Annual Report of the Commissioners of Emigration of the State of New York, for the Year Ending ...

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64

STATISTICAL REPORT OF THE SURGICAL DEPARTMENT,

FOB THE TEAB ENBINO DBCBMBEB 81, 1869.

{temaining in Hospital December 31st, 1868 231

Admitted since 1,949

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards 180

2,360-

Discharged daring the year 1,987

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards 108

Died 30 2,125

Remaining December 31, 1869 235

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 1^

« *' Discharged 1.50

Genebal Subgebt.

R^^maining in Hospital December Slst, 1868. 119

Admitted since 921

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards 64

1,104

Discharged daring the year 917

Discharged by transfer to Medicfd Wards 47

Died 14 978

Remaining December 31, 1869 126

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 1.26

" ** Discharged 1.45

Ophthalmic.

Remaining in Hospital December 31st, 1868. 48

Admitted since 475

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards 40

»

563

Discharged daring the year 470

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards • 32

Died 11 513

Remaining December 31, 1869 50

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 1.95

« •' Discharged 2,19

65

Syphilitic.

Remaming in Hospital December Slat, 1868 64

Admitted since 553

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards ^ 76

693

Discharged during the year 600

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards 29

Died 5 634

Remaining December, 1869 59

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 72

** " Discharged 79

J. M. CARNOCHAN,

Sargeon^n- (Mef.
Jannary, 1870.

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ANNUAL REPORT

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A]Sr:N'UAL REPORT

OF THE

Commissioners of Emigration

OF THE

STATE OF NEW YORK,

FOB

THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1869,

DOUGLAS TATLOR, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER, 89 NASSAU STREET.

1870.

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ITHE HEW YORK'

PUBLICLIBRAR^

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REPORT

TO THE

Legislature of the State of Kew York.

27ie Commiaaionera of Emigration respectfylly present their
ANNUAL BEPOJRT for the Tear ending ZUt Decem-
ber, 1869.

During the year 1869, the twenty-third of the operation of this
Commission, a greater nmnber of alien emigi*ants were landed at the
port of New York than arrived in any year since 1854, the year of the
largest immigration, or, excepting the four years 1851 to 1854
inclusive, a greater number than arrived in any year since 1847.

The total number of passengers landed at this port during the year Numbw of Emi-
1869 was 307,454, of whom 48,465 were citizens or persons not subject
to bonds or commutation, while 258,989 were aliens, for whom com-
mutation was paid or bonds were executed.

Thus, the alien emigration of the past year was 45,303 in excess o^^re^Syear?
that of 1868, and 75,399 greater than the average of former years.

In regard to the nationality of these arrivals, Germany, Ireland and ^^^g^®' ^^'
England continue to show the same pre-eminence, and in the same
relative order, that they have held since 1865, the first named having
« sent, of the total number landed during 1869, 99,605, the second

J

66,204, and the third 41,090, while all other countries contributed
52,090. Thus, of the increase over the immigi^ation of 1868, 27,644
goes to the account of the three countries named, and 17,659 is due to
the miscellaneous emigration. It is worthy of remai'k also that while
the German emigration shows a slight falling off, the Irish and English
emigration have increased, the former nearly fifty, the latter more than
thuty-three per cent, since 1868, while the emigration from Sweden,
which up to that year hardly averaged 1200 per annum, still show
the same rapid growth noticed in the last Report, amounting now to
23,453, nearly 10,000 more than in 1868, and neai-ly 20,000 more than
in 1867.

Health of Emi- From the Medical statistics of the Hospitals on Ward's Island, pub-
grants. ,, ...

lished in the Appendix, it will be seen that the same gratifying im-
provement in the health and condition of arriving emigrants, men-
tioned in our last Report, has been shown in even a more notable
degree dming the past year. Although the immigration, has been
in excess of previous years, the number of inmates on Ward's Island
was not so great as during 1868.

To the general amelioration, however, in the treatment of emigrants
on shipboard there was one marked exception.

ctpi of the James The ship Jumes Foster J tTr,, left Liverpool with 146 steerage pas-
sengers on Dec. 19th, 1868, and arrived at Quarantine, March 8th,
1869. Duiing the voyage, which was unusually long and rough, four
of the passengers and twelve of the crew died of ship fever, and of the
remainder, those not actually sick on arrival were found to be in a
pitiable state of prostration. Their complaints of ill-usage on board
were so numerous and consistent as to call for a public investiga-
tion. This Commission, therefore, by virtue of the power vested in
them by the Act refen^ed to in the last report, " for the more effectual
protection of emigi'ants an-iving at the port of New York," and the
necessity for which was thus early proved, appointed a Committee of
Inquiry, consisting of Commissioners O'Gorman, McEh'oy and Kapp,

Report of Com- who examined twelve of the passengers, under oath. The testimony

niifWionerB i i • i n n -i f •, i n^^ i 11 J»

M^r?*Sid ^^^® taken, and which, as afterwards published, filled a pamphlet oi

Kapp. 226 pages, reveals, as the Committee state in then- report (to be found

in the Appendix), a "scene of disorder, violence and barbarity,

believed to be, of late years, without parallel." Insufiicient and im

proper food, defective accommodations, an incompetent crew, and

• • •

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negligent and brutal officers, conspired to make the sufferings of the
unhappy passengers severe in the extreme. The carpenter, to whom
almost despotic authority seems to have been given, signalized himself
by his inhumanity, several of the crew and passengers dying fi-om his
ill-treatment The first and third mates, and the boatswain likewise,
acted with great cruelty, and " the captain," says the report, " refused

to listen to any complaint, and treated remonstrance with insult."

•

It is gratifying to be able to record that these outrages were duly conviction and

o J o & J gentence of offi-

punished. The carpenter, boatswain, and third mate were tried in the <«" of ship.
United States District Court of the Eastern District of the State of
New York, convicted, and on the 25th of June, 1869; sentenced to be
imprisoned for fifteen, seven and five years, respectively. These terms
they are now serving in the Kings County Penitentiaiy. The captain
and first mate died on shore, soon after the ship's arrival, of the same
fever which carried off so many of the passengers, and which the
report attributes " probably to their own incapacity, neglect, or mis-
conduct."

Some idea may be had of the state of things on board the vessel
during the voyage, fi'om the fact that of the 133 passengers who were
landed, 102 were sent to the Hospitals at Ward's Island, 59 of these
being fever cases direct from the ship. The salutary example made
of the offenders in this case will, it is hoped, be effectual to prevent
such practices in the future, and the Commissioners are glad to report
that this is the only instance in which they have been obliged to have
recourse to the provisions of the Act of 1868.

Yet entire security for the emigrant passengers can only be attained international

•^ ^ *• . ^ , *' Convention for

through the medium of such an International Convention as that pro- JJ EmigrSSi"
posed by the Government of the North German Union, and refen-ed
to in om* last Report. The power of the Commissioners, under the
Act of 1868, is limited to taking and perpetuating testimony, and the
emigrant's remedy is still left to the protracted process of an Admiralty
Court. Besides, since emigration is now all in one direction, it is chiefly
at the port which he leaves, not at that where he lands, that those pre-
cautions must be taken, and those measures enforced, which shall en-
sure his health and comfort, if not his safety during the voyage — the
inspection of food and water, of the vessel, its crew and officers, its
carrying capacity, its internal accommodations, etc.

6

Ameb^nti^to^ The pfOposed Convention aims to secure those advantages, by con-
certed and intelligent action between emigrant and immigrant coun-
tries. It is yet under consideration by the State Department of the
Federal Government at Washington, and still further amendments,
in addition to those referred to in our last Report, have been made in
the origiaal Draft.

Emigrant Courts. The most important of these, besides its adaptation to all other emi-
grant countries who may desire to enter into it, is an ai'ticle providing
for the establishment of "Emigrant Courts" in the chief ports of the
contracting parties. These Com*ts are to have jurisdiction of all infi-ac-
tions of the Convention, committed either upon the high seas or in the
ports, roads, and hai'bors of either of the contracting parties, and in all
cases where judgment shall be for two thousand dollars or upwards, it
shall be subject to appeal to the Court of last resort in the country where
it was rendered.

Report of Com- At the rcqucst of the Honorable Secretary of State, who has taken
^do^mmlSF the greatest interest in the matter, the Commissioners appointed a
Committee, consisting of Messrs. Kapp and O'Gorman, to embody and
repOTt to the State Department such emendations and improvements
as the experience of the Commission suggested. These suggestions,
to be found in the appendix, have been partially embodied in the
amended draft. With regard to the necessity or practicability of the
system of Emigi-ant Courts outlined above, the Commissioners ai'e
divided. Many difficulties present themselves on this important mat-
ter, which will requii-e cautious forethought, and precise legislation.
It is hoped, however, that these will be finally removed, and the
Convention shortly approved by Congress and adopted by the various
countries which it concerns.

Thankito Secre- In this connection, the Commissioners desire to record their acknow-
ledgments to Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, for the zeal and
attention he has devoted to this subject throughout. A resolution
offered by Commissioner Kapp, and unanimously adopted, at the
regular meeting of the Board, held April 15th, 1869, shows that this
interest was not entirely unexpected :

Hesohed, — ^That the Commissioners of Emigration have hailed with hearty sym-
pathy the efforts made by the North German Government, for the conclusion of a
treaty with our Government for the better protection of emigrants on their voyage
to the United States ; that they regret that their efforts have thus far not been
crowned with success ; while they trust that the new Secretary of State, Hon. Ham-

taiyFlBh.

ilton Fish, to whose indefatigable exertions, while in the Senate of the United States,
we are indebted for the law of March 3, 1855, will take np the matter at once, and
bring it to a final settlement

The oonfidenoe here expressed is shown not to have been misplaced ;
and if the Convention at last goes into effect, the Commissioners feel
assured it will be largely owing to Mr. Fish's earnest co-operation.

During the year, an Act was passed by the Legislature, amending Legtoutive
the several Acts relative to the powers and duties of the Commission-
ers of Emigration, which will be found in the appendix. It removes
the limitation affixed to the increase of head-money, and vests the
Commissioners with the powers possessed by the Governors of the Alms
House, in regard to administering oaths of office to employees, to
binding out children, and enforcing discipline in the institutions under
their charge. The power to administer oaths granted to the Commis-
sioners, under any law of this State, is likewise extended to their Gen-
eral Agent. This last provision had in view the Act of 1868 for the
more effectual protection of emigrant passengers, and is an important
and useftd amendment It would be advisable, also, in the opinion of
this Board, to gi'ant to the General Agent a similar authority in emi-
grant bastardy cases to that already vested in the Commissioners.
The local Courts having jurisdiction in these matters have recently
decided that the officer signing the customary application to one
of the Police Justices to hear the mother s complaint, must have
knowledge of the circumstances from personal investigation. This
duty, it will be seen, comes within the province of the executive offi-
cer, while it is no part of the service originally contemplated to be
performed by the Commissioners. In bastardy cases, the promptest
action is often necessary to secui-e legal redress ; and this ruling, if
allowed to prevail, will tend, it is submitted, to defeat the ends of
justice.

The attention of the Legislatm-e is likewise respectfully called to ^g^JJ^^^J
a Statutory defect, by which steamboat and railroad corporations con- ^^•
veying to their destination, at this port, emigrants arriving at another
port, are permitted to land them here without payment of head-money
or any of the safeguards which Castle Garden affords. To this class
of emigrants the Commissionera can render no assistance, since they
are prohibited from aiding or supporting from the Commutation Fund
any who have not contributed to it. Emigrants intending to land at

8

New York are often carried to other ports without their knowledge or
wish, and thence conveyed hither by inland transportation, find them-
selves deprived of all the benefits which this Commission was designed
to fiimish.

'^SSn by c^- ^^ Commissioners have now in course of publication a very full
miMionerK»pp. ^j^^ interesting history of immigration to the Port of New York, fi-om
the early colonial times to the present, embracing a history of this
Commission. This important work was prepared by Commissioner
Kapp, with great reseai'ch and industry, and by him presented to the
Commission. In acknowledgment of this service the following resolu-
tions were adopted at a meeting of the Board held January 7, 1870:

Whereas, Mr. Frederick Kapp, a member of this Commission, volnntarily and
grataitonsly tendered to this Board the MS. copy of a History of Immigration to New
York, from its earliest period to the present time, embracing, also, a history of this
Commission, therefore be it

Resolved, — ^That the offer of Mr. Kapp be gratef ally accepted, and the thanks of
this Board be tendered to him for the learning and research bestowed on this import-
ant and interesting work.

Besolved, — ^That the work be printed for drcnlation, and that the whole matter be
referred to the President and General Agent, with power, and Mr. Kapp be invited to
assist in preparing it for publication.

This work, which will be not only extremely usefol as a book of
reference but a valuable adjunct to the Annual Reports of the Com-
mission, will be printed for gratuitous circulation.

standing Com- The Operations of the Board are apportioned among the following
Standing Committees, appointed annually by the President:

1. The Ward's Island Committee, consisting of 6 members.

2.

Castle Garden **

6 **

a

Railroad Agency **

8 **

4.

Tiabor Exchange *'

5 *'

5.

Agencies & Counties ''

«

6

6.

Auditing ^'

3 "

7.

Finance "

3

a

Purchasing "

2

s^ai Commit- lu addition to these. Special Committees are occasionally appointed
when the duties of the Commissioners render such a course necessary.

tees.

jtepOTtBof offi- The various reports of the officers of the Commission will be found
in the Appendix.

cen.

9

A synopsis of the statistics of the respective Departments presents statistical som-

the following results:

Number in State Emigrant Refuge and Hospital, Ward's Idandy

January 1, 1869 3,001

" admitted ddring the year 11,471

" bomthere " " 439

Total namber cared for and treated 13,911

Number of lunatic emigrants in State Asylum, Ward's

Island, January 1, 1869 Ill

** admitted during the year 182

** from Medical Wards 29

322

Of which there left the Asylum:

Number discharged cured or improved. 116

*^ transferred to Blackwell's Island, their term of

five years having expired 21

" transferred to Medical Wards of Institution in an

improved condition 31

« died 16

" eloped 2

186

" remaining in Asylum December 31, 1869 , . . 136

Number of cases of small-pox supported and paid for by this Com-
mission, admitted to Small-pox Hospital, Blackwell's
Island, during the year 1869 381

Number discharged cured 315

" died 19

Total number discharged. . . 334

Number remaining January 1, 1870 47

Number of emigrants, chargeable to this Commission, admitted

to the New York Lunatic Asylum 24

Number of emigrants under arrest and commitment, and committed
to the City Prison and the Work House and Peniten-
tiary, Blackwell's Island, under the Act of April 13,
1855, and for whose board bills have been presented by
the Commissioners of Charities and Correction, and

paid by this Commission during the year 1869 1,268

Number of sick sent from Office to St. Vincent's Hospital during

the year 1869 1

'' of sick emigrants chargeable to this Commission admitted

to Bellevue Hospital 49

Total cases sent to above Hospitals 74

Number of persons sent back to Europe at their own request 237

'^ of do. and at expense of consignees of vessels 179

Total number forwarded to Europe 416

2

maiy.

10

Nmnber of persons forwarded to various places inland from Castle

Garden at expense of this Commission 77

*' forwarded to yarioas places inland by agent at Buffalo.. 261

" " by agent at Albany 107

" " ** at Suspension Bridge 35

'* ** " atRochester 21

Total number forwarded inland and to Canada

by this Commission 501

Number temporarily supplied with board and lodging in the city.. 1,103

" temporarily supplied with food in Castle Garden. 13,799

** temporarily supplied with board and lodging by agent at

Buffaio 1,696

** do. by agent at Albany 1,031

" do. ** Dunkirk 281

** do. *' Suspension Bridge. 213

** do. " Rochester 165

Total number so relieved 18,288

Number of emigrants in the city buried by the Commissioners of
Public Charities and Correction, and paid for by this

Commission 63

Number of emigrants buried at Quarantine, under directions of the

Health Officer, at the expense of this Commission ... 15
Number of males provided with situations at the Labor Ex-
change, Castle Garden 22,844

" of females 12,111

" of both sexes provided with situations by agent at

Buffalo 669

*• do by agent at Albany 669

Total number provided with employment 36,293

Whole number relieved and forwarded in and from the several

counties of the State chargeable to this Commission. . . 1,977
Grand total of destitute alien emigrants landed
at the port of New York during the past five
years who were relieved, forwarded, and pro-
vided with employment, &c., by this Commis-
sion, in the State and City of New York, dur-
ing the year 1869 73,187

Number of days spent in State Emigrant Hospital, Ward's Island... 254,271
* * of days spent in State Emigrant Refuge, Ward's Island . . . 288, 777

Total number of days in both 543,048

Amount of money received in reply to letters from the Emigrant
Landing Depot for recently arrived emigrants and

applied to their forwarding

*^ of moneys received at Emigrant Landing Depot in antici-
pation of arrival of emigrants

$41,615 56
50,549 49

I

11

Amonnt of moneys reoeived at office for and applied to the aid
and forwarding of emigrants chargeable to this
Commission 188 00

^* of moneys received at office of the Irish Emigrant
Society from friends of recently arrived emigrants,
and applied to the forwarding of snch emigrants
chargeable to this Commission 28,822 55

" of moneys received at office of German Society from
friends of recently arrived emigrants, and applied to
the forwarding of such emigrants, chargeable to this
Conmiission 17,863 63

'* of moneys received at office of agent at Albany for and

applied to the same purpose 468 50

I. -^WARD'S ISLAND.

Including the plot of eleven acres, purchased from the trustees of Land held by the
St. Luke's Hospital in 1868, as mentioned in our last report, the Com- ™™
mission now holds in fee more than one half of the Island, about one
hundred and twenty-oijie acres, with appurtenant water rights and
marsh, and the whole of the water front towards New York City.
For a population ranging from 1,200 to over 3,000, and considering the
probable futm^e necessities of the Commission, this extent of ground
is not more than is needed for the accommodation, comfort and exercise
of the inmates, and the proper distancing and isolation of the Hospitals
and other buildings.

This property has, in the past few years, been greatly improved, improvements.
The Ward's Island Committee have made frequent visits of inspection
to the Island, and all improvements have been made under their
supei-vision and by their du-ection.

By the extension of the stone sea wall, southward from the dock,
the lawn in front of the Nursery Building has been enlarged, and the
draining of other tracts has incrieased the extent of ground available
for cultivation. In addition to this, other economical improvements
have been made, such as the relaying of the Reservoir, and the
strengthening of the Dock, which will add to the comfort and utility
of the establishment.

12

BnJldlnn on

WardTB Island.

The Buildings, likewise, have been renovated and added to, as neces-
sity required. They consist of the Hospital proper, reserved exclu-
sively for non-conta^ous diseases, and surgical cases, the Fever
Hospitals, situated near the water and isolated from the other wards,
the Lunatic Asylum, Dispensary, Refuge, Barracks, Nursery, Surgical
wards. Residences for officers. Stables, Workshops, Ac, of which a
full description will be found in the Report of the Superintendent.

^*worShopa. "^^ ^®^ buildiugs, also, as will be seen by the Superintendent's
Report, have been erected during the past year ; one, a Stable large
enough to acconmiodate all the live stock required for the uses of the
Institution ; the other, a building, or rather a series of buildings, for
the Workshops of the employees, both constructed thoroughly and
substantially of brick. They are located towards the rear of the
grounds, at a convenient distance from the Hospitals and other build-
ings, and though simple and unpretentious in design add much to the
appearance of the Establishment. The workshops ftilfill a need long
felt of separating the various branches of mechanical labor demanded
for the purposes of this Department.

B^^sandPa. The building known as the Barracks and the separate Pavilion
buildings appropriated for Fever patients, have been put in complete
order. The roofs have been repaired, lightning-rods set on all buildings
not heretofore so protected, and a new fence, about 1,200 feet in length,
erected on the rear of the premises.

MisceHaneouB.

Branch Labor
Exchange.

Other necessary repairs have been made ; many of the buildings
have been overhauled, the plumbing arrangements perfected, water-
closets rebuilt, old and decaying wooden buildings pulled down, the
grounds graded, rock removed from the fields, &c. " The changes
and improvements made upon the Island," says Superintendent Welles,
"show a marked and beneficial result in the general health of our
inmates."

The difficulty and trouble, owing to defective communication, ex-
perienced by residents of the upper part of the city, in availing them-
selves of the benefits of the Castle Garden Labor Exchange, induced the
Commissioners to try the experiment of establishing a branch Labor
Exchange at Ward's Island, with an employment office on the main land.
For some time they were unable to carry this into effect, from lack of
a suitable building in the vicinity of the Ferry. Dming the year.

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13

however, the Ferry House at the foot of 110th street, which had been
previously occupied as a residence, was secured by lease, to the use of
the Commission, and having been repainted and provided with a new
landing, was fitted up and converted to this purpose. The branch
Labor Exchange is now in satisfactory working order, and will, it is
thought, become in time a valuable adjunct to the main bureau at
Castle Garden. The convenience to employers from Westchester
County, and the upper part of the city, is not its only benefit, since it
saves the trouble and expense of removing to Castle Garden, emi-
grants discharged from Ward*s Island and desuing employment

The new Insane Asylum, for the erection of which, as stated in the Lunatic Asylum,
last Report, an appropriation of $100,000 was made, has not yet
been commenced as the Commissioners had hoped. The experience
of the year and the constant increase in the number of patients (there
being 319 in 1869 to 294 in 1868 and 255 in 1867), proved that to
meet the ftiture wants of the Institution a much larger building would
be required, and consequently, a greater outlay necessitated than was
at first supposed. An additional appropriation was therefore made of
$150,000, making the entire amount $250,000, and plans were again
advertised for, to be presented up to the 15 th of December, for a build-
ing to accommodate 250 patients. Plans were received from three
architects, but the time being thought insufficient, it was extended
to the 15th of February. By that date the Commissioners tnist
they will have been able to select a suitable plan and commence
operations.

The general health of the inmates has been better than for some years, Health of in-
a result largely due to the untiring zeal and efficiency of the Medical
and Surgical Staff. Something of this gratifying improvement is also
attributable to the amelioration in the condition of emigrant passen-
gers on shipboard.

Moreover, as mentioned in previous reports, the buildings and
grounds have long been supplied with Croton water, brought by a
pipe under the waters of the Harlem River, and caiTied up to a large
embanked reservoir, which is kept filled. This, besides furnishing
without any labor of attendants or nurses, an ample and constant
supply of the best water, affords cheap and abundant ice equal to
the most liberal use of the Institution. Its capacity and value were
tested during the past year, when, for a period of two weeks, the

14

Croton -pipes were obstructed under the bed of the river, and the res-
ervoir became the sole dependence of the Island. It supplied all the
water required until the obstructions were removed.

Laborofinmates. As in previous years, the labor of the inmates has been employed
in the cultivation of land and in the general work of the Island, except
repairs to buildings. The value of this labor, however, is limited, as
during the winter months it cannot be used to much advantage, and
in the summer, the number of able-bodied inmates is usually small

The produce of the faim during the past year is estimated at $10,634.

statistical Sum- The following summary gives the aggregate results of the whole of
these establishments, including the hospitals proper, as well as the
Refuge department :

Number of inmates in Institution on January Ist, 1869 2,001

" admitted during the year 11,471

" of births '' '' 439

Total number cared for and treated 13,911

Number discharged during the year 11,356

'' of deaths " '' 596

Total number 11,952

m

Number remaining on the 31st December, 1869 1,959

" of. days spent in Hospital 254,271

'' " ** Refuge 288,777

Total number of days 543,048

This table shows a decrease in the total number of inmates of 339
from the year 1868, but a larger number than during any previous
year since 1854. The total weekly average was 1384, being 305 less
than that of 1868.

The Superintendent notices in his report, an evil which this Commis-
sion is powerless to avert without Legislative aid. Two classes of
persons ai*e in the habit of benefiting by the Institutions on Ward's
Island, who seem scarcely entitled to its advantages ; the idle and dis-
solute on the one hand, who having spent the summer in riotous
living, seek a refuge for the winter, and on the other, the over-
thrifty who deposit then* earnings in the Savings Bank, and then
apply to the Commission for gi-atuitous board and lodging dm'ing a
period of voluntary idleness. Under the present constitution of the
Boai'd, these appUcations cannot be rejected, and the fund which is

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witiiont Lc'u'islativc aid. T'ao ('laNSo> <
* b -pvi'n'K^ hy ;^ e Inslit iiiions on V. ar.!'.^
• tltilto it.- adv.-'i't . . ,; tlic uWv and di>
••> h.-uinu: s' ■♦." i!io sunmier in riot<ai>-
j'.v wint : u'i on tKt < thor, (ho o\oi
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.'tiiiton'< )r>:ir'd aiul loduiiiir dnrinir a
rndor tl'.o piv^^ut conbUtiitiini <)t' the
!!ot 1»e rej'-t.'t^'d, and tlui tu'id which i^-

THE NEW \^Onil

ASTOR, LENOX AND

15

accumulated for the relief of the deservmg emigrant is thus lessened
for the support of the worthless.

The general care of the State Hospital and Refuge on Ward's Island ^f^rMiand.
is entnisted to a Standing Committee of six members of the Board,
appointed annually by the President. Under this committee the
chai-ge of the various departments devolves upon the Superintendent,
who resides on the Island, and has the active control of all business.
Leonard R. Welles, the present Superintendent, was appointed to the
position in May, 1868, and from his previous connection with the In-
stitution as Deputy Superintendent under General Amos Pilsbury, from
the able manner in which he had always discharged the duties of that
office, and from his long experience and intimate knowledge of the
working of the establishment, the Commission considered that they
could not select any one equally well qualified to fill the post. Since
that time their anticipations have been fully realized, and the highest
praise is due that officer for his untiring care and skillful management,
as well as for his regard to the interests of the Commission.

The hospitals are divided into a medical and surgical depailment. ^^JJ| oepart-
Thc medical department proper, including the Asylum for the Insane,
is under the charge of George Ford, M.D., who had many years' prac-
tical experience on a large scale, in various medical positions in the
hospitals of this Commission, during periods when the wards were
filled with the gi'eatest number of patients, and his services during
the past year have been rendered with fidelity and success. He resides
on the Island, and devotes himself exclusively to the semce of the In-
stitution, as does also his able assistant. Dr. Augustus T. Reimer. Dr.
Dwyer, the present assistant in the surgical department, also rendered
valuable assistance on the medical side during the early part of the year.

The surgical department continues under the care of J. Murray Surgical Depart-
Camochan, M.D., who has had the sole charge of it as surgeon-in-
chief since 1855, and whose professional eminence and reputation are
widely known. He visits the surgical wards as often as the surgical
service may require, and performs all important operations. He has
also one assistant surgeon resident on the Island, a position now ably
filled by John Dwyer, M. D. Additional assistant surgeons ai'e
appointed whenever the sm^gical cases demand more aid, either from
their number or the serious character of the operations to be performed.

16

o^oMng Phy- Five yeard ago the Commission added a consalting physician to
the medical body on Ward's Island, whose duty it was to visit and
inspect the medical wards and advise with the physician-in-chief. Dr.
Ernest Schilling has held the position since the death of Dr. Cox, who
was fii'St appointed, and has justified the high expectations based
on his well-known skill and learning. Dr. Schilling's connection
with the Commission dates from 1850, when he was one of the
Board of Visiting Physicians to Ward's Island, and then as now dis-
tinguished by the efficiency with which he discharged the duties of
his important office. The Medical Board, firtit formed during the life-
time of Dr. Cox, still meets for consultation on the state of the hos-
pitals, and as occasion may require, recommends to the Gonunissioners
any improvements that may seem desirable. The Board at present
consists of Dr. Camochan, Dr. Ford, and Dr. Schilling.

RguitainMe^ai As in 1868, the Island was last year free from any epidemic, indeed,
says Dr. Ford, "unusually healthy." There were, of course, the ordi-
nary diseases, but not of a severe or aggravated type. Of Typhus or
Typhoid 886 cases were treated, including 190 cases contracted after
admission, showing a marked diminution in this class of diseases from
last year. Of these 78 died, making a mortality per centage of 8.83.
The rate of mortality in the medical department generally, was 6.98,
being .27 less than last year.

Smaii-pox. In all cases where small-pox breaks out among the passengers of

vessels coming to this port, the health officer is cai'efiil to have vac-
cinated, before going on shore, all persons apparently not infected,
whilst all others are immediately taken to the Small-pox Hospital,
erected by the City of New York, some years ago, at the southern
extremity of Blackwell's Island, where the insulation is complete.

All emigrants attacked by small-pox, chargeable to this Commis-
sion, are supported there, and the cost of maintenance repaid, accord-
ing to law, to the Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction
from the Commutation Fund.

Notwithstanding the utmost precaution, small-pox sometimes ap-
pears among patients admitted with other maladies, and such cases
are immediately removed, and the disease arrested.

These prompt measures have proved effective, for, although the
number of cases sent to Blackwell's Island is nearly treble that of
last year, the munber of deaths has decreased by two per cent

17

The Asylum for the Insane is under the direction of the physician- Lunatic A^inm.
in-chief, and regularly attended by him and his assistant, Dr. Reimer.
There were 171 females, 151 males, in all 322 under treatment during
the year, of whom 116 were discharged cured or improved; 21 whose
terms had exph-ed were transferred to Blackwell's Island, 31 to other
wards for other maladies, and 16 died; leaving 136 at the end of the
year, of whom 80 were females and 56 males. This is an excess over
last yeai' of 25 in the entire number treated, and of 25 in the number
remaining at the end of the year, " demonstrating," in the language
of the Chief Physician's Report, "that the necessity for larger accom-
modation, which was then urgent, is still increasing."

In the Refuge or Dispensary department of the Institution, which Refuge,
is visited and inspected every day by the physician-in-chief, or an as-
sistant, there were 2,455 cases treated, and 960 persons vaccinated.

On all cases under treatment in the Hospital and Rei^ge, the per
centage of mortality was 5.19, being .91 less than last year.

The Surgical department, though free as in former years from Hos- Results in surgi.
pital Gangi'ene, encountered one epidemic of Purulent Ophthalmia,
which was, however, speedily checked.

Many interesting cases of accident and bad compound fracture were
treated during the year with successful conservative results, amputa-
tion being rendered necessary in only a single instance, by the super-
vention of Gangrene and Hemorrhage. In the 2360 cases treated,
being 23 less than in 1868, there were 30 deaths, a mortality per cent-
age of only 1.27. The number of surgical cases was 1,104, and the
deaths 14, showing a mortality of 1.26 per cent. " This fact," says Dr.
Camochan, " speaks very creditably for the sanitary condition of the
Surgical Department, and goes far to prove the advantages the Ward's
Island Hospitals possess in having, combined with all the improve-
ments of the Yerplanck Hospital, the natm*al and desirable adjuncts of
space, pure air, and garden lands, for the convalescent to recuperate in."

It testifies, also, the Commissioners desire to add, to the abilities of
the eminent Surgeon in whose charge the department has remained
for fifteen years. Duiing that period the mortality in surgical cases
has averaged less than two per cent, of the whole number treated,
and not a single casualty has occurred from the use of anoBsthesia.

18

In both the Medical and Surgical departments, it thus appears, the
results continue to be satisfactory, and are not surpassed in the rec-
ords of any similar establishment, American or European.

^BuiS.*'^^' ^^ "^^ following summary gives the aggregate results of the practice,
both medical and surgical, during 1869. The details, as to the nature
of diseases and other matters, will be found in the medical and surgi-
cal reports appended to this Report :

Cared for in Hospital daring 1869 (including 779 remaining on Ist January,

1869), together with 439 births 8,056

Number discharged cured or relieved 6,718

died 562

" remaining on Slst December, 1869 776

These numbers include only those cases which required regular hos-
pital treatment ; chronic cases, or such as necessitated only occasional
attention, having been classed under the Refuge depaitment.

The whole number of cases treated is often reported as more than
the aggregate number in the Refuge and Hospitals dming the year.
The explanation is th^ ; a number of the cases are nursing women
and children, who remain throughout the year, or most of it, in the
Rei^ge, and repeatedly come under medical treatment, thus swelling
the aggregate number.

Schools. The school for children, under the charge of the Commission, is

now kept up as a ward school of the city, the Commissioners provid-
ing an apartment, and paying for certain expenses.

Time has proved its useftilness and established its success, and the
improvement resulting from -it to the Island children has been marked
and gi'atifying.

The Sunday Schools for the religious instruction of the Roman
Catholic and Protestant children, previously organized under the
dil-ection of the Ward's Island Committee, have profited by the cai*e
and attention of the two matrons in whose chai'ge they were put at
theu' own request, and who have been aided by volunteer assistants
from the officers of the Island. These schools, also, are flemishing
and have been the means of much good.

All the Schools are regularly visited by Superintendent Welles, to
examine the pupils and observe their progress, and to his watchful
interest much of their efficiency is due.

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■i.'-lri t'"* iiL^illi.'^* 'i'l'Ml til (.'l.t.

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'i nui.x'n'" «>t S M oa.'^i's art' i.- i *ti^- .. ' jh*
•ij 'I 5o*._fli All I.'' M-r.r, <'V }\\'»K "♦' it, lu li

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. . • :i.'«l <'«(rJi'"sii{ '! i.^ <a^'' • '-^. .:ii'". .J. •

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■ • M, ]»riviw'i''iv or :;iiiizc'(l un<}or \u

•^ ii; Avlio^t- ''IiMT'^x' tli . \\rr''j>iit •.;
v'e b«Tn aJ<lo«i by v()'u..;«'r.i .•is.^i>t..i.*

* • 'A) <jj ;'h1.

•. '• vlsjiied by Suj.'.-vin*. nrk 'it AVi'i]'?. t.
•!\'? thirir ]»'OL*T' ^s :!'« lo b-.s \»iiii-h '■''

THENlV.V vork.

PDBL!CLi::' \RY

ASTOR, LENOX AND
TiLDEN FOUNDATIONS.

19

Chaplains of different churches, appointed by the Commissioners, chaplains,
on the recommendation of the proper ecclesiastical authorities of their
several denominations, perform divine services regularly, and render
other ministerial duties to the sick and dying.

The Reading Room for the emigrant inmates, established in 1867, Riding Room,
is much frequented and continues to afford entertainment and instruc-
tion to those who use it. It is plainly but neatly fitted up, and pro-
vided with maps, gazetteers and books in various languages, and with
American, English and Continental newspapers and periodicals.

The customary annual visits to Ward's Island of the Irish Emi- vidtaofinspec-
grant and German Societies were made, the former during the summer,
the latter late in the fall. On both these occasions the Hospitals and
other buildings were carefully inspected, and then* condition and man-
agement found highly satisfactory by the members of the Societies.

Many other distinguished gentlemen likewise inspected the Island
establishments during the year, and honored the Commissioners by the
expression of their approval. Among these were His Excellency John
T. Hoffman, Governor of the State of New York; Hon. Eugene
Casserly, U. S. Senator, fi'om California; Dr. Francis Lieber; Mr.
George B. Lincoln, President of the Board of Health ; Dr. Swinburne,
the Health Officer of the Port ; Hon. Noah Davis, M. C. ; Judge
Henry E. Davies ; Hon. E. A Merritt, Naval Officer, and others.

Perhaps the most notable of these occasions was the official visit of vwt of comui

^ of N. German

Dr. Johannes Roesing, Consul General of the North German Union, union,
made at the request of his Government, in October. Accompanying
him were Mr. Von Boleslawski, Austrian Vice-Consul ; Dr. Stammann,
Vice-Consul of the North German Union ; Ex-Senator Wilkinson, of
Minnesota ; the representatives of the German Steamship Companies ;
Professor Spencer, of the College of the City of New York ; Professor
Joy, of Columbia College, and others. Letters, regretting their
absence, were also received from Hon. Hamilton Fish, Secretary of
State ; Hon. J. C. Bancroft Davis, Assistant Secretary of State, and
Mr. Thurlow Weed, which will be found in the appendix. This
visit and its origin are significant of the great and honorable interest
in the subject of emigration and the welfare of the emigrant taken by
the Government which Dr. Roesing so ably represents. It is rare
that the solicitude of a foreign power exerts iteelf for its subjects who

20

have left it, and the North Grerman Union has the honor of being
foremost in displaying this enlightened and generous policy.

n.— CASTLE GARDEN AND EMIGRANT LANDmG DEPOT.

Castle Garden is the landing place of all emigrant passengers arriv-
ing at the port of New York.

The total number of persons landed at the depot during the past
year was 257,188, including 8,488 not subject to bonds or commuta-
tion. These anived in 597 vessels, from 10 different ports, the aver-
age number in each vessel being 430.

Learn of Caatie Under the authority of the Comptroller of the City of New York,
®^ the lease under which the Commission held Castle Garden, and which,

had expired, has been extended temporarily, and will probably con-
tinue under the City title, until the settlement of the question of title,
now in litigation between the City and the State.

Whatever may be the decision as to the legal ownership, the
renewal of this lease, in the judgment of the Commissioners, is
important for the protection of emigrants, and the best interests of
humanity.

Bmidinjp con. The buildiugs in Castle Garden comprise the Rotunda, the Labor
Landing Depot Exchange, the Baggage and Express offices, sheds and stables, and
the Medical, Ward's Island, Information and Forwarding offices, a
Waiting Room for Railroad passengei*s, and temporary Hospitals,
besides offices for the Police, Landing Agent, and Inspectors of
Customs.

Repaireandim- As thesc buildiugs are chiefly of wood, they are in constant need of
provemen . ^.gpgjj. rjr^^ Rotunda, bcsidcs being put in complete order dming the
year, has been improved by the addition of a new outside balcony,
enclosed with a high picket fence, to keep out intruders. This
furnishes an agreeable promenade for emigrants who may be for any
reason detained in the Landing Depot

The Dock has been extended and strengthened, and the one for-
merly used by the United States government has been transferred to
the Commission, together with its appm^tenances, materially increasing
the facilities and accommodations for the business.

■ r ;:-?«:«?::■

•^^?^iff^»

*iii^ fill'.', 1. 1 ♦ 'u '[ ;;jj«i i^i"»<- ••ontt p. i^j •\.

. \'M r\ /vAf) K>n< \a\tla\I)1N(t 'ivor

ir ' Iji'nli '•• I ' j'v of .M^I » luiL^rani | ;iv'"ngt...N arr!-
' js .' *•• M^^ T'oin lu iliifrji'iit roi''N, the avi;r

I f

: • " KV-h tl:r < ' ,: nij>M(>r. h"1il Ca-'le (iardm, aiA whirii
. ' K hre^u t- '.-11 !»il !'i'!j.Kn-anly, mkI will j)rol)a^»ly co'
' *' <"'v tit]*' uT.iil tho St rp'i'i'iit «»f the question o\' till.
_ • -n lu'iwcnn thi* C'.rv .tii I th<- *^t<jt<'.

»

^ . • •• T.,i\ \{^ tl'C «i»'t !-i«ai an to the Icijal owikmsIiIj^, tl*..

• •t th'^ I..'-", in the ju'i :inent of the C'oiiimih.sioiK""s, .s

I'T 'hf I t'^teetioiJ '.f ciniLiTants. and th(> best iutere^<s «'i

• u'..iii{iL;> in r^sjli- cini'lcn cnrn],ri,se the Kotiiiida, the La-*--
'.• .:<•. *)'<• i> " 'hhI Kvpress i tt^ces, sheds and stables, ;;j.ii
^'•'• j'.i]. \^ • - i>:;uid, Infornnui-in and Forwanlini*' of!iceh» :
■ ; K"-'-.. ; K-tliioad |»nsseTv^ers, and teni] >ora ry ]ln:|)it:iU,
I*o!iL<', Landin'^ Ai;*ent, and .Jnf<| »c'eto!w -t

I • •-.• • cliietlv of W'H'd, they a"e in e-Hi^l m' iw A o^

♦ » • . i:i, b< si«l(s beiiii; i)iit hi eOTn?»lc'«' order 'Ir '••!•• {\ ■

.. '.• 3 .• .v»d by the addition of anew oiH-;i<li- b:iU-<...-* .

i . i«Ji pii'k'^t f'Tiee, lo kee}> out intrudes, 'i ■ -

' \jv* :';.l>!e ]»'• -rnenade for enii 'r*ii.ts w]iC> niav be Wv an^

i'd in ihe 1 .ui«I^mi!^ l>(^pot.

• ' •. u l:av 1 ' \ ■■■ i.ndt'd and t^treniithen^M}, and the «»iie f*.-
' ' V »'. k:'\ States Lr()\(.riinient hr..- heen tranfjfe.riMi !<»

. . •• . m.-r with its appiirtc'iiahv.^*^, mat <.ii;iry increa^i'.L*

:'-'oj!ini'^dations for tlie business.

-MBLKLIBRAK

»<STOR ItNOX AND
TaoEN VOUNOAT|ON».

21

A portion of the Dock has been enclosed to furnish a shelter for
emigrants in inclement weather, dming the process of weighing,
checking, and " loading up " their baggage, and one of the buildings
hereon is used as a waiting room for those about to go by raih'oad.

A new Baggage Room has also been built during the year on the
site of the old one, with adjoining offices for its peculiar business. It
is solidly floored in concrete, and covering an area of about 25,000
square feet, affords ample space for the storage, safe keeping and
delivery, of all the luggage of arriving emigrants.

In order to facilitate the business operations of the Landing Depot,
the vaiious duties have been divided among the following different
departments :

On arrival at the Quarantine Station, (six miles below the city,) Boarding Depart-
every vessel bringing emigrant passengers is visited by an officer of the
Boarding department, stationed there for the purpose, who ascertains ,
the number of passengers, the deaths, if any, during the voyage, the
amount and character of sickness, and the condition of the vessel in
respect to cleanliness. He also receives complaints, of which he makes
report to the General Agent and Superintendent at Castle Garden ;
remaining on board the ship during her passage up the Bay, to see
that the law prohibiting communication between ship and shore before
emigrant passengers are landed, is enforced. On casting anchor in the
stream, convenient to the Landing Depot, he is relieved by an officer
of the Metropolitan Police force, detailed at the Castle Garden, and
the passengers are transferred to the care of the Landing Department.

Under the supervision of this department, the Landing Agent pro- Landing D«part-
ceeds to the vessel, accompanied by an Inspector of Customs. After
an examination of the luggage it is checked, and with the passengers
transferred to barges, and landed at the Castle Garden pier. The pas-
sengers are then examined by a Medical Officer, to discover if any sick
have passed the Health authorities at Quarantine, and if so, they are
immediately transferred by steamer to the Hospitals on Ward's or
Blackwell's Island. He likewise selects all subject to special bonds
under the law, as blind persons, cripples, lunatics, or any others who
are likely to become a ftitm'e charge. This examination ended, the
emigrants are conducted to the Rotunda, a large-roofed circular space
in the centre of the Depot, with separate compartments for the differ-
ent nationalities.

22

RogUitering Bu- Here the names, nationality, former place of residence, and intended
destination of the emigrants, with other particulars, are taken down.

Ac^nte of the R.

Co'a.

City Baggage De-
livery.

Exchange Bro-
kers.

Information Bu-
reau.

The passengers are then directed to the agents of the railroad com-
panies, from whom they can procure tickets, per railroad or steamer,
to all parts of the United States and Canada, with the privilege of
selecting their own route, and without the risk of fraud or extortion to
which they are subjected outside the limits of the Depot. All who
desire to proceed at once to their destinations, are transported by-
water to the several i-aikoad depots and steamboat wharves, whence
they take their departure.

Those emigrants who intend to remain in New York, or its vicinity,
ai'e conducted to the City Baggage Delivery, which ascertains the
address to which they may desire to have their luggage sent, and
takes their orders, exchanging the brass check, received from the
Landing Agent, on shipboard, for a printed one. The luggage is then
promptly delivered to any part of the city and vicinity at a moderate
rate of charge, approved by the Commission.

Those having gold or silver which they may wish to have exchanged
for United States currency, are directed to one of four Exchange
Brokers admitted into the Depot, who change their specie for a small
advance on the market rate.

To avoid the slightest chance of extortion, the rate at which foreign
money is bought, and the daily fluctuations, are marked on boards
placed in conspicuous positions, and the broker in each case is required
to furnish the emigrant with a memorandum.

These last three departments are conducted by responsible persons,
who, though not oflicers, are nevertheless under the close and constant
supervision of the Commission, and are required to keep a record of
all transactions, subject to the inspection of any member of the Board.
During the past year these persons have performed then* duties in a
satisfactory manner.

When the foregoing operations have been completed, the emigi^ants
are assembled in the Rotunda, and an officer of the Commission calls
out the names of those whose friends are expecting them in the wait-
ing-room at the entrance of the Depot, or for whom letters or funds
have been received, which are then delivered to the proper owners
through the Forwarding Department.

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23

Emis^rants who desire to communicate with fiiends at a distance are Letter Writing

_ , BureacL

referred to the Letter Writing Department, where clerks, understand-
ing the various Continental languages, are in attendance to assist or
conduct the correspondence of emigrants.

The forwarding Department receives, through the Treasurer, all Fomarding
communications and remittances from fi'iends of emigrants, sent either
before their arrival, or in response to letters written by the Letter De-
partment, and applies them to the purchase of tickets or other desired
purpose.

A telegraph has also been introduced into the depot, the Western Telegraph office.
Union Telegraph Company having established there a branch office,
which enables emigrants, without leaving the premises, to give their
friends in all parts of the country immediate notice of their arrival, and
communicate with them.

Boarding-House Keepers, licensed by the Mayor and properly certi- Boarding-Houac
fied as to character by responsible parties, are admitted to the Rotunda
after the foregoing business has been completed, to solicit for their
respective houses such emigrants as desire to remain in the city for
any length of time. These Boarding-House Keepers are subjected to
careful supervision and to certain regulations, which will be found in
the Appendix, and every precaution is takeii to guard the emigrant
against the abuses and imposition to which he was formerly liable.

The Ward's Island Department receives all applications from desti- ward's Mand
tute emigrants and others for admission to the institutions, and exam-
ines the records, to ascertain the right of the applicants to admission.
If this examination proves satisfactory, they are sent to the Hospital
or 'Refuge and cared for at the expense of the Commission until they
find employment, receive remittances or recover their health. This
department also keeps lists of all admissions to, and dischai'ges from,
Ward's Island, and examines the records in all cases of claims for
indemnity fi'om the several counties of the State for emigrants charge-
able to the Commission who may have received aid or support in such
counties. Attached to this department are two physicians, whose duty
it is to examine all sick and destitute applicants for relief, and also to
visit all such who are residents in the city.

Two hospital rooms have been added for the reception of those who Temporal^
may be taken suddenly ill after landing, or who may be brought to
Castle Garden for medical treatment

24

Labor Exduuige. The Labor Exchange, which was erected and put in operation dur-
ing the year 1867, is a spacious, well arranged building, and being
situated on the additional ground granted to the Commission by the
city authorities, is easy of access, without disturbing the arrangements
of the landing depot.

In the centre of the floor, a sufficient space has been railed off, and
reserved for the use of officers and. employers. On one side are seated
the male emigrants, and on the other side the females, thus securing
a separation of the sexes. These again are subdivided, according to
then* several occupations and the length of time they have been here,
and also into those with and those without references. Each emigrant,
on entering, is requested to state his or her name, ship, date of arrival,
and character of employment ; while every employer is required to
enter his or her name, residence, recommendations, references, and
description of labor wanted.

This Labor Exchange is free of charge to emigrants and to em-
ployers. For the former, it procures employment or service in the
city or at a distance ; while for the latter, it undertakes to supply all
sorts of skilled mechanical and agricultural labor to any part of the
United States, the expense of communication and transport from I^ew
York having in each case to be defrayed by the employer.

In addition to what has been stated above, a record of the various
engagements entered into is kept by the department, thus affording the
Commissionei'S an easy method of reference in case of complaint, and
the emigrant a convenient aid in tracing friends of whom he may
be in search.

Admioistration
of the Labor
Exchange.

The Commissioners are happy to report that this establishment has
abeady been of much value to emigrants, and gives great assurance
of enlarged ftiture useftilness as it becomes more widely known. It
is placed under the charge of a chief clerk, and its results have been
very satisfactory for the time it has been in operation. Throughout
the year 1869 the demand was greater than the supply.

The success of this department is doubtless attributable to its con-
nections with every pai*t of the country, which enables it to ^obtain a
complete survey of the whole labor market.

statistics.

During the past year employment has been procured for 34,955
emigrants, nearly 4,000 more than the previous year, of whom 5,594

25

were mechanics, 17,250 agricultural and unskilled laborers, 438 skilled
female laborers, and 11,673 house servants. These figures show a
slight falling off from those of 1868 in the two latter branches, but a
considerable increase in the demand for mechanics and agi*icultm*ists.
Of this total number, the States of New York and New Jersey, as
in 1868, iumished employment to more emigrants than the rest of the
States together.

Col. L. Cantador, transferred during the year to the position of
Deputy Supeiintendent, from the Chief Clerkship of the Labor Ex-
change, over which he still exercises supervision, thus speaks of the
operations of this bureau in his report, to be found in the Appendix :
" The increase of business transacted was only in proportion to the
larger immigration. It would have attained far larger proportions had
the supply equalled the demand. From March to November the
demand was considerably greater than in the previous year, and only
a small part of the orders for fimii and common laborers has been
filled."

Fi'om registered entries which have been made of the intended or RMietcring
avowed destination of each passenger, the following is a summary : statiatica of.
85,810 reported their intended destination to be the State of New
York ; 40,236 to Pennsylvania and New Jersey ; 15,613 to New Eng-
land ; 10,061 to the Southern States ; 96,646 to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota and California; and 8,822 to
Kansas, Nebraska, Canada, ifec, &c.

The striking feature of this exhibit ifi the large increase since the
previous year in the number of emigrants going to New York, to
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and to the Southern States ; the excess
amounting in the first case to more than thirty per cent, and in the
othei-s to about one hundred per cent. On the other hand the
emigration to Kansas, Nebraska, ifec, has been diminished by more
than one half

The department for letters and messages for the emigi*ants has Let^^d ^r-
been very useful. Duiing the year 1869 there were 2,884 letters ^^"jf^^*^'
written, for newly aiiived passengers, to which answers were
received at Castle Garden, containing $41,615.55. Remittances
amounting to $50,549.49 were also received in anticipation of the
arrival of the passengers. Besides the above moneys, the several
amounts of $188, $28,822.55, $17,863.63 and $468.50, mentioned
in page 9 of this report, were received at this office, at the office
of the Iiish Emigrant and Glerman Societies, and at the office of
4

26

the Agent at Albany, and applied to the forwarding of recently-arrived
emigrants. Numerous messages were also received from emigrant
societies and from individuals, to inform passengers, on their landing,
of frmds being ready at their disposal when they should arrive with
the necessary information respecting them.

Telegraph stetiB- In addition to these, the report of the Telegraph Operator in Castle
Garden, shows that 5,393 messages were sent durmg the year and
1,351 received.

informagon Bu^ The percentage of the whole number of passengers landed at Castle
Garden, who were sent to or received by their friends through the
agency of the Information Office was, last year, 13.18, being nearly
one per cent in excess of the previous year, and about fom* per cent,
more than in 1867.

Geuerai Agent & The rcDort of the General Agent and Superintendent, embracing:

Superintendent , ^ ° . * . ^

the various reports, and accompanying tables, of the chief officers of
the several bureaux and departments, exhibits many interesting and
important details, including statements of the relative proportions of
sailing and steam vessels bringing passengers, the constantly increas-
ing proportion of steamers in the business, their respective national
flags, the ports from which they sailed, and the character and per-
centage of mortality during the voyage.

steamers and By comparison with former years, it is shown that the number of

steamers landing passengers at Castle Garden has increased from 22,
bringing 5,111 passengers, in 1856, to 443, bringing 228,920 passengers
m 1869.

In regard to the carrying of emigrant passengers, the difference in
favor of steamers over sailing vessels continues, every year, to gi'ow
more marked. While in 1859, the average number brought by
steamers was 230 against 184 in sailing vessels, in 1869 it was 517 to
183, showing an average difference in favor of steamers of 334.

Comparative The compai'ative mortality also of passengers in sailing vessels and

s«^g vSeifi. steamers continues to show a veiy large proportional disparity in favor

of the latter. Out of 229,190 passengers in 504 steamers, 210 died ;

whilst from among 28,333 in 209 sailing vessels, the deaths >vere 138.

Owing partly to the force of the Act, passed by the Legislature in
May, 1868, which made it unlawful for the agent of any Raih'oad or
Steamboat Company to dispose of tickets to emigrants amving at this

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■V

THE NEW YORK

PUBLIC LIBP.ARY!

ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILDEN rOU'-DATIONS.

27

port, except at places designated by the Commissioners, partly to the Foreign Booking
representations made by the Commissioners to the various Continental ™»ea and paruai
governments through their resident Consuls and Ministers, the
foreign booking system, against which the Commissioners have been
contending for fifteen years, has been at last to a gi*eat extent broken
up. With the suppression of the agency of J. N. Faass, at Havre, which
directly and through the medium of various sub-agencies throughout
France, Switzerland and Belgium, has defrauded emigrants of enormous
sums, by selling tickets in Europe at the same rates in gold as they would
cost here in currency, the main source of this Abuse has been cut off.
But while the operations of the booking-agents have thus been check-
ed on the Continent, they have been recommenced in another field.
Ceitain irresponsible, so called. Emigration Companies in this city and
elsewhere throughout the United States, have established agencies in
Sweden and Denmark for the issuance to emigrants of inland passage
orders, which on being presented here are refused. Many complaints
of this nature have been brought before the Commission during the
year, wherein no redress could be obtained owing to the bankruptcy
of the companies. A statement of these cases is given in the Appen-
dix. The efforts of the Commission have been directed towards the
suppression of this fresh abuse, and they are encom*aged to hope for
speedy success.

The evils of permitting the sale to emigrants in Europe of
orders for inland transportation here, have been dwelt on by the
Commissioners in previous reports, and the past year has furnished
a proof that, even when fairly conducted, the system almost inev-
itably entails loss and inconvenience on the emigrant who adopts it.
The firm of Foster & Brother, at Liverpool, was authoiized by the
agent of the N. Y. Central Railroad in Castle Garden to draw on him
orders for emigrant transportation. Numbers of these orders having
been issued, the agent of the Central Road was soon afler displaced,
and the orders were repudiated by him and by his successor. Though
the Liverpool firm referred to met their obligations and refunded the
sums paid for the worthless orders, yet before the matter was adjusted
much time elapsed, and the emigrants concerned were subjected to
loss of time and money by their detention in the city. The system
is radically bad, and its entire abolition would be matter for rejoicing.

The Commission was again instrumental in compelling the refund-
ing to emigrants arrived during the early part of the year of several

28

thousand dollars, charged in excess of the proper price for tickets so
purchased in Europe, a statement of which will be found in the
Appendix.

Railroad Com- The subject of the time-tables of emigrant trains on Western Roads

pames and ** o

Time-tabiai. jj^s not yet been satisfactorily adjusted. At a regular meeting of
the Board, held March 3 1st, 1869, the following preamble and resolu-
tion were adopted: —

Whereas^ The several railroad ticket agents will meet in the month of April for
the purpose of arranging their smnmer time-tables,

JSesolved, That onr Railxoad Committee be requested to call the attention of said
agents to the importance and necessity of better accommodation, and quicker trans-
port of emigrant trains to the West, and to insist upon the reform of the present
system, which is detrimental to both the health and comfort of emigrants, besides
being almost as expensive as the first-class passage.

In accordance with this resolution. Commissioner Loutrel, Chairman
of the Railroad Agency Committee, addressed, April 9, 1869, to the
Convention of Railroad Passenger Ticket Agents, then in session in
New York City, a communication (which T^iU be found in the
Appendix), setting forth the evils complained of, and requesting the
appointment of a committee to confer with the Railroad Committee of
the Board with a view to their removal. To this letter no reply was
received further than a verbal statement from the Railroad Agents
admitted to the Landing Depot, that the matter was held under
advisement.

At present, fast freight trains occupy less time in transit than those
carrying emigrants, and on some of the lines these trains, freighted
with human beings, are compelled to give right of way to cattle trains.

As one consequence of these delays, the scanty means of emigl'ants
prove often insufficient to supply them with food throughout the
journey, whereby much hardship results. Self-interest, if not humanity,
should lead the managers of the roads concerned, to remedy this in-
justice. Already it has been made a pretext by designing paities to
divert emigi*ation from ,this Port to Quebec, to the benefit of Canadian
roads and the corresponding loss of our own. Yet the Canadian roads
are no better in this respect than the Western roads complained of,
and do not compare in point of consideration for the comfort and con-
venience of emigrant passengers with the roads of this State.

Neceaaitv of im- As Stated in a previous part of this Report, the number of saOing*

proved trans- ± x ir «=»

portation. vcsscls bringing emigrants to New York has decreased year by year.

29

while the number of steamerd has greatly increased. Both shipown-
ers and emigi'ants find the slower mode of travel more costly in
every respect than the quicker, and hence the change that has been
and still is taking place. The same holds good with regard to land
transportation. Both the railroad companies and the emigrant would
derive advantage from the establishment of express emigi-ant trains.
At any rate, this flagrant injustice to the emigrant might be avoided
if special cars, for the exclusive use of emigrants, were attached to
certain of the express trains.

Complaints are often brought against the Commission, that at Castle complaints by
Garden emigrants are overcharged, and then- bag^s^ag^e in many cases extortion, loet

o 0^-7 00 o J b&ggase and

lost Every exertion has been made by the Commission to prevent J^ySuSSaeTdF,
extortion, and every possible precaution taken for the safety of JJ^^®^*^®**-
emigrants' baggage. Rules and regulations have been framed for the
goveniment of each of the bureaux, and printed copies in the different
languages, are posted in conspicuous places for the guidance and infor-
mation of the emigrant and his ftiends. Exceptional cases of injustice
will occasionally occur, notwithstanding the strictest precautionaiy
measures. If, whenever this happened, the emigrant made complaint
at the time to the authorities at Castle Garden, the injustice could be
redressed, and the offending persons punished ; but in most cases in
which the emigrant has been wronged, either no complaint has been
made at all, or only made after the emigrant had left the city, and
gone to some distant part of the country, by which course much diffi-
culty is sometimes experienced in detecting and exposing the wi*ong
complained of, and in identifying the party who committed it

It is proper to state here, that many of the complaints made, have
proved, on investigation, to be entirely without foundation, and the
result either of ignorance on the part of the emigrant, or of malice on
the part of pretended friends.

Complaints are also made of the swindling operations to which emi-
grants are exposed on then- voyage fi-om Germany to New Orleans ;
that they are induced to take railroad tickets via Chicago, St. Louis,
&c., to theu* destination. This is a matter for which the Commission
is in no way responsible, although, as stated in another part of this
Report, its influence has been successfully directed to prevent the
frauds continually practised upon emigrants by the foreign agents of
American railroad companies.

30

In those cases in which emigrants have been imposed upon by rail-
road agents, or dishonest brokers, after their arrival in New York, it
is invariably found, upon investigation, that they f eftised to listen to
the advice given them, and purchased tickets, or exchanged their
money, without the limits of Castle Garden. The attention of the
police authorities has been repeatedly called to this subject

PoUce.

The police arrangements at Castle Garden still continue unsati^
factory. The force detailed for the protection of the premises and of
the emigrants is inadequate, both in respect to number and efficiency,
for the duties they are required to perform. Intelligence, patience
and good temper, should charactenze officers detailed for this sei-vice.
Moreover, a reluctance to dbey orders is often manifested, which
might be obviated by placing the force more directly under the con-
trol of the Castle Garden authorities.

Custom Hotue
Inapecton-

Complaints have been made of the manner in which the Custom
House Officers stationed at Castle Garden perform their duties. It
is charged that advantage is constantly taken of the ignorance and
mexperience of emigrants to seize their luggage on slight pretexts,
and either confiscate it entirely or subject the owner to a long and
expensive detention in the city to secure its release. The emigrant
frequently does not know what articles are dutiable, and apt often from
ignorance of English, the only language which the inspectors speak, is
unable to ascertain. In this way he is not seldom subjected to great
injustice and loss. The Collector and Surveyor of the port have
promised to remedy the abuses complained of, and have such arrange-
ments made as will avoid these unnecessary and harassing delays.

The Commissioners desire in this place to express their acknowledg-
ment of the services rendered by the General Agent and Superintend-
ent, Bernard Casserly, This gentleman, whose connection with the
Emigrant Commission from its first establishment in 1847, has famil-
iarized him with the wants of the emigrants, has dming the past
year, as always, vigilantly and efficiently upheld the interests of the
Commission, and merits all the praise due to zeal and energy ex-
hibited for the public welfare.

30

o

In those cases in which emigrants have been imposed upon by rail-
road agents, or dishonest brokers, after their arrival in New York, it
is invariably found, upon investigation, that they feftised to 1'
the advice given them, and purchased tickets, or excb**'
money, without the limits of Castle Gard«»»» "^
police authorities has been re^**-^

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\ i^art'.

THE NEW YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOrj. : rNOX A\D
TILDEN rOUNDATIONS.

31

III.— FINANCIAL.

As mentioned in a previous part of this report, the last Legislature Head Money,
recognized the importance of continuing, at a rate equivalent to the
increase in prices, and the diminution in the value of money, the per
capita tax constituting the fund which supports the establishment
under the charge of this Comittission. By the Act of May 10th, 1869,
entitled " An Act to amend an Act entitled an Act to amend several
Acts relating to the powers and duties of the Commissioners of
Emigi-ation and for the regulation of the Marine Hospital," the head
money was continued at the rate fixed by the Act of 1 867, and the
limitation as to time imposed in that Act removed. This timely
assistance has enabled the Commissioners to meet the increasing ex-
pense of supporting the Ward's Island Institution, and to make provi-
sion for the necessary alterations and improvements elsewhere men-
tioned as either completed or in contemplation.

Yet notwithstanding, the additional appropriation found necessary
for the New Lunatic Asylum, involves so large an outlay as threatens
to absorb the surplus fund of the Commission. The Commissioners
therefore beg leave to call the attention of the Legislature to another
matter of great importance already adverted to in previous reports.

The payments in support of the Quai*antine during 1861 were made ^"^^-^^nSa!
fi-om the proceeds of the sale of the bonds of Richmond County, ^tfOT.*^^^™*"
awai'ded to this Commission for the destruction of their personal pro-
perty at the Marine Hospital, which bonds had been issued to them by
the Supervisors of Richmond County. Of the sum thus raised, the
whole was expended for strictly Quarantine purposes, except a small
balance of about $500.

The additional sum of $107,251 was also awarded to the Commis-
sioners of Emigration under the Act of 1860, for the destruction of
their buildings, houses and hospitals, as damages to their realestate.
These bonds were claimed by the Commissioners of Emigi'ation ; but
the Supervisors of Richmond County, holding that this Commission
were merely trustees for the people of the State, refused the claim, and
deposited the bonds with the Treasurer of the State.

Application was made for a mandamus to compel the Supervisors of
Richmond County to deliver these bonds to this Commission, to whom
the award was certified under the Act. It was, however, denied, the
Comii of Appeals holding that inasmuch as the Commissionera of

32

Sale of Quaran-
tine grounde
and payment
of mortgage.

Emigration were trustees of the people of the State, a delivery of the
bonds to the people was a substantial compliance with the law.

Since that time, these bonds have been applied to the payment of
expenses incurred in the erection of the new Quarantine station and
buildings on the west bank, and the Oonmiissioners have, in conse-
quence, received no advantage &om the award.

In 1863 a law was passed authorizing the sale of the lands at Staten
Island, held by the Commission in trust for the people of the State of
New York. This property was subject to a mortgage of $200,000,
covering the former Marine Hospital lands with all the Ward's Island
property held by this Commission. The debt was contracted at vari-
ous times, and the mortgage given with the express consent of the
Governor, Attorney-General and Comptroller, as required by law,
during the administration of Governors Fish, Hunt and Morgan. The
loan was obtained upon the credit of the estimated value of the Quar-
antine property. The Commissioners thought, that if towai^ds the pay-
ment of the whole mortgage they should contribute $50,000, it wotild
be fully as much as the relative value of the two pieces of property,
the equity of the mode of raising, and the application of the funds from
alien emigrants would justify. As this sum was recommended by the
Comptroller in a report to the Legislatm*e, and has been formally ap-
proved in an act passed in 1867, the Commissioners assented to this
division of the debt.

The sale of this property has been effected, and the mortgage will
shortly be paid off.

Expendituree The Commissiouers of Emigration, moreover, would respectfully

QSSranSnepS' submit that they had the financial and economical administration of
fiureSment™' the former Marine Hospital for about thirteen years, during which
time they expended on buildings, wharves and other necessary im-
provements of the real estate, a lai'ge sum, in addition to the cm'rent
expenses of the Institution.^ At the same time the Commission had
no means other than the Commutation or Emigrant Fund wherewith
to meet this increased expenditure, and as this was insufficient, they
were consequently compelled to raise money on mortgage, as above
mentioned.

Since 1858, although the Commission has received no benefit fi'om
the lands at Staten Island, and although since the appointment of the
Quai'antine Commission, the Commissioners of Emigration have been

33

relieved of the duties whidb formerly devolved upon them, yet they
have heen called upon during the past ten years to pay the interest on
the whole $200,000, of which $150,000 was debt incurred in support
of the Marine Hospital, and acknowledged as such by the Legisla-
ture. It is, therefore, respectfiilly submitted that the interest on this
sum of $150,000 should be refunded by the State to the Conmiis-
sioners of Emigration, in order that the money thus temporarily di-
verted may be applied to the purposes for which it was granted by the .
Legislature.

The Commissioners would respectfully call the attention of the Leg- Law reepocting

r ^ o allene committed

islature to an Act passed April 13th, 1855, entitled "An Act to amend JS^dT*J*t^5S?
an Act concerning passengers in vessels coming to the City of New J^di^ ^^ *^'
York," whereby it is made the duty of the Commissioners of Emigra-
tion to provide out of the Emigrant Fund for the maintenance and
support of all persons for whom conmiutation money may have been
paid, and who shall, within five years of the date of his or her arrival,
*' become inmates of any work-house, house of correction, asylum for
juvenile delinquents, penitentiary, jail, bridewell or prison, under com-
mitment, sentence or conviction, by an officer or officers. Court or mag-
istrate, under any law of this State, as vagrants or disorderly persons,"
and they would respectfully request the repeal of the same for the fol-
lowing reasons :

The object of establishing this Emigrant Fund was to provide for
sick and destitute emigrants until they should be able to support them-
selves, and by their labor add to the general welfare and prosperity of
the country ; in other words, to prevent their being a burthen to the
State, when their inability to work or lack of employment is due to ac-
cidental circumstances, and not to their own act. But by the law in
question the Fund is diverted from this its original object, and applied
to the support of vagrants and criminals, who, it is submitted, have,
by their own act, placed themselves beyond the protection of the
Commission.

Moreover, if the Commissioners of Emigration be required to aid in
supporting the prisons and . penitentiaries of the State, by a parity of
reasoning, it would follow that they should contribute to the support
of every department which is entrusted with the duty of bringing alien
offenders to justice. These necessary expenses of State government
are paid by State taxes, and hence the Commissioners would respect-

^

34

ftiUy request the repeal of the law referred to above, since it works in-
justice and wrong to the industrious emigrant in appropriating, to the
support of criminals, the money which he pays as a provident invest-
ment.

Abstract state*
ment of Re-
ceipts and Ex-
];>6ndltures.

From the following abstract statement of the receipts and expen-
ditures of the Commissioners of Emigration will be seen the sources
and amount of their income, and the nature and amount of their
disbursements during the year 1869. The items of the account will
be found in detail in the Appendix to this Repoit.

ABSTRACT STATEMENT— COMMUTATION FUND, 1869.

BBCEIPTS.

Amount of commutation money received from owners

and consignees of vessels for alien passengers $649,362 50

Commutation of special bonds 7,710 09

Sale of securities 131,989 28

Interest on United States stock and other securities, and

premium on gold 23,751 93

Penalties for deaths at sea 810 00

From '* Irish Emigrant Society," being amoimt refunded

for forwarding emigrants to destination 1,308 85

Refunded for amount overpaid on contract 2,500 00

From agent m Albany, for rent of part of premises occu-
pied by him 212 50 ^

From emigrants, being amount returned by them for ad-
vances made for their transportation to the interior,

and to Europe 5,407 58

For support of illegitimate children 369 90

For redemption of dishonored inland passage tickets, sold

in Europe 316 65

From employers of wet-nurses, Ward's Island .*.... 485 00

Sale of groceries and provisions to physiciaiis and others, 857 39

Sale of empty flour barrels 596 48

Sale of rags 314 09

Sale of bones 227 00

Sale of old iron, lead, &c 257 73

Sale of empty casks 127 93

Sale of Uve stock. 66 00

Sundries, as per cash account (see Appendix) * . . . . 817 97 .

$827,488 87

Balance in bank January 1st, 1869 8,041 37

$835,530 24

35

EXPBNBBS.

Disbursements on acoonnt of Commissioners' office in

Castle Garden $35,357 87

Expenses of Emigrant Landing Depot, Castle Garden.. . 144,345 09
Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, for
board of vagrants and criminals, and care and support

of small-pox patients 18,986 76

Keimbnrsements to institutions in this State for care and

support of emigrants 12,071 59

Beimbursements to the several counties in this State for

care and support of emigrants 17,788 31

Disbursements by the several agents of the Commissioners
in Albany, Buffalo, Dunkirk, Bochester, and Suspen-
sion Bridge 6,038 16

Advertbing in, and subscriptions to newspapers 354 53

Architect, services of 1,815 81

Board and lodging of 1,103 emigrants in the City of New

York, temporarily 939 46

Bepairs at boarding station, Staten Island 449 74

Books and toys for children at Christmas 629 25

Commissions and cartage on supplies for Ward's Island.. l',545 30

Conveying sick to hospital 1,889 97

Carriage hire to and £rom Ward's Island 674 75

Contingent expenses 5,529 45

Engravings for Annual Report 315 51

Fuel and ferriage on account of boarding station, Staten

Island 97 25

Forwarding emigrants to the interior and to Europe, in

part, at the expense of the Conmiission 10,876 89

Funeral expenses and interments 785 53

Horsefeed (stable at Castle Garden) 713 45

Horseshoeing 130 00

Insurance on property of Commissioners of Emigration

at Ward's Island and Castle Garden 4,701 15

♦Interest (yearly) on bond of $207,500. (See page 30). 14,425 00

Instruments (surgical) and appliances 124 42

Appropriation for erection of Lunatic Asylum on Ward's

Island 150,000 00

Medicine and medical services in the City of New York. . 102 50
Printing Annual Report of Commissioners of Emigration

for 1868 2,595 60

Postage, postage stamps, telegrams, internal revenue, &c , 688 86
Provisions for emigrants delayed in Castle Garden, in

part at expense of consignees 3,006 18

* This interest, the Commissioners claim, should proi>erly be paid by the Quarantine
Commissioners, as explained on page 80, and ought not to be a burden on the Commuta-'
Hon Fand«

86

Real estate purchnBed on Ward's Island $50,942 13

Refanded to emigrants for dishonored inland railway '

tickets 157 68

Expense of report of investigation relative to the case of

ship '^ James Foster, Jr." 537 50

Steamboat hire, conveying sick and destitute emigrants

and supplies to Ward's Island 7,886 00

Stage and car fare 201 01

Services of special agent in Albany 150 00

Salary of counsel of Commissioners and expenses 3,500 00

Salary of physician at the "Tombs" 500 00

Salary of clerk in City Chamberlain's office 700 00

Salary of clerk in Mayor's office 1,000 00

Salary of derk in Irish Emigrant Society 700 00

Salary of agent and assistnnt in Dunkirk 1,360 00

Travelling expenses on business of the Commission 1,144 55

Temporary relief to emigrants in City of New York 6,884 82

Trusses applied by physicians in Castle Garden 108 80

Vehicles and repairs 224 80

Net cost of support of Ward's Island 191,613 82

Buildings, improvements and repairs, Ward's Island. . . . 43,521 92

Lightning rods for buildings at Ward's Island : . 1,691 10

Plumbing 427 90

Furnaces 270 00

Sundry other expenses (see Appendix) 5,468 32

756,158 58

Balance in bank December 3lBt, 1869 $79,371 66

Geobge W. Wheelbb, Treatarer,

All of which is respectfully submitted.

G. C. VERPLANCK,
F. S. WINSTON,
* CYRUS H. LOUTREL,
ISAAC T. SMITH,
PHILIP BISSINGER,
FREDERICK KAPP,

P. Mcelroy,

MARTIN KALBFLEISCH.
A. OAEEY HALL.

37

CUj/ and County ofjfeuo York, ss. :

6. C. Verplanck, F. S. Winston, Cyrus H. Loutrel, Isaac T. Smith,
Philip Bissinger, Frederick Eapp, P. McEh'oy, Mai-tin Kalbfleisch,
A. Oakey Hall, Commissioners of Emigration, and Richard O'Gorman,
ex-Commissioner of Emigration, being duly sworn and affirmed, in
accordance with the requirements of section 10 of an Act, entitled
" An Act for the Protection of Emigrants arriving in the State of
New York," passed 11th April, 1848, depose and say, each for him-
self, that the report annexed is correct, to the best of the knowledge,
information and belief of each and every one of them ; and that he has
not directly or indirectly been interested in the boarding of emigrants,
in the transportation of any emigi^ant passengers through any por-
tion of the interior of this countiy ; nor has made or received, directly
or indirectly, any gain, profit or advantage, by or through the pur-
chase of supplies, the gi*anting of any contract or contracts herein, or
licenses, privilege or privileges, or the employment of any officer,
servant or agent, mechanic, laborer, or other person, in the business
nnder the control of the said Commissioners.

G. C. VERPLANCK,
F. S. WINSTON,
CYRUS H. LOUTREL,
ISAAC T. SMITH,
PHILIP BISSINGER,
FREDERICK KAPP,

P. Mcelroy,

MARTIN KALBFLEISCH,
A OAKEY HALL.
RICHARD O'GORMAN,

Sworn to before me on the 7th day of February, A. D., 1870, by G. C. Verplanck,
F. S. Winston, Cyras H. Lontrel, Isaac T. Smith, Philip Bissinger, Richard O'Gor-
man, Frederick Kapp and F. Mc^PHroy ; and on the 8th day of February, A. D., 1870,
by Martin Kalbfleisch and A. Oakey Hall.

DANIEL A. CASSERLY,

Notary PubUc,

1

APPENDIX

TO THE BBPOBT OP THK

COMMISSIONEBS OF EmIGBATION.

il

APPENDIX.

1869.

»•»

Number and NaMvity of Alien Passengers arrived at the Port of New York
during the year 1869, who were liaMe to Bonds or Commutation under the
Acts of AprU 11, 1849, July 11, 1851, April 13, 1853, May 14, 1867, and
May 10, 1869.

Germany 99,605

Ireland 66,204

England 41,090

Sweden. 23,453

Scotland. , 10,643

Norway 3,465

Switzerland 2, 999

France 2, 795

Denmark 2,600

Italy 1,548

Holland 1,247

Wales 1,111

Poland 598

West Indies. 378

Bnssia. 376

Spain 210

Belglnm. • 146

Nova Scotia. 119

South America 102

Mexico. 90

Portugal 60

Central America. 38

Canada. .^ 27

East Indies :. 25

Africa 17

China. 15

Australia. 12

Greece 7

Turkey 5

Japan 4

Total 258,

6

ANNUAL REPOET

OP THE

STATE EMIGRANT REFUGE AND HOSPITAL

State Emigbuuh? Refuge and HoepiTAr.,>
Ward's Island, f

cfannary Ist, 1870.

To the President and Board of Commisiumers of BmigraUon :

Gentlemen — Herewith I beg leave to transmit the Annual Rt ri and accom-
panjing statistics of this Institution for the year 1869.

The total number of inmates cared for during the year was 13,911, being 339
less than in 1868, but still largely in" excess of any previous year, since 1854.

Perhaps no better index of the improvement in the system of emigration, in the
care and attention to the health of passengers, as well as their comfort, during the
voyage, &c., could be found than the above fact, that while the emigration is lai^ely
in excess of last year, our numbers have been decreasing, thus showing that the
emigrants generally have been landed in much better condition than in former
years.

The year just closed has been marked by nothing requiring special mention. We
have had no serious epidemic or contagious disease ; our inmates, with the exception
of the regular Hospital patients, have been healthy, and their stay here but tempo-
rary, thus making the Institution very largely beneficial to the large numbers
requiring rest and recuperation after their voyage, before proceeding to their
destination.

We have had here a large number of families — Swedes, Bohemians, and other
Continental people — who have been cared for till their friends could be notified of
their arrival and remit funds for them.

With all the benefits attached to this Institution, it is not strange that many, not
strictly entitled to its privileges, endeavor to impose on the bounty of the Board. The
shiftless idle fellow, who spends his summer wages in riotous living, and seeks
shelter here as soon as the cold weather approaches, or the man who deliberately
hoards his earnings by deposit in a Savings Bank, and then applies for admission to

43

Ward's Island^ are, it seems to me, neither proper subjects for your care, yet still
we are compelled every winter to sapport and clothe a large number of this class who
claim our protection as destitute persons. This is yearly growing to be an evil of
magnitude, and may perhaps require such legislation as will enable your Board to
protect yourselves from such impostors.

During the year many improvements have been made upon the buildings and
grounds of the Institution. Two new buildings have been erected, viz. : a stable
sufficiently large to accommodate twenty horses and cows, and a building for work-
shops for onr employees ; both are built of brick, in a most thorough and substantial
manner. A new gutter has been placed upon the Barracks, new stoops to several of
the Wards, new roofs to all buildings requiring the same, all tin roofs have been
repainted, lightning-rods have been placed upon all buildings not heretofore supplied,
and a new fence, about 1,200 feet in length, has been built on the rear of our
premises.

Many other improvements and repairs have been made, including a thorough
overhanling of all buildings : plumbing, rebuilding water-closets, remo\ing old and
decaying wood buildings, grading grounds, removing rock from the fields, &c., &c.

The ferry-house at the foot of 110th street has been secured by lease to the use
of the Commissioners, and has been repainted and a new landing built.

A branch Labor Exchange has also here been established, thus giving those par-
ties who live in Westchester County, or in the upper part of the City, facilities for
obtaining help from the Island. It is now working very well, and will in time prove
a yaluable auxiliary to the main office at Castle Garden.

The changes and improvements made upon the Island show a marked and bene-
ficial result in the general health of our inmates, as our Physicians can testify,
and the fear of contagion or spread of disease is much less than in many parts of
New York.

The various duties of the Island require many men for their performance, but
during the summer months the inmates able to work are very few in number, and
from time to time, as required, convalescent patients from the Hospital have been
employed at light work, as is believed to their advantage as well as ours. During the
winter months, it is not possible to employ our men ; most of them are thinly clad,
and we cannot grade our grounds on account of the frost, while the diversity of
trades and occupations preclude the feasibility of employing them at any in-door
labor requiring skill in its performance.

Knowing it to be your wish to provide for the inmates liberally of the most sub-
stantial and nutritious food, I have endeavored to supply all with a sufficient
quantity, both in the Hospital and Refuge. The high prices of many of the leading
articles required for daily use has prevented a very large reduction of expenditure,
still every effort has been made to economize in all the departments.

A large amount of clothing has been made and distributed to the inmates, and in
all cases where required, on discharge, sufficient clothing has been given to them to
make a respectable appearance.

Our garden has this year produced bountifully, and the vegetables have been
freely given to the inmates, and as a result, we have been entirely free from Scurvy
and other kindred diseases.

44

Our Croton water pipe was obstrncted in the bed of the river for two weeks, and
we were entirely dependent upon onr Reservoir for water, which gave ns an ample
supply until the obstructions could be removed.

The City Cemetery has during the year been removed to Hart's Island, and the
bodies of our dead are conveyed to that place by steamboat for interment.

It affords me much pleasure to testify to the unremitting care and attention
bestowed upon the sick by our Medical Staff ; their duties have been arduous and
constant, but they have always manifested the warmest interest in the sick, and as a
result, the reports will show a very favorable per centage of mortality.

The chaplains have ministered to their people in things spiritual. Their attention
and devotion to their duties are worthy of commendation.

The School under the charge of the Board of Education has continued to prove a
success, and many gratifying instances of improvement among our children have
been noticed.

The various officers of the Island have been attentive to their duties ; and to them
I am largely indebted for the good order and discipline which has been maintained.

Your Board have all kindly given me your aid and advice, and my duties have
been much lightened by the earnest co-operation of the untiring Chairman of the
Ward's Island Committee.

With earnest hope for the future we enter upon the year 1870, which is the 23rd
year of existence of this Institution.

Respectfully submitted,

LEONARD R. WELLES,
Superintendent,

BUILDINGS ON WARD'S ISLAND.

A brief description of the different buildings on the Island is appended, together
with their size, capacity and uses.

NEW HOSPITAL.

This is the chief building of interest on the Island, having been constructed upon
the most approved plans for promoting perfect ventilation and all necessary comforts
for the sick. It consists of a long corridor 450 feet in length, 2 stories in height,
from which project 5 wings 130 feet long and 25 feet wide, each 2 stories high, ex-
cept the centre wing, which is 3 stories. It is used exclusively for non-contagious
diseases and surgical cases. The corridor affords ample room for exercise for conva-
lescent patients, as well as a connection for the separate wings. The comers of
each wing are flanked with towers which have upon their tops tanks for water; below
and attached to each ward are bath-rooms and water-closets. The rooms are heated

^i

a>

thb

Y

AND

GROUND PLAN OF THE " VERPLANC

NOTK.-

]

A— WARDS.
C— NURSES' .ROOMS.
E— LINEN ROOMS.
G— SANATORIUM?.

I— WATER CL01
-The lower floor of the right-hand Pavilion is appropriated for Commit

Vault for the Records

LANOK " STATE EMIGRANT HOSPITAL.

EBE3 DST O E S :

#

B— DINING ROOMS.

D— SCULLERIES. .

F— HALLS.

H— BATH AND SINK ROOMS.
[R CLOSET ROOMS.

CommiiCee Booms, the Saperintendenrs and Distribiition Offices, and a Fire-proof
e RetDrda of the Institutions.

THE NEW YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS.

45

by hot air, which is forced through registers by a large fan-wheel. The same power'
is used in the summer to secure a cool current of air through the wards. Projecting
from the corridor in an opposite direction from the wings is a fire-proof building
which contains the boilers, three in number, the endues, &c. The cook room, with
18 steam kettles and ranges, where the cooking for the entire Island is done. Above
is the bakery with 4 ovens, of a capacity each of 300 loaves of bread ; also the wash-
ing room, with machinery for washing and wringing the clothing, also 03 wash-tubs.
On the upper floor are the drying and ironing rooms. The building also contains
a basement room for storing flour, and vaults for coal, also dummies for hoisting
purposes. The hospital proper has accommodations for about 350 patients. The
rooms are ventilated by pipes connected with the main chimney, into which the steam
is exhausted, thus forming a perfect and powerful draught. The basement is used
for storage, and, in cases of emergency, as sleeping quarters for Kef uge inmates.

THE NURSERY.

The home of the children is a frame building, three stories and basement, with
Mansard roof, 120 x 90 feet. The basement contains the dining-room, play-room,
and bath-room. The flrst floor, Matron's rooms and sleeping rooms; the second
floor has sleeping rooms, also the school-room and recitation rooms ; the third floor
is mostly occupied by the Catholic Chapel and ante-rooms attached. This building
wa9 completed last year, having been thoroughly renovated and a new roof put on.
The school is conducted by teachers from the city, under the supervision of the Board
of Education, and has every convenience for the comfort of the scholars. The Chapel
was dedicated early in 1868 by Archbishop McCloskey, assisted by a large number of
the clergy, with appropriate ceremonies, in presence of the Commissioners and a
large number of distinguished visitors. It is a neat and commodious room, and will
seat comfortably about 500 persons.

REFUGE BUILDING.

This is a brick building, three stories and basement, with three wings, total size
100 feet by 98 feet. It is used as follows : Basement, for wash and bath rooms and
storage for blankets, bedding, and heavy groceries. First floor, for Steward's de-
partment, with store for Island supplies, Matron's rooms, cutting rooms, also sleeping
rooms. The second and third floors are used entirely as sleeping rooms. It is, as its
name indicates, devoted to refuge or destitute cases, chiefly women and children, and
will accommodate 450 persons.

NEW BARRACKS.

This is a plain brick building, three stories and basement, size, 160 x 44 feet,
with projection in rear, for boiler rooms, bath rooms, &c. It is devoted entirely to
destitute male emigrants. The basement is used for exercise and protection in cold
weather; the three upper floors for sleeping rooms. Each floor is supplied with
water-closets, liath-rooms, &c., and the building is heated with steam. It will accom-
modate 450 persons.

DISPENSARY BUH^DING.

This building is the same in size and appearance as the Nursery building, and
like it, has been completely and thoroughly repaired. The basement is used for

46

Btonge, kitchen, &c. The first floor for Dispensary, Apodiecary, and Clerk's apart-
ments, dining room for officers ; also wash and bath-nxnna. The upper floors furnish
sleeping iqMutments for officers ; also wards for chronic diseases, for nudes. Tbe
capttdtj €ft the building is 250 patientSL

NEW DINING HALL.

This was formerly two stories high, 25 x 125 feet. It has been enlarged by the
addition of another building, of the same size, connected to the old room by arches,
thus giving four rooms, of a total capacity of 10,000 square feet. This is used as a
dining-room for refuge or destitute persons, and will comfortably seat 1,200 people.

FEVER WARDS FOR MALES,

Are four brick buildings, one story and basement, each 25 x 150 feet, with bath-
rooms, kitchens, &c., attached. They have each a capacity of 45 patients.

SURGICAL WARD FOR MALES.

This is a three-story brick building, 25 x 125 feet, and is used for male surgical
cases, and has a capacity of 120 patients.

PROTESTANT CHAPEL BUILDING,

Is a two-story brick building, 25 x 125 feet. The first floor is used as a Medical
ward for women. The upper floor is a Protestant Chapel and reading-room. The
Chapel, in general design and finish, is like the Catholic Chapel. The reading-room
is furnished with a large number of periodicals and papers. The first floor will
accommodate 45 patients.

THE BOYS' BARRACKS.

A two-story brick building — ^will accommodate eighty persons ; size, 25 x 125
feet.

FEVER WARDS FOR FEMALES.

A three-story brick building, 35 x 125 feet ; will accommodate 120 patients. This
building has had a new piazza built in the rear.

LUNATIC ASYLUM,

Is a three-story and basement brick building, 25 x 125 feet in size. The basement
is diyided into close rooms for men or women, while the upper rooms are sleeping
apartments for both sexes. On each side are yards for exercise for patients. This
building will accommodate 125 persons. It is, however, not adapted to the proper
treatment of lunatics, and will be replaced by one suited to the purpose as soon as
practicable.

PHYSICIANS' RESIDENCES,

Three in number, built together, and completed last year ; are substantial brick
houses ; total size, 65 x 45 feet ; three stories and basement.

47

SUPERINTENDENT'S HOUSE,

Three stories and basement, brick, 64 x 75 feet ; has been pnt in good condition,
being mnch ont of repair.

DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT'S HOUSE,
Two stories and basement, frame, 27 x 44 feet ; has been thoroughly repaired.

STORE HOUSE ON DOCK.
Frame bnilding, one story, 28 x 85 feet ; used for storage.

BOAT HOUSE ON THE DOCK.

Frame bnilding, 20 x 30 feet. These last two buildings have been repaired.

The minor buildings consist of carpenter's shop, ice house, dead house, fowl
house, stable, lumber shed, tool house, gardener's house, and workshops.

48

STATISTICS

OP THE

STATE EMIGRANT REFUGE AND HOSPITAL,

WARD'S ISLAND.

1869.

Number of inmates in Institution, January 1st, 1869 2,001

" *' admitted during the year 11,471

Number of births during the year 439

Total number cared for 13,911

Number discharged during the year 11,356

Number of deaths in Kefuge and Hospital 596

11,952

Number remaining on 31st of December, 1869 1,959

Number of days spent in Hospital 254,271

** ** " Refuge 288,777

Total number of days spent in both 543,048

49

NUMBER OF DAILY ADMISSIONS

DURING THE YEAR 1869.

r
1

•

OD

&

a

<M

o
1 6

1

1
! January.

•

February. i

•

1

25

•

24

•

20

•3
36

1
I August.

•

I

S September.

1

o

15

1

21

1
1

27

1

•

3

1

1

1

25

25

2

37

21

25

22

• • • •

32

46

20

20

38

24

83

3

• • ■ •

27

39

22

25

63

13

72

21

• • • •

50

52

4

53

23

20

• • • •

17

47

• • • •

36

15

21 1 40

33

5

27

17

23

19

30

60

• • • •

15

• • • •

21

22

• • • •

6

29

25

19

52

45

• • • •

68

25

25

19

62

59

1

7
8

89
29

as

24
46

25
43

65
66

31

• • ■ ■

42
41

28
45

.... 93
50 56

19

45

16

9

55

36

54

23

• • • •

37

25

32

32

48

49 1 75

1

10

• • • •

31

14

12

32

36

21

19

21

• • • V

27

48

1

11

35

28

29

• • • •

36

51

• • • •

35

34

51

39 71

12

33

18

38

10

57

16

23

37

• • • •

73

26

• • • •

13

26

27

45

45

87

• • • •

59

20

27

65

21

85

14
15

23
34

14
17

34
80

34
33

67
44

23

• • • •

29
27

26

16

79

1

15

. . . .
25

19 88

16

21

25

19 1 28

' • • •

60

70

21

29

25

33

60

1

17

• • • •

26

18 42

18

92 41

21

43

....! 50

45

1

18

45

21

42 ....

26

19

.... 36

30

21 ! 38

57

1
1

19

60

17

26 35

14

74

24

30

• • • •

42 I 27

• • • •

20

35

26

17 28

32

• • • •

37

21

10

42 ! 36 43

1

21
22

60
30

1

26
32

56

82

30
36

39
23

35

• • • •

34
49

28 .... 67

1

1

6 1

26

15 63

57

23

21

22

29 15

• • • •

32

18

25

27

29 61

44

1

1

24

• • • •

19

26 ; 13

33

33

26

29

43

....

62

74

25

24

31

20 ....

28

54

• • • •

60

23

20 j 65

26

1

26

44

26 '

28

6

45

22

25

34

• • • •

67 1 45

• • • •

t

1

27

38

23

19

22

23

• * • •

22

21

57

28 ' 71

47

1

28
29

21
21

t

35

17

94
52

41
63

20
32

26

• • • • ■

49
23

43 L...
43 ;i46

69
76

1

1

• • • •

27

30

26

• • • •

49

20

• • • •

27

33

23 1 37

36 108

57

1

31

20
767

• • • •

629

48
1088

39 35 1

94
1665

1

11,471

916

554

1

1

• * ' *i

Totel,.

1080

1

982

782

848

905

1255

1

so

SEX, AGE AND DISTRIBUTION OP THE ADMITTED PERSONS.

1869.

REX.

AGE.

DISTRIBUTION.

MONTH.

'Females.

Males.

Adults.

Children

between

land 12

years.

Infants

under

1 year.

Hospital.

1
Refuge.

January

February , . .

March

April

May

June

July

August

September . .

October

November. . .
December. . .

TotAl

1 '—1^ —

247
137
237
256
532
498
449
300
324
392
439
330

669
417
530
373
556
582
533
482
524
513
816
1335

787
517
639
512
760
728
727
631
669
660
999
1498

109
23

108
96

281

293

•

217
117
146
193
210
135

20
14
20
21
47
59
38
34
33
52
46
32

470
294
394
324
476
414
432
460
475
407
545
424

446
260
373
305
612
666
550
322
373
498
710
1241

4141

7330

9127

1928

416

5115

6356

11,471

11,471

11,471

51

NATivrrr of the admitted persons.

Name of Country.

No. Name of Country.

Germany 4,926

Ireland 8,681

England 889

Sweden 663

Switzerland 223

Scotland 171

Bohemia 138

Denmark 102

France 97

Wales 97

Poland 87

Norway 58

Holland 50

Belgium 46

Russia 80

Italy

Portugal. . . ,

Mexico

Spain ,

West Indies.

Cuba

China

Nova Scotia.
Hcmgary . . .

Malta

East Indies.

No.

14

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

United States 183

Total 11,471

PORTS THE ADMITTED PERSONS SAILED FROM.

Name of Port.

No.

Liverpool 5,636

Bremen 2,684

Hamburg 1,374

Glasgow 520

Havre 438

London 292

Antwerp 173

Copenhagen 105

Unknown 11

Londonderry * 10

Gothenburg

Rotterdam

Havanna

Southampton

Rio Janeiro

Falmouth

Cape of Grood Hope.
Windsor

7
6
5
4
3
2
2
2

Name of Port.

No.

Ciudad

Trieste

Acapulco

Halifax

Cow Bay

Cardenas

Femandina

Shanghai

Christiana

Vera Cruz

Gibraltar

Montigo Bay

Aspinwall

Palermo

United States 183

Total 11,471

YEAR OF ARRIVAL OF THE ADMITTED PERSONS— 1869.

Month.

1864

is^.":;

1866

1867

1868

1869

1
Unknown. U.S.

Total.

January

February

March

30

19

18

18

4

15

7

8

2

1

35
27
27
39
29
29
26
29
39
21
31
75

80
49
51
44
54
40
58
54
65
47
72
125

170

132

100

84

80

68

86

74

96

95

121

184

270

220

168

113

93

91

97

116

117

102

123

239

821

97

392

317

815
817
684
491
517
619
892
1,023

2

10
10
11
19
13
19
22
15
14
19
13
18

916
554

767

April

629

May

1,088

1,080

982

June

July

" J •••••••••••

August

September

October

November

December

782

848

905

1,255

1,665

Total

112

407

789

1,290

1,749

6,985

6

183

11,471

58

NUICBEB OF DAILY BISCHARGfiS.

DUBIKG THB Y£AK 1869.

1
No. of Days.

January.

g

1

•

<
44

•

4

•

g

15

39

■

1

<

• * • •

1

46

1

O
18

1

1

75

j

49

1

a

o

1 1

114

49

2

20

36

21

17

• • • •

64

18

54

24

10

25

49

3

• • • •

49

76

26

61

51

13

29

16

• • • •

19

66

4

87

42

27

• • • •

16

40

• • • •

20

6

68

20

9

5

47

8

9

145

16

29

43 j 41

• • • •

44

22

• • • •

6

29

17

11

43

36

•
• ■ • •

50

29

77

15

22

103

1 7
! 8

34

15

19
33

18

84

43
34

24 . 14

16
14

• • • •

73

38
30

99

36

7 29

• • • •

21

9

34

36

36

31

• • • •

49

48

60

34

17

23

41

10

• • • •

16

12

16

71

19

12

38

25

. . . .

21

49

11

56

45

47

• • • •

15

33

m m • •

33

6

92

20

14

12

22

22

19

87

10

12

83

20

• • • •

16

33

• • • •

^ 13

31

32

6

30

27

• • • •

31

26

98

30

4

139

1

14

34
32

29

21

24
22

75
45

28
31

5

• • • >

18
36

32
56

* • • •

114

24
34

15

66

130

, 16

18

59

74

24

• • • »

46

47

67

13

14

18

30

17

• • • •

25

29

11

90

22

19

20

24

• • • ■

12

29

, 18

43

34

43

• • • *

29

30

• • • •

22

12

112

• 7

23

19

27

28

17

73

46

19

113

'18

• • • •

32

25

• • • ■

20

41

9

11

25

31

■ • • •

32

9

82

14

10

138

21
• 22

14
33

23

13

17
22

63
30

42
42

8

• • «

25

14

16
35

• • •

85

53

12

50

162

23

8

14

14

8

• « • •

49

20

74

25

2

17

39

24

• • • •

11

33

6

100

18

8

23

12

• • ■ ■

25

16

25

80

39

34

• • • •

63

34

• • • •

13

12

60

33

2

i 26

23

9

14

72

37

19

96

19

• • • •

19

65

* • •

, 27

25

11

22

31 37 1

• • • •

36

28

73

35

10

102

' 28

33
27

19 . 21 ;i28

20
20

5

• • • •

25
19

31
30

• • • •

108

50
36

1 29

• • • •

73

25

12

44

30

6

• • • •

94

27

• • ■ •

36

22

71

38

16

15

40

31

69
1168

• • •

898

108
940

• • • •

1083

14
1004

20

776

42
125';

1

819

S71

795

844

901

1 Total..

11,356

53

MONTHLY DISCHARGES.

MONTH.

Jannaiy . .
February .
March. . . ,

April.

May

Jane

July

August. . .
September
October. .
November
December.

Total

FEMALE&

371
195
265
330
434
567
471
332
317
371
326
397

4^76

MALES.

548
676
903
568
506
516
533
444
478
473
575
860

7,080

TOTAL.

819
871

1,168
898
940

1,083

1,004
776
795
844
901

1,257

11,356

TABLE
Showing the WeeJdy Average Number of Inmates during the year 1869.

Week
ending.

No. of
Pereons.

Jan. 9 2,053

» 16 2,024

" 23 2,101

'* 30 2,070

Feb. 6....' 1,933

*' 13 1,882

" 20 1,726

" 27 1,724

March 6 1,682

** 13 1,741

" 20 1,577

"27 1,441

April 3 1,274

" 10 1,145

** 17 1,098

*' 24 1,098

May 1 1,048

*' 8 1,077

»' 15 1,235

« 22 1,227

** 29 1,236

Jane 5 1,196

»' 12 1,178

*» 19 1,239

" 26 1,220

July 3 1,176

" 10 1,178

July 17 1,235

"• 24 1,143

"• 31 1,101

Aug. 7 1,105

'' 14 i,oas

" 21 1,090

" 28 1,117

Sept 4 1,113

*' 11 1,137

" 18 1,118

" 25 1,135

Oct. 2 1,175

9 1,188

• " 16 1,204

" 23 1,166

** 30 1,193

Nov. 6 1,233

** 13 1,273

" 20 1,285

** 27 1,416

Dec. 4 1,566

" 11 1,690

** 18 1,826

** 25 1,877

'* 31 1,959

Total weekly average 1,384

54

TABLE

Showing ihe Products of the Farm, atUiched U> the IntUtution (U WartFs Idandy

and value of the eame^ for the year 1869.

DESORIPTION OP
PRODUCE.

QUANTITY.

ILAHXET
VALUE.

AMOUNT.

Asparaifus

260 pounds

60 bushels

75 "

1,000 "

1,500 **

150 " in ear..
100 "

4 "

600 "

220 "

700 "

1,700 "

8 ''

150* "

400 *'

600 *'

38,000 heads

12,000 "

2,000 " *

100 "

20 tons

$00 12

2 60

80

60

60

80

60

50

60

2 00

1 20

90

60

60

70

80

5

5

1

10

25 00

25 00

1 20

15

10

$31 20
156 00
60 00
600 00 '
900 00 1
120 00 1

60 00 ;

2 00

360 00

440 00

840 00

1,530 00

4 80

90 00

280 00

480 00

1,900 00

600 00

20 00

10 00 ;

500 00
200 00
30 00 1
206 25 j
659 50
250 00
280 00 !

25 00 ;

1

BeaDS

« Lima

Beets.

Carrots

Com, Sweet

** Yellow

Cucumbers

Mangel Wurtzel

Onions

Parsnips

Potatoes

Peppers

Spinach

Tomatoes

Turnips

CabbaiFe

Celery

Lettuce

Squash

Hay

Straw

8 "

Oats

25 bushels

1,375 pounds

6,595 quarts

Pork

MUk

Manure

Ice

280 tons

Herbs

Total...

110,634 75

ANNUAL REPORTS

OF THE

PHYSICIAN-IN-CHIEF AND SURGEON-IN-CHIEF

OP THE

STATE EMIGEAirr HOSPITALS, WAED'S ISLAND.

New Yosk State Emigbant Refuge and Hospital,)

Jan, Ut, 1870. |

To the President and Board of CommMsioners of Emigration :

Gentlemen — I have the honor to submit the subjoined Keport for the year
ending December 31st, 1869.

Remaining in the Hospital 31st December, 1868 779

Admitted since 6,838

Bom 439

Total 8,056

Discharged 6,718

Died 562

Total 7,280

Remaining in Hospital December 3l8t, 1869 776

Mortality per centage being 6.98

270 of the deaths were children under 12 years of age.

Average number daily in Hospital 754

" " " of deaths 1.50

" "of days spent by patients who died 51

Number of days spent in Hospital 254,271

The above figures, taken from the annexed statistics, include all those admitted to
Hospital, whether medical, surgical, obstetrical, or lunatic, and show that in all these
departments 8,056 persons have been treated, of whom 562 died.

In the Refuge or Dispensary department many cases remain from one end of the
year to the other, and frequently during that time apply for treatment and advice.

In this department have been treated 2,455

Vaccinated 960

Total 3,415

58

STATISTICS OF THE STATE EMIGRANT REFUGE AND HOSPITAL

For the Tear ending December dl«^ 1869.

Remaining Dec. 31st, 1868...
Admitted

OVER 12 YEARS.

1

UNDER IS YE A EH.

TOTAL.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

250

1806

■ « •

401
4027

• • • •

40
456
201

88
549
238

1
1

779 '
6838
439

Bom

•

Total

2056

4428

697

875

8056

Discharged

1726
88

3800
204

525
126

667

144

6718
562

Died

Total

1814

4004

651

811

7280

R-emaining Dec. 31st, 1869. . .

242

424

46

64

776

Of those who died 292 were over 12 years of age.
** '* 166 between 12 and 1.

'* " 104 under 1 year. .

Total 562

Per centage of mortality.

6.98

59

REPORT OF THE LUNATIC ASYLUM.

December ^Ut, 1869.

Females.

Males.

TOTAL.

Remaining December Slat, 1868

69
87
15

42
95
14

Ill

182

29

Admitted since

Admitted from Medical Wards

Treated

171

151

322

Discharged cured or improved

57
13

8
12

1

59

8

23

4

1

116

21

31

16

2

'* to Blackweirs Island

Transferred to Medical Wards

Died

Eloped

Total

91

95

186

Remaining December 31st, 1869

80

56

136

Increase over last year

• • • •

28

• • • •

The deaths in this Department were of the following diseases

Diarrhoea Chronica 8

Dysenteria Acuta.

Cholera Morbus

Typhomania.

Exhanstio

Epilepsia

. Tuberculosis Fulmonum 2

Morbus Cordis 1

Total.

16

60

Di»ea*e» of PatietUt Admitted.

Abscessos

58

" Mammw ,,.,,....

15

" Axilla

" Genu

" Manua

" Pedis

" Falmaris

*' Brachii

Angina Catarrhalis

Anthrax

3
1
1

15

27

1
4
4

Alcoholismns

Asthma

11

4

Amaurosis <.

15

Anchylosis

2

Abortio

2

Apoplexia

1

Buboes

.... 124

Bronchitis

.... 122

Bursitis

2

Cholera Morbus

2

Congelatio Pedum

15

" Manus

'* Difidtorum

2
2

" Auricula

Comeitis

1
15

Chlorosis

5

Combustio

23

Chorea St. Viti

2

Contusio

48

" Costa

" Tibia

'* Ilii

1
1
1

" OcuU

" Capitis

'* Fn.ntis

4

11
1

*' Nasi

Coxitis

1
6

Caries Femoris

Cephalalgia

9
52

Conjunctivitis

Cynanche Trachealis

.... 187
1

Cellulitis

8

Carcinoma Uteri

1

Colica Saturnina

6

Cardialsna

8

o'"

Cataracta

6

Cystitis

1

Uiarrhoea

.... 573

Dysenteria

84

Debilitas

30

Dementia

.... 116

Delirium Tremens

2

Dyphtheria

5

Dyspepsia

6

Dysuria

.... 1

Dentitio

1

Cczema

.. .. 14

Erysipelas

29

Erysipelas Capitis 2

Epilepsia 20

Excoriatio 7

Emphysema Pulmonum 6

Erythema 2

Exhaustio 3

Entropium 3

Elephantiasis 1

Febris Catarrhalis 322

" Intermittens 472

" Typhoidea 596

" Typhus 100

Furunculosis 35

Fractura Brachii 3*

" Radii 11

" Digiti 3

" Digitorum Comp 7

** Clavicula 4

" Scapula 1

" Tibia Comp 3

* * Tibia et Ulna Comp. ... 1

" Tibia 13

** Femoris 5

" Costa 1

" Ulna 2

Fistula Ani 6

Graviditas 27

Gronorrhoea 161

Gonorrhoea et Orchitis 13

Grastralgia 13

Gastritis 5

Hypochondria 3

Hernia Ing 15

Hydrocephalus 1

Hepatitis 8

Hysteria 15

Hamoptysis 6

Hamorrhoides 7

Hydrocele 3

Herpes 6

Hypertrophia Cordis 2

Helminthiasis. 1

Hemiplegia 1

Intractabilitas 4

Inertia 2

Incontinentia Urina 1

Imbecillitas Mentalis 10

Injuria 4

'' Digiti 4

" Manus 1

" Dorsi 3

" Pedis 2

" Malleoli 7

" Capitis 4

" Carpi ,.. 3

" Genu 1

" Tibia 1

" Oculi 1

61

2

12

10

3

1

58

3

2

1

3

2

1

8

13

4

6

17

1

3

2

3

1

1

5

23

11

13

4

18

11

Ophthalmia Fnrnlenta 120

" Tarsi 15

** Catarrhalig 25

(Edema Pedum 46

Obstipatio 5

Odontalgia 3

Puerperium 479

Post Partum i 63

Paronychia 60

Pneumonia 29

Pertussis 7

Pneumotyphus * 4

Psoriasis 9

" Syphilitica 2

Pleuritis 19

Paralysis 7

Parotitis 8

Phagedsenia 1

Periostitis 10

Iritis

*' SyphiUtica.. . .

Insolatio

Icterus

Kyphosis Pottii . . .

Lumbago

Lencorrhoea

Laceratio Perinei. .

Lepra

Lnxatio Feraoris. .
« Malleoli. .

Lupus

Melancholia

Morbus Cordis

Brightii . .

Spinalis . .

Mania

Monomania

Morsus Carrinus.. .

Meuorrha^

Masturbatio

Marasmus

Mutitas Surdorum.

Mentagra.

Neuralgia

Nostalgia

Orchitis

" Syphilitica.

Otitis

Ottorrhoea

Prolapsus. Uteri.

Perityphlitis

Phymosis

Paraphymosis. . ,
Rheumatismus. .

Rubeola

Rupia

Roseola

Scrof ulosis

Scarlatina

Scabies

Surditas

3

1

10

1

287

231

2

2

28

34

261

88

Syphilis Prim 245

** Secund 100

" Tert 13

Simnlatio 5

Synovitis 22

Senectus 7

Scorbutus 16

Strictura Urethrae.. 7

Sequelae Variolarum 63

Stomatitis 3

Spermatorrhoea 1

Tinea Capitis 12

Torticollis 1

Tonsillitis. 51

Tussis 7

Tuberculosis Pulmonum Ill

Typhomania 2

Ulcera Pedis 73

" Cruris 170

" Varicosa 12

*' Capitis 1

" Faciei 1

" Manus 6

" Digiti 2

'* Phagedsenica 1

Urticaria 4

Vulnus Sclopetarium, 1

Manus , . . 9

Frontis. 3

« Digiti 7

" Pedis 2

« Capitis 6

Vegetationes Syphiliticaj 21

Vitium Cordis 7

Variola. 1

Venae Varicosae 4

Apoplexia Cerebri,
Bronchitis Acuta. ,
Cholera Morbus. . .
Infantum. ,

u

Diseases of {hose who Died.

Carcinoma Ventriculi.
Convulsiones

Congestio Pulmonum
Dyptheria

1
1
1
4
2
3
1
9

Delirium Tremens. . . .
Dysenteria Acuta

** Chronica . .
Diarrhcea

" Chronica. . . .
Debilitas Congenitalis.

Eclampsia

Exhaustio

1

27

23

25

71

2

1

7

62

Erysipelas Capitis

Epilepsia.

Emphysema Fulmonnm . . .

Enterohelcosis

Febris Typhus

*' Typhoidea

Gangrsena Penis ,

" et Congelatio. . .

Gastritis

Hydrocephalus

Hydrothorax

Hypertrophia Cordis

Hffimorrhagia

Inanitio

Meningitis

** Cerebro-Spinalis
Morbus Brightii

2

7
1
2

23

55
1
1
1
1
2
7
2

30
5
1

17

Morbus Cordis ,

" Spinalis

Metro-Peritonitis

Marasmus

Senilis

Pyaemia

Prsematuritas

Pneumonia

Pneumotyphus

Parotitis

Pericarditis ,

Rubeola

Syphilis Congenitalis... .

Scarlatina.

Tuberculosis Pulmonum.

Trismus Neonatorum

Uraemia

11
1
3
1
1
8

16

20
3
2
1

63
8
8

75
3
1

Na4imty of those Admitted.

Germany 2,891

Ireland 2,229

England 478

Sweden 399

Switzerland 161

France 87

Denmark 77

Scotland 55

Bohemia. 51

Poland 49

Belgium 41

Holland 31

Norway. 22

Wales 21

Russia

Italy

Spain

Portugal

Cuba.

West Indies

Mexico

Hungary

Nova Scotia.

New South Wales
China

15

10

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

United States 212

Total.

6,838

NaHvity of those who Died.

Germany 172

Ireland 124

Sweden 80

England 28

Switzerland 15

Norway. 9

Holland 6

Denmark 5

Bohemia 5

Scotland 4

Poland 3

France ,

Belgium

Russia ,

Mexico

West Indies . .

Spain

China ,

United States.

3
2

10

Total.

562

63

New York State EMiGRAirr Hospital, )
Ward's Island, January Ut, 1870. J

To the President and Board of Commissioners of JSmigration :

Gentlemen, — ^I have the honor to sahmit the Annual Report of the Snrgical
Department, for the year ending December Slst, 1869.

The whole number of cases treated was 2,360 ; the number cured and discharged,
2,125 ; and the number of deaths, 30 ; making a per centage of only 1.27 on the
whole number treated. This fact speaks very creditably for the sanitary condition of
the Surgical Department, and goes far to prove the advantages the Ward's Island
Hospitals possess in having combined, with all the improvements of the Verplanck
Hospital, the natural and desirable adjuncts of space, pure air, and garden lands fo
the convalescent to recuperate in.

Hie arrangement of the State Emigrant's Hospital, with its many isolatea
bnildings, fairly exemplifies the type of separate and small country Hospitals, the
necessity of which is a much mooted question with Hospital Sanitarians at presen
in Europe.

The general character of the cases admitted during the year has been interesting.
Many serious accidents and bad eompound fractures have been treated with successful
conservative results — only one of the latter class entidling the necessiiy of loss of
limb — ^gangrene and hemorrhage in this case admitting of no hope, except by imme-
diate amputation.

The Wards have been, as usual, free from Hospital Gangrene. Purulent Oph-
thalmia, as an epidemic, was only encountered once during the year, and its progress
was speedily checked by energetic treatment.

The deaths in the Ophthalmic Department occurred among children who, while
under treatment for Ophthalmia, were attacked by other diseases incident to
childhood.

Much praise is due to your Honorable Board who, through the energetic Chair-
man of ths Ward's Island Committee, Mr. Cyrus H. Lontrel, have made many im-
provements on Ward's Island, which are manifested, not alone to the public eye, but
are known to the Medical Staff as being very conducive to the general welfare of the
inmates.

I beg to express my thanks to the Superintendent, Leonard R. Welles, who has
cordially co-operated with me in all things appertaining to the hygiene and discipline
of the Hospital.

I desire to acknowledge my high appreciation of the competent and zealous
manner in which my assistant, Dr. Dwyer, has discharged the onerous duties devol-
ving on him, which, of late, have* compelled him, reluctantly, to for^o the services
which he has for several years voluntarily rendered to the Medical Department,hiB
own obligations in the surgical wards being such as to require his undivided
attention.

Very respectfully,

J. M. CARNOCHAN.

64

STATISTICAL REPORT OF THE SURGICAL DEPARTMENT,

FOB THE YEAS ENDINQ DBCEMBEB 31, 1869.

^maming in Hospital December Slst, 1868. 231

Admitted since 1,949

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards 180

2,360-

Discharged during the year 1,987

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards 108

Died 30 2,125

Remaining December 31, 1869 235

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 1.27

« " Discharged 1.50

General Suboebt.

RemaJTiiTig in Hospital December 3 1 st, 1 868 1 19

Admitted since 921

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards 64

1,104

IMscharged during the year 917

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards 47

Died 14 978

Remaining December 31,1869 126

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 1.26

« ** Discharged 1.45

Ophthalmic.

Remaining in Hospital December 31st, 1868. 48

Admitted since 475

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards 40

563

Discharged daring the year 470

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards •. 32

Died 11 513

Remaining December 31, 1869 50

Per centage of Mortality on Treated 1.95

" •* Discharged 2,19

65

SYFHiLrnc.

Hemamlng in Hospital December 31st, 1868. , 64

Admitted since. 563

Admitted by transfer from Medical Wards ^ 76

693

Discharged during the year 600

Discharged by transfer to Medical Wards 29

Died 5 634

Remaining December, 1869. 59

Per centage of Mortality on Treated. 72

** " Discharged 79

J. M. CARNOCHAN,

Surgeon-in- Chief,
January, 1870.

9

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

mttjd %9[ttit mb Bn^txivAmhmt

-♦♦♦■

Emigrant Landing Depot and Offices of the Commis'bs >
OF Emigbation of the State of New York. j

Castle Garden, Ifew York, Jan. 16, 1870.

Hon. Gulian C. Verplanck,

President of the Board of Commissioners of Emigration :

Sir — Herewith I beg leave to present the Statistics of this Department for the
year ending December 31st, 1869.

During the year, under the direction of the Castle Garden Committee, many re-
pairs and additions have been made to the buildings in the Landing Depot. The
whole of that portion of the Dock devoted to the weighing, checking and *' loading
up" of emigrants' baggage has been enclosed so as to furnish shelter to the owners
during the process. A Waiting Boom has also been arranged on the Dock for the
use of emigrants intending to proceed by rail, and suitable buildings have been pro-
vided for the officers of the Landing Agent, the Police, and the Custom House
Inspectors. A new Baggage Room has been constructed, covering an area of about
25,000 square feet. It is solidly floored in concrete, and gives ample space for the
secure storage of all the luggage of arriving emigrants. Under the direction of
Commissioner Bissinger, Chairman of the Castle Garden Conmiittee, a temporary
Hospital has been fitted up for emigrant patients who may be too ill for immediate
transportation to Ward's Island. It contains a male and female ward, with eight
beds in each, an orderly and nurses' room, and a room for the Physician whose
attendance may be required during the night. It is well ventilated and lighted, and
provided with water closets and wash stands and all necessary hospital appliances.
This temporary Hospital supplies a need long felt, and its usefulness is commensurate
with its necessity.

67

Besides these additions, the Rotiinda has been pat in complete repair, and a new
wooden Balcony constracted aroand the oatside of the bnilding. This Balcony is
enclosed with a high picket fence to prevent intrusion, and makes a pleasant place
for the exercise of emigrants who may be temporarily detained in the Landing Depot.
The ground in front of the baggage delivery and at the gate where the railroad tracks
take np the baggage of emigrants has also been paved.

On the buildings at the Landmg Depot there is now an insurance of (45,000 in
various Companies, and the Bailroad Agency, moreover, is required to keep the bag^
gage of emigrants in their charge insured for $30,000. The premises are also pro-
tected at night by a force of nine watchmen under charge of a captain, who remain
on duty from 6 P. M. to 6 A. M.

The reorganization of the several departments of the Landing Depot by the Castle
Garden Committee has greatly facilitated the transaction of the business, and much
benefit has resulted from the promulgation by the Committee of the order for the
government of persons admitted to the Depot The introduction of the telegraph
has also proved of great service in enabling emigrants to communicate, at once on
landing, with their friends at a distance, so saving time to them and often expense
to the Comnussion. Not the least of its benefits is that it permits them to do this
without leaving the Depot and becoming exposed^ to the rapacity of Boarding-house
runners. The increase in the amount of money sent to the care of this Department
in anticipation of the arrival of emigrants, by their friends, (these amounts being
$50,549 49 in 1869 to $41,333 55 in 1868, and $40,992 64 in 1867), shows a growing
and gratifying confidence in the Commission.

Much trouble continues to result from the unsatisfactory condition of police
arrangements at the Landing Depot. The force detailed is entirely too small to
guard the premises properly, or in any way thoroughly to perform the duties
assigned to it. Besides, the officers appointed for this service, being selected
arbitrarily, without reference to their fitness, prove often inefficient and careless.
This is illustrated in the case of the girl Johanna Downs, who was enticed from the
Labor Exchange in October of last year, by the keeper of a brothel, through the
negligence of the police officer stationed at the door, whose duty it was to scrutinize
all persons entering or leaving the Exchange with a view to prevent just such occur-
rences. Until this defect is remedied emigrants will remain liable to much annoy-
ance and some danger, which an adequate police force alone can prevent.

Another unexpected difficulty presented itself during the year in respect to appli-
cations for relief in bastardy cases. It has been decided by one of the Police Justices,
and again on appeal by the Becorder of the City, that the application for inquiry
into the facts which in all such aises it is customary to address to the proper ma-
gistrate, and the form of which itf prescribed bylaw, can be signed byaConmiissioner

68

only after personal inyestigatioii. Snoe 1847 it has been Hie practioe to agn these
applications on bhmks, so as to have them ready for nse as occasion arises. They are
the merest formalities, make no charges, mentkm no names except that of the bastard's
mother, and can do no possible injury. Hiey are not requisitions for arrest, as they
haye been erroneously styled ; they do not ask for the issuing of a warrant ; they
simply notify the Police Justices of the City and County of the act of bastardy, and
request them to make inquiry thereof pursuant to the prorisions of the Reyised
Statutes. In these cases the promptest action is often necessary to secure the arrest
of the bastard's father before he can escape frmn the junsdicticm of the State, and
the delay consequent on securing the attendance and serrices of a Conmiissioner to
perform a merely nominal aad yicarious duty must often result in injustice.

The action of the Custom House Inspectors stationed at Castle Garden to examine
emigrants* Inggage, has caused much dissatisfaction and many complaints. The
property of emigrants, it is alleged, is seized on slight pretext and either confiscated
or detained so long as to subject the owner to great expense and loss of time in se-
curing its rdease. As the present Inspectors speak only English, Continental emi-
grants find great difficulty in ascertaining what articles are dutiable or for what
amount. From this ignorance great hardship often results. • The Collector and Sur-
yeyor of the Port haye been appealed to, and haye promised to remedy this injustice.

Notwithstanding the increased immigration, the business of the Landing Depot,
owing to improyements in offices and oi^anization, has been transacted with fadlitj
and despatch. The Chairman of the Castie Grarden Committee, Comndssioner
Bissinger, has deyoted much time and attention to this department, as haye also the
other members of the Committee.

The annexed Reports of the heads of the seyeral departments present in tabular
form the statistical results of the business for the year.

Respectfully submitted,

BERNARD CASSERLY,

General Agent and 8upenntendeni,

69

BoABDiNO Station, )

Quarantine, S. L, Janws/ry 5<A, 1870. j"

B. Casseblt, Esq.,

Qeneral Agemt and Superintendent of the Commissioners of Emigration
of New York,

Snt — ^I have the honor to submit in the annexed Tables the Heport of this
Boarding Station of all vessels bringing alien passengers from European ports to the
port of New York, daring the year 1869.

The total number of immigrants amounts to 257,528; on 504 steamships,
229,190, and 28,333 on 209 sailing vessels, while the number in 1868 was 212,402,
to wit : on sailing vessels 31,953, and steamships 180,449, which is an increase of
45,121, or about 17^ per cent, over the number of steerage passengers who arrived at
the port during the year 1868.

While there were in 1868 15 per cent, of the number of passengers carried by
sailing vessels, there were so carried in 1869 only 11 per cent., showing a further
decrease of 4 per cent, in favor of steamships. '

In consequence of this we have also a corresponding decrease in the number of
deaths, which fell from 593 of last year to 348 in 1869.

It is true no epidemic disease prevailed during the year, if we except the usual
cases of small-pox and fever, and these were comparatively few in number. With
the exception of the ship James Foster, Jr., which arrived March 11th, there were
no serious complaints made, either in regard to ill treatment or attendance.

Constant improvements are being introduced on steamers, the regulations for
the condact of their officers towards passengers are now most stringent, and as a
consequence complaints are daily diminishing.

For the statistics of immigration for the past year I beg to refer to the subjoined
tables.

I have the honor to remain your most obedient servant,

FREDERICK KASSNER,

Chief Boarding Officer,

70

1.

Table Showing the Number of Passengers brought by Sailing and Steam Vessds
and the Comparative Mortality and Births on the voyage, for the year 1869.

i Port of

SAniTNG.

1

SPECIFICATION.

Stbaxships.

Sailing Ybssbls.

Total.

w

S

•

o
6

• • • •

71

g

OQ

p £

O

1

s

OD

•
OD

1

OD

Q
6

• • • • '

30

•
CD

OQ

>

•

o
55

1

IS

1

be V

1^

n

1

1

Q

• • •

1
•g

•

o

Jz;

1"

i

GQ

1

1

1

o
Q

, Antwerp....

Bristol

I Bremen

1 r*or)i7

36
'6,751

3,454

' 34*018

3

• • •

30

6

1

59

8

4

6
3

79
8
4

64

13

1

180
3

4

60

4

6

38
78

7

34
81
389
9
3
1
3
2
1
1

10
8
3
1
3
1

43

3

6,830

8

4

1,382

13

4

3,620

5,425

132

878

5i

11,378

13

3

3

4

3

1

4

34

11

3

1

8

3

2518
46*699

4

• • • •

54

6l

lii'

• • • •

11,681

34

81

' v/aaiz. ......

Cardiff

Glasgow ....

• ■ • >

60

* i',388

' 83,516

■ • ■

14

• • • •

37

4

• • •

* • • •

4

3.3,616

4

137

83

33,697

6,139

9,080

3,836

134,358

81

407

14

'27";

1

4

6

3

30

• • • •

13

4

1

8

• . • •

4

137

32

5,317

- • • •

• • •

■ ■ •

■ • •

35
...

• • • •

• • • •

• • • ■

31
....

1 vriLUTaiMU . . ..

1 ^^ATl/^O

• • •

. • • •

46

• • • •

8

7
60

■ • ■ •

■ • • •

58
11

13'

....1

1 vjenua . • . • .
1 Havre

Hamburg . . .
I Kopenhagen

London via
1 Havre

London

j Liverpool . . .

36

58

7

34

3,619

5,417

133

878

^',880
5,129

9,080

30

• • •

2

37
11

13

31

40

9

3

1
1
3
1
1
8
3
3
1
3
1

51

37

13

8

3

• • • •

8
1
4
38
11
3
1
3
3

3,835

7,763

31

407

7
9

9
17

349

11,351

136,589

51

96

Londonderry

jxLeBDina. ....
Malaga

1

4

1
3

1
3

50

38

, ., .1

JM apies ......

50
4

• • • » •

Palermo

3

1

34

QTinvn.Tiii

mnyma . • • • •
Qpvillp

• • *

• • • *

• • • • • •

'Frinaf a

i. riUBLe

Newcastle..

• • •

•■•••«

•*"l

Total

1,

504

39,471

239,190

110

310

309

373

28,833

76

188

718

89.744 357,533

186|348 1

Table SAowing 0U Number of Pattengen brought by Sailing and Steam V&tdi,
and Iht OomparaUve Mortality and Births on the voyage, for tht year 1869.

KKCAPITULAT

lOB.

HONTHi.

ST«A«ailIK.

Sitiran VEaaEi.s. Toui,

i'\

3

1

I

i

H

i

i

^|ii

II

6

Si

= 1

1

I'li

3l

II

1

i
?

1.4T0

Ti

4,MT

S.:;:.:;:

Dawmbor...

\,Vft

Jl

fl: l,StiO, 3

H| Bl

1.«1

«

HUU

Total

604

»n«l

£39,100

110 21U

ao9

273laB,a83j T6

188jj T13

811.744, aW.6SS

ISO

348

4G1

W.BK

180,4«B

mm

9UII

94i:<a,u53 m

as,i7B. ai».«s

IBS

593

48.™

DeclnlSSB.

IS

S4fi

1

1

i

Tablk Showing the Port* of Oiearanee and Names of Comigneet and Agent* of
8leam*hip Line*, and Number of Paiiengers, Birtha and Death*.

Poet thbiue fbok.

i

a

h

■si

^

1

CoBBioNiis an AeanTS.

w

w

1

El

1,388
8, MB

'■ffi

8T8

1

4;^

17

33

JDbn G. Dale.
Oelrlch* * Co.
ThielcMotzACo. 1

HeDdorson Brothere.
Rugir Brothers.

F. W. J. Huret
WUliama & Gnion.

40. lU
331411

30

......

IB

la

41

tondoti,Tl»HaTTC...

Habeaawl Palermo..

B04

S8,«I0

238.480

110

»

t '^

72

IV.

Table Showing the Karnes cf Steamers arrived at ike Port of New
York, Number of Trips made and of Passengers landed^ and
the Births and Deaths during the voyage.

No. of
Trips.

4
2

6

7

4
6
7
6
6
7
5
4
7
6

65

1
2

8

Names OF STBAifBAs Ami of

LlKBS AND WHBBB FBOX.

b^rom: -ajn"twb3ri».

INMAK LIKE.

City of DubUn

City of Limerick

Total

mjROM: BREIVIEN-.

THIELE, MOTZ & CO.

Smidt

NOBTH GEBMAN LLOYD.
OELBICHB & CX).

America

Bremen

Donau.

Deatschland

Hermann

Hansa.

Main

New York

Rhein

Union.

Weser

Total

FROM OOPENHAaEN.

BUGEB BBOTHEBS.

Ariel

Fulton

Guiding Star

Northern Light

Ocean Queen

Santiago de Cuba

Arago

Total

e

d ^

•

Is

OS

«s

p^

(1^

27

1,559

9

894

36

2,453

88

2,971

561

2,970

120

2,070

1,083

2,649

757

3,666

558

3,111

543

3,637

743

3,091

206

2,503

613

1,615

921

3,063

562

2,528

6,657

30,803

9

760

61

995

• • • •

806

18

802

* * • •

1,286

44

379

8

190

140

5,218

3

O
Eh

1,586
904

2,489

3,059

3,521
2,190
3,732
4,323
3,669
4,180
3,834
2,709
2,228
3,984
3,090

37,460

769
1,056
806
820
1,286
423
198

5,358

pq

3

1
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
2
2

17

OB

at
9

P

4
2

6

8

4
4
3
2
1
2
1
2

■ •

2

1

22

3
3
5

11

73

Names of Steamebs, &c. — (Continubd.)

No. of
I Tripe.

1
7
7
8
6
3
2
8
9
7
2

60

2
6
5

8
5

26

8
2
2
8
4
9
8
2
4
3
8

58

NAMB8 OF STBAMXRS AND OF
LnOBS AND WHERE FROM.

FROM QLASaOW.

ANCHOR LINE.
HENDERSON BROS.

Acadia

Britaimia

Caledonia

Colnmbia.

Cambria

Dacian

Dorian

Europa

Iowa.

India

United Kingdom

Total

FROM HAVRE.

THE GBNEBAL TSANS-ATLAN-
TIC CO.

GEO. MACKENZIE.

Enropa.

Pereire

St. Laurent

Ville de Paris

Laf ajette

Total

FROM HAMBURG.

HAKBUBO AMEBICAN PACKET
COMPANY.

KUNHABDT & CO.

Allemania

Bavaria

Borussia.

Cimbria

Germania

Hammonia

Holsatia.

Tentonia

Silesia

Saxonia

Westphalia

Total

e
I

4

88

62

195

304

12

5

206

169

208

29

1,282

66

888

800

1,032

833

8,619

651

46

26

882

245

844

894

39

614

236

890

5,367

tcv

03 s

80

2,793

2,092

3,135

3,056

967

625

3,517

4,104

2,737

397

23,503

3,449
1,140
1,555
3,347
2,354
3,977
3,494
1,138
1,893
2,177
3,809

28,333

o

84

2,881

2,154

3,330

3,360

979

630

3,723

4,273

2,945

426

24,785

66

888

800

1,032

833

3,619

4,100
1,186
1,581
4,229
2,599
4,821
4,388
1,177
2,507
2,413
4,699

.a

pq

1
5
2

5

1

14

2
3
2
2

4

•9

3

4
4
4

4
3
4
1

27

33,700

20

4
2
3
2
4
2
2
1

■ • •

5
2

27

10

74

Names of Stkamktw, &c. — (Coktimujsd.)

No. of
TripB.

6
6

7
4
1

24

3
1
7
9
1
8
1
1
1

10
8
2
3
3
2

60

9
9

7
6
2
4
1
9
3
6
9
6
8
3

82

Naxxs or Stxaxkbs Ain> or

Lnns AHD WHXRB rBOX.

FROM LONDON via
HAVRE.

HOWI<AllD & ASPINWAIjL.

Atalanta

Bellona

Cella

Paraguay.

Williain Fenn

Total.

FROM LIVERPOOL..

CUNABD LINE.
C. O. FBANKLYN.

Anstralasian

Aleppo. ,

China.

Cuba.

Hecla.

Java

Kedar.

Marathon

Fabnjra.

Russia.

Scotia

Samaria

Siberia

Tripoli

Nemesis

Total.

INMANLINE.
JOHN 6. DALE.

City of Antwerp. . . .

City of Brooklyn

City of Baltimore.,. .

City of Boston

City of Brussels

atyof Cork.

City of Limerick. . . .

City of London

City of Manchester. .
City of New York...

City of Paris

City of Washington..

Etna.

Kangaroo

Total.

O S
I

266

235

253

96

28

878

133

17

531

724

11

733

11

14

9

1,639

1,254

70

67

45

5,258

476
599
236
266
137
23

r • • •

383

49

97

764

252

131

33

3,446

2,243
2,238
2,345
1,686

587

9,099

799
775
908
461
634
1,125
659
656

802

1,245

1,563

96

9,723

5,656
7,449
3,856
4,489
1,283
1,140

663
6,233

888
2,731
6,058
4,326
2,575

817

48,164

o
Eh

2,509
2,473
2,598
1,782
615

9,977

932

792

1,439

1,185

645

1,858

670

670

9

1,639

1,254

872

1,312

1,608

96

14,981

6,132
8,048
4,092
4,755
1,420
1,163

663
6,616

937
2,828
6,822
4,578
2,706

850

2

1
1

1

1

6

51,610

2

2
2

2
2

1
1

16

o

2
3
2
6

13

2
1
2
2

2
2

11

3
2
3

3
4
4
2
2
1

29

75

Namib of Steamebs, &C.— (CONTIirnED.)

No. of
Trips.

9
6
9
9
9
8
1

51

7
7
9
8
6
2
7
5
6

57

1
1

NAxn OF STEAxna and or
Link ahd whkrb vioii.

WILLIAMS & OUION LIKE.

<>)lorado

Idaho

Minnesota

Manhattan. . . . '.

Nebraska

Nevada

Castilla

Total

NATIONAL STEAMSHIP CO.
F. W. J. HUB8T.

Denmark

Erin

England

France

Helvetia.

Louisiana

Pennsylyanla

The Qaeen

Virginia.

Total

^'ROM: MALAGA and
PALERMO.

MEDITEBBANEAK LINES,
HENDEBSON BBOS.

FBOM MESSINA.

Tynan.

FBOM PALEBMO.

Grecian..

Total

4

178
169
207
151
117
164

986

212
215
247

280
207
2
163
128
207

1,661

bov
OQ S

5,761
4,450
6,719
5,585
5,197
5,465
274

33,401

3,987
4,722
4,410
5,269
4,343
1,898
3,950
3,025
3,627

35,231

21

21

5

o
Eh

5,939
4,619
6,926
5,686
5,314
5,629
274

34,387

4,199
4,937
4,657
5,549
4,550
1,900
4,113
3,153
3,834

36,892

3
4
2
1
2

12

1
3
2
1
4
1
2
1
2

17

22

23

3
3
3
2
3
1

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9
9
5
2
5

• . .
4
3
4

41

76

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^

Table Shndng Mortality on Steamers and Saving Vetidt orrMng at the Port
of Ifaa Fork during OU year 1869, on which Sm^^xxe broke out during the
voyage.

Name of VceeelB.

Apl

36

M>y

6

••

11

••

13

"

18

"

30

••

25

25

"

35

"

S3

"

30

Jnii

2

..

8

«

»

«

10

"

21

«

38

Jnlj

4

"

10

AuE

7

Sept

16

Nov 20. ]

City of Pam. . .

ShipChristel

S. S. City of Cork . , .
" Northern Light .

Bark Anton

S. S. Nebraska

Citj of Antwerp,

Kedsr

BarkCeder

Virginia

Ocean Qneen . . .

Ship Ocean

S. Denmark

' Germania

Bark St. Bemhard...
S.S. Nevada

Cambria

Colorado

Bark Chriatal

S. S. Iowa

Ship Admiral

Bark Colombia

S.S. India

Liverpool , .

C^penhsKCL

Bremen

liverpool...
Copenhagen
Bremen. . , .
IJverpool . .

Bremen . . .
Liverpool . .

Bremen

Ijverpool . .
Uambarg . .
Bremen . . . .
liverpool . .
Glasgow . . .
Liverpool . .
Bremen . . .
Glasgow , . .
Bremen . . .

Glasgow . . .

Total 19406 87

j!*

\t 1

z z

Jul 3L S.:; Prf=z AT^rr Hizl cr^ 211 I > ? ^* »i 2 riill-

*-ci*r»i — TWO

« IT, BsBk Aii.Iic^afc BreKis.., 5^4 « Ifr > » t s»i ^ to

■ Mirrfi. 11. s« J*=:«» Fo^^r. Jr.. Ii-*r;.>-i 14* 4 ->> Ti2 «ark mr^ 6 to

* 2L SJf lJr.Bint Hxtlctz^ * No ;

• It. S. S. MiiiiAisja IiT«rj»xi. :>« .. 1

Ibr 5. - rb:J:« Han'crr- 75^ 1 1

• 9. •- S«T»ia liTwpox. 11^ .. 1 A skxv. .

• 3«). " V5i^E5a - li?l 1 ?T :S «5«s of M«»-

^>s and 9 to
ttke carrel
Joae 15. •• EnrcfH Gl»=c"7«". - T59 1 -I Fcner.

• 17, '- loiia • TOT :5 I '"

JcIt 1L BctOmxiae Ham»«i;g- 212 ? 1

*• 12. Sl & Manhatuai Urerpw!. 732 .. 2 "

• 20. & S. ritr of lin-loa. . . •« 792 . . 1 *•

Au^ 5. .Stip CharVcteu Bmnen... 100 .. 1

Sept 16. S. &Iii.iui Glasgow., 3« .. 1

k*

KoT. 2L Ship Alex. MaRhalL... Liverpool. 2S0 1 1

I
« 17. S. S. Ei^libd I « 507 1 1 "

I

79

VDL

Table Showing the Proportion of MortaiUy on SteamMps and Sailing Veueb

from variatu parti during the year 1869.

STEAMSmPS.
From Antwerp among 2,454 Steerage Passengers 6 deaths or about 1^ per cent

li

li.

u

Bremen '' 34,018

Glasgow '' 23,516

Hambnig '' 28,380

" .I^ndon, ) ,, ^^

via HaTre, J '

" Liverpool " 126,589

Kopenhagen^' 5,129

«&

it

4t

tc

tk

30
27
27

13

96

11

44
44
44

44

44
44

44

44
*4

44

44

44

1-12

1-8

1-10

1-8

1-13

1-5

SAILING VESSELS.
Fnmi Antwerp among 64 Steerage Passengers [no deaths.]

'* Bremen

44

11,681

44

44

81

k4

44

2^

«4

^' Hambnig

44

5,317

44

44

31

»4

44

3^

<4

*" London

44

2,835

44

44

9

44

4(

1-3

44

** Liverpool

44

7,763

44

44

17

44

44

W

44

VUL

Table Showing the BdaUfoe Mortality of Adults and Children on the Voyage^

each Month, during the year 1869.

MOHTH.

AdULiTS.

Chiu>'s.

ToTALi.

Rkmavki^

8

8

10

11

20

18

5

3

8

4

8

6

20
3
5
17
56
36
28
20
25
14
10
13

28
3
15
28
76
54
33
23
33
18
18
19

■

Febmarj' ... x .... ^ ^ ... .

,(

March.

'

April

1

May

.MMMMmj ................ .....

Jane

Joly

w »»■ J ....................

AnfTiiRt , . .

*»*^& *•■••'••••••

September

October.

Kovember

.

December

ft

Tot«l , .

101

247

348

1

1

- - . 1

80

IX. •

DEATHS BY ACCIDENT.

March 12. Bark Columbus, from Bremen, a steerage passenger jumped overboard

and was drowned.

April 30. S. S. Siberia, from Liverpool, lost one child overboard.

Sept. 15. Ship Isaac Webb, from Liverpool, one passenger jumped overboard and

was drowned,

Nov. 17. ' S. S. England, one passenger lost overboard.

Dec. 29. S. S. City of Washington, one steerage passenger jumped overboard and

was drowned.

81

Landing Depabtment, i

Castle Garden, January lO^A, 1870. \

BERNARD Cassebly, Esq.,

General Agent and Superintendent :

Sib, — Herewith I have the honor to submit the Annual Report of the business
performed in the Landing l^partment, for the year 1869. Annexed will be found
various tables, showing the number of steamers and number of passengers arrived
daring the year ; the destination and nativities of passengers ; the total numl)er
landed ; the classification of vessels, and ports of departure ; the number of letters
written and received for emigrants during the year ; the number of affidavits taken,
&c., &c.

I have the honor to be, sir,

Very respectfully, &c.,

JOHN COONAN,

Chief Clerk,

11

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TolsT, 1S6G. .
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92

V.

Shamng ihe Pt>rU whence Emigrant Passenger Vessds arrived, together with the
NatUmaUty and Number of Vessds and Number of Emigrant Passengers
and others, from each Port landed at Castle Garden,

DXJRTSG THE YEAR 1869.

Port Whence Sailed.

Liverpool {via Queens-
town) England

London (via Havre)
England

London, England

Glasgow, Scotland. . .
Londonderry, Ireland..

Nation.

Gt Britain.

({

((

it

«

Oi

Ob

>

6
{Z5

Havre, France.
Bremen. ......

Hambarg

France.

I

Stettin (via Copen-
hagen)

Antwerp (via Queens-
town)

Antwerp.. .
Copenhagen ,

Genoa

Palermo . . .

North Ger-
man Union. . .

1 "

j. Belgiam. . .

((

Denmark

Italv

262

24

29

59

2

1
125

78

«

((

Portugal

Leghorn

Madeira. . .

Gibraltar, Spain [Great Britain.

Demerara, British Gui-
ana

Total,

1

9
6
4
1
2
1
1

597

6 Q>

129,510

8,679
2,745

22,aso

405

30

44,229

32,620

538

750

1,749

4,413

119

21

8

48

4

248,700

102
80

783

No. of Paggcn-
gers retnruing
to U. S.

Born

in
U.S.

Nat-
ural-
ized.

458

4,318

61

359

29

67

48

62.5

• •

3

0)
(D go

Qu V
^ bo

o

1,298

927

41

17
35
12
12

134,286

9,099

2,841

23,503

408

30

45,629

33,627

580

754
1.767

4,448

131
21

8
50

4

7,705

257,188

NaUonaU^ and ClatHfiealion of aU Veiteii bringing alien paumgen to thit port
each month daring the year 1889.

MONTH.

1

1
1

1

j;

1

1

1

1

1
1

1

1

i

i

,

roTii,.

,

i

1

1
1

i
a

1 ^

Hi

1

9 ^ .

12 •; '.

1

1

i

1
1

1

i
1

1

56
49
88
87
110
108
104
100
91
69
69
69

January

Febrnnrj...

March

April

MV

June

September.!!
October.. . . .
November . .
December, . .

Tolil....

7
8
14
12

9
1(

IS
(

:

3

7

e

14

11

16
14

18
10
17
B

7
8

24
31
30

28
41
38
38

31

3(
37
26

S

31

1^

K

i

11

i

'. i
'. '3

7
1 3

I

..

'i

i

3

^

2

3
3

■HI

137

350

115

«

03 26.

1 1

318

'

998

m Agplnwall, HavaDS, Rio Jan

Baggage landed at Ca»Ue Garden, stored and deli-nered during 1869.

NAUE OF MONTH.

pracia

KUUBWnOT

4,951
4,383
11,614
30,930
38,713

'20',087
17,637

l?;iS

13,654
7,117

4,890
4^233
11,890
30,876
38,684
30,814
30,594
17,307
17,613
18,387
13,604
7,013

Febrawy

October

306,289

806,604

S pieces remsluiiig in Uie b^gage-room Jannaiy 1st, 1870:

d4

vni.

l^umber of Mes8age$ Sent and Received at the CaeUe Garden Telegraph Office

during the year 1869.

Months.

Jannaiy

February

March

April

May

Jane ,

July

August

September. . . .

October

November .

December. . . .

Total

Sent.

ReceiTed.

161

29

151

30

294

45

469

126

795

240

714

176

659

163

484

104

528

146

460

116

432

95

246

81

5,393 I 1,351

i

TotaL

190
181
339
595
1,085
890
822
588
674
576
527
327

6,744

IX.

dumber of Letters Written for Emigrants arnved during the year 1869.

Months.

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August. .....

September

October

November. . . .
December, . . .

Total

Engli«b.

•

German.

Total.

62

77

139

62

23

85

134

38

172

165

36

201

260

90

350

277

57

334

267

81

348

162

62

224

219

57

276

217

56

273

208

100

308

100

74

174

2,133

751

2,884

Total English Letters received for Emigrants during the year 1869 6,441

Total Grerman Letters received for Emigrants during the year 1869 3,158

Total 9,599

95

X.

Number of Affidavits taken at the office of the Laming Department during the

year 1869 :

Affidavits relative to overcharges on Railroad Tickets. . . .23 by 262 persons.
** relative to buying Bailroad orders of J. N.

Faass, at Havre, and other agents 15 by 55 *'

Affidavits relative to refusal of Railroad orders drawn

on Agents in New York 16 by 25 "

Affidavits relative to buying Railroad Tickets on

board of Steamers 2 by 14 "

Affidavits relative to loss of baggage 8 by 8 "

*' against Boarding houses 2 by 2 **

*' " Vessels 4

*' *' different persons 8

78

XL

Number a/nd naUviUes of Mormons landed at GasUe Garden during the year

1869.

1

Baden

1

1 !

357
1,029 !

1 ,
25

1

2 i

1 ;

34 •

1

1

Prussia

1

68

213

1
268

1
324

Denmark

Switzerland

England

Scotland

France

Sleswick

Holland

Sweden

Holstein

United States

1 Isle of Man

Wales

Tjinne Detmold

Total

Norway

2,327

96

BUBEAU OP iNPOBBtA-TION, >

Cabtlb Garden, New York, January 10th, 1870. )

Bebnabd Casseblt, Esq.,

OenercU Agent and S^eriniendent,

Sib — ^I have the honor to submit herewith my Annaal Report of the business
transacted at the Information Office for friends of arriving emigrants daring the
year 1869.

The whole number of emigrant passengers (aliens and citizens) landed at Castle
Garden during the past year was 257,361, arrived in 608 vessels, viz. : 229,093, or
89 per cent., in 444 steamships, and 28,268, or 11 per cent., in 164 sailing vessels, all
from European ports.

Of the whole number of arrivals, 33,926, or 13.18 per cent., were delivered or
sent to their friends or relatives through the agency of this Bureau ; 31,786, or 93.70
per cent, of those so delivered, having arrived in steamships, and 2,140, or 6.30
per cent., in sailing vessels.

Of the whole number of emigrant arrivals, for the last four years, the per cent-
age delivered to friends rates as follows :

In 1866 9.83 per cent.

"1867 13.36 "

"1868 12.26 **

"1869 13.18 "

Of the total arrivals by steamships, the per centage delivered rates as follows

In 1866 10.03 percent.

"1867 14.08 "

"1868 12.95 "

"1869 13.87 "

By sailing vessels :

In 1866 9.41 per cent.

"1867 10.45 "

"18i68 8.33 "

" 1869 7.57

The remarkable increase in the amount of business transacted through this
Bureau in 1867 I have tried to explain in my Report of last year, to which I respect-
fully refer. Among the 33,926 immigrants delivered to their friends or relatives,
through the agency of this office in 1869, were 4,929 families and 2,355 children
under 16 years of age, who arrived either by themselves or in charge of others than
their parents.

20,769 emigrant passengers, or 61.22 per cent, of the total number delivered,
went with their friends, from this office, to the cities of I^ew York, Brooklyn, Jersey

97

City and Hoboken, and 13,157, or 88.78 per cent., into the country. Dnring the
past year 54,417 persons applied to this Bareaa for the purpose of receiving emigrant
friends, or information concerning their arrival. Among the above applicants were —

2,300 husbands, who received their wives and families ;

175 wives, who received their husbands (in some cases also their children) ;
2,700 parents, who received their children ;
2,752 children, who received their parents ; and
5,938 brothers and sisters, who received their sisters and brothers.

These numbers show a marked increase over those of the previous year. The
accompanying table is respectfully referred to.

I have the honor to be, sir,

Your most obedient servant,

J. D. KREHBIEL,

Chief Clerk,

13

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100

FoBWARDiKo Bureau, )

Castle Garden, New York, Jan, Sd, 1870. J

Bernard Casserlt, Esq.,

General Agent and Superintendent :

Sir — In handing you the annexed Report, I beg leave to call your attention to
the status at which the business of this bureau has at present arrived.

Prior to the establishment of this bureau, the emigrants, who arrived here
destitute of means, experienced much loss and inconvenience by not having a proper
channel through which they could, with safety and dispatch, communicate with their
friends in the country, and receive the means to enable them to reach their destina-
tion inland.

Many of them, in writing to their friends, would, from their want of knowledge
of the country, misdirect their letters, never, probably, receiving an answer ; while
others, in having the answers to their letters sent in care of emigrant runners,
boarding-house keepers, or ship's officers, were, in many cases, delayed, and often
defrauded out of their money.

To do away with this state of affairs, this bureau was established, and the
wisdom of the act is seen in the satisfactory results which have followed. Its busi-
ness, since its establishment, has been steadily increasing, until it has assumed its
present large proportions. Out qf the whole number of emigrants landed at this
depot in 1861, 2^ per cent, were forwarded to their destination through this bu-
reau ; in 1862, 2J per cent. ; in 1863, 3 per cent. ; in 1864, 3 per cent. ; in 1865, 2f
per cent. ; in 1866, 3 per cent. ; in 1867, 3^ per cent. ; in 1868, 3 per cent, and in
1869, 4f percent.

While the number of emigrants landed at this depot in 1869 exceeded the number
landed in 1868 by only about 20 per cent., the amount of money received to forward
them in 1869 exceeded the amount received for the same purpose in 1868 by 45 per
cent., showing the rapid rate at which the business of this bureau is increasing,
and demonstrating that as its existence becomes known and its usefulness recognized,
the emigrants and their friends in the country avail themselves of the advantages
offered by it to facilitate communication with each other.

Annexed I hand you an exhibit, in detail, of the business transacted at this
bureau during the year 1869.

I am, respectfully,

PETER McDonnell,

Chief Clerk.

101

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102

Wabd's Island Bubbatt, )

Castle Garden, New Tark, January 11, 1870. J

Bebnabd Casseblt, Esq.,

General Agent and Superintendent :

Sib — ^In the accompanjiiig table, which I b^ leave to present herewith, will be
fonnd the result of the business in this bureau during the year 1869. Much work
has been done besides, of which no record has been kept, such as making out cer-
tificates of deaths and arrivals, affidavits in cases of bastardy, and many tables aro
omitted, as not being of public interest.

Respectfully submitted,

NICHOLAS L HANSEN,

Chief Clerk.

STATEMENT OF BUSINESS.

•

^

o

•
a

^

cor-
ens.

aed.

a
o

pq

8

of "Report
made oat

!S.

.2

00

1

for Visiting
Island.

, red-inked,

•

1

o
a

(0

reported in
asU. S. cltiz

•

•o

Permits issi

\

of Gene
d.

of Specia
ded.

of Lists
ale Case "
Consignee

of Dischi
iS in W. I.

of Passes
on Ward's

s received
and bonnd

s of Parti
nifests.

of parties
L Manifests

00
00

00

12

X Hospital

umber
mande

umber
deman

amber
Bondal
sent to

umber
inmate

umber
tients

anifest
dexed

ffldavit
on Ma

Returns
rectly ob

o

-a

V

Small-po

•

*A

3

Z

Z

»

;^

<

2

January

434

36

118

285

55

10

27

1
1

February

254

2

32

51

275

49

6

42

3

2

March

720

43

79

394

88

16

86

3

April

1,358

4

47

104

206

87

7

45

3

1

May

2,730

2

68

125

313

119

14

31

11

16

June

2,772

1

56

201

340

108

19

35

13

15

July

1,796

6

54

205

384

104

26

49

5

6

August

1,854

6

51

109

432

100

26

108

6

4

September . . .

2,054

2

47

no

395

91

16

90

6

5

October

2,218

3

41

151

383

69

13

50

4

6

November . . .

1,686

7

46

130

378

69

10

56

3

10

December. . . .

911

2
38

42

179

325

59

27

48

4
63

27

18,787

563

1,562

4,110

998

190

667

93

103

Office of thb Examining Physician,

Castle Gabden, New York, January 12th, 1870.

Bebnabd Casserly, Esq.,

General Agent and Superintendent,

Sib — ^The accompanying Tables comprise a Report of all the ca^es of sickness
and destitntion sent from the Ward's Island Department of Castle Garden, to the
Emigrant Refnge and Hospital and supplied with narses during the year 1869, as
derived from my Register. From the first Table it appears that the numbers sent
by permits were 11,735, of which 6,359 were destitute. The balance, 4,376, were
suffering from a diversity of diseases, according to the specifications. The second
Table sets forth the number, nationality, &c., of those for whom I applied trusses
during the year ; and the kind of hernia, or rupture, &c.

All of which is respectfully submitted, by

Your obedient servant,

JNO. W. STERLING.
Examining Physician,

104

Table of Diseases examined at Ocutle Garden and sent to Ward's Island during

the year 1869.

«
«

<4
U

Abscessns

Axillaris

Crnralis

Frontis

Mamm8B

Manas

Maxillaris

Pedis

Adenitis

Alcoholismns

Amaurosis

Amenorrhoea

Anchylosis

Angina Pectoris

Anthrax

Asthma

Bronchitis

Bubo

Calculus Vesicae

Carcinoma.

Caries

Cataract

Catarrhus

Bronchialis

Pulmonalis

Cephalalgia

Cholera Morbus

** Infantum

Chorea Sti. Viti

Colica

" Satumina.

Colitis

Combnstio

Condylomata.

Congelatio

Congestio Cerebri

Conjunctivitis

Constipatio ." . .

Contusio

Convulsiones

Coxitis

Cripples from injuries,

loss of arm

hand

.leg

Luxatio Malleoli. . .

Cynanche Tonsillaris

" Trachealis

Cystitis

Debilitas

Delirium Tremens

Dementia

Dentition

«

«
<i

«

«

(C

9

7

3

2

8

17

4

1

20

4

11

14

4

1

4

9

108

35

2

3

2

7

116

58

55

31

15

5

1

20

6

13

13

5

30
14
10
14
11
3
9

10
2
2
5
3

15
5
5
101
4
4
3

Destitute 6,359

Diarrhoea 1 02

" Chronica 10

Dropsy, 28

Dyspepsia

Dysenteria

** Chronica.

Enteritis

Entropion ,

Epilepsia

Epistaxis

Erysipelas

" Faciei. ...

Erythema

Excoratio Ani. . ,. ,.

" Scrotalis ,

Febris ,

*' Intermittens.
" Remittens.. . .

" Typhoid

" Typhus

" Puerperal. . .
Fistula in Ano. . . .
Fractura Brachii.. . ,

" ClayiculsB .

" CostaB

" Digiti

** Femoris...

'^ Maxillaris .

" Tibiae

Furunculosis

Gastritis

Gastralgia ,

Gonorrhoea

72

66

8

9

2

15

2

13

2

5

5

3

389

272

29

37

17

4

4

15

1

3

1

3

1

, 9

23

8

16

95

Graviditas 442

Haemoptysis 41

Haemorrhoids 19

Hepatitis 16

Hernia 42

Herpes 5

Hydrocele 2

Hydrothorax 3

Icterus 2

Imbecilitas 19

Inflammatio 39

" Sacci Lachrymalis. ... 7

Injuriae Generales 41

" Carpi 4

*i Costae 8

" Digitorum 2

" Dorsi 2

*' Femoris 11

" Frontis 6

** Humeri 16

" Manus 10

" Pedis 9

" Tibia 8

*' Spinse 2

Insanitas 113

Insolatio. 4

Leucorrhoea. 4

105

Lnmbago 45

Lapns 1

Lnxatio 9

« Semi 25

Malf ormatio 1

Marasmas 5

Melancholia 6

Meningitis 5

Menorrhagia 2

Mentagra 4

Metritis 9

Morbus Brightii 3

" Ck)rdis 28

" Spinalis 9

Necrosis 2

Nephritis 2

Neuralgia 44

Nostalgia 24

(Edema. 17

Onanismus • 2

Ottorrhcea 2

Ophthalmia 135

" Tarsi 6

Orchitis 24

Otitis 9

Paralysis 17

Paronychia 49

Parotitis 3

Pediculosis 6

Pemphiyus 2

Periostitis 13

Peritonitis 1

Pertussis 3

Phthisis Pulmonalis 64

Pleuritis 35

Pneumonia. 73

« Typhoides 12

Post Partum 52

Prolapsus Uteri 4

Psoriasis 16

Pyrosis 2

Rhenmatismus 418

" Chronica 28

Betentio Urinse 8

Rubeola 37

Scabies 124

Scarlatina 9

Sciatica 17

Scorbutus 10

Scrof ulosis 7

Splenitis 6

Skin Diseases 49

Spermatorrhoea 4

Stomatitis 10

Strictura Urethras 2

Surditas 10

Synovitis 50

Syphilis 207

Syphilitic Eruptions 11

" Vegetations 8

Tubes Mesenterica 1

Toenia 6

Tinea Capitis 5

Tonsillitis 32

Tracheitis 3

Tumors 13

Ulcera 101

" Cruris 136

" Pedis 72

Ulcuscula. 156

Urticaria 4

Varicella. 1

•Variola 12

•Varioloid 6

Venae Varicosae 9

Vertigo 9

Vulnera 30

Total 11,735

JNO. W. STERLING.

* The cases of small-pox were sent to the Small-pox Hospital, Blackwell's Island.

14

106

Statement of number of Trusses applied at CasUe Garden during the year
1869, io emigrants chargeable to the Commissioners of Emigration.

Nativk Country.

Right
Ing'l.

26
3
4
3

1
1

1

• •

1

Left
Iiig'L

Direct

Doable
Ing'L

Left
Femoral.

Tot AT- 1

Germany

16
1
4
1
2
2

•i
1

1

10

• •

• •

• •

1

• •

• •

• •

• •

53

England

t

1

4

Ireland

5

13 :!

Switzerland

2

• •

7 '

France

3 ,

Scotland

3 ::

Hnsso Pol

1 1

Belgium

1 i

Denmark

2 :'

North Wales

Total

•• 1 '

• • • •

1

40

29

1

17

1

88 !

!

JNO. W. STERLING, M. D.

Labor Bxtbeau, )

Nbw York, Janua/ry Ut^ 1870.)

Bernard Cabserly, Esq.,

General Agent aikd SuperinteTuient.

Sir, — ^Herewith I beg leave to report the operations of this department during
the past year.

The business transacted by the Labor Exchange, for the year ending December
Slst, 1869, is briefly stated as follows :

1 —NUMBER AND CHARACTER OF ENGAGEMENTS.

From January 1st to December 31st, the Labor Exchange procured employment
for 84,955 emigrants, viz. : 22,844 males, 12,111 females.

Of the males, 5,594 were mechanics, 17,250 agricultural and common laborers.
Of the females, 438 were skilled laborers (seamstresses, cooks, laundresses), and
11,673 were common house servants.

2.— DISTRIBUTION.
These emigrants found employment in the foUomng States and Territories :

Males. Females.

State of New York, Metropolitan District 7,133 8,518

« outside of " 7,037 1,208

« New Jersey 5,630 1,945

" Connecticut 1,412 300

" Pennsylvania 1,234 28

<* Virginia. 8

« Illmois 2 2

" South Carolina. 106 35

" Massachusetts 113 30

" Vermont 8 2

" Wisconsin 2

" Tennessee 2 2

«* Rhode Island 56 9

Georgia 3

" Michigan 5 ....

** New Hampshire 15 q

" Missouri 1 . . . ,

108

Malee. Females.

State of Mississippi 21 11

" Louisiana 10 ....

" Maryland 3

«« Ohio 1 2

'* Maine 1 5

Kentucky ' 28 3

* * Alabama 16 3

Among the above were 452 families, consisting of 1,232 persons.

The States of New York and New Jersey have this year also furnished employ-
ment to more immigrants than the rest of the United States together. The increase
of business transacted was only in proportion to the larger immigration. It would
have attained far larger proportions had the supply equalled the demand. From
March to November the demand was considerably greater than in the previous year,
and only a small part of the orders for farm and common laborers has been filled.
The first were principally for Germans and Swiss, the latter for Irishmen. Of the
immigrant farm laborers only a small number remains here, the majority, and
especially the well-to-do class, proceeds spontaneously to the Western and North
Western States.

The South still strives to find the means of attracting emigrant labor, but it
loses sight of one important fact, namely, that most of the immigrants look out first
for the place where they are sure of employment. It is in vain to tell them that
many tracts of land are to be had cheap, or even for nothing. Work is more
attractive for them than land, at least at first. For this reason, and in consequence
of the large European settlements existing there, the immigrant U attracted to the
West, and especially the North West, where the fertile soil enables farmers to give
ready employment to all the laborers that may present themselves. This is the whole
explanation of the continual flow of emigrant laborers into those regions. There is
work there. It is to be found everywhere, work which they understand, work which
they can perform, work sufficiently remunerative to warrant the expectation of a
happy future. It is only at present the West and North West which offers them a
secure support, and once employed, they easily arrive at independence. By econo-
mizing their monthly wages they secure the means of attaining 'it, and when the
proper moment comes, they have learned by experience where to settle and what they
must do to succeed. The matter is simple, and requires on the part of the Western
States no exertion of thought or money. On examining the conditions offered by
the South, we can easily detect the causes which put it as a disadvantage in the
matter of labor. A class of farmers ready to receive the laborers who may offer
themselves is wanting with few exceptions, especially in the extreme Southern dis-
tricts where there are only great planters, whose mode of cultivation has no attrac-
tions for the immigrants. The European immigrant detests to work in gangs as
much as this kind of work is sought after by negroes. His individuality is over-
looked, his self-respect impaired, and he is viewed as a mere unit in the mass. He
seeks not the planter, but the farmer.

The great landowners who hold large tracts of land wish to cultivate them as
before without loss of time. To attain their object they must always keep a solid

lod

Btock of free slaves which daily heoomes more difficult for them as the nnmbdr of
hands is continaally decreasing.

What should be done nnder such drcmnstances may be inferred from what has
been said. In default of hands these large planters have to be replaced by small
farmers, who will begin to work themselves, and who will be able and willing to
employ the white immigrants like the Western farmers. A modest culture is required
with two or three hands living in a patriarchal way with the f armer s family. Immi-
grants will then come and remain, or if they leave, it will be to settle in the neigh-
borhood. Farms should be laid out for the reception of European laborers, and it
is upon the formation of these farms, and the introduction of Europeans, that the
future of the South depends.

3.— OCCUPATIONS.

The occupations of men and boys, who found employment through this office,
were as follows :

Hamessmakers 42

Iron moulders lOtf

Locksmiths 99

Lithographers • . . . 12

Machinists 107

Masons 248

Min er s 253

Millers 28

Musicians 75

Polishers 17

Paper hangers 17

Puddlers 27

Plasterers 30

Plumbers 16

Printers 18

Porters 57

Painters 60

Rope makers 7

Slate roofers 11

Saddlers 52

Shoemakers 441

Soapmakers 6

Spinners 18

Stonecutters 57

Segarmakers 86

Tailors 431

Tanners 96

Teachers 3

Tinsmiths 135

Turners 58

Upholsterers 28

Vamishers 17

Waiters 47

Watchmakers 41

Weavers 282

Wheelwrights 85

Wood carvers 27

Wine coopers 5

Wagon smiths 28

Apprentices

81

Bakers

145

Barbers

76

Brushmakers

9

Barkeepers

44

Basketmakers

Blacksmiths

22

133

Bookbinders

43

Bricklayers

165

Brewers

42

Brass finishers

15

Butchers

115

Cabinetmakers

Cooks

480

13

Capmakers

13

Chemists

2

Carpenters

268

Carriagemakers

Clerks

10

47

Cheesemakers

Confectioners

Cutlers

Coopers.

3

41

12

..'..... 71

Dyers

42

'OAckbaTidR., . . ,

78

Dru^ists

7

Engravers

18

Ensrineers

7

Florists

28

Filecntters

9

Furriers

9

Frescos painters ........

Gilders

17

9

Glflzie^R ..,-..-- T .

268

5

Gasfitters

6

Goldsmiths

GunffTnitbs ^ . . . ^ - . - ^

16

4

Hatters

15

Heaters

38

no

4.--NATI0NAUTIES.

Those who have been employed belonged to sixteen nations. Of the whole nmn.
ber, were

Males. Females.

Irish, Scotch and English 11,703 11,340

German and Swiss 10,021 659

Scandinavians 477 75

French, Italians, Belgians ; . . 391 7

Rossians and Poles 98 17

Bohemians and Hangarians 70 2

Dutch 62 11

Spaniards 14

Moors 8

5.— INTELLECTUAL ABILITY.

Of the immigrants employed by the instrumentality of this institution, 27,816
could read and write, viz. : 19,346 males, 8,470 females ; 7,139 could not read and
write, viz. : 3,498 males, and 3,641 females.

6.— WAGES.

The average wages paid for farm hands and female servants varied considerable
during the year, as the following statement will show. They were for males about
11 per cent., and for females 9 per cent., higher than the previous year.

Males per Females per
Month, Month,

and board. and board.

January $9 25 $9 00

February 11 50 9 25

March 15 50 10 00

April 18 50 10 00

May 19 25 10 00

June 23 75 10 00

July 24 00 10 00

August 17 25 10 00

September. 16 25 10 00

October 14 50 10 00

November 13 25 9 50

December 10 00 9 00

The wages for common laborers varied from $1.75 to $2 per day, without board«

The wages paid for skilled labor cannot be exactly specified, as the workmen
make their own contracts with the employers, who regulate the price according to
ability and season, as the following will show :

Apprentices $4 00 to $ 5 00 per week, no board.

Bakers 6 00 " 14 00 " month and "

Barbers 9 00 ** 15 00 *» week, no *'

Brushmakers 2 00 " 2 50 " day, " "

Barkeepers 10 00 " 30 00 " month and «

Ill

Basketmakers $ 8 00

BlacksmithB 2 00

Bookbinders 7 00

Bricklayers.

Brewers. 15 00

Brass finishers 10 00

Batchers , 10 00

Cabinetmakers 1 50

Cooks 25 00

Capmakers. 8 00

Chemists 10 00

Carpenters 3 00

Carriage makers 2 50

Cheese makers

Confectioners 30 00

Cutlers 12 00

Coopers ; 18 00

Dyers 20 00

Deckhands. 25 00

Druggists 18 00

Engravers 15 00

Engineers 15 00

Florists 15 00

File cutters 12 00

Furriers 9 00

Frescoe painters 15 00

Gilders 10 00

Gardeners 15 00

Glaziers 8 00

Gasfitters 12 00

Goldsmiths 10 00

Gunsmiths 10 00

Hatters 15 00

Heaters 25 00

Harness makers 10 00

-Iron moulders 15 00

Locksmiths 8 00

lithographers 12 00

Machinists 15 00

Masons. 1, :'

Miners 90

Millers 12 00

Polishers 10 00

Faperhangers 10 00

Fuddlers

Flasterers '?, -

Flumbers 2 50

Printers 12 00

to $15 OOperweek, no board.

^ 3 50 " day, « "

« 18 00 ** week, « "

5 00 " day, « "

„ 25 00 ** month and "

" 20 00 " week, no ''

" 20 00 ** month and "

** 3 00 " day, no "

" 100 00 " month and *'

** 12 00 " week *« *'

«* 12 00 '* " no *'

" 3 50 '* ^day, " **

u 3 00 <* « " "

20 00 " month and "

" 50 00 " " ** . '*

« 15 00 ** week, no **

" 20 00 ** " " "

'< 25 00 " month and *'

" 30 00 ** " ** "

" 25 00 " " ** "

** 35 00 '* week, no ''

" 18 00 " '* *' **

" 25 00 ** month and "

« 18 00 ** week, no "

" 14 00 *' " ** **

" 35 00 ** ** *' "

" 18 00 " " ** *'

V 25 00 " month and *'

" 12 00 ** week, no "

" 18 00 " ** " *'

'* 30 00 " " " "

'* 18 00 " " " **

" 20 00 " « ** "

" 30 00 *' month and "

" 15 00 ** week, no "

" 18 00 " " « *'

" 15 00 " «* ** "

" 25 00 " " *' "

'* 18 00 " " *' "

' 5 00 " day, " ''

*' 1 00 ** ton.

** 18 00 ** month and board.

^* 15 00 *' week, no *'

** 15 00 *' ** " "

2 00 « day " "

5 00 " " " «*

«* 3 00 " " ** "

« 18 00 " week, *» *'

112

Porters $ 8 00 to $15 00 per week, no board.

Painters. 10 00 " 15 00 " " " "

Ropemakers 12 00 '* " '' "

Slateroofers 2 50 " 3 00 " day, " *'

Saddlers 12 00 ** 15 00 ** week, " ''

Shoemakers 9 00 *' 15 00 " "

Soapmakers 10 00 " 12 00 " "

Spinners 9 00 *' 12 00 ** " " "

Stonecutters 5 00 '* day, " **

Segar makers 8 00 " 15 00 "week, "

Tailors 10 00 ** 30 00 " *• "

Tanners 15 00 " month and *'

Tinsmiths 10 00 " 15 00 "week, no "

Turners 10 00 '' 18 00 " " " "

Upholsterers 12 00 " 18 00 " « "

Vamishers 9 00 ** 12 00 " ** "

Waiters 30 00 ** month and "

Watchmakers 15 00 '" 20 00 " week, no

Weavers 9 00 " 12 00 *' "

Wheelwrights. 10 00 " 12 00 " " *' "

Woodcarvers 12 00 " 18 00 " " " "

Winecoopers 30 00 ** month and "

Wagonsmiths 10 00 " 18 00 "week, no "

7.— MONEY ACCOUNT.

Remittances received by this office, with the request to engage and to forward
laborers to their respective places of destination, amounted to $3,568 72.

Expended as per order $3,209 10

Returned, because the order could not be executed, or because the remit-
tance was larger than required 286 82

Balance in Treasury, January Ist, 1870 .^ 72 80

Total $3,568 72

8.— COMPLAINTS.

During the past year eighty-eight complaints were nuide by employees against
employers for unjust detention of wages.

Seventeen of these complaints were found to be groundless, and the majority of
the just complaints were promptly settled by the employers on receipt of letters
from this office.

The complaints of employers, of misconduct on the part of servants obtained at
this office, have also had proper attention, and when the complaints were deemed
just, the guilty persons were punished by exclusion from the benefits of the Labor
Exchange.

L. CANTADOR,

Deputy Superintendent,

113

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OF THB

COMMISSIONERS OF EMIGRATION.

Albany, N. Y., J<mua/ry 6<A, 18T0.

Bebnabd Cassebly, Esq.,

Oenerai Agent and Bfuperintendent :

Sib, — ^I have the honor to sabmit for jour views and investigation a Report of
the business transactions of this office for the year ending December 31, 1869. For
details, jou will please consult my monthly abstracts forwarded to you.

Daring the Spring and Snmmer months this office failed to snpply the demand
for male and female help, not that the demand was any greater than it has been in
previous years, but help was scarce; hence, there is a decrease of 254 in the
namber of both sexes hired oat in 1869, compared Avith the number hired out

in 1868.

. BUSINE88 OF THE OFFICE.

Whole number cared for through the agency of this office 1,807

viz. :

Proyided with employment, males 304

« " females 365

669

Famished with lodging and temporary board 139

Temporary relief furnished to three hundred and fifteen

families, — ^persons 826

Forwarded to respective destinations 107

Admitted to Almshouse through this office. 66

1,807

116

EMiGBAirrs Relieved thbough Ovebseeb of Foob.

Temporary relief has been fnmished by Overseer of Poor on my orders to three
hundred and fifteen families (826 persons), including transportation, fuel and inter-
ments, as follows :

Tbanspobtation.

^fomi^Sr" DestinaUoB. Amount.

- 4. .. .to New York, per R. R $12 80

54...." « "Steamer 54 00

2.. "Buffalo, N.Y. 10 00

14. . . . " Utica, " 2140

l....« Fonda, " 91

14. . . . « Schenectady, " 4 90

2. ..." Chatham, *' 160

9. ..." Hudson, " 720

1. . . . " Bennington, Vt. , 2 00

2 " Boston, Mass: 12 00

2. ..." Springfield, " 650

4. . . . " Pittsfield, " :. 7 00

$140 31

Intebments.
Six burials, at an expense of 30 00

Tempobaby Belief.
Money and fuel 557 68

Total furnished by Overseer of Poor $727 99

Obdinaby Office Expenses.

Salaries and wages $1,550 00

Office rent (1 year) 450 00

Coal (3 tons) 31 00

Stationery 34 58

Commercial paper 15 00

One copy of City Directory 2 00

Soap, brooms and pails ^. . . 4 50

Ice , 5 00

Advertising 2 50

Four mats 4 00

Postage, postage stamps, telegrams, and P. O. box 28 50

Contingent expenses, food, lodging, &c 36 00

Cleaning building. 5 00

$2,168 08

ExTBA Office Expenses.

By order of the General Agent, a messenger sent to Geneva to

convey a female to New York $27 80

117

Two emigrants passed to Flattsburgh, by order of the Grenend

Agent 1340

One to Newark, Wayne County, by order of the Grenl Agent. 3 00
Three inyalids passed to New York, B. B., by order of the

Treasurer 9 60

Nine passed to New York who were to be sent back to Europe. 9 00

Bread, 465 loaves 37 20

Lodging and temporary board at sundry times 26 20

Thirty-four passed to Troy and Gohoes, by this office 6 80 $133 00

Total expenses for year. $3,029 07

Becapitulation.

Expenses of Transportation by Overseer of Poor $140 31

" Interments. 30 00

" Temporary relief 557 68

Ordinary expenses of office 2,168 08

Extra " " 133 00

$3,029 07
Alms-Hoube Statement.

Number of emigrants in Alms House, January 1, 1869 11

" " admitted through this office during year 66

Whole number chargeable to the Commission 77

Discharged during the year 71

Nnmber remaining in Alms House, January 1, 1870 6

Two of this number are inmates of the Insane Department

Moneys Begeived.

Amount received from the friends of recently arrived emigrants, in reply
to letters written from this office, and applied to their transporta-
tion, &c $379 60

Amount received from friends, for advances made to emigrants for their

transportation to the interior 89 00

Amount received as rent for part of premises, used as office and for-
warded to the Treasurer of the Commission 225 00

$693 50
All of which is respectfully submitted,

DA-VID NEUGAN, AgmU

118

BocHBSTEB, N. Y., January 1«<, 1870.
Bebnabd Gassbrly, Esq.,

General Agent and Superintendent :

Sib, — ^I herewith respectfallj submit my Annual Report of the business done
at this office, in relieving emigrants at the City of Rochester, N. Y., during the year
ending December 31st, 1870.

Whole number of emigrants to whom relief was furnished 337

City of Roohesteb.

Whole number given temporary relief from City Overseer of the Poor,

C50families) 166

For burial of emigrant poor 6

For transportation of emigrants by railroad 21

St, Maby's Hospital.

Remaining in the Hospital on 31st December, 1868. 22

Admitted during the year 1869 88

Discharged " ** 74

Died *' *• 10

Remaining. 26

City Hospital.

Whole number admitted from January 1st, and including 31st Dec, 1869. 13

** " discharged 9

'* ** died 1

** ** remaining 3

MoNBOE County Poob Hoxjsb.

Whole number admitted during the year 21

" *' discharged 12

" *' rejected. 4

" *' remaining 6

Insane Asylum.
Whole number 1

Respectfully submitted,

CHARLES C. H. MILLER, M.D.,

Agent.

119

Buffalo, Janucury Ist, 1870.
Bebnabd Cassbblt, Esq.,

Oenercbl Agent and Superintendeni :

Sib, — I herewith present my Annual Beport of the bosiness transacted at this
office during the year ending December 31, 1869, and respectfully refer you to my
Monthly Reports for explanatory details.

Whole number of emigrants cared for, through this office 2626

Provided with employment, males 215

" " females 454

669

Supplied with lodging and temporary board ' 249

Forwarded to destinations 261

Furnished temporary relief to three hundred and thirty-three
families (including those assisted by Overseer of Poor, on

my orders, — ^persons 1447

2626

Money Received.

Amount of money received from the friends of recently arrived emigrants,
in reply to letters written from this office, and applied to their
forwarding $574 00

Money Advanced.

During the year, I have advanced to emigrants, on pledge of baggage, &&,
two hundred and thirteen dollars, without cost, to enable them to
reach their respective destinations in the interior ; this money has
been repaid, and the baggage forwarded as directed. $213 00

Expenses— (^ajrfwwtJtf of Office.)

Bread, 651 loaves $43 03

MUk,61 quarts 3 72

Groceries 8 00

Medicines 9 10

Cash to emigrants 8 00

$71 85

Fare, 3 persons to New York. 11 73

** 1 family of 3 persons to St. Catherine's, Ont 1 00

" 2 persons to Stratford 2 48

" 1 family of 7 persons to Brantf ord 6 00

*• 2 persons to Angola, N. Y 1 30

« 1 " " Detroit, Mich 3 00

25 51

Temporary relief has been furnished by Overseer of Poor, on my orders,
including transportation, provisions, fuel and interments.

1120

1 person to Kew York.. « 4 00

15 «* «' Rochester, N. Y 10 50

1 « « Batavia, " 74

6 « "Dunkirk, " 3 13

23 •' « Erie, Pa 36 19

8 «* « aeveland, Ohio. 14 00

2 «' "Toledo, " 5 50

64 06

Fonr interments, at an expense of 40 00

Provisions and fuel 419 50

Total furnished by Overseer of Poor |523 56

Office Expenses.

Salaries and wages |1,316 00

Rent of office. 150 00

Coal, two tons. 15 00

Stove for office 20 00

Postage, P. O. box, and telegrams 23 34

Cleaning office 6 85

City Directory 3 00

Stationery 11 65

Insurance on office furniture and emigrant baggage 6 00

Horse and buggy to Almshouse, on official business 6 00

11,557 84

All of which is respectfully submitted,

JOHN E. WALSH, Agent.

Suspension Bbidge, New Yobk, Jcmaary 1«<, 1870.

Bebnabd Casseblt, Esq.,

General Agent <md Superintendent :

Sib, — ^Herewith please find my Annual Report of the business transacted at this
agency during the year 1869.

Number of emigrants to whom pecuniary aid has been rendered, 248

Supplied with meals, lodging, &c. 213

Forwarded to destination 35

248

During the year about 27,000 emigrants (including children) have passed through
this place for various points West, The tickets and baggage checks of all these
have been examined, and any assistance they were in need of has been rendered. A
large number have been assisted, by telegraphing for and forwarding baggage which

121

had gone astraj, in sending to the right points, those who come here hy mistake, and
in varions ways. Bat as no expense to the Conmiission was incurred on their ao-
connt, the number has not been included in the foregoing.

Money Beceiyed.

From the friends of emigrants in reply to letters from this

of&ce, and applied to their forwarding $116 00

Money Advanced.

To emigrants on pledge of baggage and various articles, with-
out charge of any kind, to enable them to reach their
destination $244 00

Expenses (exclusive of office).

Belief to emigrants, consisting of meals, lodg-
ings, &c $65 36

1 Interment 6 50

Fare of two men to Buffalo 1 30

" family to Port Huron 7 50

Traveling expenses 41 45

Telegraphing 5 17

$126 28

Office Expenses:

Salaries $1,000 00

Stationery 6 50

Postage 2 61

$1,009 11

Total expenses $1,135 39

As I stated in my Beport of last year, the business of this agency consists chiefly
in assisting the emigrants in the transfer here, and in seeing them forwarded as
promptly as possible.

The railroad connections of the emigrant trains during the year have been much
closer than heretofore, there now being a delay of only about two hours at this point.
This the emigrants need for rest and refreshment after a continuous ride from New
York.

Bespectfully submitted,

BENJ. FLAGLEB,

Agent

16

123

Dunkirk, New York, Janua/ry \st^ 1870.

Bernard Casserlt, Esq.,

General Agent and Sttperintendent :

Sir, — I herewith transmit my Annual Report, showing the nnmber of emigrants
who received aid dnring the year 1869, also the expenses attending them.

Number admitted in Jannary 27 Expenses. . . . $44 14

** " February. ... 13 " . . . . 35 47

" " March 20 " .... 7178

" ** April 69 " .... 78 93

" " May 23 " .... 27 24

" " June 43 " .... 46 93

" '' July. 14 " .... 8 05

'' " August 8 « .... 9 40

'* " September... 7 " .... 6 50

" " October 27 " .... 29 54

" " November... 21 " .... 20 51

** " December.. . . 10 " . . . . 12 00

Total during the year .\.. 281 Total $400 59

t

Total number who received medical aid during the year. 48

Deaths, adults 1

** children 1

No pains have been spared, at this point, to render the situation of emigrants as
coififortable as possible. The hungry and destitute have been fed and aided, while
the sick have received all necessary care and attention. The constant and increasing
desire of the Superintendents of the Poor, of this county, to aid in promoting the
comfort of those emigrants requiring assistance is so marked, that justice to them
calls for this acknowledgment ; and I hazard nothing in saying, that m no section
of the country is this unfortunate class more tenderly and humanely cared for. As
to their condition while in transit on the cars, it affords me pleasure to say that their
condition and treatment has greatly improved over previous years, but there yet
remains much to be done in this direction.

Respectfully submitted.

J. T. WILLIAMS,

Agent

123

STATEMENT

Of Abuses pbactised on Emiqrants by means of the sale to them in Eu-
bope of passaqe 0bdeb8 for inland travel through the united states.

Table No. 1.

Showing the amounts exacted in excess of the regvla/r prices, by J. N, Faass, at
Havre, and 7Us sub-agents in Europe, and by other agents there in the sale of
railroad tickets or orders drawn on various railroad ticket and forwarding
agents here, together with the amounts recovered back by the Commissioners
of Eiaigrationfor Emigrants holding such orders arrived during 1869.

No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

NAME OF AQENTS.

BeU

Bigon

Faass, J. N..

Geissler

Graff

Heidelhoff . . .

HeU

Mamosel

Magie

Paalas

Rodenbach. . .

Rioxnet

Rothebaaer.. .

Sichler

Schmidt

Thaisen, O . .
Van der Heid

Ziegler

Zimmermann.

RESIDENCE.

Total

amount of

overcharges

Weissenbnrg.

Sarburg

Havre

Strassburg...

Anweiler

Paris

Savem

Sulz

Sarburg

Bitch, Fr. . . .
Soffelenheim.

Havre

Lnxnmbnrg. .
Strassburg. . .

Basel

Copenhagen. .
Dimvimgen. .
Strassburg. . .
Strassburg. . .

Total

$15 75

10 00

L,464 78

3 30
9 94

38 45

7

4

3

4
24 18

2 18

4 26
1 33

21 70

136 81

15 95

19 65

840

04
55
55
00

$1,795 82

Amount
refunded.

$15 75

10 00

1,448 10

3 30

9 30

35 69

7
4

04
40

3 55

4 00
24 18

2 18

4 26

1 33

21 70

15 95

19 65

7 30

$1,637 68

Table No. 2.

Showing the amounts collected from Emigrants for railroad orders drawn by
agents in Sweden on *^ The Great European American Emigration Land
Company,"^ No, 2K) State Street, New York City, and dishonored by the Com-
panjfs officers here on presentation by the holders thereof after arrival.

Date.

Sept. 10, 1869.

Nov. 11.

((

Nov. 16,
Nov. 20,
Dec. 3,
Dec. 10,

u
u

Name of
Vessel, in
in which
emigrant

arrived.

o P«P«

Virginia. .
Virginia. .
Erin

17
1
1

Erin

1

Helvetia. .

4

England. .
Denmark .

4
2

Virginia. .

3

33

Destination of Passengers
holding orders for rail-
road tickeu.

St. Croix Falls, Wise

Cincinnati, O

Burlington, Iowa. . .
St. Croix Falls, Wise

La Crosse, Wise

St. Croix Falls, Wise
St. Croix Falls, Wise
St. Croix Falls, Wise

Total

Price
paid for
ticket.

23 50
11 5,0
18 40
25 50

23 50
25 50

24 50
24 50

Total

amount

paid.

$399 50
11 50
18 40
25 50
94 00
102 00
49 00
73 50

$773 40

124

Table No. 3.

Shotoing the number of orders drawn on Robert Murray as Agent of the New
York Central BaUroadj which, on presentation at his office in this city by the
Emigrants holding them, were repudiated^ and were subsequently redeemed
by J. E.dkA,W. Foster, of Liverpool, who issued them, with the avnounts paid
and destination of parties.

Date of ticket

Sept. 13, 1869.

*' 15,
Oct 9,

14,

18,
Nov. 1,

1,

S:
I-

9,
9,

9'
9'

9;

9,

10,

24,
24,
30,

Names of emigrants by wliom
porchased.

W. Dartnell, wife and child.
A. & H. Smith and wife. . . . ,

F. Waddee

Hy. Davis and wife. ,

Charles Day

John White

Julia Swift ,

J. Gracie ,

Priscilla Edkins ,

Angnst Ackerline ,

Caroline Lagenwall ,

A. Lindquist ,

M, Anderson ,

Aug. Magamssen ,

Lillyeqnist ,

John Fonsson

J: Breslahan ',

Jas. Warren

Lars Anderson

John Condon

John Johannessent.

Adam Young

Thos. Shines

CarlMuUer

Carl Nieling

W. Brinson

Amount of expenses incurred
by above parties, and re-
funded by Messrs. Foster. .

No. of
fares.

3
3
2
2

3i

DeetinatioiL of
emigrant.

Whitby, N.D...

Chicago, 111

Wheeling, Va. ..
Boston, Mass . . .

Utica, N.y

Toronto, N. D . .
Philadelphia, Fa.
Toronto, N. D. . .
Pittsburgh, Pa. .

Chicago, 111

Laporte, Ind. . . .

Chicago, III

Chicago, 111

Chicago, III

Laporte, Ind

Chicago, III

Chicago, 111

Boston, Mass. . . .

Baltimore, Md. . .

Chicago, 111

La Salle, lU

Boston, Mass . . .
Detroit, Mich. ..
Baltimore, Md. . .
Sarat(%a, N. Y . .

Total.

Amount.

$27 00
39 00
16 90

7
3
7
2

7

00
50
50
00
50

10 65
13 00
6 33
13 00
13 00
13 00

12 65

13 00
3 50

3 50
13 00

4 25
13 00
16 00

3 50

10 00

4 25

11 38

29 24
$316 65

RULES AND REGULATIONS

FOB TIIK tiOVBRNMBNT OF TUK

«

EMIGRANT LANDING DEPOT, CASTLE GARDEN.

I.— EMIGRANTS.

1. All emigrant passengers arriving at the Port of New York, and their lug-
gage, after being checked, must be landed at the Emigrant Landing Depot, Castle
Garden, free of expense. Passengers are earnestly requested to take personal charge
of all their property not checked.

2. After landing, the passengers will be examined for the purpose of ascertain-
ing if any are liable to be bonded, or in such condition of health as to require hospital
care, and will then be assembled in the enclosure, and the name, occupation, age,
birthplace, and destination of each, with other necessary particulars, recorded.

3. Emigrants desiring to take any Railroad or Steamboat route for which tickets
are sold in this Depot, will communicate with the officers of the Railroad Agency,
and select such route as they prefer. The agent of said route shall be required to
transport such emigrants and their luggage to the Railroad Depot or Steamboat
Landing, by water conveyance when feasible, by land when not, but in either case
free of charge.

4. Before the removal of luggage of emigrants having bought tickets of the Rail-
road Agency, the same shall be weighed, and each piece labelled and checked to its
place of destination, with a common number for all the pieces of luggage of any one
passenger, and a proper check given to the owner, setting forth, in ink, the number
of his luggage ticket, the number of pieces of luggage, the gross-weight, the over-
weight, and the charge he is liable to for its transportation to the point of destina-
tion ; which check shall be signed in ink as a receipt for the luggage by an authorized
representative of the Railroad Agency.

5. The names of all emigrants expected by friends and relatives will be an-
nounced, and all answering to their names will be transferred to such friends and
relatives as may be waiting for them.

6. The galleries and floor of the Depot will be open for the free use of recently
arrived emigrants, until ready to take their departure : and they are requested to
make use of the wash-rooms before leaving the premises.

7. Emigrants desiring board and lodging, are advised to conununicate with the
keepers of boarding-houses having permission in this Depot, and who will be allowed
on the floor for this purpose. Every boarding-house keeper, when soliciting an
emigrant for his house, must hand such emigrant a card, setting forth his name and
residence, the prices in gold and paper money, of board and lodging, by the day and
week, and for single meals and night's lodging.

126

8. Emigrants wishing to bny food can purchase at the bread stands and restaurant
in the Depot at prescribed'rates, as stated on cards at such stands.

9. Emigrants remaining in the citv of New York or vidnity, must defray the
expense of removing their luggage from the Depot, and are informed that for this
purpose a Baggage Express is admitted to the Depot

10. Emigrants seeking employment are requested to apply to the Superintendent
of Labor, and to make use of the Labor Exchange attached to the Depot.

11. Emigrants desiring to deposit money or valuables over night, are advised to
do so in the office of the General Agent and Superintendent, who will give a receipt
therefor. Employees are forbidden to take charge^of such money or valuables of
emigrants, unless the same be handed them after business hours ; in which case report
shall be made as soon as possible to the General Agent.

II.— BOARDING-HOUSE KEEPERS.

Boarding-Jumse Keepers having permission to enter the Landing Depot to soUcit

Boarders must observe the following BtUes :

12. Every Boarding-house Keeper must wear his badge in a conspicuous place
on his breast when entering the Depot, and keep it so exposed while in the premises.

13. Every Boarding-house Keeper must present to passengers, when soliciting
such passengers for his house, a card setting forth his name and residence, and the
prices', in gold and paper money, charged for board and lodging by the day and week,
and for each meal and night's lodging , and he must also furnish emigrants with a
bill setting forth all charges incurred for board, &c., before receiving pay therefor ;
and must make to this department a daily return of all passengers taken out of the
Depot.

14. Boarding-house Keepers are required to direct to this Depot emigrants wish-
ing to communicate with their friends, or seeking employment, or desiring advances
on luggage.

15. Every Boarding-house Keeper having permission in this Depot, must post in
Castle Garden and his house, in a conspicuous place, where the same may be seen
at all times by emigrants, a card containing a list of prices for board and lodging by
the day and week and for single meals ai^d night's lodging, and setting forth whether
such prices are in gold or paper money. Prices charged to emigrants must conform
with the prices set forth on said lists, and on the card handed to the emigrant, as
required in Rule 13.

16. Boarding-house Keepers must behave in an orderly manner while in the
Depot, and remain seated in the place assigned them until admitted on the floor.

m.— MISSIONARIES

And BepresentaUves of Bdigioiis Bodies and Societies^ admitted to the Landing

Depots oAte to observe tlve following BtUes :

17. They may distribute religious books and papers among the emigrants, and
^ve them all necessary advice of a spiritual nature ; and shall report to the officers
of the Commissioners of Emigration any wants of emigrants other than of a religious

127

nature, coming nhder ihevt notice. They shall not interfere in the secular matters of
the Department, or in the secular requirements of the emigrants, but for such re-
quirements shall direct emigrants to the proper officers of the Commissioners of
Emigration.

18. They may visit any sick emigrant, in' the Hospital as often as their presence
is required by such emigrant, and when called by the nurse or other officers of this
Department

IV.— GENERAL RULES.
For the Oovemmeni of the Landing Depot.

19. The business of this Depot will commence at 7 o^clock, A. M., from May 1st
to November 1st, and at 8 o'clock, A. M., from November 1st to May 1st ; and the
clerks of the Letter Department shall also be present at all times, after the landing
and registering of passengers, to write to friends of emigrants desiring to acquaint
them of their arrival, and to request funds for their inland journey, or for any
purpose.

20. No person shall be admitted within the enclosure except the officers and
employees of this Department, and the officers and employees of the Railroad Agency,
except on permission of the Superintendent.

21. No person shall be employed by any party occupying an office within the
enclo6in*e as clerk, ticket-seller, interpreter, or in any other capacity, unless first
approved by the Castle Garden Committee ; and no employee or other person having
privilege in this Depot, shall, under any pretense whatever, receive from emigrants
or others any recompense for any service rendered.

22. Every employee of this Department will be furnished with a badge setting
forth his position, which he shall wear and exhibit while on duty.

v.— RULES AND REGULATIONS.
For the Government of the Information Office^forfriendeofa/rriving Emigrants.

23. This office will be open for business from May 1st to November 1st, at 7
o'clock, A. M., and from November 1st to May Ist, at 8 o'clock, A. M., and remain
open as long as the Superintendent may direct. All persons having relations or
friends whom they wish to receive, are requested to report to the clerk the names of
the passengers expected by them, and the vessel on which they arrived, with their
own names and residences. They will then remain seated until such passengers are
brought, and on receiving them, they are requested to leave the premises, so as to
avoid obstructing the business.

^. Emigrants wishing to have their baggage transported by the Express Company
at the Depot (referred to Rule 9), are requested to leave the proper directions at the
Express Office before leaving the premises. Those desiring to take away their bag-
gage can receive it on the day after landing, and are requested to apply for it them-
selves, for the purpose of identifying their property.

25. All services rendered by the officers and employees are without charge or
expense to emigrants or their friends, or to any person having business with the
office.

128

VL— RULES AND REGULATIONS.
Bhr the Qiyoemment of the Labor Eieehange and Intelligence Office.

26. This office will be open for business from May 1st to November 1st, at
7 o'dock, A. M., and from November 1st to May 1st, at 8 o'clock, A. M., and remain
open as long as the Superintendent may direct ; and shall be free for the use of
employers and emigrants seeking employment.

27. Emigrants and their employers are requested, after making their contracts
and before leaving the office, to leave on record in the Office Register, the particulars
of such contract, the emigrant's name, age, and date of arrival, and the employer's
name and residence.

Vn.— RAILROAD DEPARTMENT.

28. It shall be the dutyof the clerks and employees of the Railroad Agency to be at
their respective stations on the landing of passengers, and so long thereafter as their
services may be required, to attend to the wants of emigrants desiring to leave the
dty by any of the routes for which tickets are sold in the Depot ; and in every way
to conform to all the rules regarding them heretofore or hereafter adopted.

29. It shall further be the duty of the clerks and employees of the Railroad
Agency to refer all emigrants desiring information other than regarding the purchase
of tickets to the proper officers of the Commissioners of Emigration.

30. The Railroad Agency and its officers are permitted to accept in payment for
Railroad tickets and for overweight of luggage, gold and silver, allowing for such gold
and silver in current funds within one per cent, of the market rate, and furnishing to
the emigrant a printed slip, se.tting forth the number and denomination of the coins
purchased, the respective rates paid therefor, and the whole amount paid.

31. The Railroad Agency will be required to report monthly to the Castle Garden
Committee the number of emigrants transported each month over the several Rail-
roads represented by said Agency and their connecting lines to the chief points to
which emigrants go, together with the routes by which such emigrants are sent.

32. No person shall be employed by the Railroad Agency in any capacity what-
ever, except by and with the consent and approval of, the Castle Garden Com-
mittee.

Vin.— EXCHANGE BROKERS.

33. Every Exchange Broker admitted to this Depot shall be required to be at his
desk while emigrants are landing, in order to attend to the wants of such emigrants
as wish to have money exchanged.

34. They shall post in a conspicuous place every day the current market rates
of gold and silver, and the prices paid by them for gold and silver of every denomina-
tion, domestic and foreign, and shall pay in current funds for all gold and silver
bought by them from the emigrants within one per cent, of the current market rates
of such gold and silver.

35. They shall furnish to every emigrant from whom they purchase gold or
silver, a printed slip setting forth name of the broker and the number and denomin-
ations of the coins purchased, the respective rates paid therefor, and the whole
amount paid.

129

IX—RESTAURANT AND BREAD-STANDS.

36. The keepers of the Restaurant for the use of emigrants within the Depot
shall be required to open the same at 6 A. M. in the Summer, and 7 A. M. in the
Winter, and to keep open as long as the emigrants require their services ; and shall
expose in a conspicuous place a list of prices charged by them for all articles sup-
plied, which list of prices must be submitted to the Castle Garde^ Committee for
examination and approval monthly.

X— WASH-ROOMS.

37. The Wash-rooms shall be open from 6 A. M. to such hour at night as
emigrants need their use.

XI.— HOSPITALS.

38. The Hospital Rooms are for the use of the sick alone.

39. When any emigrant becomes sick in or is brought sick to the Depot during
the night, it shall be the duty of the Night Watchman to have such patient trans-
ferred to the Hospital and put in charge of the nurse, and to procure the attendance
of the Medical Officer of the establishment without delay.

N. B. — It is earnestly requested that immediate complaint be made to the Greneral
Agent and Superintendent of any violation of these Rules.

Adopted by the Board of Commissioners of Emigration of the State of New
York.

BERNARD CASSERLY,

QifMTdJL Agent and Superintendent,

Emigrakt Landing Depot, Castle Gasden,
Mw Tark^ May 18<^, 1867.

17

ANNUAL REPORT OF TREASURER.

COMMUTATION FUND, 1869.

RECEIPTS.

Amount reeekedfar Cammutatwn of Bonds, under the laws of AprU llth, 1849,

AprU ISih, 1853, cmd Hay 14ih, 1867.

January, Commntatioii money $ 14,497 50

February, " " 10,885 00

March, '* *' 28,985 00

April, " " 63,475 00

May, ** " 119,092 50

June, " " 110,990 00

July, *' " 71,14000

August, " " 47,992 50

September, " " 60,522 50

October, " " 52,145 00

November, " " 43,197 50

December, ** ** 26,440 00

$649,362 50

Amount received for compromise of special bonds $ 7,710 09

Sale of United States and New York State Securities 131,989 28

Amount received for interest on securities, and for pre-
mium on gold 23,751 93

Penalties for deaths on board emigrant vessels, during
their voyage from European and other ports to the

port of New York 810 00

From ** Irish Emigrant Society," refunded for forward-
ing emigrants to destination 1,308 85

Refunded for amount overpaid on contract. 2,500 00

From Agent in Albany, for rent of part of premises

occupied by him 212 50

From emigrants, beimg amount refunded by them for
advances made for their transportation to the in-
terior. 4,745 21

From emigrants, being amount paid by them for expense,

in part, of their return to Europe 662 57

131

For support of illegitimate children. $ S69 90

Amonnt received for redemption of inland passage tickets

sold in Europe to emigrants 316 65

For board of emigrants at Ward's Island. 128 00

For ferriage of visitors to and from " 453 59

From employers of wet nurses taken from Ward's Isl'd. . 485 00

Proceeds of unclaimed silver money 6 61

Overpaid wages 4 67

Bequest. 26 00

Sale of groceries to physicians and others 857 39

" empty flour ban'els 596 48

" old rags 314 09

*' bones 227 00

" old iron 168 09

'* fat, grease, &c 133 75

" empty casks 127 93

" livestock 66 00

" oldmetal 64 04

** " lead 25 60

" paints 23 19

" dry goods. 13 30

*' furniture 9 00

" tinware 7 00

" molasses 3 75

** oU 3 75

" clothing... 2 00

*' woodware 1 66

" shoes 1 50

$178,126 37

$827,488 87
Addbalance, January Ist, 1869 8,041 37

$835,530 24
EXPENSES.

Disbwraemmts for Commiadoneri^ Office^ Ocutle Garden,

Contingent expenses. 60 35

Furniture 131 08

Printing 27 00

Stationery 2,747.67

Salaries and wages 32,391 77

$35,357 87

Diahirsements on Account of Emigrant Landing Depot, Castle Garden,

Buildings, repairs and improvements $39,016 37

Clothing, 12 00

Contingent expenses 3 75

Coal, 244 tons 1,752 72

132

Disinfectant $150 80

JFurniture 329 13

Flags 245 00

Fire buckets, 72 189 00

Gkis, and gas fixtures 3,441 80

Grading new baggage-room 9,355 83

Hardware 1,792 28

Harness and repairs 42 48

Ice, seasons of 1868 and 1869 472 53

Labor 8,434 75

Lumber 1,510 80

Locks and keys 33 15

Matches, 2 gross 7 00

PoUceduty 56 00

Printing 248 75

Painting 3,847 83

Plumbing 4,184 56

Rent, yearly, of Castle Garden 12,000 00

Bailroad map 15 00

Soap 25 50

Stoves, pipe, &c 632 57

Salaries and wages 39,139 22

Stationery 707 50

Sewer, construction of 2,076 55

Wire work 175 00

Wharf, and repairs to 13,517 12

Waterrent 930 10

DisburaemenU to Institutions.

Conmiissioners of Public Charities and Correction, for
care and support of emigrants in Small Pox Hospital,

and for board of vagrants, criminals, &c $18,986 76

St. Vincent's Hospital, New York 87 50

Albany City Hospital, Albany, N. Y 66 00

Troy Hospital, Troy, N. Y 3,533 11

St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, N. Y 3,494 64

Buffalo Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y 1,566 16

Buffalo Female Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y 1,232 50

St. Joseph's Asylum, Syracuse, " 388 94

StVmcent's *« ** '' 357 24

St. Patrick's " Rochester, " . . . .• 483 43

St. Mary's Orphan Boys' Asylum, Rochester, N. Y 234 48

St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, Buffalo, N. Y 152 88

Providence Lunatic Asylum, ** **.... 169 75

Buffalo General Hospital, «* ** 239 58

St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, Utica, N. Y 65 38

$144,345 09

$31,058 35

133

Dishursements to Counties and Cities,

Albany County $2,085 01

Broome " 355 43

Chautauque " 793 90

Dutchess " 6106

Erie " 32174

Genessee ** 26 00

Kings " 3,519 33

Lewis " 356 77

Monroe '' 1,928 42

Niagara ** 20 00

Newburgh, City of 55 90

Oneida County 1,386 48

Onondaga " 328 40

Oswego " 485 00

Ontario " 390 60

Queens '* 514 06

Rockland " 1,073 03

Steuben " 215 10

Suffolk " 4100

Seneca ** 122 77

Tioga " 90 45

Ulster ** 275 53

Westchester " 3,193 50

Yates " 113 14

Troy, City of 25 70

Tompkins County 10 00

Disbursements by Agent in Albany,

Advertising in, and subscription to newspapers % 19 50

Bread, 485 loaves 37 20

Board of emigrants 26 20

Contingent expenses 36 00

Coal, 5 tons . 46 50

Forwarding emigrants to destination 40 80

Furniture 4 00

lAbor 14 75

Postage and telegrams 35 25

Rent of office 425 00

Stationery 34 98

Salaries and wages 1,550 00

Woodware. 3 00

Disbursements by Agent in Buffalo.

Advertising in, and subscription to newspapers $ 3 00

Bread, 508 loaves 40 03

Carriage hire to County House 8 00

$17,788 31

$2,273 18

134

Fuel for office $ 1 9 50

Forwarding emigrants to destination .' 80 52

Groceries and provisions 231 82

Interments , 40 00

Labor 6 85

Mflk, 62 quarts 3 72

Medicines 4 20

Insurance 6 00

Postage and telegrams 26 46

Bent of office, one year 150 00

Salaries of Agent and others 1,306 00

Stationery 11 65

Stoves, pipe, &c 20 00

Temporary relief. 55 00

Wood, 20 cords 175 50

Disbv/rsemerUB hy Agent at StupeTinon Bridge.

Board of emigrants $ 10 50

Forwarding emigrants to destination 10 80

Interments 5 50

Postage and telegrams 7 87

Stationery 3 50

Salary of Agent 1,000 00

Travelling expenses on business of the Commission. ... 63 30

Temporary relief to emigrants 75 26

Expenees at Agency in Bochester.

Yearly rent of office of Agent $100 00

Salary of Agent 300 00

$2,188 25

$1,176 73

$400 00

Unclaseifled Expenditure on account of Emigrant Befuge and Hospital at
Wards Island, together with Disbursements on account of JShnigrants in (he
City of New York, and elsewTiere in this State,

Advertising in and subscription to newspapers $ 354 53

Architect, services of 1,815 81

Artificial limb for discharged patient 40 00

Bank note detector and microscope 9 00

Boat, oars, &c 164 26

Board and lodging of 1,103 emigrants in the City of

New York, temporarily 939 46

. Badges for employees in Castle Garden 78 00

Boarding station, repairs on building 449 74

Books and toys for children at Christmas 629 25

Commissions on purchases of supplies for Ward's IsPd. . 1,020 15

Cartage on supplies for Ward's Island 525 15

135

Ck)nYe7iiig sick to hoBpital $1,889 97

Contingent expenses at Castle Garden 4,500 00

Carriage hire to and from Ward's Island 674 75

Freight 6 01

Electrotyping. 18 50

Engraving plates for Annnal Report 315 51

Fuel for hoarding station, Staten Island 47 25

Ferriage for boarding officers 50 00

Forwarding emigrants to the interior, in part, at the

expense of the Commission. 4,979 23

Forwarding emigrants to Europe, in part, at the expense

of the Commission 5,897 65

Foneral expenses 785 53

Horse feed at CasUe Garden 713 45

Horseshoeing " « 130 00

Insurance on property of Commissioners of Emigration. 4,701 15

Interest on bond of $207,500 14,525 00

Instruments (surgical) and appliances 124 42

Lunatic Asylum, appropriation for erection of 150,000 00

Medicines and medical services 102 50

Printing Annual Report of 1868 2,595 60

Postage, postage stamps, telegrams, &c 688 86

Provisions for emigrants delayed in Castle Garden 3,006 18

Real estate purchased on Ward's Island 50,942 13

Recording deed 2 50

Refunded to emigrants for dishonored inland railway

tickets 157 53

Report of investigation relative to the case of ship

James Foster, Jr 537 50

Steamboat hire, conveying sick and destitute emigrants

and supplies to Ward's Island 7,886 00

Stage and car fare 291 01

Services of special agent in Albany 150 00

Salary of Counsel of Conmiissioners of Emigration 3,500 00

Salaries of two physicians at the *' Tombs." 500 00

Services, Charles O'Conor, professional 500 00

Salary of clerk in City Chamberhun's office 700 00

« « Mayor's office 1,000 00

« " " Irish Emigrant Society " office 700 00

^ agents of Conmiissioners in Dunkirk 1,360 00

Sundry other expenses 891 67

Travelling expenses on business of the Commission 1,144 55

Temporary relief to emigrants 6,884 82

Trusses applied by physician in Castle Garden 108 80

Vehicles and repairs 224 80

Veterinary Surgeon, services of 9 00

$279,267 22

136

DisburaemenU an account of Emigrant Refuge and Hospital^ WartPa Islaiid.

Alcohol, 167 gallons $ 524 70

Agricnltiiral implements 61 35

Bntter, 10,829 pounds 4,907 44

Broma 15 72

Blanketas, 550 pairs 1,870 00

Brooms, 96 dozen 531 00

Beef and pork, salt, 42 barrels 786 00

BuUdings, repairs, &c 43,521 92

Barley, 200 pounds 20 00

Blacksmiths' coal 44 64

Bedding 225 00

Coffee, 12,826 pounds 2,789 65

Candles, 1,240 *' 309 06

Crackers, 3,326 " 240 75

Clothing 1,542 41

Corks, 29 gross 30 26

Contingent expenses 1,029 45

Cotton, 137i pounds 90 27

Coal, 1,887^ tons 13,202 35

Com (canned), 4 dozen 19 50

Charcoal 14 00

Croton water, yearly rent 1,000 00

Cider, 6 dozen 27 50

Dry goods, 33,446 yards 7,644 87

Drugs and medicines 2,790 64

Disinfectant 23 20

Engineers tools 165 40

Eggs, 33,188 893 84

Flour, 2,122 barrels 14,985 77

Farina, 20 boxes 138 50

Flaxseed meal, 2,469 pounds. . , 98 59

Fish, fresh and salt. 1,860 95

Fruit 107 19

Furnaces 270 00

Furniture 964 25

Firebrick 36 00

Fertilizer 69 00

Glass (window), 22 boxes 243 00

Glass and earthenware 337 25

Grates, ranges, *&c 253 79

Grindstone 8 00

Garden seed 126 27

Grate bars 118 25

Hardware 726 91

Hams 34 72

Harness, and repairs 155 75

137

Hops, 200 pounds $ 50 00

Hats, 12 dozen. 19 60

Iron : 151 87

Indigo, 25 pounds S9 50

India rubber sheeting, 77 yards 95 75

Leather and findings. 310 10

Lord, 731 pounds 156 66

Lamps 289 98

Lint, 53 pounds 127 20

Lime and cement 115 35

Lumber 1,260 20

live stock 50 00

Lightning rods 1,691 10

Mustard 1 46 50

Matches, 70 gross 210 00

Malt, 32 bushels 76 80

Molasses and syrup, 1,345 gallons 927 83

Meal and feed 2,54891

Meat, fresh, 318,351 pounds. 54,234 59.

Milk, 27,590 quarts 7,677 Oo"

Maccaroni, 25 pounds 5 75

Nails, 23 kegs 118 25

Oil, whale and kerosene, 3,167^ gallons 1,708 75

Oatmeal, 140 barrels 1,180 40

Paints 204 26

Potatoes, 287 barrels 855 00

Printing 528 00

Poultry 36 00

Plumbing. 427 90

Rice, 14,105 pounds 1,364 22

Rope 109 37

Refrigerator 22 10

Rubber hose. 32 50

Sugar, 44,390 pounds 6,782 75

Spices • 288 35

Soap, soft, 76 barrels 228 00

Soap, hard, 21,813 pounds 2,123 42

Salt, 100 sacks 400 15

Stoves, pipe, &c 103 08

Starch, 1,270 pounds 149 68

Stationery 1,496 10

Salaries and wages 34, 239 28

Shoes, 2,976 pairs 3,932 85

Steam engine, repairs of 27 07

Tea, 5,104 pounds. 4, 891 16

Thread, tape, pins, &c., &c 667 63

Tobacco for unpaid laborers, 586 pounds 422 76

Tin, 10 boxes 217 45

18

138

Tow, 10 pounds $ 753

Vinegar, 19 barrels 152 00

Vegetables 35 64

Woodware 1 , 025 30

Whiskey, 552 gallons 858 83

Wines, liqnors, &c 2,639 96

Yam, 59J pounds 67 40

Zinc, 163 pounds 21 74

$242,303 58 242,803 58

Deduct amount paid for buildings, repairs

and improvements $43,521 92

For lightning rods 1,691 10

" plumbing 427 90

Furnaces 270 00

Contingent expenses 1,029 45

Amount receiyed in cash by the Superin-
tendent of Ward's Island, for the sale of
groceries to physicians and others, sale
of flour barrels, ferriage from visitors,
employers of wet nurses taken from
Ward's Island, &c., as per cash account
of the Treasurer 3,749 39

$756,158 58

$50,689 76

Net cost of support of Ward's Island $191,613 82

Janwvry 20<A, 1870.

GEO. W. WHEELER,

139

Treasubeb*8 Statement,

Showing Ihe amount of moneys, and value of other remittances received hy the
Treasurer of the Commissioners of Emigration, with whicJi to forward re-
cen&y arrived emigrants to their friends or relatives, to whom application
was made by letter or telegram for funds, and from whom such funds were
received for that purpose, together with a Statement of the amounts disbursed^
returned, and remaining on hand, on December Slst, 1869.

1869. Receipts.

Month.

Amount

received in

Cash.

Amount

received in

Checks.

Amount re-
ceived in Post
Office Orders.

Value of Pas-
sage orders
and tickets
received.

»—

Total
Receipts.

January

February

March.

• April

$1,246 00
737 10
1,530 70
3,756 15
5,970 73
4,747 60
3,545 90
3,251 95
3,132 85
3,320 49
3,105 15
2,341 85

$1,062 00
1,387 50
1,389 62
2,458 40
4,621 14
3,157 80
3,156 15
2,216 15
1,845 47
1,955 39
2,499 72
2,180 35

$480 90

126 00

393 95

983 40

1,301 50

1,219 20

1,199 80

959 90

976 40

1,507 27

1,548 45

1,267 50

$275 55

84 20
305 65
1,342 05
3,091 07
2,475 77
1,608 30
1,009 66
1,056 05
1,292 55
2,218 72
825 04

$3,064 45
2,334 80
3,619 92
8,540 00
14,984 44
11,600 37
9,510 15
7,437 66
7,010 77
8,075 70
9,372 04
6,614 74

May

June

July

V ^t'J ..........

August.

September

October

November

December.

Total

$36,686 47

$27,929 69

$11,964 27

$15,585 61

$92,165 04

DiSBUBSEMENTS.

Month.

Amount paid in Cash,
Checks, and Post Of-
fice Orders for for-
warding.

Value of Passage Orders
and Tickets paid for
forwarding.

Amount returned to
senders of remittances
in Cash, Checks, and
Post Office Orders at
their request.

Value of Passage Orders
and Tickets returned
to senders at their re-
quest.

Total* amount paid for
forwarding and re-
turned to senders.

January

February

March

April

$3,256 85
1,716 10
2,384 00
4,643 68
8,422 57
8,663 35
6,985 58
6,714 84
5,147 95
5,014 81
6,098 13
5,603 42

$268 45

84 20

170 30

617 50

2,117 95

2,190 47
982 62

1,499 92
909 22
535 50
990 10

1,058 12

$512 65

447 75

1,287 00

722 50

1,454 37

1,373 00

2,212 45

1,057 71

784 13

1,065 92

983 50

949 35

$38 70

43 81

533 05

199 75

194 00

438 47

500 20

58 00

58 25

134 80

149 95

226 61

$4,076 65

2,291 86

4,374 35

6,183 43

12,188 89

12,665 29

10,680 85

8,330 47

6,899 55

6,751 03

8,221 68

7,837 50

, May

1 "./ ..••

1 June

July

J ..........

AugURt

September. ....

October

November

December

Total. . . .

$63,651 28

$11,424 35

$12,850 33

$2,574 59

$90^01 55

140

RECAPITULATION.

Rboeifts.

There was received in Cash the sum of $36,686 47

" " Checks 27,929 69

" " Post Office Orders 11,964 27

*' " Passage Orders, the value of which

was 15,584 61

Total receipts $92,165 04

Add balance on hand January 1st, 1869 8,454 31

$100,619 35
Disbursements.

There was paid in Cash, Checks, and Post Oflce Orders,

the sum of $63,651 28

There was paid in Passage Orders, the value of which

was 11,424 35

There was returned to senders of remittances in Cash,

Checks, and Post Office Orders the sum of 12,850 33

And in Passage Orders, the value of which was 2,575 59

90,501 55

Balance on hand, December 3l8t, 1869 $10,117 80

Statement,

Showing the ioUd value of remittances received for forwarding emigrants to des-
tination, the amount disbursed for that purpose, the amount returned to
senders from August 27 th, 1860, to December Slst, 1869, inclusive; a period
of nine years and four montTis, and the balance on hand awaiting the arrival
of emigrants, or request to have ths same returned to sender.

'Ykati.

Amonnt received in
Cash, Checks, Post
Office Orders and
Passaee Orders.

Amount expended
for f oiwai'din^ em-
igrants to desti-
nation.

Amonnt returned by
mail or express to
senders of remit-
tances.

1860

$6,034 60
9,465 09
18,990 55
46,147 91
58,583 44
62,288 88
57,359 11
66,865 89
64,054 70
92,165 04

$5,824 85
8,928 16
17,346 90
41,203 00
48,901 88
54,787 14
50,786 41
54,271 33
54,076 22
75,075 63

1861

507 43
1,294 75
3,304 79
7,146 26
6,998 94
8,138 77
8,807 00
9,018 03
15,425 92

1862

1863

1864

1865

1866

1867

1868

1869

Total

$481,955 21

$411,195 52

•

$60,641 89

141

Total amount receiyed in nine years and four months $481,955 21

Amount expended for forwarding emigrants to destina-
tion $411,195 52

Amount returned to senders of remittances 60,641 89

471,887 41

Balance on hand, December 31st, 1869 $10,117 80

Tbeasubeb's Statement,

S/unoing amounts reimbursed hy the Commissioners of Emigration to the City
and County of New Torh, and the several other cities and counties in the
8tate of New York, and to various charitable instittUions and haspitaU in
the State, for care and support of emigrants from May 5^ 1847, to Decem-
ber Slst, 1869, inclusive.

Tkar.

City of New
Tork,

InstitationB.

CoDnties.

Total.

1847

$2,333 36
2,540 00
6,306 98
10,832 75
13,042 94
10,912 97
20,000 00
27,525 36

$280 00

487 93

1,857 59

2,650 71

8,784 40

12,755 08

9,737 01

9,117 50

8,645 56

10,528 07

6,680 16

8,002 73

6,173 92

7,001 68

6,373 36

4,545 83

5,402 96

5,207 09

8,950 38

9,201 70

10,095 99

12,920 72

11,971 59

$2,270 68
18,421 95
37,400 95
26,736 40
67,781 17
64,763 90
122,135 16
78,532 85
43,181 17
13,439 97
85,563 85
16,893 16
23,555 75
61,113 59
11,244 63
10,419 12
9,578 50
11,689 00
17,944 05
22,980 39
22,160 29
24,840 40
17,788 31

$4,884 04
22,449 88
45,565 52
40,219 86
89,608 51
88,431 95
151,872 17
115,175 71
51,826 73
23,968 04
92,244 01
24,895 89
29,935 96
58,869 08
19,855 93
16,016 06
15,792 22
19,349 71
32,264 79
34,996 19
33,946 87
101,737 20
48,746 66

1848

1849

1850

1851

1852

1853

1854

1855

ia56

1857

1858

1859

206 29

753 81

2,237 94

1,051 11

810 76

2,453 62

5,370 36

2,814 10

1,689 59

63,976 08

18,986 76

1860

1861

1862

1863

1864

1865

1866

1867

1868

1869

Total

$193,844 78

$168,871 96

$800,436 24

$1,162,651 98

GEO. W. WHEELER,

IVeasurer,

142

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REPORTS, CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

• • •

REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON SHIP

"JAMES FOSTEE, Jr."

In pursuance of a resolution of the Commissioners of Emigration,
of the State of New York, dated March 12, 1869, whereby the under-
signed were appointed a Committee, to enquire as to certain chai-ges
publicly made, of ill-usage of passengers by the ship " tfames Foster^
Jr.^' on her voyage from Liverpool, England, to the port of New York,
your Committee commenced forthwith an examination of the persons
that seemed most capable of giving reliable information.

A complaint, howevei', having been made against the owners of the
ship, by John Carey, one of the passengers, your Committee proceeded
to a formal examination, imder oath, of such passengers as should
present themselves, by virtue of the power vested in the Commis-
sioners of Emigration, by Chapter 857, Session Laws 1868, p. 2,040,
entitled "An Act for the more effectual protection of Emigrants
arriving at the port of New York."

Yom* Committee held four sittings at Castle Garden, viz. : on
March 13th, 15th, 25th and 29th, 1869, and examined, under oath,
twelve witnesses, named as follows :

Robert Blackmore, Griffith Richai'ds,

Patrick Caveney, Peter Soouler,

Michael Callaghan, Hermann Bi*andt,

Abraham Meyers, Jacob Trem,

Bartholomew Tobin, Whitmore Morgan, and

James Burke, Thomas Boundy.

•

Due notice of the proceedings having been given to the owners of

the ship, they were represented at the sittings of your Committee by

150

Mr. Chas. H. Marshall, one of the firm of Charles H. Marshall & Co.,
and by Thomas H. Hubbard, Esq., of Counsel ; and on the third and
fourth sittings, Mr. George Putnam Smith, of Counsel for certain of
the passengers, attended on their behalf and took part in the pro-
ceedings.

Your Committee report the following facts, afi the result of their
investigation :

The ship " James Foster^ Jr." of the Black Ball Line, 1,428 tons
burden, left the River Mersey, Livei-pool, England, on her voyage to
New York, on the 19th December, 1868.

The passengers had been, for the most part, taken on board on the
13th or 14th December, and from that time till the 19th December,
the ship lay at anchor.

The number of steerage passengers on board was 146 — of these, 14
had shipped as "passenger cooks," contracting, in consideration of a
reduction of passage money, to perform certain duties on board.

The actual number of the crew was 30, although the 14 passenger
cooks seem to have been passed off before the Emigration Officer in
Liverpool, as ordinary seamen, thus apparently swelling the number
of the crew to 44.

The officers of the ship were :

Andrew Armstrong, Captain,
Joseph Armsti'ong, First Mate,
John McVeity, Second Mate,
Thomas Mm-phy, Third Mate,
James Glynn, CarperUer and Boatswain,
Edward Moniment, Surgeon,

The quantity of provisions which each passenger was entitled to
receive during the voyage, is set forth in the copy contract annexed
to this report.

The sum paid by each steerage passenger was £4: sterling.

The passengers who shipped as "passenger cooks," paid only
£2 5s. Od. sterling each, in consideration of which reduction they
agreed " to clean below decks and cook for the passengers."

The ship anchored in New York harbor on the 7th day of March,

151

1869, the voyage having lasted 78 days, being a passage of unusual
duration, the average time consumed in winter passages not exceeding
45 days.

The weather, for the greater part of the voyage, was rough, with
head winds.

The ship had been but a short time at sea before a scene of disorder,
violence and barbarity began, which your Committee believe to be, of
late years, without parallel.

The captain seems to have been utterly neglectful of his duty, and
left the management of the ship and the care of the passengers to
inferior officers.

The crew, composed mostly of landsmen, unused to the sea, proved
incompetent to the performance of the ordinary work of the ship, and
soon became wholly exhausted from fatigue.

To supply this deficiency, the passenger cooks were required to
work as ordinary seamen, a duty which they had never agreed to per-
form ; and even the passengers, who had paid full passage money,
were compelled, at all hours of the day, and often in the night, to
clean decks, haul ropes, make sail ; in fact to perfonn all a sailors
duty, except to go aloft.

Of the provisions served out to the passengers, the pork was good,
the beef was middling ; the flom' was occasionally sour ; the meal was
bad ; the bread became bad after the middle of the voyage ; the
biscuits were of two qualities, and were sometimes good, sometimes
bad.

The quantity of these provisions supplied to the passengers was
gradually diminished, until, after the second week of the voyage, it
appears to have been not more than one-half that to which they were
entitled under the contract. On each Saturday rations were served
X)ut for the ensuing week. After the third week the supply was so
reduced, that it proved not sufficient to last until the following Thurs-
day, and thenceforward, until the next Satm'day's distribution, two
days of starvation intervened.

• The allowance of water was soon reduced to about 8 pints a day.

The hours of distribution were irregulai*. For a while, the water was

of good quality, fi-esh and fit to drink. But for the last five weeks of

152

voyage, it was salty, composed of the rain water which had fallen
the deck, and the salt spray, which had necessai'iiy mixed with it

"he safferings of the passengers from hunger and thirst were
jre.

ome of them, more provident than others, had brought on board a
er supply of food than they needed for then* necessities, and sold
surplus.

: is in evidence that, in this sort of ti'affic, one of the passengers
I one shilling for a biscuit, and in another case sixpence was paid
a '^naggin" of water.

Jl these privations seem to have been without any sufficient cause
txcuse, for on the anival of the ship at the Port of New York, the
ply of meat was not yet altogether exhausted, and there was plenty
resh water still in the tanks.

"he number of the passengers on board was less than the capacity
lie ship to accommodate them.

he aiTangements for cooking were defective. There was only one
^e in the cook's galley. In this, the fire was lit sometimes at 8 a. m.,
etimes not until 2 p. m., and sometimes, the fire was put out by the
3rs of the carpenter, for the pm'pose of compellmg the famishing
jengers to do some sailor's work about the ship.

"he power over the passengers, vested in this man, seems to have
a unlimited. He presided over the serving out of provisions and
er, and therein showed favor towards some of the passengers and
ility to others, sometimes throwing the food of the latter on the
deck, and spilling even their scanty supply of water.

everal of the crew, worn out by ill-treatment and exhaustion, died
ng the voyage.

he passenger cooks and passengers were required to work the ship,
the conduct of the carpenter towards some of these passenger
£S seems to have been cruel and barbarous.

: appears from the evidence, a copy of which is hereto annexed,
; he was in the habit of beating them with his fist, with ropes,
1 belaying pins, or any other weapon that came to his hand ; so
b, from the effects of this ill-usage, several of them died.

\

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153

The first mate also beat the passengers. The captain refused to
listen to any complaint, and treated remonstrance with insult.

Your Committee are advised that the carpenter, and two of the
other inferior officers of the ship, are now in custody, and awaiting
their trial on indictments found against them in the United States
District Court of the Eastern District of the State of New York, on
account of offences alleged to have been committed by them against
certain of the crew and passengers of this ship on this voyage, and
their trial is likely to take place next montL

Your Committee thei'efore forbear to make any further comment,
which might tend to throw obstacles in the way of a fair and impartial
investigation of the charges against these men.

The captain of the ship and the first mate have died on shore since
the arrival of the ship in port, victims to a malignant fever which
broke out on board, and which had its origin probably in their own
incapacity, neglect, or misconduct.

The person who acted as doctor on the voyage seems to have been
incompetent and derelict in duty. The sick in the hospital were
shameftilly neglected by him.

The serving out, from time to time, of a ration of castor oil to each
of the sick, seems to have been the extent of his medical services ;
and the only sm*gical operation alluded to in the evidence as having
been performed by him, was the amputation of the finger of John
Gilmartin, a passenger, a shoemaker s pincers being the instrument
used, and the patient dying in two days after the operation.

It was an actual reign of teiTor on board that ill-fated ship. Of
passengers that were young, strong, and vigorous when they first came
on board, four died on the passage. Of those who survived, some
were scarce able to stagger ashore, so faint were they from hunger
and exhaastion.

The foregoing statement will serve to give your Honorable Board
a general idea of the condition of the passengers of the ship Jarnes
Foster y Junior, in this most unfortunate voyage. For further details
yom* committee refer to the copy testimony annexed.

The ill-treatment of her crew your Committee have not specially
inquired into, as not being included in the subject of investigation,
20

154

whicli, by the statute of this State above referred to, the Commis-
sioners of Emigi*atioii are empowered to make. .

The Committee believe that if their proceedings in this matter have
effected no more than to attract to this subject the attention of the
public press, both here and in Europe, much good has been done ; not
to speak of the advantage which the testimony taken by them and
perpetuated may be to passengers seeking redress by civil pro-
ceedings.

In seeking for the causes of these disasters, your Committee are
willing to make all due allowance for the unusual duration of the voy-
age at the most inclement season of the year ; and the demoralization
and confusion which are but too apt to follow the continued labor,
anxiety, and exhaustion to which officers and crew must be subjected.

Careftil and thorough compliance, however, by the proper officers
in Liverpool, with the beneficent provisions of the English Passenger
Acts of 1855 and 1863, would have gone far to prevent much of the
suffering to which both crew and passengers were subjected.

In these acts, provisions are made for the examination and survey,
by an Emigration Officer, of the provisions and water ; for the proper
facilities for cooking; for the number and qualification of "passenger
cooks," whom the act requii^es to be " searfaring " men, and for the
manning of the ship with an efficient crew to the satisfaction of the
Emigration Officer.

Your Committee are unable to see how, unless these requirements of
the British law had been evaded, or openly violated, the calamities of
this voyage could have occun*ed.

The principal security against the recurrence of such evils is to be
found, perhaps, in the rapid discontinuance of sailing ships in the car-
rying of immigrants to this port, and the institution of steam vessels
in their stead.

The story of the misfortunes of the fTames Foster^ Junior, will, it

is hoped, increase the tendency in that direction.

•

It is the manifest duty of shipowners to exercise great care and
caution in the choice of officers, into whose hands the care and gov-
ernment of passengers across the Atlantic may be entmsted.

It is, at best, a difficult and a delicate office, requiring, perhaps, a-

155

larger share of patience, good temper, forbearance, and kind feeling
than id commonly found among men educated in the rough school of
a sailor's lifa

And yet^ it is hard to imagine any situation in which men are more
completely helpless, more completely at the mercy of those who may
be set over them, or have juster claims on the sympathies and the
charity of their fellows, than passengers on emigrant ships.

The establishment of an efficient police on the seas, by whose means
injustice and cruelty may be detected and prevented, is a measure
toward which philanthropy has as yet made littie progress.

Much must still depend on the humanity of shipowners and the
careful choice they make of their agents.

Your Conmiittee beg leave to suggest, as subject for the considera-
tion of your honorable board, whether the enactment of some such
provisions as to emigi-ant ships, as are to be found in the British Pas-
senger Acts above referred to, would not tend to the protection of
passengers across the Atiantic and the increase of their security and
comforts.

The subject is well worthy the attention of the Congress of the
United States. When it is remembered how much of the present
population of the United States is made up of immigrants or their im-
mediate descendants, and how much of its wealth, enterprise, and
prosperity has sprung from their labor, nothing surely should be
left undone by the country they have chosen for their home which
could tend to make their voyage to these shores as convenient and
easy as possible, and impress them in advance, with the provident care
for their welfare displayed by the country in which their future lives
are to be spent, and to whose advancement their future labors are to
be devoted.

New York, May 12th^ 1869.

RICHAED O'GORMAN,

P. Mcelroy,

FREDERICK KAPP,

Special CommiMee of Gommissioners of JSmigration.

156

COMMUNICATION

RELATIVE TO PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION,

ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE BY A

SPECIAL COMMITTEE OP THE BOARD.

Office of the Commissioners of Emigration ")

OF the State of New York, y

Castlb Garden, New Yorky October 7, 1869.}

Hon. Hamilton Fish,

Secretary of State,

Washington,, 2>. C.

Sir, — The Commissioners of Emigration have been honored with
the receipt of your communications of May 20th and June 17th, in
relation to the proposed draft of a Convention between the United
States and the North German Union for the better protection of
steerage passengers between both countries, and most cheerfully com-
ply with yom' desire by herewith laying before you theii* views on the
subject.

Article L

On line 2 of this article after the word North Germany we would
add " nor in any vessel sailing under the flag of one of the contracting
parties, and clearing from any other Em'opean port to a United States
port." We think it necessary to extend the convention to all Ameri-
can and German vessels which sail from an Em*opean port which is not
Grerman, as for instance, Antwerp or Rotterdam, in order to subject
the forwarding of passengei-s via Belgium, Holland, England or France,
to the control of the mixed commission, which is to be created, and
will sit in the several ports of arrival and in order to prevent an indi-
rect circumvention of the treaty ; if no clause of this or a similar
character be inserted, any German or American ship could set at
defiance the law to be created in clearing fi'om a neighboring port.

Instead of upper deck on the last line of page 1 we would suggest
weather deck, as according to a later explanation the upper deck sig-
nifies the deck under the weather deck ; for this reason the deck which
is accessible to the open air, and which is to be smTendered to the
passengers for exercise, is to be called the weather deck.

157

Abtigle n.
To this there is no objection.

Abtigle HI.

If there should be more than two berths in one line, provision
should be made for proper access to them. The draft of the conven-
tion says nothing about this important matter. We would therefore
propose to add after passenger ship, line 9 from the beginning of
Article III, "and if the row of berths consists of more than two
berths joined lengthwise each berth must be .made accessible both at
the head and foot thereof." Instead of at twelve yeara we would put
down the age of adult passengers at fourteen. Thus it was in the
old laws, and there is no reason for a change, as the age of puberty
does not commence before the fourteenth year. In line 2 below, after
children^ we would add, " and those confided to their care," as it is
customary among emigrants that young persons travel imder the pro-
tection of their relatives and friends, 'and as it would be cruel not to
allow them to participate in the benefits of this clause.

Article IV.

Instead of hospital in line 6 fi'om the beginning of this clause, it
should read hospitals, and in line 1 fitted instead oi filled,

Abtigle V.
Instead of upper in line 1 read weather.

Article VII.

The space of fifteen cubic feet allotted to each adult passenger on
board is too much, and it would require a whole flotilla to accommo-
date passengers. A steamer with 800 passengers, for instance, would
have to be provided with 32 boats. It is impossible to carry out such
prescriptions. Much besides depends upon the condition of the ship.
An old vessel requires greater facilities for the protection of the
passengers than a staunch and comparatively new vessel. We would
leave the execution of this measure with the Commissioners of Emi-
gration, and would strike out the words, line 3 of this article, in the
proportion.

Articles VIII and IX.
There is no objection to these articles.

\

158

Artigle X.

After word daUi/ on page 5, inseii; "at the same hour each day,"
which hour shall not be changed during the voyage, unless by reason
of stress of weather.

Article XI.

Experience shows, that one good cook is perfectly sufficient on
sailing vessels. On steamera they have invariably more than two
cooks. If, however, on the former some extra help be required, the
captain can and will undoubtedly choose a cook from among the pas-
sengei*s. As in extraordinary cases the Commissioners are empowered
to require the employment of assistant cooks, we would strike out line
1 of this ailicle, from one to line 7, and substitute the following,
"provide an experienced cook, who shall be a seafaring man, and
rated in the ship s aiticles as passenger cook, and shall be employed
in cooking the food for the passengers, and shall not assist in navi-
gating or working the vessel." Line 8, instead of number of cooks
we should say one cook, and on line 10, after cooks, we would add
the words, " such assistant cooks may be taken from the passengers,
who may be willing to lend then* services for a consideration."

Article XII.

Line 3 from the beginning, cook instead of cooks, and after the
words working the vessel, line 8 from below, we would add, " but such
assistant stewards may be taken from the passengera in the maimer
prescribed for employing cooks." It is a question of great doubt,
whether a proper person can be found who is competent to act as
stewardess on a sailing vessel. Perhaps it would do to empower the
captain to select one fi'om among the passengers with the previous
authorization of the Commissioners.

Article XIII.

The captain must have power to compel the passengers to assist in
keeping clear the compartments. He will no doubt secm*e the aid of
passengers, but the power to compel should be very safely guarded.

After the word health, on line 3 of this ai-ticle we would add, " and
shall protect the passengers from violence, ill-usage, or insult from any
of the officers or crew, and." The word two, as referring to water
closets, to be stricken out, and after words cresyUc add add, " or such

159

other disinfecting agent as the Commissioners of Emigration may
indicate." In a treaty which shall permanently bind the two countries,
we should not limit ourselves to these details. Science may in a year
or two difcjcover some other and better disinfecting agent which may
render these specified obsolete.

It is decidedly against the interest of the owner or agent or master
of the ship, as well as against the interests of the passengers to permit
them to remain on board for 48 hours after arrival in port. It would
be unjust to the former as it would add a heavy charge to the expenses
of the ship, and would not benefit the majority of the passengers.
Steamers must often discharge and clear in 48 hours, but they would
be prevented from doing so if the passengers were allowed to remain
on board. In only one instance they would be entitled to it, viz.,
when the ship cannot land. We would therefore add the words during
the voyage^ line 9 from below, " unless proper arrangements are made
for sooner landing them with their baggage."

The process of disinfection does not appear to us satisfactory, unless
applied after the completion of each voyage ; besides nothing is said
in reference to epidemics having raged on board an emigrant ship.
We would therefore, after the word necessary , from line 3 from the
end of this article, add the following, " and after the completion of
each voyage a thorough disinfecting of the vessel in all its parts is to
take place, and no vessel on board of which an epidemic has been
raging, shall proceed to sea with passengers unless pronounced by the
physicians, to be appointed by the Commissioners of Emigration, so
thoroughly disinfected as to exclude any danger to passengers.

Article XVII.

A fine should be fixed. We, therefore, would add at the end, "and
in case of a violation of this provision the offender shall be fined by
the loss of his wages, for a term not exceeding two months."

Article

We would add at the end, " and for reftisal or neglect to comply

with the provisions of this article, the master shall be liable to a penalty

of not less than fifty dollars, and of not more than two hundred

dollars."

Article

What we would insert here speaks for itself, and must form part of
\ the contemplated convention. " No person shall be taken on boai'd

160

of any emigrant vessel at the expense of the North German Govern-
ment, or of the local governments of North Germany, if such person
shall have been convicted of theft or of any of the crimes specified in
the extradition treaties between the United States and the German
States, or if any such convicted criminal shall have been released on
condition of his emigrating to America. The master, owner or agents
of any vessel who may be found guilty of violating this article, shall
be fined a sum not less than one hundred, and not more than one
thousand dollars."

Article XXIV. (Old XXII.)

In line 7 in above article, we would say children of eight instead of
years. And further on line 20 and 22 single males of fourteen
instead of twelve, and single females of fourteen instead of twelve, for
the reasons hereinbefore stated.

Although our attention has been specially directed to Arts. 1-22
of the draft treaty, in which matters of detail affecting the comfort of
emigrants are provided for, we take leave briefly to refer to article 23
which concerns the mode of enforcing the provisions of the treaty.

If proper means of compelling compliance with the provisions or
punishing for the breach of them be not afforded, the treaty remains a
dead letter, without any practical utility.

There are two opinions in our Board as to the manner in which
these provisions could be carried out. Having been unable to agi'ee
upon them, we think it best to give them both in the words of the
Commissioners, who have reported upon the present draft.

" There is some difficulty," says Mr. O'Gorman, " in carrying into
effect the provisions of the proposed convention on the side of the
United States. This difficulty arises from the complicated nature of
our government. The several States claim and exercise extensive
jurisdiction over the question of emigration as far as it can affect the
interests of individual States and comes properly within the scope of
its power of Internal police. Thus, in illustration, we have in the
State of New York the Commissioners of Emigration.

How the objects of the proposed Convention can be carried out is
a question that cannot be settled by the treaty itself, but must be
the subject of appropriate legislation in Congi*ess so far as Congress
has constitutional power over the subject ; and where it has not, State
Legislation must be depended on.

\i

161

We do not think that a treaty can go fxirther than to bind each
sovereign to carry out the objects of the treaty by appropriate legis-
lation, without delay, and therefore the question of what legislative
means should be adopted in this case, seems scarcely open for consider-
ation now.

It may not, however, be out of place to suggest that if a mixed Com-
mission be provided for, somewhat in the mode indicated, each of the
members should be a citizen of the nation in which the Commission is
to sit. The duties of the Commission should be merely preventive —
examinatory and detective — ^not judicial.

The Courts of each country must decide according to such laws as
exist . or may be enacted, and their jurisdiction should be extended,
and their practice .perhaps amended, to meet the new branch of their
duties.

The right of trial by jury for instance, cannot be disturbed in the
United States, and it would seem unnecessary to give judicial powers
to such a Commission here, while the ordiAary Tribunals can do the
work. We are inclined to think that the Commissioners, whatever
be their duties, should be paid officers. Work, such as would be im-
posed on them, cannot be well done unless it is made the chief busi-
ness of the Commissioners. This, however, is not a question for a
treaty, but for the legislation by which the treaty is to be carried out.
And an article in the treaty pledging each Grovemment with all reason-
able dispatch to enact laws to reach the case is about all that can pro-
perly find a place in the treaty. When Congress finds that duty
devolve upon it, it probably will not be disposed to adopt the plan de-
veloped in the latter articles of the treaty.

Congress, while extending the jurisdiction of the United States
Com-ts to such cases, would do well to provide for the chief difficulty
and danger in these cases ; viz., the absence of witnesses when wanted
at the trial of the cause.

This can be obviated by legislative provisions for the speedy taking
of testimony before the Commissioners or one of them, to be appointed
under the treaty, and in the case of ships arriving in the port of New
York, before the State Commissioners of Emigration, or one of them,
or before a United States Commissioner on service of proper notice on
the master or representative of the ship, and the perpetuation of said
testimony by filing it in some public office, where it would be acces-
sible — such protection is afforded by ch. 857, Laws of State of New
York, 1868.
21

162

When Congress oomes to legislate on this subject the Commifih
sionerg of Emigration will be happy to place at their disposal any
suggestions that their experience may lead them to believe would be
worthy the consideration of the Legblative Department of the United
States."

'^ As excellent as a law or treaty may be," says Mr. Kapp, on the
other hand '^ it will be a dead letter, if the means of enforcing its pro-
visions are not expressly provided for.

During the whole time of our existence, covering nearly a quarter
of a century, we have been struggling to carry out the laws enacted
for the protection of emigrants, but we were left insufficient means of
effectually proceeding in the Courts against fraud and imposition.

The impediments thrown in our way have of late been partly re-
moved by the enactments of the State law, but still much remains to
be done.

For this reason we demanded two years ago summary proceedings
for the recovery of damages sustained by the emigrant, and take the
liberty of quoting the brief passage of our Report (Annual Report for
1867, 112-13,) which was made in consequence of the terrible suffer-
ings which had just occmTed on board the Hamburg ship Leibnitz.

*We would state* we said there *that the efforts which have been
made by legislation at Washington and Albany to protect the lives
and health of emigrant passengers from the rapacity of ship-owners,
have been attended with but a very limited share of success. The
regulations to which the owners of ships are required to conform, are
with some exceptions, precisely those called for by the exigency of the
case, as is best proved by the fact that the accidents and disasters
which Continue to happen are almost always traceable to the dis-
regard of some of these provisions; but the fact that they are dis-
regarded proves in its turn that the law must remain a dead letter,
until more effective remedies are provided against its violation.

The act of 1855 provides that if some of its provisions are violated

the master shall be guilty of a misdemeanor ; and that if others of its

directions are not complied with, the master or the owners, or both,

shall forfeit money penalties against the ship to the authorities of the

United Staiea,

It is found that indictments are not feared, and that suits for the {

recovery of penalties are never instituted.

To make the law effective, the power of obtaining redress must be
lodged in the hands of the emigrants themselves. '

163

The law giyes them an action against the ship for marine torts and
for breaches of marine contracts ; but, this action mast be prosecuted
through the dilatory forms of admiralty practice. The ship is bonded,
and she goes on her way. The emigrant, poor, friendless, and often
emaciated by disease, is kept loitering in a crowded city, dancing at-
tendance on the delays of litigation, while the western fields, which he
came to till, lie fallow. The loss falls immediately on himself; but
indirectly likewise on the entii'e country, which receives and detains
a languishing pauper when it needs industrious and able-bodied la-
borers.

It is absolutely necessary to authorize a summary proceeding, sim-
ple and expeditious, such as the case of the emigrant requires.
A Commissioner should be appointed for the especial purpose of
hearing and passing upon these complaints. He might be appointed
by the Chief Justice of the United States, under the precedent estab-
lished in the case of the Register in Bankruptcy. This authority, how-
ever, must be to hear and determine. An appeal from his decision
should not operate to supersede execution ; but the losing party should
be oast upon his chances of obtaining restitution/

We are inclined to doubt whether Article XXIH of the present
draft, which creates Referees or Commissioners, without judicial
powers, will answer the purpose, and we think that the corresponding
article of the old draft, which, as we are informed, has been suggested
by Assistant Secretary Hunter, is much better adapted to protect the
emigrant. We would, therefore, suggest the substitution of Mr. Hun-
ter's article instead of the present one.

If an application to Congress, for obtaining the object desired, could
be avoided, the old article might stand ; but both drafts are designed
to erect a tribunal by treaty, with authority to exercise, to a certain
eirtient, the judicial power of the United States, which, under the Con-
stitution, (Art. HI, Sec. 1), is vested in the Supreme Com-t only, and
in such inferior Courts as Congi-ess may from time to time establish.
Either article, therefore, must be ratified by Act of Congress, and for
this reason we would prefer the original one of Mr. Hunter, which is
broader and better adapted to effect the purpose sought

If the constitutionality of such an act should be doubted, we would
refer, as a precedent, to the treaty of 1862, concluded between the
United States and Great Britain, suppressing the African slave trade.
Mr. Hunter's article, which we would adopt as ours, reads as fol-
lows : —

164

Abtigle XIX.

For the purpose of carrying this Convention into effect, and especially
with the view to enable steerage passengers to obtain prompt redress
for any violation of the contract for thek passage to and from the
United States, and to and from the North Grerman Union, and for any
misdemeanor towards them on their way, a Board of Commissionera
with judicial powers, shall be established in those ports of the parties
where the greatest number of passengers usually arrive and embark.
Each of the said boards shall consist of three members, one to be ap-
pointed by the national government^ within whose territory the board
is to be established ; the second by the highest representative of the
other party accredited to the government refeiTed to ; and the third may
be appointed, upon the invitation of the other two members, by the go-
vernment of the state within whose limits the board is to discharge its
functions. If, however, such invitation should not be accepted, the
other member of the Board may be appointed by the others, and in
the event of their disagreement as to the person, the choice shall be by
lot The Commissioner appointed by the national government, within
whose jurisdiction the Board is to sit, shall provide, at its organization,
for other business. Each of the said Commissioners, before entering
upon his official duties, shall make and subscribe a solemn oath, that
he will carefully examine and impartially decide, according to justice,
all questions which may be brought before the Board, under the pro-
visions of this Convention, by either government, or by any parties
claiming to be aggrieved ; and that they will, in general, see that the
stipulations of this Convention are strictly obsei-ved. Such oath shall
be entered on the records of the proceedings of the Board.

The Board shall have power to survey every vessel intended to carry
passengers pursuant to this Convention, including their accommodation,
equipment, and the competency of the master, officers, crew, and other
persons employed for the duties assigned them respectively, under this
Convention.

And the said Board shall have power to summon and, if necessary,
to compel the attendance of witnesses ; to issue writs as may be re-
quired for the exercise of their respective jurisdictions, agi-eeably to
the usages and principles of law prevalent in the respective countries
wherein they sit ; to grant new trials ; to impose and administer all
necessary oaths or affirmations, to punish by fine, not exceed-
ing , or by imprisonment,

not exceeding , contempt

165

of their authority ; to exact bail and security ; to make and estab-
lish all necessary rules for the orderly conduct of business before
them, and to regulate the practice therein. The laws of the re-
spective states where the Commissioners shall sit, shall be regarded
as rules of decision in cases where they may be applicable. The
forms of writs, executions and mesne, and other process, and the forms
and modes of proceedings shall be the same in each of the states
whei'ein such boards shall sit respectively, as are now, or, from time to
time shall be used in summary proceedings of a corresponding charac-
ter by the highest Court of original and general jurisdiction of such
state respectively, except that trial shall not be by jury in any case
arising under this Convention. Nothing herein contained is, however,
to be construed to give said Boards, in the United States, authority to
try these cases of crime or those civil suits wherein the right of trial
by jury is secured by the Constitution of the United States.

In admiralty cases such writs and process shall be used as may be
conformable to the principles and rules of Courts of Admiralty, as
regulated by the laws of the country in which such boards shall re-
spectively sit. Their decisions and decrees, when unanimous, and the
amount in controversy shall not exceed Two Thousand Dollars, shall
be final and without appeal ; but from any final decree which shall not
be unanimous and the amount in controversy shall exceed two
thousand dollars, there shall be an appeal to the Tribunals of the
country under whose flag the ship in question sails, which appeal in
cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction shall be conducted accord-
ing to the principles and usages of law regulating appeals in admiralty.
And the said Board shall have power to try and sentence any ship or
vessel, and any party connected with any ship or vessel accused of
any violation of any article of this Convention, and to impose and pass
sentence of imprisonment, fines and penalties under the provisions of
this Convention, provided that no person shall be sentenced to such
imprisonment for a longer period than

or fined to an amount exceeding ....

Such Board may also or instead of such fines and penalties pass
sentences against any vessels, disqualiiying the same from carrying
steerage passengers between ports of the parties to this Convention
for definite periods of time, to be fixed in and by such sentences.
They shall, also, have jurisdiction to decree the payment of damages
for civil injuries inflicted, and for damages incurred for the non-

166

performance or mis-performance of contracts, as to justice shall apper-
tain.

The fines, penalties and forfeitures collected by the respective
governments in proceedings before said Boards, shall be held under
such security as may by law be required, as a fond for defraying the
expenses attending the execution of this Convention. Any surplus
which may remain at stated times, shall be applied by the* l^oard for
purposes of charity and relief to steerage passengers. The Board
shall report annually to the Head of the Department of Foreign Affairs
of each of the contracting paities as to the state of the fond aforesaid,
and if from that statement it shall appear that the fines collected have
not been sufficient to meet the expenses incident to the execution of
this Convention, a moiety of the excess shall be defrayed by the
government of each of the contracting parties.

Both parties to this Convention engage to endeavor to use their
authority and influence so that the Commissioners to be appointed
pursuant to this article may constitute an honorary Board whose ser-
vices shall be entirely gratuitous.

The said Board may, however, appoint such executive officers as in
then- judgment may be indispensible for carrying this Convention into
effect ; especially in regard to the proper surveys, examinations and
inspections of vessels, as well as before their departure, as after their
arrival, and to the preparation of evidence and the taking of the testi-
mony of passengers and of persons employed on boai-d of vessels ; and
upon the report of any such officer to any member of the Board,
stating a case of violation of the foregoing Convention, a meeting of
the Board shall, on motion of any member, be called by their Presi-
dent within twenty-four hours, at a place and time to be designated
by said President"

We have the honor to remain,
Sir,

With much respect,

Your Obedient Servants,
On behalf of the Commissioners of Emigration,

FKEDERICK KAPP,
RICHARD O'GORMAN.

167

COMMUNICATION

ADDRESSED TO CONVENTION OF RAILROAD AGENTS BY CHAIR-
MAN OF RAILROAD AGENCY COMMITTEE OF THE
COMMISSIONERS OF EMIGRATION.

New York, April 9th, 1869.
Ghas. p. Leland, Esq.,

Pteaident Oenerdl Paaaenger Ticket Ag&nJdi Conversion,

Sib, — ^At the last regular meeting of the Board of Commissioners of
Enmigration, of the State of New York, the following preamble and
resolution was unanimously adopted :

** Whereas, The several railroad ticket agents will meet in the
month of April for the purpose of arranging their summer time-tables,

" jResolvedy That our Railroad Committee be requested to call the
attention of said agents to the impoitance and necessity of better
accommodations and quicker transport of emigrant trains to the West,
and to insist upon the reform of the present system, which is detri-
mental to both the health and comfoit of the emigrants, besides being
almost as expensive as the first-class passages."

In accordance with such resolution, the Railroad Agency Commit-
tee respectfully call the attention of yom*self and colleagues to the
importance of the suggestions therein set forth. From the investiga-
tions made by the members of the Committee, and from the numerous
complaints presented from time to time through the press of the
Western States, it appears that emigrant passengers are subjected to
great delays and serious inconveniences on their journeys westward,
and it is urged that measures should be taken to correct these abuses,
in the accomplishment of which your valuable assistance is respect-
fully and earnestly requested.

The causes of complaint may be stated as slow travelling and insuf-
ficient accommodation, both on the trains and at the depot.

While the emigrant rates are about one-half of first-class rates, the
difference in the rate of speed at which the trains are run is so great

168

as — includiDg loss of time (which is loss of labor to the emigi-ant, as
also to the country) and the expense of living — ^to make the cost of
travelling nearly the same, if not actually more expensive to the emig-
rant For instance, the time between New York and Chicago is, by
first-class train, thirty-six hours ; by emigrant train, three and a half to
six days — making an average difference of say three days, which costs
the emigrant traveller as follows :

For ticket $13 00

For subsistence for three days (extra), say 3 00

For loss of labor, three days, at $3 per day. 9 00

Making. $25 00

while the first-class fare at the present time is $20 : in addition to
which is the fact that the first-class passenger is not limited in the
weight of his baggage, as is the emigrant.

On some of the roads many of the cars used for emigrants are with-
out water-closets and badly ventilated; and in the winter without
^*e and in the summer without water.

At the depots on several of the roads no shelter or protection is
afforded to the emigrant who, while waiting for the connecting train,
is exposed to the danger of being cheated and robbed by improper
persons who are allowed to approach and communicate with him.

It is alleged that the improvement in the transportation of emigrant
passengers has not kept pace with the times, and that the railroad
companies of the North and West have not given to this important
element in the progi-ess and prosperity of this countiy, that attention
and consideration which is due to it.

In case it is not practicable for your Convention to confer with the
Committee on the subject of this communication, it is then respectiully
suggested that a Conference Committee be appointed and empowered
to carry out such alterations in the present mode of transporting emig-
rant passengers as may be agreed upon.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

CYRiDTS H. LOUTREL,
Chairman RR Agency ComniUee, ComnrniUmen of Emigratim,

169

LETTERS

OF SECRETARY OF STATE AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE

OF UNITED STATES, AND HON. THURLOW WEED, IN

REPLY TO INVITATION TO VISIT WARD'S ISLAND.

Washington, October 26, 1869.
Bebnabd Gasserly, Esq.

Deab SIr, — ^Your kind note enclosing the invitation of the Com-
missioners of Emigration to accompany them on a visit of inspection
to Ward's Island is received.

It would afford me great pleasure, were it in my power, to accept
this tempting invitation. Twenty years ago my attention was drawn
to the public spirit and the benevolence of Mr. Verplanck and his
associates, in organizing a Commission and devoting then* disinterested
and unpaid services to the protection of the strangers coming to our
shores — ^the poor emigrants who have contributed so much to the
wealth and growth of our nation. For twenty years I have watched
with annually-increasing interest their good work, and the develop-
ment and the success of their benevolent objects.

Few, if any, charities have ever been founded with wiser or more
humane objects ; fewer, still, have been administered on more liberal
or more truly catholic principles. The grateful hearts of hundi-eds of
thousands bear witness, saying, ^^ I was a stranger, and ye took me in ;
naked, and ye clothed me ; I was sick, and ye visited me."

I pray you to convey to the Commissioners my regrets that it is not
in my power to join them on Saturday. With a God-speed to them
in the great and good work, with much respect^

Tours, truly,

HAMILTON FISH.

Departbient of State, )
Washington, October 25, 1869. j

Bernard Casserlt, Esq.

Dear Sir, — ^I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter
enclosing a card from the Commissioners of Emigration inviting ma
22

170

to accompany the Commissioners, and the North German Consul-
General on a visit of inspection to Ward's Island on Saturday next-
Will you do me the favor to thank the Commissioners in my name
for the honor they have done me, and to express my great regret that
it will be impossible for me to be there?

I am, respectfully.

Your obedient servant^

J. C. BANCROFT DAVia

Note. — ^Mr. Weed's letter, which gave some interesting reminiscences of the
early days of the Commission, was onfortnnately mislaid till too late for pablication.

1:

1;

171

CHAPTER 808.

AN ACT TO AMEND AN AcT ENTITLED "An AcT TO AMEND THE

SEVERAL Acts relating to the powers and duties of the
Commissioners of Emigration, and for the Regulation of the
Marine Hospital," passed April 13, 1853.

[Pajssed May 10, 1869 ; three-fifths being present]

T?ie People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Assembly J do enact as follows :

Section 1. — ^The second section of the Act entitled "An Act to
amend the several laws relating to the powers and duties of the Com-
missioners of Emigration, and for the regulation of the Marine Hos-
pital," passed April 13, 1853, is hereby amended so as to read as
follows :

§ 2. — ^The said Commissioners of Emigration are, and each of them
is hereby vested with the same powers in regard to administering
oaths of office to employees, and to the binding out of children with
consent of parents or next of kin, actually chargeable upon them, and
also in regard to persons in the institution, or any of them, under the
charge of said Commissioners, for the prevention or punishment of any
infraction or violation of the rules or orders and regulations of such
Commissioners, or their officers, in regard to such institutions, as are
possessed by the Governors of the Almshouse in the City of New Tork,
or any of them, for the same purposes ; and the General Agent or
Superintendent of the said Commissioners, duly appointed and author-
ized by them, shall have the same power to administer oaths that the
said Commissioners, or any of them, may have by any law of this
State.

§ 3. — ^The amount for which the master, owner or owners, con-
signee or consignees of any ship or vessel bringing emigrants or pas-
sengers to the City of New York, may commute for any bond or bonds
authorized or required by or pursuant to the seventh section of Chap.
523, of the Laws of 1851, shall be $2.50 for each and every such
passenger, and fifty cents of the amount commuted for any passenger
or passengers shall be set aside as a sepai*ate fund for the benefit of
each and every county in this State, except the County of New Tork.

172

The Commissioners of Emigration shall deposit the moneys of said
fund so set apart in any bank that the said Conmiissioners may select,
and the same, or as much of it as may be necessary, shall be dis-
tributed to the several counties, except the County of New York, once
in every three months, and the balance that may be left after sucli
three months' payment shall be paid over to the Commissioners of
Emigi'ation for the construction and improvement of their buildiDgs
and grounds.

§ 4. — ^This Act shall take effect immediately.

INDEX TO REPORT.

PAQB

Abstract Statement Commutation Fund 84

Connty Bills 142

Accidents on Shipboard during 1869 80

Act to amend Acts relative to powers and duties of Commissioners 7, 171

Administration of Ward's Island 15

Labor Exchange 24

— — Castle Garden 21

Agent at Albany, Eeport of 115

Buffalo, Report of 119

Dunkirk, Report of 123

Rochester, Report of 118

Suspension Bridge, Report of 120

General and Superintendent, Report of 66

Albany, Report of Agent at 115

Amendments to proposed International Convention for Protection of Emi-
grants 6, 156

Amounts refunded to Emigrants on fraudulent passage orders 27, 123

paid to Counties during 1869 133

AnaBsthetlcs, Use of, on Ward's Island 17

Average weekly number of inmates on Ward's Island 14, 53

Award for destruction of Marine Hospital buildings, Diversion of 31

Baggage received at Castle Garden during 1869, Statement of 93

Room at Castle Grarden, New 21

Barracks and Pavilions, Ward's Island 12

Bastardy Cases, Ruling of Courts relating to 7, 67

Board of Physicians, Ward's Island, Organization of 15

Boarding Department, Castle Garden 21

Officer, Duties of 21

Report of 69

; House Keepers 23

Branch Labor Exchange, Ward's Island 12, 43

Buffalo, Report of Agent at 119

Buildings at Castle Garden 20

on Ward's Island 12

Case of Ship " James Foster, Jr." 4, 149

Castle Garden Landing Depot 20

Lease of 20

u

PASS

City Baggage Delivery 23

Classification of persons admitted to Ward's Island 50

Committee, Action of Railroad Agency, relative to Railroad Time Tables.. 28, 167

on International Convention, Report of. 6, 156

on ''James Foster, Jr.," Report of. 4, 149

s, Standing 8

Commnnication addressed to Railroad Ticket Agents' Convention 167

from Secretary of State 169

Assistant Secretary of State 169

Commutation Law, Evasion of 7

Comparative Mortality on steamers and sailing vessels 26, 69, 70, 71

Complaints by Emigrants for extortion, &c 29

Consul -General Roesing and others. Visit of, to Ward's Island 19

Consulting Physician, Ward's Island, 16

Convicts, Laws respecting Emigrant 32

Conviction and sentence of officers of '' James Foster, Jr." 5

Cost of supporting Institutions on Ward's Island 36, 135

Custom House Inspectors at Castle Garden 30

Daily admissions to Ward's Island, 49

discharges from Ward's Island 52

Davis, Letter of Assistant Secretary of State 19, 169

Decrease in German Immigration 4

Emigration to Ejuisas, &c 25

— Small Pox cases 16

Demand for labor greater than supply 25

Departments of Landing Depot 21

Destinations of Emigrants 25, 90

Disbursements to Counties and Institutions 132, 133

Diseases of patients examined at Castle Garden 104

on Ward's Island 60

Distinguished Visitors to Ward's Island 19

Distribution of Labor in 1869 25, 113

Dunkirk, Report of Agent at 122

Emigrant Courts 6, 160

Hospitals, Ward's Island 12, 144

Evasion of Commutation Law 7

Exchange Brokers, Castle Garden 22, 128

Expenditures from Commutation Fund for Quarantine purposes 32

Faass, J. N., Suppression of Hi^vre Booking Agency of 27

Financial Affairs of Commission ... 30

Fish, Letter of Secretary 19, 169

Foreign Booking System, Partial Suppression of 27

Foster Bros., Liverpool booking agents, satisfactory action of 72

Forwarding Bureau, Castle Garden 23

Report of 100

—Statistics of 25

111

Frauds on Emigrants 27, 29, 123

Greneral Agent and Superintendent 26, 80, 66

Tables 146

Grerman Immigration, Decrease of, in 1869 4

Ground Flan of Emigrant Hospital 44

Head-money, Increase of 31

Health of Immigrants landed in 1869 4, 69

— Inmates on Ward's Island 13, 43

History of Immigration bj Commissioner Kapp 8

Immigrants, Nativity of 3

Immigration, Commissioner Kapp's History of 8

to the Port of New York, Amount of, in 1869 3

Improvements at Castle Garden 20, 66

on Ward's Island 11, 43

Increase in number of Emigrants to Middle and Southern States 25, 108

Increase in Swedish Immigration 4

Information Bureau, Castle Garden 22, 96

Report of 96

Statistics of 26

Inmates of Ward's Island, Certain classes of, unworthy 14, 42

Health of 13, 43

Weekly average of 14, 53

Insane Asylum, Ward's Island ; 17, 56, 58

Results in 17, 56, 58

Proposed New 13

Intellectual Ability of Emigrants Employed in Labor Exchange 110

International Convention for protection of Emigrants, Proposed 5, 156

' Amendments to 6, 156

Report of Committee relative to 6, 156

** James Foster, Jr.," Case of 4, 149

Conviction of officers of 5

Report of Committee relative to 5, 149

Kapp, History of Immigration by Commissioner 8

, 0'Grorman,and McElroy, Report of Commissioners, relating to *' Jas.

Foster "case 5, 149

and O'Gorman, Report of, relating to proposed International Con-
vention 6, 156

Labor Exchange, Castle Garden 24, 107

— — — Administration of 24

— -•— Remarks of Superintendent of 25

Report ot 107

' — Statistics of 25

Branch, at Ward's Island 12

- of Inmates on Ward's Island. 14, 43

i> *

IV

Land held bj Commission on Ward's Island 11

Landing Department, Castle Garden 21

Reportof 21

Laws respecting Emigrant Convicts 32

Lease of Castle Garden 20

Legislative action 7

Letter Writing Boreau, Castle Garden 23

Statistics of 25

8 written in 1869 25,94

Loatrel, Letter of Commissioner, to Convention of R. R. Agents 167

Marine Hospital Buildings, Diversion of Award for Destruction of. 31

McElroy, Report of Commissioners Kapp, 0*Grorman, and 5, 149

Medical Board, Ward's Island. 15

Department, Ward's Island 16^ 55

• Results in, for year 1869 16

Mormons landed at Csistle Garden in 1869 95

Mortality on vessels arrived 78

steamers and sailing vessels, Comparative 26, 69, 70, 71

Mortgage on Quarantine Grounds, Payment of Interest on 31

Names of steamers arrived and number of passengers arrived in 1869 72

Nativity of Immigrants landed in 1869 3, 41

from 1847 to 1869 144

Necessity for improved railroad transportation for Ei;aigrants 28, 167

New Baggage Room at Castle Grarden 31

Insane Asylum, Proposed 13

Estimated cost of. 13

Stable and Workshops, Ward's Island 12, 43

Number of Immigrants landed in 1869 3, 41, 86

— compared with previous years 3, 144

Number of passengers brought by sailing and steam vessels, and compara-
tive mortality and births on the voyage during 1869 26, 71, 82

— — and destination of Emigrants 90

Oaths, General Agent empowered to administer 7

Occupations of Emigrants employed in Labor Exchange 109

O'Gorman, Report of Commissioners Kapp, McElroy, and 5, 149

0'Gk)rman, Report of Commissioners Kapp, and 6, 156

Percentage of Mortality in Hospitals, Ward's Island 16, 55, 56

. in Surgical Department, Ward's Island 17, 64

Police detail at Castle Garden, Inefficiency of 30, 67

Ports of clearance of steamers 71, 92

Power to administer oaths vested in General Agent 7

Produce of farm on Ward's Island. 54

Proportion of sailing and steam vessels arrived 26, 70, 71, 93

Purulent Ophthalmia. 29

TAQH

Bailroad Agency Committee, Commnnication of, to Railroad Agents' Con-
vention 167

Agents in Castle Garden 22, 138

Time-tables 28

Heading Room on Ward's Island 19

Reasons for immigration to West and Northwest 108

Refuge and Dispensary on Ward's Island, Results in 17

Registering Burean, Castle Garden 32

• Statistics of 25

Remittances for Emigrants 26

Repairs and Improvements at Castle Garden 20

Repeal of laws respecting Emigrant Convicts 32

Report of Agent at Albany 115

Buffalo 119

— ■■ Dunkirk 122

Rochester. 118

Suspension Bridge 120

Boarding Officer 69

— Examining Physician, Castle Garden 103

■ Forwarding Bureau 100

General Agent and Superintendent 66

Information Bureau 96

Labor Bureau 107

Landing Bureau 81

Physician-in-Chief, Ward's Island 55

Special Committee on case of " James Foster, Jr" 4, 149

— • International C<5nvention 6, 156

Superintendent of Ward's Island. 42

Surgeon-in-Chief , Ward's Island 63

Treasurer 130

Ward's Island Bureau 102

Rochester, Report of Agent at 118

Rotunda, Castle Garden, Repairs to 20

Rules and Regulations for the Government of the Landing Depot 125

Satisfactory results in Ward's Island Medical and Surgical Departments. . . 18

Schools on Ward's Island 18

Secretary of State, Letter of 19, 169

Thanks to 6

— Ass't, Letter of 19, 169

Sex, age, and distribution of persons admitted to Ward's Island 50

Small Farms, Demand for by Emigrants 109

Small-pox cases. Disposition of 16

- ■ ■ ' Decrease of, during 1869 16

Special Committees 8

Stable and Workshops, Ward's Island, New 12, 43

Standing Committees 8

Statistical Snnmiary of Ward's Island Hospitals 14

VI

Steamers and sailing vessels, comparison of passengers brought by. .26, 70, 71, 82, 85

Comparative mortality on 26, 70, 71, 79

Sufferings of Emigrants on slow trains 28

Summary of results in Medical and Surgical Departments, W. 1 14

Surgical Department, Ward's Island 15

Results in 17

Suspension Bridge, Report of Agent at. 120

Swedish Emigrants ^ 4

Synopsis of Statistics 9

Tables, Financial 130

General 144

of Boarding Department. 70

Examining Physician, C. G 104

Forwarding Bureau. 101

Information Bureau 96

Labor Exchange. 113

Landing Bureau. 82

Medical Department, W. L , 58

Railroad time 27

Surgical Department, W. 1 64

Ward's Island 48

Bureau, 1 02

Telegraph Office, Castle Garden 23

Statistics ol 26

Temporary Hospitals, Castle Grarden 23

Thanks of Board to Secretary Fish 6

Time Tables, Subject of Raikoad 27

Treasurer, Abstract Statement of 34

Report of 130

Visit of Consul-General Roesing to Ward's Island 19

German and Irish Emigrant Societies to Ward's Island in 1869. . . 19

Visits of Inspection to Ward's Island 19

Wages paid to Emigrants employed in Labor Exchange 110

Ward's Island 11

Administration of. . ., 15

Bureau, Castle Garden 23

Report of Superintendent of 42

Weed, Letter of Hon. Thurlow —

Weekly average of inmates on Ward's Island. 14

Work rather than land required by Immigrants 108

ERRATA AND ADDENDA.

P. 71, Table III, instead of 40,164 steerage passengers from Liverpool consigned
to John G. Dale, read 48,164, and for 83,411 steerage passengers consigned to Wil-
liams & Onion, read 33,401.

P. 103, for ** supplied with nurses'' read " supplied with trusses."

In regard to the Police and Customs difficulties, referred to on page 30, it is proper
to say that, since this report was in type, they have been in great part removed. A
Grerman-speaking inspector has been detailed for duty at Castle Garden, and Captain
Thomas Thome, who has lately taken charge of the Twenty-sixth Police Precinct,
shows every disposition to meet the requirements of the Commission.

FEB 2 8 1941