English botany, or, Coloured figures of British plants

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California Academy of
Sciences Library

By action of the Board of Trustees of the

Leland Stanford Junior University on June

14, 1974, this book has been placed

on deposit with the

California Academy of Sciences Library.

/3j

ENGLISH BOTANY.

ENGLISH BOTANY;

OB,

COLOUEED FIGURES

OF

BBITISH PLANTS.

©jM (Bittow.

ENLAKGED, RE-AEEANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL ORDERS
^AND ENTIRELY REVISED.

WITH DESCRIPTIONS BY

JOHN T. BOSWELL, LL.D., F.L.S., etc.,

AND

N. E. BROWN,

Of the Royal HerUirium, Kew,

The Figures by W. H. FITCH, N. E. BROWN,

AND

JOHN EDWARD SOWERBY,

Illustrator of the " Wild Flowers Worth Notice," &o. &c.

VOLUME XII.

CRYPTOGAMIA.
MARSILIACE/E TO CHAIiACEJE.- GENERAL INDEX.

LONDON:
GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1886.
!/\A

b2631 7

London :
printed by william clowes and sons, limited,

STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

.Si

181,3
y.

PUBLISHERS' NOTE.

The following Volume, containing the descriptions of British Crypto-
gamous Plants, completes the 3rd Edition of ' English Botany '
within the limits proposed by its Editor, Mr. Boswell (Syme), with the
exception of such supplementary and additional matter as the progress
of time since its publication has rendered necessary. Unfortunately,
the failure of Mr. Boswell's health prevented him from finishing his
work, and its completion is due to Mr. N. E. Brown, of the Royal
Herbarium, Kew, who had previously undertaken the drawings of
some of the plants, and has ably supplemented the incomplete
descriptions.

He has also undertaken the arduous work of revising the Latin
Indices of the several Volumes which now, incorporated with the
English indices, and with a new one of French and German names,
furnish for the first time a complete Index to the whole work.

ENGLISH BOTANY.

CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES.

Volume I.

Ranunculacerc, Berberidaceaa, Nymphfeacete, Papaveracea?, and Cruciferre.

Volume II.

Resedaceaa, Cistacea?, Violacea?, Droseracea?, Polygalacefe, Frankeniaceaa, Caro-
pbyllaceae, Portulacaceas, Tanmriscacere, Elatinacere, Hypericaceae, Malvaceae,
Tiliaceaa, Linaceas, Geraniaceaa, Ilicinea?, Celastraceaa, Rbaninaceae, Sapindaceaa.

Volume III.

Leguminiferae and Rosacea?.

Volume IV.

Lytbraceae, Onagraceae, Cucurbitacea*, Grossulariaceas, Crassulaceae, SaxifragaceaB,
Unibelliferaa, Araliaceaa, Cornaceae, Lorantbaceas, Caprifoliaceaa, Rubiaceae, Vale-
rianacea), and Dipsaceaa.

Volume V.

All tbe Plants ranked under tbe order Composite.

Volume VI.

Carapanulaceae, Ericacea?, Jasnrinaceaa, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceas, Polenioniaceee,
Convolvulaccae, Sulanaceas, Scropbulariacea?, Orobancbacea), and Verbenaceas.

YuLUME VII.

Labiatae, Boraginaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Priinulacea;, Plunibaginaceae, Plantagi-
naceae, Paronycbiaccaa, and Aniarantaceai.

Volume VIII.

Cbenopodiaceaa, Polygonacea?, Eleganaceae, Thyruelaceas, Santalaceas, Aristo-
locbiacea), Ernpetracca?, Eupborbiacea?, Callitricbacea?, Ceratopbyllaceao, Urticacea\
Aruentiferae, and Coniferae.

Volume IX.

Typbacea}, Aracca?, Leninaceae, Naiadacea?, Alismacea?, Hydrocbaridacea?, Orcbi-
daceas, Iridacca;, Anmryllidaceae, Diascoreacea?, and Liliacoae.

Volume X.

Juncacea; and Cyperacere.

Volume XI.

Graminaceae.

Volume XII.

Marsiliaceaj, Isoetacea), Sclaginellaceas, Lycopodiacea?, Opbioglossaceae, Filiccs,
Equisetaceae, and Cbaraccas, General Index.

[ERRATA OF VOLUME XII

PAGE

LINE

110

7

112

35

115

25

139

25

144

20

173

21

177

9&32

178

19

181

6

182

13

188

30

189

11

191

28

186

13

186-187

189

PLATE

1826*

1827
1871
1897

For p. 622, read p. 602.

For Plates 1871, 1872; read Plates 1870, 1871.

After ATHYEIUM FLEXILE, add Syme ; and beneath this line

insert, Plate 1871.
After CETERACH OFFICIXARUM, add Desr.
For Hurd Fern, read Hard Fern.
For Arthur Bennett, read A. W. Bennett.

200

18

215

2

217

31

► After the word Brunn, strike out the comma.

Strike out the words Var. a. genuina.

Strike out N. glomerata, var. (3 Smithii, with the remarks re-
ferring to it, and add the synonymy to that of N. glomerata.
Messrs. Groves having intimated in the Journal of Botany,
1885, p. 350, that they had found nucules on Mr. Borrer's
Lancing specimen, induced me to re-examine it, and in a fertile
head taken from another part of the specimen, I find some ex-
tremely young nucules in their first stages of development ; the
two heads previously examined by me were probably too young,
as I could find nothing of the kind upon them, although care-
fully searched for under a power of 450 diameters. The var.
Smithii must therefore be considered to be founded upon an
immature state of N. glomerata.

Strike out these lines beginning at the words ' The plant,' &c, as
there is a specimen of N. prolifera from the Glasnevin Canal in
the Herbarium of the late Dr. D. Moore, at Dublin.

For the word but, read and.

After var. ? /3. connivens, add N. E. Brown.

After the words ' beneath the nucule ' add — ? (Messrs. Groves in
the Journal of Botany, 1885, p. 350, state that this is not the
case in their specimen, but do not say how they are situated.
As this is the normal position of the globules in the group to
which this species belongs, a further discovery of monoecious
specimens may possibly prove Messrs. Groves' example to be
abnormal.)

For Isoetes eu-lacustris, var. Morei, read Isoetis lacustris, var. Morei.

For Poetes echinospora, read Isoetes echinospora.

For Athyrium alpestre, var. flexile, read Athyrium flexile.

Strike out the words var. Wilsoni.

X. E. Brow-w]

36-40

ENGLISH BOTANY.

SUBKINGDOM II.

CRYPTOGAMIA, or FLOWERLESS PLANTS.

Plaxts destitute of flowers furnished with special organs of repro-
duction (stamens and pistils), but producing spores, which differ from
seeds in containing no embryo previous to germination. The plants
have, however, at some period of their growth, bodies which represent
the male and female organs of flowering plants, which are so various
that they must be described under each separate Class or Order.

CLASS L— VASCULARE S.

Herbs, usually perennial, very rarely annual, rarely trees, which
have a stem composed of cellular tissue in which are imbedded closed
fibro-vascular bundles, the whole covered by an epidermis, producing
adventitious roots and leaves, or representatives of leaves with various
venation. Spores produced without fertilisation, included in spore
cases which are either enclosed in sporocarps (modified leaves), or
naked in the axils of the leaves or on the back of the leaves, or on the
under side of peltate hexagonal plates collected into a terminal cone.
Male and female organs produced on a prothallium, which is the
result of the germination of the spore. The prothallium is sometimes
simply a growth of cellular tissue which protrudes from the spores
after the latter have burst, but in other cases it grows out into a scale
resembling a Liverwort, and has an independent existence sometimes
lasting for months. In either case, the female organs (archegonia) are
formed in the prothallium, their essential part consisting of a cell
{nospliere), enclosed in the tissue of the prothallium, and having an

VOL. XTT. B

2 ENGLISH BOTANY.

open protruding neck : the male organs consist of spiral ciliated
threads {antherozoids), produced from cells (antheridia), either formed
upon or in the prothallium or contained in separate spores from those
which produce the prothallium which developes the archegonia.

ORDER LXXXIX.— M ARSILIACEjE.

Aquatic or marsh plants with creeping rooting branched root-
stocks. Leaves alternate, erect, filiform, without any lamina, or with
a lamina composed of 4 equal, obovate, entire or retuse leaflets ; in
either case with circinate vernation. Sporangia contained in cap-
sules or sporocarps, subsessile in the axils of the leaves or more or less
longly stalked and springing from the lower part of the leaf, globular
or ovoid, often hairy at least when young, 2- to 4-celled vertically,
2- to 4-valved. Spores of two kinds, the larger (inacrosjwres) solitary
in each macrosporangium, the smaller (microspores) numerous in
each microsporangium. Macrosporangia and microsporangia included
in the same sporocarp. Prothallium developed from a papilla at the
apex of the macrospcre ; its oosphere, after being fertilised by the
antherozoids discharged from the microspores, developes and forms
I lie new plant.

GENUS /.— PILULARIA. Linn.

Sjiorocarps subglobular subsessile and erect, or shortly stalked and
bent down, 2- or 4-celled, 2- or 4-valved at the apex.

Aquatic herbs, with slender branched creeping stems and setaceous
leaves without any lamina.

Name derived from pilula, a pill, which the sporocarps resemble.

SPECIES I.-PILUL ARIA GLOBULIFERA. Linn.

Plate 1825.
Rabenhorst, Cryptogams Yasculares Europese Exsiccatte, No. 27.

Sporocarps subglobose, 4-celled, 4-valved, 3 or 4 times longer than
their peduncle, erect. Microspores numerous, ovoid, constricted in
the middle. Microspores without a gelatinous covering.

On the margins of lakes and ponds, usually in shallow water, but
left growing in the damp mud in summer. The Rev. W. W. Spicer
says, that in September he found it in a pond near Guildford, Surrey,
in water 40 inches deep. (Phyt. 1851, p. 3.r>0.)

marsiliacej:. 6

Rather sparingly but generally distributed from Cornwall and
Sussex, northwards to Skye and Sutherland. Rare in Ireland, where
it has been noticed in the west, and more plentifully in the
north-east.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Rootstock long, creeping, filiform, sparingly branched, glabrous
except at the growing apex, which is clothed with hairs, producing
1 or more adventitious roots at each point from which leaves are
given off. Leaves 1 to 4 inches long, 2 to 4 together at intervals
along the rootstock, erect, deep green, smooth, with a few very minute
hairs or papilke, the young ones coiled up at the apex like the fronds
of a Fern. Sporocarps solitary in the axils of the leaves, very shortly
stalked, globose, slightly pointed, resembling small peppercorns, at
first hairy, at length glabrous, divided parallel to the axis into 4 cells,
with a parietal placenta running clown each ; to this placenta the
sporangia are attached, forming a sorus. Lower sporangia in each
sorus a dozen or more, each containing a single macrospore ; upper-
most sporangia of the sorus containing numerous microspores : in
either case the sporangia are small thin hyaline walled sacs which
eventually burst and discharge their spores, which escape enveloped
in the jelly which fills the sporangia, and by its expansion causes
their rupture. Ripe microspores enveloped in a gelatinous coat,
furnished with a small projection at the apex, formed by the protrusion
of the inner layer of the spore, which is torn into shreds. Underneath
all this there is a collection of protoplasm, from which is developed
the prothallium ; for the details of this, see Hoffmeister on the
Higher Cryptogamia, translated by Currie, pp. 318 to 324.

Pillwort, or Pepper -grass.

ORDER XC— I SOETACE^.

Aquatic or terrestrial plants consisting of a fleshy depressed 2- to 4-
lobed corm, producing simple or forked root-fibres, and giving rise
to rush-like leaves with dilated bases, which are sometimes per-
sistent. Leaves subulate or linear, containing 4 air- tubes, with
transverse partitions, furnished with stomata in some species.
Sporangia solitary, immersed in the inner face of the dilated base
of the leaves to which they are connected by their backs, crossed
internally by threads affixed to their upper and under sides ; the
sporangia of the outer leaves containing numerous macrospores, those
of the inner leaves containing very numerous microspores. Some
species have phyllodee, or barren leaves, on the conn between the

4 ENGLISH BOTANY.

leaves bearing macrosporangia and those bearing microsporangia.
Macrospores large, with a whitish crustaceous integument, sub-
globular, trigonous towards the apex, the division between the hemi-
spherical and the trigonous portion, and those between the three faces
of the trigonous part marked by elevated lines, the trigonous portion
ultimately opening into three valves. Microspores very numerous
and very minute, grey, oblong-trigonous, marked by a single line.
Macrospore developing a prothallium at its apex, which has its
oosphere fertilised by the antherozoids developed in the microspores,
as in the Marsiliacese.

GENUS L—I S O E T E S. Linn.
The only genus. Characters the same as those of the Order.

Name from Tcros (isos), equal, and eros (etos), year, from the plant having the same
appearance all the year round.

SPECIES I.-I S O E T E S LACUSTRIS. Linn.

Plates 1826 and 1827.

Plant aquatic, submerged. Boots glabrous. Corm 2-Iobed, not
clothed with the persistent and hardened bases of former leaves. Leaves
subcylindrical or tetragonous, subulate, with broad sheathing bases
having membranous edges and smooth backs, straight or recurved,
erect or ascending, more or less translucent, without marginal bast-
fibres, and without stomata or with very few. Phyllodes absent.
Velum incomplete. Sporangia oblong-ovoid oval-ovoid or subglobose,
unspotted. Macrospores with a white crustaceous integument, tuber-
culate, with the tubercles not coalescing into ridges. Microspores
smooth.

Subspecies L— Isoetes eu-lacustris.
Plate 1826.

Babcnh. Crypt Vase. Europ. Nos. 5 and 77.

I. lacustris, Durieu et Auct. plur. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 456. Alilrfe,
Filices Europ. p. 276.

Plant aquatic, submerged. Boot-fibres glabrous. Corm 2-lobed, with
3 to 7 longitudinal furrows, not clothed with the persistent and hardened
bases of former leaves. Leaves slightly translucent, dark green, sub-
cylindrical-terete or subulate, with broad sheathing bases having

ISOETACE-E. 5

membranous margins and smooth backs, erect or ascending, straight
or recurved, without marginal bast-fibres, and without stomata or with
very few. Phyllodes absent. Velum incomplete. Sporangia oblong-
ovoid or subglobose, unspotted. Macrospores with a white crustaceous
integument, tuberculate with prominent blunt or truncated tubercles,
which are not hig-her than broad.

-

Yar. a. genuina.

Plate 1826.

Leaves rarely exceeding 6 or 7 inches in length, stout, more or less
recurved when the plants are not crowded ; the membranous margins
usually rather narrower than the firm portion of the leaf-base.

Tar. /3. Morei.
Plate 1826*.
I. Morei, D. Moore in Journal of Botany (i878), p. 353.

Leaves 1 to 2 feet long or more ; more slender and more tapering
than in var. a, erect, or with the apices floating ; the membranous
margins usually as broad as the firm portion of the leaf-base.
Macrospores in more saccate cavities, and fewer in number, and
microspores smaller than in var. a.

Yar. a occurs in lakes, growing submerged in the water, almost
confined to hilly districts. In YTales it is frequent in Carnarvonshire,
and occurs also in Merioneth and Denbigh. Frequent in the Lake
district. In Scotland it occurs in most of the counties from the Forth
and Clyde north to Caithness and Sutherland. Dr. A. P. Duguid
found it in Loch of Carness, Orkney. In Ireland it occurs from
north to south, chiefly in mountainous districts, and most plentiful in
the west and north.

Yar. /3 is found wholly submerged, or with the leaves floating on
the water, in the Upper Lough of Bray, Co. Wicklow.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Conn from the size of a cherry-stone to that of a hazel-nut, dark
brown exteriorly, white when cut through. Root-fibres developed
from the furrow which traverses the bottom of the corm, simple or
once or twice forked towards the apex, brown. Leaves 2 inches to
1 foot long, deep green, rather rigid, tapering, usually recurved and
diverging or erect ; their bases dilated, with membranous pale yellow
edges, withering and ultimately rotting off from the corm without

6 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

becoming hard ; bases of the lowest leaves containing macrosporangia,
and the upper ones microsporangia. Sporangia ovoid, about the size
of wheat or barley grains, immersed in the substance of the leaf to
which they are attached by the back, and more or less covered by a
membranous outgrowth from the margin of the fovea or depression
in the leaf termed the velum. Immediately above the fovea which
contains the sporangium, there is a transverse pit in the leaf termed
the foveola. The margin of this foveola nearest the sporangium is
elevated, and forms the labium, and from the bottom of the pit there
rises a membranous scale (lingule), attached by a broad base and
acuminated upwards. Macrospores -g^ inch in diameter, furnished
with prominent tubercles whose height does not exceed the breadth
of their base. The prothallium is formed at the apex of the macro-
spore, and eventually ruptures it, the macrospore opening by 3 sutures
corresponding with the converging lines at the apex.

Var. /3 is a very remarkable form, and may be a distinct subspecies,
as which Dr. D. Moore has described it ; and in this view of it he is
supported by the authority of Prof. Oaruel of Pisa, Prof. Duval-Jeune
and Martius of Montpellier, and Dr. Ascherson of Berlin, who all
consider it distinct from any described species.

It is with great reluctance that I express an opinion different from
that of such great authorities, especially as I have not had an oppor-
tunity of seeing the plant in a recent state ; but the most careful
comparison of the specimens of I. Morei (which the late Dr. Moore
has kindly sent me) with those of genuine I. eu-lacustris leads me to
the conclusion that it is impossible to separate it even as a subspecies.
From the time of Dillenius it has been known that there are two
forms of Isoetes eu-lacustris, found growing in the same places, viz.
a solitary form in which the leaves are thicker, shorter spreading, and
more or less recurved, and another form, var. /3, Smith (Calamaria folio
longiore et graciliore, Dill.), a gregarious form, in which the leaves
are flaccid, longer, more slender, and more brittle. Modern British
authors regard these as states, and not varieties of the plant. Smith
advanced the untenable hypothesis that the tall and slender variety
might perhaps " be caused by those sudden risings of the waters so
frequent in mountainous countries." But as the stout recurved-leaved
plants grow in the same lake as the others, this is evidently a
fallacious idea. Mr. E. Newman no doubt has pointed out the true
cause of the variation of the plant, viz. that many of the spores
" remain in the capsule and there germinate, throwing up dense tufts
of slender leaves of a delicate green colour. I am indebted to Miss
Beever for specimens which beautifully exhibit this germination of
the seeds in situ, the parent plant and its offspring having been dried
while in the most favourable state for displaying this peculiarity, to
which Miss Beever particularly called my attention. These young
plants rapidly increase in size, send their roots downwards into
the earth, and their leaves upwards into the water ; and from the

ISOETACE^. <

crowding incident on this condition of the seedling plants the
elongate and slender leaves would naturally result." (Hist. Brit.
Ferns, ed. ii. p 302.) *

Every one who has gathered I. eu-lacustris must be familiar with
this form, and to my eves I. Morei seems to be merely a greatly
developed state of this crowded form of I. eu-lacustris. No doubt, as
Dr. Moore says, in habit it resembles I. setacea Delille, and I. velata
A. Braun, but in the structure of the conn, of the leaves, and of the
velum it differs from these plants, and agrees perfectly with I. eu-
lacustris ; for both I. setacea and I. velata have the leaves furnished
with 6 peripherical bast-fibres.

Dr. Moore says it differs from I. eu-lacustris "in the veil which
covers the macrosporangia being one-half longer, leaving only one-
third of the spores naked ;" but according to my experience the velum
in I. eu-lacustris does usually leave only one-third of the spores naked.
The macrospores seem quite similar in vars. a and /3.

Attention was called to this remarkable form by Mr. A. Gr. More
in 1871, but it was not until November 1876 that Dr. Moore obtained
living specimens. These and some of the ordinary state he found
retained their respective character in cultivation.

Lake QuiUwort.

Subspecies II. — IsoeteS echinospora. Durieu.

Plate 1827.

Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Ex. No. 76. Bab. Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 1. Milde, Filices
Europ. p. 279.

Plant aquatic, submerged. Root-fibres glabrous. Conn 2-lobed
without longitudinal furrows, not clothed with the persistent and
hardened bases of former leaves. Leaves pellucid, pale green, sub-
cylindrical-terete or -subulate, with broad sheathing bases having
membranous margins and smooth backs, ascending, straight, without
marginal bast-fibres, and wuthout stomata (in the European plant).
Phyllodes absent. Teium incomplete. Sporangia subglobose oval-
ovoid. Macrosporangia with a white crustaceous integument, muri-
cate with very prominent acute spine-like tubercles, which are higher
than broad.

In lakes in mountainous districts " where there is peat at the
bottom of the water." In a pool near Llyn-y-cwm near Llanberis
(Mr. W. Wilson) ; and in the river that runs out of the lakes of

* Since the above was written I have seen Mr. Baker's monograph of the genus
in the ' Journal of Botany,' 1880, pp. 65 et seq. He considers I. Morei a form of
I. lacustris.

8 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Llanberis, Carnarvon (Professor Babington). In a pool near the top
of Ben-Toirlich, Dumbarton (Professor Babington, 1845). Locli of
Drum, Aberdeenshire (where I gathered it in 1850). Loch Callater,
Braemar (Mr. J. Sadler in 1878). Lake near the Gap of Dimloe,
Killarney, and in the upper lake of Killarney, near Glenagh (Dr.
Moore). Lough Gowla-na-gower and Lough na-Grooaun, Inish Boffan,
Galway (Mr. A. G. More).

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Very similar to I. eu-laeustris, but according to Professor
Babington the plants may be distinguished when growing by the
" spreading leaves and pale green colour," in contrast " with the dark
tint and usually erect leaves of I. eu-lacustris." The only place
where I have collected this plant is in the Loch of Drum in 1850 and
1851. There the fronds are 2 to 6 inches long, spreading, flaccid,
fragile, pellucid, pale green, with a large portion of the base paler : but
the Xorth American form, var. Braunii, is described bv Dr. Eno-el-
mann as having the " leaves dark, and often olive-green, straight or
commonly recurved," while another American variety Boothii has
bright green stiffly-erect leaves. Both these American forms have
stomata on the leaves, which, so far as I know, have not been
observed in any European specimens, except some from ' Iceland '
(Mikle). The threads in the interior of the sporangia are more
thickened, but the only conspicuous difference between the subspecies
is that the tubercles on the macrospores of I. echinospora are very
much longer and more acute than in I. -eu-lacustris.

Probably the plant will be found in other stations, having been
passed over as I. eu-lacustris.

PricJdy-spored Lake Quittwort.

SPECIES IL-ISOETES HYSTRIX. Durieu.

Plate 1828.

Rabenh. Crypt, Yasc. Europ. Nos. 101, 102, and 103.
I. Duriasi, Hook. Brit. Ferns, tab. 26 (non Bory).-

Plant terrestrial. Roots pubescent. Corm 3-lobed, with 3 radiat-
ing furrows beneath, its lower part clothed with the persistent and
indurated bases of former leaves. Leaves trigonous, filiform, with
broad sheathing bases having membranous edges and a tuberculated
band on the back, recurved and spreading in a circle, opaque, with
numerous stomata. Plrsllopodia or indurated bases of the leaves
crustaceous, pitchy black, 3-toothed at the apex with the central tooth
often minute. Phyl lodes usually present. Telum complete, wholly

ISOETACE-E. 9

covering the sporangia. Microspores with a crustaceous white
integument, tuberculate, with the blunt tubercles coalescing into
ridges. Microspores tuberculate.

On damp spots in sandy pastures near the sea, L'Ancresse, common
in the north of Guernsey. Discovered by Mr. George Wolsey, in
June, I860.

Channel Islands. Perennial. Summer.

Conn in the Guernsey specimens I have seen about the size of a
pea, enclosed in a kind of husk formed by the greatly hardened
persistent bases of the former leaves, until it attains a bulk about
that of a hazel-nut. The leaf scales or phyllopodia are i inch long,
concave, pitchy black, the uppermost ones terminated by 3 teeth not
above TVth inch long, and often shorter. The lower scales are in a
decaying state, and have the teeth broken off; and sometimes the
whole of the scales begin to decay as soon as they are matured by
the deposition in them of dark coloured tissue. Leaves 1|- to 2^ inches
long, deep dull green, something like those of Scilla autumnalis,
strongly recurved, flattish above, and acutely convex beneath, so as to
have a trigonous section, pellucid towards the base, which is greatly
dilated over the sporangia, which are about the size of grains of
pearl barley, and concealed by the velum. On the back of the pale
enlarged leaf-base there is a band covered with small tubercles
extending as far as the sporangium does. Macrospores much smaller
than those of I. lacustris, and with much less prominent tubercles
than even in I. eu-lacustris, and forming beaded lines, from their bases
coalescing.

The above description is not that of the typical I. Hystrix.
([. Hystrix forma loricata, Rabenh. 1. c. No. 101), which has per-
sistent scales terminated by lateral spines ^ or even ^ inch long, with
a short intermediate tooth, and a bulb from the size of a hazel-nut to
that of a walnut.

The Jersey plant agrees well with I. Hystrix forma desquamata
subinermis of A. Braun, Rabenh. 1. c. Nos. 102 and 103 b.

Spiny Quillwort.

ORDER XCL— SELAGINELLACEU.

Moss-like herbs or small shrubs with dichotomous or branched stems
and minute entire or serrulate or denticulate leaves, either equal and
regularly disposed round the stem, or bifarious and unequal, two being-
larger than the others and diverging right and left from the stem, while
the smaller leaves are adpressed to it. Sporangia of two kinds, macro-
sporangia and. microsporangia, which are produced in the axils of

VOL. XII. c

10 ENGLISH BOTANY.

modified leaves or bracts arranged in terminal spikes. Macrosporangia
often solitary in the axils of the lowest bracts of the spike, but some-
times intermingled with the microsporangia, 3- or 4-lobed, and 3- or
4-valved, containing 3 or 4 (rarely 1 to 6), comparatively large
roundish angulated macrospores. Microsporangia numerous, ovoid
or subglobular, containing very numerous microspores. Prothallium
developed on the apex of the macrospores, and fertilised by the
antherozoids escaping from the cells of the microspores as in
Isoetaceas.

GENUS Z-SELAGINELLA. Spring.

The only genus ; characters the same as those of the Order.

Name a diminutive of Selago, i.e. of Lycopodium Selago.

SPECIES L—SELAGI NELL A SE L AG I NOI DE S. Gray.

Plate 1829.

Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 63. Hook. Stud. Flor. p. 471.

S. spinulosa, A. Braun in Boll. Rhein Flor. p. 38. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 458.

Milde, Filic. Europ. p. 260. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 971. Fries,

Snmm. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Gren. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 656. Wilkomm &

Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. Vol. I. p. 14.
Lycopodium selaginoides, Linn. Spec. Plant, ed. iii. Vol. II. p. 1565. Smith, Eng. Bot.

ed. i. No. 1148, and Eng. Flor. Vol. IV. p. 332. Newman, Brit. Ferns, ed. ii.

p. 371.

Stem slender, shortly creeping, sparingly branched, with the
branches decumbent, ascending at the apex. Leaves all similar,
pointing in all directions, spreading or ascending, strap-shaped
lanceolate, very acute, remotely spinous - ciliate on the margins.
Spikes erect, cylindrical or clavate, solitary at the extremities of erect
branches thicker than the barren ones. Bracts spreading all round,
triangular-lanceolate, much larger than the leaves on the barren
shoots, and drawn out into a more acute point so as to be cuspidate,
strongly spinous-ciliate, passing without any break into the leaves of
the fertile branch. Macrosporangia 3- or 4-lobed, and 3- or 4-valved.
Macrospores with a few scattered papillae.

In boggy ground, especially by the sides of small streams and
ditches and on wet rocks ; frequent in mountainous districts, also, in
the north, on sandy ground near the sea. From Carnarvon, Flint,

SELAGINELLACEjE. 11

Chester, Derby and York, north to Orkney and Shetland. Rare in
the south, but frequent in the west, middle and north of Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Stem 1 to 2 inches long, rarely more. Leaves bright green,
shining -^q to y¥ inch long, with a faint midrib, and commonly with
1 or 2 projecting spine-like serratures or teeth, which however are
more conspicuous in the leaves towards the apex of the branches than
on those towards the base, where as well as on the stem leaves they
are sometimes absent. Spike-bearing branches 1 to 4 inches high,
erect from a decumbent base. The spike is from ^ to 1^ inch long.
Bracts TTo to ^ inch long, broad at the base, and much more strongly
spinous-ciliate and more acuminated than the leaves, at first adpressed,
afterwards spreading. Macrosporangia about ^ inch in diameter,
3-sided. Microsporangia placed in the axils of the upper branches,
and smaller than the macrosporangia.

Lesser Alpine Clubmoss,

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

SELAGINELLA HELVETICA. Linh

A specimen of this is included in Sherard's ' Herbarium,' but
without any record of locality ; with it, according to the Rev.
W. W. Spicer, there is a label in the form of a paragraph from
Ray's 'Synopsis,' ed. iii. From this it would seem Lobel (1570)
supposed it to have been gathered on the Mendip Hills, Somerset ;
and Merrett (16G7) by the Thames side at the Neathouses and
Kingsbridge, Middlesex. The last certainly an error ; the former
probably so. See Phyt. 1851, p. 384.

ORDER XCII— LYCOPODIAOEiE.

Herbs or small shrubs, often with creeping woody branched or
forked stems, having adventitious roots, or rarely with subterranean
branches apparently performing the office of roots, in one genus with
tuberous roots. Leaves small, often resembling those of Juniper, in
one genus all radical and subulate. Sporangia all similar, placed in
the axils of modified leaves or bracts, arranged in terminal spikes,
which often- resemble small cones, more rarely scattered over the

c 2

12 ENGLISH BOTANY.

upper part of the stem in the axils of the leaves, roundish or 3- or 4-lobed,
1- to 3-celled, 1- to 3-valved. Spores uniform, all extremely minute. In
the only case in which germinating spores have been observed (those
of Lycopodium annotinmn), they had produced an irregularly lobed
subterranean prothallium, destitute of chlorophyll, sparingly furnished
with small root-hairs ; the upper surface has numerous grooves and
protuberances, in which antheridia and archegonia were found con-
taining antherozoids. The archegonimn was not observed, but the
position it would occupy is indicated by the germinating plants. See
Sachs' ' Text Book of Botany,' translated by Bennett and Dyer,
p. 400. This agrees quite with the reproduction of Ophioglossiacese,
with which Berkeley has pointed out their connection previous to the
discovery of the prothallium mentioned above. See 'Introduction to
Crypt. Botany,' p. 549.

GENUS L— L YCOPODIUM. Linn.

Sporangia roundish-reniform, 1-celled, 2-valved ; spores marked
with 3 stride.

Herbs or small shrubs, often with creeping stems or rootstocks, and
small leaves like those of Juniper or Savin. Sporangia usually in
terminal spikes.

Name from avkos (lucos), wolf, and 7rovs (pous), foot, to which the extremity of the
stem has heen compared.

SPECIES L— LYCOPODIUM SELAGO. Linn.

Plate 1830.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 95.

Stem short, not creeping, decumbent at the base, repeatedly dicho-
tomous ; branches erect or ascending, approximate. Leaves all similar,
inserted all round the stem, crowded, 8-farious, adpressed or spreading,
lanceolate strap-shaped, acuminated and acute, pungent or sub-pungent,
entire, rarely spi nous-serrate. Sporangia in the axils of ordinary
leaves, not collected into terminal spikes, but distributed over the
greater part of the branches.

Tar. a. vulgatum,

Plate 1830.

Leaves imbricated, adpressed, at least on the ultimate divisions of
the branches.

LYCOPODIACE.F. 13

Tar. /3. recurvum.

Leaves spreading or reflexed, usually longer and more decidedly
strap-shaped than in var. a.

On heaths, rocks, and barren places, chiefly on mountainous dis-
tricts, although it is found over the whole of Britain from Cornwall,
Devon, and Sussex north to Orkney and Shetland ; but it is a scarce
plant in the low-lying counties of England. Frequent and widely
distributed throughout Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Stem short, or at least the rooting part of it, leafy to the base, often
reddish, forking 2 to 5 times into branches from 2 to 7 inches long,
very rarely a foot long ; these branches rise from the procumbent
part of the stem with a rather sudden curve, and when growino- on
rocks or beside hollows they frequently dip downwards before they
ascend. Leaves ^ to -^ inch long, those on the lower part of the stem
generally spreading or reflexed, and those in the upper part of the
branches adpressed, but every intermediate form occurs between the
extremes of the leaves being all adpressed, or all spreading; thev are
convex, beneath bright green or olive, and have no evident midrib.
Generally the branches are quite continuous, but sometimes they are
slightly annotinous, with slight indications of the annual growth.
There is no marked division between the spikes and the branches, the
leaves in the axils of which there are sporangia, being quite similar to
the others. The sporangia are sometimes confined to the apex of the
branches, but more usually are spread over the greater part of their
erect portion. On the upper part of the stem small buds or bulbils,
developed from the upper leaves, are to be found. These bulbils are
formed in an irregular 6-cleft calyx-like body, developed out of the
upper leaves ; the bulbils consist of 5 lobes, of which 2 remain small,
while the others develope into oval leaf-like bodies, ultimately at
least as long as and much broader than the leaves of the plant. The
bulbils appear to germinate whether they remain on the plant or fall
to the ground. A detailed account of them will be found in Xewman's
'British Ferns,' ed. ii. p. 378-380, and ' Phytologist ' for 1844,
pp. 84-86.

I have never seen British specimens of L. Selago with the leaves
spinous-serrate. Milde includes under L. Selago, L. suberectum,
Lowe, in which they are very conspicuously spinous-serrate ; but
this plant, from Madeira and the Azores, seems too different from
L. Selago not to be separated from it at least as a subspecies, to which
it has as good a claim as the North American L. lucidulum, Michaux.

Fir Clubmoss.

14 ENGLISH BOTANY.

SPECIES II.— L YCOPODIUM INUNDATUM. Linn.

Plate 1831.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 65.

Stem short, creeping, prostrate, applied to, and on the under side
actually imbedded in the ground, simple or very sparingly branched ;
branches at first ascending, afterwards prostrate. Leaves inserted
all round the stem, approximate, all turned upwards and slightly
falcated so as to be secund, or a few of them on the under side of the
stem adpressed to it, strap-shaped linear, tapering gradually to a very
acute point, not pungent nor bristle-pointed, entire. Fertile branches
1 on each stem, rarely 2 at intervals, very rarely 2 close together,
erect, densely leafy. Leaves on fertile branches similar to those of the
stem, but ascending or adpressed, not secund. Spike occupying from
half to one-third of the upper part of the fertile branch, oblong-
fusiform or clavate-cylindrical, with its bracts resembling the leaves
but larger, and broader towards the base, which has usually 1 tooth
or sometimes 2 teeth on each side.

On damp heaths, growing generally on peat or sand. Rather
frequent and generally distributed in England, with the exception of
Wales. Rare and local in Scotland, where it occurs on Tent's Muir,
Fife ; Inverarnon, Dumbarton ; and in the counties of Perth, Forfar,
Elgin, Inverness, Ross, and perhaps Kincardine. In Ireland it
appears to be very scarce, but has been found in counties Cork, Kerry,
and in the Connemara district of Gralway.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Stem 1 to 4 inches long, attached to the soil at intervals by wiry
roots. Fertile branches 1 to 4 inches high. Leaves ^ to ^ inch long,
rather dull green, especially the older ones, not shining, with a slender
midrib and a narrow hyaline margin. Spike always thicker than the
fertile branch that supports it, f to 2 inches long. Bracts -§- to ^j
inch long, at first adpressed, afterwards spreading, and ultimately
yellowish-olive. Sporangia transversely oval, opening near the base.

This is the only British Lycopodium in which the barren stems are
annual, the basal portion dying off each year.

The American plant, called L. inundatum, is larger and stouter,
with much longer and more subulate leaves, often with a few denticu-
lations. The spike is much more conspicuous than in the European
plant, and begins abruptly, and the leaves on its stalk have a tendency
to be verticillate, and are more distant. Probably it ought to be

LYCOPODIACEJi. 1 5

considered as a distinct subspecies, and bear the name Bigelovii,
which is given to the larger form of it. L. alopecuroides, Linn.,
another North American form, seems no more than a subspecies, with
the leaves conspicuously ciliate, especially towards the base : the
whole plant is much larger than L. inundatum.

Marsh Club -moss.

SPECIES IIL-LYCO PODIUM ANNOTINUM. Linn.

Plate 1832.

Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 67.

L. juuiperifolium, DC. Fl. Fr. Vol. IV. p. 572.

Stem very long, creeping, prostrate, much branched ; branches
ascending or erect, unbranched or irregularly once or twice dicboto-
mous. Leaves inserted all round the stem, rather distant, most of
them turned upwards and slightly falcate so as to be subsecund ; those
the under side of the stem mostly adpressed to it, lanceolate strap-
shaped, acute, not piliferous, entire or faintly denticulate ; leaves on
the branches 5-farious, crowded, ascending or spreading or slightly
reflexed, decurrent, linear strap-shaped or narrowly elliptical-strap-
shaped, acuminated and acute, pungent, remotely serrated, with
callous points ; those at the termination of each year's growth smaller
and adpressed, which gives the branches the appearance of being con-
stricted at intervals. Spikes oblong-cylindrical, subobtuse, terminating
some of the branches. Bracts yellow, deltoid-ovate or roundish,
abruptly acuminated so as to be cuspidate with the cusp frequently
drawn out into a long point, cordate at the base, finely denticulate
on the margins.

On heaths in mountainous districts. Rather local. On Grlyder
Fawr above Flyn-y-cwm, Carnarvonshire ; C barn wood Forest, Leices-
tershire ; Lake district. In the Scotch highlands it is more common,
occurring on the Breadalbane, Clova, Braemar, and Inverness moun-
tains. It is reported from Groatfell in Arran, and I have collected it
in the south of Mull at an elevation which from recollection I should
estimate at about 50 yards. In Orkney it occurs in Berridale, Hoy,
and I believe in Ronsay.

England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Stem 1 or more yards long, tough, wiry, flexuous, rooting at
distant intervals, sending up simple or once or twice forked branches
3 to 9 inches high. Leaves coriaceous, almost rigid, green inclining

16 ENGLISH BOTANY.

more or less to olive, slightly shining, with a midrib ending in a sharp,
almost spinous, point. Stem leaves ^- to ^ inch long ; branch leaves
^ to \ inch long, more serrated, and much closer together than
those of the stem. Spikes ^ to 1^ inch long, ^ to ^ inch in diameter,
often with a few of the leaves on the apex of the branch on which
it is placed adpressed and smaller than the lower ones, which gives
the spike the appearance of being shortly stalked. Bracts of the
spike variable in shape, from narrowly ovate to roundish reniform,
subcordate at the base, sometimes gradually acuminated into a trian-
gular point, at other times with a linear subsetaceous cusp.

The North American plant appears to be identical with the
European.

Interrupted Club-moss,

SPECIES 1V.-LYCO PODIUM CLAVATUM. Linn.

Plate 1833.
Raberih. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 66.

Stem very long, creeping, much branched ; branches at first
ascending, afterwards prostrate, unbranched or irregularly dichotomous
or pinnate. Leaves inserted all round the stem, approximate, most
of them turned upwards and slightly falcate, so as to be subsecund ;
those on the under side of the stem adpressed to it, linear strap-
shaped, acute, piliferous, finely and rather remotely spinous-dentate ;
leaves on the branches crowded, more closely placed than on the
main stem, adpressed or ascending, incurved, similar to those on the
stem, but less denticulate and the upper ones often quite entire.
Peduncles from the termination of short branches, elongate, furnished
with irregular whorls of small subulate leaves with membranous den-
ticulate margins and terminal hairs, which are usually somewhat
shorter than those of the stem-leaves. Spikes in pairs, more rarely
solitary or three together, shortly pedicellate, linear-cylindrical or
oblong-cylindrical, subobtuse. Bracts yellow, deltoid-ovate, gradually
acuminated into a long cusp, which, at least in the lower bracts, often
terminates in a hair, rounded at the base, finely denticulate on the
margins.

On heaths and stony places. Rather frequent and generally dis-
tributed, though more common in mountainous districts.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Stem attaining the length of 1 or 2 yards, or even more ; -tough,
wiry, rooting at distant intervals, much branched, but the branches

LYCOPODIACE.E. 17

seldom remain erect or ascending- after they are 1 or 2 inches high.
Leaves ^ to ^ inch long, exclusive of the white hair-like point, rather
thin, bright green, with an evident midrib. Peduncles 1 to 4 inches
long, rather slender; spikes 1^ to 2^ inches long. Bracts at first
adpressed and greenish, ultimately spreading or reflexed at the point,
and straw-yellow. Sporangia reniform.

When L. clavatum is in fruit it cannot be mistaken for any
other British species, this being the only one which has the spikes
supported on a long slender peduncle. But sometimes when the
hair-like point of the leaves is short, the barren stem bears some
resemblance to that of L. annotinum ; the leaves, however, of L. cla-
vatum are thinner in texture, brighter green, less decurrent, and
without the rigid almost prickly point which is found in L. anno-
tinum ; they are also less spreading, and almost always some of
them at least have a white wool-like point, which indeed is some-
times as long as the leaf, and in the young plant generally forms a
little tuft at the end of the growing branches. The North American
L. clavatum is quite similar to the European.

Common Club-moss.

SPECIES V.-LYCOPODIUM ALPINUM. Linn.

Plate 1834.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. No. 96.

Stem rather long, creeping, prostrate, much branched. Branches
ascending or erect, regularly two or three times dichotomous, so as to
appear fasciculate ; the ultimate branches of each fascicle of nearly
equal length, approximate. Leaves inserted in four rows : those on
the main stem remote and scale-like, strap-shaped, obtuse or sub-
acute, entire ; those on the branches approximate ; the lateral ones
opposite, placed edgeways to the stem, triangular subulate, falcate,
broadest at the base, very acute, entire ; those of the upper row
imbricated, smaller than the lateral ones, narrowly elliptical-subulate,
affixed by a narrow base, acute, entire ; those of the lower row not
imbricated, similar to those of the upper row, but smaller. Fertile
branchlets repeatedly dichotomous, approximate, equal in length,
usually conspicuously longer than the accompanying barren branch-
lets, with the leaves regularly imbricated in four rows round the
stem, all similar, adpressed, lanceolate-subulate. Spikes solitary and
sessile at the extremities of the ultimate divisions of the fertile
branchlets, cylindrical; bracts ovate acuminated into a triangular
cusp, subcordate, erose or denticulate.

On bare arid stony places, common on mountains, but rare in low

VOL. XII. D

18 EXGLTSH BOTANY.

districts. With the exception of a station at Dunkerry beacon, south
Somerset, it does not occur in the south of England, but from Car-
digan, Brecon, Montgomery, Denbigh, Chester, Derby, and York, it
is found northwards, as far as Orkney and Shetland. It occurs
from north to south of Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Stem very tough, wiry, often partially buried, 9 inches to 2 feet
long, round, whitish, with minute scale-like leaves. Branches § to
5 inches high, produced at intervals ; but each branch is so repeatedly
divided that it looks like a little shrub. The barren branches, from
the mode in which the leaves are inserted, appear flattened, convex
above and concave beneath, with a ridge formed by the line of lower
leaves. The leaves have some resemblance to those of the Savin, and
are coriaceous, -^o 1° i incn long, rather pale dull green above, still
paler and glaucous beneath. Ultimate branchlets ^ to 2 inches long.
Fertile branchlets 1 to 3 inches high, repeatedly dichotomous like the
sterile ones, so that the spikes are produced in level-topped fascicles,
containing commonly some multiple of four, such as 8 or 16 spikes.
Spikes £ to § inch long, a little thicker than the branches which
support them. Scales at first olive and adpressed, afterwards yel-
lowish-brown and spreading. Sporangia reniform, opening to the
base.

Savin-leaved Club-moss.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

LYCOPODIUM COMPLANATUM. Linn.

Beported from near Bramshot, Hants, and from Worcestershire,
but requires confirmation. Under L. complanatum are included two
plants — L. anceps, Wallroth, to which many authors confine the name
of complanatum ; the other L. Chaimecyparissus, A. Braun. Both
these grow in Belgium and Scandinavia, and L. Chamaacyparissus in
France. It is by no means unlikely to occur in Britain, especially as
L. alpinum is not recorded from either of the supposed stations for
L. complanatum. The barren branches of the two are so similar,
that they can scarcely be distinguished ; but in L. complanatum
the spikes, 2 to 6 in number, are borne on a long peduncle, as in
L. clavatum. Dr. Milde thinks it not improbable that L. alpinum
may be merely a form of L. complanatum.

( 19 )

ORDER XCIIL— OPHIOGLOSSACEH.

Perennial herbs, frequently with a tuberous root producing 1 or
more fronds with straight (not circinate) vernation. Frond com-
monly with 2 branches, the lower sterile, the upper fertile ; very
rarely the fertile frond is separate from the barren one, though some
species produce accessory sterile fronds, or sterile fronds only on
young and weak plants. Sporangia in simple or compound spikes,
naked, coriaceous, without any thickened ring, 2-valved, opening by
a transverse slit, rarely by a vertical slit. Spores all similar,
very minute. Prothallium subterranean, destitute of chlorophyll,
tuberiform.

The sporangia in Ophioglossaceae are produced by a metamor-
phosis of the leaf itself, not from a single epidermal cell, as in
Filices, from which these plants differ also in their straight vernation
and subterranean prothallium destitute of chlorophyll.

GENUS L—O PHIOGLOSSUM. Linn.

Herbs with a short fleshy tuberiform caudex, praemorse below.
New frond produced exterior to the base of the stalk of that of the
preceding year. Barren branch of the frond entire, more rarely
forked or palmate ; fertile branch stalked, undivided. Sporangia
connate, disposed in a stalked 2-ranked simple linear flattened spike.

Xame from oc£is (opits), serpent, and yAwcrcra (jjlossa), tongue.

SPECIES I.-OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM. Linn.

Plate 1835.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 7.

Caudex oblong-cylindrical, very slightly swollen. Fronds usually
solitary. Barren segment or frond ovate or oval or elliptical, rarely
oblanceolate-elliptical,not greatly attenuated at the base, entire, rather
thick, fleshy ; veins conspicuous in the dried plant when held against
the light, anastomosing and forming rather elongate areolae at the
base and centre of the frond, and short roundish-polygonal ones at
the margin ; primary areola? containing secondary ones ; cells of the
epidermis flexuose-sided. Spike stalked, strapshaped-linear, com-
pressed, apiculate ; stalk cylindrical. Spores tubercled.

D 2

20 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Var. a. genuina.

Plate 1835.

Frond solitary, very rarely with a second frond or a barren frond
from the same caudex. Barren segment or barren frond generally
widest below the middle, more or less rounded at the base, or at least
not greatly attenuated, even in fronds which have no fertile spike.
Plant 4 to 15 inches high ; spike § to If inches long.

Var. ft. poly pi iy Hum. A. Br.

A Braun in Seubert's Flora Azoriea, p. 17. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 189.

O. vulgatum, var. microstichum, " Acliarius" T. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed.

Vol. II. p. 336.
O. vulgatum, var. ambiguum, Coss. & Germ. Fl. cles Env. de Paris, ed. ii. p. 874. Bab.

Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. 455.
0. vulgatum, polyphyllum, a. intermedium, Vigineix, and b. cuspidatum, Milde, Fil.

Europ. pp. 188-189.
0. Azoricum, Presl, Suppl. Tent. Pterid. p. 309, teste Milde.

Fronds often with a second frond, or 1 or even 2 barren fronds
from the same caudex. Barren segment or barren frond generally
widest at or even above the middle, attenuated at the base, at least
in those fronds which have no fertile spike. Plant 1 to 7 inches
high ; spike i to 3 inch long.

In meadows and pastures, rather common, and generally dis-
tributed throughout England, rather rare in Scotland extending
north to Aberdeen, Elgin, Perth, and Argyle ; possibly the Burn of
Sandybank, Scalloway, Shetland, may be a locality for var. a, but
more probably it produces var. /3. Frequently throughout Ireland.

Var. /3 in elevated sandy ground, Scilly Islands, St. Agnes (Mr.
F. Townsend), St. Martin's (Mr. I. Half's). Between Barmouth and
Harlech, Merioneth (Mr. C. Bailey). In Orkney it is found at
Barnorie (Swanbister), and Voeness Point, Smoogrow, both in Orphir,
seen by myself; Black Craig, Stromness (Miss P. Duchar) ; Calf of
Flotta (Mr. W. Irvine Fortescue), Calf of Cava (Dr. H. Halcro
Johnston), Fara (Mr. J. Johnston), Huncla and Eysay Little (Miss
Fortescue), all in Scalpa Flow.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer. (Var. fi in

Orkney. Autumn.)

Caudex fusiform, yellowish, marked with transverse pits producing
fleshy fibres about the thickness of a darning-needle, which are
brittle, some of them forming buds on their upper surface close to

OPHIOGLOSSACE.E. 21

the extremity from whence new fronds are developed. From the top
of the caudex arises the frond, with its base enveloped in an olive-
brown stipule-like sheath, the remains of the covering which en-
velopes the bud. At the time of fructification an elongated conical
bud is found, which is the rudiment of the frond of the succeeding
year. At the same time there may be seen the withered remains of
the scale which enclosed the frond of the preceding year, and the
scars whence still earlier fronds have rotted, and it is these scars
which give a pitted appearance to the caudex. Fertile frond 4 to 15
inches high, the barren branch usually placed about the middle, but
very variable in this respect; barren branch resembling a sessile
decurrent leaf embracing the base of the stalk of the spike, 1 J to 4
inches long, varying from broadly ovate or oval to rather narrowly
elliptical, acute or rather obtuse, entire at first, convolute when it
appears above the ground in April, afterwards with the sides folded
together, ultimately opening out until it is nearly flat. Fertile
branch of the frond consisting of a stalked spike. The length of the
stalk of the spike seems to have no relation to the luxuriance of the
plant. In my herbarium are specimens with the stalk of the spike
from a little over 1 inch to nearly 8 inches* Spike f to 2 inches
long, linear, flattened on both faces, but with a wider space between
the series of sporangia on the side away from the barren branch ; on
each side of the groove, i.e. at the edges of the spike the sporangia
are imbedded, they are contiguous and adherent to each other and at
length open by a wide transverse slit ; the apex of the spike is
apiculate, and bare of sporangia. The spores are very minute and
of the same sulphur colour as those of the genus Lycopodium ;
they are subglobular, and marked with distinct blunt tubercles.
Occasionally there are two spikes produced and more have been
observed, though not by myself.

In young or weakly plants the frond consists solely of a barren
branch, quite similar to that of the barren branch of the complete
frond ; like it, it is thick, fleshy, bright green ; it is so thick that when
held up against the light when living the venation is scarcely per-
ceptible, but when the plant is dried it may be very clearly seen ;
there is no midrib, but the veins anastomose, forming meshes which
are long and narrow towards the base and along the centre of the frond,
but become smaller and shorter in proportion as they approach the
margin ; the primary meshes are again divided into smaller meshes
by finer anastomosing veins : some of these secondary veins are often
free.

Of var. /3 there are two forms ; that found by Mr. Townsend in
the Scilly Isles and the Orkney plants from the Calf of Flotta and the
Calf of Cava belong to the form termed intermedium by Vigineix and,
according to Milcle, the 0. vulgatum var. ambiguum of Cosson and
Germain. My specimens are from 1 to 2^ inches high; the barren
branch of the frond is broadly oval and situated usually above the

22 ENGLISH BOTANY.

middle of the step so that the spike has a stalk sometimes as short
as ^ inch, or even less. The Orphir plant appears to be the form
termed cuspidatum by Milde ; some of my specimens of it are quite
similar to the specimens of 0. polyphyllum, which I have from
Madeira and the Azores; it is generally 2 to 4 inches high, but in
the year 1855 I found specimens 7 inches high, though in no other
year have I found them above 5 inches and generally less. The
barren branch is usually placed below the middle of the stem and
mostly very conspicuously so, so that the stalk of the fertile branch
is 3 or 4 times longer than the portion between the caudex and the
barren segment. Two fronds from one caudex are common, and
frequently these accessory fronds are without a spike. In both
forms the spike is from i to f inch long. Except in this particular
and in size it does not differ from the ordinary form of 0. vulgatum.
In Orkney it grows only on fine short grass, often within the
earthen enclosures where sheep are driven, termed " buchts." Culti-
vated in pots in a cool greenhouse it maintains its small size, and
fruits freely, but it appears to be much less hardy than the common
Ophiogiossum, and I cannot get it to thrive in the open ground ;
it seldom survives more than the one season after it is planted out,
and I have never got it to produce a fertile spike in the garden,
though the common form of 0. vulgatum grows wild about Balmuto.
The plant is quite easy to cultivate and certainly does not require
to grow amongst herbage ; it increases rapidly by means of the root-
fibres which run along almost horizontally beneath the surface of the
ground. Some of these become swollen at the extremity, and beneath
this swelling a root is formed — apparently a continuation of the fibre on
which the swelling exists ; the swelling developes into a bud which in
the succeeding year produces a barren frond ; the year after, this is suc-
ceeded by another barren frond, and it is not till the third or fourth
year that a frond with both barren and fertile branches is developed.
As the runner-like roots persist for more than one year, we frequently
find two or more plants in different stages of development connected
by them with the parent. A detailed account of the growth of
Ophioglossum vulgatum, by Mons. Duval Jouve, will be found in
C. Billot, ' Annotations a la Flore de France et d'AUemagne,' pp.
247-250.

Common Adder s-tongue.

SPECIES II.-OPHIOGLOSSUM LUS IT ANICUM. Linn.

Plate 1836.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 28 and 111.

Caudex oblong-fusiform, slightly swollen. Primary frond often
accompanied by 1 or more barren ones. Barren segment or frond
greatly attenuated at the base, strapshaped-elliptical or strapshaped-

0PHI0GL0S3ACE.E. 23

oblanceolate, entire, very thick and fleshy ; veins scarcely observable
(even in the dried plant) when held against the light, anastomosing
and forming a few elongate areola? ; primary areola? usually without
secondary ones ; cells of the epidermis straight-sided. Spike stalked,
oblong or linear-oblong, compressed, rostrate ; stalk slightly thickened
upwards. Spores without tubercles.

In pastures, very local, discovered by Mr. George Wolsey in the
island of Guernsey ; u it occurs amid short and very level herbage
sloping towards the south, on the summit of rocks on the south coast
of the island and not far from Petit Bot Bay. On this elevated down
are a few scattered and stunted furze bushes, and around these the
grass is as usual somewhat longer, and here the little Adder's-tongue
is not quite so minute as on the level turf where it scarcely attains an
inch in height. It grows in company with Trichonema Columnar
and Scilla autumnalis, and on the 17th of January was in full fruit."
(' Phytologist,' 1854, p. 80.)

In the fifth edition of the 'History of British Ferns,' p. 195, the
late Mr. E. Newman states that it is found also near the Land's End
in Cornwall, but I have been unable to get any information about the
Cornish locality. Mr. H. Chichester Hart reports it from " the north
side of Horn Head, Donegal," where he found a " fewT plants in
August, 1878." (< Journ. of Bot,' 1879, p. 149.) From the date of
fruiting and the unlikeliness of 0. Lusitanicum occurring so far north,
I fear it is likely to prove 0. vulgatum, var. /3. polyphyllum.

England ? Ireland ? Channel Islands ! Perennial. Winter.

The Guernsey plant is 1 to 2 inches high. The sterile branch of
the frond is generally placed about the middle of the stem, and is
^ to 1 inch long, very much attenuated at the base, acute ; the stalk
of the spike varies from \ to 1 inch. The spike itself is from -^ to
t3q inch long.

Besides the small size and the winter fructification, 0. Lusitanicum
offers several points of contrast with 0. vulgatum, although it does
present some resemblance to the smaller states of the var. polyphyllum
of the latter, with which it agrees in having often more fronds than
one produced simultaneously from one cauclex. In 0. Lusitanicum
the caudex is considerably more swollen and tuber-like than in
0. vulgatum. The barren fronds and barren segments of the
complete frond are always narrower and much more attenuated at
the base, much thicker in texture, so that it is difficult to make out
the venation; but this may be done by steeping the dried plant in
water, and holding it against the light. The network of veins is then
seen to have the meshes much more uniformly elongated, and the

24 ENGLISH BOTA.VY.

primary meshes do not (or but rarely) contain secondary veins. The
cells of the epidermis are separated by straight boundary lines, while
in 0. vulgatum the boundaries of the cells are sinuous. The spike
contains fewer sporangia in each row ; in the Guernsey plant they
are three to six on each side ; but I have Continental specimens with
as many as ten in the row, and Milde says there are sometimes nine-
teen. The sporangia do not extend so near the apex of the spike as
in 0. vulgatum, the bare part extending like a little point or spur
beyond the fertile part and bearing a much greater proportion to the
length of the spike than in 0. vulgatum. The spores are consider-
ably smaller than in 0. vulgatum, and are quite smooth.

Dwarf Adder* s-tongue.

GENUS II— B OTRYCHIUM. Schwartz.

Herbs with the caudex not tuber-like, passing downwards into a
slender creeping branched root. Frond produced within the base of
the stalk of that of the preceding year. Barren branch of the frond
varying from oblong and pinnate or even only pinnatifid to deltoid and
ternately decompound ; fertile branch stalked or subsessile, once to
3 or 4 times compound, oblong-triangular or deltoid, nearly all in
one plane or incurved. Sporangia free, disposed in a distichous
compound or decompound spike.

Name from /36rpv<; (botrus), a bunch of grapes, from the appearance of the fertile
branch of the frond.

SPECIES I.-B OTRYCHIUM LUNARIA. Schwartz.

Plate 1837.

Babenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 9.

B. lunatum, Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Plants, Vol. II. p. 19.

Osmunda Lunaria, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1519. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 318.

Base of the frond without a slit on one side where it encloses the
bud that forms the frond of the succeeding year. Sterile segment of
the frond placed about the middle or above the middle of the whole
frond, sessile, oblong or ovate-oblong, pinnate ; terminal segment
truncate and incised at the apex ; pinnae lunate or fan-shaped, entire
or crenate, or more rarely incised at the apex, without a midrib ;
veins radiating from the base, repeatedly forked, not extending quite
to the margin ; cells of the epidermis straight-sided. Fertile branch
of the frond conspicuously stalked ; stalk often exceeding the length

OPHIOGLOSSACE.E. 25

of the barren portion ; lamina a compound spike, triangular or
deltoid, with the primary branches spreading.

Var. a. genuinum.
Margins of the pinnas entire or crenate.

Var. /3. incisum. Milde.

B. Lunaria, var. Moorei, Loice, Native Ferns, Vol. II. Tab. 76 b.
B. Lunaria, var. rutaceum, Fries, Sunim. Veg. Scand. pp. 83, 252.

Margins of the pinme rather deeply and irregularly incised.

In pastures and on heaths where the herbage is short. Not very
common but generally distributed, occurring from the extreme south
of England north to Orkney and Shetland. Sparsely distributed
throughout Ireland, and reported in the ' Cybele Hibernica ' to be
plentiful in some of the limestone pastures of Galway and Clare.
Var. /3, Halifax, Yorkshire ; Crosby Ravensworth, Westmoreland ;
Horsier, Tyneside, Northumberland ! Pentland Hills, Edinburgh '

-w-r- . 7 O '

Kilnasaton, Dublin.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Caudex or rootstock obliquely descending, thickened upwards,
creeping, sending forth fleshy root-fibres which are simple or once or
twice branched. Plant 2 to 10 inches high ; stipes stout, clothed at
the base with a brown lacerated membrane formed from the decayed
frond of the preceding year, and enclosing within its hollow base
the rudiment of the succeeding year's frond. Sterile branch \ to 3
inches long, with from 3 to 8 pairs of fleshy bright-green pinnae.
These pinnee are from \ to \ inch long and usually broader, the
larger ones nearly semicircular and attached by a wedge-shaped
base, each side of which is curved, so as to leave a blunt cusp directed
backwards on either side where it meets the curve of the semicircle ;
the upper pinnae attain little more than a quarter of a circle, and
have the wedge-shaped base more excavated on the posterior than
on the anterior side of the base. The pinna? are all connected by a
herbaceous strip down each side of the midrib of the barren branch of
the frond ; when young these pinnas or segments are folded inwards
over the fertile branch of the spike, the lower cusp of each pinna over-
lapping the upper cusp of the pinna situated below it ; the terminal
lobe is commonly trifid. The stalk of the fertile branch between
the barren branch and the base of the spike is from ^ to 2^- inches
long ; the spike itself is from ^ to 2\ inches, the primary branches
spread horizontally to the right and left ; these branches, or at least
the lower ones, are generally compound and triangular, becoming

VOL. XTI. E

26 ENGLTSH BOTANY.

shorter as they approach the apex of the spike ; but more rarely
they are twice compound, and in small specimens they are all simple.
The sporangia are arranged along the edges of the ultimate divisions
of the spike, on their inner side, that is, looking towards the barren
frond ; they are about the size of poppy-seed or a little larger, at first
green, afterwards orange. The spores are pale yellowish-white,
roundish-trigonous, smooth, areolated.

The var. /3 scarcely deserves mention. It differs merely in the
crenatures which are often present in the more common form, being
separated by more or less deep incisions of unequal depth, so as to
give a fimbriated appearance to the margins of the pinna?.

Monstrosities occur in which the barren branch is tripartite, each
division resembling the ordinary barren branch of the frond. This is
the var. tripartitum of Moore (' Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed.
vol. ii. pp. 324 and 332), which was found at Kilmashogue Hill, co.
Dublin, by the late Dr. Kinahan, and called by him var. cristatum.
I have a monstrous specimen from Southerness, Kirkcudbright, col-
lected by the late Sir William Jardine, in which the fertile branch is
tripartite, producing 3 spikes. I have another from Northumberland,
in which, from the side of the barren segment, a branch is produced,
the lower part of which is barren and the upper fertile. I have 2, one
from Northumberland and the other from Kirkcudbright, in which,
from the base of the lowest pinna of the fertile segment, a stalked
compound spike is produced ; and lastly, I have one from Northum-
berland in which sporangia are placed round the edges of the pinna?
of the barren segment.

Botrychium Lunaria evidently increases by subterranean buds ;
but the origin of these buds has not, so far as I know, been ascer-
tained. In all probability they are developed at the extreme apex of
runner-like shoots, or in the axils of their forks. The bud so pro-
duced remains in a rudimentary state underneath the ground, instead
of springing up at once into a barren frond, and it is not until the
fourth year that it rises above ground, at which time both fertile and
barren branches are fully developed. The plant is said to appear in
April ; but in cultivation I have never found it do so earlier than the
beginning of May, and it dies off in August. If the base of the stipes
of the plant be cut longitudinally, it will be found to contain the
young frond of the ensuing year, and within this the frond for the
next again. This has been worked out by the late Mr. Newman,
whose observations were made in May 1843, and he found that each
frond was placed alternately, "t.e., having laid all the specimens
before me with the fruit on the right-hand and the leafy portion on
the left, then the frond for 1844 invariably had the fruit on the left
and the leafy portion on the right ; the frond for 1845 appearing to
be again reversed, having the fruit on the right and the leafy portion
on the left." (Newman, 'Brit. Ferns,' ed. iii. p. 316.)

There is not the slightest reason for thinking that the Moonwort

OPHIOGLOSSACE.E. 27

or the Adder's-tongue is parasitic, yet fern-growers seem to think it
cannot be cultivated for any length of time unless grown in a tuft of
grass. Mr. Newman goes the length of saying that it should be dug
up with a large sod and placed in a pot, and the grass kept short
with a pair of scissors, and watered in dry weather " for the purpose
of keeping the grass green and vigorous ;" and Mr. Moore states that
Mr. "Wollaston, one of the most successful cultivators of Ferns, has
told him " that he finds that to keep the plant over the second year,
it is absolutely necessary to grow it in a tuft of grass." I have
grown plants of it for 4 years in an unheated greenhouse without
any herbage about it, and it thrives well. The plants were taken up
in June, the whole of the surrounding grass removed, but the soil
left about the roots. They were potted in light loam from mole-
hills in the field where they grew, interspersed with fragments of
limestone for drainage, and received no attention except removing
any extraneous plant that appeared in the pot. Previously, I had
tried growing it with grass, and found the grass flourished and the
Botrychium died. I suspect each frond is short-lived, as in the wild
state it is often not seen for years in a spot where it has been found.

Moon-wort.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

BOTRYCHIUM RUTACEUM. Schwartz.

B. matricariifolium, A. Braun. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 195.
B. Lunaria, var. 8, Sm. Eng. FL Yol. IT. p. 328.

The supposed authority for this is a passage in Ray's ' Synopsis/
where he mentions a plant, " Lunariam minorem ramosam et Lunariam
min. fol. dissectis. Westmoreland. D. Lawson hujus plantae varie-
tates esse; non distinctas species opinatur. D. Doody ('Syn.' 11.
App. 340) Lunariam minorem foliis dissectis revera distinctam
speciem vult, cum segmenta seu lunulas non solum eminenter sint sectae,
sed planta etiam elatior sit et botrus racemosior. Est Lunaria botrytis
minor pinnulis laciniatis in Borealibus nostris (Pluk. Ann. 288).
Mr. Doody received it from Sir Thomas YYillughby, but " hath since
seen it several times gathered by our herbwomen." (Raii ' Syn.' 129.)

From this passage Mr. Newman draws the following conclusions : —

" 1. That Ray supposed there were two British species of Botry-
chium distinct from Lunaria.

" 2. That Mr. Lawson thought them both varieties of Lunaria.

E 2

28 ENGLISH BOTANY.

" 3. That Dillenius believed one of them, described as with ' foliis
dissectis,' to be a distinct species.

" 4. That this species, or supposed species, was ' found by or known
to Ray, Lawson, Doody, "Willughby, and the herbwomen.' " (Newman,
1 Phyt.' 1854, p. 30.)

No one can doubt that Mr. Newman is right in his deductions,
but I do not see how they prove Ray's plant to be B. rutaceum.
There is no mention of the midrib to the pinnae, nor of their being
pinnatifid : and the mere mention of lunules in connection with the
pinnae would seem to exclude the idea of B. rutaceum, in which the
pinnae have no lunate appearance whatever. Again, B. rutaceum is
ordinarily a smaller plant than B. Lunaria. I am inclined to add
a fifth deduction to those of Mr. Newman, viz. :

5th. That this species or supposed species is B. Lunaria, ft. incisum,
M'tlde, which I have mentioned in its proper place.

There still remains a passage in Smith's 'English Flora.' After
describing the ordinary form of B. Lunaria, he adds the following
paragraph : —

" (3 has a branched stalk, bearing several leaves and compound
spikes alternately disposed, y is a very slight variety, with more
jagged leaflets than ordinary. S has pinnatifid leaflets and a more
spreading habit. All these varieties, and perhaps others, are found
occasionally intermixed here and there with the plant in its proper or
common form ; but never, as far as I could learn, so numerously
distinct as to have the appearance of a different species." (Sm.
'Engl. Fl.' vol. iv. p. 329.)

In this paragraph ft is the monstrous form termed tripartitum
by Mr. Moore ; y is the plant I have before mentioned as B. Lunaria,
j3. incisum ; and 8 is probably the true B. rutaceum. Smith appears,
if not to have seen, at least to have heard of, the occasional occur-
rence of all these forms ; and as B. rutaceum is a plant likely to
occur in Britain, and liable to be overlooked, it is just possible
that it may really be a native.

BOTRYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM. Angstrom.
B. rutaceum, Newm. in part, Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. pp. 320-324.

Mr. Newman writes of a Botrychium, which he supposes to be
B. rutaceum, " Mr. Cruickshank says in a note : ' I found it on the
Sands of Barry, near Dundee, in August, 1830. I observed but

h

FILICES. 29

three specimens, all of them exactly alike excepting a small difference
in size, and I could find none of the common form of the plant
growing near them.' Mr. Cruickshank sent me a drawing, which I
did not at the time recognise as representing the present species
(B. rutaceum). A carefully accurate engraving of this will be found
at p. 324, Newman's Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 321."

Of this drawing Mr. Moore says, " Dr. Milde's own illustrations of
B. lanceolatum, including Fl. Dan. T. 18, fig. dext. are most nearly
accordant with the figure of the Dundee j^lant, which should
probably bear the name of var. lanceolatum instead of rutaceum,
hitherto applied to it." (Moore, * Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed.
vol. ii. p. 332.)

Under B. lanceolatum Dr. Milde says, " Newm. Hist, of Brit.
Ferns, 1854, figura pag. 324, ad B. lanceolatum pertinere videtur "
(Milde, <Fil. Europ.'p. 197).

I do not think there can be any doubt that Mr. Newman's figure
here referred to represents B. lanceolatum, and not B. rutaceum ;
neither have I any doubt that Dr. Milde is right in considering
that B. Lunaria, B. rutaceum, and B. lanceolatum are three distinct
species. Unfortunately no further information can be obtained about
the plant from the Sands of Barry, nor can any of Mr. Cruickshank's
three specimens be traced to their present owners, so far as I can
discover. No one else has found it there, still B. lanceolatum seems
to have a better claim to be included in the British lists than
B. rutaceum."

OEDER XCIY.— F I L I C E S.

Herbs, rarely trees, very rarely annuals, sometimes with creeping
buried or exposed rootstocks, in which case the leaves or fronds are
few and distant, in other cases with a stem (caudex) or in Tree-ferns
a trunk, producing a circle of fronds like the feathers of a shuttle-
cock. Fronds very various in shape and division, usually supported
on a stalk (stipes) which is continued as a midrib through the expanded
part of the frond, and there is termed the rachis. SjDorangia borne
on the back or margin of the fronds, usually attached to the veins,
each formed from a single epidermal cell, opening transversely
or longitudinally, with a more or less complete vertical or trans-
verse or apical ring of thickened tissue (annulus). The sporangia
are collected into groups termed sori, which are round, oblong,

30 ENGLISH BOTANY.

linear, or curved, and sometimes naked, sometimes covered when
young by a membrane (induskan), sometimes enclosed in pouches
{involucres). Prothallium flat, green, resembling a frondose Liver-
wort, producing on its under side archegonia and antheridia, the
former producing a new plant when fertilised by the antherozoids of
the antheridia.

According to Dr. TV. Gr. Farlow, in Pteris serrulata, the prothallium
was found in about 50 cases to produce a young plant, where no
traces of archegonia were seen. See ' Journ. Bot.' 1874, p. 185.
If this viviparous production of young plants be general, it may
account for the numerous curious facts that occur in the rearing of

o

Ferns from spores.

Suborder I— 0 SMUNDACE^l.

Sporangia with an incomplete annulus on one side immediatelv
beneath the apex, opening by a longitudinal slit on the side opposite
to the incomplete annulus, and extending across the apex.

GENUS I.—O S M U N D A. Linn.

Caudex massive. Fronds tufted, coriaceous or herbaceous, pinnate
or bipinnate. Sporangia on a separate frond or on a portion of a frond
so contracted that it appears to be made up of clusters of sporangia
arranged in a compound spike, rarely with the barren portion inter-
rupted by a few fertile lateral pinnae.

Name Osmunda, a Saxon name of the god Thor. But some authors derive it from
Osmund, a Saxon waterman, who is said to have hidden his wife and children among
the Royal Fern on an island in Loch Lomond, during an incursion of the Danes.

SPECIES I.-O SMUNDA REGALIS. Linn.
Plate 1838.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 10.

Stipes nearly as long as the laminaB of the frond, rarely only
half as long. Barren frond subcoriaceous, pale green, glabrous when
mature, clothed with cinnamon-coloured arachnoid hairs when young,
which come off in floccose patches as the frond developes, oblong
or ovate-oblong, with a triangular apex, bipinnate ; ultimate pinnules
strap-shaped or oblong strap-shaped, obliquely truncate or sometimes
half-cordate at the base, tapering towards the subobtuse or subacute

FILICES. 31

apex, very minutely serrulate or crenate, or almost entire ; veins
running from the midrib of the pinnules to their margins, twice or
thrice forked. Fertile fronds similar to the barren ones, but with

3 to 9 of the upper pairs of pinnaa and the apex of the frond bearing-
contracted spur-shaped pinnules, thickly clothed with roundish and
often coalescent glomerules of sporangia.

In bogs, meadows, wet heaths, and damp woods, and on wet ledges
of rock. Sparingly distributed over England and Scotland, but much
more abundant towards the west side of the island, extending from
Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, and Kent, to Sutherland
and Caithness. It does not appear to be recorded from Orkney ; but
I think the late Mr. Robert Heddle told me he had found it there.
Generally distributed throughout Ireland, but there also more
plentiful in the west.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant with few heads, the caudex attaining a large size before it
divides; divisions of the caudex nearly vertical, thickly clothed with
the decayed bases of former fronds, in old luxuriant plants sometimes
attaining a height of 2 feet above the ground, but in exposed situations
only rising a few inches. Fronds 5 to 12, erect or when very
luxuriant arching backwards, usually 2 to 4 feet high, but in favour-
able localities often much taller. I have seen it 5 or 6 feet high in
the Isle of Bute; Mr. Newman has measured fronds 8 feet high on
the banks of Loch Fyne ; Mr. W. Bennett records it about the
same height in Merivale Wood, at the foot of Leith Hill, Surrey ; and
Mr. T. Moore says it is occasionally 10 to 12 feet high in very
clamp, sheltered spots. The rachis is attached by a narrow base to
the caudex, and gives off a strong root-fibre from its back above
the point of attachment, above which it is greatly enlarged and fur-
nished on each side with a stipule-like expansion, something like
the blade of a feather, or still more like the pen found in the cuttle-
fish called the squid (Loligo) : in large plants this wing is from 2 to

4 inches long, projecting ^ to ^ an inch, it ends rather abruptly
upwards ; it is plicate and crisped at the margin, and splits readily
from above obliquely downwards. The rachis itself is green, convex
on the back, flattened on the anterior surface, which is bounded by
two slightly raised rounded strips ; when cut through the vascular
bundle is visible as a curved line with its two free ends rolled in-
wards. The fronds are at first tinged with reddish but become pea-
green when mature, they have 5 to 9 pairs of rather distant and
nearly opposite pinnse; the pinnules or ultimate segments are sub-
sessile, 5 to 14 pairs in each pinna, each one f to 2f inches long
by j to | inch broad ; they are placed nearly opposite to each

6 L ENGLISH BOTANY.

other, and are more developed on the lower side than on the upper ;
their texture is very firm, and their surface throws off rain or dew
without being wetted. The veins are either given off from the midrib
in pairs or divide immediately after leaving it, and are again often
once or twice forked, the ultimate segments running into the notches
between the extremely minute serrulations, and not into their apices.
The fronds begin to develope in May, and perish with the first sharp
frost. The fertile fronds have from 2 to 6 of the lower pair of pinna?
quite like those of the barren fronds, but the upper ones have the
pinnae cut down to a winged midrib, from each side of which herba-
ceous processes are given off, round which the sporangia are
clustered. These metamorphosed pinnae are from \ to 1^- inch
long ; they are at first green, afterwards olive-yellow, and ultimately
they become of a rusty-brown colour. The spores are green while
they are capable of germinating, but become pale yellow when they
have lost their vitality.

This plant has no varieties, properly so called, found in Britain ;
cristata and interrupta, Moore, being malformed states or monstro-
sities. It sometimes occurs with the rachis divided or with the
leaflets lobed and crisped. Not unfrequently on the fertile fronds
some of the barren pinnae are fertile on one side, and in this case
the opposite side is divided into rounded lobes ; this lobing evidently
being the first stage of the transition from the barren to the fertile
pinnules.

Royal Fern, Flowering Fern, or Osmund Royal.

Suborder II.— H YM E N 0 PH YL L AC EiE.

Sporangia placed on an extended vein, which forms a receptacle
enclosed in an involucre. Each sporangium with a complete
obliquely-transverse annulus, opening by a longitudinal slit.

GENUS IL—T RICHOMANES. Linn.

Rootstock usually creeping. Fronds more or less translucent, often
consisting of but a single layer of cells. Sori marginal, arranged
round the lower part of a filiform elongated receptacle terminating
a vein. Involucre tubular, undivided, truncate or slightly 2-lipped,
often falling short of the receptacle.

Name from $pi£ (thrix), hair, and /xavds (memos'), loose.

FILICES. 33

SPECIES I.-TRICHOMANES RADICANS. Swartz.

Plate 1839.
Eabenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Essicc. No. 116.
T. speciosiim, Willd. Sp. PI. Vol. V. p. 514. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 10. Neinn. Hist.

Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 305.
T. brevisetuni, B. Br. Hort. Kew. ed. ii. p. 529. Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 324.
T. alatum, Hook. Fl. Lond. Tab. 53 (non Swartz).

T. pyxidiferuni. Linn, (parte) Sp. PI. 1561 (non Auct.). Huds. Fl. Eng. p. 461.
Hymenophylluni alatum, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1417.
H. Tunbridgense, var. /3, Sm. Fl. Brit. Vol. III. p. 1417.

Rootstock wiry, elongate, creeping, thickly covered with long pitchy
brown hairs intermixed with shorter ones. Fronds distant. Stipes
wiry, from one-fourth as long to as long as the lamina of the frond,
with hair- like scales similar to those on the rootstock at the base,
nearly naked above, with an herbaceous wing on each side, which
is broadest at the top and vanishing towards the base. Lamina about
twice as long as broad, translucent, consisting of but a single layer
of cells, ovate or lanceolate, twice or thrice or four times pinnati-
partite, dark green ; ultimate segments wedge-shaped at the base,
pinnatifidly lobed ; rachis and secondary rachides winged ; veins
branching, with a branch running into each ultimate segment,
but not extending quite to its apex. Involucre solitary, more or
less exserted, cylindrical-obconic, more or less winged, truncate or
very indistinctly 2-lipped ; receptacle more or less ultimately
exserted.

Var. a. genuinum.

Frond ovate or oblong-ovate. Involucre conspicuously exserted.

Yar. /3. Andreu'sii.

Frond lanceolate. Involucre nearly wholly immersed in the sub-
stance of the frond. Receptacle projecting much more beyond the
involucre than in var. a.

On wet, shady rocks and banks, very local. Formerly found at
Bell bank, near Bingley, in the west of Yorkshire. In North and
South Wales (Mr. Backhouse, who considers the South Wales station -
at least as a natural one). Near Corrie, Arran, but probably planted
there. In several places in the south and south-west of Ireland.
" Yalentia (perhaps introduced, Kinahan) ; Waterville ; Turk Moun-
tain and near Killarney ; Kenmare; Glouin (or Grlen) Caragh ; near
Derriana Lake, and Lough Carragh ; Dingle; Mounteagle ; near

VOL. XII. f

34

ENGLISH BOTANY

Bantry ; Bandon ; Templemichael Glen (Mr. D. Murray and I.
Carroll). On the Glashgariff river, Cork (Drummond). Near Blarney
(I. C). Near the summit of Carrigana Kildorrey, north of Cork
(I. C.) ; Glenbower Wood, near Cork ; Glendine Wood, WTaterford
(Kinahan). Sparingly at Powerscourt waterfall ; and a few plants in
Hermitage Glen, Wicklow, Flor. Hib. (not found lately). Cumaelta
Mountains (Moore, Nat. Pr. Br. F.); Glenstal, Barrington's Bridge,
near the Keeper Mountain, Limerick (Mr. G. A. Pollock) ; on the
banks of the Clare river, three miles south of Newport, Tipperary
(Mr. G. H. Kinahan). (This station may extend to district 7.)"—
'Cybele Hibernica,' p. 378.

Var. ft. In a moist, rocky cave, Blackstones, Glouin Caragh, Kerry
(Mr. W. Andrews), and near Killarney, Mr. Isaac Carroll.

England, [Scotland,] Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Rootstock about the thickness of a crow-quill, emitting wiry,
forking, radical fibres, densely tomentose with scales resembling
hairs. Stipes varying from 1 to 6 inches; lamina 3 to 12 inches;
pinnae and divisions of pinnae all connected by a broad wing, so
that the frond must be termed pinnatipartite instead of pinnate;
ultimate lobes oblong, with short, entire or bifid teeth. Involucre
situated on the lowest anterior branch of the vein of the ultimate
segments, urn-shaped^ tapering below, about T\ inch long, pale
green. Receptacle bristle-shaped, sometimes scarcely exceeding the
involucre, but usually ultimately twice as long or more. Spore-
cases reddish, concealed within the involucre.

Of var. ft. I have no specimens, but judging from the figure in Mr.
Newman's ' British Ferns,' it appears to differ from the ordinary form
only in the frond being narrower and more acuminated, the recep-
tacles immersed in the substance of the leaves, and the bristle or
receptacle ^sometimes 3 or 4 times longer than the involucre ; Mr.
Andrews, in his description, says 6 times longer. Mr. Andrews lavs
some stress as a, distinctive feature on " the lower pinnae being dis-
tant and short;" but this occurs in var. a, of which I have specimens
in which the same rootstock bore some fronds having the lowest
pmnaB longer than the succeeding, and others in which they are
considerably shorter.

Tins fern is remarkable for the slow development of its fronds, and
their lengthened duration, as they are not fully developed until the
second year, and until then the involucres are not produced.
Accordmg to Milde, however, the Mexican form is said to be fructi-
ferous m the first year. Mr. Andrews, as quoted in Newman's
British Ferns,' says no disposition to bear fruit is shown until
the autumn of the third year, when the involucres appear, and the

FILICES. 35

setas and capsules attain maturity in October. After this the fertile
frond begins to decay, but sterile fronds have even a longer
existence.

The Bristle-fern is easily cultivated, and its semi transparent foliage
presents an exceedingly attractive appearance. The easiest method
of culture is to plant it in a pan (unglazed if possible), filled with
broken sandstone and peat. Place the pan in a larger glazed pan, in
which keep water. Cover with a glass fitting into the outer pan,
and leaving a space between the glass and the margin of the inner
pan, or place the two pans in a hand-light or window fern-case. The
outer pan should never be without water, the object being to keep
up a damp atmosphere round the Fern by the evaporation of the
water in the outer pan, and allow no stagnant water about the roots.

Bristle-fern.

GENUS II1.—B. YMENOPHYLLUM. Smith.

Rootstock filiform, creeping. Fronds translucent, usually consisting
of but a single layer of cells. Sori marginal, arranged round a
slender columnar receptacle, terminating in a vein. Involucre 2-valved
or deeply bipartite, usually equalling or exceeding the receptacle.

Name from vfjujv (humeri) a membrane, and cf>v\Xov (phullon) a leaf, alluding to the
delicate membranous texture of the frond.

SPECIES L— HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE. Smith.

Plate 1840.

Eahenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 80.
Trichomanes Tunbrigense, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1561.

Rootstock capillary. Fronds flat and glabrous, translucent, con-
sisting of a single layer of cells scarcely longer than broad, ovate-
oblong or lanceolate-oblong, pinnatipartite, with the pinnae all con-
nected by a wing running down each side of the rachis and extending
a short distance down the stipes ; pinna? flat, pinnatipartite or pinna-
tifid, with the segments alternate, and on both the upper and lower
sides of the main vein, at least those at the base of the frond (the
pinnae near the apex being divided on the anterior side only) ;
ultimate divisions strapshaped, spinous-serrulate. Involucres at the
termination of the first or first and second anterior veins given off by
the main vein of the pinna?, broadly oval ; valves semicircular, flattish,
serrate-denticulate or spinous-denticulate at the apex. " Receptacle
furnished with paraphyses at the base " (Milde).

On rocks, more rarely on steep banks, or even trunks of trees.

F 'I

36 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

Rather local, but widely distributed. Chiefly in the west of England
and Scotland, Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Sussex, "West Kent, Gla-
morgan, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Yorkshire, the Lake district, North-
umberland, Dumfries, Peebles, Stirling, Dumbarton, Renfrew, Argyle,
Bute, Arran and Mull. In Ireland it is local, being rare in the east,
centre and north of the island ; it occurs in Kerry, Cork, TVaterford,
Tipperary, Kilkenny, Limerick, Clare, Longford, Galway, Sligo,
Leitrim, Donegal, Tyrone and Down.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant growing in sheets or mats, with the black hair-like rootstocks
interlaced ; these are much branched, and emit numerous hairy
rootlets, which attach themselves to the rock or substance on which
the plant grows ; they are nearly naked, having a few brown hair-
like scales on their younger portions, and commonly a small tuft at
the base of the young fronds Stipes setaceous, a little thickened
upwards, J to 2 inches long ; lamina f to 4J inches long, by \ to
1 inch broad ; lower pinnae somewhat flabellately pinnatifid or pinnati-
partite, which arises from the distribution of the veins ; the main vein
of each pinna gives off a lateral vein first on the anterior side, then
on the posterior, then another anterior branch, and often a posterior
following it ; each of these branches is commonly forked, or sometimes
twice forked, and so is the termination of the main vein ; the ultimate
veins do not quite reach the apex of the ultimate divisions ; in the
uppermost segments the veins frequently branch only on the upper
side. Involucres about -y^ inch long, inversely deltoid at the base,
which is somewhat swollen ; the valves are flattened horizontally,
and project beyond the substance of the leaf. The sporangia are
wholly included, and the vein or receptacle on which they are placed
does not extend beyond them.

The leaves in texture, and in the shape of their ultimate divisions,
bear considerable resemblance to those of the barren stems of the
moss, Mnium undulatum, Hedwig.

Tunhridge Filmy Fern.

SPECIES II.-HYMENOPHYLLUM UNILATERALE. Bory.

Plate 1841.

Rabenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 120.

H. Wilsoni, Book. Wilson, Eng. Bot. Supp. No. 2686. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii.

p. 451. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. pp. 83, 253.
H. peltatum, Desvaux, Ann. Linn. 1827, p. 333. Rabenli. I.e.
H. Tunbrklgense, var. Beniham, Handb. Brit. Fl. p. 638. Baker in Hook.& BaJc. Syn.

Filic. ed. ii. p. 67.
TrichomaneE peltatum, Poiret, Enc. Bot. Vol. VIII. p. 76, tide Desvaux.

FILICES. 01

Rootstock capillary. Fronds convex, recurved, glabrous, trans-
lucent, consisting of a single layer of cells nearly twice as long
as broad, lanceolate-oblong or narrowly oblong, pinnatipartite, with
the pinna? all connected by a wing running down each side of the
rachis, and extending a short distance down the stipes ; pinnae
recurved, pinnatipartite, with the segments all on the anterior side of
the main vein, even in those at the base of the frond, simple or once
forked ; ultimate divisions strapshaped spinous-serrulate. Involucres
at the termination of the first anterior vein given off by the main vein
of the pinna?, ovate ; valves ovate, convex, entire throughout. Recep-
tacle without paraphyses.

On rocks and trunks of trees, often growing with H. Tunbridgense,
but much more frequent, especially in the north-west of England
and Scotland, extending north to Orkney (where it was found by the
late Mr. Hecldle near the Kame of Hoy, and in 1880 by Mr. H. H.
Johnston on the Wart Hill of Hoy), and Shetland. Frequent in
mountainous districts in Ireland, especially in the west and north.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Very similar to H, Tunbridgense in general appearance, and about
the same size. It is easily recognised when growing by its dark lurid
green fronds, recurved at the apex and margins, while in H. Tun-
bridgense they are flat and paler green. But even in the dried state
it may be known by the narrower pinnae, of which the main vein
branches only on the upper side, consequently they have the segments
all pointing towards the apex of the leaf, even in the basal leaflets.
The fronds are also rather narrower in outline, and their ultimate
divisions are rather broader and less parallel-sided. The involucres
are more exserted, a little larger, and with longer convex and entire
valves. The cells of the fronds are longer and narrower than in
H. Tunbridgense. Mr. Gulliver gives the average size of the cells
of H. Tunbridgense as -Ay inch each way, and in H. unilaterale, the
average long diameter g-i-g inch, and the short diameter -g-j-g inch.
(See ' Journ. Bot.' 1865, p. 204.) Mr. F. Clowes states that the fronds
of H. Tunbridgense die annually, while those of H. Wilsoni grow
on from year to year, like those of Trichomanes radicans, but
Mr. Moore says the fronds of H. Tunbridgense endure for " two or
three years under favourable circumstances." (' Nat. Print. Ferns,5
8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. 304.) I have not had H. Tunbridgense in
cultivation, but I can corroborate the statement that the fronds of
H. unilaterale live for more than one year.

Wilson's Filmy Fern.

38 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Suborder III.— PO L YP OD I A C EiE.

Sporangia with an incomplete vertical annulus, and opening by a
transverse slit on the side where the annulus is incomplete.

Tribe I.— POLYPODIES.

Rootstock growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which is
articulated to the rootstock, and separates from it, leaving a distinct
scar. Sori roundish or more or less elongated, attached to the hack
of the veins, without an indusium.

This is the only tribe of British Ferns belonging to Mr. John
Smith's division Eremobrya, which is characterised " Fronds solitary,
solitary, lateral, and articulate with its caudex ;" all the following
tribes belong to his division Desmobrya, and have the " fronds
terminal, solitary, fasciculate, adherent to the caudex." (J. Smith,
' Hist. Filicum,' pp. 61-79.) I agree with the late Mr. E. Xewman
(' Phytologist,' ser. 1, vol. v. p. 229) that such plants as Pteris aquilina,
which have a rhizome growing in advance of the fronds, cannot
naturally be referred to Desmobrya ; though I cannot go so far with
him as to join them with Polypodium and the other Eremobrya.
Probably Pteris aquilina and such Ferns as have a rhizome growing
in advance of the fronds, but the rachis of the fronds continuous with
the rhizome and not articulated to it, ought to be formed into a
separate division to be placed between Eremobrya and Desmobrya —
as natural primary divisions of the suborder Polypodiaceae.

GENUS IV.— POLYPODIUM. Linn.

Rootstock scaly, growing in advance of the fronds. Fronds solitary,
their stipes articulated to the rootstock. Veins free. Sori roundish,
rarely oval, terminating the lower anterior veins. Indusium absent.

Name from -oXvs (pcius) many, and -ovs {pous) foot.

SPECIES L-POLYPODIUM VULGARE. Una.

Plate 1842.

Bab. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 1544.

Ctenopteris vulgaris, Xeicm. Pkyt. 1851, App. p. 29 ; Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 42.

Rootstock thick, at first densely clothed with peltately attached
reddish-brown ovate-triangular and lanceolate acuminate or cuspidate

FILICES. 39

scales, which are toothed on the margins. Fronds petiolate, coriaceous,
evergreen, not scurfy, glabrous when full grown, strap-shaped or
oblong-strapshaped or lanceolate- or ovate-oblong, acuminate at the
apex, abrupt at the base, very deeply pinnatipartite ; segments strap-
shaped or lanceolate, with broad adnate bases, usually indistinctly
crenate or serrate, more rarely deeply crenate or serrate or pinnatifid.
Secondary veins forked, or with 1 to 4 alternate lateral veins below
the terminal fork, the ultimate veins not reaching the margin. Sori
round or roundish, arranged in a line on each side of the segment, and
about midway between it and the margin, attached to the extremity
of the first anterior branches of the secondary veins. No barren
fronds differing in shape or division from the fertile fronds.

Yar. a. genuinum.

Stipes containing a single vascular bundle. Frond strap-shaped,
gradually acuminate at the apex ; segments strapshaped or oblong-
strapsha} ted, obtuse or abruptly acute, rarely attenuated from near the
middle to the apex, very finely crenate-serrulate. Secondary veins
usually with 1 lateral vein below the terminal fork, or more rarely
only forked.

Tar. ft. serratum. Willd.

Stipes containing 2 vascular bundles. Frond oblong-strapshaped,
often abruptly acuminated at the apex ; segments strapshaped or
lanceolate-strapshaped, gradually acuminated, more or less distinctly
serrate or crenate, serrate at the margins. Secondary veins usually
with two lateral veins below the terminal fork.

Yar. y. Cambricum. Willd.
P. Cambricum, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1546.

Stipes containing two vascular bundles. Fronds lanceolate- or
ovate-oblong, abruptly acuminated ; segments lanceolate or elliptical,
irregularly pinnatifid, or some of them pinnatifid and on the same
frond, others serrate or crenate-serrate, or rarely all crenate, often
barren. Secondary veins with 2 or 3 lateral veins below the terminal
fork, or elongated so as to form midribs to the secondary segments,
in which case they give off simple or once-forked veins.

On rocks, walls, steep banks, stumps of trees. Common, and gene-
rally distributed in England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Var. /3 is much more rare, at least in Scotland. I have it from

4 0 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Cheshire from the Rev. W. W. Newbould ; Godalming, Surrey (H. C.
Watson and Henry Bull). Mr. Moore gives stations in Kent, Surrey,
Sussex, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Monmouth, Hereford, Warwick-
shire, Gloucester, Oxford, Worcester, York, Pembroke, Denbigh,
Kirkcudbright, Stirling, Gralway, Clare, Waterford and Guernsey.

Of var. y the typical Cambricum was originally found in a wood
near Dinas - Powys Castle, Cardiff, Glamorganshire. Said by
Mr. Lowe to have been found recently in a wood near Maccles-
field, Cheshire ; also reported from Kidderminster, Mill Dingle,
Beaumaris, Conway Castle, Ambleside, and Antrim. A fertile form
of it was found at Goderich Castle, Herefordshire by Mr. W.
Bennett, from whom I have cultivated specimens. Forms still less
divided I have from Killarney, and it has been observed in various
parts of Ireland, especially Kerry, Clare, and Wicklow. In the south
and west of England.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Yar. a has the rootstock varying from the thickness of a goosequill
to that of a man's little finger, usually creeping along the surface on
which it grows, to which it adheres by numerous branched densely
tomentose radical fibres ; it is branched, and the growing apex is always
in advance of the fronds, thickly clothed with pale reddish-brown scales,
which ultimately fall off, and leave the rhizome smooth and green.
Upon this part of it there are elevated warts, the top of which exhibits
a circular depression ; this is the scar left by the stipes which have
separated from the rootstock by an articulation. The scales with
which it is covered are remarkable for adhering by a large surface, so
as to be peltate, they are dentate on the margins and on the long apical
cusp ; the teeth are prominent and distant, spreading, or even a little
recurved at the point. The stipes is from 1 to 8 inches long, pale
green, cylindrical, with an inconspicuous green ridge on each side,
about as thick as a stocking wire, at first furnished with distant
lanceolate acuminate cuspidate brown scales, like those on the root-
stock, but soon becoming quite bare. Lamina usually more or less
channelled from the segments bending inwards ; 2 to 10 inches long
by 1 to 2^ inches broad, dark green, paler and somewhat glaucous
beneath, with the veins more translucent than the rest of the frond,
and clubbed at the apex, unrolling at the end of May or first half of
June, but the sori are not completely developed till a month or six
weeks afterwards, when they are become yellow or bright orange, and
about the size of sago grains or larger ; they are often produced on the
apical portion only of the frond. The spores are pale yellow, oblong-
renitbrm, bluntly tuberculate. The fronds remain green until the

FIL1CES. 41

following sunmier, except in exposed localities ; they are erect, or
pendent when luxuriant.

Yar. /3 is usually a larger plant, the fronds 6 to 20 inches long, 3 to
5 inches broad.

Yar. y has the fronds 4 inches to 1 foot long, by 3 to 7 inches
broad. It is to this variety that the handsomest forms, so much coveted
by fern-growers, belong. Most of these, however, are abnormal
developments, which is shown by the frond being either wholly
or partially barren, and by the irregularity of the divisions of the
primary segments. The most regular of all the forms, which is also
occasionally fertile, is that from Goderich Castle, Herefordshire,
which is named " omnilacerum " by Mr. Moore. The true Cam-
bricum is always barren. The form called crenatum by Mr. Wol-
laston, which I have from Mucrus, Killarney, appears to be really
the Cambricum without monstrous development. This comes very
near var. ft. serratum, but has the frond much broader in proportion.
Mr. Moore gives Saltoun Castle, Kent (S. Grey) ; Devonshire (Rev.
J. M. Chanter) ; Conway (Dr. Alchin) ; Ruthin, Denbigh (E. Pritchard) ;
the Craigs, near Dumfries (W. Gr. Johnson) ; Mucrus, Killarney (Dr.
Alchin) ; as stations for the form crenatum. (Moore, ' Nat. Print.
Ferns,' 8vo. ed., vol. i. p. 67.)

Common Polypody.

Tribe II.— GRAMMITIDE^.

Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which
is not articulated to the caudex, and does not separate from it. Sori
elongated or linear, or more rarely nearly round, attached to the back
of the veins, without an indusium.

GENUS F.—GYMNO GRAMME. Desv.

Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, usually approxi-
mated or tufted ; stipes not articulated to the caudex. Yeins forked,
free. Sori linear or oblong, rarely roundish, on the back of the ulti-
mate veins, and often occupying their whole length, frequently
ultimately confluent, not covered by the reflexed margins of the frond.
Indusium absent.

Name from yv/Avds (gumnos) naked, ypa^r) {gramme) a line, referring to the naked
lines often formed by the sori which are not covered by an indusium.

VOL. XTI.

42 ENGLISH BOTANY.

SPECIES L-GYMNOGRAMMA LEPTOPHYLLA. Besvaux.

Plate 1843.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 81.

Grarnmitis leptophylla, Swartz & Willd. Spec. Plant. Vol. V. p. 143. Gren. & Godr.

El. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 629.
Polypodium leptopliyllum, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1553.

Caudex minute, annual, or rather biennial, with filiform scales.
Fronds of two forms on the same plant. Fertile frond, with the stipes
usually as long as or longer than the lamina, maroon-coloured at
the base, at first with a few capillary scales, ultimately naked.
Lamina pale yellowish-green, membranous, glabrous when full grown,
without scales or powder beneath, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, abrupt
at the base, acuminate, bipinnate ; pinnules obovate, pinnatisect or
flabellately lobed, wedge-shaped or inversely deltoid at the base,
with the lobes once or twice dichotomous ; ultimate divisions very
short and rounded. Sori oblong, ultimately confluent, and covering
the upper half of the lobes of the pinnules. Sterile frond smaller,
and with a much shorter stipes than the fertile frond. Lamina
thinner than in the fertile frond, ovate, pinnate ; pinnae shortly
stalked, larger than in the fertile frond, flabellate, dichotomously
incised, in luxuriant plants not unfrequently bearing sori, which are
rounder than in the fertile frond, and not confluent. Fertile fronds
deciduous ; barren ones fugacious.

On banks and walls facing the south or south-west in Jersey. The
first notice of it was published in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle,' Jan.
29th, 1853, p. 69, by " J. M.," who appears to have found it not only
in that year, but in the previous one in Jersey. Mr. Newman, in
March 1853, states that he learned from his friend Mr. Henry Hagen,
in the winter of 1852-3, that a lady had discovered Gymnograrnme
leptophylla in one of the Channel Islands, and on receipt of a
specimen he announced the fact in the ' Phytologist,' 1853, p. 914.
As a result of communications received May, 1853, he intimated that
it was reported from Jersey that Gymnograrnme was widely dis-
tributed in the island, preferring localities in which the moistened soil
induces the growth of Marchantia, in company with which plant it
appears particularly to flourish ; it also occurs, but not so frequently,
growing in moss. The principal localities are near Le Haule, near
St. Aubin's, and in several places near St. Laurence. On the 25th of
June, .1853, I gathered the Gymnograrnme on the right-hand side of

FILICES. 43

the road from Goose-green to St. Laurence ; it was about i mile from
G-oose-green, on a high bank, looking towards the south-west, faced
up with stones, in the interstices of which it grew ; it was far past
its prime, and much of it quite dried up. Before it was ascer-
tained to occur in Jersey, it was reported from Aberdeenshire. Mr.
W. W. Spicer published in the ' Phytologist ' for 1862, p. GOO, a
letter from Miss Veitch, in which she states she discovered it " in a
stone dyke on the high-road, on the right-hand side, leading from
Braemar to Ballater, nearly opposite Invercauld House, and as far
as I remember where the highlanders perform their annual feats at
the gathering, viz., a rock called ' the Lion's Face,' at the foot of
which, enclosing trees, is the above-named dyke." No one else, how-
ever, has found the plant in this station, and it is scarcely conceivable
that it could exist in so cold a climate. Doubtless some mistake
has been made.

Channel Islands. Annual or biennial. Spring.

Caudex very minute, roundish, simple, sending out woolly root-
fibres with from 4 or 5 fronds in the Jersey specimens, which vary
from 1 to 1\ inches high. In Portuguese specimens there are some-
times 8 or 9 fronds with the tallest (5 to 8 inches high. The fronds
which are first produced are sterile ; the earliest of these is not above
£ or \ inch long, and has a roundish trifid lamina with dichoto-
mously lobed segments ; the succeeding fronds are longer and more
compound, but still are only accidentally fertile ; the pinnae of these
are about \ inch long. The fertile fronds have a much longer and
stouter stipes ; they are much more decompound, pale green, thin,
soon becoming tinged with olive-yellow ; the primary rachis is very
narrowly winged, with a herbaceous stripe running from each pinna ;
the rachides of the pinnae are much more broadly winged, sometimes
so much so that the pinnae cannot be said to be more than pinna-
tipartite. In very luxuriant specimens the pinnules are again
pinnatipartite, but in the small specimens, such as those I have seen
from Jersey, they cannot be termed more than lobed, and are about
\ inch long. The sori are yellowish, and before coalescing appear
as if forked ; this arises from their being continued along the course
of the veins from the last fork down to their apex, which is a little
within the margin of the segment. Spores dark brown, areolate.
The stipes contains a single reniform vascular bundle ; the hair-like
scales are at first white, afterwards brown.

According to Moore, in the wild state we learn that the prothallus
is developed in the damp late autumnal months, being perfectly
formed in November ; by January 3 or 4 fronds have been produced,
in April or May the growth is mature, and by August the plants

G 2

44 ENGLISH BOTANY.

have perished. Sometimes in cultivation the perfect fronds are not
produced till the second year." — ' Nature Printed Ferns,' 8vo. ed.
vol. i. p. 110.

Annual Maidenhair.

GENUS VI.— C RYPTOGRAMME. R. Brown.

Fronds produced from the upper part of the caudex, approximate,
dimorphous, the fertile fronds contracted ; stipes not articulated to
the caudex. Yeins forked or simple, free. Sori roundish or oval, at
the extremity of the ultimate veins, ultimately confluent so as to
form a submarginal line covered by the reflexed margin of the frond.
Indusium absent. Sterile frond with the margins not reflexed.

Name from /<pwros (krwptos) hidden, and ypafAfxy (gramme*) a line, on account of the
lines of sori being concealed by the reflexed margin of the frond.

CRYPTOGRAMME CRISPA. B.Brown.

Plate 1844.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 42.

Allosorus crispus, Bernhardt. Newman, Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 35. Moore, Nat. Print.

Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 100. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 23. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

et Helv. ed. ii. p. 95. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Gren. & Godr. Fl. de Fr.

Vol. III. p. 641. Babenh. 1. c.
Pteris crispa, Linn. ms. Eng. Bot. No. 1160 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 19.
Osmunda crispa, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1522.

Rootstock shortly creeping, dividing into numerous crowns.
Fronds of two forms on the same plant. Fertile frond with the stipes
usually twice as long as the lamina, sparingly furnished with lanceolate
scales when young, ultimately naked. Lamina triangular-ovate or
ovate, firm, pale green, ultimately yellowish-green, glabrous, tripin-
nate or more rarely bipinnate or quadripinnate ; the ultimate pinna?
shortly stalked, or contracted towards the base, oblong elliptical
fusiform or oblong-cylindrical, with the margins recurved and nearly
concealing the sori, which are ultimately confluent. Sterile frond with
the stipes usually twice as long as the lamina. Lamina membranous,
firm, bright green, deltoid-ovate or triangular-ovate, 2 or 3 times
pinnate, the ultimate pinna? obovate or oblanceolate, wedge-shaped
at the base, incised or toothed with the teeth blunt; the veins
running into the teeth, but not quite reaching their apex. Both
kinds of frond deciduous.

FILICES. 45

On rocks and walls, and among loose stones and on hillsides.
Local and principally found in mountainous districts. Challi-
comb, near Simmonsbath, Somerset; it also occurs in Shropshire,
Worcestershire, Derbyshire, Glamorganshire and Cardiganshire. In
North Wales it becomes abundant, and still more so in the Lake
district. In Scotland it is much more generally distributed, extend-
ing north to Caithness, Sutherland and the Hebrides, but it is not
recorded from Orkney or Shetland. In Ireland it is very rare, and
confined to the east and north-east.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex dividing into a great number of small crowns massed
closely together, so that though each crown produces but few fronds,
the plant grows in large tufts. Stipes of fertile fronds, 3 to 10 inches
high, slender, wiry, brown at the base, then yellowish-green. Lamina
1 J to 4 inches long ; ultimate segments £ to f inch long, bearing a
superficial resemblance to a pod of a Draba. Stipes of sterile frond
li to 5 inches long ; lamina 1 J to 4 inches ; ultimate segments
variable in the shape of and in the degree in which they are incised,
varying from -|- to ^ inch long.

Occasionally barren fronds are found with the ultimate segments,
but slightly sinuated at the edges and not cut. These appear to be
transition forms between the barren and the fertile fronds. It is
certainly not a variety, for I have a specimen in which, from the
same caudex, one of these fronds is produced along with the ordinary
barren fronds with deeply cut pinnules, and fertile fronds of the
usual form.

The fronds are produced in May or the beginning of June, and
are killed by the first severe frost of autumn. It cannot be mistaken
for any other British Fern, on account of its dimorphous decompound
bright green crisped fronds.

The name of Parsley-fern is given on account of the barren fronds
having some resemblance to those of garden Parsley (Petroselinum
sativum). They are, however, more like those of Fool's Parsley
(JEthusa Cynapium).

Parsley-fern, or Rock-brakes.

Tribe III.— ASPIDIE.E.

Caudex or rootstock not growing in advance of the fronds, the
stipes of which is not articulated to the rootstock, and does not separate
from it. Sori punctiform, round, very rarely elongated, attached to
the back of the veins, generally furnished with an indusium which
assumes various forms, but is never attached to the veins longi-
tudinally ; rarely the indusium is absent.

46 ENGLISH BOTANY.

GENUS F//.-PHEGOPTERIS. Fee.

Fronds produced from the extremity of the caudex and its branches,
solitary or approximate, membranous, once or more times pinnate ;
stipes not articulated to the caudex. Yeins forked or pinnate, free.
Sori punctiform, round, rarely oval or linear, at the extremity of the
ultimate veins or attached to some portion of their back. Indusium
absent.

Name from ^yo's (j>hegos) a Beech, and 7n-epis (pteris) a Fern. The Beech-fern is the
type of the genus.

SPECIES I. PHEGOPTERIS DRYOPTERIS. Fee.

Plate 1845.

Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Exsicc. No. 57.

Polypodium Dryopteris, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1555. Sm. Engl. Bot. Xo. 616, and Brit.

Fl. Vol. IV. p. 282. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 445. Book. fil. Stud. Fl.

p. 467. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 85. Koch, Syn. Fl.

Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 974. Fries, Smnm. Veg. Scand. p. 82.
Polypodium Dryopteris, var. a. genuinum, Ledeb. Fl. Boss. Vol. IV. p. 509. Gren. &

Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 628. Eool. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 309.
Lastrea Dryopteris, Bory. Newm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 13.
Gymnocarpium Dryopteris, Newm. Phytol. 1851, p. 371, and App. xxiv. ; and Brit. Ferns,

ed. iii. p. 57.

Caudex elongate, very slender, wiry, creeping, branched, not
tortuous, not tomentose, the younger portions clothed with ovate
scales, producing fronds at rather distant intervals. Fronds all
similar. Stipes erect, almost filiform, much longer than the lamina,
glabrous, at first with a few ovate or lanceolate often piliferous pale
scales, ultimately naked. Lamina suddenly bent back at nearly a
right-augle with the stipes, so as to appear almost horizontal when
growing, bright pea-green, membranous, rather flaccid, glabrous
and without glands, deltoid, acute, ternately bi- or tripinnate, with
the three main divisions of which the frond is composed each rolled
up into a separate ball in vernation ; ultimate pinnules or segments
flat, oblong, obtuse, crenate-serrate or entire. Sori round, arranged
in a line near the margin on each side of the pinnules or ultimate
segments, attached to the lateral veins a little below their apex.

On rocks and amongst stones, chiefly in ravines, and on the ground
in damp woods. In the south of England it is very rare, and pro-
bably in some of its reported stations P. Robertianum has been mis-
taken for it. There is, however, good authority for its occurrence in

FILICES. 47

East Cornwall, North Devon, West Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester-
shire and Shropshire, as well as both North and South Wales ; from
Lancashire, Derbyshire, and Yorkshire, it occurs in almost every
county north to Caithness and Sutherland, and may certainly he
called frequent in Scotland. It is not recorded from Orkney, but it
is from Shetland. In Ireland it is very rare, and the only recent
authority which is beyond question is that on Knocklayd Mountain,
Antrim, where it was found about the height of 1800 feet by Dr.
Moore ; Benoo Mountain, near Manor Hamilton, Leitrim, where it
was found by the late Mr. J. Wynne ; and near Loch Talt, on the Ox
Mountain, Sligo (Mr. P. Warren).

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Rootstock pitchy black, about the thickness of a stocking-wire,
creeping just under the surface of the leaf-mould or loose soil in
which it grows, emitting numerous capillary root-fibres sparingly
clothed with very short down ; the growing extremity and young
branches of the rhizome are completely covered with ovate, very pale
brown scales, which disappear from the older portions of the caudex ;
when the plant is luxuriant, the rhizomes and their branches
interlace and form a sort of loose tangle. Fronds few in number,
proceeding from the two sides of the caudex alternately, usually from
^ inch to 1 inch apart. Rackis 6 inches to 1 foot high, very slender,
bluntly channelled on the upper half on the front, containing 2 vascular
bundles. Lamina 2 J to 5 J inches by 3 J to 8 inches broad, with a few
pairs of distant opposite pinnae, the lower pair so much larger than
any of the others that the frond might be termed ternate with each
of its 3 divisions bipinnate. These lowest pinnae have their pinnules,
especially the basal ones, much more developed on the lower side than
on the upper; the lowest pinnae of all the 3 divisions have their lowest
pinnules separated from succeeding pairs, but towards their apex the
pinnae coalesce ; the same thing takes place with the pinnules of these
pinnae, of which the basal ones are separate, but the apical ones
cohere, so that the apex of each of the 3 main divisions and of
the tips of the lower subdivisions are only lobed or toothed — not
pinnate. The lowermost of these ultimate pinnules or subdivisions are
more or less deeply crenate-serrate, the upper ones entire ; each one
has a midrib, which is flexuous towards the apex, and gives off veins
which run to the margin of the pinnule or lobe ; these veins are simple,
or the lower ones once or even twice-forked. The fronds begin to
be produced early in May, and very soon attain their full size, so that
mature sporangia may be found in June. The sporangia are at first
yellow, they are minute and sometimes ultimately nearly coalesce
so as to form submarginal lines upon the segments. The fronds
perish with the first frost. When growing in shade they are of a

48 ENGLISH BOTANY.

rich vivid green, but not at all shining. In exposed places they
frequently become tinged with red. They are very delicate in texture,
and soon wither if after being gathered they are exposed to the air.
Properly speaking, this Fern produces no barren fronds distinct
from the fertile ones; still we frequently meet with fronds fully
developed without sori. These have the pinnse broader and ultimate
pinnas more approximate, and a greater number of them combined
than the fertile fronds, so that they appear to be less divided, but
they occur too rarely to be considered more than an accidental
variation.

Oak-fern.

SPECIES II.-PH EG OPTERIS ROBERTIANA. A. Brawn.

Plate 1846.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 58.
Ph. calcarea, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 243. Babenh I.e.
Polypodium Kobertianum, Hoffm. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 445. Hook fil Stud.

Fl. p. 467. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 92. Koch, Syn. Fl.

Germ, et Helv. p. 974. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82.
Polypodium calcareum, 8m. Engl. Bot. No. 1525 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 283.
Polypodium Dryopteris, (3. Kobertianum, Buprecht. Led. Fl. Ross. Vol. IV. p. 509.

Bool. & Bah. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 309.
Polypodium Dryopteris, /?. calcareum, Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 628.
Lastrea Robertiana, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 13.
Lastrea calcarea, Bory, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. Vol. IX. p. 233.
Gymnocarpium Kobertianum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and App. 24 ; and Brit. Ferns,

ed. iii. p. 63.

Caudex elongate, slender, wiry, tortuous, creeping, branched,
flocculently tomentose, the younger part thickly clothed with ovate
scales, producing fronds at rather short intervals. Fronds all similar.
Stipes erect, wiry, longer than the lamina, minutely glandular, at
first with numerous ovate or lanceolate often piliferous pale scales,
ultimately naked. Lamina curved backwards, firm, dull greyish-
green, sprinkled with very minute stalked glands, which are most
numerous on the rachis partial rachides and mid-veins, deltoid or
triangular-deltoid, bipinnate , acuminate, and very acute ; ultimate
pinnules or segments often convex with reflexed margins, oblong,
obtuse, crenate or entire. Sori round, arranged in a line near the
margin on each side of the pinnules or ultimate segments, attached
to the lateral veins a little below their apex.

On limestone rocks, local. It occurs in Somersetshire, Wiltshire,
Oxford, Bucks, Gloucester, Hereford, Stafford, Salop, Glamorgan,
Brecon, Denbigh, Derby, Lancaster, York, Durham. Besides these

FILICES. 49

counties it has been reported from "Worcestershire, Carnarvon, and
Cumberland. It grows in the Isle of "Wight, at Swainston, and
Carisbrooke Castle, but not wild. It has been found in an old quarry
near Aberfeldy : concerning this station, Dr. Buchanan White says
it is now nearly eradicated, but was once abundant ; he adds that
he once suggested, half in jest, that the spores might have been
accidentally carried with workmen's tools from some limestone quarry
in England. Mr. "Watson also gives No. 93, i.e. North Aberdeen,
as a Scotch station, which is insufficiently vouched for, but possibly
correct. ('Top. Bot.,' p. 489.) It seems remarkable that it should
be absent from the limestone hills of Ireland.

England, Scotland ? Perennial. Summer.

Rootstock pitchy black, about the thickness of a straw or more.
Fronds several, -^ to f inch apart. Stipes 4 to 10 inches long.
Lamina 3^ to 9 inches long, by 3 to 8 inches broad. Lower pair of
pinna? much larger than the succeeding ones, and more remote from
them than any of the other pairs or than the portion of their
partial rachis which is between its junction with the main rachis and
its first pair of pinnae ; they are, however, not so much larger than
the other pairs of pinna? as to give the frond a ternate appearance,
and they are not rolled up into little balls separate from the one into
which the rest of the lamina is coiled in bud. The fronds appear
in May and perish with the first frost. I have not seen any fully
developed barren fronds of this species analogous to those mentioned
under P. Dryopteris.

P. Pobertiana has been often confounded with P. Dryopteris, and
indeed even now some botanists regard them as varieties of a single
species. To me they appear abundantly distinct, and it is surprising
that any one who has seen the tw7o plants alive could combine them.
P. Robertiana differs from P. Dryopteris in having the caudex con-
siderably thicker, more woody, and more tortuous, the younger por-
tions more thickly clothed with scales and with brownish tomentum,
which comes off in flakes, leaving the old portions of the rootstock
glabrous ; the root-fibres are also stronger and more tomentose. The
fronds are more numerous, much closer together, and (when young)
with many more scales. The stipes is much thicker, and firmer, and
glandular, at least when young. The lamina is not suddenly bent
back at its junction with the stipes as in P. Dryopteris, but curves back-
wards gradually ; it is longer in proportion to its breadth, much more
acute, rather less compound, with the pinnules less approximate and
more of them separated ; it is of a dull greyish tint — very different
from the vivid green of P. Dryopteris. The very minute stalked-
glands with wThich it is clothed, give it a somewhat dusty appearance,
and furnish a character by which it may be distinguished in the dried

VOL. XII. H

50 ENGLISH BOTANY.

plant ; they are most abundant on the rachis and midrib. The ultimate
divisions are often more or less convex, from having their edges
recurved like those of some forms of Athyrium Filix-femina. The
sori are larger, and from this sometimes become confluent so as to
form continuous lines. Lastly, the constitution of the plant seems
quite different, for P. Dryopteris loves shade and moisture, while
P. Robertianum prefers dry spots and full exposure to the sun.

Limestone- Fern, Smith's- Fern, or Limestone Polypody.

SPECIES III.-PHEGOPTERIS POLYPODIOIDES. Fee.

Plate 1847.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 56.

Ph. vulgaris, Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. p. 83.

Polypodiuni Phegopteris, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1550. 8m. Eng. Bot. No. 2224 ; and

Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 282. Bab. Mau. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 441. Hook fil. Stud.

Fl. p. 4G7. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 70. Hook. & Baker,

Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 308. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Hebr. ed. ii. p. 974. Fries, Summ.

Veg. Scand. p. 82. Gren. & Goolr. Fl. de France, Vol. III. p. 627. Babenh. 1. c.
Lastrea Phegopteris, Bory. Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 13.
Gyrnnocarpiuni Phegopteris, Neiom. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and at p. 23 ; and Hist. Brit.

Ferns, ed. iii. p. 49.

Caudex elongate, slender, scarcely tortuous, creeping, branched,
tomentose, the younger parts sparingly clothed with lanceolate
scales, producing fronds at rather distant intervals. Fronds all
similar. Stipes erect, almost filiform, finely pubescent, at first with
rather numerous lanceolate or subulate often piliferous pale brown
scales, ultimately naked. Lamina gradually curved backwards, firm,
dull yellowish-green, sparingly pubescent, triangular-acuminate and
very acute, pinnate with the pinnaB pinnatifid or pinnatipartite but
not again pinnate ; lower pair of pinnae deflexed ; ultimate
segments often convex, oblong, obtuse, crenate or entire. Sori
round or oval, arranged in a line near the margin on each side of
the ultimate segments, but commonly only towards their base,
attached to the lateral veins a little below their apex.

On rocks and amongst stones, chiefly in ravines, and on the ground
in damp woods. This plant has almost the same distribution as
P. Dryopteris, in company with which it often grows. There are,
however, a few more localities in the south of England, as it occurs
not only in Cornwall and Devon, but also in Dorset and Sussex.
In Scotland it occurs in Orkney, where P. Dryopteris has not been
noticed, although it, as well as P. Phegopteris, has been observed in

FIL1CES. 51

Shetland. In Ireland it is rather local and rare, but widely distri-
buted from south to north.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Caudex very similar to that of P. Dryopteris, but thicker, and
finely pubescent. This pubescence is more persistent than that on
the caudex of P. Robertianum, and does not come off in flocculi, as in
that plant ; the hairs, too, are considerably shorter. The scales on the
caudex are considerably narrower, more acute, and darker coloured
than in P. Dryopteris. The fronds are 5 to 1 inch apart. The stipes
is 3 to 12 inches long, thicker than that of P. Dryopteris, and like it
very brittle, but is not so thick as that of P. Robertianum ; at first
it is pitchy at the base, and usually with a good many scales similar
to those on the caudex, while those above are narrower ; it is also
sparingly clothed with very minute whitish spreading or reflexed
hairs. The lamina is 3 to 8 inches long by 2 to 5| inches broad ; the
rachis and midrib of the pinnse are clothed with minute narrowly
subulate whitish scales, as well as minute hairs. The texture of the
frond is much firmer than in P. Dryopteris, but less so than in
P. Robertianum, and it is also intermediate in colour between the
two. The pinnas are more or less deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite,
at least towards the base. The first pair of pinna?, which are as long
as, or nearly as long as, the second pair, are directed slightly down-
wards, so as to form acute angles with the succeeding pair, and are
not parallel to them. The uppermost pinna? are combined, so that
the apical half of the frond is pinnatipartite, not pinnate. The sori
are usually less numerous than in P. Robertianum and P. calcareum,
and are often more or less oval.

Beech Fern, or Mountain Polypody.

GENUS F///.-LASTREA. Presl

Fronds produced from the extremity of the caudex, approximate
and tufted or solitary, membranous or subcoriaceous, once or more
times pinnate ; stipes not articulated to the caudex. Veins all free.
Sori punctiform, round, at the extremity of the ultimate veins, or
attached to some portion of their back. Indusium round or reniform,
with a sinus at the base, by which it is attached ; rarely the indusium
is absent or fugacious.

Name after the Chevalier cle Lastre, a French botanist and microscopist.

52 ENGLISH BOTAN'Y.

SPECIES I. -LAST RE A THELYPTERIS. Presl.

Plate 18-48.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 16.

L. palustris, J. S. Milde, Hist. Fil. p. 266.

Nephrodium Thelypteris, Desv. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil.

ed. ii. p. 271.
Aspidium Thelypteris, Schwartz. 8m. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 285. Fries, Sunim. Veg.

Scand. p. 82. Babenh. 1. c.
Polystichum Thelypteris, Both, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 917. Gren. & Godr.

Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630.
Polypodium Thelypteris, Linn. Mant. PI. p. 505. Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 1018.
P. palustre, Salisb. Prod. 403.
Acrostichum Thelypteris, Linn. Sp. PI. 1528.
Thelypteris palustris, Schott, Gen. Fil. sub T. 10 in note.
Hemestheuni Thelypteris, Newm. Phyt. 1851. App. xxii. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns,

p. 124.

Caudex very long, slender, wiry, creeping, much branched, the
youngest portion with a few ovate obtuse pale very deciduous
scales. Fronds of 2 kinds, produced at distant intervals along the
rhizome, either solitary, or (in luxuriant plants) a few together in
small fascicles, deciduous. Fertile fronds erect, with the stipes as
long as, or longer than, the lamina, slender, slightly channelled
in the upper part, containing 2 vascular bundles, pitchy-black
at the base, with a very few pale ovate-acuminate scales, which
soon fall off and leave the stipes naked. Lamina firm, yellowish-
green, almost without glands (at least when full grown), oblong
or strapshaped-oblong, abrupt at the base, rather abruptly acumi-
nated into an acute apex, pinnate ; pinna? all shortly stalked,
triangular-strapshaped, pectinate-pinnatifid or -pinnati partite ;' ulti-
mate segments convex, narrowly triangular-strapshaped or trian-
gular-oblong, more or less falcate, acute, entire, with recurved
margins. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to the margins of
the segments, forking near their base, those towards the apex of the
segment generally simple. Rachis not scaly, or rarely with a few
ovate brown scales. Sori attached to the back of the ultimate veins,
forming a line on each side of the mid-vein about half-way between
it and the margins of the segments, more or less covered by the
recurved margins, ultimately confluent all over the lower surface of
the segments. Indusium hyaline, soon disappearing, reniform, with
minute stalked glands round the margin. Spores muricated. Sterile
fronds produced earlier than the fertile ones, less erect, and not so

FILICES. 53

tall. Stipes usually shorter than the lamina. Lamina bright green,
membranous, oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminated, abrupt at the base,
very shortly stalked, deeply pinnatifid ; first pair of pinnae elongate,
but a little shorter than the succeeding pair ; ultimate segments
oblong, sometimes slightly falcate, obtuse or subacute, entire or
repand, flat. Ultimate veins mostly once forked, but the basal ones
sometimes branched below the fork, and the terminal ones simple.

In bogs and marshes. Local, but widely distributed in England,
from Devon, Dorset, Hants, Sussex, and Kent, to Northumberland
and Cumberland. In Scotland it is confined to Forfarshire, where it
grows about Rescobie, and formerly at Restennet. It is reported
from Scalloway and Guendal, Dunrossness, Shetland, but most likely
this is a mistake. Local and rare, but widely distributed in the west,
centre, and north of Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex very long, creeping at a short distance below the surface
of the loose peaty soil in which the plant grows, and extending
rapidly when the conditions favourable for its growth occur ; it
is about the thickness of a straw, nearly black, with very numerous
radical fibres, which are at first tomentose, afterwards glabrous.
The fronds are produced alternately, li to 2 inches apart, in this
respect resembling those of the British species of Phegopteris, but
there is this difference between them, that in luxuriant plants the
fronds, instead of being produced singly at the nodes of the caudex,
are in small fascicles, sometimes as many as 5 or 6 being found
together. The barren fronds are the first to appear, about the month
of May, the fertile ones not for a month or six weeks afterwards. The
fronds continue to develop during the whole season, until stopped by
the advent of frost, which kills both barren and fertile fronds. The
stipes is from the thickness of a stocking-wire to that of a crow-quill,
much longer and stouter in the fertile than in the barren fronds.
These are 7 inches to 2 feet long; the lamina is 6 to 18 inches long,
by 3 or 4 inches broad ; the ultimate segments are \ to f- inch long.
In the sterile fronds the stipes varies from 3 to 9 inches long, and the
frond is from 3 to 15 inches, and from 2 to 6 inches broad ; the ulti-
mate segments are £ to ^ inch long, commonly contiguous, so that
the pinnae have not the pectinated appearance of those of the fertile
fronds. This is no doubt in great measure owing to the segments of
the latter being recurved ; but even when the latter are flattened out,
they are narrower than in the barren fronds. In both the fertile and
barren fronds, but especially in the latter, the first pair of segments is
often larger than the others, and the pinnules are separated almost
down to the midrib of the pinna, but this is by no means always so.

54 ENGLISH BOTANY.

The indusium is extremely thin, and very quickly disappears, after
which the sori appear to be as naked as in the genus Phegopteris.
The young fronds have generally a few glands, especially beneath, but
these can rarely be detected in fully matured fronds ; they are sessile,
and yellowish, situated chiefly along the back of the midribs of the
pinnae. Sometimes a few very minute whitish hairs are to be found on
the rachis and lamina. I have not seen British specimens with the
segments cut, but Milde gives a var. " pinnatifidum," from Silesia, in
which the lacinise are irregularly pinnatifid.

Marsh-fern, or Female Buckler-fern.

SPECIES II.— LAST RE A OREOPTERIS. Presl

Plate 1849.

Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 39.

L. montana, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 130. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,

8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 170.
Nephrodium Oreopteris, Desv. Hook.Jil. Stud. Fl. p. 466.
N. montanum, Baker. Rook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 271.
Aspidium Oreopteris, Swartz, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Rabenh. I.e. Sm. Eng. Fl.

Vol. IV. p. 286. Fries.
A. montanum, Ascherson. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 115.
Polystichum Oreopteris, DC. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 978. Gr. & Godr.

Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 631.
P. montanum, Roth, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 74.
Polypodium Oreopteris, EJtrh. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1019.
P. montanum, Yogler, non Lamarck.
Hemestheurn montanum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. p. xxii.

Caudex short, thick, separating into numerous crowns, which are
also thick and shortly creeping or decumbent, and covered by the
imbricated bases of fronds. Fronds all similar, several produced
close together from the extremity of each crown, erect or inclined
outwards, deciduous. Stipes very short, stout, channelled on the
anterior face in the upper part, containing 2 vascular bundles,
glandular, with numerous ovate-acuminate pale scales which are
partially persistent. Lamina firm, bright green, glandular beneath,
oblanceolate or elliptical, gradually and longly attenuated towards the
base, gradually acuminate and acute at the apex, pinnate ; lower
pinna3 deltoid, very short, those in the middle and apex of the frond
triangular-strapshaped ; all of them sessile, pinnatifid or pinnati-
partite ; ultimate segments flat, oblong or oval-oblong, sometimes
slightly falcate, obtuse, entire or faintly eremite, with the margins
not recurved. Ultimate veins running from the midrib to the

FILICES. 55

margins of the segments, forking near their middle, those towards
the apex of the segment generally simple or all of them simple.
Sori attached to the back of the ultimate veins, forming a line on
each side of the main vein a little within the margin of the segment,
which is not recurved over them. Indusium hyaline, soon disap-
pearing, irregularly roundish, with minute stalked glands round the
margin, generally imperfect or malformed, and frequently entirely
absent. Spores granulated. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the
fertile ones.

In pastures and woods, especially in hilly districts. Generally dis-
tributed in England, but sparingly so, except in Wales and the north of
England. In Scotland it is frequent, and very abundant throughout
the highlands, extending north to Orkney and Shetland. In Ireland
it is local, and rather scarce, though it is found from the north to the
south of the island.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex dividing into branches from the thickness of a man's finger
to nearly that of his wrist, that is taking into account the brown
decayed bases of the stipites with which it is clothed; sometimes
these branches are so short that the plant grows in a great tuft with
numerous crowns, but usually, when growing in light soil, the crowns
are quite detached, and seem like separate plants until the caudex
is laid bare by digging, when they will be found connected. Stipes
slightly dilated at the base, where there is a more or less evident
rib on each side extending for a short distance upwards, above this
the stipes is rounded, with the exception of a rather deep furrow on
the anterior surface, which is continued along the rachis tc the apex
of the frond. The fronds are ordinarily 2 feet high, but vary from
7 inches to 4 feet, of which the stipes occupies only from 1 to 6 inches,
the breadth is from 2^ to 10 inches ; they begin to unfold in May, and
perish with the first severe frost in autumn. There does not appear
to be a continued succession of fronds as in L. Thelypteris, for I have
not noticed young fronds appearing later than the end of July. In
their young state they are of a delicate pea-green with the scales
white and hyaline. They have a peculiarity in their mode of unfold-
ing : the pinnae unroll themselves before the rachis uncurls, so that
as the latter developes the pinnae attached to the unfolded portion
have already straightened themselves ; the end of the rachis goes on
unfolding to the apex. The mature fronds are more or less firm,
especially so when growing in exposed situations, but in moist shady
woods they are often flaccid ; in this case they are of a bright pure
green, or even dark green, but on exposed hillsides they are more of
a yellow green.' The pinnae diminish in length rapidly towards the

5G ENGLISH BOTANY.

base of the frond, and the lower ones are more distant from each other ;
the consequence of this is to give a very long and gradual taper to
the base of the lamina. The sori are placed very near the margin of
the segments ; they are either distinct or coalesce in a line, but do
not cover the whole of the lower surface of the frond, but are always
most numerous in the apical half of the frond.

There seem to be no true varieties of this Fern. In 1872 I brought
a plant of it from Glen Cloy, Arran, which was the ordinary form
with entire segments; in 1878, it is much more robust than it has
ever been, and had the edges of the segments conspicuously crenate
and undulated too, so it is now what I suppose Mr. Moore calls
crispa. The breadth of the segments also varies a good deal. There
are a few monstrosities, but none of them very striking.

Strangely enough, L. Oreopteris appears to have been sometimes
mistaken for L. Thelypteris ; it differs by its thick short caudex,
with the fronds of each crown arranged like the feathers of a shuttle-
cock, by its short scaly stipes and its frond greatly attenuated at the
base, and, when fertile, with the margins of the segments not recurved
so as to cover the sori, also by the minute yellow glands, which are
sprinkled over the under surface of the frond, and which give it a
pleasant scent.

There is some difficulty in deciding whether this Fern ought
to be called Oreopteris or montana. There is no agreement
amongst botanists as to the limitation of the genera of Ferns, the
characters on which the genera ought to be founded being still
an undecided question. Very possibly the microscopical structure
may afford more natural characters than any at present employed.
The lower the plant is in its organisation, the more permanent
are the form and structure of the cells and the tissue into which
they are combined. It is now generally admitted that the form
and disposition of the leaf-cells of Mosses can be advantageously
employed as generic characters, while in Ferns the presence or absence
and even the shape of the indusium is admittedly liable to variation,
and genera founded on characters taken from it present the most
incongruous groups. In consequence of this want of agreement as to
generic names it has become a general rule that the specific name
shall not be changed, and that the first specific name applied to a Fern
shall be retained in whatever genus it is afterwards placed. Seeing,
then, that the generic name is unstable, and the specific name un-
changing, it has become very general, not only amongst fern-growers,
but amongst botanists in this country, to speak of Ferns by the specific
names only. We speak of Dryopteris, Filix-mas, Filix-femina, etc.,
without using generic names at all, except in the few cases where the
generic name has proved stable and consists of but a single British
species, as Osmunda or Scolopendrium, in which it is usual to use
the generic name alone. The same practice arising from the same
cause occurs in entomology, where in certain groups of moths but a

FILICES. 57

single name is employed, as ' Betularia,' ' Yiridana,' etc. The late
Mr. Xewman, in the 5th edition of his ' British Ferns,' designates
nearly all the Ferns by but a single Latin name. Of course this use
of a single name can only be practicable provided there be not two
British Ferns with the same specific name. In 1781 Yogler gave the
name Polypodium montanum to the plant just described, for which
I have retained the name Lastrea Oreopteris although, it was not
until 1789 that Ehrhart named it Polypodium Oveopteris : but,
according to Milde, Lamarck had previously (1778) applied the name
Polypodium montanum to the Fern now known as Cystopteris
montana. Mr. Xewman, who adopted the name " montana " instead
of " Oreopteris," used the name myrrh idi folia for Cystopteris montana,
as it was named Polypodium myrrhidifolium by Yillars in 1875, con-
sidering that the name montanum was given to it by Allioni in 1785,
which would make Allioni's P. montanum later than Yogler : but
Yogler's P. montanum is really later than Lamarck's. Linnaeus seems
to have confounded P. Oreopteris with his P. fragrans, and Hudson,
in the 2nd edition of his ' Flora Anglica,' gave it the name of Poly-
podium fragrans, but this has no claim to be retained.

Mountain Fern.

SPECIES III.-LASTREA FILIX-MAS. Prcsl.

Plate 1850.

Babenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 23.

Nephrodiuru Filix-mas, Richard. Book, fil. Stud. El. p. 465. Hool. & Bah Syn. Fil.

ed. ii. p. 272.
Aspidium Filix-mas, Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1458, and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV

p. 288. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Babenh. 1. c. No. 23.
Polystichuni Filix-mas, Both. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 978. Gren. &

Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. G31.
Polypodium Filix-mas, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1551.
Dryopteris Filix-mas, Schott. Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 184.
Lophodium Filix-mas, Neicm. Phytol. 1851, Append, p. 20.

Caudex short, very thick, separating into few large divisions or
crowns, which are also very thick, short or rather short, and decum-
bent or more rarely erect, covered by the imbricated bases of former
fronds. Fronds all similar, many produced close together from the
extremity of each crown, erect or inclined outwards, deciduous or
sub-evergreen. Stipes short or rather short (-j1^ to ^ of the length of
its lamina), very stout, flattened or very slightly channelled on the
anterior face, containing 5 or 7 or more vascular bundles, without
glands or with a few glands beneath, with very numerous lanceolate
acuminate entire or denticulate often ciliated pale or dark brown
glabrous or slightly glabrous scales, which are partially or wholly

VOL. XII. i

Ob ENGLISH BOTANY.

persistent. Lamina firm or snbcoriaceous, bright green, usually
without glands, oblong or strapshapecl or oblong-elliptical, gradually
or suddenly acuminate or cuspidate, rather abrupt at the base,
bipinnate or once pinnate with the pinnae pinnatipartite or deeply
pinnatifid ; lowest pair of pinnae triangular-strapshaped or triangular,
shorter than the succeeding pair, but not very greatly so ; all of them
very shortly stalked or subsessile, pinnate or pinnatipartite or jjinna-
tifid, flat or concave ; pinnules or ultimate segments oblong or strap-
shaped-oblong, or the basal ones triangular-oblong, scarcely at all
falcate, decurrent on the posterior side of the base, obtuse or sub-
acute, serrate or crenate-serrate, especially towards the apex, more
rarely inciso-serrate or even pinnatifid throughout, at least in those
nearest the rachis, with the margins not recurved over the sori ; the
serratures sharp, but not spinous, pointed. Ultimate veins running
from the midrib to just within the margin of the segments, with one
or more with branches, according to the size of the lobes into which
they run, one branch at least of each vein running into a tooth. Sori
confined to the pinnae of the upper half or third of the frond attached
to the back of the anterior fork of the ultimate veins, forming a line
on each side of the main vein rather more approximate to it than to
the margins of the pinnule or segment, usually confined to the lower
two-thirds of the pinnule, and sometimes on the basal lateral veins
only. Indusium firm or subcoriaceous, persistent, reniform or roundish-
reniform, convex, often very greatly so, glabrous or sprinkled with
minute glands over the whole surface. Spores granulated. No sterile
fronds dissimilar to the fertile ones.

Var. a. genuina.

Fronds erect. Stipes short ; scales rather numerous, subdiaphanous,
ultimately pale brown, slightly ciliate or pectinate-ciliate, the lowest
ones broadly lanceolate, the upper ones linear, intermixed with a few
rather flexuous hair-like ones, the greater number of them falling off
early and leaving the rachis nearly naked. Lamina firm, bright
green with very pale brown subhyaline scales when it is unfolding,
ultimately rather dull green, a little paler beneath where it is some-
times sparingly glandular on the rachis, narrowly oblong or strap-
si laped-oblong, pinnate; pinnae all narrow, flat or rarely concave,
and all, except a few pairs near the base, pointing towards the apex
of the frond, and so making an acute angle with the rachis, pinnate
oi- pinnatipartite (at least towards the base) ; pinnules or ultimate

FILICES. 59

segments contiguous, oblong, attached by a base broader than the
rest of the pinnule or segment, scarcely tapering towards the obtuse
apex, crenate-serrate or entire, flat or (in small specimens) with the
apices slightly incurved. Indusium rather large, regularly convex,
with the margins not incurved round the sporangia, glabrous.
Spores with a few rather large rounded separate tubercles.

Yar. (?) /3. affinis. Bab.

L. Filix-raas, var. incisa, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 177.
Nephrodium Filix-nias, var. affine, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 495 ; and Hook. & Bak. Syn.

Fil. p. 272.
Aspidium affine, Fischer & Meyer in Hohencicker, Enum. Plant, quas itin. per prov.

Talysch leg. 1838, p. 10. Nilde, I.e.
Polystichum affine, Ledebour, Fl. Ross. Vol. IV. p. 515.
Dryopteris affinis, Newm. Nat. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 187.

Fronds commonly arching backwards, at least when large. Stipes
rather short ; scales rather numerous, diaphanous pale brown, slightly
ciliate, the lowest ones broadly lanceolate, the upper ones linear, inter-
mixed with numerous flexuous-like ones, almost all falling off early and
leaving the rachis naked. Lamina rather flaccid, bright glistening
green, with white hyaline scales when it is unfolding, ultimately
bright green, a little paler beneath, where it is not glandular even
on the rachis, broadly elliptical-oblong or oblanceolate-obiong, pinnate ;
lowest pinna? broader than the others and more triangular, and as
well as those up to the middle of the frond spreading or even decurved,
all of them flat, pinnate ; pinnules not contiguous, strap-shaped or
the lower ones triangular-strapshaped, attached by a base which is
narrower than the lower part of the pinnule, inciso-serrate, or some
of them near the base even pinnatifid, with the serrature sometimes
again serrate, tapering towards the subobtuse or subacute apex, flat.
Indusium rather large, regularly convex, with the margins not
incurved round the sporangia, glabrous. Spores with a few small
rather inconspicuous separate tubercles.

Yar. y. paleacea. Moore.

L. pseudo-mas, Wollaston, Phyt. ser. ii. 1855, p. 172. Lowe, Nat. Ferns, Vol. I. p. 280.
L. Filix-mas, var. Borreri. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 447.
Nephrodium Filix-mas, var. Borreri, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465.
Aspidium paleaceum, Don, Prod. Fl. Nepaul, p. 4.
A. patentissimum, Wallich, Cat. p. 340.
A. Donnianum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. Vol. IV. pp. 2, 320.
A. Wallichianum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. Vol. IV. p. 101.

i 2

60 ENGLISH BOTANY.

A. parallelogramimi, Eunze, Linnea, Vol. XIII. p. 146.

A. criuitum, Martins & Galeotti, Foug. Mex. p. 66.

A. adnatum, Blume, Enum. Fil. Ger. p. 62.

Dicuasium patentissimum, A. Braun, Fl. 1841, p. 710.

D. parallelograranm, A. Braun, Fl. 1811, p. 710.

(I rely on Dr. Milde and Mr. Moore for the above synonyms. See Nat. Print. Brit.

Ferns, 8vo. ed. pp. 178-179.)
Dryopteris Borreri, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 189.

Fronds erect. Stipes rather short ; scales very numerous, firm, at
first brown, ultimately dark fulvous or maroon, generally with
a maroon-coloured spot or stripe at the base, ciliate, the lowest ones
broadly lanceolate, the upper ones linear, intermixed with very
numerous firm hair or bristle-like ones, almost all persistent so that
the rachis is permanently scaly. Lamina subcoriaceous, yellowish-
green tinged with olive, with bright fulvous scales when it is un-
folding, ultimately dark green, conspicuously paler and sometimes
subglaucous beneath, where it is not glandular even on the rachis,
oblong or narrowly elliptical-oblong, pinnate ; lowest pinnae very
slightly broader than the others, and as well as those in the middle
of the stem spreading at right angles to the racbis or slightly
pointing towards the apex of the frond, pinnate, all of them flat or
slightly concave ; pinnules contiguous, strapshaped or oblong-
strapshaped, attached by a base which is commonly broader than the
rest of the pinnule, or in very luxuriant specimens narrower than the
lower part of the pinnule, not tapering to the very obtuse apex, faintly
crenate-serrate, or rarely inciso-serrate, flat or with the apices slightly
bent inwards. Indusium small, very convex, with the margins incurved
over the sporangia, glabrous. Spores with a few rather large blunt
separate tubercles.

Var. (?) S. pumila. Moore.

" Aspidium Filix-mas, var. recurvum, Francis, Anal. Brit. Ferns, p. 36," teste Newman,
Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 193.

Fronds inclining backwards. Stipes very short ; scales numerous,
rather thin, pale ferruginous concolorous, fimbriate-ciliate, studded
with a few minute glands, the lower ones lanceolate, the upper ones
linear, intermingled with rather numerous flexuous hair-like ones,
most of them subpersistent so that the rachis is permanently more or
less scaly. Lamina subcoriaceous, bright green with very pale
scales when it is unfolding, afterwards dark green, only slightly
paler beneath, where it is minutely glandular elliptical or oblong-
elliptical, pinnate ; lowest pinnae a little broader and more triangular

FILICES. 61

than the others, and as well as those near the hottom of the stem
deflexed ; the rest spreading at right angles, pinnatipartite or pinnatifid,
more or less concave ; pinnules or ultimate segments contiguous or
overlapping, oblong, attached by a base which is wider than the rest
of the segment, not tapering to the very obtuse apex, crenate-serrate
or inciso-serrate, more or less twisted, and with the apices bent
inwards. Indusium small, very convex, with the margins incurved
over the sporangia, sprinkled all over with minute glands. Spores
with numerous minute contiguous tubercles.

Var. e. abbreviata. Bab.

L. abbreviata, Wollaston, Pbyt. 1855, p. 172.

L. propinqua, ' Wollaston.' Lowe, Nat. Ferns, Vol. I. p. 280 (1865) (non Presl and

J. Smith).
Nepbrodium Filix-mas, var. abbreviatum, Hooh.Jil. Stud. Fl. p. 465 ?
Aspidium abbreviatum, Poiret, Encyc. Bot. Suppl. Vol. I. p. 516 ?
A. Filix-rnas, var. glandulosum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 123.
Polysticbum abbreviatum, DC. Fl. Fr. Vol. II. p. 560?
P. Filix-mas, var. abbreviatum, Gren. & Goclr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 631 ?
Dryopteris abbreviata, Newm. Hist. Fil. ed. iii. p. 192 ?

Fronds inclining backwards. Stipes very short ; scales numerous,
rather thin, pale ferruginous concolorous, flmbriate-ciliate, studded
with numerous minute glands, the lower ones ovate-lanceolate, the
upper linear, intermingled with a few flexuous hair-like ones, most of
them deciduous, so that ultimately the rachis is nearly naked. Lamina
firm but scarcely subcoriaceous, bright green, with very pale scales
when it is unfolding, afterwards rather dull green, only slightly paler
beneath, where it is thickly and minutely glandular, oblong or nar-
rowly oblong, pinnate ; lowest pinnae scarcely broader than the others,
and as well as those about the middle of the lamina spreading nearly
at right angles to the rachis, the uppermost ones inclining a little
towards the apex of the frond, pinnate, slightly concave ; pinnules not
contiguous, strapshaped-oblong, attached by a base which is narrower
than the rest of the segment, tapering scarcely or but slightly to the
obtuse apex, inciso-crenate or serrate, with the crenatures often again
crenate, very slightly twisted and with the apices slightly bent
inwards. Indusium small, very convex, with the margins incurved
round the sporangia, sprinkled all over with minute glands. Spores
with very numerous and very minute contiguous tubercles.

Yar. a, common in pastures or heaths, and by roadsides, rarely in
woods, generally distributed in England, Scotland, and Ireland.

62 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Tar. ft, common in woods and bushy places, more rarely in open
ground, but generally distributed.

Yar. y, in open ground and woods, common and probably generally
distributed, extending north to Orkney, where I have seen it at
Eamsdale, Orphir, and in Firth.

Yar. 8, apparently rare, and according to Mr. Moore " it seems con-
fined to North Wales and to alpine localities," Snowdon (Mr. D.
Cameron), and Llysgwyn (Mr. S. 0. Gray). I have a specimen from
Teesdale, collected by the late Mr. A. 0. Black ; this is named abbre-
viata, but it is not the plant intended by me under that name.
Probably some of the stations for abbreviata belong to what I regard
as pumila. The plant growing in Scalpa Bay seems to be Moore's
crispa, which I refer to pumila. Yar. subintegra, Moore, I have not
seen, but judging from descriptions, it must be referred to pumila ; it
was gathered at Ennis, county Clare, Ireland.

Yar. e, apparently scarce. Langdale (Mr. Gr. B. AYollaston) ;
Borrowdale, Cumberland (Mr. R. B. Harrison), judging from plate
of abbreviata cristata of Lowe's 'Native Ferns.' Ashurst Park,
Tunbridge Wells (Mrs. Bolland), judging from figure 188 of Lowe's
' Native Ferns.'

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Very variable in size, according to its place of growth. Yar. a has
a stout caudex, with a few short decumbent divisions about the thick-
ness of a man's wrist ; the fronds are 9 inches to 3 feet high, by 3 to
8 inches wide ; the stipes is stout (in large specimens the size of a goose-
quill), 3 to 7 inches long, and contains at least 5 vascular bundles,
generally 7, and near the base often a greater number. The sori
occupy the apical half or two-thirds of the frond. Bachis unrolling in
advance of the pinnaa, the apex of the frond hanging down like a
shepherd's crook, afterwards becoming erect.

Yar. /3 is probably merely a nemoral form of var. a; it grows to
a much larger size, often 4 or 5 feet high, or even more, by 9 to 15
inches broad, or even more. The stipes is 6 inches to 1 foot long.
The texture of the frond is thinner, more shining, and is less rigid
than var. a ; the pinnules are more separated, more taj^ering, much
more strongly serrate or incised, and often those near the base of the
lower pinnas are pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, with the divisions again
serrate. The indusia, however, are rather smaller if not absolute! v
at least comparatively, and the sori are generally less numerous, not
occupying such a large part of the apical portion of the frond. The
spores of the specimens I have examined are smaller, and with less
elevated tubercles.

FILICES. 63

Yar. y is a firmer and more upright plant than either of the pre-
ceding ; it is about a week or ten days later in unfolding its fronds in
spring than the plants of the other form growing side by side with it,
and it bears a greater degree of frost ; for although in Fife it is
always killed by the winter's frosts on exposed hillsides, in woods
the fronds survive the winter, and, unless broken down by snow,
remain upright as well as green until early spring ; while var. a
growing with it hardly ever survives as long as the new year,
and even if the fronds remain green till then, the stipes, which is
weaker, gives way, and they lie flat on the ground. The much
greater number of scales on the stipes and rachis, and their per-
sistence, is also a marked feature ; but perhaps the most striking is
the shape of the indusium. In all forms of Filix-mas the indusium is
firmer, more convex, and more persistent, than in any other British
Fern ; but in var. paleacea these characters are most pronounced. In
vars. genuina and ajinis the free or anterior margin of the indusium
is not incurved ; it looks like a watch-glass over the sporangia, with
the notch where it is attached to the vein not reaching the middle of
the indusium, and represented by a shallow pit connected by a furrow
with the reniform posterior margin. In var. paleacea the free margins
are incurved, and the notch extends further into the indusium, so that
it is not merely reniform in outline, but actually resembles a miniature
sheep's kidney with the ends brought together. In size it varies much,
according to its place of growth. I have Monmouthshire specimens
in good fruit less than a foot long by 4 inches broad, and in woods at
Balmuto it grows 5 feet long by I foot broad, with a stipes the thick-
ness of a man's little finger, and containing 11 vascular bundles when
cut halfway between the caudex and the beginning of the lamina. I
much regret that the name Borreri, by which the plant is generally
known in this country, cannot be retained, in accordance with the
riirid rules of Fern-nomenclature, as Don described it under the name

• - it'll-

of Aspidium paleaceum, fifty-one years before Newman published it
as Dryopteris Borreri.

Yar. 8. pumila much resembles a dwarf form of genuina, but the
scales are more numerous and darker. The chief distinction lies
in the minute glands, with which not only the under-surface of the
frond but even the indusium is dotted. I have no authentic wild
specimens. The cultivated plant I obtained from Messrs. Sang,
nurserymen, Kirkcaldy, and believe it to be correctly named. It
has fronds 6 or 7 inches long by 2 broad, and is remarkable for the
extreme shortness of the stipes, which is only A to 1 inch long. The
points of the pinnce are bent upwards and slightly twisted, so as to
give a crisped appearance to the frond. Mr. Black's Teesdale speci-
mens, which I refer to pumila, are 8 or 9 inches long by 3 inches
broad, with petioles about 1| inch long. Both of these have but from
1 to 3 sori on each pinna or ultimate segment, so that they are in
a row on each side of the midrib, which appears to be one of the

C4 ENGLISH BOTANY.

characters relied on to distinguish the var. ahbreviata from ordinary
Filix-mas. But this is simply the effect of depauperisation. Starved
plants of vars. genuina and paleacea may he found in the same con-
dition : when such do produce sori, the difference can only he relied
on as an evidence that pumila and ahbreviata helong to a smaller form
or race than vars. <x, /3, and y ; for these three when so small as ordi-
nary wild specimens of vars. pumila and ahbreviata produce no sori at
all. The form called crispa by Mr. Moore seems the same as a plant
which I gatnered at Scalpa, and is much more robust than pumila,
being from 8 to 18 inches high. The 8-inch specimens have mostly
but 1 or 2 sori on each pinnule, while the larger examples have 6 or
8 on the basal ones. It has much the habit of paleacea, but has
scales like those of pumila, and glandular fronds and indusia. It is
remarkable for its crowded overlapping pinnules, which are imbricated
one over the other, the anterior edge of each being turned upwards.
Each pinnule has its edges reflexed, so that it is convex on the upper
side, but the apex is bent upwards, so that the pinna, taken as a
whole, is concave.

Var. e agrees with pumila in its very short rachis and numerous
glandular scales with toothed margins, thicker and darker-coloured
than those of vars. genuina and qffinis, but thinner and less bristly
than those of paleacea. The fronds and the indusia have more nume-
rous glands than in var. 8. pumila; the pinnules, at least towards
the base of the pinnae, are separate from each other, and much less
twisted. The lower pair of pinnae are not so much shorter than the
succeeding pair, and the frond when fully developed is more parallel-
sided, and thinner in texture and of a yellower green. Indeed,
but for the short stipes and firmer indusium they might be mistaken
for those of L. rigida by a casual observer. A cultivated plant which
I had from Messrs. Sang, of Kirkcaldy (who got it from the late
Dr. Lyell, of Xewburgh) has the fronds 10 to 15 inches long by 3
to 5 inches broad, and the stipes 1 to 1\ inches long; but others
received from Mr. TTollaston, originally from Langdale, have the
fronds 3 feet 6 inches long and 7 inches broad ; and the stipes 5 or
6 inches long. Mr. Moore says (" Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed.,
vol. i. p. 129), "Indusium fringed with glands." But I have never
seen this ; they are dotted with glands, but not fringed.

Mr. Lowe says of his ahbreviata that" specimens would have readily
divided into no less than 20 distinct plants, and this seemed to be
quite a character of the variety." I have not had the opportunity to
verify this record, which would make ahbreviata a multiceps form,
not a pauciceps form, as ordinary Filix-mas.

Mr. G-. B. Wollaston, who has paid great attenlion to the Ferns
of the Filix-mas group, thinks there are 3 distinct species included
under this name: 1, L. Filix-mas, which includes vars. genuina and
a 'Wnis; 2. L. pseudo-mas, equivalent to var. paleacea; and 3, L. ahbre-
viata (Phyt. 1855, p. 172) or L. propinqua (Lowe, * Native Fernsy'

FILICES. 65

vol. i. p. 234). Apparently his abbreviata in the * Phytologist '
included the var. pumila, but in Lowe's ' Native Ferns' pumila is
arranged under pseudo-mas (Lowe, 1. c. p. 280).

If we had merely the forms affinis, paleacea and abbreviata, I should
certainly have described them as subspecies, but with vars. genuina
and pumila the chief forms are so connected that I am unable to
separate them as subspecies.

The present species is readily distinguished from L. Oreopteris by
having the frond much less tapered towards the base, and the sori
remote from the margins of the pinnules. The indusium is very
different, being firm, reniform, and persistent.

L. Filix-mas is one of the Ferns which delight fern-growers, from the
number of abnormal forms of the fronds which occur. Some of these,
which have the ends of the pinnae and apex of the stem cleft, are
extremely beautiful, while others in which the pinnae are much
reduced are at least curious, if not beautiful.

The caudex of the male fern has long had a reputation as an anthel-
mintic or vermifuge. The caudex must be gathered between the end
of May and the middle of September, and after being dried in the
shade, powdered and kept in well- closed bottles. The powder loses
its virtue if kept much longer than a year.

Male-fern, or Male Shield-fern.

SPECIES IV.— L ASTREA RIGID A. Pred.

Plate 1851.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 89.

Nephrodiuni rigidum, Desv. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil.

ed. ii. p. 275.
Aspidium rigidum, Swartz. Hook, in Suppl. Eng. Bot. No. 2724. Milde, Fil. Europ.

p. 126. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Babenh. 1. c. No. 89.
A. fragrans, Gray, Nat. Ar. Brit. PI. p. 9.
Polystichum rigidum, DC. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 979. Gren. &

Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 632.
P. strigosum, Both. Tent. Fl. Germ. p. 86.
Polypodium rigidum, Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. Vol. II. p. 6.
P. fragrans, Yillars, Hist. Plant. Dauph. Vol. III. p. 43, non Linn.
Lophodium fragrans, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. p. xxi.
L. rigidum, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 176.

Caudex short, stout, thick, separating into numerous small divisions,
which are moderately thick, very short, and closely packed together,
closely covered by the imbricated bases of former fronds. Fronds
all similar ; several produced close together from the extremity of each
crown, erect or -ascending, deciduous. Stipes rather long (one-fifth as

vol. xir. K

66 ENGLISH BOTANY.

long to nearly as long as the lamina), rather stout, flattened or only
slightly channelled on the anterior face, even in the upper part
containing 5 vascular bundles, thickly sprinkled with minute sessile
glands, and rather thickly clothed with numerous lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate acuminate denticulate brown conspicuously glandular
scales, which are subpersistent, or more rarely partially or wholly
persistent. Lamina firm, dull greyish-green, thickly sprinkled with
glands on both sides at least when young, strapshaped-oblong or
narrowly triangular-oblong, tapering gradually to the apex, very
abrupt at the base, bipinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae triangular or
triangular-strapshaped, about as long as any of the succeeding pairs,
all of them shortly stalked, pinnate, flat or slightly concave ; ultimate
pinnules oblong or oblong-strapshaped, or strapshaped-triangular,
scarcely falcate, not decurrent on either side of base, obtuse or sub-
acute, pinnatifidly lobed, with the lobes serrate, the serratures
generally very sharp but not spinous-pointed. Ultimate veins running
from the midrib to just within the margins of the lobes or ultimate
segments of the pinnules, with each venule running into a tooth.
Sori placed on the pinnce of the upper half or two-thirds of the frond,
attached to the back of the anterior venule of the ultimate lobes,
forming a line on each side of the main vein of the pinnules con-
siderably more approximate to it than to the margin of the pinnule,
extending nearly to the apex of the pinnules, sometimes at the base of
the pinnules, also on 2 or more branches of the vein. Indusium firm,
persistent, roundish-reniforrn, convex, often very much so, sprinkled
with conspicuous glands over the whole surface. Spores bluntly
tuberculate with a few large blunt tubercles. No sterile fronds
dissimilar to the fertile ones.

On rocks and amongst broken limestone in mountainous districts,
very local. Silverdale, near the top lock, Lancaster and Kendal
Canal, North Lancashire ; Allermine rocks, above Settle ; south-east
side of Ingleborough ; White Scars, above Ingleton, Yorkshire;
Arnside Knot, Hutton Eoof Craigs, and Farlton Knot, Westmore-
land ; and indeed over the whole tract between Arnside Knot and
Ingleborough. It is recorded from Wolston Moss, near Warrington,
Mr. W. Christy, but this requires confirmation. A single plant
was found near Bath, probably planted ; and it has been gathered
in Ireland, on a clay slate wall near Towaly, Drogheda, no doubt
planted (Cyb. Hib.).

England, [Ireland]. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

FILICES. 67

Stipes from the thickness of a crow-quill to that of a goose-quill,
3 inches to 1 foot long ; in the latter case (a plant from Ingleborough
collected by Mr. Baker) the lamina is 14 inches long and 5 inches
broad ; in another Ingleborough specimen from the late Mr. A. 0. Black,
the rachis is 10 inches long, and the frond 14 inches by 5 inches. The
colour and texture of the lamina is not unlike that of Polypodium
Robertianum, no doubt on account of the small whitish glands with
which the plant is so thickly sprinkled even on the upper side. The
under side of the frond is much paler than the upper. The scales
on the lower part of the stipes vary from ovate-lanceolate to lanceo-
late; those on the upper part of the stipes, rachis, and secondary
rachides are much narrower. The pinnae are spreading or ascending-
spreading, and do not decrease in size towards the base, indeed the
lowest pair is frequently actually longer than the succeeding pairs.
The pinnules are not contiguous, the lower ones at least attached by
a narrow base, which is frequently more or less auricled on account
of their lowest lobes being larger than the rest, they taper slightly
towards the apex. They are conspicuously fringed with minute
stalked glands. Indusia yellow, but ultimately appearing lead-colour
from the dark-coloured sporangia showing through, as in Filix-mas.

L. rigida is not unlike the abbreviata form of Filix-mas, but has
a much longer stipes, a more opaque frond, which is very much more
glandular, and is more abrupt at the base from the great size of the
lower pair of pinnae. The indusia are thinner, less deeply notched
and with much larger and more conspicuous glands, which are
evidently stalked. The multiceps caudex is very different from that
of any form of L. Filix-mas I have seen.

I am indebted to Mr. Charles Bailey, of Manchester, for a living
plant from Arnside Knot.

Rigid Shield-fern.

SPECIES V.— LAST RE A RE MOT A. Moore.

Plate 1852.

Nephrodiura remotuni, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466.

N. spinulosum, var. remotum, Hook. & Bale. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 275.

Aspidium remotum, A. Broun. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 125.

A. rigidum, /?. remotum, A. Braun in Doll. Fl. Eheinl. p. 16.

" A. Filix-mas, var. elongatum, Hoolc. Spec. Fil. Vol. IV. p. 117." Milde.

" Caudex stout, unusually upright " (Clowes, in lit.). Fronds all
similar, erect, " deciduous" (Lowe). Stipes rather long (about one-
fourth the length of the lamina), channelled on the anterior face,
containing 7 vascular bundles, without glands and with very numerous
scales, the lowest of which are ovate, acuminate or cuspidate and

K 2

68 ENGLISH BOTANY.

pale brown, the upper lanceolate intermixed with hair-like ones ;
these two last commonly having a darker shade in the centre towards
the base ; all of them more or less persistent. Lamina firm, bright
green, without glands, elliptical-strapshaped or strapshaped-oblong,
rather abruptly acuminate and rather abrupt at the base, bipinnate ;
lowest pair of pumas triangular-strapshaped, shorter than the suc-
ceeding pair, but not very much so, all of them shortly stalked?
pinnate, flat ; pinnules oblong or oblong-elliptical, or the basal ones
triangular-lanceolate, not falcate, not decurrent on either side of the
base, subobtuse or subacute, the basal ones pinnatipartite, with
the lobes serrate at the apex, the others inciso-serrate ; serratures
very sharp, but not spinous-pointed. Ultimate veins running from
the midrib to just within the margins of the lobes or ultimate seg-
ments of the pinnules, once forked or simple, with each posterior
venule running into a tooth. Sori occupying the whole of the frond*
attached to the back of the anterior venule of the ultimate lobes,
or on the largest lobes to two or three of the lowest ultimate venules
of the lobe, forming a line on each side of the main vein of the
pinnules, much nearer to it than to the margin of the pinnules,
extending nearly to the apex of the pinnules. Indusium rather
firm, persistent, roundish-reniform, erose on the margins, without
glands. Spores bluntly tuberculated. No sterile fronds dissimilar
to the fertile ones.

Windermere, Westmoreland ; first observed by Mr. Isaac Huddart
growing in company with L. Filix-mas, vars. incisa and abbreviata,
L. spinulosa, and L. dilatata, and about 5 miles from limestone rocks,
where L. rigida is abundant. (Mr. Frederick Clowes in Phyt. 1860,
p. 227.)

England. Perennial. Autumn.

Frond resembling in outline that of L. Filix-mas, var. genuina, but
with a longer stipes, 3 to 4 feet high, of which the stipes is 9 inches
to 1 foot long. PinnaB pointing upwards at an acute anole, longest
in the middle of the frond, the longest 5 or 6 inches long ; pinnules
in the middle of the frond ^ to 1 inch long.

L. remota differs from L. Filix-mas in its longer stipes and more
compound fronds. The pinnules are not contiguous and are attached
by a narrow base to the partial rachis ; they are nearly equally cut
in on both the anterior and posterior sides, so that the basal ones are
almost stalked, with a tendency to be broadest near the middle or
a little below it, and are so deeply pinnatipartite that the frond be-
comes almost tripinnate. The partial rachis is winged, with a narrow

FILICES. 69

herbaceous stripe connecting the pinnules, which are less decidedly
opposite than those of L. Filix-mas ; and the lobes of the pinnules have
a more decided mid-vein giving off branches than even var. affinis of
L. Filix-mas, though it does obtain to some extent in the more divided
forms of that variety ; even in these, however, the pinnules, except
those at the bottom of the pinna?, are narrowed at the base only on the
anterior side and decurrent on the posterior side. In L. remota the
sori are placed in a line which is much closer to the midrib of the
pinnules than in L. Filix-mas. The scales also are different, being
more varied in form on the same individual, and those at the base of
the stipes are broader. The indusium is smaller, thinner in texture,
and with the depression of the notch less marked than in Filix-mas,
and the edges are finely denticulate.

From L. rigida it differs in its much longer fronds, which have the
basal pinna? conspicuously smaller than the succeeding ones, and all
of them making a much smaller angle with the rachis. The pinnules
are much larger, and are not to be auricled at the base, as is so
frequently the case with L. rigida ; and there is an absence of the
conspicuous glands with which the rachis scales, upper and under
sides of the lamina and indusia are studded. The ultimate veins are
more clavate at the apex than in any of the preceding species of
Lastrea.

Its difference from L. spinulosa will be noticed under that species.

Of this plant I have seen no living specimens, nor do I possess
dried native specimens. I have received dried cultivated specimens
from Windermere, from Mr. G. B. Wollaston, through the kindness
of Messrs. F. Currie and C. E. Broome ; and also from Messrs. E.
Sang and Sons, Kirkcaldy, who had the frond from Mr. Lowe, of
Nottingham. The caudex and vernation I am therefore unable to
describe from personal experience ; but Mr. F. Clowes writes con-
cerning the former, " A single crown of it, if let alone, will grow up
like a tree-fern, and requires support to prevent it being broken by
the wind." In his paper in the 2nd ser. of ' Phytologist,' 1860,
p. 220, of the vernation he says, " Forms side loops like spinulosa ;
tip not so disengaged as to form the ' shepherd's crook ' ;" and of the
pinna? he says, " Lower ones obliquely triangular from the greater
length of posterior basal pinnules ; the surface more or less twisted
upwards." Here we have two additional differences from Filix-mas
in which the well-known " shepherd's crook," formed by the top
uncurling frond, is particularly observable and forms a marked feature
(though it is said to be imperfectly formed in var. abbreviata), while
the second point is the twisting of the pinnae as in L. spinulosa and
L. uliginosa, so that their plane does not coincide with that of the
frond as a whole, which it does in Filix-mas.

Milde says that the original discoverer of this plant, the late
Professor A. Braun, now (1867) considers this plant a form of Filix-
mas ; but Milde himself inclines to the opinion that it is a hybrid

70 EXGLISH BOTANY.

between Filix-mas and spinulosa ; and Mr. Clowes writes, " I have
no doubt that L. remota of Moore and Braim is a hybrid. It has
been sown over and over again, and always produced L. Filix-mas,
var. paleacea. I do not know whether L. dilatata or spinulosa has
ever come up from its spores ; but as the plant called L. remota has
never come from its spores, I cannot think it a species or variety.
I do not know whether it is a hybrid between L. Filix-mas and
L. dilatata or L. spinulosa."

It appears to be a plant of extreme rarity, as only 3 stations are
known for it — namely, near the Cataract of Geroldsau, in the Grand
Duchy of Baden, where it was found growing with L. spinulosa and
Filix-mas by A. Braun in 1834; in the Aachener-Busch, between
Aix-la-Chapelle and Altenberg, found by Braun in 1859 ; and at
Windermere, in 1854, by Messrs. Huddart and Clowes, but it was not
recognised till sent to Mr. T. Moore in 1859. In 1870 the late Mr.
J. Ward sent to the Botanical Exchange Club some examples of a
Fern from the Black Plantation, near Richmond, Yorkshire, July
1870. The specimens were named by Mr. Ward ' L. dilatata, var/
Mr. H. C. Watson named them ' spinulosa.' I was inclined to refer
them to Filix-mas, var. incisa. The specimens are almost barren,
and evidently malformed ; but, except for the shorter and broader
fronds (1^- to 2 feet by 5 to 8 inches), less acute teeth, and the
shorter stipes, they agree best with L. remota. It is to be hoped
that some botanist will examine the locality.

Remote Shield-fern.

SPECIES VI.-L ASTREA CRISTATA. PresL
Plate 1853.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 17.
L. cristatum (type) T. Moore, Phyt. 1851, p. 149, and Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed.

Vol. I. p. 209. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 447.
L. cristatum a. Callipteris, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 585.
L. Callipteris, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 12.
Nephrodium cristatum, Mich. (type). Hoolc. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Hooker & Baler, Syn.

Fil. ed. ii. p. 273.
Aspidium cristatum, Svcartz. Smith, Eng. Bot. No. 2125 ; and Eng. Flora, Vol. IV.

p. 289. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Rabenh. 1. c. No. 17.
A. cristatum (type), Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 129.
Polystichum cristatum, Both. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 978. Gren. &

Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 631.
P. Callipteris, DC. Fl. Fr. ed. iii. Vol. II. p. 562.
Polypodium cristatum, Linn. Sp. Plant, p. 1551.

P. Callipteris, Ehrhart, Beitr. zur Naturk. Vol. III. p. 77, non ' Wilms.' (Milde).
Lophodium Callipteris, Newman, Phyt. 1851, App. p. six. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii.

p. 170.

FILICES.

71

Caudex elongate, rather thick, separating into numerous small
divisions which are moderately thick, elongate, and creeping, except
where the plant grows in dry ground (when the crowns are closely
packed together), partially covered by the more or less separated bases
of former fronds. Fronds of 2 kinds, a few produced close together
from the extremity of each division or crown, deciduous, sub-evergreen.
Fertile fronds quite erect. Stipes rather long (from one-third as long-
to as long as the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior lace,
containing 5 vascular bundles, without glands, more or less sparsely
clothed with broadly-ovate cuspidate concave entire very pale brown
subpersistent scales. Lamina firm, rather pale yellowish-green,
glabrous and without glands, strapshaped, abruptly acuminate at the
apex, very abrupt at the base, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae deltoid or
deltoid-triangular, about the same length and form as 3 or -4 of the
succeeding pairs, but shorter than those in the middle of the frond,
which are triangular, all of them shortly stalked, pinnatipartite, or
the lower ones almost pinnate towards the base ; pinnules or ultimate
segments oblong, attached by the whole breadth of their base, decur-
rent on the lower side, the lowest pair on each pinna alone partially
separated on both sides from the wing of the partial rachis to which
the segments are attached, more or less serrate or doubly serrate;
those nearest the rachis sometimes lobed or almost pinnatifid ; teeth
incurved upwards, acute, or some of them mucronate. Ultimate
veins slightly impressed on the upper surface, running from the
midrib to the margin of the segments, clavate, forked or alternately
branched, according to the size of the lobe ; some at least of the
venules running into teeth. Sori confined to the pinnae of the upper
half of the frond, attached to the back of the anterior branch of the
ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of the mid-vein of the
segment of the pinna nearly equidistant from it and the margin of
the pinnule or segment and extending nearly to the apex of the
pinnules, sometimes also at the base of the pinnule on 2 or more
branches of the vein. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, subpersistent,
roundish-reniform, flat, slightly erose, but without glands either on
the margin or surface. Spores tuberculate, with large sparse rounded
tubercles. Barren fronds numerous, arching greatly backwards,
much shorter than the fertile fronds, and with a short, slender
stipes. Lamina oblong or elliptical-oblong, tapering gradually from
•| of the frond to the apex, thinner in texture than that of the fertile
frond, pinnate • pinnae approximate, pinnatipartite ; ultimate segment

72 ENGLISH BOTANY.

broadly oblong, closely approximate, rounded or obtuse at the apex,
evenly toothed and with the teeth shorter than in the fertile frond,
and not mucronate.

In bogs and on wet heaths, especially among Alder bushes. Yery
local. At Tritton Decoy, near the old decoy at Mestleton, and Bexley
Decoy, near Ipswich, Suffolk ,• Edgefield Heath, near Holt (Mr.
Wiugham) ; Lurlingham Broad (Rev. \Y. S. Hoare) ; Lezeak, (Rev.
John Freeman) ; Higham Sounds, near Burnley Hall (A. 0. Black) ;
Holt Lows (Rev. W. H. G-irdlestone) ; Derlingham and Bawsey
Heath, near Lynn ; Fakenham and Wymondham, Norfolk ; Hunting-
donshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley) ; Madeley bog, near Newcastle-under-
Lyme,, Staffordshire ; Oxton bogs, Nottingham ; Achmere, Delamere
Forest (J. F.Robinson); Wybunbury bog, Cheshire; Malton, York-
shire, " Messrs. Monkman and J. Mackle " (Lowe). Reported also
from Bedford and Worcestershire. In Scotland the only known
station is in a bog beyond Crofthead, near Xeilston, Renfrewshire,
1 2 miles south-west of Glasgow.

England, Scotland. Perennial. Autumn.

Caudex slowly creeping, sometimes 2 feet long, about as thick as a
man's thumb or more, the branches terminated by crowns, which
advance each year; but when growing in dry soil the plant becomes
tufted, as the divisions of the caudex do not elongate, but remain
closely packed together, forming a many-headed caudex. Fertile
fronds 18 inches to 3 feet high, of which the lamina is 9 to 18 inches,
and 3 to 5 inches broad, very stiffly erect, with the pinnae rather
distant, 5 or more of the lower pairs broader shorter and more
spreading than the succeeding ones ; all of them slightly twisted, so
that their upper surface makes an angle with the general plane of
the frond ; in vernation they are flat, and applied to the rachis.
Barren fronds 6 to 18 inches long by 3 to 6 inches broad, the pinnae
decreasing from the middle towards both base and apex, closer
together, less acute than in the fertile fronds, and with the segments
contiguous. Stipes slender, 3 to 6 inches long. Rachis of both
barren and fertile fronds usually bare of scales.

I am indebted to Dr. J. Fraser for specimens of the barren fronds
from \Vybunbury bog ; and also to Mr. J. F. Robinson, from
Achmere. These fronds appear to be rare in herbaria, botanists
satisfying themselves with collecting the fertile ones. I have never
seen them deficient in the cultivated plant ; and though when weak
it produces nothing else, yet as they are present whenever it is
growing vigorously, they may be considered as a normal feature
of its growth.

FILICES. 73

This plant cannot well be confounded with any British Fern, except
L. uliginosa. The differences will be mentioned hereafter. Strangely
enough, L. Filix-nias was figured in the original edition of ' English
Botany,' No. 1949, for it. Smith says Mr. Sower by was deceived by
a wrong specimen sent from the Isle of Wight, but that Filix-mas was
never mistaken for cristata by him. I have long had the plant in
cultivation from Edgefield and Bawsey Heath, sent me by the Rev.
Kirby Trimmer ; it is much less vigorous than L. uliginosa and spinu-
losa growing beside it.

Crested Shield-fern.

SPECIES VIL-L ASTREA ULIGINOSA. Newman.

Plate 1854.

Rabenk. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 19. Neicm. Phyt. 1849, p. 678.

L. cristata, var. (3. uliginosa, Moore, Phyt. 1851, p. 149 ; and Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns,

8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 210. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 447. Hoolc. & Am. Brit.

Fl. ed. viii. p. 585.
Ncphrodium cristatum, {3. uliginosum, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465. Hook. & Bak. Syn.

Fil. ed. ii. p. 273.
Aspidium cristatum, var. uliginosum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 130.
A. spinulosum x cristatum, Milde, Yerhandl. der Schles. Gesellsch. 1855, p. 64 ; and

Nov. Act. 1858, p. 532. Lasch. in Bot. Zeit. 1856, p. 435, teste Milde. Bdbenh.

I.e. No. 19.
Lopbodium uliginosum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371 ; and App. XIX. Hist. Brit. Ferns,

ed. iii. p. 163.

Caudex short (or elongate when growing in bogs ?), rather thick,
separating into numerous rather small divisions or crowns, which are
moderately thick, short, and closely packed together (probably more
elongate and creeping when growing in moist bogs ?), covered by the
imbricated bases of former fronds. Fronds of two kinds, several
produced close together round the extremity of each division or
crown, deciduous. Fertile fronds stiffly erect. Stipes rather long
(^ to nearly ^ the length of the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on
the anterior face, containing 5 vascular bundles, without glands,
more or less sparsely clothed with broadly-ovate cuspidate concave
entire very pale brown snbpersistent scales. Lamina firm, deep
yellowish-green, glabrous and without glands, strapshaped, tapering
gradually to the apex, abrupt at the base, pinnate ; lowest pair of
pinna3 deltoid-triangular, with the basal pinnules nearly equally long
both above and below, about as long as the succeeding pair, the
others becoming gradually longer and narrower till about the middle

VOL. XII. L

74 ENGLISH BOTANY.

of the lamina where they are narrowly triangular, after which they
gradually diminish in length to the apex ; all of them shortly stalked,
pinnate ; pinnules flat, elliptical-oblong, or those next the rachis
oblong-triangular, attached by only a portion of their base, decurrent
on the lower side ; the lowest pair on each pinna quite separated and
almost stalked, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite with the lobes
inciso-serrate ; the pinnules towards the apex of the pinnse less
deeply pinnatifid, and those towards the apex simply inciso-serrate ;
teeth incurved, acute, most of them mucronate. Ultimate veins deeply
impressed on the upper surface, running from the midrib of the
segments of the pinnules to their margins, clavate, all except the
anterior one (which runs into the notch between the teeth), running
into the teeth. Sori usually occupying the whole frond, attached to
the back of the anterior branch of the ultimate veins, forming a line
on each side of the ultimate segment of the pinnule in the lower
pinnules, and of the pinnule or segment itself towards the apex of
the pinnae, about midway between the mid-vein and the margin of
the segment or pinnule, as the case may be, and extending nearly to
the apex. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, subpersistent, roundish-
reniform, flat, slightly erose, but without glands either on the margin
or surface. Spores abortive in all the specimens I have examined.
Barren fronds numerous, arching backwards, much shorter than the
fertile ones, and with a short, slender stipes. Lamina oblong,
tapering gradually from the middle of the frond to the apex, thinner
in texture than those of the fertile fronds, pinnate ; pinnse approxi-
mate, pinnatipartite ; ultimate segments oblong, closely approximate,
obtuse at the apex, doubly serrate, with the teeth incurved, short and
scarcely mucronate.

In bogs, growing in company with L. cristata and L. spinulosa,
very local. Bawsey Heath, Norfolk; Wybunbury bogs, Cheshire;
Oxton bogs, Nottingham (Newman) ; Malton, Yorkshire (Monk-
man). Reported from Epping Forest, Essex ; Castle Howard, York-
shire, and Derwentwater, where L. cristata does not grow, but I
doubt it being the true plant.

England. Perennial. Autumn.

Rootstock in the cultivated plant breaking into numerous crowns,
which remain closely packed together ; they attain a larger size than
those of L. cristata before they break, having often 6 or 8 fronds
growing from a single one. No botanist seems to have published

FILICES. 75

any results of examination of the caudex of this Fern in its native
localities, but it is very probable that the branches of the caudex,
when it is growing in boggy soil, creep like those of L. cristata and
spinulosa, both of which assume a tufted condition when grown in
ordinary garden soil ; but L. uliginosa certainly forms larger crowns
than either of the others when cultivated under precisely similar
circumstances. Fertile fronds 18 inches to 3 feet high, and 4 or
5 inches broad ; pinnae rather distant, the lower ones spreading, the
uppermost ones ascending, all somewhat twisted round so as to turn
their upper surface to the sky. Barren fronds 8 to 12 inches long,
by 2^ to 4 inches broad.

Occasionally late in the year fertile fronds shorter and less divided
than the ordinary ones, and consequently much more resembling those
of L. cristata than the ordinary ones, are produced ; but, as far as my
experience goes, this is by no means a usual occurrence. It seems
as if sori were produced on what ought to have been barren fronds.

A very puzzling plant, quite intermediate between L. cristata and
L. spinulosa. It differs from the former in its longer, narrower, and
more acute pinnae and more separated pinnules or ultimate segments,
many of those next the rachis being pinnatifld, and with their lobes,
as well as the margins of the segments towards the apex of the pinna?,
much more deeply toothed, and the teeth more decidedly mucronate.
The basal pinnules, from being more divided, instead of giving off
veins from the midrib of the pinnule which run to the margin, give
off flexuous veins, running into each lobe, and from this flexuous vein
are given off ultimate veins, of which all but the first anterior branch
run into the teeth, and terminate in a clavate apex before reaching the
point of the tooth. All the veins are much more deeply impressed
on the upper surface than those of L. cristata, consequently the
surface of the frond is less smooth ; in fact, but for its rigid upright-
ness and more spreading pinnse, it closely resembles the less divided
and narrower states of L. spinulosa. I have never found mature
spores in the sporangia of my cultivated plants, but that arises, no
doubt, from their growing in too dry ground.

The barren fronds are much more like those of cristata than the
fertile ones, indeed it would be scarcely possible to separate them if
mixed up among each other ; usually, however, those of L. uliginosa
are broader, with the pinnae more acute, the ultimate segments more
nearly divided from each other, and more distinctly serrated. They
are darker in colour and less smooth on the surface.

I have very little doubt of L. uliginosa being a hybrid between
L. cristata and L. spinulosa. It appears to be found in company
with them, but is certainly less abundant than L. cristata, and much
less so than L. spinulosa : now if it were an intermediate state con-
necting these two we should expect to find it, if not more abundant
than either, more plentiful than one of them. If it really be an inter-
mediate form I think Mr. T. Moore's view is the only one tenable,

76 ENGLISH BOTANY.

viz., that we must consider L. cristata, L. uliginosa, and L. spinulosa
as one species. In the ' Phytologist ' for 1852, p. 694, Mr. Newman
states that " he had possessed for at least 6 years a plant of that form
of Lastrea usually known as cristata, but to which he wished to
restrict the name Callipteris, by Ehrhardt. This plant originally
came from Bawsey, and was most rigidly typical of its kind ; cultivated
in a dry London atmosphere, it had strictly retained its original
characters, except that, getting weaker year after year, it has grown
small by degrees and beautifully less. The weather at last proved
too dry, and this individual plant was planted in bog earth, abun-
dantly supplied with water and placed in a close greenhouse, where
the thermometer frequently rose above 90° Fahrenheit. Its growth
became vigorous in the extreme, but this was not all. Frond after frond
appeared, each receding more than the last from the typical figure of
Callipteris, and approaching that of uliginosa, and at the present
moment it has fronds evidently from the same cormus, which would
serve admirably as representatives of both supposed species." I have
tried treating L. cristata in this way for six years, but it has
retained its typical form. Mr. Newman says that in spring it is
20 days later than multiflora (dilatata) in expanding, 10 days
later than L. spinulosa, and from 10 to 15 days earlier than Callip-
teris (cristata), which accords pretty well with my own experience,
except that I find 10 instead of 20 days the difference between
dilatata and spinulosa ; but Mr. Moore has never found any constancy
in this respect with cultivated plants. The fronds of L. uliginosa
last till December in ordinary years.

Milde quotes Aspidium Boottii, Tuckerman (A. spinulosum var.
Boottii, Gray, Man. Bot. U. S.) as a synonym of L. uliginosa, and I
have characteristic specimens of it from Christiania, sent by the late
Professor Blyth, under the name " Polystichum spinulosum, var. fere
P. Boottii, Americanorum," but in Gray's Manual the involucre of
Boottii is said to be glandular, and the plant to be closely allied to the
European form A. remotum, Braun, while in Hook, and Bak. Syn.
Fil. it is referred to L. spinulosum, and L. collina, Newman, is given
as a synon}Tm of var. Boottii. I have no specimens of it, and therefore
I have not ventured to quote the American name.

Lloyd's Shield-fern.

SPECIES YIIL-LASTRE A SPINULOSA. Presl.

Plate 1855.

RabenJi. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 18.

L. spinosa, Newm. Nat. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 209.

L. cristata, var. spinulosa, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 210.

Nephrodium spinulosum, " Best:" Hook.JU. Stud. Fl. p. 466.

N. spinulosum, a, Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 275.

FILICES. 77

Aspidium spinulosum, Swartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1460 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 292 (?)

Mllde, Fil. Europ. p. 132.
A. spinulosum, var. a, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82.
A. cristatum, var. spinulosum, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 885.
Polystichuni spinulosum, a. vulgare, Kocli, Syn. " Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 979." Gren.

& Godr. Fl. de France, Vol. III. p. 632.
P. spinosum, Roth, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 91, teste Neicm.

Polypodium spinulosum, Midler, " Fl. Fridrichsdal, 193, No. 811, t. ii. f. 2," teste Moore.
Lophodium spinosum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and App. XVIII. ; and Hist. Brit.

Ferns, ed. iii. p. 157.

Cauclex short or elongate, rather thick, separating into numerous
small divisions, which are moderately thick, more or less elongate and
creeping, but sometimes (when growing in dry ground short and with
the crowns closely packed together), partially covered by the more or
less separated bases of former fronds. Fronds all similar, a few pro-
duced from the extremity of each division or crown, sub-evergreen,
erect, or more rarely inclining backwards. Stipes long (from one-third
to quite the length of the lamina), rather stout, deeply channelled
on the anterior face, containing 5 vascular bundles, usually without
glands, rather sparsely clothed with ovate cuspidate concave
entire very pale brown subpersistent scales, sometimes intermixed
with lanceolate ones. Lamina firm, yellowish-green or deep green,
glabrous and usually without glands, strapshaped or oblong-strap-
shaped or lanceolate-oblong, tapering gradually towards the apex,
abrupt at the base, bipinnate or almost tripinnate ; lowest pair of
pinna? unequally triangular or deltoid-triangular, with the basal
pinnules longer on the lower than on the upper side of the midrib,
about as long as the succeeding pair of pinnae, the others becoming
gradually longer and narrower as far as a little below the middle of the
lamina, where they are narrowly triangular, after which they gradually
diminish in length ; all of them shortly stalked, pinnate ; pinnules
flat or convex, elliptical oblong, or the lower ones oblong-triangular,
attached by a very small portion of the centre of their base, the
basal ones of the lower pinna? not decurrent and frequently shortly
stalked, usually only those towards the apices of the upper pinna?
decurrent ; lower ones pinnatipartite or deeply pinnatifid, with the
lobes inciso-serrate, those pinnules towards the apex of the pinna?
less deeply pinnatifid, and those at the apex only inciso-serrate ;
teeth scarcely incurved, strongly mucronate. Ultimate veins deeply
impressed on the upper surface, all except the anterior one (which
runs into the notch between the lobes) running into the teeth. Sori
usually occupying the whole frond, except the lowest pair of pinnae,

78 ENGLISH BOTANY.

but sometimes confined to its upper half, attached to the back of the
anterior branch of the ultimate veins, forming a line on each side of
the midrib of the ultimate segment of the pinnule nearer the midrib
than the margin of the pinnule or segment as the case may be. and
extending nearly to its apex. Indusium thin, soon shrivelling, sub-
persistent, roundish-reniform, flat, entire or remotely denticulate,
but without glands either on the margin or surface. Spores tuber-
culate, with sparse large rounded tubercles. No barren fronds unlike
the fertile ones.

Yar. a. elevatum.
Aspidium spinulosum, var. elevatum, A. Braun. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 133.

Rachis without glands. Lamina firm, yellowish-green, without
glands, strapshaped or oblong-strapshaped, nearly parallel-sided.
Indusium nearly entire, without glands on the margin.

Yar. /3. exaltatum.
Aspidium spinulosum, var. exaltatum, Lascli. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 132.

Rachis without glands. Lamina thin, deep green without glands,
oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less curved-sided.
Indusium nearly entire, without glands on the margin.

Yar. y. decipiens.

Rachis sprinkled with minute stalked glands. Lamina firm,
yellowish-green, with minute clavate glands beneath, oblong-strap-
shaped or lanceolate-oblong. Indusium dentate, with the teeth
usually without glands.

Yar. a in bogs and on heaths. Yar. j3 in woods. Both forms
rather common, and generally distributed in England. More rare in
Scotland, and certainly occurring as far north as Aberdeen, Perth
and Inverness, and recorded as far north as Elgin, Ross and the Isle
of Lewis. Sparingly distributed throughout Ireland from south to
north. Yar. y, wood below Linley, near Broseley, Salop, Mr. Gr.
Moore (sub nom. " L. dilatata /B. glandulosa ") ; roadside between
Inver Cloy and Brodick Castle, Arran. Perhaps some of the forms
referred to L. glandulosa, which are said to have creeping caudices,
belong to this variety of spinulosa, though Mr. F. Clowes dis-
tinguishes ' glandulose spinulosa ' from ' glandulosa ' at Windermere.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

FILICES. 79

Caudex slowly creeping when growing in boggy soil or leaf-mould,
in which case the divisions extend and separate the crowns from each
other, but when the plant grows in dry soil the divisions do not
elongate and the crowns remain close together, so that the plant has
a number of small tufts. Fronds 9 inches to 3 feet high or more, of
which the stipes is usually about half, but sometimes less, and some-
times a little more. Tar. a has the lamina firm, nearly parallel-
sided, 6 inches long by 2i inches broad to 18 inches long by 5 broad,
yellowish-green, with the pinnae pointing upwards ; in this state it
closely resembles the fertile fronds of L. uliginosa, but the frond is
more divided ; the basal pinnae have most of their pinnules separated,
and the two pinnules at the bottom of the pinnae on the lower side
of the pinnules are much longer than on the upper side, and
though this occasionally happens in L. uliginosa it is to a far less
extent. The pinnad are longer, and form a more acute angle with
the rachis, they are not so much twisted out of the plane of the
lamina, so that their upper surface is not so horizontal. Tar. ft
attains a considerably larger size, and is broader and less parallel-
sided, being from a foot long by 5 inches broad to 2 feet long by
11 inches broad; the frond is much thinner and of a deeper green,
and the lower pinnules are often again pinnate. The sori are smaller
than in var. a, and do not become confluent as they often do in it.
Tar. y appears to be a form which Milde refers to under var. ele-
vatum. " Hujus varietatis formam eximiam in montibus Moravise
observavi. Pagina subtus glandulosa ; glandulas Ion gas, clavatas,
unicellulares ; dentes laciniarum longissimi, in glandulam exeuntes.
Indusium glabrum. Baches dense paleaceae ; petiolus dense rufo-
paleaceus, brevior (5-8" longus). Ceterum lamina angusta, rigida,
flavescens." — Fil. Europ. p. 133. This agrees well with my var. y.

The creeping caudex with its numerous small divisions, or
when in dry ground the caudex dividing into numerous small
heads, and the more parallel-sided frond distinguish it from L. glan-
dulosa.

The broad concolorous scales, many-headed caudex, and narrower
fronds, separate it from L. dilatata.

The spores are similar to those of L. spinulosa, with a few large,
rounded tubercles, not closely and finely muricated as in L. glandulosa
and dilatata.

Tars, a and /3 look very different when growing wild, but when
brought into the garden they lose most of their peculiarities, and
it is probable that instead of being true varieties they are states
affected by their place of growth.

I have genuine L. spinulosa from Amherstburg, Canada, collected
by Dr. P. W. Maclagan.

Lastrea remota is referred by some botanists to L. spinulosa, but
it differs in the far more numerous scales, many of them narrowly
lanceolate, by the greater number of pinna? in fronds of equal size,

80 ENGLISH BOTANY.

by the veins being less impressed above, but chiefly by the inclusium
being- firm and very convex, and retaining its shape like that of
L. Filix-mas instead of being thin, flat, and soon crumpled up when
the spore-cases swell and raise its edges. Still there can be no
doubt that it is a form connecting L. spinulosa and L. Filix-mas.

Narrow Shield-fern.

SPECIES (?) IX.— L ASTREA GLANDULOSA. Newman.

Plate 1856.
Newman, Phyt. 1851, p. 256.
L. dilatata, var. glandulosa, Moore (in part ?), Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 124 ; and

ed. iii. p. 127 ; Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 226 (in part). Bab.

Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 448.
Neplirodium dilatatum, var. glandulosum, Hook.fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466.
Lophodiuin glandulosum, Newm. Phyt. 1851, Ap. xviii. and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed iii.

p. 154.
L. glanduliferum, Newm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371 (a misprint for glandulosum ?)

Caudex short, very thick, separating into few divisions or crowns,
which are very thick and erect or " creeping." Fronds all similar,
many produced from the extremity of each division or crown, sub-ever-
green, "semi-erect" (Newman). Stipes long (two-thirds to as long
as the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior face, con-
taining 5 vascular bundles, thickly sprinkled with minute clavate or
stalked glands and rather thickly clothed with broadly-ovate cuspidate
and lanceolate tapering entire pale brown nearly concolorous sub-
persistent scales. Lamina firm, dull green, sprinkled beneath with
very numerous clavate glands, narrowly oblong or lanceolate-oblong,
tapering more or less gradually towards the apex, abrupt at the base,
bipinnate or almost tripinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae unequally
triangular with the 2 basal pinnules on the lower side of the secondary
rachis much longer than those on the upper side, nearly as long as
the succeeding pair of pinnae ; the others becoming gradually longer
and narrower as far as a little below the middle of the lamina, after
which they at first gradually and then rapidly decrease in length ;
all of them shortly stalked, pinnate ; pinnules " flat or convex," lan-
ceolate-oblong ; those towards the base of the lamina shortly stalked
and pinnati partite, or sometimes almost pinnate ; those towards the
apex of the frond decurrent at the base ; ultimate segments adnate by
a broad base and decurrent on the lower side, oblong inciso-serrate,
with the teeth hooked upwards and strongly mucronate. Ultimate
veins rather faintly impressed on the upper surface, running to the

FILICES. 81

teeth of the ultimate segments, except the first anterior branch. Sori
occupying the whole frond, except sometimes the lowest pair of
pinnae, attached to the back of the first anterior branch of the ulti-
mate mid-veins forming a line on each side of the ultimate pinnules
or ultimate segments, about equidistant from the midrib and the
margin of the pinnule or segment, and extending nearly to its apex.
Indusium rather thin, but retaining its form, subpersistent, roundish-
reniform, slightly convex, with a few clavate or stalked glands
round the margin, and sometimes a few on its surface. Spores finely
muricate, with very numerous small acute tubercles. No barren
fronds unlike the fertile ones.

Darley Dingle, Shropshire ; boggy places on Ankerberry Hill,
near Sedbrook, Forest of Dean, Gloucester ; and " Epping Forest,
Essex " (Mr. Doubleday ; Newman). L. glandulosa has been reported
from several other stations, but I do not feel sure that these are the
same as plant so-called by Mr. Newman.

England. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Lamina 14 inches by 7 inches to 2 feet by 8 inches, remarkable for
the number of minute glands sprinkled on its lower surface.

L. glandulosa is a very puzzling form, being intermediate between
L. spinulosa and L. dilatata, and to some extent between L. remota
and L. dilatata. The caudex I have never seen, but from Mr. New-
man's description and from the recollections of the Rev. W. H.
Purchas I conclude it must resemble those of L. remota and L. dila-
tata, in not breaking into a number of small crowns, and in the
divisions keeping an upright position and attaining a large size, with
very numerous fronds arranged shuttlecock-fashion. But if a plant
found at Windermere, Westmoreland, by Mr. F. Clowes, really belong
to L. glandulosa and not to L. spinulosa, it has a caudex " nearly, if not
quite, as creeping as that of spinulosa" (' Phyt.,' ser. ii. 1860, p. 220).
The scales are intermediate in character between L. remota, L. spinu-
losa, and L. dilatata, most like those of the first, perhaps, but more
highly coloured, and not denticulate at the margins ; the larger
ones resemble those of spinulosa, but have generally a more decided
dark shade in the centre, though less so than those of dilatata, and
they are also thinner in texture than those of the last-named plant.
The lamina is most like that of L. spinulosa in outline and in the
shape of the pinnules, but the pinnae are longer and narrower, and
the teeth more incurved, and (judging from dried specimens) the
veins are but very faintly impressed on the upper surface : still, were
it not for the stout caudex, which does not break into numerous
crowns, the narrower and often darker-centred scales, and, above all,
the finely muricated (not coarsely and sparsely tubercled) spores,
— the plant might be considered a broad-fronded and extremely

VOL. XII. M

82 ENGLISH BOTANY.

glandular form of L. spimilosa. Most, authors place it as a variety
of L. dilatata, with which at least Mr. Newman's original plant
seems to agree in the caudex, and certainly does completely in the
finely muricated spores and gland-fringed indusium. But the lamina
is narrower and less divided, the pinnules having their segments con-
nected quite as much, or even more so than, in spinulosa.

From L. remota it differs in having a much shorter frond in propor-
tion to its width, and with fewer and broader pinnae, with distinctly
mucronate teeth. The lowest pinna? of L. remota do not present such
a broadly and obliquely triangular outline, as remota has not the first
and second, or even the third pinnule on the lower side of the pinna
much larger than those on the upper side. The indusium of L.
remota is also firmer and more convex than that of L. glandulosa, and
the spores are bluntly tubercled, not finely muricated.

I cannot help suspecting that L. glandulosa is a hybrid between
L. spinulosa and L. dilatata. \Vere it as abundant as either of the
two, instead of being very scarce we might consider it as a form from
which L. spinulosa on one side, and L. dilatata on the other, were
diverging ; and the same might be said of L. uliginosa, from which
L. cristata diverges in one direction and spinulosa in the other ; and
lastly, we have L. remota, which connects L. spinulosa, or (as seems
to me more probable) dilatata with L. Filix-mas. Surely it would
be difficult to accept an aggregate species containing Filix-mns and
dilatata. Dr. Goppert, in Cohn's * Kryptogamen Flora von Schlesien,'
makes dilatatum, spinulosum, and cristatum subspecies of Aspidium
spinulosum, but he makes Filix-mas with this form A. remotum a
distinct species, which seems to me an untenable position.

Bennett's Sh ield-fern.

SPECIES X.-L ASTREA DILATATA. Fred.

Plate 1857.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 40.
L. multiflora, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 216.
Xeplirodium dilatatum, Desv. Hook, fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466.
N. spinulosum, fi. dilatatum, Hook. & Bah. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 275.
Aspidium dilatatum, Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1461 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 293.

MSde, Fil. Europ. p. 136. Rabenh. 1. c. No. 40.
A. spinulosum, a. multiflorum, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 586.
A. spinulosum, var. dilatatum, Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82.
Polystichum spinulosum, (3. dilatatum, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 979.

Grcn, & Goch: Fl. de Fr. Vol. III.
P. multiflorum, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 87.
Polypodium multiflorum, Both, Cat. Bot. Fasc. i. p. 35.
Lophodium multiflorum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371, and App. xvii. ; and Hist. Brit.

Ferns, ed. iii. p. 148.

Caudex short, very thick, separating into few divisions which arc

FILICES. 83

very thick and erect or ascending, closely covered by the persistent
bases of former fronds, without dark stripes in their interior when
cut longitudinally. Fronds all similar, many produced from the
extremity of each division or crown, ascending or erect, and arching
backwards, sub-evergreen. Stipes long (one-third as long to as long as
the lamina), stout, deeply channelled on the anterior face, containing
5 or 7 vascular bundles, usually more or less thickly sprinkled with
minute stalked glands, but often glabrous and without glands, rather
thickly clothed with lanceolate and strapshaped tapering entire or
subdenticulate brown scales, which have almost always a dark central
stripe, and are mostly persistent. Lamina firm or subcoriaceous, dull
green, usually sprinkled beneath with more or less numerous clavate
glands, but sometimes without glands, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely triangular-ovate or triangular-lan-
ceolate (at least in mature and healthy plants), tapering gradually
towards the apex, abrupt or truncate at the base, tripinnate or
quadripinnate, rarely only bipinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae unequally
triangular, with the 2 basal pinnules on the lower side of the secondary
rachis much longer than those on the upper side, nearly as long as
the succeeding pair of pinnae ; the others usually becoming gradually
longer and narrower as far as one-third of the lamina, after which
they gradually decrease in length (or rarely the second pair of pinnas
or even the first are longer than the others), shortly stalked, bipin-
nate, more rarely tripinnate or only pinnate ; pinnules convex or
flat, lanceolate-oblong ; those towards the base of the lamina stalked
and pinnate, more rarely bipinnate, and very rarely only pinnati-
partite ; those towards the apex of the frond usually separate from
each other and pinnatipartite or inciso-pinnatifid ; most of them
adnate by a narrow base, but decurrent upon the lower side ; ulti-
mate pinnules or ultimate lobes flat or with the margins recurved,
inciso-serrate, with the teeth strongly incurved and very strongly
mucronate. Ultimate veins rather faintly impressed on the upper
surface, all running to the teeth of the ultimate segments except the
first anterior branch. Sori occupying the whole frond, attached
to the back of the first anterior branch of the ultimate mid-veins,
forming a line on each side of the ultimate pinnules or ultimate
segments about equidistant from the mid-vein and the margin of the
pinnule or segment, and extending nearly to its apex. Indusium
thin, soon shrivelling, subpersistent, roundish-reniform, nearly flat
or slightly convex, with a few clavate or stalked glands round the

M 2

84 ENGLISH BOTANY.

margin. Spores finely mnricate, with very numerous small acute
tubercles. No barren fronds unlike the fertile ones.

Yar. a. genuina.

Rachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular or nearly
without glands ; scales brown with a dark central stripe or blotch.
Lamina firm, lanceolate-ovate or oblong-ovate, tripinnate or bipinnate,
with the pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae unequal-sided from
the greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower
side of the secondary rachis. Sori large.

Yar. /3. tanaceti [folia. Moore.

Polystichuin tanacetifolium, DC. Fl. Fr. Vol. II. p. 562 ; according to a specimen from

Professor Fee, Moure.

Rachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular or nearly
without glands (rarely very glandular) ; scales lanceolate, brown
with a dark central stripe or blotch. Lamina rather thin, triangular-
-ovate or ovate, tripinnate or almost quadripinnate, with the
ultimate pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae unequal-sided from
the great development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side
of the secondary rachis. Sori small.

Yar. y. dumetorum. Moore.

Lastrea multiflora, var. nana, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 222.

Aspidium dumetorum, Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 281 (vide H. C. Watson, Compend. Cyb.

Brit. Part. III. p. 456).
Lophodium nanum, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 153.

Rachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular, or nearly
without glands ; scales brown with a dark central stripe or blotch.
Lamina firm, oblong-ovate, bipinnate, with the pinnules pinnati-
partite ; lowest pinnae somewhat unequal-sided from the rather
greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side
of the secondary rachis. Sori small.

Yar. 8. collina. Bab.

Lophodium collinum, Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. xviii. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii.

p. 141.

Rachis and under side of lamina thickly sprinkled with stalked
glands ; scales brown, with a dark central stripe or blotch. Lamina

FILICES. 85

firm, strapshaped-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, bipinnate with
the pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae somewhat unequal-sided
from the rather greater development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on
the lower side of the secondary rachis ; pinnce more distant and
narrower than in the preceding forms. Sori rather small.

Tar. e. alpina. Moore.

Eachis and under side of lamina sparingly glandular or nearly
without glands ; scales ovate-lanceolate, reddish-brown, often with-
out a dark central stripe. Lamina thin, oblong or oblong-strap-
shaped, more rarely ovate-oblong, tripinnate or bipinnate, with the
pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest pinnae unequal-sided from the great
development of the 1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the
secondary rachis ; pinnules shorter in proportion than in the other
forms. Sori rather large.

(?) Var. £. lepidota. Moore.

Eachis and under side of lamina rather sparingly sprinkled with
stalked glands ; scales broadly lanceolate, intermixed with ovate
cuspidate ones, dark reddish-brown, nearly concolorous, numerous
not only on the stipes and main rachis, but also on the secondary and
tertiary rachides. Lamina deltoid or broadly triangular-ovate, quadri-
pinnate or tripinnate with the lower pinnules pinnatipartite ; lowest
pinnaa unequal-sided, from the much greater development of the
1st and 2nd pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis ;
pinnules more separated from eacb other, as well as more deeply
divided than in the other forms. Sori small.

Tar. a common, and generally distributed in hedgebanks, woods
and moors, and hillsides.

Tar. /J common in shady woods.

Tar. y common in upland districts, on moors, and among rocks
and stony places.

Tar. 8. collina appears to be local. Newman says it occurs in the
lake district in Westmoreland, Lancashire and Yorkshire. I have a
specimen collected by Mr. Baker on the top of Little Ingleborough,
and what I believe to be the same form I gathered at Hobbister
rocks, Orphir, Orkney. Mr. Moore's figure of his variety L. Chanteriaa,
given in his ' Handbook of British Ferns,' so closely resembles
Mr. Newman's figure of collina in his ' Hist. Brit. Ferns,' that I

86 ENGLISH BOTANY.

must refer thern to the same form ; the Rev. Mr. Chanter's plant was
found at Hartland, on the north coast of Devon.

Yar. e. aljrina is frequent on mountains and on upland bogs.

Var. £. lepidota is not known in the wild state ; it was said to have
been procured from Yorkshire.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

An extremely variable plant, though it can scarcely be divided
into varieties in a botanical sense, so insensibly do the different forms
merge into one another ; whether we place the forms under two or
twenty varieties makes very little difference, with the exception of
the form lepidota, which is a doubtful native, and is certainly
distinct enough to be called a true variety, if not a subspecies. The
rootstock is remarkable for not breaking, i.e., it continues to grow
until it has attained a large size before it divides and forms new
crowns, in this forming a marked contrast to that of L. spinulosa.
The divisions of the cauclex in the large wood forms of the plant are
often as thick as a man's arm, and are generally erect ; but some-
times the branches of the cauclex when growing amongst dead leaves
or bushes, or even in bogs, become as slender and creeping as those of
L. spinulosa, but they differ in not constantly forming new crowns
before they have attained a large size. I suspect that this may
account for the statements of forms of L. dilatata " being nearly, if
not quite, as creeping as spinulosa" (' Phyt.' ser. ii. 1860, p. 229).

I have numerous specimens, collected in Fife, with slender
creeping offshoots, produced from large crowns of ordinary L. dilatata.
The most puzzling forms are specimens of var. alpina, which I collected
in 1875, in the parish of Orphir, Orkney, growing in Naversdale and
Ryssadale. These had small crowns and often decidedly creeping
branches, and in many instances the scales were broad and pale-
coloured and the lamina narrow and parallel-sided. At the time
I collected these, I supposed them to be referable to the glandular form
of L. spinulosa, but a root which I brought to Balmuto has produced
much divided triangular-deltoid fronds, which are clearly referable to
L. dilatata, although the scales are still broader than those of the
ordinary plant and concolorous. Usually the scales of L. dilatata are
broadly lanceolate and tapering, intermixed with smaller ones, they are
entire or slightly fimbriate, and have a brown or pitchy stripe down
the centre, but in the forms which Mr. Moore calls alpina (which is
probably a true variety) they are often broader and nearly concolorous.

The shape of the lamina varies greatly, but it is almost always
broader than in L. sjainulosa. I have fertile specimens from 5 inches
long by 1\ wide, to 3 feet long by 15 inches wide, while in a very
handsome form of alpina from Orkney the frond is 15 inches long
and 5 wide, with the fronds very delicate in texture and much
divided, and the scales broad, ferruginous, and nearly concolorous.

FILICES. 87

The texture of the lamina is also variable, it is generally firm,
more so indeed than that of L. spinulosa when growing in the same
localities, but in the form alpina, and to a less extent in the wood-
form tanacetifolia, it is thin, but is never at all translucent.

In most of the forms the pinnules are more or less convex, when
they are exposed to the direct rays of the sun. I have found that
a flat pinnuled plant brought into a sunny part of the garden,
produces fronds with convex pinna?. As a general rule, the more
luxuriant the plant the more divided is the frond.

The number of glands on the stipes, rachis, lamina and margin of
the indusium is also liable to great variation, though I have never
observed the indusium, at least in the young state, without some
stalked or clavate glands. The fronds remain green all winter in
sheltered stations, but the stipes breaks over near the base, and the
fronds are prostrate. In vernation the frond occasionally forms
loops, but more commonly it unfolds regularly as in other Ferns.

The marking of the spores seems very constant ; instead of a few
large rounded tubercles as in L. spinulosa, they are thickly covered
with small conical acute tubercles.

The variety lepidota is probably a distinct species, though its native
locality is doubtful ; it is much more divided than any of our British
forms, quite as much as or even more so than the North American
L. intermedia (which also occurs in Madeira), and it agrees with this
in the lamina having a triangular or deltoid-ovate outline (though
more ovate in lepidota than in L. intermedia), but it differs conspicu-
ously in the shorter broader blunter and paler scales, and in the first
pair of pinnules of the basal pinna? being longer than the second, as
in all the British forms of L. spinulosa, dilatata and a?mula, and also
in not having the pinna? spreading at right angles to the rachis, and
the pinnules at right angles to the secondary rachides. One of the most
striking peculiarities of lepidota is the number of broad cuspidate and
narrow piliferous scales which clothe the under surface and sides of the
primary, secondary, and tertiary rachides ; the teeth of the segments
are strongly incurved, and terminate in conspicuous mucros. Lamina
G inches to 1 foot long, by 4 to 8 inches broad. I obtained the plant
I have in cultivation from Messrs. Sang's nursery in Kirkcaldy,
and have no doubt it is the same as that described by Mr. Moore.

Broad Shield-fern.

SPECIES XI.-LASTREA iEMULA. Brackenridge.

Plate 1858.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 117.
L. Fcenisecii, Watson, Phyt. 1846, p. 568.

L. recurva, Neicman, Nat. Aim. 1844, p. 23 ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 226.
Nephrodium femulum, Baker. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 466. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil.
ed. ii. p. 279. '

88 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

N. Foenisecii, Loice, Cambr. Phil. Trans. Vol. IV. p. 7.

Aspidium femulum, Swartz (1800). Milcle, Fil. Europ. p. 140. Babenh. 1. c. No. 117.

A. recurvum, Bree, Phyt. 1843, p. 773.

A. dilatatum, var. recurvuni, Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. IV. p. 162. Hook. & Am. Brit.

Fl. ed. viii. p. 586.
A. spinulosum, var. y, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. vii. p. 586.
Polypodium femulum, Ait. Hort. Kew. Vol. III. p. 466.
Lophodium recurvum, Newm. Phyt. 1851, p. 371.
L. Foenisecii, Newm. Phyt. 1851, App. p. xvi. ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 136.

Caudex short, stout, separating into numerous small divisions, which
are moderately thick, very short, and closely packed together, closely
covered by the imbricated bases of former fronds, marked with dark
stripes in the interior when cut longitudinally. Fronds all similar,
several produced close together from the extremity of each crown,
ascending or slightly arching backward, evergreen. Stipes rather
long, from one-third as long to a little longer than the lamina,
rather stout, distinctly but not deeply channelled on the face, con-
taining 5 vascular bundles, thickly sprinkled with minute sessiie
glands, and sparingly clothed with a few lanceolate and strapshaped
acuminate denticulate and partially laciniate rather dark brown,
concolorous scales, which are partially deciduous. Lamina firm, but
not at all coriaceous, bright green, thickly sprinkled both above and
below with minute sessile subglobular glands, triangular or deltoid-
triangular, or more rarely triangular-lanceolate, tapering gradu-
ally towards the apex, truncate at the base, tripinnate or quadri-
pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae very unequally triangular, with several
of the basal pinnules on the lower side of the secondary rachis much
longer than those on the upper side, longer than the succeeding pair
(rarely a little shorter), the others becoming gradually shorter
towards the apex of the frond, shortly stalked, bipinnate ; pinnules
triangular-oblong or strapshaped-concave ; those towards the base of
the lamina stalked and pinnate, those towards the apex of the frond
separate from each other, and pinnatipartite or incised, and then
adnate by a narrow base and decurrent on the lower side. Ultimate
pinnules or lobes with the apices incurved, inciso-serrate, with the
teeth not incurved, more or less distinctly mucronate ; ultimate
veins not impressed on the upper surface, all running to the teeth
of the ultimate segments. Sori occupying the whole frond, attached
to the back of the first anterior branch of the ultimate mid-veins,
forming a line on each side of the ultimate pinnules or ultimate seg-
ments, about equidistant from the mid-vein and the margin of the

F1UCES. 89

pinnule or segment, and extending nearly to its apex. Indusium
rather firm, persistent, roundish-reniform, convex (often very much
so), denticulate, with a few sessile and globular glands round the
margin, and in some cases with very slender jointed filaments ter-
minated by minute glands. Spores bluntly tuberculate, with a few
sparse large rounded tubercles. No sterile fronds dissimilar to the
fertile ones.

On rocks and banks, and in woods. Local. Frequent in the
south-west of England, extending east to Sussex and to Kent,
near Tunbridge Wells ; north of this it occurs in Hereford, Salop,
Glamorgan, Pembroke, Merioneth, Carnarvon, Anglesea, North
Lancashire, West Yorkshire, Cumberland, and the Isle of Man,
with outlying stations in Forge Valley near Scarborough, Cheving-
ton Wood near Workworth, Eugely Wood near Alnwick, and
several stations near Embleton, Northumberland. Dumbarton, the
Clyde Isles, Mull and Skye, and the Hebrides; recorded from
Berwick, Roxburgh and Forfar. It is abundant in the Wauk Mill
Bay, Orphir, Orkney ; and the late Dr. T. Anderson found it rather
common in Hoy, but there I have only seen it on Hoy Hill, and in
Fara and Calf of Flotta ; Dr. H. Halcro Johnson informs me that it
is abundant on the Calf of Cava, in Scalpa Flow. In Ireland it is
distributed from north to south, but it is most plentiful in the west.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex producing a number of crowns, which are closely packed
together, in this respect resembling the caudex of L. rigida. Fronds
8 inches to 3 feet high, of which the stipes is usually about half ; it
is, for more or less of its length from the base upwards, tinged with
purplish-brown, and is not so deeply furrowed as in L. dilatata
and L. spinulosa. Lamina vivid green, crisped, from the tips of the
ultimate pinnules and segments being turned upwards, covered on
both sides with minute glands like those of L. rigida, which it also
resembles in the texture of its fronds, which are firm and almost rigid,
without being coriaceous. Veins clavate towards the apex, as in
the other species, and not extending quite to the teeth of the lobes.
Sori large, with the indusium much more convex than in the other
spinulose Lastrese, almost as much so as in L. rigida. In British
specimens the jointed filaments round the edge of the indusia can
seldom be found, though I have observed them in Plymouth speci-
mens ; but in those from the Azores they are much more frequently
met with. The spores resemble those of L. Filix-mas, L. rigida,
L. cristata, and L. spinulosa, in having a few large rounded tubercles
and no minute acute ones.

VOL. XII. >*

DO ENGLISH BOTAXY.

This Fern has been confounded with L. dilatata, but it is scarcely
possible to mistake them when the plants are alive. The bright
green colour of the frond, its crisp texture and concave pinnae, readily
distinguish it. It has also a peculiar sweet scent, which has been
compared to the odour of fresh hay, though I do not myself perceive
the resemblance. When protected from frost the fronds are truly
evergreen, the old ones remaining until the young ones appear in
May, and the fronds begin to decay at the extremity, and not near
the base of the rachis. The scales are fewer, narrower, and some of
them laciniate, with one or two large acute segments, and they are
destitute of the dark stripe which is so commonly found in those of
L. dilatata ; the lowest pair of pinnae are much larger, generally
longer than any of the succeeding pairs, and the frond is sprinkled
with round, sessile, not stalked or clavate glands ; the sori are
generally more abundant ; the indusia are much more convex, and
the spores are not muricated.

Hay-scented Fern.

GENUS /X-POLYSTICHUM. Roth.

Fronds produced from the extremity of the caudex, approximate
and tufted, or solitary, usually coriaceous, once or more times
pinnate. Stipes not articulated to the caudex. Veins all free. Sori
punctiform, round, at the extremity of the ultimate veins or attached
to some portion of their back. Indusium roundish, peltate, attached
by the centre : rarely the indusium is absent or fugacious.

Name from ttoXv (polu) much, and otiktos (stiktos) spotted or punctured, from the
numerous sori.

SPECIES L-POLYSTICHUM LONCHITIS. Both.

Plate 1859.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 43.

Aspidium Lonchitis, Swartz. Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 284. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 464.

Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 250. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 104. Koch, Syn.

Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 976. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Gren. & Godr.

Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630. Babenh. 1. c. No. 43.
Polypodium Lonchitis, Linn. Sp. PI. 1518. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 797.

Caudex rather short and thick, decumbent, not breaking into
separate crowns for many years. Fronds numerous, all similar,
arranged in shuttlecock fashion, spreading-ascending, evergreen.
Stipes very short, thickly clothed with large and small triangular-ovate

FILIUES. 91

or ovate-lanceolate erose-denticulate brown concolorous scales. Lamina
coriaceous, rigid, dark green, shining, much paler beneath, strapshaped,
tapering gradually at the base and apex, pinnate ; rachis thickly clothed
with lanceolate, and the under surface of the frond sparingly clothed
with linear scales, many of which are deciduous ; pinnae very shortly
stalked, oblong-triangular or strapshaped-triangular, the lower ones
deltoid, all more or less auriculate at the base on the anterior side,
and more or less evidently doubly serrate, with the middle tooth of
each serrature prolonged into a rigid spine. Ultimate veins not
impressed on the upper surface, but deeply so beneath, running from
the mid-vein of the pinna and auricle to the margin, and giving off
one or two branches, which run to the base of the teeth. Sori
commonly confined to the upper half or third of the frond, but
occasionally extending further down, round, attached to the first
anterior branch of each of the ultimate veins, and forming a line on
each side of the mid-vein of the pinna, about equidistant from the
mid-vein and the margin, with a loop at the base extending into
the auricle, and in luxuriant plants sometimes with a second short
line between the primary one and the margin on the base of the
upper side of the pinnae immediately above the auricle. Indusium
umbilicate, circular, dentate at the margin, soon shrivelling. Spores
tuberculate, with rather large very prominent obtuse tubercles, inter-
mingled with numerous smaller and more acute ones.

Among rocky de'bris on mountains. On Snowdon and the neigh-
bouring mountains ; the Yorkshire mountains ; Teesdale, Durham,
nearly, if not quite extinct ; Helvellyn, Cumberland ; Westmoreland ;
between Alnwick and Morpeth, Northumberland. Frequent in the
Scotch Highlands, extending to Sutherland ; Hoy Hill, Orkney
(Dr. J. Anderson), and in fissures of rocks, G-reenigoe, Hoy (Dr. A.
A. Duguid). Mangerton and Brandon mountain, county Kerry ; Ben
Bulbin and the neighbouring mountains, co. Sligo ; Glenade moun-
tain, Leitrim. " Near Lough Eske, Donegal, and also Rosses and
Fanet," are probably errors. (See 'Journal of Botany,' 1881, p. 240.)
The ' Cybele Hibernica,' in addition to these localities, mentions that
a single root was found near Edgworthstown, Longford, and a single
root on a hedgebank near Dungannon, Tyrone.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.

Caudex apparently of very slow growth, rarely above H inch in
diameter. Fronds 3 to 18 inches long, by 1 to 2£ broad, very rigid,

N 2

92 ENGLISH BOTANY.

appearing in June or July, and remaining after the fronds of the
succeeding year are developed. Stipes very short, sometimes
consisting only of the dilated base, which remains permanently
attached to the caudex, and is rarely above 1 or 2 inches long,
containing 5 vascular bundles, clothed with very large scales, inter-
mixed with much smaller ones. Pinna? twisted so as to make an
angle with the general plane of the frond, with the spines variable in
length, but usually about TL inch long. Sori rather large, and
ultimately confluent.

Alpine Holly-fern.

SPECIES II.-POLYSTICHUM LOBATUM. Presl

Plate 1860.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 22.

P. aculeatum, Both. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 449. Moore, Handbk. Brit. Ferns,

ed. iii. p. 81 ; and Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. I. p. 123. Newm. Hist.

Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 111.
Aspidiuin lobatum, Schkuhr. Eunze, Bot. Zeit. 1848, p. 356. Milcle, Fil. Europ. p. 105.
A. aculeatum, Willd. Sp. Plant. Vol. V. p. 258.
A. aculeatum, a. vulgare, Doll. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 976. Gren. &

Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630.
Polypodium lobatum, Huds. Fl. Ang. p. 459.

Caudex short, thick, decumbent or erect, not breaking into
separate crowns for several years. Fronds numerous, all similar,
arranged in shuttlecock fashion, ascending or slightly arching
backwards, evergreen. Stipes very short, thickly clothed with large
and small triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate erose-denticulate dusky
brown concolorous scales. Lamina coriaceous, rigid, dark green,
shining, much paler beneath, narrowly elliptical-oblong or oblong-
strapshaped, tapering gradually at the base and apex, bipinnate ;
rachis rather thickly clothed towards the base with lanceolate scales,
and throughout its whole length with numerous reddish-brown hair-
like scales, many of which are deciduous ; pinna? very shortly
stalked, strapshaped-acute, the lower ones deltoid triangular or
triangular, much shorter than the succeeding pair, pinnate ; pinnules
usually pointing towards the apex of the pinna, oblong or ovate,
falcate or rhomboidal, commonly more or less distinctly auricled at
the base on the anterior side, with the basal angle by which they are
attached usually less than a right angle ; those towards the base of
the pinnae more or less distinctly stalked, all coarsely spihous-serrate,
more rarely doubly serrate ; serratures prolonged into rigid spines.

FILICES. 93

Ultimate veins scarcely impressed on the upper surface, but deeply so
beneath, running from the mid-vein of the pinnule and auricle to the
margin, giving off 1 or 2 branches, which run to the base of the teeth.
Sori commonly confined to the upper half of the frond, round, attached
to the first anterior branch of each of the ultimate veins, and forming a
line on each side of the mid-vein of the pinnule about equidistant from
the mid-vein and the margin, with a loop at the base extending into
the auricle, and in luxuriant plants sometimes with a few sori between
the line and the margin on the anterior side of the pinnule, imme-
diately above the auricle. Indusium flattish, strongly umbilicate,
circular, denticulate at the margin, soon shrivelling. Spores
tuberculate, with rather large very prominent obtuse tubercles, inter-
mingled with numerous smaller and more acute ones.

Yar. a. genuinum.

Aspidium lobatum, Smith, Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1563; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 291.

Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 582. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465.
A. aculeatum, var. a. lobatum, Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 252.

Caudex attaining a considerable age before dividing ; the crowns
of very old plants caespitose. Fronds spreading-ascending, arching
backwards when large, rather rigid, tapering greatly towards the
base ; lowest pair of pinnae usually very short, and shorter than
the succeeding pair ; pinnules not distinctly stalked, but attached by
a narrow base, which is decurrent on the lower side, many of them
towards the apex of the pinnae, and the whole of them towards the
apex of the frond, not separated from each other ; so that these
pinna?, and parts of pinnae, are only pinnatipartite or pinnatifid — not
pinnate.

Yar. ft. aculeatum.

Aspidium aculeatum, Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1562 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p." 290.

Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 582. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465 (?).
A. aculeatum, /3. aculeatum, Hook. & Bak. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 252.

Caudex attaining a great age before dividing, and even in very
old plants sometimes undivided. Fronds spreading-ascending, not
arching backwards, very rigid, not tapering very much towards the
base, and sometimes almost abrupt; lowest pair of pinnae usually
scarcely shorter than the succeeding pair; many of the pinnules
distinctly stalked, set on more at right angles to the rachis of the
pinna than in var. lobatum, and fewer of them towards the apex of

94 ENGLISH BOTANY.

the pinnae, and frond confluent. Fronds of a darker green than in
var. a.

On rocks, hedgebanks, and woods ; rather sparingly but widely
distributed over England and Scotland, north to Skye, Eoss-shire ;
Hoy, Orkney (Dr. H. H. Johnston). Local, but widely distributed
iu Ireland.

Var. $ apparently much rarer, and probably not extending north
to Scotland : but the authors of the ' Cybele Hibernica ' speak of the
form A. lobatum, Sra., as being rare in Ireland, so that we may infer
that the var. /3 is the commoner in that island.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Caudex 1J inch or more in diameter, breaking into a few crowns
when old, which remain close together, so that the plant becomes
tufted. Stipes short and thick, from 2 to 5 inches, closely covered
with large scales, intermixed with minute ones. Fronds 1 to 2 feet
long, 3 to 7 inches broad, more parallel-sided when large than when
small, at first with scattered hair-like scales beneath ; appearing in
May, and not perishing until the young fronds of the succeeding
year.

Yar. /3 has larger more rigid and more divided fronds (2 to 3 feet
long) ; and, except in being more rigid than in var. a, it has the
frond more resembling that of P. anguJare ; its caudex takes a longer
time to form new crowns.

Young seedling plants of P. lobatum bear a very close resemblance
to P. Lonchitis, being simply pinnate ; they may always be dis-
tinguished, however, by their more parallel-sided fronds of much
thinner texture, and having no fructification upon them: by the
time they are sufficiently developed to have sori, the pinnae have
become at least deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite at the base ; this
form, which is sometimes called var. lonchitidoides, cannot be
considered a true variety, because, if cultivated, it always develops
into unmistakeable P. lobatum. On the other hand, when P.
lobatum is weakened or starved, it tends to revert to the form
lonchitidoides . On this account it is impossible to agree with Bernhardi
in uniting P. Lonchitis and P. aculeatum as forms of one species,
though they are certainly very closely allied. P. lobatum, var. a,
becomes more developed, stronger, and more- divided, but does not
change into /3. aculeatum, though it is often impossible to distinguish
dried specimens of vars. a and /3 from each other.

Hard Holly- fern.

FILICES. 9 5

SPECIES III.— POL YSTI CHUM ANGULARE. Presl.

Plate 1861.

Aspidium angulare, Willd. 8m. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 291. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed.

viii. p. 583. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. p. 465.
A. aculeatum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 106.
A. aculeatum, var. angulare, Gren. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 630. Hook & Buk.

Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 252.
Polypodium aculeatum, Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 459.
"P. setiferum, Forsk. Fl. iEgypt. Arab. p. 185" (teste Moore).

Caudex short or elongated, very thick, decumbent or erect,
breaking into several crowns after a few years. Fronds very
numerous, all similar, arranged in shuttlecock fashion, ascending,
sub-evergreen. Stipes short or rather short, very thickly clothed with
large triangular-ovate erose-denticulate ferruginous scales, inter-
mingled with numerous hair-like ones, and very numerous small
whitish scurf-like scales. Lamina firm, but not coriaceous, flaccid,
bright green, scarcely shining, much paler beneath, narrowly
elliptical-oblong or oblong-strapshaped, tapering at the apex, abrupt
at the base, bipinnate or tripinnate ; rachis thickly clothed towards
the base with lanceolate scales, and for about half-way up with
whitish fimbriated scurf-scales, and for its whole length with very
numerous reddish-brown hair-like scales, most of which are persistent ;
pinnae very shortly stalked, pinnate or bipinnate, strapshaped, acute,
the lower ones similar to the others, and not much shorter than the
succeeding pair ; pinnules ovate and falcate, rarely rhomboidal,
commonly auricled at the base on the anterior side, with the basal
angle by which they are attached commonly greater than a right
angle, most of them distinctly stalked, inciso-spinous-serrate or
doubly-serrate or pinnatifid or even pinnate ; serratures prolonged
into weak spines. Ultimate veins scarcely impressed on the upper
surface, but very deeply so beneath, running from the mid-vein of the
pinnae, auricles and larger lobes, giving off one or two branches
which run to the base of the teeth, the first anterior branch usually
to the notch between the teeth. Sori occupying the upper half or
two-thirds of the frond, attached to the first anterior branch of the
ultimate veins, and forming a line on each side of the mid-vein of the
pinnule, nearer the mid-vein and the margin, with a loop at the base
extending into the auricle, then (in luxurious plants) sometimes with
a few sori between the principal line and the margin on the anterior

96 ENGLISH BOTANY.

side of the pinnule immediately above the auricle. Indusium convex,

slightly umbilicate, circular, denticulate at the margin, and soon

shrivelling*. Spores tuberculate, with rather large very prominent

obtuse tubercles, intermingled with numerous smaller and more acute

ones.

Var. a. genuinum.

Pinnules broad, spinous-serrate or inciso-serrate, not decurrent,
with their basal angle a right angle or more than a right angle.

Var. ft. hastulatum. Kunze.

Pinnules broad, more or less deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite or
pinnate, not decurrent, with their basal angle a right angle or more
than a right angle.

Tar. (?) y. alatum. Moore.

Pinnules broad, faintly spinous-serrate, decurrent on the posterior
side, and united to the narrow wing along the rachis to the pinna,
with their basal angle a right angle or more than a right angle.

Tar. 8. gracile. AVollaston.

Pinnules narrow, inciso-serrate, not decurrent, with their basal
angle less than a right angle.

On hedgebanks and in woods. Frequent in England. Rare in
Scotland, extending north to the counties of Berwick, Roxburgh, and
Ayr, and the Clyde islands ; it is also reported from Loch Gilphead,
Argyleshire ; but the only Scotch specimen I have seen is from the
Cumbraes, kindly sent me by Mr. Gr. Horn. It occurs throughout
Ireland, and is abundant in many parts of the west and south of that
island. Tar. /3, in various forms, is not uncommon in damp shady
situations in the south of England and Ireland. Tar. y, Selworthy,
Somersetshire, and near Otterv St. Mary's, Devonshire (Mr. AYol-
laston). Tar. S, Devon, Somerset, and Ireland ; but it is rather a
monstrosity than a true variety.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Fronds 18 inches to 4 feet high or more, and 4 to 10 inches wide.
Stipes 2 to 6 inches long, containing 5 vascular bundles, as in
P. Lonchitis and P. lobatum ; but it is much more densely scaly, and
the scales are much brighter in colour, being reddish-brown instead
of dusky brown. The under side of the frond has more numerous
hair-like scales, and these are more persistent. The frond is much

FILICES. 97

softer in texture, of a brighter and yellower green, more abrupt at
the base, from even the lowest pinnae being elongated so that the
frond does not taper insensibly to the base ; the pinnules are smaller
in proportion, more distinctly stalked, and with a greater basal angle
than those of P. lobatum, and fewer of them towards the apex of the
pinna? and towards the apex of the frond are confluent. The indusia
are larger and more convex.

The seedling form of P. angulare apparently never has the close
resemblance to adult P. Lonchitis which that of P. lobatum has, for it
has an elongated stipes and an abrupt-based frond, with deeply
pinnatifid lower pinna?, even though it may be but a couple of inches
long.

P. angulare is much more sensitive to frost than P. lobatum. In
Balmuto Garden the former has its fronds always destroyed during
the winter ; while those of P. lobatum remain green until the new
fronds are developed in summer.

Yar. /3, which TTilde considers the Aspidium hastulatum of Ten ore,
bears much the same relation to the ordinary form of P. angulare
that the var. amnis of Lastrea Filix-mas bears to the var. <jenuina of
that species.

The var. alatum of Moore shows an approximation to P. lobatum,
var. aculeatum, in having the pinna? running into a narrow
herbaceous wing along the rachis ; but in texture, form of frond, and
pinna? it agrees wuth the type of P. angulare.

Tar. gracih', with other forms, called by fern-cultivators lineare,
cjrandidens, confluens and proliferum, are remarkable for their narrow
lanceolate incised pinna?, with wedge-shaped bases, not strongly
curved on the posterior side, so that in this they also show some
approach to P. lobatum, but the forms are usually malformed or
monstrous.

P. angulare is a special favourite with fern-growers, as it produces
a great number of curious and abuormal deviations, there being over
150 named forms in cultivation.

It is remarkable that P. Braunii (Aspidium Braunii, Milde, Fil.
Europ. p. 108) growing in continental Europe has not occurred in
Britain ; it appears to be the only one of the group of plants included
in the Polvpodium aculeatum of Linna?us which occurs in Xorway
and Sweden, and in North America. Mr. Moore considers it as
a variety of P. angulare ; but Milde regards it as a subspecies equal Iv
distinct from P. angulare (which he calls aculeatum) and from P.
lobatum, under which he includes the aculeatum of Smith. In texture
and habit it agrees with P. angulare, but the fronds taper insensiblv
to the base, and have a very short stipes, as in P. lobatum. The
pinna? are larger in proportion than P. angulare, and have numerous
hair-like scales when young, not only on the lower, but on the upper
surface, which is not the case in P. angulare or P. aculeatum ; and
the sori are larger than those of P. angulare, and much less numerous.
VOL. XII. o

98 ENGLISH BOTANY.

I have not seen the plant alive, but the large scales of the stipes
seem paler in colour than in P. angulare ; and, judging from dried
specimens, the seedling state is more similar to the adult.

Soft Holly fern.

GENUS X— W O O D S I A. i?. Brawn.

Fronds produced from the upper part of the caudex and its branches,
approximate or tufted, once pinnate, rarely bipinnate, often scaly
beneath. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, but with an articulation
at some distance above the base. Veins all free. Sori punctiform,
round, attached to the back of the ultimate veins below their apex.
Indusium calyciform, surrounding the sorus, cut into long segments
nearly to the base.

Name in honour of Joseph "Woods, a celebrated English botanist.

SPECIES I.-W OODSIA ILVENSIS. B. Brown.

Plate 1862.

Eabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 15.

W. rufidula, Beck. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 164.

W. Eaiana, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 140, and ed. iii. p. 73 (a suggested name only).

W. hyperborea, (3. rufidula, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 975.

Acrostichum Ilvense, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1528.

Polypodinm Ilvense, Sicartz, Syn. Fil. p. 39.

Aspidium rutidulum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 58.

Lastrea rufidula, Presl, Pter. p. 76.

Caudex short, dividing into a number of small crowns, which are
closely packed together. Stipes breaking off" by an articulation a
little below the middle, reddish, with broadly-lanceolate pale brown
scales at the base, and numerous narrow and hair-like mostly
deciduous scales in the upper part. Lamina oblong-strapshaped
or triangular-strapshaped, pinnate or bipinnate ; pinnae triangular-
oblong or triangular-strapshaped, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatipartite,
or even pinnate towards the base, usually thinly clothed above and
thickly clothed beneath with long hairs, which are at first whitish,
afterwards reddish-brown and partially deciduous ; lobes oblong or
ovate, obtuse or rounded, crenate or entire ; rachis and mid-veins of
the pinnae with numerous long linear acute scales. Indusium saucer-
shaped, divided into numerous filiform segments, which are much
longer than the undivided portion, and incurved over the sori.

FILICES. 99

On ledges of rock. Rare and very local. In Carnarvonshire Clog-
wyn-y-Garnedd, and Llwyn-y-Cwm on Glyder Yawr (Mr. W.Wilson) ;
Pass of Llanberis, left-hand side, looking towards Capel Curig (Mr.
L. Clark) ; on Falcon Clints, Teesdale, Durham, now nearly or quite
extinct (Mr. J. Gr. Baker) ; in Westmoreland, on three different
mountains; and Cumberland (Messrs. T. Huddart and F. Clowes).
Abundant on steep crumbling rocks, on the hills dividing Dumfries
from Peebles-shire ; Ben Chouzie, Perthshire (Prof. Balfour) ; Glen
Fiadh, Clova mountains, Forfar (Mr. H. C. Watson).

England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Fronds ascending, annual, perishing in autumn, usually not
more than 2 or 3 inches high in British specimens ; but I have
one 5 inches long, from the Rev. W. Little, from hills north of
Moffat, and Norwegian ones, 6 or 7 inches, of which the stipes is
about half in the larger specimens, but in some of the smaller only a
quarter ; the extreme breadth is } to i the length : the specimens
with the longest lamina are narrower in proportion than those with
the lamina shorter. The frond is of a dull green above, with a
somewhat velvety texture, and ultimately more or less reddish
beneath, from the abundant scales and hairs, and hair-like segments of
indusium. Pinnas varying considerably in the degree of separation
between the lobes, which are sometimes reduced to crenatures.
Ultimate veins free. Sori near the apex of the ultimate veins, at
length confluent. Spores with a few large blunt tubercles.

Oblong Woodsia.

SPECIES (?) II.— W OODSIA HYPERBOREA. R- Brown.

Plate 1863.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 82.

W. Arvonica, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 161.

W. alpina, Newm. Nat. Aim. 1844, p. 13 ; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 79. Moore,

Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo ed. p. 283 ; and Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 251.
Acrostichum hyperboreum, Liljeblad, Stock. Trans. 1793, p. 201.
A. alpinnm, Bolton, Fil. Brit. p. 76 (1790).
Polypodium byperboreum, Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot, No. 2023.
P. Arvonicum, Sm. Fl. Brit. Vol. III. p. 1115.

Caudex dividing into a few small crowns, which are closely packed
together. Stipes breaking off by an articulation a little below the
middle, reddish, with broadly lanceolate pale brown scales at the base,
and a few narrow and hair-like deciduous scales. Lamina linear-strap-
shaped or oblong-strapshaped, pinnate ; pinna? deltoid or deltoid-

o 2

100 ENGLISH BOTANY.

triangular, rarely oblong-triangular, pinnatifid, very thinly clothed
with long hairs above and beneath ; lobes roundish or oval-obovate,
entire ; rachis with very few scales, and mid-veins of the pinna3 with
none. Indusium saucer-shaped, divided into numerous filiform
segments, which are much longer than the undivided portion and
incurved over the sori.

On ledges of rock, very rare and local. In Carnarvonshire, on
Clogwyn-y-Garnedd, Snowdon, on precipices facing east and north-
west ; rocks facing the east above Glas-Lwyn (L. Clark) ; Moel
Lachog, Pass of Llanberis (Mr. L. Clark and Mr. T. Moore). Perth-
shire, Ben Chouzie, near Crieff (Dr. Balfour) ; Ben Lawers (Mr.
Dickson and Mr. W. Wilson) ; and in addition to these stations, Dr.
Buchanan White has seen it on Larig-au-Lochan, Cam Creag, and
Ben Laoigh ; it is reported from Craig Challiach and Mael-dun-Crosk ;
I have gathered it on Catjaghiamman and on the mountains which
separate Glen Lochy from Glen Dochart. Glen Isla, Clova, Forfar
(Mr. J. Roy).

England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant growing in tufts of smaller size than in TV. Ilvensis, and
with the fronds more persistent and usually smaller, 1 to 2 inches
being the average length, and 6 inches the largest I have seen, of
which the petiole is generally less than one-half. Breadth of lamina
I to ! inch. Pinna? shorter and broader at the base than in
W. Ilvensis, with fewer and shallower lobes ; and above all, without
the thick covering of reddish hairs and scales which are on the under
side of the fronds of W. Ilvensis.

Mr. Roy's specimens from Glen Isla have broader fronds, with
longer, narrower, and more deeply divided pinna?, more like those of
W. Ilvensis than of W. hyperborea, but they are destitute of scales on
the mid-veins of the pinna? ; but some of the Moffat specimens of
W. Ilvensis are almost destitute of these scales, while in others they
are abundant, so that I think it very probable those authors are right
who treat them as merely subspecies. Mr. Wollaston informed the
late Mr. Xewman that in W. hyperborea the frond has its clusters of
capsules very conspicuous, even in its youngest state and imme-
diately it begins to unfold, and that its fronds are nearly persistent.
In W. Ilvensis the sori are not apparent until the frond has attained
its full size, and the fronds wither in autumn.

Alpine Woodsia.

FILTCES. 101

GENUS XI.— 0 YSTOPTERI S, Bernh.

Fronds produced from the upper part of the caudex and its
branches, approximate or solitary, once or more times pinnate, not
scaly beneath. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, nor in any
portion of its length. Veins all free. Sori punctiform, round, attached
to the back of the ultimate veins. Indusium hooded, attached' 'below
the sorus, entire.

Name from ki'otis (kustis) a bladder, and 7rrepts (jpteris) a fern, on account of the.
hooded indusium.

SPECIES I.-CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. Bernh.

Plates 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867.
Polypodium fragile and P. regium, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1553.

Caudex short, rather stout, dividing into numerous short branches
or crowns, clothed with the more or less approximate bases of former
fronds. Fronds several, close together at the apex of each branch
or crown of the caudex. Stipes from one-third as long as to as long as
the lamina, slender, very brittle, rarely stouter and tough, with sparse
pale linear-lanceolate scales at the base, and a few hair-like deciduous
ones in the upper part, but no glands. Lamina perishing in autumn,
or sub-evergreen, oblong-lanceolate or strapshaped-lanceolate, sub-
tripinnate or bipinnate, lowest pair of pinnse almost always smaller
than the succeeding pair, and never conspicuously larger ; pinnules
serrate or crenate or pinnatifid or pinnatipartite ; teeth of ultimate
segments usually entire, with the ultimate veins running in their
apices, or notched with the veins running into the notches ,• rachis
and lamina usually without glands. Indusium generally without
glands, rarely glandular. Spores muricated with numerous long
slender acute spine-like tubercles, or tuberculated with sparse large
blunt tubercles.

Subspecies I.— Cystopteris eu-fragilis.

Plates 1864, 1865.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 14.
C. fragilis, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 147.

Caudex short, rather stout, not creeping, dividing into several short
branches or crowns, clothed with the more or less approximate bases
of former fronds. Fronds several, close together at the apex of each

102 ENGLISH BOTANY.

branch or crown of the caudex. Stipes from one-third as long as to
as long as the lamina, slender and very brittle, with sparse pale linear-
lanceolate scales at the base, and a few hair-like deciduous ones in the
upper part, but no glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, oblong-lan-
ceolate or sirapshaped-lanceolate, subtripinnate or bipinnate ; lowest
pair of pinnte almost always smaller than the succeeding pair, and
never, conspicuously larger ; pinnules serrate or crenate or pinnatifid,
or. more rarely pinnatipartite ; teeth of ultimate segments usually
entire, with the ultimate veins running into their apices ; rachis
and lamina almost always without glands. Indusium without glands,
usually denticulate. Spores muricated with numerous long slender
acute spine-like tubercles.

Var. a.genuina.
Plate 1864.
Cyathea fragilis, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 1587; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 298.
Lamina oblong-lanceolate, subtripinnate.

Yar. /3. dentata. Hook. ?

Plate 1865.

Cyathea dentata, Smith, Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 300 ; and Cyathea angustata, Sm. Eng.
Fl. Vol. IV. p. 301 ; and Soicerby, E. B. S. No. 2790.

Lamina strapshaped-lanceolate, more parallel-sided and narrower
than that of var. a, bipinnate or subpinnate.

On ledges of rock, and on walls, and among loose stones. Sparingly
distributed throughout England and Scotland, except in mountainous
districts where it is common ; from Cornwall, Devon and Dorset,
extending north to Hoy Hill and Ronsay in Orkney. Local, but
widely distributed throughout Ireland.

Yar. fS appears to be confined to mountainous districts ; at least
I have not seen it except from such.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant growing in small tufts. Branches of the root-stalk
elongating but little, the crown covered with ovate-lanceolate pale
brown glabrous scales. Fronds 3 inches to 1 foot high (rarely more),
of which the stipes is usually about one-third and rarely one-half,
brown at the base, green and widely channelled above the middle, and
containing 2 vascular bundles with oval sections. Lamina thin and
flaccid, deep green when growing in shade, and yellowish-green

FTLTCES. 103

when exposed to the sun, not shining-, very variable in its degree of
division and in the shape of its ultimate segments, which are some-
times acute, sometimes obtuse, and vary from pinnatipartite to serrate
or crenate, with the bases sometimes greater than a right angle,
at other times wedge-shaped, often more or less decurrent on the lower
side. From this extreme variability of shape and cutting of the
pinnules or segments, I have been compelled to adopt the general
outline of the frond as the mode of separating C. eu-fragilis into two
varieties,

Var. dentata when typical has the frond not more than bipinnate,
sometimes scarcely even bipinnate, and both the pinnae and the
pinnules are blunter at the apex than in the common form. Professor
Babington states that the spores of var. dentata are " warted," but in
all the specimens named ' dentata ' I have examined they have the long
sharp spur-like tubercles characteristic of 0. eu-fragilis.

Milde, under var. dentata, gives an Algerian form from Blidah,
collected by Gr. Munby, which has verrucose spores. This I have not
seen, but certainly should not refer it to eu-fragilis at all, as the
striking difference between the spores seems to me the only tangible
difference between C. eu-fragilis and C. alpina.

C. angustata, Sm., appears rather a finely cut form of var. dentata
than a narrow form of var. genuina.

Brittle Bladder-fern.

Subspecies (?) II.— Cystopteris alpina. D^v.

Plates I860, 1867.

Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 150.

Caudex short, rather stout, dividing into several short branches or
crowns, clothed with the more or less approximate bases of former
fronds. Fronds several, close together at the apex of each branch or
crown of the caudex. Stipes from one- third as long as to as long as the
lamina, slender and very brittle, with pale linear-lanceolate scales at
the base, and a few hair-like deciduous ones in the upper part, but no
glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, oblong-lanceolate or strap-
shaped-lanceolate, subquadripinnate or subtripinnate or rarely bi-
pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae always smaller than the succeeding
pair, and generally conspicuously smaller ; pinnules bipinnatifid or
bipinnatipartite, rarely only pinnate ; teeth of ultimate segments
mostly notched, with the ultimate veins running into the notches ;
rachis and lamina without glands. Indusium without glands, denti-
culate. Spores tuberculate, with sparse large blunt tubercles.

iU-t ENGLISH BOTANY.

Var. a. genuina.

Plate 1866.

Iiabpnlt. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 32.

C. alpina, Link ; Hook, fil. Stud. Fl. erl. ii. p. 495. IIool:. & BaJcer, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p.

103. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 588. Gren. & Oodr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. II.

p. 634.
C. regia, Presl ; Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 269. Koch,

Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 980.
Cyathea regia, Forst. Sm. Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 302, in part.
C. incisa. Sm. Engl. Bot. ed. i. No. 163.
C. fragilis, var. alpina, Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 450.
Aspidium alpinum, Sicartz, Syn. Fil. p. 60.
Polypodium alpinum, Wulfen. Jacq. Collect. Vol. II. p. 171.
Polypodium regium, Linn, f Sp. Plant. No. 1553.

Frond subquadripirmate or tripinnate; pinnules attached by a
slender base, pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite ; ultimate segments
oblong and merely deeply notched, or oblanceolate and cut into oblong
deeply-notched smaller segments. Ultimate veins almost all running
into the notches of the segments.

Var. /3. Dickieana. Milde.

Plate 1867.
MiJde, Fil. Europ. p. 151.
C. Dickieana, B. Sim, Gard. Journ. 1848, p. 308. Neicm. Phyt. 1851, App. XXVI. ; and

Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 94.
C. dentata (part), Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. iii. p. 412 ; and ed. vi. p. 438.
C. fragilis, var. Dickieana, Moore, Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. i. p. 81 ; ed. iii. p. 234 ; and

Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 256. Bub. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p.

450. Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 494.

Frond subbipinnate ; pinnules mostly attached by a broad base
(except those next the rachis), inciso-crenate or pinnatifid ; ultimate
segments roundish, indistinctly notched or subentire. Ultimate veins
running into the notches when these are present, or into the middle
of the crenatures when these are not notched.

On rocks and walls, very rare. Yar. a. Teesdale, Durham. Mr.
Backhouse, 1872. Mr. Moore has received authentic specimens "said
to have been gathered in Derbyshire and in Yorkshire, but without
more particular habitats assigned," from Mr. H. Shepherd ; but he " has
not seen a native mountain specimen of C. regia, unless it be one from
Saddleback in Cumberland, gathered many years since by Mr. S. O.
Grey." (' Nat, Print. Brit. Ferns,' 8vo ed. Yol. II. p. 271.) It used
to grow on a garden wall at Low Leyton in Essex, and I believe it

FILICES. 105

is still to be seen on some walls in that village ; but doubtless it has
originally been an escape from cultivation.

Yar. fi. In a cavern south from the harbour of Cove, Kincardine-
shire, but now almost or quite extinct ; originally found there by the
late Professor Knight of Aberdeen, and distributed in a living state by
Dr. Dickie. The late Mr. C. Barter states he found it on rocks about
two miles beyond the Cove towards Lighthouse Point, where a small
rill falls over the rocks (Phyt. series ii. 1855-56, p. 509): I do not
know if this statement has been authenticated by competent authority.
Dr. Dickie writes that he " saw it on dripping walls and rocks near
the road about 3 or 4 miles north from Dunkeld, Perthshire." Very
probably some of the stations given for C. eu-fragilis, var. dentata,
belong to C. alpina, var. Dickieana.

England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant very similar to C. eu-fragilis, and about the same size.
Fronds 3 inches to 1 foot long, or a little more. Yar. a has the lamina
commonly much more divided, and the primary pinna? commonly
shorter and more ovate in outline, and usually more abruptly
pointed than in C. eu-fragilis : the narrow ultimate segments give the
pinnae some resemblance to those of Chcerophyllum Anthiscus.

Yar. j3 bears a very close resemblance to C. eu-fragilis, var. dentata. In

the wild plant of which I have seen but a single frond, both the pinna?

and the pinnules are crowded; the pinna? slightly twisted and. the

basal pinnules decurrent, and those towards the extremity of the pinna?

confluent, so that the pinna? are pinnatipartite at the base and simply

pinnatifid towards the apex. When cultivated, however, seedlings

present not only this form of frond, but others which are much more

deeply divided, so that the pinnae become bipinnate at the base and

pinnatipartite towards the apex, and cease to be contiguous. The spores

are precisely similar to those of C. alpina, having blunt rounded slightly

elevated tubercles, and not long spine-like ones such as we find on the

spores of C. eu-fragilis. This peculiarity of the spores Mr. Moore

believes to have been first pointed out by Mr. Wollaston, and it is I

think conclusive that Dr. Milde is right in referring the form

Dickieana to C. alpina and not to C. eu-fragilis. As far as my

experience goes, the sculpture of the spores is one of the most constant

characters to be found among ferns ; and after cultivating C. Dickieana

for many years, I have come to the conclusion that the tuberculatum

of the spores remains constantly identical with that of C. alpina, and

distinct from all the forms of C. eu-fragilis. In the more finely

divided seedling plants there is a decided approach to the less divided

forms of C. alpina, var. a, and the general outline of the frond is more

like that of alpina than of C. eu-fragilis var. dentata, which resembles

VOL. XII. P

106 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Dickieana in the degree of division of the pinnse and the rounded
pinnules or segments. Besides the similarity of the spores Dickieana
agrees with alpina in many of the ultimate veins running into the
notches at the margin of the frond, and not into the teeth which border
the notches. The notches, however, are much deeper in C. alpina,
var. a, than in var. Dickieana, and in the latter the veins frequently
run to the margin of the segment, where there is neither tooth nor
notch. In C. eu-fragilis the veins, with scarcely any exception, run
into projecting teeth. When first I read that Milde put Dickieana
under alpina, I doubted, now I am quite convinced he was right.

Under C. alpina Milde includes Cystopteris Canariensis of Presl,
which has the indusium studded with cylindrical hair-like glands ;
to this Midle refers the C. sempervirens of Moore, ' Nat. Print. Brit.
Ferns,' 8vo ed. p. 268, which has been reported from Tunbridge Wells,
Kent and Devon ; but it seems probable it has either been planted or
has escaped from cultivation in both places ; it may be a distinct
subspecies, as it has a tough (not fragile) stipes, and a frond which is
evergreen if protected from frost, which is not the case with the fronds
of either eu-fragilis, alpina, or Dickieana. I have specimens from the
Canaries, from the late Mr. P. B. Webb, name Cyathea gracilis, Sm.
These have the spores quite similar to those of 0. alpina ; but Moore
says the spores of his C. sempervirens are muricate, so probably
Canariensis and sempervirens are not identical.

Alpine Bladder-fern.

SPECIES II.-CYST OPT ERIS MONTANA. Bemh.

Plate 1868.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 62.

C. myrrhidifolia, Ncivm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 97.

C. Allioni, Newm. Pliyt. 1851, App. xsv.

Cyathea montana, Sm. Mem. Acad. Koy. Sc. Journ. Vol. V. p. 417.

Aspidium montanum, Swartz in Schrad. Journ. Bot. Vol. II. p. 42 (1800).

Polypodium montanum, Lam. Fl. Fr. Vol. I. p. 23 (1778).

P. myrrhidifolium, Villars, Fl. Delph. p. 114 (1785).

Caudex elongated, slender, creeping, dividing into elongate slender
branches, not covered by the approximate bases of former fronds.
Fronds solitary, distant, produced from the sides of the branches of
the caudex. Stipes from as long as to three or four times as long as
the lamina, slender, not very brittle, with a few ovate-lanceolate
acuminate entire very pale brown or white and hyaline gland-fringed
and gland-tipped scales towards the base, and a few scattered nar-
rowly lanceolate deciduous ones in the upper part, and also numerous
minute cylindrical glands. Lamina perishing in autumn, deltoid,

FILICEB.

107

subternately tripinnate or subquadripinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae
very much larger and more compound than the rest ; pinnules incised,
bipinnatifid or bipinnatipartite ; teeth of the ultimate segments
commonly notched, with the ultimate veins running into the notches ;
rachis and lamina more or less thickly sprinkled with minute cylindrical
glands. Indusium thinly sprinkled with glands, or almost glabrous.
Spores muricated, with numerous short rather thick blunt spine-like
tubercles.

On wet mossy shady rocks. Rare and very local. It was first
found in Britain by the late Mr. W. Wilton, on Ben Lawers, Perth-
shire, in 1836 ; Messrs. W. Gourlay and W. Adamson found it in
1841 on the Glenlochy Mountains, at a place called Corrach Uachdar,
on Maol Oufillach, opposite Maol Ghaordie, where several other
botanists have gathered it; Mr. Westcomb found it in the same
district 6 or 8 miles from this last station ; I have specimens from
the late Rev. W. Little and Mr. G. Maw from Glenlochy ; from
Maol Ghaordie, Glenlyon, collected by Dr. Buchanan White, and
Mr. J. Sadler, and from Ben Laoich, gathered by Dr. Buchanan
White and Dr. H. H. Johnson. All these stations are in Perthshire.
Mr. J. Backhouse has found it at the head of Canlochan Glen,
Forfarshire ; and it was found by Mr. A. Croall on the north side of
shady rocks on the south side of Glen Callater, near its head, Aber-
deenshire. I believe all the Scotch stations for this plant are on rocks
of mica-slate facing the north, but the Aberdeenshire station may be
an exception.

Scotland, Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex resembling that of Phegopteris Dryopteris, about the
thickness of a stocking-wire, nearly black, the younger portion
green clothed with large ovate hyaline scales. Fronds generally
about | inch apart, but often more. Stipes from 1 j inch to 1 foot
long, with a shallow furrow on the anterior side, nearly as thick
as the rootstock at the base where it is dark-coloured, tapering
upwards, where it becomes green ; the upper part is remarkable for
the gland-fringed and gland-tipped scattered deciduous scales. Lamina
li to 5 inches long, and nearly the same in width, resembling that of
Phegopteris Dryopteris, but much more finely cut, and less evidently

ternate.

Mountain Bladder-fern.

p 2

108 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

Tribe IV.— ASPLENIE^.

Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds. Stipes not arti-
culated to the caudex, and not separating from it. Sori oblong or
linear, straight or curved, attached to the side of the veins, which are
oblique to the midrib and margin of the frond or segment, generally
furnished with an indusium attached longitudinally to the veins:
rarely the indusium is absent.

GENUS XIL—A THYRIUM. Both.

Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, usually approxi-
mated or tufted, rarely solitary, membranous, decompound. Stipes
not articulated to the caudex, containing 2 vascular bundles which
unite upwards, giving a horseshoe-shaped section towards the back
of the stipes. Veins simple or forked, free. Scales composed of
elongate cells, with their boundaries not thickened and uniform in
colour with the rest of the cell. Sori oblong, rarely round, often
curved or even horseshoe-shaped, attached along the side of the
veins. Indusium attached to the vein of and the same shape as the
sorus, sometimes crossing the vein and part of it attached to each side,
sometimes rudimentary and fugacious or even absent.

Name from a without, and dvpeos (thureos), a shield, from not
having a shield-shaped indusium.

In a natural arrangement of Ferns, Athyrium would occupy a place
between Phegopteris and Lastrea ; it has no affinity with Asplenium
or any of the allied genera.

SPECIES I.— ATHYRIUM FILIX-FCEMINA. Both.

No. 1869.

Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 24.

Asplenium Filix-fcemina, Bernh. Book. fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 493. Hook. & Baker,

Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 227. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 9S1. Fries, Summ.

Veg. Scand. p. 82. Gren. & Godr. FL de Fr. Yol. III. p. 635.
Aspidium Filix-fcemina, Sicartz. Sm. Engl. Bot. ed. i. No. 1459; and Engl. Fl.

Vol. IV. p. 295.
Polypodium Filix-foemina, Linn. Sp. PI. 1551.

Caudex stout, erect or oblique, closely covered with the bases of
former fronds, dividing early into numerous divisions or crowns,
which remain closely packed together. Fronds several from each

FILICES. 109

crown, arranged shuttlecock -fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes
stout or rather stout, thickened immediately above the base, chan-
nelled on the anterior face, variable in length, thickly clothed at the
base with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate persistent brown scales, and
rather sparingly above with lanceolate or strapshaped mostly deciduous
brown scales. Lamina erect or spreading, elliptical-oblanceolate or
narrowly elliptical-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, more or less attenuated
towards or abrupt at the base, subbipinnate or subtripinnate or tri-
pinnate ; ultimate segments crenate or serrate or inciso-serrate ; ultimate
veins running into the teeth. Sori distributed over the whole of the
frond, placed mostly on the anterior side of the first anterior branch of
the veins running into the ultimate segments, oblong and more or less
crescent-shaped or recurved at the apex, so as to be hooked or even
horseshoe-shaped, rarely round. Indusium subpersistent, strongly
fimbriate on the free margin, of the same form as the sori, the shape
of which indeed is determined by that of the indusium ; rarely it is
fugacious or apparently wanting, in which case the sori are round
and naked. Spores yellowish or yellowish-brown, nearly smooth,
with a few small remote bluntish tubercles, rarely with numerous
tubercles.

Tar. a. genuinum.

Fronds spreading or arching backwards. Stipes short, one-sixth to
one-third the length of the lamina. Lamina flaccid, elliptical oblanceo-
late or broadly elliptical, conspicuously convex-sided, tapering from
above the middle to the apex, and longly attenuated towards the
base ; pinnse decreasing in size downwards until the lowest pair is
often not more than twice as long as broad ; ultimate pinnules or
segments oblong or oval-oblong or lanceolate, flat. Spore yellowish,
nearly smooth.

Tar. /3. erectum.

A. Pihagticuni, ' BotTi' Moore, Handbk. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 136.

A. convexum, Nevcm. (part) Pliyt. 1851, App. xiii., and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 212.

Fronds suberect. Stipes often rather long, from one-sixth to one-
half the length of the lamina. Lamina rather firmer than in
var. a. oblong elliptical or oblong, subparallel-sided, tapering more
towards the apex than towards the base, which is rather abrupt ;
pinnae not decreasing so much in length downwards as in var. a,
and the lowest pair being many times longer than broad ; ultimate

HO ENGLISH BCTANY.

pinnules or segments strapshaped or linear-triangular, often convex,
with the edges recurved, at least when grown in exposed places.
Spores yellowish, nearly smooth.

Yar. y. Watsoni.

A. incisum, ' Roth' Newm. (?) Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 215. Watson in Lond. Cat.
Brit. PI. ed. vii. p. 27. See H. C. W. in Comp. Cyb. Brit. p. 622 ; and Top. Bot.
p. 496.

Fronds suberect. Stipes long, about half the length of the lamina
in the specimens I have seen. Lamina very firm, lanceolate-oblong
or subtriangular-oblong, tapering towards the apex, but very little
towards the base, which is very abrupt ; pinnae scarcely decreasing in
length downwards, the lowest pair often as long as the succeeding
pair ; ultimate pinnules strapshaped-triangular, flat. Spores yellowish-
brown, with numerous small blunt tubercles.

In woods, banks of streams, and on hillsides, moors, and ledges of
rock, a and ft common, and generally distributed.

Yar. y very scarce, and known only from roots in Mr. H. C.
Watsons garden, which he supposes to have been brought from
South Wales.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex dividing soon into a number of crowns, so that a patch
of the plant increases rapidly, and assumes a tufted appearance from
the numerous small crowns remaining together. Stipes commonly
rather stout, containing two vascular bundles, which are very con-
spicuous in section, looking like two letters c turned back to back.
Scales more or less numerous, brown, sometimes with a dark central
stripe, the upper ones narrower than the lower, which are always
most abundant on the thickened portion at the base of the stipes.
Fronds very variable in the degree of approximation of pinnas and
pinnules, in the degree to which the latter are divided, and in the size
to which they attain ; fronds sufficiently developed to bear fructifica-
tion, being found as small as 9 inches long, while in rich woods they
attain 3 or 4 feet in height.

The different forms, however, vary so much when cultivated, not
merely in size but in the approximation of the pinnas and pin-
nules, as well as in the general shape and division of the latter, that
it seems best to distribute the ordinary forms under two varieties only,
and very often even these are distinguished with difficulty.

Yar. a has the fronds ascending, and, when large, recurved at the
apex, so as to be drooping. The stipes and rachis seem to be always
green, the frond thin in texture, and the ultimate pinnae flat. Athy-

FILICES. Ill

rium molle, Roth, Newman, appears to me merely a young or weak
form of var. a: it has the pinnules approximate, only serrate or
crenate, and often connected by a wing on each side of the partial
rachis, so that the frond is scarcely so much as bipinnate ; but
wild specimens having these characters, although large enough to
bear sori, on being transplanted into rich soil and cultivated, have
developed into the larger and more compound forms of var. a, which
we find growing naturally in woods. If these small forms be culti-
vated in pots or on dry rock-work, the dwarf and little-divided state
of the fronds remains constant, and it is perhaps from treating them
in this manner that the idea has originated that molle is a permanent
variety. Var. marinum, Moore, var. confluens, Moore, var. allatum,
Moore, and var. latifolium, Bab., seem to me all small forms of var. a,
while the beautiful form "plumosum" (Phegopteris plumosa, J. Smith,
'Ferns British and Foreign,' p. 28), which has tripinnate fronds and
strapshaped serrate or inciso-serrate, longly-acuminate ultimate pin-
nules, can only be considered as a monstrosity, as it either does not
fruit at all, or produces round sori without an indusium or with a
very rudimentary one. The original plant of plumosum was found
near Skipworth in Yorkshire, by Mr. J. Horsefall, and from the
spores of these, plants similar to the parents have been raised. This
propagation of abnormal forms by spores may perhaps, as previously
stated, be owing to asexual production of plants from the prothallia
similar to that observed in Pteris serrulata ; these plants would then
be merely produced by budding, and therefore retain all the pecu-
liarities of the individual from which they were derived. Forms
more or less approximating to plumosum have been found in various
localities. I am favoured with a specimen cultivated from Mr. G. B.
Wollaston, labelled from Dorsetshire, J. S. Wells. This, however, is
not so completely tripinnate as the Yorkshire plant, though very
nearly so, and the ultimate segments are shorter and broader. I
possess one received from Messrs. Sang of Kirkcaldy, in which some
of the fronds are like the ordinary fronds of the less divided forms
of var. a ; while in others the pinnae are deeply pinnatifid, and again
cut into oblong lobes. This is named " plumosum Axminster fertile ;"
but it is much less finely divided than the Todmorton form, and that
called var. dissectum Wollaston.

In Orkney I found a small form, which I suppose would be called
molle by those who retain this as a variety, in which a large portion
of the sori were round and without indusium ; but as these fronds
were gathered in the end of July, the sori may have had an
indusium when younger. A plant of this form which I brought home
died, so I was unable to make further observations.

Yar. /3, when growing in exposed situations, is remarkable for its
pinnaa being convex, the margins being reflexed, so that the pinnae
appear very narrow and disconnected ; but a plant of this form under
a foot high has developed in cultivation into a plant 3 feet high, with

112 ENGLISH BOTANY.

flat or nearly flat pinnules, and from having a pale green colour
tinged with reddish-brown, it has become deep green. It has, how-
ever, retained the erect habit and narrower parallel-sided form of
frond much more abrupt at the base than in var. a. Specimens similar
to this garden form abound in woods. They have usually a long
stout stipes, which is sometimes green, but perhaps more often dull
vinous-red, which colour is continued through the rachis.

Var. y should perhaps be regarded as a subspecies. I know it only
from specimens and a living root sent me by Mr. H. C. Watson. It
has more the aspect of var. (3 than of var. a, but has a still stouter
and longer green stipes, with the scales more numerous, more per-
sistent, and of a darker maroon colour than is usual in vars. a and /3,
and has a more rigid lamina, broader in proportion to its length, and
tripinnate, with the ultimate segments linear-oblong, with two or three
narrowly triangular teeth towards the apex. The dimensions of a
well-developed specimen are stipes 2 feet, lamina 2 feet 6 inches by
1 foot ; lowest pinnee 5 to 5 J inches in length ; the lamina broadest,
about ^ of its length above the base, not beyond the middle, as in
var. a. The spores have the yellow colour more tinged with
brown, and a surface with more conspicuous and more numerous
blunt tubercles than in vars. a and /3. Mr. Watson considers this
the Athyrium incisum of Newman, and it is very probable that
Mr. Newman's description was taken from var. Watsoni ; but he says
the " geographical range " of his incisum is " general, it requires only
damp vegetable soil, shade, and absence from molestation." I have
therefore little doubt that under his incisum he included the large
and more divided forms of vars. a and ft. Mr. T. Moore's var. incisum,
which he describes with " fronds drooping," must be a divided form
of our var. a. Aspidium irriguum, Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 2199, and
Engl. Fl. vol. iv. p. 296, found at Tunbridge Wells, is a young state
of var. (3.

Lady-fern.

SPECIES II.— A THYRIUM ALPESTRE. Milde.

Plates 1871, 1872.
Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 53.

Aspleniuin alpestre, Mettenius in Abh. Seukenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. 1850, p. 242.
Phegopteris alpestris, Mettenius, Fil. Hort. Soc. Lips. p. 83.
Polypodium alpestre, Hoppe. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, Vol. I. p. 76. Hook. fil.

Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 498. Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. cd. ii. p. 311. Koch, Syn. Fl.

Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 974.
P. Khteticuni ' Pallas,' Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 82. Grcn. & Godr. Fl. de Fr.

Vol. III. p. 628. (Non Linn, teste Moore.)
Aspidium alpestre, ScMuhr, Krypt. GeD. p. 58.
Aspidium Rhreticuni, Swartz, Syn. Fil. p. 59.

Caudex rather stout, erect or oblique, closely covered by the bases

FILICES.

113

of former fronds, dividing into several divisions or crowns, which
remain closely packed together. Fronds several from each crown,
arranged shuttlecock-fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes rather stout,
thickened immediately above the base, nearly flat on the anterior
face, variable in length, but usually short, rather thickly clothed at
the base, and sparingly above, with broadly-ovate and triangular
lanceolate, acuminate hyaline or very pale brown scales, intermingled
with numerous minute hair-like ones, most of which are deciduous.
Lamina suberect or ascending or spreading, narrowly elliptical-oblong
or oblong, or strapshaped-lanceolate, more or less attenuated towards
the base, bipinnate or subtripinnate ; ultimate segments crenate or
serrate or inciso-serrate. Ultimate veins running into the teeth. Son
distributed over the whole of the frond, except the base or the apex,
placed on the first anterior branch of the vein running into the ulti-
mate segments, or on several of the branches, circular. Indnsium very
minute, very finely lacerate, fugacious, often absent. Spores brown,
tuberculate, with numerous small blunt unequal tubercles.

Subspecies I.— Athyrium eu-alpestre.

Plate 1870.

Rabenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 84.

Pseudathyriuni alpestre, Neicm. Pliyt. 1851, p. 370; and App. xix. and 1853, p. 974;

and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 200.
Asplenium alpestre, Rabenh. 1. c. No. 84.
Phegopteris alpestris, J. Smith, Hist. Fil. p. 33.
Polypudiuni alpestre, Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 445.

Caudex stout, erect or oblique, closely covered by the bases of
former fronds, dividing into several divisions or crowns, which remain
closely packed together. Fronds several from each crown, arranged
shuttlecock-fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes rather stout, straight,
thickened immediately above the base, nearly flat on the anterior face
rather short, one-sixth to one-fourth the length of the lamina, rather
thickly clothed at the base and sparingly above with broadly-ovate and
triangular-lanceolate acuminate very pale brown scales, intermingled
with numerous hair-like ones, most of which are deciduous. Lamina
suberect or ascending, elliptical-oblong or narrowly oblong, attenu-
ated towards the base and apex, bipinnate or subtripinnate; lower
pinna? spreading, upper ones ascending, not more distant than the
lower ones ; pinnules or ultimate segments broadest at the base, crenate
or crenate-serrate or inciso-crenate ; lobes entire or toothed at the apex.

VOL. XII. Q

J 14 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Ultimate veins running into the teeth. Sori distributed over the whole
of the frond, except a few pairs of pinnae towards the base, placed
on the first anterior branch of the vein running- into the pinnules or
ultimate segments, or on several of the branches. Indusium very
minute, very finely lacerate, fugacious, often absent. Spores brown,
tuberculate, with numerous small blunt unequal tubercles.

Var. a. genuinum.

Frond narrowly oblong, sometimes strapshaped-oblong, subparallel-
sided towards the middle; pinnae acuminate; pinnules strapshaped-
lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, acute, separated, sometimes convex
from the margins being reflexed.

Yar. /3. obtusatum.

Fronds oblong-elliptical, with the sides more or less curved outwards
towards the middle ; pinna) tapering gradually towards the apex, but
not acuminate ; pinnules oval-oblong or oblong, approximate, obtuse,
generally flat. /

Amongst stones and on.rocks in*nlpine districts, frequent on high-
land mountains above 1800 to 4000 feet. It occurs on all the high
mountains of Perthshire; on the Clova Mountains, Forfarshire ; and
Braemar Mountains, Aberdeen ; first found on mountains near Dalwhin-
nie and on Ben Alder, Inverness-shire, in 1841, by Mr. H. C. Watson.
It is recorded also from the counties of Banff, Argyle, and Sutherland.

Yar. a, judging from the specimens I have, appears much more
frequent than var. |3, which grows side by side with var. a. I have
it from Lochnagar, Canlochan, Ben Hope, Ben Lawers, and the
Clova Mountains.

Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Fronds 1 to 3 feet high, extremely similar to those of A. Filix-
fcemina, var. a simulating A. Filix-foemina var. erectum, and var. /3
A. Filix-foemina genuinum, though the two forms of eu-alpestre are
less distinct than the above-named vars. of Filix-foemina : A. alpestre,
var. a having the frond attenuated towards the base, and var. (3
having the frond narrower than in Filix-fcemina genuinum; but even
in the barren state eu-alpestre may be distinguished by its stipes
being scarcely channelled above (there the rachis is), and with much
broader and paler scales, which are almost white and hyaline when
the frond first begins to expand. The most striking difference, how-
ever, lies in the round son', which arises from their shape not being

FILICES. 115

modified by a firm and persistent iDdusium ; the spores also are
darker coloured and conspicuously tuberculate, in this respect very
different from the yellow, nearly smooth, spores of A. Filix-foemina
vars. a and ft; but in A. Filix-foemina var. Watsoni the spores show
some approximation towards those of A. eu-alpestre.

The great majority of botanists place the present plant in the genus
Polypodium or in the genus Phegopteris when they separate the latter
from the former. The late Mr. E. Newman founded the genus
Pseudathyrium upon it, but I think there is no doubt that Milde is
right in placing it in the genus Athyrium, with which it agrees in
every character except in the round naked sori ; but then in several
abnormal forms of A. Filix-fcemina the sori are round and naked, or
with an imperfectly developed indusium, and in some otherwise
ordinary forms of the same Fern the indusium falls away early, and
the sori become round. On the other hand, in the very early stages
of A. alpestre a rudimentary indusium may be found at least occa-
sionally. The disposition of the curved vascular bundles of the petiole
is precisely similar in the two plants, as well as their mode of growth,
vernation, and venation. I myself have doubts whether A. alpestre
should not be considered as merely a subspecies of A. Filix-fceniina.
(See Duval Juve in ' Annot. Fl. de Fr. et d'All.,' pub. par C. Billot,
pp. 57 and 149 to 151.)

Alpine Lady-fern.

Subspecies (?) II.— Athyrium flexile.

A. alpestre var. flexile, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 53.

Pseudathyrium flexile, Neiom. Phyt. 1853, p. 974; and Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 201.

Phegopteris flexilis, /. Smith, Hist. Fil. p. 233.

Polypodium flexile, Moore, Handb. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 225. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed.

vii. p. 44:5.
P. alpestre, var. flexile, Moore, Handb. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 59 ; and Nat. Print. Ferns,

8vo. ed. vol. i. p. 76. Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 311.
P. alpestre, /3. pumile, Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 581 ; and Hook. fil. Stud. Fl

ed. ii. p. 498.

Caudex stout, erect or oblique, closely covered by the bases of
former fronds, dividing into several divisions or crowns, which remain
closely packed together. Fronds several from each crown arranged
shuttlecock-fashion, dying in autumn. Stipes rather stout, bent back-
wards and thickened immediately above the base, nearly flat on the
anterior face, very short, often reduced merely to the enlarged portion
above the base, and rarely more than one-eighth the length of the
lamina, rather thickly clothed throughout with ovate and lanceolate
pale brown scales, intermingled with hair-like ones, most of which
are deciduous. Lamina spreading or spreading-ascending, strap-

116 ENGLISH BOTANY.

shaped lanceolate, more attenuated towards the apex than towards
the base, bipinnate ; lower pinnse deflexed, upper ones spreading and
more distant ; pinnules narrowed at the base, inciso-serrate ; lobes
toothed at the apex ; ultimate veins running into the teeth. Sori
distributed over the basal half of the frond, the apex being destitute
of them, placed on the first anterior branch of the veins running
into the pinnules or on several of the branches. Indusium very
minute, very finely lacerate, fugacious, but rarely absent when the
fronds unfold. Spores brown, tuberculate, with rather numerous
small blunt irregular tubercles.

Very rare and local. At the head of Glen Prosen, Clova, Forfar-
shire. Great Corrie on Ben Alder, Inverness-shire.

Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Fronds 3 to 12 inches long, with an extremely short stipes; in
cultivation the stipes is often confined to the enlarged basal portion
which remains attached to the caudex. Scales more numerous and
more of them ovate-triangular than in A. eu-alpestre. Lamina nar-
rower— in wild specimens from Ben Alder collected by Dr. Buchanan
White, with lamina between 3 and 4 inches long, the breadth is from
1 to 1£ inch at the broadest part, which is about one-third above the
base. Pinnules narrowed towards the base, while in P. eu-alpestre
they are broadest towards the base. The most remarkable feature in
this Fern is that the sori appear not to be produced on the apical
portion of the frond, they are most numerous in the basal third, and
it is but rarely that any can be found in the apical third.

I have great hesitation in separating this as a subspecies from
A. eu-alpestre, because the character of the basal part of the frond
being soriferous and not the apex, is so unusual among Ferns, that
it may be suspected to be an abnormal form or monstrosity, and as
this I should have regarded it had Mr. Backhouse's original station
in Glen Prosen been the only one in which it occurred. But the Ben
Alder specimens are similar, and in cultivation the plant becomes
even more dissimilar from A. eu-alpestre than the wild specimens.
I have had cultivated plants from Glen Prosen, where I believe it
is now almost extinct, from Mr. Backhouse, and from Ben Alder from
Mr. A. Craig Christie and Dr. F. Buchanan White. Mr. A. C. Christie
tells me that A. flexile fruits when only 3 inches long, and A. alpestre
growing with it not under 9 or 10 inches.

Dr. P. Buchanan White, who is one of the few botanists who have
published detailed descriptions of A. eu-alpestre and A. flexile, after
having observed both forms in their native localities, says, in the
'Scottish Naturalist,' 1881, p. 45: "The general appearance and
habit of flexile afford one of the best points of distinction. Aljje^frc

FILICES. 117

lias erect fronds with a general appearance, as is well known, very
similar to that of Athyrium Filix-fccmina, for which indeed it was
long mistaken. Flexile on the other hand, has somewhat narrower
and more tapering fronds, with the stipes bent or elbowed a little
above its attachment to the rachis (caudex ? Ed.), and in consequence
the frond is far from erect, and, in fact in many cases is nearly parallel
to the surface of the earth, which, with the deflexed pinnae and the
pinnules narrowed at the base, give a very distinct appearance. In
addition, it is almost invariably smaller than alpestre — generally very
much smaller — and, though the name implies a more pliant structure
than alpestre, I think in reality it is more rigid."

Flexile Lady-fern.

GENUS XIII.-A SPLENIUM. Linn.

Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, usually approximated,
rarely solitary, often coriaceous or subcoriaceous, varying from simple
to decompound, not densely scaly beneath. Stipes not articulated to
the caudex, containing 1 or 2 vascular bundles which unite upwards,
and give a 3- or 4-lobed section in the centre of the stipes. Veins
simple or forked, free. Scales composed of short cells, with their
boundaries greatly thickened, and of a much deeper brownish-red
colour than the rest of the cell. Sori oblong or linear, straight or
slightly curved, attached along the side of the veins. Indusium
attached along the vein, of the same shape as the sorus.

Name from a (a) without, aud cnrkijv (splcn) the spleen, which like the English
name (Spleenwort), indicates the belief formerly entertained that the plant was a remedy
for disorders of the spleen.

SPECIES I.-ASPLENIUM FONTANUM. Bemh.

Plate 1872.

Babcnh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 33.

A. Halleri, Spreng. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 982. Gren. & Godr. Fl.

de Fr. vol. iii. p. 635. Babenh. 1. c.
Athyrium fontanum and A. Halleri, Both, Fl. Germ. vol. iii. pp. 59 and 60.
Aspidium fontanum, Swartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2024.
Polypodium fontanum, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1550.

Caudex short, dividing into several scaly crowns ; scales strap-
shaped-triangular, entire, very acute. Fronds several from each crown,
ascending or spreading. Stipes wiry, much shorter than the lamina,
purplish-brown at the base, green at the upper part, margin with a

118 ENGLISH* BOTANY.

few linear-triangular dark brown quickly deciduous scales. Lamina
firm but not coriaceous, glabrous, dim, evergreen, strapshaped-oblan-
ceolate or strapshaped-elliptical, longly tapering towards the base, and
acuminate at the apex, bipinnate or subbi pinnate; lowest pair of pinnae
very minute and smaller than the succeeding pair, deltoid-ovate, pinnate
or pinnatipartite, more or less deflexed, the middle ones triangular-
ovate or oblong, spreading ; basal pinnules roundish, narrowed at the
base, somewhat palmately inciso-serrate, with mucronate teeth. Rachis
green, usually glabrous, margined, winged ; partial rachides broadly
winged so as to connect the bases of the pinnules. Pinnules with a
flexuous mid-vein which gives off simple branches running to the teeth.
Sori shortly oblong, often slightly curved, attached to the ultimate
veins nearer to the midrib of the pinnules than to their margin, often
ultimately confluent. Indusium entire or nearly so. Spores brown,
muricato-tuberculate, with short rather large pointed tubercles.

On rocks and walls. A very doubtful native. On a garden wall at
Ashfield Lodge near Petersfield, Hants, Rev. W. H. Hawker ; on an old
garden wall at Furze Down, Tooting, Surrey (station now destroyed),
1845, Mr. Gibbs; formerly on Amersham Church, Berks, found by
Mr. Bradney according to Hudson ; at " Swanage Cove, near Tillevilly,
Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, and between Lang-Ywlch and Tremaddock,"
1852, Dr. Power, Moore; near Matlock, Derbyshire, Mr. H. Shep-
herd; rocks in Wharncliffe Wood, Yorkshire, 1838, Mr. R. M. Red-
head ; Northumberland, Mr. J. Backhouse, Bab. Man., but not included
in Baker's 'Flora of Northumberland and Durham,' 18G8 ; rocks
near Alnwick Castle, T. Moore ; " Mr. Hudson gathered the same plant
in a stony situation near Wybourn in Westmoreland, or rather, perhaps,
Wiborne in Cumberland," Smith. " We have also been informed by
Mr. D. Hutchison, formerly gardener at Bexley Abbey, Kent, that lie
has himself gathered this species in 1842, on moist rocks near the sea,
a short distance north-east of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, in a spot
that has since been disturbed by the formation of the Aberdeen rail-
way, so that in 1849 he was not successful in refinding it." (Moore, Nat.
Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo ed. vol. ii. 18G3.) " Mr. W. 0. Needham of
Farnham, gave me the enclosed specimen of Asplenium fontanum,
which he informs me were gathered by himself on the Cave Hill near
Belfast, Co. Antrim, Ireland." (Edward Newman on label of specimen
purchased at sale of collection of Botanical Society of London.) Not
included in the ' Cybele Hibernica.'

England? Scotland? Ireland ? Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

FILTCES. 119

Stipes i to \ the length of the lamina, Lamina 2 \ inches long by
-| inch wide, to 9 inches long by \\ inch wide, decreasing gradually
towards the base as in Athyrium Filix-fcemina, var. genuinum and
Lastrea Oreopteris, a character which distinguishes it from all the
other British species of Asplenium. The texture of the fronds though
firm, is not coriaceous, they are of a bright deep-green colour, and not
shining.

Koch makes two varieties of this plant, viz. a. pedicularifolium, and
/3. angustatum. The latter differs merely in its smaller size and less
divided pinnae, which are scarcely again pinnate. These varieties
seem mainly to be dependent on situation, which causes one form to
be more luxuriant than the other.

Smooth Bock Spleemcort.

SPECIES II.— ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM. Buds.

Plate 1873.
BabenJi. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 113 and 114.

Caudex short, dividing into several scaly crowns ; scales subulate,
dentate, with setaceous points. Fronds several from each crown,
ascending or spreading or pendent. Stipes wiry, shorter than the
lamina, purplish-brown throughout, or rarely green in the upper part,
faintly channelled above, with a few scattered hair-like dark-brown
scales. Lamina firm but not coriaceous, glabrous, dim, evergreen,
lanceolate or strapshaped-lanceolate, more rarely strapshaped, scarcely
attenuated towards the abrupt base, acuminate towards the apex,
bipinnate or rarely only once pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae a little
smaller than the succeeding pair, oblong or oblong-triangular, sub-
sessile or very shortly stalked, spreading or occasionally deflexed ;
middle pinnae similar to the basal ones, but usually a little longer ;
pinnules or ultimate segments obovate or oblanceolate or ovate-
rhombic, wedgeshaped at the base, dentate or crenate-dentate, with
mucronate teeth towards the apex, the larger ones often inciso-pin-
natifid. Rachis mostly purplish at the base, especially on the under-
side, green on the upper part, margined, with hair-like scales •, partial
rachides narrowly winged, sometimes often connecting the bases of
the pinnules. Pinnules with a tiexuous mid-vein which gives off
forked or simple branches running to the teeth. Sori shortly oblong,
straight, attached to the ultimate veins, nearer to the margin of the
pinnules than to the midrib. Indusium entire. Spores brown, muri-
cate-tuberculate, wTith rather large pointed tubercles.

120 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Yar. a. genuinum.

Fronds bipinnate, or when small pinnate ; pinnae pinnatipartite
or pinnatifid, acute or subacute ; pinnules or ultimate segments
obovate or oblanceolate or rhombic-ovate, with large acuminate
mucronate teeth, which are as long as, or longer than broad.

Yar. /3. obovatum. Gren. and Godr.

A. obovatum, Viviani. Guss. Fl. Sic. Syn. p. 662.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnae pinnatipartite or pinnatifid, more rarely
again pinnate, obtuse ; ultimate segments large, roundish-obovate,
with large rounded apiculate or shortly mucronate teeth, which are
not so long as broad.

Yar. y. microdun. Moore.
A. marinum var. microdon, Moore, Ferns of Great Brit. Nat. Print, folio cd. sub tab. 38.

" Frond pinnate ; pinnas undulated, with apiculate-dentate margins,
the lower ones distinct, obtuse, obliquely triangular, or unequally
cordate-subhastate, lobate below ; upper ones narrower, confluent.
Sori short." (Moore, Handb. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. G7.)

On ledges of rock, and walls and banks. Local. Frequent in Devon,
Cornwall, and Somerset ; it also occurs at Tunbridge Wells, on both the
Sussex and Kent side of the stream which divides these counties, near
the high rocks, and also on rocks in Eridge Park, Sussex; at Frenchey,
Beechly, and near Stapleton, Gloucestershire ; and in the counties
of Pembroke, Glamorgan, Merioneth, Denbigh, Carnarvon. Aery
rare in Ireland ; on both sides of the town of Kinsale, Cork, Mr. I.
Carroll, from whom I have specimens, and on an old tower at Reen-
cahirne, and on Ballycaibery Castle, near Cahirciveen, Rev. S.
Madden, Sup. ' Cyb. Hib.' Of var. /3 I have specimens from Mr. I.
W. N. Keys, from rocks near Tavistock, Devon, which I cannot
distinguish from the ordinary Asplenium obovatum of the Mediter-
ranean district.

" Yar. microdon is a native of Guernsey, and was found in 1855
first by Miss Wilkinson, and subsequently in other stations by Miss
Mansell, of the Quesne, and Mr. C. Jackson, to the latter of whom we
are indebted for specimens and for our knowledge of the plant.
Mr. Jackson informs us that it grows on banks of rough masonry
without mortar, and intermixed with Asplenium lanceolatum, at some

FILICES. 121

distance from the sea. It lias been found within a short distance of
Penzance by Mr. J. Mager, and this plant, which is somewhat more
divided than the Guernsey form, proves incontestably its relationship
to the species to which we refer it." (Moore, 1. c. p. 73.)

England, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex with the crowns closely packed together, clothed with long
linear-subulate and filiform dentate scales, which appear to be dark
brown, but, when examined under a lens, are seen to be white
and hyaline, with a network formed by thick reddish-brown longi-
tudinal and transverse bars, which are the boundaries between the
cells ; the partitions project at the margins of the scales in the form
of very minute teeth : these scales are good examples of the clathrate
scales which distinguish the genus Asplenium from Athyrium. The
stipes is shining, purplish-brown, thickly clothed with articulated
hair-like scales when unfolding, but ultimately nearly glabrous,
variable in length even in the same tuft, very rarely as long as the
lamina, and usually only one-third or one-fourth 'as long, containing
two oval vascular bundles. Lamina variable in size, but generally
under 6 inches long by 1^ inch broad. The largest I have is 9 inches
long by 3^ broad, with a stipes of 9 inches long ; it was collected in a
well in Jersey by Dr. J. A. Power. The fronds are of a deep bright
green, without any lustre, and are evergreen if protected from frost,
to which they are, however, very susceptible ; so that the plant can-
not be cultivated out of doors, at least in the greater part of Britain.
The fronds vary in thickness, and are sometimes translucent, but
more generally they are opaque, and, when growing in exposed
situations, frequently have the pinnules recurved.

Var. /3 seems to pass insensibly into the typical form.

Var. y I have never seen, but, judging from the impression in
Moore's ' Nature-printed Ferns,' it is a most extraordinary variety,
simulating Asplenium marinum.

Lanceolate Spleenwort.

SPECIES III.-ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM.

Linn.

Plates 1874 and 1875.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 35, 36, and 115.

Caudex short, divided into several scaly crowns ; scales linear-
subulate, entire, tapering into long setaceous points. Fronds several
from each crown, ascending or spreading or pendent. Stipes wiry,
generally as long as and sometimes longer than the lamina, purplish-

VOL. XTI. R

122 E.VGLTSH BOTAXY.

brown throughout, or rarely green in the upper |3art, channelled
above, with a few scattered hair-like deciduous dark-brown scales.
Lamina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous, usually shining, ever-
green, triangular-lanceolate or triangular -oblong or triangular or
deltoid-ovate, not attenuated towards the abrupt base, bipinnate or tri-
pinnate, more rarely quadripinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae larger than
the succeeding pair, ovate or lanceolate, conspicuously stalked,
ascending-spreading or ascending straight or curved upwards ; middle
pinnae similar to the basal ones, but smaller and usually less divided ;
pinnules or ultimate segments oblanceolate or ovate or rhombic-
elliptical or strapshaped, serrate or crenate-serrate at least towards the
apex ; teeth acute, sometimes shortly mucronate. Rachis usually
purplish-brown in the lower part, green in the upper part, margined ;
glabrous partial rachides narrowly winged, with the wing connecting
the bases of the pinnules. Pinnules with a flexuous mid-vein which
gives off forked or simple branches, running into the teeth. Sori
linear-oblong or strapshaped, straight, attached to the ultimate veins,
much nearer the midrib of the pinnules or ultimate segments than to
their margins, often ultimately confluent. Indusium entire. Spores
muricate-tuberculate, with rather large pointed tubercles.

Var. a. genuinum.

Plate 1874.

Stipes usually as long as the lamina, and frequently exceeding it.
Lamina coriaceous, opaque, shining with a greasy lustre, triangular-
lanceolate, shortly acuminate, bipinnate or subtripinnate ; lower pinnae
ascending, nearly straight ; all the pinnae acute or shortly acuminate ;
basal pinnules of the lower pinna? not contiguous, lanceolate or
rhombic-lanceolate, pinnate or pinnatipartite or piunatifid, subobtuse
or subacute ; ultimate pinnules or segments ascending, subacute,
toothed towards the apex ; teeth longer than broad, gradually acute.

Tar. ft. obtusum. Kit. and Milde.

Var. obtusatum, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 76. Babenh. 1. c.

No. 36.
A. obtusum, Kit. in Herb. Willd. No. 19,927 (teste Mild.). Non Presl.

Stipes usually shorter than the lamina, and rarely exceeding it.
Lamina coriaceous, opaque, shining with a greasy lustre, triangular-
ovate, more rarely lanceolate-ovate, acuminate bipinnate or (rarely)

FILICES.

123

subtripinnate ; pinnae spreading or spreading-ascending, straight ; all
the pinnse obtuse or subobtuse, very rarely acuminated ; basal pinnules
of the lower pinnae contiguous obovate or ovate or rhombic-ovate,
lobed or incised or pinnatipartite ; ultimate segments ascending,
obtuse or crenate-serrate or dentate serrate towards the apex ; teeth
often no longer than broad, subacute, very shortly acuminate and
subacute or very shortly mucronate.

Var. y. Serpenfini. Koch.

A. Adiantum-nigruin, var. obtusum, Moore in Journ. Bot. 1861, p. 129. Hook. fil. Stud.

Fl. ed. ii. p. 493 ; Hook. & Bah. Syn. Fil. ed. ii. p. 214.
A. Serpentini, Tausch. Fl. 1839, p. 477. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 86. Babenh. 1. c. No. 115.
A. obtusmn, Presl, non Kit. (teste Milde).

Stipes as long as the lamina, or often exceeding it, more con-
spicuously margined than in vars. a, /3, and y. Lamina coriaceous
or subcoriaceous, opaque, scarcely shining but with a faint satiny
lustre, ovate-triangular or triangular, gradually acute, tripinnate or
subquadripinnate ; lower pinnae ascending-spreading or spreading,
straight, rarely slightly curved towards the apex of the frond,
subacute, very rarely acuminated ; basal pinnules of the lower pinnae
separated, rhombic deltoid, pinnate or subbipinnate ; ultimate
pinnules or segments ascending-spreading, wedgeshaped at the base,
obtuse or subobtuse and crenate-dentate at the apex, with the teeth as
long as or longer than broad.

Var. (?) y. acutum. Pollini.

Plate 1875.

A. Onopteris, var. a. acutum, Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 87.

A. Adiantum-nigrum, var. Virgilii, Heufler, Willk. & Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp. Vol. I. p. 7.

A. acutum, " Bory, MS." Willd. Spec. Plant. Vol. V. p. 347. Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns,

ed. iii. p. 230.
A. Virgilii, Guss. Fl. Sic. Syn. p. 662.
A. productum, Lowe, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 1838, p. 524.

Stipes generally much exceeding the lamina. Lamina subcoriaceous,
translucent, faintly shining with a strong satiny lustre, ovate-
triangular, longly acuminate, almost cordate, mostly tripinnate or
subquadripinnate ; lower pinnae spreading-ascending at the base, and
then curved upwards towards the apex of the frond, acuminate and
very acute or subacute ; basal pinnules of the lower pinnae much
separated, narrowly rhombic or rhombic-triangular, pinnate or sub-

124. ENGLISH BOTANY.

bi pinnate ; ultimate pinnules or segments ascending-erect, longly
wedgeshaped at the base, very acute, serrate, with mucronate teeth
longer than broad.

On rocks, walls, and banks. Yars. a and /3 not very abundant, but
generally distributed, extending north to Orkney and Shetland.
Frequent throughout Ireland.

Var. y. Serpentini, on serpentine rocks, at Cabrach, in Aberdeen-
shire, on the confines of Banffshire, where it was discovered by the
Rev. Andrew Christie. To this var. I am inclined to refer also a
plant sent me by Mr. G. H. Kinahan, labelled " On serpentine
a little south-west of Glendalough Hotel, Connemara."

Var. y. acutum appears to be confined to the south-west of Ireland.
I have specimens from Glen Carragh, Mr. G. Maw ; Killarney, Mr.
E. T. Bennett; and Bandon Hill, near Peafield, Rev. J. Allen. Mr.
G. H. Kinahan writes to me that it is frequent in Connemara, Galway,
and S.W. Mayo, but I have not seen specimens. Mr. H. C.
Watson reports it from Surrey, and Dr. Lowe from Norfolk. Besides
these localities it is reported from Jersey ; from Combe Royal, south
Devon ; and the walls of the cathedral of St. Asaph, Wales ; but as I
have not seen specimens from these places, I do not know if they
belong to acutum, as I understand it, or are merely finely divided
states of var. a.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

A very variable plant, which Milde and others divide into 3 sub-
species, and certainly taking the typical forms of each of these one
is much inclined to endorse their opinion ; but these principal forms
are so intimately connected by intermediates, and the characters
become so crossed, that I have found myself compelled to agree with
those writers who regard them all as forms of one species. It is not,
as in the case of the Lastreas, that we have distinct forms of which
there arc abundant individuals connected by intermediate forms of
which there are few individuals : the types of the distinct forms of
Lastrea are abundant, the intermediates scarce, and each inter-
mediate form occurs only where the two typical forms which it connects
grow together.

Very different from this is the case of Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum,
in which there are far more individuals of the connecting forms than
of the type-forms of two out of the three possible subspecies, at least
in Britain and central Europe ; while in the south of Europe and the
Canary Isles another type-form becomes prevalent, and the inter-
mediates which connect it with the form most common in Britain are
more abundant than the northern form.

FILICES.

125

The first of Milde's subspecies "nigrum," Heufler, contains _ the
forms here called genuinum and obiusatum. It is the least divided
of the three, and has usually the stipes not exceeding the lamina,
which is usually about 6 or 8* inches long, by 2 to 3 inches across the
broadest part at the base ; the frond is coriaceous and opaque with
a greasy lustre, the ultimate segments are convex on the outer side.
Milde's var. obtusatum is a less developed form, with the stipes usually
shorter in proportion to the frond, which is rarely above 4 inches in
length, and sometimes as little as 2 inches ; it is less divided, and
sometimes scarcely bipinnate ; the ultimate segments are rounder and
more obtuse than in var. genuinum, into which it passes insensibly, and
is scarcely worthy of the name of a variety. Milde gives as one of
the characters of his first form that there is only a solitary vascular
bundle in the stipes, while in the second subspecies there are 1 or 2
bundles, and in the third two. I fear little reliance can be placed
upon this character ; in all the specimens I have examined there are
two vascular bundles in the stipes where it starts from the caudex.
These two bundles approach each other and coalesce before reaching
the lamina. In small specimens the coalescence occurs much nearer
the base than in large ones, but the point at which it does occur
appears to depend on the degree to which the stipes is developed.
Speaking of the petiole of Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Mons. Duval
Jouve says : " A leur base dilate'e ils pre'sentent de_ chaque cote et
presque contre la peripheric un faisceau fibro-vasculaire simple, dont
la coupe est re'niforme oblique; plus haut, ces deux faisceaux se
rapprochent vers le centre sans jamais se fondre en un seul " (Billot,
Annot. Fl. de Fr. et d'All.' p. 247). My experience is contrary to
this, as I find the two bundles always ultimately coalesce, and some-
times indeed very near the base ; so I suspect the unity or duality
of the vascular bundles varies in different specimens.

The second subspecies, " Serpentini," Tausch., appears to be confined
to serpentine rocks in Saxony and Silesia, south to Italy, Dalmatia, and
Hungary. It was first recorded as a British plant by Mr. T. Moore,
from specimens collected by the Rev. A. Christie, on serpentine rocks
at Cabrach, Aberdeenshire. It differs from the commoner form of
Adiantum-nigrum by its lamina being more divided, and the ultimate
segments less approximate, and more or less bent away from the
partial rachis. The frond also is dim, without the greasy lustre of
the common form, or the satiny lustre of the form acutum. _ Milde
says concerning it, that he has often found fronds passing into A.
Adiantum-nigrum on the same rhizome with A. Serpentini. The
stipes is usually longer than the frond, often conspicuously so.
The lamina is from 4 to 6 inches long in the specimens I have seen.
Milde says the fronds do not last through the winter, but in answer
to a query of mine on this point, Mr. Christie writes that the
fronds are evergreen at Cabrach. Along with the true Serpentini
there grows a form connecting it with ordinary Adiantum-nigrum.

126 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Mr. Christie says that the stipes varies considerably in length. " In
the specimens sent, those in which it is long were taken out of chinks
in the rock, and therefore lengthened to bring the fronds towards the
light ; those in which the stipes is short were growing in an open
situation."

The third subspecies admitted by Milde, " Onopteris," which
contains the var. " acutum" is frequent in the Mediterranean region,
Madeira, and the Canary Isles. I have not seen it in this country
except from the south of Ireland, and Mr. T. Moore also has seen
true examples of this variety only from Ireland, though it is closely
approached by English forms, and also by one which Mr. Moore
calls " oxyphyllum" gathered near Dunoon and near Stirling, but
wThich I have not seen. I am indebted to Mr. J. F. Dirt hie for
living plants of genuine acutum from the neighbourhood of Florence.
It differs conspicuously from the ordinary Adiantum-nigrum in the
texture of its fronds, wThich are not thick, cartilaginous and opaque,
as in the common form, and have a satiny, not a greasy lustre ; this
apparently arises from the epidermal cells being narrower in acutum
than in A. Adiantum-nioTiun.at least this is the case with Mr. Duthie's
plants, but unfortunately this character is in a great measure lost in
dried specimens, which can be distinguished only by the longer stipes,
the deltoid-ovate outline of the more divided frond with narrow and
elongated ultimate segments. It appears to attain a larger size than
the other forms. The largest Irish specimen I possess has a stipes
8 inches long, and a lamina of 5^ by 3 inches at the broadest part ;
but a specimen from Naples has it 10^ inches long by 7 inches broad,
and Teneriffe specimens are quite as large. Mr. Moore has an Irish
specimen with the lamina of the frond 9 inches long and 7 inches
broad.

Mr. Kinahan, of the Geological Survey of Ireland, has supplied
me with some notes on the Irish forms of Adiantum-nigrum. " In
north-west G-alway and south-west Mayo the A. Adiantum-nigrum
seems to grow as follows. It is always associated with more or
less calcareous rocks, which may be shales, limestones, dolomites,
serpentines, and the other associated pseudomorphic rocks. in
exposed sunny situations it is always diminutive (the obtusum of some
authors). This variety is not, however, very common. The most
usual form is like No. I,* but the more shady the nook, and the more
northern the aspect, the more acute the form. The typical form of
acutum always grows in cliffs and caves facing the north and
north-east. The general character of its stipes is long, as when the
plant grows in a crevice the plant wants to get above the fissure, but
it depends altogether upon the situation. The best fronds usually
have a long stipes. I believe there is only one species that will
change according to the place it grows in. Acutum does not

Typical Adiautum-uigruiu. — Ed.

FILICES. 127

necessarily grow in woods, but the most typical plants that I ever
saw were in a cliff with a northern aspect, in the wood north of Lady
Kinnear's cottage on the Lakes of Killarney. When I first saw it the
trees had been cut away from it, having the cliff quite covered with
such a marked variety of the fern that I firmly believed it must be a
distinct species. Five or six years afterwards I visited the place, and
found the trees amazingly grown, and that only in the still exposed
places grew the A. acutum, while in the places shaded by the trees it
was replaced by the normal form." It seems curious that increased
shade should cause the acutum to pass into the normal form ;
I should have expected the reverse to happen.

A. Adiantum-nigrum can scarcely be confounded with any other
British fern, except perhaps A. lanceolatum, from which it differs in
its fronds being much thicker and firmer in texture, and with the
lower pinna? much larger, so that the frond is triangular or even sub-
deltoid rather than lanceolate. The sori are much longer and more
remote from the margin of the pinnules and segments than in
A. lanceolatum, and the scales at the base of the stipes are longer
and more attenuated, generally with only a single longitudinal rib
of thickened tissue towards the apex.

Black Spleenwort.

SPECIES IV.— A SPLENIUM MARINUM. Linn.

Plate 1876.

Caudex short, tufted, divided into several scaly crowns ; scales
linear-lanceolate, entire, tapering into long setaceous points. Fronds
several from each crown, spreading or pendent. Stipes rather
slender but not wiry, from one quarter to as long as the lamina,
purplish-brown, margined with green in the upper part, with a few
scattered hair-like deciduous dark-brown scales. Lamina thick,
coriaceous, glabrous, shining, evergreen, strapshaped or oblong-strap-
shaped or triangular-strapshaped, abrupt or tapering towards the
base, and always tapering towards the apex, pinnate ; lowest pair of
pinna? smaller than or equalling the succeeding pair, very shortly
stalked or subsessile, decurrent, spreading or ascending-spreading,
rhomboidal-ovate or rhomboidal-oblong or rhomboidal-strapshaped or
trapezoidal-rhombic or strapshaped-triangular, entire and rectangular
or inversely-deltoid or wedgeshaped at the base (which is usually
unequal-sided), obtuse or acute, crenate or crenate-serrate or slightly
lobed, more rarely serrate or incised ; middle pinnae similar to
the basal ones, and equalling them, but sometimes a little larger ; all
decurrent ; terminal pinna3 smaller and confluent. Rachis more or

128 ENGLTSH BOTANY.

less brown, at least towards the base, margined with narrow green
wings, glabrous. Pinnae with a flexuous mid-vein, giving off forked
branches running into but not reaching the crenatures. Sori linear
or strapshaped or oblong, mostly attached to the anterior fork of the
venule, usually commencing at the margin, and not unfrequently
extending nearly to the midrib, but variable in position with regard
to both, rarely confluent. Indusium entire. Spores tuberculated,
with numerous blunt rounded tubercles.

Var. a. genuinum.
Pinnae rhomboidal-oblong or rhomboid-oval, obtuse.

Var. /3. acutum. Moore.

Pinnae oblong-triangular or strapshaped-triangular or linear-tri-
angular, acute.

In the crevices of rocks and in caves, near the sea. Frequent in
the south and west, from Sussex to Orkney and Shetland ; rarer on the
east coast, though occurring in a few stations from York northwards.
Frequent in Ireland. Rare inland, though it has occurred near
Warrino-ton and Newton, Lancashire, and at the Lakes of Killarney,
co. Kerry. Var. ft occurs in Cornwall and Devonshire, and in the
Channel Islands, along with the commoner form.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant growing in dense tufts, which take their shape from the
fissures of the rock on which it grows. Crowns thickly clothed with
purplish-brown scales, in which there are many longitudinal thick-
ened bars. Stipes varying much in length even in the fronds from
the same tuft, thicker and more brittle than in the preceding species.
Var. a has the stipes 2| to 5 inches long. Lamina 1£ to 8 inches long,
and f to 2 inches broad ; pinnae usually close together, more developed
at the base on the anterior than on the posterior side, and with the
anterior portion of the base usually parallel with the rachis, thick
and fleshy in texture, and deep glossy green in colour. Sori when
Ion"-, generally with their ends equally near the margin and midrib,
but when they are abbreviated they are sometimes near the midrib
and sometimes near the margin, generally speaking they remain dis-
tinct, but occasionally, or in small specimens, they become confluent.

Var. y8 is a larger plant, with the pinnae rounder and more pointed,
the venules making a more acute angle with the mid-vein than in var. a.
I have specimens from Plymouth Hoe with stipes 9 inches long, and
the lamina about a foot long by 4 inches broad, and Mr. T. Moore

FILICES. 129

records specimens of parallelum (which is here included under var. ft)
" from Guernsey, gathered by Mons. Boistel, measuring 34 inches
in length, of which 24 inches were occupied by about 30 pairs of
pinna?, the largest being about 2J inches long and f inch wide ;
larger specimens were produced on the same plant, which was
growing in the same soil, but on a damp rock." Moore, Nat. Print.
Brit, Ferns, 8vo ed. vol. ii. p. 93.

Although the extreme forms of vars. a and ft are much unlike, they
are so connected by intermediate forms, that they scarcely deserve to
be separated even as varieties ; the shape of the base of the pinnae, or
the degree to which their margins are crenate, serrate, or lobed, are
too variable to be sufficient to separate the various forms, as even in
fronds on the same tuft they often vary to a considerable extent.

This cannot well be confounded with any other British Fern. The
only one which looks at all like it is Asplenium lanceolatum, var.
microdon, but from it A. marinum differs by its larger scales, thicker
stipes, much more coriaceous or cartilaginous lamina, glabrous rachis,
and elongated generally median sori. The fronds present sometimes
a slight resemblance to those of Polypodiurn vulgare, but in that the
pinnae are adnate to the rachis by their whole base, while in
A. marinum not even the lower ones are connected by their whole
base, and it is almost needless to remark that the difference in their
generic characters will prevent their being mistaken the one for the
other.

Sea Spleeniuort.

SPECIES V.-A SPLENIUM VIRIDE. Ends.

Plate 1877.
Rabenli. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 34.

Caudex rather elongated and creeping, divided into several
sparsely scaly crowns or shortly creeping branches ; scales linear-
lanceolate, denticulate in the lower portion, tapering into short seta-
ceous points, usually concolorous. Fronds several from each crown,
spreading or ascending. Stipes slender, not wiry, from one-eighth
to nearly half the length of the lamina, purplish-brown at the base,
green above, with scattered hair-like deciduous brown scales. Lamina
thin, flaccid, translucent, glabrous, dim, evergreen, linear or more
rarely elliptical-linear, tapering slightly at the base and apex,
pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae smaller than or equalling the suc-
ceeding pair, very shortly stalked or subsessile, spreading, rhombic-
ovate or ovate or rhombic-suborbicular or deltoid-ovate, entire and
truncate or inversely deltoid at the base (which is commonly equal-
sided), obtuse, crenate or inciso-crenate ; middle pinnae similar to the

VOL. XII. s

130 ENGLISH BOTANY.

basal ones, and generally longer and narrower and more trapezoidal ;
terminal pinnae smaller ; all distinct, or two or three of them con-
fluent with the terminal lobe of the frond, persistent and withering
while attached to the rachis. Rachis green, furrowed above, not
winged, with a few scale-like hairs, ultimately glabrous. Pinnae with
an indistinct flexuous mid-vein, giving off simple or once-forked
branches running to the crenatures and nearly reaching the margin.
Sori oblong, attached to the lower part of the ultimate veins, and ex-
tending below their forks, nearer the midrib than the margin of the
pinnse, ultimately confluent. Indusium finely denticulate or crenate,
rarely entire. Spores tuberculated, with numerous subacute tubercles.
On rocks in mountainous districts, from South Wales and Derby-
shire, north to Sutherland and Shetland, but apparently wanting in
Orkney. Common in the hilly parts of the north of England and the
Highlands of Scotland. It grows also on walls, at low elevations at
Danny (Sussex), Mickleham (Surrey), Hambridge (Worcester), and
Linnmill (Clackmannan), but there is always a possibility that it may
have been planted in such localities. In Ireland it occurs along the
west, from Kerry to Donegal.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Caudex usually more elongated and creeping than in the other British
Asplenia. Stipes from J to 4 inches long or even more. Lamina
from 1 inch long by £ inch broad to 5 inches long by f inch broad, of
a pale delicate green colour and thin texture, resembling that of
A. lanceolatum. Pinnse generally separated, but in small specimens
they are often contiguous, variable in shape ; in large specimens
they are usually very broad, truncate at the base, and more or less ovate-
rhombic, while in small specimens they are more often wedgeshaped
at the base, and longer than broad, always distinctly crenate, and
sometimes doubly crenate ; occasionally they are deeply incised, but
these appear to be monstrous forms ; sometimes the base is most deve-
loped on the anterior side of the mid-vein of the pinnae, so that the
form is more or less trapezoidal. The sori are very short and close
to the midrib of the pinnae.

A. viride can be mistaken for no other British fern, except
A. Trichomanes ; the differences between these two are pointed out
under the latter species.

Green Spleenwort.

PILICES. 131

SPECIES VI.— AS PLENIUM TRICHOMANES. Linn.

Plate 1878.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 25.

Caudex short, tufted, dividing into several scaly crowns ; scales
linear-lanceolate, entire, tapering into short setaceous points, usually
with a dark central stripe. Fronds several from each crown, spread-
ing or ascending. Stipes slender, wiry, usually very short, and
hardly ever more than one-sixth the length of the lamina, purplish-
brown throughout, with scattered hair-like deciduous brown scales.
Lamina thick, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, opaque, glabrous above,
but sometimes with a few deciduous gland-tipped hair-like scales
beneath, dim, evergreen, linear or more rarely strapshaped-linear,
tapering slightly towards the base and apex, pinnate ; lowest pair
of pinnae smaller than the succeeding pair, subsessile, spreading, subor-
bicular or deltoid-suborbicular, truncate or inversely-deltoid at the
base, obtuse, repand or crenate or rarely incised ; middle pinnae longer
than the basal ones, roundish-oval oval or oblong, rarely oblong-
strapshaped, truncate or inversely deltoid or wedgeshaped at the
base ; terminal pinnae smaller ; all distinct or two or three of them con-
fluent with the terminal lobe of the frond, deciduous and falling
off from the rachis when mature. Rachis purplish-brown with a
narrow brown wing on each side, and having notches in which
the pinnae are inserted, at first with a few hair-like scales, ulti-
mately glabrous. Pinnae with a flexuous mid-vein, giving off once-
forked branches running to the crenatures and nearly reaching the
margin. Sori oblong-linear, attached to the anterior branch of the
venules beyond their forks and equidistant from the midrib and the
margins of the pinnae, often ultimately confluent. Indusium entire
or repand, rarely crenulated. Spores muricated, with numerous small
acute tubercles.

Var. a. genuinum.

Middle pinnae roundish-oval or oval-oblong, mostly equal at the
base, repand or crenate. Rachis rounded beneath.

Var. /3. anceps. Soland.

Lowe, Primit. Fl. et Fauu. Macleir. p. 8.

Middle pinnae oblong or oblong-strapshaped, auriculate above,
crenate-serrate. Rachis more prominent beneath than in var. a.

s 2

132 ENGLISH BOTANY.

On rocks and walls rather frequent. Generally distributed, ex-
tending to Orkney. Frequent but rather local in Ireland. Var. /3.
Hedge-bank near Bowler Green, south-west Surrey, H. C. Watson ;
" Killarney," Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 452.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant growing in dense tufts. Fronds including the very short
stipes, 1| to 1 foot long, by \ to f inch broad. # After the fall of the
pinna?, the stipes and bare rachis remain and in old plants each of
the approximate crowns is surrounded by a guard of these leafless
purplish-brown rachides.

Yar. /3. seems to pass insensibly into the ordinary form. Mr. T.
Moore says of A. anceps that it has not, he believes, been found in
Britain, but specimens from Mr. H. C. Watson, collected in Surrey^
appear inseparable from the plant of the Atlantic islands ; some of
these specimens have fronds 10 inches long by 1 J inch broad.

There are some very beautiful monstrosities of A. Adiantum-nigrum,
of which the form called inclsum by Moore is the most striking; in
this the leaves are irregularly deeply pinnatifid, with the segments
incised. It is, as Mr. Moore says, exactly analogous to the form
Cambricum of Polypodium vulgare, and the fronds are said to be
uniformlv barren.

Crested forms in which the apex of the frond ^ is spread out into a
tassel are more common, and are said to be invariably produced from
spores. .

Asplenimn Trichomanes is liable to be confounded with A. viride ;
but in that species the stipes is green at the apex, and the rachis
wholly green and destitute of the raised brown wing down each
side, the pinna? are persistent and more evidently stalked, much
thinner in texture and more translucent, so that the veins are readily
seen when the plant is held up to the light, paler green, and usually
more crenate, with the sori shorter and nearer the midrib.
When A. Trichomanes becomes luxuriant the pinna? are longer and
narrower in proportion than in the smaller forms; while in A. viride
they become broader and more rhombic or deltoid-rhombic.

Maidenhair Sjjleemco vt.

SPECIES VII.-ASPLENIUM CLERMONT^.

Plate 1879.
A. Pctrarc^ja), Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. v. p. 146 ; non DC.

"Caudex small, tufted; the crown covered with dark-coloured,
lineai-, sharp-pointed scales,*' Newman. Stipes slender, wiry, shorter
than the frond, chestnut-brown below, green in the upper part, with

FILICES.

133

scattered hair-like brown scales. Lamina rather thick, snhcoriaceons,
opaque, glabrous, dim, evergreen, linear, abrupt at the base, tapering
towards the apex, pinnate ; lowest pair of pinnae larger than the suc-
ceeding pair, shortly stalked, spreading, deltoid, three-lobed, lobes
roundish-obovate, deeply crenate ; middle pinnae smaller than the
basal ones, rhombic-ovate, inversely deltoid at the base, obtuse,
crenate; terminal pinnae smaller, oval-obovate, wedgeshaped at the
base, obtuse, crenate or simply repand, several of them confluent with
the terminal lobe of the frond, persistent. Rachis green, not winged,
but with the stalk of the pinnae very shortly decurrent, with a few
hair-like gland-tipped scales. Lower pinnae flabellately veined, with
the veins forked ; middle and upper pinnae with a flexuous mid-vein
giving off once-forked branches running to the crenatures, and
nearly reaching the margin. Sori oblong-linear, attached to the
anterior branch of the ultimate veins beyond their forks and equi-
distant from their base and the margins of the pinnae, not confluent.
Indusium denticulate.

Found by Lady Clermont, in 1 863, growing on the back of a garden
wall among Asplenium Trichomanes and Asplenium Ruta-muraria, at
Ravensdale Park, Newry. Mr. Newman gives the station as " near
Flurry Bridge," but I suppose the same place is intended.

Ireland (extinct). Perennial. Autumn.

Stipes about 1 inch long. Lamina 2 to 2J inches long by h inch
broad. Stalk of the pinnae about ^ inch long. Lowest pinnae
about f inch long, and nearly as broad at the base, with three lobes,
of which the central one is the largest, each lobe witli a nearly equal
vein, which gives off forking branches, but these do not form
mid-veins to the three divisions of the pinna ; in the undivided pinnae,
however, there is a flexuous mid-vein like that of A. Trichomanes.
The spores are immature in the specimen which I have seen, which
1 received through the kindness of Lord Clermont ; they appear to be
similar to those of A. Ruta-muraria, that is tuberculate with rather
large blunt tubercles.

Distinguished from A. Trichomanes, of which the authors of the
' Cybele Hibernica' " suspect it will prove to be a form," by its stipes
being green at the top and the rachis without the prominent dark
wing which runs down each side of the upper face. The pinnae also
are distinctly though shortly stalked, and the lower ones three-lobed.
The venation has also more tendency to be flabellate, and the indusium
is conspicuously denticulate.

From the continental A. Petrarchae, to which Mr. Newman refers
it, it differs in not having the stipes wiry, and purplish-black through-

134 ENGLISH BOTANY.

out, the frond more tapering, the pinnae persistent, the lower ones
with longer stalks, more evidently three-lobed, and as large as or
larger than the succeeding pair, the middle ones smaller and not
pinnately-lobed ; it also is not densely glandulose on the rachis,
lamina, and indusium, and the latter is not entire but jagged at the
edges, as in A. Petrarchan, and the sori are longer and narrower.

From A. Ruta-muraria it differs in the frond being linear, only
once pinnate, and in the pinnse having much shorter stalks, with a
more decided mid-vein, and the sori on the middle pinnas diverge more
from the median line of the pinnae. The stipes, rachis, venation, sori,
and indusia are, however, more like those of A . Ruta-muraria than of
any other British Asplenium.

A. Clermontae belongs to a group of forms intermediate between A.
Trichomanes and other species of this genus, and which are generally
believed to be hybrids. These have been found in very small quantity,
often only single roots, where A. Trichomanes grows in company with
those species between which and A. Trichomanes the forms to which
I allude are intermediate. These are in the first place A. adulter-
inuin, Milde, which has been found in Northern Bohemia and near
Schonberg in Moravia ; this is intermediate between A. Trichomanes
and A. viride, and Milde considers it as certainly a hybrid.

The next is A. dolosum, Milde, of which a single caudex was found
by Milde growing with A. Trichomanes and A. Adiantum-nigrum at
Meran in the Southern Tyrol, and which he also believes to be a
hybrid ; I have not seen this form, but it evidently approaches
A. Clermontae very closely : it differs by having the stipes entirely
and the rachis partly blackish, the pinnae more deeply divided and
with acute teeth, and the indusium quite entire.

The third form is A. Heufleri, Beichardt, which was found growing
with A. Trichomanes and A. Germanicum between Yilpian and
Molten, in the Southern Tyrol, and at Eichorn, Moravia : this is quite
intermediate between the two species with which it grows, and is
considered by Milde to be a hybrid.

I have scarcely any doubt that A. Clermontae is a hybrid between
A. Trichomanes and A. Ruta-muraria, between which it is quite inter-
mediate, and it ought to be looked for in other places where these t\\ o
species grow together. The plant has been eradicated at Ravensdale
Park, but it is quite possible it may survive in some fern-grower's
collection. I have followed the example of Milde in giving a distinct
name to this form.

It is but an inference that ferns do produce hybrids, as it has never
been actually proved by experiment, but every new intermediate form
which exists in extremely small quantity and is found in circumstances
where the supposed parents grow together adds to the probability of
hybridization in ferns. A. Clermontaa has a peculiar interest, as so
many of the supposed hybrids cluster round A. Trichomanes.

Lady Clermont's Spleenwort.

F1LICE3. 135

SPECIES VIII.— ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURARIA. Linn.

Plate 1880.

BahenJi. Crypt. Vase. Eirrop. Exsicc. Xo. 37.

A. murale, Bernh. Grays Xat. Arr. Brit. PI. Vol. II. p. II.

Tarachia Euta-niuraria, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 81.

Aniesiuni Kuta-muraria, Neicm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 10, and cd. iii. p. 254; and

Phytol. 1851, App. viii.
Scolopendrium Kuta-muraria, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 52.

Caudex short, divided into several closely -packed seal)* crowns ;
scales linear-subulate, very acute. Fronds several from each crown,
ascending or spreading or pendent. Stipes wiry, from as long as to
twice as long as the lamina, purplish-brown for a very short distance
from the base, green in the upper part, channelled above, with a few
very narrow deciduous brown scales, and numerous very, minute
globose deciduous glands. Lamina thick, coriaceous or subcoriaceous,
opaque, glabrous, shining, evergreen, triangular-ovate deltoid-ovate
or triangular-lanceolate, rarely triangular-strapshaped, bipinnate or
subtripinnate, or rarely simply pinnate, in the latter case the lower
segments more or less deeply cut ; lowest pinnae larger and more
divided than the succeeding ones, conspicuously stalked, ascending
or spreading-ascending, pinnate or trifoliate or trifid ; middle pinnae
similar to the basal ones, but smaller and more shortly stalked and
less divided ; all of them alternate ; pinnules or ultimate segments
obovate or rhombic oblanceolate, or rhombic-oblong or oblanceolate-
strapshaped, inversely deltoid or wedgeshaped and entire at the base,
obtuse or rounded, rarely acute, crenate or inciso-crenate or crenate-
serrate at the apex. Rachis green, not winged. Ultimate segments
flabellately veined, without a distinct mid-vein. Sori oblong or
linear-oblong, usually diverging, situated about the middle of the
pinnae and not reaching its margin, ultimately confluent. Indusium
dentate or fimbriate. Spores tuberculated, with rather large blunt
tubercles.

Yar. a. genuinum.

Lamina bipinnate, rarely only pinnate ; ultimate, segments obovate
or rhombic.

Tar. /3. elatum. ' Lang,' Moore.

Frond bipinnate or almost tripinnate ; ultimate segments oblan-
ceolate or rhombic-oblong, narrowly wedgeshaped at the base, obtuse,
more rarely truncate at the apex. Stipes longer and whole plant
taller than invar, a.

136 EXGLTSU BOTANY.

Var. y. pseudo-Germanicum. "Heufler," Milde.

A. Euta-muraria, var. cuneatum, Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 124.
Non A. cuneatum, Lamarck.

Frond bipinnate or scarcely more than pinnate, narrow ; ultimate
segments long, oblanceolate-strapshaped, very narrowly wedgeshaped
at the base, truncate and toothed at the apex. Stipes usually longer
in proportion to the lamina than in var. a.

On rocks and walls, common and generally distributed, extending
to Orkney. Frequent throughout Ireland. Var. (3, Derbyshire,
Cumberland, and the south and west of Ireland, and probably else-
where. Yar. y Pass of Llanberis, Carnarvon ; and near Bristol.
Stenton Rock, near Dunkeld, Perth. Yar. cristatum seems to be a
monstrous form of this, found near Tunbridge Wells (Kent) ; and
Ruthin Castle (Denbighshire).

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Plant growing in very dense tufts. The stipes is very variable in
length in proportion to the lamina, even in fronds from the same
tuft. The scales are strongly clathrate, with the network very thick.
The lamina is § inch to 2h inches by J to 1 J inch broad. The ultimate
segments vary from -§- to i inch long in vars. a and j3, but in var. y
they are f inch long or even more.

In young plants the first fronds are entire and somewhat resemble
one of the segments of the barren frond of Botrychium Lunaria : they
are much thinner in texture than in the mature plant. These fronds
are succeeded by trifoliate ones.

Dwarf forms are sometimes trifoliate or pinnate.

Yar. y is frequently little more than pinnate with the long ultimate
segments connected at the base. It has sometimes been mistaken for
A. Grermanicum, which see.

Wall Rue.

SPECIES IX.— A SPLENIUM GERMANICUM. Weiss.

Plate 1881.

Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 88.

A. alternifolium, Wulf. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 2258 ; and Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 309.

A. Breynii, Betz. Fries, Summ. Veg. Seand. p. 82. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv.

ed. ii. p. 983. Gren. & Godr. Fl. de France, Vol. III. p. 637.
Tarachia Gerrnanica, Presl, Epim. Bot. p. 79.
Amesium Germanicum, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 10, and ed. iii. p. 258 ; and

Phytol. 1851, App. p. vii.
Scolopeudrium alternifolium, Roth, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 53.

Caudex short, divided into several closely packed scaly crowns ;

FILICES. 137

scales linear-subulate, very acute, with stalked glands. Fronds
several from each crown, ascending. Stipes wiry, from as long as to
twice as long as the lamina, purplish-brown for about half its length
from the base, green in the upper half, channelled above, with a few very
narrow deciduous brown scales, but no glands. Lamina rather thick,
subcoriaceous, nearly opaque, glabrous, dim, evergreen, triangular-
strapshaped or triangular-linear, pinnate ; lowest pinnae larger than
the succeeding ones, rather shortly stalked, ascending, trifld or
incised ; middle pinnse smaller and more shortly stalked than the
basal ones, incised or undivided, curving inwards towards the rachis,
narrowly wedgeshaped and entire at the base, oblanceolate or strap-
shaped-oblanceolate at the apex only ; uppermost pinnse sessile, linear,
entire or with one or two teeth at the tip, a few of the uppermost
ones confluent with the terminal lobe of the frond. Rachis green, not
winged. Pinnae or ultimate segments flabellately veined, without a
distinct mid-vein. Sori linear-oblong or linear, situated about the
middle of the pinna?, ultimately confluent. Indusium quite entire.
Spores tuberculated, with rather large blunt tubercles.

On rocks. Local and very rare. Between Llanrwst and Capel
Curig and Bwlch-y-Rhyn, Denbigh, and Moel Lechog, Carnarvon ;
Helvellyn and Borrowdale, Cumberland ; Kyloe Crags, Northumber-
land. On the Tweed two miles from Kelso, and on Minto Crags,
Roxburghshire ; three miles from Dunfermline, Fife (now extinct
according to Mr. C. Howie) ; Stenton Rock near Dunkeld, Perth.
Reported also from Culborne, Somerset ; from Arthur's Seat and
Blackford Hill, Edinburgh ; from near Perth, and from almost in-
accessible rocks near Airlie Castle, Forfarshire.

England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Fronds 1 to 5 inches high, of which the stipes is generally the
greater part. Lowest pinnae ^ to ^ inch in length. A. Germanicum
is liable to be confounded with elongated forms of A. Ruta-muraria,
but the stipes is without glands, more wiry, and a much greater part
of it is darker-coloured and very persistent, so that tufts of old
plants remind one of those of A. Trichomanes. The frond is thinner,
of a paler green ; the pinnae less divided, more shortly stalked, more
incurved, shorter and more deeply crenate or serrate at the apex ;
the sori are longer, with the indusium quite entire ; the spores are
considerably smaller and with fewer tubercles than in any form of
A. Ruta-muraria.

Bory considers this species a hybrid between A. Ruta-muraria and
A. septentrionale, and Ascherson a hybrid between A. septentrionale

VOL. XII. T

138 ENGLISH BOTANY.

and A. Tricliomanes ; Hiiter, a hybrid between A. Ruta-muraria and
A. Trichomanes ; but there seems no ground for regarding the plant as
anything but a true species. Although scarce in Britain, it is not so
on the continent, and is found over the whole of Europe. Accord-
ing to Milde, it is common in Silesia and the Tyrol, and he has
seen it in many places, not in company with A. septentrionale or
A. Trichomanes or A. Euta-muraria.

Alternate-leaved Spleenicort.

SPECIES X.-ASPLENIUM SEPTENTRIONALE. Hull.

Plate 1882.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 61.

Acrostichum septentrionale, Linn. Spec. Plant. 1524.

Acropteris septentrionalis, Link. Itabenh. 1. c. No. 61.

Amesium septentrionale, Neiom. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 10, and ed. iii. p. 265 ; and

Phyt. 1851, App. p. vii.
Scolopendrium septentrionale, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 49.

Caudex short, divided into several closely packed scaly crowns ;
scales subulate, acute, entire or with stalked glands. Fronds several
from each crown, ascending. Stipes wiry, longer than the lamina,
generally twice or thrice and sometimes four times as long, purplish-
brown for about \ of its length from the base, green in the upper
half, channelled above, clothed with numerous cylindrical unicellular
hairs, especially towards the base. Lamina very thick, coriaceous,
opaque, dim, evergreen, wedgeshaped and once or twice forked or
laciniate, or linear and undivided ; segments linear or strapshaped-
linear, tapering towards the base and apex, very narrowly wedge-
shaped at the base, and very acute at the apex, entire or with one
or two narrow ascending secondary segments, and usually with one
or two long teeth at the apex. Rachis green, not winged. Segments
and secondary segments without any mid-vein ; veins few, forked,
parallel. Sori linear, parallel, nearly covering the lower surface of
the segments, ultimately confluent. Indusium quite entire. Spores
tuberculated, with rather small subacute tubercles.

On rocks and walls. Rare and local. Between Chudleigh and
Dartmoor, South Devon, Rev. W. M. Rogers ; North Devon, Rev.
W. S. Hore ; Porlock, Somerset, Miss Edmunds ; several places in
North Wales and the lake district ; Ingleborough, Yorkshire ; Kyloe
Craigs, Northumberland. Minto Craigs, Roxburgh ; Arthur's Seat
and Blackford Hill, Edinburgh ; Stenton Rock, near Dunkeld, Perth ;

FILICES. 139

Pass of Ballater ; near Inver, Aberdeenshire, on granite, though in
Scotland it is elsewhere found on trap rocks facing the south.

England, Scotland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Fronds (including the stipes) 2 to 7 inches high ; segments from
h to I inch long by yL to £ long, tapering so insensibly downwards
that it is difficult to say where the lamina ends and the stalk begins.
In large examples the fronds divide into two stalked portions making
an acute angle with each other, and these again divide in a similar
manner ; but in small specimens they fork only once, and occasionally
do not fork at all.

Forked Spleenwort.

GENUS XIV.-Q E T E R A C H . Willd.

Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, tufted, subcoriaceous,
pinnatifid, densely clothed beneath with imbricated ovate sub-
cordate scales, which are at first silvery, afterwards pale reddish-
brown. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, containing 2 vascular
bundles which unite upwards and give a 4-lobed section in the centre
of the stipes. Veins forked, the ultimate ones more or less anasto-
mosing. Scales clathrate, composed of short cells, with thickened
boundaries. Sori linear, attached along the side of the veins. Indu-
sium absent, or rudimentary and attached along the vein.

Name from Chetherak, a name applied to some fern used by the Arabian and
Persian physicians.

SPECIES I. -CETERACH OFFICINARUM.

Plate 1883.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Essicc. No. 12.

Asplenium Ceterach, Linn. Sp. PI. 1538. Hook. & Bak. Syn. Ml. ed. ii. p. 245. Hook.

fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 493.
Grammites Ceterach, Schwartz. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 974.
Scolopendrium Ceterach, Symons. Smith, Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1244 ; and Eng. Fl.

Vol. IV. p. 315.
Gymnogramme Ceterach, Spreng. Ledebour, Fl. Ross. Vol. IV. p. 507.
Notolepium Ceterach, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 9, and ed. iii. p. 278 ; and

Phytol. 1851, App. p. v.

Caudex short, dividing into several closely packed crowns. Fronds
numerous from each crown, spreading. Stipes short, from 1 to \
the length of the lamina, rarely more than half the length of the
lamina, thickly clothed with lanceolate or ovate acuminated scales at

T 2

140 ENGLISH BOTANY.

first silvery tinged with brown, afterwards wholly brown. Lamina
coriaceous, evergreen, glabrous above except for a few scattered hairs
on the rachis, densely clothed beneath with imbricated broadly lanceo-
late scales which are at first silvery and afterwards pale rusty brown,
strapshaped, tapering towards the base and apex, pinnate or very
deeply pinnatipartite ; pinnae adnate by the whole of their broad base,
broadly ovate-oval or ovate-oblong, entire or crenate. Venules
anastomosing towards the margins of the pinnae. Sori oblong, attached
to the venules above their first fork. Indusium rudimentary, repre-
sented only by an elevated ridge extending the length of the sorus.
Sori muricated, with numerous rather large acute tubercles.

Yar. a. genuina.
Pinnae broadly ovate-oval, entire or nearly so.

Yar. /3. crenatum. Milde.

Pinnae oval-oblong, coarsely crenate ; plant usually considerably
larger than in var. a.

On walls and rocks, local but widely distributed over England.
Most frequent in the south-west and west of England. Scarce in the
midland counties and rare in the eastern. Very scarce in Scotland,
though it extends north to the counties of Argyle and Perth. Frequent
but local in Ireland, and most abundant towards the west. Var. /?
rare. I have wild specimens only from Ingleborougb, but it is
reported from many stations, particularly in the west of Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Fronds including the stipes from H to 6 inches long by f to §
broad, deep rich green with a slightly glaucous tinge, not shining.
The pinnae more or less connected at the base, at least towards the
apex of the frond. Scales dentate at the margin, thin, distinctly
clathrate, their network with large meshes. Sori at first hidden
beneath the scales which clothe the under surface of the frond, but
ultimately appearing conspicuously through them.

Var. /3 is a considerably larger plant, sometimes 8 or 9 inches long
by If to 2 inches broad, with the pinna? longer and crenate or lobato-
crenate at the margins, indeed it approaches somewhat in size to
C. aureum, found in the Canary Isles and Madeira, but this has the
rachis at first densely scaly above as well as beneath, the indusium
more developed, and the spaces of the network of the scales marked
with striae ; the pinnae, moreover, are entirely repand, not lobato-
crenate.

Common Scale-fern.

FILICES. 141

GENUS AT.-S COLOPENDRIUM. Smith.

Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, tufted, subcoriaceous,
simple entire or lobed. Stipes not articulated to the caudex. Veins
forked, free. Scales clathrate, composed of oblong cells with thickened
boundaries as in all the true Asplenia. Sori linear, attached along
the side of the veins, approximated in pairs, the anteriorly placed
sorus of one vein being so close to the posterior sorus of the next vein
above it, that the two appear to form but a single sorus. Indusium
linear, attached along the vein, and from their approximation each
pair resembles a single indusium, opening down the middle of the
compound sorus.

Name from Scolopendra, a centipede, the sori being supposed to resemble the legs of
the animal.

SPECIES I.-SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE. Symons.

Plate 1884.

BabenJi. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 31.

S. officinarum, Sicartz. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Koch, Syn. El. Germ, et

Helv. ed. ii. p. 984. BabenJi. 1. c. No. 31.
S. officinale, DC. Willi. & Lange, Prod. El. Hisp. Vol. I. p. 5.
S. Phyllitis, Both, Fl. Germ. Vol. III. p. 47.
Phyllitis Scolopendrium, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii p. 10, and ed. iii. p. 272 ; and

Phytol. 1851, App. vi.
Asplenium Scolopendrium, Linn. Spec. Plant. No. 1537.

Caudex thick, dividing into numerous crowns. Fronds several from
each crown, ascending, arching backwards or pendulous when large.
Stipes short, -J to \ the length of the lamina, purplish-brown, clothed
with partially deciduous scales ; scales at the very base of the stipes
broadly lanceolate acute or acuminate, those higher up much smaller
and narrower, glandulose ciliate at the base, with long hair-like
points ; upper ones and those on the rachis longer and still more
resembling woolly hairs ; all of them at first silvery white, ulti-
mately rust-coloured. Lamina coriaceous, evergreen, shining and
glabrous above, paler and with hair-like mostly deciduous scales
beneath, strapshaped or elliptical-strapshaped or oblong-strapshaped,
tapering slightly to the base, which is cordate or rarely sagittate,
tapering towards the apex, which is acute or acuminate, entire
or repand, rarely crenate-lobed. Veins forking, a few of them
sometimes anastomosing. Rachis more or less purplish-brown in the
lower portion beneath, with scattered hair-like scales beneath. Sori

142 ENGLISH BOTANY.

linear, usually equidistant from the midrib and the margin of the
frond ; the two portions of the compound sorus wholly coalescent.
Spores muricated, with numerous prominent acute tubercles.

On rocks and hedgebanks, and in woods, frequent and generally
distributed in lowland districts, more rare in Scotland, but extending
to Orkney and Shetland. Frequent in Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Very variable in size and in the length of the lamina, generally
speaking the larger the lamina the longer in proportion is the stipes.
Of the lamina I have specimens from 4 inches long by \ inch wide ;
10 inches long by 3 inches wide; 17 inches long by 3£ inches wide ;
and 2 feet long by 2 \ inches wide. These dimensions will show
that there is a great want of regularity in the length and breadth of
the fronds. Frequently the fronds are more or less undulated and
sometimes crisped at the margins, but the latter seldom occurs
without the sori being more or less abnormal, often short, sometimes
few in number or even absent altogether.

This is one of the Ferns which are the special delight of fern-growers,
from the number of remarkable monstrosities which occur. Some-
times the stipes is branched, sometimes the frond is divided into two
or more divisions towards the base, but more frequently it is multifid
at the apex ; sometimes it is deeply lobed along the margin, with the
lobes deeply crenate or incised ; sometimes it is extremely short and
almost reniform ; sometimes there are a number of short reniform
divisions ; sometimes the sori are abbreviated near the margins ;
sometimes they are quite marginal, or even appear on the upper
surface. Many of these monstrous forms can be reproduced from
spores, and sometimes it is said that when part of the frond is normal
and part abnormal, the spores on the normal part produce normal
plants and vice versa.

Hari s-tongue Fern.

Tribe V.— BLECHNE^E.

Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which
is not articulated to the caudex and does not separate from it. Sori
medial, oblong or linear, straight or flexuous, continuous or more
rarely separate, attached to the side of a vein which is parallel to the
midrib and margin of the frond or segment, which is flat, or with its
margins reflexed over the sori. Indusium attached longitudinally to
the veins, or absent.

FILICES. 143

GENUS XVI.— I* OMAKIA. Willd.

Fronds produced from the apex of the caudex, which is frequently
elongated and woody, tufted, rarely solitary, dimorphous, the female
or fertile ones contracted. Stipes not articulated to the caudex, veins
of the sterile frond forked, free, those of the fertile frond anasto-
mosing so as to form a continuous flexuous vein on each side of the
midrib, and parallel to the margin of the segment. Sori linear,
continuous, attached to the inner side of the above-mentioned vein,
concealed by the reflexed margin of the frond. Indusium attached
along the vein which bears the sori, opening towards the midrib.

Name from AS/xa (loma), a margin or border, from the reflexed margin of the frond.

SPECIES L— L OMARIA SPICANT. Demaux.

Plate 1885.

Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 91.
L. borealis, Link, Hort. Berol. Vol. II. p. 80.
Blechnum Spicant, Both. Moore, Nat. Print. Brit. Ferns, 8vo. ed. Vol. II. p. 211.

Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. iii. p. 17. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 83. Koch,

Syn. FL Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 981. Gren. & Godr. Fl. Fr. Vol. III. p. 639.

Babenh. 1. c. No. 91.
B. boreale; Sicartz. Sm. Eng. Bot. ed. i. No. 1159 ; Eng. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 316. Bab.

Man. Brit. Bot. ed. vii. p. 453.
Osmunda Spicant, Linn. Spec. Plant. No. 1522.

Caudex short, thick, divided into numerous short branches or scaly
crowns ; scales subulate, acuminated into long slender points, dentate.
Fronds of two kinds, many produced from each crown. Barren
fronds spreading. Stipes short, one- twelfth to one-third the length of
the lamina, with numerous scales at the base, and a few narrower de-
ciduous ones above, purplish-brown. Lamina strapshaped, attenuated
towards the base and apex or elliptical-linear, dark green above, paler
beneath, coriaceous, glabrous, evergreen, pinnatipartite ; segments
strapshaped or linear, falcate, contiguous, adherent by their whole
base, obtuse and apiculate, each with a midrib giving off veins which
are once-forked and do not anastomose. Rachis green and channelled
above, brown in the lower portion beneath. Fertile fronds longer than
the barren ones from the same caudex, erect, with a stipes from one-
third the length of to as long as the lamina. Lamina strapshaped,
attenuated towards the base and apex, coriaceous, perishing in
autumn, pectinate-pinnate or pectinate-pinnatipartite : segments
distant, linear, contracted, with dilated bases adnate to the rachis,

144 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

acute, with the margins revolute, each with a central mid-vein, which
gives off venules which anastomose so as to form a flexuose vein on each
side of the mid- vein and parallel to it, between which and the margins
of the segments the venules are free. Rachis purplish-brown. Sori
linear, attached to the longitudinal vein formed by the anastomoses
of the venules, covering the whole under surface of the segments
except the apex. Indusium linear, continuous. Spores faintly tuber-
culate, with a few small blunt tubercles.

On heaths, hedgebanks, and woods, common and generally distri-
buted, except in chalky or limestone districts.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.

Barren fronds, including the stipes, 6 inches to 2 feet long, but
most commonly 12 to 15 inches by 1 to 2 inches broad or more ;
fertile fronds 1 to 3 feet high rising from the centre of the spreading
sterile fronds. Like Scolopendrium vulgare, the present species
produces numerous monstrous forms much prized by fern-growers.
Most of these variations take place in the barren frond, although in
some cases the fertile frond is also divided.

Hurd Fern.

Tribe VL— PTERID^E.

Rootstock velvety, extensively creeping, growing in advance of
the fronds, the stipes of which is not articulated to the rootstock and
does not separate from it. Sori marginal, linear, straight, continuous,
attached to a vein which is parallel to the midrib and margin of the
frond or segment, which is reflexed over the sorus, and has the
margins cut into capillary segments, forming an accessory indusium ;
true indusium attached to the vein within the sorus, membranous,
fringed.

GENUS XVII.— V T E R I S. Linn.

Rhizome velvety, growing in advance of the fronds. Fronds soli-
tary, decompound, their stipes not articulated to the rootstock and
not separating from it. Veins not anastomosing, but having their
apices connected by a marginal vein. Sori marginal, linear, straight,
continuous, attached to a vein which is parallel to the reflexed margin,
lying between two membranes of which the inner one is the smaller
and sometimes absent, though it is probable that it represents the

FILICES. 145

true indusium, while the outer seems to be a prolongation of the
epidermis of the margin of the frond.

The above description is applicable only to the genus Paesia of
St. Hilaire, which appears to be the oldest name for the group con-
taining the Brake-fern, which is almost cosmopolitan, and surely
better deserves to retain the name of Pteris than any of the others
which have been left in the genus by those who have broken it up :
even those authors who include the Brake-fern in .the genus Pteris
admit that in habit of growth and indusium it differs not only from
the genus, but also from the group Pterideaa. I have therefore
retained the name Pteris, thinking that it is rather the less familiar
species which do not agree with it that should be removed.

Name from ■nrepi<; (pteris), a Fern.

SPECIES I.-P TERIS AQUILINA. Linn.

Plate 1886.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Exsicc. No. 122.

Paesia aquilina, Moore, Gard. Ckron. 1858, p. 878.

Ornitkopteris aquilina, John Smith, Hist. Fil. p. 298.

Eupteris aquilina, Newm. Phytol. 1845, 277, and 1851, App. iii. ; Hist. Brit. Ferns,

ed. iii. p. 23.
Allosorus aquilinus, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 153.

Rootstock buried, creeping, clothed with very short brown to-
mentum ; its apex growing in advance of the fronds. Fronds soli-
tary, distant. Stipes elongate, often as long as or longer than the
lamina, dark and tomentose below ground like the caudex, green or
straw-coloured and channelled above ground, at first with hair-like
scales, ultimately glabrous. Lamina coriaceous, perishing in autumn,
light green and generally glabrous above, more or less densely
pubescent beneath, bending backwards from the erect stipes, deltoid-
ovate or triangular-ovate, tripinnate or bipinnate ; ultimate pinnae
triangular-strapshaped, entire or crenate or pinnatifid. Indusium
double, ciliated at the margin, the inner one sometimes wanting.

In heaths and woods, very common, and generally distributed.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Rootstock extensively creeping, as thick as the little finger.
Fronds variable in size, sometimes not more than a foot high in-
cluding the stipes, but commonly 3 or 4 feet, and not unfrequently
6 or 7 ; according to Mr. Moore, they reach 10 or 12 feet or even
more in some cases. The smaller the frond, the more deltoid and less

VOL. XII. u

146 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

divided is the lamina. In the thick stipes the vascular bundle is
very conspicuous, and has been fancied to represent a spread eagle ;
whence the name ' aquilina.' Others have seen in it a resemblance
to an oak-tree, and the section is spoken of as ' King Charles in
the oak.'

Mr. Francis Darwin has observed glands secreting nectar at the
base of the branches of the rachis ; these glands cease to secrete
when the frond is mature (Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. ii. p. 407).

Mr. Moore distinguishes a variety integerrima, in which the
secondary pinnules instead of being deeply pinnatifid are nearly
entire, but this seems to be the effect of growing in poor soil.

Seedling plants have the frond much thinner in texture, and the
ultimate pinnules roundish-ovate and crenate ; and the same form of
the plant has been found on walls.

Pt. aquilina is remarkable for the rudimentary state of the
lamina when the fronds first emerge from the ground, but the
after development is very rapid.

Bracken or Brake-Fern or Common Brakes.

Tribe YII.— ADIANTEJE.

Caudex not growing in advance of the fronds, the stipes of which
is not articulated to the caudex and does not separate from it. Sori
punctiform or transversely oblong, on the apex of the veins upon a
portion of the frond which is bent over, forming a false indusium,
with the sori on the inner surface, but there is no true indusium.

GENUS X VIII.— & D I A N T U M . Lin

n.

Fronds produced near the apex of the rootstock, approximate or
distant, coriaceous or herbaceous, simple pinnate or decompound ;
ultimate pinnules or segments commonly without a midrib or with
a very eccentric one. Veins forked, free. Sporangia attached to
the extremity of the veins on the renexed flaps of the margins of
the frond, which form false indusia.

Xame from aZiavTov (adianton), a plant called Maidenhair.

SPECIES I.-ADIANTUM CAPILLUS - VENERIS. Linn.

Plate 1887.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Expicc. No. 11.

Rootstock creeping, rather slender, densely scaly; scales yellowish,
subulate, acuminated into slender points. Fronds subsolitary. Stipes

FILICES. 147

usually about as long as the lamina, slender, wiry, purplish-black,
furnished at the base with a tuft of very narrowly-linear scales
acuminated into slender points. Lamina submembranous, trans-
lucent, pea-green, dim, glabrous, rhombic-ovate or rhombic-lanceolate
or triangular-ovate or oblong, bipinnate or tripinnate, at least below ;
ultimate pinnules shortly-stalked, obovate or reniform or oblanceolate
or lunate, inversely deltoid or wedgeshaped or subtruncate at the
base, more or less deeply inciso-crenate or palmatifid. Sori trans-
versely oblong or transversely strapshaped, more or less curved, with
the convexity of the curve pointing towards the base of the pinnae.
General and partial rachides capillary, purplish-black.

On the faces of cliffs, on limestone rocks, and in caves, usually
near the sea, and high, ascending to a height of 800 feet or more in
the south-west of Ireland. Rare and very local. Near St. Ives, Pen-
zance, and other places in Cornwall ; in several places about Ilfra-
combe ; Torquay, Mr. W. A. Hayne ; and near Berry Head, Devon ;
" Dorsetshire, Miss Payne," Wats. ; Coombe Down, near Bath, Mr. E.
J. Low ; Dunraven, and Barry Island, and East Aberthaw, Glamorgan,
said to have occurred near Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, but doubtless
this is an error ; also in Arran, from confounding Clyde and Galway
Islands. Glenmeay, Isle of Man. In the west of Ireland in several
places, between Tralee and Dingle, co. Kerry ; several places in co.
Clare, Isle of Arran, Galway, and perhaps further northward in the
wTest of Ireland.

England, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Rootstock from the thickness of a crow-quill to that of a goose-
quill. Fronds variable in size, erect when small, drooping when large.
The smallest British specimens I have are from Ilfracombe, in which
the stipes is § inch long, the lamina 1 inch by J inch broad, and the
pinnules about ^ inch each way. Glamorganshire specimens have a
stipes 1 to 3 inches long, and a lamina from 2 by § inch to 6 inches
by 2 inches; while specimens from the Isle of Arran, Galway, sent
me by Dr. Perceval Wright, have the stipes as much as 9 inches long,
and a lamina 6 inches by 4 inches, and pinnules ^ to § long by §
broad. The pinnules are covered with a waxy bloom from which
water rolls off in drops without wetting the surface — hence the name
of the genus.

There is a good deal of variation both in the shape and in the
degree of incision of the pinnules ; but they vary to a considerable
extent, even on fronds from the same caudex.

Maidenhair.

v 2

148 ENGLISH BOTANY.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.
ASPLENIUM REFRACTUM. Moore.

A. fontanum, var. Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 70.

A. ebeneum, Ait. Var. refractum, Lowe, Our Native Ferns, Vol. II. p. 169.

" Fronds linear, subbipinnate. Pinnas short, oblong, obtuse, re-
fracted, pinnate at the base, pinnatifid above. Pinnules (the lowest
anterior one only distinct, the rest more or less confluent) roundish,
with a few coarse angular mucronate teeth, the upper two four-
toothed, the lower ones overlapping. Sori short, oblong-oblique, in
a line on each side near the costa of the pinnae. Raehis chestnut-
coloured, marginate above, not winged, bulbil-bearing." Moore,
'Nat. Print Brit. Ferns,' 8vo. ed. vol. ii. p. 66.

This plant is known only in cultivation. First seen in 1851 by
Mr. T. Moore, from the gardens at Peper-Harrow Park, Surrey.
Afterwards exhibited by Mr. Parker, nurseryman, Hornsey.

" These plants being reported by Mr. Williams, then of Hoddesdon,
to have been received by him a few years previously as A. viride,
from a gardener whose friend, named Filden, who it appears died soon
after the occurrence, had found them in Scotland and sent three
roots." — Moore.

Judging from Mr. Moore's description and the figure in Lowe's
' Native Ferns,' vol. ii. pi. xlii., I believe this to be a distinct species,
but the evidence that it occurred in Scotland is far too slight to
entitle it to a place in the ' British Flora.'

LOMARIA ALPINA. Sprmg.

A plant of the temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere, which
was reported to have been found by a lady "in the crevices of an
old stone wall, by the side of a mountain torrent, not far from Loch
Tay, Perthshire, Scotland, June, 1856." Mr. Gr. B. Wollaston, in
' Phytologist,' series ii. 1859, p. 157. Doubtless an error.

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS. Linn.

A North American plant, which has escaped from cultivation or
been planted in a few localities. Seen by Mr. H. Baines "in a lane
at Moreby, near York, now extinct ?" Suppl. Fl. Yorksh. p. 144, and
Phytol. vol. i. p. 453. Also naturalised near Warrington, Lancashire ;
Mr. Borrer writes concerning it, " Onoclea sensibilis was thriving

EQUISETACE.E. 149

over a considerable space of boggy ground, planted as a nursery with
young poplars. He (Mr. Wilson) told me that a botanical garden
formerly existed there." Phytol. 1846, vol. ii. p. 432. Mr. Samuel
Grilson, in 1843, speaks of it as growing " in an old stone quarry
near Warrington." This fern was found " in the above locality by
John Roby, Esq., of Rochdale." Phytol. vol. i. p. 492.

ORDER XCY.-EQUISETACEiE.

Perennial herbs with subterraneous creeping rhizomes. Stems
cylindrical, jointed, hollow, usually with verticillate branches at the
top of each internode, rarely simple ; internodes terminated above by
a sheath ending in teeth (a whorl of connate leaves) which embraces
the base of the succeeding internode. Branches jointed and sheathed
similarly to the stem, sometimes absent. Sporangia opening by a
longitudinal cleft, arranged 6 to 9 in a circle on the inner side of
stalked peltate verticillate plates, which are arranged in an ovoid
or oblong terminal spike. Spores very numerous, minute, similar ;
each furnished with 4 filiform appendages (elaters) which spring
from one point and are thickened at the apex, at first rolled spirally
round the spore, but ultimately uncoiling ; the elaters are hygrometric.
uncoiling when dry and rolling round the spore when damp. Pro-
thallium green, flat, lobed, commonly dioecious, producing archegonia
and antheridia resembling those of Filices.

GEN US /.— E QUISETUM. Linn.

The only genus. Characters the same as the Order.

Name from equus, a horse, and seta, a bristle.

Section L— VERNALIA. A. Brawn.

Stems of two kinds. Sterile stems appearing after the fertile
stems, and perishing in winter, green or whitish, branched.
Stomata level with the surface. Sheaths with persistent teeth.
Branches in regular whorls, except in depauperate specimens, without
any central cavity. Fertile stems appearing in early spring, decaying
before summer shortly after the spike is matured, succulent, whitish,
ultimately brown or fawn-colour, without branches. Spike obtuse,
at first whitish, afterwards fawn-colour. Rarely a few fertile stems
are produced- after the sterile stems, and in that case they are thinner

150 ENGLISH BOTANY.

and less succulent than the normal fertile stems, and become whitish
or green, and ultimately produce whorls of branches similar to those
of the sterile stem, but shorter.

SPECIES I.— E QUISETUM MAXIMUM. Lam.

Plate 1888.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 99, 100.

E. Telmeteia, Ehrh. in Hanov. Magazine for 1873, p. 287. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et

Helv. ed. ii. Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. III. p. 643. Newm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii.

p. 67. Babenh. I.e.
E. eburneum, " Schreb." Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 59. Both, Cat. Vol. I. p. 129.
E. fluviatile, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2022 ; and Eug. Fl. Vol. IV. p. 337 ; et auct. Brit.

plur. ante 1843. Non Linn.

Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem stout,
cylindrical, with even or smooth 20 to 40 stria? scarcely observable
in the living plant, smooth or slightly rough in the upper part,
white. Sheaths applied to the stem, pale green with a pitchy-black
ring towards the apex ; teeth 20 to 40, free or some of them united
in pairs or threes, subulate, very acute, pitchy-black with brown
scarious margins. Branches very numerous, spreading or slightly
drooping in luxuriant specimens, scabrous, 4- or 5-quetrous, wTith the
ridges grooved and separated by rather shallow furrows, solid,
unbranched or rarely with one or more branchlets, their lowest
internodes falling short of the teeth of the sheath ; sheath enclosing
the base of the first internode of the branch, pitchy-black, with a pale
brown scarious apex, furnished with short rounded lobes ; sheaths
at the apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branches,
terminated by triangular or triangular-subulate teeth, which have
frequently setaceous points. Fertile stem short, very stout, succulent,
whitish, ultimately pale brown, smooth. Sheaths close together,
funnel-shaped, the lower ones overlapping each other, and even the
upper frequently showing but a small portion of the stem between
them, pale brown, darker towards the apex ; teeth 20 to 40, many of
them united into groups of 2 to 4, dark brown, subulate, not at all
connivent. Spike oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, pale brown. Occa-
sionally stems similar to the sterile stem, but terminated by a spike
like the fertile ones, appear in summer or autumn.

On the banks of ponds, rivers, and ditches, and on banks of loose
earth and quarry rubbish, also in damp woods and moist meadows,
even growing in water. Not uncommon, and generally distributed

EQUISETACE^E. 151

in England. Rare in Scotland, extending to Edinburgh on the east
side and Skye on the west ; reported also from Fife and Forfar, but
these counties require confirmation. Not unfrequent, and generally
distributed in Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Spring.

Rootstock creeping, about the thickness of a goose-quill, solid,
brownish-black, pubescent. Sterile stems erect, very variable in size,
but usually attaining to 2 or 3 feet, and not unfrequently even
4 or 5 ; and Mr. Sidebotham, in the ' Phytologist,' 1843, p. 649, says
that " in a wood below Arden Hall, Cheshire, it flourishes in a swamp
to the height of 6 or 7 feet." The stem is from the thickness of a
swan-quill to that of a man's finger, with very numerous sheaths, all
of which, except about 6 of the lowest, have whorls of branches at
their base. The lowest whorls are about lj inch apart or more,
closer together above, and quite approximate at the apex of the stem,
where the branches rapidly diminish in size. The colour is pale
bright-green, and the general form of the plant is cylindrical,
tapering towards the lower part, and blunt at the top. Fertile stems
4 inches to 1 foot high, about the thickness of a man's little finger,
tapering downwards at the base, with 7 to 18 sheaths, which are
placed so closely together that the lower part of the stem, and some-
times the whole stem, is concealed. I have, however, one specimen
from St. Mary's Church, Devon, in which the upper internodes are
2| inches long, while the sheath itself is only 1| inch. Spike 1\ to
3 inches long, ultimately pale brown.

The form of fertile stem (var. serotinum, A. Braun), which
resembles the barren one, is not a variety, but is due to certain
conditions of growth, and is not always developed from the same
plant. I have collected it myself at Haselmere, Surrey, and on the
de'bris of the under-cliff below Fairlight Glen, Hastings, where
I observed many examples of it in 1862 ; I have seen it also on the
cliffs east of Southend, Essex, and the under-cliif at Folkestone. The
Haselmere and Fairlight Glen specimens are 18 inches or 2 feet high,
terminated by a spike of 1 or 2 inches ; the rest of the stem is quite
like the ordinary sterile plant, except that the sheaths are widened
upwards, though not so much as in the sterile plant : but the
Folkestone and Southend specimens are 4 to 6 inches high, with
spikes J to 1 inch long, have the sheaths close together, much widened
upwards, and so bear a much greater resemblance to the ordinary
fertile stem, except in being furnished with branches.

If the rootstock be dug up at the time the sterile stern has reached
its full size, the buds of the fertile spikes may be observed near its
base, 1 J to 2 inches long, looking like small fir-cones from the over-
lapping of the teeth of the sheaths. These are developed in the
succeeding spring, about March, and disappear by May, at which time

152 ENGLISH BOTANY.

the fertile stems appear, and last till October or November; perhaps
if the female spikes are started into growth in the summer or autumn
they develop branches.

According to Milde, the sterile stem, terminated by a spike, is the
E. eburneum of Schreber.

Great Horsetail.

SPECIES II.— E QUISETUM ARVENSE. Linn.

Plate 1889.
Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Exsicc. Xos. 46, 47, and 48.

Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem rather
slender, with 6 to 19 furrows, slightly rough, especially in the upper
part, green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical, very slightly widened
upwards, pale green ; teeth 6 to 19, free or some of them united in
pairs or threes, triangular-subulate acute, concolorous or edged
with pale brown, with very narrow light brown scarious margins.
Branches numerous, rarely few, ascending or slightly drooping m
luxuriant specimens, usually 4-quetrous, with the ridges not grooved
and separated by very deep furrows and the angles not grooved, solid,
unbranched or rarely with a few branchlets, their lowest internode
exceeding the teeth of the stem-sheath between which it is pro-
duced ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch
pale brown or olive, dim, furnished with short roundish-ovate teeth
with narrow pale scarious margins ; sheaths at the apex of the first
and succeeding internodes of the branches terminated by as many
subulate teeth as there are angles on the branch. Fertile stem more
or less elongated, moderately stout, succulent, whitish or pale brown,
smooth. Sheaths rather distant, tubular-funnel-shaped, sulcate,
whitish at the base, brown towards the apex ; teeth 8 to 14, most
of them often united into groups of 2 or 3, dark brown, triangular-
subulate, often somewhat connivent. Spike cylindrical-oblong,
obtuse, pale brown. Rarely fertile stems are produced along with or
after the sterile stems, which are much firmer and greener than the
ordinary state, with pale green sheaths, and these generally ultimately
produce whorls of branches like those of the sterile stem, but often
with the first internode of the branch not exceeding the sheath below
which it is placed.

By roadsides and in waste places, and in cultivated ground, very
common, and generally distributed throughout the country.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Spring.

EQUISETACEJE. 153

Rootstock rather slender, solid, with oblong pubescent tuber-like
excrescences. Sterile stems erect, decumbent, or prostrate ; when erect
it is usually 1 to 2 feet high or even more, and frequently terminates in
a long portion bare of branches, and is about the thickness of a crow-
quill in the lower part, which commences to branch at the extremity
of the 5th to the 14th internode, but usually about the 8th from the
base. The colour is rather dull green, and the general form some-
what pyramidal or cylindrical, tapering from about the middle
upwards. When growing in cultivated land a great number of
decumbent or prostrate stems are produced, with long branches
generally few in each whorl. In the form named alpestre, by
Wahlenberg, which grows at Micklefell, Teesdale, the sterile stem is
short, 2 to 3 inches, prostrate, with an ascending terminal point and
subsecund branches. I have seen a similar form on the shores of
Loch Leven.

The fertile stem is 4 inches to 1 foot high, with 4 to 8 sheaths.
The spike is § to 1^ inches long.

The fertile form, which afterwards throws out branches, appears to
be much rarer in E. arvense than in E. maximum. I collected in
September, 1838, by the side of Gartmorn Dam, near Alloa, Clack-
mannanshire, a fertile form, with a few branches at the base, which
resembles the form called E. riparium by Fries, but its sterile stems
are more branched. In 1874 a good many late fertile stems came
up at Balmuto in the month of June ; at first they were quite
unbranched, but distinguishable by their green colour and faintly
ribbed surface ; their sheaths were green, less deeply sulcate than
those of the ordinary fertile form. Most of these I gathered and
dried as specimens. I do not know whether they would all have
produced branches or not, but in July I found in the same place
several specimens with developed branches, sometimes in complete
whorls, but generally only 2 or 3 ; since that year only the ordinary
forms of fertile and barren fronds have appeared. This form, when
fully developed, is the var. campestre of C. F. Schultz, and the var.
serotinum of F. W. Meyer ; but I believe it to be only an accidental
variation, not a variety.

Com Horsetail.

Section II.— SUBVEKNALIA. A. Braun.

Stems of two kinds. Sterile stems appearing at the same time as
the fertile stems, or shortly after them, and perishing in winter,
green or whitish, branched. Stomata level with the surface. Sheaths
with persistent teeth. Branches in regular whorls, without any
central cavity. Fertile stems appearing in spring, and remaining
until autumn ; at first somewhat succulent, whitish or fawn-coloured,

VOL. XII. x

154 ENGLISH BOTANY.

and without branches ; but after the spike is matured becoming
firmer, white or greenish, and emitting whorls of branches similar to
those of the sterile spikes, but shorter. Spike obtuse, at first greenish-
white, afterwards fawn-colour.

SPECIES III.— E Q U I S E T U M PRATENSE. Ehrh.

Plate 1890.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 41, 42.

E. umbrosum, Meyer, in Willd. Sp. PI. Vol. V. p. 3. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv.

ed. ii. p. 965. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 599. Newm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii.

p. 63.
E. Ekrharti, Meyer, Chlor. Hanov. p. 666.
E. amphibolium, Betz, Fl. Scand. sapp. 2, p. 602 (teste Koch).
E. Drnniniondii, HooTc. E. B. S. No. 2777.
E. sylvaticum, (3. minus, Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. p. 689, nnp.

Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem slender,
with 8 to 20 furrows, rather rough, green. Sheaths shortly funnel-
shaped, pale green, sometimes with a pitchy-brown ring at the apex ;
teeth 6 to 19, usually free, rarely some of them united in pairs or
threes, very narrowly triangular, hyaline with the exception of
a brown central firm rib, which is generally excurrent in a small
mucro, but sometimes does not reach the apex. Branches numerous,
usually 3-quetrous, with the ridges not grooved, and separated by
very deep furrows, solid, unbranched or rarely with a few branchlets,
their lowest internode shorter than the teeth of the stem-sheath below
which it is produced in the lower whorls, but equalling or exceeding
them in the upper whorls ; sheath enclosing the base of the first
internode of the branch brown, mostly wholly scarious towards the
apex, furnished with short rounded lobes ; sheaths at the apex of the
first and succeeding internodes of the branches, terminated by deltoid
blunt teeth. Fertile stem rather short, rather stout, at first slightly
succulent and reddish-white or very pale fawn-colour, ultimately
firm and green, slightly scabrous. Sheaths approximate, the lowTer
ones tubular-funnel-shaped and the upper funnel-shaped, sulcate, wrhite
with a dark reddish-brown ring at the apex ; teeth 8 to 20, subulate,
almost wholly scarious, some of them occasionally united into groups
of 2 or 3, pale brown, with hyaline margins and a brown central
firm rib as in the sheaths of the sterile stem. Branches absent until
the fertile stem has attained nearly its full height, when they begin
to appear; they are similar to those of the barren stem, but always

1

EQUISETACE^E. 155

shorter, generally much shorter. Spike oblong-fusiform, obtuse, at
first greenish-white, afterwards fawn-colour. *

In pastures, especially by the sides of streams, and on shady banks
and in woods. Local and rather rare, extending from TVestmoreland
(or perhaps Lancashire) and Yorkshire to Lanark, Stirling, Perth,
Banff and Caithness. Local in Ireland, and confined to the North ;
most plentiful in the mountain glens of Antrim.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Spring and

early Summer.

Rootstock slender, without tubers. Sterile stem from the thickness
of a stocking- wire to that of a crow-quill ; usually 9 to 18 inches
high. Plant pale green, somewhat cylindrical, usually blunt-topped,
sometimes bending over at the apex, with the branches spreading or
drooping and slightly arching, occasionally somewhat secund. Fertile
stem appearing in April or the beginning of May, 4 to 14 inches
high. The sheaths are wider, the higher they are placed on the stem.
Spike J to | inch long.

A very distinct species, though the barren stems are sometimes
mistaken for those of E. arvense, but the teeth of the sheaths are
very different, being entirely transparent except the thickened central
rib. The branches are generally triquetrous, not usually tetra-
quetrous as in E. arvense ; the first internode of the branch rarely
reaches even to the base of the teeth of the stem-sheath below which
it springs ; while in E. arvense it generally exceeds, and always
attains, the level of the apex of the teeth. The little sheaths from
which the branches spring are distinctly toothed in E. arvense, which
is not the case in E. pratense ; and this latter has the teeth of the
sheaths of the branches very obtuse, while they are acute in
E. arvense. The fertile stems are not likely to be mistaken, the
sheaths are so different ; those of E. arvense have the central rib
furrowed on the back, and the teeth with very narrow scarious
margins, while in E. pratense the central rib has no furrow on the
back, and except a small projection at the base, from which the rib
springs, they are wholly scarious.

The fertile stems of E. pratense are to be compared with those
occasionally found in E. maximum and E. arvense which ultimately
produce branches. E. pratense has never, so far as I know, any form
of fertile stem analogous to the ordinary fertile steins of E. maximum
and E. arvense.

Blunt-topped Horsetail.

156 ENGLISH BOTANY.

SPECIES IV.— E Q Ul S E T U M SYLVATICUM. Urn.

Plate 1891.
Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 43.

Stems of two kinds, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem rather
slender, with 10 to 18 furrows, separated by ridges, usually furnished
with lines of minute spreading bristle-like processes which are longest
immediately beneath the sheaths, or rarely nearly smooth, pale green.
Sheaths cylindrical, green, reddish-brown at the apex ; teeth 10 to 18,
generally combined into 3 or 4 obtuse hooded lobes, rarely any of
them free, linear-subulate, reddish-brown or more rarely pitchy-
brown, scarious, with the exception of a concolorous firm central rib,
which reaches to the tip, but is not excurrent. Branches very
numerous, usually tetraquetrous, with the ridges faintly grooved
and separated by very deep furrows, solid, much branched, their
lowest internode is sometimes shorter than the teeth of the stem-
sheath below which it is produced, but exceeding them in the upper
whorls ; sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the
branch olive, scarious and reddish-brown at the apex, furnished
with long triangular acute teeth ; sheath at the apex of the first and
succeeding internodes terminated by subulate very acute teeth.
Branchlets trigonous, their sheaths with very long subulate teeth
curving away from the branchlet. Fertile stem elongate, rather
stout, at first somewhat succulent and pale fawn-colour, ultimately
firm and pale green, less deeply striated and smoother than in the
barren stem. Sheaths rather distant, loose longly cylindrical, con-
tracted at the apex, their teeth collected into a few blunt much-
hooded lobes, marked with lines indicating the midribs of the teeth,
striate, but scarcely sulcate even at the base. Branches absent
until the fertile stem has attained nearly its full height, when they
begin to appear ; they are similar to those of the barren stem, but
usually, though not always, shorter. Spike oblong-cylindrical or
oblong-fusiform, at first greenish-white, afterwards fawn-colour.

In moist woods and by the sides of streams, roadsides, and waste
places, and on heaths. Rather common and generally distributed
throughout England and Scotland, extending to Orkney and Shetland.
Not infrequent throughout Ireland.

England, Scotland. Ireland. Perennial. Spring and early

Summer.

EQUISETACEJE. 157

Rootstock rather slender, angular, with a ring of open tubes
running through it, producing brown acuminated tubers. Stems
usually 1 foot to 18 inches high, and rarely exceeding 2 feet ;
remarkable for the lines of bristle-like projections on the ridges of the
stem; these bristles vary much in length, and sometimes are alto-
gether absent ; I have specimens from Kingcansie, Kincardineshire,
and Cullalo, Fifeshire, in which they are wanting, but differ in no
other respect from the ordinary form. The plant is bright green, the
form somewhat pyramidal from where the branches begin, which is
at about the 6th to the 8th internode ; the branches are always
arched and drooping, and the top of the stem is also drooping and
secund. The fertile stems are at first from 9 to 15 inches high, and
at that time are succulent and terminated by a spike § to 1J inch
long ; afterwards the branches begin to appear, and are short and
recurved ; the stem continues to lengthen, to become firmer, and the
branches to increase in size, the spike withers away ; and ultimately
the fertile frond is distinguishable from the barren one mainly by its
being truncate at the top, where usually the withered remains of the
spike may be found. The fertile stem is generally smooth, and the
first internode of the branches shorter than the stem-sheath below
which it is produced.

A well-marked species, from its compound drooping branches, and
sheaths with the teeth combined so as to appear lacerate rather than
toothed.

Wood Horsetail.

Section III.— .ESTIT ALIA. A. Braun.

Stems all similar, or nearly so, perishing in winter, green or
whitish, smooth to the touch or nearly so, branched. Stomata level
with the surface. Sheaths with persistent teeth. Branches in regular
whorls, except in depauperate specimens, with a central cavity ;
rarely the branches are absent. Fertile stems differing from the
sterile ones only in being terminated by a spike, which is perfected in
summer. Spike blunt or rarely slightly apiculate, usually black or
dark brown.

SPECIES Y.—E Q U I S E T U M PALUSTRE. Linn.

Plate 1892.
Rabenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Essicc. Nos. 69, 70, 71.

Stems all similar, perishing in autumn. Sterile stein rather slender
or with 5 to 12 furrows, which are rather shallow in the living plant,
but become deeper in dried specimens, separated by ridges which

158 ENGLISH BOTANY.

are not grooved, slightly rough, green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical-
funnel-shaped, green, often pitchy-brown towards the apex ; teeth
5 to 12, mostly free, or more rarely some of them united in pairs or
threes, narrowly triangular, acute, dark brown or pitchy-black, with
very broad pure white hyaline margins. Branches usually in whorls,
but sometimes only 1 or 2 from a node, and sometimes wholly absent,
generally 5-angular, but varying from 4- to 7-angular, with the ridges
separated by very shallow furrows, hollow, unbranched, their lowest
internode much shorter than the teeth of the stem-sheath below which
it is produced, and indeed reduced to little more than a sheath ;
sheath enclosing the base of the first internode of the branch pitchy-
brown or nearly black, shining, with deltoid-ovate obtuse teetH
having very narrow pale brown or whitish scarious margins ; sheath
at the apex of the first internode terminated by deltoid-ovate blunt
teeth ; teeth of the succeeding internodes ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
with a weak mucro. Fertile stem differing from the sterile one only
in being terminated by a spike which is ovoid-oblong or cylindrical-
oblong, obtuse, pitchy-black.

In bogs and marshes, and on the shores of lakes and ponds and on
wet rocks. Common and generally distributed throughout England
and Scotland, extending to Orkney and Shetland ; frequent through-
out Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

A very variable plant. The commonest form has erect stems,
1 foot high or more, but the length of the stem varies from a few
inches to 2 feet. The plant is of a rather dull green, and is narrowly
pyramidal when branched. When unbranched it is the var. nudum
of Duby, but unbranched stems may be seen springing from the
same rootstock as branched ones. The stems grow more in tufts
than in any of the preceding species, and in this respect resemble the
Equiseta hyemalia. Frequently the stem is decumbent or prostrate
and without branches, when it is the var. nudum of Newman (' Brit.
Ferns,' ed. ii. p. 49), but not of Duby, the var. alpinum of Hooker,
and var. subnudum of the London Catalogue of British Plants ; but
this appears to be merely a starved state of the plant. The spike
is I to f inch long, and is produced in June or July.

An extraordinary state of the fertile stem, in which 1 or more of
the upper branches are terminated by spikes, has received the name
of var. polystachyum ; but this is evidently a monstrosity rather than
a variety. Yery often the main central stem has been accidentally
injured, so that there is no spike at its apex ; but specimens occur

EQUISETACE.E. 15£

^icti have not only a spike on the main stem, but also minute ones-
on the branches, which are much elongated.

The barren fronds of E. palustre are much like those of E. arvense,
but may be readily distinguished by the teeth of the stem-sheaths
being darker, and with a broader white margin ; by the minute
sheaths from which the branches spring being pitchy-brown or black
and shining ; by the branches being hollow and most commonly
5-angled, and with the faces between the angles not excavated into
deep grooves ; by the teeth of the sheaths of the branches being much
shorter and sulcate ; and above all, by the first internode of the
branches being extremely short, rarely reaching even to the base of
the teeth of the stem-sheath, while in E. arvense it almost always
exceeds the apex of the teeth of the stem-sheath.

Marsh Horsetail.

SPECIES VI.— E Q U I S E T U M LI MO SUM. Smith.

Plate 1893.

E. fluviatile (Linn.'), Neicm. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. p. 51. Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl. ed. xi.
p. 548. Non Sm.

Stems all similar, perishing in autumn. Sterile stem stout, rarely
rather slender, not furrowed when fresh, but with 10 to 25 faint
stria? (which are more consjncuous in the dried plant), smooth, green.
Sheaths shortly cylindrical or funnel-shaped-cylindrical, green, often
pitchy-black towards the apex ; teeth 10 to 25, mostly free, but
sometimes united in pairs or threes, narrowly triangular or triangular-
subulate, acute, usually pitchy-black or at least tipped with that
colour, with very narrow pale brown scarious margins. Branches
usually in whorls, but sometimes only 1 or 2 from a node, and often
wholly absent, generally 4-angular but sometimes 5- to 6-angled, with
the ridges separated by very shallow furrows, hollow, unbranched,
their lowest internode shorter than the teeth of the sheath-stem
below which it is produced; sheath enclosing the base of the first
internode of the branch pitchy -brown or olive, dim with deltoid-ovate
subacute teeth, without whitish margins ; sheath at the apex of the
first internode terminated by triangular-acute teeth, and those of the
succeeding internodes with subulate very acute teeth. Fertile stem
differing from the sterile one only in being terminated by a spike
which is oval-ovoid or ovoid-oblong, obtuse, pitchy-black or pitchy-
brown.

160 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Var. a. genuinum.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. No. 74.

E. limosum, Linn. Spec. Plant, p. 1517. Fries, Sunim. Veg. Scant!, p. 59.

E. limosum, var. Linnseanum, Doll; Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 227.

Stem unbranched, or with a few irregular solitary or subsolitary
branches.

Var. /3. jiuviatile.

Babenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 75 and 124.

E. fluviatile, Linn. Spec. Pant. No. 1517. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 59. Non

Smith.
E. limosum, var. verticillatum, Doll ; Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 227.

Stem with regular whorls of branches. Stem stouter than in
var. a, and when barren with a longer point.

In lakes, ponds, and ditches, growing in the water, or rarely in
wet places out of water. Frequent and generally distributed
throughout England and Scotland, extending to Orkney and Shetland.
Common in Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Rootstock hollow. Stems erect, dark green, scarcely striated, when
growing easily compressible from having a large central hollow and
thin walls, which are not strengthened by a cylinder of thickened
cells as in all the other British species of Equiseta. In var. a they
vary from the thickness of a crow-quill to that of a swan-quill ; but
in var. ft they are frequently as thick as a man's little finger. The
unbranched forms are nearly as common as the branched. When
growing in bogs or shallow water the branches are commonly absent,
but they are so also not unfrequently even in deep water, in which
the plant attains its greatest development, reaching a height of
3 or 4 feet, or even more. It is in deep water too that the barren
stems terminate in a long naked point. The spike is ^ to § inch
long, less cylindrical than in the preceding species, and often paler
in colour. A ' polystachyum ' form occurs, but much more rarely
than in E. palustre.

The absence of furrows on the stem distinguishes all the forms of
this plant from those of E. palustre when the plants are fresh. In
the dried state the outside of the stem shrinks so that it appears
furrowed ; but the narrower teeth, without conspicuous white
margins, should be enough to distinguish this from E. palustre. The
want of a cylinder of thickened cells is a characteristic of this species ;
indeed, it occurs in only one other European form, namely, E. littorale
of Kiihlew, which is generally believed to be a hybrid between

EQUISETACE^E. 161

E. limosum and E. arvense. If this be so, it is not unlikely to
occur in Britain. E. littorale has the general habit of the forms of
E. arvense which have branched fertile stems, but the rootstock is
angular and hollow, and there is no ring of thickened tissue in the
stem ; the branches also are generally hollow.

E. limosum is a variable plant, but the variations run too much
into each other to be separable into varieties; even the two forms
which I have admitted as varieties are most difficult to define, and
may very possibly be merely states of the plant due to external
circumstances. I have, however, retained them, as they are generally
accepted in this country, and were considered distinct species by both
Linnaeus and Fries.

Water Horsetail.

Section IV.— HYEMALIA. A. Brawn.

Stems all similar, persisting, green, rough to the touch, branched
or unbranched. Stomata sunk in depressions so as to be below the
general surface of the epidermis. Sheaths with persistent or
deciduous teeth. Branches usually solitary, rarely in whorls, often
absent, with a central cavity. Fertile stems differing from the sterile
ones only in being terminated by a spike, which is perfected in autumn
or late summer. Spike mucronate or apiculate, usually black.

SPECIES VII.— E QUISETUM HYEMALE. ' Linn: (auct. plur.)

Plates 1894 and 1895.

Stems all similar, sub-evergreen, solitary or several together from
each node or extremity of branch of the rootstock rather stout or
rather slender, with a central hollow off or \ its diameter, with 8 to 34
rather shallow furrows, separated by subobtuse edges, which are not
furrowed on the back, and are rough, with small prominent tubercles
arranged in one stripe on each ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths
cylindrical, applied to the stem or slightly widened upwards, at first
pale green and concolorous, then with a black band at the apex and
afterwards another at the base, afterwards wholly black, ultimately
white with a black band at the base and a narrower one at the apex ;
the lower ones permanently black ; each of the portions of the sheath
which corresponds to one of the teeth with a narrow shallow furrow
down the centre, and another similar furrow on each side, midway
between the central furrow and the great furrow which extends
(between the teeth) from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth

VOL. XII. Y

L62 ENGLISH BOTANY.

8 to 34, deltoid-triangular or triangular, acuminated into long
setaceous-subulate flexuous or straight points, which are wholly
scarious, pitchy-black, with narrow paler margins, and are often
caducous except on the terminal sheaths, in which case by their
fall thev leave the sheaths truncate and crenate — these crenatures
corresponding with the bases of the teeth ; more rarely the points of
the teeth of all or of some of the sheaths are persistent. Branches
very rarely produced, and then solitary, resembling the stem in
miniature, with the first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath
below which it is produced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the
branch pitchy-black, shining, oblique ; sheaths at the apex of the first
and succeeding internodes of the branch terminated by triangular
teeth with deciduous subulate scarious points. Spikes oval- or roundish-
or oblong-ovoid, acuminated and mucronate or apiculate, pitchy-black
or pitchy-brewn, its ba?e embraced by the teeth of the uppermost
stem-sheath.

Subspecies I.— Equisetum eu-hyemale.

Plate 1891.

Rabenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 49.

E. hyemale, Newman, Pbytol. 1854, p. 19.

E. hyemale, var. genuinuro, A. Braun ; Milde, Fil. Europ. p. 2-13.

Stems all similar, sub-evergreen, mostly solitary from each node or
extremity of branch of the rootstock, rather stout, with a central
hollow of about two-thirds its diameter with 15 to 34 rather shallow
furrows separated by subobtuse ridges, which are not furrowed on the
back, and are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in one
stripe on each ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths cylindrical, closely
applied to the stem, pale green, at first concolorous, then with a
black band at the apex and afterwards another at the base, after-
wards wholly black, ultimately white with a black band at the
base and a narrower one at the apex, the lower ones permanently
black ; each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds to
one of the teeth with a narrow shallow furrow down the centre,
and another similar shallow furrow on each side between the
central furrow and the great furrow which extends (between the
teeth) from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 15 to 34,
deltoid-triangular, acuminated into long setaceous, subulate flexuous
or crisped roughish points, which are wholly scarious, pitchy-black
with narrow paler margins, and are caducous except on the terminal

EQUISETACE^E. 163

sheath, so that by their fall the sheath is left truncate and crenate ;
these crenatures correspond with the bases of the teeth. Brandies
absent or very rarely produced, and then solitary, resembling the
stem in miniature, with its first internode much shorter than the stem-
sheath, below which it is produced ; sheath enclosing the first inter-
node of the branch pitchy -black, shining, oblique ; sheaths at the
apex of the first and succeeding internodes of the branch terminated
by triangular teeth with deciduous subulate scarious points. Spike
oval- or roundish-ovoid, acuminated and mucronate, pitchy-black or
pitchy-brown, its base embraced by the persistent teeth of the upper-
most stem-sheath.

In moist woods and on wet banks and bogs, and in wet places
amongst sandhills, rare, from Kent, Surrey, Hereford, and Glamorgan
to Aberdeen, Banff, Elgin, Ross, Perth, Lanark, and Ayr. Rare, but
distributed from north to south of Ireland.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer, Autumn.

Rootstock creeping, black, hollow. Stems 1J to 2^ feet high;
usually about the thickness of a goose-quill or a swan-quill, so rough
on the ridges as to make a distinctly grating sound when the finger-
nail is drawn along them ; spaces between the ridges transversely
rugose, with a line of stomata sunk in depressions at the base of the
ridges on each side. Sheaths usually about J inch long, appearing
truncate by the scarious part of the teeth separating as the stem
developes. The teeth of the uppermost sheath, which is funnel-shaped
and embraces the base of the spike, are always persistent, and are
slightly rough and crisped or twisted. Very rarely the teeth of the
stem-sheaths are persistent, in which case they are at first black, but
afterwards become hyaline. Branches rarely produced. I possess
but a single specimen which has a branch from near the apex of the
stem; it was gathered by Mr. Roy, at Banchory, Kincardineshire.
Spike 5 to ^ inch long.

The stems survive the winter, but are more or less killed at the
apices, and in severe winter sometimes down to the ground.

From the roughness of the stems caused by particles of silica, they
are capable of being used " as a file in polishing wood, ivory, or even
brass. This purpose it has long served in England, under the name
of Dutch Rushes, being usually imported from Holland." (Sm. Eng.
Flor. vol. iv. p. 340.)

Rough Horsetail ; Dutch Bush ; or Shave-grass.

164 EXGLISH HOTAXY.

Subspecies II.— Equisetum Moorei. Neum.

Plate 1895.

Babenh. Crypt. Yasc. Europ. Exsicc. No. 501.

Newman, Phytol. 1854, p. 19.

E. hyemale, var. Moorei. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 601. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot.

ed. vii. p. 440. Eook.fil. Stud. PL ed. ii. p. 502.
E. hyemale, var. Schleicheri. Mikle, Fil. Europ. p. 244.
E. paleaceum, " Schleicher, e p. ;" e p. Milde, I.e.
E. trachyodon, Babenh. I.e. No. 50. Non A. Braun.

Stems all similar, sub-evergreen, usually in tufts of 3 or 4 together
from each node, or extremity of branch of the rootstock, rather
slender, with a central hollow of about half its diameter, with
8 to 15 ("to 23," Milde) rather shallow furrows, separated by sub-
obtuse ridges, which are not furrowed on the back, and are rough
with small prominent tubercles arranged in one stripe on each, ridge,
dull dark green. Sheaths cylindrical-funnel-shaped, a little widened
upwards, pale green, at first concolorous, then with a black band at
the apex and afterwards another at the base, ultimately white with
a black band at the base and a narrower one at the apex ; the lowest
ones permanently black ; each of the portions of the sheath which
corresponds to one of the teeth with a narrow shallow furrow down
the centre, and another similar furrow on each side between the
central furrow and the great furrow which extends (between the teeth)
from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 8 to 16, triangular,
acuminated into long setaceous-subulate straight or slightly flexuous
points, which are wholly scarious, pitchy-black with narrow paler
margins and persist until the stems are full grown ; but in the
succeeding winter or spring many of them fall off and leave the
sheaths truncate and crenate, the crenatures corresponding to the
bases of the teeth. B.^anches absent, or very rarely produced, solitary
or two at a node, resembling the stem in miniature, with the first
internode much shorter than the stem-sheath below which it is pro-
duced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch pitchy-
black, shining, oblique ; sheaths at the apex of the first and succeed-
ing internodes terminated by subulate persistent teeth. Spike oblong-
ovoid, acuminated and shortly mucronate, pitchy-black, its base
embraced by the teeth of the uppermost stem-sheath.

On wet rocky banks and on open sandhills, very rare. "Sand-
hills north of Courtown, County Wexford, and sandhills near
ArkAvell, and thence northwards in many places along the coast

equisetacejE. 165

extending to near Seamark House, County Wicklow." (A. Gr. More.)
First found by the late Dr. D. Moore, 1861, on wet rocky banks
facing the sea, and on open ground facing Rochfield, not far from
Dunganstowu, Wicklow, Mr. A. Gr. More says, the plant of Dundrum
Sandhills " should probably be referred to E. Moorei." This
would extend the range of the plant to County Down.

Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.

Stems 1 to 2 feet high, from the thickness of a stocking-wire to that
of a crow-quill ; sheaths about ^ inch long exclusive of the teeth.
Spike j— | of an inch long.

E. Moorei differs from E. eu-hyemale in its much smaller size, more
deeply furrowed stem of which the sheaths are slightly widened
upwards and have the teeth persistent ; the points of the teeth are
firmer in texture, and many of them remain attached to the sheaths
until winter, and even in spring may be found on stems which have
not been killed by frost.

One of the characters which was considered distinctive of E. Moorei,
in the original notice of it, is apparently not constant. Dr. D. Moore
writes in December, 1853, " The stems of all our British unbranched
species of Equisetum are persistent, remaining green throughout the
winter. The economy of the plant to which I am now directing
your attention is the reverse of this : the stems die down annually "
(Phytol. 1854, p. 18). I have cultivated this for more than four years
from roots sent me by Dr. Moore, and I find that they are scarcely
more tender than those of E. eu-hyemale grown along with it ; neither
form is completely evergreen, being more or less killed downwards
from the top according to the severity of the frost.

Mr. A. Gr. More, writing from Glasnevin in May 1869, says that
" none of E. Moorei are quite dead, nearly all are green § up," and in
the ' Journal of Botany ' for 1868, p. 253, he writes, " In the wild state
the stems are not strictly deciduous, for in sheltered situations among
bushes I have found them quite green and fresh even so late as in
the month of March ; and if on the open sandhills they are more or
less withered, I believe that this may be due simply to exposure."
Mr. J. Gr. Baker in a letter says, concerning the stems of E. Moorei,
" They are just the same in texture as in E. hyemale, but perhaps —
I am not even certain as to that — cut up by frost rather earlier."

In cultivation at Balmuto it has remained unchanged ; and is in
habit and general appearance much more like E. trachyodon than
E. eu-hyemale.

According to Milde, E. paleaceum (Schleicher) which is the oldest
name, is to be rejected, as by it plants quite different from each other
are intended by different authors and even by Schleicher himself.
That being the case, Mr. Newman's name Moorei is antecedent to the

166 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Schleicheri of Milde, and the name Moorei is now generally used in
British Floras.

Moore s Horsetail.

SPECIES VIII.— E Q U I S E T U M TRACHYODON. A.Braun.

Plate 1896.

E. Mackaii, Newm. Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. ii. 1844, p. 25.

E. hyemale, var. Mackaii, Newm. Pkytol. 1842, p. 305.

E. variegatum, var. trachyodon, Hook. fil. Stud. Fl. ed. ii. p. 502.

E. elongatum, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1842, p. 42. Non Willd.

E. ramosum, Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. p. 620. Non DC.

Stems all similar, completely evergreen, usually several together
from each branch of the rootstock, rather slender, with a central
hollow about one-third of its diameter, with 8 to 14 rather shallow
furrows separated by acute-angled ridges, which are furrowed on the
back, and are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in
2 lines on each ridge, dull dark green. Sheaths shortly cylindrical,
closely applied to the stem, at first green and concolorous, then with
a black band at the apex, soon becoming wholly black, but ultimately
usually having a narrow whitish ring below the narrow black apical
band ; each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds to one of
the teeth with a rather broad deep furrow in the centre, and another
broad shallow rather indistinct furrow on each side between the central
furrow and the great furrow which extends between the teeth from
the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 8 to 14, triangular-subulate,
gradually acuminated into long subulate-setaceous straight rough firm
persistent points, pitchy-black, with rather narrow paler or white
scarious margins, furrowed on the back, persistent, though sometimes
their points get broken off, occasionally becoming nearly wholly white
when old. Branches absent, or rarely produced unless the main stem
be injured, and then solitary, resembling the stem in miniature, with
its first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath below which it is
produced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch, pitchy-
black, shining, irregularly toothed ; sheath at the apex of the first inter-
node of the branch terminated by ovate-triangular apiculate pitchy-
black teeth without furrows on the back ; the succeeding ones
similar to those on the main stem, pitchy black. Spike oval-ovoid,
abruptly acuminated and mucronate, pitchy-black, its base embraced
by the teeth of the uppermost sheath.

In wet, shady places, very rare. On the banks and in the water

EQUISETACEiE. 167

of the Dee, at intervals of 6 or 7 miles within the parish of Banchory-
Ternan, Kincardineshire, the Eev. J. M. Brichan, who says, "It
appears to prefer a locality where water oozing from the bank forms a
moist green spot, or finds its way through a rent made by the river,
or a channel worn by itself. The water where E. Mackaii thus fixes
its habitat, is generally, if not invariably, chalybeate." (Phytol.
1842, p. 371.) The Aberdeen botanists, however, do not seem to
have observed this plant, as in answer to inquiries Dr. Gr. Dickie
replied in Nov. 1874, " I know nothing of Equisetum trachyodon
in this quarter ; Mr. Roy says the same." Perhaps some form of
E. hyemale or E. variegatum, both of which certainly grow by the
Dee, may have been mistaken for E. trachyodon, but Mr. Brichan's
description appears to agree best with the true plant.

Moist banks near a waterfall at the upper end of Colin Grlen,
Belfast, where it was found in August 1833, by Mr. J. T. Mackay, in
company with Mr. F. Whitla. In Ballynarrigan Glen, near Dun-
given, Derry, and in several glens near Glenarm, Antrim, Dr. D.
Moore, in Drunnan Wood, and on the adjacent shores of Loch Cullin,
Mayo, Mr. A. Gr. More. In two places by the side of the stream
in Chevy Chase, about 7 miles south-east from Grort, co. Gralway,
Mr. H. C. Hart. Near St. Ann's, Blarney (R. Mills), Rev. T. Allin.

Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer and Autumn.

Plant erect, or more or less decumbent, 1 to 2 feet high, from the
thickness of a stocking-wire to that of a crow-quill. Sheaths -§- to
^ inch exclusive of the teeth, which are stiff and persistent ; uppermost
sheath which embraces the spike funnel-shaped, gradually narrowed
upwards, with lanceolate teeth having broad white margins and
brown scabrous flexuous points. Spike about i inch long, abruptly
acuminated into a short mucro.

Branches are much more frequently produced in E. trachyodon
than in any of the forms of E, hyemale. They may come from
any part of the stem, and sometimes have a secondary branch from
one of their internodes. In the ' Cybele Hibernica' it is stated that
" after a series of careful observations made in Antrim, Mr. D. Orr
considers that the normal state of E. trachyodon is the unbranched
form. In exposed situations, when broken by the wind or injured
by cattle, the stems throw out lateral shoots from near the point of
injury." (Cyb. Hib. p. 365.)

E. trachyodon is very similar in general appearance to E. Moorei,
so much so that many excellent botanists appear to have mistaken
the one for the other, as instanced in Rabenhorst's published fasciculi.
In E. trachyodon, however, the ridges of the stem are not rounded on

168 ENGLISH BOTANY.

the back, but slightly grooved, and present two sharp angles towards
the furrows, and the rough points with which they are furnished
are arranged in two distinct lines. The sculpture of the sheaths and
teeth is different, the central furrow running into each tooth is deeper,
and the lateral furrows are wider and shallower than in E. Moorei.
The points of the teeth are firmer, not being wholly scarious, but
having a furrowed rib of firm tissue running along them ; this rib
is of a pitchy-black colour, and is bordered with pale or whitish
scarious margins. The teeth are much more persistent ; the sheaths
become sooner black and remain much longer so, not assuming a
whitish tinge until the winter. The stems are completely evergreen.
I have not found it injured by frost since 1876, when I received
living specimens from Mr. S. A. Stewart, of Belfast, which have grown
in the open ground up to 1881.

Mackays Horsetail.

SPECIES IX.— E QUISETUM VARIEGATUM. Schleich,

Plates 1897 and 1898.
Rabenh. Crypt. Vase. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 73 and 98.

Stems all similar, completely evergreen, usually several together
from each branch of the rootstock, slender or rather slender, rarely
stout, with a central hollow of one-fifth to one-third of its diameter,
with 4 to 12 shallow furrows separated by subacute-angled ridges,
which are rough with small prominent tubercles arranged in two
lines on each ridge and furrowed on the back, dull dark green.
Sheaths shortly (rarely longly) cylindrical-turbinate, yellowish-green,
at first concolorous, then witli a black band at the apex ultimately
extending downwards until nearly the whole sheath becomes black,
but usually without a black band at the base, and rarely wholly black,
each of the portions of the sheath which corresponds with one of the
teeth with a rather broad deep furrow in the centre, and another
broad shallow rather indistinct furrow on each side between the
central furrow and the great furrow which extends between the teeth
from the apex to the base of the sheath ; teeth 4 to 12, triangular-
lanceolate or triangular-ovate, abruptly or rather abruptly acu-
minated into setaceous straight rough firm mostly caducous points,
pitchy-black with broad white scarious margins, furrowed on the
back, persistent, though generally their points either fall or get
broken off, occasionally becoming nearly wholly white when old.
Branches rarely produced unless the main stem has been injured

EQUISETACE/E. 169

and then solitary or in pairs, resembling the stem in miniature, with
the first internode much shorter than the stem-sheath, below which it
is produced ; sheath enclosing the first internode of the branch,
pitchy-black, shining, irregularly toothed ; sheath at the apex of the
first and succeeding internodes of the branch terminated by ovate-
triangular apiculate pitchy-black teeth without furrows on the
back ; the succeeding ones similar to those on the main stem. Spike
oblong- or oval-ovoid, abruptly acuminated and mucronate, pitchy-
black, its base usually embraced by the teeth of the uppermost stem-
sheath.

Var. a. genuinum.
Plate 1897.
E. variegatum, var. arenarium, Neicm. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. viii. p. 451.

Stem usually slender, often very slender, flexuous, decumbent or
prostrate ; stem ridges each with 2 acute angles, and a conspicuous
central furrow.

Var. /3. majus.

Stem rather slender, not flexuous, erect; stem ridges each with
2 acute angles and a conspicuous central furrow.

Var. y. Wilsoni. Newm.
Plate 1898.

Stem stout, not flexuous, erect, stem ridges with 2 obtuse angles
and a shallow central furrow, less rough than in vars. a and ft.

Yar. a in damp places on sandhills, and on damp rocks and
by the sides of streams. Bare. Salcombe cliff, near Sidmouth,
Devon ; reported from Somerset and Flint ; plentiful on the sand-
hills at the mouth of the Mersey, as at Wallasey and New Brighton,
Cheshire, and at Bootle, Crosby and Southport, Lancashire ; near
Settle, Yorkshire ; Teesdale ; in several places by the river Irthing-,
near Ward re w, Northumberland, and by the same river above the
upper stepping-stones at Grilsland, Cumberland. In Scotland it is
reported from the Clyde Islands (Prof. Balfour, Top. Bot,); Frank-
field Loch, Lanark ; North Berwick, Haddington ; near Largo and
Tentsmuir, Fife (Mr. C. Howie) ; sands of Barry, Forfarshire ; banks
of the Dee, -Kincardiueshire ; near Tain, Eoss-shire. In Ireland it
is found on sandhills at Port Marnoch and Port Crane, Dublin ;

vol. xit. z

170 EXGLISn BOTANY.

sandhills at Mullaghmore, and rocks at Grlencar, co. Sligo ; sandhills
at Benone, Magilligan,. Deny.

Yar. /3, banks of the Dee at Durra, Kincardineshire ; by the Royal
Canal at Dublin ; east of Clonsella Station, and a little below the
bridge at Cross Duns, near Glasnevin ; canal at Mullingar ; margins
of the pool of water on the Hunting Course field west of Castle
Taylor ; and shore of Loch Bulard, near Roundstone, Galway ; and
perhaps shore of Loch Carra, Mayo.

Yar. y in ditches by the side of the Lake of Killarney, at Mucruss,
County Kerry.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Late Summer, Autumn.

A very variable plant, with stems from 3 or 4 inches to 2 feet long,
and from the thickness of a darning-needle to that of a crow-quill or
more ; they are generally more or less decumbent, especially when
growing on sandhills ; usually they are unbranched, but I have
specimens from Wallasey sandhills upon which there are branches
from many of the internodes ; these branches are either solitary or in
pairs, and in the latter case opposite, or very rarely on the same side
of the stem. The branches occasionally terminate in spikes, and
indeed seem to be more like secondary stems than anything else.
The sheaths vary considerably in length and in colour, but are always
enlarged upwards, and then again slightly contracted ; the teeth are
also very variable, even in specimens from the same locality ; they
are usually rather short and blunt, with broad white margins, and
are generally abruptly acuminated into a long white setaceous point,
which either falls off or is very liable to be broken off. Among the
specimens I have from TVallasey sandhills, collected by Mr. H. S.
Fisher in 1871, there are some in which the teeth of the sheaths are
triangular and gradually acuminated into subulate points, and have
only narrow white. margins, though others collected at the same place
and at the same date have teeth of the ordinary form.

Yar. /3 scarcely appears to pass insensibly into the ordinary form.
The plant from the Dublin Canal I have cultivated for about five
years from roots sent me by the late Dr. D. Moore ; these have
remained stouter and more erect than those of var. genuinum grown
beside them, and divide below ground, while in var. a the stems come
in tufts from the branches of the rootstock above ground ; the
stems, however, do not exceed 1 foot high, while in the Dublin Canal
they are twice as long, probably growing more luxuriantly from being
in the water. The plants from the banks of the Dee, Kincardine-
shire, are intermediate between the Dublin Canal plant and the var.
genuinum, but they have longer teeth and blacker sheaths. Specimens
from the bridge of Potarch, Kincardineshire, collected by Mr. J. Sim
in 1871, have stout stems, with short almost wholly black sheaths, and

EQUISETACE^E. 171

lanceolate-subulate gradually-acuminate teeth, having rather narrow
scarious margins ; this form may be the var. pseudo-elongatum of
Milde.

I have been unable to procure specimens of the Killarney plant, on
which the var. Wilsoni was originally founded. It seems to be a much
larger plant than the Dublin Canal one. Mr. Newman describes a
stem which he believes to be of average size, and says it is 38 inches
long, one-third of which was submerged, and from his figure of it, it
must have been as thick as a goose-quill. He considers the average
number of furrows as 10, " the ridges between them being broad, as in
the common form, but the silicious particles are far less prominent, so
that the plant does not partake of that asperity which so eminently
characterises E. hyemale, E. Mackaii, and the more usual forms of
E. variegatum, but has a smoother feel like that of E. palustre. . . . The
sheaths are scarcely larger than the stem, with which, in dried speci-
mens, they appear perfectly concolorous, with the exception of a
narrow sinuous black band at the summit of each." (Brit. Ferns,
ed. ii. pp. 39, 40.) Mr. Newman considered that the Mucruss plant
was not the same as that from the Dublin Canal and Kincardineshire.

E. variegatum, or at least the stouter forms of it, is liable to be con-
founded with E. trachyodon, but the sheaths of the latter are cylin-
drical and closely applied to the stem, and they have long subulate,
rather rigid teeth. In E. variegatum the sheaths widen upwards, and
then contract ; the teeth are considerably shorter than in E. trachy-
odon, even in those cases in which they are gradually acuminated.
It is very rarely that the whole sheath becomes black, as they so
commonly do in E. trachyodon.

Small forms of E. palustre have sometimes been mistaken for
E. variegatum, but that plant has the stem-ridges without a furrow
on their back, and without the two distinct rows of silicious tubercles
on the ridges, which like the spaces between them, are only trans-
versely rugose ; the furrows of the sheaths which correspond to the
divisions between the teeth are deeper, and the portion between these
furrows more convex and without a central furrow until near the
apex, while the lateral furrows, which are distinct in E. variegatum,
are wanting in E. palustre ; the teeth of the sheaths in E. variegatum
are usually much longer and sharper than in E. palustre, and the
spike of the latter is not apiculate or mucronate.

The stems of E. variegatum are completely evergreen, and the
spikes more frequently survive the winter in this than in the other
Equiseta hyemalia, although it occasionally happens to them all ;
when it does so, the spike in spring becomes slightly exserted and
paler in colour.

It seems probable that under the name E. hyemale, Linna3us
included not only the plant usually called E. hyemale by modern
botanists, but also all the forms of the Equiseta hyemalia (the
section Hippochsete, Milde). The same view was taken by Mr.

172 ENGLISH BOTANY,

Newman in 1842, in which year he published descriptions of the
British Equiseta in the ' Phytologist,' though in the 2nd edition of his
' British Ferns,' published in 1844, he described E. Mackaii (E. trachy-
odon) and E. variegatum as distinct from E. hyemale ; but he marked
the names of these species with a dagger, thus indicating they were
" species whose distinctness I do not consider to be at present clearly
proved." Dr. Stenzel, in Cohn's * Kryptogamen Fl. von Schlesien,'
includes under E. hyemale as subspecies E. ramosissimum, Desf., E.
hyemale genuinum with its var. Schleicheri (Moorei) and E. variega-
tum, Schleicher ; and certainly all these forms pass so insensibly into
each other, that I feel much inclined to follow his example. Still
there seem sufficient differences to divide the subdeciduous E. hyemale
with its form Moorei from the truly evergreen British Equiseta. E.
trachyodon should probably be considered as but a subspecies of
E. variegatum, but I think it is more than a variety ; the living plant
looks much more distinct from the forms of E. variegatum than do
dried specimens.

Variegated Horsetail.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

EQUISETUM RAMOSUM. Schleicher.

Said by Schkuhr to grow in Wales, but no authority is given.
This is the plant now generally called E. ramosissimum, Desf.
It occurs in the West of France, as far north as the valley of the
Loire, and may possibly occur in Britain, as it might be passed as
a form of E. variegatum. I have seen no Welsh specimens of
E. variegatum, though it is reported from Carnarvon.

CHARACE^E.

173

CLASS II.-OELLULARES.

Perennial or more rarely annual herbs which have a stem composed
wholly of cellular tissue, producing adventitious roots and usually
leaves or branches, more rarely reduced to that combination of
stem and leaf termed a thallus, as in the Class III. (Thallophyta).
Spores produced after fertilisation of the archegonia by the
antherozoids, either solitary within a spirally marked indehiscent
nucule, or numerous and contained in a spore case {capsule or sporo-
gonium), which is usually elevated on a stalk. Antherozoids con-
tained in the cells of coiled filaments or oblong vesicles, and dis-
charged by the rupture of the cells.

ORDER XCYL— CHAR ACE JE.*

Aquatic annual or perennial herbs having branched stems, of
which the internodes consist of a single large cell, which is either
naked or covered by a layer of slender parallel cortical-cells, and
frequently coated with a deposit of carbonate of lime. Stems fur-
nished at the nodes with whorls of branchlets (leaves of many authors).
At the base of the verticillate branchlets there are in many species
two or more whorls, rarely only one whorl of stipule-cells (involucral
spines, Babington — stipulodes of Messrs. Arthur Bennett and H. and J.
Groves). Branchlets simple, or one or more times forked into rays,
or with partial or rarely complete whorls of secondary branchlets
(bracts). Male and female organs developed at the extremity of the
branchlets, or at their nodes in the axils of the bracts. Male organs
{globules) spherical, at first green, afterwards red or yellowish, con-
sisting of 8 plates or shields, on the inside of each of which there is a
central projecting cell, termed the manubrium, terminated by a globular
cell, called' the capitulum, or head, which produces 6 secondary capi-
tula, or heads, from each of which proceed four long coiled filaments
divided transversely into very numerous cells, in each of which is
formed a biciliated antherozoid. Female organs (nucules) subglobular
or ovoid or fusiform, reddish-yellow or olive, consisting of a nucleus

* In the general arrangement and nomenclature of the species of this Order, I have
followed the eighth edition of Babington's ' Manual of British Botany,' pp. 468 and
473. The admirable papers of Messrs. H. and J. Groves in ' Journal of Botany,' 1880,
have given me much assistance, especially by quoting synonyms from works to which I
had not access, and giving the localities, so far as known, in which the species occur.

174 ENGLISH BOTANY.

coated with five cells coiled spirally round it, terminated by a coronula,
or crown, of 5 prominent cells in 1 row, or of 10 less prominent ones
in two superposed rows. The apical cell of the nucleus is fertilised
by the antherozoids ; ultimately the nucule falls and germinates,
[producing two shoots, one of which descends into the soil, produces
root-hairs, and remains colourless, constituting the primary rhizoid;
the other shoot ascends, and soon develops chlorophyll ; its longi-
tudinal growth is limited to a few cells, but at about its middle or
below, a bud is formed, from which the perfect plant is developed :
sometimes two or more rhizoids, and two chlorophyll-bearing shoots
are produced from the same nucule. See Plate 1905, and A. de Bary
in ' Botanische Zeitung,' 1875, p. 377, t. v. and vi.] *

GENUS L— N I T E L L A. Agardh.

Internodes of the stem more or less pellucid, naked, without a
covering of parallel cortical cells, also without a whorl of stipule-cells
below the whorl of branchlets. Nucule with a crown of 10 small
erect cells in 2 superposed rows, the cells of the upper row much
smaller than those of the lower row, generally falling off before the
nucule is ripe.

Section I.— EU-NITELLA. A. Brawn.

Globules in the forks of the branchlets, of which the terminal
rays are either 1-celled, or, if of more than 1 cell, having the apical
cell much smaller than that behind it. Nucules below the globules.

SPECIES I.-N ITELLA FLEXILIS. Agardh.

Plate 1899.

Brawn, Babenhorst, and Stizinger, Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 22, 23, 24, 51, 55, 101.

Nordstedt and Wahlstedt, Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 8-14.

NiteUa flexilis, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 124. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 166, t. 210,

* Owing to the indisposition of Mr. Boswell, the task of bringing the Characeaa
down to date, and seeing this portion of English Botany through the press, has been
entrusted by the publishers to myself; and in order that it may be known what
portions I am responsible for, everything that I have added to Mr. Boswell's work is
included in square brackets thus [ ], with the exception of the bulk of the synonymy
for which I am chiefly responsible, some additional localities, and a few words it has
been necessary to add or alter here and there in order to make the context clearer ;
beyond this, the work stands just as Mr. Boswell left it. — N. E. Brown, Herbarium,
Kcw, Surrey.

CHARACE.£. 175

f. 18. Kiitz, Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 256 ; Sp. Alg. p. 511 ; and

Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 13, t. 32, f. ii. WaUm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.

Stockh. 1854, p. 261.* A. Braun, Schweizer Char. p. 8 ; Conspectus Char.

Europ. p. 2 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 397 ; and Fragm. Monogr. Char.

p. 34. Wdhlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. 1862, p. 4 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char.

p. 16. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 468. Crepin, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II.

p. 129. Leonhardi, in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 168. Miiller, in Bull. Soc.

Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 51. Allen, Char. Amer. pp. 9-12, pi. 4 and 5. Sydow,

Europ. Char. p. 17.
X. Brongniartiana, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ; and Atlas, pi. 40, f. c ;

ed. ii. p. 896 ; and Atlas, pi. 46, f. d.
X. furculata, Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 35.
Chara flexilis, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 1157 (partly). Canterer, Osterr. Char. p. 8.

Bischoff, Krypt. Gewiichse, p. 26, t. 1, f. 1-3 ; and Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst.

t. 57, f. 2802-2804, and 2809. Bruzel. Obs. Char. pp. 15 and 23. A. Braun in

Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 50. Schhilir, Bot. Handb. t. 280. Baling, in Ann. Nat.

Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 83. Beichenl. Iconog. Vol. VIII. p. 37, t. 795.
C. Brongniartiana, Wedd. in Coss. Germ, and Wedd. Cat. rais. PI. Vase. Envir. Par.

p. 152.
" C. furculata, Beich. in Mbssl. Handb. ed. iii. Vol. HE. p. 1664."
C. commutata, Bttpr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Beich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 9 ; and

Symb. ad Hist. Plant. Eoss. p. 77.

Monoecious. Dull dark green or olive. Stern slender, translucent,
without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets
usually 6 (more rarely 7 or 8) in a whorl, forked or more rarely
trind, with acute but not mucronate 1 - celled points and rays.
Primary whorls always lax ; those of the secondary whorls similar
and more compact (when it is the form subcapitata of Braun and
C. nidifica of collectors, according to Babington). Xucules solitary,
rarely in pairs, produced at the angle between the rays of the
branchlets, without bracts, accompanied by a globule, which is placed
above them, subglobular-ovoid, 7- or 8-striate (" 8- or 9-striate,"
Groves), with a minute deciduous crown. In ponds and pools and
ditches, rare.

Amberley, Sussex; Kent; Wimbledon Common, Surrey; Essex;
Herts ; Cambridge ; Warwick ; York ; Northumberland ; Suffolk ;
Lancashire ; Kirkcudbright ; Perth ; Lough Allen, Leitrim.

* [The title-page of this volume runs thus : — " Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens nya
Handlingar for ar, 1852. Stockholm, 1854." Bat Wallman's paper on Characeae was
presented to the Society in April 1853, and a separately paged extract of it was
published in 1853, therefore, although it has been thought advisable to quote the
volume as for 1854 (the volumes of this Journal not being numbered), the real date
of publication of Wallman's monograph is 1853. A French translation by
Dr. Nylander was published in 1854.]

176 ENGLISH BOTANY.

I have seen neither Scotch nor Irish specimens, but Professor
Babington and Messrs. Groves have it from both these countries.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

Stems slender, flexible, 6 to 18 inches long or more; "often
annularly encrusted" (Groves). Branchlets J inch to 2 inches long ;
nucules minute, yellowish, ultimately black.

[The variety crassa (Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Exsicc. No. 101),
distinguished from the type by its greater stoutness and shorter
terminal segments ; and variety nidifica (Wallm. in Kongl. Yet. Akad.
Handl. Stockh., 1854, p. 262), which has the sterile branchlets often
simple, and the fertile branchlets very short and collected into com-
pact heads ; — are stated by Messrs. H. and J. Groves (Journ. of Bot.,
1883, p. 22), both to have been found in Perthshire; the former in
Watson Loch, Doune, and Marlee Loch ; the latter in Marlee Loch.]

There can be little doubt that the name " flexilis " was intended by Linnaeus to
include under it other forms besides the present, and it would have been much better
to have adopted some later but more specially applied name ; but " flexilis " is now in
general use, so that little confusion is likely to occur.

Flaccid Nitella.

SPECIES II. (?) NITELLA SYNCARPA. CkevaUier.

Plate 1900.

Dioecious. Bright green or olive. Stem slender, translucent, with-
out cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets usually 6
(more rarely 7 or 8) in a whorl; those of the primary whorls in the
male plant elongated and forked or trifid, in the female simple, forked
or trifid, with acute but not mucronate 1-celled rays. Primary
whorls always lax ; those of the secondary whorls usually more
compact, and in the female plant always so, often so short as to appear
capitate. Nucules 2 or 3, rarely 4, at the middle of the simple
branchlets, or in the angle between the rays when they are forked,
without bracts, subglobular-ovoid, 5- or 6- (rarely 7-) striate, with a
minute deciduous crown. Globules at the angle between the rays of
the branchlets.

Var. a. genuina.

Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 76.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. la, lb, and 2.

CHARACE.E. 177

Nitella syncarpa, Chevallier, Flor. Gen. ed. ii. Vol. II. p. 125. Nordst. in Anderss.

Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 35. Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256; Sp. Alg. p. 514; and Tab.

Phyc. Vol. VII. t. 31, f. ii. Waliht. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 9 ; and Monog. Sver.

Norg. Char. p. 14. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ.

p. 1 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 6 ; in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 396 ; and

Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 30, t. v. f. 101-103. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed.

ii. p. 894 ; and Atlas, pi. 45, f. A. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 167.

Leonliardi in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 167. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,

1881, p. 48. Si/dow, Europ. Char. p. 10.
Nitella syncarpa, var. leiopyrena, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 7.
N. syncarpa, var. capitata, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ; and Atlas,

pi. 39, f. 1-6.
Chara syncarpa, A. Braun in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 51. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 9.

BeicJienb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. t. 797 ? and 798.

Green. Branchlets of the female plant simple, those of the axil-
lary branches less large, and often collected into small glomerules.
Nucules covered with mucilage, placed about the middle of the simple
branchlets, with 6 to 8 strise, and with the spiral ridges on the central
cell scarcely prominent. Globules covered with mucus, solitary in
the forks of the rays, generally on the axillary branches, crowded
into compact glomerules, from the branchlets being extremely short.

Var. ft. capitata. Kiitzing.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 26, 27, 28, and 104.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 3 and 4.

Nitella capitata, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863,

p. 34. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319. Waldst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 8 ; and Monog.

Sver. Norg. Char. p. 15. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 265.

Babing. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 1 ; in Cohn, Krypt.

Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 396 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 31. H. & J. Groves in

Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 167. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130.

Leonliardi in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 166. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,

1881, p. 49. Sijdow, Europ. Char. p. 12.
N. syncarpa, vars. fi capitata and y gloeocephala, Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256.
N. syncarpa, vars. capitata and oxygyna (a misprint for oxygyra ! ), A. Braun, Schweiz.

Char. p. 7.
Chara capitata, " Nees ab Esenb. in Denkschr. d. Bot. Gesellsch. Vol. II. (1818),

p. 80, t. 6," teste Braun. Bruzel, Obs. Char. p. 24.
C. syncarpa var. Beichenb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. t. 799, f. 1076, 1077.
C. syncarpa, var. capitata, Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 9.
C. elastica, Amici, Descriz. Chara, p. 9, t. 1, f. 2-3, and t. 2.

Green or light olive. Branchlets of the female plant forked or
trifid, those of the axillary branches usually collected into small

VOL. XII. 2 A

178 ENGLISH BOTANY.

glomerules. Nucules covered with mucilage, placed in the angles
between the branchlets and the rays, with 6 or 7 striae, and with the
spiral ridges on the central cell very prominent and acute. Globules
covered with mucilage, solitary in the forks of the rays, mostly on
axillary branchlets and crowded into small compact glomerules or
heads, from the branchlets being extremely short.

Yar. y. opaca. Kiitzing.

Plate 1900.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 29, 51, 52, 53, 77, 105, 106.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7.

Nitella syncarpa, var. opaca, Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256.

N. syncarpa, vars. opaca, glomerata, and pachygyra, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 7.

N. opaca, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 124. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 1 ; in Colin,

Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 397 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 32. Noi-dst. in

Anderss. Bot. Notissr, 1863, p. 34. Waldst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 6 ; and

Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 15. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh.

1854, p. 264. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. p. 895 ; and Atlas pi. 45, f. b.

Crejpin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 129. Leonliardi in Brunn, Verhandl.

Vol. II. p. 165. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 166, t. 210, f. 19.

Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 50.

Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 14.
N. atrovirens, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 263.
N. pedunculata, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxvii.
Chara opaca, Agardh in Brnzel. Obs. Char. pp. 16 and 23.
C. flexilis, Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 1070.
C. syncarpa, Thuill. Fl. Envir. Par. p. 473. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 9. Baling, in

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 83.
C. syncarpa, vars. opaca and pseudoflexilis, A. Braun in Flora, 1835, i. p. 52.
C. syncarpa, var. Smithii, Coss. Germ. & Wedd. Cat. rais. PI. Vase. Envir. Par. p. 151.

Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ; and Atlas, pi. 39, f. 7-12.

Olive. Branchlets of the female plant simple, forked or trifid ;
the primary are mostly barren, those of the axillary branches collected
into rather large, lax glomerules. Nucules not coated with mucilage,
placed in the angles between the branchlets and the rays, with 5 or 6
striae, and with the spiral ridges on the central cell rather prominent
and blunt. Globules not covered with mucilage, in the forks of the
rays, mostly on axillary branches, concealed in rather large lax
glomerules, from the branchlets being only moderately short.

In lakes, ponds, pools, and ditches.

Var. a. — Not known to occur in Britain, but very likely to be
detected, as it occurs in the .north of France.

CHAEACE.E. 179

Var. j3. — Professor A. Braun referred to this var. specimens in
the Kew Herbarium, from Kent ; Llyn Idwal, Carnarvon ; and
Killarney, Kerry.

Yar. y. — Common and generally distributed in England and
Scotland, in which it is known to occur northwards to Caithness and
Orkney. From south to north of Ireland.

England, Ireland, and Scotland. Annual or perennial.
Spring and "Summer."

The var. opaca, which is considered a distinct species by Braun
and others, is a variable plant 6 inches to 2 feet long, the branchlets
^ to 2 inches long ; both in the male and female plant, but especially
in the latter, the fertile branches are usually so short that the globules
and nucules seem to be produced in heads, though occasionally two or
three nucules may be found at the forks of elongate branches. The
colour of the plant is usually dull olive, sometimes dark olive, and it
not unfrequently has the stem coated with carbonate of lime, generally
in rings, but sometimes continuously. It is so like N. flexilis that in
a barren state it is extremely difficult, sometimes impossible, to dis-
criminate between them, as the fact of the latter being monoecious is
not then observable. I have little doubt that the two ought to be
considered as at best but subspecies.

The typical N. syncarpa and N. capitata are both usually more
slender and of a brighter green colour than N. opaca ; the heads are
smaller, and the nucules and globules are described as surrounded by
mucilage, a character which is not easily distinguishable in dried
specimens [unless held obliquely to the light and viewed under a
lens].

According to Cosson and Germain, N. syncarpa (genuina) germinates
in spring and fruits in the end of summer or autumn ; N. capitata
germinates in autumn and fruits in spring; while N. opaca fruits
from May to July. In the pond at Balmuto it fruited in April and
appeared to be perennial. In an aquarium globe it lived two years,
but never fruited.

[Of Ch. syncarpa, Thuill., there exists in the Kew Herbarium an
authentic specimen from Thuillier, obtained from Gay's Herbarium,,
labelled " Chara syncarpa, Thuill. Fl. Par. 473. Lois. Fl. Gall. II.
p. 623.— Thuillier 1812." Wallroth, who saw this specimen in 1828,.
named it "Chara flexilis, L. ; " and A. Braun in Sept. 1834 has
labelled it " Chara syncarpa, Thuill. (specimen ab auctore ! ) apices foli-
orum a forma communi paulo recedunt (Ch. syncarpa pseudoflexilis)."
An examination of this specimen shows that it is somewhat inter-
mediate in character between the plants now called N. syncarpa and
N. opaca, having more the appearance and dark colour of some states
of N. opaca-; the specimen is female, and the branchlets are simple,

180 ENGLISH BOTANY.

no traces of mucilage, so characteristic of N. syncarpa, are visible on
the globules and nucules, and the spiral ridges on the nucleus of the
nucules are less prominent and acute than in N. opaca, and more so than
in N. syncarpa, though no doubt this is a variable character, and one
which Messrs. Groves seem to have misunderstood, as they describe
the nucules (under N. capitata) as having " sharp prominent cells,"
but the spiral cells of the nucules are not more prominent in N. capitata
than in N. syncarpa, and are not sharp, but rounded as in other
Characea3 ; the terms oxygyra, pachygyirt, &c. used by A. Braun,
refer to the ridges on the nucleus between the spiral cells, which
correspond to the strias on the surface of the nucule, and are not
cells, but merely thickened portions of cell-walls. Of the specimens
at Kew referred by Braun to N. capitata, the Llyn Idwel plant
(C. gracilis, Wilson in Hook. Bot. Miscell. vol. i. p. 336 ; not of Sm.)
has traces of mucilage, and seems rather to belong to N. syncarpa, as
the nucleus of the nucule is broader, and the ridges on it are not
nearly so prominent and sharp as in typical N. capitata ; the Kent
specimen has no mucilage, and is simply the ordinary N. opaca,
which is doubtless but a sexual state of N. flexilis, for taking the
whole of the forms of N. flexilis and N. opaca there is nothing to
distinguish the two but sex, which is not a specific character, and
N. flexilis may be regarded as a polygamous species, with male,
female, and hermaphrodite plants. The Killarney specimens in size
and general appearance resemble the Llyn Idwel plant, but there are
no traces of mucilage on them, and except in being smaller are not
distinguishable from some specimens collected at Lyndhurst, and
distributed by Messrs. Groves as N. opaca (Xo. 86). N. opaca var.
attenuata described by Messrs. Grroves in Jour. Bot. 1881, p. 356, is
a striking form found at Hythe, S. Hants, with long and very slender
branchlets, but still is evidently only a slender state of their
Lyndhurst plant, and except that there is no mucilage on the globules
and nucules, it is identical with N. syncarpa of Nordstedt and
Wahlsted's Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 2 (a form well figured in Reichen-
bach's Iconographia, vol. viii. pi. 798), which fact would seem to imply
that the presence or absence of mucilage is of doubtful value as a
specific character. — N. E. B.]

Twin-fruited Nitella.
SPECIES in.— N ITELLA TRANSLUCENS. Agardh.

Plate 1901.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 19.
Nordst. & WahUt. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 81.

Nitella translucens, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 124. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ;
ami Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 19. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 682 ;

characEjE. 181

and Atlas pi. 40, f. b ; ed. ii. p. 895 ; and Atlas pi. 46, f. c. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener.

p. 318 ; Sp. Alg. p. 513 ; Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 10, t. 26, f. i. Wallm. in Kongl.

Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 259. Wahht. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 2 ; and

Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 17. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 36.

Crepin, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 128. Leonhardi in Brunn, Verhandl.

Vol. II. p. 173. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 165, t. 210, f. 17.

Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 19.
Chara translucens, Persoon, Syn. Vol. II. p. 531. Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 1855. Loisel.

Deshng. Notice, p. 135. Bruzel. Obs. Char. p. 22. A. Braun in Flora, 1835,

Vol. I. p. 50. Bating, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 84.
Chara flexilis, Thuill. Fl. Envir. Par. p. 472 ; not of Linn.

Monoecious. Bright shining green. Stem rather stout, pellucid,
without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 4 to 8
in a whorl ; those of the primary whorls barren, elongated, rather stout,
obtuse, simple, or with 1 or more terminal rays, so short that they
are reduced to little more than points, some of them elongated and
bearing secondary fertile whorls, with extremely short trifid branches,
giving the appearance of forming small heads or interrupted spikes.
Nucules 2 to 3, immediately below the 3 rays of the fertile branchlets,
subglobular-ovoid, 5- to 7-striate, with a minute deciduous crown.
Globules solitary, terminating the fertile branch, and surrounded by
its 3 short rays immediately above the nucules.

In stagnant water, but usually where there is considerable depth,
rarely in streams. Rather rare, but occurring in many places in the
south of England ; rare in Scotland, where it occurs in Lochnaw,
Wigtonshire ; neighbourhood of Edinburgh ; Kinghorn, Fife ; Loch
Leven, Kinross ; Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire ; Loch of Drum, Aberdeen-
shire. In Ireland it is reported from Kerry, Gralway, Antrim, and
Deny.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer.

N. translucens is perhaps the finest of the British Characese from
the bright green colour and large size, being 1 to 4 feet long or more,
with much stouter stems than any of the other Nitellae. It is well dis-
tinguished by the rays of the barren branchlets being so reduced as to
form mere papillae at the end of those branches where they occur.
The fertile whorls are so reduced that they look something like
the spikes of Potamogeton pusillus.

Translucent Nitella.

182 ENGLISH BOTANY.

SPECIES IV.— N ITELLA MUCRONATA. Cosson & Germain.

Plate 1902.

Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 17-20, 30.

Nordst. & WaJdst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 82.

Nitella mucronata, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 683, and Atlas pi. 40, f. D ;

ed. ii. p. 896 ; and Atlas pi. 46, f. e, 1-3. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ;

Schweiz. Char. p. 9 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 398; and Fragm.

Monog. Char. p. 50, t. i. f. 39-42. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863. p. 36.

Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 253. Kiitz. Phyc. Germ.

p. 256 ; Sp. Alg. p. 514; Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 13, t. 33, f. i. WahJst. Monog.

Sver. Norg. Char. p. 17. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 128. Leon-

hardi in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 172. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1S80,

p. 165, t. 210, f. 16. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Mutter in Bull. Soc. Bot.

Geneve, 1881, p. 52. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 22.
N. exilis, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 9. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 515 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII.

p. 13, t. 33, f. ii. (excluding syn. C. exilis, Amid).
N. flabellata, Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; and Phyc. Germ. p. 256. Wallm. in Kongl.

Vet. Handl. Stockh. p. 249. A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 398.
N. Norvegica and N. longifurca, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akacl. Handl. Stockh. 1854,

p. 252.
Chara mucronata, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 351 ; and in

Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 52. Bating, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 84.

Gantercr, Osterr. Char. p. 9.
C. furcata, Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 14, t. v. f. 2, and t. 3, f. 2 (not of Boxb.).
C. Barbierii, Beds. Crivelli in Bibl. ltal. vol. 97, p. 190.

C. flexilis, Beiclienb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. p. 38, t. 795, (not of other Authors).
C. flexilis, var. stellata, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 178, t. vi. f. 1, 2.
C. longifurca, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Buss. Beich. 1845, dritte liefr. p. 10.
C. brevicaulis, Bcrtol. Fl. Ital. X. p. 19.

Monoecious. Green or olive. Stem rather slender, translucent,
without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets
4 to 8 in a whorl, slender, most of them 2 or 4 times bi- or tri- or
quadrifurcate ; the ultimate divisions shorter than the lower, often
of 2 cells and sharply mucronate ; those of the primary whorls
rather lax and with elongated segments ; those of the secondary
whorls similar or short, sometimes so much so as to give the ap-
pearance of forming heads. Nucules solitary, immediately below the
upper forks of the rays of the branchlets, subglobular-ovoid, 5- or
G-striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary between
the forks of the branchlets, immediately above the nucules.

In still water, very rare ; marsh ditch at West Grinstead, Sussex,
(Mr. Borrer) ; water-hole by the River Ouse, near Bedford (A. H.
Davies, and J. Saunders).

England. Annual. Summer, Autumn.

ClIARACE^. 183

Stems 6 inches to 1 foot long ; primary branches J to 2 inches long.
N. mucronata has sometimes much the habit of N. flexilis, but may be
distinguished by its more divided branches, of which the ultimate rays
are often 2-celled and tipped with a small conical cell or mucro.

I have not seen Mr. Borrer's specimens of this plant, but Messrs.
Groves state that it is near the var. heteromorpha, Braun [figured in
Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2811], and this is shown
by the figure they give of it, which was drawn from Mr. Borrer's
specimen. Yar. neteromorpha is the name given to the form in
which the secondary whorls are contracted, and not lax like the
primary ones.

Mucronate Nitella.

SPECIES V.— N ITELLA GRACILIS. Agardh,

Plate 1903.

Braun, Balenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 24, 25, 57, 58, 59.

Nordst. & TValrfst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 15, 16, 17.

Nitella gracilis, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ; Schweiz.

Char. p. 10 ; in CWm, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 399 ; and Eragm. Monog. Char.

p. 58. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 683 ; and Atlas pi. 41, f. e ; ed. ii.

p. 897 ; and Atlas pi. 47, f. f. Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 256 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ;

Sp. Alg. p. 515 ; and Tah. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 34, f. i. Nordst. in Aaderss.

Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 38. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 128.

Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 247. Leonliardi in Brnnn

Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 170. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 1 ; and Monog. Sver.

Norg. Char. p. 19. E. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 164, t. 210, f. 15.

Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 52. Sydow,

Europ. Char. p. 25.
Chara gracilis, Sm. Engl. Bot. No. 2140. Bruzel. Ohs. Char. pp. 17 and 24. Bischoff*

Hand. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2810. Beichenb. Iconog. Vol. VEIL p. 36,

t. 793. A. Braun in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 53. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 10,

t. i. f. ii. Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 84.
C. exilis, Barlieri in Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 20, t. iii. f. vi.

Monoecious. Bright green. Stem slender, pellucid, without cortical
cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 4 to 7 in a whorl,
capillary, most of them 2 to 3 times bi- or tri- or quadrifurcate, the
ultimate divisions shorter than the lower, often of 2 cells, sharply
mucronate, those of the primary whorls rather lax and with elongated
segments, those of the secondary whorls similar and also lax. Nucules
solitary immediately below all the forks of the rays of the branchlets,
subglobose, 6- to 7-striate, with a very minute deciduous crown.
Globules solitary between the forks of the branchlets, immediately
above the nucules.

184 EXGLTSO BOTANY.

In boggy pools and ditches, very rare.

In St. Leonard's Forest, Sussex, found by Mr. Borrer, from which
station it was described by Smith. Messrs. Groves state that " it has
since been collected by Mr. D. Or, at Glen Cullen, near Ballybetagh,
co. Dublin," by Mr. Nicholson, at Kingston, Surrey ; and by
Mr. Beck with, in Shropshire.

England, Ireland. Annual. Autumn.

A very delicate plant, usually 3 to 6 inches long ; but the form
elongata of Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. No. 58 is more than a foot.
Rays of the primary whorls i to J inch long, much divided, with the
segments as delicate as the filaments of a Conferva ; secondary whorls
similar, but shorter. Sometimes, however, the plant has thicker stems
and branchlets, and the secondary whorls much denser, as in the form
bugellensis, Braun, Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. No. 25, which seems to me
to'come very near Nitella mucronata, var. 8. 17 of the same set, and to
be dissimilar to the typical and elongated states represented t>y Nos. 24,
57 and 58. I have seen neither English nor Irish specimens ; the
Irish is described by Messrs. Groves as a " smaller, stouter form, and
the ultimate rays are shorter, and it is annularly incrusted." Messrs.
Groves describe the nucules "as 6- or 7-striate," but those I have
examined have been mostly 7-striate. Coss. and Germ, say they are
with 4 or 5 strise, and that the fructification takes place in April and
May and in autumn.

Slender Nitella.

SPECIES VI.— N ITELLA TENUISSIMA. Kutzing.

Plate 1904.

Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 60, 103.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 41.

Nitella tenuissima, Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 256 ; Sp. Alg. p. 515 ;
and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 34, f. ii. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i.
p. 683 ; and Atlas pi. 41, f. f ; ed. ii. p. 898 ; and Atlas pi. 47, f. g. Braun,
Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2; Schweiz. Char. p. 10; in Colin, Krypt. El. Schles.
Vol. I. p. 399 : and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 62. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.
Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 246. Leonliardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 169.
Walilst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 19. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880,
p. 163, t. 209, f. 14. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 469. Midler in Bull. Bot. Geneve,
1881, p. 53. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 28. Allen, Char. Amer. p. 13, pi. vi.

N. hyalina, Agardh, Syst. Alg. 126 (teste Bab.). Non DC.

Chara tenuissima, Desv. in Journ. de Botanique, 1809, Vol. II. p. 313. Loisel. Deslong.
Notice, p. 136. Bisclwff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2812. Ganterer,
Osterr. Char. p. 10, t. 1, f. i. Beichenb. Iconog. Vol. VIII. p. 36, t. 791, 792.
A. Braun in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 53. Baking, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V.
p. 85.

CHARACE.E, 185

Monoecious. Dark green. Stems capillary, pellucid, without
cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branclilets 5 to 8 in a
whorl, most of them 3 to 7 times bi- or tri-furcate, the ultimate
divisions longer than the lower, 2-celled and longly mucronate, those
of all the whorls very compact with short segments, so that the whorls
resemble widely separated heads which are mucilaginous and generally
encrusted. Nucules solitary immediately below all the forks of the
rays of the branches, ovoid, 7- to 9-striate with a very minute
deciduous crown. Globules solitary between the forks of the
branchlets immediately above the nucules.

In fen ditches and pits, very rare. In Roydon Fen, Norfolk ;
Bottisham, Wicken, and Burwell Fens, Cambridgeshire ; Anglesea,
(J. E. Griffith) ; first found by Professor Henslow in 1829.

England, Wales. Annual. Summer, Autumn.

A very elegant species, usually 2 to 3 inches high, primary branches
-j^ to -^ inch long, whorls usually \ to ^ inch apart, but sometimes less.

I have a fine series of specimens of this, collected in Burwell Fen by
Dr. J. A. Power, and one from Bottisham Fen collected by Mr. C. A.
Stevens in May, 1838.

N. tenuissima comes near to N. gracilis, but is much smaller,
and very different in appearance from the extreme shortness of the
branches, though it is difficult to find any marked distinction between
them. The terminal or mucro cell of the ultimate rays of the branch-
let is longer in proportion and more gradually tapering than in N.
gracilis.

Dwarf Nitella.

Section II.— TOLYPELLA. A. Braun.

Globules on the inner side of and at the first node of branchlets,
accompanied by 2 to 4 bracts, similar to the branchlet but shorter
and generally unequal. Nucules surrounding the globule.

SPECIES VII.— N ITELLA GLOMERATA. CkevaUier.

Plates 1905 and 1906.

Monoecious (or rarely dioecious ?). Pale or dark olive. Stem rather
stout, transparent or much more commonly opaque from being thickly
encrusted with carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or spine-cells
or stipule-cells. Branchlets 6 to 12 in a whorl, those of the primary

VOL. xii. 2 b

18G ENGLISH BOTANY.

whorls sterile, of 3 to 5 cells, obtuse, unbranched ; fertile whorls ter-
minating the stems, and primary and secondary branches, forming
rather large, oblong-ovoid or oval-ovoid heads consisting of the nume-
rous branchlets and incurved bracts ; branchlets 3- to 5-celled, obtuse,
bearing at the first node 3 or 4 lateral bracts, each bract of 3 or 4
cells, obtuse, similar to the terminal portion of the branchlet, but
shorter and incurved over the nucules and globule. Nucules 2 to 5
together, at the nodes of the fertile branchlets, between the bracts,
oval-ovoid, 8- to 9-striate, with a minute deciduous crown. Grlobules
solitary, lateral on the inner side of the fertile branches between the
bracts, surrounded by the nucules.

Var. a. genuina.
Plate 1905.

Braun, Ralenh. & Stiz. Char. Enrop. Exsicc. No. 17 partly. Nordst. & Wahht. Char.

Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 43, 44, 45.
Nitella glomerata, Chevallier, Fl. Gen. ed. 2, Vol. II. p. 124. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir.

Par. ed. i. p. 681 ; and Atlas pi. 41, f. h, excluding description under explanation

of plate ; ed. 2, p. 893. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 517. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.

Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 270. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. Crepin in

Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130. Fl. Danica, t. 2800. Baling. Man. ed. 8,

p. 470.
N. glomerulifera, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 270. Kiitz.

Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 32, t. 81, f. ii. Not of A. Braun.
N. flexilis, var. glomerulifera, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 514.
Tolypella glomerata. Leonh. in " Lotos, 1863, p. 129 ; " and in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II.

p. 176. Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 22. H. & J. Groves in Journ. of

Bot. 1880, p. 162, t. 209, f. 11. A. Braun, Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 95. Sydoio,

Europ. Char. p. 35.
Chara glomerata, Desv. in Loisel. Deslong. Notice, p. 135. A. Braun in Flora, 1835,

Vol. I. p. 55. BaJcer in Beport of London Bot. Exchange Club for 1867, p. 16 ;

and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 73.
C. glomerulifera, Rupr. in Beitr. zur Pfianz. des Buss. Eeich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 9.
C. prolifera, Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 87. Not of A. Braun.

Monoecious.

Var. /3. Smithii.

Plate 1906.

Nitella Smithii, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 271.

Chara Smithii, Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 86.

C. nidifica, Sm. Engl. Bot. ed. i. No. 1703, principal figure. Not of Roth.

Dioecious ? Only the male plant known.

In pools and ditches, particularly in brackish water, rare.

char ace.*:. 187

Yar. a recorded from Devonshire, Hay ling Island, Hants ; Kent,
Middlesex, Essex, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Lancashire, Huntingdon-
shire, Yorkshire, Anglesea, Forfarshire, and near Dublin. Originally
found near Cley, Norfolk, by Mr. Dawson Turner, and Mr. Borrer, in
1806. Yar. j3 at Lancing, Sussex, in 1804-5, by Mr. Borrer, who
says [Suppl. to Engl. Bot. 1834, Yol. II., under No. 2762] it was
found in a ditch " which I believe the tide never reaches."

England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Annual, perennial.
Spring, early Summer.

Stems much branched, very brittle, light or dark olive, and trans-
parent when not coated with carbonate of lime, as is generally the
case, 3 inches to 1 foot long ; barren branchlets § to 2 inches long.
Fertile heads about J inch long by ^ inch across. [The nucules
sometimes have the spiral investing cells prolonged above the nucleus
or nut, into a short neck, as shewn in one of the nucules on our
plate (1905), which was taken from the more robust specimen thereon
represented, all the nucules of that plant being similar.]

Messrs. H. and J. Groves and MM. Cosson and Germain both cite
No. L7 Braun, Babenh. and Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. But in my set
No. 17 is Nitella mucronata var. tenuior, and there is no N. glome-
rata in the set at all. [This seems to be the case in some other sets.]

With regard to the plant called C. Smithii by Babington, the
question of its identity with the ordinary form of N. glomerata
must remain uncertain ; all the other known species of the section
Tolvpella are monoecious, so it would be a curious circumstance if
N. Smithii were really dioecious ; yet Mr. Borrer was far too acute an
observer, and far too correct, to be likely to make a mistake on the
point. [I have very carefully examined Mr. Borrer's Lancing speci-
men, and only find globules upon it, not a trace of a nucule : this is
therefore, I have no doubt, another case of a polygamous species, as
in that of N. flexilis ; see note under N. syncarpa var. opaca. —
X. E. B.]

Clustered Xitella.

SPECIES YJII.-N ITELLA INTRICATA. Agardh.

Plate 1907 asd 1908.

Monoecious. Very pale olive. Stem rather stout, transparent or more
commonly opaque from being thickly encrusted with carbonate of lime,
without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells. Branchlets 6 to 20
in a whorl ; those of the primary whorls sterile, of 3 to 5 cells, acute,
usually with a few simple or once-branched, 3- or 4-jointed branchlets

188 ENGLISH BOTANY.

similar to the bracts of the fertile whorls, more rarely unbranched.
Fertile whorls terminating the stems and primary and secondary
branches, forming large subglobose heads, consisting of very numerous
branchlets, and incurved bracts. Branchlets 3- to 5-celled, acute,
bearing at the first node 4 or 6 lateral bracts, each bract of 3 or 4 cells
attenuated and acute, similar to the terminal portion of the branches,
but shorter, and incurved over the nucules and globule. Nucules 2 to 8
together at the nodes of the fertile branchlets between the bracts,
[and at the base of the branchlets,] subglobose-ovoid, 8- or 9-striate,
with a minute deciduous crown. Globules solitary, lateral on the
inner side of the fertile branches, between the bracts, surrounded by
the nucules, [and lateral at the base of the branchlets.]

Yar. a. genuina.
Plate 1907.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 18, 33, 108.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 46, 47, 48.

Nitella intricata, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125 (excluding synonym C. flexilis, var. stellata,

Walk-, and the plant quoted from the Baltic Sea). Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par.

ed. ii. p. 893 ; and Atlas pi. 47, f. i. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 39.

Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. Orepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130.

Fl. Danica, t. 2744. Muller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve. 1881, p. 56. Baling.

Man. ed. 8, p. 470.
N. fasciculata, A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 11. Kiltz. Sp. Alg. p. 517; and Tab. Phyc.

Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 36.
N. polysperma, Ki'dz. Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; and Phyc. Germ. p. 255. Walhn. in Kongl.

Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 269.
N. glomerata, Coss. & Germ. Atlas Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i., as to description under

explanation of plate 41, not as to figure.
Tolypella intricata, Leonhardi " in Lotos, 1863, p. 32 ; " and in Brunn, Verhandl. Vol. II.

p. 175. Braun in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 400 ; and Fragm. Monog.

Char. p. 99. Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 22. H. & J. Groves in Journ.

Bot. 1880, p. 163, t. 209, f. 13. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 38.
Chara intricata, Both, Catalecta Bot. Fasc. II. p. 125. Baker in Eeport of London

Bot. Exchange Club for 1867, p. 15 ; and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 73.
C. fasciculata, Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 16, t. iv. f. iv. and t. v. f. iii.
C, polysperma, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 352 ; and in

Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 56. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 12, t. i. f. iii. Baling, in

Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 88.

Branchlets of the sterile whorls 6 to 14, once or twice branched
with the divisions simple or again branched.

CHARACli^E. 189

Yar. ft. prolifera.
Plate 1908.

Nitella prolifera, Kiilz. Pliyc. Germ. p. 255. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.

Stockh. 1854, p. 269. A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3. Crepin in Bull.

Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 130. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 55.

Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 470.
N. fasciculata, var. robustior (printed " robuster " by a typog. error). A. Braun,

Scbweiz. Char. p. 12. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 517.
N. Borreri, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 271.
Tolypella prolifera, Leonhardi " in Lotos, 18G3, p. 57 ;" and in Brunn, Verhandl.

Vol. II. p. 176. Braun in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 401 ; and Fragm.

Monog. Char. p. 97. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 162, t. 209, f. 12.

Sydoio, Europ. Char. p. 37.
Chara prolifera (Ziz. herb.), A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 352 ;

and in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 56.
C. Borreri, Babing. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. Vol. V. 1850, p. 87 ; and Man. Brit. Bot.

ed. iii. p. 421.
C. nidifica, Borrer in Suppl. to Engl. Bot, 1834, Vol. II under No. 2762.
C. intricata, /3. robustior, Baker in Report of London Bot. Exchange Club for 1867 ;

and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 73.

Branches of the sterile whorls 6 to 20, very unequal, simple, more
pointed than in var. a ; the whole plant larger.

In ponds, canals, and ditches. — Yar. a rare, and not persistent in its
localities. In a ditch at Hempstead Wood, Essex, 1861 (Mr. G.
Gibson) ; near Haslingfield (Prof. Babington, 1832), and Harston
(A. Bennett), Cambridgeshire ; " Livermere, near Bury St. Edmund's,
Suffolk, C. R. Leathes " (Mr. Borrer) ; Brammingham, Bedfordshire
(J. Saunders); Sedgefield, Durham (Rev. A. M. Norman); Dutton,
North Yorkshire (Mr. T. Comber); Goole, S.W. Yorkshire (T. Birks) ;
Durham and Dublin. — Yar. /3 extremely rare. Found by Mr. Borrer,
in 1827, in a marsh ditch near Brookside, Henfield, and in 1840
near Rye Farm, Henfield Level, Sussex ; [and has since been found
in Deeping Fen, Lincolnshire, by Mr. Beeby, who kindly sent living
specimens, from which plate 1908 was drawn; and in Cambridgeshire
and Huntingdonshire this year (1884), by Mr. Fryer. The plant
collected by Mr. D. Moore in the grand canal, Glasnevin, Dublin, has
been wrongly referred by Messrs. Groves to N. prolifera, it belongs to
N. intricata, as the sterile branchlets are branched, and not simple as
in the var. prolifera, which has not yet been found in Ireland.]

England, Ireland. Annual. Spring.

Yery similar to N. glomerata, but larger, especially in the " bird's-
nest-like " masses formed by the fertile whorls ; these also are broader,

so as to be almost spherical ; usually about ^ inch in diameter, and
have the bracts tapering and acute, as are also the brauchlets of the
barren whorls. The most important difference, however, seems to be
in the shape of the nucules, which are much more globose in N. intri-
cata than in N. glomerata.

Of var. j:>rolifera I have seen no specimens, either British or foreign ;
except by its larger size, and simple barren branchlets, it seems
undistinguishable from N. intricata.

Many -fruited Nitella.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.
NITELLA NIDIFICA. Agardh.

In the report of the Botanical Exchange Club for the year 1867,
published in 'Journal of Botany' for 1868, at p. 73, Mr. Baker
writes, " A plant gathered many years ago by Dr. Moore in Lough
Neagb, and suspected by him at the time to be the true Chara,
nidifica of the Fl. Danica, may not unlikely prove to be really so.
It has been submitted to Dr. Braun for his opinion, and his reply
is, " Habitus et folia omnino nidijica?, sed seminibus minoribus magis
contortis acceclit ad C. fasciculatum (intricatum).'''' I do not know
if Messrs. Groves have seen this plant, or if it has been found by
any other botanist except the late Dr. Moore.

[Of the Lough Neagh plant mentioned above, there exists in the
Kew Herbarium but one specimen, on which Prof. A. Braun has
written as above quoted, and in his ' Fragmente Monographic
Characeen,' p. 94, he writes of this specimen as follows (transla-
tion):—" Habit of the Baltic N. nidifica, the leaves of the fertile
whorls incurved in the same manner and obtuse. Nucule smaller,
more contorted, 10-gyrate, unripe, 0,46-0,48 mm. long, without the
crown 0,43-0,44 mm. long, nucleus yellowish-green 0,30-0,35 mm.
long." He also says that it is " a form which would seem best
united with N. intricata and prolifera, or rather with N. glomerata."

A very careful examination of this specimen with N. nidifica and N.
glomerata, however, has not corroborated what Braun has stated. A
comparison under the microscope, side by side with typical specimens
of N. nidifica from the Baltic, named by Professors Braun and Nord-
stedt, has failed to disclose the least difference between them. The
nucules examined by Braun must have been quite immature ones,
which are the most numerous on the specimen, but there are a few
which appear to have attained their full growth, and these are neither
smaller nor more contorted than those of N. nidifica, and appear to

CHARACEJ^. 191

be only 7-8-striate as in N. nidifica, not 10-striate as stated; their
shape also is globose or subglobose as in N. nidifica, and lastly the
habit, colour, size, branching, obtuseness and number of the cells of
the branchlets is exactly as in N. nidifica. From N. intricate and its
var. prolifera it is at once distinguished by the very obtuse apical
cell of its branchlets, besides which N. intricata has the sterile ones
branched. It is very much nearer to N. glomerata from which it
chiefly differs in its nearly globose nucule, which is about as broad as
long, whilst in N. glomerata the nucule is ellipsoidal, being distinctly
longer than broad, and often half as long again as broad ; the
branchlets and their rays, or bracts, are also rather more incurved
and more obtuse than in N. glomerata, and more constricted at the
nodes (this may be due to desiccation, although I do not think so, as
all the specimens examined were moistened in water in the same
manner). But for all this, it is questionable whether N. nidifica and
N. glomerata are more than varieties of each other ; but until the
plant is refound in the British Isles and becomes better known, it
appears better to treat it separately, therefore the synonymy of N.
nidifica is given for the Lough Neagh specimen, and a description is
added, taken exclusively from this specimen.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 32.

Nordst & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 84, 85, 86a, 86b.

Nitella nidifica, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 318 ; Phyc. Germ.

p. 255 ; Sp. Alg. p. 517 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 14, t. 37, f. i. A. Braun,

Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3.
N. Stenhammariana, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. p. 271.
Tolypella nidifica, Leonhardi in Brunn, Verhandl. p. 176 (footnote), and p. 214.

Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 21. A. Braun, Fragru. Monog. Char. p. 93.

Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 34.
Chara nidifica, Both, Catalecta, fasc. II. p. 126, note under C. intricata. Bruzel. Obs.

Char. pp. 17 and 23 (excluding syn. C. nidifica, Sm.). Baker in Report of London

Bot. Exchange Club for 1867, p. 16; and in Journ. Bot. 1868, p. 74. Buprecht

in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Russ. Reich. 1845, dritt. liefer, p. 8.
C. flexilis, var. nidifica, Hartm. Scand. Fl. ed. 4, p. 358. Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand.

p. 60.
C. flexilis, var. marina, Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. p. 718 (partly).
C. flexilis, var. prolifera, Wallroth, Comp. Fl. Germ. Vol. II. p. 105 (partly).
C. Stenhammariana, Wallm. in Add. Liljeblad Svensk. Fl. ed. 3, p. 686.
Conferva nidifica, Midler, Fl. Danica, t. 761.

Monoecious. Dark olive ? drying blackish. Stem moderately
stout, unencrusted, without cortical cells or spine-cells or stipule-cells.
Branchlets 6 to 8 in a whorl, those of the sterile whorls unbranched,
of 3 to 5 cells, the terminal cell very obtuse (truncately-rounded) ;
fertile whorls in dense heads, terminating the stem and branches,
branchlets 3-5-celled, very obtuse, strongly incurved, bearing at the

192 ENGLISH BOTANY.

first node 3 or 4 simple lateral bracts, each bract of 3 to 5 cells, very
obtuse, shorter than the terminal portion of the branchlet and like it
strongly incurved. Nucules 3 to 4 together in the axils of the bracts,
globose or subglobose, 7 to 8 -striate, with a very minute crown.
Globules solitary, surrounded by the nucules.

Lough Neagh, found by Mr. D. Moore in July, 1837. On the
Continent N. nidifica grows in salt or brackish water, but this can
scarcely be the case with the Irish specimen.

Ireland. Summer.

Stems branched, not coated with carbonate of lime, flexible, 3 to 4
inches long ; sterile branchlets 1 to 2 inches long. Fertile heads
about £ inch in diameter. — N. E. B.]

CHARACE.E. 193

GENUS II— C H A R A. Agardh.

Internodes of the stem subopaque (rarely pellucid), usually with a
covering of slender parallel cortical cells [rarely naked], and gene-
rally furnished with one or two whorls of stipule-cells below each
whorl of branchlets. Nucule with a crown of five erect or spreading
cells in one row, persistent.

Section L— LYCHNOTHAMNUS. Euprecht.

Internodes of the stem naked, without a covering of parallel cells,
but with a whorl of long stipule-cells at the base of each whorl of
branchlets. Globule by the side of the nucule, within the bracts.
Nucule with a crown of 5 minute cells.

SPECIES I.— CHAR A ALOPECUROIDEA. " Delile," A. Braun*

Plate 1909.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 62, 63, 81.

Nordst. & Waldst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 20, 21, 21b, 22a, 22b.

Chara alopeciiroidea (Delile, Herb.) and vars. A. Braun, Scbweiz. Char. p. 13. Kiitz.

Sp. Alg. p. 518 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 18, t. 45, f. ii.
C. alopecuroides, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 281 ; A. Braun,

Consp. Char. Europ. p. 3 ; and in Monatsbericht Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867,

pp. 798 and 896. Babing. in Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 193, t. 7 ; and Man. ed. 8,

p. 470. Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2745.
C. intricate, Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 125, (partly, — as to the plant from the Baltic Sea,

according to an authentic specimen from Agardh, in the Kew Herbarium !)
C. papulosa, Wallr. Flor. Crypt. Germ. ii. p. 107.
C. Pouzolsii, (Gay, Herb.) A. Braun in Flora 1835, Vol. I. p. 58.
C. Wallrothii, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Eeich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 12.

Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 41.
Lychnothamnus Wallrothii, Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 23.
Lychnothamnus alopecuroides, H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 161, t. 209, f. 10.
Lamprothamnus alopecuroides, A. Braun, Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 100, t. vi. f. 185-188.

Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 41.

[* The name C. alopecuroidea is so generally used for this plant, that there is perhaps
littlo use in changing it now ; but its oldest published name, and that which according
to the laws of botanical nomenclature should be adopted for it under Chara, is G.
papulosa, Wallr. published in 1833 ; the next oldest is C. Pouzolsii (Gay Herb.), pub-
lished by Braun in 1835, and why he should have changed it in 1847 to C. alopecu-
roidea, does not appear, for according to the type specimens, Gay's MSS. name was
given in 1822, and Delile's in 1827, so that even on the ground of manuscript priority
(which cannot be admitted) there was no reason for the change. — N. E. B.]

VOL. XII. . 2 c

194 ENGLISH BOTANY.

Monoecious. Dark green or olive. Stem slender, translucent,
without cortical cells or spine-cells, but with very long retrorse spine-
like stipule-cells, in one whorl, lower portion often with small one-celled
bulbils. Branchlets 6 to 9 in a whorl, 3- to 5-jointed, the 2 or 3
lower joints nearly equal, and as thick as the stem, the terminal one
much smaller and spine-like. Bracts 6 to 8 in a whorl, at all the nodes
of the branchlets except the last one, spreading, spine-like, mostly all
larger than the nucules. Xucules solitary at the lower nodes of the
branches in the axils of the bracts, oval-ovoid, 10- to 12-striate, with
a minute persistent subentire crown. Globules solitary on the inner
side of the fertile branches, between the bracts alongside of the nucule.

In brackish water, very rare. Abundant in the shallow water of
the brine pans on the west mouth of New Town, Isle of Wight, first
found by Mr. A. G. More in August, 1862, and again in 1863, in the
pits or reservoirs on the east side of the creek close to the village of
New Town, growing in salt water 18 inches to 2 feet deep, [also
found there in July 1881 by Mr. Charles Bailey]. Journ. Bot. 1863,
p. 193 ; 1871, p. 207 ; [and 1881, p. 356].

England. Perennial. Summer.

A small plant, 3 to 6 inches long, the stems scarcely so thick as
a darning-needle, with branchlets \ to f inch long, the lowest ones
generally unicellular, and without stipule-cells, which are present at
the base of all the fertile whorls, and are sometimes nearly as long as
the first joint of the branchlet. This first joint is generally about as
long as the succeeding one, but sometimes only half as long.

The spine-like bracts and stipule-cells give this plant a very bristly
appearance, which, together with the uncorricated cells readily dis-
tinguish it from all the British Charae. Messrs. Groves sav that the Isle
of Wight specimens appear to be nearer the var. Montagnei of Braun,
which I have not seen, but they appear to me not to differ from the
Baltic variety Wallrothii in Xordstedt et Wahlstedt, ' Characeee Scan-
dinavian Exsiccata?,' Xo. 21 B. The number 21 of the same set, and
Xo. 81 of Braun, Rabenhorst and Stizenberger's published set, has
more slender branches and longer stipule-cells and bracts than in any
of the Isle of "Wight specimens I have seen. [Between Delile's type
of C. abpecaroidea, and the so-called varieties Montagnei (Montague's
specimens !), and Wallrothii, as named by Braun in the Kew Herba-
rium, and the Isle of Wight plant, I fail to find any distinction, beyond
degree of incrustation ; and Gay's type of C. PouzoUii only differs in
its longer and more slender bract-cells and stipulodes. — X. E. B.]

Foxtail Chara.

CHARACE.E. 195

Section II.-TOLYPELLOPSIS. Leonhardi (CHARGE
ASTEPHAN.E. A. Brawn.)

Internodes of the stem pellucid, naked, without a covering of parallel
cortical cells, and with the stipule-cells at the base of each whorl of
branchlets rudimentary or absent. [Dioecious. Globules at the nodes
of the branchlets, between the bracts, solitary or in pairs.] Nucules
[at the nodes of the branchlets, solitary (always ?),] with a persistent
crown of 5 very minute cells.

SPECIES II.-C HARA STELLIGERA. Bauer*

Plate 1910.

Br ami, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 1, 34.

Nordst, & Waliht. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 49a, 49b.

Chara obtusa, Dcsv. in Loisel. Deslongch. Notice sur les plantes a ajouter a la Flore de

France, p. 136. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 1, t. 216.
C. stelligera, "Bauer in Moessler's Handb. der Gewiich. ed. 2, p. 1595." Bischoff,

Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2805. A. Braun in Ann. des Sciences Nat.

2nd ser. Yol. I. p. 352 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 55 ; Consp. Char. Enrop. p. 4 ;

and in Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 402. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 11,

t. i. f. iv. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 127. Leonhardi in Brimn

Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 177. Waliht. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 24. Baling. Man.

ed. 8, p. 470.
C. vulgaris, var. elongata, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 182.
C. ulvoides, Bertol. in Bruni Nuov. Collez. d'Opusc. Scient. 1826, p. 113; and Fl. Ital.

Vol. X. p. 21. Amici, Descriz. Char. p. 21, t. iv. f. viii. and ix. Ganterer, Osterr.

Char. p. 11, t. i. f. v.
C. translucens, and var. stelligera, Beichenb., Iconog. Vol. IX. p. 2, t. 804, 805.
Nitella stelligera, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 318 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 255 ; Sp. Alg. p. 518 ; and

Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 11, t. 27, f. i. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p.

681 ; and Atlas, pi. 41, f. g ; ed. ii. p. 892 ; and Atlas, pi. 47, f. h. Wallm. in

Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 267.
N. ulvoides, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 318. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh.

1854, p. 267.
N. Bertolonii, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 11, t. 26, f. ii.
Lychnothamnus stelliger. A. Braun, Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 102, t. vi. f. 189. Sydow,

Europ. Char. p. 45.

Dioecious. Olive green. Stem rather stout, translucent or opaque
from being encrusted with carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or

* [Mr. Boswell has followed Braun in adopting Bauer's name C. stelligera for this
plant ; but Desvaux's name C. obtusa has the claim of priority, and concerning the
identity of the two there is no doubt, as specimens from both authors are preserved in
the Kew Herbarium. — N. E. B.]

2 c 2

196 ENGLISH BOTANY.

spine-cells, and with rudimentary stipule-cells in one whorl, scarcely
projecting above the surface ; lower portion of the stem almost always
with the whorls of branchlets rudimentary, and full of starch-grains,
[bulbils] resembling white, stellately 5- to 7-lobed rings, surrounding
the stem. Branchlets 4 to 8 in a whorl, 1- to 3-celled, subobtuse,
apiculate, simple or with 1 or 2 1-celled bracts at the nodes, resembling
the terminal portion of the brancblet. " Nucules subglobose, 9-striate ;
coronula minute, conical, persistent ; globules solitary or 2 together."
(Groves, Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 2.) [When the globules are in pairs,
only one bract is developed, the second globule taking the place of
one of the bracts.]

In deep water, very rare. In Filby Broad, 8 miles from Great
Yarmouth, growing in water 4 feet deep ; Hickling Broad, Somerton
Broad, Stalbam Broad, and Hundred Stream, Potter Heigham, Norfolk.
South Devon. First found by Mr. Arthur Bennett, in September, 1880.

England. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

A large plant, somewhat resembling Nitella translucens. Stem as
thick as a stocking-wire, and the branchlets 2 to 6 inches long,
[sometimes, and especially in the form called C. ulvoides, much stouter
than represented on Plate 1910]. Eemarkable on account of the white
granular starlike bulbils on the lower part of the stem;* from which
mainly the plant is propagated, as it very seldom fruits, though Mr.
Bennett has found both the male and female plants in Filby Broad.

I have not seen British specimens, nor any foreign specimens, with
either nucules or globules.

Star-bearing Chara.

Section III.— EU-CHARA,

Internodes of the stem more or less opaque, [rarely pellucid,] with
[or rarely without] a covering of parallel cortical cells, and with 2 whorls
(rarely only 1 whorl) of stipule-cells at the base of each whorl of
branchlets. Globule placed below the nucule taking the place of one
of the bracts, [or borne on a separate plant from that which bears
nucules]. Nucule with a persistent crown of 5 conspicuous cells, which
are erect or spreading.

[A. Stem and branchlets without cortical cells, stipule-cells in one
whorl.

[* For an account of these and the bulbils on other species of Chara, see A. Clavaucl
in ' Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France,' Vol. X. pp. 137-148, pi. iii.]

CHARACE.E. 197

SPECIES III.— C HARA BRAUNII. Gmelin.

Plate 1911.

Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 10, 64.

Nordst. & Waldst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. No. 87.

Chara Braunii, Gmelin, Fl. Badensis Alsatica, Vol. IV. (Suppl.) p. 646. Bischoff, Krypt.

Gewachse, p. 26, t. i. f. 5. Reichenb. Iconog. Bot. Vol. IX. p. 1, t. 802. Wallm. in

KongL Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 286. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser

1863, p. 11. Waldst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 24.
C. coronata, (Ziz. Herb.) Bischoff, Krypt. Gewachse, p. 26, t. i. f. 7 ; and Handb. Bot.

Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2817. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I.

p. 353 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 59 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 4 ; in Monatsber.

Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 897 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Scbles. Vol. I. p.

403 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 108. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 13, t. i. f. vi.

Kiltz. Sp. Alg. p. 520 ; and Tab. Phyc, Vol. VII. p. 17, t. 43, f. i. Durieu, Explor.

de P Algerie, Bot. Atlas, pi. 39, f. 3. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 179.

Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 59. Allen, Char. Amer. p. 7, pi. iii. ;

and in Amer. Naturalist, Vol. XVI. p. 358, with plate and several woodcuts.

Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 48. Coss. & Germ. Atlas Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. pi. 44.
C. flexilis, Amiei Descriz. Chara, p. 5, t. i., f. i., and t. iii., f. i., not of Linn.
C. Cortiana, Bertoloni in Amiei Descriz. Chara, p. 8 ; and Fl. Ital. Vol. X. p. 16.
C. eremosperma, Ru_pr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Buss. Beich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 12.
C. Stalii, Tisiani, Fl. Dalm. Vol. III. p. 334. Bleneghini in Atti della ottava Beunione

degli Scienziati Italiani, Genova, 1847, p. 553.
Charopsis Braunii, Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ; and Phyc. Germ. p. 257.
Nitella Braunii, Rabenh. Deutsch. Krypt. Fl. ed. i. Vol. II. p. 197.

Monoecious. Bright green or olive. Stem slender or moderately
stout, flexible, translucent or rarely opaque from being encrusted with
carbonate of lime, without cortical cells or spine-cells ; stipule-cells in
one whorl, of the same number as there are branchlets in a whorl,
and alternating with them, very short, spreading, acute. Branchlets
7 to 11 in a whorl, ascending, or slightly incurved, without cortical
cells, 3- to 5-jointed ; their joints of nearly equal length, the terminal
joint tipped with from 2 to 5 minute acute cells. Bracts 3 to 10 in a
whorl, those on the inner side of the branchlet usually shorter than
the nucules, but sometimes as long or longer ; those on the outside of
the branchlet shorter than the inner ones, rudimentary, or altogether
deficient, especially at the sterile nodes of the branchlet. Nucules in
the axils of the bracts at the 2 or 3 lowest nodes of the branchlets,
solitary, or in pairs, or at the lowest node sometimes 3 together, ovoid,
9- to 11-striate, with a short erect, somewhat spreading, or connivent
crown, when ripe of a brownish-yellow colour with a blackish nucleus.
Globules solitary or in pairs placed immediately beneath the nucules.

198 ENGLISH BOTANY.

In a canal near Reddish, South Lancashire ; discovered by Mr.
Charles Bailey in September, 1883.

England. Annual ? Summer, Autumn.

Stems branched, slender or moderately stout, very variable in size,
being from 2 to 18 inches in length, with branchlets from -L of an inch
to an inch or more long, the internodes of the stem being shorter or
longer than the branchlets ; the length of the bracts and size of the
nucules also vary considerably. The Lancashire plant is rather more
slender than usual, and the nodes of the branchlets are not constricted
as in the Continental forms.

C. Braunii is one of the most distinct species of British Charas,
being readily known by its uncorticated stems and branchlets, and
the minute cells at the tips of the branchlets, which consist of the
very reduced apical cell and the bracts of the ultimate node, and are
very similar to those that terminate the branchlets of Nitella trans-
lucens. The claim of this species to be considered a native plant is
perhaps somewhat doubtful, since Messrs. Groves state (Journ. Bot.
1884, p. 4) that the water of the canal in which it grows "is raised
to an abnormal temperature by the hot water from the adjacent mills.
Naias alagnensis* a native of Egypt, has been found in the same
neighbourhood, and as its introduction is ascribed to the use of
Egyptian cotton in the mills, there seems a possibility of C. Braunii,
also an inhabitant of Egypt, having been introduced by the same
means, although the distribution of the latter is such as to make its
occurrence in this country probable."

This species is found nearly all over the world, therefore it is not
unlikely to prove a native of the British Isles, and should be looked
for in ponds, streams, lakes, &c. — N. E. B.

B. Stem with as many rows of cortical cells as there are branchlets
to a whorl, stipule-cells in two whorls, all well developed, setaceous.']

SPECIES IV.-CHARA CRINITA. WaUr.

Plate 1912.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 6, 65, 66, 67, 68, 80, 118.

Nordst. & WcMst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 29b.

Chara crinita, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 190, t. iii. Bruzel. Obs. Char. pp. 10 and 19.

Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 126. Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2821.

A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 356 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p.

70; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5; in Cuhi, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 401; in

[* A very full account with good figures of this plant, will be found in the Journal
of Botany 1884, p. 305, where it is described as Naias graminea, Delile, var. Delilei,
Magnus.]

CHARACE.E. 199

Monatsber. Akad. Wissensck. 1867, p. 901 ; and Fragm. Mouog. Char. p. 137, t. vii.

f. 221-2. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and

Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 69, f. i. Rupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. Russ. Reich.

1815, dritte liefer, p. 18. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 14, t. ii. f. viii. Baling, in

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 88 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 471. Wallm. in Kongl.

Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 319. Waltht. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 31 ; and

Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 25. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 41.

Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl.

Vol. II. p. 180. Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2747. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 52. Allen,

Char. Arner. p. 5, pi. ii. ; and Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX. p. 40, pi. xviii.
C. hispida, var. crinita, TValrfenb. Fl. Suec. p. 717.
C. Karelini, Lessing in Linntea, Vol. IX. p. 213. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.

Stockh. 1854, p. 322. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 28, t. 71, f. ii.
C. condensata, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 320 ; not of Rupr.
C. pusilla (Dethard), Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 706 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320.

Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 260 ; (Floerke) Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 526 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol.

VII. p. 28, t. 69, f. ii.
C. canescens, H. & J. Groves, in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 134, t. 208, f. 9 ; scarcely of Loisel.

Deslong*
C. evoluta, Allen in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX. p. 41, pi. xix.
C. altaica, A. Br. Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 148, t. vii., f. 228-231.

Dioecious [or rarely monoecious]. Dark green. Stem slender, trans-
lucent, or opaque from being encrusted with carbonate of lime, rather
faintly spirally striate from being coated with as many cortical cells
as there are branchlets in the whorl, and with numerous (usually very
numerous) spreadiDg or spreading-retrorse fasciculated long setaceous
spines ; stipule-cells in two whorls, all are setaceous and spine-like.
Branchlets 8 to 10 in a whorl (mostly 5, Braun), short, slender, often
incurved, 4- to 8-jointed (mostly 5-jointed, Braun), clothed with
cortical cells, except 1 or 2 joints at the apex. Bracts 7 to 1 1 in a
whorl, at all the nodes of the branches, except sometimes the last 1 or
2, spreading-ascending, spine-like, mostly all longer than the nucules,
usually twice as long [or the innermost bracts very much shorter than
the nucules]. Nucules in the axils of the bracts at 2 or 3 or rarely 4
of the lowest nodes of the branch, obloug-oval, 10- to 13-striate,
with a conspicuous erect persistent crown. Globules on separate
plants from those bearing nucules, very rarely produced.

In pools of brackish water, very rare. Budock Pool, near
Falmouth, Cornwall, Rev. W. L. P. Garnons.f Here it grows in

[* According to specimen named by Desveaux, in the Kew Herbarium, which is
probably authentic, C. canescens Loisel. Deslong. is C. aspera, Willd.]

[t By Professor Babington this locality is incorrectly spelt Burdock Pool in Ann.
Nat. Hist, and in Man. Brit. Bot. ed. 8.]

200 ENGLISH BOTAXT.

company with Ch. aspera. Little Sea, Studland, Dorset, Mr. Bolton
King. West Cornwall. Ireland, D. Moore, no exact locality given.
The male plant only is in Professor Babington's Herbarium.

England, Ireland. Annnal. Summer, Autumn.

Very variable in size, being from 1 inch to 18 inches or more, and
with the branchlets -J- to 1 inch long. The smaller forms seem to be
more densely spinous than the larger, judging from the specimens in
the Char. Europ. Exsicc. and the Char. Scandinav. Exsicc. I have not
seen any British specimen.

The shape of the nucules is apparently variable. I have described
them from the published sets above mentioned. \Yallroth figures them
linear-fusiform, and describes them as ' oblongo-linear.' Babington
gives 'narrowly-oblong,' and Groves 'oval,' as their form.

The globules are very rarely seen. "Wallroth says he never saw
them, and A. Braun says that in Germany and Scandinavia the
female plant only is found, and the fructification is parthenogenetic.

[The male plant of this species is excessively rare in Europe, but the
hermaphrodite plant is not unlikely to be found, as in N. America a
monoecious state of it has been discovered and described as a distinct
species (C. evoluta) by Dr. Allen, but it is certainly nothing more
than the hermaphrodite plant of C. crinita, and further supports the
opinion expressed under N. syncarpa var. opaca, that the character
monoecious or dioecious, unless accompanied with such distinctions as
cannot be regarded as correlated with sex, is not a specific character,
especially in such a group as this, where the species vary exceedingly,
and the characters within certain limits are most unstable, and even
when constant in certain localities, are possibly only conditional upon
the depth, temperature, exposure, and chemical constituents of the
water they grow in. C. altaica, Braun, is also the hermaphrodite
plant of C. crinita. Not having seen fresh British specimens, my
drawing was made partly from the Irish specimen, and partly from
Continental ones. — N. E. B.

Bearded Chara.

0. Stem with twice as many rows of cortical cells as there are
branchlets in a whorl ; stipule cells in two ichorls, papillate, ovoid, or
setaceous.']

SPECIES V.-C HARA TOMENTOSA. Linn.

Plate 1913.

Braun, Eabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 8, 9, 35, 36.
Nordst. & WaMst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 30, 31, 50, 50b, 51, 52, 53, 54, 88, 89.
Chara tomentosa, Linn, Sp. PL ed. i. p. 1156. Homemann, Fl. Danica, t. 1941. Bmzel,
Obs. Char. pp. 13 and 20. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 127. Eupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz.

CIIARACE.E. 201

Piuss. Eeicb. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 15. Kuiz. Pbyc. Gen. p. 321 ; Pbyc. Germ.

p. 260 ; Sp. Alg. p. 526 ; and Tab. Pbyc. Vol. VII. p. 29, t. 74, f. i. Baling, in

Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 90 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 472. Walha. in Kongl.

Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 317. Nordst. in Anders*. Bot. Notiser, 1863,

p. 51. WaUst. Monog. Sver. Xorg. Cbar. p. 30. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot.

1880, p. 130, t. 207, f. 5.
C. latifolia, Willd. in Gesellscbaft Nat. Freunde zu Berlin Hag. Vol. III. p. 299. Hook.

Lond. Journ. Bot. 1842, Vol. I. p. 43 ; and Icon. PI. Vol. VI. t. 532.
C. eeratopbylla, Wall,: Annus Bot, p. 192, t. v. Bruz. Obs. Cbar. p. 20. Agardh,

Syst. Alg. p. 127. Homemann, Fl. Danica. t. 1654. Bischoff, Krypt. Gewacbse,

t. i. f. 16 ; and Handbk. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2816. Kiitz. Pbyc. Gener.

p. 321 ; Pbyc. Germ. p. 260 ; Sp. Alg. p. 526 ; and Tab. Pbyc. Vol. VII. p. 29,

t. 73. Ganterer, Osterr. Cbar. p. 16, t. ii. f. x. xi. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.

Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 318. Wahht. Bidr. Skand. Cbar. p. 34. Leonliardi in

Brnnn Verbandl. Vol. II. p. 197. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser.

Vol. I. p. 355 ; Consp. Cbar. Europ. p. 5 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 65 ; Scbweiz.

Cbar. p. 18 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Scbles. Vol. I. p. 404 ; and Fragm. Monog. Cbar.

p. 139. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 60. Sydow, Europ. Cbar.

p. 66.

Dioecious. Dark green, or greenish-grey, or even greenish-white
from beiDg encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem stout and
somewhat translucent when not encrusted, but opaque from having a
thick covering of carbonate of lime when growing in fresh water,
conspicuously spirally striate from being clothed with twice as many
cortical cells as there are branchlets in the whorl, and with scattered
ovate-conical or ovoid apiculate spine-cells, situated on the primary
cortical cells (i.e. those which correspond to the branchlets).
Stipule-cells in 2 whorls (sometimes 3, Braun), ovate-ovoid, acuminated,
resembling the spine-cells, but smaller. Branchlets 5 to 7 in a whorl
("mostly 6," Braun), moderately long, stout, often incurved, 4- to 6-
jointed, clothed with cortical cells, except 1 to 3 joints at the apex
which are naked and larger, pellucid, oblong or cylindrical, some-
times tipped by a small cell resembling the spine-cells. Bracts
mostly 5 in a whorl, unequal, oval-ovoid or oblong-ovoid or cylin-
drical, mostly acute and apiculate ; the lateral ones longer than the
nucules, 3 before it shorter or rudimentary. Xucules in the axils
of the bracts of 1 or 2, rarely 3, of the lowest nodes of the branchlet,
oval-ovoid, 12- to 14-striate, with a conspicuous spreading-erect
persistent crown. Globules on a separate plant from that bearing
nucules, much more common than nucules.

In fresh and salt water, very rare. Belvedere Lake, West Meath,
found by Dr. D. Moore in 1 841 ; and afterwards found by him in

VOL. XII. 2 D

202 ENGLISH BOTANY.

another locality in the river Shannon below Porturnna. Hundred
Stream, near Potter Heigham, Norfolk, A. Bennett.

England, Ireland. Perennial. Autumn.

A very variable plant. The Irish specimens I have seen belong to
a very small form, with slightly branched, brittle, greatly encrusted
stems and branchlets, the latter with 1 or 2 of the lower joints
furnished with cortical cells, but sometimes (especially in the lower
part of the stem) the branchlets consist of but a single long cell
without cortical layers. The primary cortical cells are much more
prominent than the secondary cortical cells. The spine-cells and
stipule-cells are much smaller in size than in the ordinary continental
forms, but Messrs. Groves give a figure of one of the Porturnna
specimens in Dr. Moore's herbarium, which is furnished with large
stipule-cells.

Xucules appear to be very rare in this plant. I have described
them from Xordstedt and TTahlstedt's ' Characess Scandinavia? Ex-
siccata?,' Xo. 88. The globules are frequently to be met with, and
are much larger than the nucules.

Tomentose Chara.

SPECIES VI.— C HARA FCETIDA. A. Bran*.

Plates 1914 and 1915.

Monoecious. Dark green or more often greenish-grey or even
greenish-white, from being encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem
slender or rather slender, brittle, translucent when not encrusted, but
much more usually opaque from having a thick covering of carbonate
of lime, strongly spirally striate, clothed with twice as many cortical
cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, slightly rough, without spine-
cells or with few or (more rarely) numerous scattered papilliform or
oblong-cylindrical, generally appressed, obtuse spine-cells, situated on
the primary cortical cells in the upper part of the internodes ; stipule-
cells in 2 whorls, inconspicuous, resembling papilla?. Branchlets 6 to
10 in a whorl, mostly 8, long or short, slender, often incurved but
sometimes recurved, 5- to 7-jointed ; clothed with cortical cells, except
from 2 to 4, mostly 3 joints at the apex, which are naked. Bracts 4,
rarely 6, developed on the inner side of the branch, those on the outer
side rudimentary or absent, oblong-cylindrical or setaceous, obtuse, the
two interior ones longer than the others, and generally twice or more

CHARACEiE. 203

the length of the nucule, rarely only equalling it. Nucules in the axils
of the bracts at 2 to 5 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid,
12- to 14-striate, with a conspicuous erect persistent crown. Globule
solitary with the nucule, and placed immediately below it.

[Var. a. genuina.

Plate 1914.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 7, 39, 40, 41, 69, 82, 83 91, 110.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97.
C. foetida, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 354; in Flora 1835
Vol. I. p. 63 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 14 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Monatsber. Akad.
"Wissensch. 1867, p. 910 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 406 ; and Fra^m.
Monog. Char. p. 159. Bischoff, Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 57, f. 2807 and 2815.
Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 679 ; and Atlas, p. 37 ; ed. ii. p. 889, and
Atlas, pi. 41, f. 1-7. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 18, t. ii. f. xii. xiii. Wallm. in
Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 304. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 11 ;
and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 26. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 45.
Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 125. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl.
Vol. II. p. 190. Baling. Man. ed. viii. p. 471. Mailer in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,
1881, p. 70 (32 forms described). Sijdow, Europ. Char. p. 72.
C. vulgaris, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 1156, in part. 8m. Engl. Bot. No. 336. Wallroth,
Annus Bot. p. 179, t. i. Bruzel, Obs. Char. pp. 5 and 21. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p.
128. Eiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 319 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 258; Sp. Alg. p. 523 ; and Tab
Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 24, t. 58, f. i. Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. Buss. Reich. 1845,
dritte liefer, p. 12. Babing. in Aun. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 89. H. & J.
Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 133, t. 208, f. 8.
C. montana, Pers. Synop. Vol. II. p. 530.

C. atrovirens, Loire in Trans. Cambr. Philos. Soc. Vol. VI. p. 551.
C. funicularis, Thuill Fl. Envir. Par. p. 473.

C. decipiens, Desv. in Loisel. Deslong. Notice sur le PI. a ajouter a la Fl. de France, p. 138.
C. papillata, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 183.

C. collabens, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 524.

C. stricta, C. refracta, Eiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 707 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; and

also C. polysperma, Phyc. Germ. p. 258 ; Sp. Alg. p. 523-4 ; and Tab. Phyc.

Vol. VII. p. 24, t. 59, f. i. and t. 58, f. ii. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.

Stockh. 1854, pp. 306, 307, 328.

C. seminuda and C. longibracteata, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. pp. 21, 25, t. 59, f. ii.

and t. 60, f. i.
C. crassicaulis (Schreber), Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 25, t. 60, f. ii. A. Braun,
Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 921 ;*
and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 168.

[* The description at this place does not agree with crassicaulis, but appears rather
to belong to the form subhisjjida.]

2 d 2

204 ENGLISH BOTANY.

C. coarctata, C. spbaguoides, C. longibracteata, and C. crispa. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet.

Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, pp. 301, 302, 305, and 811.
C. subliispida, A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 107 ; and Fragni. Monog.

Char. p. 1G7.

Spine-bearing primary cortical cells, less prominent than the spine-
less secondary cells.

Var. /3. contraria. Coss. & Germ.

Plate 1915.

Braun, Babenli. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 37, 38, 84, 88, 89, 90, 120.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 77b.

Cbara fcetida, var. contraria, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. ii. p. 890 ; and Atlas,

pi. 41, f. 8.
C. contraria, A. Braun ex Eiitz. Phyc. Germ. p. 258 ; Sp. Alg. p. 523 ; and Tab. Pbyc.

Vol. VII. p. 25, t. 61. A. Braun, Schweiz. Char. p. 15; Consp. Char. Europ. p.

6 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 905 ; in Coin, Krypt. Fl.

Schles. Vol. I. p. 405 ; and Fragni. Monog. Char. p. 141. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet.

Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 304. Walilst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 15 ; and Monog.

Sver. Norg. Char. p. 31. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Nordst.

in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 46. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p.

201. E. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 354, t. 224, f. 2. Baling. Man. ed.

8, p. 471. Miiller in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 64 (14 forms described).

Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 57.
C. fcetida, var. moniliformis, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 355.
C. fcetida, var. hispidula, Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas, p. 37,

f. 5.

Spine-bearing primary cortical cells more prominent than the spine-
less secondary cortical cells.]

In pools, ditches, streams, etc. [Yar. a.—] Yery common, and gene-
rally distributed, extending to Orkney. [Yar. /3.— Is recorded from
several counties, and if searched for, will probably be found in most.]

England, Scotland, Ireland. Annual or perennial. Summer, Autumn.

A very variable plant, varying in length from 3 or 4 inches to
nearly 2 feet, with stems usually about the thickness of a darning-
needle, but sometimes considerably thicker. The distance of the whorls,
the length and direction of the branches, the length of the bracts, the
number and shape of the spine-cells, are all liable to great variation.
One of the most distinct forms is the var. crassicaulis of Schleicher,
which is regarded as a distinct species by Braun. This resembles C.
tomentosa in miniature, having the stem and the brancblets thicker
than in the type. Messrs. Groves state that there are in the British
Museum and Kew Herbaria [Borrer Herbarium] specimens of this

CHARACE.E. 205

form from Coventry Park, "Warwick, collected by Mr. T. Kirk in 1856.
[The Kew Herbarium also contains a specimen labelled ' Ireland
D. Moore.' The plant collected by Mr. G. Nicholson at Thornton-le-
Street, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, is stated by Messrs. Groves in Journ.
Bot. 1881, p. 356 to be var. crassicaulis, it is, however, not that plant,
but the form subhispida, (which Braun first described as a variety
afterwards as a species,) having very prominent secondary cortical
cells and numerous spine-cells. The var. crassicaulis has all the
cortical cells nearly equally prominent, no spine-cells, or only very
minute ones, and short incurved stoutish branchlets, with their
terminal uncorticated joints much stouter than usual, and in the dried
state apparently inflated.] The figure they give of this plant in the
' Journal of Botany,' however, appears to have much more tapering
branches than the specimens given in Xo. 69 of Braun, Rabenh.
and Stiz. Char. Eur., and Xo. 97 of Wahlstedt and Xordstedt, Char.
Scand. [This number (97) in the Kew set is not var. crassicaulis
at all, but the form subhispida, = C. collabens, Ag. !]

[A form in which the nucleus of the ripe nucules is black instead of
brown(var. melanop>yrena,A.. Braun), is stated by Messrs. Groves to have
been collected near Bridgerule, Cornwall, by Mr. W. Rogers in 1883.

Yar. contraria is usually smaller, more rigid, and has shorter and
more incurved branchlets than most of the forms of var. a, but exhibits
much the same general range of variation, and some forms are only to
be distinguished from the type, by the greater prominence of the
primary cortical cells, i.e., those which correspond to the middle of
the base of the branchlets, and upon which the spine-cells are placed,
which is the chief and only reliable character ; as in all the forms of
var. a they are less prominent than the secondary ones. C.jubata,
Braun (C. contraria xsx.jubata, Miiller), which appears to be only a
deep-water state of the var. contraria, and only differs from it by its
longer stems with very distant whorls of exceedingly short branchlets
which are sometimes reduced to mere papilla? £ to -J- of a line long,
sometimes 1 to 3 lines long, may perhaps be found in some of our lakes. 1

Generally speaking, C. fcetida is more or less whitish from beino-
encrusted with carbonate of lime, but dark bright green forms, \C.
atrovirens,~] without encrustation occasionally occur. [The variety or
state, gymrwphylla, A. Braun, in which the branchlets are uncorticated
is not unlikely to occur, and should be searched for.] Messrs. Groves
in their excellent paper on British Characere in the ' Journal of
Botany,' have reverted to the name vulgaris for this species, but
although the name fcetida has been used with different decrees of
latitude by Braun himself, it is generally accepted subject to different
opinions as to species and varieties. At any rate, the name vulgaris
is untenable as dating back to Linnaeus, who under it included forms
now universally considered distinct. C. fcetida possesses in a special
degree an unpleasant odour.

Fetid Chara.

206 ENGLISH BOTAXY.

SPECIES VII.— CHARA H ISP I DA. [Oeder and other authors,

not of Linn.*]

Plates 1916-1918.

Monoecious. Dark green or more often greenish-grey or greenish-
white, from being encrusted with carbonate of lime. Stem stout or
rather stout, brittle, opaque from having a thick covering of carbonate
of lime, spirally sulcate, clothed with twice as many cortical cells as
there are branchlets in a whorl, rough with few or numerous, some-
times very numerous, more or less fasciculated, retrorse or retrorsely-
spreading, setaceous, acute, deciduous spine-cells, situated on the
primary cortical cells in the upper part of the stem and branches ;
stipule-cells in 2 whorls, very conspicuous, resembling short setaceous
spines. Branchlets 7 to 11 in a whorl, mostly 10, rather long, rather
slender, ascending-spreading or slightly incurved, 6- to 9-jointed,
clothed with cortical cells, except one or two minute joints, [in some
varieties 3 to 6 joints] at the apex, which are naked. Bracts 6 to 10
in a whorl, setaceous, acute, unequal, from 2 to 5 of the interior ones
being much longer than the others, and generally twice or more the
length of the nucule — rarely only equalling it, the outer ones shorter
or more rarely rudimentary. Nucules in the axils of the bracts, at 2
to 5, mostly 4 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, broadly oval-
ovoid, 12- to 15-striate, with a conspicuous erect-spreading persistent
crown. Globules solitary with the nucule and placed immediately
below it.

Var. a. genuina.

Plate 1916.

Bram, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 49, 70, 71, 85, 86, 87, 117.
Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 55a and b, 56, 57a and b, 58, 59, 59b, 60a,

b, c, and d, 61 ; (rudis, 62, 63, 64a and b, 65, 66) ; (horrida, 98, 99a and b, 100,

101.)
Chara hispida, Oeder, Fl. Danica, 1. 154. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 463. Wallr. Annus Bot.

p. 187, t. iv. Bruz. Obs. Char. pp. 9 and 20. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 128. Bischoff,

Krypt. Gewachse, p. 26, t. i. f. 9-11 ; and Handb. Bot. Term, und Syst. t. 56, f.

2799-2801, and t. 57, f. 2813. A. Broun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I.

[* According to Linnaeus' type specimen, the plant he described as C. hispida is that
now well known as C. aspera ! But the name C. hispida is so universally adopted for
the plant here described as such, that there is little use now in substituting the name
C. spinosa, Eupr. for it, which should be done if the Linnean name C. hispida were
retained for C. aspcra.~\

CHARACE.E. 207

p. 355 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 17 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 5 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl.

Scliles. Vol. I. p. 407 ; and Fragni. Monog. Char. p. 171. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir.

Par. ed. i. p. 679 ; and Atlas, pi. 38 f. b, 1-2 ; ed. ii. p. 888 ; and Atlas, pi. 42,

f. b, 1-2. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 52-1 ; and

Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII., pp. 26, 27, t. 65 to 67, f. i. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 17,

t. ii. f. xiv. Baling, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 89 ; and Man. ed. 8,

p. 471. Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 308. Waldst. Bidr.

Skand. Char. p. 25 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 28. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot.

Belg. Vol. II. p. 125. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 186. H. & J.

Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 131, t. 208, f. 7. Mutter in Bull. Bot. Geneve, 1881,

p. 83. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 80.
C. spinosa, Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Euss. Reich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 15.

Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 47.
C. equisetina, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 706 ; Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ.

p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 68, f. i. ; Walhn. in

Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 319.
C. horrida, Walhn. (under C. baltica var. fastigiata) in Kongl. Vet. Akad.Handl. Stockh.

1854, p. 314. A. Broun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p.

172. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 24 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 30.

Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 49. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 84.
C. acicularis, Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 315 ?
C. rudis, A. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p.

408 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 173. Leonhardi in Brunn Verhandl. Vol. II.

p. 185. Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 29. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 83.
C. subspinosa, Bupr. Symbols, p. 225.

Encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells less prominent
than the spineless secondary cortical cells. Spine-cells few or
numerous.

[Yar. ft. baltica. Hartmann.
Plate 1917.

Braun, Bahenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 44, 96, 114.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 35, a, b, c, and d, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 103,

104, 105a and b.
Chara hispida, var. baltica, " Hartm. Skand. Fl. ed. i. p. 377," Wahlenberg, Fl. Suec.

ed. 1, p. 693.
C. baltica, " Fries in Aspegren's Blekings Fl. p. 65." Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 127. Bruzel,

Obs. Char. pp. 11 and 19. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p.

354 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 156. Kiitz. Phyc.

Germ. p. 259 ; Sp. Alg. p. 524 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 63, f. ii. Walhn.

in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 313. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p.

16 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 34. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863,

p. 49. Homemann, Fl. Danica, t. 2311. Bating. Man. ed. 8, p. 472. Sydow,

Europ. Char. p. 64.
C. firma, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 64,

f. i. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 50.

208 ENGLISH BOTANY.

C. Nolteana, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Vol. I. p. 354 ; and in Flora,
1835, Vol. I. p. 62. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t. 64, f. ii. Wallm. in
Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 312. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser,
1863, p. 49.

C. Liljebladii, Wallm. in Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 314. Nordst. in
Anderss. Bot. Notiser, p. 50.

C. baltica, var. affinis, H. & J. Groves, in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 354, t. 224, f. 1.

Not encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells as prominent
as, or more prominent than the secondary cells. Spine-cells few or
numerous.]

? Yar. y. pseudocrinita. A. Braun.
Plate 1918.

Braun, Ralenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsiec. Nos. 48, 72, 97, 119.

Nordst. & Waldst. Char. Scand. Exsiec. Nos. 78, 79, 80a and b.

Cbara bispida, var. pseudocrinita, A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd ser. Yol. I. p.

355 ; and in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 67. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p.

679 ; and Atlas, p. 38, f . b 3 ; ed. ii. p. 889 ; and Atlas, pi. 42, f. b 3. Wallm. in

Kongl. Yet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 311.
C. bispida, var. dasyacantba, A. Braun, Schweiz. Cbar. p. 18. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 525 ;

and Tab. Phyc. Vol. YII. p. 27, t. 66, f. b.
C. polyacantha, A. Braun in Br. Eabenb. & Stiz. Exsiec. No. 48 ; Consp. Char. Europ.

p. 6 ; and Fragm. Monog. Cbar. p. 150. Wahlst. Bidr. Skand. Char. p. 29 ; and

Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 34. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 48.

Leonhardi in Brunn Yerhandl. Vol. II. p. 199. Lange, Fl. Danica, t. 2746.

H. & J. Groves, in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 131, t. 208, f. 6. Baling. Man. ed. 8,

p. 472. Mutter in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 63. Sydoic, Europ. Char. p. 61.
C. pedunculata, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 706 — altered to C. spondylopbylla in

Kutz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 259. Sp. Alg. p. 525 ; and Tab. Phyc.

Vol. VII. p. 27, t. 68, f. ii. (by error printed C. spondylophora). Wallm. in Kongl.

Vet. Akad. Handl. Stock. 1854, p. 311.
C. intertexta, Tenore, Viagg. in Abruzzo, 1830, p. 90 ; and Syllog. Fl. Neapol. p. 484

(according to an authentic specimen at Kew, not of Desveaux).

Encrusted. Spine-bearing primary cortical cells more prominent
than the spineless secondary cortical cells. Spine-cells very numerous.

In ponds, pools, and ditches, &c. Yar. a not uncommon, and
generally distributed in England ; less frequent in Scotland, where it
has been recorded from the counties of Berwick, Roxburgh, Had-
dington, Fife, Forfar, Sutherland, and Perth. In Ireland in counties
"Wicklow, Galway, Westmeath, and Deny.

[Yar. /3, rare. In a stream running into Kynance Cove, and in the
neighbouring pools, Cornwall.]

charace.t:. 209

Var. y, rare. Recorded from Cambridgeshire, Yorkshire, Hickling
Broad, Norfolk, Cumberland, Anglesea, "Roxburgh, Fife, Cork, Gralway,
and Mayo.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

A very variable plant, generally much encrusted. Steins 1 to 3 feet
long, often as thick as a crow-quill, and sometimes equalling a goose-
quill. The number and length of the spines is very variable, and they
appear to be more persistent in some forms than in others. The length
of the stipule-cells and bracts is also liable to much variation.

One of the most striking varieties is the C. horrkla of Wallman,
which is an unencrusted form with short branchlets, and very
numerous persistent spine-cells, and with bulbils on the buried
portion of the stem [which also occur on typical and other forms of
hispida]. Braun enters it as a species in the Consp. Char. Europ.
p. 6, and Exsicc. Nos. 71 and 87, but remarks, " Ch. hispidae.
proxima, cujus varietas marina esse videtur." Messrs. G-roves give
" Groldens Common, Freshwater, Isle of Wight, Herb. A. Gr. More."

[The variety baltica is a maritime form, distinguished by its greener
unencrusted stems, with more prominent primary cortical cells : the
spine-cells are very variable in number and size, being sometimes
reduced to mere papilla?, sometimes short and more or less spreading,
sometimes (as in all the Cornish specimens seen) long and more or less
appressed to the stem, or (" spreading," H. & J. Groves). C. Liljebladii
is merely a large state of this variety, with much longer and more
spreading branchlets ; and C. Nolteana is a state in which the
branchlets are stout and uncorticated except the lowest joint.]

Var. pseudocrinita is perhaps a subspecies ; it is more spinous than
any of the forms of true hispida, except the form horrida, which it
considerably resembles, except in the relative size of the primary and
secondary cortical cells. I should be inclined to attach more impor-
tance to the character taken from the cortical cells, were it not that
in C. contraria, Braun, we have a plant bearing the same relation
to C. fcetida that C. polyacantha does to C. hispida.

\Yhen we find two plants, which let us call A and B, have forms
allied to them which let us call a and b. If A is to a as B is to b, then
the probability is that a and b are but varieties of A and B. It is
the rule that species have varieties similarly related to them ; but
true species, and even subspecies, seldom follow any such relation.

C. hispida bears considerable resemblance to the forms of C.
foetida,* in which the stem is furnished with spine-cells ; but it is
a stouter plant, with the stem more furrowed when dry, and with

[* In the Monatsbericht Akad. Wissenschaften Berlin, 1867, p. 922, Braun states
C. hispida to be a subspecies of C. foetida.']
VOL. XII. 2 E

210 ENGLISH BOTANY.

more numerous and fasciculated spine-cells in the upper part ; the
stipule-cells are more developed, the branches have more of the joints
clothed with cortical cells, the bracts are more numerous at each
node, and the nucules are broader in proportion to their length.

The form or variety horrida, and the variety or subspecies
pseudocrinita, especially the latter, bear considerable resemblance to
the larger states of C. crinita ; but their stems are stouter, and have
more numerous cortical cells than in crinita; the branchlets are
stouter, the bracts more unequal and less spine-like ; the nucules are
larger, more deeply striate and with a larger crown, and each
accompanied by a globule.

\_C. rudis, Braun, is a slight form in which the secondary cortical
cells are more prominent than usual.

Another trifling variety of this variable species, which will probably
be found to occur, is C. papulosa, Ktitz. (G\ intermedia, Braun). It is
like typical C. hispida, but has the primary cortical cells more pro-
minent than the secondary ones, and few spine-cells, which are some-
times minute and papilliform, sometimes spine-like. Braun quotes C.
aculeolata, Kiitz. as one of the synonyms of his C. intermedia ; but to
judge from Kiitzing's figure, and a specimen at Kew named by
Braun, it belongs rather to the var. pseudocrinita. As so many other
characters of Charaeeae are found to be inconstant, it is probable that
the relative prominence of the cortical cells is likewise so, and that
some of the so-called varieties or species are but states of one plant ;
this requires deciding by careful experimental cultivation.]

Bristly Chara.

[D. Stem clothed with three times as many rows of cortical cells as
there are branchlets in a whorl; stipule-cells in two whorls, all setaceous,
or the lower whorl or both whorls often rudimentary^]

SPECIES YIII.-C HARA ASPERA. Willd.
Plate 1919.

Braun, Rabenh. & Siiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 11, 12, 50, 74a, b, c, 98, 99, 111, 116.

Nordst. & Wahht. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 106, 107, 108, a, b, c, 109a, b, 110, 111,
112a, b, 113, 114.

Chara aspera, WillJ. in Gesellschaft Nat. Freunde zu Berlin Mag. Vol. III. p. 298.
Wallr. Annus But. p. 185. t. vi. f. 3. Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 130. Bruzel, Obs. Char,
pp. 12 and 22. Greville, Scottish Crypt. Fl. Vol. YI. p. 45, t. 339. Wilson in
Suppl. to Engl. Bot. 1834, Yol. II. No. 2738. A. Braun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2nd
ser. Vol. I. p. 356 ; in Flora, 1835, Yol. I. p. 71 ; Schweiz. Char. p. 20 ; Consp.
Char. Europ. p. 6; in Monatsber. Akad. YVissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 923; in (John,
Krypt. Fl. Schles. Yol. I. p. 408 ; and Fragna. Monog. Char. p. 174. Cuss. & Germ.
Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas pi. 38, f. i> ; ed. ii. p. 891 ; and Atlas, pi.

characej:. 211

42, f. d. Kiitz. Phyc. Gener. p. 320 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 257 ; Sp. Alg. p. 521 ; and

Tab. Phyc, Vol. VII. p. 21, t. 51, f. ii. and t. 52. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 15.

Baling, in Ann. Nat Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 90 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 472. TTT«///,;.

in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. 1854, p. 322. Wahht. Bidr. Skand. Char, p.

32; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 35. LeonJiardi in Brunn Verkandl. Vol. II.

p. 204. B. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 129, t. 207, f. 4. Mutter in Bull.

Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 87. Allen in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX. p. 43,

pi. xxi. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 85.
C. hispida, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 1156. Rorneman, Fl. Danica, t. 1940. Bupr. in Beitr.

zur Pflanz. des Russ. Keich. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 17. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot.

Notiser, 1863, p. 44.
C. intertexta, Desv. in Loisel. Deslongeh. Notice sur les PI. a aj outer a la Fl. de France,

p. 138.
C. canescens, Loisel. Deslongeh. Notice, &c. p. 139.
C. galioides, and C. fallax, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. pp. xxvii. and xxviii. (not C.

galioides, De Condolle).
C. tenuispina, A. Bream in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 68 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 7; in

Cohn, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 409 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 181, t. vii. f.

267-268. Kutz. Phyc. Germ. p. 259. Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh.

1854, p. 312. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 1881, p. 89. Sydow, Em-op.

Char. p. 92. C. tenuissima, A. Broun in Ann. Sciences Nat. 2ud ser. Vol. I.

p. 355 (not of Desv.) is probably a misprint for C. tenuispina.
C. equisetifolia (Nolte), Kutz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 705.
C. hirta, Meyen, in Linnasa, Vol. II. p. 78.
C. curta (Nolte), Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 22, t. 53, f. i. A. Broun, Fragm.

Monog. Char. p. 177.
" C. corallina, Walhn. in Liljeblad, Svensk. Fl. ed. 3 " (Wallman).

Dioecious, [rarely monoecious]. Pale pea-green, or often greenish-
grey or greenish-white, from being encrusted with carbonate of lime.
Stem slender or very slender, rather brittle, translucent or opaque,
when encrusted faintly striate, clothed with three times as many
cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, with numerous or few,
scattered or fasciculate, spreading or retrorse, setaceous, acute,
subpersistent spine-cells, situated on the primary cortical cells,
especially in the upper part of the stem, but the spine-cells sometimes
reduced to papillae throughout, or at least on the lower part of the
stem ; subterranean part of the stem generally producing at the nodes
2 or 3, rarely 4, smooth, globose, 1-celled bulbils ; stipule-cells in
2 whorls resembling the spine-cells, being very conspicuous when
these are long, and papilliform when the latter are short or few.
Branchlets 6 to 1 1 in a whorl, mostly 8, short, very slender, ascending
or slightly incurved, 5- to 9-jointed ; their joints clothed with cortical
cells, except the minute mucro-like apical cell, which is naked and
sometimes also the second from the aj3ex. Bracts in the female plant

2 e 2

212 ENGLISH BOTANY.

8 to 10 in a whorl ; the 5 inner ones longer, and usually exceeding
the nucule ; those on the outside of the branchlet shorter, and those
at the upper nodes of the branchlet, which do not produce nucules,
shorter, and often rudimentary. Bracts in the male plant usually
shorter than in the female, and only 2 of them longer than the
others, which are sometimes rudimentary. Nucules in the axils of the
bracts, at 2 to 5 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid,
deeply 12- to 14-striate, with a prominent erect-spreading persistent
crown. Globules on separate plants from those bearing nucules,
solitary in the axils of the bracts, at several of the lower nodes of
the branchlets, [or rarely on the same plant and placed below the
nucules (C. tenuispina).]

In lakes, ponds, and ditches, and more rarely in brackish pools ;
rather rare, but widely distributed, reaching from Cornwall and
Hants, north to Orkney and Shetland ; more common in Scotland ;
also more common in Ireland, where it extends from north to south of
the island.

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Stems slightly branched, slender, often capillary, 3 inches to
I foot long, with the internodes usually rather distant. Branchlets
^ to ^ inch long. The more spinous and condensed states resemble
C. crinita, but the stems are much more faintly striate from the
cortical cells being smaller ; the bracts and stipule-cells are usually
shorter and less spine-like, particularly the bracts towards the ex-
tremity of the branchlets ; the nucules are much more strongly
striate, and the whole plant is much more brittle when dry. The
stouter states of C. aspera often much resemble small forms of
C. hispida, particularly its var. pseudocrinita, [as for example C. aspera
var. dasi/acantha, A. Braun, in which the stem is densely covered
with long setaceous spine-cells] ; but the stems and branchlets are
more slender, the cortical cells smaller, and the plant is dioecious, and
usually of a much brighter green tint.

C. tenuispina, A. Braun (Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 74), is doubt-
less a monoecious form, [the hermaphrodite plant,] variety, or at most
subspecies, of C. aspera.

[Occasionally the spine-cells are reduced to mere rudiments like
those of some states of C. fragilis, from which it is then difficult to
distinguish this species. See remarks under C. fragilis.

One of the most marked forms is C.fallax, Ag., a small state in
which the spine-cells are papilliform, and the branchlets variously
ecorticate, sometimes having the lowest joint or joints clothed with
cortical cells, and the rest naked, and sometimes having all the joints

ciiaracejl 213

without cortical cells. The description given (Syst. Alg. Introd. p.
xxviii.) is, by a typographical error, a repetition of that of C. colla-
bens, as is stated by Agardh himself on the label of a typical specimen
in the Kew Herbarium, there being no description of 0. fallax.]

Rough Chara.

SPECIES IX.-C HARA FRAGILIS. Desv.

Plates 1920 and 1921.

Monoecious [or rarely dioecious]. Green, pale pea-green, more rarely
greyish-green, from being slightly encrusted with carbonate of lime.
Stem slender or very slender, very brittle, usually translucent, faintly
spirally-striate, clothed with three times as many cortical cells as
there are branchlets in a whorl, smooth, without spine-cells, [or the
spine-cells very minute and wart-like or papilliform] ; subterranean
part of the stem sometimes producing bulbils at the nodes ; bulbils
consisting of an aggregation of cells, forming a subglobular, granu-
lated mass. Stipule-cells in 2 whorls, papilliform, generally very
minute, but the upper row sometimes conspicuously developed, and
even spine-like. Branchlets 6 to 10 in a whorl, generally 7 or 8,
short, or sometimes long, often slightly, [rarely (in var. /3) strongly]
incurved, slender, tapering, 7- to 13-jointed, their joints clothed with
cortical cells, except the minute mucro-like apical cell, which is naked
and sometimes also the second from the apex, [rarely all ecorticate].
Bracts mostly developed on the inner side of the branchlet ; those
at the fertile nodes usually shorter than the nucules, but not un-
frequently 2 to 4 of them equalling or exceeding it, sometimes con-
spicuously so ; those at the upper nodes of the branchlet, which do
not produce nucules, shorter and often rudimentary, [rarely (in var.
/S) all absent or rudimentary]. Nucules in the axils of the bracts,
at 2 to 5 of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, narrowly oval-
ovoid, deeply 12- to 15 -striate, with a long slender erect persistent
crown, often abortive, and then shorter and indistinctly striate.
Globule solitary, placed immediately below the nucule, [or on a
separate plant].

[Var. a. genuina.
Plate 1920.

Braun, Babenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. Nos. 13, U, 15, 75, 100, 112, 115, 121.

Nordst. & Wahlst. Char. Scand. Exsicc. Nos. 115a, b, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120.

Chara fragilis, Desv. in Loisel. Deslong. Notice sur le PI. a ajouter a, la El. de France,

214 EXGLTSII BOTANY,

p. 137. Bischoff, Haudb. Bot. Term. t. 57, f. 2806 and 2814. A. Brawn in Ann.

Sciences Nat. ser. 2, Vol. I. p. 356 ; in Flora, 1835, Vol. I. p. 68 ; Schweiz. Char.

p. 21 ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 7 ; in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 410 ; in

Monatsber. Akad. Wissenscb. Berlin, 1867, p. 938 ; and Fragm. Monog. Char. p.

181. Coss. & Germ. Fl. Envir. Par. ed. i. p. 680 ; and Atlas, pi. 38, f. c ; ed. ii. p.

890 ; and Atlas, pi. 42, f. c. Kiitz. Pbyc. Gener. p. 319 ; Phyc. Germ. p. 257 ; Sp.

Alg. p. 521 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vcd. VII. p. 22, t. 54. Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz.

des Euss. Beicb. 1845, dritte liefer, p. 16. Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 20, t. ii.

f. xv. Baling, in Ann. Hist. 1850, Vol. V. p. 91 ; and Man. ed. 8, p. 473. Wallm.

in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 329. WahM. Bidr. Skand. Char. p.

38 ; and Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 36. Nordst. in Anderss. Bot. Notiser, 1863,

p. 42. Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. Vol. II. p. 126. Leonhardi in Brnnu

Verhandl. Vol. II. p. 207. Lange, Fl. Danica. t. 2796-2798 (six forms). H. & J.

Groves in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 101, t. 207, f. 1. Midler in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve,

1881, p. 89, (13 forms described). Allen in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. IX.

p. 45, pi. xxii. Sydoic, Europ. Char. p. 94.
C. globularis, Thuill. Fl. Envir. Par. p. 472.
C. capillacea, Thuill Fl. Envir. Par. p. 474. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl.

Stockh. 1854, p. 330. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 23, t. 55, f. ii.
C. delicatula, Desv* in Loisel. Beslong. Notice, &c. p. 137 ; and Fl. de l'Anjou, p. 21.

Agardh, Syst. Alg. p. 130. Bupr. in Beitr. zur Pflanz. des Buss. Beicb. dritte

liefer, p. 16. A. Braun in Colin, Krypt. Fl. Schles. Vol. I. p. 411; and Fragm.

Monog. Char. p. 184, t. vii. f. 269, 270.
C. pulchella, Wallr. Annus Bot. p. 184, t. ii. Bischoff, Krypt. Gewach. p. 26, t. 1, f. 12,

13. Berkeley in Suppl. to Engl. Bot. 1843, Vol. III. No. 2824.
C. pilifera, Agardh, Syst. Alg. Introd. p. xxviii.
C. Hedwigii, Agardh in Bruzel, Obs. Char. pp. 7 and 21. Berkeley in Suppl. to Engl.

Bot. 1834, Vol. II. No. 2762. Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. Vol. VII. p. 23, t. 55, f. i.
« C. viridis, Eartm. Skand. Fl. ed. i. p. 378 " (Wallman).
C. foliolata, Eartm. Skaud. Fl. ed. 1843, p. 357.
C. virgata, and C. trichodes, Kiitz. in Flora, 1834, Vol. II. p. 705 ; and Tab. Phyc. Vol.

VII. p. 23, t. 56, f. i. ii.
C. fulcrata, Ganterer, Osterr. Char. p. 20, t. ii. f. xvi. Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad.

Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 331.
" C. diffusa, Wallm. in Liljeblad, Svensk. Fl. ed. iii. addend." (Wallm.)
C. annulata, Wallm. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 328.
C. verrucosa, Bzigsohn in Bot. Zeit. 1850, p. 338.

Monoecious.

[* A. Braun and others consider C. delicatula, Desv. as distinct from C. delicatula,
Ag., placing Desveaux's plant under C. aspera. They may be right, but there are no
authentic specimens at Kew of either ; yet from description they appear to be the same,
and Desveaux himself in bis Fl. de l'Anjou unites bis C. delicatula with C. frag His.
Tho oldest name for C. fragilis is C. globularis, Thuill. ; but as he also described it
under another name {C. capillacea) in the same book, it is perhaps better to retain the
name C. fragilis.]

CHARACE.E. 215

Yar. ? /3. connivens.

Plate 1921.

C. connivens (Sahmann herb.), A. Braun in Flor. 1835, Vol. I. p. 73 ; Consp. Char.

Eui'op. p. 7 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissenscb. Berlin, 1867, p. 927 ; and Fragm.

Monog. Cbar. p. 180. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 521 ; and Tab. Pbyc. Vol. VII. p. 26, t.

63, f. i. Walhn. in Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockb. 1854, p. 327. Chaboisseau

in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Vol. XVIII. p. 119, pi. 1. Wahht. Monog. Sver. Xorg.

Cbar. p. 35, footnote. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 472. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot.

1880, p. 103, t. 207, f. 3. Sydow, Europ. Cbar. p. 89. Coss. & Germ. Atlas Fl.

Envir. Par. ii. pi. 43.
C. connivens, var. Durian, KraliJc, PI. Alger. Xo. 154, and PI. Tunet. Xo. 385 (exsicc.)*

Dioecious.]

In ponds, lakes, and ditches, &c, more rarely in running water.

[Var. a. — ] Common and generally distributed ; apparently more
rare in Scotland, but extending north to Orkney and Shetland. In
Ireland it occurs from south to north.

[Var. ? /3. — Rare ; Stokes Bay, G-osport, Hampshire ; and Slapton
Sands, near Dartmouth, Devonshire.]

England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

Stems 2 inches to 2 feet ; slender, often capillary ; the branchlets
i to 1 or even, [in large forms,] 1-2^ inches long.

In the form C. Hedwigii, Agardh, the plant is dark green and much
stouter than the ordinary form, sometimes nearly 2 feet long, and the
branchlets | to 2 J inches long ; [a state of it in which all the joints of
the branchlets are without cortical cells, has been collected near Blair-
gowie, East Perthshire, by Mr. A. Sturrock, and described as var.
Sturrockii by Messrs. Groves in ' Journ. Bot. 1884,' p. 2.] The bract
cells are extremely variable in length, sometimes much shorter than
the nucule, and scarcely perceptible at the upper part of the branches ;
at other times they are all conspicuously longer than the nucule,
but perhaps most generally there are 2 of the bracts equalling the
nucule, and 2 shorter ; [and on the branchlets of barren specimens
they are frequently all rudimentary or absent.] The crusted forms
are rare, and more brittle than the ordinary green form.

[* Kralik's specimens only differ from Salzmann's in being more slender. And
C. connivens, var. Durisei, A. Br. in Explor. de 1' Alger, pi. 39, f. 2 (C concinna, Durieu
and Coss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Vol. VI. p. 183, footnote ; C. Durisei, A. Br. in
Monatsber. Akad. Wissenscb. Berlin, 1867, p. 926 ; and Fragm. Monog. Cbar. pp. 22,
179, t. vii. f. 252-254, which are reduced copies of tbose in Explor. de 1' Alger.) ; only
appears to be a mere form in which tbe bracts are developed at nearly all the nodes of
tbe branchlets ; tbere is no specimen of it at Kew. — X. E. B.]

210 ENGLISH BOTANY.

[C. connivens appears to be but a sexual state of C. fragilis, as
strictly it only differs from that plant in sex ; the greater incurving
of the branchlets and shortness or absence of bracts given as dis-
tinctive marks are variable and unreliable characters. In the typical
form of 0. connivens (the branch and magnified portion of stem, with
the more incurved branchlets represented on Plate 1921, which I have
drawn from a typical specimen of Salzmann's in the Kew Herbarium),
the branchlets are very much incurved and the bracts absent or rudi-
mentary ; but in the British specimens seen, the bracts are nearly
half as long as the nucule, and the Slapton plant (a branch and
magnified portion of a branchlet of which is shown on Plate 1921,
taken from a specimen in the collection of Mr. Arthur Bennett of
Croydon) has the branchlets only slightly incurved, whilst the Gosport
specimen in Mr. Borrer's Herbarium (now at Kew) has only a few
whorls of branchlets strongly incurved as in Salzmann's plant (not
all of them as shown in l Journ. of Bot.' 1880, t. 207, f. 3), and the
rest but slightly incurved as in ordinary C. fragilis.]

C. fragilis bears a close resemblance to some states of 0. aspera,
but is without the very distinct spine-cells [characteristic of that
species. Some forms of C. fragilis, however, have minute wart-like
or papilliform spine-cells, and sometimes the spine-cells of C. aspera
are reduced to a similar condition, it then becomes difficult to dis-
tinguish the two species, the only distinctive character (besides that
of sex, on which no reliance can be placed) appears to be that of the
bulbils ; in C. aspera these appear to be always simple, consisting of
a single, smooth, rather large, globose cell, and although two or more
such bulbils may arise from the same node, they are not united to
each other in a mass ; whilst in C. fragilis the bulbils are always com-
pound, consisting of numerous very small cells united into a granu-
lated mass]. The globules in C. fragilis are brilliant scarlet, and
contrast well with the bright green of the plant; they are very
evanescent, and after their fall the specimen might be mistaken for
the female of a dioecious species.

[The Kew Herbarium contains a specimen of C. fragilis from the
hot springs of Iceland, on the label of which it is stated that, " the
temperature of the spring in which this plant was growing was such
as to boil an egg in four minutes." A remarkable fact if the water
was really so hot at the exact spot ichere the Chara grew, as one would
scarcely expect protoplasm to retain vitality at a temperature high
enough to coagulate albumen.]

Fragile Chara.

CHARACE.E. 217

SPECIES X. (?)-C HARA FRAGIFERA. Durieu.

Plate 1922.

Braun, Rabenh. & Stiz. Char. Europ. Exsicc. No. 73a, b.

Chara fragifera, Durieu in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1859, Vol. VI. p. 185. A. Braun,
Consp. Char. Europ. p. 7 ; in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1867, p. 863 ;
and Fragm. Monog. Char. p. 180. Wahlst. Monog. Sver. Norg. Char. p. 35, foot-
note. Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1877, p. 353, t. 192. H. & J. Groves in Journ. Bot.
1880, p. 102, t. 207, f. 2. Baling. Man. ed. 8, p. 473. Sydow, Europ. Char. p. 91.

Dioecious [or rarely monoecious*]. Bright green. Stem very
slender, flexible, translucent, spirally striate, clothed with 3 times
as many cortical cells as there are branchlets in a whorl, smooth
without spine-cells ; subterranean part of the stem producing bulbils
at the nodes; bulbils consisting of an aggregation of cells, forming
a subglobular, granulated mass; stipule-cells in 2 whorls, papilli-
form, generally very minute and inconspicuous. Branchlets 6 to 10
in a whorl, rather long, capillary, flexuous, rarely firm, ascending
or slightly incurved, 10- to 16-jointed, their joints clothed with
cortical cells, except the smaller apical cell, which is naked, and
sometimes also the second, and even the third, from the apex.
Bracts in the female plant 1 to 5 on the inner side of the branchlet,
the longest of them about half the length of the nucule ; those
of the upper node of the branchlet, which do not produce nucules,
rudimentary or absent. Bracts in the male plant usually 2, very
minute and tooth-like. Nucules in the axils of the bracts, at 1 to 3
of the lowest nodes of the branchlet, oval-ovoid, deeply 11- to
13-striate, with a rather prominent erect or spreading, persistent
crown ; globules on separate plants from those bearing nucules,
solitary between the minute bracts at several of the lower nodes of
the branchlets, [rarely on the same plant, and placed immediately
beneath the nucule].

In pools, very rare in West Cornwall and Tresco in the Scilly
Isles. First found by Mr. J. Ralfs in 1877.

England. Perennial. Summer, Autumn.

A very delicate plant, 3 inches to 1 foot long, resembling the
smaller states of 0. fragilis ; branchlets mostly § to l\ inch long,

* [According to Messrs. Groves (' Journ. Bot. 1882/ p. 350), and they are doubtless
right, but I have not seen a monoecious specimen. — N. E. B.]
VOL. XII. 2 F

218 ENGLISH BOTANY.

resembling the filaments of a Conferva ; more rarely, as in a plant
from the Lizard Downs, \ inch long, and somewhat setaceous. Bracts
shorter than in most forms of C. fragilis, particularly in the male
plant ; nucules with a shorter crown.

The bulbils of C. fragifera are remarkable for their large size,
being T2o to I inch in diameter ; they are formed of an aggregation of
cells, and are white.

[C. fragifera bears a close resemblance to the more slender states of
C. fragilis, and may possibly be only a distinct variety of that plant ;
it is, however, more slender, more flexible, the branchlets have more
numerous joints, and the bulbils are usually larger and appear to be
more unilateral with respect to the node they arise from, whilst on C.
fragilis they seem more generally to grow out all round the node,
though this may not be at all constant. With No 73b of Braun,
Rabenh. and Stiz. Char. Exsicc, a specimen bearing unicellular bul-
bils is given as belonging to C. fragifera ; but in the Kew set (and no
doubt, from the statement made on No. 73a, in all other sets) this
specimen is not C. fragifera at all, but C. aspera ! of which such bul-
bils are characteristic, the specimen is partly decomposed ; but where
cortical cells remain on the stem, spine-cells are very evident, the
branchlets are also those of C. aspera. Doubtless Durieu has been
mistaken in the cases stated on No. 73a, in supposing the specimens
with simple bulbils to be C. fragifera ; he appears only to have found
them on plants in a more or less decomposed condition, in which
state the characteristics of C. aspera might easily be overlooked,
especially if growing in a locality where C. fragifera was found.]

My British specimens of C. fragifera are through the Botanical
Exchange Club, from Chy-an-hal, near Penzance, and Pond of Lizard
Downs, Mr. J. Ralfs, and G-orkhill Down, Helston, Mr. J. Cunnack.

Strawberry Chara.

[Erratum. — For Arthur Bennett on p. 173, line 21, read A. W.
Bennett.]

ENGLISH BOTANY. 219

NOTE BY THE EDITOR,

Defining the sense in which certain terms have been employed
in the descriptions of plants given in the Third Edition of ' English
Botany.'

Terms applied to General Figures of Planes.

Oval. — One and a half to twice as long as broad, broadest in the
middle ; sides curved.

Elliptical. — Three to four times as long as broad, broadest in
the middle ; sides curved.

Ovate. — One and a half to twice as long as broad, broadest between
the base and the middle ; sides curved.

Lanceolate. — Three to four times as long as broad, broadest
between the base and the middle ; sides curved.

Obovate. — Once and a half to twice as long as broad, broader
between the middle and the apex ; sides curved.

Oblanceolate. — Three to four times as long as broad, broadest
between the middle and the apex ; sides curved.

Oblong. — Two to three times as long as broad ; sides parallel.

Strapshaped. — Four to six times as long as broad ; sides sub-
parallel.

Linear. — Eight or more times as long as broad ; sides subparallel.

Rhombic. — Any figure which is broadest in the middle and with an
angle on each side ; the lines running from this angle to the base and
apex being nearly equal and nearly straight.

Deltoid. — An equilateral triangle broadest at the base ; sides nearly
straight to the apex.

Triangular. — Limited to triangular figures of which the sides are
conspicuously longer than the base.

Obdeltoid. — An equilateral triangle with its apex towards the base
of the organ described.

Wedge-shaped. — A triangular figure (in the restricted sense defined
above) with its apex towards the base of the organ described.

In most of these definitions some latitude is allowed in regard to
their relative length and breadth, and when it becomes necessary to

220 ENGLISH BOTANY.

use more precise terms broadly or narrowly is employed to qualify
them. Figures intermediate between two forms are called by the
two terms answering to the forms, joined by a hyphen, the latter
term being that to which the figure under consideration most nearly
approaches. Thus oval-obovate denotes a figure which is nearer
obovate than oval, and obovate-oval one which is more nearly oval
than obovate. In every case these terms are used without reference
to the shape of the base and apex, which is defined by terms in general
use, such as acute, obtuse, cordate, obcordate, or to the nature of the
margins, which is indicated by the generally received terms entire,
serrate, crenate, toothed, etc. The word cut or incised is applied to the
form of the margin when the general outline of the figure appears to
have incisions made into it. The word lobed is used where there are
protuberances extending beyond the general outline of the figure.

Terms applied to the General Figure of Solids.

Ovoid. — A solid whose transverse section is a circle, and its longi-
tudinal section a figure longer than broad with curved sides. When
it is necessary to define the shape more minutely, the figure of the
plane found in the longitudinal section is prefixed to ovoid. Thus
ovate-ovoid is a body whose longitudinal section gives an ovate figure.

Oblong-ovoid. — A solid of which the longitudinal section is oblong-
oval or oblong-elliptical.

Cylindrical. — A solid of which the cross section is a circle and of
which the longitudinal section is rectangular ; the shape is defined by
prefixing oblong, straps/taped or linear.

Fusiform. — A solid of which the transverse section is a circle, and
its longitudinal section a strapshaped-elliptical or linear-elliptical
figure.

Clavate. — A solid whose transverse section is a circle, and longi-
tudinal section is a strapshaped - oblanceolate or linear - oblanceolate
figure.

Use of Mark of Interrogation in the Body of the Work.

When a ? is placed before the word " subspecies " it implies that
perhaps the plant ought to be treated as a species, and when before
" var." the variety is perhaps a subspecies; but if the ? is placed after
the words " species," " subspecies," [or " variety "], it denotes that
the first should perhaps be considered a subspecies, the second a
variety, [and the last as being probably a mere form or condition].

INDEX.

[Species in CAPITALS, Sub-species in small letters, Synonyms and foreign names in italics.}

S.B. — The pages given in this index, are made in agreement with the supposition, that the owner has entered into the body

of the work the errata to ba found at the end of each volume.

TLATE PAGE VOL.

Aaron's Beard 267 147 ii.

A'BIES

[excel'sa, DC] (excluded) 2S5 viii.

Abdehender Sclncimjtl (Ger.) 105 xi.

Abiceichende Segge (Ger.) 90 x.

ACANTHUS

[mollis, Linn.'] (excluded) 201 vi.

A'CER

CAMPES'TEE, Linn. ... 321 232 ii.

PSEU'DO-PLATAXUS,

Linn 320 230 ii.

AC'EEAS

AXTHEOPOPH'OEA,

Br 1447 87 ix.

densiflo'ra, Boies 14G5 108 ix.

hirci'na, Lindl 1448 90 ix.

intac 'to, Eeich. fil 1465 108 ix.

pyramida'lis. Eeich. fil. ... 1449 91 ix.

8ecundiflo'ra,JAndl 1465 108 ix.

Ache odorante (Fr.) 99 iv.

ACHILLEA

alpi'na, Koch 59 v.

DECOLO'EAXS, Schrad. 729 59 v.

dentifera, DC 728 58 v.

MILLEFO'LIOI, Linn. 727 57 v.

PTABinCA, Linn 730 59 v.

serra'ta,Sm 729 59 v.

TANACETIFO'LIA, All. 728 5S v.

TOMENTO'SA, Linn. ... 726 56 v.

AchUlee a feuiUes de Tanaisie

Fr.) 58 v.

Bouton iT argent (Fr.) 60 v.

cotonneuse Fr.) 57 v.

Miltefruille (Fr.) 57 v.

Ackfbtattrige Drynde (Ger.) 202 iii.

Achter Alaut (Ger.) 98 v.

Achhs Labhraut (Ger.) 215 iv.

Miidestiss (Ger.) 127 iii.

AC IN OS

vulga'ris, Pera 1048 32 vii.

VOL. XII. 2

PLATE PAfiE VOL.

Acker Elirenpreis (Ger.) 152 vi.

Fuclisschvanz (Ger.) 23 xi.

Gauchheil (Ger, .) 151 vii.

Hornkraut (Ger.) 89 ii.

Hunds-Kamille (Ger.) 52 v.

Klee (Ger.) 47 iii.

Kleinling (Ger.) 153 vii.

Knautie (Ger.) 253 iv.

Ochsenzunge (Ger.) 109 vii.

Bade (Ft.} 74 ii.

Bettig (Ger.) 121 L

Sen/ (Ger.) 124 i.

Sherardle (Ger.) 232 iv.

Trespe (Ger.) 172 xi.

Whule (Ger.) 85 vi.

Ackerdaun (Ger.) 63 vii.

Ackermeier (Ger.) 231 iv.

Ackersteinsame (Ger.) 97 vii.

AconU Fr.) 65 i.

Acouite, Common Winter 43 56 i.

ACOXI'TUM

NAPEL'LUS.Zuih 48 64 i.

Acore odorant (Ft.) 11 ix.

ACORUS

CAL'AMUS, Idnn 1391 11 ix.

ACEOP'TEEIS

septentriona'lis, Link 1S82 13S xii.

ACBOS'TICHUM

alpi'nxiiu Bolton 1863 99 xii.

hyperlo'reum, Liljebl 1S63 99 xii.

Hven'se, Linn 1862 98 xii.

septentriona'le, Linn 1882 138 xii.

Thelyp'leris, Linn 1848 52 xii.

ACTJEA

SPICA'TA, Linn 49 67 i.

Actee en cpi (Fr.) 67 i.

ACTINOCARTUS

DAMASO'XIUM, Booh. 1442 74 ix.

Adder's Tongue, Common 1835 20 xii.

Dwarf 1836 22 xii.

G

222

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE TACE

ADEN A' MUM

peploi'des, Kaf. 239 106

ADIANTUM

CAriLLUS-YEN'ERIS,

Linn 1887 14G

ADO'XIS

AUTUMN AXIS, Linn.... 13 14

Adonisblume (Ger.) „ 14

ADOXA

MOSCHATELLI'NA,Z/hm. 636 198

Adoxe Moscatelline (Fr.) 198

Aechte Kamille (Get.) 48

Aechter Wiederstoss (Ger.) 162

Aehriger Marbel (Ger.) 12

Teufelskrallen (Ger.) 7

^'GILOPS

[ova'ta, L.~\ (excluded) 203

JEGOPO'DIUM

PODAGRA'RIA, Linn.... 580 108

Aestiges Habieht&kraub (Ger.) 179

yETHU'SA

CYNATIUM, L/hh GOO 132

AGATHOPHY'TON

Bon'us-Sen'ricus, Reich.... 1199 24

AG' B APHIS

nu'tans, Link 1528 200

AGBAU'LUS

cani'nus, P. de B 1718 46

AGRIMO'NIA

EUPATO'RIA, Linn 417 129

Eupato'ria, var. odoru'ta,

Benth 41S 131

odora'ta, Mill 418 131

Agrimony, Common 417 130

Fragrant 418 131

Hemp- 785 121

A gripaume cardiaque (Fr.) 6S

AGBOPY'BUM

■ acu'tum, Reich 1S11 ISO

R. &S 1812 1S2

cani'num, R. & S 1809 176

jun'ceum, P. de-B 1S13 183

littora'le, Reich 180

pun'gens, Gr. & Godr 180

R. &S 1811 180

pycnan'thum, G. & G 180

re'pens, P. de B 1810 17S

AGBOSTEM'MA

— t — Githa'go, Linn 215 74

Agrostide blanche (Fr.) 48

commune (Fr.) 50

des chiens (Fr.) 47

jouet du vent (Fr.) 44

AGROSTIS

al'ba, Sin 1719 4S

AL'BA, Linn 1719 & 1720 47

var. stolonif'era, .Sm. 1720 4S

, var. subre'pens, Bab, 1720 48

v.
vii.

PLATE PACE VOL.

AGROSTIS

ANEMAGROSTIS, Syme

1715 & 1716 43 xi.

austra 'lis, Linn 1711 37 xi.

CANTNA, Linn 1718 46 xi.

effu'sa, DC 172S 60 xi.

interrup'ta, Linn 1716 44 xi.

lendig'era, DC 1711 37 xi.

littora'lis, Sm 1714 41 xi.

Into 'sa, Poir 1714 41 xi.

min'ima, Linn 1G89 7 xi.

pa'nicea, Ait 1713 40 xi.

pu'mila, Linn 50 xi.

SETA'CEA, Curt 1717 45 xi.

Spi'ca-ven'ti, Linn 1715 43 xi.

stolonif'era, Fries. 1719 & 1720 47 xi.

stolonif'era, Sm 1720 48 xi.

VULGARIS, With 1721 49 xi.

, var. pu'mila, Syme 50 xi.

Ahlkirsche (Ger.) 124 iii.

A h rem bluthiges Ta uscn dbla te

(Ger.) 32 iv.

Alircntra gender Ehnnpreis (Ger.) 1G2 vi.

Aigremoine eupatoire (Fr.) 130 iii.

odorante (Fr.) 131 iii.

Ail a tete ronde (Fr.) 209 ix.

cirette (Fr) 216 ix.

- des lieux cidtires (Fr.) 214 ix.

des ours (Fr.) 219 ix.

des vignes (Fr.) 211 ix.

poireau (Fr.) 206 ix.

rocambole (Fr.) 208 ix.

trigone (Fr.) 218 ix.

AI'RA

aggrega'ta, Tim 70 xi

alpi'na, Linn 1730 65 xi.

aquai'iea, Linn 1750 94 xi.

caru'lca, Linn 1747 90 xi.

csespito'sa, Benth ...1730 & 1731 63 xi.

cajspito'sa, Linn 1730 64 xi.

var. brevifo'lia, Parn 64 xi.

pseudalpi'na, Syme 64 xi.

canes'eens, Linn 1729 62 xi.

capilla'ris, Mert. & Koch 71 xi.

caryophyl'lea, Bor 70 xi.

CARYOPHYL'LEA,

Linn 1734 C9 xi.

var. aggrega'ta, Syme 70 xi.

pat'ulipes, Syme 70 xi.

crista'ta, Linn 1746 SS xi.

discolor, ThuiU 1733 68 xi.

eu-flexuo'sa, Syme 1732 G7 xi.

flex uo'sa, Auct 1732 67 xi.

FLEXUO'SA.imn. 1732 & 1733 GG xi.

, var. )9, Hook. fil. ... 1733 68 xi.

var. mouta'na, Syme 67 xi.

Iseviga'ta, Sm 1731 G5 xi.

MX'JOll, Syme 1730 & 1731 G3 xi.

monta'na, Linn 67 xi.

multicul'mis. Dumort 71 xi.

INDEX.

22:J

PLAT1. PAGE

AI'RA

pattdipe&rJoTd 70

pleisan'tfia, Joid 70

proviiicia'lis, Jord 71

PBJB'COX, Linn 1735 71

setcteea, Huda 1733 G8

uligiiiofaa, )\\ih<? 1733 68

Airdl anguleust (Fr.) 25

Canneberge (Ft.) 21

ponetuee (Fr.) 23

>•. <V-.(Fr.) 2i

AIIIOCHLO'A

crisfa'ht, Link 1740 83

A I HOP SIS

earyophyUata, Fries 1731 69

precox, Fr 1735 71

Idbula'ris, Haw 15S

PsetSdo-nards'sus, Haw 1501 157

Ajoucde Legall (Ft.) 7

<rEurope(Fr.) 5

nain (Vr.) 7

A'JUGA

alpi'na. Auct. Angl 78

[ , Linn.] (excluded) 87

[ -, Sm.] (excluded) 87

CHA>LETITYS,L('hh.... 1090 80

[Geneven'sis, Linn.'] (ex-

eluded) 87

PYKAMIDA'LIS, Linn. 1089 79

REP'TANS, Linn 1088 77

Akelei (Ger.) (31

ALBU'CEA

nutans. Beich 1523 191

ALCHEMLLXA

ALPI'NA. Linn 425 HO

. var. $, Hook. & Am 424 139

ABVEN'SIS, Scop 422 136

CONJUNCTA, Bab 424 139

monta'na, Willd 138

VULGA'BIS, Linn 423 137

vur. monta'na, Synn 138

, var. subseri'cea, Koch 13S

Alchemilk ties Alpes (Fr.) 141

des champs (Fr.) 137

vulgairi (Fr.) 138

Alder, Berry-bearing 319 229

Common 12i'4 179

ALECTOBOL'OPHUS

granddflo'rus, a. glabra'tus,

Vail 999 181

ma'jor, var. gla'bra, Reich. 999 181

mi'nor, Reich 998 180

■ parvijii/rux, Wall 998 180

Alexanders, Common 031 177

Aline glnttnettx (Fr.) 179

Alisitr Almushier (Ger.) 244

aubepine Fr.) 237

torminal (Fr.) 212

XI.

vi.
vi.
vi.

in.

iii.

vn.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.

vii.

vii.

in.
iii.

in.
iii.
iii.

PLATE

ALIS'MA

damaso'nium, Liun 1412

hini'ttilu'tum, With 1138

NATANS, Linn 1441

PLANTA'GO, Linn. 1437 & 1438

, Dor 1437

, var. lanccola'tum,

Syme 1438

rantmctdo€de8, Sm 143'J

RANUXCULOI'DLS,

Linn 1439 & 1440

var. re'pens, Sm 1440

reopens, Daviea 1440

Alkanet, Common 1112

Evergreen 1113

Allgood 1199

ALLIA'BIA

ujjicina'li*, Audrz 100

AL'LIOI

[amlig'uum, Sibth. & Sm.]

excluded

AMPELOPBA'SUM,

Linn 1530 & 1531

Sm 1530

var.Babiugto'nLjjS'jfme 1531

buibif'erum, Syme

annu'rium, Sm 153S

Linn 1532

Babinijton'ii, Borrer 1531

[carina'tum, Linn.] (ex-

cluded)

Sm 1536

compac'tum, Tliuill

complana'tum, Bor 153G

Deseglis'ii, Bor 1533

eu-Sehcenopra'sum, Syme 1537

folio'sum, Clair 1538

Bal'leri, Bab 1531

[Moly, Linn.] (excluded)

[ni'grnm, Linn.] (excluded

OLEBA'CEUM, Linn.

1535 & 1536

, Sm 1535

var. angusti/o'lium,

Koch 1535

var. complana'tum,

Fries 1536

[paradox'um, Don] (exclu-

ded)

[ro'seum, Linn.] (excluded)

SGH<ENOPBA*SUM,

Koch 1537 & 1538

Liun 1537

var. a, Bab 1537

var. alpi'num, Gaud. 1538

\SLT.Sihir'icum, Hook.

& Am 1538

- SCOBDOPBA'SUM, Linn. 1532

Sibir'icum, Liun 1538

PAGE

vol

74

IX

70

ix

73

ix.

70

ix

70

ix

70

ix

72

ix

71

110
112

14G

227

vn.

vii.

204

ix.

204

ix.

204

ix.

204

ix.

210

ix.

207

ix.

204

ix.

22(3

ix.

212

ix.

210

ix.

212

ix.

208

ix.

215

ix.

216

ix.

201

ix.

227

ix.

227

ix.

212

ix.

212

ix.

212

212

227
227

214
215
215
216

216
207
210

224

ENGLISH BOTANY.

TLATE PAGE

AL'LIUM

SPHiEROCEPH'ALON,

Linn 1533 208

TRIQUE'TRUM, Linn.... 1539 217

UBSTNUM, Linn 1510 218

YINEA'LE, Linn 1531 210

var. bulbif'erum,

Syme 1531 210

var. capsulif'erum,

Syme 210

var. conipac'turu,

Syme 210

ALLOSO'EUS

aquili'nus, Presl 18S6 145

cris'pus, Bernhardt 1841 44

All-seed, Four-leaved 25S 134

AL'NTJS

GLUTINO'SA, Gdrtn. ... 1294 ITS

var. inci'sa, Syme 179

Aloebliittrige Krebsscheere (Ger.) 81

ALOPECU'EUS

AGEESTIS, Linn 1699 22

ALPI'XUS, Sm 1704 28

var. Watso'ni, Syme 29

bulbo'sus, Linn 1702 26

ful'vus, Sm 1700 23

genicula'tus, Linn 1701 25

■ hyb'ridus, Wimmer 26

monspelien'sis, Linn 1713 40

PALUS'TRIS, Syme

1700-1702 23

■ pa'niceus, Lam 1713 40

PRATEN'SIS, Linn 1703 27

praten'sis-genicula'tus, Wichura 26

pr&nus, Mitten 26

Alpen Hornkraut (Ger.) 86

Pfennigkraut (Ger.) 205

Alsike Clover 361 51

ALSINAN'THE

ttrieft a, Reich 244 115

ALSI'NE

CHEELE'RIA, Fenzl. ... 240 10S

FASTIGIA'TA, Bab. 243 (bis) 114

hyb'rida, Vill 113

Jacqui'ni, Koch 213 {bis) 114

lax'a, Jord 113

me'dia, Linn 229 93

peploi'des, Syme 239 106

RUBEL'LA, WaU 242 111

s/nV7u, "Wakl 244 115

TENUIFO'LIA, Crantz... 243 112

Bor 243 112

var. hyb'rida, Syme 113

— — var. lax'a, Syme 113

■ var. viseo'sa, Bab 113

ULIGINO'SA, ViU 244 115

VER'NA, Bart 211 109

var. Gerar'di, Symi 110

?— var. glacia'lis, Led. -J.-&1 111

ix.

xii.
xii.

vm.
viii.

XI.

xi.

xi.

PLATE TAGE VOL.

ALSI'NE

visco'sa, Schreb 114 ii.

Alsine a feuiUes menues (Fr.) 114 ii.

de Jaquin (Kr.) ' 115 ii.

printaniere (Fr.) 110 ii.

ALTERA

HIRSU'TA, Linn 277 102 ii.

OFFICINALIS, L»m. ... 278 163 ii.

Alysson a calices persistans (Fr.) 197 i.

maritime (Ft.) 198 i.

ALYS'SUM

CALYCrNUM,£»»n 139 196 i.

[inca'num, Linn.'], excluded 224 i.

MARIT'DIUM, Lamarck 140 197 i.

sati'vum, Srn 141 199 i.

Alyssum, Calycine 139 197 i.

Seaside ....; 140 198 i.

Sweet 140 19S i.

Amaranth, Wild 1177 lt)3 vii.

Amaranthe blette (Fr.) 185 vii.

AMAEANTHUS. See AMAEAN'TUS.
AMAEAN'TUS

BLITOI, Linn 1177 184 vii.

[retroflex'us, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 185 vii.

American Cress 124 176 i.

Americanischer Kresse (Ger.) 176 i.

AMESIUM

German' icum, Newm 1881 136 xii.

Ru'ta-mura'ria, Newm. ... 1880 135 xii.

septeniriona'le, Newm 1882 138 xii.

Amethystfarbene Sommerwurz (( Jer.)... 200 vi.
AM'MI

[ma'jus, Linn.] (excluded) 179 iv.

A3IMOPU1LA

arena'ria, Link 1722 51 xi.

arundina'cea, Host 1722 51 xi.

Ampferbldttriger Knoterich (Ger.) 77 viii.

ANACAMP'TIS

pyramida'lis, Rich 1449 91 ix.

ANACLTAEIS

Alsinas'trum. Bab 1446 SI ix.

Canadensis. Planch 1446 SI ix.

Nuttal'lii, Planch 1446 SI ix.

ANACYCLUS

[radia'tus. Pers.] (excluded j 216 v.

ANAGAL'LIS

ARYEN'SIS, Linn. 1146 & 1147 150 vii.

Sm 1146 150 vii.

var. csernlea, Syme... 1147 151 vii.

var. phceni'cia, Syme 1146 150 vii.

cseru'lea, Sm 1147 151 vii.

phceni'cea, Lam 1146 150 vii.

TENEL'LA, Linn 1148 152 vii.

ANCHU'SA

ARVEN'SIS, M. Bieb. ...1111 109 vii.

OFFICINA'LIS, Linn. ... 1112 110 vii.

SEMPEBVTBENS, Linn. 1113 111 vii.

INDEX.

225

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Anrolie(Fi:) Cl L

ANDROMEDA

ca-ru'lea, Linn 8SG 34 vi.

Dahoe'cia. Linn 885 33 vi.

POLIFO'LIA. Linn 883 30 vi.

Andromede a feuUlea de Folium

(Ft.) 31 vi.

AXDBOSJEAIUM

fw'tidum, Spach 2GG 146 ii.

offidna'le, All 264 143 ii.

parvijlo'rum, '• Spach,"

Hook. & Am 2G5 145 ii.

Androseme officinale (Ft.) 144 ii.

ANEMAGBOS'TIS

intetrup'ta, Trin 171G 44 xi.

Spi'ca-ven'ti, Trin. 1715 43 xi.

ANEMO'NE

APENNTNA, Linn 10 12

NEMORO'SA, Linn 11 12

PULSATILLA. Linn. ... 9 10

KAXUXCULOI'DES,

Linn 12 13

Anemone 9 H

Blue 10 12

Crowfoot Wood 12 13

Wood 11 13

Yellow Wood 12 13

Anemone (Ft.) 11

ANE'THUM

Fosnic'ulum, Linn G01 133 iv.

ANGELICA

A It CI I ANGELICA,

Linn G08 14G iv.

Garden 608 147 iv.

■ BYLVES'tRK, Linn. ... GUT 145 iv.

Wild G07 145 iv.

Angelique officinale (Ft.) 147 iv.

sauvage (Fr.) 145 iv.

Anise 58G 11G iv.

Anserine a f entiles defiguier (Ft) 16 viii.

Argentine (Ft.) 150 iii.

blanche (Fr.) 15 viii.

Ion Henri (Fr.) 25 viii.

hot ride (Ft.) 21 viii.

derille(VT) 20 viii.

des murs (Ft.) 17 viii.

htidc (Fr.) 13 viii.

glauqne (Fr.) 24 viii.

hybride (Fr.) IS viii.

polysperme (Fr.) 12 viii.

rougedtre (Ft.) 23 viii.

AXTENNA'BIA

dioi'ca, Giirtn 747 & 748 7S v.

hyperbo'reu, D. Don 748 78 v.

margarita'cea, R. Br 74G 77 v.

ANTIIEMIS

An'glica, Spi 722 51 v.

ARVEN'SIS, Linn. 721^722 50 v.

PLATE TACK

AN'THEMIS

arven'sis, Sin 721 51

COTTJLA, Linn 720 49

marit'ima, Sm 722 51

XO'BILIS. Linn 724 53

TIXCTO'RIA, Linn 723 52

ANTKEKIGUM

bi'color, Deaf. 1541 220

calycula'tum, Linn 1543 223

Ossifragum, Linn 1542 222

planifo'lium, Linn 1541 220

ttrot'inum, Linn 1521 192

ANTHOXANTHUM

odora'tum, Dum 1G0G 17

ODORA'TUM, Linn. ... 1696 17

var. viLlo'sum, Syme 17

rillo'sum, Dum 17

ANTHBIS'CUS

aborti'vus, Jord 16S

Cerefo'lium, Hoffm 623 167

sylves'tris, ~H.offm 624 168

mdga'rvs, Pera 622 166

Anthyllide vulnt'raire (Fr.) 20

ANTHYL'LIS

Dfflen'ii, Sclmltz 20

VULXERA'KIA, Linn.... 333

Bor 333

var. Dilkn'ii, Syme.

var. vulga'riSj Syme

ANTIRRHINUM

Cymbala'ria, Linn

Elat'ine, Linn

Lina'ria, Linn 962-964

Lina'ria, Pelo'ria 963

MA'JUS. Linn 953

nn'nMS.Linn 966

Monspessula'num, Linn

ORON'TIUM, Linn 954

Pelisseria'num, Linn 959

purpu'reum, Linn 960

re' pens, Linn 961

spu'rium, Sin 957

supi'num, Linn 95S

AP ALAN' THE

Schiceinit'zii, Planch 1446

APAB'GIA

autumna'lis, Willd. ... 794 & 795

his'pida, WiUd 793

APE'BA

interrup'ta, P. de B 1716

Spi'ca-ven'ti, V. de B 1715

APLTANES

arven'sis, Linn 422

ATIUM

GRAV'EOLBNS, Linn.... 572

inunda'tum, Reich, til 575

nodijlo'rum, Reich, lil 573

PetroseU'num, Linn 576

oo3

955
956

19
19

20
19

133
134
140
142
130
143
139
131
138
138
139
135
137

SI

131
133

44
43

136

9S
102

100
-1U3

iv.
iv.
iii.

in.
iii.

vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.

22G

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAOE

AP'IUM

re'pens, Reich, fil 574 100

APORAN'THUS

Trifolias'trum, Blomf. 345 34

Apple, Crab 489 255

Wild 490 25G

AQUILE'GIA

VULGA'RIS, Linn 46 60

Arabette (Fr.) 163

avelue(Fr.) 106

de Thalle (Fr.) 164

des picrres (Fr.) 165

ARABIS

Allio'nii, DC 168

aroua'ta, ShutU 168

cilia'ta, R. Brown 117 166

var. bis'pida, Syme 167

Crantzia'na, Fhvh.? 113 164

Gerar'di, Bess 168

glabre(Ft.) 170

HIRSU'TA, Syme ...116 & 117 166

Auct. Angl 116 167

his'pida. Linu. fil 113 164

PERFOLIA'TA, Lamarck 119 169

PETR.E'A, Lamarck 113 164

Reichenbach'ii, Syme 168

aagitta'ta, DC. 116 167

var. glabra'ta, Syme 168

STRIC'TA, Huils 114 165

THALIA'NA, Linn 115 163

Tourrette (Fr.) 169

TURRI'TA, Linn 118 169

Arabischer Schneckenklee (Ger.) 28

Arbousier Busserole (Fr.) 28

des Alpes (Ft.) 27

Fraisier (Ger.) 29

Arbutus St2 29

AR'BUTUS

alpi'na, Lirm SS0 26

UXE'DO, Linn 882 28

U'vcMtr'si, Linn 881 27

Archangel, Yellow 1087 77

ABCHANGEL'ICA

officinalis, Uoffm 60S 146

ARCTIUM

eu-mi'uus, Syme 702 26

interme'dium, Lange 700 25

Bab 701 25

Lap' pit, Linn, var. a, Hook.

&Arn 699 23

Linn. var. fi, Hook.

& Am 7U0-702 24

MA'JUS, Schkuhr 699 23

MI'NUS, Schkuhr 700-702 24

Bab 702 26

nemoro'sum, Lej 701 25

pu'bens, Bab 700 25

tomento'sum, Bab 699 23

[ Pers.] (excluded) 215

in.
iii.

m.
vi.
vi.

vi.

vi.

PLATE PA> E VOL.

ARCTOSTAPH'YLOS

ALPI'NA, Spreng 8S0 26 vi.

— - U'VA-UR'SI, Wimm 881 27 vi.

AUEMONIA

[agrimonioi'des, DC] (ex-

cluded) 260 iii.

ARENA'RIA

CILIA'TA, Linn 238 104 ii.

var. Benth 237 1<>4 ii.

fastigia'ta, Sm 243 (pis) 114 ii.

fascicula'ta, Jacq 243 (bis) 114 ii.

leptocia'dos, Guss 236 K>2 ii.

Lloyd'ii, Jord 103 ii.

mari'na,Sm 257 131 ii.

. Roth 255 129 ii.

margina'ta, DC 257 131 ii.

me'dia, Linn 257 131 ii.

NORYEGTCA, Gunn. ... 237 104 ii.

peploi'des, Linn 239 106 ii.

quadrival'vis, R. Brown ... 242 111 ii.

rubra, Linn 254 129 ii.

Sm.,E.B.ed.i.i ... 255 129 ii.

rubella. Hook 242 111 ii.

SERPYLLIFO'LIA,

Linn 235 & 230 102 ii.

Auct. PI 235 102 ii.

Ten 236 102 ii.

var. glutiuo'sa, Koch 103 ii.

xar. leptocia'dos, Reich. 236 102 ii.

var. spha;rocar'pa,

Syme 235 102 ii.

var. tenui'or, Kuch... 236 102 ii.

sphxrocar'pa, Teu 235 102 ii.

tenuifo'lia, Linu 243 112 ii.

TEINEB'VIS, Linn 234 101 ii.

ulitjiuo'sa, Schlecht 244 115 ii.

ver'na, Hook. & Arn 241 109 ii.

var., Benth 242 111 ii.

var. glacia'lis, Ledeb. 242 111 ii.

Argousier faux nerprun (Fr.) 83 viii.

Aristoloche clematis (Fr.) 92 viii.

ARISTOLO'CHIA

CLEMATI'TIS, Linn. ... 1250 91 viii.

Armbluthige Simse (Ger.) 55 x.

ARMERIA

alpi'na, WiUd 158 vii.

elouga'ta, Uoffm 158 vii.

marit 'ima, Willd 1152 157 vii.

PLANTAGIX'EA, Willd. 1154 159 vii.

sa&ufo'sa, Jord 1154 159 vii.

vulga'ri - plantagiu'ea, (?)

Syme 1155 159 vii.

VTJLGArRI8,Benth. 1152 & 1153 157 vii.

■ var. marit'iina, Syme 1152 157 vii.

var. planifo'lia, Syme 1153 157 vii.

var. pubes'ceits, Reich.

fil. (?) 1153 157 vii.

Armerie a feuilles de Plantain (Ft.) ... 159 vii.
gazon FOlympe (Fr.) 158 vii.

INDEX.

227

PLATE TAGr. VOL.

Armoise Absinthe (Fr.) G2 v.

commune (Fr.) 63 v.

des champs (Ft.) G5 v.

maritime (Fr.) 66 v.

ABMOBA'CIA

amphih'ia, "Koch" 128 181 i.

rwtica'na,"Yl. derWett." 129 1S3 i.

ARNOS'ERIS

rUSIL'LA, Gartn 78S 127 v.

Arrhenathere (levee. (Fr.) 83 xi.

A BB HEN A TH'EB UM

arena'ceum, P. de B 1712 81 xi.

bvJbo'swm, Presl 82 xi.

ela'tius, M. &K 1742 81 xi.

ela'tius, Presl 1742 82 xi.

Arroche des rivages (Ft.) 28 viii.

en fer dc lance (Fr.) 32 viii.

■ — etalee (Fr.) 30 viii.

laciniee (Fr.) 36 viii.

pendonculee (Fr.) 38 viii.

pompier (Fr.) 37 viii.

Arrowgrass, Marsh 1433 65 ix.

Sea-side 1434 66 ix.

Arrowhead, Common 1436 69 ix.

ARTEMISIA

ABSINTHIUM, Linn. ... 731 61 v.

cxrules'cens, Linn. (excluded) ... 216 v.

CAMPES'TRIS, Linn. ... 733 64 v.

Gal'lica, Willd 735 66 v.

MARIT'IMA, Linn. 734 & 735 65 v.

. Sm 734 65 v.

var. gal'lica, Syme ... 735 66 v.

sali'na, Willd 734 65 v.

VULGA'RIS, Iwnra 732 63 v.

ABTHBOLO'BIUM

ebraetsa'tum, DC 279 78 iii.

A' RUM

ITALIC UM, Mill 1393 15 ix.

MACULA'TUM, Linn. ... 1392 13 ix.

ABUN'DO

arcna'ria, Linn 1722 51 xi.

Cidamagros'tis, Linn 1724 54 xi.

colora'la, Willd 1697 19 xi.

Epige'ios. Linn 1723 53 xi.

epige ios (Fr.) 54 xi.

neglec'ta, Ehrh 1725 55 xi.

nig'ricans, Merat 58 xi.

1'ltragmi'tes, Linn 1727 58 xi.

Merat 1727 58 xi.

rseu'do-phragmi'tes, Lej 5S xi.

stric'ta, Schrad 1725 55 xi.

Asarabacca 1249 90 viii.

Asaret d' Europe (Ft.) 90 viii.

AS'ARUM

EUROPIUM, Linn. ... 1249 90 viii.

Ash, Drooping 59 vi.

Mountain 486 248 iii.

Mountain, Bastard 485 247 iii.

Shrew ' 902 58 vi.

ri.ATF. TAOF. VOL.

Ash, Taller or Common ... 902 & 903 56 vi.

Asparagus 1515 183 ix.

ASPARAGUS

OFFICINALIS, Linn 1S2 ix.

var. campes'lris, Syme 182 ix.

marit'imns, Syme 1515 182 ix.

prostra'tus, Du Mort. ? ...1515 182 ix.

Aspen 1301 197 viii.

Asperge officinale (Ft.) 1S3 ix.

ASPERU'GO

PROCUM'BENS, Linn. 1120 120 vii.

ASPER'ULA

ARVEN'SIS, Linn. ... 662 (Ms) 230 iv.

CYNAN'CHICA, Linn.... 661 229 iv.

ODORA'TA, Linn 660 228 iv.

TAURI'NA, Linn 662 229 iv.

Asperule a trois nervures (Ft.) 230 iv.

des champs (Fr.) 231 iv.

des sahles (Fr.) 229 iv.

odorante (Fr.) 228 iv.

Asphodel, Lancashire 1542 222 ix.

Scottish 1543 224 ix.

ASPID'IUM

abbrc via' turn, Poiret 61 xii.

aculea'tum, Milde 1861 95 xii.

Sm 93 xii.

Willd 1860 92 xii.

var. aculea'tum, Hook.

& Bak 93 xii.

var. angula're, Gren.

&Godr 1861 95 xii.

loba'tum, Hook. &

Bak I860 93 xii.

var. ridga're, Doll. ... 1860 92 xii.

adna'tum, Blume 60 xii.

ic'mulum, Swart z 1858 88 xii.

affi'ne, Fischer & Meyer 59 xii.

alpes'tre, Schkuhr 1870 & 1871 112 xii.

alpi'num, Swartz 1806 104 xii.

angula're, Willd 1S61 95 xii.

Braun'u,-Milde 97 xii.

crini'tum, Martins & Ga-

leotti 60 xii.

crista' turn, Milde 1853 70 xii.

Swartz 1853 70 xii.

var. spinido'sum,

Hook. & Am 1855 77 xii.

var. uligino'sum,

Milde 1S54 73 xii.

dilata'tum, var. reeur'vum,

Bree 1S58 SS xii.

Swartz 1857 82 xii.

Donnia'num, Spreng 59 xii.

dumeto'rum, Sm S4 xii.

Fi'lix-fai'mina, Swartz ... 1869 108 xii.

Fi'lix-mas, Swartz 1850 57 xii.

" Filix-mas,vai. eloneja'tum,

Hook." 1852 G7 xii.

228

ENGLISH BOTANY.

TLATE TAGE VOL.

ASPID'IUM

Filix-mas, var. glandulo'-

sum, Milde Gl xii.

var. recur'vum, Francis GO xii.

fonta'num, Swartz 1872 117 xii.

fra'grans, Gray 1851 65 xii.

loba'tum, Schkuhr 1860 92 xii.

Smith 1860 93 xii.

Lonchi'tis, Swartz 1859 90 xii.

monla'num, Ascherson ... 1849 54 xii.

Swartz 1868 106 xii.

Oreop'teris, Swartz 1849 54 xii.

palea'ceum, Don 59 xii.

parallelogra'mum, Kunze 60 xii.

2xitentis'simum, Don 59 xii.

recur'vum, Bree 1858 88 xii.

remo'tum, A. Braun 1852 67 xii.

Bhx'ticum, Swartz 1871 & 1872 112 xii.

rig'idwm, var. remo'tum,

A. Braun 1852 67 xii.

Swartz 1851 65 xii.

rufid'ulum, Swartz 1862 98 xii.

var. a, Fries 1855 77 xii.

spinulo'sum, Swartz 1855 77 xii.

x crista'tum, Milde 1854 73 xii.

vi.r. dilata'tum, Fries 1857 82 xii.

var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 1858 88 xii.

var. eleva'tum, A.

Braun 1855 78 xii.

var. exaltu'tum, Lasch 78 xii.

var. multiflo'rum,

Hook. & Arn 1S57 82 xii.

Thelyp'teris, Schwartz 1848 52 xii.

WaUichia'num, Spreng 59 xii.

ASPLE'NIUM

acu'tum, " Bory, MS." 1875 123 xii.

ADIANTUM-NI'GKUM,

Linn 1S74 & 1875 121 xii.

var. acu'tum, roll. ... 1875 123 xii.

var. obtusa'tum, Moore 122 xii.

var. obtu'sum, Kit. &

Milde 122 xii.

var. obtu'sum, Moore 123 xii.

var. serpenti'ni, Koch 123 xii.

var. Virgil'ii, Heufl. 1875 123 xii.

alternifo'lium, Wulf. 1881 136 xii.

alpes'tre, Mettenius 1870 & 1871 112 xii.

Rabenh 1870 113 xii

Brey'nii, Retz 1181 130 xii.

Ce'tcrach, Linn 1S83 139 xii.

CLFRMONTiE, Syme ... 1S79 132 xii.

[ebene'um, Ait.'] (excluded) 148 xii.

Fi'lix-fce'mina, Bernb 1869 108 xii.

FONTA'NUM, Bernh. ...1872 117 xii.

[ Milde] (excluded) 148 xii.

var. angusta'tuni, Koch ... 119 xii.

pedicularifo'lium, Koch ... 119 xii.

GEiniANTCUM, Weiss. 1S81 130 xii.

Hal'leri, Spreng 1872 117 xii.

LANCEOLA'TL'M, Rials. 1873 119 xii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

ASPLE'NIUM

lanceola'turu, var. mi'crodon,

Moore 120 xii.

obova'tum, Grcn. & Godr. 120 xii.

MARI'NUM, Linn 1870 127 xii.

var. acu'tum, Moore 128 xii.

var. mi'crodon, Moore 1873 120 xii.

mura'le, Bernh 1880 135 xii.

obova'tum, Viviani 120 xii.

obtu'sum, Kit. & Milde 122 xii.

Presl 123 xii.

Onop'teris, var. acu'tum,

Milde 1875 123 xii.

Petrar'c\h~\x, Newm 1879 132 xii.

produc'tum, Lowe 1875 123 xii.

[refrac'tum, Moore] (excl.) 148 xii.

Ru'ta-mura'ria, var. cunea'-

tum,Tsloove 18S0 136 xii.

RU'TA-MURA'RIA, Linn. 1880 135 xii.

var. ela'tum, Lang 135 xii.

Scolopen'drium,lAx\x\ 1884 141 xii.

SEPTENTRIONA'LE,

Hull 1882 138 xii.

Serpenti'ni, Tausch 123 xii.

TRICHOM'ANES, Linn. 1878 131 xii.

var. an'ceps, Soland 131 xii.

pseu'do-german'icum,

Heufler 136 xii.

Virgil'ii, Guss 1875 123 xii.

VIRTDE, Buds 1877 129 xii.

ASPBEL'LA

oryzoi'des, Lam 1686 2 xi.

AS'TER

[bruma'lis, Nees] (excluded) 217 v.

des Lieux Sales (Fr.) Ill v.

[leucan'themos, Des/.'] (ex-

cluded) 217 v.

LINOSY'RIS, Bernh 777 112 v.

[No'vi-bel'gii, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 217 v.

Sea-side 776 111 v.

TRIPOLIUM, Linn 776 110 v.

var. discoi'deus, Syme 770 111 v.

ASTEBOCEPH 'AL US

columba'rius, Reich 678 251 iv.

Ast ige Ingelsholbe (Ger.) 6 ix.

Astiger Sommericurz (Ger.) 191 vi.

Astragale hypoglotte (Fr.) 75 iii.

reglisse (Fr.) 76 iii.

ASTBAG'ALUS

ALPI'NUS, Linn 375 73 iii.

campes'iris, Linn 374 72 iii.

- GLYCYPHYL'LUS, Linn. 377 75 iii.

HYPOGLOT'TIS, Linn. 376 74 iii.

uraleu' sis, Linn 373 71 iii.

Astrana a grandes feuilles (Fr.) 92 iv.

ASTEANTIA

Greater 567 92 iv.

MA'JOll, Linn 567 91 iv.

INDEX.

229

PLATE TAGE

ATEAMAN'TA

Libano'tis, Sm 602 137

Me'um, Linn 605 HI

AT HAN A SI A

marit'ima, Linn 725 oo

ATHYKTUM

ALPES'TRE, Milde

1870 & 1871 112

var. flex' He, Milde ... 1871 115

var. obtusa'tum, Syme 114

convex'um,'Sev?m 109

— — eu-alpes'tre, Syme 1870 113

FI'LIX-FCE'MINA, Roth 1869 108

var. alla'tum, Moore Ill

var. confiu'ens, Moore Ill

var. dissec'tum, Wall Ill

var. erec'tum, Syme 109

— — var. latifo'lium, Bab Ill

var. mari'num, Moore Ill

var. mol'le, Moore HI

var. plumo'sum, Moore Ill

var. Watso'ni, Syme... 1S69 110

&ex'ile, Syme 1871 115

fonta'num, Both 1872 117

' Halle' ri, Roth 1872 117

inci'sum, "Roth " 110

mol'le, Roth HI

Bhse'ticum, " Roth " 109

AT'EIPLEX

angustifo'lia, Sin 1202 29

ARENA'RIA, Woods 1207 34

BABINGTO'NII, Woods 1206 33

calothe'ca, Fries 33

crassifo'lia, Fries 1206 33

Gren. and Godr 1207 34

deltoid'ea, Bab 1204 31

var. triangula'ris, Bab 31

erec'ta, Auct 29

Sm 1203 29

HASTA'TA, Linn. 1204 & 1205 31

Huds 1205 32

[horten'sis, Linn.] (excluded) ... 39

lacinia'ta, Sm 1207 34

lati/o'lia, Wahl. ... 1204 & 1205 31

LLTTORA'LIS, Wahl.

1200 & 1201 26

lUtora'lis, Linn 1200 27

var. mari'na, Linn. ... 1201 27

var. serra'ta, Moq.-

Tand 1201 27

mari'na, Linn 1201 27

[ni'tens, Beb.'] (excluded) 39

pat'ula,Sm 1205 32

PAT'ULA, Wahl. 1202 & 1203 29

var. angustifo'lia, Syme.

1202 29

var. erec'ta, Syme 1203 29

var. 7, Sin 1206 33

var. murica'ta, 'Led.' 1203 29

vol. xir.

xu.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.
viii.

viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

2

34

viii

33

viii

27

viii

32

viii

PLATE PAGE VOL.

AT'EIPLEX

pat 'ula, var. serra'ta, Syme 29 viii.

PEDUNCULA'TA, Linn. 1209 37 viii.

PORTULACOI'DES,

Linn 1208 36 viii.

prostra'ta, Bab. (olim) 31 viii.

ro'sea, Bentli 1207

Bab. (olim) 1206

serra'ta, Huds 1201

Smith'ii, Syme 1205

triangula'ris,1 Willd.' 31 viii.

AT'EOPA

BELLADON'NA, Linn. 934 100 vi.

Aubepine a style (Fr.) 238 iii.

Aufgeblasener Taubenkropf (Gex.) 57 ii.

Aufrechte Monetae (Ger.) 77 ii.

2Vespe(Ger.) 160 xi.

Aunee charnue (Fr.) 101 v.

commune (Fr.) 191 v.

dyssenterique (Fr.) 103 v.

officinale (Fr.) 98 v.

rude (Fr.) 99 v.

Ausdauender Lein (Ger.) 183 n.

Ausdauerndes Bingelkraut (Ger.) 115 viii.

Knauel (Gei:) 183 vii.

Ausgebreitete Gloclcenblume (Ger.) 16 vi.

Melde (Ger.) 30 viii.

Ausgebreitetes Glaskraut (Ger.) 126 viii.

Ausgedehnte Segge (Ger.) 156 x.

AVE'NA

alpi'na, Kunth 1739 76 xi.

bromoi'des, Linn 77 xi-

bulbo'sa, Willd 82 xi.

caryophyl'lea, "Wigg 1734 69 xi.

ELATIOR, Linn 1742 81 xi.

Willd 1742 82 xi.

var. nodo'sum, Beich 82

FATTJA, Linn 1741 79

var. mterme'dia, Syme 79

var. pilosis'sima, Gray 79

FLAVBS'OENS, Linn.... 1736 73

flexuo'sa, M. & K 1732 67

liyb'rida, Peterm 79

interme'dia, Lindg 79

lana'ta, Kol 1744 84

mol'lis,Kol 1743 83

orienta'lis, Schreb 78

[planicul'mis, Schrad.']

(excluded) 200

planicul'mis, Sm 1739 th

prse'cox, P. de B 1735 71

PRATEN'SIS, Linn.

1738 & 1739 75

Sm 1738 76

var. alpi'na, Syme ... 1739 76

PUBES'CENS, Linn 1737 71

STRIGO'SA, Schreb 1740 77

[subspica'ta, Linlc] (ex-

cluded) 200

U

xi.
xi.
xi.

xi.
xi.
xi.

230

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

AVENEL'LA

flexuo'8a,¥arl 1732 67 si.

A vens, Intermediate 458 199 iii.

Mountain 460 201 iii.

"Water 459 200 iii.

Wood 457 198 iii.

Amine culticee (Fr.) 74 xi.

ties pres (Fr.) 77 xi.

foJlette (Fr.) 80 xi.

pulteecente (Fr.) 75 xi.

rude (Ft.) 78 xi.

Awl wort, Water 143 201 i.

AZALEA

proeum'bens, Linn 884 32 vi.

Trailing 884 32 vi.

Azale'e couchee (Fr.) 32 vi.

Bachbunge (Ger.) 170 vi.

Bach Montie (Ger.) 137 ii.

Netkeavntrz (Ger.) 200 iii.

BfiOTHRY'ON

cxspito'sum, Dietr 1590 55 x.

na'num, Dietr 1591 56 x.

pauciJJo'rum, Dietr 15S9 54 x.

BALDEL'LIA

ranunculoi'des, Pari. 1439 k 1440 71 ix.

BALDIN'GEBA

arundina'cea. Dura 1697 19 xi.

colora'ta, Fl. Wett 1697 19 xi.

Baldingere ', colore e (Fr.) 20 xi.

Bald-Money 605 141 iv.

BALLO'TA

fae'tida, Lam 1065 52 vii.

NI'GRA, Linn. ... 1065 & 1066 52 vii.

var. foe'tida, Koch ... 1065 52 vii.

var. rudera'lis, Koch 1066 52 vii.

rudera'lis, Svensk. Bot. ... 1066 52 vii.

Ballotte noire (Fr.) 53 vii.

Balm, Bastard 1062 & 1063 50 vii.

Common 1053 38 vii.

leaved Figwort 950 125 vi.

Balsam, Orange 314 218 ii.

Small 315 218 ii.

Yellow 313 217 ii.

Bahamine jaune (Fr.) 217 ii.

Baltische Binse (Ger.) 27 x.

Baneberry 49 67 i.

BARBAE E' A

areua'ta, Reich 121 172

eu-vulga'ris, Syme 120 171

interme'dia, Boreau 123 174

parviflo'ra, Fries 122 173

paifula, Fries 124 17.5

PRJE'COX, B. Broicn ... 124 175

Fries 121 172

stric'ta. Andrz 122 173

VULGATES, li. Br. ... 120-123 171

Auct. Plur 120 171

PLATE PAGE

Barlaree a Siliques elale'es (Fr.) 171

precoce (Fr.) 176

Barbenhraut (Ger.) 171

Barberry, Common 51 72

Bar darie {Ft.) 25

commune (Fr.) 24

Barenlauch (Ger.) 219

Bdrtntraube (Ger.) 27,29

BABKHAUS'IA

faz'tida, DC 815

seto'sa.'DC 817

taraxacifo'lia, DC 816

Barley, Meadow 1S21

Sea 1813

Wall 1812

Wood 1820

Barren Strawberry 427

Barrenwort, Alpine 52

BABT'SIA

ALPI'NA, Linn

Alpine

ODONTITES, Huds

var. rotunda'ta, Syme

var. sero'tina, Syme ...

var. vulga'ris, Syme...

Red

VISCO'SA, Limn

Yellow

Bartsie des Alpes (Fr.)

rouge (Fr.)

visqueuse (Fr.)

995
995
993

993
993
994

994

Base Rocket 162

Basil Tbvme 104S

Wild 1047

Basket-Osier, Fine, var. £ 1321

Bastard Balm 1062 & 1063

Cress, Per foliate-leaved 145

Klee (Ger.)

Mountain Asli 485

Pimpernel 1149

Toadflax 1248

BATBA'CHIUM

eireina'tum, Fries 15

heterophyl'lum, Fries 19

pelta'tum, Fries 17 & 18

Bauernsenf (Ger.)

Bay, Rose 495 & 496

Bay-leaved Willow 1303

Beam, White, Common 482

Lobed-leaved 4^4

Rock 483

Bearberry, Alpine 880

Common 881

Beard-grass, Annual 1713

Perennial 1714

Bear's-foot 45

BEC'CHIA

al'bida, Tail

157
159
15S
194

197
195
193
144
74

177
177
174
174
174
174
175
176
176
177
175
176
3

32

32
222

50
204

54
247
154

88

16

21

19

20S

10

203

244

247

245

27

28

41

42

59

xi.
xi.
xi.

xi.

vi.
vi.

ii.

vii.

vii.

viii.

vii.

i.

iii.

iii.

vii.

viii.

iv.
viii.

1161 103 ix.

INDEX.

231

IV.

is.

viii.

xii.

ii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Bedford Willow 1308 20S viii.

Bedstraw, Common Great 650 218 iv.

Cross-leaved 646 213 iv.

Diffuse GiS (bis) 216 iv.

Heath 651 219 iv.

Hispid-fruited, Corn 657 225 iv.

Marsh 653 & 654 222 iv.

Mountain 652 220 iv.

Narrow-leaved, Great 649 217 iv.

var. 7

649 (bis) 217 iv.

KoughCorn 659 227 iv.

Rough Marsh 655 223 iv.

Slender, var. $ 652 221 iv.

Wall 656 224 iv.

■ Yellow 628 215

Bee Orchis 1467 111

Beech, Common 1291 165

Fern 1847 50

Beerentragender Hiihntrbiss (Ger.) ... 55

Beet, Sea 11S4 9 viii.

Behaarte Fahniciclce (Ger.) 73 iii.

Platterbee (Ger.) 104 iii.

Behaarter Ginst (Ger.) 9 iii.

Marbd (Ger.) 6 x.

Belladonna 934 100 vi.

Belladonne vene'neuse (Fr.) 100 vi.

Bell-flower, Clustered 866 8 vi.

Creeping 869 12 vi.

Giant 868 11 vi.

Hare-bell S70 13 vi.

Ivy-leaved S75 19 vi.

Nettle-leaved S67 9 vi.

Peach-leaved 871 14 vi.

Rampion 872 15 vi.

Spreading 873 16 vi.

BEL'LIS

PEREN'NIS, Linn 772 104 v.

Bennet, Herb 629 174 iv.

Benoite commune (Fr.) 198 iii.

des ruisseaux (Fr.) 200 iii.

inttrme'diaire (Fr.) 199 iii.

Bent-grass, Bristle-leaved 1717 46 xi.

Brown 1718 47 xi.

Common 1721 50 xi.

Dense-flowered Silky 1716 45 xi.

Marsh 1719 & 1720 4S xi.

Spreading Silky ... 1715 44 xi.

BERBERIS

VULGA'RIS, Linn 51 71 i.

Berce Bruneursine (Fr) 154 iv.

Berg Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 167 vi.

Harthen (Ger.) 159 ii.

Hundzunge (Ger.) 120 vii.

Jasione (Ger.) 5 vi.

Platterbse (Ger.) Ill iii.

Schotenwe iderich (Ger.) 13 iv.

Segge (Ger.) 126 x.

B.rgamot Mint' 1029 13 vii.

Berle a feuilles e'troites (Fr.)
largcs feuilles (Fr.) ..

Bertram Garbe (Ger.)

Berufte Fettkenne (Ger.)

BEB'ULA

angustifo'lia, Koch 5S8

Besenartige Ffrienen (Ger.)

BETA

MARIT'IMA, Linn 1184

vulgaris, var. ma r it' i ma,

Moq.-Tand. 11S4
Bet'dubender Kalberhropf (Ger.)

BETONICA

officinalis, Linn 1067

Betony, Common Water 947

Ebrhart's Water 948

Wood 1067

Bette maritime (Fr.)

BETTJLA

AL'BA, Linn 1295 & 1296

Koch 1295

Reich 1296

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1295

var. p, Hook. & Arn. 1296

Al'nus, Linn 1294

carpat'ica, Walds. & Kit

glutino'sa, Fries 1296

Wallr 1296

var. denuda'ta, Gr. &

Godr

var. pubes'cens, Syme

[interme'dia, Thomas] (excluded)

lacinia'ta, Wahl

NANA, Linn 1297

odora'ta, Bech 1295

pen'dula, Roth

pubes'cens. Ehrh 1296

Wallr

verrucosa, Ehrh 1295

BIDENS

CER'NUA, Lt'nn 763

var. discoid'ea, Syme

var. radia'ta, Syme

TRIPARTITA, Linn. ... 764

Bident penche (Fr)

trefolie (Fr.)

TAGE

VOL.

119

iv.

US

iv.

60

v.

54

iv.

118

iv.

11

iii.

Biegsames Nixkraut (Ger.)

Bieiu-niihuliche F 'ram nth rune (Ge

Bilberry, Common

Great

Bindweed, Large

Sea

Small

Binsenformiger Weizen (Ger.)..
Birch, Common

Dwarf

White

r.)...
S/9
878
924
925
923

1296
1297
1295

8 viii.

8 viii.
169 iv.

54 vii.

121 vi.

123 vi.

54 vii.

9 viii.

181 viii.

182 viii.
186 viii.
182 viii.
1S6 viii.
178 viii.
186 viii.
186 viii.

186 viii.

1S6 viii.

187 viii.
261 viii.
182 viii.
187 viii.
182 viii.
182 viii.

186 viii.

187 viii.
182 viii.

93 v.

763, fig. a

93 v.

763, fig. J3

93 v.

94 v.

94 v.

95 v.
63 ix.

Ill

25

24

87

88

85 vi.

184 xi.

187 viii.

188 viii.
lbo viii.

ix.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.

232

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE

Bird Cherry 413

Bird's-Foot 345

Least 378

Sand 379

Trefoil, Common ... 368

Bird's-nest Orchis 1478

Yellow 901

Birthwort, Common 1250

Bisamduf tender Beiherschnabel (Get.)

Bischofsmutze (Ger.)

Bistort, Amphibious ... 1241 & 1242

Common 1243

Viviparous 1244

Bitterblatt (Ger.)

Bitter Candytuft 149

Cress 108

Milkwort, Small 189

sweet 930

Vetch, Black 407

Tuberous 406

Wood 386

Bittere Schaumkraut (Ger.)

Schleifenblume (Ger.)

Bitterliraut Sommericurz (Ger.)

Bittersuss (Ger.)

Bl ackberry 444-455

Black Bitter Yetch 407

Bryony 1508

Currant 523

Horehound 1065 & 1066

■ Knapweed, var. a 706

var. 13 707

Medick 337

Mustard 85

Nightshade 931 & 932

Oat 1740

Poplar 1302

Saltwort 1150

Spleenwort 1874 & 1S75 j

Blackthorn 408

Bladder Campion, Common 199

Sea 200

fern, Alpine 1867

Brittle 1865

Mountain 1868

Nut, Common 322

Sedge 1682

seed, Cornish 630

Bladderwort, Greater 1125

Intermediate 1127

Lehman's 1125 (bis)

Lesser 1126

Blasensegge (Ger.)

Blasse Segge (Ger.)

Blass-gelber Klee (Ger.)

Blasses Habichtshraut (Ger.)

Blattlose Platterbse (Ger.)

Blatttoser Widi rbart (Ger.) ..
Blane Molinie (Ger.)

PAGE

124

35

78

79

66

122

54

92

20S

74

78

79

81

70

208

158

41

96

112

111

89

158

208

198

96

163

112

170

45

53

32

32

24

127

9S

78

199

154

122,\
123/
115

57

58
104
102
107
235
171
176
127
129
127
128
171
133

42
1S5
103
131

91

VI.

viii.

ii.

i.

viii.

viii.

viii.

vi.

i.

vm.
vii.

n.
xii.
xii.

xii.

IV.

vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Bliiuliche Sommericurz (Ger.) 193 vi.

Blauliches Sabichtskraut (Gtr.) 193 v.

Bleaberry 879 25 vi.

BLECH'NUM

— — borea'le, Swartz 1885 143 xii.

Spi'cant, Both 1885 143 xii.

BLI'TUM

Bo'nus-Henri'cus, Beich.... 1199 24 viii.

glau'cum, Koch 1198 23 viii.

ru'brum, Reich. 1195, 1196, 1197 20 viii.

[virga'tum, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 38 viii.

Bloody Crane's-bill 293 192 ii.

veined Dock 1211 42 viii.

Blue-bottle 709 34 v.

Blvmenblattlose Sagine (Ger.) 119 ii.

Blut-ffirse (Ger.) 11 xi.

Blutrother Kranichschnabel (Ger.) ... 192 ii.
BLYS'MUS

Broad-leaved 1583 48 x.

COMPEES'SUS, Panz. ... 1583 48 x.

Narrow-leaved 15S4 49 x.

EU'FUS, Link 15S4 48 x.

Bocks Biemenzunge (Ger.) 91 ix.

Bogbean 920 & 921 79-81 vi.

Bog Hair-grass 1733 69 xi.

Myrtle 1298 190 viii.

Orchis 1489 135 ix.

Pimpernel 1148 153 vii.

Sandwort 244 116 ii.

Stitchwort 233 100 ii.

Bois franc (Ft.) 220 ii.

Borage, Common 1114 13 vii.

BOEA'GO

OFFICINALIS, Linn. ... 1114 112 vii.

BOBKHAUS'IA

fa'Mda, Hook. & Am 815 157 v.

seto'sa, Hook. & Arn 817 158 v.

taraxacifo'lia, Hook. & Arn. 816 158 v.

Borstenformige Simse (Ger.) 60 x.

Borstige Grundfeste (Ger.) 159,160 v.

Borstiges Bapiinzclien (Ger.) 244 iv.

BOTBYAN'THUS

odo'rus, Kunth 1529 201 ix.

BOTITYCH'IUM

Inci'sum, Milde 1S37 25 xii.

[lanceola'tum, Angstrom]

(excluded) 28 xii.

Luna'ria, Fries 1837 25 xii.

Lowe 1837 25 xii.

LUNA'RIA, Swartz 1S37 24 xii.

[ ■ var. 8, Sm.] (excluded) ... 27 xii.

var. inci'sum, Milde 25 xii.

var. Moor'ei, Lowe 25 xii.

var. ruta'ceum, Fries 25 xii.

luna'tum, Gray 1837 24 xii.

[matricariifolium, A.

Braun] (excluded) 27 xii.

[ruta'ceum, Newm.~] (ex-

cluded) 28 xii.

INDEX.

233

PLATE PAGE VOL.

BOTRYCHTUM

[Euta'ceum, Sicarfz'] (ex-

cluded) 27 xii.

Bottle Sedge 1680 169 x.

Boucage a grandes feuilhs (Fr.) 116 iv.

Boucuge Saxifrage (Fr.) 116 iv.

Bouleau blanc(Vx.) 183 viii.

Bouleau nain (Fr.) 188 viii.

Bouleau pubescent (Fr.) 187 viii.

Bourrache officinale (Fr.) 113 vii.

Box, Common 1252 95 viii.

Brachypode des Bois (Fr.) 174 xi.

Brachypode primielle (Fr.) 176 xi.

BRACHYPODIOI

grac'ile, P. de B 1807 173 xi.

Mia'ctum.Tr 1792 153 xi.

E. &S 1759 110 xi.

PIXXATCM. P. deB. ... 1808 175 xi.

var. glabres'cens, Syme 175 xi.

pubes'cens, Syme 175 xi.

SYLYAT'KTM. B. & S. 1807 173 xi.

var. glabres'cens, Syme 174 xi.

■ — • var. pubes'cens, Syme 174 xi.

Bracken Fern 1886 145 xii.

BBACONNOTIA

elymoi'des, Godr 1S09 176 xi.

Brake Fern 1886 145 xii.

Brakes, Common 1S86 145 xii.

Bramble, Balfour's 192 iii.

Bloxam's 181 iii.

Broad-leaved 170 iii.

Brownish-black 186 iii.

Buckthorn-leaved ... 446 169 iii.

Coarse 183 iii.

Colemans 174 iii.

■ Common 447 163 iii.

Cuspidate-leaved 451 179 iii.

Dwarf 1S2 iii.

File-stemmed 452 1S5 iii.

Glandular-stemmed... 404 191 iii.

Grabowski's 449 174 iii.

Giinther's 189 iii.

Hazd-leaved 455 193 iii.

Hedgehog 181 iii.

Hornbeam-leaved 176 iii.

Imbricated-leaved 170 iii.

Ineurved-leaved 170 iii.

Intermediate 167 iii.

Kohler's 453 186 iii.

Large-leaved 450 178 iii.

Leafy-fiowered 190 iii.

Lejeune's 188 iii.

Leaser sub-erect 166 iii.

Lindley's 168 iii.

Long-clustered 44S 173 iii.

Mallow-leaved 194 iii.

Pilose-stemmed 176 iii.

Plaited-leaved 445 167 iii.

Pyramidal-flowered 18S iii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Bramble, Rose-flowered 182 iii.

Bough 183 iii.

Salter's 175 iii.

Sprengel's 180 iii.

Stone 441 160 iii.

Sub-erect 444 165 iii.

Thyrsus-flowered 172 iii.

Trailing 190 iii.

Tubercular 195 iii.

Various-leaved 187 iii.

Brandy Bottle 54 79 i.

BRAS'SICA

ADPEES'SA, Boiss 86 129 i.

AL'BA, Boiss 84 125 i.

BEEYTPES, Syme 94 & 95 140 i.

campes'tris, Linn 89 134 i.

L. (cultivated vars.) 135 i.

Cheiran'thus, Vill 92 139 i.

eu-monen'sis, Syme 91 138 i.

MONEN'SIS, Huds. ...91&92 138 i.

Auct. Plur 91 13S i.

mura'lis, Boiss 94 140 i.

var. Babington'ii, Syme 141 i.

Xa'pus, Linn 88 133 i.

XI'GEA, Koch 85 126 i.

OLEEA'CEA, Linn 87 130 i.

L. (cultivated vars.) 131 i.

orienta'lis, Linn 101 14S i.

perfolia'ta, Lamarck 101 14S i.

POLYMOETHA, ,S'(/me... 88-90 133 i.

Ea'pa, Linn 90 135 xi.

L. (cultivated vars.) 136 i.

SIXAPIS'T RUM, .Boiss.... 83 124 xi.

TENUIFOTilA, Boiss. ... 93 139 i.

vi'minea, Boiss 95 142 l.

Braune Moorsimse (Ger.) 46 x.

Simse 49 x.

Breitbldttrige Glockenblume (Ger.) ... 11 vi.

Linde(Gev.) 173 ii.

Platterbse (Ger.) 108 iii.

Sumpficurz (Ger.) 125 ix.

Wol/smilch (Ger.) 101 viii.

Breitblattriger MerJ; (Ger.) 118 iv.

BreitbVdttriges Knabenkraut (Ger.) ... 101 ix.
Kolbenrohr (Ger.) 3 ix.

Pfefferhraut, or Kresse

(Ger.) 213 i.

Breitfriichtiger Wasserstern (Ger.) ... 120 viii.

Brennende Nessel (Ger.) 131 viii.

Briar, Baker's 473 217 iii.

Leathery-leaved 472 221 iii.

Scentless 471 215 iii.

Bristle-fern 1839 35 xii.

Bristle-grass, Green 1693 14 xi.

Eough 1694 14 xi.

Bristol Eock Cress 114 166 i.

Brittle Bladder-fern 1 S65 102 xii.

BEIZA

lutts'cens, Fouc 131 ^i-

234

ENGLISH BOTANY.

TLATE TAGE VOL.

BEI'ZA

ME'DIA, Lima.

MTNOR, Linn.

Brize commune (Ft.) .

■fluette (Fr.)

1774
1775

Brombeere (Ger.)

Brome-grass, Barren

Confused

False, Barren

Wood

Brome des pres (Fr.) ,

dresse' (Fr.) ,

rude (Fr.) ....

sterile (Fr.)

Field

Great

Racemose

Bough

Bye 1800 &

Soft 1S04&

Tall 1793 &

Upright Annual . . .
Perennial

1799
1802
1808
1807
1S06
1798
1803
1795
1801
1805
1794
1797
1796

1795

1795
1802
1797
1796

1803

BEO'MUS

am'bigens, Jord 1798

ARVEN'SIS, Linn 1806

Sin 1802

as'per, Benek

ASTER, Murr

var. Beneken'ii, Syme

var. sero'tinus, Syme

comrnuta'tus, Schrad

dian'drus, Curt

EREC'TUS, Huds

var. villo'sus, Syme...

eu-racemo'sus, Syme

Ferron'ii, Mab

GIGANTE'US, Linn.

1793 & 1794
var. triflo'rus, Syme... 1794

hordea'eeus, Linn

MADEITEN'SIS, Linn....

R. & S

var. Curtis'ii, Bab. ...

var. rig'idus, Bab. ...

MAX'MUS, Desv

moll if or' mis, Lloyd

MOL'LIS, L 1S04 &

Fr

var. glabres'cens, Coss.

var. Lloydia'nus, Syme

(var. Ferro'nii on plate)

midtiflo'rus, Sin

[pat'ulus, M. & iv.] (ex-

cluded)

pinna'tus, L 1808

polysta'chyus, DC 1797

praten'sis, Ehrh 1802

ramo'sus, Huds 1795

racemo'sus, Fries 1803

1797
1797

1798
1805
1S05
1804

1805
1801

130
132

131
132

158
164
169
176
174
172
163
168
158
166
171
156
162
160
168
160
158
164

162
171
168
157
156
157
157
168
160
159
159
167
170

155
156
170
160
161
1G1
161
162
170
169
170
170

170
166

201
175
160
168
156
167

XI.

xi.
xi.

xi.
xi.

xi.
xi.

TLATE PAGE VOL.

BEO'MUS

RACEMO'SUS, Linn.

1802 & 1803 166 xi.

var. comrnuta'tus, Hook. f.

1802 16S xi.

rig'idus, Koch 1798 162 xi.

Roth 161 xi.

SECALI'NUS, L. 1800 & 1801 165 xi.

Schrad 1800 165 xi.

var. diver'gens, Reich 166 xi.

var. veluti'nus, Syme 1801 166 xi.

sero'tinus, Benek 1795 157 xi.

[squarro'sus, L.] (excluded) 202 xi.

STERTLIS, L 1799 163 xi.

sylvat'icus, Sin 1807 173 xi.

[Tecto'rum, £.] (excluded) 201 xi.

trifto'ra, Linn 1794 156 xi.

[uniolui'des, Willd.'] (excluded) 201

veluti'nus, Schrad 1801

Brooklinie 990

Brook Saxifrage, Alpine 553

■ -weed 1151

Broom, Common 329

rape, Bluish 1017

Branched 1007

Clove-scented ... 1012

-Greater 1010

Ivy 1015

Lesser 1016

Picris 1014

Purple 1009

Red 1011

Sand 1008

Tall Brown 1013

Brownworts 947 & 94S

166
170

76
156

11
200
191
196
194
199
200
198
193
195
192
197
121-
23

xi.
xi.

VII.

iii.

VI.

vi.

{^}

Bruch TFe/de (Ger.) 207

Bruisewort 197 53

BBUNEL'LA. See PEUNEL'LA. 45
Brunelle commune (Fr.) 47

BBUN'IEBA

vivip'ara, Franch 1398 24

Brunnenkresse (Ger.) 176

Bruyere a quatre faces (Fr.) 38

ce tulree (Fr.) 41

commune (Fr.) 44

vaqabonde (Fr ) 42

Bryone diolque (Fr.) 36

BEYO'NIA

DIOI'CA, Linn 517

Bryony, Black 1508

Rcd-benied 517

BUCE'TUM

ela'tius, Parn 1789 & 1790

gigante'um, Parn. ... 1793 & 1794

lolia'ceum, Parn 1792

praten'se, Parn 1791

Buchiceizen Knvterich (Ger.)

Buckbean, Common 920

VII.

vii.

42

VI

36

iv

35

iv

170

ix

36

iv

150

xi

155

xi

153

xi

152

xi

60

viii

79

vi

INDEX.

235

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Buckbean, Bound-leaved 921 81 vi.

BuekeUge WasserUnae (Ger.) 23 ix.

Buckler-fern, Female 1S4S 52 xii.

BuckVkorn Plantain 116S 174 vii.

Buckthorn, Breaking 319 229 ii.

leaved Bramble ... 446 169 iii.

Purging 318 227 ii.

Sea 1245 S3 viii.

Buckwheat, Climbing 1227 62 viii.

Common 1226 60 viii.

Copse 1228 63 viii.

BUFFO'NIA

[an'nua, DC] (excluded) 134 ii.

[tenuifolia, Sm.] (excluded) 134 ii.

Bugle, Common 1088 78 vii.

Pyramidal 1089 79 vii.

faux-pin (Fr.) 80 vii.

pyramidale (Fr.) 79 vii.

rampante (Fr.) 78 vii.

Bugloss, Common Viper's 1095 89 vii.

Purple Viper's 1096 90 vii.

Small 1111 109 vii.

Buglosse des campagnes (Fr.) 109 vii.

— - ojneiaale (Fr.) 110 vii.

toujour* verte (Fr.) 112 vii.

Bugrane des champs (Fr.) 18 iii.

e'pineuse (Fr.) 16 iii.

Bui's toujours vert (Fr.) 95 viii.

BULBI'NE

planifo'Ua, R. & S 1541 220 ix.

Bullace 409 117 iii.

Bull-dogs 953 131 vi.

Bullock's-wort 937 111 vi.

Bull-rush, Common 1596 63 x.

Glaucous 1597 64 x.

Leafy-stemmed 1600 67 x.

Three-edged 1599 66 x.

Trigonous-stemmed 159S Q5 x.

BU'NIAS

Caki'le, Linn 79 117 i.

BU'NIUM

Bulbocas'tanum, Linn 583 112 iv.

Ca/ri, Bieb 582 111 iv.

FLEXUO'SUM, With. ... 5S4 113 iv.

verticilla'tum, Gr. & Godr. 581 110 iv.

Bunny 953 131 vi.

Bunter Da un (Ger.) 66 vii.

BUPLEU'RUM

AEISTA'TUM, Bartl. ... 590 120 iv.

FALCA'TUM, Linn 592 122 iv.

Odoitti'tes, Sm 590 120 iv.

ROTUXDIFO'LIUM,

Linn 589 120 iv.

TEXUIS'SDIOI, Linn... 591 121 iv.

Buplevre a feuilles rondes (Fr.) 120 iv.

BupUvre arieie (Fr.) 121 iv.

des haies (Fr.) 123 iv.

menu (Ft.) 122 iv.

Burdock, Greater 699 24 v.

Intermediate 700 25 v.

PLATE PAGE

Burdock, Lesser 702 26

Xarrow-leaved 701 26

Bur-Marygold, Common 860 214

Xodding 763 94

Tripartite 764 95

Bur Medick, Little 340 28

Burnet, Common Salad 409 143

Great 421 132

Muricated Salad 420 136

Rose, Common 461 204

Irish 463 206

Red-fruited 462 205

Saxifrage, Common 585 116

Great 586 116

Bur-Parsley, Great 618 162

Small 617 161

reed, Branched 1387 6

Floating 1389 8

Small 1390 9

Unbranched 1388 7

Bush Vetch 3S8 92

Butoher's-Broom, Common 1516 1S5

Butone en ombelle (Fr.) 76

BUTOMUS

OIBELLATUS, Linn.... 1443 76

Butter-and-eggs 962-964 142

bur, Common (sub-female) 784 120

(sub-male) 783 120

Buttercup 33 39

Butterfly Orchis, Greater 1464 107

Lesser 1463 106

Butterwort, Alpine 1123 125

Common 1121 123

Large-flowered 1122 124

Pale 1124 125

Buxbaum Segge '(Ger. ) 108

Buxbaum's Speedwell 973 153

BUX'US

SEMPERVI'REXS, Linn. 1252 95

Cabbage Mustard 101 149

Sea 87 130

Wild 87 130

CAKI'LE

MARIT'IMA, Scop 79 117

CALAMAGBOS'TIS

arena'ria, Roth 1722 51

cohm'ta, DC 1697 19

EPIGETOS, Both 1723 53

LAXCEOLA'TA, Roth ...1724 54

Lappon'ica, Hook 1726 56

neglec'ta, Fl. Wett 1725 & 1726 55

STRIC'TA, Xutt. 1725 & 1726 55

Hook 1725 56

var. Hooke'ri, Syme... 1726 56

Calament ascendant (Fr.) 36

des champs (Fr.) 33

des hois (Fr.) 36

Xepe'ta (Fr.) 34

Cola magrostis la needle (Fr.) 55

Calamint, Common 1050 & 1051 36

VOL.

v.

IX.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

x.

vi.

viii.
i.

XI.

xi.
xi.

vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.

236

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

vii.
vii.

Calainint, Lesser 1049 34

Wood 1052 36

CALAMIN'THA

AC'INOS, Clairv 1048

ascen'dens, Jord ... 1050 & 1051

CLINOPO'DIUM, Spenn. 1047

MENTHIFO'LrA, Host.

1050 & 1051
var. Brigg'sii, Syme... 1051

NEP'ETA, Clairv 1049

officinalis, J ord 1052

Monch 1050 & 1051

var. ascen'dens, Reich.

fil 1051

var. menthifo'lia, Reich.

fil 1050

officina'lis, var. vulga'ris,

Reich, fil 1052

SYLVAT'ICA, Bromf. ... 1052

CALENDULA

[arven'sis, Linn.'] (excluded) ...

[officina'lis, Linn.'] (excluded) ...

Callitriche a fruits larges (Fr.)

printaniere (Fr.)

PLATE PAGE VOL.

CALLITKICHE

aqua'tica, Sm 1271

AUTUMNA'LIS, Linn.... 1275

Hook 1274

Kiitz 1273

cophocar'pa, Sendtn

eu-autumna'lis, Syme 1275

eu-ver'na, Syme 1271

■ hamula'ta, Kiitz 1273

var. peduncula'ta,

Bab 1274

pal'lens, Gold

peduncula'ta, DC 1274

var. ses'silis, Bab. ... 1273

platycar'pa, Kiitz 1272

slagna'lis, Hegelm 1272

trunca'ta, Guss

ver'na, Auct. Plur 1271

YER'NA, Linn 1271-1274

verna'lis, Kiitz 1271

Ckdlitrique en crochet (Fr.)

CALLU'NA

VULGA'RIS, Salisb 894

var. glabra' ta, Syme

var. inca'na, Syme

CAL'THA

alpes'tris, Schott ? 41

eu-palus'tris, Syme 40

flabellifo'lia, Boreau 41

Pursh

Grueranqe'rii, Boreau

PALUSTRIS, Linn 40

Auct. Plur 40

Boreau 40

32 vii.
34 vii
31 vii.

34 vii.

35 vii.

33 vii.

36 vii.

34 vii.

35 vii.

35 vii.

36 vii.
36 vii.

216 v.

216 v.

120 viii.
119 viii.

119 viii.
122 viii.

121 viii.

120 viii.
119 viii.

122 viii.

119 viii.

120 viii.

121 viii.

119 viii.

121 viii.

120 viii.
120 viii.

120 viii.

122 viii.
119 viii.

118 viii.

119 viii.

121 viii.

43 vi
43 vi.
43 vi.

52
50
52
52
50
50
50
50

CAL'THA

palus'tris, var. mi'nor, Syme

radi'cans, Forster 41

ripa'ria, Don ?

vidga'ris, Schott

Caltrops, Water 41

CALYSTE'GIA

Se'pium, R. Br 924

Soldanel'la, R. Br 925

CAMELI'NA

denta'ta, " Pers." ? Boreau 142

eu-sati'va, Syme 141

foe'tida, Fries 142

macrocar'pa, Reich 141

SATI'VA, Crantz 141, 142

Fries 141

Cameline cultivee (Fr.)

dente'e (Fr.)

Camomille des champs (Fr.)

des teinturiers (Fr.)

— fetide (Fr.)

Ptomaine (Fr.)

Campanula a feuilles radicates

rondes (Fr.)

a larges feuilles (Fr.)

agglomerte (Fr.)

e'talee (Fr.)

fausse Eaiponce (Fr.)

gantelee (Fr.)

Persicifolia (Fr.)

Eaiponce (Fr.)

CAMPANULA

GLOMERA'TA, Linn. ... 866

HEDER A'CE A, Linn. ... 875

HYB'RIDA, Linn 874

LATIFO'LIA, Linn 868

PAT'ULA, Linn 873

PERSICIFO'LIA, Linn. 871

RAPUNCULOI'DES, Linn. 869

RAPUN'CULUS, Linn,... 872

ROTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn. 870

var. monta'na,

Syme

[Spec'ulum, Linn.] (excluded)...

TR ACHE'LIUM, Linn. ... 867

Campion 202

Common Bladder 199

Moss 205

Red 211

Sea Bladder 200

Striated 201

White 210

Canadian Fleabane 773

Canadische Lurrwurz (Cer.)

Canary-grass 1698

Canche caryophyllee (Fr.)

gazonnante (Fr.)

pre'cose (Fr.)

Candytuft, Bitter 149

51
52
50
50
52

86
87

200

199

200

199

199

199

200

200
52
53
50
54

13
11

8

16
12

9
14
15

8

18
17
10
15
14
11
14
12

13

19

9

00

57

63

70

58

59

6S

108

108

21

71

05

72

208

vi.
vi.

vi.
vi.

vi.

INDEX.

237

PLATE PAGE

CAN'NABIS

SATI'VA, Linn 12S3 131

Canterbury Bell 8G7 9

Caper Spurge 1267 113

CAPSEL'LA

BUR'SA-PASTO'RIS,

MSnch 152 211

Capselle Bourse a-pasteur (Ft.) 212

Caraway, Common 582 111

Whorled 5S1 110

Caquille (Ft.) 117

Caquillier maritime (Fr.) 118

CARDAMI'NE

AMA'RA, Linn 108 157

[bellidifo'lia, Linn.'] (excluded) 224

BULBIF'EKA, It. Br 107 156

eu-hirsu'ta, Syme 110 160

hasiula'ta, Sm 113 164

HIRSU'TA, Linn. ... 110 & 111 160

Eng. Bot Ill 161

Auct. Plur 110 160

var. sylvat'ica, Auct.

Plur Ill 161

IMPATIENS, Linn 112 161

petree'a, Linn 113 164

PRATEN'SIS, Linn 109 158

sylvat'ica, Link Ill 161

Cardamine (Fr.) 156

amere (Fr.) 158

bulbifere 157

des pre's (Fr.) 159

impatiente (Fr.) 162

velue (Fr.) 160

CABDA'BIA

Dra'ba, De Vaux 158 218

Cardere cultire'e (Fr.) 247

Cardere sauvaije (Fr.) 246

CAR'DUUS

acantlioi'dts, Gr.&Godr.... 685 9

Koch 8

Sm 684 7

acau'Ii-arven'sis, Syme 697

(a misprint for arven'si-acau'lis)

acau'li-praten'sis, Syme ... 696 19

ACAU'LIS, Linn.

692 & 692 (bis) 16

arven'si-acau'lis, Syme 697 20

ARYEN'SIS, Curt. 693 & 694 17

var. seto'sus, Syme ... 694 18

CRIS'PUS, Linn 684 7

var. litigio'sus, Gr. &

Godr 8

var. polyan'thenios, Godr.... 8

ERIOPH'ORUS, Linn. ... 687 11

HETEROPHYL'LUS,

Linn 691 15

LANCEOLA'TUS, Linn. «86 10

Maria'nus, Linn 681 4

multiflo'rus, Gaud 8

VOL. XII.

PLATE PAGE

CAEDUUS

NU'TANS, Linn 6S3 7

nutan'ti-cris'pus, Bond. ... 685 9

[olera'ceus, Pers.] (excluded) ... 215

PALUS'TRIS, Linn 688 12

polyacarithos, Schreb 8

polyan'themos, Doll 685 9

Koch 8

praten'si-palus'tris, Syme... 695 19

PRATEN'SIS, Iluds 690 14

pyenoceph' alus, Bentli 6S2 6

TENUIFLO'RUS,Citrt.... 682 6

TUBERO'SUS, Linn 689 13

Woodwar'dii, Wats 696 19

CA'REX

acu'ta, Curt 1678 165

ACU'TA, Linn 1639 109

agasta'chys, Ehrh 1660 139

ALPI'NA, Sicartz 1636 106

AMPULLA'CEA, Linn. 1680 168

ampulla' cea, var. Baker &

Hunt 1681 169

AQUATTLIS, Wahl.

1641 & 1642 112
var. "VVatso'ni, Syme 113

ARENA'RIA, Linn 1618 86

argyroglo'chin, Lond. Cat 104

ATRA'TA, Linn 1635 104

AXILLA'RIS, Good 1628 97

BINER'VIS, Sm 1667 147

BOENNINGHAUSENIA'NA,

Weihe 1629 98

[brizoi'des, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 174

BUXBAUM'II, Wahl. ... 1637 107

[exspito' sa, Fries] (excluded) ... 175

Gay 1638 108

Good 1643 114

canes'cens, Liun 1637 107

Koch 1631 102

capilla'ris, Leers 1665 144

CAPILLA'RIS, Linn. ...1662 138

cilia' ta, Willd 1654 128

clandesti'na, Good 1651 124

colli'na, Willd 1652 125

cur'ta, Bab 1631 102

CUR'TA, Good.... 1631 & 1632 101

var. alpic'ola, Wahl 16:52 102

DAVALLIA'NA, Sm. ... 1611 79

DEPAUPERA'TA, Good. 1664 142

DIGITA'TA, Linn 1650 122

DIOTCA, Linn 1610 78

DISTANS, Linn 1668 149

DIS'TICHA, Iluds 1617 85

DIVI'SA, Uuds 1616 84

divul'sa, Gaud 93

divul'sa, Good 1625 94

[Dre'jeri, Lange] (excluded) ... 175

Drymei'a, Ehrh 1665 144

echina'la, Murr 1626 94

Ehrhartia'na, Hoppe 1620 88

I

2.18

ENGLISH BOTANY

PLATE

CA'REX

ELONGA'TA, Linn 1630

ERICETO'RUM, Poll, ... 1654

eu-fla'va, Syme 1672 & 1673

eu-murica'ta, Syme 1624

EXTEN'SA, Good 1675

var. £, Maclaren 1674

var. nri'nor, Syme

FILIFOR'MIS, Linn 1676

Jlac'ca, Schreb 1644-1646

fla'va, Ehrh 1672 & 1673

FLA'YA,Linn 1672-1674

Sm 1672

var. lepidocar'pa, Syme.

1673

• var. GE'deri, Kunth ... 1674

var. pat'ula, Coss. ... 1674

- FUL'VA, Good. ... 1669 & 1670

—Koch

Sm 1669

var. Hornschuchia'na,

Bab 1670

var. speirosta'chya, Syme.

1660
stcr'ilis, »S'£/?n«

Gehhar'di, Hoppe 1632

Gehhar'di, Schk

Gibso'ni, Bab

. GL AU'C A, Scop. ... 1644-1646

var. Michelia'na, Sm. 1645

. var. stictocarpa, D. Don,

1646

Goodenov'ii, Gay 1643

grac'ilis, Curt 1639

Wimm 163S

Gra'harai, Boott 1684

HIR'TA, Linn 1677

■ var. ebractea'ta, Syme

var. hirtifor'mis, Syme

Itirtifur'mis, Pers

[hordeifor'mis, Wahl.~\ (excluded)

Hornschuchia'na, Hoppe.

1669 & 1670

Reich 1670

■ HU'MILIS, Leyss 1651

ENCUR'VA, Lightf. 1615

■ — — intermedia, Good 1617

INYOLUTA, Bab 1681

IRRIG'UA, Hoppe 1648

juncifo'lia, All

Kochia'na, DC

L/EVIGA'TA, Sm 1666

LAGOPI'XA, WaU 1633

lepidocar'pa, Tausch 1673

fl633
[1634

LIMO'SA, Linn 1647

var. a, Wahl 1617

var. irrig'ua, Wahl. 1648

limo'sa, var. rariflo'ra, Wahl. 1649

lepori'na, Linn.

PAGE VOL.

99 X.

128 x.

158 x.

93 x.

154 x.

157 x.
153 x.

160 x.
116 x.

158 x.

156 x.

158 x.

159 x.

157 x,
157 x.

152 x.

153 x.

152 x.

153 x.

153 x.

153 x.

102 x.
100 x.

115 x.

116 x.

117 x.

117 x.
114 x.
109 x.
109 x.
172 x.

161 x.

162 x.
162 x.
162 x.
175 x.

152 x.

153 x,
124 x.

83 x.

85 x

169 x,

118 x.
(84) x.
166 x.
146 x.
100 x.
159 x.
100 x.

103 x.

119 x,

119 x.
118 x.

120 x.

PLATE

CA'REX

max'ima, Scop 1660

Michelia'na, Sm 1645

Mielichof'eri, Sm 1659

MOXTA'XA, Linn 1652

murica'ta, Auct. Plur 1624

MURICA'TA, Linn. 1624 & 1625

var. compac'ta, Syme

pseu'do-divul'sa, Syme

var. virens, Koch

Oe'deri, Ehrh 1674

Sm 1673

OVA'LIS, Good 1634

var. bractea'ta, Syme

PALLES'CENS, Linn.... 1657

PALUDO'SA, Good 1678

paludo'sa, Reich 1678

var. Kochia'na, Gaud

PA'NICEA, Linn 1658

pa'nicea, var. sparsiflo'ra,

Wahl 1659

PAXICULA'TA, Linn. ... 1622

PARADOX'A, Willd. ... 1621

pat'ula, Scop 1665

PAITCIFLO'RA, Light/. 1614

PEX'DULA, Huds 1660

Persoon'ii, Sieb 1632

phieosta'chya, Sm 1659

PILULIF'ERA, Linn. ... 1653

PR.E'COX,J«cg 1655

PSEU'DO-CYPE'RUS,

Linn 1685

Pseu' do-paradox' a, S. Gib. 1620

PULICA'RIS, Linn 1612

- — • pul'la, Good 1683

PUNCTATA, Gaud 1671

RARIFLO'RA, Sm 1649

recur'va, Huds 1644-1646

Sm 1644

REMO'TA, Linn 1627

remo'ta-panicula'ta, Garcke 1629

RIGTDA, Good 1640

RIPA'RIA, Curt 1679

RUPES'TRIS, All 1613

SAXATTLIS, Linn. 16S3 & 1684

Willd 1640

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 16S3

var. Gra'hami, Hook.

& Arn 1684

[secali'na, Sm.] (excluded)

spadic'ea, Roth

sparsiflo'ra, Steud 1659

speirosta'chya, Sm 1670

STELLULA'TA, Good. ... 1626

stictocar'pa, Sm 1646

STRIC'TA, Good 1638

— - STRIGO'SA, Huds 1661

styg'ia, Frit s

SYLVATICA, Suds 1665

tenel'la, Sm.

PAGE VOL.

139

117

134

125

93

92

93

93

93

157

159

103

104

132

165

166

166

133

134

90

89

144

82

139

102

134

127

129

163

88

80

173

150

120

116

117

96

98

111

167

81

172

111

173

172
175
166
134
153

94
117
108
141
122
144

96

INDEX.

239

PLATE PAGE VOL.

CA'EEX

TEEETIUS'CULA, Good.

1619 & 1G20 87 x.

var. Ehrhartia'na,

Syme 1620 87 x.

TOMENTO'SA, Linn. ... 1656 130 x.

vndida'ta, Kunze 132 x.

USTULA'TA, Wahl 1663 136 x.

YAGINA'TA, Tausch. ... 1659 134 x.

Vdhl'ii, Schk 1636 106 x.

VESIOA'EIA, Linn 1682 170 x.

var. alpig' ena, Fr. ... 16S4 172 x.

var. involu'ta, Bab 1681 169 x.

vit'ilis, Fries 1632 102 x.

vi'rens, Lam 93 x.

VULGA'RIS, Fries 1643 114 x.

var. Gibso'ni, Syme 115 x.

var. uligino'sa, Syme 115 x.

VULPI'XA. Linn 1623 91 x.

Withering' ii, Gray 87 x.

Carex a deux epis (Fr.) 86 x.

nervures (Fr.) 148 x.

epis greles (Ft.) 142 x.

pendants (Fr.) HO *•

pilules (Fr.) 127 x.

quat re fleurs (Fr.) 83 x.

aigu (Fr.) HI x.

alonge- (Fr.) 100 x.

ampoule (Fr.) 169 x.

apauvre (Fr.) 144 x.

arrondi (Fr.) 89 x.

capillaire (Fr.) 139 x.

changeant (Fr.) 90 x.

clandestin (Fr.) 125 x.

commun (Fr.) 116 x.

compacte (Fr.) 92 x.

cotonneux (Fr.) 131 x.

de Buxbaum (Fr.) 108 x.

de Daval (Fr.) 80 x.

de montagne (Fr.) 126 x.

d' Qider (Fr.) 158 x.

desbois (Fr.) 145 x.

des bruyeres (Fr.) 129 x.

des fanges (Fr.) 120 x.

des frimas (Fr.) 112 x.

des haies (Fr.) 93 x.

des marais (Fr.) 166 x.

des rives (Fr.) 168 x.

des rochers (Fr.) 82 x.

des sables (Fr.) S7 x.

digite(Fr.) 123 x.

dioique (Fr.) 79 x.

endeuil(Fr.) 106 x.

en vessie (Fr.) 171 x.

espaee (Fr.) 97,150 x.

etire (Fr.) i56 x.

etoile (Fr.) 95 x.

fauve (Fr.) 154 x.

faux souchet (Fr.) 164 x.

filiforme (Fr.) '.. 161 x.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Carex glauque (Fr.) 118 x.

herisse- (Fr.) 163 x.

inter rompu (Fr.) 94 x.

jaune (Fr.) 160 x.

leporina (Fr.) 104 x.

lisse(Fr.) 147 x.

pale (Fr.) 133 x.

panic (Fr.) 134 x.

panicule (Fr.) 91 x.

ponctue'(Fr.) 151 x.

precoce (Fr.) 130 x.

puce (Fr.) 81 x.

raide (Fr.) 1C9 x.

CAELI'NA

racemo'sa, Linn, (excluded) 215 v.

VULGA'RIS, Linn 698 21 v.

Carline commune (Fr.) 22 v.

Carliue Thistle 698 22 v.

Carnation, Wild 194 49 ii.

Carotte commune (Fr.) , 158 iv.

de Boccone (Fr.) 157 iv.

CAEPI'NTJS

BET'ULUS, Linn 1293 176 viii.

var. provincia'lis, Gay 176 viii.

Carrot, Sea 615 157 iv.

Wild 616 158 iv.

CA'RUM

BULBOCAS'TAXUM,

Koch 583 112 vi.

CAE'VI, Linn 582 111 iv.

flexuo'sum, Fries 584 113 iv.

VEETICILLA'TUM, Koch

581 110 iv.

Carum carvi (Fr.) HI iv.

verticille (Fr.) HO iv.

CARYOL'OPHA

semper vi'rens, Fiach. & Traut.

1113 111 vii.

CASTA'NEA

sati'va, Mill 1290 159 viii.

ves'ca, G'artn 1290 159 viii.

VULGA'EIS, Linn 1290 159 viii.

CATABRO'SA

AQUATIC A, P.deB. ... 1750 94 xi.

Catabr ose aquatique (Fr.) 95 xi.

CATAPO'DIUH

lolia'ceum, Link 1759 110 xi.

CATA'BIA

vulga'ris, Munch 1054 38 vii.

Catchfly 201 59 ii.

Common Garden 204 62 ii.

English 202 60 ii.

Italian 208 66 ii.

Lobel's 204 62 ii.

Night-flowering 209 67 ii.

Nottingham 207 65 ii.

Red Alpine 214 73 ii.

Red German 213 72 ii.

240

ENGLISH BOTANY.

TLATE PARE

Catchfly, Spanish 206 64

Spotted 203 61

Variegated 203 61

CA THAR TOLI'NUM

praten'se, Eeich 289 181

Cat Mint 1054 39

Cat's-ear Hawkweed 842 187

Long-rooted 790 130

Smooth 7S9 129

Spotted 791 130

Cat's-Tail, Common 1385 3

: — Narrow-leaved 1386 4

Caucalide Anihrisque (Fr.) 164

a feuilles de Carotte

(Fr.) 161

a larges feuilles (Fr.) 162

noueuse (Fr.) 165

CAU'CALIS

■ ANTHKIS'CUS, Huds.... 620 163

DAUCOI'DES, Linn 617 160

• INFES'TA, Curt 619 162

LATIFO'LIA, Linn 618 161

NODO'SA, Huds 621 164

CATJLWIA

flex' His, Willd 1432 63

Celandine, Common 67 100

Crowfoot 39 49

■ Lesser 39 49

Celery, Wild 572 99

CENTAU'EEA

ama'ra, DC 31

ASTEEA, Linn 710 36

CALCITBA'PA, Linn.... 711 37

[Clu'sii, Gay] (excluded) 215

CY'ANUS, Linn 709 34

Debraux'ii, Gr. & Godr. ... 707 32

decip'iens, Thuill 707 32

[intyba'cea, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 216

Lsnar'di, Linn 710 36

JA'CEA, Linn 705 30

[Kotschya'na, Koch] (ex-

cluded) 215

[leucopliaj'a, Jord.] (ex-

cluded) 215

microp'tilon, Gr. & Godr.... 707 32

[monta'na, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 216

nemom'lis, Joid 31

NI'GEA, Linn 706 & 707 31

Hook. &Arn 706 31

var. decip'iens, Bah. 707 32

nigres'cens, Gr. & Godr. ... 707 32

Willd. (?) Hook. &

Arn 707 32

[panicula'tar Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 215

praten'sis, (?) Gr. & Godr. 707 32

pulla'ta. Linn 36

TLATE PAGE VOL.

CENTAU'EEA

[Salaman'tica, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 215 v.

SCABIO'SA, Linn 708 33 v.

eeroti'na, Bor 31 v.

SOLSTITIA'LIS, Linn. 712 38 v.

Centauree Bleuet (Fr.) 34 v.

Chausse-trappe (Fr.) 37 v.

du Solstice (Fr.) 3S \.

Jacea (Fr.) 31 v.

noir (Fr.) 32 v.

— — rude (Fr.) 36 v.

sea bieuse (Fr.) 33 v.

Centaury, Broad-leaved 907 66 vi.

Common 909 68 vi.

• — Narrow-leaved 908 67 vi.

Slender 910 69 vi.

Yellow 913 72 vi.

Centenille naine (Fr.) 153 vii.

Centrante Chausse-trappe (Fr.) 235 iv.

rouge (Fr.) 234 iv.

CENTEAN'THUS

CALCITRA'PA, DC. 665 234 iv.

RU'BER, DC. 664 233 iv.

CENTUN'CULUS

MINIMUS, Linn 1149 153 vii.

CEPHALAN'THEEA

ENSIFO'LIA, Rich 1484 128 ix.

GEANDIFLO'RA, Bab. 1485 129 ix.

Lonchophyl'lum, Eeich. fil. 1485 129 ix.

pal'lens, Eich 1485 129 ix.

EU'BEA, Rich 1483 127 ix.

Xiphophyl'lum, Eeich. fil. 1484 128 ix.

CEPHALA'BIA

pilo'sa, Gr. & Godr 676 248 iv.

Ceraiste a larges feuilles (Fr.) 88 ii.

commun (Fr.) 83 ii.

des Alpes (Fr.) 86 ii.

des champs (Fr.) 89 ii.

griie (Fr.) 79 ii.

nain (Fr.) 80 ii.

pentandre (Fr.) 81 ii.

trivial (Fr.) 84 ii.

Cerfeuil Anihrisque (Fr.) 167 iv.

' herisse (Ft.) 166 iv.

penche (Fr.) 169 iv.

sauvage (Fr.) 168 iv.

CERAMAN'THE

— — ■ rerna'lis, Eeich 951 125 vi.

CEEAS'TIUM

ALPI'NUM, Linn 223 84 ii.

Eeich.? 85 ii.

var. hirsu'tum, Gr. &

Godr 85 ii.

var. lana'tum, Syme S5 ii.

var. pilo'so-pubes'cens,

Benth 224 87 ii.

var. pubes'cens, Syme 85 ii.

aquat'icum, Linn 227 91 ii.

INDEX.

241

PLATE PAGE '

CERASTIUM

ARVEN'SE, Linn 225 88

var. Andrew'sii, Syme 89

var. pubes'cens, Syme 225 89

atrovi'rens, Bab. (olim) ... 218 78

glaciale, Gaud 88

glau'cum, var. y. quater-

nel'lwm, Gr. & Godr. ... 217 77

GLOMERA'TUM, Thuill. 221 82

glutino'sum, Fries 219 79

lana'tum, Lam 223 85

laricifo'lium, Vill. ? 89

latifo'lium, Auct. Scand 87

Edmonst 87

LATIFO'LIUM, Smith... 224 86

var. compac'tum, Syme 87

var. Edmonston'ii,

Bab 87

var. nigres'cens, Syme 87

var. Smith'ii, Syme 87

nigres'cens, Edmonst 87

ohscu'rum, Cbaub 219 79

PU'MILUM, Curtis 219 79

Gr. &Godr 218 78

QUATERNEL'LUM,

Fenzl 217 77

SEMIDECAN'DRUM,

Linn 220 81

stric'tum, Linn. ? 89

suffrutico' sum, Linn. ? 89

TETRAN'DRUM, Curtis. 218 78

TRl'GYNUM, Vill 226 90

TRIVIA'LE, Link 222 83

var. holosteoi'des,

Fries 84

var. pentan'drum,

Syme 84

visco'sum, "Linn.," Smith 222 83

" Linn.," Fries 221 82

vulga're, Hartm 222 83

vulga'tum, Benth 218-222 84

" Linn.," Smith 221 82

" Linn.," Fries 222 83

CEEATOPHYL'LUM

apicula'tum, Cham 124

AQUAT'ICUM, Wats.

1276 & 1277 123

demer'sum, Benth. 1276 & 1277 123

Linn 1276 123

platyacan'thum, Cham 124

submer'sum, Linn 1277 123

Cerisier Merisier (Fr.) 120

CETERACH

OFFICINA'RUM, Desv. 1883 139

var. crena'tum, Milde 1883 140

CHZEROPHYL'LUM

ANTHRIS'CUS, Lam. ... 622 166

[aromat'icum, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 180

vm.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
iii.

Xll.

xii.

PLATE PAGE

CH^ROPHYL'LTJM

[au'reum, Linn.'] (excluded) 180

Cerefo'lium, plate 623, should

read C. sati'vum, Lam.

SATI'VUM, Lam 623 167

SYLVES'TRE, Linn. ... 624 168

temuleu'tum, 8m 625 169

TEM'ULUM, Linn 625 169

CHAMjEME'LUM

inodo'rum, De Vis. ... 717 & 718 46

CHAMMPLIUM

officinale, Wall 96 143

polyccra'tium, Wall 97 144

CHAMAGEO'STIS

MIN'IMA, Borhh 1689 7

CHAMIT'IA

reticula'ta, Kerner 1379 260

Chamomile, Common 724 54

Corn 721 & 722 52

Ox-eye 723 53

Wild 719 48

CHAMOMIL'LA

no'bilis, Godr 724 53

Chanvre cultive (Fr.) 132

Chapeaua"Eveque{¥r.) 74

CHA'RA

acicula'ris, Wallm 1916 207

aeuleola'ta, Kiitz 210

ALOPECUROI'DEA,

"Delile" 1909 193

vars. Montagn'ei and

Wallroth'ii, A. Br 194

alopecuroi'des, Wallm 1909 193

alta'ica, A. Br 1912 199

annula'ta, Wallm 1920 214

AS'PERA, Willd 1919 210

var. dasyacan'tha,

A. Br 212

atrovi'rens, Lowe 1914 203

bal'tica, " Fries " 1917 207

Hartm 1917 207

var. affi'nis, Groves... 1917 208

BarUer'ii, Bals 1902 182

Bor'reri, Babing 1908 189

BRAUNTI, Gmelin 1911 197

brevicau'lis, Bertol 1902 182

Brongniartia'na, Wedd. ... 1899 175

canes'cens, H. & J. Groves 1912 199

Loisel 1919 211

capilla'cea, Thuill 1920 214

capita' ta, "Nees ab Esenb." 1890 177

ceratoPhyl'la,Wal\T 1913 201

coarcta'ta, Wallm 1914 204

colla'bens, Agardh 1914 203

commuta'ta, Rupr 1899 175

condensa' ta, Wallm 1912 199

conni'vens, Salzm 1921 215

var. Durix'i, Kralik 1921 215

contra'ria, A. Braun 1915 204

rv.
iv.

vm.
i.

Xll.

xii.

xu.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

242

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

CHA'EA

contra'ria, var. gymmo-

phylla, A.Bt 205 xii.

var. juba'ta, Miill 205 xii.

" coralli'na, Wallm." 1919 211 xii.

corona ta, Bischoff 1911 197 xii.

Cortia'na, Bertolini 1911 197 xii.

erassicau'lis (Schreber),

Kiitz 1914 203 xii.

CRINI'TA, Wallr 1912 198 xii.

crispa, Wallm 1914 204 xii.

cur'ta, (Note) Kiitz 1919 211 xii.

delicat'ula, Desv 1920 214 xii.

decip'iens, Desv 1914 203 xii.

" diffu'sa, Wallm." 1920 214 xii.

elas'tica, Amid 1890 177 xii.

egMwefc/o'Ka,(Nolte) Kiitz. 1919 211 xii.

equiseti'na, Kiitz 1916 207 xii.

eremosper'ma, Rupr 1911 197 xii.

evolu'ta, Alien 1912 199 xii.

ex'Uis, Barbieri 1903 183 xii.

/alTax, Agardh 1919 j2^'} xii.

fascicula'ta, Amici 1907 188 xii.

,/i/ma, Agardh 1917 207 xii.

flex'Uis, Amici 1911 197 xii.

Linn 1899 175 xii.

Reichenb 1902 182 xii.

Sm 1900 178 xii.

Thuill 1901 181 xii.

[ var. mari'na, Wabl.],

(excluded) 191 xii.

[ var. nidi'fica, Hartm.]

(excluded) 191 xii.

[ var. prolifera, Wallr.]

(excluded) 191 xii.

var. stella' ta, Wallr.... 1902 182 xii.

FCE'TIDA, A. Braun.

1914 & 1915 202 xii.
var. contra'ria, Coss.

&Germ 1915 204 xii.

var. crassicau'lis,

Schleieh 204 xii.

var. hispid'ula, Coss.

& Germ 1915 204 xii.

var. melanopyre'na,

A. Br 205 xii.

var. monilifor'mis, A.

Br 1915 204 xii.

var. subhis'pida, A. Br 205 xii.

folioWta, Hartm 1920 214 xii.

FRAGIF'ERA, Durieu ... 1922 217 xii.

FRAG'ILIS, Desv. 1920 & 1921 213 xii.

var. conni'vens, N. E.

Br 1921 215 xii.

var. Sturrock'ii,

Groves 215 xii.

fulcra'ta, Ganterer 1920 214 xii.

fwricula'ris, Thnill 1914 203 xii.

furca'ta, Amici 1902 182 xii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

CHA'EA

"furcula'ta, Reich." 1899 175 xii.

galioi'des, Agardh 1919 211 xii.

ghbula'ris, Thum. ......... 1920 214 xii.

glomera'ta, Desv 1905 186 xii.

glamerulif'era, Rupr 1905 186 xii.

grac'ilis, Sm 1903 183 xii.

Hedwig'ii, Agardh 1920 214 xii.

7m-'ta,Meyen 1919 211 xii.

his'pida, Linn 1919 211 xii.

HIS'PIDA, Oeder. ... 1916-1918 206 xii.

var. bal'tica, Hartm. 1917 207 xii.

var. crinita, Wallr. ... 1912 199 xii.

dasyacan'tha, A. Br. 1918 20S xii.

pseu'do-crinita, A. Br. 1918 208 xii.

hor'rida, Wallm 1916 207 xii.

interme'dia, A. Br 210 xii.

intertex'ta, Desv 1919 211 xii.

Teuore 1918 208 xii.

intrica'ta, Agardh 1909 193 xii.

Roth 1907 188 xii.

var. robustior, Baker 1908 189 xii.

juba'ta, A. Br 205 xii.

Kareli'ni, Lessing 1912 199 xii.

latifo'lia, Willd 1913 201 xii.

Liljebla'dii, Wallm 1917 208 xii.

longibractea'ta, Kiitz 1914 203 xii.

-Wallm ...1914 204 xii.

longifur'ca, Rupr 1902 182 xii.

monta'na, Pers 1914 203 xii.

mucrona'ta, A. Braun 1902 182 xii.

nidif'ica, Borrer 190S 189 xii.

[ Rotli] (excluded) 191 xii.

Sm 1906 186 xii.

Noltea'na, A. Braun 1917 208 xii.

obtu'sa, Desv 1910 195 xii.

opa'ca, Agardh 1900 178 xii.

papiOa'ta, Wallr 1914 203 xii.

papillo'sa, Kiitz 210 xii.

papulo'sa, Wallr 1909 193 xii.

peduncula'ta, Kiitz 1918 208 xii.

pilif'era, Agardh 1920 214 xii.

polyacan'tha, A. Braun ... 1918 208 xii.

polyspermia, A. Braun 1907 188 xii.

Kiitz 1914 203 xii.

Pouzol'sii, A. Braun 1909 193 xii.

prolifera, Babing 1905 186 xii.

A. Braun 190S 189 xii.

pulchel'la, Wallr 1920 214 xii.

pusil'la, Kiitz 1912 199 xii.

refrao'ta, Kiitz 1914 203 xii.

ru'dis, A. Bratm 1916 207 xii.

seminu'da, Kiitz 1914 203 xii.

Smith'ii, Babing 1906 1S6 xii.

sphagnoi'des, Wallm 1914 204 xii.

spino'sa, Rupr 1916 207 xii.

Stal'ii, Visiani 1911 197 xii.

STELLIG'ERA, Bauer... 1910 195 xii.

[Stenhammaria'na, Wallm.]

(excluded) 191 xii.

INDEX.

243

PLATE PAGE VOL.

CHARA

stric'ta, Kutz 191*

suhhh'pida, A. Braun 1914

subspino'sa, Rupr 1916

synca/pn. vars. A. Braun 1900

A. Braun, etc

Reichenb

Thuill 1900

var. capitata, Gant

var. Smith ii, Coss. &

Germ 1900

tenuispi'na, A. Braun 1919

tenuis' sima, A. Br

Desv 1904

TOMENTCSA, Linn. ... 1913

translu'cens, Persoon 1901

Reichenb 1910

tricho'des, Kiitz 1920

uhoi'des, Bertol 1910

rerruco'sa, Itzigsohn 1920

virga'ta, Kiitz 1920

"vir'idis, Hartm." 1920

vulgaris, ~Lirm 1914

var. elonga'ta, Wallr. 1910

WaMroth'ii, Rupr 1909

Chara, Bearded 1912

Braun's 1911

Bristly 1916-1918

Fetid 1914 & 1915

Foxtail 1909

Fragile 1920 & 1921

Rough 1919

Star-bearing 1910

Strawberry 1922

Tornentose 1913

Char don a fleurs menues (Ft.)

cre'pu (Ft.)

— penche (Ft.)

Charlock 83

Jointed 81

Sea 82

White 81

Wild 81

Charme commun (Ft.)

CHABOP'SIS

Braun'ii. Kiitz 1911

Chatarie commune (Ft.)

Cheddar Pink 193

Cheese-Rennet 648

CHEIRAXTHUS

CHE'IRI, Linn 106

fruticulo'sus, Linn 106

inca'nus, Linn 105

sinua'tus, Linn 104

Che'lidoine Eclair -e (Ft.)

CHELIDO'NIUM

cornicula'tum, Linn 65

Glau'cium, Linn 66

hyb'ridum, Linn 64

203
204
207
178
177
177
178
177

178
211
211
184
200
181
195
214
195
214
214
214
203
195
193
198
197
206
202
193
213
210
195
217
200
6
9
7
124
121
123
121
121
177

197
39
48

215

154
154
152

152
100

96
97
95

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Xll.

vii.

CHELIDO'NIUM

lacinia'tum. Mill 67b

MA'JUS, Linn 67a

Mill 67

var. lacinia'tum, Syme 67b

var. vulga'ris, Syme 67a

Chene a fruits pedoncules (Fr.),

99

99
99
99
99
146

sessiles (Ft.) 157

vni.
viii.

CHEXOPODl'NA

marit'ima, Moq.-Tand.

1179

3 viii.

24
22
21

CHENOPO'DIUM

acutifo'lium, Sm 1186

AL'BUM,^«cf 1188-1190

Linn. Herb 1188

var. Benth 1191

var. can'dicans, Syme 1188

var. commu'ne, Moq.-
Tand 1188

var. paga'num, Syme 1190

var. vir'ide, Moq.-
Tand 1189

var. virides'cens, Moq.-
Tand 1190

[ambrosioi'des, Linn.-] (ex-

cluded) 38

angulo'sum, Lam 1193 17

BO'NLS-HENRI'CUS,

Linn 1199

lotryoi'des, Bab 1197

Sm 1195

[Bo'trys, Linn.'] (excluded) 38

can'dicans, Lam 11S8 13

chry'so-melanosper'mum,

Bab 19

crassifo'lium, Hornm 23

cymo'sum, Chev 1185 11

deltoi'deum,~Lhm 19

eu-ru'brum, Syme 1196 & 1197 22

FICIFOLIUM,Sm 1191

fce'tidum, Linn 1187

frutico'si'm, Linn 1178

GLAU'CUM, Linn 1198

HYB'RIDUM, Linn 1193

interme'dium,N.ert. &Koch. 1194

var. melanosper'mum,

Schur

hiosptr'mum, DC. ... 1188-1190

marit'imum, Linn 1179

melanosper'mum, Wallr

[multif'idum, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 38

MURA'LE, Linn 1192 16

ol'idum, Curt 1187 12

[opulifo'lium, Schrad.] (ex-

cluded) 38

paga'num, Reich 1190 14

POLYSPER'MUM, Linn.

1185 & 1186 10
Sm 1185 11

11

vm.

13

viii.

13

viii.

15

viii.

13

viii.

13

viii

11

viii

14 viii.

14 viii.

vm.

viii.

15

12
2

23
17
19

19

13

3

19

vm.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii-
viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.

vni.
viii.

viii.
viii.

244

ENGLISH LOT ANY.

PLATE PACE VOL.

acuti-

CHENOPODIUM

polysper'mum, var.

fo'lium, Syme

var. cymo'sum, Moq.-

Tand

var. spica'tum, Moq.-

Tand

■ rhomb if o'lium, Miihl

EU'BRUM, Linn. ... 1195-

Sm 1196 &

var. botryoi'des, Auct.

var. pseudobotryoi'des,

Wats

sero'tinum, Huds

[ Linn.'] (excluded)...

stramoniif o'lium, Chev. ...

UR'BICUM, Linn

Mert. & Koch

Sm

var. interme'diuni,

Koch

vir'ide, Curt

Linn

VULVA'RIA, Linn

CREBLE'BIA

sedoi'des, Linn

Cherle'rie gazonnante (Fr.)

Cherry, Bird

Dwarf

Wild

Chervil, Common

Garden

Rough

Wild

1186

1185

1186
1194
-1197
1197
1197

1197
1191

1193
1194

1194

1194
1191
1189
1187

240

413
412
411
622
623
625
624
1290

Chestnut, Sweet

Chevrefeuille des bois (Fr.)

haies (Fr.)

ja rd i7is (Fr. )

Chick weed, Berry-bearing 198

Broad-leaved Alpine 224

Mouse-
ear 221

Common 229

Curtis's Mouse-ear 219

Dark Green Mouse-
ear 218

Field 225

Hairy Alpine 223

leaved Willow-herb 505

Little Mouse-ear ... 220

Narrow-leaved

Mouse-ear 222

Sand 251

Three-styled Alpine 226

Umbelliferous

Jagged 216

Upright 217

Water...., 227

259

Winter-green 1139

11 viii.

11 viii.

11 viii.

19 viii.

20 viii.
22 viii.
22 viii.

22 viii.

15 viii.

38 viii.

17 viii.

18 viii.

19 viii.
19 viii.

19 viii.

15 viii.

14 viii.

12 viii.

108 ii.

109 ii.
124 iii.
123 iii.
120 iii.

166 iv.

167 iv.
169 iv.

168 iv.
159 viii.

207 iv.

208 iv.
206 iv.

55 ii.

8S ii.

85 ii.
95 ii.

80 ii.

79 ii.

89 ii.

86 ii.

21 iv.

81 ii.

84 ii.

126 ii.

91 ii.

76 ii.

77 ii.

92 ii.
137 ii.
142 vii.

FLATE PAGE VOL.

Chickweed, Wood 228 93 ii.

Chicore'e sauvage (Fr.) 123 v.

Chiendent dactyle (Fr.) 9 xi.

ChildingPink 196 52 ii.

Chives, Garden 1537 216 ix.

Greater 1538 216 ix.

CHILOCHLO'A

arena'ria, P. de B 1709 34 xi.

Boh'meri, P. de B 1708 33 xi.

CHIBO'NIA

Centau'rium, Curt 909 67 vi.

littora'lis, Sm 908, 908 (bis) 66 vi.

pulchel'la, Swartz 910, 910 (bis) 68 vi.

CHLO'EA

PERFOLIA'TA, Linn. ... 913 72 vi.

Chlore perfolie'e (Fr.) 72 vi.

CHLO'EIS

[compres'sa, IVees] (excluded) 203 xi.

Choin noirdtre (Fr.) 43 x.

Chou a feuilles rudes (Fr.) 136 i.

des champs (F r.) , 135 i.

Navet (Fr.) 134 i.

potager (Fr.) 130 i.

Christdom (Ger.) 220 ii.

Chrysantheme des bles (Fr.) 40 v.

grande Marguerite

(Fr.) 42 v.

inodore (Fr.) 47 v.

Matricaire (Fr.) 43 v.

CHEYSANTH'EMUM

CHAMOMIL'LA, E. Mey. 719 48 v.

INODO'RUM, C. H. Schultz

717 & 718 46 v.
var. marit'imum, Pers. 718 46 v.

LEUCAN'THEMUM, Linn.

714 41 v.

[macrophyl'lum, W. & K.]

(excluded) 216 v.

PARTHENTUM, Pers.... 715 43 v.

SEG'ETUM, Linn 713 40 v.

TANACE'TUM, Syme ... 716 44 v.

CUB YSOCO'MA

Linosy'ris, Linn 777 112 v.

Chrysocome a feuilles de Lin (Fr.) 112 v .

CHRYSOSPLE'NIUM

ALTERNIFO'LIUM, Linn.

564 85 iv.

OPPOSITIFO'LIUM, Linn.

563 84 iv.

GIIBYSU'BUS

echina'tus, P. de B 1777 134 xi.

Cicely, Sweet 626 170 iv.

CICEN'DIA

Candol'lii, Griseb 911 70 vi.

FILIFOR'MIS, Delarb. ... 912 71 vi.

Least 911 70 vi.

PUSIL'LA, Griseb 911 70 vi.

Slender 912 71 vi.

IXDEX.

245

IV.

iv.
iv.

111.
iii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

CICER'BITA

alpi'na, Wallr 809

mura'lis, Wallr 808

CICHORIUM

IXTYBUS, Linn 786

CICUTA

YIRO'SA, Linn 571

Cicutaire ve'ne'iieuse (Fr.)

Cigue commune ou tachee (Fr.)

CINERARIA

campes'tris, Retz 760

integrifo'lia, "With 760

pahis'tris, Linn 759

Cinquefoil, Alpine Yellow 429

Creeping 432

Hoary 435

Marsh 437

Shrubby 436

Spring 428

Strawberry-flowered 434

CIRCEA

ALPI'NA, Linn 512

intermedia, Elirh

LUTETIA'NA, Linn 511

Circle commune (Fr.)

Circe'e des Alpes (Fr.)

Cirse afeuilles variables (Fr.)

des marais (Fr.)

des pres, on, a Angleterre

(Fr.)

la ineux (Fr.)

lance'ole (Fr.)

nain (Fr.)

tuherent (Fr.)

CIR'SIUM

acau'le, All 692 & 692 (bis)

An'glicum, Lam 690

arven'se, Scop 693 & 694

lulbo'sum, DC 689

erioph'orum, Scop 687

heterophyl'lum, All 691

lanceola'tum, Koch GS6

nemora'le. Reich

pcdus'tre, Scop 68S

seto'sum, M. Bieb 694

Cistenhlumiger Steinbrech (Ger.)

CIS'TUS

gutta'tus, Linn 165

Helian'themum, Linn 168

[ledifr/lius, Linn.] (ex-

cluded)

marifo'lius, Smith 167

polifo'lius, Linn 169

tomento'sus, Scop 168

Cladie marisque (Fr.)

CLA'DIUM

German 'icuni, Schrad 1580

MARIS'CUS, R.Br 1580

Clandestine ecailleuse (Fr.)

YOL. XII.

152

150

122

97

97

174

89

89

89
145
149
152
153
152
145
151

29
29
28
29
30
16
13

15
12
11
17
14

16
14
17
13
11
15
10
11
12
IS
73

7
10

235

9

11

10

45

44

44

190

PLATE PAGE

Clary, Meadow 1058 45

Small-flowered 1057 44

Wild English 1056 43

CLAYTO'NIA

PERFOLIA'TA, Don 260 137

Perfoliate 260 138

Cleavers 658 226

CLEMATIS

VITAL'BA, Linn L 2

Cle'matite blanche (Fr.) 3

Clinopode (Fr.) 32

CLINOPO'DIUM

vulga're, Linn 1047 31

Cloudberry 440 158

Clove Fink 194 49

Clover, Alsike 361 54

Cow 318 41

Crimson 352 45

Dodder 929 9:5

Dutch 362 55

Meadow 348 41

Red 347 39

"White 362 55

Yellow 337 25

Clubmoss, Common 1833 16

Fir 1830 12

Interrupted 1S32 15

Lesser Alpine 1829 10

Marsh 1831 14

Savin-leaved 1S34 17

Club-rush, Bristle-like 1594 60

Chocolate-headed ... 15S9 55

Floating 1592 58

Least 1591 56

Link's 15S7 53

Many-stemmed 1588 54

Marsh 15S6 52

Rjund-headed 1595 62

Savi's 1593 59

Scaly-stemmed 1590 56

. Sea 1601 69

Slender 1585 51

Wood 1602 70

Cluster Pine 1381 271

CNI'CUS

acau'lis, Willd.. ..692 & 692 (bis) 16

arven'sis, Hoffin 693 & 694 17

erioph'orus, "Wild 687 11

Forstefri, Sin 695 19

heterophyl'lus, Willd 691 15

lanceola'tus, Willd 686 10

palus'tris, WilW 688 12

prdten'sis, Willd 690 14

tubero'ms, Willd 689 13

CNI'DIUM

Srta'^, Spreng 604 139

COCHLEA' RI A

alpi'na, Watson 131 1S6

K

VOL.

vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
iii.

ill.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

x.

x.

2-46

ENGLISH BOTANY.

184
137

105

PLATE PAGE VOL.

COCHLEA'RIA.

AN'GLICA, Linn 133 187

ABMOBA'CIA, Idrm. ... 129 183

coron'opus, Linn 160 221

da'nica, Linn 132 186

Dra'ba, Linn 158 218

groenlan'dica, Sin 131 186

officinalis, Linn 130 185

var. o, Hook. & Arn. 130 185

var. cdpi'na, Bab 131 186

var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 132 186

POLVMOKTHA, Byrne

130-132

Cock's-foot-gras?, Rough 1778

CCELOGLOSSUM

vir'ide, Hartm 1462

COL'CHICUM

AUTUMNA'LE, Linn.

1544 & 1545

Colchique d'automne (Fr.)

Coleseed 88

Wild 89

Colewort, Sea 87

COLLO'MIA

[grandiflo'ra, Dougl~] (excluded)

225

is.

225

ix.

134

i.

135

i.

130

i.

83

vi

116

V

118

V

119

V

61

i

153

iii

153

iii

116

vii

117

vii

Coltsfoot, Common 7S0

Sweet-scented 781

White 782

Columbine, Common 46

Comaret dea marais (Fr.)

COM' AHUM

pahis'tre, linn 437

Comfrey, Common 1115 & 1116

Tuberous 1H7

CONFER'VA

[nidif'ica, Midler] (ex-

cluded; 191 xiL

CONIUM

MACULA'TOI, Linn. ... 629 173 iv

CONOPODIUM

denuda'tum, Koch 5S4 113 iv.

CONBIN'GIA

orienta'lis, Reich 101

thalia'na, Reich 115

Consoude officinale (Fr.) 116

t ulxfre me (Fr.) 117

CONVALLA'EIA

bifo'lia, linn 1510

MAIA'LIS, Linn 1514

muitiflo'ra, Linn 1513

Polygona'tum, Linn 1512

vertieilla'ta, Linn 1511

CONVOL'VULUS

ABVEN'SIS, Linn 923

SBTIUM, Linn 924

SOLDANEL'LA, Linn.... 925

Convolvulus 923-925

148

l.

163

i.

116

vii.

117

vii.

175

ix

180

ix

177

ix

178

ix.

176

ix.

85
86
87

TLATE PAGE

CONY'ZA

squarro'sa, Linn 767 99

Coral Peony 50 69

Root, Common 1487 133

Spurge 1259 105

Coralline de Hailer (Fr.) 133

CORALLORKETZA

INNA'TA, Br 14S7 132

Coral wort, Bulbiferous 107 157

Cord-grass, Many-spiked 1688 6

Twin-spiked 1687 5

COB EOF SIS

Bi'dens, Linn 763 93

Coriander, Common 632 179

Coriandre cultive' (Fr.) 179

CORIAN'DRUM

SATTVUM,Linn 632 178

Corn Bedstraw, Hi=pid-fruifed 657 225

Bough 659 227

Chamomile 721 & 722 52

Cockle 215 74

Crowfoot 38 46

Gromwell H02 97

Horsetail 1889 152

Marigold 713 40

Mint 1038-1040 21

Mustard 83 124

Parsley 577 105

Poppy 58 88

Rose 58 88

Snapd-agon 954 132

Sow-thistlj 813 155

Bpnmy 252 128

var. jB 253 128

Woundwort 1072 60

Cornel, Dwarf 634 186

Corn-flower 709 34

Gornifle submerge' QH:.") 124

Corni'sh Bladler-seed 630 176

Heath 892 42

Moneywort 1499 148

Cornouillier (Fr.) 1S6

CornouiUer sanguin (Fr.) 187

COR'XUS

SANGUIN'EA, Linn 635 186

SUE'CICA, Linn 634 186

COEONA'BIA

Flos-cucu'li, Brann 212 71

CORONIL'LA

va'ria. Linn, (excluded) 113

COBO'NOPUS

did'yma, Sm 159 220

Buel'lii, Gaert 160 221

CORRIGI'OLA

LITTOEA'LIS, Linn. ...1170 177

COBVISAB'TIA

HeU'nium, Merat 766 97

CORYDALIS

CLAVICULA'TA, DC. ... 70 103

v-

i.

ix.

viii.

ix.

l.

xi.

xi.

V.

iv.
iv.

iv.
v.

ii.

i.
vii.
xii.

v.

vii.

i.

INDEX.

247

PLATE PAGE

CORYD'ALIS

digita'ta, Pera OS 101

LU'TEA, DC 09 102

SOL'IDA, Hool; 6S 101

Corydalis 69 103

Solid-rooted 68 102

hvrilb -<(Fr.) 104

jaune (Ft-) 103

taberetsse (Ft.) 102

COEYLUS

AYELLA'XA, Linn 1292 170 viii.

Corynephore llanehdtre (Fr.) 62 xi.

COEYNEPH'OEUS

e AXES'CEXS, P. de B. 1729 02 xi.

COTONEASTEB

YULGA'EIS, Lindl 477 233 iii.

Common 477 234 iii.

Cotonnier commnn (Fr.) | 68 v

en AJene (Fr.) 72 v.

Cottun-grass, Alpine 1603 71 x.

Common, var. a 1605 74 x.

var. 7 ... 1006 74 x.

Downy-Stalked ... 160S 70 x.

Hare's-tdl 1004 72 x.

Slender 1607 75 x.

Cotton- weed, Seaside 725 55 v.

COTYLEDON

lu'tea, Huds. (excluded) 63

UMBILI'CUS, Linn 539 62

CotyWoti Ombilic (Fr.) 03

Couch-grass, Common 1810 178

Decumbent S>_a ... 1812 183 xi.

Erect Sea 1S11 181 xi.

Sand 1813 184 xi.

Wood 1S09 177 xi.

Cmidrier noisetier (Fr.) 171 viii.

Low Clover 348 41 iii.

Cress 156 217 i.

Parsley 024 16S iv.

Parsnip, Common 613 154 iv.

Cowslip ' 1130 134 vii.

Oxlip 1133 137 vii.

Cow-wheat, Common 10.H-1003 ISO vi.

Crested 1000 184 vi.

Field 1001 1S4 vi.

Wood 1005 187 vi.

Crab-apple 489 255 iii.

CBAC'CA

ma'jor, Frank 3S5 87 iii.

mi' nor, Kiv 382 S4 iii.

Crack Willow 1306 207 viii.

CKAM'BE

MAIUT'DIA, Linn SO 119

Crambt (Fr.) 118

maritime (Fr.) 11'.)

Cran de Bretagne (Fr.) 1S3

Cranberry, American (excluded

species) 54

iv.

iv.
iv.
xi.

TLATE PACE 1

Cranberry, Marsh 870 21

Crane's-bill, Bloody 293 192

Blue Meadow 297 196

Duskv 294 193

Jagged-leaved 302 201

Knotty 295 194

Long-ltalked 303 202

Mountain 298 197

Kound-leaved 301 200

Shining 3(14 203

Small-tiowered 300 199

Soft 299 198

Wood 296 195

Crayon (Fr.) 182

de Bretagnt - (Fr.) 183

officinal (Ft.) 185

CEAT/E'GUS

JV/a, Linn, (in part) 4S2 243

Linn, (in part) 483 244

var. a. Scun'dica, Linn.

484 245

var. £. Sue'cica, Linn. 484 245

var. 7, Linn 4S5 247

monog'yna, Jaeq 480 237

OXYACANTHA, Linn.

479 & 4S0 236

Jacq 479 236

var. £. mono'qyna,

Bab '. 4S0 237

oxyaeanthoi'des, ThuiU. ... 479 236

torminu'liSjJjhm 4S1 241

Creeping Cintraefoil 332 149

Crowfoot 34 41

Jenny 1144 149

Tormentil 431 148

Crepide a feuilles de Pissenlit

(Fr.) 159

de Sisymbre

(Fr.) 162

bis-annneiie (Fr.) 162

felide (Fv.) 158

)u'ris*e. (Fr.) 100

verte(Fr.) •. 101

CEE'PIS

BIEN'XIS, Linn 819 161

FCETIDA, Linn 815 157

hieracioi'des, Willd 826 162

PALUDO'SA, ffiach...'.*. 821 103

[pul'chra, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 217

SETO'SA.jffoB.^I 817 159

SUCCISIFO'LIA, Tausck. S20 102

TARAXACIFO'LIA,

ThuiU 816 158

hcto'rum, Sm SIS 100

VI'KEXS, Linn 818 160

Cress, Alpine Rock H3 165

American 124 176

Amphit'ious Yellow 128 182

Annual Yellow 127 181

in.
iii.

in.
id.

248

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE

Cress, Bitter 108 158

Bristol Rock 114 166

Common Water 125 178

Common Wall 115 164

Cornfield Penny 144 202

Cow 156 217

Creeping Yellow 126 180

Early Winter 124 176

Field Penny 144 202

Fringed Rock 117 167

Garden 155 152

Green Alpine Penny 148 207

Hairy Rock 116 167

Hairy Wall 116 166

Lesser Wart 159 221

Long-styled Alpine Penny 147 206

Marsh Yellow 127 181

Pendulous-podded Wall 118 169

Perfoliate-leaved Bastard 145 204

Perfoliate Penny 145 204

Shepherd's 150 209

Short-styled Alpine Penny 146 205

Smooth Tower Wall 119 170

Swine's 160 222

Thalius'Wall 115 164

Tower Wall 118 169

Wart 160 222

Winter 120 171

Cresson (Fr.) 176

amphibie (Fr.) 182

d'Amfrique (Fr.) 176

defontaine (Fr.) 178

des maraix (Fr.) 181

officinal (Fr.) ITS

sauvage (Fr.) 180

Crested Cow- wheat 1000 1S4

Dog's tail-grass 1776 134

Hair-grass 1746 89

Shield-fern 1853 70

Grit hme maritime (Fr.) 143

CRITH'MUM

MARITTMUM, Linn. ... 606 142

CKO'CUS

AU'REUS, Sibth 1498 150

[autumna'lis, Sm.J (excluded) ... 155

BIFLO'RUS, Mill 1497 149

Golden 1498 151

lu'teus, Lam 151

min'imus, Hook. & Am. ... 1497 149

multifidus, Lam 1500 154

Naked-flowering 1500 154

NUDIFLO'RTJS, 8m 1500 154

prse'cox, Haw 1497 149

Purple 1419 154

reticula'tus, Sm 1497 149

[sati'vus, Linn.'] (excluded) 155

Scotch 1497 150

specio'sus, Wils 1500 154

VER'NUS, .1/? 1499 153

Cross leaved Bedstraw 646 213

IX.

ix.

ix.

TLATE

Cross-leaved Heath 888 & 889

Crowberry 1251

Crowfoot, Baudot's Water ... 22 & 23
Bulbous-rooted 35

Celandine 39

Celery-leaved 27

Corn 38

Creeping 34

Floating Water 16

Golden-haired 32

Hairy 36

Ivy-leaved Water 26

Lenormand's Water... 25

Rigid-leaved Water... 15

River 16

Small-flowered 37

Three-lobed Water ... 24

Upright Meadow 33

Water 21

Wood 32

Wood Anemone 12

Crow Garlic 1534

CRUCIANELLA

stylo'sa, DC. (excluded)

CRYP'SIS

[aculea'ta, Ait.~] (excluded)

CRYPTOGRAM'ME

CRISTA, R. Brown 1844

CTENOFTEBIS

vulga'ris, Newm 1842

(109

1213

Cuckoo-pint, Common 1392

Italian 1393

Ciccuhale porte-haies (Fr.)

CUCU'BALUS

bac'cifer, G'artn 198

BACCIF'ERUS, Linn 198

Be'hen, Linn 199

ital'icus, Linn 208

Oti'tes, Linn 206

Cudweed, Common 736

Dwarf. 745

Highland 744

Jersey 742

Marsh 741

Narrow-leaved 740

Red-tipped 737

blender 739

Spathulate 738

Upright 743

Curled Dock 1218

Grainlesa 1219

Mint 1028

Pondweed 1413

Cuckoo Flower

Currant, Black 523

Cultivated bed 520

Tasteless Mountain ... 519

Wild Red 521 & 522

PAOE

38,39
94
26
42
49
32
46
41
19
37
44
30
29
17
19
45
28
39
24
37
13
211

233

203

44

3S
159
72
14
16
55

54
54
56
65
63
68
76
75
74
73
72
69
71
70
75
50
51
12
44
45
42
41
45

TOt

vi.

viii.

i.

v.
v.

v.

V.
V.
V.
V.

V.

V.

viii.

viii.

vii.

ix.

INDEX.

249

PLATE PACE

CUSCU'TA

[corymho'sa, Ruiz & Pav.] (ex-

cluded) 93

densiflo'ra, Soy .-Villm 926

EPILI'NUM, Weihe 926

EPITHY'MUM, Murr. ... 928

EUROP^E'A, Murr 927

Linn 927

var. epithy'mum, Linn. 928

var. nef'rens, Fr

Smith, Eng. Bot 928

[Hassi'aca, Pfeiff.'] (excluded)...

ma'jor, DC 927

mi'nor, DO 928

[racemo'sa, Engelm.] (excluded)

\_xuav' eolens, Ser.] (excluded) ...

TRIFO'LII, Bah 929

Cuscute a grandes fleurs (Er.)

a petites fleurs (Fr.)

Strangle lin (Fr.) 89

Tre/Ze(Fr.) 93

89

VI.

89

vi.

91

vi.

90

vi.

90

vi.

91

vi.

90

vi.

91

vi.

93

vi.

90

vi.

91

vi.

93

vi.

93

vi.

92

vi.

91

vi.

92

vi.

140
141
140

93

vi.

3

xi.

102

xii.

102

xii.

104

xii.

104

xii.

10G

xii.

104

xii.

140

vii.

156

vii.

140

vii.

140

vii.

140 vii.

CUSCUTI'NA

[suav'eolens, Pfeiff.] (excluded)

Cut-grass, European 1G8G

CYATH'EA

denta'ta, Smith 1865

frag'ilis, Sin 1864

var. alpi'na, Bab. ... 1866

inci'sa, Sm 1866

monta'na, Sm 1868

reg'ia, Forst 1866

CYCLAMEN

Europx'um, Sm 1136-1138

[ Linn.] (excluded)

ficarixfo'lium, Reich 1138

hederxfo'linm, Reich. 1136, 1137

HEDERlFO'LIUM,TFi7M.

1136-1138

var. ficariifo'lium,

Syme 1138

Ivy-leaved 1136-1138

Neapolita' num, Ten. 1136-1138

Cyclamen a feuilles delierre (Fr.) 141

CY'NODON

DAC'TYLON, Pers 1690 8

Cynoglosse de montagne (Fr.) 120

officinale (Fr.) 119

CYNOGLOS'SUM

OFFICINALE, Linn. ... 1118 118 vii

var. subgla'brum,

Syme 118

MONTA'NUM, Lam 1119 119

sylrat'icum, Hanke 1119 119

Cynosure a crete (Ft.) 134

fc<«Ws«f(Fr.) 135

CYNOSU'RUS

cxru'leus, Linn 1710 36

CRISTA'TUS, Linn 1776 133

vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.

xi.

vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.

vii.

134

xi.

164

X.

41

X.

41

X.

41

X.

109

ii.

108

viii.

55

v.

108

viii.

136

TLATE PAGE VOL.

CYNOSU'RUS

ECHINA'TUS, Linn 1777

Cypergrasahnliche Segge (^Ger.)

CYPE'RUS

FUS'CUS, Linn 1577

LON'GUS, Linn 1578

Brown 1577

Cyphel, Mossy 240

Cypress Spurge 1262

Cypressen Kraut (Ger )

Wdtfsmilch (Ger.)

CYPRIPE'DIUM

CAL'CEOLUS, Linn 1490

CYSTOP'TERIS

Allio'ni, Newm 1868

alpi'na, Desv 1866 & 1867

Link 1866

denta'ta part), Bab 1867

Dickiea'na, R. Sim 1867

eu-frag'ilis, Syme... 1864 & 1865

FRAG'ILIS, Bemh. 1864-1867

var. denta'ta, Hook. 1865

var. Dickiea'na, Milde

1864 & 1865
var. Dickiea'na, Moore 1867

MONTA'NA, Bemh 1868

myrrhidifo'lia, Newm 1868

reg'ia, Presl 1866

CYT'ISUS

scopa'rius, Link 329

106

xii.

103

Xll.

104

xii.

104

xii.

104

xii.

101

xii.

101

xii.

102

xii.

101

xii

104

xii

106

xii

106

xii

104

xii

11

DABOE'CIA

polifo'lia, Don

Dach Hauslach (Ger.)

Dactyle agglomere" (Fr.)

DACTYLIS

cynosuroi'des, Linn.

parte)

filifor'mis. R61

GLOMERA'TA, Linn.

hispan'ica, Linn

stric'fa, Soland

Daffodil, Common

Short-crowned

885

(ex

1687
1691

Daisy

Damask Violets ,

BAMASO'NWM

stella turn, Pers -...

Dame's Violet

Dandelion

Danewort

DANTHO'NIA

decum'bens, DC

strigo'sa, P. de B

Dcurfhome de'combante (Fr.).

DAPHNE

LAURE'OLA, Linn. .

MEZE'REUM, Linn. ,

33

61
137

4

10

1778 136

137

1687 4

1501 159

1502 161
772 105
103 151

1442 74

103 151

802 144

638 201

1745
1740

IV.

xi.

xi.

xi.
ix.
ix.

1247
1246

87

77
87

86
84

xi.
xi.

Till.

viii.

250

ENGLISH BOTANY.

Daphne bois gent ii (Ft.) 85

laiir&ie (Fr.)

PLATE PAGE VOL.

viii.

viii.

xi.

87
188

Darnel, Common 1S16 & 1817

DATURA

BTKAMCNTDM, Linn.... 935 103 vi.

var. Tat'ula, Syme 103 vi.

Tat'ula, Linn 103 vi.

DAU'CUS

CABu'TA, Linn. ... G15 & 616 156

Caro'ta, Sm 615 157

var. gum'iuifer, Syme 616 157

gum'mifer, Lam 616 157

marif imas, With 616 157

Dauphindle (Fr.) Co L

fZes champs (Fr.) 61 i.

DaraFsche Segge (Ger.) 80 x.

Deadly Nightshade 930-934 j^} vi.

Dead-nettle, Cut-leaved 1083

Henbit 1081

Intermediate 1082

Eed 1084

Spotted 10S5

White 1086

72

VII.

70

vii.

71

Vll.

73

vii.

74

vii.

75

vii.

DELPHINIUM

A JA'CIS, Beieh 47a C2

CONSOL'IDA, Linn 47b 63

eansol'ida, Auet. Angl 47a 62

eansol'ida, var. pubesfeens,

Lowe 47a 62 i.

Deltabhimige Xelke (Ger.) 47 ii.

DENTA'BIA

bulbifera, Auct. Plur 107 156 i.

Deptford Pink 191 46 ii.

DESCHAMFSIA

aZj»'na,B. &S 1731 65 xi.

casspito'sa, P. de B 1730 204(64) xi.

dis' color, Crep 1733 68 xi.

flexuo'sa, Trin 1732 67 xi.

TftittHteVt,Gren.&Godr.... 1733 68 xi.

Deschampsie flexutuse (Fr.) 67 xi.

Deutsche Lonitzere (Ger.) 207 iv.

MtspeJ (Ger.) 235 iii.

D'utsches SchimmeUcraut (Ger.) 68 v.

Deutsche Schneide (Ger.) 45 x.

Deutscher Ziest (Ger.) 57 vii.

Devale 934 102 vi.

Devil's-bit Scabious 677 250 iv.

Dewberry 456 197 iii.

DEYFI'XIA

neglec'ta, Kunth ... 1725 & 1726 55 xi.

DIAX'THUS

AEME'EIA, Linn 191 45 ii.

CjE'SIUS, Linn 193 48 ii.

CABYOPHYI/LTJS,iinn. 194 49 ii.

DELTOrDES, Linn 192 46 ii.

var. glau'cus, Syme 46 ii.

ijliu'crts, Linn 46 ii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

DIAX'THUS

PLUMATtlUS, Linn 195 50 ii.

PEO'LIFEB, Linn 196 51 ii.

DICHODON

cerastoi'des, Reich 226 90 ii.

DICHOS'TFLIS

jZu'i&uu, Beaav 1592 57 x.

Dichtblattriges SamJaraut (Ger.) 45 ix.

Dickblattrige Sdlzmiere (Ger.) 107 ii.

DickvmrzeUge Walhcurz ^Ger.) 117 vii.

DIERVIL'LA

[canadensis, WiBcL] (ex-

cluded) 210 iv.

Digitals rougeatre (Fr.) 1-7 vi,

DIGITA'LIS

PUEPU'EEA, Linn 952 127 vi

DIGIT ARIA

[eilia'ris, P. de £.] (ex-

cluded) 19S xi

glan>ra,U.&S 1691 10 xi

HUMIFU'SA. Pers 1691 10 xi

[sanguina'lis, P. de B.~] (excluded) 198 xi

DI'GRAPHIS

AEUNDINA'CEA, Trin. 1697 19 xi

DIOTIS

candidis'sima, Desf 725 55 v

MAEIT'DIA, Cass 7.'5 55 v

Diplotaxe a/euilies memoes (Fr.) = . 140 i

des murs (Fr.) 141 i

DLTLOTAX'IS

mura'lis, DC

tenuifolia, DC

vi'minea, DC

DIP'SACUS

FULLO'NUM, Mill

PILtySUS, Limn

SYLYESTEIS, Linn

syhes'tris, var Benth

DISCHA'SIUM

parallelogra'mum, A. E-raun

putrutis'simum, A. Braun

IHstelartige Flochenblunv: (Ger.)

Dock, Bloody-veined

Broad-leaved

94

140

93

139

95

142

675
676
674
675

-Curled

-Fiddle

— Golden

-- GraraLesB Curled.

— Great Water ....

— Hartman's

— Meadow

— Sharp

--Yellow Marsh....

Dodder, Clover ,

Flax ...

Great...

Lesser .

Thvmc

1211

1215

1218

1214

1212

1219

1220

1217

1216

1210

1213

929

926

927

928

92S

247

248
245
247

60
60
37
42
47
50
45
43
51
52
49
48
41
44
93
89
91
92
92

xn.
xii.

v.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

vi.

INDEX.

251

TLATE

Dog-rose, Columnar-styled 475

Common 474

Dog Violet, Dillenius's 175

GeraraVs 173

■ Haller's 177

Reiehenbach's 174

Sand 174 (bis)

Smith's 176

Dog's-Mereury, Animal 1269 & 1270

Peivnnial 12G8

tail-grass, Crested 1774

Rough 1777

— -tooth-grass, Creeping ... 1690

PAGE VOL.

231 iii.

226

99

in.
ii.

Dogwood. Common 635

Bold snbluthige Schwanenblume

(Ger.)

• Spurre (Ger.)

Doldiges Eabichtskraut (Ger.)

Doppehaine Ger.)

Dorine a /turtles alternes (Fr.)

opposees (Fr.) ...

Dornige Hauhechel (Ger.)

DOEONICUM

PARDALIAX'CHES,

Linn 761

PLAXTAGIS'EOI. Linn. 762

Dorouie a feuHles de Plantain

(Fr.)!

en etfiir (Fr.) ...

Dusttnbldttriger Schoteniceiderich

(Ger.)

DEA'BA

AIZOI'DES, Linn 138

brachycar'pa, Jord. (Fig. 2) 134

confu'sa, Ehrh

eu-ver'na, Syme... (Fig. 1) 134

hir'ta, Sm 137

DJCA'NA, Linn 136

infla'ta, Watson ... (Fig. 3) 134

MURATiLS, Linn 135

precox, Reich. ... (Fig. 2) 134

RUPES'TRIS, B. Brown 137

YER'XA, Linn 134

Reich (Fig. 1) 134

£, Koch (Fig. 2) 134

£, Hook. & Arn.

(Fig. 3) 134

Draw (Ft)

Uanchdtre (Fr.)

des mars (Ft.)

des rockers (Fr.)

printaniere (Fr.)

20 ii.
23 ii.

21 ii.
236 ii.

22 ii.
117 viii.
115 viii.

134 xi.

135 si.
9 xi.

137 iv.

76 ix

76 ii.

204 v.

140 i.

S5 iv.

84 iv.

16 iii.

91

92

92
91

Brt iblattriger Biber (Ger.)

Ehrenpreis (Ger.)

WoUgras (Ger.)...

Dreifarbiges VeUehen (Ger.)

Dreifingeriger Steinbrech (Ger.)
Dre ifu rch ige 1 1 ' tsst rlinse (Ger.)

Breihbrniges Labkraut

Breinetvige Saudkraut (Ger.) ...

v.

v.

21 iv.

194
190
193
1S9
193
192
191
191
190
193
189
1S9
190

191
1SS
193
192
194
189
79
154

ID

17
227
101

TLATE PAGE

Dreispalti/je Binse (Ger.) 14

Breithettiger Wasser-dost (Ger.) 95

Drooping Ash 59

Star of Bethlehem ... 1523 195

Dropwort 416 129

Callous-fruited Water- 594 126

Common Water- 593 125

Fine-leaved Water- ... 598 131

Hemlock Water- 597 129

Parsley Water- 596 128

River Water- 599 132

Sulphurwort Water-... 595 127

DROS'ERA

AXG'LICA, Hud* 1S3 32

INTERME'DIA, Heyn.... 184 33

longifolia, " Linn.," AucL

Plur 183 32

"Linn.,' Smith 1S4 83

obova'ta, Mert 32

EOTtrNDIFOXIA, Linn. 1S2 30

rot undifo'lio-ang'lica, Syme 33

Drusenhaarige Fetthenne (Ger.) 51

Dnjade a liuit pttales (Fr.) 202

DRY'AS

depres'sa, Bab 201

OCTOPET ALA, Z7/!n. ... 460 201

var. depres'sa, Syme 201

DRYOFTEBIS

abbreviate:, Xewin 61

api'ais, Xewm 59

Bor'reri, Xewm 60

Fi'lix-mas.Schott 1850 57

Duckling Vetch 404 109

Duckweed, Gibbous 1396 23

Greater 1397 24

Ivy-leaved 1394 17

Lesser 1395 22

Rootless 1398 25

Dunkelgriiner Schoteniceiderich

(Ger.) 18

Diinnbldttriger Lein (Ger.) 184

Durchlochertes Hartlieu, or Jo-

hannis Kraut (Ger.) 149

Durchwachsender Bitterling (Ger.) ... 72

Fitifchicachsendes Samkraid (Ger.) ... 43

Dutch Clover 362 55

Rush 1894 162

Duval's Simse (Ger.) 65

Dwale 934 102

Dwarf Adder's-tongue 1836 22

Birch 1297 188

Cherrv 412 123

Cornel 634 1S6

Cudweed 745 76

Elder 638 201

Furze 325 7

Grasswrack 1431 62

Mallow 2S2 169

Meadow-L'rass 1759 111

iv.

iii.

m.
iii.

xn.
xii.
xii.
xii.

vi.
xii.

viii.
iii.
iv.

252

ENGLISH BOTANY.

TLATE

Dwarf Spunre 1266

Thistle 692

Willow 1356-1362

Dyers' Green Weed 328

— Weed HI

Woad 161

deB. 1602 12 xi.

628 172 iv.

Early Hair-grass 1735

Purple Orchis 1155

Sand-grass 16S9

Spider Orchis, var. a 1169

Winter Cress 121

Earth-nut, Common 581

Great 583

Earth-Smoke, Common 76

Eampant 71

Ebenstraussige Vogelmilch (Ger.)

Eberesche (Ger.)

ECHIXOCHLO'A

CEUS-GAL'LI, P

ECHLXOPH'OEA

SPLNO'SA, Linn.

ECHLNOSPER'MILU

defiex'uru, Lehm. (excluded) ...

Lap'pula, Lehm. (excluded) ...

E'CHIOI

Ital'ieum, Auct. Angl

PLANTAGIN'EUAI, Linn.

1096

viola'eeum. Koch 1096

VULGA'EE, Linn 1095

Edelminze (Ger.)

Ectte Garhe (Ger.)

Eglantine 468

Egopode des goutteux (Ft.)

Eiblattriger Frauenflachs (Ger.)

Eichhornschioanz-Sch wingel (Ger.)

Eichtrose (Ger.)

Einh'dJziges Ried (Ger.)

Einbldttriges Zweihbrft (Ger.)

Einbliithiges Perlgras (Ger.)

Wintergriin (Ger.)

Einfache Ingrfskolbe (Ger.)

Eingeschnittene Taubnersd (Ger.)

Eimjricachsene Korallenwurz (Ger.)..,

Einjahriger Know I (Ger.)

Z«V*f (Ger.)

Einjdhriges BingeUrraut ((ier.)

ffispengras (Ger.)

PAGE

112
17

248

10

5

223

72
98
8
112
176
111
113
111
108
196
248

VOL.

viii.

IX.

xi.

122
121

Til.

vii.

89 vii.

EinknoUige Bugicurz (Ger.)

Eisenhut(GexS)

ELATTXE

HEXAN'DRA, DC 262

HYDKOPI'PER, Linn.... 263

var. 0, Linn 262

paludo'sa, Scub 262

ScAfeurta'nu, Drev.&Hayne 263

trip'f ala, Sm 26:i

Elatine a six eiamines (Er.)

89
89

88
16,20

58
210
109
136
113

69

53
121

91

52
7

72
133
1S2

61
117
112
110

65

111
112
111
111
112
111
141

VLl.

vii.
vii.
vii.

v.

iii.

iv.

vi.

xi.
i.
x.

ix.

si.

vi.

ix.
vii.

ix.
vii.

vii.
viii.

xi.

PIATT. PACE VOL.

Elatine Poirre cTccm (Fr.) 142 ii.

Elder, Common 637 200 iv.

Dwarf 638 201 iv.

E mpane 766 9S v.

ELEOCHARIS.

See Hellocharis.
ELEOGITON.

See Heleogitox.
ELEUSI'NE

[In'dica, Garfn.] (excluded) 203 xi.

Eller (Ger.) 1™ vii'-

Elm, Broad-leaved 12-7 142 viii.

Common, var. a 1285 138 viii.

Common, var. 7 1286 139 viii.

ELO'DRA

CANADENSIS, Mich. ... 1446 81 ix.

ELODES

fakuftris, Spach 276 159 ii.

Elsbeere (Ger.) 212 iii.

Elymed' Europe (Fr.) 191 xi.

EL'YMUS

AEEXA'REUS.L 1819 190 xi.

carinas, L 1S09 176 xi.

Evropafus,l 1820 192 xi.

[genicula'tus, Curt.'] (excluded) 202 xi.

ELY'NA

carici'na. Mert. & Koch ... 1609 77 x.

EMPETKUM

NTGBTJM, Linn 1251 93 viii.

Enchanters Nightshade. Alpine 512 30 iv.

Common 511 29 iv.

END YM' ION

Mmscritftus, Garcke 1528 200 ix.

nu'tans, Du Mort 1528 200 ix.

ENGEL1IANNIA

[sttOB'eofefw.PfeJffi] (excluded)... 93 vi.

Englische Kratzdistd (Ger) 15 v-

Englischer Bonnenthau, (Fr.) 33 ii.

EngUsches Habiehtskraut (Ger.) 181 v.

Baygra* (Ger.) 186 xi.

Engriffeleger Wei&sdom (Ger.) 23S iii.

ENODIUM

atro-vi'rens, Dum 90 xi.

caru'leum, Dum 1747 90 xi.

Gaud 1717 90 xi.

Entferntahrige Segge (Ger.) 97, 150 x.

Euerviere a feuiUes de Pre'nanthe

(Fr.) 211 v.

d' Orange (Fr.) 167 v.

des murs (Fr.) 192 v.

embras&ante (Fr.) 1<9 v.

en OmheUe (Fr.) 204 v.

PiloseUe (Ft.) 166 v.

vetue (Ft.) 181 v.

Epheu Sommtricurz (Ger.) 199 vi.

Epheublattrige Wahlehbergie (Ger.) ... 19 vi.

Epheublattriger Ehrenprei* (Ger.) 150 vi.

Frauznjiachs (Ger.)... 131 vi.

INDEX.

258

PLATE PAGE

Epiaire annuelle (Fr.) 61

d'AUemagne (Ger.) 57

(bs hois (Ft.) 60

des champs (Ft.) 55,60

■ des marais (Fr.) 57

EpUdbe a feuiUea de Bomarin

(Fr.) 7

apetMesfleurs(Fi.) 12

de montagne (Fr.) 13

des marais') (Fr.) 19

enepi(¥t.) 10

he'risse (Ft.) 11

obscur (Fr.) IS

Llose(Fr.) 15

• te'tragone (Fr.) 17

EPILOBIOI

adna'tum, Griseb 502

ALITXOI. Linn 507

, — Koch 506

var. Hook. & Am 506

ALSIXIFO'LIUM. Vm... 505

AXAGALLIDIFO'LIUM,

Lam 506

angustifo'li urn, height 496 8

AXGUSTIFO'LIUM. Linn.

495 & 496 7

Lam 494 7

var. a, Hook. & Am. 496 8

var. j3, Hook. & Am. 405 8

var. braehycar'pum,

496 8

var. macrocar'pum,

Syme 495 8

august is'simum, Bertol 494 7

braehycar'pum, Lei*kt 496 8

coUinum, Gmel 13

Dodonx'i, Till 494 7

HIRSU'TDM, Linn 497

Lam'yi, F. Schnltz

LANCEOLA'TUMLfl

Maur. 500

ligula'tum, Baker

macrocar'pum, Steph 495

MONTA'NUM, Linn 499

OBSCU'BUM, Sehreb 503

origanifo1ium,Lsaa 505

PALTJS'TBE, Linn 504

FAKYIFLO'EOI. Sehreb. 498

rivuhi're, Wahl

RCSEUM, Sehreb 501

ro'seum, var. Bentk 500

ROSMARIXIFO'LIUM,

Hancke 494

spica'tum, Lam 495 & 496

0. la'tum, Ser 496

srjlvat'icurn, Boreau 499

TETEAGO'XDLIfHH... 502

var. Bentk 503

virga'tum, Gr. & Godr 503

VOL. XII.'

VOL.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

16 iv.

22 iv.

21 iv.

21 iv.

19 iv.

21 iv.

iv.
iv.

10

iv.

17

iv.

14

iv.

19

iv.

8

iv.

12

iv.

17

iv.

19

iv.

IS

iv.

11

iv.

12

iv.

15

iv.

14

iv.

7

iv.

7,8

iv.

8

iv.

13

iv.

16

iv.

17

iv.

17

iv.

O

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EPntETHUM

- — ALLTXUM, Linn 52

Epine vinette (Ft.)

EPIPAC'TIS

■ atroru'bens. Sehultes 1481

ensifo'lia, Sw 14S4

grandiflo'ra, Sw 1485

HELLEBOEI'XE, Crantz.

1479-1481

var. rubigino'sa,

Crautz 1481

var. var' tans, Reich... 1479

var. vir'idans, Cr. ... 14S0

latifo'lia. All 1480

Bentk 1479-1481

var. a, Hook. & Am. 14S0

var. &Sm 1481

longifo'lia, Schmidt 1482

, " „ . fl479

media. Jfrtes )

1,1481

var. purpura'ta, Syme

■ var. vir'idis, Syme

ovei'lis, Bab 14S1

paVhns. Witld 1485

PAIiUSTBIS, Cranfa 1482

purpura'ta, Sin

■ rubigino'sa, Koch 1481

ru'bra, Swartz 1483

viridiflo'ra,Tlofim 1479

■ xiphophyl'Ia, Sw 1484

Epipactis a larges fewiUes (Fr.)

blanc de neige (Fr.)

blanc-jaundtre (Ft.)

des marais (Ft.)

rouge (Fr.)

EPIPO'GIUJL

See Eplpogum.

Epipogium. Leafless I486

Epipogon sans/euiUes (Fr.)

EPIPO'GUM

APHYL'LOI. Sir I486

GntJi'ni.Tdch I486

EQUISE'TUM

amphibo'lium, Beta 1890

ARYEX'SE. Linn 18S9

var. alpes'tre, Wahl

var. campes'tre,

SchuUz

var. sero'tinum, F. W.

Mey

Drummoud' it, iJook 1890

ebur'neum, Sehreb 1888

Ehrhar'ti, Meyer 1890

elonga'tum. Hook 1896

eu-hyemale, Syme 1894

fluviaPile, Linn 1S93

Sm 1S88

hvema'le, A. Braun 1894

125

IX.

128

ix.

129

ix.

123

ix.

125

ix.

123

ix.

124

ix.

124

ix.

123

ix.

124

ix.

125

ix.

126

ix.

123

ix.

125

ix.

123

ix.

123

ix.

125

ix.

129

ix.

126

ix.

123

ix.

125

ix.

127

ix.

123

ix.

128

ix.

125

ix.

129

ix.

130

ix.

127

ix.

128

ix.

131

ix.

131

ix.

131

ix.

131

ix.

154

xii.

152

xii.

153

xii.

153 xii.

153 xii.

154 xii.
150 xii.
154 xii.
166 xii.
162 xii.
159\ ..
160/ sn-
150 xii
1»J2 xii.

2 L

254

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EQUISETUM

HYEMA'LE, Linn. 1894 & 1895 161 xii.

Neicm 1S94 162 xii.

var. Mackaii, Newm. 1896 166 xii.

var. Moor'ei, Hook. &

Am 1895 164 xii.

var. Schleicheri, Milde 1895 164 xii.

limo'sum, Linn 1893 160 xii.

LIMO'SUM, Smith 1893 159 xii.

var. Linnsea'num,

Doll 1S93 160 xii.

var. verticillatum,

Doll 1893 160 xii.

Macka'ii, Newm 1896 166 xii.

MAXIMUM, Lam 1888 150 xii.

var. sero'tinum, A.

Br 151 xii.

Moor'ei, Newm 1S95 164 xii.

palea'ceum, "Schleicher,

e.p." 1895 164 xii.

PALUS'TRE, Linn 1S92 157 xii.

var. alpi'num, Hook 15S xii.

var. nu'd urn, Newm 158 xii.

var. polysta'chyum,

Till 158 xii.

var. subnu'dum, Long.

Cat 158 xii.

PRATEN'SE, Ehrh 1890 154 xii.

ramo'sum, Benth 1896 166 xii.

[ Schleicher'] (ex- ,

eluded) 172 xii.

SYLVAT'ICUM, Linn. ... 1891 156 xii.

var. mi'nus, Wahl. ... 1890 154 xii.

TelmebeVa, Ehrh 1888 150 xii.

TRACHY'ODON, A.

Broun 1896 166 xii.

Rdbenh 1895 164 xii.

umbro'sum, Meyer 1S90 154 xii.

V APiIEGA'T 0 M , Sch I ich .

1897 & 1898 168 xii.
var. arena rin in,

Newm 1897 169 xii.

var. ma'jus, Syme 169 xii.

var. pseu'do-elonga'-

tum, Milde 171 xii.

var. trachi/odon,

Hook 1896 166 xii.

var. "Wilso'ni, Newm. 1898 169 xii.

Erable commun (Fr.) 233 ii.

Sycomore (Fr.) 231 ii.

EBAGEOS'TIS

[Poseoi'des, P. de B.~] (ex-

cluded) 201 xi.

ERAN'THIS

HYEMA'LIS, Salkb 43 55 i.

Eranthis d'hiver (Ft.) 56 i.

Erdbeeh Klee (Ger.) 59 iii.

Erdbi erbliittriger Ganserich (Ger.) 144 iii.

PLATE TAGE

Erdnuss (Ger.) <

EEI'CA

cxru'lea, Willd 886

car 'una. var. Benth 892

CILLVBIS, Linn 887

CINE'REA, Linn 891

Uabrje'ci, Sm 885

Daboe'cii, Linn 885

eu-Tet'ralix, Syme 889

HTBEE'NICA, Syme 892

Maekaia'na, Bab 890

Macka'ii, Hook 890

mediterra'nea, Bab 892

£. hiber'nica, Hook. S92

Tetral'ici-cilia'ris, Syme ... 888

TET'RALIX, Linn... SS8 & 889

Sm 889

var. Benth 890

VA'GANS, Linn 893

vulga'ris, Linn 894

Waiso'ni, Benth 888

EEIGEEON

A'CRIS, Linn 774

alpi'num, Sm 775

ALPPNUS, Linn 775

CANADENSIS, Linn. ... 773

sero'tinus, Reich

uniflo'rum, Linn

uniflo'rum, Sm 775

EBINOS'MA

ver'num, Herb 1506

EEIOCAU'LON

decangula're, With 1546

peUu'ddum, Mich 1546

SEPTANGULA'RE,

With 1546

EEIOPH'OEUM

ALPI'NUM, Linn 1603

ANGUSTIFO'LIUM,

Both 1605 & 1606

— Sm 1605

var. ela'tius, Koch

var. mi'nus, Bab 1606

[capita'tum, Hi>st.~\ (excluded)...

GKACTLE, Koch 1607

Sm 1606

LATIFO'LIUM, Eoppe... 1608

polysta'chium, Linn. 1605 & 1606

Sm 160S

pubes'cens, Sm 160S

[Scheuch'zeri, Hoppe] (excluded)

trique'trum, Hoppe 1607

• ■ YAGINATUM, Linn 1604

Erodie a feuilles de Cigue (Fr.)

maritime (Fr.)

musque'e (Fr.)

EEO'DIUM

CICUTA'RIUM, L'Htrit. 307 206

106
114

34
42
36

40
33
33
37
42
38
3S
42
42
39
37
37
38
41
43
39

108
109
109
107
109
110
109

165

2

9

VOL.

iii.
iv.

70

73

X

73

X

73

X

73

X.

174

X

74

X

73

X

75

X

u

75

174

74

71

207

209

20S

INDEX.

255

PLATE PAGE VOL.

ERO'DIUM

cieuta'rium, var. ckmro-

phyl'lum, DC.

206

n.

var. vulga'tum, Syme

307

206

ii.

207

u.

MABIT'IMUM, Sm

309

209

ii.

MOSCHA'TUM, L'Herit.

308

208

ii.

207

11.

EBOPE'ILA

189

l

189
189

i.

131

i.

189

l.

vulga'ris, DC (Fig. 1)

134

189

l.

84

in.

EBUCAS'TBUM

86

129

l.

EB'VUM

384

86

in.

382

84

iii.

383

85

iii.

ERYN'GIUM

CAMPES'TRE, Linn. ...

570

95

IV.

MARITTMUM, Linn. ...

5G9

94

IV.

570

96

IV.

ERYSIMUM

100

146

1.

120

171

1.

CHEIRANTHOI'DES,

102
9fi

149
143

ORIENTA'LE, R. Brown.

101

148

101

148

124

175

ERYTHR^VA

august if u'lia, Wallr.

908, 908

(bis)

GG

VI.

CENTAU'RIUM, Pers. ...

909

66

vi.

chloo'des, Gr. & Godr.

908, 908 (bis)

66

VI.

LATIFO'LIA, Sm

907

65

VI.

linarifo'lia, Griseb. 908, 908 (bis)

66

VI

LITTORA'LIS, Fries

908, 908

(his)

66

VI.

PULCHEL'LA, Fries

910, 910 (bis)

68

VI.

ramosis'sima, Pers.

910, 910 (bis)

68

VI.

Erytlire'e a grandes feuilles (Fr.)

66

VI.

68

VI.

69

VI.

Esels Distel (Ger.)

Elliuse petite Cigue (Fr.) ..
EUFBA'GIA

■ visco'sa, Bentk

Euf raise officinale (Fr.) ..

EUONYMUS

EUROP^'US, Linn.

994

3
133

176
172

317 224

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EUON'YMUS

europa/us, var. macro-

phyl'lus, Schleich 225 ii.

Enpatoire a feuilles de Chanvre

(Fr.) 121 v.

EUPATO'RIUM

CANNABPNUM, Linn. 785 121 v.

Eupliorbe a larges feuilles (Fr.) 101 viii.

a petites fleurs (Fr.) 102 viii.

corail (Fr.) 105 viii.

de Portland (Fr.) Ill viii.

des bois (Fr.) 106 viii.

— des sahles (Fr.) 99 viii.

■ des vignes (Fr.) Ill viii.

epurge (Fr.) 113 viii.

eSule (Fr.) 107 viii.

fluet (Fr.) 112 viii.

maritime (Fr.) 109 viii.

petit Cypres (Fr.) 108 viii.

■ — — - — poilu (Fr.) 104 viii.

r e'veille-mati n (Fr.) 100 viii.

EUPHOR'BIA

AMYGDALOFDES, Linn.

1260 105 viii.

[Chara'cias, Linn.'] (excluded) 117 viii.

■ (JORALLOFDES, Linn. 1259 104 viii.

CYPARIS'SIAS, Linn. ... 1262 107 viii.

[dul'cis, Linn.'] (excluded) 117 viii.

E'sula, Bor 1261 107 viii.

E'SULA, Linn 1261 100 viii.

var. pseudocyparis'-

sias, Syme 107 viii.

■ EXIG'UA, Linn 1266 111 viii.

HELIOSCO'PIA, Linn. 1254 99 viii.

HIBER'NA, Linn 1257 102 viii.

LATH'YRIS, Linn 1267 113 viii.

palus'tris, Bab 1258 103 viii.

PARA'LIAS, Linn 1263 109 viii.

PEP'LIS, Linn 1253 98 viii.

[peploi'des, Gouan] (excluded) 117 viii.

PEP'LUS, Linn 1265 111 viii.

PILO'SA, Linn 1258 103 viii.

var. a, Honk 1259 104 viii.

PLATYPHYL'LA, Linn. 1255 100 viii.

var. ,8, Hook. & Am. 1256 101 viii.

PORTLAN'DICA, Linn. 1264 110 viii.

proce'ra, var. trichicar'pa,

Koch 1259 104 viii.

P se it! do-cy pans' sias, Jord 107 viii.

retu'sa, DC 112 viii.

ru'bra, DC. 112 viii.

[salicifo'lia, Hist.] (ex-

cluded) 117 viii.

segcta'lis, var. Benth 1264 110 viii.

STRIC'TA, Koch 1256 101 viii.

Sm 1255 100 viii.

stjlrat'ica,Ja.cq 1260 105 viii.

EUPHRASIA

graces, Fries 992 171 vi.

256

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EUPHRASIA

Odontites, Linn 993

Koch 993

OFFICINALIS, Linn.

991 & 992

Fries 991

var. grac'ilis, Syme... 992

sero'tina, Lam 993

Eupkrasie 991 & 992

EU'PTEBIS

aquili'na, Newrn 1886

Europdischer Gaspendorn (Ger.)

Hasehvurz (Ger.)

■ Liebenstern (Ger . )

Sanikel (Ger.)

Europdiselies Pfafferikappch&n (Ger.). . .
Evening Primrose, Common ... 508

Sweet-scented 509

Evergreen Alkanet 1113

Everlasting, Mountain, var. a... 747

var. 0... 748

■ Orpine 526

Pea, Broad-leaved 403

Narrow-leaved 402

Pearly 746

EX'ACUM

filifor'me, Sm 912

Eyebrigkt, Common 991 & 992

Gennauder 986

Fadenbldttriges Samkraut (Ger.)

Fadenformige Binse (Ger.)

Segge (Ger.)

FadenfSrmiger Diinnschwanz (Ger.)...
Kite (Ger.)

FAGOPTBUM

emden'twm, Munch 1226

FA'GUS

Casta! nea, Linn 1290

SYLVAT1CA, Linn 1291

FALCAT'ULA

Falso-trifo'lium,Brot 345

Farber Ginst (Ger.)

Hunds-Kamille (Ger.)

Scliarte (Ger.)

Waid (Ger.)

■ -Wait, (Ger.)

Faulbaum Pulverholz (Ger.)

Faux Aizoon (Fr.)

FE'DIA

Auridida, Gaud 671

ca/rina'ta, Stev 670

denta'ta, Vahl 672

erioca/r'pa, Reich 673

olito'ria, Vahl 669

Feigi riblattrigt r Gansefuss (Ger.)

Feindlicher Haftdolde (Ger.)

Feines Ilascnohrchen (Ger.)

vm.
vii.

IV.

iv.
vii.

174
174

171
171
171
174
171

145

5

90

142
93

225
24
26

112
79
79
49

108

107
77

71
171
165

54 ix.

27 x.

161 x.

189 xi.

04 iii.

59 viii.

159 viii.

164 viii.

34 iii.

10 iii.

53 v.

29 v.

223 i.

5 ii.

229 ii.

195 i.

241
241

243
244
240
16
163
122

iv.
iv.
iv.
viii.
iv.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Feld Ahorn (Ger.) 233 ii.

Baldgreis (Ger.) 90 v.

Beifuss (Ger.) 65 v.

Calaminthe (Ger.) 33 vii-

Elirenpreis (Ger.) 156 vi.

Genziane (Ger.) 77,78 vi.

Hauhechel (Ger.) 18 iii.

Kratzdistel (Ger.) 19 v.

Loivenmaid (Ger.) 132 vi.

Mdnncrtreu (Ger.) 96 iv.

Pfefferhraut (Ger.) 217 i.

PfennigJcraut (Ger.) 203 i.

Quendel (Ger.) 26 vii.

Bittersporn (Ger.) 64 i.

.Rose (Ger.) 232 iii.

Saudistel (Ger.) 155 v.

Sinau (Ger.) 137 ii'.

Sperk, or Spark (Ger.) 128 ii.

Ulme (Ger.) 142 viii.

Wachtekoeizen (Ger.) 184 vi.

Zkst (Ger.) 55,60 vii.

Feldminze (Ger.) 23 vii.

Feld ulme (Ger.) 139 viii.

Felsen Brombeere (Ger.) 160 iii.

Gdnserich (Ger.) 151 iii.

Labkraut (Ger.) 219 iv.

Sagine (Ger.) 122 ii.

Segge (Ger.) 82 x.

Felwort 914-919 76 vi.

Fenchelsamige Pferdesaat (Ger.) 131 iv.

Fennel, Common 601 134 iv.

leaved Pondweed 1422 54 ix.

Marsh Hog's 610 150 iv.

Sea Hog's 609 149 iv.

Fenouil officinal (Fr.) 134 iv.

Fenugreek 345 35 iii.

Fern, Alpine Bladder 1867 104 xii.

Alpine Holly 1859 90 xii.

Beech 1847 50 xii.

Bennett's Shield 1856 80 xii.

Bracken 1886 145 xii.

Brake 1886 145 xii.

Bristle 1S39 35 xii.

Brittle Bladder 1865 102 xii.

Broad Shield 1857 82 xii.

Common Scale 1883 139 xii.

Crested Shield 1853 70 xii.

- Female Buckler 1848 52 xii.

Flexile Lady 115 xii.

Flowering 1838 32 xii.

Hard Holly I860 92 xii.

— — Hart's-tongue 1884 141 xii.

Hay-scented 1S58 87 xii.

Hind 1885 143 xii.

Lady 1S69 108 xii.

Alpine 1870 113 xii.

Dwarf Alpine 1871 112 xii.

Limestone 1846 48 xii.

Lloyd's Shield 1854 73 xii.

Male 1850 57 xii.

INDEX.

257

PLATE PAGE

Fern, Male Shield 1850 57

Marsh 1848 52

Mountain 1849 54

Bladder 186S 106

Narrow Shield 1855 76

Oak 1S45 46

Parsley 1S44 44

Remote Shield 1852 67

Rigid Shield 1851 65

Royal 1838 32

Smith's 1S46 48

Soft Holly 1861 95

Tunbridge Filmy 1840 35

Wilson's Filmy .; 1841 36

Fescue-grass, Ambiguous 1780 140

Barren 1782 143

Creeping 1786 148

Hard 1785 147

Meadow ...1791 & 1792 154

Mouse-tail 17S1 142

Sheep's... 1783 & 1784 144

Single-glumed ... 1779 139

Tall 1789 & 1790 151

Wood ... 1787 & 1788 149

FESTU'CA

ambig'ua, Le GaM 1780 140

arena'ria, Osbeck 1786 147

arundina'cea, Auct. 1789 & 1790 150

Schreb 1790 151

bromoi'des, Crep 1779 138

Sm 1782 142

var. a, Hook. &

Am 1782 142

var. j3, Hook. & Am. 1781 141

cseru'lea, DC 1747 90

cse'sia, Sm 147

calama'ria, Sm. ... 1787 & 1788 148

crista'ta, Poll 1746 88

decid'ua, Sm 1788 149

decum'bens, Linn 1745 87

dis'tans, Kunth 1755 104

durius'cula, Reich 144

Linn 1785 145

ELA'TIOR, Linn. 1789 & 1790 150

da'tior, Koch 1791 153

Sm 1789 151

var. arundinacea,

Syme 1790 151

flu'itans, Linn 1752 & 1753 96

gigante'a, Sm 1793 155

. Vill 1793 & 1794 155

glau'ca, Lam 144

lolia'cea, Huds 1792 153

MYU'ROS, Linn. ... 1780-1782 139

Poll 1781 141

var. ambig'ua, Hook.

fil 1780 140

OVI'NA, Linn. ... 1783 & 1784 143

Hook, fil 1783 & 1784 143

Sibth 1783 144

VOL.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xi.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xi.

xi.

xi.
xi.

xi.
xi.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

FESTU'CA

ovina, var. a. Hook. & 143,'l .

Am 1783, 1784 & 1786 147i

var. durius'cida,

Hook. & Am 1785 145 xi.

var. glau'ca, Koch 144 xi.

var. ma'jor, Syme 144 xi.

var. ru'bra, Hook. &

Arn 1786 147 xi.

tenuifo'lia. Syme (ovina

vivipara, on plate) 1784 144 xi.
pinna' ta, Huds 1808 175 xi.

PRATEN'SIS, Hook.

1791 & 1792 152 xi.

Huds 1791 153 xi.

var. lolia'cea, Syme... 1792 153 xi.

procum'bens, Kunth 1757 107 xi.

Pseu'do-myu'ros, Soy-Will. 1781 141 xi.

Pseu'do-myu'ros, var. Lloyd 1780 140 xi.

rig'ida, Kunth 1758 108 xi.

rottbollioi'des, Kunth 1759 110 xi.

ru'bra, Gren. & Godr 1785 145 xi.

RU'BRA, Linn. ... 1785 & 1786 145 xi.

Sm 1786 147 xi.

var. a, Bab 1785 145 xi.

var. arena'ria, Hook.

&Arn 1786 147 xi.

sabulic'ola, L. Duf 1786 147 xi.

sciuroi'des, Bot h 1782 142 xi.

syhalfica, Huds 1807 173 xi.

SYLVAT'ICA,m 1787 & 1788 148 xi.

var. decid'ua, Syme... 1788 149 xi.

tenuifo'lia, Sibth 1784 144 xi.

thalas'sica, Kunth 1754 102 xi.

triflo'ra, Sm 1794 156 xi.

UNIGLU'MIS, Sol 1779 138 xi.

var. 0, Bromf. 17S0 140 xi.

Fe'tuque des brebis (Fr.) 145 xi.

dubois(Fr.) 150 xi.

dure (Fr.) 147 xi.

e lanc€e (Fr.) 156 xi.

deve'e (Fr.) 151 xi.

fausse queue de rat (Fr.) 142 xi.

queue d'e'cureuil (Fr.) 143 xi.

rouge (Fr.) 148 xi.

uniglume (Fr.) 139 xi.

Feuer-Lilie (Ger.) 187 ix.

Feverfew, Common 715 43 v.

FICA'BIA

ambig'ua, Boreau 39 48 i.

calthiefo'lia, Reich 48 i.

ranunculoi'des, Monch 39 47 i.

Reich 39 48 i.

Ficaire renonculoide (Fr.) 49 i.

Fiddle Dock 1214 45 viii.

Fig-leaved Goosefoot 1191 16 viii.

Figwort 39 49 i.

Balm-leaved 950 125 vi.

Knotty-rooted 949 124 vi.

Yellow 951 126 vi.

258

ENGLISH BOTANY

PLATE PAGE VOL.

FILA'GO

APICULA'TA, G.E.Sm. 737 6S v.

eanetfcens, Jord 736 67 v.

GAL'LICA. Linn 740 71 v.

GEEMAN'ICA, Linn 736 67 v.

var. a, Hook, & Am.... 736 67 v.

var. a. httes'cens, Gr.

&Godr 737 6S v.

var. 0, Hook. 6: Am. 737 68 v.

var. 0. canes'cens, Gr.

&Godr 736 67 v.

var. spathula'ta, DC. 738 69 v.

Jusn&'i, Coss. & Germ. ... 738 69 v.

lutedcens, Jord 737 68 v.

MIN'IMA. Fries 739 70 v.

monta'na, DC 739 70 v.

SPATHULA'TA, Presl ... 738 69 v.

Filmy Fern, Tunbridge 1840 35 xii.

Wilson's 1841 36 xii.

FOzfrSehUge Segge (Ger.) 131 x.

FOzigeBose(Ger.) 209 iii.

FirC'lubmoss 1830 12 xii.

Scotch 1380 265 viii.

Flachs Seide (Ger.) S9 vi.

Flachsstengeliges Samkraut (Ger.) 46 ix.

Flatterige Binse (Ger.) 21 x.

Flax, Common 292 1S5 ii.

Dodder 926 80 vi.

Narrow-leaved 291 1S4 ii.

■ Perennial 290 183 ii.

Purging 2S9 181 ii.

Seed 288 ISO ii.

Fleabane, Alpine 775 110 v.

Blue 574 109 v.

Canadian 773 108 v.

Greater 770 103 v.

Lesser 771 104 v.

Flea Sedge 1612 81 x.

Fleawort, Field 760 90 v.

Marsh 759 S9 v.

Fleischfarbiges Knabenkraut (Ger.) ... 100 ix.

Fle'ole des Alpes (Fr.) 31 xi.

des pre* (Fr.) 33 xi.

FUegenShnliehe Frauenthrane (Ger.)... 115 ix.

Fliegenartige Hosumrz (Ger.) 103 ix.

FlixWeed 98 145 i.

Jflohscunige Segge (Ger.) SI x.

Floun odor' i nt': (Fr.) IS xi.

Flowering Fern 1838 32 xii.

Rush 1443 76 ix.

Willow 933 99 vi.

Fluellin, Round-leaved 957 136 vi.

Sharp-leaved 956 135 vi.

Flug- or Wind-Hafer (Ger.) SO xi.

Fhtss-Ampfer (Ger.) 52 viii.

Fluteav e'toile'(Fi.) 75 ix.

nageant (Fr.) 74 ix.

Plantain tEeau (Fr.) 71 ix.

renoncle (Fr.) 73 ix.

Fluthende Schicaden (Ger.) 98 xi.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Fluthende Simse (Ger.) 58 x.

FLUVIA'LIS

jtee'tffe, Peru 1432 63 ix.

Fly Honeysuckle, Upright 643 20S iv.

Orchis 1471 115 ix.

FCENICTJLTJM

officinale, Al\ 601 133 iv.

VULGATBE, Gart 601 133 iv.

Fohre (Ger.) 265 viii.

Fool's Parsley, Common 600 133 iv.

Forget-me-not, Alpine 1106 103 vii.

Creeping Water 1105 102 vii.

Dwarf 1109 107 vii.

Field 1108 106 vii.

Great Water 1104 100 vii.

Tufted Water ... 1103 98 vii.

Wood 1107 104 vii.

Yellow and Blue 1110 108 vii.

Forster*8 Marbel (Ger.) 5 x.

Foxglove, or Folksglove 952 127 vi.

Fox-tail Chara 1909 193 xii.

grass, Alpine 1704 30 xi.

Bent-stemmed... 1701 26 xi.

Meadow 1703 28 xi.

Orange-anthered 170) 24 xi.

Slender 1699 23 xi.

Tuberous 1702 27 xi.

FEAGAEIA

ELA'TIOR, Ehrh 439 156 iii.

mag'na, Thuill 439 156 iii.

moscha'ta, Duch 439 156 iii.

sfer'ilis. Linn 427 143 iii.

VES'GA, Linn 438 154 iii.

Fragile Chara 1920 & 1921 213 xii.

Fragon piquant (Fr.) 185 ix.

Fragrant Agrimony 418 131 iii.

Orchis 1460 103 ix.

Fraisier commun (Fr.) 155 iii.

e'hve' (Fr.) 156 iii.

FBAN'GULA

Al'nus. Miller 319 228 ii.

FEAXKEXIA

[pulverulen'ta, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 43 ii.

I,mrVJS, Linn 190 42 ii.

Franhe'ni- Lis*'- (Fr.) 43 ii.

Fr Schimmelkraut (Ger.)'... 72 v.

Frauenschuh (Ger.) 136 is.

FEAXIXUS

EXCEL'SIOR, Linn 902 56 vi.

heterophyha, Willd 903 56 vi.

7 ■ der Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 157 vi.

French Sorrel 1222 54 viii.

-Willow, Rosemary-leaved 494 7 iv.

Wild ...... 495 & 496 10 iv.

Frene e'leieiYr.) 57 vi.

FEITILLAEIA

MELEA'GRIS, Linn. ... 1519 1SS ix.

Fritillaire meleagre (Fr.) 189 ix.

INDEX.

259

PLATE PAGE VOL.

F miliary, Common 1519 ISO ix.

Frog-Bit 14-14 79 ix.

Orchis 1462 105 ix.

Froscheppich (Ger.) 32 i.

Frvhlings-AMne (Ger.) 110 ii.

Brdumourz (Ger.) 126 vi.

Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 155 vi.

Genziane (Ger.) 74 vi.

Knotenbhime (Ger.) 166 ix.

So/ran (Fr.) 154 ix.

Wasserstern (Ger.) 119 viii.

Friihzeitige Segge (Ger.) 130 x.

ifVwftzeiiiger .Hd/er (Ger.) 72 xi.

Furhxbraune Segge (Ger.) 92 x.

Fuller's Herb 197 53 ii.

FUMA'KIA

agra'ria, Mitt 73 107 i.

Bastar'di, Boreau 73 107 i.

Bor»'i, Jord 72 106 i.

bulbo'sa y, Liun 6S 101 i.

calyci'na, Bab 75 109 i.

CAPREOLA'TA, Linn. 71-74 104 i.

Leighton 74 10S i.

0. Leigltto'nii, Bah.... 72 106 i.

7. me'dia, Bab 73 107 i.

clavicula'ta, Linn 70 103 i.

eonfu'sa, Jord 73 107 i.

densiflo'ra, DC 75 109 i.

leuoan'tha, Viv 78 114 i.

lu'tea,IAmi 69 102 i.

me'dia, Bast 73 107 i.

Loisel Ill i.

MECRAN'THA, Lag 75 109 i.

mura'lis, Boreau 72 106 i.

Sonder 74 108 i.

officinalis, Bentb 72-78 115 i.

OFFICINALIS, Linn, ... 76 110 i.

pallidiflo'ra, Jord 71 105 i.

var. a. Jorda'ni, Bab. 71 105 i.

var. 0. Boraii, Bab. ... 72 106 i.

parviflo'ra, Lamarck 78 114 i.

ad'ida,Sm 68 101 i.

specio'sa, Lloyd 71 105 i.

TENUISEC'TA, Syme 77 & 78 113 i.

Vaillan'tii, Lois 77 113 i.

partly B .b. (E. B. S.) 7S 114 i.

Wirtge'ni, Koch Ill i-

Fumeterre a pediceUes recourbes

(Fr.) 108 i.

a petites Jleurs (Fr.) 115 i.

de VaiUant (Ft.) 114 i.

officinale (Ft.) Ill i-

Fumitory, Bastard's Bampant ... 73 107 i.

Boreau's Rampant ... 72 106 i.

Climbing White 70 104 i.

Close-flowered 75 110 i.

Common 76 111 i.

Lamarck's Small-
flowered 7S 115 i.

Le Vaillant's 77 114 i.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Fumitory, Rampant 74 108 i.

Small-flowered 77 114 i.

Solid Bulbous 6S 102 i.

Yellow 69 103 i.

Fiinfmannige Weide (Ger.) 203 viii.

Fiinfmanniges Homhraut (Ger.) SI ii.

Furze, Common 323 5 iii.

Dwarf 325 7 iii.

Needle 326 8 iii.

Planchon's 321 7 iii.

Fusain d' Europe (Fr.) 225 ii.

Gaertn (Ger.) 24S iii.

GA'GEA

LU'TEA, Ker 1522 193 ix.

Gage'e grisatre (Fr.) 194 ix.

Gaillet a trots cornes (Ft.) 227 iv.

frZanc(Fr.) 218 iv..

bore'al (Fr.) 213 iv.

croisette (Ft.) 214 iv.

de Piemont (Fr.) 220 iv.

des Anglais (Fr.) 221 iv.

des marais (Fr.) 222 iv.

des rochers (Fr.) 219 iv.

dress<f(Fr.) 217 iv.

fangeuz (Fr.) 223 iv.

Gratoron (Fr.) 226 iv.

jaune (Fy.) 215 iv.

sauvage (Fr.) 221 iv.

GALAN'THUS

NIVA'LIS, Linn 1507 167 ix.

GALATEL'LA

Linosy'ris, Reich, ffl 777 112 v.

GALEOB'DOLON

lu'teum, Huds 1087 76 vii.

Reich 77 vii.

monta'num, Reich 10S7 77 vii.

Gale'ope des champs (Fr.) 63 vii.

douteuse (Fr.) 65 vii.

tetrahite (Fr.) 67 vii.

GALEOP'SIS

angustifo'lia, Llirh 1074 62 vii.

Reich. 62 vii.

var. canes'cens, Syme 63 vii.

arvat'ica, Jord 63 vii.

bifida, Bonn 1079 67 vii.

ca nes'cens, Schultz 63 vii.

— — eannabi'na, "Willd 1077 65 vii.

du'bia, Leers 1076 64 vii.

eu-Tet'rahit, Syme 1078 & 1079 66 vii.

Galeob'dolon, Linn 1087 76 vii.

interme'dia, Fill 1075 63 vii.

Lad'anum, Auct. AngL ... 1074 62 vii.

Guss 1075 63 vii.

LAD'ANUJI, Li'isn. 1074 & 1075 62 vii.

OCHROLEU'CA, Lam. 1076 64 vii.

specio'sa, Mill 1077 65 vii.

260

ENGLISH BOTANY.

vn.
vii.

vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.

vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

GALEOP'SIS

Tet rahit, Auct. plur.

1078 & 1079 66

Koch 107S 66

TET'EAHIT, Linn. 1077-1079 65

var. bifida, Syme ... 1079 67

var. grandiflo'ra,

Benth 1077 65

versic'olor, Curt 1077 65

rilh/sa, Tluds 1076 64

Galingale 1578 42

GALIXSO'GA

PAEVIFLO'RA, Cav. ... 765 96

Small-flowered 765 96

GAXIUM

ANG'LICUM, Suds 656 223

. APAEI'XE, Linn 658 225

var. a, Koch 658 225

var. VaiUaritii, Koch 657 224

■ arista'twm, Sm 649 (bis) 217

BOREA'LE, Linn 646 212

cine'reum , Sm 648 (bis) 215

commuta'tum, Bab. ? 220

[commuta'tum, Jord.] (ex-

cluded) 232

crucia'ta, Scop C47 213

CRUCIA'TUM, With 647 213

decoh'rans, Gr. & Godr 214

DIFFU'SOI. Hook. 648 (bis) 215

ela'tum, ThuiU 650 218

var. Bake'ri, Syme 218

var. insu'bricum,

Gaud 21S

elonga'tum,~Pieal 653 221

erec'tum, Euds. 649 & 649 (bis) 217

var. arista'twm, Bab.

64S (bis) 215

var. arista'tum, Bab.

649 (Mr)

Hercy'nicum, Weig 651

Ix've, ThuiU 652

lu'cidum, Koch 649

MOLLU'GO, Linn.

649, 649 (his) & 650
Huds 650

monta'num. Till 652

PALUS'TEE, Linn. 653 & 654

Presl

Sm. Eng. Bot 653

var. elouga'tum, Syme 653

var. Witherin'gii,

Syme 654 222

Parisien'se, var. ang'licum,

Linn 656 223

. var. leiocar'pum,

Tausch 656 223

var. nu'dum, Gr. &

Godr 656 223 iv.

pusil'lum,Sm 652 219 iv.

217

iv.

219

iv.

220

iv.

217

iv.

216

iv.

218

iv

220

iv

221

iv

222

iv

221

iv

221

iv

PLATE PAGE VOL.

GA'LIOI

[saeehara'tum. All.'] (ex-

cluded) 232 iv.

SAXAT'ILE. Linn 651 219 iv.

[spu'rium, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 232 iv.

— var. YaiUan'tii, Bab. 657 224 iv.

BTLVES'TBE, PoU 652 219 iv.

Till 220 iv.

var. monta'num, Till. 652 220 iv.

var. nitid'ulum, ThuiU. ... 220 iv.

TEICOE'NE. With 659 226 iv.

ULIGINO'SUM. Linn. ... 655 222 iv.

var. Benth 654 222 iv.

VAILLAN'TII,DC. 657 224 iv.

[verruco'sum, Sm.] (ex-

cluded) 232 iv.

VErBUM, Linn 648 214 iv.

var. lu'teum, Syme ... 648 214 iv.

var. oehroleu'cum,

Syme 214 iv.

Withering'ii, Sm 654 222 iv.

Gants de noire Dame (Fr.) 61 i.

Ganzekraut (Ger.) 163 i.

Garance etrangere (Fr.) 212 iv.

Garbe (Ger.) 57 v.

GarUc, Crow 1534 211 ix.

Field 1535 & 1536 214 ix.

Hedge Mustard 100 147 i.

Eouncl-headed 1533 209 ix.

Triquetrous 1539 21S ix.

Garten Taubenkropf (Ger.) 62 ii.

Wolfsmilch (Ger.) 99,111 viii.

Gartenkresse (Ger.) 215 i.

Gartenmdhn (Ger.) 84 i.

GASTEID'IUM

austra'le, P. de B 1711 37 xi.

LENDIG'ERUM, Gaud. 1711 37 xi.

GauchheiTblattriger Schotenweide-

rich (Ger.)' 22 iv.

Gauklerblume (Ger.) 146 vi.

Gean 411 120 iii.

■<fe Esparsette (Ger.) S2 iii.

Gebauter Koriander (Ger.) 179 iv.

Leindotter (Ger.) 200 i.

Gebirgs-Ampfer (Ger.) 53 viii.

Bartschia (Ger.) 177 vi.

Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 159 vi.

Fetthenne (Ger.) 51 iv.

Hexenkraut (Gtr.) 30 iv.

Johannisbeere (Ger.) 41 iv.

Mikhlattieh (Ger.) 152 v.

-Bispengras (Ger.) 115 xi.

Sinau (Ger.) 141 iii.

Wollgras (Ger.) 71 x.

Gebirgslische (Ger.) 31

Gebr'ducldiche Boretsch (Ger.) 113

Brunnenkresse (Ger.)... 178

Calaminthe (Ger.) 36

Engelwurz (Ger.) 147

xi.
vii.

INDEX.

261

PLATE PAGE

Gehrduchliche Hundzunge (Ger.) 119

Klette (Ger.) 24

Loffelkraut (Ger.) 185

Melisse (Ger.) 38

Xeunkraft (Ger.) 120

Ochsenzunge (Ger.) 110

Richblume (Ger.) HI

Wattwurz (Ger.) 116

Gebrauchlicher Augentrost (Ger.) 172

Baldrian {Ger.) 237

Z7?;-< npreis (Ger.) .
Eibisrh (Ger.) ... .
Fenchel (Ger.) ... .
Haarstrang (Ger.).
Himmelschliissel
(Ger.)

vu.

V.

vii.
vi.
iv.
vi.

164
103
134
149 iv.

134 vii.

Steinklee (Ger.) 30,32 iii.

vii.
vi.
vii.
ii.
x.
xi.
vii.

Steinsame (Ger.) 96

Gtbrtiuehh'ches Eisenhraut (Ger.) 202

Lungenkraut (Ger.) ... 93

Sei If 'enkraut (Ger.) 53

Gefingerte Segge (Ger.) 123

Gefingerter Hundszahn (Ger.) 9

Gefleckte Tanbnessel (Ger.) 74

Gefleckter Aron (Ger.) 14 ix.

Hachelkopf (Ger.) 130 v.

Schierling (Ger.) 174 iv.

Gefleektes Knabenkraut (Ger.) 102 ix.

Gegenblattriger Steinbrech (Ger.) 65 iv.

Gegenblattriges Milzkraut (Ger.) 84 iv.

Geglattete Segge (Ger.) 147 x.

Gegliederte Binse (Ger.) 32 x.

Gehornte ScJtollkraut (Ger.) 98 i.

Gehornter Sauerklee (Ger.) 214 ii.

Geissblatt (Ger.) 206 iv.

Gekieltes Rapiinzchen (Ger.) 241 iv.

Geknaulte Bime (Ger.) 20 x.

Geknieter Fuchsschiranz (Ger.) 26 xi.

Gelappte Melde (Ger.) 36 viii.

GelblMttriger Augentrost (Ger.) 176 vi.

Gelbblumiger Giimel (Ger.) 80 vii.

Gelbe Hornmohn (Ger.) 98 l.

,%3e(Ger.) 160 x.

Teichrose (Ger.) 79 i.

JJ7cfce (Ger.) 94 iii.

Gelber Goldstem (Ger.) 194 ix.

Traa(Ger.) 3 ii.

Gelblich Weisser Daun (Ger.) 65 vii.

Gelbliehwasses Ruhrkraut (Ger.) 74 v.

Gelbnelke (Ger.) 154 i.

Gemeine Bachburgel (Ger.) 5

BarenkJau (Ger.) 154

Barentra ube (Ger.) 28

5irAe (Ger.) 183

Brunelle (Ger.) 47

Eberwurz (Ger.) 22

.E*e(Ger.) 2

Erdbeere (Ger.) 155

Erdrauch (Ger.) HI

£We(Ger.) 179

VOL. XII.

iv.
iv.
vi.
viii.
vii.

v.

8 viii.

in.

PLATE PAGE

Gemeine Feldkresse (Ger.) 222

Flockenblume (Ger.) 31

Gemsicurz (Ger.) 91

Genziane (Ger.) 74

Goldruthe (Ger.) 114

Grasnelke (Ger.) 158

IZa/n or TFe/ss Buclie

(Ger.) 177

Hasel (Ger.) 171

BTeide (Ger.) 44

Heidelbeere (Ger.) 25

iu-ebs (Ger.) 3

Kreuzblume (Ger.) 37

Lirhtnelke (Ger.) 67

Lonitzere (Ger.) 208

Araj7,h»ne (Ger.) 181

Mariendistel (Ger.) 5

Meerkohl (Ger.) 119

MSfere (Ger.) 158

Nachtriole (Fr.) 151

Narcisse (Ger.) 159

Nelkemourz (Ger.) 198

Otterhizei (Ger.) 92

Pastinake (Ger.) 152

Perhnelke (Ger.) 72

Petersilie (Ger.) 104

Pflaume (Ger.) 118

Pimpernuss (Ger.) 235

RainkoM (Ger.) 126

Scliachblume (Ger.) 189

Schaumkraut (Ger.) 159

ScMinqe or Schneeball

(Ger.) , 203

Schmeerwurz (Ger.) 171

ScMUkraut (Ger.) 100

Sehuppenwurz (Ger.) 190

Se^e (Ger.) 116

SeWerie (Fr.) 99

Siegwurz (Ger.) 142

SUchapfel (Ger.) 104

Stechpalme (Ger.) 220

Snmpfwurz (Ger.) 127

r<K/e/ir i'cfce (Ger.) 88

PTa c/Jio/cfer (Ger.) 274

• TFef/warfe (Ger.) 123

■ Wolfsmilch (Ger.) 107

Zwergmispel (Ger.) 234

VOL.

i.
v.

V.

vi.
v.

vii.

viii.
viii.

vi.

vi.

vm.
iv.

iv.
iii.

ix.

i.

Gemeiner Amaranth (Ger.) 185

A ndom (Ger.) 51

Apfelbaum (Ger.) 256

Beifuss (Ger.) 63

Birnbaum (Ger.) 252

Daun (Ger.) 67

. Dn*t (Ger.) 30

^pftett (Ger.) 182

Frauenflachs (Ger.) H2

Friedhs (Ger.) 145

FroschMss (Ger.) 79

FroschWel (Ger.) 71

G«geZ(Ger.) 190

ix.
vi.
ii.
ix.

vm.

iii.
vii.

vii.

iii.
v.

iii.

vii.

vii.

iv.

vi.

vii.

2 M

262

ENGLISH BOTAXY

TLATE PAGE VOL.

Gemeiner Gamander (Ger.) 81 vii.

Gdtisefuss (Gar.) 15 viii.

Glinserich (Gear.) 150 iii.

Gersch, or Giersch (Ger.) ... 109 iv.

Hb/er (Ger.) 71 xi.

Han/ (Ger.) 132 viii.

Eartriegel (Ger.) 60 vi.

— Rirtentaschd (Ger.) 212 i.

Hop/en (Ger.) 131 viii.

Horofcfee (Ger.) 66 iii.

Huflattich (Ger.) 116 v.

. Kalmus (Ger.) 11 is.

Kellerhals (Ger.) 85 viii.

Ker6eZ(Ger.) 167 iv.

Knbterich (Ger.) 75 viii.

Kreuzdom (Ger.) 227 ii.

Kiimmel (Ger.) HI iv.

Mark* (Ger.) 9,10 x.

ATatferfcop/ (Ger.) 89 vii.

Odermennig (Ger.) 130 iii.

Sandhalm (Ger.) 52 xi.

Sauerklee (Ger.) 211 ii.

Schammling (Ger.) 117 vi.

Schildtrdger (Ger.) IS vii.

Spargel (Ger.) 183 ix.

■ Steinpeterlein, or Biber-

neUe(Gcr.) 116 iv.

. Strangling (Ger.) 177 vii.

• Tauniredel (Ger.) 31 iv.

Teufelszirirn (Ger.) 99 vi.

Wasserhelm (Ger.) 127 vii.

TPas8ernafeZ (Ger.) 90 iv.

Weiderich (Ger.) 3 iv.

JFie«enftnqp/(Ger.) 132 iii.

Fetsafom (Ger.) 237 iii.

Windhalm (Ger.) 11 xi.

Wolfstrapp (Ger.) 3 vii.

Wundklee (Ger.) 20 iii.

Gemeines Beinheil (Ger.) 222 ix.

J5/«a mfera id (Ger.) 198 iv.

Fettkraut (Ger.) 123 vii.

Flattergras (Ger.) 61 xi.

Flohkraut (Ger.) 101 v.

BiaHcktshraut (Ger.) 166,198 v.

Herzgespaim (Ger.) 6S vii.

■ Hexenkraut (Ger.) 29 iv.

Hornkraut (Ger.) 81 ii.

— Kammgras (Ger.) 131 xi.

Katzenkraat (Ger.) 39 vii.

Knalenkraut (Ger.) 97 ix.

Knaulgras (Ger.) 137 xi.

Labkraut (Gcer.) 218 iv.

OhnbJatt (Ger.) 51 vi.

P/eilkraut (Ger.) 69 ix.

■ Bapiinzchen (Ger.) 210 iv.

. Bispengras (Ger.) 130 xi.

ifo7ir (Ger.) 59 xi.

Buchgrcu (Ger.) 18 xi.

^V(/r/;rauKGer.) 5 viii.

Schneegldckchen (Ger.) 167 ix.

PLATE PAGE

Gemeines Seegras (Ger.) 61

Springkraut (Ger.) 217

Straussgras (Ger.) 50

VogeOeraut (Ger.) 95

Vogelnest (Ger.) 122

Zittergras (Ger.) 131

Gemiise-Lauch (Ger.) 211

Genduelte Glockenblume (Ger.) 8

Gendidter Ampfer (Ger.) *1

Genaultes Hornkraut (Ger.) 83

Genef Anglais (Ft.) 8

des teinturiers (I"r.) 10

0eZ»(Fr.) _9

Genevrier commun (Ft.) 271

GENISTA

ANG'LICA. Lmwj 326 S

PILO'SA, i/nn 327 9

sen pa' ri a, ~Lam 329 11

TINCTCmiA, Linn 328 9

var. gWbra, Syme ... 328 9

var. huniifu'sa, Syme 10

Gentian, Autumnal 917 76

Calathian Violet 911 71

Field 919 78

German 91S 77

Small Alpine 916 75

Spring 915 71

GEXTIA'NA

[AcauTis, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 81

AMAKEL'LA, Linn. 917 & 918 75

OAMPES'TRIS, Linn. ... 919 77

eu-Amarel'la, Syme 917 76

German'ica, Willd 918 76

NIYA'LIS. Linn 916 75

PXEUMOXAN'THE,

Linn 911 73

VEB'NA, Linn 915 71

Gentiane amarelle (Ft.) '6

a feuilles elroites (Ft.) 71

d,Alkmagne(Fr.) 77

des champs (Ft.) 78

printaniire (Ft.) 71

Gebhrte Weide (Ger.) 233

Gebhrtes Bapiinzchen (Ger.) 212

GEKA'XIOI

COLUMBI'NUM, Linn.... 303 201

DISSEGTDM, Linn 302 200

Lancastrien'se, With 293 b 191

LTJ'CIDUM, Linn 301 202

minutiflo'rum,Jotd. 306 201

modes'tum, Jord 201

MOI/LE, Linn 299 197

XODO'SUM, Linn 295 193

PHOSTIM, Linn 291 192

PRATEN'SE, Linn 297 195

jyrostra'tum, Cor 191

pwrpu'reum, Vill 306 201

PUSIL'LOL Linn 300 198

VOL.

ix.

ix.
xi.

vi.

viii.

in.

viii.

in.

iii.

vi.
vi.

INDEX.

263

196
204

203
204

PLATE

GEEA'NIUH

PYRENA'ICUM, Linn.... 29S

Ba'ii, Lindl. ?

ROBERTIA'NUM, Linn.

305 & 306

Jord 305

var. f$. marit'iminn.

Bab.? 204

var. modcs'tuni, Syme 204

var.purpu'reum,<%/He 306 204

ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,

Linn 301 199

Fries 300 198

BANGUIN'EUM, Linn. 293 191

var. prostra'tum, Syme 191

[stria'tum, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 209

BYLVATTCUM, Linn. ... 296 194

viscid'ulum. Fries 301 199

Ge'ranium afeuilles rondes (Ft.) 200

6run(Ger.) 193

colombin (Ft.) 202

de'coupe {Ft.) 201

desbois (Ft.) 195

des pre's (Ft.) 196

des Pyre'ue'tS (Fr.)

fluet (Fr.)

herbe a Robert (Ft.)

bison* (Fr.)

Molht(Fi:)

none u x (Ft.) 194

sanguin (Fr.) 192

197
199
205
203
19S

165
82

165
84
83
85
83

Gerard's Binse (Ger.) 37

Germander Ehrenpreis (Ger.)

rut-leaved 1091

Speedwell 986

Wall 1094

Water 1092

Wood 1093

Germandre'e aqnatique (Fr.)

. botride(FT.) 82

— des bois (Fr.) 86

petite chene (Ft.) 84

Geruchlose Kamille (Ger.) 47

Geschldngtlte Schmiele (Ger.) 67

Geschnabelte Segge (Ger.) 169

Gesse a larges ft-uilles (Ft.) 108

des marais (Fr.) 109

des pre's (Fr.) 105

sans feuilles (Ft.) 102

sans vrilles (Ft.) 103

sauvage (Ft.) 107

tubercuse (Fr.) 106

velue(FT.) 104

Gestreckler Ganserich (Ger.) 1-18

Gestrecktes Samkraut (Ger.) 42

Getupfter Sonnengunsel 8

GE'UH

INTERME'DIDM, Ehrh. 458 199

EIVA'LE, Linn 459 200

s.

vi.
vii.
vi.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

GE'UM

urba'no-riva'le, Meyer 458 199 iii.

URBA'NUM. Linn 457 197 iii.

Gmob%nUche Meerrettig (Get) 183 i.

Gewbhnlicher Lem (Ger.) 185 ii

Gezahnter Leindotter (Ger.) 200 i.

Gezahntes Eapunzchen (Ger.) 243 iv.

Gezahntfruchtiger Schneckenklee

(Ger.) 27 iii.

Gift Lattich (Ger.) 146 ▼«

Gifthahnenfuss (Ger.) 32 1

GifUger WuOierig (Ger.) 97 iv,

Gilbkraut (Ger.) l°u i

GIL'IA

[tri'color, Benth.~\ (excluded) ...

Gilliflower 1°6

Queen's 103

v.

in.
iii.

m.
ix.

83
154
151
163
163
2

Gimauve he'risse'e (Fr.)

■ officinale (Ft.)

Gipsy Wort 1019

Giroflee (Ft.) 149,154 i.

violier (Ft.) 154 i.

GITHA'GO

setfetum, Derf. 215 74 n.

GLADIOLUS

communis, Hook. & Arn.... 1493

[ Koch] (excluded)

du'bius, Pari

[eu-commu'nis, Syme"] (ex-

cluded)

ILLYE'ICUS, Koch 1493

imbricxt'tus, Bab 1493

Lesser 1^93

Glaievl eommun (Fr.)

Glanz-gras (Ger.)

Glanzender Ehrenpreis (Ger.)

. — Kranichsch nabel (Ger.) . . .

Gldnzendes Samkraut (Ger.) 37

Glatter Igellock (Ger.) ,

Glauciere cornue (Fr.)

jaune (Fr.)

GLAU'CIUM

CORNICULA'TUM, Curt. 65

fla'vum, Crantz 66

liyb'ridum, Lois 64

LU'TEUM, Scop 66

phceni'ceum, Crantz 65

oiola'ceum, Juss 64

GLAUX

MABITTMA, Linn Ho0

maritime (Ft.)

GLECHOMA

hedera'cea, Linn 1055

hirsu'ta, Walds. & Kit

Glechome (Ft.)

Gletscher-Segge (Ger.)

Globe Flower

GLY'CE

marM ima, Lindley 140

42

141

IX.

155

ix.

142

ix.

155

ix.

141

ix.

141

ix.

142

ix.

142

ix.

20

xi.

151

vi.

203

ii.

37

ix.

124

viii.

97

i.

98

i.

96

;

97

:

95

97

96

95

i.

154

vii.

154

vn.

40

vii.

40

vn.

41

vii.

119

X

54

i

197

264

ENGLISH BOTANY

Glyce'rie aquatique (Fr.)

e~carte'e (Ft.)

flottante (Fr.) ..

■ ivraie (Fr.)

GLYCE'RIA

airoi'des, Reich 1750

uqiuit' tea, Presl 1750

AQUAT'ICA, Sra 1751

Bor'reri, Bab 1756

confer' ta, Fr 1756

dis'tans, Hook. fil....l755 & 1756

Sin 1755

eu-flu'itans, Syme 1752

FLU'ITAXS.'i?. .Br. 1752 & 1753

Fr 1752

Towns 1752

var. pedicella'ta, Syme

lolia'cea, Gren. & Godr. ... 1702

Wats 1759

marit'ima, WabJ 1754

pediciUa'ta, Towns

plica'ta, Fr 1753

var. subspica'ta. Farn

procum'bens, Sin 1757

ri'j'idn, Sin 175S

spectab'ilis, M. & K 1751

Gnaphale de Wahlenberg (Fr.)

des bois (Fr.)

des marais (Fr.)

jaundtre (Fr.)

perle'e (Fr.)

petite (Fr.)

pied de chat (Fr.)

GXAPHALIUM

omm'8e,Willd 739

DIOI'CUM, Linn.... 747 & 748

var. hyperbo'reum,

DC '. 64S

GaVlicv.ru. Huds 740

German' ieum, Sm. 736

hyperbo'reum, Don 748

LU'TEO-AL'BUM. Linn. 742

MARGARITA'CEUM,

Linn 746

minimum, Sm 739

mbnta'num, Huds 739

NOBVE'GICUM, Gunn 744

pihda're, "Wahl

rec'tum, Sm 743

SUITNUM, Linn 745

var. fus'curn, Scop. ... 745

SYLYAT'KTM, Linn.... 74:;

Sm 744

var. a. rec'tum, Hook.

& Arn 743

var. #. Norvefgicum,

Hook. & Am 711

ULIGIXO'SUM, Linn. ... 741

Gr. & Godr

var. pilula're, Koch

PAGE

VOL

98

xi.

105

xi.

101

xi.

111

xi.

94

xi

94

xi

100

xi

105

xi

105

xi

103

xi

104

xi

97

xi

96

xi

97

xi

97

xi

97

xi

153

xi

110

xi

102

xi

97

xi

97

xi

98

xi

107

xi

108

xi

100

xi

75

V

75

V

73

V

74

V

77

■\

76

\

79

y

70

V.

78

V.

78

V.

71

V.

67

V.

78

V.

73

V.

77

V.

70

V.

70

V.

75

V.

73

V.

74

V.

76

V.

76

V.

74

V.

75

V.

74

V.

75

V.

72

V.

73

V.

73

\

r-LATE PAGE VOL.

Goat's-beard, Yellow, var. a 798 140 v.

var.£ 799 140 v.

var. 7 800 140 v.

Gold of Fleasure, Cultivated ... 141 200 i.

Fetid 142 200 i.

Golden Dock 1212 43 viii.

Moss 532 55 iv.

Saxifrage, Alternate-
leaved 564 85 iv.

Opposite-
leaved 563 84 iv.

-rod, Common, var. a ... 778 114 v.

var. £ ... 779 114 v.

Samphire 769 101 v.

Willow 1311 213 viii.

Goldgelber Ampfer (Ger.) 43 viii.

Goldilocks ....." 32 37 i.

Goldlach (Ger.) 154 i.

GoldnesseJ (Ger.) 77 vii.

Goldwurz (Ger.) 100 i.

Goldyloeks 777 112 v.

GOODYE'RA

RE'PEXS, Fr 1475 118 ix.

Goodyere rampantt (Fr.) 119 ix.

Gooseberry 518 39 iv.

Goosefoot, Fig-leaved 1191 16 viii.

Many-clustered 1195 21 viii.

Many-seeded, var. a. 1185 11 viii.

: var. £ 1186 12 viii.

Maple-leaved 1193 18 viii.

Xettle-leaved 1192 17 viii.

Oak-leaved 1198 24 viii.

Red, var. a 1196 23 viii.

var. £ 1197 33 viii.

■ Stinking 1187 13 viii.

Upright 1194 20 viii.

White, var. a 1188 13 viii.

var. 3 1189 14 viii.

var. y 1190 14 viii.

Goosegrass 658 226 iv.

Gorse 323 5 iii.

Gouet commun (Fr.) 14 ix.

d'Falie (Fr.) 16 ix.

Gvutte de sang (Fr.) H i-

Goutweed, Common 580 109 iv.

Graine de beurre ' (Fr.) 125 l.

GRAM'MICA

[aphyl'la, Lour.] (excluded) 93 vi.

GBAM'MITIS

Ce'terach, Swartz 1883 139 xii.

leptophyl'la, Swartz &

Willi 1S43 42 xii.

Grasarttges Samkrcaii (Ger.) 36 ix.

Grass. Alpine Fox-tail 17o4 30 xi.

-Hair 1731 66 xi.

Meadow 1762 115 xi.

Timothy 1705 31 xi.

Ambiguous Fescue 17S0 140 xi.

Annual Beard 1713 41 xi.

INDEX.

265

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Grass, Annual Meadow 1760 111 xi.

Balfour's Meadow 1767 122 xi.

Barren Brome 1799 164 xi.

False Brome 1808 176 xi.

Fescue 1782 143 xi.

Bent-stemmed Fox-tail 1701 26 xi.

Blue Moor 1710 36 xi.

Bog Hair 1733 69 xi.

Borrer's Meadow 1756 107 xi.

Bristle-leaved Bent 1717 46 xi.

Brown Bent 1718 47 xi.

Bulbous Meadow 1761 114 xi.

Csesious Meadow 1765 119 xi.

Canary 169S 21 xi.

Common Bent 1721 50 xi.

Couch 1810 178 xi.

Quaking 1774 131 xi.

Eye 1814 186 xi.

Scurvy 130 185 i.

Timothy 1706 & 1707 32 xi.

Confused Brome 1802 169 xii.

Creeping Dog's-tooth ... 1690 9 xi.

Fescue 1786 148 xi.

Sea Meadow ... 1754 103 xi.

Soft 1743 84 xi.

Crested Dog's-tail 1776 134 xi.

Hair 1746 89 xi.

Decumbent Heath 1745 87 xi.

Sea Couch... 1812 183 xi.

Dense - flowered Silky

Bent 1716 45 xi.

Downy Oat 1737 75 xi.

Dwarf Meadow 1759 111 xi.

Early Hair 1735 72 xi.

Sand 1689 8 xi.

Erect Sea Couch 1811 181 xi.

European Cut 1686 3 xi.

False Oat 1742 83 xi.

Wood Brome 1S07 174 xi.

Field Brome 1806 172 xi.

Flat-stemmed Meadow ... 1770 126 xi.

Floating Meadow 1752 98 xi.

Folded-leaved Meadow... 1753 99 xi.

Fox-tail Meadow 1703 28 xi.

Glabrous Finger 1691 11 xi.

Oat 1738 & 1739 76 xi.

Glaucous Meadow 1766 120 xi.

Great Brome 1798 163 xi.

Green Bristle 1693 14 xi.

Grey Hair 1729 63 xi.

Hard Fescue 1785 147 xi.

Meadow 1758 109 xi.

Heath Hair 1732 67 xi.

Hoary Whitlow 136 193 i.

Italian Rye 1815 187 xi.

Loose Panic 1692 12 xi.

Many-spiked Cord 1688 6 xi.

Marl 347 39 iii.

Marsh Bent 1719 & 1720 48 xi.

Mat 1814 198 xi

PLATE

Grass, Meadow Fescue... 1791 & 1792

Mountain Scurvy 131

Mouse-tail Fescue 1781

Nodding Melic 1748

Northern Holy 1695

of Parnassus 565

Orange-anthered Fox-tail 1700

Ovate Hare's-tail 1712

Pepper 1825

Perennial Beard 1714

poly, Hyssop-leaved 492

Procumbent-Meadow 1757

Purple Melic 1747

Purple-stalked Timothy 1708

Racemose Brome 1803

Reed Meadow 1751

Eeflexed Meadow 1755

Eibbon 1697

Rough Bristle 1694

Brome 1795

Cock's-foot 1778

Dog's-tail 1777

Meadow 1773

Rye Brome 1800 & 1801

Sand Couch 1813

. Lyme 1819

Timothy 1709

Sea, Hard ..'. 1818

Shave 1894

Sheep's Fescue ... 1783 & 1784

. Silvery Hair 1734

Single-glumed Fescue . . . 1779

Slender Fox-tail 1699

Small Quaking 1775

Smooth Meadow... 1771 & 1772

Soft Brome 1804 & 1805

Spreading Silky, Bent ... 1715

Straight-stemmed Meadow

1763

— — Sweet-scented Vernal ... 1696

Tall Brome 1793 & 1794

Fescue 1789 & 1790

Tuberous Fox-tail 1702

Tufted Hair 1730

Twin-spiked Cord 1687

Upright-annual Brome... 1797

perennial Brome 1796

Wavy Meadow 1764

Wood Couch 1809

Fescue 1787 & 1788

Meadow ... 176S & 1769

Melic 1749

Millet 1728

Yellow Oat 1736

PAGE

154
186
142
93
16
86
24
39

2
42

4
10S

9

34

168

100

105

20
14
158
137
135
130
166
184
191

35
189
162
144

71
139

23
132
128
171

44

116

18

156

151

27

65

5

162

160

117

177

149

124

94

61

74

99

124

VOL.

xi.

i.
xi.
xi.
xi.
iv.
xi.
xi.
xii.

xi.

xii.

xi.
xi.
xi.

Grassblattriges Vog elk r aid (Ger.) ..
Grassette a grandes fleurs (Fr.) ..

commune (Ft.) 123

de Portugal (Fr.) 125

jaunatre (Fr.) 125

Grasswrack, Common, var. a ... 1429 61

xi.
xi.

Vll.

vii.
vii.
vii.

266

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE

Grasswrack, Common, var. £ ... 1430 61

Dwarf 1131 62

leaved Pondweed 1115 46

Grave Glockenheide (Ger.) 41

Pappel (Ger.) 195

Weide (Ger.) 232

Graues Silbergras (Ger.) 63

Graugriine Nelhe (Ger.) 48

Greek Valerian 922 82

Green Hellebore 44 57

Spleenwort 1877 129

Weed, Dyers' 328 10

Hairy 327 9

winged Meadow Orchis 1454 97

Gre'mil des champs (Fr.) 97

officinal (Fr.) 96

violet (Ft.) 95

GrenouiOette (Fr.) 24

Gromwell, Common 1101 96

Corn 1102 97

Purple 1100 95

Groseille a rnaquereau (Fr.) 39

cassis (Fr.) 45

commune (Fr.) 42

des Alpes (Fr.) 41

Grossamige Klette (Ger.) 25

Grossblumiges Vogelhraut (Ger.) 97

Grossbliithiges Zymbelkraut (Ger.) 130

Grosse Kaseblume (Ger.) 42

Strenze, or Astranze (Ger.) 92

Grosser Steinpeterlein (Ger.) 116

Wegerich (Ger.) 168

Grussere Klapper (Ger.) 182

Grosses Lowenmaul (Ger.) 131

Grbsster Zirmet (Ger.) 156

Ground Ivy 1055 41

Pine 1090 80

Groundsel, Common 749 SO

Mountain, var. a 750 82

var. 0 ... 751 82

Stinking 752 82

Griim Grand feste (Ger.) 161

Kuckucksblume (Ger.) 105

Niessicurz (Ger.) 57

Griiner Fennich (Ger.) 14

Guarelle (Fr.) 182

Guelder Rose, Common 639 203

Guiblane (Fr.) 190

Guter Heinrich (Ger.) 25

GYMXADE'XIA

AL'BIDA, Rich 1461 103

CONOP'SEA, Br 1460 102

vir'idis, Rich 1462 105

GYMNOCABPIUM

Dryop'teris, Newm 1S45 46

Phegop'teris,'Se\\m 1847 50

Robertia'num, Newm 1846 48

GYMNOGRAMATA

LEPTOPHYL'LA, Desv. 1843 42

VOL.

ix.

ix.

ix.

vi.
viii.
yin.

ix.

vii.
vii.
vii.
i.
vii.
vii.
vii.

iv.

iv.

iv.
vii.

vi.

vi.

iv.

vii.

vii.

v.

vu.
iv.

xii.
xii.
xii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

GYMNOGRAM'ME

Ce'terach, Spreng 1S83 139 xii.

Haarbltittrige Baricurz (Ger.) 141 iv.

Haarformiges Samkrant (Ger.) 52 ix.

Haarhalmige Segge (Ger.) 139 x.

Haariger Hundslattich (Ger.) 132 v.

HABEXA'RIA

al'bida, Br 1461 103 ix.

bifo'lia,Biib 1464 106 ix.

BIFO'LIA, Br. ... 1463 & 1464 105 ix.

chloran'tha, Bab 1463 107 ix.

eu-bifo'lia, Syme 1464 106 ix.

VIR'IDIS, Br 1462 105 ix.

Habichtskraut : (Ger.) 164-213 v.

Habichtskrautahnlicher Bitterich

(Ger.) 136 v.

Haferschlehe (Ger.) 117 iii.

Hag-taper 937 111 vi.

Rahnenfuss, or Krdhenfuss (Ger.) 17 i.

Hahnenfussartiger Froscldoffel

(Ger.) 73 ix.

Hain-Ampfer (Ger.) 42 viii.

Hain-Friedlos (Ger.) 150 vii.

Hain-Rispengras (Ger.) 125 xi.

Ha in-Yogelkraut (Ger.) 93 ii.

Hair-grass, Alpine 1731 66 xi.

Bog 1733 69 xi.

Crested 1746 89 xi.

Early 1735 72 xi.

Grey 1735 63 xi.

Heath 1732 67 xi.

Silvery 1734 71 xi.

. Tufted 1730 65 xi.

Ilakenfurmiger Was*erst'.rn (Ger.) ... 121 viii.

HALIAN'TEUS

peploi'des, Fries 239 106 ii.

JIAL'IMUS

peduncula'ta, Wallr 1209 37 viii.

portulacoi'des, Duniont ... 1208 36 viii.

HALOS'CIAS

Scot'icum, Fries 603 138 iv.

Hammer Sedge 1677 163 x.

Hangende Segge (Ger.) 140 x.

Hard Rush." 1563 26 x.

Hare-bell *70 13 vi.

Hare's-ear, Falcate-leaved 592 123 iv.

Mustard 101 149 i.

Narrow-leaved 590 121 iv.

Perfoliate 589 120 iv.

Slender 591 122 iv.

foot Sedge 1633 101 x.

Trefoil 354 47 iii.

tail Cotton-grass 1604 72 x.

grass, Ovate 1712 39 xi.

Hart's-tongue Fern 1858 87 xii.

Haxl-wort, Great 614 156 iv.

Hasenpfoten Segge (Get.) 104 x.

INDEX.

267

TLATE PAGE VOL.

Haufartiges Kunigumderikra ut

(Ger.) 121 ▼•

Haus-Ampfer (Git.) 51 ™j-

Hautbois Strawberry 439 I56 iiL

Hawk-bit, Autumnal, var. a ... 794 135 v.

var. /3 ... 795 135 v.

, Hairy 792 132 v.

Rough 793 133 v.

Hawk's-beard, Bristly 817 160

Large Rough ... 819 162

Marsh 821 164

Scabious-leaved 820 162

Small Rough ... 816 159

Smooth 818 161

— Stinking 815 158 v.

Hawkweed, Alpine 828 172

Amplexicaul-leaved 835 179

Black-headed 832 176

Broad-leaved S54 205

Ctesious 847 193

Oafs-ear 842 187

Compact 845 190

Corymbose S55 207

English 836 & 837 181

. Globose-headed 829 173

Gold-flowered, var. a 830 175

var.jS S31 175

Grey-headed 825 169

Grey lingulate-

leaved 833 177

Irish 838 182

Liugulate-leaved ... 834 178

Marygold-flowered 824 168

-Mouse-ear 822 166

Naked-headed 851 200

Narrow-leaved 853 204

Orange 823 167

Ox-tongue 796 136

Pale 840 185

Rough-leaved 858 211

Saffron 856 208

Scaly-stalked 844 189

Shaggy 839 184

Silvery 843 188

. Slender 828 173

Small-toothed 859 213

Spotted 849 196

Stellately-downy ... 848 195

Straight-branched... 857 210

Three-toothed 852 202

Wall 846 192

-Wood 850 198

Woolly -headed 826 170

Hawthorn 479 237

Common 480 238 hi.

Hazel 1292 17 viii.

leaved Bramble 455 193 iii.

HeadWark 58 88 i.

Heartsease 178 25 11.

Heath Bedstraw 651 219 iv.

PLATE

Heath, Cornish 892

Cross-leaved 8S8 & 889

Fine-leaved 891

Fringed-leaved 887

grass, Decumbent 1745

Grey 891

Hair-grass 1732

Irish 893

Mackay's 890

Rush 1576

Sedge, Glaucous ... 1644 1646

Silvery 1651

St. Dabeoc's 885

XI.

vi.
xi.
vi.
vi.

x.

x.

Heather 894

Hecken-Knoterich (Ger.)

Heckensame (Ger.)

HED'EEA

HE'LIX, Linn 633

Hederich (Ger.)

Hedge Mustard 96

Garlic 100

Parsley, Field 619

— Knotted 621

Upright 620

Stonewort 578

Woundwort 1070 & 1071

HEDYP'NOIS

autumna'lis, Sin 794

hir'tum, Sin 792

his'pidum,Sm 793

Tarax'aci, Sm 795

HEDYS'ABUN

Onobry'chis, Linn 381

Eeide Labkraut (Ger.)

Segge(Ger.)

HeidenUattriger Spierstaude (Ger.) ...
Heidliches Tausendgiildenkraut

(Ger.)

Heilvmrz Sesel (Ger.)

HELEOCH'ABIS

PAGE VOL.

42 vi.

38 vi.

41 vi.

36 vi.
87
41
67
43
39
39
118

129 x.

34 vi.

44 vi.

63 viii.

5 iii.

1S1 iv.

144,148 i.

144 i.

147 i.

163 iv.
165 iv.

164 iv.
107 iv.

59-60 vii.

aciculu'ris, Sm ,

Bazothry'on, Nees ..

exspito'sa, Reich. ..

flu'itans, Hook

midticau'lis, Sm. .

palus'tris, R. Br. ...

Koch

par'vula, Hook

pauciflo'ra, Link .

uniglu'mis, Reich..

Watso'ni, Bab

HELEOGETON

flu'itans, Link ....

glau'cum, Reich. .

par'vula, Link ....

pun'gau, Reich. .

trigo'num, Reich. .

trique'trum, Reich.

1585

1589

1590

1592

1588

1586 & 1587

, 1586

1591

1589

1587

1592
1597
1591
1600
1598
1599

134 v.

131 v.

133 v.

134 v.

81 iii.

220,221 iv.

129 x.

126 iii.

69 vi.

138 iv.

50 x.

54 x.

55 x.
57 x.

53 x.

51 x.

51 x.

56 x.

54 x.

52 x.
52 x.

57 x.
64 x.
56 x.
66 x.

64 x.

65 x.

268

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL

He'liantheme afeuilles de Folium

(Fr.) 11 ii.

blanchdtre (Fr.) 10 ii

commun (Ft.) 11 ii.

— tacJie (Fr.).

HELIAN'THEMUM

Brewe'ri, Planch

CA'NUM, Duwrf

ca'num, Reich

var. vinea'le, Byrne... ,

eu-gutta'tum, Syme

GUTTATUM, Miller.

165 &

Auct. Plur

var. $, Hook. & Am.

■ ital'icum, Pers

[ledifo'lium, Willd.'] (ex-

cluded)

oelan'dicuui, Wahl ,

POLIFO'LIUM, Pers. ...

pulverulen' turn, DC

surreja'num, Mill ,

vinea'le, Pers

VULGA'RE, Gdrtn

Heliotrope, Winter

Hellebore fe'tide (Fr.)

vert (Fr.)

166
167
167

165

166
165

166

9
9
9

7

7

7

8

10

169
169

Hellebore, Green

• Stinking

Helleborine, Broad-leaved
Loner-leaved..

235
10
11
11

11

9
168 10
781 118

59

57

57
59

44
45

— Marsh

— Narrow-leaved.

— Oval-leaved ....

— Red

-White

1480 125

1484 129

1482 127
1479 124

1481 126

1483 128

1485 130

HELLEB'ORUS

FlE'TIDUS, Linn 45 58

hyema'lis, Linn 43 55

VIR'IDIS, Linn 44 56

HELMIN'THIA

ECHIOI'DES, Gdrtn 797

Helminthie vipe'rine (Fr.)

Helosciadie nodiflore (Fr.)

HELOSCIA'DIUM

INUNDA'TUM, Koch ... 575

NODIFLO'RUM, Bab.

573 & 574

Koch 573

var. longipeduncula'-

tum, F. Schultz 574

var. re'pens, Syme ... 574

var. vulga're, Schultz 573

re'pens, Koch 574

Hemes' theum monta'num, Newm. 1849

Thelyp'teris, Newm 1848

Hemlock, Common 629

Water 571 97

137 v.

138 v.

101 iv.

102 iv.

100

iv

100

iv

100

iv

100

iv

100

iv

100

iv

54

xii

52

xii

174

iv

PLATE PACK VOL.

Hemlock, Water-Dropwort 597 129 iv.

Hemp- Agrimony, Common 785 121 v.

Common 1283 132 viii.

nettle, Common 1078 67 vii.

Downy 1076 65 vii.

Intermediate 1075 64 vii.

Large-flowered ... 1077 66 vii.

Narrow -leaved 1074 63 vii.

Henbane, Common 936 107 vi.

Henbit Dead-nettle 1081 70 vii.

Henne-belle 936 108 vi.

HEBAC'LEUM

SPHONDYL'IUM, Linn. 613 154 iv.

Herb Bennet 629 174 iv.

- Christopher 49 67 i.

Gerard 611 151 iv.

Paris 1509 174 ix.

Robert 305 203 ii.

__ var. 7 306 205 ii.

St. Barbara 120 171 i.

Herbe djaunir (Ger.) 5 ii.

au ehantre (Fr.) 144 i.

aux cuilliers (Fr.) 185 i.

aux-varices (Fr.) 19 v.

Sainte-Barbe (Fr.) 171 i.

Herbst Lowenzahn (Ger.) 135 v.

Wasserstern (Ger.) 123 viii.

Wendelorche (Ger.) 116 ix.

Zeitlose (Ger.) 225 ix.

HEKMINTUM

clandesti'num, Gren. &

Godr 1466 109 ix.

MONORCHISM 1466 109 ix.

HEBMODAC TYL US

tubero'sus, Salisb 1496 147 ix.

HEENIA'EIA

CILIATA, Bab 1172 179 vii.

GLA'BRA, Linn 1171 178 vii.

[hirsu'ta, Linn.'] (excluded) 183 vii.

latifo'lia, Lapey 180 vii.

Herzbldttriges Ziveiblatt (Ger.) 120 ix.

HESTERIS

inodo'ra, Linn., Sm 103 150 i.

MATRONA'LIS, Linn. ... 103 150 i.

Hetre fayard (Fr.) 165 viii.

HIERACIUM

AGGREGA'TUM, Bach. 845 189 v.

alpi'num, Back 827 170 v.

Sm 826 169 v.

var. o, Hook. & Am. 827 170 v.

var. 0, Hook. & Arn. 826 169 v.

AMPLEXICAU'LE,

Linn 835 178 v.

AN'GLICUM, Fries 836 & 837 179 v.

var. acutifo'lium,

Back 180 v.

var. amplexicau'le,

Bab 838 180 v.

IXDEX.

269

PLATE PAGE VOL.

HIEEA'CIUM

an'glicum, var. dccip'iens,

Syme ISO v.

ARGEXTEUM, Fries ... 843 187 v.

atra'tum, Bab 831 171 v.

Fries 833 176 v.

AURAXTI'ACUM, Linn. 823 1G6 v.

[Auric'ula, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 218 v.

[ Sm.] (excluded) 218 v.

bifidum, Kit 190 v.

BOREA'LE, Fries 854 204 v.

BOR'RERI, Syme 859 212 v.

CLE'SIUM, Fries (?) 847 192 v.

Fries 848 193 v.

var. obtusifo'lium,

Syme 193 v.

CALENDULIFLO'RUM,

Back 824 167 v.

cerinthoi'dee, Back.... 836 & 837 179 v.

[ Linn.] (excluded) 218 v.

var. a, Back 837 180 v.

var. $, Back 836 ISO v.

CHRYSAXTHUM, Bach.

830 & 831 174 v.

var. 7, Hook. & Am. 833 176 v.

var. microcepb'alum,

Bach 831 174 v.

CIXERES'CEXS, Jord.... 841 185 v.

COR YMBO'SUM, Fries... 855 206 v.

CROCA'TUM, Fries 856 207 v.

dent icula' turn, Sm 857 208 v.

Borrer 859 212 v.

[Dovren'se, Fries'] (ex-

cluded) 219 v.

[du'bium, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 218 v.

[ Sm.] (excluded) 218 v.

EXIM'IUM, Back 825 168 v.

var. a, Hook. & Am. 825 168 v.

var. 0, Hook. & Am. 824 167 v.

var. tenel'lum, Bach 169 v.

flocco'sum, Bab 848 193 v.

FLOCCULO'SUM, Bach. 848 193 v.

G IBSO'XI, Bach 842 186 v.

[glacia'le, Lachn.] (ex-

cluded) 218 v.

GLOBO'SUM, Bach 829 173 v.

GOTH'ICUM, Fries 851 199 v.

var. latifo'lium, Bach 200 v.

GRACILEXTUM, Bach. 828 172 v.

heterophyl'lum, Bladon 854 204 v.

HOLOSERIC'EUM. Bach. 826 169 v.

hypochseroi'des, S. Gibson 842 186 v.

inquina'tum, Jord 849 195 v.

inuloi'des, Tauscb 856 207 v.

IR'ICUM, Fries 838 181 v.

Lapeyrou'sii, Bab 838 181 v.

■ lasiophyl'lum, Back 841 185 v.

Koch 186 v.

VOL. XII. 2 N

HIEEA'CIUM

La war/ a i, Sm 836 &

LIXGULATUM, Bach....

MACULA'TUM, Sm

MELANOCEPH'ALUM,

Tausch

var. insig'ne, Syme ...

mol'le, Jacq

MUROR'UM, Fries

Sm

" var. a, Linn." Frios

var. canes'cens, Syme

var. rotunda'tum,

Bach

var. sub-caj'sium,

Fries (?)

" var. /3. sylvat'icum,

Linn."

XIGRES'CEXS, Willd. ...

XIT'IDUM, Bach

Norve'gicum, Fries (?)

obtusifo'lium, Back

[Ore'ades, Fries] (excluded)

PAL'LIDUM, Fries

var. (?) per sici folium,

Fries

paludo'sum, Linn

Peleteria'num Merat

PILOSEL'LA, Linn

var. pilosis'simum,

Fries

[plum'beum, Fries] (excl.)

PREXAXTHOI'DES, Vill

puhnona'rium, Sm

rig'idum, Back

[ Hartm.] (excluded)

Kocb

rupes'tre, Bab

Sabau'dum, Sm

Saxif'ragum, Bab

[ Fries] (excluded) . . .

Schmid'tii, Kocb

SEXES'CEXS, Bach

stellig'erum, Back

[stolonif'erum, W. & K-]

(excluded)

STRIC'TUM, Fries

sylvat'icum, Sm

var. nemoro'sum, Back.

TRIDEXTATUM, Fries

UMBELLA'TUM, VOL ...

var. filifo'lium. Back.

YILLO'SUM, Linn

Sm

vires' cens, Sonder

VULGATUM, Fries

var. cine'reum. Bach.

var. nemoro'sum, Back.

var. rosula'tum, §yme

var. rufes'cena, Bach.

t837

179

834

177

819

195

827

170

171

820

162

846

190

847

192

847

192

191

846
832
844

840

844
821

822

. 858

830?

855

852
830
854
834

840
833
848

857
850

852
853

839

825

850
849

191

191

190
175
188
200
193
218
184

188
103
165
165

165
218
210
174
200
219
201
174
204
177
218
184
176
193

218
208
196
196
201
202
204
182
169
205
196
197
195
197
197

270

ENGLISn BOTANY.

PLATE PAOB

HIERA'CIUM

vulga'tum, var. subnigres'-

cens, Syrne 197

RIEBOGHLOA. See Hierochlo'e.
HIEEOCHLO'E

BOREA'LIS, It. & S. 1695 16

odora'ta, Wahl 1695 16

Higtaper, or High-taper 937 111

HIMANTOGLOS'SUM

Mrci'num, Spreng 1448 90

Eimbeere (Ger.) 161

Eimmelschliisscl - Sclrfiisselblume

(Ger.) 132

Eippoere'pide en OmbeUe (Fr.) 80

HIPPOCRE'PIS

COMO'SA, Linn 380 79

HIPPOPHA'E

RHAMNOI'DES, Linn.... 1245 82

HIPPU'RIS

VULGA'RIS, Linn 516 33

HIRSCHFEL'DIA

adpres'sa, Miinch 86 129

Eirsenartige Segge (Ger.) 134

Hog's-Fennel, Marsh 610 150

Sea 609 149

Eohe Esche (Ger.) 57

Sommerwurz (Ger.) 197

Wolfmiilch (Ger.) 104

Holier Eimmehcldiissel (Ger.) 135

Schwingel (Ger.) 151

Wieserihqfer (Ger.) 83

HOL'CUS

avena'eens, Scop 1742 81

LANA'TUS, Linn 1744 84

MOL'LIS, Linn 1743 83

odoru'tus, Linn 1095 16

Holly 316 220

Sea 569 95

Holly-fern, Alpine 1859 90

. Hard 1S60 92

. Soft 1861 95

HOLOSCHCE'NUS

Linnx'i, Reich. & Sch. ... 1595 61

vidga'ris, Link 1595 61

Eol oste'e en ombelle (Fr.) 76

HOLOS'TEUM

UMBELLA'TUM, Linn. 216 75

Holy-grass, Northern 1695 16

EOMOG'YNE

[idpi'na, Cass.] (excluded) 217

Eonche'nye ponrpier (Fr.) 107

Honeystalks 347 39

Honeysuckle 642 207

Trefoil 347 39

Upright Fly 643 208

HONKENEYA

dblongifo'lia, Torr. & G ray 107

PEPLO-1'DEK, Ekrh 239 106

VI.

vi.

viii.
vii.

xi.

xi.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Hop, Common 1284 134 viii.

Trefoil 365 61 iii.

Hopfen Schneclcenldee (Ger.) 25 iii.

HOR'DEUM

MARITTMUM, With 1823 195 xi.

MURI'NUM, Linn 1822 194 xi.

var. 0, Linn 1821 193 xi.

PRATEN'SE, Ends 1821 193 xi.

secali'num, Schreb 1821 193 xi.

SYLVATTCUM, Huds.... 1820 192 xi.

Horehound, Black 1065 & 1066 53 vii.

Water 1019 3 vii.

White 1064 51 vii.

Hornbeam 1293 177 viii.

leaved Bramble 176 iii.

Horned Pondweed, Common ... 1425 57 ix.
Stalked-fruited

1426 57 ix.

Horn Poppy, Red 65 97 i.

Violet 64 96 i.

Yellow 66 98 i.

Eomschuch's Segge (Ger.) 154 x.

Horuwort, Common 1276 124 viii.

Unarmed 1277 124 viii.

Horse Mint, Broad-leaved 1021 6 vii.

Common 1022 7 vii.

Horseradish 129 183 i.

Horseshoe Vetch 380 80 iii.

Horsetail, Blunt-topped 1890 154 xii.

Corn 1889 152 xii.

Great 1888 150 xii.

Mackay's 1896 166 xii.

Marsh 192 157 xii.

Moore's 1895 164 xii.

Rough 1894 162 xii.

Variegated ... 1897 & 1898 169 xii.

Water 1893 159 xii.

Wood 1891 156 xii.

Eottone des marais (Fr.) 130 vii.

HOTTO'NIA

rALUS'TRTS, Linn 1128 130 vii.

Houhlon grimpant (Fr.) 134 viii.

Eoulque laineuse (Fr.) 85 xi.

mo/fc (Fr.) 84 xi.

Hound's Tongue, Common 1118 119 vii.

Green-leaved 1119 120 vii.

Housedeek, Common 538 61 iv.

Houx commun (Fr.) 220 ii.

Hiigel Meier (Ger.) 229 iv.

Euhner-Eirse (Ger.) 12 xi.

Eiilsenbaum (Ger.) 220 ii.

HU'MULUS

LU'PULUS, Linn 1284 133 viii.

Eunds Gleisse (Ger.) 133 iv.

Rose (Ger.) 226 iii.

Straussgras (Ger.) 47 xi.

Weizen (Ger.) 177 xi.

Eungcrblumchen (Ger.) 188 i.

Hutchiusia, Rock 151 210 i.

INDEX.

271

PLATE PAGE

HUTCHINSIA

PETILE'A, R. Brown 151 210

Hyacinth, Starch 1529 203

Wood 152S 201

HTACIN'THUS

non-scrip' tus, Linn 1528 200

racemo'sus, Linn 1529 201

HYDEOCH'AEIS

MOR'SUS-RA'N,E, Linn. 1444 78

HYDROCHLO'A

aquat' ica, Hartm 1751 100

HYDEOCOTYLE

VULGA'RIS, Linn 566 89

Hydrocotyle vulgaire (Fr.) 90

HYMENOPHYL'LUM

ala'tum,Sw 1839 33

pelta'tum, Desv 1841 36

TUNBRIDGEN'SE,

Smith 1S40 35

var. Bentham 1841 36

var. j3, Sm 1839 33

UNILATERAL^, Bory. 1841 36

Wilso'ni, Hook 1S41 36

HYOSCY'AMUS

[al'bus, Linn.'] (excluded) 109

NI'GER, Linn 936 106

var. pal'lidus, Syme 106

pal'lidus, Kitt 106

HYOS'ERIS

min'ima, Linn 788 127

HYPEKTCUM

ANDROS^TML'M, Linn. 264 143

Eng. Bot ed. i 265 145

Ang'licum, Bert 265 145

[barba'tmn, Jacq.] (ex-

cluded) 160

BCE'TICUM, Boiss. ...270 (bis) 153

CALYCI'NUM, Linn. ... 267 147

decip'iens, Wats 270 (bis) 153

decum'bens, Peterm 156

DU'BHM, Leers 269 151

var. niacula'tum,

Syme 151

ELATOI, Ait 265 145

ELO'DES, Linn 276 159

(j rand i folium, Chois 265 145

ElTRGTNUM, Linn 266 146

ELTBSUTUM, Linn 274 157

HUMIFU'SOI, Linn. ... 271 155

LINARIIFO'LHDI, Vill 272 156

lincola'tum, Joid 149

macula'tum, Bab. (olim) 151

microphyl'lnm, Jord 148

MONTA'NUM, Linn 275 158

PERFORATUM, Linn. 268 148

Joid 268 148

xn.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.

273

270
269

HYPEE'ICUM

perforatum, var. angusti-

fo'lium, Syme

PUL'CHRUM, Linn

guadran' gulum, " Linn.,"

Sm

"Linn.," Reich., Fries

var. €. undida'tum,

DC.? 270 (bis)

TETRAP'TERUM, Fries. 270

undula'tum, " Schousb.,-'

Reich 270 (his)

HYPOCHCEEIS

Balli8'ii,'Lois

GLA'BRA, Linn 789

var. Balbis'ii, Syme

MACULA'TA, Linn 791

RADICA'TA, Linn 7'JO

HYPOPI'TYS

gla'bra, Bernh 901

multiflo'ra, Scop

HYSSO'PUS

[officinalis, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded)

PAGE

VOL.

148

ii.

157

ii.

152

ii.

151

ii.

153

ii.

152

ii.

153

128

V

128

V

128

V

130

V

129

V

53

vi

53

vi

Iberide amere (Fr.)

IBE'EIS

AMA'RA, Linn

nudicau'lis, Linn

If commun (Fr.)

ILEX

AQUIFO'LIUM, Linn. ...

ILLECEBEUM

VERTICILLATUM,

Linn

Whorled

Immergriiner Buchsbaum (Ger.)

IMPATIENS

FUL'VA, Nutt

NOLI-ME-TAN'GERE,

Linn

PARVIFLO'RA, DC. ..

I»q>otiente-riy-touchez-pas(Fi.)
Impe'ratoire commune (Fr.)

BIPEBATO'BIA

Ostru'thium, Linn

Tnkarnat Klee (Ger.)

INULA

CONY'ZA,X»C.

CRITHMOI'DES, Linn.

DYSENTER'ICA, Linn.

HELE'NIUM, Linn

PULICA'RIA, Linn

SALKTNA, Linn

semianinlexicau'lis, /<'< ">■

Willow-leaved

86 vii.

208

149 207 i.

150 209 i
.... 278 viii'

316 219 ii.

1173 180 vii.
1173 181 vii.
95 viii.

314 217 ii.

313 216 ii.

315 218 ii.
217 ii.

151 iv.

611 150 iv.
45 iii.

767 99

769 101

770 102
766 97

771 103

768 100
100

768 1U0

272

EXGLISn BOTANY.

IV.

viii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

I'RIS

acorifor'mis, Bor 1495 145 ix.

Bastar'di, Bor 146 ix.

Foetid 1494 144 ix.

FffiTIDIS'SIMA, Linn.... 1494 143 ix.

var. citri'na, Syme 144 ix.

[Gcrnian'ica, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 155 ix.

Pseud-a'corus, Bor 145 ix.

PSEUD-A'CORUS, Linn. 1495 145 ix.

. var. acorifor'mis, Syme 1495 145 ix.

var. Bastar'di, Syme 146 ix.

[pu'mila, Linn.} (excluded) 155 ix.

[Susia'na, Willd.] (excluded) 155 ix.

TUBERO'SA, Linn 1496 147 ix.

Tuberous 1496 149 ix.

[xiphioi'des, Elirh.] (excluded)... 155 ix.

[Xiph'ium, Ehrh.] (excluded) ... 155 ix.

Yellow Water 1495 146 ix.

Iris faux-acore (Fr.) 146 ix.

gigot (Fr.) 144 ix.

tube'reux (Fr.) 149 ix.

Irish Buruet Rose 463 206 iii.

■ Hawkweed 838 182 v.

Heath 893 43 vi.

' (81-1

Mossy Saxifrage 558-562 i g3 >

Spurge 1257 103

ISA'TIS

TINCTO'RIA, Linn 161 222 i.

ISNAB'DIA

Marsh 510 27 iv.

palus'tris, Linn 510 27 iv

Isnardie des marais (Fr.) 27 iv.

ISOE'TES

Durise'i, Hook 1828 8 xii.

echinos'pora, Dur 1827 7 xii.

eu-lacus'tris, Syme 1826 4 xii.

Hys'trix, Bur 1828 8 xii.

LACUS'TRIS,Zmn. 1826, 1827 4 xii.

var. Mor'ei, Syme 1826* 5 xii.

Mor'ei, D. Moore 1826* 5 xii.

seta'cea, Del 7 xii.

vela'ta, A. Br 7 xii.

ISOL'EPIS

aciculu'ris, Schl 15S5 50 x.

fiu'itans, R. Br 1592 57 x.

Holoschce'nus, Rom. & Sch. 1595 61 x.

pygmas'a, Kunth 59 x.

Sa'viana, Kunth 1593 59 x.

Schult 1593 58 x.

Mini, Hook 1593 58 x.

seta'cea,~R. Br 1594 60 x.

Italian Catclifly 208 66 ii.

Cuckoo-pint 1393 16 ix.

Rye-grass 1815 187 xi.

Ttalienisches Eaygras (Ger.) 187 xi.

Ivraie d'ltalie (Fr.) 187 xi.

enivrante (Fr.) 188 xi,

vivace (Ex.) 186 xi

PLAT3 PAGE VOL.

Ivy Broom-rape 1015 199 vi.

Common 633 182 iv.

Ground 1055 41 vii.

Ivy-leaved Bell-flower 875 19 vi.

Cyclamen 1136-1138 141 vii.

Duckweed 1394 17 ix.

Lettuce 808 151 v.

Speedwell 970 150 vi.

Toadflax 955 134 vi.

Water Crowfoot 26 30 i.

IX' I A

Bulboco'dium, Sm 1492 140 ix.

Jack-by-the-Hedge 100 147 i.

Jacobs Baldgreis (Ger.) 85 v.

Jacob's Ladder 922 82 vi.

Joaquin's Alsine (Ger.) 115 ii.

Jasione de montagne (Fr.) 5 vi.

JASIO'NE

MOXTA'NA, Linn 863 4 vi.

Jonc a fleurs aigues (Fr.) 30 x.

obtuses (Fr.) 29 x.

a fruits lustre's (Fr.) 32 x.

a trois glumes (Fr.) 16 x.

pointes (Fr.) 14 x.

agglomere' (Fr.) 20 x.

aigu (Fr.) 18 x.

arctique (Fr.) 27 x.

bothnieus (Fr.) 37 x.

des terres argileuses (Fr.) 36 x.

diffus (Fr.) 25 x.

entete(Fr.) 34 x.

tfpars (Fr.) 21 x.

Jil if orme (Fr.) 27 x.

glauque (Fr.) 26 x.

maritime (Fr.) 19 x.

multiflore (Fr.) 10 x.

se'tace' (Fr.) 33 x.

Joubarbe des toits (Fr.) 61 iv.

JU'GLANS

[re'gia, Linn.'] (excluded) 261 viii.

Julienne des dames (Fr.) 151 i.

JUN'CUS

ACUTIFLOHUS, Ehrli. 1567 29 x.

var. macrocepk'alus,

Koch 30 x.

ACU'TUS, Linn 1558 17 x.

var. £, Linn 1559 18 x.

arc'ticus, Hook 1564 26 x.

arcua'tus, Wahl 1552 11 x.

arUcula'tus, Fries 1568 31 x.

Linn 1567 29 x.

BAL'TICUS, Willd 1564 26 x.

BIGLUTJilS, Linn 1557 16 x.

Bott'nicus, Wahl 1574 37 x.

breviros'tris, Nees 30 x.

bufo'nius, Bor 1572 35 x.

BUFO'NIUS, Linn. 1572, 1573 34 x.

INDEX.

273

PLATE PAGE VOL.

JUN'CUS

bufo'nius, var. fascicula'-

tus, Koch 1573

var. rana'rius, Syme

BULBO'SUS, Linn. 1574 & 1575

Sm 1575

cxno'sus, Bichen 1574

campes'tris, Linn 1551

var. 7, Linn 1550

CAPITA'TUS, Weig 1571

CASTA'NEUS, Sm 1555

COMMU'NIS, E. Mey.

1560 k 1561

compres'sus, Jacq 1575

var. a, Hook. & Am. 1 575

var. 0, Hook. & Am. 1574

conglomera'tus, Linn 1560

DIFFU'SUS, Hoppe 1562

effuso-glau'cus, Schn. et

Frickh 1562

effu'sus, Linn 1561

ericeto'rum, Poll 1571

fascicula'tus, Bert 1573

FILIFOR'MIS, Linn 1565

Fors'teri, Sm 1547

Gerar'di, Lois 1574

[Ges'neri, Sm.] (excluded)

GLAU'CUS, Sibth 1563

var. fi.diffu'sus, Hook.

& Am 1562

var. Ehrhar'ti, Hook.

& Am 1563

var. littora'lis, Wahl. 1564

[gracilis, Sm.] (excluded)

hyb'ridus, Bret 1573

lampocar'pus. SeeLAMPRO-

CARPUS.

LAMPROCAR'PUS,

Ehrh 1568 & 1569

D.Don 1568

var. nigritel'lus, Syme 1569

MARIT'IMUS, Sm 1559

max'imus, With 1549

nigritel'lus, D. Don 1569

Koch

OBTUSIFLO'RUS, Ehrh. 1566

pilo'sus, Linn 1548

polyceph'alus, Hook 1569

rana'rius, Soug. & Perr

[Smith' ii, Kunth] (excluded) . . .

spica'tus, Linn 1553

SQUARRO'SUS, Linn.... 1576

subverticilla'tus, Wulf.

SUPI'NUS, Monch 1570

var. Koch'ii, Bab

var. subverticilla'tus,

Syme

var. uligino'sus, Syme 1570

sylvat' icus, Huds 1549

Reicbard 1567

35
35
36
37
37

8

9
34
14

20
37
37
37
20
24

24
21
34
35
27
4
37
39
25

24

25
26
39
35

30
31
31
18

7
31
33
28

5
31
35
39
12
38
33
32
33

33
33

7
29

PLATE PAGE VOL

JUN'CUS

[ten'uis, Willd.] (excluded) 39 x.

TRIF'IDUS, Linn 1554 13 x.

TRIGLU'MIS, Linn 1556 15 x.

uligino'sus, Hook. & Am. 1570 32 x.

Sibth 1570 33 x.

Juniper, Alpine 1383 276

Common 13S2 274

JUNIP'EKUS

alpi'na,C\u3 1383 275

COMMU'NIS, Linn.l382& 1383 273

Willd 1382 273

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1382 273

var. na'na, Hook. &

Am 1383 275

eu-commu'nis, Syme 1382 273

na'na, Willd 1383 275

[Sabi'na, Linn.'] (excluded) 285

Jusquiame noire (Fr.) 107

vm.
viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
vi.

Kahles Ferkdkraid (Ger.)

Tausendkorn (Ger. ,)

Kahlstengelige Teesdalee (Ger.)

Kdlberkropf (Ger.)

Kalk-Kreuzblume (Ger.)

Kamm'dhriger Wachtehveizen (Ger.)...

Kammformige Kolerie (Ger.)

Kammformiger NadelJcerbel (Ger.) ...

Kanarien-Hirse (Ger.)

Kegelkelchiger Taubenkropf (Ger.)

Kelchfriichtiges Schildkraut (Ger.)

Kidney Vetch, Common 333

Kiefer (Ger.)

Kingcup 33

King's-taper 937

Klapperrose (Ger.)

Klatschmohn (Ger.)

Klebriger Baldgreis (Ger.)

Klee Seide (Ger.)

Kleinbldttiger Schotemoeiderich

(Ger.)

Kleinblumige Galinsoge (Ger.)

Kleinblumiger Steinklee (Ger.)

Kleinblumiges Wollkraid (Ger.)

KleinUiithige Erdrauch (Ger.)

Kleinbliithiger Ganserich (Ger.)

Kleinbluthiges Knabenkraid (Ger.) ...

— Springkraut (Ger.)

Kleine Butterblume (Ger.)

Klapper (Ger.)

Klauenschote (Ger.)

Salbei (Ger.)

Simse (Ger.)

Sommerivurz (Ger.)

Wolfsmilch (Ger.)

Kleiner Ampfer (Ger.)

Baldrian (Ger.)

Frauenflachs (Ger.)

129 v.

179 vii.

209 i.

106 iv.

40 ii.

184 vi.

89
172

21 xi.

59 ii.

197 i.

20 iii.

265 viii.

39 i.

Ill vi.

xi.
iv.

i.
v.

vi.

88
82
93

12

96

33
111
115
152

93
218

39
181

78

44 vii.

57 x.
200 vi.
112 viii.

57 viii.
239 iv.
144 vi.

vi.

iii.

274

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Kleiner Knolerich (Gcr.)

Schildtriiger (Ger.)

Wasserhelm (Ger.)

Kleines Lammkraut (Ger.)

Samkraut

Wintergrun (Ger.)

Kleiniste Ingelskolbe (Ger.)

Wasserlinse (Ger.)

Kleinster Schneckenklee (Ger.)

Kleinstes Schimmelkraut (Ger.)

Kletterndes Lablcraut (Ger.)

KNAP'PIA

agrostid'ea, Sm 1689

Knapweed, Black, var. a 706

, var. 0 707

Brown-rayed 705

Greater 708

73

viii.

49

vii.

128

Vll.

12?

v.

51

ix.

50

vi.

8

ix.

22

ix.

28

iii.

71

v.

226

iv.

KNAU'TIA

arven'sis, Coult 679

Knawel, Common... 1174, var. ft 1175

Perennial 1176

Knoblauchduf tender Gamander

(Ger.)

7 xi.

32 v.

32 v.
31 v.

33 v.

252 iv.

182 vii.

183 vii.

Knoblauchkraut (Ger.)

Knollentragende Kratzdistel (Ger.)

Knollentragender Kummel (Ger.)

— Steinbrcch (Ger.) ...

Knollentragendes Madesiiss (Ger.)

Knopf grasartige Simse (Ger. )

Knotenbinse (Ger.)

Knotenbluthiger Scheiberich (Ger.)

Knotenfruchtiger Haftdolde (Ger.)

Knotgrass, Common 1229-1231

Kay's 1232

Sea 1233

Knotige Braunwurz (Ger.)

Sagine (Ger.)

83

Vll.

147

i.

14

v.

113

iv.

78

iv.

129

iii.

62

X.

36

X.

101

iv.

165

iv.

Knotted Hedge-Parsley 621

Spurrey 251

KOBRESIA

carici'na, Willd 1609

Sedgelike 1609

Kobre'sie carex (Ft.)

KOELERTA

albescens, DC

arena'ria, Dum

CRISTA'TA, Pers 1746

crista'ta, Bor 1746

var. albes'cens, Stjme

var. grac'ilis, Syme... 1746

var. vulga'ris, Syme 1746

grac'ilis, Bor 1746

Koelerie a crete (Fr.)

Kohl (Ger.)

Kohlartige Saudistel (Ger.)

KOHLBAU'SCHIA

prolif'era, Kunth 196

KO'NIGA

marit'ima, E. Brown 140

64 viii.

69 viii.

70 viii.
124 vi.
126 ii.
165 iv.
126 ii.

77 x.

77 x.

77 x.

89
89
88
88
89
89
89
88
89
130
153

51 ii.

197 i.

Konrad's Kraut (Ger.)

Kopfbliithige Blnse (Gcr.) ,

Korb-Weide (Ger.)

Korn Bade (Ger.)

Kornblume (Ger.)

Krdhenfussartiger Wegerich (Ger.).

Kratzbeere (Ger.)

Krause Distel (Ger.)

Krauser-Ampfer (Ger.)

Krauses Samkraut (Ger.)

Krautartige Weide (Ger.)

Krautartiges Glasschnalz (Ger.) .

Kreichende Goody ere (Ger.) , .

Weide (Ger.)

m.
v.

Kreuz- Kraut (Ger.)

Labkraut (Ger.)

Kreuzblattrige Wolfsmilch (Ger.)
Kriechender Gdnserich (Ger.) ...

Giinsel (Ger.)

Kugelranunkel (Ger. )

Kukuks Krauzrade (Ger.)

KurzgeMelte Zannichellie (Ger.)
Kurzhaarige Segge (Ger.)

PAGE VOL.

144 ii.

34 x.
224 viii.

74 ii.

34 v.

174 vii.

197

9

50 viii.

44 ix.

260 viii.

7 viii.

119 ix.

248 viii.

80 v.
214 iv.
113
149

78

54

71

57
163

vui.

Lachenal'8 Pferdesaat (Gcr.) ...

Lack (Ger.)

Lackviole (Ger.)

LACTU'CA

MURA'LIS, Fresen

SALIG'NA, Linn

var. runcina'ta, Gr. &

Godr

SCARl'OLA, Linn

VIKO'SA, Linn

Ladies'-finger

Smock

Hairy-leaved . . .

Impatient-podded

Meadow

808
807

— Tresses, Autumnal ....,

Creeping

— Summer

Three-ranked

Lady-fern

Alpine

Dwarf Alpine

Flexile

806

805

333

108

110

112

109

1472

1475

1473

1474

1869

1870

1871

Lady 's-man tie, Alpine ....

Common .

Field ....

~ Silvery....

■ Slipper, Common.

LAGU'EUS

OVATUS, Linn

Laitron des Alpes (Fr.)

des champs (Fr.)

des lieux cultives (Fr.)...

des marais (Fr.)

rudetji:)

425
423

?422
424

1490

1712

128
154
154

150
149

150
148
145
20
158
160
162
159
116
119
116
118
108
113
112
115
141
138
137
140
136

39
152
155
153
157
154

iv.
i.

v.
v.

iii.

l.

ix.

ix.

ix.

ix.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

iii.

iii.

iii.

iii.

INDEX.

275

PLATE PAGE

Laitue des murs (Fr.) 151

effilee(Fr.) 150

sauvage (Fr.) 148

vireuse (Fr.) 146

Lamb's-Lettuce, Carinated 670 241

Common 669 240

Hairy-fruited 673 244

Narrow-fruited 672 243

Sharp-fruited 671 242

Lamb-toe ? 333 20

Lamier blame (Fr.) 75

d&oupe' (Fr.) 72

embrassant (Fr.) 70

jaune (Fr.) 77

pourpre (Fr.) 73

tacluf (Fr.) 74

LABIUM

AL'BUM, Linn 1086 74

var. 0, Hook. & Am. 1085 73

■ AMPLEXICAU'LE, Linn. 1081 69

var. Benth 1082 70

confer' turn, Fries 1083 71

GALEOB'DOLON, Crantz 1087 76

hirsu'turn, Lam 1085 73

hyb'ridum, Yill 1083 71

INCI'SUM, Willd 1083 71

INTERME'DIUM, Fries 10S2 70

MACULA'TUM, Linn. ... 1085 73

PURPU'REUM, Linn. ... 1084 72

var. decip'iens, Sond 72

ru'brum, Wallr 1085 73

rugo'sum, Ait 1085 73

LAMPB0THA31'NUS

aleopecuroi'des, A. Braun... 1909 193

LAMPSA'NA

commu'nis, DC 787 125

Lampsane commune (Fr.) 126

minima (Fr.) 127

Lancashire Asphodel 1542 222

Land-Schilf (Ger.) 54

Langestielte Zannichellie (Fr.) 57

Langliches Samkraut-gewachse

(Ger.) 29

Langwurzeliges Ferkelkraut (Ger.) 130

Lanzettliche Kratzdistel (Ger.) 11

Lanzettlicher Schotenweiderich

(Ger.) 14

Wegerich (Ger.) 171

Lanzettliches Schilf (Ger.) 55

LAPPA

ma'jor, Gartn 699 23

mi'nor, Lam 700-702 24

officinalis, All 699 23

LAPPA'GO

[racemo'sa, Willd.] (excluded)... 203

Lappldndische Weide (Ger.) 253

LAPSA'NA

COMMU'NIS, Linn 787 125

2msiria, Willd 788 127

VOL.
V.
V.
V.
V.
IV.

iv.

iv.

u.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

IX.

xi.

vu.
xi.

99

ii.

99

ii.

63

i.

64

i.

61

xii.

87

xii.

84

xii.

48

xii.

70

xii.

84

xii.

70

xii.

76

xii.

73

xii.

70

xii.

70

xii.

82

xii.

85

xii.

84

xii.

TLATE PAGE VOL.

LABBBM'A

aquat'ica, Ser 227 91 ii.

LABBBE'A

aquat'ica, St. Hil 233

uligino'sa, Reich 233

Larkspur, Branching 47

Wild 47

LAS'TEEA

abbrevia'Ui, Wollaston

iE'MULA, Brackenridge 1858

alpi'na, Moore 1S57

ca Ica'rea, Bory 1846

Cuftip'tem, Newm 1853

colli'na, Bab 1857

CRISTA'TA, Presl 1S53

var. spinulo'sa, Moore 1855

var. uligino'sa, Moore 1854

crista' turn, F. Moore 1S53

var. Callip'teris,H.ook 1853

DILATA'TA, Presl 1857

var. alpi'na, Moore

var. colli'na, Bab

var. dumeto'rum,

Moore

var. glandulo'sa,

Moore 1856

var. lepido'ta, Moore

var. tanacetifo'lia,

Moore

Dryop'teris, Bory 1845

dumeto'rum, Moore 1857

FI'LIX-MAS, Presl 1850

var. abbrevia'ta, Bab

var. am ' nis, Bab

var. Bor'reri, Bab

var. inci'sa, Moore

var. palea'cea, Moore

var. pu'mila, Moore

var. subin'tegra,

Moore

Foznise'cii, Watson 1858

GLANDULO'SA, Newm. 1S5G

lepido'ta, Moore 1S57

monta'na, Newm 1S49

multiflo'ra, Newm 1857

var. na'na, Newm

OREOP'TERIS, Presl ... 1849

palus'tris, J. S. Wilde 1S48

Phegop'teris, Bory 1847

84 xii.

80 xii.

85 xii.

84 xii.
46 xii.
84 xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

57
61
59
59

59

59 xii.

60 xii.

xn.
xii.
xii.

propin qua,

Wollaston "

pseu'do-mas, Wollast

recur' va, Newm 1858

REMO'TA, Moore 1852

RIG'IDA, Presl 1851

Bobertia'na, Newm 1846

rufid'ula, Presl 1862

spino'sa, Newm 1855

SPINULO'SA, Presl 1855

. var. decip'iens, Syme

62
87
80

84 xii.
54 xii.
82 xii.
84 xii.
54 xii.
52 xii.
50 xii.
61 xii.
59 xii.
87 xii.
67 xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.

65

48
98
76
76

276

ENGLISH BOTANY.

101

iii.

99

iii.

103

iii.

107

iii.

110

iii.

111

iii.

109

iii

109

iii

110

iii

14

iii.

102

iii

108

iii

104

iii

106

iii

105

iii

PLATE PAGE VOL.

LASTREA

spinulo'sa, var. eleva'tum,

Syme 78 xii.

var. exalta'turn, Syme 78 xii.

tanacetifo'lia, Moore 1857 84 xii.

THELYP'TERIS, Presl... 1848 52 xii.

ULIGINO'SA, Neicm 1854 73 xii.

Late Spider Orchis 1468 112 ix.

LATHR^E'A

SQUAMA'RIA, Linn. ... 1006 189 vi.

LATH'YRUS

APH'ACA, Linn 397

bithyriicus, Lam 396

HIRSU'TUS, Linn 399

LATIFO'LIUS, Linn. ... 403

MACRORRHI'ZUS.TFmm. 406

var. tenuifo'lius, Syme Ill

MARIT'IMUS, Big 405

var. aeutifo'lius, Bab 109

monta'nus, Bernh 406

NI'GER, Wimm 407

NISSO'LIA, Linn 398

PALUS'TRIS, Linn 404

PRATEN'SIS, Linn 400

SYLVES'TRTS, Linn. ... 402

TUBERO'SUS, Linn 401

Lauchbldttrige Haferwurx (Ger.) 141 v.

Laurel, Spurge 1247 87 viii.

LAVATE'RA

ARBO'REA, Linn 279 165 ii.

Lavatere en arbre (Ft.) 165 ii.

Lavender, Great Sea 1156 & 1157 161 vii.

Lesser Sea 1159 165 vii.

Matted Sea 1161 166 vii.

Remote-flowered Sea 1158 163 vii.

Lederblattrige Rose (Ger.) 221 iii.

LEDUM

[palus'tre, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 54 vi.

Leek, Sand 1532 208 ix.

Wild 1530 & 1531 206 ix.

LEER'SIA

ORYZOI'DES, Soland, ... 1686 2 xi.

Le'ersie iifleurs de riz (Ft.) 3 xi.

Leinkraut (Ger.) 112 v.

LEM'NA

ARRHI'ZA, Linn 1398 24 ix.

GIB'BA, Linn 1396 22 ix.

MI'NOR, Linn 1395 21 ix.

POLYRRHI'ZA, Linn. ... 1397 23 ix.

TRISUL'CA, Linn 1394 17 ix.

Lenticule a plusieurs racines (Fr.) 24 ix.

gonfle'e (Fr.) 23 ix.

naine (Ft.) 22 ix.

prolifere (Ft.) 17 ix.

LEONTODON

AUTUMXA'LIS, Linn.

794 & 795 134 v.
var. prateua'is, Koch 795 134 v.

PLATE PAGE

LEON'TODON

has'tilis, var. vulga'ris,

Koch 793 133

HIR'TUS, Linn 792 131

HIS'PIDUS, Linn 793 133

palus'tre, Sm 804 143

proteifur'mis, var. vulga'ris,

Gr. & Godr 793 133

Tarax'acum, Linn 802-804 142

Sm 802 142

LEONU'RUS

CARDI'ACA, Linn 1080 68

Leopard's-bane, Great 761 91

Plantain-leaved 762 92

LEPIDTUM

CAMPES'TRE, R. Broum. 156 216

did'ymum, Linn 159 220

DRA'BA, Linn 158 218

heterophyl'lum 0. canes' cens,

Gr. &Godr 157 217

[hir'tum, Linn.'] (excluded) 224

Sm., in part 157 217

LATIFO'LIUM, Linn. ... 153 213

petne'um, Linn 151 210

RUDERA'LE, Linn 154 214

SATI'VUM, Linn 155 215

SMITH'II, Hook 157 217

LEPIG'ONUM

margina'tum, Koch 257 131

mari'num, "Wahl 257 131

me'dium, Fries 130

neglec'tum, Kindb 255 129

and 130

ru'brum, Fries 254 129

rupes'tre, Kindb 256 132

sali'num, Kindb 130

LEPTU'RUS

FILIFOR'MIS, Trin 1818 189

[incurva'tus, Trin.] (ex-

cluded) 203

fr.filifor'mis, Bab. ... 1818 189

Lerchenspom (Ger.) 102

Lettuce, Ivy-leaved 808 151

Least 807 150

Prickly 806 148

Strong-scented 805 146

LE UCAN' THEMUM

Chamxme'lum, Lam 719 48

Parthen'ium, Gr. & Godr. 715 43

vulga're, Lam 714 41

LEUCOTUM

mSTYYTJM., Linn 1505 164

YER'NUM, Linn 1506 165

LIBANO'TIS

monta'na, All 602 137

vulga'ris, DC 602 137

Liclttnclkcnartiges Wollkraut

(Ger.) 114

Liebstbckel (Ger.) 139

INDEX.

277

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Liegende Sieglingie (Ger.) 87 xi.

Liegendes ScMangenatigh in (Ger.) 121 vii.

Lierre grimpant (Fr.) 182 iv.

terrestre (Fr.) 41 vii.

LIGUS'TICUM

Me'um.DC 605 141 iv.

SCOT'ICUM, Lima 603 138 iv.

Lignstique Levesche (Fr.) 139 iv.

LIGUS'TBOI

YULGA'EE, Linn 904 CO vi.

LILTOI

MAB'TAGOX, Linn 1518 187 ix.

pompo'nium, Bab 1517 186 ix.

PYEEXA'ICUM, Gouan 1517 186 ix.

Lily, Least Water 56 80 i.

— -of the Valley 1514 181 ix.

Purple Martagon 1518 188 is.

WhiteWater 53 77 i.

Yellow Martagon 1517 187 ix.

Water 55 79 i.

Lime, Common 2S6 174 ii.

Large-leaved 285 173 ii.

Small-leaved 287 177 ii.

Limestone-Fern 1S46 4S xii.

Polypody 1846 48 xii.

Limewort 196 52 ii.

LIMXAX'THEMUM

NYMPELEOI'DES, Link. 921 80 vi.

LIMNETIS

pun'gens, Pers 1687 4 xi.

LniNOCHLO'A

acicuJa'ris, Eeich 15S5 50 x.

Bseotkry'on, Fieich 1589 54 x.

csespito'sa, Beich 1590 55 x.

par' vula, Reich 1591 56 x.

LBIOSEL'LA

AQUAT'ICA, Link 968 146 vi.

Limoselle aquaMque (Ft.) 147 vi.

Lin a feuittes e'troites (Fr.) 184 ii.

cidtive Fr.) 185 ii.

purgatif (Er.) 181 ii.

usud (Fr.) 185 ii-

vivace (Er.) 183 n.

Linaigrettealargesgaines(Fr.) 72 x.

— a pe'doncules lisses (Fr.) ... 74 x.

. ■ pubescent*

(Fr.) 75 x.

rudes

(Fr.) 76 x.

des Alpes (Fr.) 71 x.

Linaire a racine rarnpante (Fr.) 140 vi.

■ commune (Fr.) 142 vi.

coucMe (Fr.) 137 vi.

cymbalai re (Fr.) 134 vi.

dela pe'lissier (Fr.) 138 vi.

Elatijie (Ft.) 135 vL

naine (Fr.) 144 vi.

pur purine (Fr.) 139 vi.

velrote (Fr.) 136 vi.

VOL. XII.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

LINA'EIA

CYMBALA'EIA, MOL... 955 133 vi.

dalma'tica, Mill 142 vi.

ELATTNE, Mill 956 134 vi.

[jun'cea, DC] (excluded) 188 vi.

[Losel'ii, Schweg.] (excluded) .. . 188 vi.

MI'XOE, Desf. 966 143 vi.

PELISSEEIA'XA. Mill. 959 138 vi.

PTJRPU'BEA, Mill 960 138 vi.

RETENS,JfiH 961 139 vi.

St'pium, Allm 965 142 vi.

[Spar'tia, Soffm.'] (ex-

cluded) 187 vi.

specio'sa, Ten 964 141 vi.

SPU'EIA, Mill 957 135 vi.

8/rm'ta, DC 961 139 vi.

SUPI'XA, Desf. 958 137 vi.

vulga'ri-re'pens, Syme 965 142 vi.

VULGARIS, MB 962-965 140 vi.

latifolia, Bab 964 141 vi.

Pelo'ria 963 142 vi.

Ling, Common 894 44 vi.

LLNN^IA

BOEEA'LIS, Gronov 644 209 iv.

Two-flowered 644 210 iv.

Linne'e du nord (Fr.) 210 iv.

LINOSY'BIS

vulga'ris, Cass 777 112 v.

LTNOI

alpi'num, Jacq 183 h.

ang'licum, Mill 290 182 ii.

ANGUSTIFO'LIUM.

Ends 291 183 ii.

austri'acum, Linn 1S3 ii.

CATHAE'TICUM, Linn. 289 181 ii.

crepitans, Durnort 184 ii.

hu'mile, Mill 184 ii.

Leo'nii, F. Schultz 183 ii.

PEEEX'XE, Linn 290 182 ii.

var. ang'licum,

Planch 290 182 ii.

Radi'ola, Linn 28S 179 ii.

USITATIS'SIMUM.

Linn 292 1S4 ii.

var. crepitans, Bab 184 ii.

Liondent d'automne (Fr.) 135 v.

hispide (Fr.) 133 v.

LIPAEIS

LOESELTI, Rich 14SS 133 ix.

Liquorice Vetch 377 76 in.

. Wild 331 18 iii.

Liseron des champs (Fr.) 85 vi.

des haies (Fr.) 87 vi.

solda nelle (Fr.) SS vi.

LIS'TEEA

COEDA'TA, Br 1476 120 ix.

ni'dus-a'vis, Huok 1478 122 ix.

OVA'TA, Br 1477 120 ix.

O

278

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGB

LITHOSPERMUM

AEVEN'SE, Linn 1102 96

marit'imum, Lehm 1099 93

OFFICTNA'LE, Linn. ... 1101 95

PURPU'REO-C^IRU'-

LEUM, Linn 1100 91

LITTOEEL'LA

LACUS'TRIS, Linn 1159 174

LittoreUe des lacs (Ft.) 175

Live-long 526 49

Lizard Orchis 1448 91

LLOYDTA

Mountain 1521 192

SEROTTNA, Reich 1521 192

LOBE'LIA

Acrid 862 4

DORTMAN'NA, Linn. ... 861 2

speciosa, [a mistake for

L. Erinus, Linn.] 4

U'RENS, Linn 862 3

Water 861 2

Lobe'lie brulante (Fr.) 4

Lobe'lie de Dortmann (Fr.) 2

LOBULA'BIA

marit'ima, Desv 140 197

LockerblutMge Segge (Ger.) 135

Lockerbluthiges Knabenkraut (Ger.) ... 99

Lbtfelkresse (Ger.) 185

LOG'FIA

Gal'lica, Coss. & Germ. ... 740 71

subula'ta, Cass 740 71

LOISELEUEIA

PROCUM'BENS, Desv.... 884 32

LO'LIUM

arven'se, With 1817 187

Boucliednum, Kunth 1815 186

eu-peren'ne, Syme 1814 185

festuca'ceum, Link 1792 183

Ital'icum, Braun 1815 186

[linic'ola, Sond.'] (ex- 188,'

eluded) 202

[multiflo'rurn, Lam.~\ (ex-

cluded) 202

PEREN'NE, L. ...1814 & 1815 1S5

var. tenue, Syme 185

robus'tum, Reich 1S17 187

TEMULEN'TUM, L. ... 1816

& 1817 1S7

Sm 1816 187

var. arvense, Syme ... 1817 187

tcn'ue, Linn 185

LOMA'EIA

[alpi'na, Spreng.'] (ex-

cluded) 148

borealAs, Link 1885 143

SPrCAUT.Desw 1885 143

London Pride, Andrews' 549 72

Common 547 71

Hairy 546 70

TLATE PAGE VOL.

VL1.

vii.

vii.

vii.
vii.

x.

ix.

xn.
xii.
xii.
iv.

iv.
iv.

London Pride, Kidney-leaved.

513-545

Rocket 99

LONIC'ERA

[alpig'ena, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded)

CAPRIFO'LIUM, Linn. 641

pallida, Host 641

PERICLYM'ENOI,

Linn 642

XYLOS'TEUM, Linn. ... 643

Loosestrife, Ciliated 1143

Common

Punctate 1142

Purple 491

Tufted 1140

LOPHO'DIUM

Callip'teris, Newm 1853

colli 'num, Newm

Fi'Ux-mas, Newm 1850

Fcenise'cii, Newm 1858

fra! grans, Newm 1851

gland ulif'erum 1856

glandulo'sum, Newm 1856

multiflo'rurn, Newm 1857

no! num, Newm

recur'vum, Newm 1858

rig'idum, Newm 1851

spino'sum, Newm 1855

uligino'sum, Newm 1854

LOBOGLOS'SUN

hirci'num, Rich 144S

LoseVs Glanzkraut (Ger.)

Lotier cornicule (Fr.)

diffus (Fr.)

hispide (Fr.)

LOTUS

ANGUSTIS'SIMUS,

Linn 371 & 372

Koch 371

var. a, Benth 371

var. liis'pidus, Benth. 372

var. ma'jor, Hook. &

Arn

— — var. mi' nor, Hook. &

Arn

CORNICULA'TUS, Linn.

368 & 369

Koch 36S

vars. a and /3, Hook.

& Arn 368

vars. a, £, and y,

Bab 368

vars. b and c, Bentk. 368

var. crassifolius, Syme

var. ma'jor, Benth.... 370

var. tenuifo'lius, Hook.

&Arn 369

var. ten'uis, Benth.... 369

var. villosus, Syme

69

iv.

146

l.

210

iv.

205

iv.

206

iv.

206

iv.

208

iv.

148

vii.

145

vii.

147

vii.

3

iv.

144

vii.

70

xii.

84

xii.

57

xii.

88

xii.

65

xii.

80

xii.

80

xii.

82

xii.

84

xii.

88

xii.

65

xii.

77

xii.

73

xii.

90

ix.

134

ix.

66

hi.

69

iii.

70

hi.

6S

iii

69

iii

69

iii

69

iii

372 69 iii.

371 69 iii.

65

65

65

65
65
65
67

67
67
65

INDEX.

279

65

in.

67

in.

69

in.

65

iii.

69

iii.

69

iii.

67

iii.

68

iii.

68

iii.

67

iii.

67

iii.

67

iii.

180

VI.

179

vi.

139

iv.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

LOTUS

cornicula'tus, var. vulgaris,

Syme 368

decumbens, Forst 369

diifu'sus, Sm 371

eu-coruicula'tus, Syme 368

grac'ilis, Waldst. & Kit. ... 371

his'pidus, Deaf. 372

MA'JOR, Scop 370

var. hirsutus, Syme... 370

var. subglaber, Syme

tenuifo'lius, Reich 369

teu'uis, Kit 369

uligino'sus, Schkiihr 370

Lousewort, Procumbent 997

Upright 996

Lovage, Sea 603

Lihcenfuss (Ger.) 138

Loydie tardive (Fr.) 192

Lucerne, Common 334 22

Fries' 335 23

Yellow 336 21

Lucerne (Fr.) 22

en fancille (Fr.) 24

denticuUe (Fr.) 27

lupuline (Fr.) 25

naine (Fr.) 28

tacMe (Fr.) 28

LU'CIOLA

See Luzdla.
LUDWIGTA

PALUS'TRIS, Elliot 510 27

Lungwort, Common 1098 93

Narrow-leaved 1097 92

Luzerne (.Ger.) 22

LU'ZULA

ARCUA'TA, Hook 1552 11

Bor'reri, Bromf. 5

CAMPES'TRIS, DC. 1551 8

var. 0, Hook. & Am. 1550 9

var. congesta, Syme 8

var. umbellata, Syme 8

conges'ta, Lej 1550 9,10

FORS'TERI, DC 1547 4

MAXIMA, DC. 1549 7

multiflo'ra, Koch 1550 9

Lej 10

var. congesta, Syme 10

var. nigricans, Koch 10

var. Sudetica, Syme 10

var. umbellata, Syme 10

[niv'ea, DC] (excluded) 39

PILO'SA, Willd 1548 5

var. Bor'reri, Syme 5

SPICA'TA, DC. 1553 12

Sudet'ica, DC 10

SYLVA'TICA, Bichen ... 1549 7

verna'lis, DC 154S 5

Luzule a larges feuilles (Fr.) 7

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Luzule de Forster (Fr.)..

des champs (Fr.)

en dpi (Fr.)

m.
iii.
iii.

iv.
vii.
vii.
iii.

— poilue (Fr.).

Lychnide des Alpes (Fr.)

diotque (Fr.)

laciniCe (Fr.)

nielle (Fr.)

rouge (Fr.)

visqueuse (Fr.)

LYCHNIS

ALPI'NA, Linn 214

dio'ica, Linn 210

did tea, flore al'bo, Smith... 210

flore ru'bro, Smith... 211

Sibth 211

FLOS-CUCU'LI, Linn. ... 212

GITHA'GO, Lam 215

praten'sis, Spreng 210

Smooth 212

vesperti'na, Sib 210

VISC ARIA, Linn 213

LYCHNOTHAM'NUS

alopecuroi'des, H. & J.

Groves 1909

stel'liger, A. Braun 1910

Wallroth'ii, Wahlst 1909

Lyciet de Barbarie (Fr.)

LYCTUM

BAR'BARUM, Linn 933

Lycope d' Europe (Fr.)

LYCOPO'DIUM

ALPI'NUM, Linn 1834

[an'ceps, Wallr.] (excluded)

ANNOT'INUM, Linn. ... 1832

[cliamsecyparissus, A. Br.]

(excluded)

CLAVA'TUM, Linn 1833

[complana'tum, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded)

INUNDA'TUM, Linn. ... 1831

juniperifo'lium, DC 1832

SELA'GO, Linn 1830

var. recur' vum, Syme

var. vulga'tum, Syme 1830

selaginoi'des, Linn 1S29

LYCOFSIS

arven'sis, Linn HH

LY'COPUS

EUROP^E'US, Linn 1019

Lynie-grass, Sand 1819

Lys des Fyre'ne'es (Fr.)

- martagon (Fr.)

LYSLMACHIA

CILIA'TA, Linn 1143

NEM'ORUM, Linn H45

. NUMMULA'RIA, Linn. 1144

puncta'ta, Jacq HI2

PUNCTA'TA, Linn 1142

5
9

12

6

73

68
71

74
70

72

73
67
67
69
69
71
74
67
71
67
72

193 xii.

195 xii.

193 xii.

99 vi.

9S vi.

3 vii.

17 xii.

18 xii.

15 xii.

18 xii.

16 xii.

18 xii.

14 xii.

15 xii.

12 xii.

13 xii.
12 xii.
10 xii.

109 vii.

2
191
187

188

vii.
xi.
ix.
ix.

147 vii.
149 vii.

148 vii.
146 vii.
146 vii.

280

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATB PAGE VOL.

LYSIMA'CHIA

puncta'ta.var.vcrtieilla'ta, Syme 146 vii.

[quadrifo'lia, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 156 vii.

THYKSIFLO'RA, Linn. 1140 143 vii.

verticilla'ta, Bieb 146 vii.

VULGA'RIS, Linn 1141 144 vii.

var. punrta'ta, Benth. 1142 146 vii.

I/ysimaque a bouquets (Fr.) 144 vii.

commune (Fr.) 145 vii.

fifes hois (Fr.) 150 vii.

numrmdaire (Fr.) 149 vii.

ponctue'e (Fr.) 147 vii.

LYTH'EUM

altemifo'lium, Lorey 3 iv.

HYSSOPIFO'LIA, Linn. 492 3 iv.

hyssopifo'lium, Sib 492 3 iv.

SALICA'RIA, Linn 491 2 iv.

Maceron (Fr.) 177 iv.

Marhe a fruit velu (Fr.) 244 iv.

commune (Fr.) 240 iv.

de Morison (Fr.) 243 iv.

en Nacelle (Fr.) 241 iv.

oriellette (Fr.) 242 iv.

Madder, Blue Field 663 232 iv.

Wild 645 212 iv.

Madwort, German 1120 120 vii.

Large-calyxed 139 197 i.

MAIAN'THEMUM

bifo'lium, DC 1510 175 ix.

Maiden Pink 192 47 ii.

Maidenhair 1887 146 xii.

Annual 1843 42 xii.

Spleen wort 1878 131 xii.

NALA'CHIUM

aquat'icum, Fries 227 91 ii.

MALAXTS

Losel'ii,Sw 1488 133 ix.

PALUDO'SA, Sio 1489 135 ix.

Malaxis des marais (Fr.) 135 ix.

MALCOL'MIA

[marit'ima. B. Broicn~] (ex-

cluded) 224 i.

Male-fern 1850 57 xii.

Peony, Eutire-leaved 50 69 i.

Shield-fern 1850 57 xii.

Mallow, Common 281 167 ii.

Dwarf 282 169 ii.

Erect 284 170 ii.

Hispid 277 163 ii.

leaved Bramble 194 iii.

Marsh 278 163 ii.

Musk 280 166 ii.

Small-flowered 2S3 170 ii.

Tree 279 165 ii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

MA'LUS

acer'ba, Merat 489 255 iii.

cmnmu'nis, Poir 490 256 iii.

MALTA

BOEEA'LIS, Wall 283 169 ii.

MOSCHA'TA, Linn 280 166 ii.

parviflo'ra, Huds 283 169 ii.

jmsil'la, Sm 283 169 ii.

ROTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn. 282 168 ii.

Fries 283 169 ii.

SYLVES'TRIS, £*'«». ... 281 167 ii.

VERTICILLA'TA,

Linn 284 170 ii.

rulga'ris, Fries 282 168 ii.

Ten 281 167 ii.

Man Orchis 1447 87 ix.

Mandelbliittrige Weide (Ger.) 216 viii.

Wolfsmilch (Ger.) ... 106 viii.

Mannliches Kndbenkraut (Ger.) 98 ix.

Maple, Common 321 233 ii.

Great 320 231 ii.

leaved Goosefoot 1193 18 viii.

Mare's-tail, Common 516 34 iv.

Marigold, Corn 713 40 v.

Marsh 41 52 i.

Marjoram, Common 1045 30 vii.

Marl Grass 347 39 iii.

Marram 1722 52 xi.

Mar rube commun (Fr.) 51 vii.

MAEEU'BIUM

VULGA'RE,ii7in 1064 51 vii.

Martagon Lily, Purple 1518 188 ix.

Yellow 1517 187 ix.

MABU'TA

Cot'ula,J)C 720 49 v.

Massette a feuilles etroites (Fr.) 4 ix.

largesfi uillcs (Fr.) 3 ix.

Massholder (Ger.) 233 ii.

Master-wort 611 151 iv.

Mat-grass 1814 19S xi.

Matricaire camomille (Fr.) 48 v.

MATRICARIA

Chamomil'la. Linn 719 48 v.

inodo'ra, Linn 717 46 v.

var. a, Bab 717 46 v.

var. marit'ima, Bab. 718 47 v.

marit'ima, Linn 718 48 v.

Parthen'ium, Linn 715 43 v.

MATTHI'OLA

INCA'NA, B. Brown 105 152 i.

SINUA'TA, B. Brown ... 104 152 i.

MattUole (Fr.) 151 i.

hlanchdtre (Fr.) 153 i.

sinue'e (Fr.) 152 i.

Matter Gunsefuss (Ger.) 17 viii.

Habichtskraut (Ger.) 192 v.

LatticJi (Ger.) 151 v.

Maure musgue'e (Fr.) 166 n.

r sauvage (Fr.) 167 "•

INDEX.

281

PLATE PAOE VOL.

Mause Gerste (Ger.) 195 xi.

Mauseschicanz (Ger.) 15 i.

Mauseschwanz-Schicingel (Ger.) 142 xi.

May ?479 237 iii.

?480 238 iii.

Flower 109 159 i.

Mni/mmen (Ger.) 84 i.

Mayweed, Scentless, var. a 717 47 v.

var. £ 718 47 v.

Stinking 720 50 v.

Meadow Rout 41 52 i.

Rue, Alpine 2 4 i.

Koch's 6 7 i.

Lesser, var. a 3 5 l.

Lesser, var. £ 4 5 i.

Stone 7 8 i.

Yellow 8 10 i.

Zigzag 5 6 i.

sweet 415 127 iii.

Meal-tree 640 204

Me'conopside de Galles (Fr.) 94 i.

MECONOP'SIS

CAM'BRICA, Vig 63 94 i.

MEDICA'GO

apicula'ta, Willd 26 iii.

DENTICULA'TA, Benth. 338 26 iii.

denticula'ta, Willd 338 26 iii.

var. apicula'ta, Syme 26 iii.

var. vulga'ris, Syme 338 26 iii.

eu-falca'ta, Syme 336 24 iii.

FALCATA, £/«».... 335 & 336 336 iii.

Fries 336 24 iii.

var. j3, Hook. & Arn. 335 23 iii.

var. versicolor, Wallr. 335 23 iii.

falca'to-sati'va, Gr. & Godr. 335 23 iii.

LUPULI'NA, Linn 337 24 iii.

MACULA'TA, Sibth 339 27 iii.

me'dia, Pers 22,23 iii.

MINIMA, Lam 340 28 iii.

[inurica'ta, Willd.'] (ex-

cluded) 112 iii.

orniihopodioi'des, Fries ... 345 34 iii.

polycar'pa, Willd 338 26 iii.

polymor'pha, Linn 339 27 iii.

SATrVA, Linn 334 21 iii.

sylves'tris, Fries 335 23 iii.

Medick, Black 337 25 iii.

Little Bur 340 28 iii.

Reticulated 338 27 iii.

Spotted 339 28 iii.

Medlar, Wild 478 235 iii.

Meer-Samhraut (Ger.) 55 ix.

Meerfeuche Strandsbazille (Ger.) 143 iv.

Meergriine Binse (Ger.) < 26 x,

Segge (Ger.) 118 x.

Trinie (Ger.) 108 iv.

Mcergruner Gansefuss (Ger.) 24 viii.

MeergrUnes Vogelkraut (Ger.) 98 ii.

Meerhohl (Ger.) 118 i.

Meerrettig (Ger.) ., 182 i.

PLATE PAGE

Meersenf (Ger.) 117

Meerst rands Beifuss (Ger.) 66

Binse (Ger.) 19

Dn izack (Ger.) 66

Gansefiisschen (Ger.) 4

Gerste (Ger.) 197

Mannertreu (Ger.) 95

Milchhraut (Ger.) 154

Platterhse (Ger.) 110

Bunkelrube (Ger.) 9

Ruppie (Ger.) 59

Sagine (Ger.) 118

Sch ildkra id (Ger.) 198

Simse (Ger.) 69

Wegerich (Ger.) 173

Winde (Ger.) 88

Meerzwiebel (Ger.) 200

Mehlbeere (Ger.) 214

Meisterwurz (Ger.) 151

Melampyre a cretes (Fr.) 184

, — des champs (Fr.) 184

des pre's (Fr.) 186

MELAMPY'EUM

ABVEN'SE, Linn 1001 184

CRIST A'TUM, Linn 1000 183

monta'num, Johnst 1004 185

PRATEN'SE, Linn. 1002-1004 184

var. latifo'lium, Syme 1002 185

var. monta'num, Syme 1004 185

var. vulga'ris, Syme... 1003 185

SYLVAT'ICUM, Linn. ... 1005 186

Melancholy, Thistle 691 16

MELAN'DRIUM

al'hum, Garcke 210 67

dioi'cum, Cost. & Germ. ... 210 67

diur'num, Fries 211 69

noctiflo'rum, Fries 209 66

praten'se, Rohling 210 67

rv'brum, Garcke 211 69

sylves'tre, Rohling 211 69

vesperti'num, Fries 210 67

Melic-grass, Nodding 1748 93

Purple 1747 91

Wood 1749 14

MELTCA

aeru'lea, Linn 1747 90

monta'na, Huds 1748 92

NUTANS, Linn 1748 92

UNIFLO'RA, Linn 1749 93

Meiilot a petites fleurs (Fr.) 33

blanc (Fr.) 31

de Fetit-pierre (Fr.) 32

officinal (Fr.) 30

Meiilot, Common 341 30

Field 343 32

Small-flowered 344 33

White 342 31

MELILO'TUS

AL'BA, Lam 342 31

x.
ix.

viii.

xi.

iv.
vii.

iii.
viii.

ix.

ii,
i.
x.

vii.

282

ENGLISH BOTANY.

6Z

33

37
50

38
50

49

87

15
21
22

21

Y11.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

50 vii.

vii.
ix.

vii.

vii.
vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

MELILO'TUS

ARYEN'SIS, WaUr 343 32 iii.

in'dica, All 344 33 iii.

leucan'tha, Koch 342 31 iii.

macrorrhi'za, Pera 341 29 iii.

OFFICII A'LIS, Will J.... 341 29 iii.

Lam 343 32 iii.

PAEYIFLO'RA, Beef. ... 344 33 iii.

Petitpierrea'na, Willd 32 iii.

vulga'ris, Wallr 342 31 iii.

Mdique penclte'e (Fr.) 93 xi.

uniflore (Fr.) 94 xi.

MELISSA

Ac'inos, Benth 1048

Kep'eta, Linn 1049

OFFICER A'LIS, Linn. ... 1053

Mc'lisse cles hois (Fr.)

officinale (Ft.)

MeUssenblattrige Biensauge (Ger.)

MELIT'TIS

grandiflo'ra, Sm 1063

MELISSOPHYL'LUM,

Linn 1062 & 1063

Menschenahnliches Ohnhorn (Ger.)

MENTHA

acutifo'lia, Sm 1031

agres'tis, Sole 1040

Allio'nii, Boreau

ALOPECUROI'DES,

BuU 1021

aquat'ica, vars. a & /8,

Benth., and var. a, Bab. 1030

var. 5, Benth 1026

vars. 8, e & £ Fries.

1031 & 1032

vars. Sole 1030

var. eris'pa, Benth.... 1028

var. glahru'ta, Benth. 1029

ARYEN'SIS, Linn.... 1038-1040

vars. a & fS, Hook. &

Am 1038-1040

var. e, Benth 1038

var. C, Benth 1037

var. 7, Hook. & Am. 1037

var. agres'tis, Syme 1040

var. Allio'nii, Syme

var. nummula'ria,

Syme 1039

var. parietariifo'lia,

Syme

var. prse'cox, Syme

var. ru'bra, Benth. ... 1033

var. saliva, Benth.

1031 & 1032

Cardi'aca, Baker... 1034 & 1035

var. 1, Baker 1035

var. 2, Baker 1034

CITEA'TA, Lluh 1029

CRISTA, Linn 102S

13

vii.

11

vii.

15

vii

13

vii

12

vii

12

vii

21

vii

21

vii

21

vii

19

vii

19

vii

21

vii

22

vii

22

vii

22

vii

16

vii

15

vii

17

vii

IS

vii

17

vii

12

vii

12

vii

PLATE

PAGE

VOL.

MENTHA

5

vii.

20

vii.

GEN'TILIS, Linn 1037

19

vii.

Sole 1035

18

vii.

vars. 1, 2, and 3, Baker 1037

19

vii.

var. 4, Baker 1036

18

vii.

var. Paulia'na, Syme 1037

20

vii.

var. Wirtgenia'na,

20

vii.

GRACILIS, Sm. ...1034 & 1035

17

vii.

Sole 1034

17

vii.

var. a, Sm 1034

17

vii.

var. j8, Sm 1036

18

vii.

18

vii.

var. Cardi'aca, Syme 1035

18

vii.

hirci'na, Hull 1027

11

vii.

— - HIRSUTA, Linn 1030

13

vii.

vars. Sm 1031 & 1032

15

vii.

vars. o & £, Sm 1030

13

vii.

var. 5, Sm 1026

11

vii.

14

vii.

e

vii.

6

vii.

nepetoi'des, Lej. ... 1026 & 1027

10

vii.

21

vii.

14

vii.

Sole 1029

12

vii.

officinalis, Hull 1024

9

vii.

15

vii.

11
22

Vll.

vii.

20

vii.

PIPERITA, Huds. 1024 & 1025

9

vii.

Hull 1025

9

vii.

var. 7, Sm 1027

11

vii.

var. eris'pa, Koch ... 1028

12

vii.

var. officinalis, Sole 1024

9

vii.

var. sylveslris, Sole... 1027

11

vii.

var. vulga'ris, Sole... 1025

9

vii.

praten'sis, Benth. ...1034 & 1035

17

vii.

PRATEN'SIS, Sole 1036

18

vii.

22

vii.

PULE'GIUM, Linn.

1041 & 1042

23

vii.

var. deeum'bens, -St/me 1041

23

vii.

var. erec'ta, Syme ... 1042

24

vii.

PUBES'CENS, Willd.

1026 & 1027

10

vii.

var. hirci'na, Syme ... 1027

11

vii.

15

vii.

ROTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn. 1020

4

vii.

Sole 1021

5

vii.

var. veluti'na, Bab.... 1021

5

vii.

18

vii.

RU'BRA, Sm 1033

16

vii.

Sole 1037

19

vii.

16

vii.

SATI'VA, Linn. ... 1031 & 1032

15

vu.

19

Vll.

INDEX.

283

TLATE PAGE VOL.

MENTHA

sati'ra, var. glabra. Koch 1033 16

var. paludo'sa, Syme 1032 15

, . var. rubra, Bab 1033 16

var. subgla'bra, Baker 15

subspiea'ta, Weihe 1032 15

SYLVESTRIS, Linn. ...1022 6

Sole 1020 4

var. a. Sm 1022 6

var. 0, Sm 6

var. 5, Sm 1021 5

var. alopecwofdes,

Baker 1021 5

var. gla'bra, Koch ... 1023 7

var. mollis'sima,

Benth 6

var. nerooro'sa. Benth 6

var. veluti'ita, Bab.... 1021 5

villo'sa, pri'ma,So\e 1022 6

secun'da, Sole 6

YIR'IDIS, Linn 1023 7

Wirtgen ia'na, Scbultz 20

Menthe a /entiles rondes (Fr.) 4

cultive'e (Ft.) 8,16 vii.

des champs (Fr.) 23 vii.

desjardins (Fr.) 20

poirre't (Fr.) 10

pouliot (Fr.) 21

pubescente (Fr.) 11

rouge (Ft.) 17

saurage (Ft.) 7

Mt nyanthe Trifle d'eau (Fr.) 79

MENYAN'THES

NympnmoCdes, Linn 921 80

TRIFOLIA'TA, Linn. ... 920 79

36 nziese Dabe'oce (Fr.) 31

MENZIESTA

C-ERU'LEA, Sm S86 31

POLIFOIilA, Juss S85 33

St. Dabeoc's 8S5 34

Yew-leaved 886 35

Mercuriale annuelle (Fr.) 117

vivace (Fr.) 115

VII.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vn.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vi.

vi.
vi.
vi.

MERCUEIA'LIS

ambig'ua, Linn, fil 1270 116

AX'XUA. Linn. ...1269 & 1270 115

an'nua, Linn, fil 1269 116

var. ambig'ua, Syme 1270 116

ova'ta, Hoppe & Sternb 114

PEREX'XIS, Z/nn 126S 114

Reich 126S 114

var. ova'ta, Syme 114

Mercury, Annual Dog's, var. o 1269 117
var. £ 1270

TLATE PAGB VOL.

MESTLLUS

Gotonea&'ter, Linn 477

GERMAX'ICA. Linn. ... 478

monog'yna, Willd 480

Oxyacariiha, Willd 479

METM

ATHAMAX'TTCUM, Jacq. 605

Fieaic'idum, Spreng 601

Meum Athamaute (Fr.)

Mezereon 1246

MIBO'BA

mi n' i ma, Desv 1689

ww'na.P.deB 1689

MICRO CAL LA

flli/or'mis, Liuk 912

Mignonnette 162

Upright 163

_ Yellow 162

Milder Kuotericli (Ger.) 74

Milfoil, Alternate-flowered Water-

515

Spiked Water- 514

Whorled Water- 513

Military Orchis 1452

MILIUM

EFFU'SUM, Linn 1728

lendig'erum, Linn 1711

Milk Thistle 681

Yetch, Alpine 375

Purple 376

Sweet 377

Milkwort, Chalk 188

— Common 186

■ — Lesser, Common 187

SmaU Bitter 189

MiUepertuis a feuiOes lineaires

(Fr.)

a quatre ailes (Fr.)

Perennial 1268

117
115

MEBTEN'SIA

MARIT'IMA, Don 1099 93

[virgin'ica, Don] (excluded) 121

vm.

viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

vii.
vii.

— beau (Fr.)

233

in.

235

iii

237

iii.

236

iii.

141

iv.

133

iv.

111

iv.

85 viii.

7

xi.

7

xi.

71

vi.

3

ii.

4

ii.

3

ii.

74

viii.

33

iv.

32

iv.

32

iv.

95

ix.

60

xi.

37

xi.

5

v.

74

iii.

75

iii.

76

iii.

40

ii.

37

ii.

38

ii.

41

ii.

156

ii.

153

ii.

157

ii.

155

ii.

159

ii.

160

ii.

152

ii

149

ii

146

ii

couche' (Ft.) 155

de montagne (Fr.)...

des mantis (Fr.) ...

doutt ux (Ft.)

■ per/ore (Fr.)

sousligneux (Ft.) ...

velu(FT.) 158

Milkt etale (Ft.) 61

Millet-grass, Wood 1728 61

MLM'ULUS

[gutta'tus, DC] (excluded) 188

LUTETJS, Linn 967

Mint, Bergamot 1°29

Blunt-spiked 1026 & 1027

Broad-leaved Horse 1021

Cardiac 1°35

Common Horse 1022

Corn 1038-1040

Curled 1028

Hairy Water 1°30

145

13
11

6
18

7
21
12
14

vi.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

284

EXGLIS1T BOTANY.

PLATE

Mint, Marsh Whorled ... 1031 & 1032

Meadow 1036

Round-leaved 1020

Slender 1034

Spear 1023

TallEed 1033

MINUAB'TIA

fagtigia'ta, Reich 243 (bis)

Mistletoe, Common 635 (bis)

Mittlere Schuppenmiere (Ger.)

Tauhue ssel (Ger.)

Miftlerer Klee (Ger.)

Sonnenthau (Ger.)

Wasserhelm (Ger.)

Wegerich (Ger.)

Mittleres NeZkenvmrz (Ger.)

Yergissmeinnieht (Ger.)

Wintergrun (Ger.)

PAGE

VOL.

16

vii.

19

vii.

4

vii.

17

vii.

8

vii.

17

vii.

114

ii.

190

iv.

132

ii.

71

vii

41

iii.

33

ii

129

vii

170

vii

199

iii

106

vii

49

vi

101

ii

101

ii

101

ii

77

ii

77

ii

77

ii

77

ii

MCEERIN'GIA

pentan'dra. Gay

triner'via, Reich 234

triner'vis, Clair 234

MCEN'CHIA

erec'ta, Smith 217

glau'ca, Pers 217

quaternel'la, Ehrh 217

Moenchia, Upright 217

Mo nchie droite (Fr.) 77 ii.

JJfoA»(Ger.) 81-93 i.

Molene Blattaire (Fr.) 117 vi.

bouillon hlanc (Fr.) Ill vi.

lychnite (Ft.) 114 vi.

noire (Fr.) 115 vi.

pulve'rulente (Fr.) 113 vi.

MOLLN'IA

alMs,sima,Umk 90 si.

arundina'cea,Schrank 90 xi.

cseru'lea, Host 1747 90 si.

CERU'LEA, Monch 1747 90 xi.

var. ma'j or, Both 90 si.

depa upera't a, Lindl 90 si.

littora'lis, Host 90 xi.

Molinie bleue (Fr.) 91 xi.

MONE'SES

• grandiflo'ra, Salish 900 51 vi.

Moneywort 1144 149 vii.

Cornish 969 148 vi.

Monkey-flower, Yellow 967 146 vi.

Orchis 1453 96 ix.

Monkshood 48 65 i.

Monk's Rhubarb 1221 53 viii.

HONOT'KOPA

Eypopheg'ea, Wallr 901 53 vi.

HYPOP'ITYS, Linn 901 53 vi.

Wallr 53 vi.

var. gla'bra, Both 901 53 vi.

var. liirsu'ta, Both 53 vi.

Munotrope sucepin (Fr.) 54 vi.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

MON'TIA

FONT A'NA, Lirm 259 136 ii.

var. mi'nor, Syme ... 259 136 ii.

var. rivula'ris, Syme 136 ii.

mi'nor, Gmel 259 136 ii.

rivula'ris, Gmel 136 ii

Montie desfontaines (Fr.) 137 ii.

Moon-wort 1837 24 sii.

Moor-grass, Blue 1710 36 si.

Moork&nig (Ger.) 179 vi.

Moosartige Tillae (Fr.) 47 iv.

Moosbeere (Ger.) 21 vi.

Morast Labkraut (Ger.) 223 iv.

Morelle douce-amere (Fr.) 96 vi.

noire (Ger.) 98 vi.

Morene aquatique (Fr.) 79 is.

Moren/ormige Haftdolde (Ger.) 161 iv.

MOBGAGN'IA

bi'color, Bab 1541 220 ix.

MoschateL Tuberous 636 198 iv.

Moschus Kdsepappel (Ger.) 166 ii.

Moss Campion 205 63 ii.

Golden 532 55 iv.

Saxifrage, Irish 558-562 81-83 iv.

Mossy Cyphel 240 109 ii.

Moth' Mullein 942 117 vi.

Mother-of-Thousands 955 134 vi.

Motherwort 1080 68 vii.

Mountain Ash 486 248 iii.

Bastard 485 247 iii.

Sorrel, Kidney-shaped 1225 58 viii.

Mouron deiicat (Fr.) 153 vii.

des champs (Fr.) 151 vii.

Mouse-ear Chick weed, Broad-
leaved 221 83 ii.

Curtis's 219 80 ii.

Dark

Green 218 79 ii.

Little... 220 SI ii.

Xarrow-

leaved 222 84 ii.

Hawkweed 822 166 v.

Mouse-tail, Common 14 15 i.

Fescue-grass 1781 142 xi.

Little 14 15 i.

Moutarde blanchdtre (Fr.) 129 i.

blanche (Fr.) 125 i.

des Allemands (Fr.) 1S3 i.

des champs (Fr.) 124 i.

noire (Fr.) 127 i.

Mud-rush 1574 37 x.

sedge, Broad-leaved 1648 119 x.

Loose-flowered 1649 122 x.

Narrow-leaved 1647 120 x.

Mudwort 96S 147 vi.

Muflier a grandes fleurs (Fr.) 131 vi.

nibiamd (Fr.) 132 vi.

Mugnet de Mai (Fr.) 181 ix.

de serpent (Fr.) 180 ix.

INDEX.

285

PLATE TAGE VOL.

Muqiitt ^ccau de Salomon (Ft.) ITS ix.

— re rticelle (Ft.) 177 is.

Mujwort 647 214 iv.

" 732 63 v.

MULGETHOM

ALPl'NUM. Lest S09

Mullein, Dark 910

Great 937

Hoary 938

Hybrid 943-946 J

Moth 942

White 939

BCUS'CABI

negiec'tum, Bab 1529

EACEMO'SOI, DC 1529

a grappe (Fr.)

Musk Mallow 2S0

Orchis 1406

StorkVbill

Thistle 6S3

tfeflcr Salbei (Gei.)

Mustard. Black So

Broad-leaved Hedge... 99

Cabbage 101

Corn

83

9S
100

96
101

96

— Fine-leaved Hedge

— Garlic Hedge

— Hairy Tower

— Hare's Ear

— Hedge ,

— Hoary S6

— Mithridate 144

— Narrow-leaved 93

-Sand or Wall 94

— Treacle 102

— White S4

— Wild 83

151

v.

115

vi.

111

vi.

113

vi.

17-1
119/

vi.

117

vi.

114

vi.

201

is.

201

ix.

203

ix.

166

ii.

110

ix.

20S

ii.

7

v.

43

vii.

127

146

149

142

145

147

166

149

144

129

202

140

141

149

125

124

Mutterhravt (Ger.) 13

UTCELIS

mura'Zis, Reich SOS 150

3IYOG'ALl\M

nuferas, Link 1523 194

AIYOSOTIS

ALPESTEIS. Schmidt ... 1106 102

var. rupie'ola, Fries 1106 102

ABYEN'SIS, Baffin 1108 105

Sm 1109 106

var. dumtto'rum, Crep 105

Tar. umbro'sa. Bab 105

C-ESPITO'SA. Schultz ... 1103 98

COLLI'NA. Beieh 1109 106

his'pida, Schlecht 1109 106

'. Link 1108 105

Ungula'ta, Lehm 1103 98

. Fl. Tarn , 105

PAIjUS'TBIS, With 1104 99

var. strigolo'sa, Syme 99

RE'PENS.'lXx ..... 1105 101

VOL. XII.

vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
9

Yll.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
i.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

MYOSOTIS

rupie'ola, Sm 1106 102

striqulo'M. Keich 99

mafveolens, Waldst. ft Kit. 1106 102

SYLVAT'ICA. Ehrh 1107 103

var. alpetftris, Koch 1106 102

VERSICOLOR, EeiA. ... 1110 107

JLyosot is changeant (Fr.) 108

— des Alpns Ft.) 103

des champs (Fr.) 106

des collines (Fr.) 107

des writs (Ft.) 104

marais (Ft.) 100

gazonnautt (Fr.) 98

Myosure (Fr.) 15

ALYOSU'KUS

MINIMUS, Linm 11 15 L

1TYEICA

GATE. Linn 1298 189 viii.

gait (Ft.) 190 viii.

Myrikarie (Ger.) 139 ii.

AlYPJOPHYLXOI

ALTERNTFLOTa'M.r'C. 515 32

peetina'tum, DC 513 31

SPICATBM, Linn 514 32

YERTICILLATUM,Ljhh.513 31

DC 513 31

var. peetina'tum.

81

M rrJ h (Fr.) 170

MYE'EHIS

ODORATA. Scop 626 170

Lmuhn'ta, Sm 625 169

Myrtle, Bog 1298 190

Naddfdrmiges Bied (Ger.) 51,59

XA'IAS

FLEX'ILIS. Bostk 1432 63

Naias, Flexible 1432 63

Nail wort 13* MB

Narcist ' - let (Fr.) 162

faux-Narcisse (Ft.) 159

nonpareil (Fr.) 161

NAECIS'SUS

BIFLCBUS, Curt 1503 161

[conspic'uns, Don] (excluded)... 16S

INCOMPARA'BILIS,

jfflj 1502 160

[ma'jor. Our*.] (excluded) 168

[mi'nor. Linn.] (excluded" 168

[moscha'tua, Linn.] (excluded) 169

POET'ICTS. Linn 1504 162

PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,

Linn 1501 157

var. Bromrield ii,

I05,

var. con color y Bromf 158

P

iv.

iv.

viii.

IX

i.

ix.

uc.

ix.

ix.
ix.
ix

286

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Narcissus, Poet's 1504 162 ix.

Two-flowered 1503 162 ix.

Nard roide (Pr.) 198 x.

NAEDOS'MIA

fra' grans, Reich 7S1 117 v.

NAK'DUS

STEIC'TA, L 1824 197 xi.

Narrenkappe (Ger.) 61 i.

Narthe'cie des marais (Fr.) 222 ix.

NAKTHE'CIUIE

OSSIF'RAGOI, Buds.... 1542 222 ix.

NASTURTIUM

AMPHIB'IUM, R. Brown 128 181

an'ceps, DC ISO

Marsh 127 181

niicrophyl'lum, Boenngh 177

OFFICINA'LE, R. Brown 125 176

Reich 125 176

var. siifo'liurrj, Syme 177

PALUSTRE, DC. 127 180

rivuia're, Reich 180

siifo'lium, Pieich 177

SYLVES'TRE, R. Brown 126 179

terres'tre, R. Brown 127 180

Wild 126 180

Natterkopf (Ger.) 90

Natterkopfdtiiges Wurmkraut (Ger.) 138

NAUMBUE'GIA

gvita'ta, Monch 1140 143

thyrsi'flora, Duby 1140 143

Navel-wort, Common 539 63

Kavette (Fr.) 135

d'ete (Fr.) 125

Navette, Wild 89 135

Navew 88 134

Wild 89 135

Nayade marina (Fr.) 63

Nebenblatt Weide (Ger.) 226

NebenbVdttrige Platterbse (Ger.) 102

Needle Furze 326 8

Niftier commun (Fr.) 235 m.

Ni Ih nblattriger Hafer (Ger.) 71 xi.

Ndkenduftende Sommerwurz (Ger.) ... 196 vi.

N&iupharblanc(Fi.') 77 i.

NEOTIN'EA

1ST ACT A, Reich, fil ... 14G5 10S ix.

NEOT'TIA

iBgtiva'li8,'DC 1473 116 ix.

eorda'ta, Rich 1476 120 ix.

NI'DUS-A'YIS. Bieh 147S 122 ix.

ova'ta, Bluff. & Fing 1477 120 ix.

spira'lis, Sw 1472 115 ix.

Ntiotti (Fr.) 120 ix.

nid cVoiseau (Fr.) 122 ix.

ovale(Fi.) 121 ix.

N EP'ETA

CATA'RIA, Linn L054 38 vii.

GLECHOTliA, Benth 1055 40 vii.

vu.

V.

vu.

vii.

l.

ix.

viii.

iii.

iii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

NEP'ETA

glecho'ma, var. hirsu'ta,

Benth 40

var. parviflo'ra, iJenrt 40

NEPHBO'DIUM

ss'mulum, Baker 185S 87

crista'tum, Mich 1853 70

var. id igino' sum, Hook. 1S54 73

dilata'tum, Desv 1857 82

var. glandulo' sum,

Hook. f. 1856 80

Fi'lix-mas, Richard 1S50 57

var. abbrevia'twn,

Hook 61

var. ajji'ne, Hook 59

var. Bor'reri, Hook. f. 59

Faznise'cii, Lowe 1858 88

moata'num, Baker 1849 54

Oreop'teris, Desv 1S49 54

remo'tum, Hook 1852 67

rig'idum, Desv 1S51 65

spintdo'sttm, "Desv." 1855 76

o, Hook. & Bak 1S55 76

var. dilata'tum, Hook.

&Bak 1857 82

var. remo'tum, Hook. 1852 67

Thelyp'teris, Desv 1S48 52

Nerprum bourdaine (Fr.) 229

purgatif (Fr.) 227

X: .itdblattrige Glockenblume (Ger.) ... 9

Nettle, Common 1279 128

Common Hemp .. .1078 & 1079 65

Cut-leaved Dead 10S3 72

Down}- Hemp 1077 65

HenbitDead 10S1 70

Intermediate Dead 10S2 71

— Intermediate Hemp 1074 64

Large-flowered Hemp ... 1077 65

leaved Bell-flower 867 9

Goosefoot 1192 17

Narrow-leaved Hemp ... 1074 63

Red Dead 1084 73

Roman 1280 & 1281 130

Small 1282 131

Spotted Dead 1085 74

White Dead 1086 75

vu.
vii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.

xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.

ii.

ii.

vi.
viii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vi.
viii.
vii.
vii.
viii.
viii.
vii.
vii.

NICAN'DEA

[physaloi'des, Gcirtn.'] (excluded) 108

Nickende Distel (Ger.) 7

Vogehnilch (Ger.) 195

Nicki udi. r Ta tibi nkropf (Ger.) 6o

Wasser-dost (Ger.) 94

Nickendes Perlgras (Ger.) 93

Niederliegende sagint (Fr.) 121

Niederliegender A7" (Ger.) 61

Schtoingd (Ger.) 108

NiederUegendes Harthen (Ger.) 155

Niedrige Segge (Ger.) 125

Nil driger Kranichschnabel (Ger.) 199

INDEX.

287

PLATE PAGE

Niedrigcs Ruhrkraut (Ger.) 76

Nightshade, Alpine Enchanter's 512 30

Common Enchanter's 511 29

Black 931 98

Deadly 930-931 {Jjj}

Garden 931 98

Woody 930 96

Nipple-wort, Common 787 126

Niv(foled'<?te (Fr.\ 165

du printemps (Fr.) 166

Nit-grass, Awned 1711 38

Nitella, Clustered 1905 & 1906 186

Dwarf. 1904 184

Flaccid 1899 174

Many-fruited 1907 & 1908 1S7

Mucronate 1902 182

■ Slender 1903 183

Translucent 1901 180

Twin-fruited 1900 176

NITEL'LA

atrovi'rens, Wallm 1890 178

Bertolo'nii, Kiitz 1910 195

Bor'reri, Wallm 190S 189

Braun' ii, Rabenh 1911 197

■ Brongniartia'na, Coss. &

Germ 1899 175

capita'ta, Agardh 1900 177

. Kiitzing 1900 177

ex'Uis, A. Braun 1902 182

fascicula'ta, A. Braun 1907 188

var. robus'tior, A.

Braun 1908 1S9

flabella'ta, Kiitz 1902 182

FLEXTLIS, Agardh 1899 174

var. glomeruli f era,

Kiitz 1905 186

furcula'ta, Nordst 1S99 175

GLOMERA'TA, Chevallier

1905 & 1906 185

Coss. & Germ 1907 188

var. Smith'ii, Syme... 1906 186

glomerulifera, Wallm 1905 186

■ GRACILIS, Agardh 1903 183

hyali'na, Agardh 1 904 1 84

INTRICA'TA, Agardh.

1907 & 1908 187
var. prolif'era, Syme 1908 189

hngifur'ca, Wallm 1902 1S2

MUCRONA'TA, Cosson &

Germain 1902 1S2

var. homomor'pha, A.

Braun 1S3

[NIDIF'ICA, Agardh'] (ex-

cluded) 190

Norve'gica, Wallm 1902 182

opa'M, Agardh 1890 178

A. Braun 1890 178

Kiitzing 1890 178

pedi.ncufo'ta, Agardh 1890 178

VOL.
V.

IV.

vi.

IX.

ix.
xi.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xn.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.

PAGE VOL.

188 xii.

189 xii.
186 xii.
195 xii.

191 xii.

176 xii.
177,\

xn.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

PLATE

NITEL'LA

polysper'ma, Kiitz 1907

prolif'era, Kiitz 1908

Smith'ii,V»Tallm 1906

stellig'era, Kiitz 1910

[Stenhammaria'na Wallm.]

(excluded)

SYNCAR'PA, Chevallier

vars. A. Braun &

Kiitz 1900 178/

var. capita'ta, Coss.

&Germ 177

var. capita'ta, Kiitz 177

var. opa'ca, Kiitz. ... 1900 178

TENUIS'SIMA, Kiitzing. 1904 184

TRANSLU'CENMgrard/i.

1901 180

ulvoi'des, Kixtz 1910 195

NIVA'BIA

ver'na, Monch 1506 165

Nonsuch 337 25

Nordische Linncie (Ger.) 210

Nordisches Habichtskraut (Ger.) 205

Labkraut (Ger.) 213

Norwegisches Ruhrkraut (Ger.) 75

NOTOLETIUM

Ce'terach, Newrn 1883

Nottingham Catchfly 207

NUP'HAE

intermedium, Ledebour ... 55

LU'TEA, Sm 54

lu'tea, var., Benth 56

var. rna'jor, Syme ... 54

var. mi'iior, Syme ... 55

min'ima, Sm 56

PU'MILA, Sm 56

Nuphar jaune (Fr.)

NYMPHiE'A

AL'BA, Linn 53

var. rna'jor, Syme ... 53

var. mi'nor, Syme

xn.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.

in.
iv.

IV.

v.

139 xii.
65 ii.

78
78
80
78
78
80
80
79

76
76
76

Oak, Common 1288

fern 1845

leaved Goosefoot 1198

Sessile-fruited 1289

Oat, Black 1740

Wild 1741

Oat-grass, Downy 1737

False 1742

Glabrous 173S & 1739

Yellow 1736

OBI'ONE

peduncula'ta, Moq.-Tand. 1209

portulacoi'des, Moq.-Tand. 120S

ODONTI'TES

rotunda'ta, Ball 174

146

viii.

46

xii.

24

viii

157

viii

78

xi.

80

xi

78

xi

83

xi

76

xi

74

xi

37

viii

36

viii

288

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE

ODONTITES

ru'bra, Gr. & Godr 993 174

Pers 993 174

gero'tina, Reich 174

ver'na, Reich 993 174

var. el'egans, Ball 174

(.E'h r's Segge (Ger.) 158

CEillet hhudtre (Fr.) 48

deltolde (Fr.) 47

giroflee (Fr.) 49

mignardise (Fr.) 51

prolifere (Fr.) 52

velu (Fr.) 46

Oelmagen (Ger.) 84

CENAN'THE

apiifo'lia, Brot ? 597 129

CROCATA, Sm 597 128

FISTULO'SA, Linn 593 124

FLUVIAT'ILIS, Colem.... 599 131

LACHEXAL'II, Gmel. ... 596 127

me'dia, Auct 127

peucedanifo'lia, Sni 595 126

PHELLAN'DBIUM,iam. 598 130

PIMPLXELLOrDES,Z?nn.594 125

, Sm 596 127

SILAIFO'LIA, Bieb. ? ... 595 126

Smith' ii, H. C. Wats 595 126

(Enanthe a feuilles de Silaus (Fr.) ... 127

« ue jaune (Fr.) 129

de Lachenal (Fr.) 128

faux boucage (Fr.) 126

flstuleuse (Ft.) 125

phillandre (Fr.) 131

CENOTHEEA

BIEX'XIS, JK»7i 508 24

ODORA'TA. Jacq 509 25

Ohrldfel Taubenhropf (Ger.) 64

Old Man's Beard 1 3

Onagre bisannuelle (Fr.) 24

ONOBBY'CHIS

SATrVA, Lam 381 81

ONOC'LEA

[sensibilis, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 14S

ONONIS

ARVEN'SIS, Fries 331 16

Linn 331 16

■ Sm. E. B 330 15

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 331 16

■ var. 0, Hook. & Arn. 330 15

CAMPESTBIS, Koch ... 330 15

procur'rens, WaUr 331 16

reclina'ta, Linn 332 18

re'pens, Koch 331 16

spino'sa, Linn 330 15

Onoperde acanthe (Fr.) 3

ONOPOB'DUM

ACAN'THIDM, Linn. ... 6S0 2

IV.

iv.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

OPHIGLOS'SUM

Azor'icum, Presl 1S35 20 xii.

LUSITAX'ICUM, Linn. 1836 22 xii.

polyphyl'lum, A. Br 1835 20 xii.

VULGA'TUM, Linn 1835 19 xii.

var. ambig'uum, Coss.

&Germ 1S35 20 xii.

var. micros' ticluim,

" Acharius," T. Moore 1835 20 xii.
var. polyphyVlum,

A.Br 1835 20 xii.

OPEIU'BUS

filifor'mis, B. & S 1818 1S9 xi.

incuroa'tus, Lindl 1818 189 xi.

OPHEYS

anthropoph'ora, Linn 1447 S7 ix.

APIF'EBA, Linn 1467 111 ix.

ARACHNITES, -Befeftard 1468 111 ix.

ARAXIF'EEA, Huds. ...

1469 & 1470 112 ix.

Sm 1469 112 ix.

var. fucif'era, Syme... 1470 113 ix.

Corallorrhi'za, Linn 1487 132 ix.

corda'ta, Linn 1476 120 ix.

fucifera,Sm 1470 113 ix.

fuciflo'ra, Beich 1468 111 ix.

Losel'ii, Linn 1488 133 ix.

Monor'chis, Linn 1486 109 ix.

MUSCIF'ERA, Huds. ...1471 114 ix.

Myo'des, Jacq 1471 114 ix.

Ni'dus-a'vis, Linn 1478 122 ix.

ova'ta, Linn 1477 120 ix.

paludo'sa-lArm 14S9 135 ix.

spiralis, Linn 1472 115 ix.

Ophrys a un tubercle (Fr.) 110 ix.

abeille (Fr.) HI ix.

araignee (Ft.) 113 ix.

frtlon (Fr.) 112 ix.

homme pendu (Fr.) 87 ix.

mouche (Fr.) 115 ix.

Opium Poppy 57 S4 i.

OPLISME'NUS

Cms- gal'li, Kunth 1692 12 xi.

OPORIN'IA

autumna'lis, Don ... 794 & 795 134 v.

Orache, Babington's 1206 33 viii.

Frosted Sea 1207 35 viii.

Grass-leaved Sea, var. o 1200 27 viii.

■ var.jB 1201 28 viii.

Narrow-leaved, var. a... 1202 30 viii.

var. $... 1203 30 viii.

Smith's 1205 33 viii.

Stalked-fruited Sea 1209 38 viii.

—-Triangular-leaved 1204 31 viii.

Orehidetache (Fr.) 102 ix.

OE'CHIS

al'bida, Scop 146 103 ix.

angustifo'lia, Reich 100 ix.

UfdUa, Gien. & Godr. ...1461 106 ix.

INDEX.

289

PLATE PAGE V

OE'CHIS

hi folia, Linn 1463 & 1464 105

! Sm 1463 107

eonop'sea, Linn 1460 102

• densiflo'ra, Walil 103

futfca, Jaoq 1451 93

. qaJta'ta, Ijnm 1452 94

HIRCI'NA, Scop 1448 90

incama'ta, Linn 1457 100

intac'ta. Link 1465 108

latifo'lia, Benth. ... 1457 & 1458 99

Linn 1458 100

Sm 1457 100

LAXIFLO'RA, Lam. ... 1456 98

MACULA'TA, Linn. ...1459 101

maia'lis, Beiob 1458 100

MAS'CULA, Linn 1455 97

. MILITA'RIS, Jacq 1452 94

var. 0, Linn 1451 93

, var. €, Linn 1453 95

monta'na, Schmidt 1463 107

MO'RIO, Linn 1454 96

PALMA'TA, Syme 1457 & 1458 99

PURPU'REA, Huds 1451 93

PYRAMIDA'LIS, Linn. 1449 91

Bivi'ni, Gouan 1452 94

secundiflo'ra, Bert 1465 108

SITMOA, Lam 1453 95

specio'sa, Host 98

tephrosan'thos, Vill 1453 95

Traunster'neri, Koch 100

USTULA'TA, Linn 1450 92

vir'idis, Crantz 1462 105

Orchis a deuxfeuilles (Fr.) 106

fleurs laches (Fr.) 99

larges feuilles (Fr.) 101

barbe de houc (Fr.) 91

blanc (Fr.) 104

Bouffon (Fr.) 97

bride (Fr.) 93

incarnat (Fr.) 100

mafe(Fr.) 98

militaire (Fr.) 95

pyramidal (Fr.) 92

saure (Fr.) 103

vert (Fr.) 105

Orchis, Bee 1467 111

Bird's-nest 1478 122

Bog 14S9 135

Broad-leaved Marsh ...1458 101

Common Marsh 1457 100

Dense-flowered 1465 109

Dwarf Dark-winged 1450 93

Early Purple 1455 98

Early Spider 1469 & 1470 113

Fen 1488 134

Fly 1471 115

Fragrant 1460 103

Frog 1462 105

Great Dark-winged 1451 94

IX.

ix.

IX.

ix.

ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.

ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.

PLATE PAGE

Orchis, Greater Butterfly 1464 107

■ Green-winged Meadow 1454

Late Spicier 1468

Lax-flowered 1456

Lesser Buttei fly 1463

Lizard 1448

Man 1447

Military 1452

Monkey 1453

Musk 1466

-— Palmate Spotted 1459

— Pyramidal 1449

— Small White 1461

97

ix.

112

ix.

99

ix.

106

ix.

91

ix.

87

ix.

95

ix.

96

ix.

110

ix.

102

ix.

92

ix.

104

ix.

Vll.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.

viii.
viii.

Orge queue de rat (Fr.) 195

Origan commun (Fr.) 30

ORIG'ANUM

Cret'icum, var. 0, Linn. ... 1046 29

megasta'chyum, Link 1040 29

[Oni'tes, Linn.'] (excluded) 86

[vi'rens, Link-] (excluded) 86

vulga're, Link 1045 29

VULGA'RE, Linn. 1045 & 1046 29

var. megasta'chyum,

Koch 1046 29

var. prismat'icum,

Gaud 1046 29

Orme commun (Fr.) 139

de montagne (Fr.) 142

OB'MENIS

no'bilis, J. Gay 724 53 v.

Omithogale a fleurs pendantes (Fr.) ... 195 ix.

• des Pyrenees (Fr.) 197 ix.

en ombelle (Fr.) 196 ix.

OKNlTHOG'ALUM

angustifo'lium, Bor 196 ix.

lu'teum, Linn 1522 193 ix.

NUTANS, Linn 1523 194 ix

PYRENA'ICUM, Linn.... 1525 197 ix.

umbella'tum, Bor 1524 195 ix.

UMBELLA'TUM, Linn. 1524 195 ix.

var. angustifo'lium,

Syme 196 ix.

Ornithope de'licat (Fr.) 78 iii.

sans bractees 79 iii.

ORNITHOP'TEBIS

aquili'na, John Smith 18S6 145 xii.

OKNITH'OPUS

EBKACTEATUS, Brot. 379 7S iii.

PERPUSIL'LUS, Linn. 37S 77 iii-

OROBAN'CHE

amethys'tea, Thuill 1017 200 vi.

ARENA'R I A, Boric 1008 191 vi.

barba'ta, Bab 1015 198 vi.

C.ERU'LEA, Vill 1009 192 vi.

CARYOPHYLLA'CEA,

Sm 1012 195 vi.

ELA'TIOR, Sutt 1013 196 vi.

epithy'mum, DC. 195 vi.

Eryn'gii, Duby 1017 200 vi.

290

ENGLISH I20TANY.

PLATE

OEOBAN'CHE

eu-mi'nor, Syme 1016

Ga'lii, Duby 1012

HED'ERJE. lh>hy 1015

■ luco'rum, Koch (?)

ma'jor, Fries 1013

Lsm 1010

MI'XOR, Linn 1016 & 1017

Thuill 1016

PI'CRIDIS, F. Sch 1014

[pruino'sa. L )/;>.] (excluded)

RAMO'SA, Linn 1007

RA'PUM, ThuiU 1010

RU'BRA, Sm 1011

[specio'sa, DC] (excluded)

mdga'ris,~DG 1012

Orobanche a petites flours (Fr.)

Meue(Fr.)

ih la picride (Fr.)

des sables (Fr.)

dn panicaut (Fr.)

tin spartum (Fr.)

e'loinj'.'e (Fr.)

rameuse (Fr.)

Oral' tant (Fr.)

tulje'reux (Fr.)

OB'OBUS

ni'ger, Linn 407 111

sylrat'ic us, Linn 386 88

tenuifo'lius, Roth Ill

tvbero'sus, Linn 406 110

Orpin a odeur de rose Fr.) 49

petites fleurs (Fr.) 53

Fewer (Fr.) 51

purpurin (Fr.) 50

Orpine, Broad-leaved 526 50

■ Everlasting 526 49

Narrow-leaved 527 51

Orti: z a pilules (Fr.) 130

brilante (Fr.) 131

Ortweehselnder Knoterich (Ger.) 78

PAGE VOL.

199

195
198
197
196
193
199
199
197
201
190
193
194
201
195
200
193
198
192
200
194
197
191
112
111

VI.

vi.

in.
iii.
iii.
iv.
iv.
iv.

iv.

iv.
viii.
viii.
viii.

OBY'ZA

clandesti'na, A. Br 1GSG 204 (2) xi.

Osier, Auricled 1323 226 viii.

Common 1322 224 viii.

Ferruginous 1325 229 viii.

Fine Basket, var. £ 1321 222 viii.

Green-leaved, var. a 1320 222 viii.

Silky-leaved 1324 227 viii.

OsmnndBoyal 1838 32 xii.

OSMUXDA

cris'pa, Linn 1S44

Luna'ria, Linn 1837

EEGA'LIS, Linn 1S38

SpCcant, Linn 1885

Oxalide cornne (Fr.) 214

oseiUt (Fr.) 211

rowfc(Fr.) 215

11

xii

24

xii

30

xii

43

Xll

PLATE PAGE

OX'ALIS

ACETOSEL'LA, Linn. ... 310 211

GORNICULATA, Linn, 311 213

enropx'a, Jord 312 214

STRICTA, Linn 312 214

rillo'sa, M. B 311 213

Ox-eye Chamomile 723 53

Great White 714 42

Oxlip, Common 1132 137

Cowslip 1133 137

Jaccpuin's 1131 135

Ox-tongue, Bristly 797 13S

Hawkweed 796 136

OXYCOC'CUS

palus'tris, Pers 876 20

OXYKTA

dig'yna, Campd 1225 57

REXIFOR'MIS, Hook. ... 1225 57

Oxytrope des Alpes (Fr.) 73

OXYT'EOPIS

CA3IPES'TRIS, DC. ... 374 72

HAL'LEBI, Bunge 373 71

uralen'sis, DC 373 71

Oxytropis, Blue 373 72

— Pale-yellow 374 73

Oyster-plant 1099 93

PyEO'XIA

CORALLI'XA, Rdz 50 6S

PAE'SIA

aquili'na, Moore 1SS6 145

Panais cultire' (Fr.) 152

Panic pied de coq (Fr.) 12

Panic-grass, Loose 1692 12

Panicaut des champs (Fr.) 96

maritime (Fr.) 95

PAN1CUM

Orus-gal'li, Una 1G92 12

Dac'tylon, Linn 1690 8

gla'brum, Gaud 1691 10

humifu'sum, Kunth 1691 10

[milia'eeum, i.] (excluded) 199

vertieHla't um, Linn 1694 14

vir'ide, Linn 1693 13

l'an.>y, Large-flowered Field ... 178 25

Mountain 1S1 2S

Sea ISO 27

Small-flowered Field ... 179 26

PAPA'YEE

ARGEMO'XE, Linn 61 91

camlrricum, Linn 63 94

DtPBIUM, Linn 59 & GO SS

Lamotte 59 89

Reich 60 90

horten'se, Hussenot 57 a. 82

HYB'RIDUM. Sri.u, 62 92

interme'dium, Becker S7

v.

vii.

vii.

vii.

v.

vin.

viii.

iii.

in.

vii.

xi.
xi.
iv.

INDEX.

201

TLATE TAGK \'OI.

FAPA'VEK

Ueviga'tvm " M.B.," Reich. 59 89

Lamot'tei, Boreau 59 89

Lecoq'ii, Lctmotte GO 90

niodes'tum, Jord 91

[mulicau'le, Linn.'] (excluded). . . 115

officinale, Gmel 57 b. 83

RHCE'AS, Linn 58 87

var. strigo'sum, Boen-

ningh 87

var. vulgaris, Syme... 58 87

setig'erurn, DC. SI

Godr 57 a. 82

SOMNIF'ERUM,Z/»».... 57 82

Gmel 57 a. 82

Gr. & Godr 57 b. 83

var. al'bum, DC 57 b. 83

var. macrocar'pinit,

Coss. & Germ

var. ni'grum, DC. ...

var. officinale, Coss. &

Germ

var. setig'erurn, Godr.

rarie'taire (Ft.) 126 viii.

PARIETA'RIA

diffusa, Bab. folim) 1278 126 viii.

DIFFU'SA, Koch 1278 126 viii.

var. fal'lax, Gr. &

Godr 126 viii.

erec'ta, Bab. (olim) 126 viii.

officinalis, Sin 1278 126 viii.

PAKTS

QUADRIFO'LIA, Linn. 1509 173 ix.

Parisetle a quatre feuilles (Fr.) 17-1 ix.

Parisisches Ldbkraut (Ger.) 221 iv.

Parmacetic, Poor Man's 152 212 i.

57 b. 83
57 a. 82

57 b. 83
57 a. 82

PARNAS'SIA

PALUS'TRIS, Linn.

Parnassie des marais (Fr.)

Parnassus, Grass of

Parsley, Common

Fool's ...

Cora-

Cow-

Fern

■ Field Hedge-

Great Bur- ,

Knotted Hedge- ..,

Piert

Small Bur-

Upright Hedge ..,

Water Dropwort . .

Parsnip, Common Cow- ..

Great Water-

Least Water-

Procumbent Water- 57:

Water-

Wild

565 86

86

565 86

576 101
600 133

577 105
624 168

1844 44

619 163
61S 162
621 165
422 137
617 161

620 164
596 12S
613 154

587 118
575 103

3 & 4 101

588 119
612 152

PLATE TAGE VOL.

PASPA'LUM

ambig'uum., DC 1691 10 xi.

Dac'tylon, DC 1690 8 xi.

Pasque Flower 9 11 i.

Passerage a largesft uill s (Fr) 213 i.

des champs (Ft.) 217 i.

des de'combres (Fr.) 214 i.

ilnin .-(Fr.) 219 i.

c ul t i i- tv (Fr.) 215 i.

Pastel des teinturiers (Fr.) 223 i.

PASTINA'CA

SATTVA, Linn. 612 151 iv.

Patience a e'cussons (Fr.) 54 viii.

« feuilles obtuses (Fr.) 47 viii.

a tongues feuilles (Fr.) 52 viii.

- agglome'ree (Fr.) 41 viii.

crepue (Fr.) 50 viii.

des Alpes (Fr.) 53 viii.

desbois(Fr.) 42 viii.

domestique (Fr.) 51 viii.

maritime (Fr.) 43 viii.

ose Me (Fr.) 55 viii.

petite ose Me (Fr.) 57 viii.

violon (Fr.) 45 viii.

Pdturin annuel (Fr.)

bulbeux (Fr.)

commun (Fr.)

comprime' (Fr.)

des Alpes (Fr.)

des bois (Fr.)

des pre's (Fr.)

— laxe (Fr.)

Pavot (Fr.)

corpuelicot (Fr.)

somnifere (Fr.)

Pea, Broad-leaved Everlasting 403

Narrow-leaved Everlasting 402

Sea 405

Pear, Wild 48S

Pearl wort, Alpine 249

Awl-shaped 250

Common Small -

flowered 246

Fries's Small-flowered 247

l.indblom's (bis) 250

Procumbent 248

Sea 245

Pe'diculaire des forets (Fr.)

des marais (Fr.)

PEDICULA'RIS

PALUS'TRIS, Linn 996

SYLVAT'ICA, Linn 997

Pellitory-of-the-Wall 1278

Penny Cress, Field Ill

Green Alpine 148

Long-styled Alpine 147

Perfoliate 145

Short-styled Alpine 146

Penny-royal 1041 & 1042

Pennyweed 99S

112
114
130
126
115
125
128
117
81-93
88
84
108
107
110
252
122
124

119
120
125
121
118
180
179

xi.
xi.

17S vi.

179 vi.

126 viii.

202 i.

207 i.

206 i.

204 i.

205 i.
24 vii.

1S1 vi.

202

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE

Pennywort, Marsh 56G

Peon)7, Coral 50

Entire -leaved 50

Male 50

Peplidi pourpier (Fr.)

PEPXIS

PORTULA, Linn 493

Peppermint 1024, var. £, 1025

Pepper, Grass 1825

Poor Man's 153

Water 1234

Pepperwort, Broad -leaved 153

Mithridate 156

Narrow-leaved 154

Rubbish 154

Smooth Field 157

Whitlow 158

Perce-neige des Parisiens (Fr.)

pied(Fr.)

pierre (Fr.)

PERIS' TYLUS

al'bidus, Lindl 1461

Periwinkle, Lesser 906

or Pei viuke, Greater 905

Perlkopfiges Buhrkra ut (Ger.)

Persicaria, Glandular, var. a ... 1239
var. 3 ...1240

Lax flowered 1236

Small 1235

Spotted, var. a 1237

var. 0 1238

Persil cultive (Fr.)

Pervenche a grande jleur (Fr.)

Pesse commune (Fr.)

PETASI'TES

AL'BUS, Gdrtn 782

FRA'GRAXS, Fred 781

officinalis, Munch ... 7S3 & 784

praten'sis, Jord

ripa'ria, Jord 783 & 784

VULGARIS, Des/.... 783 & 7S4

Petite douve (Fr.)

mauve ronde (Fr.)

PETEOSELI'NUM

horten'se, Hoffm 576

SATIVUM, i/o-fw 57(3

SEG'ETUM, Koch 577

Pi tty Spurge 1265

Whin 326

Peucedane officinal (Fr.)

PEUCED'ANUM

OFFICINALE, Linn. ... 609

OSTRU'THIUM, Koch... 611

PALUS'TRE, Monch 610

Sila'us, Linn 604

Peuplier blanc (Ft.)

grisdtre (Fr.)

noir (Fr.)

tremble (Fr.)

PAGE VOL.

90 iv.

69 i.

69 i.

69 i.

5 iv.

4 iv.

9 vii.

2 xii.

213 i.

71 i.

213 viii.

217 i.

214 i.
214 i.

218 i.

219 i.
167 ix.
137 iii.
143 iv.

103 ix.
63 vi.
63 vi.
77 v.
77 viii.
77 viii.

74 viii.
73 viii.

75 viii.
75 viii.

104 iv.
63 vi.

34 iv.

118 v.
117 v.

119 v.

120 v.
120 v.
119 v.

35 i.
169 ii.

103 iv.

103 iv.

105 iv.
Ill viii.

8 iii.

149 iv.

148 iv.

150 iv.

149 iv.
139 iv.
193 viii.
L95 viii.
199 viii.
197 viii.

PLATE PACE

PfefferfrwMiger Sannel (Ger.) 142

Pfefferminze (Ger.) 10

Pfennigsalat (Ger.) 49

Pfirsiclibldttrige Glochenblume

(Ger.) 14

Pfriembldttrige Sagine (Qei.) 124

PHA'CA

astragali'na, DC 375 73

PEALAN'GIUM

bi'color, DC 1541 220

plant folium, Pers 1541 220

PHAL'AKIS

arena' ria, Huds 1709 34

arundina'cea, Linn 1697 19

CANARIEN'SIS, Linn.... 1698 20

oryzoi'des, Linn 1686 2

[paradox'a, L.] (excluded) 199

phlmoi'des, Linn 1708 33

PHAL'ONA

echina'ta, Dum 1777 134

Pheasant's Eye, Autumnal 13 14

Common 13 14

PHEGOP'TERIS

alpes'tris, Mettenius 1870 & 1871 112

J.Smith 1870 113

calca'rea, Fe'e 1846 48

DRYOP'TERIS, Fe'e 1845 46

flex'ilis, J. Smith 1871 115

POLYPODIOI'DES, Fee 1847 50

ROBERTI A'N A, A. Broun 1846 48

mdga'ris, Mett 1847 50

PKELIPMA

arena! ria, Walp 1008 191

aeru'lea, C. A. M 1009 192

ramo'sa, C. A. M 1007 190

PHELLAN'DBIUM

aquat'icum, Linn 59S 130

PHLEUM

ALPI'NUM, Linn 1705 30

ARENA'RIUM, Linn. ... 1709 34

[as' perum, Jacq.~\ (excluded) 199

BOEH'MERI, Schrad. ... 1708 33

commuta'tum, Gaud 1705 30

crini'tum, Schreb 1713 40

interme'dium, Jord 1706 32

hx've, M. Bieb 1708 33

[Michel'lii, All.] (excluded) 199

nodo'sum, Linn 1707 32

phalaroi'des, K61 170S 33

pree'cox, Jord 1707 32

pra ten'se, Jord 1706 32

PRATEN'SE, Linn. 1706 & 1707 31

var. nodos'um, Syme 1707 32

sero'tinum, Jord 1707 32

[ten'ue, Schrad.] (excluded) 200

PHCENIX'OPUS

mura'lis, Koch SOS 150

PHEAGMI'TIS

COMMU'NIS, Trin 1727 58

xn.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

vi.
vi.

INDEX.

293

via.

x.

xii.

xii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

in.
viii.
viii.
viii.

vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

PHRAGMI'TIS

communis, var. nig'ricans,

Gr.&Godr 58 xi.

var. re'pens, Mey 58 xi.

var. vulga'ris, Gr. &

Godr 1727 58 xi.

PHYL' LITIS

scolopen'drium, Newm 1884 141 xii.

PHYLLOD'OCE

cceru'lea, Bab 886 34 vi.

taxifo'lia, Salieb 886 34 vi.

PHY'SALIS

[Alkeken'gi, Linn.'] (excluded) 108 vi.

PHYSOSPER'MUM

aquilegifo'lium, Koch 630 176 iv.

COENUBIEN'SE, DG. ... 630 176 iv.

PHYTEU'MA

ORBICULA'RE, Linn. ... 864 6 vi.

SPICA'TUM, Linn 865 6 vi.

Picride e'perviere (Fr.) 136 v.

PI'CRIS

arva'lis, Jord 136 v.

echioi'des, Linn 797 137 v.

HIERACIOI'DES, Linn. 796 136 v.

Jord 796 136 v.

var. arva'lis, Syme 136 v.

stric'ta, Jord. (excluded) 217 v.

Pied d'aloue.tte (Fr.) 63 i.

de griffon (Fr.) 59 i.

Piert, Parsley 422 137 iii.

Pigamon (Fr.) 4 i.

Pilewort 39 49 i.

Pillenlragende Nessel (Ger.) 130

Segge(Ger.) 127

Pillwort 125 2

PILULA'RIA

GLOBULIF'ERA, Linn. 1825 2

Pimpernel, Bastard 1149 154

Blue 1147 152

Bog 1148 153

Scarlet... 1146 var. /3, 1147 151

Yellow 1145 150

PIMPINEL'LA

dioi'ca, Linn 579 107

MAG'NA, Linn 586 116

SAXIF'RAGA, Linn 585 115

Pimprenelle sanguisorbe (Fr.) 134

Pin maritime (Fr.) 271

sauvage (Fr.) 265

Pine, Cluster 1381 271

Ground 1090 80

PINGUIC'ULA

ALPI'NA, Linn 1123 124

GRANDIFLO'RA, Lam. 1122 124

LUSITAN'ICA, Linn. ... 1124 125

VULGA'RIS, Linn 1121 123

var. Benth 1122 124

VOL. XII. 2 Q

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Pink, Cheddar 193

Childing 196

Clove 194

Common 195

Deptford 191

Maiden 192

Meadow 212

Mountain 193

1168

Proliferous 196

PI'NUS

marit'ima, Lam 1381

PINAS'TER, Ait 1381

[Pi'nea, Linn.'] (excluded)

SYLVES'TRIS, Linn. ... 1380

Pipewort 1546

Pissenlit officinal (Fr.)

PI'S UM

marit'imum, Linn 405

Pivoine coralline (Fr.)

PLANTA'GO

[alpi'na, Linn.] (excluded)

[arena'ria, Linn.] (excluded)

[argen'tea, Linn.] (excluded)

CORO'NOPUS, Linn.

interme'dia, Gilb

LANCEOLA'TA, Linn.

1164 & 1165

var. ma'jor, Syme

var. Timba'li, Syme... 1165

var. vulga'ris, Syme... 1164

ma'jor, Gren. & Godr 1162

MA'JOR, Linn 1162

var. interme'dia, Dene

MARIT'IMA, Linn. 1166 & 1167

var. hirsu'ta, Syme ... 1167

var. latifo'lia, Syme... 1166

var. linea'ris, Syme

ME'DIA, Linn H63

[Psyllium, Linn.] (excluded) ...

[Serpentina, Vill] (excluded) ...

Timba'li, Jord 1165

Plantain, Buck's-horn 1168

-Greater H62

Hoary I163

Sea 1166, var. y, 1167

Shore-weed

Plantain a larges feuilles (Fr.)

come de cerf (Fr.)

lance'ole(Fr.)

maritime (Fr.)

moyen (Fr.)

PLATAN' THEE A

al'hida, Liudl 1461

bifo'lia, Lindl. ... 1463 & 1464

Reich 1464

chloran'tha, Reich 1463

monta'na, Reich, til 1463

solstitia'lis, Bonn 1464

vir'idis, Liudl 1462

48
52
49
51
46
47
71
48
52

270
270
284
264
2
144

109
69

175
175
175
173
167

170
171
171
170
167
167
167
172
172
172
172
169
175
175
171
174
168
170
173
175
168
174
171
173
170

103
105
106
107
107
106
105

n.
ii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
x.

Vll.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

294

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE

Platterbsenartige Wicke (Ger.)

Ploughman's Spikenard 767

Plum, Wild 410

Plume-Thistle, Creeping ...693 & 694

PO'A

airoi'des, Kol 1750

ALPI'NA, Linn 1762

angustifo'lia, Linn

AN'NUA, Linn 1760

aquat'ica, Linn 1751

Balfour'ii, Bab 1767

Parn 1767

var. amhig'ua, Syme

var. monta'na, Bab

Bor'reri, Hook. & Arn. ... 1756

BULBO'SA, Linn 1761

cie'sia, Reich 1767

_ Bab 1766

Sm 1765

ceuis'ia, All

— - COMPRES'SA, Linn. ... 1770

-Parn 1770

var- polyno'da, Syme

crista'ta, Willd 1746

decum'bens, With 1745

[dissitiflo'ra, R. & S.] (ex-

cluded)

■ dis'tans, Linn 1755

distichophyl'la, Gaud

el'egans, DC 1764

eu-glau'ca, Syme 1766

eu-lax'a, Syme 1764

flexuo'sa, Sm 1764

flu'itans, Scop 1752 & 1753

Hook. & Arn 1752

var. 0, Hook. & Arn. 1753

GLAU'CA, Sm 1765-1767

Sm 1766

var. a, Sm. (partly) 1767

var. a, Sm. (partly) 1766

var. /8, Sm 1765

Koh'lerhVC

lax'a, Auct. Plur 1764

Bab 1763

Hanke 1763 & 1764

var. mi'nor, Hook. fil. 1764

var. vivip'ara, Ander. 1763

lolia'cea, Huds 1759

marit'irua, Huds 1754

mi'nor. Bab 1764

— Gaud ,

monta'na, Parn

NEMOPvA'LIS, Linn.

1768 & 1769

var. angustifo'lia,

ram

var. coarcta'la, Gaud

var. divarica'ta, Syme

var. glau'ca, Bub

Hook. fil.... 1765-1767

PAGE

99

99

118

19

94
114
127
111
100
121
121
121
121
105
112
121
119
118
120
125
125
126
88
87

VOL.

iii.

v.

iii.

XI.

xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.

201

xi.

104

xi.

120

xi.

116

xi.

119

xi.

116

xi.

116

xi.

96

xi.

97

xi.

98

xi.

118

xi.

119

xi.

121

xi.

119

xi.

118

xi.

129

xi.

116

xi.

116

xi.

115

xi.

116

xi.

116

xi.

110

xi.

102

xi.

116

xi.

117

xi.

121

xi.

122

123
123
124
124
118

PLATE PAOE VOL.

PO'A

var. glaucan'tha, Reich. ... 124 xi.

var. monta'na, Bab 121 xi.

var. Parnel'lii, Hook.

& Am 1769 124 xi.

var. vulga'ris, Gaud. 1768 123 xi.

var. 8, Hook. & Arn. 1766 119 xi,

var. e, Hook. & Arn. 1767 121 xi.

Parnel'lii, Bab 1769 124 xi.

polyno'da, Parn 126 xi.

PRATEN'SIS, Linn.

1771 & 1772 127 xi.

Sm 1771 127 xi.

var. angustifo'lia,

Gaud 127 xi.

var. strigo'sa, Gaud 128 xi.

var. subcseru'lea, Sm. 1772 128 xi.

var. vulga'ris, Gaud. 1771 127 xi.

procum'bens, Curt 1757 107 xi.

rig'ida, Linn 175S 108 xi.

sca'bra, Ehrh 1773 129 xi.

stric'ta, Lindeb 1763 116 xi.

subcseru'lea, Sm 1772 128 xi.

subcompres'sa, Parn 126 xi.

[Sudet'ica, Hanke'] (excluded) ... 201 xi.

supi'na, Schrad 112 xi.

sylvat'ica, Poll. ... 1787 & 1788 148 xi.

TRIYIA'LIS, Linn 1773 129 xi.

var. Ko'leri, Syme 129 xi.

var. sca'bra, Syme 129 xi.

Poet's Narcissus 1504 162 ix.

Poirier acerbe (Fr.) 255 iii.

commun (Fr.) 252 iii.

Pois e'ternel (Fr.) 107 iii.

maritime (Ft.) 110 iii.

Polei (Ger.) 24 vii.

POLEMONIUM

CERU'LEUM, Linn 922 82 vi.

Foleyblattrige Grdnke (Ger.) 31 vi.

Follich's Simse(Ger.) 66 x.

Polycarpe a quatre feuilles (Fr.) 134 ii.

POLYCAE'PON

TETRAPHYL'LUM,

Linn, fil 258 133 ii.

POLYG'ALA

ama'ra, Don 1S8 38 ii.

AUSTRI'ACA, Crantz ... 189 40 ii.

var. uligino'sa, Syme 189 40 ii.

CALCA'REA, F. Schultz 188 38 ii.

Lebel 36 ii.

depres'sa, Wend 187 3S ii.

eu-vulga'ris, Syme... 185 & 186 35 ii.

oxyp'tera, Reich 186 36 ii.

serpylla'cea, Weihe 187 3S ii.

uligino'sa, Reich 1S9 40 ii.

VULGA'RIS, Linn. ... 185-187 35 ii.

Benth 185-189 40 ii.

Koch 1S5 & 186 35 ii.

Reich 185 35 ii.

IXDEX.

295

PLATE

POLYG'ALA

vulga'ris. var. a, Bab. 185 & 186

var. ft Hook. & Am. 188

var. depres'sa. Bab — 187

var. grandiflo'ra, Bab

. var. oxyp'tera, Syme... 186

Polygala common (Ft.)

cTAutriche (Fr.)

POLYGONATUH

intermedium, Boi

MULTIFLO'ROI, ATI.... 1513

OFFICINALE, All 1512

var. interme'dium,

Syme

YERTICILLATOI, AIL 1511

vulga're. Bor 1512

Desf. 1512

POLYGONUM

agresti'num. Jord

AMPHIB'IUM, Linn.

1241 & 1242

var. na'tans. Syme ... 1242

var. terres'tre, Syme 1241 ,

arenas'trum, Bor 1230

aviculu're. Bar 1229

AYICULATtE, Linn.

1229-1231

Linn. Herb

agresti'nuni. Jord

a renas'trum, Jord. ... 1230

littora'le, Link

microsper'mum, Jord

ruriva'gum, Jord. ... 1231

vulga'tum, Jord 1229

bifor'me, Wahl 1238

BISTOR'TA. Linn 1243

COXYOL'YULUS. Linn. 1227

var. pseudo-dumeto'-

rum, Wats

dnhium. G-ren. & Godr. ... 1236

DOIETO'RUM- Linn. ... 1228

FAGOPY'RUM, Lin*. ... 1226

HYDROPI'PER. Linn. ... 1234

lapathifo'lium, Auct 1239

LAPATHIFO'LIOI.

Linn 1239 & 1240

var. nodo'sum, Syme 1240

laz'um, Reich 1240

littora'le, Gren. & Godr. ... 1232

Link

MARIT'DIOL Linn. ... 1233

var. Benth 1232

microsper'mum, Jord

MTNTTS, Huds 1235

MITE, Schrank 1236

nodo'sum, Pens. ? 1238

Reich 1240

PERSICA'RIA, Linn.

1237 & 1238

35

38
38
35
36
37
41

179
177
17S

179
176
179
178

64 viii.

77 viii.

.... viii.

.... viii.

65 viii.
65 viii.

IX.

ix.

63 viii.

64 viii.

64

viii.

65

viii.

67

viii.

66

viii.

67

viii.

65

viii.

74

viii.

78

viii.

61

viii.

61

viii

73

viii

62

viii

59

viii

70

viii

76

viii

75 vm.

76 viii.
76 viii.

68

viii.

67

viii.

69

viii.

68

viii

66

viii.

72

viii

73

viii

74

viii

76

viii

PLATE

POLYGONUM

Persica'ria. var. ela'tum.

Gr. & Godr 1238

RA'II, Bab 1232

Rober'ti, Hook. & Arn. ... 1232

ruriva'gum, Jord 1231

YIYIPAROI, Linn. ... 1244

POLYPO'DIUM

aculea'tvm, Huds 1861

a:' nudum, Ait 1858

alpes'tre, Bab 1870

var. flex'ile, Moore ... 1871

Hoppe 1870 & 1871

var. pu'mila, Hook. &

Arn 1870

alpi'num, "Wulfen 1866

Arvon'icum, Sm 1863

calca'reum, Sm 1846

callip'teris, Ehrli 1853

Cam'bricum, Linn

crista'tum, Linn 1S53

JJryop'teris. Linn 1845

var. a. Ledeb 1845

var. calca'reum, Gr. &

Godr 1846

var. Bobertia'num,

Ruprecht 1846

Fi'lix-fa'mina, Linn 1869

Fi'lix-mas, Linn 1850

fl.es' He, Moore 1871

fon ta 'nurn, Linn 1S72

frag' He, Linn 1864-1S67

fra'grans, Yillars 1851

hyperbor'eum, Swartz 1863

Lhen'se, Swartz 1862

leptophyHum, Linn 1843

loba'tum, Huds I860

Lonchi'tis, Linn 1859

monta'num, Lam 1868

Yogler 1849

multiflo'rum, Roth 1857

myrrhidifo'lium, Yillars ... 1S6S

Oreop'teris, Ehrh 1849

palus'tre, Salisb 1848

Phegop'teris, Linn 1847

Rhx'ticum 'Pallas,' Fries

1870 & 1871

re'gium, Linn. ? 1866

rig'idum, Hoffm 1S51

Bobertia'num, Hoflin 1846

" setii" erum, Forsk." 1861

spinulo'sum, Muller 1855

thdyp'terh, Linn 1848

YULGARE. Linn 1842

var. cam'bricum, WtOd. ...

var. ere na 't urn. "Woll

var. omnilac'trum,

Moore

var. serra'tum, Willi

Polypody, Common 1842

PAGE

VOL.

74

viii.

68

viii.

68

viii.

67

viii.

80

viii.

95

xii.

88

xii.

113

xii.

115

xii.

112

xii.

115

xii.

104

xii.

99

xii.

48

xii.

70

xii.

39

xii.

70

xii.

46

xii.

46 xii.

4S xii.

48 xii.
108 xii.

57

xii.

115

xii.

117

xii.

101

xii.

65

xii.

99

xii.

98

xii.

42

xii.

92

xii.

90

xii.

106

xii.

54

xii.

82

xii.

106

xii.

54

xii.

52

xii.

50

xii.

112

xii

101.104 xii.

65

xii.

48

xii.

95

xii.

77

xii.

52

xii.

38

xii.

39

xii.

41

xii.

41

xii.

39

xii.

38

Xii.

296

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE

Polvpody, Limestone 1846 48

. . Mountain 1S47 50

POLYPO'GON

Lagas'cas, R. & S 1714 41

LITTORA'LIS, Sm 1714 41

MOXSPELIEVSIS.-De*/. 1713 40

POLYS'TICHUM

dbtrevia'tvm, DC 61

aarfca'tum, Roth I860 92

ajji'n e, Ledeb 59

ala'tum, Moore 1861 96

AXGULA'RE, Presl 1861 95

. var. ala'tum, Moore 96

var. grac'ile, Wollast 96

var. hastula'tum, Kunze ... 96

Braun'ii, Fe~e 97

GWKp'ferw, DO 1853 70

crista'tum, Both 1853 70

Fi'lix-mas, Roth 1S50 57

var. abbrevia'tum,

Gren.&Godr 1850 61

grac'ile, Wollaston 1861 96

hastula'tum. Kunze 1S61 96

LOBA'TUM, Presl I860 92

var. aculea'tum, Syme 93

LOXCHITIS, Roth 1859 90

monta'num, Roth 1849 54

multiflo'rum, Both 1S57 82

Oreoj/teris, DC 1S49 54

foAutltre, Salinb 1848 52

ritfidum, DC 1851 65

spino'sum, Roth 1855 / /

epinvkfsvm, var. dilata'tum.

Koch 1S57 82

var. vulga're. Koch... 1855 77

strigo'sum, Roth 1851 65

tcnaeetifo'lium, DC 84

Thelyp'teris, Both 1848 52

Pomeranzenblumiges Habichts-

hraut (Ger.) 167

Pond-Sedge, Greater 1679 176

—Lesser 1678 166

Pondweed, Curled 1413 44

Fan-like 1421 53

Fennel-leaved 1422 54

Flat-stemmed 1418 49

Floating 1399 27

Grasswrack-leaved... 1415 46

Grassy 1417 48

Great, var. a 1408 38

var. £ 1409 39

Hair-leaved- 1420 52

Lanceolate 1405 35

Long-leaved 1410 41

Long-stalked 1411 42

Oblong-leaved 1400 29

Opposite-leaved 1414 45

Perfoliate 1412 43

Plantain-leaved 1401 30

-Reddish 1402 31

VOL.

xii.
xii.

xi.
xi.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

PLATE PAGE

Pondweed, Ribbon-leaved 1403 32

Sharp-leaved 1416 47

Shining 1407 37

-Slender-leaved 1424 55

Small 1419 50

. Various-leaved 1406 36

Willow-leaved 1404 34

Poor Man's Parmacetic 152 212

Pepper 153 213

Rhubarb 2 4

Poplar, Black 1302 199

Grey 1300 195

White 1299 193

Poppy, Common Garden 57 84

Common Red 58 88

Corn 5S 88

Mongrel 62 93

Opium 57 84

Prickly-headed 61 92

Red Horn 65 97

Round Prickly-headed... 62 93

Sleep-bearing 57 84

Smooth-headed 60 91

Violet Horn 64 96

Welsh 63 94

White 57 84

Yellow 63 94

Horn 66 98

Populage des marais (Fr.) 52

POP'ULTJS

al'ba, Auct. PI 1299 192

AL'BA, Linn. ... 1299 & 1300 192

var. a, Bromf. 1299 192

var. /B, Bromf. 1300 194

Bachhof'fii, Wierzb 194

[balsamif'era, Linn.'] (excluded) 262

[can'dicans, Ait.] (excluded) ... 262

canes'cens, Reich 196

Sm 1300 194

[dilata'ta, Ait.] (excluded) 261

eu-al'ba 1299 192

hyh'rida,U.B 1300 194

[monilif era, Ait] (ex-

cluded) 262

XI'GRA, Linn 1302 198

TREMTLA. Linn 1301 196

var. gla'bra, Syme 196

var. villo'sa. Syme 196

rillo'sa, Lange 196

Porcelle a longues racines (Fr.) 130

g/aore (Fr.) 129

tache'e (Fr.) 130

Portland Spurge 1264 111

Portulahartige Keilmelde (Ger.) 37

POTAMOGE'TON

acumina'tus, Schum 38

ACUTIFO'LIUS, Link.... 1416 46

alpi'nus, Bo.\b 1402 30

colora'tus, Wallr 1401 29

compres'sui, Fries 1415 45

IX.

ix.

l.
viii.
viii.
viii.

i.

i.

i.

vm.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
v.

Vlll.

viii.

INDEX.

297

PLATE PAGE VOL.

POTAMOGETON

compres'sus. Sin 1418 48 ix.

cornu'tum. Presl 3S ix.

. CEISTL'S, L 1413 43 ix.

euspida'tus, Sin 1415 45 ix.

Jectp'tcna, Nolte 1409 39 ix.

DEN'SUS, L 1414 44 ix.

eurpecturftus, Byrne 1422 & 1423 53 ix.

FILIFOmilS," Xolte ...1424 55 ix.

rkbella'tus, Bab 1421 53 ix.

[rlu'itans, Both] (excluded) 63 ix.

Sm 1402 30 ix.

[gracilis, Frits'] excluded^ 64 ix.

gramin'eus, Fries 1406 35 ix.

Sm 1417 47 ix.

HETEROPHYL'LUS,

Schreb 1406 35 ix.

Horneman'ni, Meyp* 1401 29 ix.

Kirk'ii,Syme 1403 31 ix.

lanceola'tus, Reich 1404 33 ix.

LANCEOLA'TUS, Sm. ... 1405 34 ix.

LONCHTTIS, (?) Tuck... 1404 33 ix.

LONGIFO'LIUS, Gay ... 1410 40 ix.

Weens, Auct. PI 1408 38 ix.

LtFCENS, Linn... 1408 & 1409 38 ix.

var. acumina'tus,

Syme 38 ix.

var. decip'ieus, Syme 39 ix.

macrophyUus, YTolfg 1410 40 ix.

mari'nus, Linn 1424 55 ix.

mari'nus, Huds 1423 54 ix.

monog'unus. Gay 1420 51 ix.

MTJCBONATUS, Schrad. 1418 48 ix.

NATANS, And 1399 26 ix.

nigres'eens, (?) Fr 1405 S4&43 ix.

NTTENS, Web 1407 36 ix.

oblon'gus, Viv 1400 27 ix.

OBTUSIFO'LIUS. M. &

E 1417 47 ix.

Oe'deri, Meyer 1418 48 ix.

pectina'tus, Bab 1422 53 ix.

PECTINA'TUS, L. 1821-1823 52 ix.

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1422 53 ix.

var. B- Hook. & Arn. 1421 53 ix.

var. dichot'omas,

Walk 1421 53 ix.

var. scopa'rius, WaJlr. 1423 54 ix.

PEEFOLIATUS, L 1412 42 ix.

PLANTAGIN'EUS, Ducr. 1401 29 ix.

POLYGONIFO'LITS,

Pourr 1400 27 ix.

var. ericeto'rum, Syme 28 ix.

var. pseudo-flu'itans,

Syme 28 ix.

PEJELON'GUS, TTW. ... 1411 41 ix.

PUSIL'LUS, L 1419 49 ix.

pusillus, var. ma'jor,

Fries 1418 48 ix.

var. tenuis'simus,

Fries ; 50 ix.

FLATB tXH-E

POTAMOGETON

EUFES'CENS, Schrad. ... 1402 80

var. homophylTus,

Syme 31

salicifo'lius, (?) Wolfg 1404 33

serra'tas, Huds 44

SPAEGANHFO'LirS,

Bab 1403 31

Bab. (ex parte) 1404 33

Lastad 32

TEICHOI'DES, Cham. ... 1420 51

tubrcula'tus, Ten. & Guss. 1420 51

radUan'tii,R.&S 1421 53

zostera'ceu-s, Bab. (plim) ... 1421 53

ZOSTEEIFO'LIUS,

Schum 1415 45

Potamot a feuilles acumine'es

(Fr.) ; 47

■ cajjiUaires

(Fr.) 52

obtuses (Fr.) 48

cre'pu (Fr.) 44

en dents de peigne (Fr.) 54

flexueuse (Fr.) 42

fluet(FT.) 51

'luisant (Fr.) 40

nageant (Fr.) 27

perfolie'^Fr.) 43

plantain (Fr.) 30

rousdtre (Fr.) 31

serre'(Fr.) 45

POTEXTIL'LA

[al'ba. Linn.'] (excluded) 260

ALPES'TEIS, HaU.fil... 429 145

ANSEBTNA, Linn 433 149

au'rea, Smith 429 145

ABGENTEA, Linn 435 151

OOM'ABUM, Netsa 437 153

eurTormentiHa, Syme 430 146

FBAGABIASTBUM,

Ehrh 427 143

FEUTICO'SA, Linn 436 152

[interme'dia, Nest.] (ex-

cluded) 260

mix'ta, Xolte 148

[ppa'ca, Sm.] (excluded) 260

pab.ts'tris. Scop 437 153

procum'bens, Sibth 431 147

EEP'TANS, Linn 432 148

BUPESTBIS, Linn 434 150

salisburgen'sis, Hanke 429 145

SIBBAL'DI, Hall f. (by

error P. Sibbaldia) 426 142

Bfct/tKs,Garoke 427 143

svlves'tris, Xeck 430 146

TOEMENTIL'LA, Schenk.

430 & 431 146

Sibth 430 146

var. o, Hook. & Arn. 430 146

var. B, Hook. & Arn. 431 147

in.
iii.
iii.
iii.

iii.

in.
iii.

m.
iii.
iii.

298

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAOE VOL.

POTENTILXA

[tridenta'ta, S?n.] (excluded) 260 iii.

YER'NA. Linn 428 144 iii.

var. Benth 429 145 iii.

Potentate alpestre (Fr.) 145 iii.

argente'e (Ft.) 152 iii.

couche'e (Ft.) 148 iii.

des rochers (Ft.) 151 iii.

du printemps (Ft.) 145 iii.

fraisier (Ft.) 144 iii.

llgneuse (Ft.) 152 iii.

POTE'KIUM

dictyocar'pum, Spach 419 133 iii.

Magno'lii, Spach 135 iii.

MURICATOI, Spacft ... 420 134 iii.

var. platylo'phium,

Syme 135 iii.

var. stenolo'phium,

Syme 135 iii.

platylo'phium, Jord 420 135 iii.

polyg'amum? W. & K 420 134 iii.

■ SANGUISOR'BA, Linn. 419 133 iii.

var. murica'tum,

Benth 420 134 iii.

stenolo'phium, J ord 420 135 iii.

Preisselheere (Ger.) 23 vi.

PRENAN'THES

mura'lis, Linn 808 150 v.

[purpu'rea, Linn.] (ex-

cluded) 217 v.

Primcvere du printemps (Ft.) 132.134vii.

farintuse (Fr.) 138 vii.

inodore (Ft.) 135 vii.

Prim-print 904 60 vi.

Primrose, Birdseve 1134 138 vii.

Common 1129 132 vii.

Common Evening 508 24 iv.

Scottish Birdseve 1135 139 vii.

Sweet-scented Evening 509 26 iv.

PRIMULA

acau'lis, Jacq 1129 131 vii.

breiisty'la, DC 1132 136 vii.

ela'tior, Auct. Angl 1132 136 vii.

ELA'TIOR, Jacq 1131 135 vii.

FARINO'SA, Linn 1134 13S vii.

var. Duby 1135 138 vii.

grandiflo'ra, Lam 1129 131 vii.

intrica'ta, Gren. & Godr. 1132 136 vii.

OFFICINALIS, Jacq. ... 1130 133 vii.

officina'li-vulga'ris, Syme

1132 & 1133 136 vii.

SCOT'ICA, Hook 1135 138 vii.

sylves'tris, Scop 1129 131 vii.

Thomasi'nii, Gren. & Godr. 1132 136 vii.

variab'ilis, Goupil 1132 136 vii.

iv'm, Huds 1130 133 vii.

var. a, Benth 1129 131 vii.

var. b, Benth 1130 133 vii.

var. acau'lis, Linn.... 1129 131 vii.

PLATB PAG2

PRLM'ULA

ve'ris, var. ela'tior, Linn.... 1131 135

var. officinalis, Linn. 1130 133

VULGARIS, Huds 1129 131

var. caules'cens, Bab. 1132 136

var. variab'ilis, Bab. 1132 136

Privet, Common 904 60

Hawk-moth 61

PRUNEL'LA

VULGARIS, Linn 1059 46

Prunier a grappes (Fr.) 124

cerise (Ft.) 123

domestique (Fr.) 118

e'pineux (Ft.) 115

sauvage (Ft.) 117

PRU'NUS

AVIUM, Linn 411 119

CER'ASUS, Linn 412 122

var. A'rium, Benth.... 411 119

COMMUNIS, Ends.... 408-410 114

var. domes' tica, Bab. 410 118

var. insitit'ia, Bab. ... 409 117

var. spino'sa, Bab. ... 408 114

domes'tica, Linn 410 118

insitit' ia, Linn 409 117

PA'DUS, Linn 413 123

spino'sa, Linn 408 114

var. coetanea, Syme 115

PSAM'MA

ARENA'RIA, R. & S. ... 1722 51

[Bal'tica, B. & £.] (ex-

cluded) 200

littora'lis, P. de B 1722 51

PSEUDATHYR'IUM

alpes'tre, Newm 1S70 113

flex'ile, Newm 1871 115

P TAP' MICA

vulga'ris, DC 730 59

PTEE'IS

AQUILI'NA, Linn 1S86 145

var. integer'rima,

Moore 146

cris'pa, Linn 1844 44

PUCCINEL'LIA

dis'tans, Pari 1755 104

marit'ima, Pari 1754 102

PULEG'IUM

vulga're, Mill 1041 & 1042 23

PULICA'EIA

dysenter'ica, G'artn 770 102

vulgaris G'artn 771 103

Pulmonaire a feuilles €troites

(Fr.) 92

officinale (Ft.) 93

PULMOXAEIA

ANGUSTIFOLIA, Linn. 1097 91

azu'rea, Bess 1097 91

vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
iii.

in.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.

xn.

xii.

xn.
xii.

vn.
vii.

vn.

vii.

INDEX.

299

PLATE PAGE VOL.

PULMONA'EIA

maritfvma, Linn 1099 93

OFFICINALIS, Linn. ... 1098 92

tubero'sa, Schrank 92

PULSATILLA

vulga'ris, Mill 9 10

Punktirter Friedlos (Ger.) 147

Purging Buckthorn 318 227

Flax 289 181

Purgir-Lein (Ger.) 181

Purpurblauer Steinsame (Ger.) 95

Purpurrothe Fetthenne (Ger.) 50

Taubnessel (Ger.) 73

Purpurrothes Knabenkraut (Ger.) 94

Purpur Weide (Ger.) 219

Purslane, Sea 239 106

1208 37

Water- 493 5

Pyramidenformige Hundswurz

(Ger.) 92

Pyramidenformiger G tinsel (Ger. ) 79

Pyrenaischer Kranichschnabel

(Ger.) 197

PYBETH'BUM

inodtfywm, Sm 717 & 718 46

[macrophyl'lum, Willd.]

(excluded) 216

marit'imum, Sm 718 46

Parthen'ium, Sua 715 43

PY'KOLA

marit'ima, Ken 896 47

. ME'DIA, Sw 897 48

MI'NOR, Linn 898 49

ro'sea, Sm 898 49

EOTUNDIFO'LIA, Linn.

895 & 896 46

var. arena'ria, Koch. . . 896 47

. var. bractea'ta, Hook.

&Arn 896 47

SECUN'DA, Linn 899 50

UNIFLO'RA, Linn 900 51

Pyrole a feuittes rondes (Fr.) 48

a style court (Ft.) 50

uniflore (Fr.) 52

unilateral (Fr.) 51

PY'EUS

acer'ba,DC. 489 255

Ach'ras, Boreau 488 (Fig. 2) 252

A'RIA, Hook 4S2-485 242

Ehrh. (in part) 482 243

Ehrh. (in part) 483 244

var. J3, Hook. & Arn. 485 247

var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 484 245

AUCUP A'RIA, Giirtn. ... 486 248

COMMUNIS, Linn 488 251

pyras'ter, Linn 251

DOMES'TICA, Sm 487 250

eu-A'ria, Syme 482 243

fen'nica, Bab 485 247

Vll.

vii.
vii.

i.

vii.
ii.
ii.

IV.

vii.

ix.
viii.

ii.
viii.

iv.

VI.

vi.

VI.

vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.

vi.

iii.
iii.

PLATE PAOB

PY'EUS

interme'dia, " Ehrh." Lindl. 484 245

MA/LUS, Linn. ... 489 & 490 255

DC 490 256

var. acer'ba, Bab. ... 489 255

var. ac'ida, Wallr. ... 489 255

var. gla'bra, Koch . . . 489 255

var. mi't is, Wallr. ... 490 256

var. sati'va, Leight.... 490 256

var. sylces'tris, Leight. 489 255

var. tormento'sa, Koch 490 256

mi'tis, Syme 490 256

pinnatif'ida, " Ehrh."

Lindl 485 247

[ "Ehrh." Smith, in 247}

part] (excluded) 261/

Pyras'ter, Boreau ... 488 (Fig. 1) 251

rupic'ola, Syme 483 244

scan'dica, Bab 484 245

[semipinna'ta, BotK] (ex-

cluded) 261

TORMINA'LIS, Ehrh. ... 481 241

P yr us pommier (Ft.)... 256

Quaking-grass, Common 1774

Small 1775

Queen-of-the-Meadow 415

Queen's Gilliflower 103

Quellenranke (Ger.)

QUEL'TIA

fm'tida, Herb 1502

incompara'bilis, Haw 1502

Quendel Seide (Ger.)

Quendelblattriges Sandkraut (Ger.) ...

Querbldttrige Weisswurz (Ger.)

QUEE'CUS

[Cer'ris, Linn.~\ (excluded)

interme'dia, Don

peduncula'ta, Willd 1288

RO'BUR, Linn 1288 & 1289

Sm 1288

Willd 1289

var. sessiliflo'ra,

Hook. & Arn 1289

sessiliflo'ra, Salish 1289

Don 1289

Querlbluthiges Tausendblate (Ger.) ...

Queue de souris (Fr.)

Quillwort, Lake 1826, 1826*, & 1827

Prickly-spored 1827

Spiny 1828

in.
iii.
iii.

in.
iii.

Quintefeuille (Fr.)

Quirlbldttrige (Ger.)

Quirlbliithige Knospelblume (Ger.)

131

xi.

132

xi.

127

iii.

151

i.

478

i.

160

ix.

160

ix.

91,9c

vi.

103

ii.

177

ix.

261

viii.

157

viii.

145

viii.

145

viii.

145

viii.

157

viii.

157

viii.

157

viii.

157

viii.

32

iv.

15

i.

4,5

xii.

7

xii.

8

XI

149

iii.

110

iv.

181

vii.

300

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAQE

Rabbit'e-mouth 953 131

EADI'OLA

linoi'des, Gmel 288 179

MILLEGEA'NA, Sm. ... 288 179

Badiole faux-lin (Fr.) 180

Badis sauvage (Fr.) 121

Radish, Great Water 128 182

Sea 82 123

Small Jagged Water ... 127 181

Wild 81 121

Ragged Eobin 212 71

Ragwort, Broad-leaved 757 88

Common 755 85

Great Feu 758 88

■ Hoary 754 84

■ Inelegant 753 83

Marsh 756 87

Rain/am (Ger.) 45

Baiponce en €pi (Fr.) 7

orbiculaire (Fr.) 6

Rampion Bell-flower 872 15

■ Round-headed 864 6

■ Spiked 865 7

Ramsons 1540 219

Banke (Ger.) 143

Bankenbldttriger Baldgreis (Ger.) 84

EANUN'CULUS

A'CRIS, Linn 33 37

Jord 33 38

• Reich 38

■ var. rec'tus, Syme 38

■ var. Steve'ni, Syme 38

var. vulga'tus, Syme 38

[alpes'tris, Linn."], excluded 70

• AQUAT'ILIS, Linn 17-21 19

Auct. Plur 17 & 18 19

■ Benth 15-24 29

— 7, Sm 15 16

8, Sm 16 17

ARYEN'SIS, Linn 38 46

var. iner'mis, Gr. &

Godr 46

AURI'COMUS, Linn 32 36

Bach'ii, Wirtg IS

BAUDOTII, Godr. ... 22 & 23 24

• Gr. &Godr 22 25

■ var. confu'sus, Syme 23 25

■ var. vulga'ris, Syme 22 25

Borcea'uus, Jord 39

BULBO'SUS, Linn 35 41

cazno'sus, Gr. & Godr. et

Auct. Plur 25 28

Guss 26 29

Caleya'nus, Don 41

eaUhmfo'lius, "Bluff." 48

Jord 49

CIRCINATUS, Sib 15 16

confu'sus, Gr. & Godr 23 25

divarica'tus, Schrank 15 16

Droue'tii, Schultz 20 22

VOL.

vi.

VI.

vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
ix.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EANUN'CULUS

eu-a'cris, Syme 33 38

eu-Fica'ria, Syme 39 47

eu-Flam'niula, Syme 29 33

FICA'RIA, Linn 39 47

Jord 39 48

F. Schultz 39 47

var. calfhiefo'lius, Guss. ... 49

var. diver' gens, Schultz 39 48

var. /8. incum'bens, F.

Schultz 48

ficariaBfor'mis, F. Schultz 49

ficarioi'des, Bor. & Chant 49

filifor'm is, Mich 30 34

FLAM'MULA, Sm. ... 21 & 30 33

Linn, et Auct. Plur. 29 33

0. Auct. Plur 30 34

8, Sm 30 34

var. pseudo-rep'tans,

Syme 34

var. suberec'tus, Syme 34

floribun'dus, Bab 18 20

FLU'ITANS, Lam 16 17

var. Bach'ii, Syme 18

var. peucedanifo'lius,

Syme 16 18

fluviat'ilis, " Wigg.," Wall 16 17

Friesia'nus, Jordan 39

Godro'nii, F. Schultz 24

[gramiu'eus, Linn."], ex-

cluded 70

HEDERA'CEUS, Linn.... 26 29

heterophyl'lus, Bab 19 21

HIRSUTUS, Curt 36 43

LENORMAN'DI, Schultz 25 28

LIN'GUA, Linn 31 35

mari'nus, Fries 26

OPHIOGLOSSIFO'LIUS,

Vill 28 32

PARVIFLO'RUS, Linn. 37 45

par'vulus, L 44

pelta'tus, Fries 17 & 18 19

Bab 17 19

"Schrank," Boreaii 19 21

var. floribun'dus,

Syme 18 20

var. pseudo-flu'itans,

Syme 20

var. vulga'ris, Syme 17 19

peucedanifo'lius, Dest. 16 18

Philono'tis, Ehrh 36 43

pseudo-flu'itans, Newbould 20

ra'dians, Rev 24

rec'tus, " Bauh." Boreau 3S

RE'PENS, Linn 34 40

rep'tans, Linn 30 34

Thuill 34

sar'dous, Crantz 36 43

SCELERA'TUS, Linn. ... 27 31

stagna'lis, Wall 15 16

IXDEX.

PLATB PAGE VOL.

EAXTJN'CULUS

Stev'eni, " Andrz.,'' Boreau 23

trichophyl'lus, Chaix, 21

tri'lobus. Desf.

TRIPARITTUS, DC. ... 24

var. flu'itans, Godr

var. terres'tris, Godr. 24

rulga'tus, Jord

Eanunhel (Ger.)

Rape 88

Eapette couchee (TV.)

BAPHANISTR UM

mar it' i mum, Reich 82

seg'etum, Reich 81

EAPH'ANUS

MARIT'DIUS, Sm. 82

RAPHAXIS'TRUM, Linn. 81

Eapunzel Glockenblume (Ger.)

Basenartiges Vergissmeinnicht

(Ger.)

Bast nsimse (Ger.)

Raspberry 442

Lees' 443

Bauclie Saudistel (Ger.)

Eauhaarige Trespe (Ger.)

Eauhaariger Eibisch (Ger.)

Bauhhaariger Schotenweiderich

(Ger.)

Eauhaariges Harthen (Ger.)

Veilchen (Ger.)

38

23

44

27

27

27

38

17
134
121 v

122
120

122 L

120 i.

12, 15 vi.

98 vii.

56 s.

161 iii.

162 iii.
154 v.
158 xi.

163 ii.

IV.

Bauh- or Sand-Hafer (Ger.)

Bauhe Nellie (Ger.)

Bauher Igellock (Ger.)

Eauschbeere (Ger.)

Reed, Common 1727

Benoncule (Fr.)

afeuiUes de lierre (Fr.)

lulbe use (Fr.)

flammetie (Fr.)

sce'le'rate (Fr.)

Benoue'e afeuiUes de patience (Fr.) ...

amphibie (Fr.)

bistorte (Fr.)

des luissons (Fr.)

des petits oiseaux (Fr.)

— fludte (Fr.)

— liseron (Fr.)

— maritime (Fr.) ....

— persicaire (Fr.)

— poivre d'eau (Fr.)

— sarrasine (Fr.) ....

— iivipare (Fr.) ....

RESEDA

al'ba, Linn 163

LU'TEA. Linn 162

LU'TEOLA, Linn 164

SUFFRUTICULO'SA,

Linn. '. 163

VOL. XII.

11

158 ii.

18 ii.

78 xi.

46 ii.

124 viii.

24 vi.

58 xi.
16-70 i.

30 i.

42 i.

35 i.

32 i.

77 viii.

78 viii.

79 viii.

63 viii.

64 viii.

r iT9

I 73

62 viii.

70 viii.
75 viii.

71 viii.
60 viii.
81 viii.

3 ii
2 ii.

4 ii.

vii .
viii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EESE'DA

unda'ta, Reich 163 3 ii.

Be'se'da gaude (Fr.) 5 ii.

jaune (Fr.) 3 ii.

sauvage (Fr.) 3 ii.

Rest-Harrow, Procumbent 331 18 iii.

Small Spreading 332 19 iii.

Upright 330 16 iii.

EHAM'XUS

CATHARTIC US, Linn. 318 226 ii.

FRAX'GULA, Linn 319 228 ii.

Bhinanthe a grandes flours (Fr.) 182 vi.

a petites fieurs (Fr.) 181 vi.

RHIX AX/THUS

angusHfolius, Gmel 999 181 vi.

CRISTA-GAL'LI, Linn.

998 & 999 180 vi.
Sm 998 180 vi.

ma'jor, Ehrh 999 181 vi.

var. ala'tuj, Syme 182 vi.

. var. ap'terus, Fries 182 vi.

var. glabra, F. Schultz 999 181 vi.

mi'nor, Ehrh 998 180 vi,

Beichenbac'hii, Drej 182 vi

RHODTOLA

ro'sea, Linn 525 48

Rbubarb, Monk's 1221 53

EHYXCHOSPOEA

AL'BA, Vahl 1582 46

var. sor'dida, Syme 47

FUS'CA, Bom. & Schult. 1581 45

Ribbon Grass 1697 20

leaved Pondweed 1303 32

EI'BES

ALPI'XOI, Linn 519

GROSSULARIA, Linn. 511

var. glandulo'sum,

Syme 518

var. Uva-cris'pa, Syme 518

NI'GRUM, Linn 523

petrse'um, Sm 521

40
38

38
38

45

44

Wulfen 45

RU'BRUM, Linn 520-522 41

Sm 520 42

var. petrse'um, Auct.

Angl 521 44

var. sati'vum, Reicb.... 520 42

var. spica'tum, Auct.

Angl 522

var. sylves'tre, Bromf. 44

var. sylves'tre, Reich.

521 & 522

sati'vum, Syme 520

sp ica't u m, Robson 522

sylves'tre, Syme 521 & 522

var. Bronjfieldia'num,

Syme

var. Smithia'num,

Syme

R

IV.

viii.

xi.
ix.

44

521 44

302

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

EI'BES

TJva-cris'pa, Linn 518 38 iv.

Biesen Schwingel (Gcr.) 156 xi.

./.' ispige Segge (Ger.) 91 x.

Bifforgporn (Ger.) 63 i.

Bivin's Knabenkraut (Gter.) 95 ix.

Kock-brakes 1814 41 xii.

Rock Cress, Alpine 113 165 i.

Bristol 114 166 i.

Fringed 117 167 i.

Hairy 116 167 i.

Hutckinsia 151 210 i.

Rose, Bractless Spotted ... 165 8 ii.

Brewer's Spotted... 166 8 ii.

Common 168 11 ii.

Hoary 167 10 ii.

White 169 11 ii.

Samphire 606 143 iv.

Sedge 1613 82 x.

Spleeuwort, Smooth 1872 117 xii.

Stone-crop 806 59 iv.

White-beam 483 245 iii.

Whitlow Grass 137 194 i.

Rocket Base 162 3 ii.

Great Water 128 182 i.

Intermediate Yellow ... 123 175 i.

London 99 146 i.

Purple Sea 97 118 i.

Reiehenbach's Yellow... 121 173 i.

Small-flowered Yellow 122 174 i.

Small San.l 95 142 i.

Wall 93 140 i.

Water 126 180 i.

Yellow 120 171 i.

Roebuck-berry 440 158 iii.

441 160 iii.

ECEME'EIA

HYB'RIDA, DC. 64 95 i.

Boggen Trespe (Ger.) 166 xi.

BShrige Pferdesaat (Ger.) 125 iv.

Roman Nettle 1280 & 1281 130 viii.

Bomische Kamille (Ger.) 54 v.

BOMULE'A

Colum'we, S. &M 1192 140 ix.

Uomule'e de Columna (Fr.) 141 ix.

Bonce (For.) 158 iii.

bleudtre (Fr.) 197 iii.

com mu ne (Fr.) 163 iii.

. des rochers (Fr.) 160 iii.

frambomer (Fr.) 161 iii.

Eoquettt (Fr.) 171 i.

BOR'IPA

cmphib'ia, Linn., Sin 128 181

nasturtioi'des, Spacta 127 180

rusticu'na, Gr. & Godr. ... 129 183

RO'SA

Andegaven'sis, Bast 219

arvat'ica, Puget '-17

ARVEN'SIS, Buds 476 231

PLATE PAGE VOL.

RO'SA

amen' sis, var. y, Bofcrer 231 iii.

Bake'ri, Deseglise 473 217 iii.

bibractea'ta, Bast 231 iii.

Blond aja'na, Bip 216 iii.

BOR'RERI, Woods 471 214 iii.

trades' cens, Woods 472 220 iii.

var. 0, Woods 221 iii.

cae'sia, Sm 473*218 iii.

Borrer (in part) 223 iii.

canes'cens, Baker 222 iii.

canina, De'seglise 226 iii.

Linn 472-471 215 iii.

Woods 226 iii.

var. 7, Woods 219 iii.

[cinnamo'mia, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded) 261 iii.

celera'ta, Baker 220 iii.

colli' na, Sm 475 230 iii.

0, Woods 474 225 iii

— — cordifo'Lia, Baker 205 iii.

coriifo'lia, Fries 472 220 iii

corona'ta, Crepin 465 207 iii

Crepinia'na, Deseglise 222 iii

CRYPTOPO'DA, Baker 212 iii

[Dickso'ni, IAndl.~] (ex-

cluded) 201 iii,

Donia'na, Woods 465 207 iii

duma'lis, Bechst 225 iii

dumeto'rum, " 27/ uill." Woods ... 223 iii.

Sm 471 214 iii,

eu-hiber'nica, Baker 463 205 iii

Forste'ri, Sm 474 225 iii

gla'bra, Baker 205 iii.

grac'ilis, Woods 207 iii

HIBER'NICA, Sm 463 205 iii

inodo'ra, Borrer 471 214 iii

involu'ta, Sm 207 iii

JUNDZILLIA'NA, Besser 213 iii

[In'cida, Ehrh."] (excluded) 261 iii

lutetia'na, Lem 226 iii

MICRANTHA, Sm 469 211 iii

mollis, Sm 466 208 hi

MOLLIS'SIMA, Fries ... 466 208 iii

platyphyl'la, Bait 224 iii

platyphylloi'des, Bip 225 iii

[pomif'era, Eerm.] (ex- J209,-! ^

eluded) l~';1i

pruiuo'sa, Baker 223 iii

re'pens, Scop 476 231 iii

Robertso'ni, Baker 207 iii

RUBELLA, Sm 462 204 iii

RUBIGINO'SA. Linn. ... 46S 210 iii

SABrNI(TFooc7s).BaA-er 465 206 iii

Woods 207 iii

sarmenta'cea, Woods 225 iii

scalrius'cula, Sm 209 iii

SE'PIUM, Thuill. (Lindley)

470 212 iii
SPINOSIS'SIMA, Linn. 461 203 iii

INDEX.

30;

PLATE TAGE VOL.

ROSA

subcrista'ta, Baker

wHbglobo'sOi Sm

SYSTYLA, Woods 475

tomentel'la, Bern

TOMENTCSA, Sm 467

var. 7. Woods

uncinei'la. Bess

ur'bica, Leman 474

verticillacan'tlia. Mer. ?

vina'eea. Baker

oiUo'sa, Auct. Angl 466

WILSU'XI, Borrer 464

Wutoo'ni, Baker

Rose-Bay 495 & 496

Borrer's 471

Common Burnet 461

Guelder 639

Corn 58

Dog 474

Downy-leaved 467

flowered Bramble

Irish Burnet 463

Jundzil's

of Heaven 212

Red-fruited Burnet 462

root 525

Sabine's 465

Short-pedicelled

Soft-leaved 466

White-flowered Trailing... 576

Wild 1383

Willow, var. 7 1321

"WiLson's 464

Rose de Jundzil (Fr.)

dee haies (Fr.)

Roseau commun (Fr.)

Rosemary- Wild 1383

Roeenformige Sckmiele (Ger.)

Rosenrother Schoh nweiderich (Ger.)...

Rosenwurz (Ger.)

Rosier a cotonne en massue (Fr.)

afeuilles odorantes (Fr.)

cotonneux (Fr.) .

des champs (Fr.)

dglantier (Fr.)

tres etpmeux (Fr.)

vein (Fr.)

Rosmarinbldttrige Weide (Ger.)

Rusmu rinblattrige r Schoten we u It-
rich (Ger.)

RossoUs it ft a ittes ora les (Fr. )

rondes (Fr.)

a longues feuiUes (Fr.)

Roth Bueke (Ger.)

A7- • (Ger.) ,

Rothbeerigt Zannrube (Ger.)

Rothbluthiger Augentrost (Ger.)

Rothbrauni r Kranichschnabel (Ger.) ..
Rothe (Gei.)

111.
iii.
iii.

111.
iii.

111.
iii.
iv.
iii.
iii.
iv.
i.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.

111.
iv.

in.
vi.

221

209

230

217

208

321

224

225

219

218

208

206

221

10

215

204

203

S8

226

209

1S2

206

214

71

205

49

207

213

208

282

31

222 viii.

206 iii.

214 iii.

212 iii.

59 si.

31 vi.

65 xi.

15 iv.

49 iv.

231 iii.
210 iii.
209 iii.

232 ii.
226 iii.
204 iii.
208 iii.
250 viii.

7 iv.

33 ii.

31 ii.

33 ii.

1G5 viii.

39 iii.

36 iv.

175 vi.

, 193 ii.

212 iv.

11.

ii.

iv.
viii.

vi.
viii.

xi.

189

XI

189

XI

52

i

32

xii

8

ix

6

ix

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Rothe Cornelle, or Bartriegel (Ger.) ... 187 iv.

Jobannisbeert (Ger.) 42 iv.

LwhtneJke (Ger.) 70

Sekuppenmiere (Ger.) 129

Sporriblume (Ger.) 234

Weide(Ger.] 222

Rotht-r Fingerhui (Ger ) 127

Ganstfiiss (Ger.) 23

Seb icingel (Ger ) 148

Bathes ZumbeOcraut (Ger.) 128

Bothgelber Fuchsseltwanz (Ger.) 24

Rothliche Sommerwurz (Ger.) 195

Rothliches 8a.mkra.ut (Ger.) 31

BOTTBOEL'LIA

jilifor'mis, Roth 1818

incurva'ta, Sm 1818

Bout. Meadow 41

Royal Fern 1838

Bubanier flottant (Fr.)

rameux (Fr.)

simple (Ft.) 7 ix.

Ruben Kohl (Ger.) 134,136 i.

Rvbenstengelige Sommerwurz (Ger.) ... 194 iv.

RU'BIA

PEREGRI'XA, Linn. ... 645 211 iv.

RU'BUS

affi'nis, W. & N. 167 iii.

althfeifo'lius, Host 193 iii.

— amplifica'tus, Lees 178 iii,

— cq.icula'tvs, W. ? 184 iii

— [ar'cticus, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 260 iii.

— Babingto'nii, Bell Salt 182 iii

— Balfouria'nus, BJox 192 iii

— BtVoYdi.W 454 191 iii

— Bloxa'mi, Lees 180 iii

— Bor'reri, BellSalt 179 iii

— effi'sius, Linn 456 195 iii

var.ogrres'tfs.W.&N 195 iii

var. aqua'ticus, W. & X — 195

var. his'jjidus, Bab 196

var. iidermi'dius. Bab 196

111.
iii.

var. uhuifo'Uus, Bab 196

calca'tus, Blox 175

175

449 173

440 158

174

168

455 192
193

carpinifo'lius, W. & X. ...

earpinifo'lius, Borrer

OHAMJEJN >'l; US. Linn.

Coleman'ni, Bab

cordifo'lius, Y\ . & X

corvlifolius, Sm

var. conjurigt us, Bab.

111.
iii.

111.
iii.
iii.

var. purpu'reus, Bab 193

dis'color, W. & N 447 171

diver-it ''Hus, Liiid i^i

dumeto'rum, Blox 194

fis'sus, Lind 165

folio'sns, W. 190

FKUTICO'SUS, Linn. 445-456 162

Sm 447 171

fosco-a'ter, W. 186

304

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATB PAGK

KU'BUS

fusco-a'ter, Bab. (olim) 187

var. £. Coleman' ni, Bab. ... 174

fus'cus, Lees 191

glandulo'sus, Bellard 454 190

Grabow'skii, W. 449 173

Gun'theri, W. 188

hir'tus, W. & K 191

var. a, Bab. (olim) 189

var. 0. Men'Jiii, Bab.

(olim) 182

var. y, Bab. (olim) 190

humifu'sus, W. 189

Hys'trix, W. 181

IDM'US, Linn 442 160

imbrica'tus, Hort 170

incurva'tus, Bab 169

Kok'leri, W. 453 185

var. infes'tus, Bab 186

latifo'lius, Bab 170

LEES'II, Bab 443 161

Leighto'nii, Lees 184

Lejeun'ii. TV. & N 187

lentigino'sus, Lees 167

leucosta'chys, Sm 448 172

Lindleia'nus, Lees 168

macroariihus, Blox 172

ruacropkyl'lus, TV. 450 177

var. glabra' tus, Bab 178

mucrona'tus, Blox 451 178

mucronula'tus, Boreau ... 451 178

nemoro'sus, var. 8. fe'rox,

Leight 194

niti'dus, Bell Salt 168

pal'lidus,'W 186

pampino'stis, Bab 176

plica'tus, TV. & N. 445 166

pseudo-Idie'us, Lej 196

pygmse'us, W. 182

pyramida'lis, Bab 188

Rad'ula, TV. 452 184

var. denticula'tus,

Sab 184

rhamnifo'lius, TV. & N. ... 446 168

rosa'ceus, TV. 181

rubic'olor, Blox 180

ru'dis, W. 183

var. microphyl'lus,

Blox 1S3

Sal'teri, Bab 174

Sal'teri, Bab. (olim) 175

SAXAT'ILIS, Linn 441 159

sca'ber, TV. 182

ScMechtendal'u, W. & N 177

Sprenge'lii, II'. 179

suberec'tus, Anders 444 164

sublus'tris, Lees 193

ten'uis, Bell Salt 196

■ thyrsoi'deuB, Wimm 172

■ [tomento'sus, Borh.] (excl.) 261

111.
iii.

111.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.

111.
iii.

111.
iii.

111.
iii.

iii.

111.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.
iii.

PLATE

KU'BUS

tubercula'tus, Bab

umbro'sus, Arrb

vesti'tus, W. & N

villicau'lis, TV. & N.

vjdga'ris, Lindl

Wahlberg'ii, Arrh

Bell Salt

P. glabra'tus, Bell

Salt

Rue, Alpine Meadow 2

Koch's Meadow 6

leaved Saxifrage 552

Lesser Meadow, var. o.
var. £.

3

4
7
1880
8
5

— Stone Meadow ,

— Wall

— Yellow Meadow ,

Zigzag Meadow

Rue des pre's (Fr.)

Ruhr Flohkraut (Ger.)

Riihrb irne (Ger.)

EU'MEX

ACETO'SA, Linn 1223

ACETOSEL'LA, Linn.... 1224

acu'tus, Fries 1216

Sm 1210

ALITNUS, imn 1221

aquat'icus, Hook 1219

Sm 1220

confer'tus, "Willd 1217

CONGLOMERATES,

Murr 1210

CONSPER'SUS, Hartm. 1217

cordifo'lius, Hornem

CRISTUS, Linn 1218

crista'tus, Wallr 1216

dig'ynus, Linn 1225

divarica'tus, Fries 1215

DOMES'TICUS, Hartm, 1219

Fries' ii, Gren. & Godr. ... 1215

[Hispan'icus, Koch'] (excluded)

HYDROLAP'ATHUM,

Euds 1220

Umo'sus, Thuil 1213

longifo'li 'us, DC 1219

marit'imus, Hoffm 1213

MARIT'IMUS, Linn, 1212

[max'imus, Schreb.'] (excluded)

nemolap'athum, DC 1211

Wallr 1211

nemoro'sus, Meyer 1211

Schrad 1211

OBTUSIFO'LIUS, Auct. 1215

PALUS'TRIS, Sm 1213

PRATEN'SIS, Mert. & Koch.

1216

PUL'CHEB, Linn 1214

[rupes'tris, Le Gall.'] (excluded)

PAGE

vol.

194

iii.

177

iii.

173

iii.

176

iii.

176

iii.

193

iii.

193

iii.

193

iii.

4

i.

7

i.

75

iv.

5

i.

5

i.

8

i.

135

xii.

10

i.

6

i.

4

i.

103

v.

242

iii.

54

viii.

56

viii.

47

viii.

40

viii.

53

viii.

50

viii.

51

vm.

4S

viii.

40

viii.

48

viii.

49

viii.

49

viii.

47

viii.

57

viii.

46

viii.

50

viii.

46

viii.

SI

viii.

51

viii.

43

viii.

50

viii.

43

viii.

42

viii.

286

viii.

41

viii.

41

viii.

41

viii.

41

viii.

46

viii.

43

viii.

47

viii.

44

viii.

81

viii.

INDEX.

305

PLATE PAGE VOL.

RU'MEX

SANGUINEUS, Koch.... 1211 41 viii.

Linn 42 viii.

var. vir'idis, Koch ... 1211 41 viii.

SCUTA'TUS, Linn 1222 54 viii.

Steiriii, Beck 1213 43 viii.

sylves'tris, Wallr 47 viii.

vir'idis, Sibth 1211 41 viii.

Bundbldttrige Glockenblume (Ger.) 13 vi.

Kdsepappel (Ger. ) 170 ii-

Minze (Ger.) 4 vii.

Bundblattriger Friedlos (Ger ) 149 vii.

. Kranichschnabel

(Ger.) 200 ii.

Sonnenthau (Ger.) 31 ii.

Bundbldltriges Hasenbhrchen (Ger.) ... 120 iv.

Winter grii ii (Ger.) 48 vi.

Bunder Lauch (Ger.) 206 ix.

Bundhdpfiger Lauch (Ger.) 209 ix.

Teufehkrallen (Ger.) ... 6 vi.

Bundliche Segge (Ger.) 89 x.

EUP'PIA

Greater 1427 59 ix.

Lesser 1428 60 ix.

marit'ima, Auct. PI 1427 58 ix.

MARIT'IMA, Linn. 1427, 1428 58 ix.

var. o, Hook. & Am. 1427 58 ix.

var. /3, Hook. & Am. 1428 59 ix.

rostella'ta, Koch 1428 59 ix.

spira'lis, Hartm 1427 58 ix.

Buppie maritime (Fr.) 59 ix.

Buprechts Kraut (Ger.) 205 ii.

Rupturewort, Ciliated 1152 180 vii.

Glabrous 1171 178 vii.

RUS'CUS

ACULEA'TUS, Linn. ... 1516 184 ix.

Rush, Blunt-flowered 1564 28 x.

Capitate 1571 34 x.

— Clustered 1555 15 x.

Common 1560 20 x.

Diffuse 1562 25 x.

Dutch 1894 162 xii.

Greater, Sea 1558 18 x.

Hard 1563 26 x.

Heath 1576 39 x.

Lesser Jointed 1270 33 x.

Sea 1559 19 x.

Mud 1574 37 x.

Northern 1564 27 x.

Round-fruited 1575 38 x.

Sharp-flowered 1567 30 x.

Shiny-fruited 1568 32 x.

Soft 1561 21 x.

Thread 1565 27 x.

Three-flowered 1556 16 x.

leaved 1554 14 x.

Toad, var. a 1572 36 x,

var. 0 1573 36 x

Two-flowered... 1557 17 x

Buster (Ger.) 139 viii

— ' PLATE PAGE VOL

Busterbldttrige Linde (Fr.) 174,177 ii.

Rye Brome-grass 1800 & 1801 166 xi.

Rye-grass, Common 1814 186 xi.

Italian 1815 187 xi.

Saat Wucherblume (Ger.) 40 v.

Wiclce (Ger.) 96 iii.

Subline afeuilles de serpolet (Fr.) 103 ii.

• ciliee (Fr.) 105 ii.

trinerve'e (Fr.) 101 ii.

Sabot de la Vierge (Fr.) 136 ix.

SABULI'NA

cxspito'sa, Reich 109 ii.

Gerar'di, Reich 109 ii.

tenuifo'lia, Reich 243 112 ii.

ver'na, Reich 241 109 ii.

visco'sa, Reich 114 ii.

Saffron Meadow 1544 225 ix.

Spring-floweriug 1545 225 ix.

Saf ran printanier (Fr.) 154 ix.

Sagesse des chirurgiens (Fr.) 145 i.

SAGI'NA

ambig'ua, Lloyd 119 ii.

APET'ALA, L//t« 246 118 ii.

cerastoi'des, Smith 218 78 ii.

CILIATA, Fries 247 119 ii.

deb'ilis, Jord 117 ii.

den'sa, Jord 117

depres'sa, Schultz 119 ii.

erec'ta, Linn 217 77 ii.

filicav! 'lis, Jord 119

Linnx'i, Benth 249 & 250

Presl 249

MARIT'IMA, Don 245

Jord 245

var. alpi'na, Syme

var. deb'ilis, Syme

var. den'sa, Syme

NIVA'LIS, Fries 250 (bis) 124

NODO'SA, E. Meyer 251 125

pat'ula, Jord 119

PROCUM'BENS, Linn. 248 120

SAXATTLIS, Wimm. ... 249 122

striata, Fries 245 117

SUBULA'TA, Wimm. ... 250 122

/3. nivalis, Hook. &

Am 250 (bis) 124

Sagine ape'tale (Fr.) 119

couchee (Fr.) 121

- maritime (Y v.) 118

Sagittaire fleche d'eau (Fr.) 69

SAGITTA'RIA

SAGITTIFO'LIA, Linn. 1436

Sainfoin Vesparcet (Fr.)

Saint Dabeoc's Heath 885

Saintfoin 381

Salad Burnet, Common 409

Muiicated 420

119

ii

123

ii

122

ii

117

ii

117

ii

117

ii

117

ii

117

ii

6S

ix.

82

iii.

34

vi.

32

iii.

134

iii.

136

iii.

306

ENGLISH BOTANY

Salicaire afeuilles d'hyssope (Fr.) ,

commune (Fr.)

Salicorne herbacee (Fr.) ,

radicante (Fr.)

SALICOR'NIA

annua, Sm 1181

fruticv'sa, Sm 1183

HERBA'CEA,I/»m. 1181 & 1182

herba'cea, var. Benth 1183

var. aceta'ria, Moq.... 1181

var. procum'bens,

Syme 1182

procum'bens, Sm 1182

RADI'CANS, Sm 1183

SA'LIX

ACUMINATA, Sm 1326

var. rugo'sa, Sm

ACUTIFO'LIA, Wffld. ... 13G6

AL'BA,L//iK 1309-1311

Sm 1039

var. a, Sm 1039

var. cseru'lea, Syme... 1310

var. vir'idis, Wahl — 130S

var. vitelli'na, Koch. 1311

AMBIG'UA, Ehrh 1355

var. ma'jor, Syme

var. spathula'ta, Syme

var. undula'ta, Syme

amygdali'na, Linu 1315

Anderson' iana, Sm 1351

angnstifo'lia, Wulf 1361

aquaifica, Sm 1328

ARBUS'CULA, Linn.

1371-1374

Sm 1364

var. carina'ta, Syme 1371

var. pruuifo'lia, Syme 1372

var. vaccinifo'lia,

Syme 1374

var. venulo'sa, Syme 1373

arena'ria, Linu., Hook. &

Am 1368-1370

Sm 1368

argen'tea, Linn 1362

asceu'dens, Sm 1359

AURl'TA, Linn 1330

var. mi'nor, Syme

an ri'ta-re' pens, Wimm. ... 1355

hi' color, Hook 1354 (bis)

Sm 1333

Borreria'na, Sm 1314

easru'lea, Sm 1310

Ccdoden'dron, Wimm 1326

CAPRE'A, Linn.... 1331 & 1332

Sm 1331

caprefa-cine'rea, Wimm. ... 1328

capre'a-dasycla'dos, Wimm. 1326

■ capre'a vimina'lis, Wimm. 1324

capre'a- Wt ig< Ko'na,Wimm. 1333

PAGE VOL.

4 iv.

3 iv.

7 viii.

8 viii.

6 viii.

7 viii.

6 viii.

7 viii.
6 viii.

6 viii.

6 viii.

7 viii.

229 viii.

228 viii.

250 viii.

210 viii.

211 viii.
211 viii.
211 viii.
207 viii.
211 viii.

214 viii.
245 viii.
245 viii.
245 viii.
216 viii.
242 viii.
249 viii.

231 viii.

254 viii.

249 viii.

254 viii.

255 viii.

255 viii.
255 viii.

252 viii.

252 viii.

218 viii.

217 viii.

232 viii.

233 viii.

215 viii.
213 viii.
235 viii.
239 viii.
211 viii.
229 viii.

233 viii.

234 viii.
231 viii.
229 viii.
226 viii.

235 viii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SA'LIX

eaprea, var. spliacela'ta,

Syme 1332 234 viii.

carina'ta, Sm 1371 251 viii.

CINE'BBA, Linn 1327-1329 230 viii.

Sm 1327 231 viii.

var. aquat'ica, Syme 1328 231 viii.

var. latifo'lia, Anders. 1328 231 viii.

var. oleifo'lia, Syme 1329 231 viii.

dn'erea-vimina'lis, Wimm. 1325 228 viii.

contor'ta, Crowe 216 viii.

cotonifo'lia, Sm 1318 212 viii.

Growea'na, Sm 1338 23S viii.

CUSPIDA'TA, Schuttz.

1304 & 1305 204 viii.

Damasce'na, Forbes 1352 243 viii.

dasycla'dos, Anders 1326 229 viii.

[ Wimm.] (excluded) 262 viii.

DavaUia'na, Sm 1335 238 viii.

deeip'iens, Hoffm 1307 207 viii.

Dicksonia'na, Sm 1339 238 viii.

DONIA'NA, Sm 1365 219 viii.

FERRUUIN'EA, Anders. 1325 228 viii.

Borrer 1325 228 viii.

var. rugo'sa. Syme 228 viii.

fis'sa, Hoffm 1320 221 viii.

floribun'da, Forbes ...1354 (bis) 243 viii.

fat'tida, var. asceu'dens, Sm. 1359 217 viii.

var. parvifo'lia, Sm. 1360 247 viii.

Forbya'na, Sm. 1321 221 viii.

Forsteria'na, Sm 1349 242 viii.

FRAG'ILIS, Linn. 1306 & 1307 205 viii.

Sm 1306 206 viii.

var. deeip'iens, Syme 1307 206 viii.

var. Russettia'na,

Hook. & Arn 1308 207 viii.

frag'ilis-al'ba, Wimm 1308 207 viii.

[Friesia'na, Anders.'] (ex-

cluded) 250 viii.

fus'ca, Hook. & Arn.

1356-1362 216 viii.
Linn 1357 216 viii.

glau'ca,Sm 1370 253 viii.

GRA'HAMI, Baker 1377 257 viii.

[grandifo'lia, Ser.] (ex-

eluded) 262 viii.

[hasta'ta, Linn.] (excluded) 262 viii.

Ue'i;x,Sm 1319 221 viii.

HERBA'CEA, Linn 1378 259 viii.

Mppophaifo'lia, Thuill 211 viii.

Mr'ta,Sm 1354 243 viii.

Hoffmannia'na, Sm 1314 215 viii.

hohseridea, Hook 228 viii.

incuba'cea, Liun 1361 247 viii.

Lambertia'na, Sm 130S 218 viii.

LANA'TA, Linn 1367 251 viii.

lanceola'ta, Sm 1312 213 viii.

LAPPO'NUM, Linn. 1368-1370 252 viii.

var. picudo-glau'ca,

Syme 1370 253 viii.

INDEX.

307

PLATE PAGE VOL.

253 viii.

235 viii.

239 viii.

240 viii.

239 viii.

239 viii.
255 viii.
238 viii.

240 viii.

SA'LIX

Lappo'num, var. Stuartia'na,

Syme 1369

LAURI'NA, Sm 1333

var. propin'qua, Bab. 1342

var. tenuifo'lia, Hook.

& Am 1346

var. tenu'ior, Hook.

&Arn 1340

lax/Jlo'ra, Anders 1341

Uv'ida, Sm 1374

Wimm 1336

Maia'lis, Wimm 1346

[malifo'lia, Sm.] (ex-

cluded) 262 viii.

Meyeria'na, Willd.

1304 & 1305 204 viii.

mollis'sima, Ehrh 214 viii.

Sm 1324 226 viii.

MYESINI'TES, Linn.

1375 & 1376 256 viii.

Sm 1375 256 viii.

var. arbutifo'lia, Syme 257 viii.

var. procum'bens,

Syme 1376 257 viii

var. serra'ta, Syme ... 1375

myrtilloi'des, Sm 1339

NIG'RICANS, Fries.

1347-1354 (bis)

Sm 1347

var. Andersonia'na,

Syme 1351

var. cotinifo'lia, Syme 1348 242 viii.

var. damasce'na, Sijme 1352 243 viii.

var. floribun'da, Syme

1354 (Ms) 243 viii.

var. Eorsteria'na, Syme 1349 242 viii.

var. hir'ta, Syme 1354 243 viii.

var. petraj'a, Syme ... 1353 243 viii.

var. propin'qua, Hook.

& Arn 1342

var. rupes'tris, Syme 1350

nig'ricans- Weigelia'na,

Wimm 1343

ni'tens, Anders 1337

oleifo'lia, Sm 1329

parvifolia, Sm 1360

pentan'dra. Dc Bray 1303

PENTAN'DRA. Linn. ... 1303

pentan'dra-frag'ilis^imra.

1304 & 1305

[petiola'ris, Sm.] (excluded) ...

petrx'a, Anders 1353

phillyreifo'lia, Borrer 1345

PHYLICIFO'LIA, " Linn."

Fries 1334-1346

Sm 1334

var. 0, Linn. ... 1347-1354

var. Borrer ia'na, Syme 1344

var. Crowea'na, Sijme 1338 23S viii

256 viii.

238 viii.

241 viii.

242 viii.

242 viii.

238 viii.

238 viii.

239 viii.
238 viii.

239 viii.
237 viii.

239 viii.
242 viii.

239 viii.
238 viii.
231 viii.
247 viii.
202 viii.
202 viii.

204 viii.

262 viii.

243 viii.

240 viii.

237 viii.

237 viii.

241 viii.
239 viii.

239 viii.

247 viii.

250 viii.

255 viii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SA'LIX

phylicifo'lia, var. Davallia'na,

Syme 1335

var. Dicksonia'na,

Syme 1339

var. laxiflo'ra, Syme 1341

var. nit'ens, Syme ... 1337

var. phillyreifo'lia,

Syme 1345 240 viii

var. propin'qua, Syme 1342

var. radi'cans, Syme 1334

var. tenuifo'lia, Syme 1346 240 viii.

var. tenu'ior, Syme... 1340 239 viii.

var. tet'rapla, Syme... 1343 239 viii.

var. Weigelia'na, Syme 1336 238 viii.

nig'ricans,\\ imm..... 1343 239 viii.

polyan'dra, De Bray 1303 202 viii.

IPontedera'na, Willd.] (ex-

cluded) 262 viii.

procum'bens, Forbes 1376 257 viii.

propin'qua, Borrer 1342

prostra'ta, Sm 1358

pruino'sa, Wendl 1366

prunifo'lia, Sm 1372

PURPUREA, Linn. 1316-1318 217 viii.

Sm 1316 217 viii.

var. Helix, Bab 1319 221 viii.

var. Lambertia'na,

Syme 1318' 218 viii.

var. seric'ea, Reich. 1365 219 viii.

var. Woolgaria'na,

Syme 1317 218 viii.

radi'cans, Sm 1334 237 viii.

ramuh'sa, Borrer 1307 218 viii.

RE'PENS, Auct 1356-1362 246 viii.

Linn 1356 246 viii.

var. argen'tea, Syme 13tj2 248 viii.

var. ascen'dens, Syme 1359 247 viii.

var. fus'ca, Syme 1357 246 viii.

var. ineuba'cea, Syme 1361 247 viii.

. var. parvifo'lia, Syme 1360 247 viii.

var. prostra'ta, Syme 1358 247 viii.

_ var. rosmarinifo'lia,

Wimm 1363 248 viii.

re' pens-pur pu'rea, Wimm. 1305 219 viii.

RETICULATA, Linn. ... 1379 260 viii.

[retu'sa, Linn.'] (excluded) 263 viii.

ROSMARINIFO'LIA,

Linn 1363 & 1364 248 viii.

Sm 1363 249 viii.

var. angustifo'lia,

Syme 1364 249 viii.

RU'BRA, Huds 1319-1321 220 viii.

Sm 1320 221 viii.

var. Forbya'na, Syme 1321 221 viii.

var. He'lixy Syme ...1319 221 viii.

rugo'sa, Leefe 228 viii.

rupes'tris, Sm 1350 242 vm.

Bussellia'na, Sm 1308 207 viii.

SiUsi'acat Wimm 1332 234 via.

308

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE

SA'LIX

SMITHIA'NA, Willd. ... 1324

var. a, Bab 1324

var. ferriigi'nea, Bab. 1325

var. rugo'sa, Bab

var. stipula'ris, Syme

spathula'ta, "Willd

sphaeela'ta, Sm 1332

stipula'ris, Anders

STIPULA'RIS, Sm 1323

Stuartia'na, Sm 13G9

tenuifo'lia, Sm 1346

'Sm. E. B 1354 (bis)

tenn'inr, Borrer 1340

. tetfrapla, Walker 1343

Trevira'ni, Spreng

TRIAN'DRA, Koch 1313-1315

Linn 1313

var. amygdali'na,

226

viii.

226

viii.

228

viii.

228

viii.

227

viii.

245

viii.

234

viii.

227

viii.

225

viii.

253

viii.

240

viii.

243

viii.

239

viii.

239

viii.

214

viii.

215

viii.

215

viii.

Syme

var. Hofi'niannia'na,

Syme 1314

trian'dra-al'ba, Wimm. ... 1312

trian'dra-vimina'lis, var.

undulata 1312

UNDULA'TA, Ehrh 1312

■ vaccinifo'lia, Walk. & Sm. 1374

renulo'sa, Sm 1373

versifo'lia, Sm 1355

YIMLNA'LIS, Linn 1322

var. intrica'ta, Leefe

vimina'lis-dasycla'dos,

Wimm 1323

vim ina'lis-purpu'rea,

Wimm. 1319-1321

[vimina'lis-re'pens, Lascb.]

(excluded)

viola'cea, Andrs 1366

YIR'IDIS, Fries 1308

ritelli'na, Linn 1311

Weigelia'na, Borrer 1336

Willd 1334-1346

Woolgaria'na, Borr 1307

Wulfenia'na, Sm 1336

Sallow, Ambiguous 1355

Common, var. a 1327-1329

Dark-leaved ... 1347-1354 Qni

Great, var. a 1331 & 1332

Intermediate 1333

■ Long-leaved 1326

Tea-leaved 1334-1346

. Wrinkled-leaved 1330

Salomonssiegel (Ger.)

Salsifis afeuilles de poireau (Fr.)

des pre's (Fr.)

Salsify 801

SAL'SOLA

frutiro'sa, Linn 1178

KA'LI, Linn 1180

Saltwort, Black 1150

1315 216 viii.

215

viii.

213

viii.

213

viii.

213

viii.

255

viii.

255

viii.

245

viii

223

viii.

224

viii

225 viii.

220 viii.

250

Vlll.

250

viii.

207

viii.

211

viii.

238

viii.

237

viii.

218

viii.

238

viii.

246

viii.

231

viii.

243

viii.

234

viii.

237

viii.

230

viii.

241

viii.

233

viii

180

ix

141

V

140

V

141

V

2

4

154

Vlll.

viii.
viii

TLATE PAGE VOL.

Saltwort, Prickly 1180 5 viii.

Saheibldttriger Gamander (Ger.) 86 vii.

SAL'VIA

CLANDESTI'NA,

Xmrc. (?) 1057 43 vii.

horminoi'des, Pour 1057 43 vii.

midtifida, Sibth. & Sm.... 1057 43 vii.

pallid iflo'ra, St. Amans ... 1057 43 vii.

prx'cox, Savi 1C57 43 vii.

PRATEN'SIS, Linn 1058 44 vii.

YERBENA'CA. Linn. ... 1056 42 vii.

var. midtifida, Yis. 1057 43 vii.

var. sinua'ta, Yis. ... 1056 42 vii.

Sahburgischer Ganserich (Ger.) 145 iii.

Salz-Schuppenmiere (Ger.) 131 ii.

SAMBU'CUS

EB'ULUS, Linn 638 201 iv.

NI'GRA, Linn 637 199 iv.

var. lacinia'ta, Syme 199 iv.

var. rotuudifo'lia,

DC. 199 iv.

SAM'OLUS

YALERAN'DI, Linn. ... 1151 155 vii.

Samphire, Common Marsb 1181 6 viii.

var. /3 1182 7 viii.

Creeping Marsh 1183 8 viii.

Golden 769 101 v.

Rock 606 143 iv.

Sea Prickly 628 173 iv.

Sand Haargras (Ger.) 191 xi.

Hafer (Ger.) 78 xi.

Sommerwurz (Ger.) 192 vi.

Segge (Ger.) 87 x.

Veilchen (Ger) 236 ii.

Sandhalm Ostsee (Ger.) 41 xi.

Sandwort, Alpine 242 112 ii.

Bog 244 116 ii.

Fine-leaved 243 114 ii.

Fringed 238 105 ii.

Level-topped 2i3 (bis) 115 ii.

Norwegian 237 104 ii.

Spurrey, Field 254 129 ii.

Greater Sea 257 132 ii.

Lesser Sea 255 131 ii.

Rock Sea... 256 133 ii.

Three-nerved 234 101 ii.

Thyme-leaved 236 103 ii.

Yemal 241 110 ii.

SANGUISOE'BA

[me'dia, Linn.'] (excluded) 260 iii.

OFFICINALIS, Linn. ... 421 132 iii.

Sanguisorbe officinale (Fr.) 132 iii.

Sanicle V Europe (Fr.) 93 iv.

Sanicle, AVood 568 93 iv.

SANIC'ULA

EUROP^E'A, Linn 56S 92 iv.

SANTOLFNA

marit'ima, Linn 725 55 v.

IXDEX.

309

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Santoline (Fr.) 55 v.

Saponaire officinale (Fr.) 53 n.

SAPONA'EIA

hyb'rida, Linn

OFFICINALIS, £mi». ... 197

Saracenischer Baldgreis (Ger. )

SAEOTHAM'NUS

cow»mtt'w«8,"Wimm." Fries. 329

SCOPA'RIUS, Koch 329

vulga'ris, " Wimm." Godr. 329

Sarrette des leinturiers (Fr.) 29

SATYB'IUM

al'bidum, Linn 1161

Epipo'gium, Linn 1186

Mrci'num, Linn 1118

macula' turn, Desf. 1165

re' pens, Linn 1475

vir'ide, Linn 1162

Sauce Alone 100

#«««• Ampfer (Ger.) 55

Sauerdom (Ger.) 72

Sauerkir sche (Ger.) 123

Sauge clandestine (Fr.) 14

tZes £>res- (Fr.) 45

verveine (Fr.) 43

Saide a cinge'tamines (Fv.) (^05) V^'

afeuilles d'arbousier (Fr.) 257 viii.

de rosemarin (Fr.) ... 250 viii.

.... 226 viii.

.... 221 viii.

53
53

88

11
11
11

103
131
90
108
118
105
117

I'LATF, PAGE VOL.

111.

vii.
vii.
vii.

- a grandes stipules (Fr.) ....

- a tongues feuilles (Fr.) ....

- a trois etamines (Fr.) 216 viii.

- a une e'tamine (Fr.) 219

- ambigue (Fr.) 216

-blanc (Fr.) 212

- blanc de neige (Fr.) 253

-cerccZre(Fr.) 232

- fragile (Fr.) 207

- </Z«bre (Fr.) 256

- 7j<?rbo«f (Fr.) 260

- marceau (Fr.) 235

-- monadelphe (Fr.) 222

- noircissant (Fr.) 211

- olivdtre (Fr.) 214 viii.

-pMica(Fr.) 211 viii.

-- rampant (Fr.) 248 viii.

~ reticule' (Fr.) 2G1 viii.

-n'tfe'(Fr.) 233 viii.

vm.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

SAUSSUR'EA

ALPI'NA, DC. 703 27

Saussuree des Alpes (Fr.) 28

Saw-wort, Alpine 703

Common 704 & 704 (bis)

SAXIF'RAGA

ajfi'nis, Don 560

AIZOI'DES, Linn 551

ANDREW'SII, Earv 549

autumna'lis, Linn 551

VOL. XII.

28

v.

29

v.

81

iv.

73

iv

71

iv

545
544
555

SAXiFRAGA

OESPITO'SA, Linn 556

Koch 557

var. incurvifo'lia, Bab. 558

(QEE'NUA, Linn 554

[cotyle'don, Linn.'] (ex-

cluded)

DECIP'IENS, Ehrh 557

el'egans, Mack 515

eu-hypnoi'des, Syme 561 & 562

GE'UM, Linn 513-545

var. creua'ta, Syme ... 54c

var. el'egans, Syme. .

var. serra'ta, Syme ..

GRANULA'TA, Linn. ..

groenlan'dica, DC

HIR'CULUS, Linn 550

HIRSU'TA, Linn 546

Gr. & Godr 543-545

hir'ta, Don 559

Syme 55S-560

var. affi'nis, Syme ... 560

var. incurvifo'lia,

Syme 558

HYPNOI'DES, Linn.... 558-562

Gr. & Godr 562

var. gemmif ' era, Syme 562

var. platypet'ala, Syme 561

incurvifo'lia, Don 560

Gratia'na, F. Schultz

[muscoi'des, Wulfi] (ex-
cluded)

NIVALIS, Linn 541

OPPOSITIFO'LIA, Linn. 540

palma'ta, Sm 557

[pedatif'ida, Sm.] (excluded) ...

platypet'ala, Sm 561

pubes'cens, Sternb 557

RIVULA'RIS, Linn 553

[rotundifo'lia, Linn.'] (ex-
cluded)

[Sibthorp'ii, Boiss. & Spr.] (ex-
cluded)

STELLA'RIS, Linn 542

TRIDACTYLI'TES, Linn. 552

UMBRO'SA, Linn. 547 & 548

var. puucta'ta, Ilarv

var. serratifo'lia, Syme 548

Saxifrage afeuilles opposes (Fr.)

a trois doigts (Fr.)

benoite (Fr.)

■ des neiges (Fr.)

etbUde (Fr.)

faux aizoon (Fr.)

grenue (Fr.)

ceil-de-bouc (Fr.)

ombrage'e (Fr.)

velue (Fr.)

Saxifrage, Alpine Brook- . . .
____— Alpine clustered

2's

553
541

78
80
82
76

87
80
G8
82
G8
68
G8
G8
77
79
72
G9
68
81
81
81

82
81
83

83
83

82
79

87
66
65
80
87
83
80
75

87

87
67
74
70
70
70
G5
75
69
67
68
74
78
73
71
70
7G
67

iv.
iv.

iv.
iv.
iv-
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.

iv.
iv.

iv.

iv.

iv.

iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.

310

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Saxifrage, Alternate-leaved Golden

564 85 iv.

Common Burnet 5S5 116 iv.

Drooping Alpine 551 77 iv.

Great Burnet 586 116 iv.

Mossy 558-562 80 iv.

. Mountain Meadow... 602 138 iv.

Opposite-leaved Golden

563 84 iv.

■ Palmate-leaved Mossy 557 81 iv.

Purple Mountain- ... 510 65 iv.

Eue-leaved 552 75 iv.

Starry 542 68 iv.

Tufted 556 79 iv.

White Meadow- 555 78 iv.

Yellow Marsh- 550 73 iv.

Yellow Moxmtain- ... 551 74 iv.

Smbieuse colombaire (Fr.) 252 iv.

des champs (Fr,) 253 iv.

succise (Fr.) 250 iv.

SCABIO'SA

ARYEX'SIS. Linn 679 252 iv.

COLUMBA'BIA, it/in. ... 67S 251 iv.

SUCOI'SA, Linn 677 250 iv.

•asenartige Flockenblume (Ger.)... 33 v.

Scabious. Devil's-bit 677 250 iv.

Field G79 253 iv.

leaved Hawk's-beard 820 162 v.

Small 678 252 iv.

Scale-fern, Common 1883 139 xii.

SCAN'DIX

Anfhris'cus, Linn 622 16G iv.

Gerefo'lium,~lAim 6"/3 167 iv.

odora'ta, Linn 626 170 iv.

Ptr'ten, Hook 627 171 iv.

PEC'TEX-YEX'EBIS,

Linn 627 171 iv.

Scandi.c peigne de Ve'nus (Fr.) 172 iv.

Schabenkraut (Ger.) 117 vi.

fgarbe (Ger.) 57 v.

Sch af Sch ivingel (Ger.) 145 xi.

Scharbocks-Kraut (Get.) 41) i.

Scharbockskeil (Ger.) 185 i.

Scharfe LHirrumrz (Ger.) 109 v.

F etthenne (Ger.) 55,56 iv.

Schaumkrattt (Ger.) 156 i.

SCHEDONO'BUS (Fr.)

a/p.r.Fr 1795 156 xi.

enc't»s,Fr 1796 159 xi.

ster'ilis,Fi 1799 163 xi.

SCHEDONO'BUS (P. de B.)

calama'rius, R. & S. 1787 & 1788 14S xi

elottior, B. & S. ... 1789 & 1790 150 xi.

loUa'ceus, B. & S 1792 153 xi.

praten'sis, B. & S 1791 153 xi.

Sche idenfSrm iges Wollgras (Ger.) 72 x.

SCHEUCHZE'PJA

Marah 1435 67 ix.

PALUS'TBIS, Linn 1435 67 ix.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Scheuehzerie des mantis (Fr.) 67 ix.

Schierli ngsblatt rigt r lt>. iherschna-

beZ(Ger.) 207 ii.

Schildblattriger Ampfer (Ger.) 54 viii.

Scltildfruchtiger Ehrenpreis (Ger.) ... 168 vi.

ScTdaffes Bispengras (Ger.) 117 xi.

S'hhtutm-Segge (Ger.) 120 x.

Schlangenlaueh (Ger.) 208 ix.

Schlankarige Segge (Ger.) 142 x.

Schlanke Eroe (Ger.) 87 iii.

Schlankes Wollgras (Ger.) 75 x.

Schlt hen Pflaume (Ger.) 115 iii.

Schlingenlose Erve (Ger.) 89 iii.

Schlitzbliitt rige r Era n ich sch nabel

(Ger.) 201 ii.

Schmalblatterige Distel (Ger.) 6 v.

SchmaTbldttrige Alsin-: (Fr.) 114 ii.

BerZe(Ger.) 119 iv.

Wieke (Ger.) 98 iii.

Sch malhlattriger Schotenweiderich

(Ger.) 10 iv.

Scltrnalblattriges Eolbenrohr (Ger.) ... 4 ix.

Wollgras (Ger.) 74 x.

Lungenkraut(GeT.)... 92 vii.

Schmale BohrJcoTbe (Ger.) 4 ix.

Schnabelfruchtige Ruppie (Ger.) 60 ix.

Sch nee Steinbrech (Ger.) 67 iv.

Schnittlauch (Ger.) 216 ix.

SCHOBEBIA

frutico'sa, Mey 1178 2 viii.

marit'ima, Mey 1179 3 viii.

SCHCE'XUS

al'bus, LinD 1582 46 x.

Black 1579 43 x.

compres'sus, Linn 1583 4S x.

fus'ens, Linn 1581 45 x.

Maris'cus, Linn 1580 44 x.

monoi'eus, Sm 1609 77 x.

NIG'EICAXS. Linn 1579 43 x.

ru'fus, Huds 15S4 4S x.

SchSnes Harfhen (Ger.) 157 ii.

Schopformiger Hufeisenldee (Ger.) ... SO iii.

Schutt-Pfef erkraut (Ger.) 214 i.

Schwachbittere Genziane (Ger.) 76 vi.

SchvmfbenTeraut (Ger.) 100 i.

Schwarzbraunes Cyperus (Ger.) 41 x.

Schwarze Bilsenl-rant (Ger.) 107 vi.

Schwarze Flockenblume (Ger.) 32 v.

Juhaunisbeere (Ger.) 45 iv.

Erahenbeere (Ger.) 94 viii.

Platterbse (Ger.) 112 iii.

Schwarzer Gottesvergess (Ger.) 53 vii.

Holunder (Ger.) 200 iv.

Nachtschatten (Ger.) 9S vi.

Sten/(Ger.) 127 i.

Schwarzes WoUkraui (Ger.) 115 vi.

Schiciirzliche Segge '(Ger.) 105 x.

SchwarzHches Habichtskraut (Ger.) ... 176 v.
Eopfried (Ger.) 43 x.

INDEX.

311

PLATE

Schicarzpappel (Ger.)

Schwarzwerdende Weidt (Ger.)

Schwarzumrz (Ger.)

Schwedische Cornells (Ger.)

Schwe rtbldttriges Zy mbt IkraiU

(Ger.)

Schwertel (Ger,)

Sckwimmender FroschlSffel (Ger.) .......

■SbA wimmem les Sa m kra utge wadhse

(Ger.)

SCIL'LA

ATJTTJMNA'LIS, Linn.... 1526

[bifo'lia, Iiinn.] (excluded)

NUTANS. Sm 1528

umbeUa'ta, Earn 1527

XYIV^A, Ends 1527

Scille d'aulomne (Fr.)

du printemps (Fr.)

penchee (Fr.)

Scirpe a Tabernasmontani (Fr.)

a fefes rondes (Ft.)

a &/es nombreuses (Fr.)

a itne ra?i-c (Fr.)

care ne (Fr.)

de savi (Fr.)

dcs hois (Fr.)

des lacs (Fr.)

des marais (Fr.)

epingle (Fr.)

flottant (Fr.)

gazonnant (Fr.)

maritime (Fr.)

piquant (Fr.)

sefoc^(Fr.)

PAGE VOL.

199 viii.

241 viii.

67 i.

1S6 iv.

129 ix.

Ill ix.

74 ix.

19S

226

200

199

199

199

200

201

64

62

54

53

65

59

70

63

52

51

5S

56

69

67

60

66

tricing iilaire (Fr.)

SCIBPID'IUM

acicula're, Nees 1585 50

SCIR'PUS

ACICULA'RIS, Linn. ... 1585 50

Beeothry'on, Ehrli 1589 54

bifo'tius, WaLlr 15S4 48

OESPITO'SUS, Linn. ... 1590 55

earicCnus, Schrad 1583 48

Car'icis, Retz 1583 4S

carina'tus, Sm 159S 64

compres'sus, Pers 1583 48

Vural'ii. Hoppe 1598 64

eu-lacus'tris, Syme 1596 63

eu-palus'tris, Syme 1586 51

FLU1TANS, Linn 1592 57

ijlan'cus, Sm 1597 64

HOLOSCHCE'NUS, Linn. 1595 61

hu'mUis, Wallr 1591 56

laeus'tris, Auct 159J 63

LACUS'TRIS, Linn.

1596-1598 62

var. dig'ynus, Godr. 1597 64

var. genuHnus, Gr. &

Godr.' 1596 63

PLATE

SCIR'PUS

MARirniUS, Linn 1601

var. compac'tus, KrocJc

var. umbella'toB, Reich. ...

JIULTICAU'LIS, Sm. ... 1588

PALUS'TEIS,L/hh. 15S6& 1587

Sm 1586

PAR'VULUS, Bom. &

Scladt 1591

PAUCIFLO'EUS, Light/. 15S9

PoUich'ii, Gren. & Godr.... 1599

PUN'GENS, YalJ 1600

Buth'ii, Hoppe 1600

ru'fus. Schrad 15S4

SA'YII, Seb. & Maur 1593

var. mouosta'chys, Syme...

BETA'CEUS, Linn. 1594

SYLYAT'ICFS, Linn. ... 1602

Tabern'amonta'nae, Gmel.... 1597

tenuifo'lius, DC 1600

TEIQUE'TER, Linn 1599

var. conglomera'tus,

Reich

var. vulga'ris, Reich

uniglu'mis, Link 1587

var. Watso'ni, Syme

SCLERAN'THUS

AN'NUUS, Linn. 1174 & 1175

var. bien'nis, Syme... 1175

bien'nis, Renter 1175

PEBEN'NIS, Linn 1176

SCLEROCHLO'A

PAGE VOL.

68 X.

68 x.

68 x.

53 x.

51 x.

51 x.

Bor'reri, Bab

dis'tans, Bab

var. obtu'^a, Farn. ...

[du'ra, P. de B.] (excluded)

LOLIA'CEA. Woods

MARIT'IMA. Lindl

var. tlerlex'a, Syme...

MULTICUL'MIS, Syme

1755 &

PROCUM'BENS,P. de B.

RIG'IDA, Link

SCLEROPO'A

lolia'cea, Gren. & GoJr. ...

procum'bens, Pari

rig'ida, Griseb

SCOLOPEN'DRIOI

alterni/o'lium, Roth

Gefteraeh, Symons

officinale, DC

ojvcina'rum, Swurtz

PhyUi'tis, Roth

Ruta-mura'ria, Roth

geptentriona'le, Roth

VTJLGA'RE, Symons

SCORODO'NIA

heteromalla, Monch

Scotch Crocus ,

1756

1755

1759

1751

1756
1757

1758

1759
1757
175S

1881
1883
1884
1884
1884
1S80
1882
1884

1093
1497

56
54
65
66
66
48
58
59
60
69
64
66
65

66
66
52
52

181
182
182
182

105
104
104
200
110
102
103

103
107
108

110
107
108

136
139
141
141
141
135
138
141

S5
150

x.
x.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

XI.

si.

xi.

xn.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

312

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE

Scotch Fir

Thistle 680

phulaireafeuiUesde gauge

■ aquatique (Fr.)

Fr,)

-priii ta n itr>: (Fr.)

PAGE VOL.

265 viii.
3 v.

SCEOPHULAEJA

aldta, ;-Gub."? 94S

AQUATICA, Lmn 947

aquafiea, Fries 948

L:\l'-i*'ii, Hornem 947

EHRHAR'TI. Stev 918

Nees'ii, Wirtg

XoDO'SA. Li, in 94J

SCuRuDO'XIA. Linn. ... 950

uiithro'sa, Dum. ? 948

VEBNA'LIB, Linn 951

Scurvy-Grass, Common 130

Hastate-haved ... 132

Long-leaved 133

Mountain 131

SCUTELLARIA

GALEKlL ULA'TA. Linn. 1060

[hastifx L ■-. J.' ».] (excluded) ...

MINOR, Linn. 1061

S . Barley 1813

- Beet 1184

Bindweed 925

- Bladder Campion 200

Buckthorn 1245

- — Cabbage

Carrot 615

Charlock 82

Club-rush 1601

Colewort 87

Couch-grass. Decumbent ... 1j12

Erect 1811

Green Whitlow Grass 138

Hard-grass 181S

Heath. Smooth 190

- HogVFennel 690

Holly 569

Kale 80

Knotgrass 1233

Lavender, Great 1156 A" 1157

Lesser 1159 i" 1160

Matted 1161

Remote-flowered 1157

Lovage 603

- Meadow-grass, Creeping ... 1754
Orache, Frosted 1207

Grass-leaved, var. a 1200

var. £ 1201

125
121

124
126

122
120
122
120
122
123
123
124
122
125
185
187
188
186

47
-

48

197

9

S8

58

VI.

IV.

i.

x.
i.

xi.

xi.

i.

xi.

ii.

Stalk-fiuited 1209

180

405

Fansy

Pea

Pearl wort 245

Plantain 1166, var. y, & 116S

Prickly Samphire

Purslane 239

Vil.

vii.
vii.
xi.
viii.
vi.
ii.

83 viii.

130 i.

157

123

69

130

183

181

195

189

43

149 iv.

95 iv.

119 i.

70 viii.

161 vii.

165 vii.

166 vii.
163 vii.
139 iv.
103 xi.

35 viii.

27 viii.

28 viii.
38 viii.
27 ii.

110 iii.

118 ii.

175 vii.

173 iv.

106 ii.

PLATE

Sea Purslane 1208

EaJisii 82

R x-ket, Purple 7.'

Rush. Greater 1558

Less-.-r 1559

Sundwort-SpurTey. Greater 257

Lesser 255

Bock . . . 256

Sedge 1618

Spleenwort 1876

Spurge 1263

- Stock, Great 104

Stork's-bill

Vetch, Smooth-podded 390

- Wormwood; var. o 734

— — var. ^ 735

Seablite, Annual 1179

Shrubby 1178

Seehsmai tniger Sannel (Ger.)

Sedge. Axillary 1628

—Black 1635

Bladder •-

Bonningkausen's 1629

Bottle.. 8

Bracteated Mardi 1616

Broad-leaved Mud 1648

Capillary 1662

Close-headed Alpi:;e ... 1636

Common 1643

Creeping Dioecious 1610

Curved 1615

Cvperus-like 1684

Distant-spiked 1,:27

Dotted-fruited 1671

Downy-fruited 1656

Dwarf Silvery 1651

Elongated ..."

Fen."

Few-flowered 1614

Fingered 1650

Flea 1612

Glaucous Heath ... 1644-1646

Graham's 1684

Great 1623

Great Pendulous 1660

Greater Panicled 1622

Pond 1679

Prickly 1624

Green-ribbed 1667

Grey 1,;25

Hammer 1677

Hares-foot 1633

Hoary 1637

Involute-leaved 1681

Lesser Panicled, var. a... 1619

var. 3... 1620

Pond 1678

likeKobresia 1609

Little Prickly 1626

Lontr-bracteated 1675

PAGE

VOL.

37

viii.

123

i.

118

i.

18

X.

19

X.

132

ii.

131

ii.

133

ii.

87

X.

129

xii.

109

viii.

152

i.

209

ii.

94

iii.

05

v.

66

v.

4

viii.

3

viii.

141

ii.

98

X.

105

X.

171

X.

99

X.

169

X.

85

X.

119

X.

139

X.

107

X.

116

X.

X.

-

X.

164

X.

97

X.

150

X.

151

X.

131

X.

125

X.

100

X.

45

X.

S3

X.

123

X.

SI

X.

118

X.

173

X.

92

X.

140

X.

91

X.

167

X.

93

X.

148

X.

94

X.

163

X.

101

X.

108

X.

170

X.

B8

X.

88

X.

X.

77

X.

95

X.

156

X.

INDEX.

313

Sedge, Loose-flowered Mud.

spiked Wood .

Mountain

Narrow-leaved Mud .

CEder's

Oval-spiked

Pale

Paradoxical

Pendulous "Wood ....

Pink-leaved

-Rock

Pound-headed

Russet

Scorched Alpine . . ..

Sea

Short Brown-spiked .

Silvery Heath

Slender-leaved

spiked

■ Smooth-stalked

Soft Brown

-Starved Wood

Stilt' Mountain

Tawny 1669 &

Tufted

Dioecious

Vernal

■Water 1641 &

■ "White, var. a

var. B

Yellow 1672 £

PLATE

1049
1661
1652
1647
167-1
1631
1657
1621
1665
165S
1613
1653
16S3
1663
1613
1659
1654
1676
1639
166S
1617
1664
1640
1670
1638
1611
1655
1642
1631
1632
1673

TAGE

122

142
126
120
158
104
133

90
145
134

82
127
174
137

87
135
129
161
111
147

86
144
112
154
109

80
130
113
102
103
160

VOL.
X.

SEDOI

A'CEE, Linn 532 55

albes'cens, Han: 535 58

AI/BTJM, Linn 529 52

var. a, Bab 529, fig. 1 52

var. B, Bab 529, fig. 2 53

AN G'LIGUM, Huds 531 54

[auopet'alum, DC] (excluded)... 63

au'reum, Wirt 537 59

Bolonierise, Lois 533 50

[Cepffi'a, Linn.'] (excluded) 63

DASYPHYL'LUM, Linn. 530 53

■ el'egans, Lej 530 5S

var. inaj'us, Syme 59

var. mi'nus, Syme 59

eu-al'bum, Syme 529 52

en-reflex'um, Syme 534 57

Faba'ria, Koch 527 50

Forsteria'num, Leight 59

Sm 537 59

glau'cum, Sm 535 58

micran'thum, Bast 529, fig. 2 53

purpuras'cens, Eoclt 520 49

purpu'reum, Tausch 527 50

REFLEX'UM, Linn. 534 & 535 50

Sin 534 57

var. a, Bab 534 57

B. albescens, Bab. ... 535 5S

PJiODl'OLA, DC 525 48

IV.

iv.

IV.

iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.

iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.

xu.
xii.
xii.
vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SE'DUM

RUPES'TEE, Huds. 530 & 537 58 iv.

Sm 530 5S iv.

septangula're, Haw 57 iv.

SEXAXItULA'RE, Linn. 533 50 iv.

[sttlla'tum, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 63 iv.

TELE'PHIUM, Linn.

520 & 527 49 iv.

Sm 520 49 iv.

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 520 49 iv.

var. B, Hook. & Arn. 527 50 iv.

teretifo'lium, Hav: 529,fig. 1 52 iv.

VILLO'SUM, Linn 528 51 iv.

S Iwm afeuiUes e'paisses (Fr.) 54 iv.

a six angles (Fr.) 50 iv.

acre (Fr.) 55 iv.

blanc (Fr.) 52 iv.

(FAngleterre (Fr.) 54 iv.

refledti (Fr.) 57 iv.

vein (Fr.) 51 iv.

Si i. Mi • i\<i u (Ger.) 118 i.

8 nmse (Ger.) 63 x.

Seiienstandige Segge (Ger.) 98 x.

SELAGIXEL'LA

[Helvetica, Link] (ex-

cluded) 11

SELAGIXOI'DES. Gray 1829 10

spinuJo'sa, A. Braun 1829 10

Self-heal 1059 47

SELI'NUM

palus'tre, IAim 610 149

SEMPEBVrVUM

TECTO'BUM, Linn 538 00

SENEBIE'BA

CORO'NOPUS, Poii- 100 221

DID'YMA, Per* 159 220

pinnatifida, DC 159 220

Senebiere a silicides jumelles (Fr.) 221

come de eerf (Fr.) 222

SENE'CIO

AQUAT'ICUS, Ends 756 SO v.

■ Reich 750 80 v.

var. pinnatif'idus,

Gr. & Godr SO v.

barbarasifo'lius, Reich 80 v.

CAMPES'TRIS, DC. ... 700 89 v.

var. marit'ima, Syme 90 v.

chrysanthemifo'lius, Poir. 751 83 v.

[errafiens, Bertol.] (ex-

cluded) 217 v,

ERUCTFO'LIUS, Linn.... 754 S4 v.

JACOB-EA, Linn 755 85 v.

liv'idus, Sm 751 81 v.

PALUDO'SUS, Linn. ... 758 88 v.

PALUS'TRIS, DC. 759 89 v.

saliceto'rum, Godr 757 87 v.

SABACEX'RJUS, Linn.... 757 S7 v.

SQUALTDUSb Linn 753 83 v.

31-4

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SENE'CIO

SYLVAT'ICUS, Linn.

750 & 751 81 v.

Sm 750 81 v.

var. auricula'tus, W.

Meyer 751 81 v.

tenuifo'lius, Jacq 754 84 v.

• VISCO'SUS, Linn 752 82 v.

VULGA'RIS, Linn 749 SO v.

■ var. radia'tus, Syme.

749, fig. j8 80 v.
Si in run a/euilles de Leucantheme

(Fr.)

de roquette (Fr.) ..

— commun (Fr.) ..

— de Veau (Fr.) ..

— de mar a is (Fr.)
-- des bois (Fr.) . ,

— des pre's (Fr.) . .

— Jacobee (Fr.) .

— sarrasin (Fr.) .,

— visqueux (Fr.) .,

SERA' PI AS

ensifo'Ua, Linn 14S4

grandiflo'ra, Liglitf. 1485

latifo'lia,~Lmn 1480

Lonehophyl'lum, Linn. fil. 1485

longifo'lia, Linn 14S2

palus'tris, Liglitf. 14S2

ru'bra, Linn 1483

Xiphophyl'lum, Linn. fil.... 1484

SEBBAFAL'CUS

ur ven sis, Pari 1S06

commuta'tus, Bab 1802

hordea'ceus, G. & G

Lloydia'nus, G. & G 1805

mol'lis, G. & G 1804

mollis, Pari 1S04 & 1805

racemo'sus, Pail 1803

seculi'nus, Bab. ... 1800 & 1801

Si mi /ulcus confondn (Fr.)

des chimps (Fr.)

■ — ; seigle (Fr.)

SERKAT'ULA

alpi'na, Linn 703

ar ven' sis, Linn 693 & 094

montic'ola, Bor 704 (bis)

TINCTO'RIA, Linn.

704 & 704 (bis)

tincto'riu, Bor 704

■ var. montic'ola, Syme

701 (his)

Service-tree 487

Wild 481

SES'ELI

LIBANOTIS, Koch G02

Se'selie libunotide (Fr.)

SESLE'EIA

C/EKU'LEA, Scop 1710

83
84
80
87
88
82
90
85
88
82

128
129
124
129
12G
126
127
128

171

168
170
170
170
169
167
165
169
172
166

27
17
29

2S
29

29
150
242

137
138

IX.

ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.
ix.

ix.
xi.

SETA'RIA

[glau'ca, P. de B.] (excluded) . . .

[Ital'ica, P. de B.] (excluded) ...

VEETICILLA'IA, P. de B.

1694

VIE'IDIS, P. de B 1693

Se'turia vert (Fr.)

Shamrock 337

Shave-grass 1894

Sheeji's-bit, Annual 863

Fescue-grass 1783 & 1784

Sorrel 1224

Shepherd's Cress 150

Purse, Alpine

Perfoliate ... 145

She'rarde arvensis (Fr.)

SHEKARDIA

ARVEN'SIS, Linn 663

Shield-fern, Bennett's 1856

Broad 1857

Crested 1853

Lloyd's 1854

Male 1S50

Narrow 1855

Remote 1852

Rigid 1851

Shore-weed, Plantain 1150

Shrew-ash 902

SIBBAB'BIA

procum'bens, Linn 426

Procumbent 426

Sibbuldie couclie'e (Fr.)

SIBTHORP'IA

EUROP^E'A, Linn 969

Sibthorpie d'Europe (Fr.)

Sichel/ormiger Schneckeriklee (Ger.) ...
Sichel/ormiges HasenShrchen (Ger.)...

SIEGLIN'GIA

decum'bens, Bumh 1745

SILA'US

PRATEN'SIS, Bess 604

Silaus des pre's (Fr.)

Silber Pappel (Ger.)

Silberweiscr Gdnscrich (Ger.)

SILE'NE

ACAU'LIS, Linn 205

[alpes'tris, Linn.'] (excluded) ...

ang'lica, Linn 202

var. /3, Auct. Angl.... 203

var. stric'ta, Brom/.

ABME'RIA, Linn 204

brachial ta, Jord

cerasfioi'des, DC

CON'ICA, Linn 201

conoi'dea, Reich 201

DIUR'NA, Grcn. & Godr. 211

exsca'pa, All

GAL'LICA, Koch 201 & 203

Pa.CE

VOL.

199

xi.

199

xi.

14

xi.

13

xi.

14

xi.

25

iii.

162

xii.

5

VI.

144

xi.

57

viii.

209

i.

205

i.

204

i.

232

iv.

231

iv.

80

xii.

82

xii.

70

xii.

73

xii.

57

xii.

76

xii.

67

xii.

65

xii.

175

vii.

58

vi.

142

iii.

143

iii.

143

iii.

147

vi.

148

vi.

24

iii.

123

iv.

87 xi.

139 iv.

140 iv.
193 viii.
152 iii.

62 ii.
134 ii.

60 ii.

60 ii.

61 ii.
61 ii.
57 ii.
61 ii.
5S ii.
5S ii.
69 ii.

63 ii.
59 ii.

TNDEX.

315

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SILE'NE

giil'lica, Linn

var. 0, Auct. Plur.... 202

INFLA'TA, Sm 199

Benth 199 & 200

var. puber'ula, Syme

ITAL'ICA, Per* 208

lusitan'ica, Linn

MAEIT'IMA, Nith 200

NOCTIFLO'RA, Linn. ... 209

NTJ'TANS, Linn 207

olera'cea, Bor

OTI'TES, Linn 20G

paradox' a, Sm

patens, Peete 20S

PRATEN'SIS, Gren. &

Godr 210

puber'ula, Jord

quinque-vul'nera, Linn. ... 203

sylves'tris, Bchott 203

tridenta'ta, DC

vesica'ria, Schrad

Silene a calice enfle' (Fr.)

a courte tige (Fr.)

a petites fleurs (Fr.)

armerie (Fr.)

coni que (Ft.)

d'Angleterre (Fr.)

italique (Fr.)

maritime (Fr.)

noctiflore (Fr.)

pencne (Fr.)

Silver-weed 433

Silybe chardon marie (Fr.)

SIL'YBUM

MARIA'NUM, Gdrtn. ... G81

SIME'THIS

BI'COLOR, Krmth 1541

planifo'lia, Woods 1541

Variegated 1541

SINAPIS

al'ba, Linn 84

arven'sis, Linn 83

. Cheiran'ihus, Koch 92

inca'na, Linn. ? SG

nigra, Linn 85

temcifo'lia, Sm 93

Singriin (Ger.)

srsoN

AMCMUM, Linn 578

inunda't urn, Linn 575

seg'etum, Linn 577

verticilla'tum, Linn 581

Bison amome (Fr.)

Sisymbre (Fr.)

aUiaire (Fr.)

cornicule (Fr.)

iris (Fr.)

officinal (Fr.)

Gl
GO
56
57
56
G5
Gl
57
GG
Gl
57
63
65
65

67
57
60
60
61
57
57
63
61
62
59
GO
66
58
67
65
150
5

220

IX.

220

ix.

221

ix.

125

i.

124

i.

139

i.

129

i.

126

i.

139

i.

63

vi.

106

iv

102

iv

105

iv

110

iv

107

iv

143

i

117

i

144

i

146

i

114

i

PLATE PAGE

Sisymbre Sophie (Fr.) 145

SISYMBRIUM

ALLIA'RIA, Scop 100 146

amphib'ium, Linn 128 181

l'RIO, Linn 99 145

monen'se, " Linn.," Sm. ... 91 138

mura'le, Linn 94 140

Nasturtium, Linn 125 176

OFFICINALE, Scop. ... 96 143

POLYCERA'TIUM, Linn. 97 114

SOPHI'A, Lnn 98 145

sylves'tre, Linn 126 179

tenuifo'lium, Linn 93 139

terres'tre, Sm 127 180

thalia'num, Gaud 115 163

vi'mineum, Linn 95 142

SISYRHIN'CHIUM

an'ceps, Bab 1491 138

BERMUDIA'NA, £/»».... 1491 138

Blue H91 139

mucrona'tuin, Micltx 139

sruM

ANGUSTlFO'LIUM,

Linn 588

LATIFO'LIUM, Linn. ... 587

nodiflo'rum, Linn 573

re'pens, Sm 574

Skull-cap, Common 10G0

Lesser 1061

Sleep-bearing Poppy 57

Sloe, Blackthorn 408

SMILACI'NA

BIFO'LIA, Desf. 1510

Two-leaved 1510

Smith Weide (Ger.)

Smyrenhraut, or Pferdseppich

(Ger.)

SMYE'NIUM

OLUSA'TEXJM, Linn. ... 631

Snapdragon, Common 953

Corn 954

Sneeze-wort Yarrow 730

Snowdrop, Common 1507

Snowflake, Spring 150G

Summer 1505

Soapwort, Common 197

Soft Rush 15G1

Sohl oder Saal Weide (Ger.)

SOLA'NUM

DULCAMARA, Linn. ... 930 95

var. mari'nnm, Syme 95

minia'tum, Bernh 972

NI'GKUM, Linn 931 & 932

Sm 931

var. minia'lum, Syme 932

Soldier, Water 1445

SOLIDA'GO

Cam'brica, Huds 779

177

118

IV.

117

iv.

100

iv.

100

IV.

48

vii.

49

vii.

81

i.

115

iii.

175

ix.

17G

ix.

227

viii.

177

IV.

131

vi.

132

vi.

GO

v.

1G7

ix.

1G6

ix.

165

ix.

53

ii.

21

X.

235

viii.

93

vi

96

vi

97

vi

97

vi

80

ix

113

31G

EXGLISH BOTAXY.

PLATE TAGE VOL.

SOLIDA'GO

[lanceola'ta, Linn.] (ex-

cluded)

YIR'GA-AU'REA, Linn.

77S & 779

var. angustifo'lia, Koch ...

var. cam'brica, 8m.... 779

Solomon's Seal, Angular-stemmed. 1512

Common 1513

Whorled-leaved 1511

Sommcr-Knotenblume (Ger.)

Wendi .lurehe (Ger.)

SON'CHUS

alpi'nus, Linn S09

AEVEN'SIS, Linn 813

ASTER, Hoffm. ... 811 & 812

cxru'leus, Cam 8i>9

faSlax, Walk 811 & 812

OLERA'CEUS, Linn. ... 810

a. and /3. I&'vis, Linn. 810

y. and 5. as'pcr, Linn.

Sll & S12

PALUS'TRIS, Linn 814

Sonnemcende Flockeriblume (Ger.)

Sonnenwendige Wolfsmilche (Ger.) ...

Soque tertianairc (Fr.)

Sorbier domestique (Fr.)

SOB' BUS

A'ria, Crantz 4S2

var. salicifo'lia, Myr. 483

Atieupa'rm,Jjma 486

domes'tica, Linn 487

ferinica, Fries 485

hyb'rida, Fries 485

[- Willi (?)] (ex-

eluded)

latifo'lia, Pers

oblongifo'lia, Reich 4S3

scan'dica, Fries 4S4

tormina'lis, Crantz 4S1

Sorrel, Common 1223

French 1222

Kidney-shaped Mountain 1225

Procumbent Yellow 311

Sheep's 1224

Upright Yellow 312

Wood 310

Souchel brun (Fr.)

long (Ft.)

Soude dpineme (Fr.)

Southernwood, Field 1233

Sow-thistle, Blue 809

Corn 813

Marsh 814

Rough Sll & 812

Smooth 810

SOYEB'IA

paludo'sa, Gr. & Godr S21

Spanish Catchlly 206

217

113

v.

113

v.

113

V.

180

ix.

177

ix.

177

ix.

1G5

ix.

117

ix.

152

v.

151

v.

154

v.

152

v.

154

v.

153

v.

153

V.

154

V.

155

V.

38

V.

100

viii.

48

vii.

250

iii.

243

iii.

244

iii.

248

iii.

250

iii.

247

iii.

247

iii.

2G1

iii.

242

iii.

244

iii.

245

iii.

241

iii.

55

viii.

54

viii.

5S

viii.

214

ii.

57

viii.

215

ii.

211

ii.

41

X.

42

X.

5

viii.

G5

v.

152

V.

155

V.

157

V.

154

V.

153

V.

163

V.

64

ii.

PLATE PAGE

SPARGA'NICM

AFFrNE, Schneild 1389 7

en-c'tum, var. a, Linn 1387 5

var. £, Linn 1388 6

longifolivm, Don 1389 7

MINIMUM. 77/ >• 1390 8

na'tans, Bab 1389 7

Linn 1390 8

RAMO'SUM, Huds 1387 5

SIM'PLEX, Hud* 1388 6

var. Benth 1389 7

Spargoute des champs (Fr.) 128

en alene (Fr.) 124

nodeuse (Fr.) 126

Sparrige Binse (Ger.) 39

Sparriger Alaut (Ger.) 99

Spartain a balais (Fr.) 11

SPARTTXA

ALTERXIFLO'RA. Lois. 1GSS 5

STRIC'TA, Both 1687 4

var. aUernifio'ra, A.

Gray 16SS 5

Spartine roide (Fr.) 5

SPASTIUM

scopa'rium, Linn 329 11

Spear Mint 1023 8

Thistle 6SG 11

Spearwort, Adder' s-tongue-leaved 28 33

Greater 31 36

Lesser 30 35

SPEGULA'BIA

hyb'rida, A. DC S74 17

[speculum, A. DC] (ex-

cluded) 19

Speedwell, Blue Rock 9S1 1G1

Brooklime 990 170

Buxbaum's 973 153

Common 9S4 & 985 1G4

Erect Alpine 9S0 159

Germander 986 165

Green Procumbent... 972 152

Grey Procumbent ... 971 151

Ivy-leaved 970 150

leaved Whitlow Grass 135 192

Marsh 988 168

Mountain 987 1G7

Smooth Annual 977 157

Perennial ... 978 158

Prostrate ... 979 158

Spiked 9S2&983 1G2

Tririd 974 154

Yernal 975 155

Wall 976 156

Water 989 169

SpeierUng (Ger.) 250

SPERGEL'LA

nodo'sn. Reich 251 125

saginoi'des, Reich 249 122

subula'ta, Reich 250 122

in
vii.

VI.

vi.
vi.

INDEX.

317

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SPER'GULA

ARVEN'SIS, Linn.... 252 & 253 126 ii.

Reich 252 127 ii.

var. sati'va, Syme ... 252 127 ii.

var. vulga'ris, Syme 253 127 ii.

niva'lis, Lindblorn ... 250 (Ms) 124 ii.

nodo'sa, Linn 251 125 n.

[pentan'dra,i«KH.] (excluded) ... 134 ii.

Sm 253 127 ii.

saginoi'dts, Linn 249 122 ii.

0. nivalis, Lind. 250 (bis) 124 ii.

sati'va, Bonningh 252 127 ii.

subula'ta, Swartz 250 122 ii.

stric'ta, Swartz 244 115 ii.

vulga'ris, Bonningh 253 127 ii.

Spergulaire des rochers (Fr.) 133 n.

marine (Ft.) 132 ii.

neglige* (Fr.) 131 ii.

rouge (Ft.) 129 ii.

SPERGULA'RIA

MARGIN A'TA, Syme ... 257 131 ii.

mari'iia, Garcke 255 129 ii.

Tar. a, Hook. £ Arn. 255 129 ii.

var. j3, Hook. & Arn. 257 131 ii.

me'dia, Garcke 257 131 ii.

£. rnargina'ta, Fenzl. 257 131 ii.

NEGLEC'TA, Syme 255 129 ii.

var. me'dia, Syme 130 ii.

var. sali'na, Syme 130 ii.

RU'BRA, E end 254 129 ii.

RUPES'TRIS, Lebel 256 132 ii.

rupi'cola, Lebel 256 133 ii.

sali'na, Pred 130 ii.

Sperrfriichtige Segge (Gcr.) 93 x.

Spider Orchis, Early, var. a 1469 112 ix.

var. 0 ... 1470 113

Late 1468 112

Spiegelndes Samhraut (Ger.) 40

Spierapfel (Ger.) 250

Spiessb'lattrige Jlelde (Ger.) 32

Spiessbldttriger Frauenflachs (Ger.) ... 135

Spiessform iger Loire nzahn (Ger.) 133

Spikenard, Ploughman's 767 99

Spindle-tree 317 225

Spinnen Frav.entlira.ne (Ger.) 112

Spinnenahnliche Frauentkrane

(Ger.) 113

SPIR^A

FILIPEN'DULA, Linn. 416 128

SALICIFO'LL\, Linn. ... 414 125

ULMA'RIA, Linn 415 126

Spiraea, Willow-leaved 414 126

Spiranthe automnale (Fr.) 116

(Te'te (Ft.) 117

SPIRAX'THES

^STIVA'LIS, Rich 1473 116

AUTUMNA'LIS, Rich. ... 1472 115

cer'nua, Bab 1474 117

GEMMIP'ARA, Lindl ... 1474 117

Romanzoffia'na, Cham 1174 117

YOL. XII. - T

ix.
ix.

in.
viii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Spire'e a feuilles de saule (Fr.) 126 iii.

Spire'e filipendule (Fr.) 129 iii.

Spire'e reine des pres (Fr.) 127 iii.

SPIRODE'LA

polyrrhi'za, Schleid 1397 23 ix.

Spitzblattriye Weide (Ger.) 251 viii.

Spitzbldttriges Samhraut (Ger.) 47 ix.

Spitziger Weizen (Ger.) 183 xi.

Spitzkantige Segge (tier.) Ill *.

Spitzheimender Knoterich (Ger.) 81 viii.

Spleenwort 1876

Alternate-leaved ... 1881

Black 1874 & 1875

127
136
J122,
\123
138
129
132
119
131
117

Forked 1882

Green 1877

Lady Clermont's ... 1879

Lanceolate 1873

Maidenhair 1878

Smooth Rock 1872

Sprossende Felsnelke (Ger.) 52

Spurge, Broad-leaved Worted... 1255 101

Bushy Worted 1256

Caper 1267

Coral 1259

Cyprus 1262

Downy 1258

Dwarf 1266

Irish 1257

Laurel 1247

Leafy-branched 1261

Petty 1265

Portland 1264

Purple 1253

Sea 1263

Sun 1254

Woody 1260

Spurrey, Corn 252

var. 3 253

Knotted 251

Red-flowering Field... 254

Squats 66

Squill, Autumnal 1526

Vernal 1527

Squinancy-wort 661

St. Barnaby's Thistle 712

St. James's Weed 152

St. John's Wort, Dotted-leaved 268

Hairy 274

— Imperforate ... 269

Large-flowered 267

. Linaria-leaved 272

Marsh 276

Mountain 275

Small Upright 273

Squared-stemmed 270

Stinking 266

Tall 265

_ Trailing 271

Waved-leaved

270 (bis)

102
113
105
108
104
112
103

87
107
111
111

99
109
100
106
128
128
126
129

98
199
200
229

38
212
149
158
152
147
156
160
159
157
153
146
146
155

155

xn.
xii.

Ixii.

xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.
xii.

ii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

ii.

ix.
ix.
iv.

318

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

58

yii.

61

vii.

CO

vii

54

vii

56

vii

Stachelbeere (Ger.) 39 iv.

Stachelspitziges Samkraut (Ger.) 49 ix.

STA'CHYS

amhig'ua, Sin 1070

ANNUA, Linn 1073

AEVEN'SIS, Linn 1072

BETON'ICA, Benlh 1067

. GERMAN'ICA, Linn. ... 1068

[lana'ta, Linn.'] (excluded)

■ palus'tri-sylvctf ica, Schiede 1070

PALUSTRIS, Linn 1069

var. amhig'ua, Bab — 1070

var. hyb'rida, Benth. 1070

SYLVAT'ICA, Linn 1071

STA'CHYS

SYLVATTCT-PALUS'TRIS,

Wirtg 1070

STAFHYLEA

PINNA'TA 322

Staph ijlier aile (Ft.)

Star of Bethlehem, Common ... 1524

Drooping ... 1523

■ Spiked 1525

Yellow 1522

Star-Thistle 711

■ Rough 710

Starch Hyacinth 1529

Stiirkerer Schwingel (Ger.)

Starve Segge (Ger.)

Starren Schwingel (Ger.)

Starves Hahichtskraul (Ger.)

STAT'ICE

Arme'ria, Linn 1152 & 1153

Sm 1152

auricul&fo'lia, Benth.

1159 & 1160

bahusien'sis, Fries 1158

Be'hen, Drejer 1156 & 1157

var. pyramida'lis,

Syme 1157

bellidifo'lia, Gouan 1161

BINERVO'SA, G. E. Sm.

1159 & 1160

var. Dodar'tii, Syme 1160

var. intermedia, Syme

var. occidentals,

Syme 1159

CAS'PIA, WiUd 1161

Dodar'tii, Bab. (olim)

Gir 1160

elonga'ta, var. pubes'cens,

Koch (?) 1153

Lima' ni urn, Gren. & Godr. 1156

LIMO'NIUM, Linn.

1156-1158

Reich 1157

Sm 1156 & 1157

86 vii.

58 vii.

57 vii.

58 vii.

58 vii.

59 vii.

58 vii.

234
235
196
195
197
194
37
36
203
147
112
109
202

157 vii.

157 vii.

163 vii.

162 vii.
161 vii.

161 vii.

165 vii.

163 vii.

164 vii.
164 vii.

164 vii.

165 vii.
164 vii.
164 vii.

157 vii.

161 vii.

/1G0,\ •■

161 vii.

161 vii.

PLATE TAGE

STAT'ICE

var. Benth 1158 162

var. 3, Sm 1159 164

var. Be'hen, Boiss. ... 1156 161

var. genui'na, Boiss. 1157 161

var. Scan' ica, Fries

1156 & 1157 161

mariti'ma, Sm 1152 157

occidrnta'lis, Lloyd 1159 164

plantagin'ea, All 1154 159

Fseudo-Limo'nium, Reieh. 1156 161

rariflo'ra, Drejer 1158 162

reticula'ta, M. Bieb 1161 165

sero'tina, Gren. & Godr. (in

part) 1157 161

spathula'ta, Hoot 1159 164

Statice limonium (Ft.) 162

Stechende Simse (Ger.) 67

STEENHAMMA'BIA

mar it' ima, Fries 1099 93

STEENHAM'MEBA

mar it' ima, Reich 1099 93

Steife Segge (Ger.) 109

Wolfsmilch (Ger.) 102

Steifer Gdnsefuss (Ger.) 20

Sauerklee (Ger.) 215

Steifes Borstengras (Ger.) 198

Steifhaariges Vergissmeinnicht

(Ger.) 107

Steigende Waldrebe (Ger.) 3

Steinpderleinhlattrige Bose (Ger.) 204

STELLA'KIA

AQUATTCA, Scop 227 91

Borxa'na, Jord 94

cerastoi'des, Linn 226 90

Elizabe'thw, "F. Schultz" 95

GLAU'CA, Nith 231 97

GRAMIN'EA, Linn 232 9S

grandiflo' ra, "Tenore," Woods.... 95

HOLOSTEA, Linn 230 96

ME'DIA, With 229 93

Boreau 229 93

var. Boraja'na, Syme 94

var. neglec'ta, Syme 94

var. umbro'sa, Syme 95

neglec'ta, Wtihe 94

NEM'ORUM, Linn 228 93

pentag'yna, Gaud 227 9]

scapig'era, Willd 99

ULIGINO'SA, Mnrr , 233 99

umbro'sa, " Opitz.," Bab 95

Stellaire aqnatiqur (Ft.) 92

des bois (Fr.) 93

glauque (Fr.) 98

grammee (Fr.) 99

holostee (Fr.) 97

morgeline (Fr.) 95

Stengellose Eberwurz (Ger.) 17

Stengel umfassende Taubnessel

(Ger.) 70

VII.

vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

vii.
vii.
vii.

vni.
viii.

IXDEX.

319

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Sternformige Segge (Ger.) 95 x.

Sternhyacinthe (Ger.) 201 ix.

Stiefmutterchen (Ger.) 25 ii.

Stiel Eiche (Ger.) 146 viii.

Stielfriichtige Keilmelde (Ger.) 38 viii.

Stinhende Grundfeste (Ger.) 15S v.

Hnnds-Kamille (Ger.) 50 v.

Niessvourz (Ger.) 59 i.

Stiiikender Gansefuss (Ger.) 13 viii.

Stinking Goosefoot 1187 13 viii.

Groundsel 752 82 v.

Hawk's-beard 815 158 v.

Hellebore 15 59 i.

Mayweed 720 50 v.

St. John's Wort 266 116 ii.

STITA

[penna'ta, L.] (excluded) 200 xi.

Stitchwort 229 95 ii.

Bog 231 100 ii.

Fountain 233 100 ii.

Glaucous Marsh 231 98 ii.

Greater 230 97 ii.

Lesser 232 99 ii.

Wood 228 93 ii.

Stock, Great Sea 104 152 i.

Hoary Shrubby 105 153 i.

Stone Bramble 441 160 iii.

crop, Biting 532 55 iv.

English 531 54 iv.

Foreter's 537 60 iv.

Glaucous 535 58 iv.

Hairy 528 51 iv.

Insipid 533 56 iv.

Rock 536 59 iv.

Thick-leaved 530 54 iv.

White 529 52 iv.

Yellow 534 57 iv.

Stonewort, Glabrous 579 108 iv.

■ Hedge 578 107 iv.

Stork's bill, Common 307 207 ii.

Musk 308 208 ii.

Sea 3(>9 209 ii

Stramoine afeuilles sinuees (Fr.) 104 vi.

Strand-Aster (Ger.) Ill v.

Strangle-weed 928 92 vi.

Strapwort, Sand 1170 177 vii.

8tra tlote (does (Fr.) 80 ix.

STRATIO'TES

ALOI'DES, Linn 1445 80 ix.

Straussartige Brombeere (Ger.) 169 iii.

Strausslliitltigcr Fritdlos (Ger.) 144 vii.

Strawberry, Barren 427 144 iii

Hautbois 439 156 iii.

Tree S82 29 vi.

Wild 438 155 iii.

Stumpfbldttriger Ampfer (Ger.) 47 viii.

Stumpfbldtbriges Samkraut (Ger.) 4S ix.

Stw.ipfUuthige Binse (Ger.) 29 x.

Stun.diut (Ger.) ; 05 i.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

STUB'MIA

LSsel'ii, Beich 1488 133 ix.

min'ima, Hoppe 10S9 7 xi.

ver'na, Pers 1689 7 xi.

SU^E'DA

FRUTIGO'SA, Forsk 1178 2 viii.

MARIT'IMA, Dumort. ... 1179 3 viii.

var. ascen'dens, Syme 3 viii.

var. procuni'bens, Syme ... 3 viii.

Subulaire aguaMgue (Ft.) 201 i.

SUBULA'EIA

AQUA'TICA, Linn 143 201 i.

SUCCI'SA

praten'sis, Monch 677 250 iv.

Succory, Swine's 788 127 v.

Wild 786 123 v.

Sueda ligneuse (Fr.) 3 viii.

maritime (Fr.) 4 viii.

Sulphur -wort 609 149 iv.

Meadow 604 140 iv.

Water-Dropwort... 595 127 iv.

Sump/ Bcddgreis (Ger.) 88 v.

Blutauge (Ger.) 153 iii.

Dotterblu.me (Ger.) 52 i.

Dreizach (Ger.) 66 ix.

Glockenheide (Ger.) 38 vi.

Harthen (Ger.) 160 ii.

Herzblatt (Ger.) 86 iv.

Iluttonie (Ger.) 130 vii.

Isnardie (Ger.) 27 iv.

Kratzdistel (Ger.) 13 v.

Labhraut (Ger.) 222 iv.

Lausekraut (Ger.) 179 vi.

Platterbse (Ger.) 109 iii.

Buhrkraut (Ger.) 73 v.

Saudistel (Ger.) 157 v.

Schmiele (Ger.) 69 xi.

Schotenweiderich (Ger.) 19 iv.

Segge (Ger.) 166 x.

Straudliiig (Ger.) 175 vii.

Tolfieldie (Ger.) 224 ix.

Weichkraut (Ger.) 135 ix.

Veilchen (Ger.) 14 ii.

Vergissmeinnicht (Ger.) 100 vii.

VogeUeraut (Ger.) 100 ii.

Ziest (Ger.) 57 vii.

Sumpfbinse (Ger.) 33 x.

Sumpfried (Ger. ) 52 x.

Sumpfscheuclizeri (Ger.) 67 ix.

Sundew, English 183 33 ii.

Intermediate 1S4 33 ii.

Larger Long-leaved ... 183 33 ii.

Les>er Long-leavLd ... 1S4 33 ii.

Bound-leaved 182 31 ii.

Sun-Rose 165 8 ii.

Spurge 1254 100 viii.

Sureau noir (Fr.) 200 iv.

Su rea u Yeble (Fr.) 201 iv.

Suron-Terrenpise (Fr.) 114 iv.

320

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

SussholzbVdttrige Bdrenschote (Ger.) ... 76 iii.

Swallow-wort 67 100 i.

Swedish Turnip 89 135 i.

Sweet Alyssum 140 198 i.

Chestnut 1290 159 viii.

Cicely 626 170 iv.

-Flag 1391 11 ix.

Milk Vetch 377 76 iii.

scented Coltsfoot 781 118 v.

Evening Primrose 509 26 iv.

Vernal-grass 1696 18 xi.

Violet 171 15 ii.

Woodruff 660 228 iv.

Sweetbriar, Common 468 210 iii.

Small-flowered 469 212 iii.

leaved 470 212 iii.

SWER'TIA

[peren'nis, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 81 vi.

Swine's Cress 160 222 i.

Succory 788 127 v.

Sycamore 320 231 ii.

S YMPHOBICAB'P US

[racemo'sus, Mich.'] (excluded)... 210 iv.

SYMPHYTUM

[asper'rimum, M. Bieb.]

(excluded) 121 vii.

OFFICINALE, Linn.

1115 & 1116 114 vii.
var. pa'tens, Syme ... 1116 115 vii.

[Orientate, Linn.] (excluded) ... 121 vii.

pa'tens, Sibth 1116 115 vii.

[Tau'ricum, Willd.] (ex-

cluded) 121 vii.

TUBERO'SUM, Linn. ... 1117 116 vii.

Taber-ndmontaii's Simse (Ger.) 64

Tabouret cles Alpes (Fr.) 205

des champs (Fr.) 203

perfolie' (Fr.) 204

Tamarisk, English 261 139

Tamarisque (Fr.) 139

TAMARIX

ANG'LICA, Webb 261 139

gal'Uca, Sm 2G1 139

Tn misier commun (Fr.) 171

TAMUS

COMMU'NIS, Linn 1508 170

cret'ica, Linn 171

e'dulis, Lowe 171

TANACE'TUN

Leucan'themum, Reich, fil. 714 41

Parthe'nium, C. H. Schultz. 715 43

vulga're, Linn .,, 716 44

Tanaisie commune (Fr.) 45

Tansy, Common 716 45

leaved Yarrow 728 58

PLATE PAGE

TARAXACUM

Dens-leo'nis, Desf. 802 142

erythrosper'mum, Andr. ... 803 142

Ixviga'tum, DC 143

OFFICINALE, Wigg.

802-804 142

Gr. &Godr 802 142

var. erythrosper'mum,

Syme 803 142

var. glances' cens,

Koch 803 142

var. lteviga'tum, Syme 143

var. liv'idum, Koch 804 143

var. palus'tre, Syme 804 143

var. taraxacoi'des,

Koch 143

palus'tre, DC 804 143

u'dum, Jord 144

Tare, Four-seeded Slender 383 86

Hairy 382 84

Many-seeded Slender 384 87

Taschelkraut (Ger.) 212

Taube Trespe (Ger.) 164

Tauben-Skabiose (Ger.) 252

Taubenkropp (Ger.) Ill

Taumel Lolch (Ger.) 188

Tausch (Ger.) 162

Tausendgiddenkraid (Ger.) 68

Tausindkorniger Zwerg-Lein (Ger.) ... 180

TAXUS

bacca'ta, Lindl 1384 277

BACCA'TA, Linn 1384 277

var. fasti^ia'ta, Syme 277

fastigia'ta, Lindl 277

Tea-plant 933 99

Teasel, Cultivated 675 247

headed Trefoil 350 43

Small 676 249

Wild 674 246

TEESDA'LIA

Ibe'ris, DC 150 209

NUDICAU'LIS, R. Brown 150 209

petree'a, Reich 151 210

Teesdalie irre'guUere (Fr.) 209

TELMATOPEA'GE

gib'ba, Schleid 1396 22

TERACHIA

German'ica, Presl 1881 136

Euta-mura'ria, Presl 1880 135

Terrenoix commune (Fr.) 113

TEU'CRIUM

BO'TRYS, Linn 1091 81

CHAM.E'DRYS, Linn. ... 1094 84

[re 'gium, Schreb.] (excluded) ... 87

scordioi'des, Bab 83

[ Schreb.] (excluded) 87

SCOR'DIUM, Linn 1092 82

SCORODO'NIA, Linn. ... 1093 85

Teufels Abbas (Ger.) 250

Vlll.

viii.

viii.

viii.

vi.

xn.
xii.
iv.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
iv.

INDEX.

321

PLATE PAGE VOL.

THALIC'TEOI

ALPI'XUM. Linn

colli' man ? Wall

eumi'nus, Syme

FLA'VUM, Linn

Beich

var. Moriso'ni, Syme

Tar. ripa'rhim, Syme

yar. sphserocar'pum,

8a

87
8)3

•>yme.

flexuo'sum, Bernh 5

KOCH'II, Fries 6

ma'jus, Sm o

MI'XUS, Linn 3-5

Auct. Plur 3 & 4

(in part), Benth., &c. 5

7, Hook. & Arn 7

var. marit'imum,

>yme.

var. monta'uum, Syme 4

monta'num, Wallr 4

Moriso'ni, Reich 8 7

ripa'rium, Jord 8 $

mxat'ile, Bab 6

SAXAT'ILE, ScWefcfc. ... 7 8

THELTP'TERIS

, palus'tris, Schott 1848 52

Thesion (Fr.) 88

THE'SIUM

. dirarica'tum, var. Ang'li-

cum, Alph.DC 1248 88

var. Gal'licum, Alph.

DC

var. g ra'eile, Alph. DC

HUMIFU'SUM, DC. 1248

[hu'mile, YahT] (excluded)

[interme'dium, Schrad.'] (ex-
cluded) 89

linophyl'lum, Sm 1248

Thistle, Carline 698

Creeping Plume-. ..693 & 694

Dwarf 692 & 692 (bis)

Marsh 688

Meadow 690

Melancholy 691

Milk 681

Musk 683

Scotch 680

Slender-flowered 682

Spear- 686

St. Barnaby's 712

Tuberous 689

Welted 684

Woolly-headed 687

THLASTI

ALPES'TRE, Linn. ... 146-148

alpei'tre, Gr. & Godr., &

Reich 146

Sm.. 148

Xll.

viii.

88

Till.

88

viii.

88

viii.

89

viii.

89

viii.

88

viii.

22

v.

19

v.

17

v.

13

v.

15

v.

16

v.

5

v.

7

V.

3

V.

6

V.

11

V.

38

V.

14

V.

9

V.

12

V.

204

205
206

PLATE PAGE

THLASTI

alpm'tre, var. o, Bab 146 205

rar. 3, Bab 147 206

var. 7, Hook. & Arn. 148 206

ABVEN'SE, Linn 144 202

Bursa-pasto'ris, Linn 152 211

calamina're, "Lej.," Cre'pin 148 206

campes'tre, Linn 156 216

errat'icum, Jord 204

hir'tom, Sm 157 217

occita'num, Jord 147 206

PERFOLIA'TUM, Linn. 145 203

sylves'rre, Jord 146 205

vi'rens, Jord 148 206

Thorn-apple, Common 935 104

Thorough-wax 589 120

Thread Rush 1565 27

Thrift, Common 1152 & 1153 158

Hybrid 1155 159

Plantain-leaved 1154 159

THRIN'CIA

hir'ta, Roth 792 131

Thrinciehe'rissee (Fr.) 132

Throat-wort, Great 867 10

Thrum Wort 1442 75

Thym serpolet (Fr.) 26

Thyme, Basil 1048 33

— Creeping Wild 1043 26

Larger Wild 1044 28

leaved Sandwort 236 103

THYMUS

Ac'inos, Linn 1048 32

Calamin'tha, Sm.... 1050 & 1051 34

Chamfe'drys, Fries 1044 27

eu-Serpyrium, Syme 1043 26

Nep'eta'.Sm 1049 33

Strpyl'lum, Fries 1043 26

SERPYL'LOI, Linn. 1043, 1044 25

var. a, Hook. & Arn. 1043 26

Tar. 3, Hook. & Arn. 1044 27

var. Chamx'drys,

Koch 1044 27

THYSSELTNUM

palus'tre, Hoffm 610 149

TLLTA

coralli'na, Sm 173

europx'a, Benth 285-287 177

Sm 286 173

GRANDIFO'LIA, Ehrh. 285 172

INTERMEDIA, DC. 286 173

microphyl'la, Willd 287 176

PAHVIFO'LIA, Ehrh. ... 287 176

Tar. intermedia, Koch 286 173

Tar. polyan'tha, Koch 287 176

platyphyl'la, Gren. & God. 285 172

platyphyl'los, Scop 285 172

Tu'bra,DC 173

eylves'iris, Des£ 287 176

vulga'ris, Hayn 286 173

1.

i.

i.

i.
vi.
iv.

x.
vii.
vii.
vii.

Til.

vii.

vii.

vii.

ii.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

322

ENGLISH BOTANY

PLATE PAGE

TILL^'A

Mossy 524 47

MTJSCCSA, Linn 524 47

TiUe'e mousse (Fr) 47

Tilled "a grandes feuilles (Fr.) 1-3

a petites feuilles (Fr.) 177

officinal (Fr.) m

Timothee-G-ras (Ger.) 33

Tiniotbv-grass, Alpine 1705 3L

' Common 1706 & 1707 32

Purple-stalked 1708 34

. Sand 1709 35

TTSMA

See Tixea.

TIN'EA

cylindra'cea, Biv 1465 108

TITHYMALUS

. auricida'tus, Lam 12o3 98

lielioseo'pius, Lam 1254 99

rnarit'imus, Lam 1263 109

Toadflax, Decumbent 958 137

-Ivy-leaved 955 134

. Jersey 959 138

-Least 965 & 966 144

Purple 960 139

Striped 961 140

Yellow 962-964 142

. (see Fluellin) ...956 & 957 135-6

Toad Rusb, var. a 1572 36

var.j8 1573 36

TOFIEL'DIA

PALUS'TRIS, Huds 1543 223

Tofieldie a collerette (Fr.) 224

ToUkirsche (Ger.) 100

TOLYPEL'LA

glomera'ta, Leonb 1905 186

intrica'ta, Leonli 1907 188

[nidif'ica, Leonb.] (ex-

cluded) 191

prolif'era, Leonb 1908 189

Tongue-under-Tongue 376 75

Tootbwort 107 157

- 1006 190

Toque naine (Fr.) 49

Torcb-blade 937 111

Tordyle elexe (Fr.) 156

TOEDYLTUM

Anthris'eus, Linn 620 163

MAXIMUM, Linn 614 155

nodosum, Linn 621 164

[officinale, Linn.'] (excluded) ... 179

TOEI'LIS

Anthris'eus, Gmel 620 163

Helvetica, Gmel 619 162

infes'ta, Spr 619 162

nodosa, G'artn 621 164

Tonnentil, Common 430 147

Creeping 431 14S

vm.
viii.
viii.

vi.

vi.

vi.

vi.

vi.

vi.

x.

x.

ix.
ix.
vi.

xii.
xii.

xii.
xii.

TLATE PAGE VOL.

TOBMENTIL'LA

erec'ta, Linn 430 146 iii.

— — officinalis. Sm 430 146 iii.

rep'tans, Linn 431 147 iii.

Torment ille (Fr.) 147 iii.

Tormentillwurz (Ger.) 147 iii.

Tower Mustard. Hairy 116 166 i.

Turkey Pod .' 118 169 i.

Wall Cress 118 169 i.

Smootb 119 170 i.

TRACHYNO'TIA

altermflo ra, DC 16S8 5 xi.

stric'ta.BC 1687 4 xi.

TRAGOPO'GON

minor, Fries 799 139 v.

orienta'lis, Lina. ? 800 139 v.

POERIFO'LIUS, Linn.... 801 140 v.

var. pai-viflo'rus, Syme 801 141 v.

var. sativus, Syme ... 801 141 v.

PPtATEX'SIS, Linn.... 798-800 13S v.

praten'sis, Fries 798 138 v.

Sm. E. B 800 139 v.

var. grandiflo'rus,

Syme 800 139 v.

var. mi'nor, Syme 799 139 v.

Translucent Nitella 1901 180 xii.

Trauben-Eiche (Ger.) 157 viii.

Gamander (Ger.) 82 vii.

Kraniehschnabel (Ger.) 202 ii.

Traubenbliithiger Steinbrech

(Ger.) 74 iv.

Trci'ibenformige Trespe (Ger.) 169 xi.

Traubige Bisamhyacinthe (Ger.) 203 ix.

Traveller's Joy 1 3 i.

Treacle Mustard 102 149 i.

Tree Mallow 279 165 ii.

Meal- 640 204 iv.

Wayfaring 640 204 iv.

Trefle agglomere (Fr.) 51 iii.

couche (Fr.) 61 iii.

de Balbi (Fr.) 46 iii.

de Boccone (Ft.) 47 iii.

des champs (Fr.) 47 iii.

des pres (Fr.) 39 iii.

e'ro*7e'(Fr.) 44 iii.

e'touffe (Fr.) 52 iii.

til if orme (Fr.) 64 iii.

f raisier (Fr.) 59 iii.

hybride (Fr.) 5t iii.

incamat (Fr.) 45 iii.

intermediaire (Fr.) 41 iii.

jnundtre (Fr.) 42 iii.

maritime (Fr.) 43 ni.

raide (Fr.) 53 iii.

rampant (Fr.) 55 iii-

nnrerse (Fr.) 60 iii.

scabre (Fr.) 49 iii.

souti rrain (Fr.) 37 iii.

Trefoil, Balbi's 353 46 iii.

IXDEX.

323

PLAT1! PAGE VOL.

Trefoil, Boccone's 355 47 iii.

Common Bird's-foot ... 36S 66 iii.

Dense-flowered 359 52 iii.

Hare's-foot 354 47 iii.

Honeysuckle 347 39 iii.

Hop 365 61 iii.

Least Yellow 367 64 iii.

Lesser Yellow 366 63 iii.

Long-podded Small

Bird's foot 371 69 iii.

Marsh Bird's-foot 370 68 iii.

Beversed-flowered 364 60 iii.

Bough Eigid 357 49 iii.

Short-podded Small

Bird's-foot 372 70 iii.

Slender Bird's-foot 369 67 iii.

■ Smooth Bound-headed 35S 51 iii.

Soft-knotted 356 4S iii.

Starry-headed 351 44 iii.

■ Strawberry-headed 363 59 iii.

Subterranean 346 37 iii.

■ Sulphur-coloured 349 42 iii.

Teasel-headed 350 43 iii.

Upright Bound-heade 1 360 53 iii.

Zigzag 34S 41 iii.

TRICHO'DIUM

cani'num. Scrad 171S 46 xi.

seta'ceum, B. & S 1717 45 xi.

TEICHOATAXES

ala'tum. Hook 1839 33 xii.

brevisdtum, B. Br 1839 33 xii.

pelta'tum, Boiret 1841 36 xii.

pyxidif'erum, Linn 1839 33 xii.

EADI'CAXS. 8wa.rU 1839 33 xii.

var. Andrew'sii, Syme 33 xii.

epecio'sum, Willd 1839 33 xii.

Tunbridgen'se, Linn 1840 35 xii.

TEICHONE'MA

Buiboco'dium. Sm 1492 140 is.

COLUM'X,E, Reich 1492 140 ix.

Columna's 1492 141 ix.

TBICHOPH'OBUM

a&pfnum, Pera 1603(70) 176 x.

eaesptio'sum, Hartm.... 1590(55) 176 x.

Trumtole <? Europe (Fr.) 142 vii.

TEIEXTA'LES

EUEOP.EA, Linn 1139 142 vii.

TEIFO'LIUM

agru'rium, Huds 365 60 iii.

aremva'gurn, Jord 47 iii.

AEVEN'SE, Linn 354 46 iii.

Bocco'ni, Savi 355 47 iii.

el'egans, Savi 53 iii.

eu-incarna'tum, Byrne 352 44 iii,

FILIFOE'ME. Linn 367 63 iii.

nlifor'me, Koch 366 62 iii,

FBAGIFEBUM, Linn.... 363 58 iii.

GLOMEEA'TUM, Linn. 35S 50 iii,

grac'ile, Jord 47 iii

PLATE PAGE VOL.

TEIFO'LIUM

HYB'EIDUM, Linn 361

hyb'ridum, Koch 361

var. el'egans, Syme

LXCAEXATUM, Linn.

352 & 353

Bor 352

var. a. Auct. Plur. ... 352

var. ft, Auct. Plur. ... 353

Ixviga'tum, Desf. 360

macrorrJii'zum, W. & K. ... 341

MAEITIMUM Huds. ... 350

MEDIUM, Linn 348

Mefflotus in'dica, Linn. ? 344

ojncina'lis, var. /3,

Linn 342

var. 7, Linn 341

orn ithopodioi'desjuixm. 345

micran'tiium, Koch 367

MIXES, BeOum 366

Moline'rii, Balb 353

OCHEOLEU'CUM, Linn, 349

officinale, Sm 341

ornithopodioi' de$, Sm. E.B. 345

[parviflo'rum, Elirh.~\ (ex-

cluded)

BEATEX'SE, Linn 347

Eeich 347

var. parviflo'rum, Syme

var. sati'vum, Syme

var. sylves'tre, Syme 348

PBOCUM'BENS, Linn.... 365

procum'bens, Huds 366

EE'PEXS; Linn 362

BESUMNATUM, Linn. 364

rubel'lum, Jord

sati'vum. Mill

SGA'BBUM, Linn 357

STELLA'TUM, Linn. ... 351

BTBIATUM, Linn 356

STEIC'TUM, WahM. &

Kit 360

BTJBTEBEA'NETJM,iinn. 346

SUFFOCATUM, Z inn.... 359

TEIGLO'CHIN

MABFTIMUM, Linn. ...1434 66

PALUSTEE, Linn 1433 65

TEIGOXEL'LA

OEXITHOPODIOI'DES,

DC. 345 34

Trigonelle pied d'oiseau (Fr.) 35

TEINTA

glau'ca, Eeich 107

[Kitaibe'lii, Bieb.~] (ex-

cluded) 179

pu'mila, Eeich 579 107

VULGA'EIS, DC 579 107

Trinie{Fi.) 108

53

iii.

53

iii.

53

iii.

44

iii.

44

iii.

44

iii.

45

iii.

52

iii.

29

iii.

42

iii.

4)

iii.

33

iii.

31

iii.

29

iii.

34

iii.

63

iii.

62

iii.

45

iii.

41

iii.

29

iii.

34

iii.

112

iii.

37

iii.

38

iii.

3S

iii.

38

iii.

38

iii.

60

iii.

62

iii.

54

iii

59

iii

47

iii

3S

iii

49

iii

4-i

iii

48

iii

52

iii

36

iii

51

iii

324

ENGLISH BOTANY.

87

46

46
46

110

PLATE

TEIO'DIA

DECUM'BENS, P. de B. 1745

TBIPLEUBOSPEEMUM

inodo'rum, C. H. Sckultz

717 & 718
Koch 717

marit'imum, Koch 718

TBIPO'LIUM

vulga're, Nees 776

TBISE'TUM

flaves'cens, P. de B 1736

prie'cox, Dum 1735

praten'se, Dum 1738 & 1739

Pers 1736

pubes'cens, R. & S 1737

TEIT'ICUM

acu'tum, VC. 1812

affi'ne,T>eth 1812

alpi'num, Don 177

campes'tre, Gr. & Godr 181

CANI'NUM, Euds 1809 176

var- biflor'um, Mitt 177

[crista'tum, Schreb.] (ex-

cluded) 202

eu-re'pens, Syme 1810 178

intermedium, Host 181

JUN'CEUM, L 1813 183

lax'um, Fr 1812 182

littora'le, Host 1811 180

lolia'ceum, Sm 1759

pinna'tum, Mouch 1808

pun'gens, Koch 1811

Pers 1812

var. interme'dium,

Syme

var. littora'le, Syme

var. pycnan'thum,

Syme

re'pens, Auct. PI 1810

EE'PENS, L 1810-1812

var. 7, Sm 1811

var. ba,iba,'tum,Duval-

Jouve 179

var. ohtu'sum, Syme 179

var. littore'um, Bab 181

Rottbol'lia, DC 1759 110

Se'pium, Lam 1809 176

sylvat' icum, Monch 1807 173

TBIX'AGO

visco'sa, Reich 994 176

Troene commun (Fr.) 60

Trollblume (Ger.) 54

Trolle globuleuse (Fr.) 54

TROL'LIUS

EUROP^'US, Linn 42 53

Troscart des marais (Fr.) 66

maritime (Ft.) G6

Triigerisches Samkraut (Ger.) 40

73

xi

71

xi.

75

xi

73

xi

74

xi

182

xi.

182

xi

177

xi

110
175
180
182

181
180

180

178
178
180

xi.
xi.
xi.

xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.
xi.

xi.
xi.

XL

xi.

XI.

xi.

IX.

ix.

PLATE TAGB VOL.

Tulip, Wild 1520 191 ix.

TU'LIPA

SYLVES'TRIS, Linn. ...1520 190 ix.

Tulipe sauvage (Fr.) 190 ix.

Tunbridge Filmy Fern 1840 35 xii.

TUBGE'NIA

latifo'lia, Koch 618 161 iv.

Tiirhenbund Lilie (Ft.) 1S8 ix.

Turkey Pod 115 164 i.

Tower 118 169 i.

Turnip 90 136 i.

Swedish 89 135 i.

TUBBl'TIS

gla'bra, Linn 119 169 i.

hirsu'ta, Sm 116 167 i.

Tussilage blanclidtre (Fr.) 119 v.

parfume (Fr.) 118 v.

pas d'dne (Fr.) 116 v.

pelasite (Fr.) 120 v.

TUSSILA'GO

al'ba, Linn 782 118 v.

[alpi'na, Linn.'] (excluded) 217 v.

FAR'FARA, Linn 780 115 v.

fra'grans, Yill 781 117 v.

hyb'rida, Linn 784 119 v.

Petasi'tes, Linn 783 119 v.

Tutsan 264 144 ii.

T way Blade, Common 1477 121 ix.

Lesser 1476 120 ix.

TYTHA

ANGUSTIFO'LIA, Linn. 1386 4 ix.

LATIFO'LIA, Linn 1385 2 ix.

var. me'dia, Syme 3 ix.

me'dia, DC 3 ix.

[mi'nor, Sin.] (excluded) 9 ix.

U'DOBA

Canadensis, Nutt 1446 81 ix.

Uebersehene K'dsepappel (Ger.) 169 ii.

Ufer-Melde (Ger.) 28 viii.

Segge (Ger.) 168 x.

U'LEX

eu-na'nus. Syme 325 7 iii.

EUROPiE'US, Linn. ... 323 4 iii.

var. stric'tus, Syme 4 iii.

var. vulga'ris, Syme... 323 4 iii.

Gal'lii, Planch 324 6 iii.

NA'NUS, Forst 324 & 325 6 iii.

Planch 325 7 iii.

var. a, Auct. PI 325 7 iii.

var. Gal'lii, Auct. ... 324 6 iii.

provincia'lis, Legall 324 6 iii.

stric'tus, Mack 4 iii.

UL'MUS

campes'tris, Linn.... 1285 & 1286 137 viii.

campes'tris, Linn. Herb — 1287 141 viii.

Sm 1285 138 viii.

INDEX.

325

PLATE PAGE VOL.

UL'MUS

campestris, var. nu'do.

Koch 1287 141 viii.

var. subero'sa, Koch.

1285 & 1286 137 viii.

carpinifo'lia, Lindl 1286 138 viii.

glabra, Sm 1286 138 viii.

<jla'bra,\. latifo'lia, Lindl 142 viii.

major, Sni 142 viii.

mi'nor. Mill 1285 138 viii.

MONTANA, Auct 12S7 141 viii.

Sm 1287 142 viii.

var. ma'jor, Syme 142 viii.

var. nit'ida, Syme 142 viii.

stric'ta, Lindl 1286 138 viii.

stric'ta, Lindl 1287 141 viii.

SUBERO'SA, Eftrli.

1285 & 1286 137 viii.

Sm 1285 138 viii.

var. ma'jor, Hook. &

Arn 142 viii.

UMBILFCUS

penduU'ntus, DC 534 62 iv.

Unachter Gdnsefuss (Gar.) 18 viii.

T nterbrochener Windhalm (Ger.) 45 xi.

UE'TICA

DIO'ICA. Linn 1279 127 viii.

Dodar'tii. Linn 1281 129 viii.

PILULIF'ERA. Hook. &

Arn 1280 & 1281 129 viii.

Linn 1280 129 viii.

var. Dodartii, Syme. . . 1281 129 viii.

U'REXS, Linn 1282 130 viii.

VtricuJaire commune (Fr.) 127 vii.

interme'diaire (Fr.) 129 vii.

naine (Fr.) 128 vii.

UTEICUEAEIA

INTERMEDIA, Wayne... 1127 128 vii.

ma'jor, Schmidel 1125 (bis) 127 vii.

MI'XOR. Linn 1126 128 vii.

NEGLEC'TA, Lehm, 1125 (bis) 127 vii.

YULGA'RIS, Linn 1125 126 vii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Valerian, Heart-leaved 667

Red 664

Small Marsh 668

YALEELA'NA

denta'ta, Ehrh 672

DIOI'CA, Linn 668

238
234
239

243
238
240
235
236
236
236

VACCLNTTJM

[macrocar'pam, Ait.] (excluded) 54 vi.

MYRTIL'LUS, Linn 879 24 vi.

OXYCOC'COS. Linn 876 20 vi.

UUGINO'SUM, Linn. ... 878 23 vi.

YITIS-ID.EA. Linn 877 22 vi.

Yaillantie he'rissee (Fr.) 225 iv.

YaiUants Erdrauch (Ger.) 114 i.

VALAN'TIA

[Apari'ne. Linn.] (excluded) ... 232 iv.

crucia'ta, Linn 647 213 iv.

Valerian, Cut-leaved 665 235 iv.

Great Wild 666 237 iv.

Greek 922 82 vi.

VOL. XII. 2 u

236
238
233
236
238

Locus' ta, Linn 669

OFFICIXA'LIS, Linn. ... 666

Mik 666

Sm 666

var. Mika'nii, Syme... 666

var. sambucifolia,

Syme 666

PYREXA'ICA, Linn 667

rubra, Linn 664

sambucifo'lia. Mik 666

YaUriane des Pyrenees (Fr.)

dioique. (Fr.) 239

officinale (Fr.) 237

VALEEIANEL'LA

AURICULA, DC. 671 241

C ABINATA, Lois 670 241

denta'ta, DC 671 241

DENTA'TA, Koch 672 243

ERIOCARTA, Desv 673 244

mix'ta, Duf. 672 243

Moriso'nii, Dn£ 672 243

OLITO'RIA, Monch 669 240

tridenta'ta, Reich 671 241

Velar (Fr.) 148,149

VEL'LA

[an'nua, Linn.'] (excluded) 224

Yenus'-Comb, Common 627 172

Looking-glass, Small-flowered

874 18

VEEBAS'CUM

BLATTA'RIA, Linn. ... 942 116

blattarioi' des, Lam 941 115

edMnum, Schiad 944 118

flocco'sum, W. ft K 938 112

LYCHNTTIS, Linn 939 113

p. Thap'si, Sm 943 117

)3. thapsoi'des, With.

fil 943 117

ni'gro-flocco'sum, Koch ... 945 118

ni'gro-Lychni'tis, Schiede 946 119

nigro-pulverulen'tum, Sm. 945 118

NIGRUM. Linn 940 114

var. iti'gro-Lycluti'tis,

Bab 9W 119

var. ova'tum, Koch... 946 119

var. tomento'sum, -Ba?) 115

[phlomi 'das, Linn.] (excluded)... 187

[phrenic'eurn. Linn.] excluded) 187

PULVERULEN'TUM, YiU.

938 112

£. ni'gro-pulverulen'-

tum, Sm 945 118

Schiedia'num, Koch 946 119

iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.

iv.
iv.

iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.
iv.

vi.
vi.

vi.
vi.

vi.

vi.
vi.

vi.
vi.

326

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE TAGE VOL.

VEEBAS'CUM

Schottia'num, Schrad 945 118 vi.

Schrad' eri,M.ey 937 110 vi.

spur'ium, Koch 943 117 vi.

[thapsifor'me, Mey.~\ (excluded) 187 vi.

thapsoi'des, Huds 943 117 vi.

Thap'so-Lychni'tis, With. 943 117 vi.

Thap'so-ni'grum, Schrad. 944 118 vi.

THAP'SUS, Linn 937 110 vi.

var. ni'gro-Lychni'tis,

With 946 119 vi.

j8. Thap'so-ni'grum,

With 944 118 vi.

VIRGA'TUM, With 941 115 vi.

VEEBE'NA

OFFICINALIS, Linn. 1018 202 vi.

Verge d'or commune (Fr.) 114 v.

Vergerette acre (Fr.) 109 v.

des Alpes (Fr.) 110 v.

du Canada (Fr.) 108 v.

Verliingerte ' Segge (Ger.) 100 x.

Vernachldssigtes Schilf (Ger.) 57 xi.

Vernal-grass, Sweet-scented ... 1G96 18 xi.

Verneinkraut (Ger.) 88 viii.

VEKONTCA

AGRES'TIS, Linn 972 151 vi.

var. Benth 971 150 vi.

AlUo'ni, Hook 163 vi.

ALPI'NA, Linn 980 159 vi.

anagallifor'mis, Bor 169 vi.

ANAGAL'LIS, Linn 989 168 vi.

Bor 989 168 vi.

ARVEN'SIS, Linn 976 155 vi.

BECCABUN'GA, Linn. 990 169 vi.

BUXBAUM'II, Ten 973 152 vi.

CHAM^'DRYS, Linn. ... 986 164 vi.

did'yma, Ten. ? 971 150 vi.

eu-serpyllifo'lia, Syme 978 157 vi.

[fruticulo'sa, Linn.'] (excluded) 188 vi.

0. pilo'sa, Benth 9S1 160 vi.

HEDERIFO'LIA, Linn. 970 149 vi.

hirsu'ta. Hopk 9S5 163 vi.

humifu'sa, Dicks 979 158 vi.

hyb'rida, Linn 9S3 162 vi.

MONTANA, Linn 987 166 vi.

OFFICINALIS, ii/m. 984, 985 162 vi.

Sm 984 163 vi.

var. hirsu'ta, Syme . . . 985 163 vi.

parmula'ria, T. & P 168 vi.

PEREGRI'NA, Linn. ... 977 156 vi.

Per'siea, Poir. ? 973 152 vi.

POLITA, Fries 971 150 vi.

var. grandiflo'ra, Bab 150 vi.

SAXATTLIS, Linn 981 160 vi.

SCUTELLA'TA, Linn.... 9SS 167 vi.

SERPYLLIFO'LIA, Linn.

978 & 979 157 vi.

var. alpi'na, Hook. &

Am 979 158 vi.

PLATE PAGE '

VERONICA

serpyllifo'lia, var. borea'lis,

Last 979 158

var. humifu'sa, Bab. 979 158

SPICA'TA, Linn. ... 982 & 983 161

var. hyb'rida, Syme... 983 162

TRIPHYL'LOS, Linn. ... 974 153

VER'NA, Linn 975 154

Veronique a ecusson (Fr.) 168

a feuilles de lierre (Fr.) . . . 150

. a trois lobes (Fr.) 154

aquatique (Fr.) 170

de mo ntagne (Fr.) 167

des Alpes (Fr.) 159

des champs (Fr.) 156

des rochers (Fr.) 161

ene-pi(Fv.) 162

mouron d'eau (Fr.) 169

officinale (Fr.) 164

petit chene (Fr.) 165

printaniere (Fr.) 155

rustique (Fr.) 152

voyageuse (Fr.) 157

Verschiedenblattrige Kratzdistel

(Ger.) 16

Verschiedenfarbige Brombeere

(Ger.) 163

Verschieden/arbiges Vergissmein-

nicht (Ger.) 108

Vervain, Common 1018 202

Verveine officinale (Fr.) 202

Vesce a feuilles etroites (Fr.) 98

a quatre graines (Fr.) 86

cracca (Fr.) 88

cultive'e (Fr.) 96

des bois (Fr.) 91

des haies (Fr.) 92

fausse gesse (Fr.) 99

grele (Fr.) 87

jaune (Fr.) 94

orobe(Fr.) 89

Vetch, Alpine Milk 375 74

Bithynian 396 100

Bitter Wood 386 89

Black Bitter 407 112

Bush 388 92

Common Cultivated 392 96

Kidney 333 20

Wild 393 98

Duckling 304 109

Grass-leaved 398 103

Hairy-flowered 391 95

Horse-shoe 380 80

Liquorice ., 76

Purple Milk 376 75

Rough-podded Yellow... 389 94

Smooth-podded Sea 390 94

Spring 395 99

Sweet Milk 377 76

Tuberous Bitter 406 111

vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.
vi.

in.
iii.

in.
iii.

m.
iii.

INDEX.

327

PLATE

PAGE

VOL.

385

88

iii.

Wood

387
399

91

104

iii.

iii.

Marsh

404
400

109
105

iii.

iii.

401

106

iii.

397

102

iii.

YIBUK'XOI

LW'TVVl Linn

640

?03

iv.

OPTLL'S. Linn

639

202

iv.

YICTA

angustifo'lia, Both ... 393 ft 394

97

iii.

Sm

394
393
394

98
97
98

iii.

Forst

iii.

var. Bobar'tii, Koch.

iii.

var. segeta'li.-, Koch.

393

97

iii.

BITHYX'ICA. Linn

396

99

iii.

var. angustifo'lius,

396

100

iii.

var. latifo'lia, Syme...

396

100

iii.

394
386

98
8S

iii.

cassv. Triea, var. Or'ohxs, DC.

iii.

CRIC'CA.. Linn

385

87

m.

389

93

iii.

392

9fi

iii.

GR\C'ILIS, Lois

384
382

86
84

iii.

HIRSU'TA, Koch

iii.

HYB'RIDA, Linn

391
390
395

94
94
98

iii.

iii.

LATHYEOI'DES. Linn.

iii.

LUTE A. Linn 389 & 390

92

iii.

Sm

389
386

93
88

iii.

OB'OBTJS, DC

iii.

392

96

iii.

SATI'YA. Linn 392

-394

95

iii.

var. a, Hook, ft Arn.

392

96

iii.

var. P, Serinee

393

97

iii.

var. angustifo'lia. H&b.

393

97

iii.

var. angustifo'lia,

Hook. & Am 393 & 394

97

iii.

var. Bobar'tii.Hab. ...

394

98

iii.

var. lievioa'ta. Benth.

390

94

iii.

BETIUM, Linn

3S8
387

91
90

iii.

SYLYAT'ICA. Linn

iii.

TETEASPER'MA. Monch

383

S5

iii.

var. o. Hook. & Arn.

383

85

iii.

var. grac'ilis, Hook.

& Arn

384

86
178

iii.

Vielhliithige Weisswurz (Ger.)...

ix.

54

X.

Vielsamiger Game fuss (Ger.) ...

12

viii.

Vielwurzelige WasserHnse (Ger.)

24

ix.

Vierbldttrige Einbeere (Ger.) ...

174

ix.

Vierbldttriges NageOtraut (Ger.)

134

ii.

Vierftugeliges Earthen (Ger.) ...

153

ii.

Vierkantiger Schoten iceid- rich

(Ger.)

17

iv.

Vierhantiges Hartheu (Ger.) ...

152

ii.

1 iergamige Erve (Ger.)

86

iii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

VIL'FA

seta'cea. P. de B 1717 45 xi.

YILLAE'SIA

nymphxoi'des, Yent 921 80 vi.

YINCA

MA'JOR, Linn 905 62 vi.

MI'XOR, Linn 906 63 vi.

VTOLA

agres'tis, Jord 26 ii.

AUio'nii, Pio 174 (his) 235 ii.

AREXA'RIA, DC. ...174 (bis) 235 ii.

arven'sis. Murr 179 25 ii.

CAXI'XA, Bah 175 ft 17*3 21 ii.

Smith 173 19 ii.

Auct. Plur 175 21 ii.

Hook. & Am. ... 173 & 174 18 ii.

var. a, Bab 175 21 ii.

var. 0, Bab 176 22 ii.

contemp'ta, Jord 26 ii.

Cnrtis'ii, Forst 180 26 ii.

eu-tri'color, Syme 178 24 ii.

flacicor'nis, Forst 20 ii.

navicor'nis. Smith 175 21 ii.

HIR'TA, Linn 172 17 ii.

var. calcar'ea, Bah 18 ii.

lac' tea, Beich 177 22 ii.

Smith 176 22 ii.

lancifo'lia, Tbore 176 22 ii.

lep'ida, Jord 27 ii.

lu'tea. Huds 181 27 ii.

Curtis'ii, £. Bab 180 26 ii.

ODORA'TA. Linn 171 14 ii.

PALUSTBIS, Linn 170 13 ii.

pu'mila. Fries 176 22 ii.

Hook. & Arn 175 21 ii.

P, Hook. & Arn 176 22 ii.

Reichenbachia'na, Boreau. 174 20 ii.

Piivinia'na, Beich 173 19 ii.

■ sahulo'sa. Bar 180 26 ii.

segeta'lis, Jord 26 ii.

sepin'cola, Jord 18 ii.

STAGXI'XA. Kit 177 22 ii.

sude'tica. Willd 181 27 ii.

SYLYAT'ICA. Fries. 173 ft 174 18 ii.

Auct. Plur 174 20 ii.

a.Beichenhach'ii,'Ba.h. 174 20 ii.

P. Ricinia'na, Bab.... 173 19 ii.

syhes'tri--: Beich 174 20 ii.

Sy'mei, Baker 27 ii.

TIU'COWR, Linn., Benth.

178-181 23 ii.

var. Curtis'ii, Hook.

& Arn 180 26 ii.

var. o, Auct. Plur. ... 178 24 ii.

var. /3, Auct. Plux. ... 179 25 ii.

varia'ta, Jord 25 i.

Violet, Calathian (Gentian) 914 74 vi.

D.tmask 103 151 i.

Dame's 103 151 i.

328

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE

Violet, Dillenius's Dog 175

Dog Sand 174

Gerarde'sDog 173

Hairy 172

Haller's Dog 177

Horn Poppy 64

Marsh 170

Reichenbach's Dog 174

Smith's Dog 176

Sweet 171

Three-coloured 178

Water 1128

Willow 1366

Yiolette de Bivin (Fr.)

des champs (Ft.)

— des marais (Fr.)

— des sables (Fr.)..,

— herissee (Fr.) ,

— laete'e (Fr.)

— odor ante (Fr.) ...
pense'e (Fr.)

Violier jaune (Fr.).
Viorne mancienne (Fr.)
obier (Fr.)

Viper's Bugloss, Common 1095

Purple 1096

Vipe'reuse vulgaire (Fr.)

• a poils uniformes (Fr.)

VISCA'BIA

alpi'na, Fries 214

purpurea, Wimm 213

vulga'ris, Ruhling 213

VIS'CUM

AL'BUM, Linn 635 (bis)

Vogel-Knoterich (Ger.)

Vogelkirsche (Ger.)

Volant d'eau afleurs alternes (Fr.) ...

en €pi (Fr.)

verticille (Fr )

VUL'PIA

ambig'ua, More 1780

bromoi'des, Dam 1782

Godr 1779

membrana'cea, Lank 1779

My n'ros, Gmel 1781

Pari 17S0-1782

var. a. Pari 1781

var. £. Iromoi'des,

Pari 1782

■ Pseudo-myu'ros. Eeich. ... 1781

sciuToi'des, Gmel 17S2

uniglu'mis, Dum 1779

Vulpiu des champs (Fr.)

des pre's (Fr.)

fauve (Fr.)

genouille' (Fr.)

PAGE

VOL.

22

ii.

236

ii.

20

ii

18

ii

23

ii

96

i

14

ii

21

ii

22

ii

15

ii

25

ii

130

vii

251

viii

20

ii.

26

ii.

14

ii.

236

ii.

IS

ii.

22

ii.

15

ii.

25

ii.

154

i.

204

iv.

203

iv.

88

vii

90

vii

89

vii

90

vii

73

ii.

72

ii.

72

ii.

189

iv.

64

viii.

120

iii.

33

iv.

32

iv.

32

iv.

140

xi.

142

xi.

138

xi.

13S

xi.

141

xi.

139

xi.

141

xi.

142

xi.

141

xi.

142

xi.

138

xi.

23

xi.

28

xi.

24

xi.

26

xi.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

WAHLENBERG'IA

hedera'cea, Eeich 875 18 vi.

WaTd Baldgreis (Ger.) 82 v.

Binse (Ger.) 18 x.

Brustirurz (Ger.) 145 iv.

Erve (Ger.) 91 iii.

Kerbel (Ger.) 16S iv.

Kranichschnabel (Ger.) 195 ii.

Ldusekraut (Ger.) 180 vi.

Marbel (Ger.) 7 x.

Flatterbse (Ger.) 107 iii.

Buhrkraut (Ger.) 75 v.

Sclncingel (Ger.) 150 xi.

Segge (Ger.) 145 x.

fibrose (Ger.) 70 x.

TitZpe (Ger.) 190 ix.

Vergissnu innicht (Ger.) 103,104 vii.

Ziest (Ger.) , 60 vii.

Zicenke (Ger.) 174 xi.

Waldbinse (Ger.) 30 x.

Waldmeier (Ger.) 228 iv.

Waldmeister (Ger.) 228 iv.

Waldminze (Ger.) 7, 8 vii.

Wall-Cress 163 i.

Wall Rue 1S80 135 xii.

Wallflower 102 149 i.

105 154 i.

Common 106 154 i.

Wart Cress, Common 160 222 i.

Lesser 159 221 i.

Warted Spurge, Bushy 1256 102 viii.

Broad-leaved... 1255 101 viii.

Wasser Baldgreis (Ger.) S7 v.

Braunvmrz (Ger.) 121 vi.

Ehrenpreis (Ger.) 169 vi.

Lobelie (Ger.) 2 vi.

Quellgras (Ger.) 95 xi.

Schwaden (Ger.) 101 xi.

Schwertel (Ger.) 146 ix.

Weichling (Ger.) 92 ii.

Wasserkresse (Ger.) 178 i.

Wasserpfeffer (Ger.) 71 viii.

Water Avens 459 200 iii.

Bttony, Common 947 121 vi.

-Ehrharfs 948 123 vi.

Blinks 259 137 ii.

Caltrops 41 52 i.

Can 54 79 i.

duckweed 227 92 ii.

259 137 ii.

Cress, Common 125 178 i.

Crowfoot 21 24 i.

Baudot's ... 22&23 26 i.

Ivy-leaved 26 30 i.

Lenormand's ... 25 29 ■ i.

Bigid-leaved ... 15 17 i.

Three-lobed ... 24 2S i.

Dock, Great 1220 52 viii.

■ Dropwort, Callous-fruited 594 126 iv.

Common 593 125 iv.

IXDEX.

329

PLATE

Water Avens, Dropwort, Fine-
leaved 598

Hemlock ... 597

Parsley 596

River." 599

Sulphurwort... 595

Forget-me-not, Creeping 1105

Great ...1104

Tufted ... 1103

Germander 1092

Hemlock 571

Horehound 1019

Horsetail 1893

Lily. Common Yellow ... 54

—Least 56

White 53

- Lobelia 861

— Milfoil, Alternate-flowered 515

Spiked 514

Whorled 513

- Mint, Hairy 1030

— Parsnip 588

Great 587

Least.... 575

Procumbent 573 & 574

Pepper 1234

Plantain, Floating 1441

Greater 1437

var. £ 1438

Lester 1439

var. £... 1440

PAGE VOL.

131
129
128
132

127

102

100

98

83

97

2

159

79

80

77

2

33

32

32

14

119

118

103

110

71

74

71

71

72

73

Purslane 493

Radish, Small Jagged

127

Rocket 126

Great 128

Sedge 1641 & 1642

Soldier 1445

Speedwell 989

Star wort, Autumnal 1275

Hooked 1273

Large-fruited... 1272

Pedunculated 1274

Vernal 1271

Thyme 1446

Violet 1128

Whorl-grass 1750

Waterwort, Hexandrous 262

Octandrous 263

Wayfaring-tree 640

Weber Karde (Ger.)

WechseSblattriges MUzkraut (Ger.)

WechseZblutiuges Tausetutblaie (Ger.)...
Wegebrettblatteriges Samkraut

(Ger.)

Wegerichbldttrige Gramelke (Ger.) ...

Wtgesenf (Ger.)

Weichblattrige Base (Ger.)

Weicher Kranichschnabel (Ger.)

Welches Soniggras (Ger.)

Weichluumge Birhe-(Ger.)

IV.

vii.
vii.
vii.
vii.

iv.

vii.

xii.

i.

i.

i.

vi.

iv.

iv.

iv.
vii.

iv.

181
180
182
113

80
169
123
121
120
122
119

82
130

95
141
142
204
247

85

33

30
159
144
208
193

84
187

vi.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.

viii.

ix.

IX.

vii.

XI.

viii.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Weichkaarige Trespe (Ger.) 171 xi.

Weichhaariger Gansefuss (Ger.) 21 viii.

Haftr (Ger.) 75 xi.

Wtihnlldtteriger Latticli (Ger.) 150 v.

J J", idtnbliiltrigtr S>>'dont (Ger.) S3 viii.

ir< dnbergs-Laueh (Ger.) 211 ix.

WEIXGAER TXERIA

ca nts'cens, Bernh 1729 204(62) xi.

IP- .-in rose (Ger.) 210 iii.

Weist Seerose (Ger.) 77 i.

Weisen Waehtehoeizen (Ger.) 186 vi.

Weiss Klee (Ger.) 55 iii.

Weisse Fetthetme (Ger.) 52 iv.

Lichtnelke (Ger.) 6S ii.

Moorsim.se (Ger.) 47 x.

Neunhraft (Ger.) 119 v.

Taubnessel (Ger.) 75 vii.

TTeide(Ger.) 212 viii.

Weisser Ahom (Ger.) 231 ii.

Mietel(Gex.) 190 iv.

Sen/ (Ger.) 125 i.

Steinklee (Ger.) 31 iii.

Weissgraue Segge (Ger.) 103 x.

Winterlerhqje (Ger.) 153 i.

WeissUche MSsuwrz (Ger.) 104 ix.

Weissliches Sbraussgras (Ger.) 48 xi.

Weisspappd (Ger.) 193 viii.

Weld 164 5 ii.

WeUenblattrige Weide (Ger.) 214 viii.

Welsh Poppy 63 94 i.

Willow, White 1307 207 viii.

Welted Thistle 684 9 v.

Wtnigbliithige Segge (Ger.) 83 x.

Wermuth (Ger.) 62 v.

Whin ?323 5 iii.

Petty ?326 8 iii.

White Beam, Common 482 244 iii.

Lobed leaved 484 247 iii.

Rock 483 245 iii.

Thorn, Common 480 240 iii.

Glabrous 479 237 iii.

Whitlow Grass, Common (Fig. 2) 134 190 i.
-(Fig. 3) 134 191 i.

Hoary 136 193 i.

Rock' 137 194 i.

Sea Green 138 195 i.

Speedwell-leaved 135 192 i.

Twisted-podded 136 193 i.

Wall 135 192 i.

Woolly 136 193 i.

Yellow Alpine 138 195 i.

Pepperwort 158 219 i.

Whorl-grass Water 1750 95 xi.

Whortleberry Red 877 23 vi.

Wiesen Ampfer (Ger.) 48 viii.

Barenschote (Ger.) 75 iii.

Fuchsschuxmz (Ger.) 28 xi.

Haftr (Ger.) 77 xi.

Hafencurz (Ger.) 140 v.

Knoterich (Ger.) 79 viii.

330

ENGLISH BOTANY.

Wiesen Kranichschnabel (Ger.)

Platterbse (Ger.)

Rispengras (Ger.)

Salbei (Ger.)

Silau (Ger.)

Wiesenknopf (Ger.)

Wiesenrannultel (Ger.)

Wiesenraute (Ger.)

Wild Angelica 607

Basil 1047

Cabbage 87

Carrot 616

Celery 572

Chamomile 719

Charlock 81

Chervil 624

Coleseed 89

English Clary 1056

French-Willow 495 & 496

Larkspur 47

Leek 1530 & 1531

Madder 645

Medlar 478

Mustard 83

Nasturtium 126

Navette 89

Navew 89

Oat 1741

Parsnip 612

Pear 488

Radish 81

Red Currant 521 & 522

Rosemary 883

Service-tree 481

Strawberry 438

Succory 786

Teasel 674

Thyme, Creeping 1043

Larger 1044

Tulip 1520

Valerian, Great 666

Vetch, Common 393

Williams 212

Wild Loffel-Kraut (Ger.)

Wilde Karde (Ger.)

Kdsepappel (Ger.)

Wilder Lattich (Ger.)

Rets (Ger.)

Wildersenf (Ger.)

Willow, Almond-leaved ... 1313-1315

Bay-leaved 1303

Bedford 1308

Blue 1310

Boyton 1318

Crack 1306

Donian 1365

Downy Mountain, var. a

1368-1370

Dwarf 1356-1362

Flowering 933

PAGE

196

105

128

45

140

134

39

4

145

32

130

158

99

48

121

168

135

43

10

64

206

212

235

124

180

135

135

80

152

252

121

45

31

242

155

123

246

26

28

191

237

98

71

49

246

1(37

148

3

144

216

203

208

212

219

207

220

253

248

99

i.

i.

i.

xi.

IV.

vi.
iii.
iii.
v.
iv.
vii.
vii.
ix.
iv.

i.
iv.

ii.

l.

viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.
viii.

viii.

viii.
vi.

PLATE

Willow, Golden 1311

herb, Broad-flowered . . . 499

Chickweed-leaved 505

Greater Alpine ... 506

Great hairy 497

Lesser Alpine ... 507

Long-podded square-stalked

502 17
Narrow-leaved Marsh

504 19
Short-podded square-stalked

PAGE

VOL.

213

viii.

13

iv.

21

iv.

22

iv.

11

iv.

23

iv.

503
Small-flowered hairy

"498
flowered smooth

501

Spear-leaved 500

-leaved Inula 768

Pondweed 1404

Spiram 414

Rosemary-leaved French 494

Rose 464

White 1309

18

12

15
14

100
34

126
7

206

212
10
36

Wild Fiench 495 & 496

Wilson's Filmy Fern 1841

Windblume (Ger.) 14

Windenartiger Knoterich (Ger.) 62

Wind Flower 11

Winter Aconite, Common 43

Cress 120

Early 124

green, duckweed 1139

Intermediate 897

Lesser 898

Round-leaved 895 & 896

Serrated 899

Single-flowered 900

Heliotrope 78 1

iv.
iv.

13

56

171

176

142

49

50

48

51

52

118

Winterhresse (Ger.) 171

Winterling (Ger.) 56

Wirbeldost (Ger.) 32

Witches'-thimbles 870 13

Woad 161 223

Woldriechende • Sdssdolde (Ger.) 170

Wohlriechender KeUerhah (Ger.) 87

Odermennig (Ger.) ... 131

Wohlriecliendes Mariengras (Ger.) 10

Veilchen (Ger.) 15

WOLF'FIA

on-Afro, Wimm 1398 24

Michel'ii, Schleid 1398 24

Wolfsbane, Common 48 65

WolkSpfige Kratzdistel (Ger.) 12

Wollige Schlinge (Ger.) 204

WolHges Honiggras (Ger.) 85

Wood Anemone 11 13

Crowfoot 12 13

Yellow 12 13

Wood Avens 457 198

l.

i.

i.

i.
vii.
vi.
vi.

INDEX.

331

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Wood Barley 1S20 193 xi.

Bt-tonv 1067 54 vii'

Bitter Vetch 386 89 iii.

Broine-grass, False 1807 174 xi

Calainint 1052 36 vii.

Chickweed 228 93 xi

Club-rash 1602 70 x

Couch-grass 1809 177 xi

Cow-wheat 1005 187 vi

Crane's-bill 296 195 ii

Crowfoot 32 37 i

Fescue-grass 1787 & 1788 149 xi.

Forget-me-not 1107 104 vii.

Germander 1093 85 vii.

Hawkweed 850 981 v.

Horsetail 1891 156 xii.

Hyacinth 1528 201 ix.

Meadow-grass 1768 & 1769 124 xi.

Melic-grass 1749 94 xi.

Millet-grass 1728 61 xi.

Nightshade 930 96 vi.

Sanicle 568 93 iv.

Sedge, Loose-spiked 1661 142 x.

Pendulous 1665 145 x.

Starved 1664 144 x.

Small-reed 1723 54 xi.

Sorrel 310 211 ii

Stitchwort 228 93 ii.

Vetch 387 91 iii.

Waxen 328 10 iii.

Woodbine, Common 642 207 iv.

Perfoliate 641 206 iv.

Woodruff, Blue Field 662 (bis) 231 iv.

Pink 662 230 iv.

Sweet 660 228 iv.

Wood-rush, Broad-leaved Hairy 1548 6 x.

Curved Alpine 1552 11 x.

Field 1551 9 x.

Great 1549 7 x.

Many-headed 1550 10 x.

Narrow-leaved Hairy 1547 5 x.

Spiked 1553 12 x.

WOOD'SIA

alpi'na, Newni 1863 99 xii.

Arvon'ica, Milde 1863 99 xii.

HYPERBO'REA, R.Broicn 1863 99 xii.

var. rufid'ula, Koch 1862 98 xii.

ILVEVSIS, R. Brown ... 1862 98 xii.

Raia'na, Newm 1862 98 xii.

rufid'ula, Beck 1862 98 xii.

Woodsia, Alpine 1863 99 xii.

Oblong 1862 9S xii.

Wormseed Mustard 10ii 149 i.

Wormwood, Common 731 62 v.

Sea, var. a 734 65 v.

var. /3 735 66 v.

Woundwort, Corn 1072 60 vii.

Downy 1068 57 vii.

Hedge 1070 & 1071 {of/} vii.

I'LATE PAGE VOL.

Woundwort, Hybrid 1070 58 vii.

Marsh 1069 57 vii.

Pale Annual 1073 61 vii.

Wurzellose Wasserlinse (Ger.) 25 ix.

219
214

40

143
145

ix.
is.

128

ii.

57

v.

59

v.

60

V.

58

V.

57

V.

181

vi.

182

vi.

85

xi.

4

iv.

XAN'THIUM

[spino'sum, Linn.'] (excluded) ...

STRUMA'RIUM, Linn. 860

XANTEOPHTHAL'MUM

seg'etum, C. H. Schultz ... 713

XIPH'ION

fcetidis'simum, Pari 1494

Pseuda'corus, Pari 1495

Yarr 253

Yarrow, Common 727

Serrated 729

Sneeze-wort 730

Tansy-leaved 728

Woolly Yellow 726

Yellow -rattle, Common 998

Larger 999

Yorkshire Fog 1744

Ysopbldttriger Weiderich (Ger.)

Zannichelle des marais (Fr.) 57 ix.

pe'doncule'e (Fr.) 57 ix.

ZANNICHEL'LIA

eu-palus'tris, Syme 1425 56 ix.

ma'jor, (?) Bonn 1425 56 ix.

jjalus'tris, Fries 1425 56 ix.

PALUS'TRIS, Linn. 1425, 1426 56 ix.

var. a, Bab 1425 56 ix.

pedicella'ta, Fries 1426 57 ix.

peduncula'ta, Reich 1426 57 ix.

Zarter Gauchheil (Ger.) 153 vii.

Zaun Rose (Ger.) 212 iii.

Wieke (Ger.) 92 iiL

Winde (Ger.) 87 vi.

Zerrissene Segge (Ger.) 94 x-

Zittergrasartige Segge (Ger.) 99 x.

Zitterlinse (Ger.) 84 iii.

Zitterpappel (Ger.) 197 viii-

ZOSTE'EA

angustifo'lia, Keich 1430 60 ix.

MARI'NA, Linn,... U29 & 1430 60 ix.

Reich H29 60 ix.

var. angustifolia,

Fries 1*30 60 ix.

mi'nor.Nolte 1431 61 ix.

NANA, Roth 1431 61 ix.

Zostere marine (Fr.) 61 1X

mineur (Fr.) 62 ix.

332

ENGLISH BOTANY.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Zotiges Habidhtskraut (Ger.) 184 v.

Zugespitzte Weide (Ger.) 205 viii.

Zuruckgehrummte FetChenne (Ger.) ... 57 iv.

Zusammengedriiekte Binse (Ger.) 38 x.

Simse (Ger.) 48 x.

Zusammengedriicktes Bisjiengras

(Ger.) 126 xi.

Zweiblattrige Kuckucksbhtme (Ger.) ... 106 ix.

Schattenblume (Ger.) ... 176 ix.

Ziceifarbige Weide (Ger.) 241 viii.

Zaeifdhafie Weide (Ger.) 246 viii.

Zweihausige Segge (Ger.) 79 x.

Ziceihdusiges Buhrkraut (Ger.) 79 v.

PLATE PAGE VOL.

Zweijahrige Grtmdfeste (Ger.) 162 v.

Naehtkerze (Get.) 24 iv.

Ziceiknotige Feldkresse (Ger.) 221 i.

Ziceinervige Segge (Ger.) 148 x.

Ziceizeilige Segge (Ger, .) 86 x.

Zioerg .Birfte (Ger.) 188 viii.

Holunder (Ger.) 201 iv.

Seegras (Ger.) 62 ix.

JFocWtoWer (Ger.) 276 viii.

Zirerglerkoje (Ger.) 151 i.

Zicergmaulbeer (Ger.) 158 iii.

Zwiebeliges Bispengras (Ger.) 114 xi.

Ztciebehcurzelige Hahnenfass (Ger.) ... 42 i.

FEINTED BY "WILLIAM CLOTVES AHB SONS, LIMITED. STAMFORD STREET
AND CHARING CROSS.

ENGLISH BOTANY.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

1825

E.B. 521

Pilularia globulifera.

1826

I

E.B. 1084

Isoetes eu-lacustris.

!;i\'\i

■

Isoetes eu-lacustris, var Morei

Isoetes Hvstrix.

1829

E.B. 1148

Selaginella selaginoides.

1830

E.B. 233

Lycopodium Selago.

1831

£.B. 239

Lycopodium inundatum.

1832

E.B. 1727

Lycopodiuia Annotinum.

1831

E.B. 224

Lycopodium clavatum.

1834

EB. 234

Lycopodiuni Alpinum.

1835

E.B. 108

Ophioglossum vulgatum.

1836

Q Q

SB F. 47

OpHoglossum Lusitanicum.

1837

E.B. 318

Botryehium Lunaria.

1838

E.B. 209

Osmunda regalis.

1839

E.B. 1417

Trichomanes radicans.

1340

E.B. 162

Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense.

1841

E.B.S. 2686

Hyraenophylltun imilaterale.

1842

E.B. 1149

Polypodium vulgare.

1843

S.B.F. 48

G-ymno gramma leptophylla .

1844

E.B. 1160

Cryptogramme erispa.

1845

E.B. 616

Phegopteris Bryopteris.

184^*

S.B.F. 4

Phegopteris Uoberiiana.

1847

v y>>??

E.B. 2224

Pkegopteris polvpodioides.

1848.

Lastrea thelypteris.

1849.

EB 1019

Lastrea orespteris.

1850.

"E.B. 1458

Lastrea filix-inas.

1851.

E.B.S. 2724

Lastrea rigida.

1852.

Lastrea remota.

1853.

E.B. 2125

Lastrea cristata.

1854.

Lastrea uiiginosa.

1855.

S.B.F. 12

Lastrea spinulosa.

1856.

Lastrea glandulosa.

1857.

S.B.F. 18

Lastrea dilatata.

1858.

Lastrea aemula.

1859.

E.B. 797

Polystichum lonchitis.

1860.

E.B. 1563

Polystichum lobatum.

1861.

B.B.S. 2776

Polystichum angulare.

1862.

a

E.B.S. 2616

Woodsia ilvensis.

1863

B.B. 2023

Woodsia hyperbore*.

1864.

B. 1587 Cystopteris eu-fragilis, var. genuina. Brittle Bladder-Fern, var. a.

1865.

B. S. 2790. Oystopteris eu-fragilis, var. dentata. Brittle Bladder-Fern, var.tf

1866.

E- B. 163. Cystopteris alpina, var. genuina. Alpine Bladder-Fern, var. a

1867.

S. B. F. 22. Cystopteris alpina, var. Dickiana. Alpine Bladder-Fern, var. /?.

1868.

/;

S. B. F. 24. Cystopteris montana. Mountain Bladder-Fern.

1869.

5. B. F. 25. Athyrium Filix-foemina. Common Lady-Fern.

1870.

8. B. F. 49.

Athyrium eu-alpestre. Alpine Lady-Fern.

1871.

' 'v^J

} A.O.

tMSEm

mm:

}:: tetter -

~^

J-':^

PM

/-.

V</

-^-^^3- ^

mi

- .-"^V*;

Athyrium alpestre, var. flexile. Dwarf Alpine Lady-Fern.

1872.

Asplenium fontanum. Smooth Rock Spleenwort.

1873.

tnfii

Asplenium lanceolatum. Lanceolate Spleenwort.

1874.

E. B. 1950. Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum. var. genuinura. Black Spleenwort.

1875.

Asplenium Adiautum-nigrum, var. acutum. Black spleenwort var. S

1876.

%

E. B. 392.

Asplenium marinum. Sea Spleen wort.

1877.

E. B. 2257.

Aspleniuro viride. Green Spleenwort.

1678.

E.B. 576.

Asplenium Trichomanes. Maidenhair Spleenwort.

1879.

Asplenium Clermontae. Lady Clermont's Spleenwort.

1880.

Asplenium Ruta-muraria. Wall-Rue.

1881.

S. B. 2258. Asplenium Germanicum. Alternate-leaved Spleenwort.

1882.

Asplenium septentrionale. Forked Spleenwort.

1883.

E.B. 1244.

Ceterach Officmarum. Scaly Spleen wort.

1384

E.B. 1150.

Scolopendriura valgare. Hart's-tongue.

1SS5.

Lomaria Spicant. Hard Fern.

1886.

E.B. 1679.

Pteris aquilina. Bracken.

1887.

E.B. 1564.

Adiantum Capillus -Veneris. Maiden hair.

1888

E.B. 2022.

Equisetum maximum.

1889

E.B. 2020.

Equisetum arvense.

1890

E.B.S. 2777.

Equisetum prateuse.

1891

Equisetura sylvaticum

1892

W # /J

n

n a

/

I I

"v^i^-

Equisetum palustre.

1893

E.B. 929.

Equisetum lhnosum.

1894

Equisetum eu-hyernale.

1895.

S.B.FA 12.

Equisetum Moorei.

1896.

S.B.F.A9.

Iquisetum trachyodou.

1897

3.B.F.A. 10.

Equisetum variegatum var. Wilsoni.

1898.

Equisetum variegatuin var. Wilsoni.

1899.

Nitella Flexilis.

1900

S.B.F.A. 22.

Nitella sjiicarpa var. opaca.

1901

E.B. 1855.

Nitella translucens.

1902.

Nitella mucronata.

1903

E.B. 2140.

Nitella gracilis.

1904

*&

Nitella tenuissima.

1905.

Nitella glomerata var. a genuina.

1906

E.B. 1703.

Nitella eloraerata var. Smithii

1907.

\

Nitella intricata.

1908

Nitella iutricata var. prolifera.

1909.

Chara alopecuroidea. Foxtail chara.

1910.

Chara stelligera. Starbearing chara.

1911.

Chara Braunii. Braun's chara.

1912.

Chara crinita. Bearded cbara.

1913.

) i

•

Chara tomentosa. Tomentose chara.

1914.

\

i

E. B. 336.

Chara foetida, var. a . genuina. Fetid chara.

1915.

Chara foetida, var./S . contraria. Fetid chara.

1916.

E. B. 463.

:hara hispida, var.a.genuina. Bristly chara

1917.

Chara hispida, var./3 . Baltica. Bristly chara. Baltic, var.

1918.

Ch'ara hispida, var.y pseudo-crinita. Bristly chara, var.y.

1919.

E. B. S. 2738.

Chara aspera. Rough chara.

1920.

Chara fragilis, var. genuina. Fragile chara.

1921.

Chara fragilis, var.0 . connivens. Fragile chara, var./3.

1922.

Chara fragifera. Strawberry chara.

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