suspicion of com- 
ing from a meeting, though they 
could not prove it. He was then 
committed to Gloucester jail for 
refusing the corporation oath, and 
riding within five miles of a corpo- 
ration. This was a great hardship 
upon him, because the act had no 
power or force in his case, upon the 
account of his resigning his living 
before King Charles II. came in. 
When they brought him to Glou- 
cester Castle, they declared pub- 
licly, he should not come out alive. 
His mittimus was for six months, 
in which time they endeavored to 
suborn witnesses to swear a riot 
against him, though no other rioter 
was named in the bill that was 
drawn up, and brought in against 
him. Upon his trial, when the 
witness came to swear, he looked 
back on the justices of the sessions, 
and said. Lord ! Gentlemen, what 



266 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fo 



would you have me do ? I cannot j his death, and that it was no less 
swear any thing against this person. jmMr^fcr than if they had run him 
He pleaded his own cause very through the first day he came in, 
pleasantly, and told them, that if j though it had been less cruel P^ 
George and his horse could not be Crosby, vol. 3, p. 28-31. 



guilty of a riot, without John, 
Thomas, or William^ or any other 
company, then he could not be 
judged guilty. Hereupon the jury 
went outj and returning quickly 
again, the foreman gave in the 
verdict, not guilty. The then 
Bishop's chancellor, being one of 
the justices of the bench, said, with 
an accent, Wliat! not guilty? The 
foreman replied, a second time. No, 
not guilty ; for can George and his 
horse be guilty of a riot without 
any other company ? I say not. — 
However, he was remanded back 
to prison. When six months were 
expired, he demanded his liberty of 
the jailor, who told him he had 
orders not to let him go, what 
damage soever himself suffered ; for 
they would bear him harmless. A 
bond was insisted on for good be- 
havior, and that with sureties ; and 
preaching, he knew, would be in- 
terpreted a forfeiture of this bond ; 
upon which account he refused to 
come under such bonds, and so 
continued in prison. At the assizes 
he made his appeal to the Judge. 
Justice Player and Justice Newton 
before next morning told the Judge 
that if he let that man go, he would 
draw all the country after him. 
And so he was kept in Gloucester 
prison for two years and a half, till 
God was pleased to release him by 
death, in December, 1685. This 
confinement of his (says the Dr.) 
was the more grievous, because of 
his being sadly afflicted with the 
stone. Dr. Peachy, the physician, 
declared to him, before his wife, 
that their confinement of him was 



FROUDE, Thomas, an English 
Baptist minister, who was ejected 
by the Uniformity Act from his 
living of Cheryton, in Glamorgan- 
shire, South Wales. Crosby says, 
" I can find nothing of him ; only 
Dr. Calamy, when he mentions him, 
adds, an Anabaptist. The Doctor's 
partiality towards the Baptists ap- 
pears in almost every instance ; for, 
when speaking of Mr. Joshua Head, 
he adds, an Anabaptist, but a tvorthy 
man; as if it weire a rarity to find 
a worthy man among those he is 
pleased to style Anabaptists. So, 
when speaking of Mr. Thos. Hard- 
castle, he tells us, he was pastor to 
a society of sober Anabaptists at 
Bristol, — an invidious term, not 
becoming the pen of a scholar, a 
christian, or a gentleman." Crosby, 
vol. 3, p. 31, 32. 

FORTY, Henry, an English 
Baptist minister, who was one of 
the subscribers to the Baptist Con- 
fession of Faith adopted in London 
in 1651, and was pastorofthechurch 
at Abingdon : a man of great piety, 
and one who long and faithfully 
served Jesus Christ, under many 
afiiictions, great trials and sufier- 
ings. He was an instrument in 
God's hand for the conversion of 
his own father and mother, and 
many others. He lay twelve years 
in prison at Exeter, for the testi- 
mony of a good conscience, lived 
an unspotted life, and died in 67th 
year of his age, anno 1692. His 
funeral was preached by Mr. Benj. 
Reach, and printed with an elegy 
annexed. When Mr. Jessey died, 
and a difference arose in his church 



Fo 



CYCLOPiEDIA. 



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267 



about mixed communion, the Bap- 
tists that were against it fell in 
with Mr. Forty, then a member of 
that congregation. Upon Mr. Forty's 
call to the church at. Abingdon, his 
people joined with Mr. Kittin's con- 
g^gation. Crosby, vol. 3, p. 100. 

FLORENTINUS, Hieron, Lu- 
cENsis. Author of — Disputatio de 
Ministrando Baptismo huinanis 
foetibus abortivorum, Lucee, 1661, 
4to. Ludg. 1674, 4to. Bib. Brit. 

FLOYER, Sir John, Knt. M. D., 
an eminent physician, was born at 
Staffordshire, England, about 1649, 
practised in Litchfield, where he 
died, 1734. He was a most learn- 
ed and Yolumnious medical writer. 
Among the titles of his works are — 
1. Essay to restore Dipping of Infants 
in their Baptism, Lond. 1722, 8vo. 
1. An Enquiry into the right use 
of hot, cold, and temperate Baths 
in England, Lond. 1697, 8vo. In 
Latin, Ludg. Bat. 1699, 8vo. The 
same work afterwards appeared 
under the following title. Ancient 
Psychrolusy revived, Lon. 1702, 
Svo. The same subject was more 
amply treated in another edition 
under the title of — History of Hot 
and Cold Bathing; ancient and 
modern; with an Appendix, by 
Dr. Edward Baynard, Lond. 1702, 
1706, 1709, 1715, 5th Ed. 1722, 
Svo. We shall introduce several 
quotations from his History of Cold 
Bathing, &c., pp. 11, 15, 61, 51, as 
follows : " The Christian Baptism 
was performed by immersion^ in 
England, and all parts, at the first 
planting of Christianity," p. 11. 
" The Church of Rome hath drawn 
short compendiums of both sacra- 
ments. In the Eucharist they use 
only the wafer — and, instead of 
immersion, they introduced asper- 
sion. — I have now sjiven what tes- 



timoily I could find in our English 
authors, to prove the practice of 
immersion from the time the Britons 
and Saxons were baptized, till 
King James' days ; when the peo- 
ple grew peevish with all ancient 
ceremonies, and through the love 
of novelty, and the niceness of pa- 
rents, and the pretence of modesty, 
they laid aside immersion ; which 
never was abrogated by any Canon, 
but still is recommended by the 
present Kubrick of our Church, 
which orders the child to be dipt 
discreetly and warily." pp. 15-61. 
"I do here appeal to you" (the 
Dean and Canons, Residentiaries 
of the Cathedral Church of Litch- 
field,) " as persons well versed in 
the ancient history, canons, and 
ceremonies of the Church of Eng- 
land ; and therefore are sufficient 
witnesses of the matterof fact which 
I design to prove ; viz. : That im- 
mersion continued in the Church 
of England till about the year 1600. 
And from hence I shall infer, that 
if God and the Church thought 
that practice innocent for sixteen 
hundred years, it must be account- 
ed an unreasonable nicety in this 
present age, to scruple either im- 
mersion or cold bathing, as danger- 
ous practices. Had any prejudice 
usually happened to infants by the 
trine immersion, that custom could 
not have continued so long in this 
kingdom. We must always ac- 
knowledge, that He, that made 
our bodies, would never command 
any practice prejudicial to our 
healths, and does frequently take 
great care both of our bodies and 
souls, in the same command,'' pp. 
11-51. Dr. Wall, Inf. Bap. part 
2, chap. 9, pp. 476-477, mentions 
him as showing : '' By reasons tak- 
en from the nature of our bodies, 



268 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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from the rules of medicine, from 
modern experiences, and from an- 
cient histor)", that washing or dip- 
ping infants in cold water is, gen- 
erally speaking, not only safe^ but 
very v^efut: and that though no 
such rite as baptism had been in- 
stituted, yet reas^on and experience 
would have directed people to use 
cold bathing, both of themselves 
and their cliiidren ; and that it has 
in all former ages so directed them. 
For he shews, that all civilized 
nations, the Egyptians, Greeks, 
Romans, &c., made frequent use 
of it, and gave commendations of 
it : and that nature itself has taught 
this custom to many barbarous na- 
tions ; the old Germans, Highland- 
ers, Japanese, Tartars, and even 
the Samoides, who live in the 
coldest climate that is inhabited. 
He prognosticates that the old 
modes in physic and religion will in 
time prevail, when people have 
had more experience in cold baths ; 
and that the approbation of physi- 
cians would bring in the old use 
of immersion in baptism." That a 
million of Baptists in America, 
now living, besides myriads of 
persons throughout the world, 
should have experienced no dis- 
comfort, but only the answer of 
a good conscience in immersion, 
ought to be a sufficient reason why 
even the quotation of Floyer would 
be unnecessary to meet the canting 
argument against immersion that 
it is either dangerous or unhealthy. 

FOOT, William. An English 
Baptist author of — ^A Plain account 
of the Ordinance of Baptism, in a 
series of letters to bishop Hoadley, 
Lond. 1760, p. 133. Ben. p. 172, 
see also Evans' Sketches, &c. p. 156. 

FOXWELL, Nathaniel. He 
was many years a respectable min- 



ister among the English General 
Baptists. Before his settlement in 
the metropolis, he was minister of 
the White Friars' Church, in Nor- 
wich, which he left in 1697, and 
came to London. He immediately 
joined in communion with the 
General Baptist Society, in Fair- 
street, Horsleydown, under the care 
of Mr. George White ; and he oc- 
casionally assisted that church in 
the work of the ministry. Not long 
afterwards, he was chosen morning- 
preacher to the society, in Hart- 
street, Covent-garden ; but was dis- 
missed from that service, Dec. 29, 
1700, because he would not remove 
his communion from Horsleydown. 
Previously to this the same church 
had invited him to the pastoral 
office, which he declined. Soon 
after this he was chosen occasional 
preacher to the church in FaolV 
alley, Barbican, which he continued 
to serve till Michaelmas, 1718, 
when he was discontinued to make 
room for Dr. Gale. The resolution 
of the church upon this occasion 
was communicated to Mr. Fox well 
in a very handsome manner, and 
they returned him their kind thanks 
for his past services. Long before 
this, however, he had been chosen 
elder in his own church, upon 
Horsleydown, in the room of Mn 
White, who died in 1702. In this 
situation he continued with good 
reputation till the time of his death, 
which happened about the summer 
of 1721. He was succeeded by 
Mr. Ralph Gould, who had probably 
preached to this church for some 
time in the capacity of an assistant. 
Wilson's Hist. Dissent. Churches, 
vol. 3, p. 234; vol. 4, p. 13, 258, 
259. 

FORD, Reuben. See Taylor's 
Lives Va. Bap. Minis., p. 63. 



269 



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FORD, Simon, D.D., a learned 
English divine, and elegant Latin 
poet, was born in Devonshire, 1619 ; 
died 1699. Of his numerous works 
given in the Bibliotheca Britanni- 
ca, we shall insert only the titles 
of two. 1. "Two Dialogues con- 
cerning the Practical use of Infant 
Baptism, Lond. 1654, 8vo. 1656, 
8vo. 2. Baptism for the Dead; 
a Sermon, Lond. 1692." 

FLOWER, Thomas, an English 
Particular Baptist minister. He 
was the son of Thomas Flower, 
pastor of the Baptist Church at 
Bourton-on-the-Water, where he 
died in 1740. Mr. Flower, junior, 
before he settled in London, preach- 
ed for about four or five years at 
Horsley, in Gloucestershire. He 
was ordained at Unicorn-yard, April 
29, 1736 ; and Mr. Samuel Wilson 
preached upon the occasion. After 
about eight years he resigned his 
situation, and afterwards preached 
only occasionally. He then be- 
took himself to the trade of a corn- 
factor, which procured him the ap- 
pellation of the " Worldly-minded 
Flower." He, however, acquired 
a handsome subsistence, and died, 
Sept. 3, 1767, aged 61 years, and 
was buried in Bunhill-fields. He 
published a volume of sermons, 
thirteen in number, in 1740 ; and 
a funeral of Mrs. Elizabeth Black- 
well, who died, April 5th, 1754, in 
the 83d year of her age, preached 
at her interment at Cirencester. 
Wilson's Hist. Dissent. Churches, 
vol. 4, p. 235. 

FLOURNOY, Francis, a Baptist 
minister, was born in Virginia, 
and was a member of Tomahawk 
Church, Chesterfield county. He 
removed to Georgia, and joined 
Bethesda Church, in Greene co. 
By this church he was licensed, 



and sent as a delegate to the Geor- 
gia Association, in 1800. In 1806, 
he was a member and first pastor 
of Tirzah Church, in Putnam. 
About 1820, he was appointed su- 
perintendant of the mission among 
the Creek Indians, to be sustained by 
the co-operation of the Georgia, Oc- 
mulgee, and Ebenezer Associations. 
But he declined the appointment 
on account of pecuniary embarrass- 
ment, and Mr. Compere was ap- 
pointed. He had been an unsuc- 
cessful merchant in Madison. After 
this he spent some years in trading 
in lands in Early and contiguous 
counties. During his trips down 
into that region, occasion was fur- 
nished for reports touching his 
moral character, on account of 
which he was excluded from the 
church in 1826, He was restored 
again, and died in church fellow- 
ship. There was no positive proof 
of his guilt, though the circum- 
stances were of so suspicious a char- 
acter as to demand his expulsion, 
for a time at least He had, in his 
embarrassed condition, relinquished 
preaching almost entirely. In the 
sale of fi'actions, prior to 1812, as 
one of the state commissioners, he 
was laid under severe censure by 
the legislature. But it was evident 
he had been led astray by others, 
and was not deeply involved in 
guilt. Before his death, (which 
occurred about 1829,) he had re- 
sumed the ministerial office, and 
seemed desirous to be useful ; but 
in order to sustain his family, was 
occasionally engaged in trading 
excursions. On one of those trips, 
he encamped by the roadside, near 
Monticello, Jasper county, and was 
murdered in the night by a run- 
away negro, who supposed he had 
money. The murderer was arrested 



270 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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and executed. He was a man of 
respectable talents, and of consider- 
able acquirements ; had been clerk 
of the Ocmulgee Association, and 
died in his 56th year. If the co- 
vetousness of the churches compell- 
ed him to resort to secular business 
to sustain his family, then the 
churches must in a measure bear 
the shame of his embarrassment, 
and the consequent reproach 
brought upon the cause. But if 
avarice induced him to embark in 
merchandize, for which he could 
not have been well qualified, then 
the reproach attache^ to himself 
alone. An only son is a reputable 
member of society. Campbell's 
Georgia Baptists, p. 134, 135. 

FORME Y, John Henry Samuel. 
A Prussian writer of versatile tal- 
ents, originally of a French family, 
was born at Berlin, 1711; died 
1797. Of his numerous works we 
shall notice, only — His Ecclesiasti- 
cal History, from the birth of 
Christ to the present time, translat- 
ed from the French, with an Ap- 
pendix added, giving an account of 
the Methodists, by the translator, 
and published, Lond. 1766, 2 vols. 
8vo. We quote the Abridgment, 
vol. 1, p. 33. "They baptized" 
f says Formey,) " about this time," 
(toward the end of the 2d century,) 
^^ infants as well as adults," xxx. 
"Putting off their cloaths, they 
were dipped three times in water ; 
but when they administered bap- 
tism to c Uniques, i. e., to those who 
were confined to their beds from 
illness, they made use of only siiii- 
ple sprinlding?^ Bib. Brit., Booth, 
and work above cited. 

FORBES, Philo, a Baptist au- 
thor of — Christian Baptism Vindi- 
cated, in answer to Mr. House's 
Treatise on Infant Baptism and 



Church Membership. Rochester, 
! N. Y., 1834, 12mo- pp- 48. Ben. p. 
I 223 

I FOSTER, James, D. D. This 
celebrated Baptist divine, who 
I came over from the Presbyterians, 
was born at Exeter, England, on 
the 16th of September, 1697. His 
grandfather was a clergyman of the 
Church of England, at Kettering, 
in Northamptonshire ; and his fa- 
ther, who imbibed the principles of 
dissent from a religious uncle, who 
had the care of his education, fol- 
lowed the business of a fuller. At 
five years of age, our divine was 
sent to the free-school at Exeter, 
where ho made so rapid a progress 
in grammar-learning, that his mas- 
ter, a Mr. Thorpe, spoke of him in 
the warmest terms of applause, and 
boasted of him as the glory of his 
school. Here he commenced his 
acquaintance with Dr. Coneybeare, 
afterwards bishop of Bristol. From 
the grammar-school he was removed 
to an academy for educating dis- 
senting ministers, then under the 
care of Mr. Joseph Hallet, sen., in 
the same city, whore he went 
through the different courses of 
study necessary to qualify him for 
the ministerial profession. By his 
abilities and improvement, he soon 
acquired the admiration both of his 
tutor and his fellow-students. Mr. 
Foster began to preach in the year 
1718, when he was in his twenty- 
first year, and he was much ad- 
mired in diflferent places where he 
occasionally officiated. At this time 
the controversy respecting the Tri- 
nity, and a subscription to articles 
of faith as a test of orthodoxy, was 
carried on with great warmth 
among the Dissenters, particularly 
in the west of England. As Mr. 
Foster sided with what was called 



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271 



the heterodox party, he met with 
much opposition, but was counte- 
nanced and held in high esteem 
by many worthy persons, particu- 
larly by Mr. Jas. Pierce, of Exeter. 
Thus circumstanced, he was in- 
duced to close with an invitation 
from a Dissenting congregation at 
Milborne-Port, in Somersetshire. 
There he continued till his senti- 
ments becoming disagreeable to 
some of his hearers, who were zea- 
lous in the cause of orthodoxy, the 
situation became uneasy to him. 
He then removed to the house of 
Mr. Nicholas Billingsby, a brother 
minister at Ashwick, an obscure 
retreat under the hills of Mondip, 
in the same county. While con- 
cealed in this asylum, he preached 
to two poor, plain congregations — 
one at Coleslbrd, and the other at 
Wokey, near Wells ; but both to- 
gether raised him a salary of only 
filleen pounds per annum. For 
some years he lived in this state of 
humble poverty, but retained his 
usual cheerfulness, and applied 
himself closely to study. " His 
chief' view," says a worthy divine, 
who knew him well, ** was to main- 
tain his own integrity, and promote 
the honor of his great Lord ; bear- 
ing difficulties with a rational firm- 
ness and calm submission to the 
Divine will." At Ashwick, he 
commenced an intimacy with Mr. 
Herbert Stogdon, a minister of 
similar views, and who supplied 
the two congregations at Colesford 
and Wokey, alternately with him. 
It was during this retreat, in the 
year 1720, that Mr. Foster publish- 
ed an " Essay on Fundamentals, 
with particular regard to the doc- 
trine of the ever blessed Trinity, 
&c." — designed to check that cen- 
sorious and uncharitable spirit 



which was then so prevalent, by 
showing that the Trinitarian notion 
is not one of the fundamentals of 
Christianity, or, in other words, one 
of those doctrines, a belief of which 
is made an express condition of 
happiness in the sacred writings. 
Subjoined to the essay is a sermon, 
entitled " The Resurrection of Christ 
proved and vindicated against the 
most important objections of the 
ancient Jews and modern Deists, 
and His Disciples shown to be suf- 
ficient Witnesses of the Fact." 
These pieces are said to be written 
with much ability, spirit, and good 
temper. " But the essay," observes 
one of his biographers, " instead of 
allaying, increased the clamors of 
his opponents, who were fruitful 
in their invention of such calumnies 
as might blacken his character, and 
render him obnoxious to the igno- 
rant and bigoted. Their conduct, 
however, excited no other senti- 
ment than that of pity in his en- 
lightened and candid mind, and did 
not tempt him, either in his actions 
or language, to transgress the rules 
of christian charity and forbear- 
ance for which he pleaded. This 
amiable temper cannot but be high- 
ly commended by those who differ 
the most widely from Mr. Foster in 
their views of the doctrines of the 
gospel ; and so far as the former 
part of this account was true, it 
merits the severest censure. Argu- 
ment, and not abuse, is the only 
properweapon for subjugating error. 
From Ashwick, Mr. Foster removed 
to Trowbridge, in Wiltshire, where 
he preached for some time to a 
small Presbyterian congregation, 
which did not actually consist of 
more than twenty or thirty perscJns. 
During his residence in this place, 
in consequence of reading Dr. Gale's 



272 



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Treatise on Infant Baptism, he be- 
came a convert to the opinion, that 
baptism of adults by immersion is 
the true scriptural rite, and was 
afterwards baptized according to 
that mode in London. By adopting 
this opinion and practice, he gave 
a strong proof of his integrity ; for 
it was calculated to narrow his 
prospects of worldly success, by 
preventing his settlement in a ma- 
jority of Dissenting places, where 
his freedom of sentiment would 
not otherwise prove unacceptable ; 
and he could entertain but little 
expectation of meeting with a Bap- 
tist church from which his want of 
orthodoxy would not exclude him. 
This variation of sentiment pro- 
duced no difficulty between him 
and the people of Trowbridge ; but 
so insufficient was the utmost in- 
come which they could contribute 
to his support, that he entertained 
some thoughts of quitting the min- 
istry, and of betaking himself to a 
secular employment. At one time 
he is said to have deliberated about 
learning the trade of a glover, from 
the person in whose house he board- 
ed ; but he was diverted from this 
by the unexpected kindness and 
generosity of Kobert Houlton, Esq., 
who took him into his house as 
chaplain, and became his patron 
and friend. By this means he wals 
introduced to wider circles and 
more respectable connexions, in 
which his talents and character 
soon attracted much notice and 
admiration. A virulent pamphlet, 
supposed to be written by a clergy- 
man, and published at that period, 
fell foul both upon his Essay and 
his patron, putting the latter under 
a curse for taking him into his 
house, and bidding him God speed, 
the year 1724, Mr. Foster re- 



moved to London, being chosen to 
the joint pastoral charge, with Mr. 
Joseph Burroughes, of the General 
Baptist Church, in Paul's-alley, 
Barbican, in the room of the learned 
Dr. Gale, deceased. To this office 
he was ordained on the 1st of July, 
in that year, and maintained the 
connexion with great reputation 
for more than twenty years. In 
the year 1728, he engaged in a 
Lord's-day evening lecture, at the 
Old Jewry, which he carried on 
till nearly the time of his death, 
with a degree of popularity which 
is said to have been unexampled 
among Protestant Dissenters. "Here 
(says Dr. Fleming) was a conflu- 
ence of persons of every rank, sta- 
tion, and quality, wits, free-think- 
ers, numbers of clergy, who, whilst 
they gratified their curiosity, had 
their prepossessions shaken, and 
their prejudices loosened. And of 
the usefulness and success of these 
lectures he had a large number of 
written testimonials, from unknown 
as well as known persons." In 
the year 1731, Mr. Foster published 
a valuable treatise, entitled " The 
Usefulness, Truth, and Excellency 
of the Christian Revelation defend- 
ed against the objections contained 
in a late book, entitled ^ Christi- 
anity as Old as the Creation, &c.' " 
This performance reflects much 
credit on the abilities and ingenuity 
of the author, and is written with 
great clearness of thought and ex- 
pression. It met with such general 
approbation from the judicious and 
candid of all parties, that rq)eated 
impressions were soon demanded 
by the public. Even Dr. Tindal, 
against whose work it was written, 
is said always to have spoken of it 
with great respect In the year 
1734, Mr. Foster published, in oo- 



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273 



tavo, a volume of " Sermons," on 
Tarious^interesting subjects. This 
was so well received, that' a fourth 
edition was called for in the year 
1745, and it encouraged the author 
to present the public with three 
additional volumes, of which the 
last appeared in 1744. The whole 
four volumes passed to a fifth im- 
pression in 1755. One of the ser- 
mons in the first of these volumes, 
on the subject of Heresy, engaged 
our author in a controversy with 
Dr. Henry Stebbing, then one of 
the king's chaplains, and preacher 
to the society in Gray's Inn. As 
the pamphlets published on this 
occasion by the two disputants, 
and which appeared in 1735, and 
two following years, are numerous, 
the titles shall be added at the close 
of this article. In the course of 
the controversy, Mr. Foster's skill 
in disputation, acquaintance with 
scripture criticism, and just views 
i of Christian liberty, appeared to 
eminent advantage. It was subse- 
quent to the publication of his ser- 
mons, that some sentiments he had 
advanced upon the leading doc- 
trines of the gospel, which he ex- 
plained according to the Socinian 
scheme, were severely animadvert- 
ed upon by Mr. John Paine, a min- 
ister of some note among the Par- 
ticular Baptists, and a rigid Calvin- 
ist. Of this attack it does not ap- 
pear that our author took any public 
notice. Towards the close of the 
year 1744, Mr. Foster accepted the 
pastoral charge of the Independent 
1 Congregation at Pinners'-Hall, in 
the room of Dr. Jeremiah Hunt, 
deceased. It appears from this cir- 
cumstance that our author was an 
advocate for free-communion. The 
church at Barbican, holding his 
services in high estimation, was 



unwilling to part with him, and 
earnestly desired the continuance 
of the connexion, notwithstand- 
ing his accepting the pastoral re- 
lation in the other church. This, 
however, he declined, being against 
pluralities ; but he was very thank- 
ful for the respect and attention 
shown to him upon this occasion. 
In the year 1746, Mr. Foster was 
called upon to perform a melancholy 
office, which made an impression 
on his tender and sympathizing 
mind that was painfully felt by 
him ever afterwards. This was to 
attend the Earl of Kilmarnock, who 
was then in the Tower under the 
sentence of death. He accompanied 
this unfortunate nobleman to the 
scaffold, and afterwards published, 
in a small octavo pamphlet, " An 
Account of the behavior of the late 
Earl of Kilmarnock, after his Sen- 
tence, and on the Day of his Exe- 
cution." Shortly after its appear- 
ance there came forth another 
pamphlet, by way of answer, en- 
titled " Kilmarnock's Ghost." It 
was the production of the Rev. 
Malachi Blake, a worthy Dissent- 
ing minister, at Blandford, and was 
written from an apprehension that 
Mr. Foster had been superficial, if 
not erroneous, in the advice he 
gave to that peer. Mr. Foster's 
conduct in this affair was also ani- 
madverted upon by some other 
writers, at the same time. In Dec. 
1748, the Marischal College of 
Aberdeen conferred upon him the 
degree of Doctor of Divinity. On 
this occasion he received very 
handsome letters from Principal 
Blackwell and Professor David 
Fordyce. In 1749, Mr. Foster pub- 
lished, in quarto, the first volume 
of his ** Discourses on all the prin- 
cipal Branches of Natural Religion 



274 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



Fo 



and Social Virtue." The second 
volume appeared in 1752. One 
chief view of the author in this 
work was to render both the prin- 
ciples and the proofs of natural re- 
ligion, which equally concern all 
without distinction, fully intelli- 
gible, by omitting as much as pos- 
sible all philosophical and scholas- 
tic terms, and reducing more in- 
volved and abstruse propositions to 
a plainer form. To the second 
volume are annexed offices of de- 
votion, suited to the principal sub- 
jects, which have been pronounced 
to be compositions of great merit 
in their kind. Those volumes have 
now fallen into great disrepute, and 
are but little read. Nor is this cir- 
cumstance, in a religious view, to 
be greatly regretted. Systems of 
NatunU Religion, as they are very 
ini properly called, have been of 
great disservice to Christianity, for 
which they have been often substi- 
tuted. Their usual tendency has 
been to divert the attention from 
the study, of the scriptures, and 
promote an indifference, if not a 
sceptical disregard, to the leading 
doctrines of revelation. The most 
remarkable circumstance attending 
Dr. Foster's work is, that it was 
ushered into the world with the 
names of two thousand subscribers, 
containing the names of the most 
distinguished personages of the 
kingdom. This was a most un- 
usual thing, and affords convincing 
proof of the great estimation which 
the abilities of our author obtained 
among persons of different persua- 
sions. It has been intimated above, 
that after his attendance upon Lord 
Kilmarnock, Dr. Foster lost much 
of his natural vivacity. In the 
month of April, 1750, he was at- 
tacked by a violent disorder, from 



the eflfects of which he never wholly 
recovered, though he contii^ued to 
preach, as often as he was able, 
till Jan. 1752-3. In that month 
he had another attack, which ap- 
pears to have been of the paralytic 
kind ; after which, he continued in 
a declining way till the middle of 
j October, when the dead-palsy struck 
I his right side. After this, he re- 
I mained calm and sensible, till he 
breathed his last, on the 5th of 
November, 1753, in the 57th year 
of his age. His funeral sermon was 
preached at Pinners'-Hall, by Dr. 
Caleb Fleming, from Acts xL 23, 
24. Another discourse, upon the 
same occasion, was delivered at the 
evening lecture, in Old Jewry, by 
the late Mr. Charles Bulkley, on 
John X. 35. 

From the preceding narrative the 
reader will be able to form some 
estimate of the character of Dr. 
Foster. His abilities, natural and 
acquired, appear to have been of a 
superior kind ; but it was as a 
preacher that he gained the greatest 
celebrity. . His popularity is said 
to have been occasioned by the fol- 
lowing circumstance : — A physician 
of rank and eminence, happening 
to pass by the meeting-house where 
he was preaching, during a shower 
of rain, went in for shelter. He 
heard a few sentences, and was so 
charmed, that he stayed the whole 
of the time, and afterwards spoke 
of him, upon all occasions, with 
emphatical esteem as a preacher. 
He appears to have possessed a fine 
genius, a lively imagination, and 
an uncommon sprightliness and 
vivacity of address. His elocution 
was just, and his language masterly. 
He had a happy talent at reasoning, 
and expressed himself with perspi- 
cuity, elegance, and energy. His 



Fo 



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275 



voice was naturally strong, distinct I Answer to Dr. Stebbing's Letter on 



and harmonious; and his action 
grave and expressive. Such quali- 
ties could not fail to arrest the at- 
tention. It was probably to these 
circumstances,' rather than to his 
benevolence, that he was indebted 
for so large a share of popularity. 
Benevolence, however, formed a 
leading feature in his character. 
This was evidenced, not only in 
his compassion to the distressed, 
but as it formed the basis, and we 
might add, the essence, of his re- 
Ugious creed. To this attribute he 
made his sentiments, as well as his 
actions, subservient. As Dr. Foster 
was far gone in the Socinian scheme, 
and laid but little stress upon the 
peculiar doctrines of revelation, he 
was charged by some persons with 
deism and infidelity. The accusa- 
tion, as far as respected a belief in 
the evidences of Christianity, was 
undoubtedly false. This appears 
from the excellent sentiment thaf 
follows : " I take this opportunity 
to declare, in an age in which scep- 
ticism prevails to a high degree, 
that I esteem it an honor to be a 
firm believer J and from devotedness 
of mind, a preacher and public ad- 
vocate for the Christian institution ; 
and think all those justly charge- 
able with great baseness, pusilla- 
nimity and hypocrisy, ''who either 
preach or profess it, for the sake of 
popularity, or any worldly conside 
ration whatsoever, without being 
themselves real and hearty chris- 
tians." 

The first pamphlet published in 
his controversy with Dr. Stebbing, 
arising from his sermons on Heresy, 
noticed previously, was entitled 
" A Letter to Mr. Foster on the 
subject of Heresy. By Henry Steb- 
bing, D.D." This produced " An 



Heresy. In a letter to the Doctor, 
By James Foster." To this Dr. 
Stebbing replied, in "A Second 
Letter to Mr. Foster on the subject 
of Heresy." This was followed by 
" An Answer to Dr. Stebbing's 
Second Letter on the subject of 
Heresy: in which the whole con- 
troversy is fairly stated and re-ex- 
amined. By James Foster." To 
this tract succeeded "A True State 
of the Controversy with Mr. Foster 
on the subject of Heresy ; in Auswer 
to his Second Letter. By Henry 
Stebbing, D.D." " An Answer to 
Dr. Stebbing's True State of the 
Controversy with Mr. Foster on the 
subject of Heresy; by Jas. Foster," 
closed the debate. These pieces, 
collected together, form a moderate- 
size octavo volume. Besides the 
pieces already mentioned. Dr. Fos- 
ter published three Sermons upon 
funeral occasions : — 1. Upon the 
death of Mrs. Mary Wilkes. Eccles. 
vii. 2. 1732. 2. On the death of 
Rev. Thomas Emlyn ; preached at 
Barbican, Aug. 16, 1741. Heb. 
viii. 12. 3. On the death of Rev. 
Joshua Ash worth; preached at 
White's-alley, Oct. 31, 1742. Isa. 
xi. 6. It may not be improper to 
mention, that the celebrated Mr. 
Whiston, in the latter part Of his 
life, received baptism from Dr. 
Foster, and became a member of 
his church. Dr. Foster was interred 
in Bunhill-fields, where a handsome 
monument was erected over his 
tomb ; but it is now gone to decay, 
and the inscription illegible. The 
following is copied from an early 
volume of the Gentleman's Maga- 
zine : — 

Here lie the RenuiinB of 

JAMES FOSTER, D. D., 

Born at Exeter, in DeTonshire, 16th Sept 1697. 



Early trained up to academical 



\ Sept 1( 
Btuoies, 



276 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



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And prepared for the sncrcd work to which 

He devoted himself, 

By diligent reitearcheit into Uie Holy SoriDturea, 

And the aaMttancc tlivy atford as a guiae to 

natural reason; 

Also by Kerious piety, elevated thought^ 

Happy facility in eonipoHing, and fluency in 

expromuon ; 

His judgment in divine thin^ not guided by 

the opinion of others. 

Produced many discoivses and writingd, out of the 

common way, some in defence of the 

divine religion, 

But in moat cases recommending love towards Gk>d 

and man. 

Notwithstanding the censures which fell upon him. 

He was candid towards all whom he 

believed sincere, 

Beneficent to the neglect of himself^ 

Agreeable and useful in conversation. 

And careful to avoid even the appearance of eril. 

He began his ministry in the West Country, 

under great discouragements ; 

Was ordained pastor in July, 1724, at 

Barbican, in London ; 

And after twenty^ years' service there, 

Removed to Pinners'-Uall, in the same city. 

In Dec 1748, the University of Aberdeen, in Scotland, 

Conferred on him, unsought, the degree of D.D. 

His eloquence procured him many hearers of 

different persuasions ; 

Till at length, by nis great assiduity in 

preaching ana writing, 

He sunk into a nervous disorder. 

Which, increasing upon liim for two or three yean, 

Put an end to his life, 5th Nov. 1753, 

In the 57th year of his age. 

This memoir of Dr. Foster is 
abridged from Walter Wilson's 
Hist. Dissent. Churches, vol. 2, p. 
270-283. See also Evans' Sketches 
of All Denominations, p. 156. 

FOSTER, E., an American Bap- 
tist, author of — Two Letters on the 
Terms of Communioit at the Lord's 
Table. To a Paedobaptist. Ben., 
p. 253. 

FOSTER, Benjamin, D.D., late 
pastor of the first Baptist Church 
in the city of New- York, descended 
from respectable parents of the 
Congregational Church, and was 
born at Danvers, in the county of 
Essex, Mass., June 12, 1750. 

Agreeably to the custom of his 
native state, he received the early 
part of his education at the town 
school ; and as he evinced, from 
. his tender years, a remarkably de- 
vout and pious disposition, his pa- 



rents devoted his whole time to 
academical pursuits in that semi- 
nary, in order to fit him for the 
university, where they intended to 
fix him, as soon as his age would 
admit of his removal from under 
their immediate care. At the age 
of eighteen, he was placed at Yale 
College, in Connecticut, at that 
time under the direction of the 
learned and pious President Dagget, 
where he soon distinguished him- 
self, no less by his religious and 
exemplary life, than by his assiduity 
and success in classical literature. 
About this time, several tracts 
relative to the proper subjects of 
baptism, and also to the scriptural 
mode of administering that divine 
ordinance, having msule their ap- 
pearance, the matter was consider- 
ably agitated in college, and fixed 
upon as a proper subject for discus- 
sion. Mr. F. was appointed to de- 
fend infant sprinkling. To prepare 
liimself for the dispute, he used the 
utmost exertion : he endeavored to 
view the question in every light in 
which he could possibly place it : 
he carefully searched the holy scrip- 
tures, and examined the history of 
the church from the times of the 
apostles. The result, however, was 
very different from what had been 
expected ; for when the day ap- 
pointed for discussion had arrived, 
he was so far from being prepared 
to defend infant sprinkling, that, 
to the great astonishment of the 
officers of the college, he avowed 
himself a decided convert to the 
doctrine, that only those who pro- 
fess faith in Christ are the subjects, 
and that immersion only is the 
mode of christian baptism ; and of 
which he continued, ever after, a 
steady, zealous and powerful advo- 
cate. 



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277 



His mind was impressed with 
serious concern at an early period, 
but he had nearly arrived at man- 
hood before he obtained a satisfac- 
tory evidence that he had passed 
from death unto life. While a 
youth his temptations to blaspheme 
were often so strong, that, as he 
related to some pious friends, he 
has laid fast hold of his lips, to 
prevent himself from sinniiig 
against his Creator. 

He graduated about the year 
1772, soon after which he was bap- 
tized, and joined the church in 
Boston of which Samuel Stillman, 
D.D., was pastor, under whose fos- 
tering care he applied himself to 
the study of divinity, and took 
upon himself the charge of the 
Baptist Church in Leicester, Mass., 
over which he was the same year 
regularly ordained as pastor. Dur- 
ing his residence in that place, he 
published a tract, entitled "The 
Washing of Regeneration ; or, The 
Divine Rite of Immersion," in an- 
swer to a treatise on the subject of 
, baptism, written by the Rev. Mr. 
Fish. And soon after he published 
his '' Primitive Baptism defended, 
in a letter to the Rev. Mr. John 
Cleaveland ;" in both of which he 
discovered considerable erudition, 
great depth of argument, and much 
christian charity. After having 
continued at Leicester for several 
years, his connexion with that 
church was dissolved, and he 
preached a short time in his native 
town of Danvers ; but as neither 
Danvers nor Leicester afforded him 
the use of such books as were ne- 
cessary for a person of his studious 
turn, he accepted of an invitation 
to take upon him the pastoral care 
of a church in Newport, Rhode 
Island, where he soon had the sa- 



tisfaction to find that his sphere of 
usefulness was considerably en- 
larged, and his means of study 
greatly improved. On an invitation 
from the first Baptist Church in 
New- York, he paid them a visit in 
1788, and after having preached 
there for a short time, received an 
unanimous call to settle amongst 
them as their pastor. Upon his re- 
turn to Newport, he consulted with 
his church, who, though hisrhly 
pleased with the eminent services 
of their learned and faithful teacher, 
were unwilling to throw any ob- 
stacle in the way which might im- 
pede his removal to a place where 
his ministerial labors might bo still 
more extensively useful. He there- 
fore accepted the call to New- York ; 
and having taken upon him the 
pastoral charge of that church in 
the autumn of the same year, con- 
tinued in that station till the time 
of his death. 

In Sept. 1795, the degree of D.D. 
was conferred upon him by the col- 
lege of Rhode Island, in conse- 
quence of a learned publication of 
his, entitled " A Dissertation on 
the seventy weeks of Daniel, the 
particular and exact fulfilment of 
which prophecy is considered and 
proved." 

From the time Dr. Foster set out 
as a gospel minister, he was uni- 
formly assiduous in the discharge 
of all the duties of his office ; nor 
did his zeal in the service of his 
Master abate, as he advanced in 
life ; for during his last twelve or 
fourteen years, it was his constant 
practice to preach from four to six 
sermons every week. But the yel- 
low fever, which committed so great 
havoc in New- York, during the au- 
tumn of 1798, put a period to the 
usefulness of this worthy man. This 



278 



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HAYNES* BAPTIST 



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dreadful malady had begun to pre- 
vail, and several of his friends had 
sunk under its malignity. In their 
last illness Dr. Foster was frequent 
in his visits, when he prayed with 
them and administered the sooth 
ing consolations of religion. As he 
was one of those whom no appear- 
ance of danger could intimidate 
from persevering in what he con- 
sidered to be the path of duty, he 
was not unwilling to visit those 
scenes of affliction, from which, at 
that time, many of the best of men 
shrunk back with terror. He was, 
however, seized with the disorder, 
and after an illness of a very few 
days, expired, August 26, 1798, to 
the great and almost irreparable 
loss of his church, aged 49 years. 

Dr. Foster, as a scholar, particu- 
larly in the Greek, Hebrew, and 
Chaldean languages, has left few 
superiors. As a divine, he was 
strictly Calvinistic, and full of the 
doctrine of salvation by free grace. 
As a preacher, he was indefatigable. 
In private life, he was innocent as 
a child, and harmless as a dove, 
fulfilling all the duties of life with 
the greatest punctuality. The fol- 
lowiiijj inscription on a handsome 
marble over his grave, in the Bap- 
tist burying, ground in New- York, 
written by an eminent Presbyterian 
clergyman of that city, is an enco- 
nium justly due to his memory: 
" As a scholar and divine, he ex- 
celled ; as a preacher he was emi- 
nent ; as a christian he shone con- 
spicuously; in his piety he was 
fervent ; the church was comforted 
by his life, and it now laments his 
death." 

Dr. Foster was twice married, 
and in both instances was blessed 
with a pious and excellent com- 
panion. His first wife, who was 



Elizabeth Green, daughter of the 
Rev. Thomas Green, of Leicester, 
died August 19, 1703 ; and his sec- 
ond was Martha, daughter of Mr. 
Jas. Bingham, of New- York, whom 
he survived but a very short time. 
She died July 27, 1798. Baptist 
Library, p. 296-297. 

FOSTER, Orson Gaylord, the 
youngest son of Salmon and Louisa 
Foster, was born in Whiting, Ver- 
mont, August 27th, 1816. Both 
of his parents died while he was 
only five years of age, of consump- 
tion, only three months interven- 
ing. The following "Recollections 
of my parents," is from his pen: 

" Of my father's personal appear- 
ance I have no remembrance, bat 
one or two little circumstances I 
remember. While he was sick, he 
walked out, one pleasant afternoon, 
and being very weak, he could 
walk but a little distance without 
sitting down to rest. I carried a 
chair along for him to sit upon. 
My father felt unusually well. He 
hoped for a recovery, and no doubt 
expected it. That night he died! 
Yes, while indulging in the pros-* 
pect of health again. Death was 
placing the fatal arrow to his bow. 
Little did he think that the child 
who drew the chair along by his 
side, was so soon to be left a helpless 
orphan ! My mother, too, is in her 
grave ! I remember when she was 
on her dying bed. The cold, clam- 
my damp of death was on her brow. 
She was struggling in the dissolu- 
tion of nature. She could speak 
only in a whisper. She motioned 
me to her bed-side. She whispered 
in my ear, * Always he a good boy' 
The window curtains were down, 
the room darkened. A number of 
weeping friends stood round. Bv 
her request I was brought in. 



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how fearfully pale was her coun- 
tenance ! How her voice sounded ! 
I went to her bed-side. She turn- 
ed with much difficulty, and spoke 
to me the above words. They 
were her last words. I hear them 
yet. They will ring in my ears 
to my dying hour. I was afraid. 
Yes, the child turned away from 
the side of his dying mother, and 
as he turned, knew not ttiat he 
was suffering a loss which nothing 
could restore. The circumstances 
that I have mentioned seem like 
dreams, vague, dim, shadowy. But 
0, 1 shall never forget my mother. 

"I sometimes fancy that as I 
sit alone in my room, spirits are 
around me ; that my dear departed 
friends are permitted to visit me. 
Spirits of my departed, early lost, 
but beloved parents ! Are ye around 
me ? Oh . breathe blessings upon 
me ! May I ever feel and act as I 
would, if I saw the eyes of my pa- 
rents really fixed upon me." 

After some six or eight months, 
the family was broken up and the 
children scattered. Orson was tak- 
en to his grandfather's until a suita- 
ble place could he found for him. 
He says, ** During this time I was 
spoilt. I was put over to the care 
of a certain aunt, who was at that 
time * mater familias.'" We in- 
sert the following paragraph for the 
important and too much neglected 
lesson it administers to parents, 
nurses, and domestics, in the treat- 
ment of young children. He con- 
tinues : " What I remember most 
ahout her, is, her ghost stories, bear 
stories, hohgoblin adventures and 
hippogriff rides. I used to sit by 
her side, and hear her tell stories 
of old women riding on hroom- 
sticks — of their stealing little chil- 
dren and carrying them off into 



horrid caverns, where afterwards 
nothing was found of them but 
piles of skulls and bones. I would 
sit and hear such frightful stories 
till I durst neither stir nor breathe 
audibly, and the only way she could 
get me to bed, wa^ to go and lie 
down with me until I got to sleep. 
When I was noisy, she would tell 
me if I did not stop, a hippogriff 
would come down the chimney 
and carry me off in a twinkling ; 
and then, no matter how 'uproarious' 
I had been, I would be as still as 
she could wish. It was a desper- 
ate, but sure remedy, and used on 
all occasions. I used almost to 
hate her theiiy and have had good 
reason to since, considering the 
effect her stories had on me. No 
one can tell the amount of influ- 
ence they will have on one, in later 
life. I would quicker whip a child 
till it could neither stand alone 
nor cry, and thus quiet it, than to 
be guilty of stilling it by frightful 
stories. The one injures the body 
only, the other the mind and moral 
powers." 

When about six years old, he 
was given to a Mr. Levi Reed, of 
Moriah, N. Y., where he remained 
eight years. He gives a vivid de- 
scription of Mr. R. as a "plain 
man" of steady habits and consist- 
ent piety. Of Mrs. R. he says, 
"My first religious impressions I 
got from her. I don't know as I 
have any more pleasing recollec- 
tions of early childhood, than those 
connected with my mother Reed. 
I remember how she used to take 
me aside and pray with me, and 
talk with me on the suhject of 
religion." " They took me in when 
fatherless and motherless, and I 
fared in their family like one of 
their own children. I shall ever 



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remember them with gratitude 
and affection." " I do not remem- 
ber of reading any books except 
the New Testament, Robinson 
Crusoe, and a book called the Won- 
ders of Nature and Providence. 
The last two made a wonderful 
impression on my mind. I ran 
away from school, dug a hole in a 
snow drift, and there sat, in a cold 
winter's day, to read Robinson 
Crusoe, because the boy to whom 
the book belonged, would not let 
me have it but one day. O how 
I devoured that book! I never 
shall read another with the inter- 
est I felt in that ! I was in a new 
world, and O how delighted with 
its inhabitants !" Those who know 
him, and know the influence of 
one stirring book read at that age, 
must form their own judgment 
how much influence that book ex- 
erted on his future character. 

It was while living with Mr. 
Reed that he underwent a change 
in his mind, and obtained the for- 
giveness of his sins. He says, 
** The first sermon I remember any 
thing about, was preached by a 
Mr. Herrick. The subject was 
*the danger of hypocrisy in the 
formation of religious character.' 
Till then, all preaching was alike 
with me. Not long after this, in 
a time of revival of religion, I first 
felt the joy of believing in Jesus. 
I was then about twelve years old. 
What joy, what peace, what fresh- 
ness of feeling I then felt, it is im- 
possible for me to describe ! Five 
or six of us used to hold a prayer 
meeting by ourselves, none of us 
more than fourteen years of age. 
One night we made a boy — a par- 
ticular friend of mine — a subject 
of special prayer; soon after, he 
was converted, and I have ever 



] felt it was in answer to our prayers 
.that night, that God converted 
• him." After some time, he joined 
! the Presbyterian church, to which 
[ Mr. Reed belonged. He knew of 
; no other, except the Baptists, who 
had just organized a church in that 
place, and owing to misrepresenta- 
tions made of them, he had his mind 
exceedingly prejudiced against 
them, and supposed them to be a 
set of wicked wretches. 

When he was fourteen years old, 
Orson was taken to his brothers, in 
Whiting, Vt., to learn the saddling : 
and harness making business. *'I 
soon became changed — ^I lost my 
religious feelings, and wandered 
in the dark. At that time, none 
of my brothers were pious. I had 
none to advise me and lead me 
along by the hand." During the 
time he remained with them, there 
was a revival of religion, and he 
was reclaimed and joined the Bap- 
tist church. He was baptized by 
Rev. Isaac Wescott, Nov. 13, 1831. 

About this time he began to 
think of preparing to be a preacher 
of the gospel. In the spring of 
1834, he entered the Institution in 
Brandon, Vt. It was in the 
autumn of the succeeding year, 
that the writer first formed an ac- 
quaintance with him in that Insti- 
tution. Here, in a preparation for 
college, he pursued his studies 
with commendable diligence, giv- 
ing evidence of genius and talent 
Being measurably dependant on 
his own resources, he taught school 
during winters. He gained the 
respect and confidence of his class- 
mates and fellow-students. We 
met him in the house of God and 
in the praying circle, as well as at 
the table and the recitation room. 
Those were happy days, on which 



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the memory loves to linger. But 
a new era now opens before us. In 
the fall of 1836, he entered Middle- 
bury College. When a young man 
enters college, how little he realizes 
the great change for good or evil to 
which he will be subject during 
his four years durance? He may 
not only increase in human know- 
ledge, but grow in piety, and 
strengthen his moral as well as in- 
tellectual powers ; or he may waste 
his time in frivolous pursuits, and 
graduate with an uncultivated 
mind and a hardened heart. Alas! 
how many who give evidence of 
piety when they enter, and exhibit 
pleasing prospects of usefulness, 
become worldly and skeptical, and 
bring down the gray hairs of parents 
in sorrow to the grave ! Expecta- 
tions blighted, relatives disappoint- 
ed, and benevolent friends sadden- 
' ed, by the fall of those whom they 
have, assisted, and to whom they 
have looked as the hope and pro- 
mise of the church of God. Many 
a bitter tale of such declension in 
religion, while in college, might be 
! exhibited. At such a season the 
judgment is immature, the passions 
impetaous, literary ambition almost 
boundless, pleasures of company 
fascinating, temptations to fashion 
and dissipation almost resistless 
These, together with the daily in 
fluence of skeptical classmates, the 
low stateof religion amongthe mass, 
the enervating influence of seden- 
tary habits, the corrupting tenden- 
cies of heathen mythology, and the 
fashionable opinion of delaying the 
cultivation of the heart until after 
the college course is finished, all 
combine to allure pious youth de- 
signed for the ministry, from the path 
ol'holiness and inflexible right, to the 
open tboronghfareof sensuality, self- 



j_. 



ishness, and infidelity. We would 
say to every young man, " A col- 
lege is a difficult place to maintain 
a life of consistent piety and fer- 
vent devotion; and you cannot 
succeed unless you Ibrtify your 
mind against temptation, are punc- 
tilious in the discharge of your du- 
ties, and rigid in your habits of 
devotion." Mr. Foster's piety evi- 
dently suffered a loss while in col- 
lege, as he seemed to be conscious 
by some remarks found in his 
' Scrap-book.' We do not find that 
frequent mention of his spiritual 
exercises, and progress in piety, 
which we could wish. We do not 
mean, he did not enjoy any re- 
ligion, far from it. He did as well, 
and perhaps better, than a majority 
of religious students. His natural 
buoyancy of spirit, his strong love 
of friendship, which did not lead 
him, always^ to select the most 
pious, as friends, and other traits 
of character which I need not men- 
tion, and the influence of impeni- 
tent students, will sufficiently ac- 
count for the want of that delight- 
ful advancement in holiness, which 
some did make, notwithstanding, — 
without supposing our dear depart- 
ed friend, specially guilty. 

As a student, he stood fair, and 
was regarded as a respectable 
scholar. He won the esteem and 
affection of his fellow students and 
teachers. It is evident he preferred 
the Languages to Mathematics, 
and the Natural Sciences and 
Belles-Lettres to either. In some por- 
tions of the last, such as poetry 
and descriptive prose, he excelled. 

As a correspondent he was alto- 
gether superior. Possessing an easy 
and graceful style — a good show 
of wit and pleasantry — a lively 
fancy and great flexihilitY ot 



A 



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epi 

A. wo 



thought and manner. The most 
sudden transitions from gay to 
grave, and from the sublime to tlie 
ludicrous are perceptible in his 
writings and correspondence. In a 
letter to us, while teaching, under 
date of November 11, 1837, after 
an amusing description of his 
school, and other things, which 
would provoke the laughter of any 
one, he proceeds : " You speak of 
the duty of prayer — it is a duty 
which cannot be too faithfully per- 
formed, which the christian cannot 
too well appreciate, and without 
which he cannot live in the enjoy- 
ment of religion. It is the refresh- 
ment which the weary traveller 
towards the home of the blessed, 
may feast upon, and have his 
strength renewed, and his hopes 
brightened. He who is weary upon 
the desert loves the green verdure, 
that surrounds the springs where 
the travellers rest, so he who en- 
joys prayer in this world of sin and 
sorrow, may have the same refresh- 
ments which those beyond the in- 
fluence of pain and death enjoy. 
He who has not poured out his 
whole soul in the secret silence of 
retirement before his Maker, has 
not felt the most delicious bliss 
that can come to man this side the 
unrevealed darkness that rests upon 
the silent grave, — ^that of a pure 
and innocent spirit justified before 
its Creator." He read considerable 
in college and took some notes. As 
a specimen of his fine taste and in- 
tellectual gustusy take the follow- 
ing — "I have just been reading 
* Tour on the Prairies,' by W. Irv- 
ing. 'Tis an elegant thing, full of 
interesting incidents and lively 
episodes. It bespeaks a master 
workman as the author— one of 
>ture's nobles. His gasconading 



I little Frenchman is admirably de- 
I scri bed — a real braggadocia. Whilst 
the higher and nobler qualities of 
the half breed Beatte are as finely 
delineated as the most sapient 
critic could wish. Irving, like the 
wild horse of the prairie he de- 
scribes, moves with a graceful mag- 
nificence that none can equal. The 
downfall of * the Bee Republic,' and 
*the Prairie-dog Community,' are 
described in such a simple bewitch- 
ing manner, that you almost think 
the wand of the conjurer holds you 
under its mystic influence." 

During the autumn of 1838, he 
was sick nigh unto death for some 
weeks. After this we think we 
discover a gradual improvement in 
piety. 

Nov. 5, 1838, "Resolved, that 
every day during the remainder of 
my life, I will read at least one 
chapter of the Holy Scriptures, un- 
less sickness prevent, or I am in 
circumstances that I cannot obtain 
them. And Resolved 2d, that I 
will strive to govern my life and 
conduct according to the principles 
therein contained, God being my 
helper." 

Nov. 11." During the last week I 
have been reading Foster's ' Essay 
on a man's writing memoirs of 
himself He makes some good 
remarks upon the subject of self- 
examination. A man should hab- 
ituate himself to look into his own 
heart, and watch his moral pro- 
gress along through life. For his 
own use, every man might well 
write his own memoir; and such 
memoirs should rather be of what 
passes within than of external cir- 
cumstances. Thus a person would 
become better acquainted with his 
own heart, and better fitted to 
judge of his moral condition." 



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283 



August 13, 1840. We find the 
last pencillings while in college, 
" My college life is through. My 
Alma Mater, I bid thee farewell. 
The world is before me, and 1 am 
about to go out and try its busy 
scenes. I am no longer to be shut 
up in the walls of a college, and 
, yet, I feel sad at the thought of 
leaving my class-mates, and sever- 
ing all the ties that have bound 
me here. 

"What success am I to meet 
with on the great arena of life? 
Shall my path be smooth, my way 
pleasant; or must I journey through 
deserts and wildernesses? Shall 
I meet with friends, or must my 
course be cheerless and solitary? 
Shall my life be spent in laboring 
for the good of my fellow men, or 
shall self be the god of my adora- 
tion ? O, what does the dark urn 
of destiny contain for me ? 

" But man is the architect of his 
own fortune. He is not the help- 
less child of destiny. Let the star 
of the future then shine brightly 
on my path. If success be the re- 
ward of persevering and untiring 
action, it shall be mine to be suc- 
cessful. But action must be di- 
rected by high aims, by stern re- 
solves, and virtuous principles. 

"Oh may that Great Being 
who rules the earth and all earthly 
things, guide me along the way of 
life. If prosperity be my lot, may 
I bless His great name. But if 
adversity shall be my portion, O 
may I not repine. Thou, O God, 
art my strength, I will trust thee. 
Be thou the light of my way, and 
a lamp to guide my wandering 
steps. Amid all the cares of life 
preserve me from the bewitching 
snares of the world, and may I 
never give to the creature of earth 



that supreme affection which be- 
longs to thee, O God ! To thee 
belong power, and honor, and glory. 
In thee is every perfection, and 
every adorable attribute. Thou 
art high and holy, and yet dost 
condescend to care for worms of 
the dust. Hear then my prayer, 
and graciously bless, and I will 
praise thee evermore. Amen." 

As might be expected about this 
time, his soul expanded with noble 
aspirations, and he indulged in 
high hopes of the future. His class 
assigned him as a commencement 
exercise, the Poem. He selected 
as the theme of his Muse, " The 
Burial of the Prophet." It is a 
vivid description of the character 
and sufferings, and unknown burial 
of the Prophet Moses, interspersed 
with lively episodes. 

We find in his journal a pleas- 
ing instance of the playfulness of 
his fancy, in his farewell to his na- 
tive State, and his personification 
of, and apostrophe to, the Green 
Mountains. 

We now enter upon the last Act 
of his life's drama. He proceeded 
to Newton, Mass., in October, 1840, 
to commence his theological studies. 
The next writing found in his 
diary, is the following, under date 
of Oct. 26, 1841. " And this then 
is a record of my boyish feelings ! 
About five years since I commenc- 
ed this book, (journal) just after I 

entered college What is 

there of me now, in common with 
me of 1836 ? In looking back up- 
on the past, one thing especially 
have I to regret, that religion has 
had so little influence on my con- 
duct and feelings — I have robbed 
God of my affections, and bestowed 
them on myself — I have neglected 
religious duties and forgotten what 



284 



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was necessary to grow in grace, associates. — profanity, disregarding 
ice. Since 1 began this book, my the sabbath, itc, and after a long 
character has in a great measure and tiresome voyage, he arrived 
been lonned — my character for safely, and commenced his duties 
eternity. What a thought! that as teacher in the Judson Institute^ 
on a few years, so unimportant to Middleton, Miss. For reasons which 
appearance, depends our eternal will be obvious to most of our 
character." » readers, we pass over the time spent 

We find no notice of his first ef- at the South, and find our firiend 
fort« to preach. But in November, returning in the Spring of 1S43, by 
1841, he had an invitation to settle way of Cincinnati and Philadel- 
in Pittsford, Vt, which he de-:phia, and once more resuming his 
clined. ; studies in Newton, for which he 

Nov. 11, 1841. " I have thought oflen expresses an intense desire 
considerably, recently upon the sub- during his absence. Yet, he often 
jeet of prayer, and the readiness of ; makes honorable mention of many 
God to hear prayer, and his promi- of his acquaintances, and of the 
ses to answer tluise who call upon families with whom he boarded, 
him/' He also speaks of delight- . Who can read the following, writ- 
ful progress in studies, of much; ten soon after his return, without 
respect and love for his teachers, j deep emotion ? "I sometimes think 
Of one he says, " He is the least! I am not fit for a minister of the 
objectionable man I ever had for I gospel, and ought not to try it. 
an instructor. I never heard a! What shall I do ? When I try to 
student find fault with him, or i preach I oftien get discouraged, and 
complain of him in the least." \ feel like giving it up, and going 

Dec 20. " Have I piety such as j off* to some place where I can hide 
I ought to have to preach ! O Lord, i myself for ever from the sight of all 



give me grace as thou seest I need 
May I feel my weakness, and put 
my trust in thee !" 

In Janury, 1842, we find him 
preparing to leave for Mississippi, 
to engage in teaching. '' So then, 
I am to bid good-bye to Newton — 
to this Hill where I have spent so 
many happy, and I trust, profitable 
hours. Uow many fond recollec- 
tions cluster around this sacred spot! 
How many associations have I form- 
ed which are most dear to me ! Here 
have I enjoyed myself— enjoyed 
religion — my God, and I hope that 
here I have grown better." He 



whom I have ever known. All the 
way through life it is struggling ; 
up hill, — I see no place of rest^ \ 
none where anxiety and care will ^ 
not come." How true! the world '' 
is full of sharp thorns, and we can- ■ ! 
not move without being pricked 
by thenL But there is an end to 
life's thorny path — ^there is a goal 
to the race, and an immortal crown 
there. Well may we toil and 
struggle on, since we shall so soon 
enter upon that "rest which re- 
maineth for the people of God." 
But really, we have here a view 
of the " inner man," which is by 



sailed for New Orleans on board i no means discreditable to him. 



the St. Louis, Jan. 20. He speaks 
of sea sickness, storms, and calms, 
— complains of a want of religious 



Who of us, have not been exercis- 
ed with similar despondency, at 
some periods of our life ? May not 



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285 



this despair of ourselves^ be neces- 1 
sary, to cast ourselves upon the| 
Lord in such a manner as to secure 
requisite aid ? Our friend is now 
passing through a process of moral 
training which is indispensably 
necessary for a young minister. 
We find more thorough brokenness 
of heart — a deeper experience, and 
a more keen and crushing sense of 
responsibility in view of the min- 
istry. 

May 7, 1843. "For three or 
four days I have enjoyed my re- 
ligious feelings unusually well — it 
has seemed an easier and more de- 
lightful occupation, to be engaged 
in the gospel ministry, than I have 
been accustomed to view it I 
have endeavored to form more ex- 
alted aims and to strive after 
greater degrees of purity of hearty 
— of unity of purpose, and entire 
devotion to God. There are cer- 
tain things in reference to which I 
must use more self-denial, and act 
more like a soldier. I must en- 
deavor to have a more complete 
trust in God — a more child-like 
and simple faith. My shrinking 
back and dread of working in the 
Lord's vineyard, have arisen too 
much from real apathy of heart 
A desire for the salvation of souls, 
has never rested on me, with all 
that awful and tremendous weight 
with which it would have done, 
had I maintained a sufficiently 
high state of piety. Purge me, 
wash me, and make me clean, O 
God." 

Soon after this, he complains of 
a sore throat which troubled him 
much. Preaching occasionally 
made it worse. He now received 
an invitation from the church in 
Windham, Vt., to come and visit 
them. After the anniversary he 



did so, and spent several weeks 
with them. He had many friends 
there, and I am informed, they 
would have been glad to settle 
him, but he preferred, if possible, 
to finish his studies. 

In February, 1844, he says, "For 
the last ten days have had a sore 
throat. It has bled more or less 
for a week, but is now getting bet- 
ter. I exercised it too violently in 
Murdock's exercises I suppose. 
This afternoon have been alone in 
my room. Oh that in such sea- 
sons 1 might hold sweeter commun- 
ion with God, and enjoy more of 
his presence ! I must make more 
of a practical application of religion 
to my heart" 

In April we find him unable to 
study, at home with his brother in 
Whiting. He. labors some on the 
farm, and speaks of himself as be- 
ing greatly recovered in health. 
But alas! it was a delusion of that 
most flattering disease, the con- 
sumption. How it fastens its slen- 
der but fatal fangs upon the human 
system, and deceives the victim 
with fair prospects, until lured on 
by false promises, syren- like, in the 
height of anticipated recovery, he 
unobtrusively falls into the arms 
of death. Thus the subject of this 
memoir was deceived, being alter- 
nately better and worse. — " Have 
become able to draw a full long 
breath now and not hurt me, or 
make me cough. Last week by vio- 
lent exertion I started the blood a 
very little again, but it did not put 
me back much. Think I shall 
soon be able to preach." 

About this time he walked to 

Moriah and back, which seemed to 

I have injured him. ** Came to 

j Hinesburgh to spend a few weeks 

jwith the church, as a supply. 



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Preached once; was worse; hast- 
ened home again." This was his 
last visit in his native town. In 
June he says, '* My case is getting 
to be rather bad ; feel a good many 
of the symptoms of incipient con- 
sumption. God's will be done. 
Amen." He soon after returned to 
Newton, and graduated with the 
class. He now felt compelled to 
go south again for his health, and 
soon engaged as an agent of the 
Am. Tract Society. " O Lord, give 
me love to thee, and a devotion to 
thy cause, and if it can be consist- 
ent with thy will, may I be en- 
dowed with the ability to do much 
in thy name, for the good of my 
fellow men." This is his last no- 
tice in the diary before me. What- 
ever else he wrote I know not. He 
proceeded to Alabama in Septem- 
ber last, and from that time until 
March, when he died, we know 
nothing of him, except what we 
gather from his friends. We sup- 
pose he continued to fail gradually 
until he died. We are informed 
there was a constantly increasing 
spirituality and heavenly minded- 
ness apparent in his conversation 
and letters. After about two months 
he was obliged to give up his agen- 
cy, and prepare to die. He longed 
to live to do good, and said, " No 
one knows how anxious I feel to 
preach the gospel of our Lord. I 
desire that I may be entirely re- 
conciled to God's will in all things." 
His last home was with Rev. H. A. 
Smith, near Claiborne, Ala. Mr. 
.S. says, " The hour of death to him 
had no bitterness. He contemplat- 
ed its near approach with perfect 
composure. He spoke of laying 
himself down to his last rest as 
though it were but a night's rest. 
By him the king of terror was wel- 



comed as an angel of mercy, and 
as he drew near the closing scene 
his hopes of heaven grew brighter, 
and his hold on God's promises 
waxed stronger." 

Rev. Mr. McGlashen, writing to 
the Secretaries of the Tract Society, 
says, '* On Monday previous to his 
death he walked out, and with 
composure and apparent pleasure 
selected a spot where he wished 
his remains to be deposited, after 
which he failed very rapidly, but 
his mind was calm and placid, and 
he * feared no evil,' while passing 
through the dark valley. His sheet 
anchor was cast in heaven, and he 
died in the triumph of faith. 

" His christian faithfulness endear- 
ed him to many a heart which is 
now left to bleed because the good 
man is taken away. I called on 
one family that choked with weep- 
ing when they attempted to speak 
of his friendship and heavenly 
mindedness. He commenced a 
great and good work, but he is 
taken away, and where is the man 
upon whom the mantle of the young 
Elijah will fall." 

" O what glorious views I have 
had of Christ. How easy it is to 
die. I had rather go and serve 
God in his upper kingdom," were 
the words with which he consoled 
his sympathizing friends, who 
thought to soften his dying pillow. 
To a dear friend with whom he 
had anticipated connecting him- 
self by marriage, he writes, " With 
calm and christian resignation I 
lie down to die; with calm and 
christian resignation may you be 
prepared to live." 

** Sure the last end 
Of the ffood man is peace; how calm his exit ! 
Night dewd fall not more gentljr to the groond, 
Nor weary, worn out winds expire so soft** 

Indulge us with a few remarks 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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287 



respecting his character. As a 
preacher we can say but little of 
Mr, F. From a few skeletons of 
sermons found in his diary, his 
great command of language, his 
love of the tender, pathetic and 
sublime, his acquisitions and men- 
tal cultivation, soundness in the 
faith, as well as his piety during 
his latter course, we are confident 
he was capable of writing good 
sermons, even if the feebleness of 
his voice, and sometimes a want 
of perfect self-control, had prevent- 
ed his being a good orator. We 
are not certain but we do him in- 
justice by this last remark: those 
who have heard him can better 
judge. 

He was in fact a young man of 
brilliant talents, and promising 
usefulness. He did not indeed ex- 
cel in everything. Every man has 
\i\^ forte. — Mr. F. had his; it was 
the power of description. With this 
pi/wer of description there was not 
unfrequently blended a liberal por- 
tion of the ludicrous and sportive. 
We challenge even the most de- 
mure and imperturbable to read his 
descriptions and not be irresistibly 
provoked to merriment. 

He possessed great elasticity of 
mind. He could rise or fall with 
ease through the whole octave of 
mental tones. The pendulum of 
his mind was usually describing 
an arc, from the gravest to the 
gayestj from the most facetious to 
the most solemn. And these not 
unfrequently are found in such 
close proximity, as almost seem to 
be irreverent. Indeed, when we 
knew him, he was too much in 
clined to be excessively cheerful or 
depressed in spirits. We do not 
mean he was not governed by prin- 
ciple, but he had not that mastery 



over his emotions, which is desira- 
ble. He knew it himself. Pro- 
priety forbids us to give specimens. 

As a poet he was of no mean 
rank. Some of his pieces •exhibit 
not only flowing verse and measur- 
ed rhyme, but power, pathos, 
beauty, sweetness, imagery, and 
pictures true to nature. He was 
familiar with the classics, and his 
pieces abound in classic allusions 
— sometimes exhibting one injuri- 
ous tendency of the study of them 
— a too frequent reference to an- 
cient mythology, and in such a con- 
nexion as almost seems to be pr.)- 
fane. 

He had considerable self-know- 
ledge. At one time he says, " O 
Lord, I am a fool, and my heart is 
filled with folly. I cannot control 
my feelings, nor guide my steps." 
He saw into the motives and hid- 
den springs of action. He could 
easily dissect character. Sometimes 
he indulged his criticisms too far, 
and became a little morose and 
misanthropic. At one time, on 
being disgusted with the petty 
meanness of some persons, after in- 
dulging pretty freely in complaints, 
he says, " I never knew an honest 
man yet." His judgment was 
good. He loved to commune with 
nature ; he marked the earth, the 
seasons, the green spring, the yel- 
low autumn^, the heavens, the stars. 
At such times his mind soared, his 
affections expanded, and he looked 

" Through nature up to oatore's Ood " 

System entered into all his pldns 
and arrangements. Besides keep- 
ing a journal, we find a "Synopsis 
of Sermons, and Biblical Jnforma- 
tion and Theology, Plans of Ser- 
mons criticised by the Class and 
the Professor." 



288 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fo 



Nature, who is not so prodigal 
as to bestow all her gifts upon any 
one person, had given him a pleas- 
ing rather than a profound order 
of talents. If he lacked the depth 
of some, he had a greater variety 
than many. His mind was of the 
contemplative cast. He was very 
sensitive in his feelings, and at the 
same time independent. If he 
could obtain the good opinion of 
others by a consistent course, he 
would receive it gladly ; if not, he 
would not be likely to take any 
special pains to insure it. He 
would make no very great advances 
to gain the favor of others ; like all 
of us, if his regards to others were 
reciprocated, he was pleased; if 
not, it did not trouble him much, 
although he might at times exhibit 
a little acidity of spirit. Let it not 
be supposed he indulged in moodi- 
ness. On the contrary, he had a 
good share of the "jeu d' esprit" 
and "vivant." There are some 
things in his letters and fugitive 
pencillings which his best friends 
could wish were not written. We 
make this remark, not to intimate 
that there is anything flagrantly 
wrong, but to caution young men 
to be careful what they write in 
scrap-books, albums and letters — 
they know not who will read them. 

" Though of exact perfection we despair, 
Yet every step to virtue 's worth our care." 

He was one of those whose hap- 
piness consists in anticipation more 
than in participation. Without 
settling any controverted point, we 
think it a bad habit to form, to be 
always getting ready to be happy ^ 
and not reaUy making ourselves 
happy in whatever circumstances 
we may be placed. Such a person 
is always in pursuit of what he 



rarely obtains. How true of all 
worldly good ! 

*' That like the circle bounding earth and skies, 
Allures from far, y^t as we follow, flies." 

He possessed a good deal of ener- 
gy of character; "Nil desperan- 
dum" was his motto. On this he 
acted through his whole course of 
study. 

He had a heart of tenderness, 
which was ready to sympathize 
with others. He was a lover of 
good society ; being polite and ao- 
complished himself, nothing dis- 
gusted him more than affectation, 
egotism, or an assuming spirit. 

If he valued any one religious 
privilege above another, it was the 
Sabbath — the quiet, still, NetD- 
England Sabbath ! We have been 
more than delighted, almost charm- 
ed, with the excellent and judicious 
remarks on it, interspersed through- 
out his journal. It pained him to 
see it desecrated. He mourns over 
the want of it during his passage 
South, and laments the loose man- 
ner in which it was observed in 
many places where he tarried. 

It is said every man has some 
"reigning passion." So we have 
thought every man had some reign- 
ing topic, on which his mind dwelt 
with intense interest, and to which 
it naturally recurs when not em- 
ployed on something else, which 
gleams out so distinctly from all 
the rest, as to leave a shining path 
throughout the course of one's life. 
In the subject of this sketch it was 
— Death. We find it in the com- 
positions of his school-boy days; 
throughout his entire career we no- 
tice almost prophetic declarations 
respecting his early departure — 
strong premonitions that his stay 
on earth was short. 



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CYCLOPEDIA. 



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289 



I 

f 



It is a source of great satisfaction 
to all his surviving friends and 
relatives to have witnessed in all 
his letters and deportment, that 
rapid growth in piety, and fitness 
for a heavenly clime which are 
observable during the last two 
years of his earthly pilgrimage. 
The goodness and tender mercy of 
God in this respect, is most emi- 
nently calculated to soothe the 
afflicted soul, and quiet any rising 
murmur in the breast, at such a 
keen dispensation of God's mys- 
terious providence. There is some- 
thing repulsive and chilling in the 
thought of dying a/one, far from 
one's home and friends, while so 
many would have coveted the sad 
privilege of assuaging his burning 
temples, and removing the clammy 
damp of death. But so it is. Our 
friend found it easy to die, for an- 
gels beckoned him away to the 
presence of Jesus. 

The writer (and no doubt he 
speaks the feelings of his class- 
mates,) feels personally admonish- 
ed to renew his zeal and redouble 
his energies in his Master's vine- 
yard, when he reflects that a bright 
galaxy of youth — a Huntington, a 
Castle, a Ransom, a Hazletine and 
a Foster, who were at the same 
time members of college, members 
of the Baptist church, and candi- 
dates for the ministry, have since 
" fallen asleep." We have perform- 
ed oar task^ we have fulfilled the 
promise made to the deceased, with 
too little seriousness, and which 
has occurred to uS with fresh inter- 
est since we commenced, that in 
case he died first, we would write 
his obituary. With all its imper- 
fections, regretting its frequent ai- 
lusions to oorself, we commend it 
to the favor of Him who hath ''de- 



termined the bounds of our habita- 
tion." Rev. A. H. Stowell. 

FOSTER, John. This loarnod 
Baptist Essayist was the elder son 
of John and Ann Foster, and wjus 
bom, in 1770, at a place called 
Wadsworth Lanes, in the parish of 
Halifax, Yorkshire, England. His 
father was a strong-mLiuIed man, 
and so addicted to reading and 
meditation, that on this a(*.couut ho 
deferred involving himself in the 
cares of a family till upward of 
forty. His acquaintiince with theo- 
logical writers was extensive; and 
in the absence of the pastor of the 
church of which he was a member, 
he was ollen called upon to con- 
duct the services of public worship. '• 

Present in the original conven- ' 
tion by which the British and Fo- 
reign Bible Society was formed, the 
elation of his pious joy was mani- 
fest to all, as the venerable chris- 
tian conversed upon the subject, 
and indulged in the bright visions 
of hope in reference to the world 
he was leaving. " The noblest 
motive is the public good," was a 
favorite sentiment, and eminently 
characteristic of his life. At the 
family altar he ahnost invariably 
made particular mention of his son ; 
and the most earnest petition in 
the social meetings held at his 
house was, " Lord bless the lads" — 
including his son and a companion, 
who were always present. The 
mother of Foster was of congenial ; 
tastes, and the counterpart to her 
companion in soundness of under- : 
standing, integrity, and piety. 

From such parents John Foster 
received the elements of his m>ciai, 
intellectual, and moral character. 
As early as the age of twelve years, 
he expresses himself as having had 
a '^ painful sense of an awkward 



290 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fo 



but entire individuality." Till the 
age of fourteen he worked at spin- 
ging wool to a thread by the hand- 
wheel ; the three following years 
at weaving. His associates and 
pursuits were invested with a sick- 
ening vulgarity, and he felt thus 
early a presentiment of a more in- 
tellectual — a nobler destiny. 

At the age of seventeen years he 
made a public profession of reli- 
gion; and subsequently, through 
the advice of friends, especially his 
pastor, Dr. Fawcett, and in accord- 
ance with his own convictions, he 
devoted himself to the christian 
ministry. At Brearly-Hall, under 
the tuition of Dr. Fawcett, he com- 
menced classical studies, and a 
more systematic course of mental 
cultivation, in connexion with a 
few others, among whom was Wm. 
Ward, the illustrious missionary. 
He prosecuted his studies with 
great assiduity in conjunction with 
his accustomed manual occupa- 
tions, frequently spending whole 
nights in reading and meditation, 
and generally on those occasions 
his favorite resort was an adjacent 
grove. His scholastic exercises were 
performed with great labor and 
slowly. His habits were frugal and 
temperate from choice. Referring 
to these in later life, he says : " I 
still possess what may be called 
invariable health ; my diet con- 
tinues of the same inexpensive 
kind ; water is still my drink. I con- 
gratulate myself often on the superi- 
, ority in this respect which I shall 
possess, in a season of difficulty, 
over many that I see. I could, if 
necessary, live with philosophic 
complacency on bread and water, 
on herbs, or on sour milk with the 
Tartars." 

After spending three years at 



Brearly-Hall, he entered the Bap- 
tist College at Bristol, and was 
under the immediate influence of 
Mr. Hughes, the founder of the 
British and Foreign Bible Society, 
a man of genius and of congenial 
spirit, with whom a lasting inti- 
macy was formed. . No one, per- 
haps, had more influence over Fos- 
ter, or aided more his first essays at 
authorship. 

Shortly after leaving Bristol, 
May 26, 1792, he settled at New- 
castle-on-the-Tyne, and remained 
there about three months. 

In 1793, he was engaged as pas- 
tor of the Baptist Church in Dub- 
lin ; and after remaining there in 
that relation eight or nine months, 
and as much longer as teacher in 
a classical school, he became quite 
unsettled in his plans. His recluse 
habits and peculiar style of preach- 
ing, the unconfirmed state of his 
own mind, and his loose opinion 
respecting church organization,- 
conspired to restrict his popularity 
and prevent his being called to eh- 
gible places. In reference to the 
disappointments of this period, and 
the uncertainties of his future 
course, he exclaims : " 'Tis thus I 
am for ever repelled from every 
point of religious confraternity, and 
doomed, still doomed, a melancholy 
monad, a weeping solitaire. Oh, 
world ! how from thy every quarter 
blows a gale, wintry, cold, and 
bleak, to the heart that would ex- 
pand !" 

He devoted himself casually to 
literary pursuits, Until, in 1797, he 
resumed the pastoral relation at 
Chichester. After ministering to 
that church about two and a half 
years, in 1800 he removed to Down- 
end, five miles from Bristol ; and 
thence, after a settlement of four 



Po 



CYCLOPiEDIA. 



Po 



291 



years, through the recommendation 
of Robert Hall, he was invited to 
become pastorof the Baptist Church 
at Frome. It was there, in 1805, 
in the thirty-fifth year of his age, 
that his essays made their appear- 
ance, which, after several revisions 
through successive editions, have 
taken rank with the most profound 
works of E nglish classical literature, 
passed through many editions on 
both sides of the water, and are still 
extending their circulation. 

His ministry having been sus- 
pended on account of a serious dif- 
ficulty afiecting his throat, in 1807 
he became connected with the 
Eclectic Review, a periodical of the 
highest order, originated upon a 
compromise between Low-church- 
menand Dissenters, but subsequent- 
ly, chiefly through Mr. Foster's in- 
fluence, diverted from its imprac- 
ticable position, and made the organ 
of the Dissenters. Ailer the re- 
moval of that difficulty, he con- 
tinued for many years in that con- 
nexion, acting in the twofold char- 
acter of reviewer and evangelist, 
and never again entered upon the 
pastoral relation, except after an 
interval of many years, in 1817, for 
a very short time at Down-end, 
where he had before been settled. 
He, however, continued to preach 
as an evangelist in destitute locali- 
ties, when his health would permit, 
once, and often twice, a Sabbath. 
At one time he speaks of embracing, 
in his itinerating circuit, fourteen 
different places of occasional ap- 
pointment, from five to twenty 
miles from Bourton. 

" The sermons of Foster were of 
a cast quite distinct from what is 
commonly called oratory, and, in- 
deed, from what many seem to ac- 
count the highest style of eloquence. 



namely, a flow of facile thoughts 
through the smooth channels of 
uniformly elevated, polished die- 
tion, graced by the utmost appli- 
ances of voice and gesture." He 
speaks thus of his preaching : " I 
preach, sometimes with great fer- 
tility, sometimes with extreme bar- 
renness of mind ; insomuch that I j 
am persuaded that no man hearing 
me in the different extremes, could, 
from my preaching, imagine it was 
the same speaker. I never write 
a line or a word of my sermons. 
There are some advantages, both 
with respect to liberty and appear- 
ance, attendant on a perfect supe- 
riority to notes. Sunday evening 
(a very wet, uncomfortable night) 
I preached to about eighteen or 
twenty auditors the greatest sermon 
I ever made. It was from Rev. x. 
5, 6 : ' And the angel which I saw 
stand upon the sea and upon the 
earth, lifted up his hand to heaven, 
and sware by Him that liveth for 
ever and ever, &c., that there should 
be time no longer.' I always know 
when I speak well or the contrary. 
* * * * The subject was grand ; 
and my imagination was in its most 
luminous habit." 

His relation to the Review con- 
tinned with an interval of a few 
years till 1839. Through a course 
of one hundred and eighty-five arti- 
cles (one hundred and seventy-eight 
furnished from a.d. 1807 to 1820, 
and seven from 1828 to 1839) are 
given his views of a vast variety 
of subjects, political, religious, sci- 
entific, and literary, comparing fa- 
vorably with the productions of the 
best British essayists. Sixty-one 
of the articles have been republish- 
ed in London, under the supervision 
of Dr. Price, the editor of the Eclec- 
tic Review, in two volumes octavo, 



292 



Fo 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fo 



from which selections have been 
republished in this country by the 
Appletons, under the title of " Fos- 
ter's Miscellanies." 

In 1808 he was married to Miss 
Maria Snookes, to whom he had 
been engaged for five years, and to 
whom his essays were addressed. 
In 1810 his only son was born, a 
youth of slow but much promise, 
who died at the age of seventeen 
years. 

After an interval of thirteen years 
devoted to his twofold avocation 
of reviewer and evangelist, he re- 
appeared before the public as an 
author. In 1818, his discourse on 
Missions was delivered, and soon 
after elaborated, and published un- 
der the title of the " Glory of the 
Age " (republished by Jas. Loring, 
Boston), than which a more pro- 
found view of the magnitude, obli- 
gations, and encouragements of the 
missionary enterprise, has never 
appeared. 

His sermon on " the evils of po- 
pular ignorance," before the British 
Society for the promotion of popu- 
lar instruction, was preached in 
1818 ; and after being enlarged and 
elaborated, was published in 1820, 
under the title, "The Philosophy 
of Popular Ignorance," and repttb- 
lished by James Loring, Boston. 
Sir James M'Intosh, it is said, pro- 
nounced this treatise one of the 
most able and profound works of 
the age; and Dr. J. Pye Smith 
says, " Popular and admired as it 
confessedly is, it has never met 
with a thousandth part of the at- 
tention which it deserves." 

In 1821, he removed to Stapleton, 
three miles from Bristol, where he 
remained till his death. In 1822, 
by invitation of intelligent gentle- 
men of different denominations, he 



j commenced a course of semi-month- 
|ly lectures at Broadmead Chapel, 
I Bristol. After two years he declined 
! continuing them on Eiccount of in- 
I competent health, but finally, after 
I renewed solicitations, consented to 
[deliver monthly lectures, which 
were terminated by the settlement 
of Robert Hall at Broadmead, from 
a modest deference to the distin- 
guished abilities of that great man. 
These lectures have been published 
in two series, and a selection from 
the first volume has been republish- 
ed by the Appletons, New- York, 
under the title of " Essays on 
Christian Morals." 

In 1825, his introduction to 
" Doddridge's Rise and Progress," 
&c., was published, unsurpassed in 
comprehensiveness of view, cogency 
of reasoning, and earnestness of 
persuasion, by any of its class of 
writings. It has also been issued 
in a separate volume, and repub- 
lished, in this country. In 1832, 
his observations on Hall as a 
preacher, appeared in Gregory's 
Memoir of Hall. 

Two hundred and thirty-nine 
letters of medium, or more than 
medium length, of his correspond- 
ence with friends and some distin- 
guished individuals, have been 
preserved, and in connection with 
selections from his journal and se- 
veral articles published at different 
periods, but not before embraced in 
any collection of his works, have 
been interwoven in the narrative 
of his life, edited by J. E. Ryland, 
and republished by Wiley and Put- 
nam, New- York. There is perhaps 
not a biography in the English 
language so philosophically ar- 
ranged, that so fully and variously 
I exhibits the character of its sub- 
ject, and that comprises so much 



Fo 



CYCLOPEDIA. 



Fo 



293 



important truth, useful information, 
and beauty of sentiment. 

After having lost his wife, in 
1832, and one of his oldest and 
most intimate friends, in 1833, he 
was quickened to more immediate 
apprehension of his own end, and 
with gradually increasing feeble- 
ness of body, and dimness of vision, 
but with unobscured intellect, he 
descended toward the grave ; and 
in 1843, in the seventy-third year 
of his age, he departed this life, 
leaving few near relatives, except 
two daughters, who affectionately 
ministered to his declining age, and 
wept over the grave of their illus- 
trious father. Evert's Life and 
Thoughts of John Foster, p. 8-15. 

FOSTER, Elizabeth, the wife 
of Dr. Benjamin Foster, pastor of 
the first Baptist Church in New- 
York, departed this life, August 19, 
1793. She was the daughter of 
Rev. Thomas Green, pastor of a 
'Baptist Church in Leicester, about 
fifty miles from Boston, in New 
England, who was not only emi- 
nent for his useful labors in the 
gospel ministry, but, it is said, bap- 
tized, in the course of his ministry, 
not less than a thousand persons. 
As a physician, he was distinguish- 
ed for his success in the healing 
art. She was the youngest of seven 
children, five sons and two daugh- 
ters ; six of whom made a profes- 
sion of religion. Mr. Foster was 
her second husband, to whom she 
was joined in marriage on Jan. 16, 
1776, and who succeeded her wor- 
thy father in the pastoral care of 
the aforesaid church, in Leicester, 
on the 23d day of October follow- 
ing. Not long after the death of i 
her first husband, Mr. Daniel 
Honey, she was convinced of the 
importance of eternal things, and, 



through Divine grace, found some 
consolation in the glorious fulness 
of the Redeemer. Notwithstand- 
ing the hope she now possessed, 
and could by no means relinquish, 
she was assaulted with too many 
temptations and fears to make a 
public declaration of her faith in 
Christ, and continued in this un- 
comfortable state of mind till Mr. 
Foster's removal to Newport, R. I., 
in 1785. In the fall of that year, 
he was favored with unoonunon 
success in his labors. The Lord 
was pleased to revive his work, and 
particularly to awaken the atten- 
tion of young people. Some were 
led to inquire what they must do 
to be saved ? while others were 
constrained to tell what God had 
done for their souls, and to triumph 
in His victorious grace. In this 
time of refreshing, from the pre- 
sence of the Lord, Mrs. Foster, 
rising superior to her fears, was 
enabled to publicly declare her 
faith in the Saviour, and, in obedi- 
ence to His command, with others, 
was baptized. Mr. Foster had the 
unspeakable satisfaction of perform- 
ing the sacred rite, and of noticing, 
at the time, the most wonderful 
efiects of Almighty power and 
grace that ever had been manifest- 
ed at any season When he was the 
administrator of that ordinance. It 
may be truly said that Mrs. Foster 
was an ornament to her profession: 
her conversation was becoming the 
gospel of Christ, exciting the esteem 
and affection of her numerous ac- 
quaintance. Prudence was a sig- 
nal trait in her character. As she 
was exemplary in her patience un- 
der troubles in general, so, through 
tlie last long and increasing bodily 
affliction, she endured till she ob- 
tained, there is no doubt, a final 



294 



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HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Fo 



and glorious release. The day be- 
fore she expired, she expressed her 
apprehensions of the speedy ap- 
proach of death, but repeatedly sig- 
nified that the prospect gave her no 
uneasiness of mind. The same 
hope and peace she possessed in 
Christ for years past, now supported 
her in the solemn hour. If it was 
the will of God she should depart, 
she was reconciled to the event ; 
and, in the exercise of divine con- 
fidence, she committed her spirit 
into the hands of God. Rippon's 
Register. 

FOSKETT, Bernard, son of Mr. 
William i oskett, of North Crawley, 
in Bucks, a gentleman of good re- 
pute, easy fortune, and blessed with 
a numerous offspring, was bom 
March 10, 1684-5, near Wooburn, 
in Bedfordshire, where he had an 
estate. And as he early discovered 
a taste for learning, he was put 
under the care of a very able mas- 
ter, with whom he soon made con- 
siderable progress. He became ex- 
perimentally acquainted with reli- 
gion, in the early part of life, and 
at seventeen years of age joined 
the Baptist Church, then under the 
pastoral care of Mr. Piggott, in 
Little Wild-street, London, over 
which our excellent friend, the 
Rev. Dr. Samuel Stennett, I hope 
yet presides. About this time, an 
intimacy had commenced between 
Mr. Foskett and Mr. John Bed- 
dome, (the father of our venerable 
friend, the Rev. Benjamin Bed- 
dome, of Bourton, on the water,) 
some years after a respectable min- 
ister of the church in the Pithay. 
The friendship of Mr. John Bed- 
dome and Mr. Foskett was like 
that of Jonathan and David, and 
lasted through life. Mr. John 
Beddome was called to the work 



of the ministry by Mr. 'Reach's 
church, of which Dr. Gill was af- 
i terwards pastor, and was sent to 
i Henley, Arden, near Aulcester, in 
1697, to assist the aged Mr. John 
I Willis, pastor of that church, who 
j died about 1 705. A few years after 
the death of Mr. Willis, viz. in 
1711, Mr. Foskett, who had been 
regularly called to the work of the 
ministry, and exercised his preach- 
ing talents several years, quitted 
the flattering prospects of his pro- 
fession in London, preferring the 
character of an able minister to that 
of a skilful phy^cian, and removed 
to Henley, Arden, a place to which 
his peculiar friendship for Mr. Bed- 
dome led him to give the prefer- 
ence. At Henley, at Bengeworth, 
and at Aulcester, these two wor- 
thies continued their joint labors, 
till the year 1719, when Mr. Fos- 
kett received a pressing invitation 
from Broadmead, to assist Mr. Kit- 
terell, their pastor, and to become 
the tutor of the academy in the 
room of Mr. Jope, just removed into 
the west. This invitation he thought 
it his duty to accept, and, in 1720, 
entered on his double charge with 
great seriousness and firmness. One 
who for upwards of twenty-four 
years served with him in the gospel 
of Christ, and who could not be 
uninformed of his real character, 
has favored us with a biographical 
sketch of him, which demands a 
place in this essay : 

'* His natural abilities were sound 
and good ; and his acquired furni- 
ture, of which he never affected 
making a great show, was very 
considerable. He had a clear un- 
derstanding, a penetrating judg- 
ment, and a retentive memory. His 
application to study was constant 
and severe ; but though he was of 



;i 



APPENDIX. 



HAYNES' CHART, NO. 1. 



or 



BAPTIST ASSOCIATIONS IN AMERICA, 

CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED. 



Date. 



Name. 



I Bute. 



A.D. 

1707 Philadelphia, 
1751 Charleston, 
1758 Sandy Creek, 
1763 Leyden, 

1765 Kuhukee, 

1766 Ketockton, 

1767 Warren, 
1772 Stonington, 
1776 New Hampshire, 

" Strawberry, 

" Red Stone, 

1780 Shaftesbury, 

1782 Salisbury, 

1783 Orange, 

" Middle District, 

" Dover, 

" Woodstock, 

1784 Georgia, 

1785 Vermont, 
" York, 

" Salem, 

" Elkhom, 

" South Kentucky, 

1786 Holston, 

1787 Bowdoinham, 

1788 Roanoke, 
" Groton, 

1789 Bethel, 

" French Broad, 
" Meredith, 

1790 Mero District, 
" Yadkin, 

" Portsmouth, 
" Hartford, 



Pa. 

S. C. 

N. C. 

Mass. 

N. C. 

Va. 

R. I. 

Con. 

N. H. 

Va. 

Pa. 

Vt. 

Md. 

Va. 



Vt 

Geo. 

Vt. 

Me. 

Ky. 



Tenn. 

Me. 

Va. 

Con. 

S. C. 

Tenn. 

N. H. 

Tenn. 

N. C. 

Va. 

Con. 



Date. I 



Name. 



[State. 



A.D. 
1791 

1792 

(i 
l( 

U 

a 

1793 

« 

1794 
1795 

CC 

1796 
it 



1797 
« 

1798 
1799 



1800 

1801 

1802 
I 

I 



1803 



New-York, 
Warwick, 
Goshen, 
Albemarle, 
Shiloh, 

Baltimore, No. 1, 
Do. No. 2, 
Tate's Creek, 
New Riveri 
Windham, 
Flat River, 
Neuse River, 
Otsego, 
Richmond, 
Chemung, 
Ransellearville, 
Fairfield, 
Miami, 



N. Y. 
Va. 



Md. 

« 

Ky. 
Va. 

Vt. 
N. C. 

N. Y. 

Pa. 

N. Y. 
Vt. 
Ohio. 
N.Scotia&N.Brunsw'kB. P. 



Bracken, 

Delaware, 

Cumberland River, 

Green River, 

Serepta, 

Mountain, 

Broad River, 

Cayuga, 

Sturbridge, 

Essex & Champlain, 

Savannah River, 

North Bend, 

North District, 

South District, 

Saluda, 



5^- 

Pa. 
Ky. 

Geo. 
N. C. 
S. C. 
N. Y. 
Mass. 
N. Y. 
S. C. 
Ky. 



S. C. 



! 

J 

2 


HATNES' 


BAPTIST 




Date. 1 Name. 


1 State. 


Date. 1 Name. 


[State. 


A.D. 




A.D. 




1803 Tennessee, 


Tenn. 


1811 Strait Creek, 


Ohio. 


" Cumberland, 


« 


" Muskingum, 


« 


" Long Run, 


Ky. 


1812 St. Lawrence, 


N.Y. 


" Haldimand, 


Can. 


" Teay's Valley, 


Va. 


1804 Lincoln, 


Me. 


" Pee Dee, 


N. C. 


" Abington, 


Pa. 


" Union, 


Ky. 


" Appomattox, 


Va. 


« Mad River, 


Ohio. 


" Union, 


U 


1813 Ontario, 


N.Y. 


" Cape Fear, 


N. C. 


" Little River, 


Ky. 


" Russell's Creek, 


Ky. 


1814 Ebenezer, 


Geo. 


" Stockton's Valley, 


U 


" Flint River, 


Ala. 


1805 Saratoga, 


N.Y. 


« Franklin, 


Ky. 


" Chowan, 


N. C. 


1815 Hudson River, 


N.Y 


" Raleigh, 


« 


" Buffalo, 


u 


" Scioto, No. 1, 


Ohio. 


" Moriah, 


S. C. 


Do. No. 2, 


(1 


1816 Bethlehem, 


Ala. 


1806 County Line, 


N. C. 


" Goshen, 


Ky. 


" French Broad, 


u 


" Laughery, 


la. 


" Red River, 


Tenn. 


" Blue River, 


« 


" Elk River, 


it 


1817 New London, 


Con. 


1807 Barre, 


vt 


" Lake George, 


N.Y. 


" Susquehanna, 


Pa. 


" Steuben, 


(C 


" Green Brier, 


Va. 


" Piedmont, 


Geo. 


" Mississippi, 


Miss. 


" Tugulo, 


« 


1808 Madison, 


N.Y. 


" West Tennessee, 


Tenn. 


" Black River, 


ti 


" PoweU's Valley, 


<i 


" Edgefield, 


S. C. 


" Burning Spring, 


Ky. 


1809 Dublin, 


N.H. 


" MLssouri, 


Mo. 


" DanvUle, 


Vt 


" East Fork, 


Ohio. 


" Beaver, 


Pa. 


" Grand River, 


(( 


" Accomack, 


Va. 


1818 Salisbury, 


N.H. 


" Licking, 


Ky. 

ni. 


" Genesee, 


N.Y. 


« Illinois, 


" Snnbnry, 


Glea 


" Wabash, 


la- 


" Cahawba, 


« 


" White Watef, llo. 2, 


(C 


" Mount Pleasant, 


Mo. 


1810 Cumberland, 


Me. 


" Worcester, 


Mass. 


" Union, 


N.Y. 


" Columbia, 


Va. 


" Ocmulgee, 


Goo. 


« Alabama, 


Ala. 


" Concord, 


Tenn. 


« Nolynn, 


Ky. 


" South District, 


m. 


<* Highland, 


<l 


1811 Boston, 


ALnlip* 


" Muddy River, 


Jll. 


" Westfield, 


C( 


" Columbus, 


Ohio. 


" Franklin, 


N.Y. 


*< Mohican, 


«( 


" New Jersey, 


N.jr. 


181 Eastern, 


Can. 


« Washington, 


Va. 


" Grand River, 


« 


« Gasper River, 


Ky. 


1820 Bethel, 


Ala. 



— ■ — 
ATLAS OF CHARTS, bo. 


3 


Date. 1 Nain« 

A.D. 


1 State. 


Date. 1 Name. 


1 State. 


A.D. • 




1820 Muscle Shoals 


Ala. 


1825 Pig River, 


Va. 


" Pearl River, 


Miss. 


« Reedy River, 


S. C. 


« Union, 


« 


" Abbot's Creek, 


N. C. 


" Louisiana, 


La. 


" Mud Creek, 


Ala. 


" Concord, 


Ky. 


« Shoal Creek, 


« 


" Drake's Creek, No. 1 


L, " 


« Eel River, 


la. 


" Do. do. No. S 


i, " 


" Anglize, 


Ohia 


" Ohio, 


Ohio. 


1826 Bridgewater, 


Pa. 


" Will's Creek, 


<( 


" Big Ivy, 


N.C. 


1821 Northumberland, 


Pa. 


" Chattahoochee, 


Geo. 


" Parkersburg, 


Va. 


" Buttahatchee, 


Ala. 


" Brier Creek, 


N. C. 


" Hiwassee, No. 2, 


Tenn. 


" Huron, 


Ohio. 


« Sulphur Fork, 


Ky. 


1822 New Brunswick, 


N. B. 


» Baptist, 




1823 Niagara, 


N.Y. 


" Campbell Counly, 


ii 


" Old Colony, 


Mass. 


" Meig's Creek, 


Ohio. 


" Salem, 


Tenn. 


" Zoar, 


ii 


" Western District, 


(( 


1827 Salem, 


Mass. 


" Cuivre, 


Ma 


" Berkshire, 


(( 


" Flat Rock, 


la. 


" Cortland, 


N.Y. 


« Salem, 


(( 


" Monroe, 


(( 


« Little Pigeon, 


(( 


« Patterson's Creek, 


Ya. 


" Chautauque, 


N.Y. 


« Mayo, 


N.C. 


" French Creek, 


Pa. 


" Ocklockonee, 


Geo. 


" Mount Zion, 


Ala. 


" Pilgrim's Rest, 


Ala. 


" Hiwassee, 


Tenn. 


" Conecuh, 


(( 


" Boone's Creek, • 


Ky. 


" Obion, 


Tenn. 


" Concord, 


Ma 


" Salem, 


Ma 


" Fishing River, 


« 


« Coflfee Creek, 


la. 


" Salt River, 


C( 


" Danville, 


« 


" Sangamon, 


IlL 


" Michigan, 


Mgn. 


" Little Wabash, 


(C 


" Johnstown, 


Can. 


1824 Wendall, 


Mass. 


1828 Waldo, 


Me. 


" Oneida, 


N.Y. 


" Milford, 


N. H. 


" Broome and Tioga, 


I< 


" Central New Jersey, 


N.J. 


" Onondago, 


(( 


" Ebenezer, 


Va. 


" Flint River, 


Geo. 


" Washington, 


Geo. 


" Yellow River, 


U 


" Columbus, 


« 


" South Concord, 


Ky. 


« Mulberry, 


Ala. 


« Bethel, 


I( 


" Nolachucky, 


Tenn. 


" Union, 


la. 


" Buffalo, 


u 


" Liberty, 


(( 


" Lidianapolis, 


la. 


1826 Penobscot, 


Me. 


« Salem, 


Ohio. 


« Ashford, 


Con. 


1829 0xfoiyl, 


Me. 


" New Haven, 


« 


" Grenesee River', 


N.Y. 


" Lexington, 


N.Y. 


« White Oak, 


N.C. 



4 


HATNES' 


BAPTIST 




Date. 1 Name. 


1 State. 


Date. 


1 Name. 


jSta 


A.D. , 




A.D. 






1829 Twelve Mile River, 


S. C. 


1833 Concord, 


Va. 


" Echaconna, 


Geo. 


it 


Salem Union, 


n 


" Western, 


(1 


(( 


Contentnea, 


N. ( 


" Leaf River, 


Miss. 


(( 


Bear Creek, 


(( 


" Bethel, 


111. 


u 


Tyger River, 


S. ( 


" North District, 


(( 


(( 


Bethel, 


Ge( 


1830 Kennebec, 


Me. 


(( 


Coosa River, 


Ala 


" Worcester, 


N.Y. 


(( 


Canaan, 


(( 


" Livingston, 


(( 


(( 


Tuscaloosa, 


a 


" Houston, 


Geo. 


(( 


Sequatchee Valley, 


Tei 


" Beulah, 


Ala. 


(( 


Mississippi River, 


(( 


" Sweet Water, 


Tenn. 


u 


Salem, 


111. 


" Ten Mile, 


Ky. 


u 


Tippecanoe, 


la. 


" Beaver River, 


(( 


1834 Onion River, 


Vt. 


" Clark River, 


(( 


u 


Canisteo, 


N.- 


" Edwardsville, 


111. 


a 


Monongahela, 


Pa. 


" Apple Creek 


(( 


(( 


James River, 


Va. 


« Kaskaskia, 


<( 


(( 


Beulah, 


N. 


" Spoon River, 


(( 


u 


Central, 


Ge( 


" Morgan County, 


« 


(( 


Tallassehatchee, 


Ah 


" Shiawassee, 


Mgn. 


a 


Duck River, 


Te. 


1831 Franklin, 


Mass. 


a 


Forked Deer, 


H 


" Stephentown, 


N.Y. 


(( 


Cape Girardeau 


Mo, 


" Centre, 


Pa. 


<( 


North Bethel, 


u 


" Tar River, 


N.C. 


u 


Curry's Praire, 


la. 


" Clear Creek, 


111. 


u 


Ganera, 


Ohi 


« William's Creek, 


la. 


1835 Hancock, 


Me 


1832 Barnstable, 


Mass. 


a 


Washington, 


(( 


" Chenango, 


N. Y. 


tt 


Dutchess, 


N. ■ 


" Oswego, 


« 


a 


Wayne, 


a 


" Seneca, 


a 


u 


Delaware River, 


N. 


" Central Union, 


Pa. 


a 


Bradford, 


Pa 


« Liberty, 

" Fisher^s River, 


N.C. 


tt 


Rappahannock, 


Va, 


(( 


a 


Broad River, 


(( 


« Welsh Neck, 


s. c. 


(( 


Focatalico, 


u 


" Mountain, 


Geo. 


(( 


Edisto, 


S. ( 


" Concord, 


La, 


(( 


Appalachee, 


Ge 


" West Union, 


Ky. 


tt 


Chastatee 


(( 


" Franklin, 


Mo. 


u 


Hightower, 


i( 


" Okaw, 


111. 


a 


Union, 


All 


" Madison, 


la. 


(( 


North River, 


I 


" Sugar, 


« 


(( 


Zion, 


Mi 


" Rocky River, 


Ohio. 


(( 


Mulberry Gap, 


Tei 


" St. Joseph's River, 


Mgn. 


(( 


Little Bethel, 


Ky 


1833 Addison County, 


Vt. 


(( 


Blue River, 


Mo 


" Sussex, 


N.J. 


(( 


Salem, No. 2, 


111. 



ATLAS OF CHABTS, fco. 


S 


Date. 1 Name. 


1 State. 


Date 


. 1 Name. 


(State. 


i.D. 


A.D. 






1835 Brownaton, 


la. 


1838 Towalagee, 


Geo. 


'^ Bloomington, 


(1 


(1 


Ebenezer, 


Ala. 


" White Lick, 


It 


u 


Liberty North, 


it 


" Owl Creek, 


Ohio. 


cc 


Liberty South, 


it 


" Seneca, 


<i 


(( 


Noxubee, 


Miss. 


" Washtenaw, 


Mgn. 


<( 


Louisville, 


« 


« Ottawa, 


Can. 


tt 


Columbus, 


cc 


1836 Cattaraugus, 


N.Y. 


C( 


Chickasaw, 


C( 


" Maryland Union, 


Md. 


a 


Lasacoona, 


« 


" Catawba River, 


N. C. 


a 


Zion's Rest, 


(C 


" Lewis Fork, 


« 


tt 


Union, 


Texas 


•* Ebenezer, No. 2, 


Geo. 


(1 


Mount Moriah, 


Tenn. 


" Chattahoochee, 


<k 


(( 


Otter Creek, 


Ky. 


'* Coosa, 


ti 


a 


Des Moines, 


lo. 


" Liberty East, 


Ala. 


u 


Wisconsin, 


Wn. 


" Wills Creek, 


« 


a 


Colored, 


111. 


" Yallabusha, 


Miss. 


u 


Concord, 


« 


" Saline, 


Ark. 


a 


Lordin, 


Ohio. 


" Round Lick, 


Tenn. 


a 


Maumee River, 


CC 


" Central, 


(C 


1839 Piscataquis, 


Me. 


" Middle District, 


Ky. 


a 


Harmony, 


N.Y. 


" Mount Pleasant, No. 2, Mo. 


(( 


Lufty River, 


N. C. 


" Springfield, 


Dl. 


a 


Ocmulgee, No. 2, 


Geo. 


" Bloomfield, 


I( 


it 


Pulaski, 


(( 


" Separate, 


ti 


u 


Rock Mountain 


CI 


" Northern Indians, 


la. 


(( 


Wharley, 


i( 


1837 Taunton, 


Mass. 


u 


Salem, 


Miss. 


" Western, No. 2, 


Geo. 


a 


Primitive, 


4c 


" Oconee, 


(( 


a 


Nolachucky, No. 2, 


Tenn. 


" Upatoie, 


(( 


a 


East Tennessee, 


ct 


" Choctaw, 


Miss. 


ii 


Northern, 


cc 


" Liberty, 


(( 


u 


Liberty, 


llo. 


" Washington, 


Ark. 


u 


Union, 


<• Sweet Water, No. 2, 


Tenn. 


li 


Little Bonne Femme, 


it 


" Stone's River, 


« 


it 


Miami, No. 2, 


Ohia 


« Liberty, 


<( 


it 


Wooster, 




" McLean, 


LI. 


it 


Trumbull, 


It 


" Bethel, 


la. 


a 


Lenawee, 


Mgn. 


" Long Point, 


Can. 


1840 Mohawk, 


N.Y. 


1838 Fairfield, 


Con. 


a 


Advisory Council, 
Three Fork, 


. N.C. 


" Clarion, 


Pa. 


li 


tt 


« Dan River, 


Va. 


a 


Primitive, 


s. c. 


" Tygart's Valley, 


(( 


it 


Lexington, 


it 


" Salem, 


<( 


t€ 


EUajah, 


Geo. 


" Rehoboth, 


Geo. 


it 


White River, 


Ark. 


" Tallapoosa, 


(( 


ti 


Rocky Bayou, 


tt 



HAYNBS* BAPTIST ATLAS OP GHABTB. ko. 



gfiTf 



Ittrnt. 



|Stt«6. 



A.D. 




1840 Union, 


Texas 


" Mount Pleasaot, 


iio. 


" Spring RiYer, 


" Des Moines River, 


lo. 


" VandaUa, 


111. 


" Rock River, 


(l 


" Freedom, 


Lk 


" Union, 


Ohio. 


1841 Saoo River, 


Me. 


" Valley, 


Va. 


" Salem, 


S. C. 


" Little Riv*f, 


Geo. 


" Cherokee, 


Ala. 


" Coldwater, 


Miss. 


* (Xvee, 


Tenn. 


" Greenup, 


Ky. 


" Mount Zion, 


Mo. 


** Davenport, 


la. 


" Franklin, 


SL 


«• Palestine, 


a 


" North Eastern, 


la. 


** Mad River, No. 2, 


Ohio. 


" Jackson, 


Mgn. 


** Kalamazoo, 


it 


1842 Damartoootea, 


Me. 


" W. Mountain, 


N.H. 


*» Wachuset, 


Mass. 


" Chemung River, 


N. Y. 


« East Nevr Jersey, 


N.J. 


" Wyoming, 


Pa. 


'* Tioga, 


a 


" Staunton River, 


Va. 


* Green River, 


N. C. 


" Wetompka, 


Ala. 


« Florida, 


Flor. 


« Eastern, 


La. 


** S. Cumberlaad, 


Ky. 


« Freedom, 


a 


'* Soldier's Creek 


cc 


^ Saline, 


CC 


« North LibeitT, 


Ma 


« Platte River, 


tt 


« Quinoy, 


Til. 


« Wayne, 


JflflTQii 


1843 Providence, 


RHL 


»* Yates, 


N.Y. 



Kto-I 



Ni 



I Sbrts. 



A.D. 

1848 Orleans, 

RappahaniMN^ 

Indian Credk^ 

Salem, U. B. 

Occnchita, 

Mississippi Rhmr, 

Sabine, 

North Gn^ River, 

Sand Creek, 

Bedford, 

Mount Yemon, 

HiUsdale, 

1844 ConnenuHiig^ 
" XJnicm, 

Aberdeen, 
St Francis, 
Davies Conniy, 
Osage River, 
South XJnioii, 
Rock Island, 
Mount ZioB^ 
Chrmd River, 

1845 West Union, 
" Tuskegee, 

Central, 

Liberty, 

Nine Mile, 

Northern, 

Elkhart, 

Montreal, 

1846 Litchfield, 



(4 
<C 
ii 
K 
U 

a 
a 
a 
u 
u 



u 

u 



it 






a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



Clearfield, 
Lebanon, 
YaHey RiVer, 
Ebenezer, 
Salem, 

South Westemi 
Racine, 
Milwaukee, 
South Western^ 
Walworth, 
North Western 
Fox RivCT, 
Coshocton, 
Caesar^ Creek, 
1847 Florida. 2nd, 



a 

a 



a 
a 



a 



a 



N.Y. 

Ya. 

44 

Gea 
La. 

Texss 
Mo. 

la. 

u 

Ohio. 

Mgn. 

Pa. 

N.C. 

Miss. 

Aik. 



o. 

It 

hl 

la. 

Mgn. 

S.C. 

Ala. 

Miss. 

Ark. 

DL 

w 

la. 

Can. 
Con. 
Pa. 
Va. 

N.C. 

Miss. 

Ark. 

Tenn. 

Wn. 
u 

a 

u 

u 

DL 

Ohio, 
a 

Flor. 



A CKONOLOGICAL CHART 



OP 



BAPTIST CHURCHES IN GREAT BRITAIN. 

I. ENGLAND. 



County. 



Date. I Name. | 
A.D. 

1600 Salisbury, Wiltshire. 
1604 Eyethorne, Kent. 
1607 Smyth's, London. 
1620 Farrington, Berkshire. 

1627 Shrewsbury, 1st, Shropshire 

1628 Hailaton, Leicestershire. 
1630 Chatham, Kent. 

" King's Stanley, Gloucester- 

1633 Olchon, Wales. [shire. 

" Little Presoott-street, London. 

1638 Devonshire Square, London. 

1639 Crutched Friars, London. 

1640 Broadmead. 

" Alcester, Warwickshire. 
" Bristol, 1st, Somersetshire. 
" Newbury, Berkshire. 
'* Reading, 1st, Berkshire. 

1641 Great St- Helen's, London. 
1644 Red Cross-street, London. 

" Hook Norton, Oxfordshire. 
DCTAt this date there were 46 

Baptist Churches about London 

certainly — ^perhaps more. 
1646 Dartmouth, Devonshire. 

" Spalding, 2nd, Lincolnshire. 

1648 Plymouth, 1st, Devonshire. 
" Wantage, Berkshire. 

1649 Bewdley, Worcestershire. 

'''" ^:TarJ «"'"-^'"^ 
** Devizes, 1st, Wiltshire, [land 
" Newcastle 1st, Northumber- 

1651 Cirencester, Gloucestershire. 

1652 Abington, Berkshire. 
" Hamsterley, Durham. 

" Keysoe, Bedfordshire, [shire. 
" Llanwenarth, Monmouth- 
" Leominster, Herefordshire. 
" XJpottery, Devonshire. 

1653 Ashford, Kent. 



Date. 



Name. 



1 



Connty. 



A.D. 

1653 

(( 

1654 

(( 

1655 
16d6 

(( 
(( 

1657 

1658 
1659 
1660 

(( 
(( 
(( 

1662 

« 
(( 
<( 
(( 

(( 
(( 
(( 



1683 
1664 
1665 

1666 



Boston 3d, Lincolnshire. 
Peterboro,' Northamptonshire 
Exeter, 1st, Devonshire. 
Melbourne, Cambridgeshire. 
Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire. 
Steventon, Bedfordshire. 
Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. 
Bristol, 2d, Somersetshire. 
Leicester, 6th, Leicestershire. 
Stratford. ) j> , . , , . 
(Stony) \ B^ckmghamshire 

Coningsby, Lincolnshire. 
Commercial Road, London. 
Worcester, Worcestershire. 
Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. 
Blaenon, Monmouthshire. 
Cranfield, Bedfordshire. 
Hitchin, Hertfordshire. 
Southwick, Wiltshire. 
Towbridge, " 
Eldon-street, London. 
Broughton, Cumberland. 
Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire 
Mill Yard, London. 

Pag^^ \ B^^'^i^gl^^^l^i^^ 
Ryford, Herefordshire. 
Tottlebank, Lancashire. 

Hill Cliff, Cheshire. 

Kirton, Lincolnshire. 

Mill Yard, G6od. ) j . 

man's Field, \ ^^^""^^ 

Naunton & ) rti ± i.- 
Stow \ ^l^^^stershire 

Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire. 
Red Cross-street, London. 



8 




HAYNBS- 


BAPTIST 




Date. 1 


Name. | 


County. 


Date. 1 Name. | 


Cotmty. 


A.D. 


A.D. 





1667 
1670 
1672 
1674 

1675 
1676 

1677 
1678 

1679 

1680 
1681 

1683 
1684 
1685 
1686 

1687 

U 



1688 



1689 

<( 
i( 
(( 

1690 



1691 
1692 

C( 

1693 
1694 

IC 



Armsby, Leicestershire. 
Blunham, Bedfordshire. 
Bromsgrove, Worcestershire. 
Broad Road, London. 
Suffolk-street, " 
Alban's-street, Hertfordshire. 
Berkhampstead, " 
Misleton, Lincolnshire 
Smarden, 1st, Kent. 
Hawkhead Hill, Lancashire. 
Morcat, Rutlandshire. 

H^IH^^^P- 1 Hertfordshire 

Downtown, 2nd, Wiltshire. 
Gidneyville, Lincolnshire. 
Warwick, Warwickshire. 
Dereham, Norfolk. 
Killingham, Lincolnshire. 
Frome, 2nd, Somersetshire. 
Norwich, 5th, Norfolk. 
Yarmouth, 2nd, " 
Bridgewater, Somersetshire. 
Tiverton, Devonshire. 
Mill Row (Mil- ^ g^fl.^1^ 

lenhall,) ^ 

Bown, Lincolnshire. 
Fleet, 

Ives, St., Huntingdonshire. 
Crocton, Wiltshire. 
Guilford, Surrey. 
Luton, Bedfordshire 
Yoevil, Somersetshire. 
Bampton, Devonshire. 
Broughton, Hampshire. 
Lymington, " 
Little Wild-street, London. 
Norwich, 1st, Norfolk. 
Harlow, Essex. 
Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire. 
Maze Fond, London. 
Isleham, Cambridgeshire. 
Southill, Bedfordshire. 
Foxton, Leicestershire. 

''^s^l)'! =""«»«'°""^ 

Olney, Buckinghamshire. 



1695 
1696 
1698 

1699 
1700 

( 
( 
( 

< 



1703 
1704 
1706 
1707 
1708 

1709 

1710 
1711 
1713 



1714 

(( 
<( 

1715 

1716 
1717 
1719 
1720 

« 
(C 
ii 

1724 
1726 

CC 

1729 

1732 
1733 



Epworth, Lincolnshire. 
Kettering, Northamptonshire. 
Barnoldswick, Yorkshire. 
Bridlington, " 

EUingham, Norfolk. 
Ashford, Derbyshire. 
Keripton, Leicestershire. 
March, Cambridgeshire. 
Smarden, 2nd, Kent. 
Shiffnall, Shropshire. 
Southampton, Hampshire. 
Sutton in Elms, Leicestershire 
Cloughfold, Lancashire. 
Bridgenorth, Shropshire. 
Cranbrook, Kent. 
Watford, Hertfordshire. 
Colnbrook,Buckinghamshire. 
Risbourough, (Prince's,) " 
Burford, Oxfordshire. 
Chipping, Sodbury. 
Gamiingay, Cambridgeshire. 
Sutton in Craven, Yorkshire. 
Amersham ) Buckingham- 

1st, ) [shire. 

Acrington, Lancashire, [shire. 
Chesham, Ist, Buckingham- 
Liverpool, 1st, Lancashire. 
Ringstead, Northamptonshire 
Roud, " 

Rawden, Yorkshire. 
Walgrave, Northamptonshire 
Coventry 1st, Warwickshire. 
Worsted, Norfolk. 
New Park-street, Sonthwark. 
Unicorn Yard, London. 
Bacup, Lancashire. [don. 
Carter Lane, Borough, Lon- 
Fairford, London. 

Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. 
Ramsey, Huntingdonshire. 
Penygam, Monmouthshire. 
Walkam Abbey, Essex. 
Evesham, 1st, Worcestershire 
NorthamptoUfNorthamptonsh. 



ATLAS OF CHARTS, ko. 



Date. I Name. | 



County. 



A.D 

1734 

it 

1735 
1736 
1737 



1738 
1739 
1741 



1743 
1745 



1750 

i< 
.( 
(( 
(( 
(C 

a 

1752 



1753 

1754 

1756 
1756 
1757 

1758 
1760 

<i 
(( 
U 
« 

it 

a 

1763 



Bratton, Wiltshire. 
Eagle-street, London. 
Over, Cambridgeshire. 
Hall, 1st, Yorkshire. 
Eagle-street, Red ) j^^^ 

Lion Square, ) 
Bermingham 1st, Warwicksh.' 
Downtown, 1st, Wiltshire. 
Wellington, Somersetshire. 
Boston, 1st, Lincolnshire. 
Gamston& ) Nothingham- 

Retford ) [shire. 

Salendine Nook, Yorkshire. 
Barton, Leicestershire. 
Capel-y-flf, Monmouthshire. 
Broseley's, 1st, Shropshire. 
Gildersome, Yorkshire. 
Folkstone, Kent. 
Grafton-street, London. 
Ipswich, 1st, Suffolk. 
Eeppel-street, London. 
Rye, Sussex. 
Soham, Cambridgeshire. 
Warinsgate, Yorkshire. 

<^^^Y I Lancashire. 
Chapel, ^ 

Howorth, 1st, Yorkshire. 
Lockerby, Hampton. 
Bradford, 1st, Yorkshire. 
Little Alie-street, London. 
Potter-street, Essex. 
Seven Oaks, 1st, Kent. 
Halifax, Yorkshire. 
Cowling Hill, • 
Hailweston,Hu- tingdonshire 
Woolwich, Kent. 
Shipley, Yorkshire. 
Blackburn, Lancashire. 
Bingley, Yorkshire. 
Chenies, Buckinghamshire. 
Kegworth, Leicestershire. 
KirbyWood- > Northampton- 
house, ) [shire. 
Leeds, Yorkshire. 
Melborn, Derbyshire. 
Birchcliffe, Yorkshire. 



Date. I Name. | 



Coirnty. 



A.D. 
1763 
1764 
1766 

1767 



1769 



1770 



1771 
1772 



1773 

(C 
<C 



1774 

(( 

1775 

1776 

(( 
1777 

(c 

1578 
1779 

1780 

(( 

a 



Wattisham, Suffolk. 
Bethesda, Monmouthshire. 
Bramby, Yorkshire. 
Hickley, Leicestershire. 

^worthf I Huntingdonshire 

Staughton, ? t> ir. i ,• 
(Little,) \ Bedfordshire. 

Bessel's Green, Kent. 
Chace water, Cornwall. 
Tenderden, Kent. 
Farsley, Yorkshire. 
Scarborough, " 

Caerleon, Monmouthshire. 
Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. 
Colne, Lancashire. 
Maltby, Lancashire. 
Oakham, Rutlandshire. 
Penuel, Monmouthshire. 
Trinity-square, London. 
Bovey Tracey, Devonshire. 
Dean-street, London. 
Hertford, Hertfordshire. 
Longford, 1st, Warwickshire. 
Queensboro', Yorkshire. 
Saffron Walden, Essex. 
Shipston on ) ^xr , , . 
. Stour, (Worcestershire 

Bradley, (North,) Wiltshire. 

Nottingham, ) Nothingham- 

3rd, 1 [shire. 

Sutton,Cold- ) ^.r . 1 u- 
field S Warwickshire. 

Missenden, ) Buckingham- 

(Great,) ) [shire. 

Trosnant, Monmouthshire. 
Clipstone, Northamptonshire. 
Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire. 
Workingham, Berkshire. 
Westmancote, Worcestershire 
Oxford, 1st, Oxfordshire. 
CoUenham, 1st, Cambridge- 
Soho Chapel, London, [shire. 
Church-st. Black Friars, Lond. 



to 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Date. I Name. | County. 

A. D. 

1782 

u 

1783 

« 



1784 

1785 

a 
a 
a 

u 
U 

a 
« 

1786 

(( 
(( 
a 
a 

1787 

(( 
<( 

u 

1788 
1789 

a 

<( 

1790 

(( 

(( 
a 
(( 
(( 
(( 
u 



Halifax, 2d, Yorkshire. 
White's Row,(Portsea) Hamp 
Loscoe, Derbyshire. [shire 
Ogden, Lancashire. 
Road, Wiltshire. 
Towcester, Northamptonshire 
Tyd, (St. Giles,) Lincolnshire. 

''S ! Huntingdonshire. 

Vernon Square, London. 
Row, Middlesex. [don. 

Black Friars, Church-st., Lon- 
Birniingham 2d, Warwick- 
Caldwell, Derbyshire, [shire. 
Castle Donington, Leicester- 
Fetter Lane, London, [shire. 
Harston, Cambridgeshire, 
llkestone, Derbyshire. 
Old Ford, Middlesex. 
Preston, 1st, Lancashire. 

^Stenley!'^''^ *"^ j Durham. 
Breckington, Somersetshire. 

^5™!"^^*""' ! Warwickshire 
Datchel, Buckinghamshire. 
Eynsford, Kent. 
Manchester, 1st, Lancashire. 
Woolwich, 2d, Kent. 
Bluntisham, Huntingdonshire 
Thrapstone,Northamptonshire 
Chapman's Lade, Wiltshire. 
Cosely, 1st, Staffordshire. 
Norwich, 2d, Norfolk. 
Diss, " 

Sutton, Cambridgeshird. 
Truro, Cornwall. 
Waddesden Hills, Bucking- 
Kingston, Surry, [hamshire. 
Langham, Essex. 
Loughboro', Leicestershire. 
Lock wood, Warwickshire. 
Marborough, Yorkshire. 
Sandy Lane, Wiltshire. 
Bedford, Bedfordshire. 
Bottesford, Leicestershire. 



Date. 



Name. | County. 



u 



A. D. 

1790 Walworth, (East,) London. 

1792 Derby, 2d, Derbyshire. 
'' EUand, Yorkshire. 

'' Willenhall, Staffordshire. 

1793 Aylsham, Norfolk. 

" Braybrook, Northamptonshire 
" Battle, Sussex. 

Redale, Yorkshire. 

Boulton, Lancashire, [tershire. 

Bosworth, (Husband's) Leices- 
" Derby, 1st, Derbyshire. 
" Hammersmith, Middlesex. 

1794 Bland-street, London. 
" Blanford-street, " 

" Blackley, Yorkshire. 

" Bidleston, Suffolk. 

'* Leicester, 3d, Leicestershire. 

" Pole Moor, Yorkshire. 

" Wallingford, Berkshire. 

1795 Hull, 2d, Yorkshire. 

" Shore, " [tonshire. 

1796 Barton, (Earle's,) Northamp- 
" Bedworth, Warwickshire. 

/' Buxton, Lancashire. 

" Gretton, Northamptonshire. 

" Somerstown, Middlesex. 

" Wigan, 1st, Lancashire. 

" Wolverhamton,Northampton- 

1797 Maidstone, 1st, Kent, [shire. 
" Stow Market, Suffolk. 

1798 Ashburton, Devonshire. 

" Burton, (Lati- ) Northampton- 
mer,) ) [shire. 

Grundisburgh, Suffolk. 
Harlington, Middlesex. 
Higglescote, Leicestershire. 
" Pendel Hill, }j .. 

(Sabden,) i Lancashire. 

" Sutton Borings ) Nottingham- 
ham, ) [shire. 

1799 Cradley, Worcestershire. 
" Lirerpool, ) j , . 

(Welsh,) 1 Lancashire. 

" North Shields, Northumber- 
'< Rayleigh, Essex. [land. 

1800 Brixham, Deronshire. 






ATLAS OF CHAETS, ko. 



11 



Date. I Name | 



County. 



A.D. 

1800 Bury, St. Edmund's, Suflfolk. 
^' East Combes, Gloucestershire. 
'* Liverpool, 2d, Lancashire. 

" Martham, Norfolk. 

^^ Neots, St, Huntingdonshire. 

" Otley, Suffolk. 

" Oundle, Northamptonshire. 

" itushden, 2d, 

^' Staley Bridge, Lancashire. 

1801 Brienchlv and Lamberher st 
" Fakerhain, Norfolk. [Kent. 
" Uford, Essex. 

" St Peter's, Kent 

" Strestham, Cambridgeshire. 

" Wymondham, Norfolk. 

1802 Brentford, (New,) Middlesex. 
*' Burton on Trent, Staffordshire. 
•' Clare, Suffolk. 

" Garway, Herefordshire, 

'* Guilsborough, Northampton- 

*' South, 2d, Lincolnshire, [shire 

^^ Fenn, Rockinghamshire. 

" PenpoU, Cornwall. 

" Fenzance, " 

'^ Portsea, Hampshire. [wall. 

" Eedrath and St Day, Corn- 

^' Rothby, Leicestershire. 

^ Salehouse, Norfolk. 

'^ Tredegar, Monmouthshire. 

" Thorpe, Essex. 

1803 Brosely, 2d, Shropshire. 

'^ Bxeckham Green, Suffolk. 

^' Dunstable, 2d, Bedfordshire. 

" Falmouth^ Cornwall. 

" Hosforth, Yorkshire. 

" Bishworth, " 

" Saxlijogh^m, Norfolk. 

'^ Sion Chapel, MonmouthsUre. 

" Edlingtoft, Warwickd;iire. 

1804 Beeston, No.ttinghamsjii]^ 
'' Bristol, 3d, Somersetshire, 
" HelstpA, Co^nwaJjl. 

'' IvinghQe, Buckingh^B^shire. 

" Quordon, Leicestershire. 

" Sheffield, Yorkshixei. 

1805 Bxigbrook, Northainptonshire. 



Date. I Name. [ Comity. 



A.D. 
1805 



Yorkshire. 



(C 

u 
u 



1806 



u 
u 

1807 

(( 
(( 
(( 
(( 
U 

u 

1808 

« 

« 
C( 

a 
u 
u 
a 
a 

(C 

(( 
u 

1809 

(( 
i( 
it 
11 

it 
U 

ii 

1810 



Hillifield and 

Long Preston, 
Reading, 2d, Berkshire. 
Kingston, Herefordshire. 
Lessness Heath " 
Stratford, ) Buchingham- 

(Fenny,) \ [shire. 

Swanwich, Derbyshire. 
Sampford, (Old,) Essex. 
Wallonsworth, ) j j 

(Lion-street,) r^^^^^- 
Broughton, Nottinghamshire. 
Chester, Cheshire. 
Gold Hill, Buckinghamshire. 
Owestry, Shropshire. 
Abergavenny, Monmouth- 
Asby, Leicestershire, [shire. 
Coseley, 2d, Staffordshire. 
Millwood, Yorkshire. 
Tring, Hertfordshire. 
Wellingboro', Northampton- 
Wellington, Shropshire. [s)iJUe 
Austry, Warwickshire, 
Blaby, Leicestershire. 
Beccles, Suffolk. 
Hartley Row, Hampshire. 
Isle Abbots, Somersetshire* 
Kengsham, '^ 

Laxneld, Suffolk. 
Stangford, Lincolnshire. 
Sutterton, " 

Tottenham, Middlesex^ 
Walton, Suffolk. 
Wilburton, Cambridgeshire. 
Whitchurch, Shropshire. 
Woodhouse^ Eares, Lincoln- 
Bethersden, Kent. [shire. 
Borough Green, " 
Charsfield, Suffolk. 
Ives, St, Huntingdonshire. 

Swanzey, Cambridgeshire. 
Stockton on Tees, Durhivm. 
Shoultham-str^et, Londo^. 
Bla^enason^ Mpamouth/ihii^. 



12 



HAYNES' BAPTIST 



Date. I 



N&me. 



I County. 



A.D. 
1810 

« 
i( 
(c 
(( 
i( 
(( 
(( 
It 
u 
ii 
ti 
ii 

ti 

. ti 
it 
it 
tt 

1811 

tt 
ti 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
ti 
ti 

1812 

ti 
tt 

ii 
tt 

tt 
tt 
tt 

tt 
tt 

1813 

tt 



Belper, Derbyshire. 
Bromwich, Staffordshire. 
Cray ford, Kent. 
Duffield, Derbyshire. 
Eye, Suffolk. [shire. 

Haddenkam, Buckingham- 
Huncoates, Lancashire. 
Idle, Yorkshire. 
Kenninghiil, Norfolk. 
Keighley, Yorkshire, [shire. 
Kislingbury, Northampton- 
Manchester, 2d, Lancashire. 

Trent ^ I Nottinghamshire 

Netherton, Worcestershire. 
Sutton, Suffolk. 
Uffculun, Devonshire. 
Westbury, (Leigh,) Wiltshire. 
Winchomb, Gloucestershire. 
Bradwell, Derbyshire. 
Bythorne, Huntingdonshire. 
Draycott, Warwickshire. 
Haslington, Lancashire. 
Natishead, Norfolk. 
Forton (Portsea,) Hampshire 
Southwell, Nottinghamshire. 
Warminster, Wiltshire. 
Widbom, " 

Adringham, Suffolk. 
Aldborough, " 
Atwood, Worcestershire. 
Ensham, Oxfordshire. 
Haddenham, Cambridgeshire. 

^m\\ °'' *^* \ Middlesex. 
Highgate, " 

Northall, Buckinghamshire. 
Ebenezer, ) Northampson- 
(Fortsea,) \ [shire. 

Foplar, Middlesex. 
Shrewstown, 1st, Wiltshire. 
Carlton Road, Norfolk. 
Gloucester, Gloucestershire. 
Eingshill, Buckinghamshire. 



Data. I 



Name. 



County. 



A.D. 
1&13 



1814 

It 
u 

« 



(( 
(( 
(( 
(( 
(( 
(( 

1815 

a 

a 
tf 

44 

a 

u 
44 
44 

a 

(( 
44 
44 

1816 

44 
(4 
(( 
<4 
44 
4( 
44 

1817 

44 
4( 

a 

44 

a 
tf 



Lowestoft, Suffolk. 
Ripley, Surrey. 
Street, Somersetshire. 
Weymouth, Dorsetshire. 
Birmingham, Warwickshi 
Bloxham, Oxfordshire. 
Deal, Kent. 
Downend, Gloucestershire 

^pit)"i "»*"'• 

Laverton, Somersetshire. 
Staley Bridge, Leicestershi 
Taunton, Somersetshire. 
Thurlaston, Leicestershire 
Westoning, Bedfordshire. 
Woolston, Warwickshire. 
Audlem, Cheshire. 
Bellericay, Essex. 
Byfleet, Weybridge. 
Goswell-st. Pond, London. 
Hadleigh, Suffolk. 
Holy Cross, Staffordshire. 
Loughborough, Leicestersh 
Oldbury, Shropshire. 
Fill, Somersetshire. [sh: 
Font-rhyd-yr-un, Monmou 
Romney,St.(West.)LQ^^ 

nunster.) y 

Skinners' Bottom, Cornwi 
Wem, Shropshire. 
Wells, Somersetshire. 
Bradninch, Devonshire. 
Framlington, Norfolk. 
Loughton, Essex. 
Oldham, Lancashire. 
Quainton, Buckinghamshi 
Toddington, Bedfordshire. 
Uckfield, Sussex. 
Wadhurst, '« 
Ashley, Hampshire. 
Barstaple, Devonshire. 
Beaulieu, Hampshire. 
Boddict, Oxfordshire, [shi 
Camps, (Castle,) Cambrid 
Cherterfield, Derbyshire. 
Crediton, Devonshire. 



ATLAS OF CHARTS, &o. 



13 



Date. I Name. | 



County. 



A.D. 
1817 

44 
44 
44 
u 
a 
(4 
44 
4i 
4< 

<4 
4( 

a 
1818 

44 
ii 
li 
H 
44 
44 
<4 
44 
tt 
<4 

<( 

44 
ti 

44 

ii 

1819 

u 
44 
4« 
<c 
c4 
44 
4( 
(( 



Chelsea JPar. ) Middlesex. 

awise W .) ^ 
Frome, Sd, Somersetshire. 
Glasgoe, Monmouthshire. 
Hackleton, Northamptonshire 
Henrietta-street, London. 
Humanby, Yorkshire. 
Inskip, Lancashire. 
Lediade, Gloucestershire. 
Madley, Herefordshire. 

Newport, Monmouthshire. 

Newcastle, 2d, Northumber- 

Stadbrook, Norfolk. [land. 

Withington, Herefordshire. 

Argred, Monmouthshire. 

Brayford, Monmouthshire. 

Boston, 2d, Lincolnshire. 

Culstock, Cornwall. 

Chepstow, Monmouthshire. 

Early in Craven, Yorkshire. 

Exeter, 2d, Devonshire. 

Ecton, Northamptonshire. 

Hanslope, Buckinghamshire. 

Hampstead, Middlesex. 

Ragland, Monmouthshire. 

South Shields, 1st, Durham. 

Somersham, Huntingdonshire 

Stoke, (Newing. ) Middlesex, 
ton,) S 

Soho, Oxford-street, London. 

Sutton, (Ash- > Nottingham- 
field, 1st,) S [stire. 

Torporley, Cheshire. 

Walsham le Willows, Suffolk 

Worksworth, Derbyshire. 

Avering, Gloucestershire. 

Brentford, (Old,) Middlesex. 

Chattiers, 2d, Cambridgeshire 

Caerwent, Monmouthshire. 

Fleckrey, Lincolnshire. 

Greenford, Middlesex. 

Highbridge, Somersetshire. 

Lineholm, Yorkshire. 

Magor, Monmouthshire. 



Date. 



Name. 



1 



County. 



A.D. 

1819 

(( 

a 

44 

<4 

44 
<4 
n 
it 
it 
4( 
<4 

1820 

44 
ii 
.( 
(( 
(( 
44 
4( 
<4 

ic 
it 
n 
a 
i% 
u 
4( 
<4 
4< 
44 
(4 
44 
44 
it 



1821 

<4 
(i 



Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. 
Melham, Yorkshire. 
Monmouth, Monmouthshire. 
Nottingham, > Nottingham- 

2d, \ [shire. 

Norton, (St. > « ... 

Philip's,) I Somersetshire. 

Oakington, Cambridgeshire. 
Penrhos, Monmouthshire. 
Ravensthorpe, Northamton- 
Ross, Herefordshire. [shire. 
Rolaw, Shropshire. 
Tenbury, Herefordshire. 
Whithall Heath, Worcester- 
Uley, Gloucestershire, [shire. 
Welchampton, Shropshire. 
Appleby, Leicestershire. 
Alfred Place, Kent Road, Lon- 
Barton, Bedfordshire, [don. 
Bath, 3d, Somersetshire. 
Billensden, Leicestershire. 
Blockley, Worcestershire. 
Chesham, ) Buckingham- 

2d, ) [shire. 

Crewkerne, Somersetshire. 
Donington Wood, Shropshire. 
Foulsham, Norfolk. 
Grampound, Cornwall. 
Hanley, Staffordshire. 
Homerton Row, London. 
Little Leigh, Cheshire. 
Liverpool, 3d, Lancashire. 
Limpley Stroke, Wiltshire. 
Maidstone, 2d, Kent. 
Napton, Warwickshire. 
Netherton, " 

Norwich, 3d, Norfolk. 
Northampton, ) Nothampton- 

2d, ) [shire. * 

Peter Church, Hereforashire. 
Thornhill, Yorkshire. 
Bacup, Lancashire. 
Bideford, Devonshire. 
Chapeford, Yorkshire. 
Haworth, 2d, " 
Heckington, Lincolnshire. 



14 



HAYNBS' BAPTIST 



Date 



Name. | 



County. 



A.D. 
1821 



it 
it 
it 



1822 

li 

a 
a 

a 

a 
a 
u 
a 
u 
ti 
u 

a 

a 
a 
a 
u 

1823 

U 
U 
(i 
(( 

u. 
a 
a 

a 

IL 

•I 
it 
it 

tt 
u 
a 



Lambeth, (Gray's | g^^^ 

Manchester, 5th, Lancashire. 
Slack Lane, Yorkshire. 
Shilton, Leicestershire. 
Teignmouth, Devonshire. 
Towbridge, 2d, Wiltshire. 
Aldwinckle, Northampton- 
Blacton, Norfolk. [shire. 

Chalgrove, Oxfordshire. 

^(Lon^^i ! B^^^kinghamshire. 

Creak, (South^ Norfolk. 
Crigglestone, Yorkshire. 
Dover, Kent. 

Kenilworth, Warwickshire. 
Kingsthorpe, Northampton- 
Kilham, Yorkshire. [shire. 
Lincoln, 2d, Lincolnshire. 
Qsset Common, Yorkshire. 
Suaffham, Norfolk. 

^T^nt,'''' ! Nottinghamshire 
Uttoxeter, Staffordshire. 
Winstone, Gloucestershire. 
Winchester, Hampshire. 
Woodford, Northamptonshire. 
Amersham, 2d, Buckingham- 
Belper, 2d, Derbyshire, [shire 
Boiirton on Trent, Stafford- 
Chamberwell, Surrey, [shire. 
Cotesby, Norfolk. 
Coventry, 2d, Warwickshire. 
Dunmow, Essex. 

Leicester, 5th, Leicestershire. 
Macclesfield, Cheshire* 
Magdalene, Lincolnshire. 
Norwidi, 4th, Norfolk. 

J^y-- 1 Hampshire, 

Rowley Regis, Staifibrdshire. 
South Shields, 2d, Durham. 
Lvston, Queens- ) Warwick- 
boio', 1 [shire. 



County. 






Date. I Name. |_ 
A.D. 

1823 Warden-st., Soho, London. 
" Waldringfield, SuflFolk. 

" Whittlesea, Whittlesea. 

1824 Andover, Hampshire. 
Brabourne, (Lees,) Kent. 
Bardwell, Sufiblk. 
Bardwell, 2d, Yorkshire. 
Bradford, 2d, 

Beaulah, Monmouthshire. 
Brington, Northamptonshi 

Brighton, 2d, Sussex. 
Chatham, 2d, Kent. 
Chelsea, West- ) -Eyr- j ji 
bar-street, ( ^i^dlese: 

Corsham, Wiltshire. 
Earle, (Soham,) Suffolk. 
Headon, Yorkshire. [shi 
Kettering, 2d, Northamptc 
Leicester, 4th, Leicestershi 
Matton, Yorkshire. 
Montacute, Somersetshire. 
Oxford, 2d, Oxfordshire. 
Ferriton, Somersetshire. 
Rowborough, " 
Stroud, Gloucester^re. 
Storham, Sufi'dk. 
" Tipton, Warwickshire. 

1825 Achlench, Worcestershire. 
Blaenason, Monmouthshin 
Blisworth, Northamptonshi 
Canterbury, Kent [shi 
Coleman's Green, Hertfoi 
Trimsby, Lincolnshire. 
Hatton, (East,) '' 
Ickfbrd, Buckinghamshire. 
Liverpool, 4th, Lancashire. 
Milton, Northamptonshire. 
Mirfield, Yorkshire. 
Preston, Lancashire. 
Pin Mill, Suffolk. 
Staines, Middlesex. 
Shelford, Cambridgeshire. 
Westbury, Wiltshire. 
Wpodohester, Glpucestershi 



a 
u 
it 
U 
a 

a 

u 
a 
H 
a 



it 

a 

u 
it 
ti 

tt 
tt 
it 
ti 
ti 

u 

tt 
tt 
it 

tt 



ATLAS OF CHARTS, &c. 



15 



Date. 



Name. 



County. 



A. D. 

1826 

a 

a 

a 
a 
(( 
n 
(( 
u 
a 
u 
(4 

1827 

u 

a 
a 
it 
a 

a 
a 
a 
a 

1828 
a 

it 

I, 



it 
u 



Ashburne, Derbyshire. 

Berwick, Wiltshire. 

Boxmoor, Hertfordshire. 

Gorton, Wiltshire. 

Gravesend, Kent. 

Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. 

Goitre, Monmouthshire. 

Had low, Kent. 

Heaton, Yorkshire. 

Masham, '* 

Mersham, Norfolk. 

Wigan, 2d, Lancashire. 

Alperton, Middlesex. 

Burnley, Lancashire. 

Cubeley, Gloucestershire. 

Folly Cross, Devonshire. 

Peny-y-cae, Monmouthshire. 

Stratford-upon- ) Warwick- 
Avon, ) 

Sopley, Hampshire. 

Stockwell, Surrey. 

West Drayton, Middlesex. 

Yarcombe, Devonshire. 

Addlestone, Surrey. 

Anmore, Hampshire. 

Clayton, Yorkshire. 

Curry, (North) ) Somerset- 

Shoreditch, i [shire. 

DownbumCom.)„ ,. 
(Hampshire 

Landbeach, Cambridgsehire. 
Langley, Essex. 



[shire. 



Date. 



Name. | 



County. 



A.D. 
1828 



ti 
it 
tt 
it 
ti 



1829 



« 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 



1830 

(( 
tt 
tt 
it 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 

1831 



Tedbury, Herefordshire. 
Pontsbury, Shropshire. 
Rumney, Monmouthshire. 
Shrewsbury, Shropshire. 

Chagford, Derbyshire, [shire. 
Cuddington , Buckingham- 
Do wnham, Cambridgeshire. 
Freckingham, " 

Ipswich, 2d, Suffolk. 
Netherseal, Warwickshire. 
Northampton-street, London. 
Shefford, Bedfordshire. 
Stourbridge, Worcestershire. 
Sunning Hill, Berkshire. 
Wincanton, Somersetshire. 
Aston Clinton, Buckingham- 
Bilston, Staffordshire. Tshire. 
Chelsea, College-st., Middle- 
Harwick, Essex. [sex. 

Marazion, Cornwall. 
Manchester, 4th, Lancashire. 
Salter's Hall, London. 
Sidmouth, Devonshire. 
Tittlehall, Norfolk. 
Uxbridge, Middlesex, [shire. 
Henley in Arden, Warwick- 



COUNTY CHART 

OF 

BAPTIST CHURCHES AND PASTORS IN ENGLAND, 

FOE FOETY YEAES INCLUSIVE 
OF A.D. 

1790, 1811, 1823 and 1831. 



Date. 


County. 


ChiuohM. 


Paa- 

ton. 


Date. 


Connty. 


ChaichM. 


Fat- 
ten. 


A. D. 






A.D. 








1790 Bedfordshire, 


17 


14 


1790 Dorsetshire, 


3 


3 


1811 " 


18 


16 


1811 « 


4 


4 


1823 " 


20 


20 


1823 « 


6 


5 


1830 " 


22 


19 


1830 


6 


5 


1790 Berkshire, 


6 


4 


1790 Dnrham, 


2 


2 


1811 " 


9 


17 


1811 « 


4 


2 


1823 " 


9 


9 


1823 " 


6 


2 


1830 " 


12 


10 


1830 « 


10 


8 


1790 Buckinghanuhi 


re, 9 


9 


1790 Essex, 


10 


9 


1811 ♦• 


14 


10 


1811 " 


16 


15 


1823 ** 


26 


21 


1823 « 


21 


18 


1830 " 


32 


27 


1830 '< 


27 


23 


1790 Cambridgeshire 


►, 8 


4 


1790 Gloucestershire, 


17 


13 


1811 « 


7 


4 


1811 


19 


16 


1823 " 


20 


16 


1823 " 


24 


20 


1830 '• 


29 


22 


1830 " 


31 


27 


1790 Cheshire, 


3 


1 


1790 Hampshire, 


8 


7 


1811 


1 


1 


1811 


14 


13 


1823 " 


4 


4 


1823 ^ 


28 


22 


1830 " 


7 


5 


1830 « 


34 


34 


1790 Cornwall, 


2 


1 


1790 Herefordshire, 


2 


2 


1811 « 


7 


5 


1811 « 


8 


i 


1823 " 


10 


7 


1823 « 


6 


6 


1830 " 


13 


10 


1830 «' 


11 


9 


1790 Cmnberland, 


2 


2 


1790 Hertfordshire, 


9 


9 


1811 « 


2 


2 


1811 «♦ 


8 


7 


1823 « 


2 


2 


1823 *« 


14 


12 


1830 " 


1 


1 


1830 " 


16 


12 


1790 Derbyshinv 


2 


2 


1790 Huntingdonshire, 3 


1 


1811 


3 


3 


1811 *' 


12 


9 


1823 « 


4 


4 


1823 « 


13 


12 


1830 <« 


16 


10 


1830 " 


13 


12 


1790 Devonshire, 


11 


8 


1790 Kent, 


16 


15 


1811 " 


16 


15 


1811 " 


25 


24 


1823 " 


30 


24 


1823 ♦♦ 


33 


28 


1830 


M 


41 


33 


1830 


u 


36 


31 



HATNBS* BAPTIST ATLAS OF OHAETS, te. 



17 



Dkte. 


Goimtr. 


Chuiehei. 


Fh- 

ton. 

11 


Date. 


Countj. 


Churches. 


Fu- 
ton. 


1790 Lancashire, 


15 


1823 Rutlandshire, 


1 


1 


1811 


20 


16 


1830 


2 


2 


1823 " 


30 


22 


1790 Shropshire, 


4 


2 


1830 « 


36 


31 


1811 " 


7 


6 


1790 Leicestershire, 


7 


5 


1823 « 


14 


10 


1811 " 


7 


7 


1830 


17 


14 


1823 


9 


8 


1790 Somereetshirei 


15 


13 


1830 " 


33 


26 


1811 


19 


18 


1790 Lincolnshire, 


4 


2 


1823 


30 


26 


1811 


8 


6 


1830 " 


41 


36 


1823 


1 


8 


1790 Staffordshire, 


2 


3 


1830 '* 


36 


25 


1811 " 


5 


6 


1790 Middlesex, 


3 


1 


1823 *' 


13 


9 


1811 


12 


9 


1830 " 


36 


14 


1822 *' 


17 


13 


1730 Suffolk, 


2 


2 


1830 " 


26 


18 


1811 » 


19 


18 


1790 London &Southwark, 23 


16 


1823 " 


32 


26 


1811 *' •** 


27 


24 


1830 " 


37 


30 


1823 " * 


32 


33 


1790 Surrey, 


2 


1 


1830 ** « 


38 


37 


1811 " 


8 


5 


1790 Momnottihshire, 


6 


8 


1823 '* 


15 


10 


1811 " 


13 


16 


1830 " 


17 


11 


1823 « 


24 


28 


1790 Sussex, 


8 


7 


1830 " 


35 


36 


1811 " 


11 


8 


1790 Norfolk, 


11 


11 


1823 « 


14 


8 


1811 « 


19 


17 


1830 « 


13 


12 


1823 « 


31 


29 


1790 Warwickshire, 


7 


6 


1830 « 


38 


29 


1811 *' 


9 


8 


1790 Northamptonshire, 19 


18 


1823 ** 


16 


16 


1811 " 


26 


18 


1830 «* 


29 


20 


1823 " 


28 


24 


1790 Wiltshire, 


13 


7 


1830 " 


41 


36 


1811 


20 


13 


1790 Northttmberian(] 


I, 2 





1823 " 


87 


23 


1811 " 


4 


4 


1830 " 


37 


32 


1823 '* 


3 


3 


1790 Worcestershire, 


13 


9 


1830 " 


4 


3 


1811 « 


9 


18 


179() Nottinghamshire) 8 


2 


1823 " 


13 


19 


1811 *♦ 


5 


6 


1830 " 


19 


16 


182? « 


6 


5 


1790 Yorkshire, 


28 


25 


1730 " 


is 


13 


1711 


35 


30 


1790 Oxfordshire, 


5 


4 


1823 


38 


38 


1811 


6 
9 


5 
8 


1830 " 


48 


48 


1823 


1790 Total in England, 3L6 


25$ 


1830 


14 


11 


1811 " 


476 


406 


1790 Rutlandshire, 


1 


1 


1823 « 


639 


594 


1611 


a 


1 


1 


11830 


(( 


961 


l798 



1 ■ 

CHRONOLOGICAL CHART 


BAPTIST CONVENTIONS AND GENERAL ASSOCIATIONS 


nf 
AMERICA. 


Date. 1 Name. | State. 
A.D. 


Date. 1 Name. | SUte. 


A.D. 


1814 American . Baptist ) tt q a 


1829 New Jersey, N.J. 


Triennial Conv., ^•^•^• 


1831 Michigan, Mgn. 


1820 South Carolina, S. C. 


1832 Kentucky, Ky. 


1821 New-York, N. Y. 


** Indiana, la. 


1822 Georgia, Geo. 


1833 Tennessee, Tenn. 


" Mississippi, Miss. 


" General Convention of ) q^ 


1823 Connecticut, Con. 


Western Baptists, 


" Virginia, Va. 


1834 Illinois, 111. 


" Alabama, Ala. 


1845 Nova Scotia, New i 


1824 Maine, Me. 


Brunswick, and > N. S. 


" Massachussetts, Mass. 


Prince Edward's, j 


1825 Vermont, Vt. 


1845 Southern Baptist ) 
Triennial Conv., ) 


" Rhode Island, R. I. 


1826 New Hampshire, N. H. 


1848 Arkansas, Ark. 


" Ohio, Ohio. 


" Texas, Tex. 


1827 Pennsylvania, Pa. 


1849 Canada Baptist Union. 


CHRONOLOGICAL CHART 


BAPTIST CHURCHES IN AMERICA, 


CONSTITUTED BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. 


Date. 1 Name. | State. 
A.D. 


Date. 1 Name. | State. 


A.D. 


1638 Dover, N. H. 


1680 South Kingston, R. I. 


1639 Providence, R. L 


1682 Kittery, Me. 


1644 Newport, 1st, 


1683 Charleston, S. C. 


1656 Do. 2d, 


1684 Cold Spring, Pa. 


1663 Swansea, 1st, Mass. 


1685 Tiverton, 1st, R. I. 


1665 Boston, Ist, " 


1688 Middletown, N. J. 


" North Kingston, R.I. 


1689 Lower Dublin, Pa. 


1671 Newport, 7th Day, 


" Pisoataway, N. J. 



ATLAS OF CHARTS. &». 



19 



Date. I 



Name. 



State. 



A. D. 

1690 

1693 

1698 

1701 

1705 

1706 

1708 
1710 
1711 
1712 
1714 
1715 

1719 
1724 
1725 



1726 

1727 
1729 
1730 
1732 

1734 
1735 
1736 

1737 



1738 
1739 



1740 
1742 



1743 



Cohansey, N. J. 

Swansea, 2d, Mass. 

Philadelphia, 1st, Pa. 

Welsh Tract, Del. 

Groton, Con. 

Piscataway, N. J. 

Smithfield, R. I. 
Piscataway, 7th Day, N. J. 

Hopkinton, R. I. 

North Kingston, " 

Great Valley, Pa. 

Cape May, N. J. 
Burley, Isle of Wight, Va. 

Hopewell, 1st, N. J. 

Brandywine, Pa. 

Montgomery, " 

New-York, 1st, N. Y. 

Scituate, R. I. 

Richmond, *' 

Warwick, " 

French Creek, Pa. 

New London, Con. 

Shiloh on Chowan, N. C. 

Deep Creek, Surry, " 

Indian Town, Md. 

Cumberland, R. I. 
Oak Swamp, Rehoboth, Mass. 

Shiloh, N. J. 

Sutton, Mass. 
South Brimfield, 

Stono, Charleston, S.* C. 

Ashley River, " 

Leicester, Mass. 

Shiloh, 2d, N. J. 

Cohansey, " 

Welsh Neck, S. C. 

Stonington, Con. 

North River, Va. 
Southington and Far- ) q 

mington, ) 

West Springfield, " 

Kingwood, N. J. 

Chesnut Ridge, Md. 

Fishkill, N. Y. 

Kehukee, N. C. 

Boston, 2d, Mass. 



Date. I 



Name. 



State- 



A.D. 




1743 East Greenwich, 


R.L 


" Opecon, 


Va. 


" Colchester, 1st, 


Con. 


'' Waterford, 


« 


" North Stonington, 1st 


9 


1745 Euhaw, 


s. c. 


" Hightstown, 


N.J. 


" New Salem, 


Va. 


1746 Southampton, 


Pa. 


1747 Scotch Plains, 


N.J. 


" King-street, 


Con. 


" Horseneck, 


« 


'' Farmington, 


it 


1748 Oyster Bay, 


N. Y. 


1749 Sturbridge, 


Mass. 


1750 Bellingham, 


« 


" Exeter, 


R.I. 


" Westerly, 1st, 


(( 


" Killingly, 


Con. 


" Thompson, 


a 


" Mountville, 


u 


'* Sandy Run, 


N.C. 


*' Shiloh, 


U 


1751 North East, 


N.Y. 


" Stratfield, 


Con. 


1752 Lyme, 


a 


" Morristown, 


N.J. 


** Coventry, 


R.L 


1753 Schooley's Mountain, 


N.Y. 


" Rehoboth, 


Mass. 


1754 Konoloway, 


Pa. 


'* New Britain. 


it 


'* Harford, 


Md. 


1755 Axol, 


Va. 


'' Ready Creek, 


N.C. 


" Sandy Creek, 


a 


" Kehukee, 


a 


*• Fishing Creek, 


a 


" Pipe Creek, 


s. c. 


" Meriden, 


Con. 


" Newtown, 


N, H. 


" Saybrook, 


Con. 


•' Salem, 


N.J. 


1756 Ketockton, 


Va. 


'* Smith's, 


11 


" Toisnot, 


N.C. 



so 


HAYNBS 


• BAPl'IST 




Date. 1 Name. 


SUte. 


Date. 1 Name. | 


Stata. 


A. D. 




A. D. 




1756 Bull Tail, 


N. C. 


1765 New Valley, 


Va. 


" Lynville, 


Va. 


" North Stonington, 2d 


, Coo. 


" Newport, 


R.L 


" Groton, 


i( 


" Middleborough, lat, 


Mass. 


1766 Ketockton, 


Va. 


« Wantage, 1st, 


N.J. 


" Chappawamsick, 


it 


1757 Dover, 


N.Y. 


" Upper Freehold, 


N.J. 


" Falls Tar River, 


N. C. 


" Woodstock, 1st, 


Con. 


" Camden, 


(( 


" Warwick, 


N.Y. 


" Middleborough, 2d, 


Mass. 


" Scituate, 


R. L 


« West Harwich, 


<( 


1767 Clinch River, 


Tenn. 


1759 Sandy Creek, 


N. C. 


« Glade Hollow, 


ii 


** Jersey Settlement, 


U 


" Craig's 


Va. 


" Red Banks, 


a 


<' Goose Creek, 


f( 


*' Mill Creek, 1st, 


Va. 


" Mount Bethel, 


N.J. 


1759 Coosawhatchie, 


s. c. 


" New London, 


Con. 


" Stamford, 


N.Y. 


1768 Madbury, 


N.H. 


*' Cohary, 


N. C. 


" Little River, 


Va. 


1760 Saybrook, 


Con. 


" Weares, 


U 


" Abbot's Creek, 


Va. 


" Wilbraham, 


Mass. 


« Forks Little River, 


N. C. 


" Hardwick, 


u 


1761 Ashfield, 1st, 


Mass. 


'• Berwick, 1st, 


N.H. 


*« Middleborough, 3d, 


(( 


" Enoree, 


S. C. 


" Taunton, 


it 


" Shaftesbury, 


Con. 


" Pittsgrove, 


« 


" Shaftesbury, 


Vt 


'* Dividing, Creek, 


N.J. 


1769 Attleborough, 


MiELSS. 


1762 Broad Run, 


Va. 


" Cheshire, 1st, 


u 


*' Grassy Creek, 


N. C. 


" Wrentham, 


u 


« Charlton, 


Mass. 


«• Waller's, 


Va. 


" Dividing Creek, 


N.J. 


" Blue Run, 


M 


" New- York, 7th Day, 


N.Y. 


". Little River, 


<C 


« StUlwater, 


(( 


" Lower Spotsylvania^ 


ti 


" Rehoboth, 2d, 


Con. 


" Lyon's Farm, 


N.J. 


1763 SackvUle, 


N. B, 


" Suffield, 


Con. 


*• Haverhill, 


Mass. 


1770 Brentwood, 


N.H. 


1764 Berwick, 


Me. 


" Bethel, New-YorkCity N. Y. 


" Cranston, 


B.I. 


" Chesterfield, 


N.H. 


« Newport, 3d, 


(( 


" Hinsdale, 


a 


*' Wanen, 


((' 


" Richmond, 


u 


** Pemberton, 


N.Y. 


" Mahahawkin, 


N. X 


'* New Mills, 


N.J. 


« Mm Creek, 2d, 


Va. 


1765 Congaree, 


s. C. 


" South River, 


It 


« Upper Fair Forest, 


ti 


" Mine Creek, 


S. C. 


" Grassy Creek, 


N.C. 


" Bush Rivet, 


u 


" Haverhill, 1st, 


Mass. 


« Stephen's Creek, 


il 


" Martha's Vineyard, 


« 


" Uniontown, 


Pa 


" Montague and Leverett, " 


*« Vincent, 


tt 



ATLAS OF OHABTS, kc. 


21 


Date. 1 Name. | 
A. D. 


State. 


Date. 


1 Name. | 


State. 


A. D. 






1770 Westerly, 2d, 


R. L 


1772 Brent Town, 


Va. 


1771 Saluda, 


S. C. 


it 


Upper Essex, 


ti 


" Burch River, 


(( 


it 


Pittsfield, 


N.Y. 


" Little River, 1st, 


(C 


it 


High HUls Santee 


S. C. 


« Do. do. 2d, 


(C 


« 


Healing Springs, 


tt 


" Shanando, 


Va. 


(( 


North Berwick, 


Me. 


" Upper Orange, 


a 


it 


New Salem, 


Mass. 


•* Amherst, 


ti 


it 


Eiokee, 


Geo. 


'* Buckingham, 


li 


tt 


Sandbomton, 


N.H. 


« Bedford, 


u 


it 


Sandford, 


(( 


" Blackwater, 


a 


tt 


Gilmanton, 


ii 


" Buck Marsh, 


a 


177S 


\ Appomattox, 


Va. 


*' County Line, 


a 


tt 


Burruss', 


tt 


" Culpepper, in Orange, 


ti 


tt 


Catawba, 


€i 


*' Carter's Run, 


u 


ti 


Carter's Run, 


tt 


" Dover, 


a 


tt 


Dover, 


ti 


" Dan River, 


It 


tt 


Ebenezer, 


" Falls Creek, 


it 


u 


Great Bridge, 


C( 


" Licking Hole, 


ti 


(( 


James City, 


tt 


" Louisa, 


it 


u 


Malone's, 


tt 


" Meherrin, 


It 


ti 


Reed's, 


ti 


" Middle Spotsylvania, 


ti 


tt 


Botsford's M. .H 


G«o. 


" Middle Orange, 


« 


tt 


Upper Bannister, 
Middle Fork Saluda, 


Va. 


" Tuckahoe, 


N.J, 


tt 


S. C. 


" Nottoway, 


It 


tt 


Goshen, 


Pa. 


" Johnston, 


B.L 


tt 


Ten-mile, 


« 


•* Westmoreland, 


N.H. 


tt 


Peter's Creek, 


i< 


« Barnstable, 


MasSe 


ti 


Horton, 


N.B. 


" Wales, 


u 


tt 


Bertie, 


N. C. 


« Cheshire, 2d, 


a 


tt 


Fredericktown, 


Md. 


" Lamborough, 


a 


ti 


Old Seneea, 


ic 


« Chelmsford, 


a 


ti 


Meherrin, 


N.C. 


" Hopkinton, 


N.H. 


it 


James' City, 


Vs. • 


" Brentwood, 


<( 


tt 


Reed's, 


U 


« Haw River, 


N. C. 


tt 


Bqiqs' 


it 


'* Cashie, 


u 


tt 


Fownal, 


Con. 


" GooohJftnd, 


Va. 


a 


Fownal, Ist, 


Vt; 


« Pittsgrove, 


N.J. 


tt 


Stamford, 


Con. 


1772 Blue Stone, 


Va. 


tt 


New Sjavaoaafa, 


Geo. 


" Glebe Landing, 


tt 


a 


Westmoreland, 


N.H. 


« Thumb Run, 


it 


1774 Ashford, 2d, 


Con. 


^ Lower Kiag and Queen " 


(c 


Richmond, 


R. L 


« Norfolk, 


u 


tt 


Harford, 


Md. 


" Dighton, 


Mass. 


tt 


Guineas, 


Va. 


" Frederiokstown, 


N.Y. 


tt 


North Famunkey, 


u 


" Rocks, 


Va. 


tt 


Providence, 


u 



22 HATNBS* BAPTIST 




Date. 1 Name. | State. Date. | Name. 


State. 


A. D. 


A.D. 




1774 Occoquon, Va. 


1775 Pigeon Creek, 


Pa. 


" Piscataway, ' 




" Loyal Hanna, 


(( 


" Hartwood, *' 




" Turkey, Foot, 


a 


" Upper King and Queen, *' 




" Pipe Creek, 


S. G 


<« Tuckaho, 




" Treadaway, 


u 


" White House, ' 




" Yeopin, 


N. C. 


'* Lemproire's Creek, " 




" Tabb's Creek, 


U 


" Fork Union, " 




" Stonington borough, 


Con, 


" Hunting Creek, " 




« Suffield, 


u 


" Matthew's, " 




" Uppei: College, 


Va. 


« Upper College, « 


'• Exol, 


It 


« Sandy Creek, N. C. 


" Matthews, 


it 


" Rock Swamp, N. C. 




A CHRONOLOGICAL CHART 




OF 

BAPTIST CHURCHES IN AMERICA: 


CONSTITUTED DUHTNG THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 




Date. 1 Name. | Sute. 


Date. 1 Name. | 


State. 


A.D. 


A. D. 




1776 Chickahominy, Va. 


1776 Hampton, 


Con. 


" Back Lick « 


" Killingly, 


(( 


" Charles City, 


" Ashford, 3d, 


tt 


" Reedy Creek, " 


1777 Grafton, 


Va. 


" Occoquon, " 


•' Black Creek, 


tt 


" Lickiiig Hole, 


<* Tussekiah, 


tt 


« Gapway, S. C. 


" Tommahawk, 


it 


" Upper Lynch's Creek, " 


" Lunie's Creek, 


tt 


" Upper F. T. Creek, 


" Scarrot's, 


tt 


« Sandy River, 


" Little River Creek, 


Geo. 


" Flat Swamp, N. C. 


" Upper Duncan's Creek, S. C. 


« Rocky River, (Anson) N. C. 


" Edisto, 


(( 


" Medfield, Mass. 


« Buffalo, 


N. C. 


" Harvard, « 


" Forks of Yough, 


Pa. 


" Scituate, R. I. 


" Forks of Cheat, 


tt 


" Foster, 


« Wolf Island, 


N. C. 


" Upper Freehold, N.J. 


" Abbot's Creek, 


tt 


" ComwalUs, N. S. 


" Flat River, 


tt 


" Redstone, Pa. " Little Brier Creek, 


Geo. 

'• 



1 c 

ATTiAS OF CHARTS, &o. 


23 


Data. 1 Name. | 


SUte. 


Date. 


1 Name. | 


State. 


A. D. 




A. D. 






1778 Moratico, 


Va. 


178C 


I Willington, 


R.L 


" Skinquarter, 


a 


u 


Litchfield, 


Con. 


" F. T. 


(C 


ti 


Burlington, 


a 


" Wilderness, 


a 


ti 


Colchester, 


ti 


" South Kingston, 


R.I. 


n 


Wolcott and Bristol, 


tt 


" Gloucester, 


(( 


a 


Salisbury, 


Md. 


" Ebenezer, 


S.C. 


a 


Broad Creek, 


a 


'* Massaponax, 


Va. 


U 


Wallingford, 


Vt. 


" Deep Creek, 


s. c. 


a 


Guilford, 1st, 


u 


" Lockwood's Folly, 


N. C. 


tt 


Shaftesbury, 2d, 


a 


" Deep Creek, 


a 


U 


Guilford, 


N.H. 


" Newport, 


a 


U 


Wells, 1st, 


fC 


" Green River, 


H 


ti 


Newport and Croydoni ^ || 


'* Marlow, 


N.H. 


« 


Rumney, 


It 


" Canaan, 1st, 


N. Y. 


ti 


Canterbury, 


ii 


" Galway, 


U 


ti 


London, 


fi 


" Cambridge, 


U 


it 


Chichester, 


<4 


" Yarmouth, 


N. B. 


a 


Meredith, 


ii 


" Tucker's Swamp, 


Va. 


a 


Mouth Uhary, 


N.C. 


" Musterfield, 


(( 


a 


Cowenjock, 


a 


" Massongo, 


(( 


tt 


London Tract, 


Del. 


" Western Branch, 


(( 


tt 


Sandbornton, 


(( 


^' Canaan, 1st, 


N.Y. 


a 


Fishkill, 


N.Y. 


1779 Chatham & Haddam, 


Con. 


a 


Berlin, 


u 


" Buck Creek, 


S. C. 


It 


Bufialo Ridge, 2d, 


Tenu. 


" Roaring River, 


N. C. 


1781 Sailor Creek, ' 


Va. 


" Great 9 Partners, 


N.Y. 


u 


Timber Ridge, 


ii 


1780 Columbia, Barnwell, 


S. C. 


a 


Durban's Creek, 


s. c. 


" Catawba, 


Va. 


a 


Greenbrier, 


a 


« Bethel, 


it 


a 


Hilltown, 


Pa. 


" Richmond, 1st, 


a 


a 


Nomini, 


a 


" Sandford, 


Me. 


ti 


Tiverton, 2d, 


R.L 


" Leyden, 


Mass. 


a 


Ballard's Bridge, 


N.C. 


" Shutesbury, 


a 


a 


River Creek, 


ii 


" Newtown, 


a 


ti 


Wobum, 


Mass. 


*' Chesterfield, 


a 


it 


Fall River, 


41 


« Tisbury, Martha's } 


a 


a 


Wendell, 


ii 


Vineyard, jj 




tt 


Adams, 


u 


'* Sloughton, 


u 


tt 


Lanesboro, 


i( 


" Randolph, 
" Holmes^ Hole, 


u 


It 


Pittsfield, 


Ci 


i* 


ti 


Sandisfield, 


ii 


" Colraine, 1st, 


li 


It 


Ashford, 


a 


" New Shoreham, 


R.I. 


u 


West Bridge, 


ii 


^ West Greenwich, 


a 


ii 


Harwich, 


a 


" North Kingston, 


ti 


a 


Manchester, 


Vt. 


'* Block Island, 


a 


a 


Cow Marsh, 


Del. 



S4 



HAYNBS' BAPTIST ATLAS OF OHABTS, &». 



Date. 


I Name. | 


State. 


A. D. 






1791 Duck Creek or Bryn- 
zion, 


Del. 


K 


Fowling Creek, 


Md. 


CC 


Cedar Creek, 


Ky. 


CC 


Severn's Valley, 


u 


C« 


Canaan, 


N. H. 


il 


Shapleigh, 


C( 


li 


Red Creek, Aberleen 


, Geo. 


a 


Nolyn, 


Ky. 


178S 


I County Line, 


Va. 


a 


Fox Creek, 


(( 


it 


North Fork, 


(( 


li 


BookLiok, 


(( 


i* 


Vienna, Dorchester, 


Md. 


it 


Cliei-aw Hills, 


S. C. 


u 


Gravelly Branch, > 
Sussex, I 


Del. 


iC 


Beauty Spot, 


N. C. 


4C 


Bill's Cieek, 


CC 


u 


Bowdoinham, 1st, 


Me. 


u 


Fishing Creek, 


Geo. 


*i 


Wells, 


« 


u 


Sutton, 2d, 


Mass. 


a 


Meredith, 


N. H. 


fC 


Rumney, 


CC 


«i 


Sutton, 


ii 


a 


Lyman, 
Weare, lit, 


CC 


a 


CC 


a 


Temple, 


a 


a 


Templeton, 


Mass. 


u 


Quidnesset, 


R.L 


ii 


North Kingston, 


(C 


n 


Fishing Creek, 2d, 


Geo. 


u 


Guilford, (United) 


Vt 


u 


Middletown, 


CC 


it 


Ira, 


CC 



Date. I 



Name. 



A. D. 






17»2 Bridgewater, 


\ 


ii 


Poultney, 


• 


ii 


Westminster, Wind* 


f ■■ 




ham county, 


a 


Fishkill, 


N. 


ii 


Pottskill, 


( 


ii 


BattenkiU, 


( 


ii 


Cedar Fork, 


K^ 


a 


Severn's Valley, 


H 


a 


Onslow, 


N. 


1783 Childry, 


Va 


(( 


North Fork, Holston 


, T< 


<C 


Hungo's, 


Va 


tt 


South River, 


ii 


CC 


Happy Creek, 


ii 


ii 


Indian Creek, 


ii 


ii 


Swift Creek, 


s. 


ii 


Dummerston, 


VI 


ii 


Corinth and Vershire, Vi 


ii 


Fittsford, Rutland, 


( 


ii 


Athens, Windham, 


( 


a 


Mispillion, 


De 


a 


Indian River, (Sussex,) * 


a 


Choigia, 


G€ 


ii 


Cherokee, 


Te 


a 


Canaan, Grafton, 


N. 


a 


Gilbert's Crpek, 


Ky 


ii 


Mortemuskeet, 


n: 


a 


Black Creek, 


<i 


a 


County Line, 


(< 


it 


Chatham, Middlesex, C( 


ii 


Granville, Washing- 
ton, 


Sn. 


a 


Lower Southfield, 


|P. 




Northampton, 



74 



GBONOL06I0AL GHAST 

OF 

BAPTIST CHURCHES IN AMERICA, 

CONSTITUTED SUBSEQUENTLY TO THE REVOLUTION, 

AFTER A. D. 1783 AND BEFORE A. D. 1789, 
UP TO WASHINGTON'S INAUGURATION AS PRESIDENT. 



Date. I Church. | County. | State. 



A. D. 

1784 



a 
(c 
a 
u 
a 

a 
a 

C( 

U 
(( 
it 
u 
it 
u 

it 

u 
it 

ii 



it 
ii 
ii 

ii 



Edgecombe, Wool- ) « 

wich, Georgetown, ^ "^^**^- 
Little River, Cumber- / <^ 

land, I 

Harpswell,Cumberland, " 
Westfield, Hampshire, " 
Bowdoinham, Lincoln, *' 
Sterling, " " 

Colchester, 2d, New f ^ 

London, \ ^''''' 

Stonington,4th, *« 
Halifax, Bennington, Vt. 
Clarendon, Rutland, " 
Royalton, Windsor, " 
Fishkills, 2d, Dutchess,N. Y. 
Pittstown, Rensellaer, ** 
Stephentown, " " 

Brookfield, Ulster, " 

York Town, Westchester *' 
Mount Moriah, Fayette, Fa. 
Duck Creek, or Bryn- > p. i 

zion, Kent, J ^®^- 

Baltimore, Baltimore, Md. 
TomahawkjChesterfieldjVa. 
Blackwater Creek, > «« 

Norfolk, S 

Eastern Shore, Frin- 

cess Ann, 
Finey Branch, Spot- ) ^^ 

sylvania, ) 

Baregrass, Jefferson, Ky. 
Gk)ose Creek, Craven, N. C 
Swift Creek, " " 

Turkey Creek oh Sa- ) q p 

ludaRiver, Abbeville ) ^- ^• 



Date. 



Church. 



County. I State. 



A. D. 
1784 



-1" 



a 

n 

1785 

ii 
ii 
ii 

u 
ii 

ii 
ii 
a 
a 
ii 



ii 
ii 

ii 



a 
a 

ii 
a 



RedbanksCreek,Edge- ) a q 

field, ) 

Upper Fork, Lynch's^ 

Creek, or Flat Creek, 

Lancaster, 
Faget's Creek, or Faco- ) „ 

let River, Union, { 
Greenwood, Wilks, Geo. 
How-Rowley, Sussex, Mass. 
Russel, Hampshire " 

Bridgewater, Plymouth, " 
Dublin, Cheshire, N. H. 
Westmoreland, " " 

Grafton, Grafton, " 

Mason, Hillsboro, " 

Danbury, Fairfield, Con. 
Poultney, Rutland, Vt. 
Mapletown,RenselIaer,N. Y. 
Little Hoosick, or ^ 

Stephentown, > " 

Rensellaer, S 

New Galloway, Sara- i ^ 

gota, J 

Newburgh, Ulster, " 

Jacob's Town, Bur- j j^ j 

lington, ) 

Washington, New ) jj i 

Castle, { 

Mossing Ford^ Char- 1 y 

lotte, I 

Sandy Creek, *^ 
William's, Goochland, " 
Miller's Ferry, Halifax, " 
Meadow Creek, Mont- ) <( 

gomery, 1 



26 



HAYNE8' BAPTIST 



Date. I Church. 



Comity. I Bute. 



A. D. 

1785 
u 

a 



(( 

u 

a 
a 

a 

u 
it 



1786 



a 
a 
it 
tt 
it 

ti 
it 

a 
tt 
tt 
tt 

u 

it 



Long Branch, Loudon, Va. 
Shoulder's Hill, Nan- ) ,, 

semond, ) 

Black Walnut, Orange, '* 
South Quay, South- ) « 

ampton, ) 

HeadofBoon'sCreek, f rr 

Fayette, S ^' 

Tate s Creek, Madison, " 
Washington, Mason, " 
Cox's Creek, Nelson, " 
Pottinger's Creek, " " 
Great Crossing, Scott, " 
Clear Creek, (unknown) " 
Bent Creek, JefTerson, Tenn. 
Pee Dee River, Anson, N. C, 
Cahawba River, ) « 

Burke and Lincoln, ) 
Scuppernong River, ) ^ 

Tyrrel, \ 

Roaring River, So i ,, 

Fork, Wilks, i 

Wassamasaw, Char- ) g ^i 

leston, ) 

Jamey's Creek, Spar- ) ,4 

tanburgh, ) 

Philip's Mills, Wilks, Geo. 
Whalley's Mills, '' " 
Freetown, 2d, Bristol, Ma^s. 
Bristol, Lincoln, " 

Deerfield, Hampshire, " 
Wintonbury, Hartford, Con. 
Warren, Litchfield, " 

New London, New ) „ 

London, ) 

Montville, 2d, " '' 

Preston & Canterbury, ) <, 

New London, \ 

Stafford, Tolland, 
Leicester, Addison, Vt. 
Putney, Windham, " 

Staten-Island, Rich- ) ^ y 

mond, ' ) * * 

Stephentown, Rensellaer, '' 
New Shawangunk, j <« 

Ulster, 1 



Date. I Church. | Coonty. | Stote. 



it 
ti 



ti 
it 
it 



ti 



it 

N.J. 

Pa. 

Md. 



A. D. 

1786 Bedford, Westchester, N. Y. 
" North Castle 

Canoe Brook, Essex, 
Mansfield, Sussex, 
Pittstown, Luzerne, 
Queen Anne, Queen ) 

Anne, ) 

Lingoteague, Accomack, Va 
Catawba Creek, Bot- ) ^< 

tetourt, 5 

Union Meeting, Buck- ) ^ 

Ingham, ) 

Crooked Run, Hampshure " 
Lost River, Hardy, *' 

Mount Pleasant, Mon- ) ^^ 

ongahela, \ 

Pricket's Creek, " '* 
Little Sandy Creek, i 

on Dan River, Pitt- > " 

sylvania, j 

Black Creek, South- 

ampton, 
Craig's Old M. House,) 

Spotsylvania, ) 

Boone's Creek, Fayette,K). 
Bryan's " '^ " 

Town Fork, " ^ 

Forks Dick's River, ) ,, 

Lincoln, \ 

Tate's Creek, 2d, Ma- > ^, 

dison, I 

Flat Creek, Jefferson, Tenn. 
French Broad, '* " 

Upper Ford French | ^^ 

Broad, Jefferson, I 
Bear Creek, Chatham, N. C. 
Cross Roads, Guilford, *' 
Knob's Crook, Pasquo- i ^^ 

tank, i 

Rocky River, Abbeville, S. C. 
Buffaloe Creek, '' *' 

Black Swamp, Lincoln, '* 
Lower Duncan's Creek, ? ^^ 

Newbury, > 

Cedar Spring, Spar- ) << 

tanburg, i 



ATLAS OF CHARTS, te. 



27 



Date. I Church. | County. | SUte. 



A. D. 

1786 






1787 

U 
a 



it 



ii 

ii 
a 

a 
a 
« 

« 
<4 
(i 



Va. 



Buck Head, Burke, Geo. 
Hebron, Elbert, " 

Brier Creek, Upper | << 

Iron Works, Wilks, I 
LongCreekjOgeeohee ) ^j 

River, Wilks, 5 

Gouldsbury, Hancock, Mass. 
Number Four, Wash, j ^^ 

ington, i 

Hopkinton, Hillsboro, N. H. 
Waliingford, New i ^ 

Haven, ) ^'^* 

Orwell, Addison, Vt. 

Hubbardston, Rutland, " 
Hillsdale, Columbia, N. Y. 
Amenia Town, Dutchess " 
Fountain Creek, \ 

Brunswick, I 

Thornton's River, >. 

Culpeper, ) 

Culbanks on Nolle- ^ 

way River, Din- > 

widdie, j 

Millstone, Halifax, 
Leatherwood Creek, ) 

Henry, J 

Mountain Creek, ? 

Prince Edward, > 
Glude-Hollow,Rock- > 

ingham, ) 

Walter Creek, " 
High Hills, Notto- ^ 

way River, Sussex, j 
Seecock Creek, " 
Cooper's Run, Bourbon, Ky. 
Boon's Creek, 2d, Fayette " 
Hanging Fork, Dick's ) << 

River, Lincoln, ) 

Lick Creek, Nelson, " 

Brashar's Creek, Shelby, " 
Cove Creek, Green, Tenn. 
Big Creek, Hawkins, " 
BuflFalo Ridge, Wash- j ,, 

ington, i 

Stony Creek, Cumber- 
land, 



(( 



ii 



N.C. 



Date. I Church. | Connty. | State. 



A. D. 

1787 



N.C. 



u 

ii 

a 
a 
ii 

a 



ii 

1788 



(( 
(( 
(( 
ii 

a 

a 

ii 

ii 

ii 
Ii 

n 
ii 

Ii 



ii 
ii 
ii 

ii 

a 

ii 

a 

a 

Ii 
ii 



Powel's Point, Curri- 
tuck, 

Little River, Montgomery " 
Skewarkey Creek, ) ,< 

Martin, ) 

Rock River, P. D. R. " '' 
Little Riner, Montgomery, *' 
Head Enoree River, ) q ^^ 

Greenville, ) ^- ^• 

Pacolet River, Union, " 
Rock Creek, (Upper) ) p 

Burke, 5 ^®^- 

Van's Creek, Elbert, " 
Powel's Creek, Greene, " 
Ebenezer, Wilkes, " 

Bullock's Gr.Berkshire,Mass. 
Cheshire, " " 

Sanderfield, 2d, " '^ 

Plainfield, 2d, Hampshire '^ 
Conway, " ** 

Canaan, Hancock, " 

Bowdoin, 1st, Lincoln, 
Thomaston, " 

Marshfield, Pljrmouth, 
Pippin, Washington, 
Landaff, Grafton, 
Providence, (colored) ? ^ rr 

Bahama Island ) ' ' 
New London, Hillsboro, N. H. 
Newport, 4th, Newport, R. 1. 
New Shoreham, 3d, > <, 

Washington, ) 

North Providence, Pro- ) ^^ 

vic^ence, ) 

Hopkinton, Washington, ^ 
Torrington, Litchfield, Con. 
Saybrook, 2d, Middlesex, *' 
Brandon, Addison, Vt. 
Shaftesbury, 4th, ) ,< 

Bennington, ) 

Reading, Windsor, 
Great Nine Partners, 

Dutchess, 
Peekskill, *' « 

Einderhook, Rensellaer, " 
Hartford, Washington, " 



ii 
a 
ii 
a 

a 



iN. 



28 



HATNE8' BAPTIST 



Data. I Chareh. | County. | SUte, 



A. D. 

1788 



u 
(( 

(( 
ii 

u 

(( 
(( 



li 
u 



a 

a 
a 

a 

(( 
(( 

a 



Pretty's Creek, Albe- ) y^ 

marie, ) 

Whiteside's Creek, '' '* 
Angola Creek, Cum- ) „ 

berland, y 

Clarksborough, Har- / „ 

rison, J 

Mount Zion, 
Head Birch's Creek, > j, 

Pittsylvania, S 

Liberty, Prince Edward '* 
White House, Shen- ) ^^ 

andoah, $ 

Meherrin, Southampton, '* 
Huston's Creek, Bour- 1 g- 

bon, i ^' 

Head Salt River, Mercer, " 
Buck Run, Woodford, " 
Fork Elkhorn Creek, t ^ 

(unknown,) J 

Saddletree Swamp, (j^q 

Robeson, $ 

Timber Ridge, Rowan, " 
Sandy Run, Rutherford, ** 
Cheraw Hill, Chester, S. C. 
Rocky Creek on Ca- > 

tawba, Fairfield, ) 
Upper Dunan's Creek, ) 

Lawrence, J 

Muddy Creek, Marlboro, " 
Big Creek on Saluda, | ^^ 

Pendleton, ) 

Bark Camp, Burke, Geo. 
Macleen Creek, '' " 
Sweetwater, Creek; " 
Providence, " 

Clark's Station, Wilks, 
Cloud's Creek, 
Dove's " 
Hutton's " 
Lidian " 
MiUstone, " 
Soap, 

William's Creek, 
Savannah, (colored) ) 

Chatham, i 



(( 



a 



u 
u 

M 

U 

it 



Date. I ChoBBli. | County. | State. 



it 
a 
u 
it 

a 

u 

a 
a 
ii 
a 
a 

a 



ii 

a 
ii 

a 
a 
ii 



a 

a 

ii 
ti 



ii 

€1 

ii 
ii 



ii 



ii 
ii 



A* D. 

Period of WaahiDgtoQ*! AdmiaistratioD, indaiiTaof 
A.a 1789 to 1796. 

1789 Barrington, 6r., Mass. 

'* Bernardston, Hampshire " 

" Buokland, 

'' Colrain, 2d, Hampshire, 

" Danville, ^ 

« Leyden, /' 

" West Springfield, " 

" Whately, 

" Balltown, Lincoln, 
Weston, Middlesex, 
Brunswick, Cumberland, " 
Behoboth, 6th, Bristol, " 
Ridgefield, Fairfield, Con. 
Hartford, Hartford, 
5Mile, ** 
Canaan, Litchfield, 
Watertown, " 
Pownal, Ist, Bennington Vt 
Rockingham, Windham, " 
Hartford, 

Bethel, Albany, N. Y 

CoQy man's Patent, ) u 

Albany, i 

RensellMrwick, Albany " 
Dwain's Bush, Mont- 1 ^ 

gomery, ' 

Warren^s Bush, " 
Oyster Bay, Queens, 
New Bethlehem, Ren- | «( 

sellaer, ) 

Petersburgh, Renselliier, '^ 
Kingsbury; Washington, *' 
Cross River, West ) ^^ 

Chester, ) 

CohiMtisey, Cumberland, N. J 
MarousHook, belaware,Pa. 
Falls Township, | u 

Philadelphia, \ 
Lower Dublin, thil- ) „ 

adelpluia, ) 

Roxbuiy, Philadelphia, ^* 
Forks Yohogany Rl- j <« 

ver, Westmoreland, i 
Hanover, King George, Va, 
Polecat Creek, Halifax, '' 



a 



▲TLA8 OF CHARTS, kc. 



29 



Date. I Chuich. | County. | SUte. 



A. D. 
1789 



'■\ 



Va. 



li 



<C 

ii 
M 
ii 

ii 
ii 
ii 



a 
ii 
ii 



Snow Creek and Pi 

geon River, 2d 

Franklin, 
Staunton River and i 

Biackwater, Frank- > " 

lin, S 

Terrible Creek, HaUfax," 
Mount Tabor, Monon- ^^ 

galia, 
Greesy Creek, Mont- «« 

gomery. 
Walker's Creek, " " 
Portsmouth, New Kent, " 
Mill Creek, Patrick, " 
Mohawk Creek, Pitt- „ 

sylvania. 
Wisdom's Creek, " 
White Oak, StaflFord, 
Yeocomaco Creek, 

Westmoreland, 
Jessamin Creek, Fay< 

ette, 
Hardin's Creek, Nelson, 
Rolling Fork, '' 

Cedar Creek, Hawkins, Tenn. 
Stock Creek, Holston, " 



Date. I ChuTcli. | County. | SUte- 



Tenn. 



a 
ii 



Ky. 

ii 
ii 



ii 
ii 
ii 



ii 
ii 
ii 



S.C. 



A. D. 

1789 Pigeon River, Hols- 

ton, (now Sevier,) 
Wickicoan Creek, Bertie, N.C. 
Hadnot's Creek, Cateret, " 
Tar River, Granville, " 
Gtassy Nob, Iredell, *' 
Mountain Creek, Ru- „ 

therford, 
Norhunty Swamp, Wayne " 
Fish's River, Wilks, '' 
Fork Lynch's Creek, 

2d, Chester, 
Rock Creek, Fairfield, « 
Horse Creek on Reedy ^^ 

River, Greenville, 
Main Saluda River, <« 

Greenville, 
Big Branch Enoree, ^^ 

Laurens, 
Buck Swamp, Liberty, ** 
Little Saltketcher,Orange '* 
Rocky Creek, Lower, q 

Burke, 
Brushy Creek, Burke, " 
Tugalow River, Franklin, ** 
Skull Shoals, Green, <' 



ii 
u 

a 
ii 

a 
ii 



EXPLANATIONa 

1. In flMkiof the Ibrcfoinf Tablm, CsABTt, Ac, m dlstiaetioa la Bade betwcM Partkalar, 0«Mr»l, E«fiilw, United, 
BmpmnUt tiz-priiieiple, 8«TMitli-dty, MiMioMiy, AuU-mkadwutry, AMoelatod, or U naw o c fafd Baptirt Chnrelm; whfteh 
■howa tiM raaaoo why, otharwiM, thara wovld laaM to ba a rapothion of tba BaoMa of tha aoaa Charchaa BBdar diftraat 
dalaa^— & No dUtinetioa la Diada botwaan azdact Chvrehaa, aad thoaa which do atill rataia thair oriffiMd orfaaisationv— 
X No aodea ia takan by which to diatiafnlah aneh Chnrehaa aa aro datad ftoa tha irat orruintioa, aad aneh aa data 
tnm aooM ra-orraDisationw--4. Nor do Um Tablaa ahow tha ehaafa of tha naiMa oTaooM Chvrehaa, and tlMlr duafaa froM oaa 
AaaofiafioB to aaother.— & Thaaa raaarka apply alao to AaaoeiatioBa.— C In iobm taataaeaa, thora hara baoa ehaafaa ia 
eooaty Uaaa aad eoaaty naiMa whieh ara.aot notod ia tha Tablaa. Oeoaaioaally thora poatiMy oeear adatakaa, arrora, or 
ropotitioDa, bat it ia baUavad aaldon.— 7. Tha aoareoa whaaea tha Tablaa hara baaa aada, hara boon Baekaa'a Mio aad 
abridffad, Beaipla, Callaadar, Morfaa Edwarda, Lalaad, Fanaaa, Allaa, Baaadiet'a aairaral aditioaa, aad Aaplaad ; alao Miaataa, 
Alaaaaea, aad Corraapoadaaea aad CoaaultatioB of Chareh Eaeorda ; alao Croaby, IriaMy, Orchard, Dam Taylor, Walter 
Wilaoa, Wiak'a Eaportar, Naw Baptiat Miacallaay, Ac 4hc--an eomparad, aad tha daU which aaaaad tha battar, haa boon 
adopted i alwayapralhrriBf Baekaa'a Ibr Naw Eaflaad, Baapla Ibt Viifiaia, aad each aeeordiaf to the cireaMataaeoa of tha 
caae. 

If aay eonplaia, let better iafbraiatioa be coamaaicated, with the erideaee of ita eorreetaeaa, aad the aterootypo platea 
will be ao altered fbr Ihtare penaaaeat pablieatioa ia oar Qaaetteer. Bach eorractioaa are aolieited freai aay one who caa 
oeaBBaleata, if it be •»« aew iten, or correct eaa old item. We caa do ao More. Theae Tablee aakke a BMiety of aMteriak 
to be r«BMdeIled Ibr the Bapplemeat to the Baptiat Cydopiadia; aad thia work hea been pabliahod, ia part, to ahow the 
Baptiata, who caa Airaiah the aiateriala, what we want thea^ withoat Airthor cereaMay, to eead, aa at oaea, Ibr the Baptiat 
Cydepadia, nd oar other pabUeatSesa propoaed ia oar adTa r t i aaaw B t as the MIowiaff pifM. 

T. W. HATNBfl. 



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