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Super Solurions 2 




Just Got Better 



We just did something only Hie best can do! We made our award uri 
software for Hie Commedere^^ 128 and 64 computers even belter! 

lnlroducing...Podtet Writer 2 /word pro You can buy all three Pocket 2 c 

cesser Pocket Manner ll/spreadsheet Pocket Pocket Writer 2, Pocket Planner 2 

RIer 2/dofabase '"W" in one convenient Superpak forth 



Our new Pocket 2 series offers fectuBFisually found °"'V »-»v.y3 (u.:..j. « super way r. 

only in much more sophisticoted applEcotions software. integrated teatures of Pocket 2 so 

Features that include-, compatability with the new almost eighty dollors^ 

GEOS operating system t, ability to work with the „. ^s a ^o"^P°"'f>" *^ P^^"^^' W^"^' 

Commodore RAM expander to oiiow □ RAM disk, "isk containing 32,000 words (exp< 

mouse support with pull down menus, 1571 burst is available. The cost $14 95 (U.S. )- 

mode for faster file boding, increased support for two ^°' those of you who have olrea 

single disk drives, automatic configuration for screen """"V benefits of owning Pocket soi 

color, format and printer selectiont. ?F^tTf, f'^T' ^^^n?^,l t 

Sophisticoted software, yes, and still easy to use. S19..95 U.S. plus 3.00 (U.S.) shipp 

You con be up and running in under 30 minutes even Avoilable only by writing to Digito 

if you haven't operated a computer before. -Commodores Mico-compuie,, Mngo.me. .n 

Now, when you upgrade your Commodore'" 64 ,aied the original Pocket Writer l28/64and 

too 128, Pocket software helps moke it a breeze. The loflwarethe 'AnnyolBeilof 1986" in the pr 

new Pocket 2 software has both 128 and 64 opplica- (nrematenoi csm 

tions on the some disk. So when you buy one you ore f 

actually buying two software packages. The cost 

only $59.95 (U.S.). ' 



Swrious Software 
Thafs Simple to Use 



RmtH Senrtc* No. 1(M 



You can buy all three Pocket 2 apptieonens, 
Pocket Writer 2, Pocket Planner 2 and Pocket Filw 
in one convenient Superpak for the low p"" *~ 
only $99.95 (U.S.). A super way to discov 
integrated features of Pocket 2 softwrare ani 
almost eighty dollors. 

As companion to Pocket Writer 2, a Dictionor, 
Disk containing 32,000 words (expandable to 40,01. 
is available. The cost $14.95 (U.S. )- 

For those of you who hove already discovered the 
many benefits of owning Pocket software; we offer all 
registered owners upgrade Pocket 2 software for only 
S 19.95 (U.S.) plus 3.00 (U.S.) shipping and handling! 
Avoilable only by writing to Digital Solutions Inc. 

'Commodore's Micro-computers Magazine, mdependenl reviewers, 
rated the original Pocket Writer 128/64 and Pocket Planner 128/64 
software the 'Annual Besi of 1986" in the productivity cotegory. , — 

tnferna^ltJnoi Disrribufor Enquiries to; 

///// Digital 
^^l>>7 Solutions 

Inc. _ 

2 30 Werlhcim Court 
Richmond Hill. Ontario 
Conoda 148 169 
Telephone(4l6)73l 8775 
Telex 06-964S0I 
foK 1416) 731.8915 



fhe Solution That 
wes Money! 



atcr Enqw 

noda Lid. 

I-416-73B%.00 

Moll orders 

Crystal Computer Inc] 

in Michigon 

t-517.224.7667 

Uftide M rctligon 

1-7316 



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tr 

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f 




CONTENTS 



DEPARTMENTS 

A View from the Jiriigt... of the April issue o/Ahoy! 7 
Scuttlebiitt. . . new C-64 peripherals from Commodore, and more. 8 

Reviews. .. currenr software run through the Ahoy! wringer. 65 

Tips Ahoy!... no/ afoul one in the bunch. 72 

Conimodares. . . we can smell the wood chips burning already. 86 

Program Listings... games and utilities to keypunch and enjoy. 93 



FEATURES 



Rupert Report: Fractals by Dale Rupert* 



20 



Entertainment Software Section (contents on page 41) 



41 



Amiga Section: Preview of the Amiga 2000 



53 



COMAL Column: COMAL, Turtle Graphics, and Logo 



77 



*Includes program: Fractal Maker for the C-128 



PROGRAMS 



Pieman for the C-64 by Bob Blackmer 



15 



Scrambler for the C-64 by Tony Brantner 



31 



Planet Duel for the C-128 by Cleveland M. Blakemore 



34 



infofiow for the C-128 by Cleveland M. Blakemore 



37 



Lops for the C-64 by James C. Hilty 



63 



Extended Baciiground Mode for the C-128 by R. Harold Droid 82 



List Formatter for the C-128 by Shawn K. Smith 



85 



Bug Repellents for the C-64 and C-128 by Kleinert & Barron 94 



Flanitspeed for the C-64 by Gordon F. Wheat 



95 



Covw art by Janw* Regan and Joil* Vm 



Pratident/ Publisher 
Michael Schneider 

EdHor 
David Allikas 

Art Diractor 
JoAnn Case 

Manoging Edhor 
Michael R. Davila 

Senior Editert 

Tim Little 

Tim Moriarty 

Prodaetkm Director 
Laura Pallini 

Technicttl Editor* 

David Barron 

Bob Uoret 

Coneuiting Editors 

Ben Bova 

Morton Kevelson 

Dale Rupert 

Entertainment Editor 
Amie Katz 

Art Production 

Christopher Carter 

Victoria Green 

Sgiletin Beard STSOP 
B.W. Behling 

Grculotion Dtrecter 
W. Charles Squires 

Advertising Director 
Lynne Dominick 

Director of Promotion 
Mark Kammerer 

Controller 
Dan Tunick 

Managing Director 
Richard Stevens 

Advertising Representative 

JE Publishers' Representative 

6855 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200 

Los Angeles, CA 90038 

(213) 467-2266 
Boston (617) 437-7628 
Dallas (214) 660-2253 
New York (212) 724-7767 
Chicago (312) 445-2489 
Denver (303) 595-4331 
San Francisco (415) 864-3252 



ISSUE Na 40 APRIL 1987 

Akof! aSSN »gJSM3Si) is published monthly hy Ion 
Intemalional Inc., 45 W. 34lh St., Suite Vfl, New 
\0Tk. NY, tOOOl. Subscription rale: U issues for 
$23J)0. 24 issues for $44M) (Canada S3aj(W and 
$55J)0 respectively). Second class posla|;e paid at 
New Vork, NY lOODI and additional mailing otTices. 
^ I9S6 by Ion International Inc. All rifghls reserved. 
' tinder Universal Inlemationai and l^n American 
Copyright conventions. Reproductimi of editorial or 
pictorial content in any manner b prohibited. No re- 
spotuibility can be accepted for unsolicited materi- 
al. Postmaster, send address changes to Ahoy.', 45 W. 
34lh Street, Suite 407, New York, NY HMOl. Direct 
all address changes or matters cotKcnung your sub- 
scription to Ahoy!, PXl Box #341, Mt. Morris, IL 
61054. All editorial inquiries and software and hard- 
ware to be reviewed should be sent to Ahoy!, 45 W. 
34tb St., Suite, 407, New \brk, NY MOOl. 




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Rudar S«rvlc« No. 104 



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OPEN 7 DAYS 
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y ll=W l=ROM THIS BRIDG I Z^ 




nee upon a time in the home computer 
world, companies took turns releasing the 
Ultimate Machine. One manufecturer's 
pride and joy would barely reach the shelves 
before a more powerful, more cost-efficient, or otherwise 
superior rival would be announced. 

Then came the Amiga 1000. We spent the following 
year and a half waiting for it to be eclipsed. It didn't 
happen. 

But— what a great country this is. To preserve the com- 
petitive spirit of the microcomputer marketplace, Com- 
modore has surpassed its own creation! 

While we saw the Amiga 2000 at a closed-door pre- 
sentation in Commodore's New York offices in Decem- 
ber, we were bound to silence until after the machine's 
late February release date. But as of this issue, the story 
can be told— and is told in graphic detail by Morton Kev- 
elson, beginning on page 53. 

\bu can't buy an Amiga 2000 yet— but there's plenty 
in this issue of Ahoy! to keep you busy on your 64 and 
128 until you can: 

• What a dirty trick Dale Rupert's been playing on 
us these past three years. We thought we were just learn- 
ing programming from the Rupert Report, and having 
a whale of a time doing it. But it recently dawned on 
us that the sneak has been reteaching us all the high school 
and college math we forgot, and many new concepts be- 
sides. The painless learning process continues this month 
with a lesson on Fractals, along with a program for crea- 
ting recursively generated curves. (TUm to page 20.) 

• Making good on his promise to cover a great deal 
besides COMAL in our new column devoted to the lan- 
guage, Richard Herring discusses Turtle Graphics, 
COMAL, and Logo this month. (l\im to page 77.) 

• When Cleveland Blakemore told us he was work- 
ing on his first productivity program for Ahoy!, we be- 
gan counting the days. We knew that if he programmed 
it to the same exacting standards as Hiuli of Terror, The 
Last Ninja, and other classic games, the result would be 
too amazing to picture. As it turned out, Cleve provided 
the pictures —with Infoflow, an icon-driven database for 
the C-128. (TUm to page 37.) 

• But in embarking on a second programming career, 
Cleve has not deserted his specialty. This issue also fea- 
tures Planet Duel, a two-player space battle in BASIC 
7.0. (Him to page 34.) 

• If the bags of gold distributed throughout Tony Brant- 
net's latest game don't turn you into a Scrambler, the laser- 
firing robot sentries will! Cnim to page 34.) 

• Shawn K. Smith's List Formatter rearranges crunched 
C-128 code into a more readable format without sacrific- 
ing speed. (T\im to page 85.) 

• Bob Blackmer dishes up Pieman, requiring you to 
cope in the best Lucy Ricardo tradition with a conveyor 
belt gone bonkers. (T\im to page 15.) 



• James C. Hilty's Laps whips you around a 3-D track 
as you and another player compete for entry in the Ion 
International 500. (Tiim to page 63.) 

• R. Harold Droid places the VIC chip's Extended 
Background Mode— not supported by BASIC 7.0— at the 
disposal of C-128 programmers. (Ibm to page 82.) 

• Our Entertainment Software Section takes a patri- 
otic turn this month with Commodoring for the Cup, pro- 
filing the new America's Cup yssM racing simulations 
from Electronic Arts and Mindscape, and New Baseball 
Games in Town, miming down this season's additions to 
the national pastime. Also featured are full-length looks 
at Video Vegas, Howard the Duck, and Titanic: The Re- 
covery Mission. (Tlim to page 41.) 

• As usual. Tips Ahoy! provides a cream of the crop 
cross section of the hundreds of programming and hard- 
ware hints we receive each month (turn to page 72); Com- 
modores offers several evenings' worth of intellectual de- 
light or living hell -depending on your perspective (turn 
to page 86); and Scuttlebutt capsulizes the most current 
prerelease information on software, peripherals, and other 
items for Commodore users. (T\im to page 8.) 

There's more waiting for you inside. And well be wait- 
ing to hear what you think, —David Ailikas 



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AHOYI 7 



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^MIGA MUSIC • NEW PRINTERS • C428 DESIGN • SUPPORT FOR 
MSD DRIVE, BUS • MIDI SEQUENCER • GAMES FROM MICROPROSE, 
INFOCOM, AaiVISION • LESSON PLANNER • CABLES FOR PUJS/4, 
128 • mo BAUD MODEM • COMMODORE PERIPHERALS AND UBI^ 



COMMODORE PiRIPNIRALS 

While the biggest news to come out 
of Commodore this month is detailed 
beginning on page 53 of this issue, 
three new peripherals were show- 
cased at January's Consumer Elec- 
tronics Show: 

• The Commodore 1581 3.5" Disk 
Drive ($399) provides C-64, C-128, 
Plus/4, and C-16 users with fester data 
transfer (three times that of the 1541), 
and greater storage capacity (808K). 
(Another advantage of SVi" disks is 
of course the protection afforded by 
their hard shells— until you have to 
shell out for them.) 

• The 1764 RAM Expansion 
($129) plugs into the expansion port 
of a C-64 to add 256K of memory. 
Included are two RAM disk pro- 
grams, one for use with GEOS and 
one without, for utilizing the RAM 
module as a pseudo-disk drive for in- 
stantaneous loading and saving of 
programs. 

• The Commodore 1351 Mouse 
($49.00) for the 64 or 128 offers a 
choice of joystick or proportional op- 
erating mode, the latter providing for 
a faster, more responsive onscreen 
pointer. 

Commodore Business Machines, 
Lie, 215-431-9100 (see address list, 
page 14). 

118D AND PC CLONH 

Commodore also announced the 
release in the United States of three 
machines previously available in the 
rest of the world: 

• While 100% C-128 compatible, 
the 128D ($550) features IBM AT- 
like styling with an in-console disk 
drive and a detachable keyboard. The 
main benefit is the unit's smaller foot- 
print, with additional space saved by 

8 AHOn 



Commodores 
1764 RAM Ex- 
pander increas- 
es the capacity 
of the C-64 to 
five times Us 
unexpanded 
size, adding 
256K RAM. 
READER 
SERVICE NO. 157 




The Commo- 
dore 1581 3.5" 
disk drive has 
a data transfer 
rate three times 
that of the 1541, 
and aver 800K 
storage capoid- 
ty per disk. 
READER 
SERVICE NO. 158 



The USD 
sports an in- 
console disk 
drive and a de- 
tached key- 
board. But de- 
spite the new 
configuration, 
U is 100% C- 
128 compatible. 
READER 
SERVICE NO. 159 



placement of the monitor on top of 
the CPU. 

• The PClO-1 ($999) and PClO-2 
($1199), differing only in the number 




of included floppy drives, each fea- 
ture IBM compatibility and built-in 
serial and parallel ports and mono- 
chrome/color display cards. 



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6 Ft. monitor Extension, 5 pindin/3RCA $8.95 

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6 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male $6.95 

9 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male $8,95 

18 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male $16.95 

6 Ft. 6 Pindin Male/Male $6.95 

6 Ft. Centronics. Male/Male $14.95 

6 Ft. Centronics, Male/Femaie $14.95 

6 Ft. RS232, 25 Pin. Male/Female. .$14.95 

9 Ft. 6 Pindin, Male Rt. Angle/Male $9.95 

12 Ft. Joystick Extension $8.95 

6 Ft. 90" Angle 1541 Powercord $9.95 

7 Ft. Modem Extension Cord (Plug-Plug) .$3.95 

15 Ft. Modem Extension Cord (Plug-Plug) $5.95 

25 Ft. Modem Extension Cord (Plug-Plug) $6.95 

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IC Puller (No more poked fingers) $4.95 

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PRECISION PERIPHERALS & SOFTWARE Cell today i 

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Rssder Sarvlce No. 300 



Commodore Business Machines, 
Inc., 215-431-9100 (see address list, 
page 14). 

C-M/128 AND AJMUOA aAMII 

TTie Augusta and Pinehurst courses 
are included on Access Software's Ki- 
mous Courses of the World ($19.95), 
for use with Leader Board for the C- 
64. Each hole reproduces the dis- 
tance, traps, water hazanis, and rough 
of these courses. 

Access Software, 801-298-9077 
(see address list, page 14). 

Tom Clancy's "Red Storm Rising" 
will be adapted for MicroProse by 
Sid Meier {F-15 Strike Eagle, Silent 
Service) sometime In late 1987. The 
game will be the first of a possible 
series based on the million-selling 
novel. 

MicroProse, 301-771-1151 (see ad- 
dress list, page 14), 

Five C-64 arcade entertainments 
from Mindscape, each $29.95: 

Uridium pits you against a squad- 
ron of Super-Dreadnought ships aim- 
ing to deplete your galactic sector's 
mineral resources. 



Commodores 
POO-1 and 
dual drive 
POO-2 (pic- 
tured) are IBM 
clones featur- 
ing built-in 
parallel and se- 
rial ports and 
monochrome/ 
color display 
cards. 
READER 
SERVICE NO. 160 



Trailblazer lets one or two players 
race soccer balls through networks of 
changing color grids on a split 
screen. 20 fixed courses and a ran- 
dom course are included. 

Parallax puts you and four other 
astronauts on an alien planet, where 
you must thwart an imminent attack 
on Earth. 

Uchi Mata lets martial artists prac- 
tice all the major judo throws while 
competing against another player or 
the computer. 




SAVE WITH THE AHOY! 
DISK MAiSAZINE «p 

The money-saving subscription rates for Ahoy! magazine and the Ahoy! 
program disk are now even lower! ' 

If you subscribe to the Ahoy! Disk Wiago^mf -magazine and disk pack- 
aged together -you'll receive the two at substantial savings over the indi- 

dual subscription pricesi 



YEARLY SINGLE 

ISSUE PRICE 

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AHOn PISK 



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Use die postpaid card bound between pages 66 and 67 of this magazine 
to subscribe, (Canadian and foreign prices are higher) 

The Ahoy! Disk Magazine is also available at Waldenbooks and B. Dal- 
ton's bookstores, as well as other fine software outlets. 




FIST: The Legend Continues pits 
pliers against Ninja assassins, sho- 
guns, warriors, mercenaries, and 
panthers on over 100 puzzle- and 
trap-filled screens. 

Mindscape, Inc., 312^80-7667 (see 
address list, page 14). 

The first release in Activision's Sol- 
id (jold series, featuring two old stan- 
dards in one package for under $15, 
will be Pitfall! and Demon Attack. 

Activision, Inc., 415-960-0410 (see 
address list, page 14). 

New from Infocom: 

Hollywood Hijinx worthy of the 
worst "B" movies are what you'll be 
dragged into as you search the 
sprawling Malibu home of your de- 
ceased movie mogul uncle for the ten 
treasures hidden there. If you find 
them all in one night, the shooting 
match is yours. For the 64 ($34.95) 
and Amiga ($39.95). 

Douglas Adams' Bureaucracy en- 
tangles the gamer in miles of red tape, 
starting with a bank's refusal to ac- 
knowledge your change-of-address 
form and leading, just as you'd ex- 
pect, to a tree in the Zalagasan jun- 
gle (among other places). 

Zork I, II, and /// are now avail- 
able in a single package as The Zork 
Trilogy. For the C-64; $59.95. 

Infocom and science museums 
throughout North America are host- 
ing a series of marathon gaming ses- 
sions for high school students, with 
the first team to solve the designated 
text adventure winning a personal 
computer for its school. None were 
scheduled fer enough in advance for 



10 AHOri 




Gridiron! utilizes 

SOOK of Amiga memory 

to combine realistic strategy wUh 

fast action. READER SERVICE NO. m 



us to report on here, but a call to In- 
focom will procure you the latest 
dates and locations. 

Infocom, Inc., 617-492-6000 (see 
address list, page 14). 

The SOOK Gridiron! ($69.95) lets 
Amiga users set 11 individual player 
characteristics, including the speed 
and strength of offensive and defen- 
sive players, and control the action 
as it occurs in real time. All players 
move according to instructions across 
a detailed playing field, accompan- 
ied by digital audio sound effects re- 
corded at a live game. Plays may be 
taken straight from the playbook 
(consisting of 20 offense and 20 de- 
fense) or modified. 

Bethesda Softworks, 301-469-7061 
(see address list, page 14). 

From Electronic Arts: 

As an agent of an organization 
known only as The Foundation, the 
Amiga user seeks to Return to Atlan- 
tis ($49.95) by completing 14 under- 
water missions in various internation- 
al locales. The two-disk graphic ad- 
venture contains over 40,000 words 
of text. 

Co-authored by one of baseball's 
winningest managers, Earl Weaver 
Baseball for the Amiga ($49.95) lets 
the skipper set lineups, trade and 



draft players, design his own ballpark, 
and assemble an all-star team. Spe- 
cial TV effects like slow motion, 
freeze frame, and instant repl^ make 
for more realistic gameplay. Earl's ad- 
vice is available in the program for 
consultation on key decisions. 

The PHM Pegasus combat simula- 
tion for the 64 ($39.95) puts players 
in control of a hydrofoil missile craft 
as they battle enemy vessels in eight 
water war assignments. 

50% larger in code size and more 
challenging than its predecessor, The 
Bard's Tale II: The Destiny Knight 
($39.95) centers around the C-64 
gamer's attempt to find and reassem- 
ble the fragments of the Destiny 
Wand and restore the Realm to peace 
and prosperity. (Additionally, the or- 
iginal Bard's Tale has been released 
in an enhanced Amiga version for 
$49.95.) 

EA has launched its new Amazbg 
Software line of under-$20 games for 
the teen male market with Dan Dare: 
Pilot of the Future, described as "the 
first interactive comic book." Each 
C-64 screen becomes a comic book 
panel that the user controls, with cap- 
tions, 3-D graphics, mazes, puzzles, 
fist fights, and a soundtrack. 

Finally, the following new addi- 



"COMAL seems to be the ideal 
language to use in the middle 
school." - Robert Patry 



"COMAL is the optimal 
educational computing 
language." - Jim Ventola 



"If languages interest you, 
this one is well worth a look 
... You may find that it's just 
what you have been looking 
for." - Jim Butter field. 
COMPUTE! magazine 

"COMAL was just what I was 
looking for." - Colin 
Thompson, RUN magazine 

"I don't have enough space to 
list all the good points!" - 
Noland Brown, Midnite 
Software Gazette 



"I can recommend a better, 
faster, and cheaper 
programming language ... the 
most user friendly language 
around." - Mark Brown, INFO 
magazine 



"Combines some of the best 
features of languages like 
Logo, Modula, Pascal, and Ada 
in an easy to use format." - 
Ahoy magazine 



"COMAL seems to be bringing 
back an interest in 
programming," - C Stafford 



Find out for yourself. Just 
send us a 39 cent stamped 
self addressed envelope. We'll 
send you our 24 page COMAL 
information booklet. 

COMAL Users Group USA Ltd 
6041 Monona Drive, Room 111 
Madison, WI 53716 
phone: (608) 222-4432 

AHOV. n 




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n»*<l»r S«rvl» No. 122 



NEWS 



tions to EA's line of repackaged, un- 
der-$15 Software Classics, some of 
which we can remember bouncing on 
our knee mere months ago; Archon 
II: Adept, Skyfox, Ultimate Wizard, 
Movie Maker, Financial Cookbook, 
and Mind Mirror 

Electronic Arts, 415-960-0410 (see 
address list, page 14). 

THI B-128 UVIS 

For sheer shock value, we thought 
we'd never top last month's announce- 
ment of new software for the PET 
8032, put to sleep years ago by Com- 
modore. But we're able to do it eas- 
ily this issue with the announcement 
of the Chicago B-128 Users Group In- 
ternational. The organization is dedi- 
cated to the support of the computer 
that Commodore itself supported for 
only a few weeks following its release 
in 1983, before withdrawing it in fa- 
vor of the C-64. Actually in opera- 
tion for over a year, CBUG has made 
available working co-processors, hi- 
res boards, and previously shelved 
software, along with publishing a 
quarterly newsletter of over 80 pag- 
es. B-128 owners should contact the 
group for information. 

Chicago B-128 Users Group, 414- 
743-4151 (see addres list, page 14). 

MSD PMVI SUPPORT 

On the subject of adopting or- 
phans, David W. Martin has written 
and published The MSD DOS Refer- 
ence Guide for owners of MSD sin- 
gle and dual drives (no longer being 
manufectured). Provided are com- 
mented RAM and source code ROM 
memory maps, plus a number of pro- 
gram listings. Price is $20 for the 
book, $6 for a program disk, and $3 
shipping (Canada $30, $8, and $7). 

David W. Martin (see address list, 
page 14). 

The MSD Information Exchange 
provides public domain software, a 
newsletter, and odier materials to 
readers who send self-addressed en- 
velopes or disks with self-addressed 
mailers. Contact Paul E. Eckler for 
details. 

MSD Information Exchange (see 
address list, page 14). 



C-128 DMION PR0«RAM 

A drawing program designed for 
the C-128 incorporating the 1750 
512K RAM option, T.H.IS. (Tech- 
nological Highbred Integrated Sys- 
tem) includes 100% tracking in all 
graphic modes, four drawing screens, 
seven font styles, a 48K print buffer, 
and many other features. It can be 
had with light pen ($159) or without 
($59), 

Micro Aided Designs, 714-680- 
5179 (see address list, page 14). 

INCA LINKIR 

Two cables made for the C-128 by 
INCA permit monochrome 80 col- 
umn display on any composite moni- 
tor with RCA jacks. The 80 Column 
Mono Cable for the Commodore 
1701 and 1702 monitors has a switch 
for toggling between 40 and 80 col- 
umns. The 40/80 Column Switch Ca- 
ble is for all other monitors with RCA 
jacks, also with a toggle. (Neither ca- 
ble is intended for use with RGB 
monitors such as the Commodore 
1902, or with any standard TV set.) 

INCA, 619-224-U77 (see address 
list, page 14). 



HOW DOES IT RATE? 




Cables for 80-column C-128 Osplay. 
READER SERVICE NO. 149 



AJMIOA DISK JMANJItfn 

CU-Mate ($34.95) makes it possi- 
ble to perform Amiga disk operations 
without using the CLI or m>rkbench. 
Users can rename and delete files, 
make directories, create multiple file 
copies, adjust page length, margins, 



Overall Rating 


A 


Ease of Use 


A 


Documentation 


A 


Reliability 


A 


Error Handling 


A 


Value for Money 


A 


Commodore 64 disk COMAL 


Starters Kit rated by The 


Book of Commodore 64 


Software 




Performance 


10 


Ease of Use 


9 


Reliability 


9 


Documentation 


8 



Commodore 64 disk COMAL 
rated by The Best Vic/C64 
Software 



• * * * • 



Overall rating: 
Commodore 64 COMAL 
cartridge rated by INFO 
magazine (5 stars is the 
highest possible rating) 



• • • • 



Overall rating: 

Commodore 64 COMAL disk 
rated by INFO magazine 



COMAL is a well designed 
programming language 
available for the following 
computer systems: 



€64 disk: $29.95 
C64/C128 cartridge: $138.95 
IBM PC & MS-DOS: $395.00 
CP/M: $109.95 

Apple Macintosh - late 1987 
Apple He / He - late 1987 



COMAL Users Group USA Ltd 
6041 Monona Drive, Room 111 
Madison, WI 53716 
phone: (608) 222-4432 

AHOri 13 



WE WONT PAY YOUR TAXES! 

But TAX MASTER will nelp you compute them more 
QUICKLY and EASILY Be Ihe MasSer ol your Income 
Taxes wilh TAX MASTER, row availabiB lOr your 5986 
Federal Income Taxes lor the C64,'C128 wilh single, 
twin, or dual disk drive and optional printer 

• FORMS 1040. 4562. i Schedules A.B.C.DE. and F 

• PERFORMS all arilhmeMc CORRECTLY 

• EASY CHANGE 0( any entry, wilh easy RECALCU- 
LATtON of the entire form 

• TRANSFERS numbers between torms 

• CALCULATES your taxes and REFUND Tax tables 
are included 

• SAVES all youi data to disk for luiure ctianges 

• PRINTS the data from eacft form 

• DISCOUNT coupon toward the purchase ot next 
year's updated program 

TAX MASTER (DISK ONLY) ONLY SSO.OO 



TIRED OF SWITCHING CABLES? 

VIDEO MASTEA Mi piovid^^ conlinucigs BO colLirFvr> colo' 
IRGBIJ BO column monDcrttome. and audio out Swilcnbeiwesn 
80 column monoctiiome and 40 column color for compo^tiip 
/nomiof tJ»e up lo* moniio^s al once' Inclutfes camposilci: Jblt 
VIDEO VASTER 12« for Commotfof* 138 »3S.«« 



FED UP WITH SYNTAX ERRORS? 

HELP MASTERS4 piovideslnsiani Or LinpHwpscfef-ns (or an 
69 BASIC corrimands wncn yOu need Ihcm Takes no BASIC 
RAM No inieH^rencfi wiin loading, saving, ediling, of jtunnrng 
BASIC programs Include* 366 page referBncie manual, more 
HELP MASTER U S24.H 



OTHER MASTER SOFTWARE ITEMS 

RESET MASTER tawi switcn *im 2 serial porrs S24.95 

CHIP SAVER KIT p'-otecis I'om sialic 9».»5 

MODEM MASTER user port eKlcrnd^r t2«.K w:resel tM.»9 

Y-N0T7 6ft>o! sorial Y cabl?, 1 mglp. 2 Irmale S1S.00 
C f ZB Wj;oi monochroms cable lor non -RGB moniio' t 9.00 

Surge Pioircioi 6 outEer power sinci fi-tooi cord $21.00 

Disii Noicher - leis you li^ip boin sides ol dish | fl.OO 



MAQTKR 



Smfd tor Free Catalog 



uiifi^nq m uS 1 Cruqi rt rfKkiOM 

rr I »1 .\ |\ r^ a'Um u»* Ca^M>*r POSTAL 
6 Hlllery Ct. monw^ a-Uti Mar^Un^ itMJwirt 

Randallllown. MD 21 T33 "" "" '" u^ 

(301) S22-2962 ^S^ 



Rasdar Sarvica No. 152 




Can Your 
Computer Make 

YOU 

!/ milli6ni^ire? 

'lottery 64. 

It cosjm\o 
Wll^NGi 

LOHERY 
your comi 
lottery gamel 
LOTTERY. 6/ 
believe there is 
"original" LOTTElr 64 




CO.D order! call: 1312)566-4647 

GQ Sup«rtor Micro Systems, lrK.T?||^) 

VMW PO B«< "3 ■ wneeiins IL 60090 \ ^i 
Dealei ingwries yretconie' 



a£ 



and page numbers, and produce 
screen or printed output in HEX or 
ASCn format. A view utility permits 
the accessing, viewing, and copying 
of IFF formatted pictures. 

Progressive Peripherals & Soft- 
ware, 303-825-4144 (see address list, 
page 14). 

FMI SPIRIT'S FIFTH 

The latest in the series, Music of 
the Masters V includes over 50 
themes from popular classical works, 
such as Beethoven's Fifth, the Blue 
Danube, and March of the Toreadors. 
Price of the C-64 disk is $9.95; or 
all five volumes can be purchased for 
$38.95 (shipping free). 

Free Spirit Software, 312-352-7323 
(see address list, page 14). 



and maintains test and treatment rec- 
ords. The programs will conduct cost 
and consumption analysis, and recoixl 
any maintenance action and its costs. 
Free Spirit Software, Inc., 312-352- 
7323 (see address list, page 14). 

PRINTiR OUTPUT 

Epson has reduced list prices on 
four of its dot matrix printers: the 
LQ-800 (to $699 ftom $799), the LQ- 
1000 (to $995 from $1095), the LX- 
86 (to $299 from $349), and the EX- 
800 (to $649 from $749). 

Epson America, Inc., 2B-539-9140 
(see address list, page 14). 

The Seikosha SP-LZOOAI ($319) 
prints at 120 cps in draft and 25 cps 
in NLQ mode, at a noise level un- 
der 52 dBA. Features include remov- 
able tractor unit and automatic sin- 
gle sheet loading. 

Seikosha America Inc., 201-529- 
4655 (see address list, page 14). 

Continued on page 114 



END SOFTWARI 

Swimming Pool Chemistry Data- 
base for the C-128 ($19.95) calculates 
the required doses of pool chemicals 

Companies Mentioned In Scwfflebvffff 

Access Software, Inc. 

2561 South 1560 West 

Woods Cross. UT 84087 

Phone: 801-298-9077 Free Spirit Software 

538 S. Edgewood 

LaGrange, IL 60525 

Phone: 312-352-7323 



Torrance, CA 90505 
Phone; 213-539-9140 



Mindscape Inc. 

3444 Dundee Road 
Northbrook, IL 60062 
Phone: 312-480-7667 



I 



Activision, Inc. 

2350 Bayshone Parkw^ 
Mountain View, CA 94043 
Phone: 415-960-miO 



Raadar Sarvica No. 154 



Bethesda Softworks 

9208 Burning Tree Road 
Bethesda, MD 20817 
Phone: 301-469-7061 

Chicago B-128 Users 
Group 

1723 Michigan 
Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 
Phone: 414-743-4151 

Commodore Business 
Machines, Inc. 

1200 Wilson Drive 
West Chester, PA 19380 
Phone: 215-431-9100 

Electronic Arts 

1820 Gateway Drive 
San Mateo, CA 94404 
Phone: 415-571-7171 

Epson America, Inc. 

2780 Lomita Boulevard 



INCA 

1249 Downing Street 
P.O. Box 789 

Imperial Beach, CA 92032 
Phone: 619-224-1177 

Infocom, Inc. 

125 CambridgePark Drive 
Cambridge, MA 02140 
Phone: 617-492-6000 

MSD Information 
Exchange 

2705 Hulman Street 
Terre Haute, IN 47803 

Micro Aided Designs 

1311 South Highland Drive 
Fullerton. CA 92632 
Phone: 714-680-5179 

MicroProse 

120 Lakefront Drive 
Hunt Valley. MD 2J030 
Phone; 301-771-1151 



Passport Designs Inc. ^" 

625 Miramontes Street 
Half Moon Bay, CA 94019 
Phone: 415-726-0280 



R.M. Harris 

P.O. Box 12303 

Fort Wayne. IN 46863 



I 



Seikosha America Inc. 

1111 Macarthur Boulevard 
Mahwah, NJ 07430 
Phone: 201-529-4655 _ 

Small Systems Softivare 

150 Chapman Drive 
Wellsburg, WV 26070 
Phone: 304-737-289! 

Tuneworks, Inc. 

444 Lake Cook Road 
Deerfield, IL 60015 
Phone: 312-948-9200 

Thms Com, Inc. 

703-13 Annoreno Drive 
Addison, IL 60101 
Phone: 312-543-9055 




14 AHOri 




For the C-64 

By Bob Blackmer 



ceding to make a little extra cash, you are 
elated to hear about an opening at the Ahoy! 
Pie Emporium as a counterman. After an 
interview with the manager, he agrees to hire 
you. You listen attentively as he describes your duties, 
which consist of taking pies off the conveyor line and 
giving them to the waiting customers. You say to your- 
self, This job is a piece of cake!" After serving several 
customers and brimming with confidence, you begin to 
sense that the piemaking machine is running a little fest. 
Not having the experience to service the machine, you 
do your best as some of the pies begin to hit the floor. . . . 
Pieman is a colorful arcade game for the C-64 written 
in machine language. The object of the game is to serve 
all the customers that show up at the Ahoy! Pie Emporium. 
To take a pie, position yourself so you can see your 
hands above the conveyor line and when a pie goes by, 




press the fire button of a joystick plugged in Port 2. You 
will now have a pie, which you take to the service coun- 
ter. When you are in front of the customer, press the fire 
button and you will make a sale. After you have sold 
a number of pies, the conveyor will speed up. At this 
point, some pies will begin to land on the floor. When 
you have ruined 30 pies, the Ahoy! Pie Emporium will 
close to clean up and hire a new counterman. How many 
pies can you sell? 

Pieman must be entered using Fkmkspeed (see page 87) . 
After typing in and saving Pieman, reset the computer and 
LOAD "PIEMAN",8,1. Then SYS 49152 to start. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE 94 



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Raader S«rvlca No. 139 



AHOYi 15 




COMMODORE 64c 





Includes the GEOS program. 

SALES 159.95 

Lisi $299 



BLUE CHIP 
DISK DRIVE 




SALE $159^95 



Lis! S249 



TV TUNER 

Now switch your computer 

monitor into a television set with 

the flick of a switch.This Tuner 

has dual UHF/VHF selector 

switches, mute, automatic fine 

tuning and computer/TV 

selector switches. Hooks up 

between your computer and 

monitor! Inputs included for 300 

ohm, 75 ohm, and UHF. 

SALE$ 49^95 

List $130 



13" COLOR 
MONITOR 




I High Resolution, 1000 character 

display; with built in audio 

speaker with volume control. 

|sALE$i79 95 

List $329 



' OUR MfAfuiiiMrir • 

All our products carry a minimum 90 day warranty 

from the date of purchase. If problems arise, simply 

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via U.P.S. prepaid. This proves once again that... 

\M' lowOurCihtonuTs! 



COMMODORE 12» 




SALE$2g9.00 



List $399 



BIG BLUE PRINTER 




This is the affordable printer 

you've waited for! 8'/i" letter 

size, SO column dot matrix, heat 

transfer printer features upper 

and lower case, underline, 

graphics, word processing, and 

much more. 

SALES 39 95 

List $199 



COMSTAR 1000 
PRINTER 




Print letters, documents, etc., at 

100 cps. Works in Near Letter 

Quality mode. Features are dot 

addressable graphics, adjustable 

tractor and friction feed, margin 

settings, pica, elite, condensed, 

italics, super/subscript, underline, 

& more. CBM Interface Included 

SALE $179 95 

List $349 



1571 DISK DRIVE 




SALES 259.95 



List $349 



PRINTER & 

TYPEWRITER 

COMBINATION 

Superb Silver Reed letter quality 
daisy wheel printer/typewriter, 

just a nick of the switch to 

interchange. Extra large carriage, 

typewriter keyboard, automatic 

margin control, compact, 

lightweight, drop in cassette 

ribbon! Includes Centronics 

Parallel Interface 

SALE$17995 

List $299 



160-180 CPS 
N.L.Q. 180 
PRINTER 

This printer has a Near Letter 

Quality button on the front panel. 

No more turning the printer on and 

off. The 8K buffer will free up 

your computer four times faster 

than conventional printers and the 

high speed will keep you 

computing more than printing. 

Super graphics along with Pica, 

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Lifetime Warranty on Print Head 

plus 6 month immediate 

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SALES 199.00 

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MUSICAL KEYBOARD 

This sturdy 40 key professional 
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gives the feel and response of a 

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(Conductor software required) 

SALE* 69.00 

List $159.95 



1200 BAUD MODEM 

Save time and money with this 

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^^■l^ractals are paradoxical in nature. Fractals are 

W^ m the most complicated geometrical structures 

\ ^l^k imaginable. On the other hand, they may be 

J created by repeatedly applying very simple 

^tr rules. 

The mathematical concepts involving fractals have been 
studied since the early 1900's. It is only recently with 
the advent of high-powered computers and graphics dis- 
plays that these geometric marvels have become front- 
page news. 

This month we will look at one type of fractal construc- 
tion, recursively generated curves. We will develop a pro- 
gram for the C-I28 to show various stages of fractal crea- 
tion. The techniques will be appUcable to other computers, 
but they must provide a line-drawing routine to imple- 
ment the program. 

BIAUTY IN nmTITION 

To create a fractal curve, start with a line segment called 
the "initiator." To this initiator apply some rule called the 
"generator." The generator will generally break the initia- 
tor into smaller segments of various orientations. The 
next step of fractal generation is to apply the generator 
rule to each of the small segments created by the first 
application. This process is repeated as desired (or until 
computer memory or graphics resolution are exceeded). 

The initiator and the first two applications of a gener- 
ator are shown in Figure 1. The initiator for our purposes 
is a horizontal line segment starting at the point (0,0). 
We are using standard cartesian-coordinate notation. The 
first number of the pair is the X or horizontal position. 
The second number is the Y or vertical position. 

The generator in this example subdivides the initiator 
horizontally into thirds, so we will think of the initiator 
as extending from (0,0) to (3,0). This generator consists 
of four segments as shown in Figure IB. The segments 
go from point (0,0) to (1,0), from (1,0) to (2,1), from (2,1) 
to (2,0), and firom (2,0) to (3,0). 

In words, this generator on a horizontal uiitiator may 
be described as "right one unit, up and right one unit, 
down one unit, right one unit." "Right" means in the posi- 
tive X direction, and "up" means in the positive y direc- 
tion. The generator always starts at (0,0), the left-hand 
point of the initiator, and it must eventually end up at 
the right-hand point of the initiator. 

The generator in Figure IB is the Level 1 fractal curve. 
To create the Level 2 curve, apply the generator rules 
to each of the four segments in the Level 1 curve. Sim- 
ply divide each of the segments in Figure IB into thirds 
and construct a miniature of the Level 1 curve on each 
segment. The results are shown in Figure IC. 



The terms "right" and "up" are not exactiy appropriate 
for a segment which is not horizontal fi-om left to right. 
However, for such segments, just rotate the segment until 
it is horizontal, then apply the generator rules, and final- 
ly rotate it back. 

BRING ON THE SOFTWARE 

Level 1 and Level 2 curves can readily be drawn by 
hand. Beyond the Level 2 curve, the use of pencil and 
paper becomes tedious and error-prone indeed. To the 
rescue comes the personal computer with its wonderful 
graphics capabiUties. The program Fractal Maker on page 
110 provides a general-purpose fractal generating tool. 

The program is written for the C-128. To implement 
it on the C-64 would require the addition of a high resolu- 
tion line-drawing statement. A DRAW or LINE state- 
ment is available in some of the advanced BASICs for 
the C-64. (For the really ambitious, the September '84 
and August '85 Rupert Reports present line drawing and 
high resolution plotting routines which could be adap- 
ted for this purpose.) 

This program displays a menu from which any one 
of nine fractal generators may be chosen. The descrip- 
tions of the generators are stored in DATA statements 
beginning at line 10(X)0. The main loop of the program 
is contained in lines 100 through 800. It consists of six 
primary functions. We will discuss each one. 

The menu routine starts at line 9000. As written, it 
allows only nine choices. The number of choices is con- 
tained in NUMSEL in line 9110. To expand the menu 
to more choices would require additional logic or else 
the use of the INPUT statement instead of the GETKEY 
statement in line 9140. With GETKEY, the RETURN 
key is not pressed to make a selection. 

Line 9170 does the heavy work in this routine. It cal- 
culates a line number DL corresponding to a DATA state- 
ment belonging to the selected firactal generator. The RE- 
STORE DL statement sets the READ-DATA pointer to 
the selected line. Consequently, the line numbers begin- 
ning at 10000 must not be changed. The data section for 
fractal number one starts at line lOKX). Fractal numbers 
two and three start at 10200 and 10300, and so forth. We 
will discuss the data structure shortly. 

The second routine in the main loop is the initializa- 
tion beginning at line 2(XK). This routine reads the first 
two data values N and R pointed to by the menu routine. 
These are the numbers of segments in the generator (N) 
and of horizontal subdivisions (R) of the initiator. 

For our example in Figure 1 above, N would be 4 and 
R would be 3. The initialization routine dimensions the 
necessary arrays depending upon the total number of seg- 




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8«me«Ho.110 



ments which will be drawn at the highest level. The 
amount of memory and the number of segments in the 
generator determine the maximum number of levels 
which can be displayed. 



The third main-loop routine sets up a split-screen, high 
resolution graphics mode with two lines of text at the 
bottom of the screen. This routine also initializes the 
graphics window constants so that images of various sizes 
can be scaled to fill the screen. (The details of this rou- 
tine are presented in the September '86 Rupert Report: 
Windows, Viewports, and a Moebius Strip.) 

The coordinates of the graphics window are read in 
line 3060. Each fractal has a window size given for it. 
The four numbers are WL, WR, WB, and WT corre- 
sponding to the left, right, bottom, and top coordinates 
of the window through which the fractal image is viewed. 

Some explanation is in order. For the fractal in Figure 
1, the left-most point has a horizontal (X) value of and 
the right-most point has an X value of 3. To make the 
curve go completely across the screen, we would set WL 
and WR to and 3 respectively. The vertical size of the 
fractal can be estimated by looking at the Level 2 curve 
in Figure IC. The lowest vertical (Y) value is 0, and the 
curve doesn't extend above a Y value of 1. So we could 
specify and 1 for WB and WT respectively. 

These numbers are not critical. If we chose -0.5 and 
1.5 for WB and WT, the fractal would not fill the screen 
vertically. There would be some blank screen above and 
below the image. These window values mean that the 
screen will show all points with vertical values ranging 
from -0.5 up to 1.5. There is a blank border since our 
image extends only from up to 1 vertically. These num- 
bers can be chosen to change the X to Y aspect ratio 
of the screen so that a one-by-one object is really square 
on the screen. 

If the range of the window values is too small, the im- 
age will be crunched wherever it hits the window bor- 
der. It is better to choose a window which is too large 
rather than too small. The whole image can be seen (al- 
though perhaps shrunken) in a large window, although 
it will be distorted at the edges by a small window. 

To aid in creating your own fractals, the program keeps 
track of the minimum and maximum X and Y values 
actually plotted in the image. Those values are presented 
to you after the last level fractal has been displayed. \bu 
may use those numbers in the DATA statements for WL, 
WR, WB, and WT if you want the highest level fractal 
to completely fill the screen. 

Generally it is best to set WB slightly below the low- 
est Y value of the fractal, since the two lines of text at 
the bottom of the split screen cover up part of the graph- 
ics image. 

THE OENERATOR 

The routine at line 4000 reads the remaining data for 
the selected fractal. These values are the X,Y pairs for 



the coordinates of each of the midpoints in the genera- 
tor. Note that there must be N-1 pairs of values where 
N is the number of line segments in the generator (speci- 
fied in the first DATA statement). The generator data pairs 
do not include the starting point 0,0. Also the data val- 
ues do not include the ending point. The ending point 
will always be R,0 where R is the number of horizontal 
subdivisions specified in the first DATA statement. 

For the example in Figure I, there would be three pairs 
of data values: (1,0), (2,1), and (2,0), The left and right 
endpoints (0,0) and (3,0) must not be listed. Consequent- 
ly the DATA statements for Figure 1 would be: 

lOlOO REM - FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE 
10120 DATA 4,3 
10140 DATA 0,3,0,1 
10160 DATA 1,0, 2,1, 2,0 

To display this fractal, we must replace one of the nine 
sets of data. Here we have arbitrarily replaced the first 
set. (Before entering this new data, you might manually 
renumber lines 10100 - 10160 to 20100 - 20160 for exam- 
ple. That way you won't need to retype the data if you 
want the original fractal back.) 

As a brief summary of the data structure, line 10120 
gives the number of segments (N) and the horizontal 
width (R) of the generator. Line 10140 gives the left, right, 
bottom, and top \alues for the scr^n window (WL, WR, 



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AHOYl 23 



WB, WT) dependent upon the size of the fractal. Line 
10160 lists the N-I pairs of midpoints of the generator 
in order, not including the two endpoints. 

The generator routine assigns the endpoint values in 
lines 4020 and 4030. It reads the midpoint values and 
scales them to the horizontal range of to 1 in lines 4050 
to 4080. The loop in lines 4090 through 4140 calculates 
the horizontal and vertical distances (deltas) between con- 
secutive points and stores them in the DX and DY arrays. 



(0,0) 



Figure 1A— Initicrtor 



(2,11 




(0,0) (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) 

Figure IB— Gunurcrter (Level 1) 




Figure IC— Level 2 Fractal 



READY TO DRAW 

After all this preparation, the routine beginning at line 
5000 is ready to begin calculating, storing, and drawing 
each level of the specified curve. The X and Y arrays 
store the coordinates of each point drawn. 

The amount of available memory determines the num- 
ber of levels which can be drawn. The REM arks should 
help figure out the operation of this part of the program. 
We will use our example from Figure 1 to provide a cur- 
sory description of the program flow sequence. 

Assume the maximum number of levels (ML) to be 
plotted is three. (This is just an example; it is not the 
actual number which would be calculated in line 2020.) 
The number of segments (N) in the generator is 4. Line 

24 AHOY! 



2030 calculates the number of points in the final (level 
3) curve to be 64, not including the initial point (0,0). 
The arrays X and Y have been dimensioned to contain 
elements from to 64 apiece. 

The left endpoint is in X(0), Y(0). The right endpoint 
is in X(64), Y(64). The three midpoints of the genera- 
tor are evenly spaced throughout the array. The fii^t mid- 
point is stored in element 16 (X(16) and Y(16) ). The other 
midpoints are in elements 32 and 48. These values are 
calculated and stored as the Level 1 curve is drawn. 

The next level of the routine takes each consecutive 
pair of those Level 1 points, subdivides the segments be- 
tween them, and calculates the three new midpoints for 
each of those segments. There will be 16 segments in 
Level 2. 

These new points fit into the X and Y arrays between 
the points already there. For example, the three midpoints 
of the first segment are stored in elements 4, 8, and 12. 
Now the first segment is defined by elements through 
16 in steps of 4 of the X and Y arrays. 

The third and final level subdivides each of the 16 seg- 
ments into 4 more subsegments, giving a total of 64 seg- 
ments. Since this is the highest level to be drawn, these 
new segment midpoints are stored in adjacent array lo- 
cations, and the array is fiill. 

For each segment at any given level, there are N— 1 
new subsegments to be determined. The loop at line 5120 
steps through each segment from the previous level, and 
the loop at line 5220 calculates the N-1 new subseg- 
ment endpoints for each of those segments. 

The program pauses at the end of each level. Press 
any key to proceed to the next level . Once the last level 
is displayed, a key press returns to the text screen where 
the actual displayed minimum and maximum values are 
listed. You may record these and modify the window 
coordinates in the DATA statements if the image is not 
properly filling the screen. 

If you press any key during the calculation of a level, 
the computer asks whether you want to continue with 
that level or return to the menu. It may take a moment 
for the program to recognize your keystroke, since, for 
execution speed, the keyboard is checked only after each 
segment is complete. 

The technical details of the program are quite involved. 
The operation of the program is quite straightforward. 
If you understand the structure of the DATA statements, 
you may easily create your own fractal generators. Read- 
ing about the program is nowhere near as enjoyable as 
running it. 

PROGRAM INTRICACIES 

Here are a few technical aspects of the Fractal Maker 
program. Line 9 was a last minute addition to make up 
for a BASIC 7.0 bug. The first time the program was run 
after booting, it would stop widi a "7SYNTAX ERROR 
IN 5020" error. Upon running it again, everything worked 
fine. It turns out that if the DEF FN in line 50 occurs 
before die high-resolution graphics screen is established 




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Raider Service No. 113 



in line 3010, the first application of the defined function 
causes the syntax error. The solution is simply to define 
the graphics screen (set aside the memory block) before 
defining the function. 

To see this error, delete Une 9. Type GRAPHIC CLR 
to deallocate graphics memory space, then type RUN. 
After you choose a menu item, the program halts with 
the syntax error. Replace line 9, or just run the program 
again, and everything is fine. 

Line 10 represents another very interesting aspect of 
BASIC 7.0. Line 10 branches to a block of statements 
which simply defines all of the scalar (non-dimensioned) 
variables. The program runs much more slowly for the 
initialization and first level if the scalar variables are not 
all defined before the arrays are dimensioned. Evidently 
if any new scalar variables are defined after the arrays 
are dimensioned, the arrays are "moved around" in mem- 
ory. With 6000-element arrays, this moving around takes 
an appreciable amount of time. 

For example, when NP is 4096, (X and Y arrays are 
dimensioned to 4096 each in line 2050), the time in jiifies 
for the main routines at lines 2(X)0, 3000, and 406o are 
as follows: 



Routine at 
line. . . 






With Line 10 


\^ithout Line 10 


2000 


44 jiffies 


42 jiffies 


3000 


29 jiffies 


2058 jiffies 


4000 


54 jiffies 


306 jiffies 



The routine at 2000 did not vary much since the arrays 
were not dimensioned until the end of that routine. (It 
is not clear why it took longer with line 10 in place.) 
The whopping difference of over 30 seconds for the rou- 
tine at line 3000 is certainly proof of the significance 
of this rule: 

For programs using large arrays, define all non-di- 
mensioned variables before dimensioning the arrays. 

The order in which variables are defined can also af- 
fect program execution speed. Define the most frequent- 
ly used variables first. First in the list at line 8010 are 
the variables contained within the inner loop between 
lines 5230 and 5350, since this is the most-utilized code 
segment. 

There are other ways you could improve the speed of 
this program. By combining several statements into one 
line and by removing the REMs at the ends of lines, you 
may find a measurable improvement. (Leave the REMs 
at the beginnings of lines since they are referenced by 
other parts of the program.) Only the statements in the 
main loop starting at line 5000 as well as the subrou- 
tines called by that loop will significantly affect execu- 
tion times. Don't bother compressing the other portions. 

Once you know the minimum and maximum values 
for the displayed points of your fi^ctals, you could de- 

26 AHOYI 





,ti.xt 



^*7--t7 



M 






12, 










d\f\' 



Fractal Maker printer dumps (see text) 



lete the section of code which keeps track of those val- 
ues. Simply delete the GOSUB 7100 statement in line 
5310 as well as the statement in line 600, 

Another way to really speed up the program is to run 
in the FAST mode. Unfortunately you won't see the im- 
age being drawn (that is at least half the fiin), but at the 
end of each level, the program could return to SLOW 
mode to show the results. 




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Program works only on a Commodore 64" and 128."" 



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The routines at lines llOCX), 12000, and 13000 are not 
accessible from the main program. You may use them 
to save the screen image to a disk file, to load the image 
from a disk file, or to print the image on an Epson-com- 
patible dox matrix printer. 

Once the image has been drawn, return to the menu 



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1 



and press Q to quit. The image still remains in the graph- 
ics memory. Type GOTO 11000 and give a filename to 
save the image. To load an image from disk, in direct 
mode type GOTO 12000 and give the filename. To see 
the image, type GRAPHIC 1. 

The third routine will not be useful unless you have 
an Epson-compatible graphics printer. You may want to 
substitute your own screen dump routine for this one if 
you have a different printer. To print the graphics screen, 
type GOTO 13000. You may type FASTGOTO 13000 to 
speed up the process. Then type SLOW when the print- 
ing is finished. 

Otirar Recourcei 

1. Dewdney, A.K. "Computer Recreations," Sciei 
tific American, Aug. 1985. 

2. Mandelbrot, Benoit. The Fractal Geometry of Na- 
ture. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 
1983. 

3. Sorenson, Peter R. "Fractals," Byte, Sept. 1984. 

A distinguishing characteristic of fractals is their self- 
similarity at any level of magnification. Each portion has 
characteristics of the whole image. Other characteristics 
of fractals are discussed in the defmitive volume on the 
subject. The Fractal Geometry of Nature by Benoit Man- 
delbrot (see below). It shows many other types of fractals 
besides the recursive curves we are discussing here. The 
terms in this article and the basic procedure for genera- 
ting fractals are derived from the discussions in Man- 
delbrot's book. 

For further reading on fractals and other fractal pro- 
grams, try the other two articles Usted below. Fractal Ma- 
ker should provide many evenings (or months of even- 
ings) of creative exploration. It may open up a whole 
new world for you. Let me know of your discoveries. D 
SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE HO 




Expand your vocabulary 
Take on a new language 




Features of Super Pascal: 

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R«Ml«r Service No. Ill 



Have your 
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DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED 

R«dw Swvie* No. 114 



E t 



SCRAMBLER 

For the C-64 

By Tony Brantner 




Scrambler requires split-second timing as you 
run, jump, and climb finom the ground floor to 
the top, dodging armed robot sentries and 
collecting bags of gold along the way. 
Using Flankspeed (see page 87), type in and save a 
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it to the left or right to move him in the corresponding 
direction. When you come to a ladder, push the joystick 
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Each floor is occupied by a roving robot sentry capable 
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On each of the upper floors is a bag of gold. To col- 
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You begin each game with three lives. Once you climb 
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in reserve. You'll need them, since each succeeding lev- 
el features iaster robots and lasers to contend with. There 
are twelve levels in all. Any time you need a break, press 
the SHIFT-LOCK key. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE 91 






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Does NOT use existing memorj- 

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Takes the place of at least 6 separate dewces, D Disk Turbo-ShwMS 
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long, tedious command sequences 
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relcK'flted load-scrolling up and 
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touch. OUreciMi>. .in ii;ii'.i.i!i> deleted pnogituns. Renumbering, Find, 
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Other Convenient features 

Freezer- 'IS sub menus • color changes • 4 n»sets • centnonics/serial 
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automalicallv • creates one tile on disk or tape • freezes 4 to 6 limes 
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• Banker Certified Check. Per- 
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IF YOU STILL THINK (Ci 

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The Graphic Environment Operating 
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new possibihties for Commodores. With 
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F0NTPACK1 $29?" 

A collection of 20 more fonts for use with 
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GEOULC «49!s 

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GEOPRIMTCABIE $393^ 

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Sooner or later, you're going to discover that there's more to 
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H 



Berkeley 
Softworks 



The brightest minds are working at Berkeley. 



Ra«d«r Ssrvlca No. 112 




For the C-128 

By Cleveland M. Blakemore 





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The energy gauge is sputtering on empty after a 
massive hit under your fuselage by a nuke. 
Your right engine is smoking. Your shields 
are out. You know if you sustain any more 
damage, you and your ship will be toast floating over 
the rocky terrain below. 

You're betting if you can just make it to the Mycho 
Braha Valley, youll be able to lure the enemy ship into 
the trench under the natural bridge there, pull out, and 
hit him from above with a counterstrike. It's one chance 
in a million, but what do you have to lose? 

If only you'd spent a little more money on your armor 
shielding. . . 

Where is that alien scum, anyway? Hey! He's right be- 
hind you! He's firing his torpedoes! Aaaahhhh. . . .boom!!! 

The game is Planet Duel, a two-pl^er game for the 
C-128 in BASIC 7.0. 

This is a two-plj^er combat game, played on the hi- 
res screen over a colorful asteroid plain. 

You will design your own combat fighter by choosing 
from three different menus to select armament, shield- 
ing, and engines. 

Each player starts with $800 to spend on his or her 
fighter, and it is not mandatory to spend it aU. Any un- 
spent money will be credited to the player's account, and 
reimbursed in the form of extra energy units in shielding. 

Each menu of equipment has a selection of four dif- 
ferent choices, as listed here. Each piece of hardware costs 

from $100-$400, so 



Reader Service No. 151 



(Speed and damage of 
firepower) 

1) Laser torpedoes 

2) Photon charges 

3) Plasma cannon 
dU Nuclear missiles 

SHIELDING 

(Protective factor of armor)^ 

1) Chromium plating 

2) Deflector web 

3) Kirlian field 

4) Shrell sphere 

ENGINES 

(Speed and maneuverabilityj 
of ship) 

1) Atomics 

2) Ion propulsion 

3) Tachyon drive 

4) Haiycon overthrusti 



budget your money 
wisely. If you over- 
spend on the first two 
menus and have no 
money left on the third 
menu, you will be 
issued a standard space 
corps hydrogen fuel 
booster (which crawls 
along like a covered 
wagon in space). So be 
sure to save some for 
your engine, which is 
the last and most im- 
portant piece of equip- 
ment. 

If you select the fest- 
est engine, the Haiy- 
con overthruster, look 
out! You will fly 
around so fast you'll 
find it hard even to get 



34 AHOYi 



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Good Commissions— 
Nalional Marketing 




Reader Sarvlo No. 115 



your opponents in your sight. However, you will be able 
to dodge his fire easily if you are dexterous. 

When you pl^ the game the first couple of times, ex- 
pect several midair collisions with your opponent before 
you get the hang of it. It's easy to smash into each other 
with all that zooming and wrapping around. Midair ex- 
plosions end the game in a stalemate and take you back 
to the menu. 

You will each start out with 100 units of energy (ERG) 
in your shields, which may be more if you save some 
money from purchases. 

Your missiles, launched by using the fire button, orbit 
the planet continuously until they hit something, so watch 
out for your opponent's fire wrapping around and hit- 
ting you from behind. 

Space travel also wraps around the screen, but colli- 
sions will not occur unless both ships are touching on 
the visible screen! Use this wraparound to hide, or to 
come up behind your opponent. 

You are safe from your opponent's fire if your ship is 
cruising below the level of the cliffe and mountains on 
the planet, and this feature ma^* occasionally come in 
handy to rest up from battle for a few seconds. 

The game is completely in BASIC, and you will prob- 
ably be amazed at how incredibly fast and responsive 



it is in lieu of machine language. Actually this is my eighth 
game on the C-128, and it took all that experience to get 
the machine to run this way. There is a great deal about 
the C-128 that only trial and error can teach, and I had 
to learn fiiom my mistakes before I could program a game 
like this. I hope you find it representative of Commo- 
dore's extensive advertising for "arcadelike" games in 
BASIC 7.0! 

The first time you run the game, the program takes 
about 40 seconds to draw the hi-res image, but after that 
it will leave the picture on the screen, so there is little 
to no wait for the second round of combat. A friend of 
mine and I battled it out for 20 minutes before finally 
finishing a round, so I think you will find it challenging. 

Experiment with different ship configurations until you 
get a fighter that handles the way you want, and then 
try modifying that ship to see if you can get an advan- 
tage over your opponent's design. The game can be a 
great deal like "scissors-rock-paper," with the design of 
your opponent's ship directly affecting the success of your 
own fighter craft, so there is definitely a great deal of 
strategy as well as dexterity involved in the game. 

RUN STOP/RESTORE exits the game. Have a blast 
playing Planet Duel. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE 105 



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36 AHOYl 





INFOFLOW 




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Sort Suroh HirtfeoPii {"'"''•gS 





Icon Databose for the C-128 

By Cleveland M. Blakemore 



The C-128 is a personal computer that seems to 
lend itself to interesting new ideas. It has a way 
of bringing out a sort of experimental spirit in a 
programmer. One minute you're just puttering 
around on the keyboard, and the next thing you know 
you've worked out the basic structure of a program. 

This is partly due to the feet that the version of BASIC 
on the C-128 is the most comprehensive, simplest lan- 
guage ever to come packaged with a micro. It is very 
easy to visualize programs in terms of commands and 
routines, and because there are so many available instruc- 
tions there seems to be a good one for any situation that 
might arise. 

If you're familiar with the Macintosh or Amiga, you 
already know what an icon-based system is and how it 
works. It is quite simply a menu of pictures instead of 
words. Rather than typing in a numeric choice, you use 
an arrow or pointer to select different pictures, and pro- 
gram flow is directed to the appropriate subroutine. 

Most of these systems come packaged with a device 
called a mouse. A mouse is a small box with a trackball 
on the bottom that is rolled on a smooth surface to con- 
trol the onscreen arrow. Although the following program 
is designed to work with the C-128's new mouse, the 1350, 
it will also work with any quality joystick plugged into 
Ptort 2. 

The program takes a few seconds to boot up, as it has 
to POKE some data into memory. The screen will blank 
for a moment during this, and when it reappears you will 
be looking at the screen of Infqflow, an icon-operated 
database. 

I confess I designed Infqflow for myself, as an alter- 
native to many of the commercial databases I have owned. 
I incorporated all those features that were important to 
me; in fact, I tried to consolidate the best of all the data- 
bases I have ever used into one really terrific informa- 
tion filing system. I hope you will find it suitable for your 
needs, but you may miss certain features that would nor- 
mally be there that I consider superficial. Since I use 
it mostly for addresses, dates, and record keeping, I de- 
signed it around these functions, and tried to keep it as 



streamlined and simple as possible. You will probably 
gather after a few minutes that I am a person who in- 
sists on doing things fast, fast, fest— and you would be 
right. 

Before we go on, perhaps it would be best to briefly 
describe a database system and how it works for those 
of you who may be unfamiliar with them. A database 
is a software environment that is used to keep track of 
information, and to organize and store it in such a way 
as to make the information useful to human beings. 

All databases have several things in common. They 
have the capability to add information, modify existing 
information, and delete, sort, list, search through, and 
print out information. 

Usually the information is organized in a manner sim- 
ilar to information systems maintained physically on paper 
or some other medium. This viould naturally mean some- 
thing like filing cabinets, with drawers and folders. Since 
this type of system is easier to visualize for human be- 
ings, we'll be using this format for our database. You can 
think of each different file, with categories like Friends, 
Record Collection, or Important Dates, as being a draw- 
er in a file cabinet. Now each folder in this file cabinet 
would be a RECORD, and each record would have sev- 
eral fields, or categories of information. 

For instance, in a drawer called PERSONAL DATA, 
we might have 50 records. Each record might have three 
fields, e.g. Name, Address, Phone Number. Each field 
should have an entry, so that any time we wanted we could 
find information for that record, like the phone number 
of one of our friends, in the record with his name. 

Now that we have a rudimentary understanding of data- 
bases, let's delve into Infoflow and see what makes it so 
different from other programs like it. 

To select a choice from the menu, you merely move ; 
the arrow to the icon until it is touching (the arrow be- ' 
gins to "bump" or "stick") and push the button on your ; 
mouse or joystick. j 

There are eight icons to choose from on the screen. ■ 
The upper four icons are labeled "SAVE/LOAD" (disk \ 
drive with disk above it), "NEW FILE" (filing cabinet), i 

AHOri 37 




"DELETE" (trash can), and "VIEW/ADD" (eyeball). 
The lower four are labeled "SORT (file cabinet with 
letters "ABC" beside it), "SEARCIT (picture of several 
folders with arrow running alongside them), "HARD- 
COPT' (arrow pointing to manuscript), "CURRENT 
RECORD" (file cabinet with drawer open and folder to 
left side). 
We'll begin by creating a small database, to get a feel 
for the system. It's best to start out 
with something simple to experi- 
ment with. 

Our filing cabinet is empty 
when the program first starts, so 
we'll either have to load in an old 
file we have previously created or 
initialize a new file. Since this is 
our first time in Infoflow, we select 
the icon "NEW FILE". There is a 
buzz, and we see the prompt "Filename", indicating In- 
foflow needs to know what we are going to call the new 
file we are creating. Well type in "Personal" and hit 
RETURN. 

"foull notice that the input routine does not have a flash- 
ing cursor or question mark. That's because it's a special 
input routine that accepts commas, colons, and even quo- 
tation marks, putting Infoflow a notch above other data- 
bases in this respect. Using commas in addresses and 
lists is often very important, but BASIC 7.0 normally is- 
sues an EXTRA IGNORED error when it finds a comma 
in the input buffer. Infoflow's input routine also ignores 
all cursor movements and control characters, accepting 
only alphanumeric input. The only control keys function- 
ing are the DELETE key to back up over mistakes, and 
the RETURN key. This input routine saves a lot of hassle 
and trouble normaUy associated with BASIC'S input com- 
mand. Infoflow also uses GET# to retrieve and save in- 
formation to disk, because INPUT# does not properly 
receive strings with embedded commas. 

Since Infoflow prefixes files on the disk with an "IF[" 
to identify only those files pertinent to it, filenames are 
limited to 10 characters or less. This should not prove 
to be a problem unless you have similar files you want 
to save and 10 characters is not enough to give them dis- 
tinctive names. You could label one file in uppercase and 
the other in lowercase if you have such a problem. 

After typing in the filename, you will be asked for the 
number of fields. Type in "3" (Name, Address, Phone) 
and hit RETURN. The maximum number of fields per- 
mitted is 99. Now the program 
prompts you for the Name and 
Length of each field. TVP^ i" the 
name of each field and the maximum 
length, in characters, you will want 
each field to be limited to. If you are 
not sure, the default is 160. Hit RE- 
TURN at the length prompt if you 
want the field to defeult to 160 char- 




acters. The max length for any field is 254 characters, 
which is pretty dam big, a lot bigger than the normal 
BASIC input buffer can even handle! 

Now the computer will approximate how many rec- 
ords can be held in memory simultaneously and ask you 
if you want to proceed. If you like the file you have de- 
signed, hit "a" for accept. If you hit "r" the program will 
return to the main menu without creating the file. 

When you return to the icon command screen, you will 
notice that "CURRENT RECORD" has been set to "1" 
and that the available record space left in memory is dis- 
played at lower right, to keep you informed of how many 
more records you can fit into this file. 

Now that we have a file created, let's go to "VIEW/ 
ADD" and start putting something into it. Once you en- 
ter "VIEW/ADD", you will find yourself looking at the 
record number set in "CURRENT RECORD". You can 
flip forward through the records by moving the mouse 
or joystick right, and you can go back by moving it left. 
If you push your controller up, you will be in "INSERT/ 
MODIFY" mode, at which time you can make new en- 
tries in each field or hit RETURN to leave the previous 
entry for that field unchanged. You will be limited to the 
maximum number of characters for that field that you 
set when you create the file. If you go over the 40 col- 
umn line length, the screen will be 
scrolled down to make room for 
your input. 

Each field is staggered one row 
to the right going down, to make 
each one more locatable. 

If you enter a new record at the 
end of the file, the end-of-files 
pointer will be bumped up by one. 
Each time you enter a new record at the end of the file, 
the pointer will be bumped up by one to make room for 
another entry. The first field of each record is considered 
the "header"— if this header is blank, the record is consid- 
ered blank. In order to make a new entry, you must put 
something in the header 

To exit from "INSERT/MODIFY", hit the button on 
your controller to return to the icon screen. You will no- 
tice that the last record you accessed will be set beneath 
the "CURRENT RECORD" icon. 

It may seem too slow to move to the record you want 

in "INSERT/MODIFY". You may want to jump around 

very quickly in a large file, fix)m record to record. This 

is the purpose of the "CURRENT RECORD" icon. Move 

your arrow to it and push the button. 

Now you can move rapidly forwards 

and backwards with your controller 

through the record numbers. For a 

fast change, move it left or right. For 

a really fest change, move up to count 

by tens through the records forward, 

or down to count backwards by tens. 

Once you have the record you want 




38 AHOYl 



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set beneath the icon, hit the button to exit. Now this is 
the first record you will examine if you enter "VIEW/ 
ADD" again. 

If you want to get rid of some old records in a hurry, 
select "DELETE" the trash can. %u will be prompted 
to delete the Current record. Scan, or All Records. Hit 
"c" and the current record number will be erased. If you 
hit V, you will be able to flip through the records as 
in "VIEW/ADD" and select records to be deleted by 
pushing SHIFT-D. Hit SHIFT-E to exit. You will notice 
that whenever a record is deleted, all the records above 
it are moved down to fill in the blank, and the end-of- 
file pointer is decremented by one. 

If you select "a" for ALL records, the program will 
verify with a "Yes-No" prompt in case you have second 
thoughts. Otherwise the whole file will be erased irre- 
trievably from memory, and you will be returned to the 
icon screen. 

You win probably want to "SORT" your records alpha- 
betically sooner or later, and there is a very fest Shell- 
Metzner sorting routine in the program for just this pur- 
pose. Select the field you want the sorting routine to use 
for comparisons (defaults to header) and the screen will 
go blank and flash for a few moments while the computer 
goes into FAST mode. The program returns with "SORT 
COMPLETE" before you are returned to the icon screen. 

If you are looking for a certain entry, group of letters, 



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or subject in your database file, you will want to use the 
"SEARCH" icon. The maximum length of the string to 
search for is 24 characters. After you hit RETURN, the 
program will display eveiy occurrence of that string in 
your fde, at which time you can either modify or insert 
information for that entry, just like in "VTEW/ADD". Each 
time you hit the button, tiie computer will begin the search 
again, displaying each occurrence of that string until it 
reaches the end-of-file marker. 

If you are going grocery shopping, or you want to call 
each customer you have in your database, you will need 
a "HARDCOPY". The program prompts you for the range 
of records you want printed. The de&ults are the begin- 
ning and endmg markers for the file. The hardcopy will 
be aborted if the printer is not turned on. 

After all this arrow moving and clicking, you may want 
to wrap things up and call it a day, so go to "SAVE/ 
LOAD" and save your file to disk. Any existing file with 
the same name wiU be scratched and replaced with the 
new one. 

Now that your data is safe on the disk, move your ar- 
row to the lowest line on the screen and hit the button. 
The "QUIT?" bar Ughts up. Moving your arrow in any 
other direction will take you back to the screen, but click- 
ing the button twice exits Injbflow. 

The "SAVE/LOAD" routines and all I/O are extensively 
monitored for errore to prevent system crashes if the print- 
er is off-line, or the drive device number is wrong, etc. , 
but certain syntax and logic errors are allowed because 
of the feet that you may make a mistake in typing the 
program in. 

Even the RUN STOP key is disabled, so your data is 
perfectly safe until you either exit the program with 
"QUIT" or hit RUN STOP/RESTORE. 

I hojw you find Infoflow indispensable for the C-128 
utility library. Since it is one of the first utilities I have 
created for Ahoy!, I tried to make it as useful as possi- 
ble. If you have any suggestions, modifications, or addi- 
tions, please let the rest of Ahoy!'s readers in on the se- 
cret, and me too, by writing. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING OS PAGE 96 



40 AHOYl 



INTiRT^NMillT 
tOrrWARI SICYION 



COMMODORING 
FOR THE CUP 

Two Simulations Sail the Silicon Seas 



Hoist the sails, and over the bound- 
ing main we go! Old salts and young 
sea dogs can captain crews in the 
America's Cup race in simulations so 
real that landlubbers may become 
seasick before the Commodore gets 
back to dry land. 

After 132 years of undefeated 
American yachtsmanship, the Ms- 
tmlia II won the America's Cup 
match and took the Louis Vuitton 
Cup Ekjwn Under. The rematch, which 
climaxed in February 1987, has in- 
spired two computer simulations. 

The American Challenge: A Sail- 
ing Simulation (Mindscape) lets the 
computerist race a sailboat through 
seven increasingly difficult courses. 
Only after these are completed is the 
electronic skipper ready for a simu- 
lation of the America's Cup Race. 

An onscreen instrument panel 
helps the computer captain monitor 
wind direction, wind speed, and boat 
heading. The sail, rudder, and cen- 
terboard are operated with keyboard 
commands. 

The American Challenge, designed 
by Tom (The Halley Project, Agent 
USA, Snooper Troops) Snyder Pro- 
ductions, offers a choice of boat, 
course, and racing opponent. The 
computerist chooses to race the sail- 
boat or a motorboat (a good way to 
learn about each course before try- 
ing it with the sailboat), then selects 
an appropriate opponent. Two com- 
puters can be connected by cable or 
via telephone modem for head-to- 
head racing, though each gamer must 
have The American Challenge game 
disk. With this setup, each yachtsman 
sees a representation onscreen of the 
other player's boat. 

Solitaire gamers race against their 
own best previous performance, or 



the champion's time. In the one-play- 
er mode, the screen pictures a ghost 
boat so the skipper can see who's in 
the lead. The computer images of the 
opposition's sailboat can be toggled 
off and on at will. 

All races in The American Chal- 
lenge start with the wind from the 
North, and the boat facing West, sail 
unfurled. The starting line to the 
North is stretched between two buoys. 




PeiifurMf This JNoiiffc: 

Commodoriiig for t{i« Cup 41 

New Baseball Games in Town ..44 

Howard the Duck 47 

Titanic: The Recovery 

Mission 48 

Video Vegas 50 



By Joyce Worley 



brings up the chart with the current 
positions of the two boats. After die 
race is finished, the chart reappears 
to display the actual courses of the 
winning and losing boats. 

At the beginning of the competi- 
tion, the gamer sees the boat from 
directly behind. Each press of an ar- 
row key changes the perspective by 

The Official 
America's Cup 
Sailing Simula- 
tion approxi- 
mates the ac- 
tual '87 race. 
Three stall 
levels vary 
weather condi- 
tions, time, 
and skill of 
computer foe. 
READER 
SERVICE NO. Bl 



with the ship at "standstill," 

Simple keyboard commands con- 
trol the craft. Pressing "F or "D" 
pulls the sail in quickly or slowly, re- 
spectively, while "S" and "A" let the 
canvas out slowly or quickly. Touch- 
ing T turns the boat to the left, "K" 
stops the turn, and "C turns the boat 
to the right. Hitting "C raises and 
lowers the centerboard (the board that 
runs vertically along the boat's hull 
to provide stability). 

Before the race begins, the gamer 
sees a chart with the layout of the 
course. It identifies the general path 
the boat must take as a line which 
traces the route of the defending 
champion. Toggling the space bar at 
any time during the competition 



45 degrees. This permits the gamer 
to look to starboard, port, or even the 
stem of his or her own sailboat. 

Sea and sky dominate the screen, 
Silicon Bay, where all races are 
staged, is circled by a few scenic 
highlights, including a bridge, light- 
house, towns, and hills. These add 
visual interest to the essentially bor- 
ing display, and aid in navigation. 

The American Challenge depicts 
the boat as an outline reminiscent of 
vector graphics, rather than as a 
fiUed-in image. It looks almost ghost- 
ly against the seascape, while provid- 
ing mechanically accurate views of 
the sailboat's rigging. 

The lower third of the screen holds 
the instrument panel. A compass, 

AHOY! 41 




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American Challenge: seven courses. 
READER SERVICE NO. 132 

speed band, wind gauge, and a com- 
bination wind, sail, and centerboard 
indicator provide data needed to man- 
euver through thie race. 

The American Challenge comes 
with a tutorial on audio cassette that 
guides beginners step by step through 
the practice course. It's a good train- 
er, and should be very helpful to first- 
time saUors, These simplified instruc- 
tions are also reprinted in the man- 
ual for easy reference, along with lots 
of tips and hints on the basics of sail- 



ing. Although it m^ take several 
playing sessions to master the tech- 
niques well enough to be a champion 
racer, the tutorial and accompanying 
manual make this simulation simple 
to understand and control. 

The flip side of the cassette con- 
tains an original song written by Tom 
Snyder and Lincoln Clapp, "Win 
Back The Cup." It extols the need for 
America to regain its most famous 
sailing trophy. 

The Official America's Cup Sailing 
Simulation (Electronic Arts) uses joy- 
stick commands to put a 12-meter 
yacht through its paces in a simula- 
tion of the actual 1987 America's Cup 
Match. The commander chooses the 
sails, picks a home country, and se- 
lects a one- or two-player contest. 

In single-player races, the gamer 
sails the Challenger and the compu- 
ter controls the Defender. Two-play- 
er contests employ separate joysticks 
for simultaneous control of the rival 
sailboats. There are three skill lev- 



els. They vary weather conditions, 
the amount of time available for the 
match, and the skill of the compu- 
terized opponent. 

A weather report screen provides 
prcrace information about wind speed 
and wind direction, plus a forecast 
of what to expect during the actual 
competition. 

Weather conditions are a crucial 
element of this simulation. Handling 
a boat on a feir mild day is one thing, 
but it's an entirely different matter 
when the wind rises. 

Next each captain chooses the 
starting headsail. Wind direction and 
speed are the major factors which 
must be considered. There are Ught, 
medium, and heavy genoas and spin- 
nakers. The user's manual explains 
that the weather in the Indian Ocean 
always produces a wind from the 
West. In order to sail the first leg, di- 
rectly into the wind, the manual rec- 
ommends a light genoa. 

The racers contest on a recreation 



NEW BASEBAU eAMBS IN TOWN 



Roting the Rookie Boseball Programs for the Commodore 



By Arnie Kotz and Bill Kunkel 

While the Mets and Red Sox 
steamrollered to a World Series colU- 
sion last October, few sports com- 
mentaries appeared which didn't in- 
voke the adage. The game isn't over 
until the Fat Lady sings." This pithy 
bit of wisdom from Lawrence Peter 
"Yogi" Berra is also relevant to the 
field of computer baseball software. 

Just when we think we've seen the 
last word in baseball programs, new 
titles burst onto the scene. It looks 
like the "game" of inventing electron- 
ic baseball contests won't be over un- 
til that "Fat Lady" sings a diige over 
the very last Commodore computer 
in die universe. 

This year continues the trend with 
offerings from SubLOGIC and Game- 
star that will keep America's favorite 
pastime a computer gaining fevorite. 

44 AHOYI 




Championship Baseball: well-named, 
READER SERVICE NO. 133 

Championship Baseball (Game- 
star) supplants an earlier Gamestar 
entry. Star League Baseball, as the 
best action-strategy baseball game on 
the market. It's fitting that the design- 
er who has dethroned Scott Orr as 
the Sultan of Sports is... Scott Orr. 

Several leading designers have met 
their Waterloo in the last year or so, 
putting their names on products 



Pure Stat Baseball: most accurate. 
READER SERVICE NO. 134 

which were definitely inferior to their 
earher work. Orr, on the other hand, 
has scaled new heights in 1986 and 
1987. He never pauses for long to 
bask in the applause. That's probab- 
ly why he is the mainspring of a 
string of superlative computer sports 
games which include Star League 
Baseball, Star Bowl Football, On- 
Court Tennis, Star Rank Boxing, GBA 



of the triangular eight-leg Perth 
course, roughly 24.1 nautical miles 
in length. The starting line is 
stretched between a buoy and the 
Start Boat. At the sound of the first 
starting cannon, the two boats begin 
to maneuver into position. A second 
cannon shot, 30 seconds after the 
first, signals the start of the race. 

The skipper operates the yacht in 
one of three modes. Helmsman 
Mode controls the boat's direction of 
movement. Each twitch of the joy- 
stick left (port) or right (starboard) 
turns the yacht 45 degrees. The play- 
er trims the mainsail or changes the 
headsail in Set Sail Mode. The gam- 
er adjusts the mainsail by moving the 
main boom in or out with the joy- 
stick, and selects new sails by mov- 
ing the joystick forward (for spinna- 
ker) or back (for genoas), then tap- 
ping the button to choose from 
among three weights. 

The Winching Mode lets the sail- 
or lower sails by rotating the joystick 
counterclockwise, or hoist sails with 
clockwise rotation. Winching in par- 
ticular is somewhat tricky. It's easy 
to give the stick dhe too many cranks 
in the wrong direction, and end up 
with a mess of tangled sails. 

Rippling blue water fills the main 
display. The two colorftil boats, one 
resplendent in yellow and green sails, 
and the other decked out in red and 
blue, are attractive and eye-catching. 

The gamer views the boats from a 
three-quarters overhead perspective. 
If the two boats are too far apart to 
appear together, the display switch- 



Reviewed in this article: 

THE AMERiaN CHALLENGE: 
A SAILING SIMULATION 

Mindtcape 
3444 Dumlee Road 
Northbrook, it 60062 
Phone: 312-480-7667 
Price: $29.95 

THE OFFICIAL AMERICA'S CUP 
SAILING SIMULATION 
Electronic Arts 
1820 Gateway Drive 

Son Mateo, OV 94404 
Phone: 415-571-7171 
Price: $32.95 

es to a split screen. However, the 
commander can always call for an 
overview to show their relative posi- 
tions on the course. 

A separate indicator panel for each 
boat appears in the lower comers of 
the screen. Each gives boat and wind 
speed, elapsed time, buoy, yacht and 
wind direction, and the number of the 
current leg of the race. 

The official cup simulation is a 
best-of-seven match. During the con- 
test, International Yacht Racing rules 
apply. The program punishes any in- 
fraction of these laws with a penalty 
of four boat lengths. 

Following each race, a Results 
Screen lists the race number, winning 
yacht, and time. The captain then ei- 
ther starts the next race, continuing 
the seven-match series, or begins a 
new series. 



Basketball, GFL Football, and now 
Championship Baseball. 

This one- or two-player program 
embellishes and extends the concepts 
introduced in Star League Baseball. 
In particular, Orr and his cohorts, un- 
der the steady hand of producer Mark 
Madland, have worked wonders with 
artificial intelligence. 

Unlike primitive, arcade-style pro- 
grams, the players are more than 
nicely drawn onscreen cursors. Each 
player's ability to bat, catch, throw, 
and run is rated on a one-to-three 
scale. Championship Baseball also 



divides players into contact hitters 
(liners) and power hitters (sluggers) , 
Pitchers are also differentiated. The 
game rates them in three categories: 
speed, control, and stamina. Each 
has an arsenal of four different de- 
liveries, and some display a sharper 
curve or a more overwhelming fast- 
ball than the norm. 

Participants see the diamond fi-om 
an upper deck persf)ective with home 
plate at the left edge of the screen. 
The players are a little cartoonish, but 
the animation is quite good. 

The secondary display, which fills 



■ MIlKTAIIIilillT 
•OrTWARI 9ICTION 

There's quite a lot to do to keep a 
craft in the contest. Weather condi- 
tions change constantly, so the sails 
must be adjusted to match. The indi- 
cator panels keep both captains ap- 
prised of changes, and the appearance 
of the water also varies to idHect wind 
velocity. Rounding buoys generally 
requires a change of sails; this com- 
plex maneuver is so important to rac- 
ing that the manual advises gamers 
to practice it repeatedly. 

The documentation is an informa- 
tion-packed booklet that contains all 
the data needed to control the yachts, 
plus a wealth of material about the 
America's Cup Race and its history. 
A glossary explains nautical terms, 
and should have computerists talking 
like sailors in no time. 

This is a challenging simulation. 
The joystick commands, nicely cap- 
sulized on a quick-start card for easy 
reference, are complicated. Once the 
computerist masters the control 
scheme and gets the hang of chang- 
ing sails to match weather and sail- 
ing conditions, the race itself is stren- 
uous and exciting. The computerized 
opponent, particularly at the top skill 
setting, is an able seafarer. 

Both simulations have their 
strengths, differing chiefly in the 
depth of detail. The Official Ameri- 
ca's Cup Sailing Simulation is more 
complex, but it is also somewhat 
more exciting than The American 
Challenge. Either should provide 
hours of nautical entertainment even 
for those who can't tell a mainsail 
from a mainframe. —Joyce Woriey 



the right half of the screen during 
pitcher-batter confrontations, adds a 
lot of excitement to this crucial phase 
of the game. Managers view each 
pitch from the catcher's crouch be- 
hind home. The player at bat must 
time the pitch and, if it is in the strike 
zone, swing at the right moment to 
put the horsehide into play. 

The joystick initiates all on-the- 
field action, whether the game is 
played against another human mana- 
ger or the talented robot coach. Op- 
tions are chosen by moving a cursor 
to select items fmm menus, while 

AHOY! 45 



game mechanics utilize a feirly sim- 
ple set of stick and action button 
combinations. Those who become all 
thumbs when faced with anything 
more complex than a move and fire 
play-mechanic will appreciate the 
practice mode, which is also good for 
perfecting a fence-busting swing. 

TWo well-balanced squads, the Ea- 
gles and the Pumas, are included on 
the game disk, but Championship 
Baseball provides a menu-driven sys- 
tem to create an entirely new team 
from scratch. If the user picks the 
'*New Team" option, the program pre- 
sents the possible choices at each po- 
sition. The manager can tailor the 
team to suit personal preference by 
selecting men who excel in the areas 
he or she deems most important. 

Championship Baseball even al- 
lows managers to name each player! 
For the first time, any computerist 
can star in center field or shell the 
analog of a boss or teacher from the 
mound with heavy hitting. These cus- 
tomized squads can be saved on a for- 
matted disk. Unfortunately, there is 
no initialization routine included on 
the game disk, so computerists will 
have to use the slightly more cum- 
bersome method explained in the 
Commodore documentation. 

League play, only possible in the 
solitaire mode, extends the simula- 
tion beyond a single contest. After the 
computerist picks a team and divi- 
sion, his franchise will play one of 
the five other clubs in the division. 
When the computerist's team has 
played each of its divisional rivals 
once, a winner is declared. If the hu- 
man-directed team finishes first, the 
computer matches it against the win- 
ner of one of the other divisions. A 
victory at this level advances the team 
to the best-of-three Championship. 

The program stores the results of 
games for the season in progress on 
a blank formatted disk. A sports 
page. The Gamestar Gazette, shows 
the current standings. 

Championship Baseball is a worthy 
successor to the classic Star League 
Baseball. It is so much of an im- 
provement, in fact, that avid fans of 
the classic game will want to update 

46 AHOYl 



their software libraries with the new 
one. 

Despite its strengths, Pure-Stat 
Baseball (SubLOGIC) may be des- 
tined to play Avis to Micro League 
Baseball's Hertz among statistical 
baseball simulations for the Commo- 
dore 64/128. The Quest design team 
has developed many innovative fea- 
tures, but deficiencies in graphics and 
somewhat pedestrian gameplay un- 
dercut the overall effect. 

Pure-Stat clearly leads the compu- 
ter baseball league in statistical accur- 
acy. No program produces more real- 
istic results in a one-game, series, or 
season replay. It treats most phases 
of the sport much more comprehen- 
sively than other such programs. 

Reviewed in this article: 

CHAMPIONSHIP BASEBALL 

Gamestor/Activision 
2350 Bayshore Porkway 
Mountain View, CA 94043 
Phone: 415-9600410 
Price: $34.95 

PURE-STAT BASEBALL 
SublOGIC Corporation 
713 Edgebrook Drive 
Chompaign, IL 61820 
Phone: 217-359-8482 
Price: $49.95 

No hardball simulation weighs 
more fectors to compute play results. 
Instead of a single, all-purpose field- 
ing ratio, Pure-Stat employs separate 
ratings to measure each athlete's arm 
strength, range, and tendency to com- 
mit errors. This improves reahsm and 
provides managers with a legitimate 
reason to make defensive changes. 
For example, it might make sense to 
insert a strong-armed outfielder to re- 
duce the chance that a runner will tag 
up and score a key run after a long 
fly out. 

An important component of the 
hitting phase is that each batsman is 
rated separately for his ability against 
lefthanded and righthanded hurlers. 
This is not just a minor factor grafted 
onto the basic to-hit chance, either. 
Pure-Stat provides what amounts to 
two separate batting formulas for 



each player. Other elements which 
the program considers include pitch- 
er fetigue, bunting ability, and the im- 
pact of park dimensions on player 
and team performance. 

The main display is the statistics 
screen, not the diamond. This reflects 
the fiindamental design approach 
which subordinates the audiovisual 
effects to the demands of creating a 
rich statistical model of major league 
baseball. 

After the managers enter offensive 
and defensive orders, the view auto- 
matically switches to the field for a 
visual representation of the result. 
Since the stat-screen has all the per- 
tinent numbers and command menus, 
the graphic screen is unmarred by 
distracting text windows. 

The program tracks each play on 
one of two full-screen diamonds as 
it unfolds. When a lefthanded hitter 
is at bat, home plate is in the lower 
right comer with the third base foul 
line parallel to the bottom of the 
screen. With a righty at the plate, 
home is in the lower left comer and 
the first base foul line mns along the 
lower border of the screen. 

No one could quarrel with the 
quantity of visuals in Pure-Stat Base- 
ball, but quality is another matter. 
The simply drawn fielders are well- 
animated, but they sometimes move 
in odd-looking lockstep patterns. For 
instance, it's hard to suppress a smile 
when all three outfielders form a 
choms line to chase after potential ex- 
tra-base hits. 

Some expected graphics are inex- 
plicably omitted. For instance, there 
is no visual representation of a bunt 
attempt. Hitters look like they're 
swinging from the heels, even when 
a bunt attempt is in progress. 

Ball action is uneven, A post-pub- 
lication upgrade introduced a round- 
er and more lively ball, but it still be- 
haves unrealistically at times. It is not 
unusual to see the center fielder snare 
what appeared to be a drive down the 
line. 

Participants use a joystick or the 
k^board to enter orders. First the pi- 
lot of the team at bat decides whe- 
ther the batter will go for the fences. 



■ MTIBTAINMIIIT 
SOFTWARI SICTION 



swing normally, hit cautiously, bunt, 
sacrifice, or slap the ball behind a 
runner. Next comes decisions rela- 
ted to the running phase. 

Besides the steal option, a mana- 
ger can order men on base to chal- 
lenge the other team's outfield arms 
or play it safe. This is one of the 
small but telling details which make 
Pure-Stat Baseball so rewarding for 
diamond strategists. Other programs 
let the offense set an overall running 
tendency, but only Pure-Stat presents 
the situation so exhaustively. For the 
first time, both managers must inde- 
pendently evaluate each outfielder's 
throwing ability. 

Managers shape the pitching only 
in the most general way. The skip- 
per decides whether to throw aggres- 
sively, avoid giving the batter any- 
thing juicy to hit, issue an intention- 
al walk, or attack the runner with a 
pitchout. The battery determines ac- 
tual pitch selection. 

Finally, the manager positions the 
infielders and outfielders. The defen- 
sive team can draw in the infield all 
around to cut down a potential run, 
have the first and third basemen 
charge toward home, or guard the 
foul lines to prevent extra-base hits. 
In practice, managers have little to do 
unless runners are in scoring posi- 
tion. This makes Pure-Stat Baseball 
better for solitaire play than for head- 
to-head gaming. 

Fortunately, the robot manager is 
quite formidable. It can't equal the 
savvy of a human coach, but it makes 
most of the proper decisions, includ- 
ing adroit use of platooning. 

A set of "quick play" options takes 
most of the tedium out of ambitious 
season replays and other marathon 
undertakings. The computerist can 
personally replay the games and se- 
ries he or she finds most interesting, 
and zip through the less appealing 
contests. It is possible to switch off 
the graphic display, eliminate timing 
delays, establish pitching rotations for 
both clubs, and have the computer 
simulate up to nine games in a few 
minutes each. 

This is a complete package. Includ- 
ed with the basic game are eight all- 



time great teams of the past, a choice 
of three stadiums, a statistical com- 
piler, a utility for trading players be- 
tween teams and creating new ones 
from scratch, and a disk with teams 
based on the most recent major 
league baseball season. 

There's no question that Pure-Stat 
Baseball sacrifices some frills to de- 
vote memory to its comprehensive 
mathematical model. Those baseball 
gamers who demand state-of-the-art 



statistical verisimilitude for season 
and series replays should enjoy Pure- 
Stat Baseball. 

Are these the last new baseball 
programs for the Commodore 64/128? 
It's hard to see how publishers could 
improve on games like Championship 
Baseball, Micro League, Hardball, 
and Pure-Stat. Yet based on events of 
the last couple of years, we may have 
to eat these words in next April's 
Ahoy! -Amie Katz & Bill Kunkel 



HOWARD THE DUCK 

Activition 

Commodore 64/128 
Disk; $34.95 

An article in February's Ahoy! dis- 
cussed the boom in games based on 
licenses, especially those derived 
from movies and television. This ti- 
tle provides an example of one of the 
pitfalls which can snare the unlucky 
software publisher. 

When Activision bought this li- 
cense, it believed "Howard the Duck" 
would be one of 1986's biggest movie 
box office successes. Unfortunately, 
the film never took wing. Except for 
People Magazine, which was so im- 





■ 1 


■■ 




|&^j£ 


V 


^^^H ,Y<^ 




fl 


It '^' 


lEj^h* ^ 


m 



Run afowl of the deranged Dark Overlord. 
READER SERVICE \0. 106 

pressed with the films estimated $35 
million loss that it put Howard on its 
latest list of most intriguing "people," 
"Howard the Duck" was a non-event. 




BACKUP PROTECTED 
SOFTWARE FAST. 

From the team who brought you 
Copy II Plus (Apple), Copy II PC (IBM) 
and Copy II Mac (Macintosh) comes 
a revolutionary new copy program for 
the Commodore 64/128 computers. 

• Copies many protected 
programs -automatically (We 
update Copy II 64/128 regularly to 
handle new protections; you as a 
registered owner may update at 
any time tor $16 plus $3 s/h.) 

• Copies even protected disks in 
under 2 minutes (single drive). 

• Copies even protected disks in 
under 1 minute (dual drive). 

• Maximum of four disk swaps on a 
single drive. 



• Includes fast loader, 12-second 
format. 

Requires a Commodore 64 or 128 
computer with one or two 1541 or 
1571 drives. 

Call 503/244-5782, M-R 8-5 

(West Coast time) with your ffi ^ 
in hand. Or send a check 
for $39.95 U.S. plus $3 s/h. $8 
overseas. 

$39.95 

Central Point Software, Inc. 
9700 S.W. Capitol Hwy. #100 
Portland, OR 97219 

CentmlRmt 
Sofhvcwe 



Backup utilities also available for the IBM. Apple II. Macintosh and Atari ST. 

This product is prev^Jetf for ttte purpose at enabitirg yi?o to malte archrvai copies onty. 



Reader Service No. tOS 



AHOY! 47 



It would be regrettable if the fail- 
ure of the film automatically doomed 
the game. Howard the Duck isn't like- 
ly to haul away many software 
awards, but it's pretty entertaining, es- 
pecially for younger computerists. 

The designers and programmers of 
a string of Gamestar sports hits like 
Star Rank Boxing and Championship 
Baseball have ventured into new wa- 
ten>. While the program, like the 
movie, foils to completely capture the 
essence of the fearless fowl created 
by Steve Gerber for Marvel Comics, 
it is, at minimum, a playable action- 
strategy contest. 

The lengthy introduction establish- 
es the lighthearted tone. After the 
credits roll, Howard demonstrates his 
breakdancing skill. Once he moon- 
walks off the stage, a pair of cartoon 
panels indicate that Howard is wor- 
ried about Beverly and Phil, his two 
missing companions. 

Where have they gone? The synop- 




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48 AHOY! 



sis which crawls up the screen dis- 
pels the mystery for the player, if not 
for the dauntless duck. A new Dark 
Overlord has kidnapped them as bait 
to lure Howard to his doom. Because 
the would-be conqueror plans to use 
thermal power in his mad scheme, he 
has taken the pair to his base. Vol- 
cano Island. 

The gamer can choose from 
among four skill settings. The high- 
er the level, the more involved the 
quest. The "novice" game requires 
Howard to parachute onto the island, 
fmd a jet pack, and skim over the wa- 
ter to a trail which leads through the 
jungle to a waiting ultralite plane. 

An "intermediate" player must fly 
the ultralite to the top of the volcano. 
The most difficult variants require 
Howard to fly into the crater, over- 
come the Dark Overlord, and throw 
the switch which halts the threaten- 
ing eruption. 

Hostile mutants erupt from the yel- 
low mounts which dot the route. 
They are Howard's biggest opposi- 
tion, other than the Dark Overlord 
himself. The feathered hero can nip 
this peril in the bud by stomping the 
mounds closed before the mutants 
emerge or by using "quack fu" to de- 
feat them in direct combat. The com- 
puterist makes Howard kick by hold- 
ing down the action button and point- 
ing the stick. Leaving the button in 
the "up" position initiates a punch. 

In keeping with the subject matter, 
this program is easy enough for even 
preteens to learn and play. It's not a 
snap by any means, but there's noth- 
ing in Howard the Duck to frustrate 
apprentice joystick jockeys. Even ad- 
ults should get a kick out of the su- 
perb animation. Its little comedic 
touches, such as the way Howard 
shakes himself after getting wet, are 
certain to draw appreciative smiles. 
Howard the Duck also features excel- 
lent music, programmed by sound 
ace Russell Lieblich. 

Continuous action and an onscreen 
countdown clock maintain a reason- 
able level of excitement. So skip the 
movie and apply the cost of the tick- 
ets and popcorn to this unassuming, 
enjoyable Activision entry. 



Activision, 2350 Bayshore Front- 
age Road, Mountain View, CA 94043 
(phone: 415-960-0410). -Amie Katz 

TITANIC: THE RECOVERY MISSION 

Electric Dreams/Activision 
Commodore 64/128 
Disk; $29.95 

The R.M.S. Titanic has been sub- 
ject of at least two films, scores of 
books, and numerous underwater 
diving expeditions. The celebrated 
sea disaster in which an "unsinkable" 
liner went to the bottom remains fas- 
cinating to this day. Now a game has 
also sprung from the continuing in- 
terest in the ill-fated ocean liner. 




A quest titanic enough to sport weeks. 
READER SERVICE NO. 107 

This British-conceived outing, re- 
leased here by Electric Dreams (one 
of the many Activision affiliates) of- 
fers pleasant surprises in the quality 
of the game and the depth of the chal- 
lenge. Put simply, the test is to grab 
treasures from the wreckage and then 
float her to the surface. 

Less imaginative designers might 
have handled Titanic as an arcade 
program in which the gamer would 
fight off sharks, jellyfish, and the like 
while trying to raise the ship ftx)m the 
briny deep. But Titanic: Vie Recov- 
ery Mission makes the actual raising 
of the ship a small part of the overall 
challenge, even though it remains the 
game's ultimate goal. 

As Dr. Robert Ballard of the 
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute 
must have found when he visited the 




f 



Press conferences are an enjoyable 
and important aspect of Titanic. 

site of the wreckage a couple of years 
ago, it takes more than skillful div- 
ers and courage to accomplish this 
task. There are several other consid- 
erations. Titanic covers these by us- 
ing multiple game screens. 

The first of these displays is the 
Calendar Screen. Visible when the 
game boots, it is the pathway to all 
the other options. It shows the start- 
ing date of the mission along with a 
set of five icons, doorways to the Fi- 
nance Room, the Diver, the Press 
Room, and Night Time. The disk- 
shaped fifth icon is used to save a 
current game or load an old one. 
(The "save" feature is vital, since solv- 
ing this game at one sitting would be 
like building Rome in a day.) 

Let's take the screens one by one. 
The Finance Room is the area to 
check on the financial backing of 
your trip. It is also the place to com- 
municate with the people who supply 
money for the venture. The money 
isn't available all at once. Rather, it 
is handed out in weekly doses. How 
much is given depends upon how the 
mission is going. 

The Finance Room can be entered 
voluntarily to check the books or to 
ask sponsors for more money, but the 
sponsors can also call the gamer back 
to the room to answer questions about 
the adventure. Ignoring these re- 
quests, even if busy exploring the 
depths of the wreckage, can dry up 
funds quicker than water in the desert. 

The Press Room plays a very im- 
portant part in keeping finances in the 
black. Press conferences, called by 
the gamer or by members of the news 
media, are one of the more enjoyable 
aspects of the game. The reporters 
appear on small television screens. 
The player must decide whether to 



direct the answer to just that repor- 
ter or to the group as a whole. The 
user picks the specific reply from a 
list of possible answers. 

Good press is vital for the contin- 
ued contributions of sponsors. There- 
fore, it's advisable to remain at the 
conference until all questions have 
been answered. Keep in mind the 
publication connected with each re- 
porter and try to tailor the answers 
to that audience. 

Then it's time to go underwater. 
The Titanic Salvage I, now called 
T.S.I, is the destination when the Di- 
ver icon is selected. The wreckage 
can be entered from any one of five 
points. The joystick controls the 
movement of the T.S.I. 

The console of the T.S.I is the most 
impressive screen. It feels like the 
whole world is available at the touch 
of a button. Some of the many con- 
trols include floor/ceiling passage in- 
dicators (to move up and down levels 
within the ship), sonar screen (to 
keep track of sonar buoys laid down 
to aid in location of T.S.I within 
wreckage), camera and camera film 
indicators (don't foiget to take pictures 
of some treasures to keep the boys in 
the press happy), and the robot arm 
(used to collect treasures). 

Every feature is logically arranged 
and beautifully depicted. In all, the 
game is graphically superior to the 
other Electric Dreams products (i.e., 
Rocky Horror and Spindizzy). 

After a hard day of diving, begging 
for money, and dealing with the me- 
dia, a good night's rest is deserved 
and needed. That's the time to use the 
Night icon. It's also a good idea to 
save the game's progress. This is han- 
dy to do right after the program 
loads, since it isn't possible to restart 
the program without rebooting. 

Titanic, which could take simula- 
ted months to finish, obviously isn't 
carried out in real time. The clock 
runs about eight times faster than real 
time. The captain of the mother ship 
must return to port every two weeks, 
for fresh supplies and to give the crew 
time off whether you like it or not. 

In actuality, there is no time limit. 
As long as Uiere's still money com- 



\7«* aS/xLtU tSofturaxt, iJne. 



538 S. Edgewood 

La Grange, IL 60525 

(312) 352-7323 

1541/1571 DRIVE AUGNMENT 

Avoid costly repair bills! Perform your own 
alignment. 1541/1571 Drive Alignment 
diagnoses and reports the alignment condition 
ol the disk drive as you perlorm adjustments. 
An on-screen HELP menu is available while the 
program is running. Full documentation 
includes section on how to load Alignment 
program even when the drive is badly 
misaligned. Auto-boots to all modes. Works 
on 1541. 1571 in 1541 or 1571 mode, C64 or C128 
in 64 or 128 mode. Only $34.95! 

SUPER DISK LIBRARIAN 

A full featured disk cataloging and library 
system for the C128 in 128 mode. Wiltv one 
keypress all programs on a disk are cataloged. 
Catalog up to 1000 disks and 15,200 program 
names! Operates in last mode with 80 column 
display. Catalogs 1541, 1571 and CP/M Plus 
formatted disk directories. Reads heavily 
protected disks? Printer output includes library 
index, full library report, master program list, 
category program list and disk labels. Also 
contains full featured disk utilities section 
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a disk, copy protect a disk, change disk format 
without affecting data & much more! Fully 
documented. Organize your disk library S 
more for only $29,95! 

MUSIC OF THE MASTERS 

Free Spirit's highly acclaimed Music of the 

Masters series is a must for all music lovers. 

An hour of classical music per disk for the €64 

or the C128 in 54 mode. 

Music Of the Mittert I - Handel, Haydn. Mozart, 

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Music ol Iho MailBre II ■ Minuets, waltzes, 

sonatinas & more from Bach. Brahms, 

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Music ol the Mastars W ■ Best of Bach. 

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The Brest Wsr - WW! strategy game for the C128 
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BASICslly Simple 64 • How to use all basic 2.0 
commands in Basic programs. Disk • $14.95 

BASICally Simple 128 - How to use all Basic 7 
commands in Basic programs. Disk - $19.95 

Pragrsmmsr's Notebook ■ High speed storage & 
retrieval system designed specifically for the 
programmer. Index magazine articles, 
programming routines or other computer 
related information. For the C128 in 128 mode. 
Disk - $19-95 

Mr. Quizzer - Program to prepare quizzes as a 
general aid to learning. Prepare multiple 
choice, vocabulary, spelling. T-F. or general 
question-answer tests. Works on C64, C128 in 
either 64 or 128 mode, 40 or 80 column display. 
1541 or 1571 disk drive. Commodore & 
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Free shipping i hsndllnsi IfnmadJsle dellveryl 

Illinois residents add 8% sales tax. Send check 
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Hewlar Sarvlca No, 135 



AHOri 49 



ing in, take as much time as you'd like 
uncovering this mystery of the deep. 
Youll run out of fluids before you tire 
of this intriguing entertainment. 

Activision, 2350 Bayshore Front- 
age Parkway, Mountain View, CA 
94043 (phone: 415-960-0410). 

—Rick Teverbaugh 

VIDEO VEGAS 

Baudville 

Commodore 64/128 
Disk; $29.95 

Ah, the lure of the big, bright 
lights! The noise, the excitement, the 
shows, the showgirls, and gambling 
keep things humming from Monte 
Carlo to Las Vegas. Wagering on 
games of chance is old as the Bible. 

Video Vegas doesn't exactly create 
all the thrills of visiting the world's 
opulent pleasure palaces, but it does 
an admirable job of doing just what 
the packaging says it will: "TYim your 
personal computer into a casino." 

Chance-lakers can choose from 
among four different games: slot ma- 
chine, blackjack, draw poker, and 



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CHECKER 




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• Over 600 Digital ICs 

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• 8000 National and Signetics 

• 12-24 Pin Chips (.3" + .6" widths) 

Pressing a single key identifies/tests 
chips with ANY type of output in seconds. 
Inexpensive software updates will be of- 
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CHIP CHECKER is available for the Com- 
modore C64 and C128 for only $159. 

DUNE SYSTEMS 

2603 Willa Drive 

St. Joseph, Mi 49085 

(616) 983-2352 

Reader Sarvic* No. 134 

50 AHOri 




Video V^as slot machine craps out. 
READER SERVICE NO. 136 

keno. The take is $1,000 when the 
game boots. The amount won or lost 
at each game is carried over to the 
next choice. If the total tumbles all 
the way down to zero, rebooting is 
the remedy, instead of a second mort- 
gage on the house or a visit to loan 
sharks. 

The Video Vegas box also adver- 
tises that the odds for each game are 
given and that they are adjustable. 
These statements are both true to 
varying degrees. A single keystroke 
is all that's needed to see the odds for 
any particular game. To adjust the 
odds (probably more in your favor), 
it is necessary to tinker with the 
source code. Unfortunately, this pro- 
cess is not covered by the game's 
documentation. 

The opening screen is a close-up 
of the Vegas Strip with cars moving 
swiftly up one side and down the 
other. A tap of the spacebar (the 
game makes no use of the joystick) 
changes to the option screen for se- 
lection of your particular poison. 

Easily the most lackluster of the 
four games is the slot machine. The 
only strategy here is to try to bet big 
when you're going to win and small 
when you're not. But that's a guess- 
ing process at best. 

A closeup of the machine domi- 
nates the screen. All that's left to do 
is decide whether to risk one, two, 
or three doUars by tapping the T, '7", 
or "3" key. Then sit back and wait for 
the handle to be pulled and the three 
tumblers to come to a stop. 

The T key gives the odds and pay- 
offs for each combination, and fl re- 
verts back to the scene on the Strip. 

Keno isn't much better. Since that 
game isn't as widely known, a run- 
down of the rules might be in order. 



There are 80 numbers on a board 
from which the gamer chooses up to 
15. Then 20 numbers are selected at 
random. It's necessary to hit more 
than half the picked numbers to get 
a payoff of any kind. As with any lot- 
tery, the strategy is minimal. 

Keno's odds are very long, but the 
payoffe are huge. Hitting eight num- 
bers produces $20,000 on a $1 bet. 
Too bad the odds against getting all 
eight are 200,000 to 1. 

Poker is only marginally more sat- 
isfying. Play is against a fixed set of 
odds and a fixed payoff, much like 
the poker video machines which are 
popular in many arcades and bars. 
There is no dealer or other player. 

It takes a pair of jacks or better to 
get the bet back. On a $5 bet, two 
pair wins $10, three of a kind pays 
$15, and so on up the ladder. Most 
traditional poker rules apply. 

Really, the guts of this program is 
blackjack. While the other games are 
handled in a page or less of the doc- 
umentation, it takes four and a half 
pages to cover blackjack. 

Options are plentifiil. It is possi- 
ble to use from one to four decks for 
the deal. The more decks, the more 
difficult card counting becomes. As 
a tutorial for card counting, a prac- 
tice banned at most casinos. Video 
Vegas isn't bad. The game has a built- 
in aid to help keep track of what cards 
have been played, and the documen- 
tation explains briefly two forms of 
card counting. 

It is possible to split any hand widi 
a pair, and doubling is also an op- 
tion when one more card just might 
do the trick. Insurance against a deal- 
er's upturned ace can be called at the 
touch of a key, but only expert card 
counters really benefit. It cuts losses 
and protects against a natural 21, but 
itil never make a winner out of a los- 
ing hand. 

In all, Video Vegas is a pleasant di- 
version. The program would have had 
more bile if it had also included some 
form of craps as a fifth game or in 
place of keno or the slot machine. 

Baudville, 1001 Medical Park 
Drive S.E. , Grand Rapids, MI 49506 
(phone: 616-957-3036). 

—Rick Teverbaugh 



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YOU GET 

YOU KEEP 

AND USE TO 

OPERATE 

VOUfl BUSINESS 



Guaranteed Loans...Direct Loans...and Immediate Loans are available now! 

Most men and women seriously imeresled in starting tneir own business are eligible to apply — mcluding those who already own a bu&iness and need 
capital tast loi expansion. ..or to stay alloal-.eyen it they've been llatly refused by banks and lorned down elsewhere! Vel, loo many never quality, simply 
because they do not know how to 'properly" prepare the loan application... 



In ofder io help those peopfe 
applying for these guaranteed and 
direct loans till out tfieir loan appli- 
cations the "right way" our business 
fesearcheirs. with Iheir diligent com- 
pilation and effective ef1or(s. have 
succsssiully assembled and pub- 
lished a comprehensive, easy-to- 
follcm seminar manual' The Business 
Opportunely Seekers' t^ans Manual. | 
mat will qukkly show you praclically i 
Avsry^lng you'll nnd to hnffw ro prepare 
a toan applicaiion lo gei fede<-al!y 
Guaranteed and Direct Loans 

Here are juai KHtrt of tt>a m«ny I 
tmporlant b*n«(lli the Business I 
Opportunity Seekers' Loans Uanuat | 
piOviQesyouwilh 

• ■ compl«t*1y llilled 4n tflmple lel 
of Ktu«l SBA lo*rk Applicilion 
lormi, all p>rop«rfy lllltd In lor 
you Id eaiiiy lollow — aids you in 
quickly pr«p*rtn^ your own 
loan applicatton lh« right wiy. 
E*ch lln« on th* umpJ* appll- 
cjtlon tormi Is «iplBir>ttd and 
Nlustratid in saiy-lo-urKf^r- 
siand lengutg*. 

• fast ipplicadon pftpifsl^on 
procedures lor gening loans for 
both new start up busmess 
ventures and estcbMshed lirmt 

• advlB*! you on how to properly 
Answer key quesllons neces- 
sary lor loan approval and m 
order to he^p avoid having your 
appHeaiton lumed down— gives 
you advtce on what you should 
not do under any circumstances 

• what simple slept you take to 
guarantee ellgibillly— no matter 
If yDu do rHJt preeenlly quality 

• whart you can Nia your appli- 
cation for taalast processing. 
At tnjs point ine most impoMant 

question yOu want answ^ered is 
Just wfiere iS ail this loan money 
coming from'' lr>credibteas ir may 
sound— these Guaranteed Loans 

Dtrect Loaris and immediate 
Loans are mo^eti available right 
now — (rom ihe best and yei ine 
most overlooked ana (requenfly 
tne most ignored and sometimes 
ouir«gfi| Mfliculed made-fun-of 
source 0' ready money 'ast 
capriai in America - THE 
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 

Of course mere are mose wno 
uDon heaiing the words UNtTED 
STATES GOVERNMENT wi^iU 
instanHy Ifee^e up and 'town and 
say 

only minoiities can get small 
busyness loan money from rfte 
gortrr^menr'" 

Vel on the olher hand (and most 
puzzling) others wilt rant on and on 
andoni^iat 

don't even try. it's fusi impos- 
sible — all those Business Loans 
Programs are stnctty tor the Chryslers, 
the Lockhe0<i&. the big corpora^ 
tions, not for the little guy or small 
companies " etc 




SlTll there are those wno 
declare 

t rt^^a money fight no»f tnti 
sitiaii bustneii government foam 
take too OMfnlong It $ impossible 
to Quality t^o one ever gets one of 
trtose loans 

Or you may heaf tt>e$e 
comn-*nis 

My accountant s funiof 
assistant says fie thinks ttmignttje 
i waste of my time* '■H0ci'_ there s 
too much worrisome paperwork 
and red tape to wa^e through" 

Frankly — such rantings and 
ravings are |ust a lot of "bull" 
without any reait basis — and only 
serve to dearly show (hat lack ol 
k^nowledge misinformation 
and not quite lully understanding 
the UNITED STATES GOVEHN- 
MENT'S Small Business Admmis- 
tralion's (S5A) Pfoqrams have 
untorlunalely caused a lqI ot 
people to ignore wnal is without a 
doubt — not only itie most 
important and generous source ol 
Imancing for new busmess Start 
UPS and eMistmg business 
expansions »n (his country — but 
ot rhe entire world' 

Now thiai you've neard t'he bull' 
about the United Stales Govern- 
menCs SBA Loan Program — take 
a few more moments and read (he 
tollowmg facts 

* Onfy 9.Vft of approved loans 
ware actually made Io minorilet 
Last year 

* What SBA racognlzes as a 
"smalF buiiness" aclually 
applies to 97 S ol all Itw 
companies in Ihe nillon 

* Red tape comet about onfy 
when tt>e loan appltcaNon Is 
seni back due Io applicant no( 
providing the rtquesled Infor- 
rnatk>n,..or provKJir^g Ihe wrong 
lnfoitnabo«i 

« The $BA ts required by 
Congress to provide a minimum 
dotlar tmouni In businasi loans 
eacti fiscal year In order Io law> 
fully comply with sirtct quotas. 
(Almost S blllwn this yaar) 

Yet despjie Ihe millions who 
miss Out — mere a^e st'li iiteraliy 
thousands 0* ambil+ous man and 
women nationwide who are prop- 
erly applying — being approve<J 
— and obtaining suHicfcnt funds 
to either Stan a new Qusiness a 
liancrMse o; buy out or expand an 
e«isfing one Mostly It^ey are all 
just typical Americans wim no 
lancy !ttles who jsed essentially 
the tame eflecilve know-how lo 
till oltI tneir appi-calionsthatyou it 
Imd m the Business Oppottuniiy 
Seekers' Loans Manual 

So don t you dare be shy atxiut 
applying tor and accepting these 
guaranteed ana flrreci govemmem 
loans Cufious<y enougn rrie 
government is actuiMy very myci 



GUARANTEE -1 

Simply - look Over mis most 
etfeCIive money reumg loan 
D'epa'Stion assistance manual 
for IS days - and (hen it you 
are nor convince-i mat m can 
actuatiy help you obtain (he 
Business Loan you need right 
away - jusi return hi <oi a full 
and prompt retund 



GUARANTEE 12 

Even after iSdays he'ps rio* 

you are still iirongiy prolecteo 

il yOu aecioe to keep ih* 

manust - and you apply tor 3r> 
SBA Loan anytime Wirnm l 
year yowf lean musi tje 

approved and you musi acljaiiy 
'eceive the 'uodsor you' money 
will be relurxJed »n (ijii 



interesred m helping you stan ■ 
business mat will make a dot d' 
money its to their advantage — 
[r»e mofs mortey yOu make tne 
more tnay siand to collect m lajics 
in liscal 1966. our nations good old 
Qienerous uncle' wili either lend 
directly or guararvtee biHiont of 
doftan 'n loan requests atong wim 
technical assislince and even 
sales 0''OCur«men( issitltnce 
Ramemper It you don't apply (or 
these available SSA funds 
som«b»dy «4a* caiialnly will. 

Oon't Eoaaout — npwisihe t>e$t 
lime to place your order for ih^s 
comprehensive manual It is not 
told in ttores. Available only py 
mail through ihisad. airecityfrom 
Financial Freedom Co., the ex- 
clusive pubilaher, at jusI a small 
(faction of what it would cost for 
Ihg servrces of a private loan 
advisor or to attend a semmar 
for eiampie; 

imiialfy. this amaimg Guaran- 
teed ana Direct Loans Manual was 
sp^iaitf Oesigned to be the basfS 
ot a Small Business Loan Serf mar 
— where each registrant wouic 
pay an aamisston tee of S*50 But 
our company felt thai since me 
manual's QuaMy instructions were 
so axcaptlon^Hy cryttal-clmmr mai 
jnjf-orTe 1*^0 cou'i? read covfC 
MucceMstutty ute ftt tecftnlquma 
Without having to aner^a a semmar 
qr pay lot costty private loan 
advisory assistance services 

Therefore, (or those purchasing 
the manual by mail no 3 day class 
no course and accornmodadons 
3ie required And rather man S450 
we coiiifl slash me flf^ce an the 
way down io |ust a mere S20 — a 
smalt portion o' a typical serflmar 
attendance lee — providing you 
promplly fill m and mail coupon 
below witn fee whrle this special 
sen\tnar-in-print manuat ofter is 
still available by mait at this reia 
lively low pfice' 

Rememoer this most unique 
manual auickly provides you witn 
actual san^pie copies of S8A Loan 
appifcairon and ail omer fequired 
forms— already prooeffy filleO m 
(or you to easriy use as retiaoiy 
accurate step-oy-siep gmoes — 
thus ortering you complete 
assurar^ce mat yOu< apphcadan 
will be properly prepared anq 
merecv irrimed>aie*¥ puitmg you 
on tr\e rigni road (o obtaining fast 
no »ec-iape loan aoorova* 



Only because we a>e so conti 
dent that this is a fact do we dare 
make such a strong binding 
30 idom -heard ol Double 
Guarantee No alrgngar 

01 course, no one can guarantee 
that every request wtii be ap- 
proved—but ckjarly we are fitmly con- 
vinced ihai any sound bU9(r\ess re- 
quest pj^perty prepared — ahow*ng a 
reasonable chance of repayment and 
sut>miited 10 SBA — vi^iii be approved 

THOUSANDS ARE 
PROPERLY APPLYING 
AND BEING APPROVED. 
HERE'S YOUR CHANCE 
TO JOIN THEM! 



FREE BONUS 

If yOti O'der yOur m^inual 

loday you it receive a valuable 
treasury ot fdSt easy low 
capital and highly proiitaoie 
Oustness programs Morth lorty 
five doitars you*s abso 
lutety tree* 



ItW/- tai deductible as .a 
butin*ss aipansa. Don't delay — 
ordar your copy today! 
NO RISK LOAN OPPORTUNtTY FORM< 



GUARANTEED YOUR LOAN MUST BE APPROVED . . OR MONEY BACK — ONLY A 
SMALL PRICE TO PAY FOR THE LOAN YOU CAN GET NO RISK AND NO HASSLES. 



Diiich md rush Idr 

COMPLETE PDEfAHATiaN 

ASSISTANCE FOR LOAN AFPHOUAL 



Ptea&e rush me _ 



_ copies of 
'Business Opporignity Seekers' 
Loans Manual" each at a $2C lee 
plus $300 handkng and shipping 
I am fully protecieO by the two strong 
guafaniees &t>ove I'm order i^ torlay 
- M I can receive FREE - the vaJuaftie 
treasury ol fast, easy low-capiiai and 
highly profitable business p^ogi-ams 
worth tofty-fiw dcrilars - minetrae 
to keep even rf l decKle to return the 
manual tor a full refund 

Enclosed is Full Paymen( 
Cash Check Money Order 
Send payment with order. 

Name 

Please Print Clearly 
Address ._ 



.Zip 



Oily 

Stale _ 

MAIL TO 

RoancJal Fr»«doni Publlsh«n 

now, SIhSt. Dapt AM-2 

Wlnston'S«l«in, NC 37101 



€)198S RvMfer Service No. 116 





Value-Soft 

9513 S.W. Barbur Blvd. H-bG 
Portland, Oregon 97219 

Dealers & Schools WelcoBe 




For ORDERS only 

1-800-544-SOFT 

Oregon call 1-503-246-0924 
Add *2.00 S. & H. Visa/MC gladly 





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COMMODORE M & in COMPUTERS 



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Rawl.r Safvlce No. 101 




^^ MIGA SiSCTIO ^ 



:jj7 m 
FEATURING 

Profound Prestidigitation, 

iiND£ 




I 




It has been well over a year and 
a half since Commodore pre- 
sented the Amiga, amidst 
much fanfere, to a packed hall 
at New \brk's Lincoln Center. We 
have used this time to sit back, gath- 
er up our socks, and ponder the sig- 
nificance of this machine which still 
represents the forefront of microcom- 
puting technology. Nor has Commo- 
dore been idle during this interval, 
as we found out at a private showing 
this past December. At that time we 
vrere treated to a sneak preview of the 
Amiga 2000. 

The Amiga 2000 represents a ma- 
turing of the new technology which 
was introduced with the Amiga 1000. 
The Amiga 2000 will also serve as 
a bridge to the extensive world of 
"Business Computing" in terms of the 
IBM PC and its clones. In brief, the 
Amiga 2000 has all of the Amiga 
1000 capabilities on a chassis 
equipped with Kickstart 1.2 in ROM, 
one metabyte of RAM, one Amiga 
slot (86 pin), five Zorro slots (100 
pin), one video expansion slot, and 
four IBM XT/AT slots. The CPU will 
accommodate three disk drives inter- 
nally and two more externally. 



Tlie Amiga Side 

First and foremost, the Amiga 
2000 is an Amiga. That is, we expect 
it to be fully compatible with all the 
software already developed for the 
Amiga 1000, The bulk of the operat- 
ing system has been placed in a quar- 
ter megabyte of ROM. The need for 
the Kickstart disk, which present 
Amiga users are all too ^miUar with, 
has thus been eliminated. This will 
speed up the initialization of the ma- 
chine, as only a single disk, contain- 
ing Wjrkbench or an application pro- 
gram, will be required at boot up. 

With the operating system in ROM 
it will no longer be possible to change 
versions by booting from a different 
disk. To allow for the operation of 
software, which may require earlier 
versions of Kickstart for proper op- 
eration, it will be possible to switch 
to Kickstart in the system's RAM. 
However, the viabihty of this proce- 
dure wil] have to be evaluated separ- 
ately for each application. Although 
this will occupy 256 kilot^s of us- 

VBxff and Photos 
by Morton Kovolton 



er RAM, it should not present a 
problem. A\fe have ftnind that software 
which requires the earlier Kickstart 
release will generally Ml to proper- 
ly recognize system RAM beyond the 
half megabyte of chip RAM. To allow 
for the possibility of operating as- 
tern upgrades, the system ROMs will 
be socketed. 

The Amiga 2000 represents a ma- 
jor addition to the hardware of the ba- 
sic Amiga in nearly every regard. A 
clue to the extent of this expansion 
is given by the visible bulk of the 
CPU. Its sheet metal enclosure is a 
bit narrower than the Amiga 1(X)0, but 
it is nearly twice its height. In addi- 
tion there is no longer any space to 
slide the keyboard under the CPU. 
A cursory inspection re^'cals front 
panel positions for two SVi" disk 
drives and one half-height 5 "i" drive. 
The default configuration includes 
only a single SVi" drive. 

The optional drive slots may be 
filled with either floppy disk drives 
or hard drives of the ^propriate size. 
The Amiga 2000 will be equipped to 
handle three internal and two external 
floppy disk drives for a total of three 
y/i" and two SW drives. The hard 

AHOrt S3 



DATA EAST BRINGS 
ARCADE REALISM HOME! 



^0-^ 



^^5*f'' 



■^M^ 












W'-f'TW*' 



1^^ 



k \KMi L'HAMI'' - Put on your black belt and trjin, .ind ritjpturi- llif liuil! liir t'lMnnUHln 

I li.rllfnpi' vmir trii^nds or Ihc lomputer through W I2S1" 

null- |.>ultirosi]tn.- sctlinps in (his leading M.irli.il TAC, TLAM WKL^TI IS'C," trjim\ink 

Arls t;.ime lo bi'cunif thf K.irjtf Ch.inip. For slannii.i .irc llu' ki'X's. .is you ,iiid vour (Mrtn 

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t'OAf.Vf.l.VDO "- As till- i-rjck shot Oimni.indo, nui'sl tor llu' bi'lt. l-orCoiiiinodori-tvt |2S'", 

IvIlU' o\iTwln.>hnint; odds lo di'k\it .idv,iiicin(; II ^ si'rios. ,iiid IHM . 

ri'hd lonvs' Armod vvillionly ,i m.nliinL^ftun ,uid hUSC.-IV MA^ITR' ' H.illli- Ihi-rvil fo 

li.uui j^rcii.ulL's. you must ro.ich (ho (orln-ss. l-or (lirouBh lhi> tivc d<iii);erous lloors in Iho ivi/ 

Commodore tvl 12H'", Appli'll" series, .ind IHM. c.islkMorfM'Ui-tlifi-.ipliviM.iinti.iidi-n. l-or' 

tkAlilWUiKIOKti" Hohindi'iuTiu linos. niodoro (si; 12H'" and Apple II* series. 

j;u*Till.i \\ .irtaro .iro \inir l.uliu s .is vou .ind \iiiir ^ 

. p.irlni'r Killli' lhrouj;h tlio jun};li'S. rivors. niins. 
and opposing i'n(renfh moil Is in this inter octive 
2-pl.n'er .ircjdo hit . For Commodoro M 12S '." 

HliEAkrHRir' - Yourniissumislorolriovelhe I 

.V sforot lij;litor pLino stolon In hosiiio ri'iiog.ii.los. 

Lso your sophisliojk'd jssjull vohiilo to Brojk 
Thru iMoli ol the five enemy slronsholds. For 
Cimimodiiro h4'i2H!* - 

DATA EAST USA, INC. \70 NEEDLES DRIVE. SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA K?! 12. (40S) 2S<,-7)174 

' l'il<6 DAfA EASr LSA. INL •(.HMMAMXl. IkAKI IVARKIOR^, ,\\:D kUNC-H' MASTER MHO UNDER L.R t.NSE I ROM fAt'tOM USA. SNK UOKI' , ANIJ IREM t OKI' R!iifi:crjVi:i1 
U1MMt1IX1Rt, Al'I'l-t, ANtl IBM ARE RttJSTtREO rKADEMARKS Of LOMMOULlRE ELttTRONICS LTLT . ACI'LE Cl1MI'LTIi'R.>;. INC , AMI IBM. RESI'EfllVKl ^ 
• DATA EAST SWEEPSTAKES - OHIO RESIDENTS MAY ONLY ENTER BY M AIU NC A .1" X v POSTCARD TO (lATA EAST, f O Bl>\ SI-*, SA1 RtVII.L E. \KIV IlKStrY 1XW7: 




A M I • A 



drives will require an optional hard 
disk controller card. Conunodore 
will be offering a DMA hard disk 
controller card which wiU include ST 
506 and SCSI ports. 

The basic machine will come 
equipped with one m^abyte of RAM 
internally expandable to 9 megabytes 
(the Amiga 1000 may be expanded up 
to 8.5 metabytes). The default mega- 
byte is equally divided between chip 
RAM and fest RAM. The defeult mi- 
croprocessor will be the 68000 run- 
ning at 7.14 MHz. An optional accel- 
erator board, equipped with a 14 
MHz 68020 microprocessor and a 
68881 math coprocessor, will also be 
available from independent develop- 
ers. The 68000 is internally a 32 bit 
microprocessor with a 16 bit address 
bus. The 68020 is the full 32 bit ver- 
sion of the 68000. 

The Amiga 2000 provides for sig- 
nificant internal expansion of the 
hardware. In fact there are a total of 
seven expansion slots just for Amiga 
peripherals. The additional slots for 
IBM equipment will be discussed la- 
ter. Five of the Amiga slots are de- 
signed in accordance with the 100 pin 
Zorro specification we discussed in 
the February issue. These slots will 
meet all the electrical requirements 
of the specification. However, the 
form factor of the expansion boards 
has been changed. The Amiga 2000's 
Zorro cards will have the same size 
and shape as the expansion cards for 
the IBM PC. If you read the Amiga 
Section in the February Ahoy!, you 
may recall our mentioning that Com- 
modore had marked parts of the Zor- 
ro specification as seriously prelim- 
inary. Well, they certainly weren't 
kidding. 

Fortunately, the electrical part of 
the expansion slots will still conform 
to the Zorro specification. Board ma- 
kers will only have to change the phy- 
sical layout of their cards. If the or- 
iginal board layout was done on a 
CAD system, then their redesign will 
require minimal effort. Commodore 
provided all Amiga developers with 
the details of the new machine at the 
Monterey Amiga developers' confer- 
ence held last fell. 



The sixth expansion slot is identi- 
cal to the 86 pin external expansion 
bus on the Amiga 1000. Since it lacks 
any buffering, this slot permits direct 
access to the micropnxessor's bus for 
the addition of coprocessors as in the 
accelerator board mentioned above. 
However, existing slap-on expansion 
boards cannot be readily plugged into 
this slot. Its internal location and or- 
ientation make this physically impos- 
sible. Once again, a minimal rede- 
sign of the board layout is all that will 
be required to modify existing slap- 
on card designs. 

As the details of the new machine 
are already in the hands of existing 
Amiga developers, it would not sur- 
prise us if the present manufacturers 
of Amiga expansion cards had Amiga 



Graphic Display Modes 
Another release from our What's-all-the-fuss-oiwut Department 

Now that Commodore is preparing to enter the IBM PC market 
in a big way, we have started to look at what's available on the other 
side of the fence. One thing we couldn't help but notice was that an 
inordinate amount of fiiss and attention was being given to IBM's new 
EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) standard. This board, introduced 
in late 1984, costs between $500 and $1000 depending on the 
accompanying RAM. In return it will equip a PC with enhanced color 
graphics, making possible a host of new applications for the PC. Not 
unexpectedly, a host of clone makers are already offering substitute EGA 



S I C T I O N 

20(X) format boards available on the 
day the machine was released. We 
will also be looking for add-on cag- 
es for the Amiga 1000 which will du- 
plicate some or all of the expansion 
slots provided with the Amiga 2000. 
The addition of all this internal ex- 
pansion has not resulted in a signifi- 
cant loss of external ports. In feet the 
only thing missing, which was pres- 
ent on the Amiga 1000, is the com- 
posite video output. The serial and 
parallel ports for printers, modems, 
and other standard peripherals will 
still be available. However, the seri- 
al and parallel ports will now con- 
form to the IBM PC standard. This 
win permit the use of off-the-shelf ca- 
bles with printers and modems. The 
dual mouse/joystick/light pen ports 




Graphics Formats for Commodore and IBM PC 



Machine 
VIC 20 


Resolution 
(pixels HxV) 

192 X 184 


Colors 

8 out of 8 


Plus/4 


320 X 200 


121 out of 121 


C-64 


160x200 


16 out of 16 


C-64 


320 X 200 


16 out of 16 


C-128 


640x200 


Monochrome 


EGA (PC) 


640x350 


16 out of 64 


CGA (PC) 


320 X 200 


4 out of 16 


CGA (PC) 


640 X 200 


2 out of 16 


MDA (PC) 


720 X 350 


Monochrome 


Hercules (PC) 


720 x 348 


Monochrome 


Amiga 


320 X 200 


32 out of 4096 


Amiga 


320 X 400 


32 out of 4096 


Amiga (HAM) 


320 X 200 


4096 out of 4096 


Amiga 


640 X 200 


16 out of 4096 


Amiga 


640 x400 


16 out of 4096 



EGA = Enhanced Graphics Adapter 
CGA = IBM Color Graphics Adapter 
[MDA = IBM Monochrome Display Adapter 



cards at prices of 
only $300 to 
$600 -a fraction 
(although a large 
fraction) of the 
cost of the IBM 
offering. 

Having be- 
come accus- 
tomed to reason- 
ably detailed col- 
or graphics on 
several genera- 
tions of Commo- 
dore computers, 
we decided to 
fmd out what all 
the fuss was 
about. Just what 
does IBM's EGA 
offer? The results 
are summarized 
in the accom- 
panying table. M 



AHOri 55 



Internal Exponsion 

The Amiga 2000 is the first 
Commodore mlcrocoiT^uter to of- 
fer extensive internal expansibil- 
ity. Technically, all of the previ- 
ous Commodore machines were 
fiilly expandable via external add- 
ons. Practically, the actual expan- 
sion that could be done was very 
limited. Let us take a close look 
at the significance of internal ex- 
pansion as it is implemented on 
the IBM and its clones and the Ap- 
ple n femily of computers, versus 
the externally expandable design 
of the Amiga 1000 and the C-64. 

To begin with, many of the fea- 
tures that are taken for granted by 
Commodore users have to be add- 
ed to the machines from Big Blue 
and the Fruit Company. An Amiga 
or C-64 out of the box can be con- 
nected to several external disk 
drives, a printer, and a modem. 
All of the internally expandable 
machines require accessory cards 
for these functions. The C-64 is 
equipped with a user configurable 
port for serial or parallel bidirec- 
tional data transmission. Once 
again, these fimctions are option- 
al on Blue and Fruit. The Com- 
modore machines come fiilly 
equipped for color or mono- 
chrome display on a video moni- 
tor or home television. Big Blue 
out of the box has no visual out- 
put whatsoever. The fruit machine 
does provide a signal for a video 
monitor, but the TV connection 
requires an add-on RF modulator. 

As a result, a large part of the 
internal expansion on these ma- 
chines is generally devoted to fea- 
^ires which are built in on the 

have been moved to the front of the 
console. 

"N^deo display is the Amiga's 4096 
color analog RGB or the more limi- 
ted RGBI format. If composite video 
or modulated RF (for television use) 
is required, an optional video card 
will have to be installed. The com- 
posite video functions have been 
delegated to a dedicated video slot lo- 

56 AHOri 



Commodore product. 

The advantage of internal expan- 
sion is in the clear definition of the 
configuration for external peri- 
pherals. This is of the greatest 
benefit to third party peripheral 
manufacturers. In turn, the popu- 
larity of the host machine is sig- 
nificantly enhanced. A manufec- 
turer of an IBM or Apple peri- 
pheral is able to guarantee that his 
product will function in the ma- 
chine. The user has every reason 
to expect his add-on cards to func- 
tion harmoniously with any other 
peripherals he may already have. 
If problems do arise, the respon- 
sible party is readily identified. 

The provision for significant in- 
ternal expansion also requires that 
the machine's power supply be de- 
signed for some amount beyond 
the immediate requirements of die 
main machine. For example, the 
Amiga 2000 will be equipped with 
a 200 watt power supply. 

In the C-64 world peripherals 
will generally monopolize their as- 
sociated expansion port. For ex- 
ample, multiple expansion port 
cartridges camiot be used. These 
cartridges will invariably conflict 
with each other. Commodore has 
addressed the compatibility prob- 
lem on the Amiga 1000 by pub- 
lishing autoconfiguration and in- 
tercard communication protocols. 
However, in the absence of a cen- 
tral testing agency, there are no 
guarantees that products fiom dif- 
ferent manu&cturers will function 
harmoniously. The presence of an 
internal expansion chassis in the 
Amiga 2000 provides the common 
ground for all peripheral makers. 

cated at the right rear comer of the 
main board. This slot may be used 
for an optional composite video or 
genlock type of peripheral. Commo- 
dore will be offering a video card 
which will provide standard NTSC 
or PAL video output. We expect third 
party developers to take advantage of 
this slot by offering specialized vid- 
eo applications for the broadcast in- 



dustry. Many users of the Amiga 
1000 have expressed interest in this 
type of expansion. 

Disk drive expansion has not been 
neglected. The CPU can accommo- 
date a second 3 '/a" drive as well as 
a half-height 514" drive. The former 
is intended for the Amiga side while 
the latter is for use by the optional 
PC card. Alternatively, hard disk 
drive modules may be substituted for 
either the 3 Vi" or 5^A" floppies. This 
still leaves room for two external 
drives, a SVi" unit and a 5'i" unit, 
both configured as Amiga drives. 

The drive controller for the option- 
al disk drives is built into the basic 
system. The optional Commodore 
DMA hard drive controller card will 
also provide connections for two ST- 
506 drives as well as an SCSI (Small 
Computer System Interface) port. 
The ST-506 format port is useid by 
the IBM PC and its compatibles. The 
SCSI is the interlace for the Apple 
Macintosh and is becoming some- 
thing of an industry standard. 

Some additional features have 
found their way into the system. The 
Amiga 2000 will bcorporate a built- 
in clock/calendar with battery back- 
up. Users femiliar with Amiga DOS 
will immediately recognize the value 
of this accessory. The keyboard has 
also been extended. The key count 
is now 94 (96 on the international 
version), up from 89 on the original 
Amiga. The numeric keypad has 
been extended to 18 keys, including 
open and close parentheses and all 
four of the basic math operators. All 
of the PC style labels have also been 
added to the front face of all the ap- 
propriate keys. The cursor keys are 
now in an inverted T" layout, and the 
function keys have been separated 
from the main keyboard in PC clone 
style. 

The PC Clone Side 

The Amiga 2000 actually has the 
built-in hardware for adding a com- 
plete PC XT or AT clone. These ma- 
chines utilize the 8088/8086 and the 
80286 microprocessors. The poten- 
tial also exists for expansion to in- 
clude an 80386 microprocessor. 



However, standards for the 80386 rai- 
cropnx^ssor expansion bus have not 
yet been established. This PC expan- 
sion has been implemented by incor- 
porating an AT compatible, four slot 
expansion bus on the main circuit 
board. 

The design of the Amiga 2000's ex- 
pansion bus requires some qualifica- 
tion. The four PC slots consist of t\wo 
AT type slots and two XT slots. The 
AT slots add a second 36 pin con- 
nector to the original 62 pin connec- 
tor used by the XT style cards. How- 
ever, the printed circuit traces for the 
AT extension are present for all four 
slots. Thus the additional AT connec- 
tor extensions can be easily added if 
required. Note that the skirt overhang 
on many XT board designs limits 
their installation to the positions 
where the AT extension slot is vacant. 

The two AT style expansion slots 
are in line with two of the Amiga's 
Zorro slots. This is essential to the 
design of the system. The PC XT or 
AT compatibility is achieved by in- 
stalling a bridge card which spans one 
of the Zorro-XT/AT slots. This card 
will include an 8088 or an 80286 mi- 
croprocessor, its own RAM and 
ROM BIOS, a pair of custom ICs to 
implement the Amiga-PC interfece, 
and a disk drive interface. In effect 
this amounts to an XT or AT clone 
on a card. Inter system communica- 
tion will be maintained via a 64 kilo- 
byte, dual-port RAM as an inter-pro- 
cess buffer with a 64 kilobyte dual- 
port scrateh memory on the Amiga 
side. 

The XT version of the bridge card, 
model A 2088, will include an 8088 
microprocessor running at 4.77 MHz, 
its own 512 or 256 kilobytes of RAM, 
16 kilobytes of ROM BIOS and an in- 
terfece for one internal and three ex- 
ternal 5 W" 360 kilobyte disk drives. 
The system will use the Amiga's 
parallel port for printer interfacing 
unless a PC communications card is 
installed in one of the three remain- 
ing slots. The operating system, sup- 
plied with the card, will be MS-DOS 
version 3.2 which supports both "hW 
and SW inch disk formats. 

IBM type monochrome text and 





color displays will be available simul- 
taneously through Amiga windows. 
The borders of these windows may 
be turned off to permit the full 80 
column display. Since the PC displays 
are implemented using the Amiga's 
graphics, full user control of screen 
format and color is available via the 
Amiga's Preferences tool. This ap- 
plies to both the monochrome and 
color PC windows. The PC windows 
may also be sized to run alongside any 
number of Amiga apphcations. The re- 
duced size PC windows may be 
scrolled across a full PC text screen. 
The PC side of the system will re- 
ceive considerable support from the 
Amiga side. To start with, the shar- 



The Janus or 
Bridge board 
(actual name 
not yet set) is a 
'AM IBM PC 
clone on a 
plug-in card. 
Zorro connec- 
tor is to the 
left with PC 
connector to 
the right. 



ing of low cost, readily available PC 
peripherals will greatly enhance the 
operation of the Amiga system. The 
most notable example is the partition- 
ing of hard disk drives for use by both 
systems. With this arrangement a low 
cost (under S500) PC hard card may 
be installed in one of the PC slots. 
Under software control the hard 
drive's storage capacity may be par- 
titioned for use by both systems. If 
desired, the entire capacity may be 
assigned exclusively to the Amiga. 
Additional hardware and software 
applications will be forthcoming from 
Commodore as well as third party 
developers. These applications will 
promote greater integration between 



the Amiga and MS/DOS operating 
systems. One of the first of these util- 
ities will support cut and paste op- 
erations between software packages 
running on the two systems. The pos- 
sibilities are endless. 

Conclusions 

At a year and a half after its intro- 
duction the Amiga is still at the tech- 
nological forefront of microcomput- 
ing. Nevertheless, the size of the PC 
"business" market is just too large to 
ignore. With the Amiga 2000 Com- 
modore will be bridging the gap be- 
tween the advanced features of the 
Amiga and the widespread "respect- 
ability" of the PC clones. In the pro- 
cess we feel that several notable 
things will be achieved. First, Com- 
modore is demonstrating its continu- 
ing support for the Amiga design hy 
offering a fully compatible and high- 
ly expandable upgrade path. Second- 
ly, the "business" community will 
now have an excuse to buy an Amiga 
for their own use. Once it is in their 
hands we feel confident that the Ami- 
ga will make the proper impression. 

With this new machine Commo- 
dore has effectively extended the def- 
inition of the Amiga's multitasking 





Slot machine close up. Four PC XT 

type connectors at top, five 100-pin 

Amiga connectors at bottom. 

operating system to include multipro- 
cessing and multioperating system. 
Since the add-on processors all have 
their own system resources, both 
hardware and software, they will all 
run at ft] 11 speed. In this mode, the 
Amiga need only maintain appropri- 
ate windows for input and output. 




CompuCrazy 



"Ready for an adventurous challenge? 
We're a team. And Nellie ]— 
doesn't horse around." 



■r n- 



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CompuServe 

GA3IES 



>mL 



You never know 
who you'll be up against 
when you go online 
with CompuServe. 



1 To buy your CompuServe Subscriptfon Kit, 
see your nearest computer dealer. 
Suggested retail price $39.95. 

To request our free brochure or order direct, 
call or write: 800-848-81 99 
(In Ohio, call 614-457-0802) 

CompuServe^ 

Dion Centre Hvd. 

,OH432M 



RMdsr Servica No. 141 



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Ahoy! uses only 

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NAME. 



ADDRESS. 
CITY 



STATE 



^IP. 




New Amiga 2000 Peripherals 




A 


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I 



A 2088 

"An 8088 microprocessor board 
which provides PC XT compati- 
bility. Price will be less than $500 
for a boanl with 512K of RAM. 

A 2286 
An 80286 microprocessor board 
which provides PC AT compati- 
bility. Price and configuration to 
be determined. 

A 2050 
2 MByte Amiga RAM board 
which can be populated as Vi, I, 
or 2 MBytes. Price will be less 
than $600 for the 2M version. 

A 2058 
8 MByte Amiga RAM board 
which can be populated as 4, 6, or 
8 MBytes. Price is dependent on 

This is a task which die Amiga does 
very well inasmuch as its operating 
system was designed with this in 
mind. Most of the windowing opera- 
tions are handled ty the Amiga's own 
trio of custom coprocessors, leaving 
the 68000 free to run unique Amiga 
applications. 

In the ultimate scenario we can ex- 
pect a multitasking operating system 
to become available for the PC world. 
This is the intended purpose of the 
80286 and 80386 microprocessors. 
We find it interesting that although 
the PC AT is currently available, its 



video 
Price 



the cost of the one megabit RAM 
chips when it is introduced. 

A2094 
Amiga DMA Hard Disk Control- 
ler board for two ST506 hard 
drives plus an SCSI port. Price 
will be less than $250. 

A 2060 

Amiga NTSC composite 
and RF modulator board. 
will be less than $100. 

A 2002 
RGB and composite video color 
monitor. Price will be under $400. 

A 2080 
Color monitor with long persis- 
tence phosphors for use with in- 
terlace mode. Price will be less 
than $500, 



operating system is still that of the or- 
iginal PC. The operating system to 
take full advantage of the 80286 mi- 
croprocessor is still six months to a 
year away. By comparison, the Ami- 
ga's operating system already had 
multitasking capability over one year 
ago. When this comes to pass we can 
see an Amiga 2000 multitasking sev- 
eral Amiga applications alongside a 
PC window which in turn may be 
multitasking several PC applications. 
In effect, the rest of the world will 
finally be catching up to where the 
Amiga was over one year ago. D 




View from right shows disk drive stack and power supply enclosure. At bot- 
tom we have tantalizing glimpses of the RAM, ROM, and microprocessors. 



Cfiip RAM V. Fast RAM 

Chip RAM is so designated as 
it is the only RAM which is di- 
rectly accessible to the Amiga's 
graphic and sound coprocessors. 
Data stored in chip RAM can be 
manipulated by the coprocessors 
without the intervention of the 
68000 microprocessor. 

The term &st RAM has been a 
source of confusion for Amiga us- 
ers. The implication is that chip 
RAM is somehow slow b^ 
comparison. This is just not so. 
The sjjeed of the 68000 is fixed 
by the internal clock at over 7.14 
MHz. Thus code residing in chip 
or fast RAM can execute at the 
same speed. However, fest RAM 
is inaccessible to the Amiga's 
graphic and sound coprocessors. 
Any graphic or sound data must 
be first transferred to chip RAM 
by the CPU before it can be acted 
on by the coprocessors. It is this 
inability of the coprocessors to ac- 
cess fest RAM from which its 
speed advantage derives. 

Most of the time, the 68000 and 
its coprocessors function in per- 
fect harmony. The Amiga is de- 
signed so that access to RAM by 
the 68000 and the graphic copro- 
cessor occur on alternate clock cy- 
cles. Occasionally the graphics co- 
processor gets greedy by demand- 
ing more than its fair share of time. 
When this happens the 68000 is 
put on hold while the graphics co- 
processor does its job. By compar- 
ison the 68000 is never forced to 
wait for access to fest RAM, no 
matter what the graphics chip m^ 
be up to. 

Strictly speaking, a better name 
for the expansion RAM might be 
"RAM which cannot be accessed 
by the coprocessor chips, thus the 
68000 is ftee to execute code with- 
out hindrance." Most developers 
find this to be somewhat cumber- 
some. Besides, it makes for poor 
advertising copy. As a result we 
have the somewhat misleading, but 
esthetically pleasing, fast RAM. 



AHOT! 61 



OUR PRICES WON'T BYTE 



ABACUS 

Basic 128 $42.95 

Basic 64 29.95 

Cadpal<128 45.95 

Cadpak64 29.95 

Chartpak 128 29.95 

Chartpak 64 29,95 

Cobol 64 29.95 

Cotiol 128 45.95 

Super C Compiler 64/128.... 42.95 

Super Pascal 45.95 

BRODERBUND 

Where in the World 

is Carmen Sandiago $21.95 

P/S Library 1-2-3Ba 15.95 

Print Shop 26.95 

Print Shop Companion 21 .95 

Toy Shop 39.95 

P/S Holiday Library 15,95 

MICRO LEAGUE 

General Manager Disk $24.95 

Micro League Baseball 24.95 

Team Disks 16,93 

RIBBON 

Axiom Elite 5 LCD $ 5,95 

Brother 15. 25, 35 5,95 

Commodore 1525 6.95 

Commodore 1526 6.95 

Epson 185 6.95 

Epson 85 4.95 

Epson mx, fx.rx 100 6,95 

Epson mx, Ix.rx 80 4,95 

Goriila Bananna 6.95 

Juki 6000 4.95 

Juki 6100 3.95 

Legend 880, 1080, 808 6.95 

MPS 801- 6.95 

MPSS03 6.95 

0KMe2, 192 .• 9.75 

OKI 82, 92, 83, 93 2.25 

S6 10-15 2.25 

(Min. 6 per order) 
INFOCOM 

Enchanter 21.95 

Hitchhiker's Guide 21.95 

Invisiclues ea 6.00 

Leather Goddesses 

ofPhobos 21,95 

Spellbreaker 26.95 

Trinity 128 24.95 

Zork 1-2-3 ea 25.95 

DATAEAST 

Commando $21 .95 

Karate Champ 21.95 

Kung Fu Master 21.95 

Tag Team Wrestling 21 .95 

GAM EST AR 

Baseball $21.95 

Basketball 2 on 2 21.95 

FootbaK 21.95 



PRECISION 

Superbase 128 156,95 

Superbase 64 46,95 

Superscript 128 47,95 

Superscript 64 46,95 

TIMEWORKS 

Data Manager 128 $42.95 

Data Manager II 29.95 

Partner 128 42.95 

Swift Calc 128 w/ Sideways . 42.95 

Swilt Calc 64 w/Sideways. , . 29,95 

Word Writer 128 w/Speller ... 42.95 

Word Writer 64 w/ Speller .... 29.95 

DIGITAL SOLUTIONS 

Pocket Filer 128 $31.95 

Pocket Filer 64 24.95 

Pocket Planner 128 31.95 

Pocket Planner 64 24.95 

Pocket Writer 128 31.95 

Pocket Writer 64 24.95 

MICRDPROSE 

Condict in Vietnam 24.95 

Crusade In Europe 24.95 

F-15 Strike Eagle 21.95 

Gunship 21.95 

Silent Service 21.95 

Top Gunner 18.95 

SPRINGBOARO 

Certificate Maker $29.95 

Clip An I 20 95 

Clip Art II 24.95 

Clip Art III 24.95 

Newsroom 29.95 

Graphic Expander 21.95 

Cenrficate Maker#1 21.95 

ACCESS 

Leader Board $24.95 

L.B. Tournament Disk 14.95 

Mach 128 30 95 

Mach 5 21.95 

10th Frame 24.95 

Triple Pack 14.95 



I HOT SELLERS 

[ Star Fleet 1 $29.95 

I Commando 21.95 

Galo 19 95 

Kung Full 19.95 

Tag Team Wrestling 21.95 

Strike Force Cobra 13.95 

X-1 5 Alpha Mission 19.95 

DATASOFT 

Alternate Reality $24.95 

Conan 27.95 

Crosscheck 19.95 

Goontes 18.95 

Mercenary 18.95 

Mind Pursuit., ,. 18.95 

Never Ending Story 18.95 

Gunslinger 19.95 

221B Baker St 19.95 

Ttieatre Europe 21.95 



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WICO floss Joystick.... 
WICO Bat Handle 
Joystick 


$11.50 

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WICO Three Way 
Joystick 


Xetek Graphic Interlace. . 

Xeket Graphic Jr 

RS232 Interface... 

Master Moderm 


Flexidraw Light Pen 

Disk Nolcher 


AlCPOisks(lO) 

Drive Cleaner 

Disk Storage Case (70).. 



FLA 

Bard's Tale....^r' $24,95 

Chessmaster 2000 26.95 

Lords of Conquest 24.95 

Marble Madness 21.95 

Mind Mirror 21 .95 

Moebius 26.95 

Movie Maker 24.95 

Orge 26.95 

Ultima IV 39,95 

Ultimate Wizard 22,95 

Bard's Tale II 27.95 

Auto Duel .,., 34.95 

Scrabble 22.95 

America's Cup 22.95 

Artie Fox 22.95 

MINOSCAPE 

Bop and Wreslle $18.95 

Dolphins Rune 18 95 

Fairlight 18.95 

High Roller 18.95 

Indoor Sports 18.95 

Intihrator 18.95 

Halley Project 18.95 

Lords 01 Midnight 17.95 

Quake 1 17.95 

l.uscher Profile 18.95 

BERKELEY SOFTWARE 

GEOS $36.95 

GEOS Fontpak 1.... 18 95 

GEOS Desk Pack 22.95 

Writer Work Shop 31 95 

Geodex 24,95 

AVALON HILL 

Superbowl Sunday $19.95 

Team Disk 12,95 

SOLID STATE SOFTWARE 

VizaSlar 128 $79,95 

VizaWrite 128 59,95 

ACCOLADE 

Oambusters $18.95 

Fight Night 18.95 

Hard Ball 18.95 

Law oMhe West 18,95 

PSI 5 Trading Comp 18.95 

Kill Until Dead 18.95 

Ace of Aces 18 95 

OecDtor 12,95 



ACTIVISION 

Alter Ego $29.95 

Cross Country Road Race. . . . 19.95 

Mindshadow 19.95 

Murder on ihe Mississippi 21.95 

Rocky Harrow Show 18.95 

Shanghai 21.95 

Spindizzy 18.95 

Transformers 21.95 

Tass Times in Tonetown 21.95 

Gamemaker 24.95 

Gamemaker Sci/Ficition 14.95 

Gamemaker Sports 14.95 

Hacker II 21,95 

Music Studio 21.95 

Aliens 21.95 

Ubyrinth 21.95 

Howard the Duck 21.95 

Portal 25.95 

EPYX 

Fast Load $23.95 

Mulliplan 64/128 29,95 

Programmers Toll Kit 27.95 

Vorpal 21 .95 

World Karate 

Championship 18.95 

World's Greatest 

Baseball 23.95 

Super Cycle 24.95 

World Games 24.95 

World's Greatest 

Football 24.95 

Movie Monster 24.95 

Championship 

Wrestling 24.95 

Destroyer 24.95 

Winter Games 23.95 

FIREBIRD 

Elite $19.95 

Colossus Chess-IV 21.95 

Frankie Goes to 

Hollywood 21.95 

Music Systems 24,95 

Advance Music Systems 49.95 

The Pawn 28.95 

Battle of Britain/ 

Battle lor Midway 13.95 

AK of Yesod/ 

Nodes of Yesod 13.95 

StarGtider 24.95 

Tracker 24,95 

SUBLOGIC 

Flight Sim II $34.95 

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LAPS 

For the C-64 

By James C. Hilty 



The most &nious auto race in the world, the Ion 
International 500, is scheduled to be run this 
weekend. \bu have always dreamed of winning 
the grand prize of one hundred thousand dol- 
lars in cash and a year's subscription to Ahoy! Unfortun- 
ately there can only be 20 cars in the race, and 19 posi- 
tions are already filled. You must post a better time in 
the qualifying laps than your opponent or it's wait till 
next year! 

Laps is a two-player 3-D racing simulation for the C-64. 
The pl£^ers take turns running three qualifying laps, and 
the racer with the best average time after the three laps 
is the winner. When the game is first run, a prompt asks 
for the names of the racers. If you wish to practice run- 
ning laps alone, simply press the RETURN key for each 
name; otherwise enter the name of each racer (up to 10 
letters). The name of the first pl^er is displayed on the 
screen. The speed is shown as 50 mph. The player car 
(red) cannot go slower than 50 mph or &ster than 3(X) 
mph. The racer uses a joystick in Port 2. The same joy- 
stick is used by both players. To begin your lap, press 
the fire button. Pushing the joystick up increases your 
speed, while pushing it down slows you down. Pushing 
the stick left or right moves you left or right. After your 
lap is completed your time is shown in the bottom half 
of the screen. The second racer's name comes up and 
he runs his lap. This continues until each player has driv- 
en three laps. The average time for each racer is then 
calculated and a winner is declared. 

THIISACK 

The upper half of the screen show« your car on a 3-D 
racing track with a city in the background. If you hit the 
red and white track boundaries during a lap, your car 
crashes, time is added to your lap time, and your car 
must start at 50 mph. Your position in the lap stays the 
same. The same is true if you crash into one of the other 
cars that happen to be on toe track. There are green cars 
on the track that travel at high speeds and there are yel- 
low cars on the track that are moving very slow. These 
cars are obstacles and should be avoided, as a crash will 
cost you time. 

Tlmis on the track appear suddenly and are very treach- 
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fly off the track. Don't forget to steer your car when you 
arc in a turn, or you wUl end up on the other side of 
the road or crash into another car. 

How you run your race depends on you and yoiu" oppo- 




nent. A conservative race run at slow to moderate speeds 
could give you a decent time and force your opponent 
to try to drive a fester, more wide open race. The last 
lap for each pl^er will often decide the outcome of the 
game. Remember, the winner is decided on the average 
time of all three laps, so one bad lap time doesn't put 
you out of the game. 

Will your dream come true? Will you win a place in 

the Ion International 500? It is up to you, the race car 

driver, to decide your fate against a worthy opponent. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE 107 



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HACK-PACK 

Matacomco 
Coflimodore 128 
Diik; $39.95 

BASIC 7.0 on the C-128 is the best 
BASIC Commodore has ever pro- 
duced on an eight bit machine. Ac- 
tually, among Commodore BASICs, 
its only competition comes from Am- 
igaBASIC. Nevertheless, if you look 
hard enough (or even just a Uttle bit) 
you can always find room for im- 
provement. Hack-Pack for the C-128 
feels that it has found that room for 
improvement, and on diat point we 
win agree with them. Hack-Pack also 
bills itself as The ultimate utility 
pack for the 128," We won't go so fer 
as to agree with them on this point, 
but they are entitled to dieir opinion. 

Hack-Pack is actually a collection 
of three utiUties which will make life 
with the C-128 and BASIC 7.0 even 
better. We will look at each of these 
b turn. 

Toolkit 

In deference to the Hack-Pack 
manual we will start with the Toolkit. 
As its tide suggests, the Toolkit is a 
collection of commands which will 
make the editing of BASIC programs 
easier than before. To be specific, the 
Toolkit is a collection of eight com- 
mands which we list herewith: 

Hack-Pack's TboUdt Commands 



FIND 


CHANGE 


DUMP 


INFO 


MERGE 


TYPE 


SIZE 


QUIT 



If this selection seems a trifle 
sparse, be it known that it is deliber- 
ately so. Hack-Pack shuns the imple- 
mentation of "nonsense commands 
that no one ever uses such as BEEP 
and FLASH!" (page 2 of the manual). 
Be that as it may, BASIC program- 
mers will definitely find these com- 
mands useful. In particular the FIND 
and CHANGE commands are wel- 
come additions. 



The FIND command is one which 
no self-respecting programmer 
should have to do without. Yet for 
some reason, every version of Micro- 
soft BASIC we have come across 
lacks this essential feature (Commo- 
dore BASICS all owe their origin to 
Microsoft, and the C-128 lets you 
know this in no uncertain terms). 
Even AmigaBASIC foils to rectify 
this sorry state. In all feimess. Com- 
modore has in the past made some 
efforts to provide FIND for their loy- 
al users. The VIC 20's Pmgmmmer's 
Aid Cartridge and the C-64's Simons' 
BASIC both included FIND com- 
mands in their repertoire. 




FIND lets you specify and locate 
any text string in a BASIC program. 
It works on tokenized keywords as 
well as literals. With Toolkit you must 
flank the search-string with delimi- 
ters, A delimiter is simply any char- 
acter that is not part of the search 
string. The quotation mark may be 
used as a delimiter, but it has a spe- 
cial effect. It places the computer into 
quote mode, which of course turns 
off tokenization. Thus quotes are 
used to locate literal text strings which 
may also contain BASIC keywords. 

FIND'S output is simply a listing 
of all program lines which contain the 
search-string to the screen. So if you 
have a long program, keep your fin- 
ger in die vicinify of the C-128's NO 
SCROLL tey. Alternatively you m^ 
redirect the computer's output to the 
printer using the traditional OPEN4, 



4:CMI>4 command string. Toolkit 
does not add the ability to redirect 
output to the printer in spite of the 
acknowledged usefulness of such a 
feature. When using CMD be sure 
to conclude the output with a PRINT 
#4 command to unlisten the printer 
and clear the printer's buffer. Failure 
to do so will result in problems with 
disk access. 

The CHANGE command com- 
bines FIND with replace. All occur- 
rences of the search-string will be re- 
placed by the specified replacement- 
string. The range upon which FIND 
and CHANGE operate can be restric- 
ted by specifying a line-range, as with 
the C-128's LIST command. 

The DUMP command provides 
you with the names and values of all 
your program's variables and the 
names of all functions and arrays. 
Note that only the names and not the 
contents of arrays will be displayed. 
DUMP accepts two modifiers which 
restrict its output to either variables 
or arrays. DUMP'S output is format- 
ted for the 40 column display no mat- 
ter which displ^ is actually in use. 

The INFO command provides a 
detailed report of the memory usage 
by your BASIC program. This infor- 
mation includes the length of the pro- 
gram with separate figures for the 
memory used by variables, arrays, 
and strings. It also reports on the 
memory which is still available for 
program and variables. INFO is in ef- 
fect an enhanced version of BASIC'S 
FRE fimction. Unlike FRE, however, 
INFO cannot be invoked from within 
a program. 

The MERGE command combines 
a program in memory with another 
program from the disk. MERGE is 
actually an append, as it does not mix 
program lines. The line numbers of 
the program being brought in fi^ora 
the disk must aU be greater than the 
Ime numbers of the program already 
in memory. 

The TYPE command reads an 
ASCn file from the disk and displays 

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it on the terminal one screen at a time. 
After the first page you have the op- 
tion of proceeding line by line or 
screen hy screen. 

The SIZE command returns the 
length of a file in bytes. Of course 
you can always estimate a file's size 
in kilobytes hy dividing its length in 
blocks by four. This does not take into 
account the first two bytes of each 
block which act as a link to the next 
disk block. An additional error may 
be introduced by the last block of a 
file which may not be completely 
filled. The SIZE command elimi- 
nates all these uncertainties. FIND 
operates by simply reading the selec- 
ted file and counting every byte till 
an end of file marker is encountered. 

The QUIT command is simple 
enough. It disables Toolkit and re- 
turns its V-h kilobytes to BASIC. 

RAM-Ditk 

The RAM-Disk utility emulates a 
floppy disk in a portion of the C- 
128's built-in RAM. The advantage 
is of course increased speed. We 
found that the RAM-Disk was about 
30% fester than a 1571 for loading 
programs. The real speed improve- 
ment was in saving programs. For 
this function we measured a six to 
one improvement. Of course the 
greatest benefit would be for users of 

6b AHOY! 



the I54I in C-128 mode. 

To be properly effective, the RAM- 
Disk should emulate the disk drive 
as much as possible. Most Commo- 
dore EKDS commands are supported. 
The most notable exception was the 
lack of relative files. We were also 
unable to read the RAM-Disk direc- 
tory with the LOAD "$",9 command. 
Note that RAM-Disk defeults to de- 
vice nine. The RAM -Disk directory 
could be displayed with BASIC 7.0's 
CATALOG command. The resulting 
directory listing looked just like that 
from a real disk drive. The only dif- 
ference was that the drive number 
was always an "R" and the disk ID 



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In addition to the standard DOS 
commands, RAM disk has a set of 
commands of its own. These control 
the size of the RAM-Disk and its lo- 
cation in the C-128's memory. The 
RAM-Disk memory need not be con- 
tiguous. It is possible to allocate 
blocks scattered throughout RAM to 
the RAM-Disk. Note that RAM-Disk 
is fixed in size unless specifically in- 
structed to change. It will not auto- 
matically expand or shrink in re- 
sponse to the programs it contains. 

The defeult RAM-Disk device 
number may be changed to suit your 
requirements. This lets you use 
RAM-Disk with more than one ex- 



ternal drive or even as device num- 
ber eight. Good disk drive program- 
ming practice requires that the disk 
drive error channel be checked after 
all disk operations. This is especial- 
ly true with RAM-Disk, which does 
not have a blinking error light. An 
optional debug mode may be turned 
on to stop a BASIC program when 
a RAM-Disk error occurs. 

Computer RAM is volatile storage. 
That is, all data is lost when the com- 
puter is turned off. Conversely there 
is no data in RAM when the com- 
puter is turned on. For RAM-Disk 
to be of any use there must be some 
way to insert and extract data. The 
simplest way is to load the data into 
normal RAM and then save it to 
RAM-Disk. Simply reverse the pro- 
cess to transfer data back to disk. 
This is fine for program files but dis- 
tinctly awkward for sequential files. 
As such RAM-Disk is provided with 
its own COPY command for trans- 
ferring files ftom floppy disk to 
RAM-Disk and back. Unfortunately, 
try as we might, we could not get this 
command to work with our system. 
All our attempts generated a file not 
found error on our 1571 disk drive. 

Note that in addition to the space 
required by the RAM-Disk itself, the 
RAM-Disk program uses up an addi- 
tional eight kilobytes. 



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Raadar S«rvle* No. 142 



Comprtuor 

Last, and conceivably least, you 
will find the Compressor utility on 
the distribution disk. The Compres- 
sor exerts its influence upon a BASIC 
7.0 program. When it has done its 
duty, the hapless program will be to- 
tally bereft of all REMs and super- 
fluous spaces. In addition, the total 
number of program lines will be re- 
duced to the extent that logic permits. 
This is achieved by concatenating 
program lines and eliminating the su- 
perfluous line numbers. The result- 
ing program lines will contain up to 
256 tokens and other characters. The 
whole thing reminded us of our days 
with a 3 'A kilobyte VIC 20. The os- 
tensible purpose of this exercise is to 
conserve space. 

Of course the resulting program 
lines will be impossible to edit. The 
resulting program will also be impos- 
sible to comprehend. BASIC pro- 
grammers tend towand spaghetti code 
even without this sort of encourage- 
ment. If you do go in for Compres- 
sor, be sure to retain your copy of the 
original program. Furthermore, in 
view of the C-128's large program- 
ming space, we wonder who would 
really find a use for this sort of thing. 
We suppose that anyone who keeps 
a VIC 20 alongside their C-128 would 
find this utility a real boon. 

Compressor is simple enough to 
use. Simply copy the intended vic- 
tim to a disk with some blank space 
and turn Compressor loose on it. 
When done you wiU find the original 
intact along with the compressed ver- 
sion. We succeeded in turning a 72 
line program into a mere 11 lines in 
a matter of moments. Compressor is 
a two-pass process. As it ftinctions, 
the program's original line numbers 
are displayed. This lets you monitor 
the program's progress. When done, 
Compressor displays the vital before 
and after statistics, which lets you see 
how well it did. 

Compressor will function with the 
external disk drive or with the RAM- 
Disk. The latter is recommended for 
two reasons. First, compressing in 
RAM-Disk is much fester than on 
floppy disk. Second, it seems that 
Compressor does not work with all 



versions of the 1541 and 1571 disk 
drives. 

Coflclutioat 

Hack-Pack is definitely a useful 
collection of C-128 utilities. We ex- 
pect that you will find some of them 
more useful than others. The Toolkit 
was certainly a handy thing to have 
around. The RAM-Disk demonstra- 
ted considerable potential. Unfortun- 
ately, the RAM-Disk was more po- 
tential than performance. The Com- 
pressor utility did its job well enough, 
but we wonder if C-128 BASIC pro- 
grammers really need such a thing. 

Hack-Pack utilizes the color blind- 
ness copy protection method: the disk 
itself is not copy protected, but to 
gain access to the Hack-Pack utilities 
you will have to correctly identify 
three color swatches out of a 26 hy 
40 four color grid. This procedure is 
implemented every time you boot up. 
Keep a straight edge handy, as the 
grid is rather small, the dots are not 
terribly laige, and it is difficult to line 
up the dots near the center of the ar- 
ray. This program comes with our of- 
ficial bifocal wearer alert. 

Distributed by Metacomco, E. 
5353 Scotts Valley Drive, Scotts Val- 
ley, CA 95066 (phone: in CA 800- 
GET-META; rest of US 800-AKA- 
META). —Morton Kevelson 

POCKET WRITER 2 

Digital Solutions, Inc. 
Commodore 64/128 
Disk; $59.95 

Digital Solutions' original word 
processor for the Commodore 64 was 
called Paperback Writer, but another 
software company already had a 
claim to the title. The program was 
consequently renamed Pocket Writer. 
Their new product Pocket Miter 2 
contains versions of the word proces- 
sor for both the Commodore 64 and 
128. Two C-64 vereions are on the 
disk, one 40- and one 80-column. 
The 80-column version sacrifices a 
few features to give the 80-column 
screen. The C-128 version will only 
run in 80-column mode, so you'll 
need the appropriate monitor. 

The users manual contains instruc- 
tions for both versions, with the 128- 



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Rndv S«rvlca No. 143 



specific information highlighted in 
boxes with blue background coloring. 
The documentation is minimal. Ac- 
cording to Digital Solutions, this is 
because of the extensive online help 
functions and the program's ease of 
use. I could see areas where haidcopy 
help wouTd have been nice. Also, th^ 
should have turned their spelling 
checker on die manual after writing 
it, as it contains a number of errors 
that it might have caught. 

Pocket Writer 2 has all the com- 
monly expected word processing 
fiinctions: insert mode, headers, fixrt- 
ers, variable margins and line spac- 
ing, justification, right alignment, 
forced page breaks, and alternate 
pitch. 

Cursor movement is logical. Arrow 
keys are used to move by character. 
Arrows in combination with the con- 
trol key move longer distances. In the 
C-64 version, this sometimes means 
pressing three keys simultaneously, 
which can be troublesome to some 
typists. 

Deleting is done by character, 
word, sentence, or paragraph. When 
you hit the key combination for de- 
lete you get a prompt asking which 
kind of delete. \bu then have to press 
the appropriate key to delete a char- 
acter, word, sentence, or paragraph. 
If word or sentence is chosen, the re- 
moved text can be restored in the 
same place or moved to a new loca- 
tion. This is a quick way to copy or 
move a word or a sentence. I found 
this a bit clumsy to use because of 
the follow-up question. Maybe Tm 
too stuck on issuing a more specific 
command and getting immediate exe- 
cution. You may find their way easier. 

The range functions (delete, copy, 
clear, and move) were useless. When 
I tried them the computer locked up 
as I marked the beginning of the 
range. I could do nothing but turn the 
computer off. 

The printer list is substantial and 
covers most of the popular printers 
used with the Commodores. Only a 
couple of interfeces are mentioned in 
the manual. The program supports 
underline, boldface, italic, and sub- 
and superscripts if the printer sup- 
ports these features. Alternate pitch. 



foreign characters and correspond- 
ence, or letter quality can be accessed 
with a litde work on the part of the 
user. 

The mail merge function is the 
equal of most that Tve seen. Disk 
commands parallel those of other 
commercial programs. Pocket Writer 
2 does offer both ASCII and PET- 
ASCII and program or sequential file 
disk saves and loads. This makes it 
easier to transfer fdes to and from 
other word processors or via modem. 

Another of the more unusual fea- 
tures is the ability to read in GEOS 
files. Documents held as text scraps 
in GEOS can be entered by pressing 
two keys. The C-128 version includes 
some enhancements that take advan- 
tage of the C-128's larger memory ca- 
pacity. It works with either the 1350 
or B51 mouse and the two RAM ex- 
pansion modules. I couldn't test the 
RAM access, as I don't have an ex- 
pansion module on hand. \bu could 
use a joystick in place of the mouse 
in the 128 version. 

A pull-down menu at the top of the 
screen offers six sub-menus: files, 
format, edit, fmd, print, and spell. 
The files menu controls disk access 
chores. Spell, find, and print are self- 
explanatory. Edit handles copy, move, 
delete, and clear commands. Format 
contains most of the commands that 
are left. 

The C-128 version can also address 
two documents at the same time, so 
you can compare files and move sec- 
tions of text between documents more 
easily. You can also assign a second 
disk drive as the data drive and not 
have to enter device numbers each 
time you access the drive. 

Pocket Witer also comes with a 
spelling checker, but no dictionary 
for it. \bu can create your own or buy 
the $14,95 dictionary from Digital So- 
lutions. The spelling checker is built 
into the C-128 version, but is a separ- 
ate program for the C-64. Each un- 
recognized word is Hashed at you and 
you can either add the word to the 
dictionary, change the spelling, or 
skip the word. Changing the spelling 
rKjuires typing in the new spelling for 
the word. It's not too bad as Com- 
modore spelling checkers go. 



68 AHOY! 



I was dis^pobted (as I alw^ am) 
to find that Pocket Writer 2 is copy 
protected. The company does offer 
a backup disk for an additional $13, 
though. 

For those C-64 users who plan to 
upgrade to the C-128, this might be 
the best deal around. It costs noth- 
ing to acquire the C-128 version. At 
$59.95, I think it is appropriately 
priced, though I would be happier if 
that price included the spelling 
checker dictionary. If bought as a 
module in the $99.95 three-in-one 
pack (including Pocket Planner 2 
spreadsheet and Pocket Filer 2 data- 
base) it's a real deal. Of course, the 
integration with a database and 
spreadsheet is only a fiactor if you 
have the other two programs. 

Digital Solutions, Inc., 2-30 Wer- 
theim Court, Unit 2, Richmond Hill, 
Ontario, Canada L4B 1B9 (phone: 
416-731-8775). -Cheryl Peterson 

EUPHONY 

PFecision Psriphenili ft Software 

Commodore 64 

Disk; $39.95 

Music programs for the C-64 are 
hardly a novelty. The 64's vaunted 
SID chip allows the computer to pro- 
duce a wide range of audio effects of 
a much higher quality than other 8- 
bit systems, making it especially pop- 
ular among binary Beethovens. 

Ei4pftony, however, is more serious 
minded than most such music pro- 
grams. Unlike software such as The 
Music Construction Set (Electronic 
Arts), in which the user composes 
short pieces by clicking on and drag- 
ging a preselected note, rest, key sig- 
nature, etc. to the appropriate posi- 
tion on die staff, music writing on the 
Euphony program is done exclusive- 
ly in programming terms, by entering 
data into text files. This method, as 
the extensive documentation points 
out, has both advantages and draw- 
backs. On the plus side, files are 
much more concise and the program 
can handle extended compositions. 
(Program creator Jim Raymond says 
Euphony can store 50 minutes or 
more of music in a single gulp, a con- 
siderable improvement over the two 
and three minute range of other mu- 



sic writing programs.) Entry in 
BASIC also permits more extensive 
manipulation of sequence repeats, 
tempo modulation, and other features 
not readily accessible with tradition- 
al music composition software. 

The downside is feirly obvious: 
Euphony may well hold more appeal 
for musically inclined programmers 
than for computer-owning musicians. 
Although the BASIC programming 
techniques are pretty elementary, 
many note-slingers will be put off by 
such a seemingly nonmusical method 
of composition. 

Euphony is not especially big on 
the visual gingerbread which makes 
most mainstream music programs so 
attractive, either. The main menu 
screen consists of eight commands 
(Play, Load, Repeat/Play All, Change 
Speed, Change Voices, Directory, 
Change Key, and Return to Basic) 
and the entry line. The musical 
scrolling staff and a color-coded 
(each of the three available voices is 
assigned its own hue, for easy track- 
ing and playback), 5 '/i -octave key- 



REVIEWS 



board. 

Euphony does have lots of impres- 
sive features, however, which belie 
its humble, homemade appearance. 
There are 16 durations and rests, in- 
cluding four triplets, 32nds, dotted 
16ths, dotted whole notes, and ties. 
Up to 32 variables can be used to de- 
fine any segment of music, and vari- 
ables can be nested to a depth of sev- 
en levels. This system specializes in 
providing the user with complete ac- 
cess to all parts of the composition. 
Its attention to detail is such that each 
note can be selected as either legato 
or staccato, and changes can be im- 
plemented at any point, as ofEen as 
the user likes. 

The program also offers the stan- 
dard C-64 music features; three voic- 
es, nine instruments (with synthesiz- 
er for constructing mote), instant 
transposition, and continuous control 
over time, key, and tempo, as well as 
volume, for fashioning crescendos, 
decrescendos, and sforzandos. An- 
other nice feature is the fact that Eu- 
phony doesn't make the user wait for 



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SOFTWARE 

GEOS 39 

PRINTSHOP 27, 

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MACH5 22. 

MACH128 27, 

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WORD PRO WnuRBO 22 
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AHOYi 69 



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long loads, since everything is en- 
tered into the C-64 in RAM at the 
same time. 

For those users not interested in 
composing original music, Euphony 
offers an extensive library of prere- 
corded classics and popular favorites 
(though Euphony is definitely orien- 
ted toward classical music). Selec- 
tions include Prokofiev's "Peter and 
the Wolf," Debussy's "Golliwog's 
Cake Walk," Mozart's 11th, 16th, and 
19th Sonatas, Bach's "Brandenburg 
Concerto #3," and Tarrega's "Recuer- 
dos de la Alhambra," with "Rock of 
Ages," "Amazing Grace," and a hand- 
ful of Christmas carols for non-long- 
hairs. These pieces can be simply 
played back, or used as the basis for 
experimentation. By altering the 
speed, instruments, and key, femiliar 
orchestrations can be modified and 
even refashioned (try mixing Bach 
and rock by altering the playback 
speed on the "Brandenburg Concer- 
to"; or replay Ludwig Von's melodic 
"Waldstein" at dirge tempo for an ex- 
perience in audio surrealism). 




A pcwsriul word procassing systam (or Iha CommoiJora 128 

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As selections play back, the appro- 
priate notes are highlighted both on 
the staff and on the color-coded key- 
board, giving Euphony an education- 
al dimension; there is something en- 
lightening about "seeing" a musical 
score play out, note by note. The way 
in which the individual sounds inter- 
weave and overlap to create a new 
texture is not only instructional, it is 
quite fascinating. 

Euphony is a real working class 
program; it isn't pretty, but it does a 
lot more work than most of the gla- 
mour software working the same side 
of the street. What you see is what 
you get with Euphony. Its greatest 
strength (all music is entered in 
BASIC, allowing greater flexibility 
and duration) is also its greatest 
weakness (all music is entered in 
BASIC, which is, quite frankly, a 
drag, unless the user intends to spend 
considerable time learning the pro- 
gramming system or is already femil- 
iar with the language). 

Euphony also supports most major 
printers (Epson FX, MX, Star Mi- 
cronics Gemini 10, 15, and "possibly 
others," according to the docs) to pro- 
duce hard copy of your musical no- 
tation. It is also possible to compose 
a piece of music and give it to friends 
for playback. The system whereby 
this is possible essentially removes 
copy protection from this program; 
Precision Peripherals & Software take 
a tremendous leap of faith and request 
that users only copy music they them- 
selves have written. 

As to the quality of the sound it- 
self, it is not going to blow the doors 
off veteran C-64 music mavens. Most 
of the compositions are difficult ones, 
however, designed to show off Eu- 
phony's powerfiil music writing capa- 
bilities, and in this sense they are 
quite impressive. It is not unlikely, 
however, that talented users will be 
able to produce work of equal or su- 
perior quality after a few weeks on 
this system. 

Manufactured by TCO Software, 
P.O. Box 815(M, Fairbanks, AK 99708 
(phone: 9(17-479-4898). 

Distributed by Precision Peripher- 
als & Software, P.O. Box 20395, Port- 
land, OR 97220 (phone: 503-254- 
7855). -BiU Kunkel 




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WT^^o» MARSAUS 
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m 


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COUNTRY HITS 

1 Randy Travis, Slormsol Lile 

2 Steve Earle, Guilar Town 

3 Hank Wilhams, Jr. , Uonlana Cale 

4 Dwighl Voakam, Guitars. 
Cadpllacs, Elc . Etc 

5 George Strait, •? 

BLACK HITS 

1 Cameo. Word Up 

2 Anita Baker, Rapture 

3 Run-D.M.C. Raising Hell 

4 Oran "Juice" JOOM. Ju^ce 

5 Lionet Richie, Oancmg On 
The Ceiling 

M.U HITS 

1 Andrvas VfollenweitJer. Oown To 
The Woon 

2 Spyro Gyra, Breakout 

3 Places or A Dream, Joyrjde 

4 Bob James^DavId Sanborn. 
Ocuble Vision 

5 Yellow Jackets, Shades 

CLASSICAL HITS 
t Vladimir HorowiU, HorcNvit^ 
The Sludio Recordings 

2 Vladiniif Horowitz, Horo*ilz 
Tf^s Last Rcmanlic 

3 Kattileen Battle, Kathleen Batliti 
SiHQs Mozart 

4 Branlorrj Mar^alis. Romances 
For Saxophone 

5 Luciar>o Pavarotti. Anniversary 

CHRISTIAN/GOSPEL HITS 

1 Rev. H. Brtinson/Thoitipaon 
Community Ctioif, There fs Hope 

2 Ttie Williams Brothers. 
Hand And Hand 

3 Douglas Miller. Unspeakaolo Joy 

4 Shirley Caesar. Celebration 

5 Sandra Crouch, We're Wailmcj 



I Just try finding am record club or store anywhere - that will give you all the current hits for the astonishingly 
^ low price of only 3bc eachi Just a mere *9 for a booklet that's redeemable for 30 hits ... a $269.40 value! ^/0 



I 



II [ 



IPSAMOYl 



Compiled by Michael R. Davila 




' Wrt niM to kMp Tips AWyf Hw ( 
lty% MiHb*r oiM Hrmm for alMrt, holpfvl prograM- 
MlBfl ro«»l>«« and Inirdwar* Uirts. lb HMt Mid, wa !■• 
vH* yew t« forward ymr h—t •ffertt tot 

Tfpi AfcoyI 
cA» AfcoyI » Un M«l— 

49 WfMt MA Stroot-Soito ««f 
Now VBrk, NY 10041 

■• Modo opoo OMoptaoco. 

CENTiRINO 40 COLUMNS 
IN B9 COLUMN MOOE 

Commodore 128 owners know that their 64 programs 
written in BASIC 2.0 will run without a hitch in the 128's 
40-column moide. In 80 column mode, however, the dis- 
play is unbalanced, with all characters printed to the left 
half of the screen. The WINDOW command of BASIC 
7.0 could correct this easily, but would make the pro- 
gram unusable on a Commodore 64. 

The following line is invisible to the 64 and 40-col- 
umn 128. When using 80 columns, it will give you a per- 
fectly centered display. —Ed Horgan 

Coatesvilie, PA 

10 IF PEEK(231)=79 THEN POKE 230,21 : PC 
KE 231,60 

C-128 BUe FIX 

We will know about the ominous CAPS-LOCK 'q' bug 
in the C-128. Or do we? In any case, it definitely man- 
aged to slip by Commodore. Try it. First switch to low- 
er/upper case mode (so as to better see the problem) by 
holding down the SHIFT key while depressing the Com- 
modore logo key. Next depress the CAPS-LOCK key and 
hit the 'Q' key. If you see a lowercase 'q' instead of an 
uppercase 'Q' then your C-128 suffers from the CAPS- 
LOCK 'q' syndrome. 

If you find that you can't live without the real CAPS- 
LOCK 'Q' and definitely want your 128 cured of this af- 
fliction, the following short routine m^ save the day for 
you. Type it in and save it before you run it, as it erases 
itself after beii^ run. It also steals 89 bytes of RAM mem- 
ory starting at memory location $B00 (HEX). Once run, 
the CAPS-LOCK 'q' correction will survive about any- 
thing except a cold reset (via the side reset button) and, 
of course, turning off the computer. -Jim Partin 

Cincinnati, OH 

•10 REM FIX FOR CAPS-LXK + 'Q' BUG ON CI 

28 

•20 REM BY JIM PARTIN (8/19/86) 

•30 REM COPY CAPS-LOCK DBF. TABLE INTO RA 

M 

•40 FAST 

72 AHOY! 



• 50 F0RT=lT089:P0KEDEC("13r/j")+T,PEEK(DEC 

("FBE4")+T):NEXTr 
• 60 POKE840 , DEC( "00" ) : P0KE841 , DEC( "13" ) : R 

EM CHANGE TABLE POINTERS 
•70 P0KEDEC("13r/j")+62,209:REM FIX! 
•80 SLOW: END 



Do you have BASIC programs that you would like to 
protect from prying eyes? Do you own a C-128? Are you 
reading this line? If you answer yes to all of the above 
questions, do I have a utility for you. Password! Pass- 
word will protect your programs by taking a code that 
you select of up to 160 characters and scrambling the pro- 
gram so the only way to use it is to unscramble it using 
the same code. Now, in order for someone to use your 
program, they must know the password! 

There are many ways to utilize this program, but the 
procedure I prefer is outlined below. 

First, run PASSWORD.CRE so it can create an ML 
file on disk using the name "PASSWORD, ML". Next, 
BLOADTASSWORD.ML" and then load the program 
to be protected. Enter SYS 5555,0 and type a password 
(code) of up to 160 characters for the program. This pass- 
word is used to scramble the program. Be patient: it may 
take a couple of seconds. When the cursor reappears, 
LIST the program. As you can see, only the first line 
is visible. Don't let this fool you— the program has been 
scrambled. Now save your protected program. Any time 
you load the protected program from disk you must un- 
protect it. To unprotect the program BLOAD^PASS- 
WORD.ML", SYS 5555,1, and provide the same password 
you used to scramble the program. Again, in a matter 
of seconds your program is unprotected. What I do, since 
the first line is not scrambled, is save a copy of PASS- 
WORD. ML on every disk that I have protected programs 
on, and before scrambling each program I make the fol- 
lowing line the first line of each program: 

BL0AD"PASSW0RD.ML":SYS 5555,1 

Now, a sample RUN"filename'' loads the protected pro- 
gram and the program to unprotect it. The BASIC pro- 
gram will continue to run af^r it has been unprotected. 
A Syntax Error will likely be displayed with this pro- 
gram when called from direct mode. Nevertheless, you 
can be sure that the program has done its job. 

— Shawn K. Smith 
Bronx, NY 

•100 REM* PASSWORD.CRE FOR BASIC PROGS. 

•110 REM* (A) SHAWN K. SMITH PRODUCTION 

•120 DATA 48,A2,00,8E,00,FF,20,7D,FF,50 

•130 DATA 41, 53, 53, 57, 4F, 52, 44, 3F, 20, 00 






Use the coupon below to 
of Ahoy!, and catch up on 
cles you've missed in die 
and 4 are sold out, and 2 
and 3 are down to a 
handful. . .so order before 
the magazines you want 
disappear from stock. 



complete your collection 
all the programs and arti- 
past three years! Issues 1 



ISSUE #l8-JUlSfE "85 $4M 

Music & graphics entry systems! How 
modems work! Inside the 6510! And 
ready to enter: Quad-print! Mapping 
4.4! Towers of Hanoi! Speedy! Duck 
Shoot! The 6510 Simulator! 



ISSUE m-JVLY "85 $4iK) 

PROM programming! 3-part harmon- 
ies on VIC/64! Speeding pixels! And 
ready to- enter: Auto-Append! Script 
Analysis! Wizard of Im! Lucky Lot- 
tery! Brainframe! Etch! Printat! 



ISSUE «-FEB. "84 $1000 

Ulustrated tour of the 1541! Artificial 
intelligence! Synapse's Ihor Woloscn- 
ko interviewed! And ready to enter: 
Music Maker E^rt II! Scrt^n Manip- 
ulation! Night Attack! Relative Files! 



ISSUE #10 -OCT. "M KOO 

C-64 graphics programs! Bit-mapped 
graphics! Joystick programming! And 
ready to enter: VIC 40 Column Op- 
erating System! BAM Read 4 Prim! 
■Emerald Elephant! Lawn Job! 



ISSUE m-NOV. "84 $4j0O 

Music programs & keyboards for the 
64! Graphics feature cominties! And 
ready to enter: FTE word processor! 
Block Eiditor! Alternate Character Set 
for the 64! The Tbnnel of Tomachon! 



ISSUE #20-AUG. '85 $4jOO 

Inside the 128! Read-world simula- 
tions! Sound effects! And ready to en- 
ter: Windows! Pormatler! Sound-a- 
Rama! Screen Dump! Selcetachrome! 
Disintegrator! Fidgits! Gators N Snakes! 



ISSUE #21- SEP. "85 $4j00 

Inside the 1571 drive and 128 keyboart! 
Sprite programming! And ready to en- 
ter: Fastnew! Go-Lister! File Lock! 
Dragon Type! Superhero! Auto-Gen! 
Moxey's Pbrch! Fish Math! 



ISSUE #22 -OCT. "85 $4jOO 

Cn^ate carvon characteis! Infinitesimal in- 
trigue! Inside copy protection! And ready 
to enter: Shotgun! Maestro! Solitaire! 
Mystery at Mycioft Mews! Gravinauls! 
1541 Cleaning Utility! ShadeyDuinp! 



ISSUE #29-MAy "86 $4jOO 

OS graphic bit map! Epi/n strategy guide! 
128 commands! ML music programming! 
And leady to enter: Bigprint! Star Seaidi! 
f^safe! English Darts! Ski Folly! Free 
RAM Check! Alchemist's Apprentice! 



ISSUE #30- JUNE '86$4j00 

Debugging dihanmas! Pubtk; domain sofl- 
i*are! Winning at Uhima! Computer Akled 
Design! And leady to enter: LazyBWIC! 
Got A Match? Star Strike! Queen's and 
Bishop's 1burs! Shaker! Tiackdown! 



ISSUE #31- JULY "86 $4jOO 

Inside the Amip! Conditional branch- 
ing! Chess programs! 128 and 64 DOS! 
And ready to enter: Scieien Sleuth! Es- 
cape from Skull Castle! Head-On! 
Nebetsall Run! Waidcoum! Crazy Joe! 



ISSUE #32 -AUG "86 W/M) 

Inside the Amiga, part II! Approaching 
infinity! C-64 war simulations! Pascal 
for beginners! And ready to enter: Re- 
versi! Highlight! Disk Calaloger! Me- 
teor Run! Trim! Step On It! Flap! 



ISSUE #33 -SEP. -86 UM 

Windfws and viewports! Sound & mu- 
sic on the 64! COMAL! And ready to 
enter: The Last Ninja! Speech64! Mul- 
ti RAM! Dogcatchcr! Trapped! Match- 
blocks! Vbiabic Manager! Dual Dump! 



ISSUE #3 -MAR. >84 $10.00 

Anatomy of the 64! Printer interfac- 
ing for VIC & 64! Educational soft- 
ware series begins! And ready to en- 
ter: Address Book! Space Lanes! Ran- 
dom Files on the 64! Dynamic Power! 



ISSUE #12 -DEC '84 $4J)0 

Buyer's guide to printers! 1525 printer 
tutorial! Custom characters! User 
Guide to KMMM Pascal! Diving into 
BASIC! And ready to enter: Construc- 
tion Co.! Space Patrol! Cross Ref! 



ISSUE #23-NOV. "SS $4J)0 

Adventure gaming! ML sprite manipula- 
tion! BASIC far beginners! And ready to 
enter: Lightning Loader! Knight's Tour! 
Chopper Right! Rhythmic Bits! Instant 
Bug Repellent! File Scout! Slither! 



ISSUE #34 -OCT. -86 $4M 

Build a digital oscilloscope! ML speed 
techniques! And ready to enter: Vault of 
Terror! Quick Change! Penguins! Attack 
Feme! Disk Checkup! Dvorak Keyboard! 
Mountaineer Mack! 128 Autoboot! 



ISSUE #5- MAY '84 $4j00 

Future of Commodore! Inside BASIC 
storage! Memory management on the 
VIC & 64! Guide to spieadsheets! And 
ready to enter: Math Master! Air As- 
sault! Biorhythms! VIC Calculator! 



ISSUE #0-JAN. "SS S4m 

VIC/64 OS exposed! Sprites! 1541 de- 
vice # disconnect switch! Ghostbuslcrs! 
And ready to enter: Ultra Mail! Music 
Tutor! Alice in Adventureland! Mid- 
print! To the Top! Tape/Disk Transfer! 



ISSUE #24 -DEC "SS $4J)0 

Speech synthesizers! The IBM Connec- 
tion! The year's 25 best entertainments! 
And ready to enter: Gypsy Starship! Di- 
rectory Maniptilator! Qoik! Gamcloader! 
Jewel Quest! Lineout! Santa's Busy I>Ry! 



ISSUE #35-NOV. -86 $4J)0 

C-128 shadow registers! Data file hand- 
ling! PROMAL! Habitat! And ready 
to enter: Telepotter! 128 RAM Check! 
Discs of Ekaedalus! Guardian! Tenpins! 
Syntax Ritiol! Deluxe List! Lottg Uses! 



ISSUE #6-JUNE "84 UM 

Game programming column begins! 
Program generators! Rupert on input- 
ting! Memory management continues! 
Aijd ready to enter: Post Time for the 
64 & VIC! Alpiner! Sound Concept! 



ISSUE #14 -FEB. "85 $4j00 

Printer interfacing! Multicolor sprites! 
Modems! Bulletin boards! Theory of 
game design! And ready to enter: Fu- 
turewar! Fontasia! VIC Eraser! Insur- 
ance Agent! Flankspeed! Telelink 64! 



ISSUE #25-JAN. '86 UM 
Build a speech synthesizer! Survey of 
sports games! /Vnd ready to enter; The 
Martian Mwistcrs! Streamer Bwtt! Mktd- 
sim! The Haunted Castle! Knockout! In- 
fraraid! Alarm Clock! Memory Check! 



ISSUE #3«-DEC '86 UJOO 

File manipulation! C-I28 shadow regis- 
ters! Football games! And ready to en- 
ter: The Artist! Minotaur Maze! Mouse 
in the House! Lazy Source Code! Retiels 
and Lords! Speedway! The Editor! 



ISSUE #7- JULY "84 $4i)0 

MSD dual disk drive! Database buyer's 
guide! Training your cursor! Screen 
displays! File Sleuth! Users Groups! 
And ready to enter: Renumbering! 
Checklist! Math Defender! Brisk! 



ISSUE #15 -MAR. "85 $4XK) 

Making multiscreen garoeboards! In- 
side the Plus/4! Commodore DOS! 
And ready to enter: Old Routine! Pro- 
grammable FuiKtions! Automatic Line 
Nos.! Home Budget! Salmon Run! 



ISSUE #26- FEB. '86 $4j00 

Wuidows! Build an auto-exec cartridge! 
Align your 1541! Survey of flight simula- 
tors! Strucmred prtjgramming! And ready 
to enter: Arena! Head Id Head! Crabfight! 
T[«isure Wheel! Character Dump! 



ISSUE #37- JAN. "87 $4i)0 

Basic magic! Best games of '86! IX)S 
for beginners! And ready to enter: Ver- 
tex! Hanger M! BASIC Ahoy! Cata- 
combs! Lixtcr! Dark Fortress! ftrma- 
Line! Starfighter! Bugout! Screens! 



ISSUE #8-AUG. "84 $4i» 

Choosing a word processor! Compu- 
tational wi2ardry! Creating your own 
word games! Sound on the 64! And 
ready to enter: Micro-Minder! Direc- 
tory Assistance! The Terrible Twins! 



ISSUE #16-APR. "85 UM 

Assembly language column begins! 
Programming the Joystick! 1541 disk 
drive alternatives! And ready to enter: 
Hop Around! Faster 64! Booter! Ele- 
check! BASIC Trace! Space Hunt! 



ISSUE #27- MAR. '86$4jOO 
Progiamming educational gunes! Memory 
duri^rs! Choosing a copy program! Cus- 
tom characters! Aixl ready to enter; Ahoy! 
Terni 128! Trivia Game Maker! Brickbus- 
ters! Easy Lister! Programmer's Aid! 



ISSUE #38-FEB. "87 $4M 

Hacking into machine language utihties! 
Amiga RAM expanders! Aiid ready to 
enter; Window Magk\ Cninchman! User 
Conventions! The Adventuier! More 
BASIC 128! Jailbieak! 'Hirtle Rescue! 



ISSUE #9- SEPT. '84 $4jOO 

Program your own text adventure! 
Build a C-64 cassette interface! Vid- 
eo RAM! And ready to enter: Salvage 
Diver! DOS! Sound Explorer! The 
Castie of Darkness! Base Conversions! 



ISSUE #17- MAY "85 $4J)0 

Disk drive enhancements! Install a re- 
set switch! /Assembler escapades! And 
ready to enter: Super Duper! TWo-Col- 
umn Directory! DSKDU! Raid! DOS 
Plus! Pont Editor! Tile Time! 



ISSUE #28-APR. '86 %4M 

Comet catching! Survey of action and 
strategy games! Screen dumping! And 
ready lo enter ChronoWfcdge! Mr Mysto! 
Air Rescue! Notemakeif Screen Window! 
JCALC! Hidden Cawem! Swoop! 



ISSUE #39-MAR. "87 $4jOO 

Basic esthetics! Survey of video digitiz- 
ers! Multiplayer games! And ready to en- 
ter: C-64 Compressor! Wizard Tag! Tur- 
bopoke! Rescue 128! Lights Out! Pinball 
Arcade! Stow Away! Caverns of Geehonk' 



lite cou|KiR or fsctimila. tf or- 
dtring more titan three ItsuM, 
lilt cliolcet on separata sheet. 

It you have a modem and wrant 
more complete informatfon on 
tity of the back Issues listed, 
tall JUujfFt Bulletin Boant Ser- 
(ice Bt 718-383-S909. 



BACK ISSUES 

ION 
INTERNATIONAL INC. 
45 West 34th Street 

Suite 407 
New York, NY 10001 



Please Send Me The Following: 



. Copies of issue number _ 
. Copies of Issue number _ 
. Copies of Issue number _ 



NAME. 



Enclosed Please Rnd My Check or 

Money Order for $ 

(Outside the USA please 
add $1.00 for every copy) 



ADDRESS, 
CITY 



.STATE. 



ZIP CODE. 



-140 DATA 20,93,4F,AD,00,02,F0,31,A0/j0 
•150 DATA B1,2D,85,C2,85,C4,C8,B1,2D,85 
•160 DATA C3,85,C5,A9/jO,AA,A8,C8,B9,FF 
•170 DATA 01,F0,F6,41,C2,81,C2,E6,C2,DfJ 
•180 DATA 02,E6,C3,A5,C2,CD,lO,12,D0,E9 
•190 DATA A5,C3,CD,ll,12,Drj,E2,A0,00,68 
•200 DATA 91,C4,C8,91,C4,4C,4F,4F,EA 
•210 S=5555:FORD=STOS+88:READY$:V=DEC(Y$) 
•220 T=T+ V : POKED, V: NEXT :T=T-1 1567 
• 230 PRINT: PRINT : PRINT : P0KE243 , 9 
•240 IFTTHENPRINT"? ERROR -CHECK DATA": END 
-250 INPUT"PRESS RETURN TO SAVE FILE";Y$ 
•260 BSAVE"PASSWORD.ML",BO,P (S)TOP (D) 
■270 PRINTDS$:END: SAVE IT, NOW! 

THI MlSSina DPS COMMAND 

The DOS commands on the C-128 are a very welcome 
addition to Commodore BASIC. One very helpful com- 
mand was overlooked: a command that would let you 
view a sequential file. If you are looking at BBS docu- 
ment files or are writing a program, this command will 
be very useftil. 

READ#lfn,"£ilenanie"[,U device #] 

You can use the NO-SCROLL key to pause the listing, 
any key to restart, and the RETURN key to abort the 
listing. 

This command can be used in a program to display 
instructions or in immediate mode to look at help screens 
for programming. It will not erase any memory, so you 
don't lose your basic program. 

After running this program you have a file on disk 
called 'READ#.COM'. You can use BOOrREAD# 
.COM" or SYS 4864 to start it and SYS 4957 to stop 
it. The RUN STOP/RESTORE combo doesn't disable it. 
Add this command to your autoboot start-up routine and 
it will be there when you need it. —Don Harkness 

Andover, KS 

•100 REM C-128 READ#.BAS 

•110 REM BASIC LOADER FOR READ#.COM 

•120 FOR X=4864 TO 4968: READ A: POKE X,A:N 

EXT X 

•130 BSAVE"READ#.C0M",B0,P4864 TO P4969 
•140 NEW 
•200 DATA 169,11,141,0,3,169,19,141,1,3,9 

6,224,11,208,23,201,35,208 
•210 DATA 19,165,61,233,1,133,38,165,62,2 

33,0,133,39,32,192,3,201,135 
•220 DATA 240,3,76,63,77,32,29,161,165,18 

4,141,104,19,32,183,255,41,64 
•230 DATA 208,28,173,104,19,170,32,198,25 

5,32,228,255,176,16,32,210,255,32 
•240 DATA 204,255,32,228,255,201,13,240,3 

,76,49,19,173,104,19,32,195,255 
•250 DATA 76,144,175,169,63,141,0,3,169,7 

7,141,1,3,96,0 

74 AHOY! 



The Commodore 1571 has a bug in ROM. It's more 
annexing than destroying. If a disk is HEADERED in 
the double sided mode, and has less than 664 sectors 
allocated, then validated in the single sided mode (64 
mode)... guess what? You come out with a single sided 
disk. The validation process rewrites a byte on the disk 
when in single sided mode. If you have programs past 
sector 664 they will survive, since an illegal track and 
sector error will occur, stopping the validation procalure. 
Yet who wants to recopy 70 or so programs to a double 
sided disk? Not me. So here is a cure. What this pro- 
gram does is change the double-single sided status flag 
at track 18, sector 0, byte 3 on the disk. 

Warning! Use only on disks that have been HEADER- 
ED as double sided. If you nm this program by mistake 
on a single sided drive (1541) it will have no effect, since 
a single sided drive ignores this byte. Be extremely care- 
ful when typing in this program; one mistake can trash 
a disk! Try it on a test disk first... please. —Barn Olson 

Madison, WI 

•10 REM 1571 DOUBLESIDED SAVER - AFTER VA 
LIDATE IN 64 MODE 

•20 0PEN15,8,15:0PEN5,8,5,"#":PRINT#15,"U 
1";5;0;18;0:PRINT#15,"B-P";5;3 

•30 PRINT#5,CHR$(128);:REM SET TO FOR S 
INGE SIDED- 128 FOR DOUBLE SIDED *** 

•40 PRINT#15,"U2";5;0;18;0:PRINT#15,"I0:" 
:CLOSE5:CLOSE15 

BACK TO BASICS 

Taking a BASIC program and saving it as a sequential 
text file has many advantages. Many word processors have 
features such as SEARCH/REPLACE and FIND, just 
to name two, that can be used on a BASIC program if 
saved as a sequential file. Furthermore, editing a sequen- 
tial text file is usually very easy with WP programs which 
offer bidirectional scrolling. Still another benefit is the 
ability to have many small routines (utilities/programs) 
saved as sequential text files and merging them into one 
BASIC program. Changing a BASIC program already 
in memory to a text file requires only two entries: 

1) OPENS, 8, 8, "filename, S,W":CMD8:LIST 

2) PRINT#8: CLOSES 

(Note: Some WP programs save text files as PRO and 
not SEQ. If you have one of these WP programs, change 
the S to R) 

The program below will translate a text file back to 
BASIC. This program can easily merge text files with 
any BASIC program in memory. As listed, the program 
will work with the VIC and 64. But, by changing the 
value of B (842 for C-128) and K (208 for C-128), it 
should work on other Commodore computers that have 
the dynamic keyboard feamre (PET, 4-4, 16). Rim the pro- 



gram (RUN 6) and enter the name of the text file. As 
the text file is being merged, the lines will appear on 
the screen. When the program is finished, a SYNTAX 
ERROR might be displayed, which is natural. After all 
the routines you want to add have been merged, remem- 
ber to delete Back to BASIC -Shawn K. Smith 

Bronx, NY 

• 60000 INPUT'TILEN AME" ; A$ : OPENS , 8 , 8 , A$ 
•60050 GET#8,A$,A$:REM ID. BACK TO BASIC 
■60100 B=631 : K=l 98 :P0KE1 52,1: PRINT" [CLEAR 

][3"[D0WN]"]" 
• 60 1 25 F0RD=1T00STEP-ST : GET#8 , A$ : PRINTA$ ; 
■60200 IF A$=CHR$(13) THEN 60400 
■60300 NEXT: CLOSES: END 

■ 60400 F0RD=0T06 : POKED+B , 13 : NEXT : POKEK , D 
•60500 PRINT"[4"[DOWN]"]G0TO60100[H0ME]": 

END 



♦ 



FREE.HELP 

For those of you who hate dishing out S30 for a manual 
(which you can't understand anyway), here is a real money - 
saver. Believe it or not, there is a CP/M manual on your 
CP/M disk already. To get it, type in the following for 
your appropriate drive and follow the prompts. If you 
don't have a L571 you will have to put up with a few pag- 
es of garbage at the beginning, but otherwise it is the 
same as the manual you get if you have a 1571. The rea- 
son for this is that die Help.HLP file is 83K, Help.DAT 
is 82K, and Help.COM is 7K which is over the 170K 
limit of the 154L When using the 1571 method, you have 
to have a disk just formatted in 128 double-sided mode. 
To get a nicer printout with either drive set your printer 
to skip-over-perfs. 

1541 Disk Drive (with the CP/M disk in drive A) 

A> pip lst:=help.hlp 

1571 Disk Drive (with the CP/M disk in drive A) 
A> pip e:=a:help.* (E: is the newly formatted disk) 
A> help [extract] 
A> pip 1st: =help.dat 

1571 and Another 1571 or 1541 Drive (with the CP/M 
disk in drive A: and the newly formatted disk in drive B:) 
A> pip b:=a:help.* 
A> help [extract] 
A> pip lst:=help.dat 

-Paul Reeves 
Hamilton, ONT 

SILVER SCREEN 

Here's a sf)ecial effect which creates the illusion of an 
old-time movie reel on your computer screen. This special 
effect is especially suitable for setting die mood for an 
arcade game or slide show set in the "silver screen" era. 
This effect will run in conjunction with BASIC programs 
and machine code programs that don't alter the IRQ inter- 
rupt vector. 

After saving a copy of Silver Screen, run it. The load- 
er will check for errors in the data and then POKE the 



WKITE 



A Word Processor — 

Vprak-ti-k3l\ 

You know, like edible junk mail 1 

RUNS IN C128 "BSr MODE : 

80-(X)LUMN WINDOW > 

• 30,000+ WORD SPEUING-CHECKER 

• AlirO-PAGINAriON/OPTIONAL AUTO PAGE NUMBERING 

• MERGE C64 FILES FROM MOST WORD PROCESSORS 
AND PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS 

• MAE MERGE USING FILES FROM OTHER DAIA BASES. 

• FORMATS TECT AUTOMATICALiy AS YOU TYPE 

• EASY COPY-MOVE-DELETE COMMANDS. 

\9-'ford-3-bal\ 

Loosely defined' as less than your weekfy grocery bill 



39.95 

Ask yourlocai Dealer . 
or coil us - We love your face. 




HesWare • 415-871-0570 
390 Swift Ave. #14 • So. San Francisco, Ca. 94080 



Rawtor Service Ho. 146 



AHOY! 75 



machine language data into memory. (Memory locations 
679-740, to be exact.) When you wish the effect to begin, 
simply enter: 

SYS 679 

The RUN STOP/RESTORE keys will stop the effect. 

Silver Screen is an excellent example of how short, un- 
complicated machine code routines can be used to pain- 
lessly spice up BASIC programs. -Bob Ash 

Poteau, OK 



"ir//j 
'1010 
■1020 
•1030 

■1040 

* 

■1050 
EXT 

■ 1060 
ATA"; 

• 1070 

• 1080 

■ 1090 
,MC: 

■1100 



REM *=^**=f'***************=^** *=!'**** 

REM * SILVER SCREEN, BY BOB ASH * 
REM ***************************** 

REM ** CHECK FOR DATA ENTRY ERROR * 

S=0:FOR I=679T0740:READ MC:S=S+MC:N 

IF S <> 5744 THEN PRINT "ERROR IN D 

END 

REM ** POKE MC INTO MEMORY ** 

RESTORE 

FOR 11=679 TO 740: READ MC: POKE II 

NEXT: POKE53281,ll 

END 



O ' COMMODOIIE-64 



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•1110 DATA 169, 0, 141, 54, 3, 120, 169, 

185, 141, 20, 3 
•1120 DATA 169, 2, 141, 21, 3, 88, 96, 2 
38, 54, 3 

•1130 DATA 173, 54, 3, 201, 1, 240, 16, 
201, 10, 240 
•1140 DATA 20, 201, 11, 144, 21, 169, 0, 

141, 54, 3 
•1150 DATA 24, 144, 13, 169, 0, 141, 32, 

208, 24, 144 
•1160 DATA 5, 169, 15, 141, 32, 208, 76, 

49, 234, 141 
•1170 DATA 52 

•PC COMMAND UNLIAtHID 

If you've done much programming at all on your 64, 
I am sure you have longed for a command that would 
print a given number of blank (or reverse) spaces instant- 
ly on the screen, to create attractive bar graphs, or blank 
parts of the screen, or fiU boxes with reverse spaces. 

On most computers, the SPC command does exactly 
this. However, on Commodore computers, this only gen- 
erates a number of cursor rights on the screen, leaving 
the characters it crosses untouched. 

Well, a little gimmick using the Kemal ROM allevi- 
ates this problem, and adds a new and very useful com- 
mand to BASIC. 

All you have to do is open a chaimel to the screen as 
if it were an output device! Using this method, any SPC 
command will generate an appropriate number of CHR$ 
(32)'s, in either REVERSE-ON or REVERSE-OFF. 

If you use this command in combination with POS(O), 
you can compute and print "clear to end of logical line" 
commands like the C-128's ESC code, or clear parts of 
the screen and leave the rest intact. It is superior to the 
Kemal ROM's much-touted clear line routine in that it 
can be used to clear only a portion of the line it is on. 

The short little program below demonstrates use of this 
command to make attractive, graphically interesting bar 
graphs almost instantaneously, rather than using FOR- 
NEXT loops. Note that a REVERSE-ON character must 
be printed at the beginning of each bar, and a CHR$(B) 
to move it to the beginning of the next line. 

Make sure that your program closes the channel prop- 
erly as shown when you want to return to normal screen 
output. —Cleveland M, Blakemone 

Richmond, VA 

•10 P0KE53281 , . :P0KE53280, . :PRINTCHR$(147 

)TAB(10)"EASY BAR GRAPHS!" 

•20 0PEN1,3:CMD1 

•30 F0RG=1T018 

•40 X=RND(l)*38-t-l:C=RND(l)*14+l 

•50 P0KE646,C 

•60 PRINTCHR$(145)CHR$(18)SPC(X)CHR$(13) 

•70 NEXT 

•80 PRINT* 1,"" 

•90 CL0SE1,1 



76 AHOYt 






c:oi 



mn 



Turtle Graphics, COMAL, and Logo 

By Richard Herring 



Take a small step. TUm right a little. Repeat 
those commands over and over. You have just 
taken the first step (oops, sorry) in exploring 
turtle graphics. This column will take you an- 
other step. 

TVirtle geometry differs from other types of geometry 
in that it is dynamic, or process-oriented. A circle in Car- 
tesian geometry is a set of points that makes an equa- 
tion come true. A circle in turtle geometry is defined 
by thinking about what the turtle must do to move along 
the circle. 

Back in 1982, a friend gave me a version of the micro- 
computer language Logo. He knew I was interested in 
the educational uses of micros as well as in artificial in- 
telligence. Lc^o provided a perfect environment to explore 
those interests. 

It was mid-1983 when I finally emerged from my Logo 
experience. Logo was captivating. It seemed to exist just 
to make exploring with the computer easy. Logo, which 
is Greek for "word" or "thought," was developed by Sey- 
mour Papert, an educator at MIT who had closely studied 
the child development theories of Jean Piaget. 

Papert had realized that computer languages in the 60s 
and 70s were designed to be simple for computers, not 
easy for humans. The fact that early BASICs had a few 
primitive commands did not make learning to program 
easy. It meant that you had to write your own routines 
for many of the commands that we take for granted today. 
Programming languages were designed to use as little 
RAM and as few clock cycles as possible. 

To avoid those worries, Logo was developed on the 
most sophisticated computers available and modeled after 
the AI language LISP (for LISt Processing). As it 
emerged, Logo found six strengths. First, programs are 
written in small blocks of code or procedures, as with 
COMAL and Fiscal, rather than in one huge chunk. Sec- 
ond, programming is interactive. Like BASIC or 
COMAL, as soon as you type a command, the computer 
obeys it. Interactive languages usually make program- 
ming easier, although completed programs may run fast- 
er in non-interactive languages. 

Third, Logo, like COMAL, is recursive. A procedure 
can be used as a subprocedure of itself. Recursion is par- 
ticularly important for describing complicated mathema- 
tical problems in simple versions of themselves. Fourth, 
Logo is extensible, allowing user-defined procedures to 
be used like primitive commands. Fifth, Logo variables 
do not have to be declared as string or numeric. Sixth, 
Logo has list processing to group individual bits of in- 



formation into sets. COMAL, like BASIC, uses arrays. 
A list is often considered more flexible than an array be- 
cause a hst has no fixed size and can contain words, num- 
bers, or even other lists as elements. 

Aside from its Al-like lists, the most obvious and in- 
triguing feature of Logo is turtle graphics, a feattire con- 
veniently available to all you COMAL programmers. 
With your indulgence, we will spend the next couple of 
months exploring with turtles and, in the process, learn 
something about COMAL graphics. 

"Rirtle graphics are deceivingly simple. The turtle ap- 

COiMAi is rM|«lrod to rwn the pro- 
gram lnclwd«d wMi Hiis art Id*. Ver- 
sion 0.14, wiych wlil rwn the program 
wiien the indicated mo d i i l ca ll um are 
made, can iM fownd on this montli's 
Ahayl Dltk (see page 60). 



pears as a triangle on the screen. He has a line from his 
middle to one comer— his head. The turtle does two 
things: he moves and he draws. To move him you com- 
mand FORWARD(x), LEFT(y), or RIGHT(y), where 
X is the size of his step and y is the number of degrees 
to turn. TVping FORWARD(20) and LEFT(144) five 
times will draw a star. 

If you want the star to be a particular color, you give 
the turtle the PENCOLOR(#) command, where # is any 
of the Commodore color codes from through 15. The 
PE^fUP command tells the turtle not to draw as he moves. 
PENDOWN will tell him to start leaving a trail again. 

Let's do a short 45 line program that will show how 
to set up a turtle graphics screen, give you some idea 
of the variables to control, and produce some spectac- 
ular results. We will use line numbers even though 
COMAL doesn't require them, so the program is easy 
to follow. 

The program is just three procedures: 

10 questions 
20 setup 
30 drawl t 

The "questions" procedure asks you for 7 numbers. \bu 
specify the distance you want the turtle to go (line) and 
the number of degrees he should turn at the end of that 
distance (angle). \bu also have the option to increase the 

AHOY! 77 






Special Program Notes 

1) In the "setup" procedure, line 270 sets the graph- 
ics screen to for the standard high resolution bit 
map mode. The other possible value is 1 for the 
multicolor bit map mode. The standard mode gives 
you a screen of 320 horizontal dots by 200 vertical 
dots, while the multicolor mode only gives you 160 
by 200 dots. 

But high resolution has a disadvantage if you use 
the option to have your graphics created in several 
colors. The standard (hi-res) mode allows only two 
colors in each 8 by 8 dot section. If a line with 
a third color crosses through one of those sections, 
the third color will fill the whole 8 by 8 section. 
If you want colorful graphics to be sharper, you 
may actually like the low resolution (multicolor) 
mode better. It allows up to four colors in each 8 
by 8 dot section of the bit mapped screen. 

2) Also in line 270, for version 0.14 users, the 
"setgraphic 0" command will show two text lines 
on the top of the screen. If you don't want them, 
you'll have to add a "fullscreen" command at line 
275. 

3) Lines 2X) and 290 prove some of the additional 
power of version 2.0. In version 0.14 you must set 
turtlesize before giving the "setgraphic" command 
or "setgraphic" will kick the turtle back to his max- 
imum size of 10. Version 2.0 doesn't care what or- 
der these two commands come in. Also note that 
the command "hideturtle" is equivalent to turtle- 
size(O). 



4) In lines 70, 90, UO, BO, 150, 170, and 190, we 
use version 2.0's fency "input at" command to posi- 
tion the cursor over the default answers in the pre- 
ceding "print" statements. How and why this works, 
ni save for a whole column on getting user inputs. 

5) Line 440 is where the procedure "drawit" calls 
itself. A language is procedural if one procedure 
can do part of its work by calling another procedure. 
That language becomes recursive if the procedure 
can be a subprocedure of itself. Among modem 
procedural languages, only FORTRAN allows pro- 
cedures but not recursion. The procedure "drawit" 
uses tml recursion, where the recursive use of Mraw- 
it" is the last thing done in the procedure. 

Tail recursion, typically, can be done just as easily 
iteratively. Iteration means simply telling the com- 
puter to execute something repeatedly. BASIC'S 
FOR/NEXT command is a good example. Itera- 
tion is often preferred over recursion because, in 
many implementations of computer languages, it 
is faster and uses less memory. The interpreter in 
some newer languages recognizes tail recursion and 
treats it like iteration. 

Recursion, since it can refer to itself, can also 
refer to itself referring to itself. In human terms this 
is as complex and fascinating as when you think 
about thinking. This kind of self-reference finds its 
roots in the history of philosophy. Remember the 
Greek paradox about the liar from Crete. If all Cre- 
tans he, but our Cretan s^s "fm lying," isn't he real- 
ly telling the truth? 






distance or angle by a specified increment (lineinc or an- 
gleinc) during each loop through the "drawit" procedure. 
\bu set the screen color (backcolor) and tell the turtle 
how many different color pens to use (numcolor). 

Finally, the questions procedure asks you for the vari- 
able "repeat." If you choose to give a non-zero value for 
"repeat", you will want to use the defeult values of for 
line increase and angle increase. "Repeat" increases the 
length of each line the turtle draws by the original length. 
This incremental change occurs the number of times you 
specify in "repeat", then the line length is reset to the 
original value. "Repeat" merely scratches the surface of 
the kinds of recursive patterns you can design. 



PRINT "Background color (0-15): 6", 



AO PROC question 

50 PAGE // 0.14=PRINT CHR$(U7) 

PRINT "Starting line length: W, 
II 0.14 must delete 'at #J,#: "": 



60 

65 

70 

80 

90 

100 

110 

120 

130 



INPUT at 0,23,5 
PRINT "Starting 
INPUT at 0,22,5 
PRINT "Increase 
INPUT at 0,24,5 
PRINT "Increase 
INPUT at 0,25,5 



"": line 
angle size: 144", 

: angle 
each line by: 0", 

"": lineinc 
each angle by: 0", 

"": angleinc 



140 
150 
160 
170 
180 
190 
200 ENDPROC questions 



INPUT at 0,26.2 
PRINT "How many 
INPUT at 0,25,2 



backcolor 
colors (0-15): 1", 
"": numcolor 



PRINT "Repeat (0-10, complex) : 0", 
INPUT at 0,24,2: "": repeat 



The second procedure sets up the turtle graphics screen. 
The "use turtle" command tells the cartridge version of 
COMAL that turtle instructions are on the way. In version 
0.14, it is not necessary to initialize certain command sets 
with "use" but 0.14 also has fiar less memory available 
for your program. Next we clear the turtle's screen and 
set the screen color. "Home" tells the turtle to move to 
the center of the screen &cing up, though on a new screen 
like this, that's where he will start anyway. Next we se- 
lect the high resolution graphics screen to give your ar- 
tistic creations the best possible resolution. 

The "wrap" command connects the bottom of the screen 
to the top and the left side to the right side to make a 
two-dimensional globe. If the mrtle runs off the top of 
the screen, you won't have to imagine what his graphics 
would look like on the wall. Instead, he will reappear 






7Z AHOYl 



LAnneuiMing 



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on the bottom of the screen. 'T\irtlesize(#)'' specifies how 
big the turtle (triangle) should be. Our setting of makes 
the turtle invisible so we won't see him redrawing sim- 
ple graphics. And finally, we set the initial values for 
the pen color and the "count" variable used by "repeat". 

210 PROC setup 

220 USE turtle // O.U omit 

230 clearscreen // 0.14=CLEAR 

240 border (backcolor) // 0.14 omit () 

250 background (backcolor) // 0.14 omit () 

260 home 

270 graphicscreen(O) // 0.14=SETGRAPHIC 

280 wrap // 0.14 omit 

290 turtlesize(O) // 0.14=omit () 

3f/J pclr:=l 

310 count:=l 

320 ENDPROC setup 

The last procedure, "drawit", does all the real work by 
calling itself over and over. Note the last command in 
the procedure (line 440) puts "drawit" in an endless re- 
cursive loop. Lmes 400-430 just change the color of the 
turtle's pen as many times as you specified and check 
that the pen color is not the same as the background 
screen color. At lines 340-390, the turtle moves forward 
and turns according to the values you gave. 




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330 PROC drawit 

340 forward(line*count) 

350 right(angle) 

360 count=count+l 

370 IF count>repeat THEN count=l 

380 line:=line+llneinc 

390 angle :=angle+angleinc 

400 pencolor(pclr) 

410 IF pclr<=nuntcolor THEN pclr:=pclr+l 

420 IF pclr>numcolor THEN pclr:=l 

430 IF pclr=backcolor THEN pclr:=pclr+l 

440 drawit 

450 ENDPROC drawit 

Just to get you started, try some of these sets as inputs 
to the turtle: 



[1,88,1,0,6,1,0] 
(1,180,0.1,9,6,1,0] 
[20,2,0,20,6,1,0] 
(18,40,0,30,6,1,0] 



[12,88,0,0,6,1,5] 
[10,144,0,0,6,1,8] 
[10,225,0,0,6,1,10] 



If you're interested in the educational aspects of com- 
puters, and turtles in particular, you might want to check 
out f^pert's book Mindstorms, Children, Computers, and 
Powell Ideas. Or if you want to know just how com- 
plex a critter that little turtle can be, try the book Turtle 
Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring 
Mathematics by Abelson & diSessa. 

Next month we'll explore more concepts of turtle graph- 
ics. We'll also look at some non- turtle COMAL com- 
mands that will let us develop a simple joystick drawing 
program that, through the addition of procedures you can 
add, might take you to the land of microworlds. D 




The result of inputting 10,245,0,0,6,1,6 into the COMAL 
turtle graphics progratn provided on these pages. 



80 AHOYI 



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sounds built-in and Rhythm King will play up to 
3 drums at a time. You may write "patterns of up 
to 24 bars, with up to 32 notes per bar, with up to 
64 steps per note. Up to 64 different patterns 
may be linked together into a "song", with up to 
255 repeats per pattern. Songs may be linked 
together lo form "Megasongs of up to 255 
pattern steps. 

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The periodically puzzling, pre- 
carious, path to perspicacious 
program perfection and prowess 



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ftamlt 8*rvl» No. 117 



EXTENDED BACKGROUND MODE 

For the C-128 

By R. Harold Droid 



f 



Among the features of Commodore's 40-col- 
umn graphics (VIC) chip is a text mode 
called extended background color mode. 
Not supported by any of the 128's BASIC 
7.0 commands, this mode lets you put different back- 
ground colors behind individual characters. Now you can 
add those commands yourself and put this "bonus" mode 
to work in your own programs. 

Type in the program. Remember to save it before you 
run it, as a hedge against disaster Running the program 
POKEs some code into an unused part of memory and 
enables the new keywords. You can use this program as 
a subroutine within your own program, or just experi- 
ment with it in direct mode for now. If you do the latter, 
you can type NEW after running to clear BASIC pro- 
gram memory. The commands stay in the machine until 
you use the reset button or turn off the computer. 

Here are the new commands: 

EXTON turns extended background text mode on. 
Standand C-128 graphic modes are disabled; the GRAPH- 
IC command has no effect while the new mode is active. 

EXTOFF turns extended background text mode off and 
returns to standard text mode (GRAPHICO). 

EXTCOL selects colors. Four different background 



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colors can be displayed on the screen at any one time. 
The syntax is 

EXTC0Lcl,c2,c3,c4 

where cl-c4 are standard C-128 40-column color codes 
(numbers 1-16). Color cl is the screen background. The 
system has default values built in if you don't specify 
otherwise with this command. 
EXT switches between the four colors. The syntax is 

EXTn 

where n is a number fipom 1-4 that corresponds to col- 
ors cl-c4. It defaults to color cl. Once you've chosen a 
color with EXT, all subsequent PRINT statements print 
in that background color until you change it with another 
EXT command. 

Extended background text mode trades a reduced char- 
acter set for an increase in background color choices. 
The normal character set consists of the following sub- 
sets of screen codes: screen codes 0-63 are unshifted char- 
acters; 64-127 are shifted characters; 128-195, unshifted, 
reversed characters; 196-255, shifted, reversed charac- 
ters. Only the first 64 characters can be displayed in ex- 
tended background color mode. This limits you to num- 
bers, punctuation marks, and unshifted alphabetic char- 
acters. Note that the alphabet can be either upper- or low- 
ercase, depending on which character set has been se- 
lected with the COMMODORE/SHIFT key combination. 

The three higher subsets of screen codes, instead of 
displ^ing shifted or reversed characters, now display the 
three additional background colors. While you're in ex- 
tended background mode, entering shifted alphabetic or 
reversed characters from the keyboard may not give you 
the characters or the colors you would expect. Use the 
EXT command and limit your PRINT strings to the al- 
lowed characters and you've got an easy, predictable way 
to put extended background mode to work for you in your 
programs. Standard control characters, such as for^round 
color changes, CLR and HOME, and cursor movement 
work normally within your PRINT statements. But ex- 
cept for purely experimental reasons, leave RVS ON and 
RVS OFF alone. 

Some of the effects of extended background color mode 
are quite novel, like a red cursor printing out white char- 
acters, or program listings in multiple colors. Playing 
around with this in direct mode can be a great way to 
have a little fun, to gain insight into how the printing 
routines turn ASCII into screen codes, or to drive your- 
self crazy. Remember, this mode is recognized t^ the 
video display chip -not by the BASIC editor. When you're 
trying to do some serious editing, use EXTOFF to pre- 
serve the normal environment— and your sanity. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE 105 



82 AHOY! 



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LIST FORMATTER 

For the C-128 

By Shawn K. Smith 



£ist Formatter is a utility designed for the Com- 
modore 128 which greatly increases the reada- 
bility of BASIC programs. As the owner of a 
C-128, you are probably aware that the BASIC 
editor has an input buffer which allows you to enter 
BASIC Unes of up to 160 characters in length. This is 
a big improvement over the C-64's capacity of 80 char- 
acters per line. The larger buffer means that we can en- 
ter twice as much information on a single line. And, since 
packing multiple commands on one line can actually in- 
crease the speed of BASIC program execution, program- 
mers are taking full advantage of the input buffer. Un- 
fortunately, however, this quest for increased speed has 
produced a predicament. Many programmers find them- 
selves asking, "Should I throw readability out the win- 
dow and settle for the increased speed?" My answer is 
simple. NO! Use List Formatter and get the best of both 
worlds. 

List Formatter is a short machine language program 
in the form of a BASIC loader. There are no special in- 
structions for typing in the program. Enter it as j«u would 
any BASIC program, but pay close attention to the DATA 
statements which contain die ML code. After you've typed 
in the program, save a copy. When you run it, the ML 
is POKEd into a safe area of RAM which is determined 
by the value of the variable S. If you wish, you can have 
the program relocated by changing the value of S in line 
110 before you run it. Next, the program is activated, the 
SYS to turn it on/off is displ^ed, and the loader is erased 
from memory. 

Now that List Formatter has been patched into the 
IQPLOP vector (306-307), which is responsible for listing 
BASIC text, we are able to control the way BASIC lines 
are listed. (It should be noted that the LIST command 
has not been changed, only the format of the listing.) 
Since the only w^ to place multiple statements on a line 
is to use a colon. List Formatter first checks for colons. 
When a colon is encountered, the program makes sure 
that the colon is not within quotes. If this turns out to 
be true, a carriage retum and a calculated number of spac- 
es are printed to produce a uniform output. Likewise, 
in keeping with readability, all REMs are displayed in 
reverse video! As an example, consider listing the fol- 
lowing BASIC line: 

200 G0SUB500: DO: READY: IF Y<OTHEN 
EXIT:ELSE:PRINT#8,CHR$(Y)+":";:L00P:REM 
STORE DATA TO DISK!" 

With the standard list routine, the line would Ust as is. 



However, with Ust Formatter the listing becomes 

200 (5OSUB500 
:D0 
: READY 

IF Y<OTHEN EXIT 
:ELSE PRINT#8,CHR$(Y)+":"; 
:LOOP 
:REM STORE DATA TO DISK! 

This format is ideal for examining programs, or as a fi- 
nal draft of your program. But do not attempt to edit a 
line in this format. If you must edit a line, temporarily 
turn off Ust Formatter and relist the line. Removing the 
REM ftiom the beginning of Une 350 in the BASIC loader 
will turn the f5 function key into an on/off switch for 
List Formatter. 

I hope this program proves to be as beneficial for you 
as it has for me. D 

SEE PROGRAM USTING ON PAGE m 



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Rtadar Service No, 12S 



AHOn 85 



By Dale Rwpert 



E 




ach month, we'll present several challenges de- 
signed to stimulate your synapses and toggle the 
bits in your cerebral random access memory. 
We invite you to send your solutions to: 

Commodares, c/o Ahoy! 

P.O. Box 723 

Bethel, CY 06801 

We will print and discuss the cleverest, simplest, short- 
est, most interesting and/or most unusual solutions. Be 
sure to identify the name and number of the problems 
you are solving. Also show sample runs if possible. Be 
sure to tell what makes your solutions unique or inter- 
esting, if they are. 

Programs on diskette (1541 format only) are welcome, 
but they must be accompanied by listings. You must en- 
close a stamped, self-addressed envelope if you want any 
of your materials returned. Solutions received by the mid- 
dle of the month shown on the magazine cover are most 
likely to be discussed, but you may send solutions and 
comments any time. Your original programming prob- 
lems, suggestions, and ideas are equally welcome. The 
best ones will become Commodares\ 



PftOBiCM #40-1: SMAU SIKAfCMT 

This problem was submitted by Steven Sleekier (Co- 
lumbia, MD). In his Yahtzee game program, Steven ran- 
domly tosses five dice and then tests for a small straight. 
For this program, small straight means that at least four 
of the five dice can be arranged to be in numerical order. 

For example, a toss of 61534 represents a small straight 
since there is a '3456" sequence among them. Also 53542 
contains "2345", 4B42 contains "1234" and 51234 con- 
tains both "1234" and "2345." How easily can you simu- 
late the throw of five dice and identify those throws which 
contain one or more small straights? 



PROBifM #40-2t SMOIIT SOAT 

Chris Raimondi (Kingsville, MD) needs a program in 
which the user enters six numbers and the computer prints 
them out in numerical order. Disregarding the input state- 
ment, can you program the sorting routine in just one 
line? If not, send your shortest routine anyway. 



PRaBUM #40-3: POLYGON PLAY 

Nolan Whitaker (Jeffersonville, KY) suggested this geo- 
metrical challenge. The user enters the number of sides 
of a regular convex polygon (3 is an equilateral triangle, 
4 is a square, 5 is a regular pentagon, and so on). The 

86 AHOY! 



program responds with the size of each interior angle, 
the sum of its interior angles, the area of the polygon, 
the radius of an inscribed circle, and the radius of a cir- 
cumscribed circle, assuming each side of the polygon has 
a length of one meter. 



PROSUM #404: fNTIGf ft PlfNCTIOMS 

Create user-defined functions FNF(X) and FNC(X) 
which determine the floor function and the ceiling func- 
tion of any input value X. The floor function of X is de- 
fined as the greatest integer less than or equal to X, The 
ceiling function of X is the least integer greater than or 
equal to X. For example if X is 3.5, FNF(X) is 3, while 
FNC(X) is 4. If X is -3.5, FNF(X) is -4, and FNC(X) 
is -3. Let's see some solutions from you first-timers. 



This month we will look at the most interesting solu- 
tions to Commodares from the December 1986 issue. One 
tip and a suggestion first. If you send a disk (1541 format 
only), be sure to pack it between pieces of cardboard 
or put it in a special disk mailer. Also mark the outside 
of the package "Please Do Not Bend." 

The reason for this warning is that my mailbox often 
fills to overflowing, and sometimes the larger envelopes 
are folded to fit in. The envelopes properly labeled are 
usually left flat, and the disks in them tend to work much 
better than those with a crease down the middle. Remem- 
ber to send packaging and return postage if you want any 
materials returned. (With prices of disks below $1 these 
days, the return postage is usually more than the disk. 
It's your option.) 

Now for the tip. If a damaged disk does not rotate free- 
ly in its jacket (such as those I receive with creases), 
it is stLU possible to salvage the data on it. Carefully open 
the jacket at one end and slip the disk out (touch the edg- 
es, not the writing surfeces). Remove the inner disk from 
another diskette which has a good jacket and replace it 
with the disk from the damaged jacket (be sure it is right 
side up). Now you can read and copy the files from the 
damaged disk. 

One final note. Amazingly enough, some disk drives 
which are not spring-loaded allow the inner disk itself 
to be inserted and read even without its jacket. (This is 
not a recommended procedure, of course, but it works.) 
The spring-loaded drives such as the 1541 and most other 
half-height drives require the strength of the jacket to cock 
the spring before the disk can be inserted, however. 
Enough for disk trivia. 

Determining the 2,568 digits of 1000 factorial (1000!) 
was the challenge fix)m Problem 036-1: Fancy Factorials 



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ReKler ServJce No. 120 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-1 : 
FANCY FACTORIALS 



suggested by Jim Speers (Niles, MI). Several readers met 
the challenge. N ^ctorial is the product of all integers 
from 1 up to and including N. 5! is 5''4*3*2*1 or 120 
(not 720 as given in the original example). As David 
Hoffner (Brooklyn, NY) pointed out, the challenge was 
not so much the calculation, but where to fit the digits 
in the computer. David used two arrays to store the digits. 
The following program is a collection of several solutions 
to the problem. 

1 REM ================================== 

2 REM 

3 REM 

4 REM 

90 REM SOLUTION BY MATT SHAPIRO 

100 H=100000 : E= . r/jOOOO 1 : 1=0 : J=0 : K=l : C=0 : 

P=0:N=0:DIMF(30r/j):F(l)=l:INPUT"N";N 

110 FOR 1=1 TO N:FOR J=l TO K:P=I*F(J)+C 

: C=INT( P/H+E) : F( J)=P-H*C ; NEXT 

120 IF C THEN K=K+1 : F(K)=C : 0=0 

130 NEXT: PRINT MID$(STR$(N),2)"!="MID$(S 

TR$(F(K)).2); 

UO IFK>1THENF0RJ=K-1T01STEP-1 rPRINTRIGH 

T$("[4"0"]"+MID$(STR$(F(J)),2),5);:NEXT 

150 END 

190 REM SOLUTION BY ROB SCHULTZ 

200 INPUT "N";N : M=l 

210 FOR J=l TO N : M=M*J 

220 IF M>=10 THEN M=M/10 :E=E+1:G0T0 220 

230 NEXT : PRINT M "E+" E 

240 END 

290 REM SOLUTION BY CHARLES KLUEPFEL— 

300 INPUT "N";N : PRINT N'*[LEFT]! = "; 

310 LN=LOG(N)*(N+.5)-N+LOG(2*[PI])/2+l/( 

12*N)-1/(360*N*N*N) 

320 LN=LN+1/(1260*N*N*N*N*N)-1/(1680*N*N 

*N*N*N*N*N) 

330 IF N<12 THEN PRINT INT(EXP(LN)+.5) : 
GOTO 360 

340 LG=LN/L0G(10) : CH=INT(LG) :MN=LG-CH 

350 PRINT LEFT$(STR$(EXP(MN*L0G(10)))+"[ 

10"0"]",12-LEN(STR$(CH)));"E"MID$(STR$(C 

H),2) 
•360 END 

•390 REM STIRLING'S FORMULA 

•400 INPUT "SPECIFY N LESS THAN 34" ;N 
•410 NF=SQR(2*[PI]*N)*(N/EXP(1))[UPARR0W] 

N 

•420 PRINT N •'! >" NF 
•430 PRINT N "! <" NF*(1+1/(12*N-1)) 
•440 END 

The fu^t solution in lines 100 through 140 is from Matt 
Shapiro (Fort Lee, NJ). It is the only exact solution giv- 
en here. Wait long enough and all 2568 digits of ICKX)! 
will eventually be printed. Matt mentioned that the pro- 
gram can calculate up to 4640! using the F arr^ of 3(KX) 
elements. 



88 AHOY! 



The next solution from Rob Schultz (Fremont, G\) 
in lines 200 through 230 is not exact. It keeps track of 
the mantissa (M) and the exponent (E) of the answer sep- 
arately. After each multiplication, factors of ten are re- 
moved from the product in line 220 and added to the 
exponent. That way the product stays small and exact up 
to nine digits. This program is faster than the exact one, 
but it still takes a while since N multiplications must be 
performed. Type RUN 200 to use this program. 

The diird program is from Charles Kluepfel (Bloom- 
field, NJ). It is less accurate than the previous two, but 
it is much faster. It uses a series approximation for the 
factorial function. Use this program to get values quick- 
ly even beyond 90,000! (That's a big number by the way.) 
Type RUN 300 for this program. 

The fourth program has the advantage of being very 
short and fast, but it handles the smallest range of inte- 
gers (N must be less than 34). This program uses Stirling's 
formula which is primarily used for approximating lai^e 
factorials. Unfortunately in our computer, large factor- 
ials cause an overflow error. If you need a short function 
and an approximate value for small fectorials, the for- 
mulas in lines 420 and 430 give lower and upper limits 
on the result. Type RUN 400 and enter a number less 
than 34 for this program. 

Thanks also to Mario Segal (Mexico City. Mexico), 
Carl Stolberg (Traverse City, MI), Wm. G. James (Dun- 
church, ONT), Clifford Dedmore (North Bend, OR), 
and Jack Baldrige (Boulder, CO). Jack sent COMAL and 
BASIC solutions with some timing analysis. His times 
to calculate 100! for BASIC, COMAL 0.14, COMAL 2.0, 
and compiled BASIC using the same algorithm were 78 
seconds, 63 seconds, 35 seconds, and 24 seconds respec- 
tively. Jack said he wrote the program originally in 
COMAL 2.0 l)ecause of its structured logic and ease of 
modification. 

There were at least two general approaches to Problem 
§36-2: Animated Expansion. The problem was to show 
an input word being expanded on the screen by inserting 
a specified number of spaces, one by one, between its 
letters. The one-liner below from Clifford Dedmore 
(North Bend, OR) performs the task by using the insert 
character CHR$(148). 

1 REM ========================== 

2 REM 

3 REM 

4 REM 

5 REM 

6 REM ================================== 

10 INPUTW$ , N : PRINT" [ CLEAR ] "W$" [ HOME ] [ RIG 
HT]"; :F0RT=1T0LEN(W$) :F0RK=1T0N:PRINTCHR 
$(148)" ";:NEXT:PRINT"[ RIGHT]" ;:NEXT 

Specify the string and the number of spaces to be put 
between each letter, then watch it fly. 

Another version of the program from Andre Lessard 
(Shawinigan-sud, Quebec) is listed below. 



I, 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2 
ANIMATED EXPANSION 
SOLUTION BY 
CLIFFORD DEDMORE 



-1 REM 



REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2 
ANIMATED EXPANSION 
SOLUTION BY 
ANDRE LESSARD 



•10 INPUT" [CLEAR] ENTER A WORD";A$:INPUT"E 
NTER A NUMBER";A: PRINT" [HOME] [3" [DOWN]"] 
"A$ 

•20 CR$=CHR$(148):B=1:C=LEN(A$)-1:X=1:Y=C 
:Z=1:DEF FNB(A)=B+A+1 : GOSUB AO 

•30 CR$=CHR$(20):B=C+2+C*A:X=C:Y=0:Z=-l:D 
EF FNB(A)=B-A-1 : GOSUB 40 : GOTO 20 

•40 FOR J=X TO Y STEP Z : FOR K=l TO A : 
PRINT" [HOME] [3"[D0WN]"]"TAB(B)CR$ : NEXT 

•50 B=FNB(A) : NEXT : RETURN 

Andre's program sets up variables to expand the string 
in Hne 20 and variables to contract the string in line 30. 
The subroutine at line 40 performs both operations. This 
program also uses the "insert" character CHR$(148) to 
add spaces to the screen and the "delete" character CHR$ 
(20) to delete them. 

A different approach is shown in this program by Bing 
Perry (Monterey, CA). 



REM 
REM 
REM 

REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2 
ANIMATED EXPANSION 
SOLUTION BY 
BING PERRY 



10 INPUT"[CLEAR]ENTER NUMBER OF SPACES"; 

S 

20 INPUr'ENTER WORD";A$ : L=LEN(A$) 

30 PRINT "[ CLEAR ]"A$ : GOSUB 100 : FOR K 

=1 TO L-1 

40 FOR J=l TO S : A$=LEFr$(A$, (K-1)*(S+1 

)+J)+"."+RIGHT$(A$,L-K) : PRINT" [HOME]"+A$ 

50 GOSUB 100 : NEXT : NEXT 

60 FOR K=L-1 TO 1 STEP -1 

70 FOR J=S TO 1 STEP -1 : A$=LEFT$(A$,(K 

-1)*(S+1)+J)+RIGHT$(A$,L-K) 

80 PRINT" [ HOME ]"+A$+" ": GOSUB 100 :NEXT 

:NEXT 

90 END 

100 FOR T=l TO 20 : NEXT : RETURN 

Bing's program creates a different string value for each 
stage of the expansion or compression. The advantage 
of building strings rather than merely using the screen 
insert character is that characters other than spaces may 
now be used for the expansion. Change the "." character 
in line 40 to any other character and see the results. You 
can adjust the speed of operation by changing the 20 in 
line 1()0 to any other value. 

Jim Speers (Niles, MI) sent some interesting applica- 
tions along with his solution listed below. 



•1 
•2 
•3 
•4 
■5 
■6 



REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-2 : 
ANIMATED EXPANSION 
SOLUTION BY 
JIM SPEERS 

•100 FOR 1=1 TO 40:B$=B$+" ":NEXT I 
•110 INPUT" [CLEAR] [DOWN] ENTER TEXT";W$ 
•120 INPUT" [ DOWN ]# OF SPACES" ;N:PRINT"[CL 

EAR]" 
•130 REM N=3 : W$=" QB JO LD TURFUVTAO HI 

OOMEHZG ECWXPREYS KN S" 
•140 REM N=l : W$="[6" "][RVSON]M[RVSON]E 

[RVSON]N[RVSON]U[RVSON]" 
•150 REM N=7 : W$="l 4 52+5=73 6 9" 
•160 REM N=7 : W$=" M[4" "]0 H NDO TAU 

HYR [3"[c T]"]" 
•170 K=l : GOSUB 210 
•180 FOR 1=1 TO N:G0SUB 220 : PRINT P1$LE 

FT$(B$,I)P2$:F0RJ=1T01:NEXTJ:NEXTI 
•190 W$=P1$+LEFT$(B$,N)+P2$:K=LEN(P1$)+N+ 

1:G0SUB210:IF P2$="" THEN END 
•200 GOTO 180 
•210 P1$=LEFT$(W$,K):P2$=MID$(W$,K+1,255) 

: RETURN 
•220 IF DS$="" THEN POKE 780,0: POKE 781,1 

:POKE 782,0 : SYS 65520 : RETURN 
•230 SYS 65520,0,1,0 : RETURN 

Remove the REM from the beginning of line 130 and 
just press RETURN in response to the two prompts. To 
see the other examples, remove the REMs from Imes 140 
through 160 one at a time and run each one. Line 220 
is for the C-64 to call the PLOT Kemal routine so the 
cursor always starts at row 1 column (the second and 
third POKEs are the row and column numbers). Line 
230 does the same thing for the C-128. Recall that DS$ 
has special meaning for the C-t28 (disk status), but it 
is just a nuO string for the C-64. You can adjust the speed 



Call Ahoytt Bultotln Beard System 

If you have a modem, you can call Ahoyl's Bulle- 
tin Board System a^ 718-383-8909 any hour of 
the day, any day of the v^^eek to exchange elec- 
tronic mail with other Commodore users and 
download files like: 



• Editorial calendar 
for upcoming issues 

• Corrections to pro- 
grams/articles 



Excerpts from future 
news sections 

Detailed descriptions 
of back Issues 



Set your modem for 300/1200 baud, full duplex, 
no parity, 1 stop bit, and 8-bit word length. (Mul- 
tiuser access to the Ahoy! BBS Is available on the 
PloyNET Bulletin Board System.) _^ 



AHOY! 89 



with the values in the J loop in line 180, Jim's examples 
work with a 40-colunin screen. 

Solutions to this problem and others came from these 
readers: Curt D'Onofrio (Shelton, CT), Sol Katz (Lake- 
wood, CO), Sixto Santos, Jerry Torres (Daggett, CA), 
Ivan Rudyk (Burlington, ONT), Brian Carr (Hermitage, 
TN), Stephane Edwardson (La 1\ique, QUE), Karen 
Middaugh (San Diego, CA), Steve Schowiak (Giessen, 
W. Germany), David Embry (San Diego, CA), and Ed 
Hoofnagle (Cove, OR). 

Problem ^36-3: Life Times suggested by Bill Okerblom 
(Providence, RI) convinced quite a few readers that you 
don't have to be a super-powered programming expert 
to solve Commodores (although it may help in some cas- 
es). The user enters his age. The program then displays 
the dates of the previous 100 lifetimes of the user. The 
idea here is to show historical times from a different per- 
spective. 

The following solution from Rick Needham (Croton- 
on-Hudson, NY) easily meets the requirements of the 
problem. 



REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-3 : 
LIFE TIMES 
SOLUTION BY 
RICK NEEDHAM 

10 INPUT "AGE"; A: FOR X=l TO IV)-. Y=1987 
-A*X : IF Y<=0 THEN Y=Y*-1+1 : A$="BC" 
20 PRINT X,Y;A$: NEXT : END 



Enter your age at the prompt. The program then shows 
the year one lifetime ago. It should be your birth year 
(or one year later if you haven't had a birthday yet this 
year). It also shows the other previous years. Rick's pro- 
gram handles the B.C. years properly (there was no 
B.C.) with the IF-THEN statement. 

Lon Olson (Mesa, AZ) used some fancy looping and 
logic on the C-128 and fit the program into one line as 
follows: 



•I 
•2 
•3 
•4 
•5 
•6 



REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36- 
LIFE TIMES 
SOLUTION BY 
LON OLSON 



•10 INPUT" [CLEAR] [DOWN] [ DOWN ]AGE="; A: Y=19 
87:00:1=1+1 :Y=Y-A:IFI>IOOTHENSTOP:ELSEIF 
Y<=OTHENEXIT : ELSEPRINTI " ) " Y : LOOP : Y=1+AB 
S(Y):DOUNTILI>K/j:PRINTI") "Y"BC": Y=Y+A: 
1=1+1: LOOP 

By cleverly using a logical variable as an array index, 
CUfford Dedrnore (North Bend, OR) fit his solution into 
one line also. Enter the current year and your age into 
this program. 



REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-3 
LIFE TIMES 
SOLUTION BY 
CLIFFORD DEDMORE 



10 T$( 1 )="BC" : INPUTY , A : FORK=lTOir/j : Y=Y-A 
:PRINTK,ABS(Y)-(Y<1);T$(-(Y<1)):NEXT 

The expression (Y<1) has a value of -1 (true) if Y is 
less than 1 and a value of (false) otherwise. For A.D. 
years, (Y<1) is zero. T$(0) is the null string. For B.C. 
years, (Y<1) is -1. Consequently the B.C. years are 
properly corrected, and T$(l) which is "BC is printed. 

Congratulations to these readers for solutions to this 
problem: Carlos Centeno (Lares, PR), L. W. Brenne- 
man (Erie, PA), Stephen Rasmussen (Nacogdoches, TX), 
Ben Medich (Weehawken, NJ), Jorge Milke (Mexico 
City, Mexico), Jonathan Davis— let's hear it for Kid Pow- 
er! (Henderson, KY), Karen Middaugh (San Diego, CA), 
James Bauer (Portland, OR), Mario Segal (Mexico City, 
Mexico), Ronald Weiner (Levittown, PA), Jim Speers 
(Niles, MI), and Paul Sobolik (Pittsburgh, PA). 

Problem if 36-4: Crossed Ladders brought out the best 
of the geometricians, trigonometricians, and numerical 
analysts. There are two ladders leaning against buildings 
on opposite sides of a street, each ladder going from the 
base of one building to the wall of the other. The lad- 
ders are 20 and 30 feet long and their point of intersec- 
tion is 6 feet above the street. The problem is to find 
out the width of the street. 

Several readers mentioned that the problem can be 
solved algebraically, but they wee equally quick to add 
that solving it is a very hard task. The procedure is then 
to set up the equations, and let the computer solve them. 

Let the width of the street be X and the heights of the 
two ladders against the buildings be HS and HL for the 
short and long ladders, respectively. HS and HL can be 
determined from the Pythagorean Theorem to be: 

HS = SQR (20*2 - X"2) ' 

HL = SQR (30*2 - X*2) 

It can be shown from properties of similar triangles or 
with trigonometric relations (and some algebraic manip- 
ulations) that the height of the intersection of the lad- 
ders above the street HX is: 



HX = 



( HS * HL) 

( HS + HL) 



Now you can write a program which repeatedly incre- 
ments X. For each value of X, the program evaluates 
HS, HL, and HX. The value of X for which HX has 
a value of 6 is the answer. The size of the X increments 
determines the accuracy of your result. 



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I METHOD OF PAYMENT jail prices are in US ^undsi 

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SHIP 10 

N*inB 

Cily 



Raider Service No, 121 



A more sophisticated program starts with large incre- 
ments of X until the approximate range of the answer 
is found. Then the increment is reduced and a smaller 
range of X values is searched. This process is repeated 
until the desired accuracy is obtained. 

The most elegant approach is to use one of the stan- 
dard methods of numerical analysis for finding roots of 
equations. The program below from Andy Young (Otta- 
wa, ONT) uses a method he calls fixed-pouit iteration. 



REM 
REM 

REM 
REM 
REM 



COMMODARES PROBLEM #36-4 : 
CROSSED LADDERS 
SOLUTION BY 
ANDY YOUNG 

10 LL=30 : LS=20 : HT=6 : K=2 

20 X0=1 :REM INITIAL VALUE 

30 PRINT "XO, GX, HX" 

100 FOR 11=0 TO -1 STEP -1 

110 HS=SQR(LS*LS-XO*XO) 

120 HL=SQR(LL*LL-XO*XO) 

130 HX=HS*HL/(HS+HL) 

140 FX=HT-HX 

150 GX=XO-FX/K 

160 PRINT XO.GX.HX 

170 XO=GX 



Transfer Your Data From IBM-PC/ 

RS232 to Commodore Computer 

C64/1 28 or Vice Versa 




Brief Description: 

• Baudrate 225 to 57600 selectable 
y^ Hardware or XON/XOFF Handshake 
.^ E E PROM - No Dil Switches 
»^ Selectable Device Address 
t^64 KByte Buffer Capacity 

Price: Only $149 (Part-N°:98064) 

(CA r«sid«nt$ add ia> b 5% Shipping/Handling (USA) ^dd S4 on dll ordpr^ Item 
5ubre<! to dviiiabilitv and price change without notice Send check or monev of- 
derl 

We carrv interfaces and cable* for most maior computers and printers. 

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San Gabriel, CA 91775 

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IBM-PC/XTIAT are trademailis of Init/njtionai Bunnesj Machines 
CBMi'CM,12flare irademarkvof Commodore Bu^inesi Machines 



Hawtor Sflfvlu Nou 124 



•180 II=(ABS(FX/GX) < lE-8) 
•190 NEXT II 

The goal is to find a value of X to satisfy the equation 
HX=6. This function of X is written as F(X)=6-HX 
where now the goal is to solve for F(X)=0. (Yes, this 
is confusing at first. If F(X)=0, then 6-HX=0, and 
therefore, HX=6 as desired.) 

The procedure is to restate the function of X in the 
form X=G(X). The simplest form for G(X) is G(X) = 
X - F(X)/K where K is any constant. The iteration in- 
volves evaluating G(X), assigning this value to X, and 
then evaluating G(X) again. The iteration is repeated un- 
til X stops changing. At this point, X and G(X) are the 
same, and F(X) is zero as desired. 

Andy uses the FOR/NEXT loop at line 100 as a DO 
WHILE loop. On the C-128 you could replace lines 100 
and 190 as follows: 

•100 DO WHILE 11=0 
•190 LOOP 

The values of HS, HL, and HX are calculated. Then FX 
and GX (representing F(X) and G(X) ) are evaluated. 
Line 170 assigns this new value of GX to XO. Line 180 
determines the relative closeness of FX to 0, If FX is 
less than IE— 8 times GX then II is set to —1, and the 
FOR-NEXT loop is completed. Otherwise 11 has the val- 
ue 0, and the loop is repeated. 

This general procedure can be used to find the zeroes 
of any function. Simply replace the definition of FX in 
line 140. For other equations you may have to pick a dif- 
ferent value of K or a different initial value of XO to get 
a proper answer. Changing K to -2 in this program for 
example causes convergence to a negative value of XO, 
a valid solution to the equation but not to the problem. 

Andy said that there are other forms of G(X) which 
converge ("home in") on the correct value of X faster than 
this fixed-point form, but this is the easiest form to de- 
termine and to program. The reader is referral to books 
on numerical analysis for further discussions. (Newton's 
method and secant method are two related topics. New- 
ton's method uses the first derivative of F(X) in place 
of K, for example.) 

By the way, the answer to the problem is roughly 18.3 
feet. Thanks to Troy Shoap and David Brouse (Shippens- 
burg, PA) for their explanations and graphical analysis 
of the problem. They plotted "distance between build- 
ings vs. height of intersection" for the two ladders. You 
might enjoy graphing this problem as weU. 

Congratulations also to Sarah Jane Butler (Decatur, 
IN), W.J. McMahon (Agawam, MA), Justin Smalley 
(Boulder, CO), Jim Frost (La Mesa, CA), Tom Zerrusen 
(Teutopolis, IL), Rick Schwamle (Overland, MO), Matt 
Shapiro (Fort Lee, NJ), and Jim Speers (Niles, MI) for 
work on this problem. Thanks for all the diagrams and 
detailed explanations. Keep those solutions and problems 
coming. D 



\ 



92 AHOYl 



ni l i wr 



Attention new Ahoy! readers! You must read the following information very 

carefully prior to typing in programs listed in Ahoy.' Certain Commodore 

characters, commands, and strings of characters and commands will appear in 

a special format. Follow the instructions and listing guide on this page. 



n the following pages you'll find several pro- 
grams that you can enter on your Commo- 
dore computer. But before doing so, read this 

entire page carefully. 

To insure clear reproductions, Ahoyl's program listings 
are generated on a daisy wheel printer, incapable of print- 
ing the commands and graphic characters used in Com- 
modore programs. These are therefore represented 1:^ 
various codes enclosed in brackets [ ]. For example: the 
SHIFT CLR/HOME command is represented onscreen 
by a heart Q The code we use in our listings is 
[CLEAR]. The chart below lists all such codes which 
youll encounter in our listings, except for one other spe- 
cial case. 

The other special case is the COMMODORE and 
SHIFT characters. On the ftont of most fceys are two sym- 
bols. The symbol on the left is obtained by pressing that 
key while holding down the COMMODORE key; the 
symbol on the right, by pressing that key while holding 
down the SHIFT k^. COMMODORE and SHIFT char- 
acters are represented in our listings by a lower-case "s" 
or "c" followed by the symbol of the key you must hit. 
COMMODORE J, for example, is represented by [c J], 



and SHIFT J by [s J]. 

Additionally, any character that occurs more than two 
times in a row will be displayed ty a coded listing. For 
example, [3 "fLEFTlT would be 3 CuRSoR left com- 
mands in a row, [5 "[s EP]"] would be 5 SHIFTed En- 
glish Pounds, and so on. Multiple blank spaces will be 
noted in similar fashion: e.g., 22 spaces as [22 " "]. 

Sometimes you'll find a program line that's too long 
for the computer to accept {C-64 lines are a maximum 
of 80 characters, or 2 screen lines long; VIC 20 lines, 
a maximum of 88 characters, or 4 screen lines). To en- 
ter these lines, refer to the BASIC Commatxd Abbrevia- 
tions Appendix in your User Manual. 

On the next page youTl find our Bug Repellent pro- 
grams for the C-128 and C-64. The version appropri- 
ate for your machine will help you proofread our pro- 
grams after you type them. (Please note: the Bug Repel- 
lent line codes that follow each program line, in the 
whited-out area, should not be typed in. See the instruc- 
tions preceding each program.) 

Also on the following page you will find Flankspeed, 
our ML entry program, and instructions on its use. D 

Call Ahoy! at 212-239-0855 with any problems. 



Whni 








Vtu 


When 








Vki 


\iiu Sw 


It Miiins 


Vki T>pe \m Se« 


Viw.See 


Ir Mmos 


Mm T>p( 


■ H^l S«; 


[CLEAR] 


Si'm-n tlvar 


SHin 


(•|.r;hom»; 


m 


[BLACK] 


BbKk 


CNTRI, 


1 




[HOME] 


Htimr 




ll.K/HOMK 




[WHITE] 


Whiif 


INTRI. 


2 




[UP] 


furvtr I p 


SHin 


f (KSK i 




[RED] 


Kcd 


i-vnti. 


J 




[DOWN] 


fuiMir IkMn 




f C RSR ♦ 




[CYAN] 


V\m 


fNTRI- 


4 




[LEFT] 


(uivir U-ft 


SHiR 


-KH-SK-* 




[PURPLE] 


Piirpk- 


fvntu 


; 




[RIGHT] 


(urvM- Ki)!ht 




♦iusk* 




[GREEN] 


iitvtn 


{ VTKI. 


6 




[SS] 


Shinitl .SpiKY 


sum 


SpsHf 




[BLUE] 


miH' 


CNTRI. 


7 




[INSERT] 


InNrn 


SHII-T 


iNsi7i»:i, 




[YELLOW] 


^l'Ulr» 


(VI HI. 


X 




[DEL] 


\M>.Ak 




rNsTHW':!. 




[Fl] 


t'liruliiin 1' 




n 




[RVSON] 


KtmiV- (>n 


i-vim. 


9 




[F2] 


KiiiKlkiii 1 


SHin 


n 




[RVSOFF] 


Kiiifvi-Ofr. 


IVIHI. 


u 




[F3] 


KiimlHin i 




ry 




[UPARROW] 


I p- Amm 




♦ 


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[FA] 


Kum-lHHi 4 


SHIFT 


K3 




[BACKARROW] 


Hmk Amm 




* 


n 


[F5] 


KurKliiin 5 




K5 




[PI] 


PI 




■K 


8 


[F6] 


KunctMHi 6 


SHIFT 


KS 




[EP] 


l-jitiiiNh HHind 




t . 


8 


[F7] 


t-'uiHtitm 7 




§■7 




I 










[F8] 


FtiiHIiiin K 


SHUT 


n 




1 














AHOYI 


93 



* 



MM MMLUNT By MICHAIL KUINWr and DiMflD BMrnON 

Bug Repellent is a checksum program used for proofreading BASIC listings typed in from Ahoy! magazine. For each program line you enter, Bug Repellem 
will produce a two-letter ccxje chat should match the code listed beside that line in the magazine. 

Type in, save, and run the Bug Rtpetlenl. (If you have a C-64, type in the C-64 version. Ff you have a C-128, you will need to type in the C-64 version 
for use with C-64 programs, and the C-128 version for use with C-128 prcigrams.) If you have .typed in Bug Repellent properly, you will get the message BUG 
REPELLENT INSTALLED; otherwise you will get an error message. If you get an error message, double check the Bug Repellent program for typing mis- 
takes. Type NEW and hit RETURN. Then type in and save, or load, the A/icy! program you wish to check. Type in SYS 49152 for the C-64 version or SYS 
3072 for the 0-128 version and hit RETURN (this will begin execution of Bi4g Repellent) . You will see the prompt SCREEN OR PRINTER ? Hit S if you 
want the codes listed on the screen, or P if you want them listed on the printer. To pause the listing depress and hold the SHIFT key. 

Compare the codes your machine generates to those listed to the right of the corresponding program lines. If you spot a difference, that line contains an 
error. Write down the numbers of the lines where the contradictions occur. LIST each line, locate the errors, and correct them. 



COMMODORE 64 VERSION 

100 FOR X = 49152 TO 49488: READY :S-S+Y AB 

110 IF Y<0 OR Y>255 THEN 130 EA 

120 POKE X,Y:NEXT:G0T0140 ID 
130 PRINT"[CLEAR][DOWN]**ERROR**":PRINT"[D0WN 

JPLEASE CHECK LINE"PEEK(64)*256-i-PEEK(63):END ID 
140 IF S044677 THEN PRINT" [CLEAR ][ DOWN ]**ERR 
OR**":PRINT"[DQWN]PLEASE CHECK DATA LINES 170 

-500": END HJ 
150 FRINT"[CLEAR]":POKE53280,0:POKE53281,6:PO 

KE646,1 NP 
160 PRINT"[RVS0N][6" "]C-64 BUG REPEaENT INS 

TALLED[6" "]" LF 

170 DATA32, 161, 192, 165, 43, 133, 25 1,165, 44, 133 DL 

180 DATA252, 160, 0,132, 254, 32, 37, 193, 234, 177 DB 

190 DATA251,2r;8,3,76,138,192,230,251,208,2 OF 

2(/) DATA230,252,76,43,192,76,73,78,69,32 KN 

210 DATA35, 32, 0,169, 35, 160, 192, 32, 30, 171 CA 

220 DATA 160, 0, 1 77, 251, 170, 230, 25 l,2fj8, 2, 230 CE 

230 DATA252, 177, 251, 32, 205, 189, 169, 58, 32, 210 JE 

240 DATA255, 169, 0,133, 253, 230, 254, 32, 37. 193 CL 

250 DATA234. 165, 253, 160, 0,76, 13, 193, 133, 253 NB 

260 DATA177, 251, 208, 237, 165, 253, 41, 240, 74, 74 MB 

270 DATA74,74,24, 105,65,32,210,255, 165,253 EP 

280 DATA 41,15.24,105,65,32,210,255,169,13 GH 

290 DATA32, 220, 192, 230, 63. 208, 2. 230. 64. 230 AN 

3f/J DATA251,208,2,230,252,76,n,-192.169,153 NG 

310 DATA160. 192, 32, 30, 171, 166, 63, 165, 64, 76 BF 

320 DATA231,192,96,76,73,78,69,83,58,32 EP 

330 DATAO, 169, 247, 160, 192, 32, 30, 171. 169, 3 P.I 

340 DATA133, 254, 32, 228, 255, 201, 83, 240, 6, 201 FK 

350 DATA80,2rj8.245,230,254,32,210,255,169,4 FL 

360 DATA 166. 254, 160, 255, 32, 186, 255, 169, 0,133 CL 

370 DATA63, 133, 64, 133, 2, 32, 189, 255. 32, 192 GC 

380 DATA255, 166, 254, 32, 201, 255, 76, 73, 193, 96 NN 

390 DATA32, 210, 255, 173, 141, 2, 41, 1,208, 249 NH 

¥/} DATA 96, 32, 205, 189, 169, 13, 32, 21 0,255, 32 IM 

410 DATA204, 255, 169, 4, 76, 195, 255, 147, 83, 67 KC 

420 DATA82, 69, 69, 78, 32, 79, 82, 32, 80, 82 DC 

430 DATA 73,78,84,69,82,32,63,32,0.76 ML 

440 DATA44, 193, 234, 177, 251, 201, 32. 240, 6, 138 GN 

450 DATA113, 251, 69, 254, 170, 138. 76, 88, 192,0 JK 

460 DATAO, 0,0, 230, 251, 208, 2, 230, 252, 96 NA 

470 DATA170,177,251.201,34,2r>8,6,165,2,73 DM 

480 DATA255. 133, 2, 165,2,208,218,177,251,201 JA 

490 DATA32, 208, 212, 198, 254, 76, 29, 193, 0,169 FM 

500 DATAn, 76, 210, 255,0,0,0 PA 

COMMODORE 128 VERSION 

•100 FAST: FOR X = 3072 TO 3520: READ YrPOKE X.Y 

:S=S+Y:TRAP110:NEXT:SL0W IH 

•110 SLOW:IF SO49057 THEN PRINT" [CLEAR] [DOWN] 
♦*ERROR**":PRINT"[DOWN]PLEASE CHECK DATA LINE 
S 140-390": END JA 



120 PRINT" [CLEAR] [DOWN] C-128 BUG REPELLENT 
INSTALLED" II 

130 PRINT" [4" "]TYPE SYS 3072 TO ACTIVATE" IN 
140 DATA 32,161,12,165,45,133,251,165,46,133, 
252,160,0,132,254,32.37 OF 

150 DATA 13,234,177,251,208,3,76,138,12,230,2 
51,208.2,230,252,76.43 NC 

160 DATA 12,76,73.78.69.32,35,32,0,169,35,160 
,12.32,80,13,160,0,177 OL 

170 DATA 251, 170, 230, 251, 2rj8, 2, 230, 252, 177, 25 
1,32,89.13.169,58,32,98 EF 

180 DATA 13,169,0,133,253,230,254,32,37,13,23 
4,165,253,160.0,76,13 JO 

190 DATA 13,133,253,177,251,208,237.165,253,4 
1,240,74,74,74,74,24 LC 

200 DATA 105,65,32,98,13,165,253,41.15,24,105 
.65,32.98,13,169,13,32 DE 

210 DATA 220, 12, 230, 65, 2r>8, 2, 230, 66. 230, 251,2 
08,2,230,252,76,11,12 GM 

220 DATA 169,153,160.12,32,80,13,166,65,165,6 
6, 76, 231, 12,%, 76, 73, 78 CP 

230 DATA 69,83,58,32,0,169,247,160,12,32,80,1 
3,169,3,133,254,32,107 HC 

240 DATA 13,201,83,240,6,201,80,208,245,230,2 
54,32,98,13,169,4,166 GK 

250 DATA 254, 16fj, 255, 32, 116, 13, 169, 0.133, 65,1 
33,66,133,250,32,125,13 LB 

260 DATA 32,134,13,166,254,32.143.13,76,73,13 
,96,32,98,13,165.211 JF 

270 DATA 234, 41, l,2rj8, 249, 96, 32, 89, 13, 169, 13. 
32,98,13,32.152,13.169,4 CD 

280 DATA 76.161,13.147,83,67,82,69,69,78,32,7 
9,82,32,80,82,73.78,84.69 PL 

290 DATA 82,32,63,32,0,76,44,13,234,177,251,2 
01,32,240,6.138.113,251,69 OK 

3r/j DATA 254,170,138,76,88,12,0,0,0,0,230,251 
,208,2,230,252,96,170.177 FJ 

310 DATA 251, 201, 34, 2r;8, 6, 165, 250, 73, 255, 133, 
250,165,250,208.218.177 GA 

320 DATA 251,201,32.208,212,198.254,76,29,13, 
0.169,13,76,98,13,0,0,32 FI 

330 DATA 170.13.32,226,85,76.180,13,32,170,13 
,32,5fM42,76,18fM3,32 OF 

340 DATA 170,13,32,210,255,76,180,13,32,170,1 
3,32,228,255.76. 18fj, 13,32 AK 

350 DATA 170,13,32,186,255,76,180,13,32,170,1 
3,32,189.255 BP 

360 DATA 76,180,13,32,170,13,32,192.255.76,18 
0,13,32,170,13 FP 

370 DATA 32,201.255,76,180,13,32,170,13,32.20 
4,255,76,180,13,32,170 ID 

380 DATA 13,32,195,255,76,180,13,133,67,169,0 
,141,0.255.165,67,96 BJ 

39^j DATA 133,67.169,0,141,1,255,165,67,96,0,0 
,0 IF 



94 AHOYl 



II 

IN 
OF 
NC 



FLANKSPEED FOR THE C-64 By GORDON F. WHEAT 

Flankspeed will allow you to enter machine language Ahoy! programs without any mistakes. Once you have typed the program 
in, save it for future use. While entering an ML program with Flankspeed there is no need to enter spaces or hit the carriage 
return. This is all done automatically. If you make an error in a line a bell will ring and you will be asked to enter it again. 
To LOAD in a program Saved with Flankspeed use LOAD "name"I,l for tape, or LOAD "name'S.l for disk. The function keys 
may be used after the starting and ending addresses have been entered, 
fl —SAVES what you have entered so for. 
fJ-LGADs in a program worked on previously. 

fS-To continue on a line you stopped on after LOADing in the previous saved work. 

f 7- Scans through the program to locate a particular line, or to find out where you stopped the last time you entered the program. 
f7 temporarily freezes the output as well. 



•ino POKE53280,12:POKE53281,ll 

•105 PRINT"[CLEAR][c 8][RVS0N][ 15" "]FLANKSPEED[ 15" ")"; 

•110 PEINT"[RVS0N][5" " IWSTAKEPROOF ML ENTRY PR0GRAMf6" 



"JCREATED BY G. F 
"]COPR. 1984, ION 



. WHEAT[9" "]" 
INTERNATIONAL INC. 



•115 PRINT"[RVS0N)(9" 

•120 PRINT"[RVS0N]I3" 

•125 FORA=54272T05A296:POKEA,0:NEXT 

•130 P0KE54272,4:POKE5A273,48:POKE54277,0:P0KE54278,249:PO 

KE54296,15 

• 135 FOR A=68fjT0699;READB:P0KEA.B: NEXT 
•140 DATA169. 251, 166, 253, 164,254,32,216,255,96 
■145 DATA169, 0,156, 251, 164, 252, 32, 213, 255, 96 
•150 B$=*'STARTING ADDRESS IN HEX":G0SUB430:AD=B:SR=B 
•155 GOSUB48fJ:IFB=''/rHEN150 

'W> POKE251,T(4)+Tf3)*16:POKE252,T(2)+T(l)*16 
•165 B$="ENDING ADDRESS IN HEX":GOSUB430;EN=B 
•170 G0SUB470:IFB»fJTHEN150 
•175 POKE254.T(2)+T(l)+16:B=T(4)+l+T(3)*16 
•180 IFB>255THENB=B-255:P0KE254,PEEK(254)+1 
•185 POKE253,BtPRINT 
•190 REM GET HEX LINE 

■195 G0SUBA95: PRINT": [c P ] [ LEFT ] " ; : F0RA=W08 
•2'f) F0RB=f/rOl:G0T0250 
•205 NEXTB 

•210 A%(A)=T{l)+T(0)*16:IFA[>+A-l=fENTHEN340 
•215 PRINT" [c P][LEFT]"; 
•220 NEXTA:T=AD-(INT(AD/256)*256):PRINT" " 
•225 F0RA=f/T07 :T=T+AZ{ A) : IFT>255THENT-T-255 
•230 NEXT 

■235 IFA%(8)<>rrHENG0SUB375:G0T0195 
•240 F0RA=f/r07:P0KEAD+A,A%(A):NEXT:AD=AD+8:G0T0195 
•245 REM GET HEX INPUT 
■250 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN250 
•255 IFA$=CHR$(20)THEN305 
■260 IFA$=CHR${133)THEN535 
•265 IFA$=CHR${134)THEN560 
•270 IFA$=CHR$C135)THENPRINT" ":GOT0620 
•275 IFA$=CHR$(136)THENPRINT" ":GOT0635 
•28fJ IFA$>"@"ANDA$<"G"THENT(B)=ASC(A$)-55:GOT0295 
•285 iFA$>"/"ANDA$<":"THENT(B)=ASC(A$)-48:G0T0295 
•29^j GOSUB415:G0TO250 
•295 PRINTA$"[c P](LEFT]"; 
•3r/J GOT0205 
•305 IFA>f/rHEN320 
•310 A=-1:IFB=1THEN330 
-315 GOTO220 

•320 IFB«r/rHENPRINTCHR$(20);CHR$(20); :A=A-1 

■325 A=A-1 

■330 PRINTCHR$(20)!:GOT0220 

■335 REM LAST LINE 

•340 PRINT" ":T=AD-(INT(AD/256)*256) 

•345 FORB=fjTOA-l :T=T+A%(B) :IFT>255THENT=T-255 

•350 NEXT 

•355 IFA%(A)O'ITHENG0SUB375:G0T0195 

•360 FOR3=W0A-1:P0i;EAD+B,A%(B):NEXT 

•365 PRINT:PRINT"YOU ARE FINISHEDt":GOT0535 

•370 REM BELL AND ERROR MESSAGES 

•375 PRINT:PRINT"LINE ENTERED INC0RRECTLY":PRINT;G0T0415 

•380 PRINT: PRINr'INPUT A 4 DIGIT HEX VALUE!":G0T0415 

■385 PRINT: PRINT"ENDING IS LF^S THAN STARTING !":B-0:GOrO41 



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KE 

LO 

EE 

MN 

GE 

HN 

IL 

NH 

MP 

ME 

LE 

IK 

PD 

U 

lA 

LE 

BI 

AB 

HK 

HP 

KH 

JM 

EG 

AB 

DL 

HD 

JJ 

OA 

CF 

PG 

01 

BM 

HG 

BE 

LK 

AD 

GJ 

PL 

lA 

NF 

HN 

JA 

FL 

DA 

FF 



■390 PRINT :PRINT"ADDRESS NOT WITHIN SPECIFIED RANGE!":B=0: 
G0T0415 

■395 PRINT: PRINT"NOT ZERO PAGE OR R0M!":B=0:G0T0415 
•400 PRINT"?ERROR IN SAVE":G0T0415 
•405 PRINT"?ERROR IN L0AD":GOTO415 
•410 PRINT:PRINT:PRINT"END OF ML AREA":PRINT 
•415 POKE54276,17:POKE54276,16:RETURN 
•420 OPEN15,8,l5:INPUT#15,A,A$:CLOSE15.:PRINTA$;RETURN 
•425 REM GET FOUR DIGIT HEX 
•430 PRINT :PRINTB$;:INPUTT$ 
•435 IFLEN(T$)<>4THENGOStlB38O:G0TO430 

•440 F0RA=1T04:A$=MID$(T$.A,1):G0SUB450:IFT(A)=16THENG0SUB 
380:GOT0430 

■445 NEXT:B=CT(l)*4fj96)-f(T(2)*256)+{T(3)*16)+T(4):RETURN 
- 450 IFA$>"r' ANDA$<"G"THENT( A )=ASC( A$ ) -55 : RETURN 
•455 IFA$y7"ANDA$<":"THENT{A)-ASC(A$)-48:RETURN 
•460 T(A)=16:RETURN 
■465 REM ADR ESS CHECK 
■470 IFAD>ENTHEN385 
•475 IFB<SR0RB>ENTHEN390 

•480 IFB<256OR(B>40960ANDB<49152)ORB>53247THEN395 
-485 RETURN 

•490 REM ADDRESS TO HEX 
•495 AC-AD: A=4f/96:GOSUB520 
•5^/j A=256:GOS11B520 
•505 A=16:GOSUB520 
-510 A=1:GOSUB520 
•515 RETURN 

■520 T-INT(AC/A):IFT>9THENA$=CHR$(T+55):GOT0530 
•525 A$=CHR${T+48) 
•530 PRINTA$;:AC=AC-A*T:RETURN 
•535 A$-"**SAVE**":GOSUB585 
•540 0PEN1,T,1,A$:SYS680:CL0SE1 
•545 IFST-WHENEND 
•550 GOSUB4rjfj;IFT=8THENG0SUB420 
•555 GOT0535 

•560 A$="**LOAD**":GOSUB585 
•565 OPENl,T,0,A$:SYS690:CLOSEl 
•570 IFST=64THEN195 
•575 G0SUB405:IFr=8THENG0SUB420 
■580 G0T0560 

•585 PRINT" ";PRINTTAB(14)A$ 
•590 PRINT;A$="":INPUr'FILENAME";A$ 
•595 IFA$=""THEN590 

•600 PRINT: PRINT"TAPE OR DISK?":PRINT " 
•6i'j5 GETB$:T=1:IFB$="D"THENT=8:A$="§'■J:"■^A$:RETURN 

•610 IFB$<>"T"THEN605 
-615 RETURN 

-620 B$="C0NTINUE FROM ADDRESS" :G0SUB430:AD-B 
•625 GOSUB475:IFB=WHEN620 
•630 PRINT:GOT0195 

•635 B$="6EGIN SCAN AT ADDRESS" :G0SUB430;AD=B 
•640 G0SUB475:IFB=rjTHEN635 
•645 PRINT:GOT0670 

-650 F0RB=r/TO7:AC-PEEK(AD+B):G0SUB505:IFAD+B=ENTHENAD=SR;G 
OSUB410:GOT0195 
■655 PRINT" ";:NEXTB 
•660 PRINT:AD=ACH-8 
•665 GETB$:IFBJ=CHR$(136)THEN195 
•670 GOSUB495:PRINT": "::G0TO650 



HD 

OK 
FN 
PP 
PO 
P6 
BH 
IM 
PC 
GH 
NP 

FJ 
GF 
EH 
KP 
KP 
LI 
LB 
EC 
MG 
IM 
EB 
FD 
P£ 
MI 
IL 
IM 
PE 
JP 
AC 
LH 
LB 
BO 
CM 
CL 
NB 
MP 
LC 
AN 

a 

FG 
OM 

m 

OF 
IG 
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OB 
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H 



i 



AHOY! 95 



FROM PAGE 37 



•10 TRAP1690 KJ 

•20 REM ****+*************+***+****** KF 

•30 REM * INFOFLOW * EI 

•AO REM * BY CLEVE BLAKEMORE * HG 

•50 REM * DATABASE FOR THE C128 * AO 

•60 REM ***************************** KF 

• 70 FAST : C0L0R4 , 13 : P0RX=358AT04096 : READA : 
P0KEX,A:NEXT HP 

•80 COLORO, 1 :C0L0R4, 12 :C0L0R5,7 rCOLORl , 15 
:PRINTCHR$(14)CHR$(11):GRAPHIC 2,1,25 PH 

• 90 RESTORE2630 : FORI= . T063 : READA : A$=A$+CH 
R$(A):NEXTI:I=FRE(.):SPRSAV1,B$:SPRSAVA$ 
,1:SPRSAV1,A$:SPRSAVB$,1 JA 

• 100 SPRITEl ,1,16,,,,. :M0VSPR1 , 160, 150: GS 
HAPEA$,270,ir/j PE 

•110 REST0RE2720:F0RX=2T08:SPRITEX,1,7,,, 
, . t NEXT : F0RX=2T08 : READA , I : MOVSPRX , A , I : BO 
XI, A-29, 1-55, A+5, 1-25: NEXT :DRAW1,0,78T03 
20,78 PE 

•120 CHAR1,0,0,CHR$(14)+" *[12" "][s I]N 
F0[s F]L0W[14" "]* ",1 BB 

•130 CHARl,2,6,CHR$(14)+"[s S]AVE[6" "][s 
N]EW[6" "][s D]ELETE[4" "][s V]IEW-[s A 
]DD" EG 

•140 CHARl,2,7,CHR$(14)+"[s L]0AD[6" "][s 
F]ILE[5" "j[s R]EC0RD[5" "][s R]EC0RD" DO 

•150 CHARl,2,16,CHR$(14)+"[s S]0RT[4" "][ 
s S]EARCH[5" "][s H]ARDC0PY[3" "][s C]UR 
RENT":CHARl,32,17,CHR$(14)+"[s R]EC0RDr' LL 

•160 C0L0R1,12:CHAR1,0,20,CHR$(14)+" * [ 
s B]Y [s CJLEVELAND [s M]. [s BJLAKEMORE 
[11" '*]",! GK 

•170 CHARl,0,22,CHR$(14)+"[3" "][s S][s P 

][s A][s C][s E][SS][s I][s N][SS][s M][ 

s E][s M][s 0][s R][s Y][SS][s F][s 0][s 

R][7" "][s R]EC0RDS ! ":COL0Rl ,7:CHAR1 

,16,24," QUIT ",1:SL0W MD 

•180 TRAP 1690: COLLI SIGN 1,1 650 :V=53248:M$= 
"[3"[D0WN]"][c 5] [s N]0 [s F]ILE IN [s 
M]EM0RY!":MC$="t3"[D0WN]"][c 5] [s F]ILE 
[s C]URRENTLY IN [s M ] EMORY !":CHAR1, 23, 
22, "[5" "]":DIMB0(7) PL 

•190 F0RX=0T07:B0(X)=2[UPARR0W]X:NEXT:TL= 
.:EF=.:CR=.:X=.:Y=.:A=.:B=.:G=.:C=.:0=.: 
I=.:J=.:N=.:RL%=.:FT$="":CR$=CHR$(13):A$ 
="":B$="":M=.:K=.:L=.:F=. HK 

• 200 SOUNDl , 15000 , 20 ,0 , 5000 , 5000 , 1 : IFJOY( 
2)THEN200 OB 

•210 G=BUMP(1):D0:D0:A=J0Y(2):IFA=.THENL0 
0P:ELSEB=AAND15:I=(B-1)*45:M0VSPR1,-6*(B 
<>0);I:A=J0Y(2):L00PWHILEA=B:IF(AAND128) 
THENEXIT:ELSEL00P BF 

• 220 SOUNDl , 1 5000 , 20 , , 5000 , 5000 , 1 : X=RSPP 
0S( 1 , 0) : Y=RSPP0S (1,1): IFX>270ANDX<320AND 

96 AHOYt 



AD 



CI 



JB 



DO 
BG 

BB 
BO 
EB 



PF 

LK 
JM 

LD 

PE 



Y>130ANDY<200THENGOSUB1370:C=. :0=. :G=BUM 
P(1):G0T0200 

• 230 IFY>234THENBEGIN : SOUNDl , 25000, 50 ,0,2 
000,2000,0:COLOR1,15:CHAR1,16,24." QUIT 
? ",1:D0:L00PUNTILJ0Y(2)=. 

•240 DO:IFJOY(2)>127THENGRAPHICO:POKEV+21 
, . :COLOR0, 12:COL0R5, 14:C0L0R4, 14:PRINTCH 
R$(12)CHR$(142)CHR$(19)CHR$(19)CHR$(147) 
:END 

•250 L00PUNTILJ0Y(2)ANDJ0Y(2)<128:C0L0R1, 
7:CHAR1,16,24," QUIT ",1:0=. :G=. :C=.:G 
0T0210 

•260 BEND 

• 270 0NCG0SUB290 , 570 , 680 , 910 , 1040 , 1 180 , 12 
30 

•280 G0T0200 

•290 REM SAVE/LOAD FILE 

• 300 GOSUB1520 : GRAPHICO : PRINT" [ CLEAR ] [ BLU 
E]":WINDOWl,2,39,24,l:DIRECTORY"[s I][s 
F]*":WINDOWl,l,39,l,l:PRINT"[RVSON][c 8] 
[s S][RVSOFF]AVE OR [RVSON][s L][RVSOFF] 
OAD?[BLUE]"; 

•310 P0KE208, . :DO:GETKEYA$:LOOPUNTILA$="S 

"ORA$="L" 

•320 IFA$="L"THEN420 
•330 REM SAVE CURRENT FILE TO DISK 
•340 IFEF=.THENPRINT" [s N]0 [s F]ILE IN 

[ s M ] EMORY ! " ; : SLEEPS : GOSUB1500 : RETURN 
•350 WIND0W0,l,39,l,l:PRINT"[H0ME][c 8] [ 

s S][s A][s V][s I][s N][s G] [s F][s II 

[s L][s E] [BLUE]";FT$;CHR$(I55);:A$=FT$MH 
•360 SCRATCH" [s I][s F]["+A$:DOPEN#l,"[s 

I ] [ s F] [ "+A$+" ,W" : IFDS>20THENPRINT" [RICH 

T]"DS$; :SLEEP5:GOSUB1500:DCLOSE#1: RETURN HM 
•370 J=EF-1:PRINT#1,RL%;CR$;TL;CR$;J;CR$; 

N;CR$;Fr$:FORX=lTON:PRINT#l,N$(X);CR$;L% 

(X):NEXT 
•380 F0RJ=1T0EF-1:F0RI=1T0N:PRINT#1,R$(J, 

I):NEXTI,J 
•390 DCL0SE#1 
•400 G0T0550 
•410 REM LOAD NEW FILE 
•420 IFEFTHENPRINT" [s F]ILE IN [s M]EM0R 

Y!"; :SLEEP5:GOSUB1500: RETURN 
•430 WINDOWO, 1,39, 1,1: PRINT" [c 8] [s F]IL 

ENAME [BLUE]"; :A=10:G0SUB1560:A$=IN$:PRI 

NTCHR$(155) 

•440 DOPEN#l,"[s I][s F]["+A$+",R" 
• 450 IFDS>20THENPRINT" [ RIGHT ] "DS$ ; : SLEEPS 

: GOSUBl 500 : DCLOSE# 1 : RETURN 
•460 INPUT#1,RL%,TL,EF,N,FT$ 
•470 DIMR$(TL,N),N$(N),L%(N) 
•480 F0RI=1T0N:INPUT#1,N$(I):INPUT#1,L%(I 

) 
•490 NEXT 
•500 F0RJ=1T0EF 
•510 FORI=ITON 
•520 GET#1,A$:IPA$<>CR$THENR$(J,I)=R$(J,I 



OP 

PB 
GD 
CK 
OC 

CH 



01 

FD 

GG 
IN 
AC 

CP 

lA 
NC 
KJ 



AD 



CI 



JB 



)+A$:G0T0520 EI 

•530 NEXTI,J:EF=EF+1:CR=1 OE 

•540 DCL0SE#1 GD 

•550 WINDOWO, 1,39 ,1,1: PRINT" [ RIGHT] "DS$; BN 
•560 SLEEP5:G0SUB1 500: RETURN JH 

•570 REM INITIALIZE NEW FILE EP 

• 580 GOSUBl 520 : IFEFTHENPRINT" [ DOWN ] [ DOWN ] 
";MC$: SLEEPS :G0SUB1500: RETURN BF 

•590 RLZ=.:TL=.: PRINT" [c 8] [s F]ILENAME 
[BLUE]"; :A=10:GOSUB1560:FT$=IN$ CJ 
•600 PRINT"[s N]UMBER OF FIELDS ";:A=2:G0 
SUB1560:N=VAL(IN$) : IFN<10RN>20THENPRINTC 
HR$(145)CHR$(27)"J"CHR$(27)"Q";:G0T0600: 
ELSE DIMN$(N),L%(N) BC 

•610 F0RX=1T0N: PRINT" [s N]AME [s F]IELD # 
";X;" ";:A=39:G0SUB1560:N$(X)=IN$ JN 
•620 A$="": PRINT" [s L]ENGTH [s F]IELD #"; 
X;" ";:A=3:G0SUB1560:A$=IN$:IFVAL(A$)>.A 
NDVAL(A$)<256THENL%(X)=ABS(VAL(A$)):ELSE 
PRINT"[s D]EFAULT (160) !":L%(X)=160 CH 
•630 RL%=RL%+L%(X):NEXT OF 

•640 RL%=RL%+3*(N+1)+5:TL=INT(FRE(1)/RL%) 

:EF=2:DIMR$(TL,N) DH 

•650 PRINT" [s T]HIS FILE WILL PERMIT AT L 
EAST" : PRINT" [ RVSON ] " ; INT( FRE( 1 ) /RL%) ; " [ R 
VSOFF ] [ s R ] ECORDS . " : PRINT" [ DOWN ] [ DOWN ] [ R 
VSON][s A][RVSOFF]CCEPT OR [RVSON] [s R][ 
RVSOFF] EJECT?" A J 

•660 GETKEYA$:IFA$<>"A"ANDA$<>"R"THEN660 DF 
•670 IFA$="R"THENC0LLISI0N1:EF=. tGOSUB150 
0:RUN180:ELSEPRINT"[D0WN][s E]MPTY [s F] 
ILE [s C]REATED.":CR=1: SLEEPS: GOSUBl 500: 
RETURN KE 

■680 REM DELETE RECORD(S) KK 

• 690 GOSUBl 520 : IFEF= .THENPRINTM$ : SLEEPS : G 
OSUBl 500: RETURN :ELSEPRINT"[c 8] [ RVSON] [s 
C][RVSOFF]URRENT [s R]ECORD, [RVSON] [s S 
][RVSOFF]CAN [s F]ILE,OR [RVSON][s A][RV 
SOFF]LL?" IE 

• 700 GETKEY A$ : IFA$<>"C"ANDA$<>"S" ANDA$<>" 
A"THEN700 IG 

•710 SOUNDl, 25000, 25, 0,2000, 3000,1 NH 
•720 IFA$=" A"THENBEGIN : PRINT" [ DOWN ] [ DOWN ] 
[s D][s E][s L][s E][s T][s E][SS][s A][ 
s L][s L][SS][s R][s E][s C][s 0][s R][s 
D][s S]![s A][s R][s E][SS][s Y][s 0][s 
U][SS][s S][s U][s R][s E]?([s Y]/[s N] 
) " : DO: GETKEYA$ : LOOPUNTILA$="Y"ORA$="N" : I 
FA$="Y"THENEF=. 

: COLLISIONl : G0SUB1490 : RUN180 : ELSE900 MJ 
•730 BEND BG 

•740 IFA$="C"THENBEGIN PH 

•750 PRINT" [DOWN] [DOWN] [s D][s E][s L][s 
E][s T][s I][s N][s G][^".']": SOUNDl, 250 
00,15,0,3000,8000,1 GK 

•760 F0RI=1T0N:R$(CR,I)="":NEXT:F0RX=1T0E 
F-1:IFR$(X,1)=""THENF0RI=1T0N:R$(X,I)=R$ 
(X+1,I):R$(X+1,I)="":NEXTI:NEXTX:ELSENEX 



TX GA 

•770 IFEF>1ANDEF<>CRTHENEF=EF-1 HB 
•780 PRINT" [DOWN] [DOWN ][s @] [s R][s E][s 
C][s 0][s R][s D][SS]#";CR;"DELETED.":S 
LEEP3 : IFA$=" [ s D ] "THENRETURN : ELSEG0T09r/j DL 
•790 BEND BG 

•800 IFA$="S"THENBEGIN AH 

•810 PRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(19)CHR$(147);:PRIN 
T"[RVS0N] [BLUE] [DOWN ][s S][s H][s I][s F 
][s T]-[s E] TO [s E]XIT,[s S][s H][s I] 
[s F][s T]-[s D] TO [s D][s E][s L][s E] 
[s T][s E] RECORD" CO 

•820 WIND0W1,2,39,24,1 DH 

•830 DO:PRINTCHR$(147);:GOSUB1540 DL 
•840 GETA$:IFJOY(2)=.ANDA$=""THEN840 GO 
•850 IFJ0Y(2)=3THENCR=CR+1 :IFCR>EFrHENCR= 
EF DC 

•860 IFJ0Y(2)=7THENCR=CR-1:IFCR<1THENCR=1 AC 
•870 IFA$="[s D]"THENG0SUB750 KB 

•880 L00PUNTILA$="[s E]" CB 

•890 BEND BG 

•900 GOSUBl 500: RETURN DK 

•910 REM VIEW RECORD(S) CL 

•920 GOSUBl 520 : IFEF= . THENPRINTM$ : SLEEPS : G 
OSUB1500: RETURN EH 

•930 G0SUB940: GOSUBl 500: RETURN JA 

•940 GOSUBl 540 :SLEEP1 NI 

•9S0 IFJ0Y(2)=.THEN950 AB 

•960 IFJ0Y(2)>127THENRETURN HA 

•970 IFJOY ( 2 ) =3THENCR=CR+ 1 : IFCR>EFTHENCR= 
EF DC 

•980 IFJ0Y(2)=7THENCR=CR-1:IFCR<1THENCR=1 AC 
•990 IFJOY ( 2)=1THENBEGIN: SOUNDl , 180%, 10, 
1 , 200rj, 50f/j, 2: PRINTCHR$( 19)CHR$( 17) ; :FOR 
X=1T0N: PRINT" [c 8]";N$(X) ;"[BLUE][RIGHT] 
"; OJ 

•lOOrj A=L%(X+1):IN$=" ":G0SUB1S70:IFIN$<> 
" "THENR$(CR,X)=MID$(IN$,2) BB 

•1010 NEXT:IFCR=EFANDR$(CR,1)<>""THENEF=C 
R+1 : IFEF>TLTHENEF=TL CK 

•1020 BEND BG 

•1030 PRINTCHR$(147);:G0T0940 NE 

•1040 REM SORT RECORDS AO 

•1050 REM ("[s S]HELL [s M]ETZNER [s A]LG 
ORITHM") OJ 

• 1060 GOSUBl 520 : IFEF= .THENPRINTM$ : SLEEPS : 
G0SUB1500: RETURN EH 

•1070 DO: PRINT" [c 8] [CLEAR] [s S]ORT USING 
[s F]IELD?(1 ><";N;")";:INPUTA$:IFA$="" 
THENX=1 : EXIT : ELSEX=V AL( A$ ) : LOOPUNTILX> . A 
NDX<=N :M=EF-1 : PRINT : PRINT" [ DOWN ][ DOWN ][ s 
S]TAND BY-[s S]ORTING [s F]ILE!" JN 
1080 SLEEPS: FAST JM 

1090 M=INT(M/2):IFM=.THEN1170 JP 

1100 K=(EF-1)-M:J=1 EA 

1110 I=J EA 

1120 COLOR4,(JAND15)+l:L=I+M:IFR$(I,X)<= 
R$(L,X)THEN1150 AG 

AHOY! 97 



•1130 F0RR=1T0N:A$=R$(I,R):R$(I,R)=R$CL,R 

):R$(L,R)=A$:NEXT CK 

•lUO I=I-M:IFI>=ITHEN1120 HM 

•1150 J=J+1:IFJ>KTHEN1090 NE 

•1160 GOTOlllO FC 

•1170 C0L0R4, 12 : SLOW: PRINT" [DOWN] [DOWN] [s 
@] [s S][s 0][s R][s T][SS][s C][s 0][s 
M][s P][s L][s E][s T][s E][s D].":SLEE 
P5:G0SUB1 500: RETURN PC 

•1180 REM SEARCH RECORDS, FIND STRING CN 

• 1 190 GOSUB1520 : IFEF= .THENPRINTM$ : SLEEP5 : 
GOSUB 1500: RETURN EH 

•1200 WINDOWl, 1,39, 1,1: PRINT" [c 8][s S]EA 
RCH [s S]TRING:[BLUE]";:A=23:G0SUB1560:A 
$=IN$ AC 

•1210 PRINT"[c 8][s S]EARCHING[3"."]";:WI 
ND0W1,2,39,24,1:F0RJ=1T0EF-1:F0RI=1T0N:I 
FINSTR(R$(J,I),A$)THENCR=J:G0SUB940:CR=JLK 

• 1 220 NEXTI . J : PRINT" [ HOME ] [ HOME ] [ CLEAR ] [ c 

8][D0WN][RIGHT][s S]EARCH COMPLETED.";: 
SLEEP3:G0SUB15r/j: RETURN OG 

•1230 REM HARDCOPY OD 

• 1 240 G0SUB1520 : IFEF= . THENPRINTM$ : SLEEP5 : 
G0SUB1500 : RETURN : ELSEPRINT" [ RVSON ] [ BLUE ] 

[3"*"][4" "][s LjINE [s R]ANGE FOR [s H 
]ARDC0PY[4" "][3"*"] " DA 

•1250 WINDOWl, 3, 39, 3, 1:A$="": INPUT" [c 8][ 
s F ] ROM : " : A$ : IFA$=""THENF=1 : ELSEF=VAL( A$ 
) OD 

•1260 IFF<10RF>EFTHEN1250 HG 

•1270 WINDOWl, 4, 39, 4, 1:A$="": INPUT" [s T]0 
: " ; A$ : IFA$=""THENL=EF-1 : ELSEL=V AL( A$ ) HH 

•1280 IFL<10RL>EFrHEN1270:ELSEIFL<FTHEN12 
50 PE 

•1290 PRINT" [HOME] [HOME] ":PRINT"[c 8][3"[ 
DOWN]"]rs @] [s P][s R][s I][s N][s T][s 
I][s N][s G] [s F][s I][s L][s E] ";FT$ 
:GRAPHICO ED 

1300 0PEN4,4,7:CMD4 JP 

1310 : DI 

1320 F0RJ=FT0L:CR=J:G0SUB1 540: PRINT: NEXT MC 
1330 PRINT#4,"" EK 

1340 CL0SE4,4 DN 

1350 PRINT"[c 8][3"[D0WN]"]ts (3] [s D][s 
0][s N][s E].":SLEEP3 IE 

1360 GOSUBl 500: RETURN DK 

1370 REM GET RECORD NUMBER IN I NO 
1380 IFEF=.THENRETURN DO 

1390 IFJOY(2)THEN1390 FH 

1400 G0SUB1480 GC 

1410 IFJ0Y(2)=3THENCR=CR+1 BN 

1420 IFJOY(2)=5THENCR=CR-10 FK 

1430 IFJOY(2)=7THENCR=CR-l EI 

1440 IFJ0Y(2)=1THENCR=CR+10 HB 

1450 IFCR<1THENCR=1:ELSEIFCR>EFTHENCR=EF FE 
1460 IFJ0Y(2)>127THENM0VSPR1,160,150:RET 
URN GL 

1470 G0T01400 FO 

98 AHOYI 



•1480 C0L0R1,16:CHAR1,32,18,"[6" "]":IFEF 
THENA$=STR$(CR):CHAR1,32,18,A$:RETURN:EL 
SERETURN HP 

•1490 REM SWITCH BACK TO COMMAND SCREEN GG 
•1500 GRAPHIC2,0,25:M0VSPR1,160,150:P0KEV 
+21,255:CHAR1,23,22,"[6" "]":GOSUB1480:I 
FEFTHENA$=STR$ ( INT( FRE( 1 ) /RL%) ) : CHARl , 22 
, 22, A$: RETURN: ELSE RETURN PB 

•1510 REM SWITCH TO TEXT GB 

•1520 PRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(19)CHR$C147):WIND 
OW 1,1,39,24,1:GRAPHIC2,0,1:P0KEV+21,0:R 
ETURN ED 

•1530 REM CHROUT ONE RECORD AE 

•1540 PRINT"[c 8][RVS0N] [s R][s E][s C][ 
s 0][s R][s D][SS]#";CR;"IN [s F][s I][s 
L][s E][SS]";FT$:F0RX=1T0N: PRINT" [c 8]" 
;N$(X);": ";"[BLUE]";R$(CR,X):NEXT:RETUR 
N CP 

•1550 REM TAMPERPROOF INPUT KE 

•1560 PRINTCHR$(27);"Q";:IN$="" OA 
•1570 P0KE208,.:P0KE244,1 DH 

•1580 GETZ$:Z=ASC(Z$):IFZ=.0R(Z>95ANDZ<19 
3)0RZ>218THENP0KE244, .: PRINT" [RVSON] [LE 
FT ] [ RVSOFF ] " ; : P0KE244 , 1 : G0T01580 CJ 
•1590 ZL=LEN(IN$):IFZL=ATHEN1610 PN 
•1600 IFZ>31THENIN$=IN$+Z$:PRINTZ$;CHR$(2 
7)"Q";:G0T01580 JM 

•1610 IFZ=13ANDZLTHENP0KE204,1: PRINT" ":R 
ETURN JH 

•1620 IFZ=20ANDZLTHENIN$=LEFr$(IN$,ZL-l): 
P0KE244,.: PRINT" [LEFT] [LEFT] [LEFT]";:P 
0KE244,1 CH 

•1630 G0T01580 FP 

•1640 REM INTERRUPT PROCESSING KE 

•1650 G=BUMP(1)AND254:IFG=0THENRETURN OL 
•1660 F0RX=1T07:IFB0(X)=GTHENC=X:0=G:G=BU 
MP(1): NEXT: ELS ENEXT DI 

•1670 RETURN IM 

•1680 REM ERROR TRAPPING JC 

• 1690 COLHSIONl , 1650 : IFER=30THENRESUME DB 
•1700 IFER=5ANDEL=1290THENPRINT"[3"[D0WN] 
"] [s A][s B][s 0][s R][s T][s I][s N][s 
G] [s H][s A][s R][s D][s C][s 0][s P][ 
s Y].[s P][s R][s I][s N][s T][s E][s R] 
[s 0][s F][s F][SS][s L][s I][s N][s E] 
!":SLEEP3: GOSUBl 500: RETURN GG 

•1710 IFER=5THENPRINT"[3"[D0WN]"] [s D][s 
E][s V][s I][s C][s E] [s N][s 0][s T] 
[s P][s R][s E][s S][s E][s N][s T]!";:S 
LEEP3: GOSUBl 500: RETURN A J 

•1720 IFER<9THENPRINTCHR$(19)CHR$(19);DS$ 

;: RESUME OK 

•1730 IFER=24THENPRINT"[3"[D0WN]"] [s F][ 
s I][s L][s E][SS][s D][s A][s T][s A][S 
S][s E][s R][s R][s 0][s R].";:SLEEP5:G0 
SUBl 500: RETURN EL 

•1740 PRINTERR$(ER);" ERROR IN ";EL:SL0W: 
GOSUB1500:END EK 



•1750 REM SPRITE DATA 
•1760 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
•1770 DATA0,0,0,3,255,128 
•1780 DATA2,1,0,2,2,0 
•1790 DATA2,4,0,2,2,0 
•1800 DATA2,I,0,2,0,128 
•1810 DATA2,96,64,2,144,32 
■1820 DATA3,8,16,0,4,8 
■1830 DATA0,2,4,0,1,2 
■1840 DATAO, 0,129,0,0,65 
■1850 DATAO, 0,34, 0,0, 20 
•1860 DATAO, 0,8, 0,0,0 
•1870 DATAO, 7, 255, 240, 7, 227 
•1880 DATA240,7,221,224,7,221 
•1890 DATA240,7,221,240,7,227 
•1900 DATA240,7,255,240,7,247 
•1910 DATA240,7,247,240,7,247 
•1920 DATA240,7,255,240,0,0 
•1930 DATAO, 255, 255, 255, 198,0 
•1940 DATA3, 197, 255, 227, 197,64 
•1950 DATA35, 197, 255, 227, 192,0 
•1960 DATA3,255,255,255,0,0 
•1970 DATAO, 0,128,0,0,64 
•1980 DATAO, 0,36, 15,255,20 
•1990 DATAi6,3,12,32,5,124 
•2000 DATA64, 9, 0,255, 241,0 
•2010 DATA128, 17,0, 143, 17,0 
r2020 DATA128, 17, 0,255, 241,0 
'2030 DATA128, 17,0, 143, 17,0 
•2040 DATA128, 17,0, 128, 17,0 
•2050 DATA255,241,0,128,17.0 
■2060 DATA128, 17,0, 143. 18,0 
• 2070 DATA 1 28 , 20 , , 255 , 248 , 
■2080 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
•2090 DATAO, 60, 0,0, 66,0 
•2100 DATA3, 255, 192,4,0,32 
•2110 DATA3, 255, 192, 2,0,64 
r2120 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 
^2130 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 
•2140 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 
•2150 DATA2,82,64,2,82,64 
•2160 DATA2,82,64,2,0,64 
•2170 DATA3, 255, 192,0,0,0 
•2180 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
■2190 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
•2200 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0, 255 
•2210 DATAO, 3, 0,192, 4, 60 
■2220 DATA32,8,66,16,16,153 
■2230 DATA8,32,189,4,16,153 
■2240 DATA8, 8, 66, 16,4,60 
•2250 DATA32, 3, 0,192, 0,255 
■2260 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
■2270 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
■2280 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
■2290 DATAO, 255, 0,0, 8, 15 
•2300 DATA255,20,16,3,34,32 
■2310 DATA5,62,64,9,34,255 
.^2320 DATA241,34,128,17,0,143 



IB 
JC 
FE 
JL 
JE 
CH 
LM 
OF 
JL 
CN 
PC 
JK 
PA 
FE 
JA 
AH 
FO 
MO 
AC 
NH 
KP 
NO 
FN 
LI 
GB 
ID 
JA 
CO 
JA 
LD 
GG 
JF 
OH 
JC 
BN 
HL 
JI 
HC 
HC 
HC 
HC 
DE 
GP 
JC 
JC 
PJ 
DD 
BB 
MC 
EP 
ID 
JC 
JC 
JC 
CC 
OP 
HM 
OD 



•2330 DATA17,60,128,17,34,255 
•2340 DATA241,34,128,17,60,143 
•2350 DATA17,34, 128, 17,34, 128 
•2360 DATA17, 60, 255, 241, 0,128 
•2370 DATA17, 28, 128, 17,34, 143 
•2380 DATA18,32,128,20,32,255 
•2390 DATA248, 34,0,0, 28, 255 
•2400 DATAO, 0,0, 0,0,0 
•2410 DATA15,128,0,1,131,255 
•2420 DATA2, 130, 1,4, 130,1 
•2430 DATA8,0,1,16,63,225 
•2440 DAT A32, 32, 63, 64, 32, 32 
•2450 DATA128,0, 32,7, 252,32 
•2460 DATA4,7,224,4,4,0 
•2470 DATAO, 4,0, 255, 132,0 
•2480 DATA128, 252, 0,128, 128,0 
•2490 DATA128, 128, 0,128, 128,0 
•2500 DATA255, 128, 0,255, 0,0 
•2510 DATAO, 0,127,255,0,64 
•2520 DATA1,0,94,1,0,64 
•2530 DATAl, 0,95, 253, 0,64 
•2540 DATAl, 16, 95, 253, 8, 64 
•2550 DATAl, 252, 95, 253, 8, 64 
•2560 DATAl, 16, 95, 253, 0,64 
•2570 DATAl, 0,95, 253, 0,64 
•2580 DATAl, 0,95, 253, 0,64 
•2590 DATAl, 0,64, 1,0, 127 

• 2600 DATA2 5 5,0,0,0,0,0 
•2610 DATAO, 255, 7, 6, 10, 7 
•2620 REM HIRES SHAPE DATA 

•2630 DATA192 ,000,000. 191 ,000,000 
•2640 DATA255, 129, 016, 003, 129,032 
• 2650 DATA064 , 009 , 000 , 255 , 24 1 , 000 

• 2660 DATA033 , 000 , 145 , 1 15 , 255 , 049 
•2670 DATA081,034,057,145,035,255 
•2680 DATA128, 017, 032, 128,017,032 
•2690 DATA032, 128,017,000, 128,017 

• 2700 DATAO 18 , 000 , 1 28 , 020 , 000 , 255 
•2710 REM ICON LOCATIONS 

•2720 DATA45,70,120,70,205,70,290 
50 
•2730 DATA120,150,215,150 

SCRAMBLER 

PROM PA»E 31 

Starting oddreti in hex: COOO 
Ending address in liex: CA61 
SYS to start: 49152 

Flank$pe9d required for entryl See page 95. 

COOO: A9 D3 AO C5 20 IE AB 

COOS: 8D C4 A9 20 85 39 A9 

COlO: 85 3A A9 00 85 3B A9 

C018: 85 3C A2 04 AO 3F Bl 

C020: 91 3B 88 CO FF DO F7 

C028: 3A C6 3C CA DO FO AO 

C030: A9 00 99 40 3F 88 10 

C038: 8C 56 3F AO 18 B9 B4 



AG 

GK 

GO 

NM 

JG 

HE 

KC 

JC 

DD 

CG 

HK 

CK 

OG 

PK 

DK 

PM 

GO 

PE 

KD 

BM 

GN 

KP 

PB 

KH 

GN 

GN 

FM 

BJ 

FD 

GG 

,129,015 JN 

,005,255 OK 

,128,081 AM 

,170,001 ND 

,017,032 N J 

,255,241 AN 

,000,143 FL 

,248,000 PM 

HG 

.70,45,1 

BO 
FL 



20 


ED 


CA 


57 


3F 


23 


39 


4B 


C6 


C5 


3F 


Dl 


FA 


86 


C6 


48 


AHOY! 99 



C040. 


99 


00 


D4 


88 


10 


F7 


A2 


18 


F9 


C210: 


20 


D2 


FF 


A5 


A2 


C5 


A2 


FO 


A4 


C0A8: 


AO 


02 


18 


20 


FO 


FF 


A9 


D7 


95 


C218: 


FC 


84 


FB 


20 


E4 


FF 


C9 


00 


64 


CO 50 


AO 


C5 


20 


IE 


AB 


A9 


00 


8D 


D7 


C220- 


DO 


06 


A4 


FB 


C8 


4C 


OB 


C2 


7A 


C058: 


20 


DO 


8D 


21 


DO 


8D 


17 


DO 


3E 


C228: 


4C 


8B 


CO 


A2 


05 


18 


BD 


38 


76 


CO 60 


8D 


IB 


DO 


8D 


ID 


DO 


A9 


7F 


7E 


C230 


C6 


7D 


2A 


C6 


A8 


BD 


3F 


C6 


Dl 


C068: 


8D 


IC 


DO 


A9 


OA 


8D 


27 


DO 


IC 


C238: 


7D 


31 


C6 


85 


FB 


DO 


OA 


CO 


CA 


CO 70 


A9 


07 


8D 


25 


DO 


A9 


09 


8D 


E4 


C240 


28 


BO 


OA 


20 


5F 


C2 


4C 


5B 


OD 


C078; 


26 


DO 


A9 


01 


8D 


2E 


DO 


78 


IF 


C248: 


C2 


CO 


32 


BO 


F6 


AD 


IB 


D4 


43 


C080 


A9 


DD 


8D 


14 


03 


A9 


C4 


8D 


A8 


C250 


FO 


Fl 


98 


9D 


38 


C6 


A5 


FB 


OA 


C088: 


15 


03 


58 


A9 


33 


8D 


D7 


07 


42 


C258: 


9D 


3F 


C6 


CA 


10 


CF 


60 


AD 


B4 


C090 


20 


C7 


C3 


A9 


11 


8D 


20 


C6 


6B 


C260 


IB 


D4 


29 


07 


A8 


B9 


6A 


C6 


14 


C098: 


A9 


01 


8D 


IF 


C6 


20 


F4 


C3 


8F 


C268: 


9D 


2A 


C6 


B9 


72 


C6 


9D 


31 


B8 


COAO 


A9 


00 


85 


FE 


8D 


26 


C6 


8D 


D6 


C270 


C6 


60 


AD 


OF 


DO 


DO 


45 


AD 


E8 


C0A8: 


27 


C6 


8D 


22 


C6 


8D 


28 


C6 


89 


C278: 


IB 


D4 


DO 


6A 


AD 


23 


06 


A2 


DD 


COBO 


8D 


29 


C6 


8D 


04 


D4 


8D 


OB 


2D 


C280 


05 


DD 


7E 


C6 


FO 


04 


CA 


10 


78 


COBS: 


D4 


8D 


OF 


DO 


8D 


25 


C6 


A9 


IE 


C288: 


F8 


60 


8D 


OF 


DO 


AO 


01 


78 


69 


COCO 


DE 


8D 


23 


C6 


A2 


05 


8 A 


OA 


53 


C290 


38 


BD 


38 


C6 


8D 


3E 


C6 


ED 


06 


C0C8; 


A8 


BD 


7E 


C6 


99 


03 


DO 


AD 


8F 


C298' 


24 


C6 


BD 


3F 


C6 


8D 


45 


C6 


EO 


CODO 


IB 


D4 


09 


08 


9D 


28 


DO 


09 


71 


C2A0 


ED 


25 


C6 


90 


01 


88 


58 


B9 


A6 


CODS- 


BO 


9D 


38 


C6 


A9 


00 


9D 


3F 


AC 


C2A8 


7A 


C6 


8D 


30 


C6 


B9 


7C 


C6 


6B 


COEO 


C6 


A9 


FC 


9D 


F9 


07 


20 


5F 


6C 


C2B0 


8D 


37 


C6 


AO 


54 


8C 


OB 


D4 


9D 


GOES 


C2 


CA 


10 


DA 


20 


4E 


C3 


A9 


3D 


C2B8 


C8 


8C 


OB 


D4 


18 


AD 


3E 


C6 


B8 


COFO 


FD 


8D 


FF 


07 


A9 


FF 


8D 


15 


CF 


C2C0 


6D 


30 


C6 


A8 


AD 


45 


C6 


6D 


F4 


C0F8 


DO 


A2 


14 


8E 


24 


C6 


18 


A5 


B7 


C2C8 


37 


C6 


30 


06 


FO 


OA 


CO 


55 


OE 


CI 00 


■ A2 


69 


02 


C5 


A2 


DO 


FC 


8A 


CE 


C2D0 


90 


06 


A9 


00 


8D 


OF 


DO 


60 


DE 


CI 08 


29 


07 


4A 


09 


F4 


8D 


F8 


07 


OE 


C2D8 


8C 


3E 


C6 


8D 


45 


C6 


98 


29 


C5 


Clio 


E8 


EO 


29 


90 


E6 


AD 


IE 


DO 


17 


C2E0 


OF 


09 


40 


8D 


08 


D4 


60 


A9 


AD 


C118: 


E6 


FD 


20 


E7 


C2 


AD 


8D 


02 


05 


C2E8 


00 


85 


A7 


A9 


04 


85 


A8 


38 


2A 


CI 20 


8D 


IF 


C6 


FO 


12 


A9 


00 


8D 


CD 


C2F0 


AD 


23 


C6 


E9 


27 


4A 


4A 


4A 


78 


C128' 


18 


D4 


AD 


8D 


02 


DO 


FB 


8D 


AC 


C2F8 


A8 


FO 


10 


18 


A5 


A7 


69 


28 


99 


CI 30 


IF 


C6 


A9 


8F 


8D 


18 


D4 


AD 


77 


C300 


85 


A7 


A5 


A8 


69 


00 


85 


A8 


13 


C138: 


22 


C6 


FO 


09 


CE 


22 


C6 


20 


F2 


C308 


88 


DO 


FO 


78 


38 


AD 


24 


C6 


9B 


CI 40 


A7 


C3 


4C 


48 


CI 


20 


73 


C3 


59 


C310 


: E9 


11 


85 


FB 


AD 


25 


C6 


E9 


10 


C148: 


20 


2B 


C2 


20 


72 


C2 


20 


4E 


lA 


C318 


00 


58 


4A 


66 


FB 


46 


FB 


46 


A5 


CI 50 


C3 


A5 


FD 


29 


07 


DO 


09 


AD 


6F 


C320 


: FB 


A4 


FB 


Bl 


A7 


85 


FE 


C9 


64 


C158: 


IB 


D4 


8D 


OA 


3F 


8D 


IC 


3F 


08 


C328 


• 45 


DO 


22 


A9 


20 


91 


A7 


A9 


OD 


C160' 


AE 


20 


C6 


AO 


00 


C8 


DO 


FD 


2E 


C330 


: 00 


8D 


29 


C6 


38 


A9 


12 


ED 


8F 


C168: 


CA 


DO 


FA 


AD 


IE 


DO 


29 


01 


C5 


C338 


: 20 


C6 


85 


FB 


OA 


OA 


18 


65 


32 


C170' 


DO 


20 


AD 


23 


C6 


C9 


30 


BO 


A3 


C340 


: FB 


8D 


22 


C6 


AO 


40 


8C 


04 


24 


C178: 


9F 


AC 


20 


C6 


88 


CO 


06 


90 


8B 


C348 


: D4 


C8 


8C 


04 


D4 


60 


A2 


06 


54 


C180' 


03 


8C 


20 


C6 


AC 


D7 


07 


C8 


4B 


C350 


: 8A 


OA 


A8 


BD 


38 


C6 


99 


02 


E5 


C188: 


CO 


3A 


BO 


03 


8C 


D7 


07 


4C 


EE 


C358 


: DO 


AD 


10 


DO 


3D 


5C 


C6 


A8 


CO 


C190: 


98 


CO 


A9 


7F 


8D 


15 


DO 


8D 


14 


C360 


: BD 


3F 


C6 


29 


01 


FO 


05 


98 


DC 


C198: 


IF 


06 


AD 


22 


C6 


FO 


09 


CE 


DD 


C368 


: ID 


63 


C6 


A8 


8C 


10 


DO 


CA 


90 


ClAO- 


22 


C6 


20 


B2 


C3 


4C 


9A 


CI 


C8 


C370 


: 10 


DE 


60 


AD 


29 


C6 


FO 


04 


52 


C1A8: 


8D 


04 


D4 


85 


3A 


AD 


F8 


07 


7C 


C378 


: CE 


29 


C6 


60 


AC 


28 


C6 


B9 


EC 


CIBO- 


85 


39 


AO 


06 


06 


39 


26 


3A 


B5 


C380 


: CD 


C6 


DO 


04 


8D 


28 


C6 


60 


C6 


C1B8: 


88 


DO 


F9 


AO 


3F 


Bl 


39 


99 


70 


C388 


: 8D 


29 


C6 


A2 


40 


8E 


04 


D4 


50 


CICO- 


CO 


3F 


88 


10 


F8 


8C 


F8 


07 


DE 


C390 


: B9 


EA 


C6 


FO 


OD 


8D 


01 


D4 


5D 


C1C8: 


AO 


54 


8C 


OB 


D4 


C8 


8C 


OB 


8A 


C398 


. B9 


DC 


C6 


8D 


00 


D4 


E8 


8E 


CF 


CIDO: 


D4 


AO 


3F 


A2 


00 


A9 


00 


9D 


6F 


C3A0 


: 04 


D4 


C8 


8C 


28 


C6 


60 


29 


47 


C1D8: 


CO 


3F 


A5 


A2 


C5 


A2 


FO 


FC 


77 


C3A8 


: 01 


OA 


OA 


OA 


OA 


09 


20 


8D 


88 


CIEO- 


18 


8A 


69 


OB 


29 


3F 


AA 


8D 


98 


C3B0 


: 01 


D4 


AO 


04 


38 


B9 


C8 


07 


EC 


C1E8: 


08 


D4 


88 


10 


E8 


CE 


D7 


07 


F4 


C3B8 


. 69 


00 


C9 


3A 


90 


02 


A9 


30 


92 


CIFO. 


AD 


D7 


07 


29 


OF 


FO 


03 


4C 


F5 


C3C0 


: 99 


C8 


07 


88 


10 


EP 


60 


AO 


B3 


C1F8: 


98 


CO 


A9 


00 


85 


C6 


A2 


04 


EE 


C3C8 


00 


B9 


C8 


07 


D9 


EO 


07 


FO 


05 


C200 


AO 


OE 


18 


20 


FO 


FF 


EE 


86 


4D 


C3D0 


: 05 


BO 


OB 


4C 


E9 


C3 


C8 


CO 


15 


C208: 


02 


AO 


00 


B9 


11 


C6 


FO 


EE 


IC 


C3D8 


06 


90 


EE 


4C 


E9 


03 


AO 


05 


FD 


700 AHC 


tn 







































CSEO 


: B9 


C8 


07 


99 


EO 


07 


88 


10 


84 


C5B0 


: 41 


BO 


06 


80 


24 


C6 


8D 


25 


D2 


C3E8 


. F7 


AO 


05 


A9 


30 


99 


08 


07 


09 


05B8 


: 06 


AD 


23 


06 


8D 


01 


DO 


AD 


24 


C3F0 


: 88 


10 


FA 


60 


A9 


17 


85 


FB 


27 


0500 


: 24 


06 


8D 


00 


DO 


AD 


10 


DO 


98 


C3F8 


. A6 


FB 


20 


FF 


E9 


06 


FB 


10 


78 


0508 


: 29 


FE 


OD 


25 


06 


8D 


10 


DO 


58 


CAOO 


: F7 


A9 


04 


85 


FB 


A6 


FB 


BD 


87 


05 DO 


: 40 


31 


EA 


8E 


08 


93 


00 


9F 


03 


C408 


46 


C6 


85 


02 


85 


04 


BD 


4B 


2F 


C5D8 


: 53 


43 


4F 


52 


45 


20 


05 


30 


AB 


CAIO 


: C6 


85 


03 


18 


69 


D4 


85 


05 


40 


05 EO 


: 30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


20 


20 


2 


32 


C418 


AO 


4B 


A9 


41 


91 


2 


A9 


06 


32 


C5E8 


: 9C 


40 


49 


56 


45 


53 


20 


05 


2F 


C420 


: 91 


04 


88 


CO 


28 


BO 


F3 


AD 


79 


C5F0 


: 33 


20 


20 


20 


IE 


48 


49 


47 


7B , 


C428 


IB 


D4 


29 


23 


A8 


A9 


45 


91 


8D 


C5F8 


: 48 


20 


05 


30 


30 


30 


30 


30 


57 


C430 


: 02 


A9 


05 


91 


04 


06 


FB 


10 


49 


C600 


: 30 


00 


97 


02 


11 


9D 


02 


11 


OD 


C438 


CC 


A9 


07 


85 


FB 


A6 


FB 


BC 


96 


0608 


: 9D 


C2 


11 


9D 


02 


11 


9D 


03 


40 


C440 


: 84 


C6 


BD 


80 


06 


AA 


18 


20 


7F 


0610 


: 00 


50 


52 


45 


53 


53 


20 


41 


FF 


C448 


FO 


FF 


A9 


02 


AO 


06 


20 


IE 


8A 


0618 


: 4E 


59 


20 


4B 


45 


59 


00 


00 


09 


C450 


: AB 


C6 


FB 


10 


E8 


AO 


27 


A9 


29 


0620 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


20 


C458 


44 


99 


98 


07 


A9 


02 


99 


98 


B3 


0628 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


28 


C460 


DB 


88 


10 


F3 


AO 


50 


A9 


43 


A6 


0630 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


30 


C468 


99 


14 


04 


A9 


OB 


99 


14 


D8 


55 


0638 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


38 , 


C470 


38 


98 


E9 


28 


A8 


10 


EF 


A9 


A5 


0640 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


D2 


32 


45 


C478 


13 


20 


D2 


FF 


A9 


05 


20 


D2 


20 


0648 


: 92 


F2 


52 


06 


06 


05 


04 


04 


39 


C480 


■ FF 


38 


A9 


12 


ED 


20 


06 


AA 


F3 


0650 


: 00 


01 


FF 


00 


00 


00 


FF 


00 


51 


C488 


A9 


00 


4C 


OD 


BD 


AD 


OE 


DO 


A2 


0658 


: 00 


F4 


FO 


00 


FD 


FB 


F7 


EF 


20 


C490 


29 


FE 


8D 


OE 


DC 


A5 


01 


29 


01 


C660 


: DF 


BF 


7F 


02 


04 


08 


10 


20 


BD 


C498 


FB 


85 


01 


A9 


DO 


85 


3A 


A9 


FE 


0668 


: 40 


80 


01 


FF 


02 


FE 


03 


FD 


2C ; 


C4A0 


38 


85 


3C 


AO 


00 


84 


39 


84 


7D 


0670 


: 01 


FF 


00 


FF 


00 


FF 


00 


FF 


71 1 


C4A8 


3B 


A2 


04 


Bl 


39 


91 


3B 


C8 


OB 


0678 


: 00 


FF 


FO 


04 


FF 


00 


3E 


5E 


16 


C4B0 


DO 


F9 


E6 


3A 


E6 


30 


CA 


DO 


5B 


0680 


: 7E 


9E 


BE 


DE 


09 


IF 


14 


09 


80 


C4B8 


F2 


A5 


01 


09 


04 


85 


01 


AD 


93 


0688 


: IF 


14 


09 


IF 


02 


02 


06 


OA 


F7 


C4C0 


OE 


DC 


09 


01 


8D 


OE 


DC 


AD 


DB 


C690 


: OA 


OE 


12 


12 


FE 


FE 


FE 


FE 


08 


C4C8: 


18 


DO 


29 


FO 


09 


OE 


8D 


18 


88 


C698 


: FF 


FF 


00 


FF 


00 


FF 


00 


00 


98 1 


C4D0' 


DO 


AO 


27 


B9 


F8 


06 


99 


08 


84 


06 A 


: FF 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


01 


Al i'l 


C4D8: 


3A 


88 


10 


F7 


60 


AD 


IF 


06 


97 


C6A8 


: 00 


00 


01 


00 


01 


00 


01 


01 


AC || 


C4E0 


FO 


03 


4C 


B9 


05 


AO 


27 


06 


3B 


C6B0 


: 02 


02 


02 


02 


00 


00 


00 


08 


CO 


C4E8: 


DO 


26 


AD 


00 


DC 


AA 


29 


10 


4E 


06B8 


: 00 


50 


84 


3E 


00 


C8 


00 


00 


94 1 


C4Frj 


DO 


35 


AD 


F8 


07 


09 


F8 


BO 


18 


0600 


: 00 


00 


FF 


FF 


00 


00 


80 


00 


4D 


C4F8: 


2E 


A8 


8A 


29 


OC 


4A 


4A 


8D 


Bl 


0608 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


8F 


14 


OA 


OA 


80 


C500 


21 


C6 


AA 


BD 


58 


06 


DO 


01 


41 


06 DO 


: OA 


OA 


OA 


OA 


14 


OA 


OA 


OA 


2B 


C508- 


98 


09 


03 


8D 


F8 


07 


AO 


00 


DA 


06D8 


: OA 


OA 


OA 


00 


47 


B4 


47 


00 


3A 


C510- 


18 


AD 


23 


06 


79 


94 


06 


8D 


22 


C6E0 


: 47 


98 


47 


47 


B4 


47 


00 


30 


7B 


C518: 


23 


C6 


C8 


98 


29 


IF 


8D 


27 


60 


06E8 


: 47 


B4 


05 


04 


05 


00 


05 


05 


FC 


C520- 


C6 


AE 


21 


C6 


40 


98 


05 


8A 


B2 


06F0 


: 05 


05 


04 


05 


00 


04 


05 


04 


11 


C528: 


29 


03 


AA 


AD 


26 


06 


DO 


19 


83 


C6F8 


: 00 


FF 


00 


7E 


18 


7E 


00 


FF 


OE 


C530' 


BD 


50 


C6 


FO 


3E 


A5 


FE 


EO 


B9 


0700 


: 81 


BD 


81 


81 


81 


BD 


81 


81 


84 


C538: 


01 


DO 


07 


09 


42 


FO 


07 


40 


61 


0708 


' 81 


BD 


81 


81 


81 


BD 


81 


81 


80 


C540: 


73 


05 


09 


43 


DO 


2D 


EE 


26 


99 


0710 


: 00 


FB 


FB 


00 


DF 


DF 


00 


00 


C7 I 


C548: 


C6 


A5 


A2 


29 


01 


DO 


10 


18 


86 


C718 


00 


30 


18 


30 


7E 


FF 


FF 


7E 


A5 


C550: 


AD 


23 


C6 


7D 


50 


06 


8D 


23 


2D 


0720 


: 00 


00 


00 


02 


80 


00 


02 


80 


25 


C558: 


C6 


AO 


05 


D9 


7E 


06 


FO 


OE 


E2 


0728 


00 


00 


00 


00 


01 


50 


00 


09 


82 


C560: 


88 


10 


F8 


29 


07 


4A 


09 


F8 


6E 


0730 


50 


00 


00 


80 


00 


03 


CO 


00 


04 


C568: 


8D 


F8 


07 


4C 


B9 


05 


A9 


00 


6B 


0738 


03 


CO 


00 


03 


CO 


00 


00 


CO 


80 


C570: 


8D 


26 


06 


AD 


00 


DC 


29 


00 


AA 


0740 


00 


03 


CO 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


04 


C578: 


4A 


4A 


AA 


BD 


58 


06 


DO 


OB 


70 


0748 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


48 


C580: 


AD 


F8 


07 


29 


FC 


8D 


F8 


07 


El 


0750 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


50 


C588: 


4C 


B9 


05 


AD 


24 


C6 


29 


OF 


25 


0758 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


58 


C590: 


4A 


4A 


ID 


58 


06 


8D 


F8 


07 


EE 


0760 


00 


00 


00 


02 


80 


00 


02 


80 


65 


C598: 


18 


AD 


24 


06 


7D 


50 


06 


A8 


86 


0768 


00 


00 


00 


00 


01 


40 


00 


01 


AA 


C5A0: 


AD 


25 


06 


7D 


54 


06 


DO 


07 


AA 


0770 


40 


00 


02 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


73 


C5A8: 


CO 


22 


90 


OD 


40 


B3 


05 


00 


AF 


0778: 


03 


CO 


00 


03 


FO 


00 


00 


FO 


21 






































AHOYt 101 



C780; 
C788; 
C790; 
C798; 
C7A0; 
C7A8: 
C7B0; 
C7B8: 
C7C0: 
C7C8; 
C7D0; 
C7D8; 
C7E0; 
C7E8: 
C7F0; 
C7F8; 
C800; 
C808; 
C810; 
C818; 
0820; 

C828I 

C830: 

C838: 

C840: 

C848! 

C850 

C858i 

C860; 

C868 

C870; 

C878; 

C880 

C888: 

C890; 

C898 

C8A0; 

C8A8 

C8B0; 

C8B8 

C8C0; 

C8C8; 

C8D0: 

C8D8; 

C8E0; 

C8E8: 

C8Fri 

C8F8: 

C900: 

C908; 

C910; 

C918; 

C920; 

C928; 

C930; 

C938 

C940; 

C948: 

102 AHOri 



: 00 00 


CO 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


02 80 


: 00 00 


00 


00 01 


: 60 00 


00 


00 00 


: OF CO 


00 


OC CO 


: 00 00 


30 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


02 80 


: 00 00 


10 


00 01 


: 48 00 


00 


00 00 


: OF CO 


00 


3C FC 


: 00 FO 


00 


00 00 


; 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


OA 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 15 


: 80 00 


08 


00 00 


: OF 00 


00 


OF 00 


: 00 OF 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


OA 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 05 


: 00 00 


02 


00 00 


: OF 00 


00 


3F 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


OA 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 15 


: 80 00 


00 


00 00 


: OF CO 


00 


OC CO 


: 00 30 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


OA 00 


: 00 10 


00 


00 55 


: 60 00 


00 


00 00 


: OF CO 


00 


FC FO 


: 00 00 


3C 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


OA 00 


: 00 00 


20 


00 15 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 


: OC 00 


00 


OC CO 


: 00 OC 


00 


00 00 


: 00 00 


00 


00 00 



00 


00 


00 


41 


C950 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


50 


00 


00 


00 


88 


C958 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


58 


00 


00 


00 


90 


C960 


. 00 


00 


00 


OA 


00 


00 


OA 


00 


74 


00 


00 


00 


98 


C968 


00 


20 


00 


00 


15 


00 


00 


05 


A2 


00 


02 


80 


A5 


C970 


: 80 


00 


00 


00 


00 


OF 


CO 


00 


CO 


50 


00 


09 


03 


C978 


• OC 


CO 


00 


OC 


CO 


00 


OC 


CO 


DE 


OF 


CO 


00 


EO 


C980 


. 00 


00 


CO 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


41 


00 


3C 


FO 


82 


C988 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


88 


00 


00 


00 


FO 


C990 


. 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


90 


00 


00 


00 


C8 


C998 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


98 


00 


00 


00 


DO 


C9A0 


: 00 


00 


00 


02 


80 


00 


02 


80 


A5 


00 


00 


00 


D8 


C9A8 


: 00 


20 


00 


00 


15 


50 


00 


01 


2F 


00 


02 


80 


E5 


C9B0 


: 40 


00 


00 


00 


00 


OF 


CO 


00 


CO 


54 


00 


25 


73 


C9B8 


: 00 


CO 


00 


OC 


CO 


00 


00 


CO 


07 


03 


CO 


00 


FC 


C9C0 


: 00 


00 


CO 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


81 


00 


30 


OC 


3E 


C9C8 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


C8 


00 


00 


00 


FO 


C9D0 


. 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


DO 


00 


00 


00 


08 


C9D8 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


D8 


00 


00 


00 


10 


C9E0 


; 00 


00 


00 


02 


80 


00 


02 


80 


E5 


00 


00 


00 


18 


C9E8 


00 


00 


20 


00 


01 


50 


00 


09 


63 


00 


OA 


00 


34 


C9F0 


• 40 


00 


00 


00 


00 


OF 


CO 


00 


01 


00 


00 


15 


52 


C9F8 


OC 


CO 


00 


OC 


CO 


00 


OC 


CO 


5F 


OF 


00 


00 


C7 


CAOO 


. 00 


OC 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


OC 


00 


OC 


00 


62 


CA08 


. 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


08 


00 


00 


00 


4F 


CAIO 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


10 


00 


00 


00 


48 


CA18 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


18 


00 


00 


00 


50 


CA20 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


AA 


CA 


00 


00 


00 


58 


CA28 


00 


01 


00 


40 


00 


AA 


00 


00 


14 


00 


OA 


00 


74 


CA30 


: 00 


00 


10 


28 


04 


37 


AA 


DC 


2B 


00 


00 


05 


72 


CA38 


: 01 


AA 


40 


3E 


00 


BC 


03 


AA 


CC 


OC 


00 


00 


7E 


CA40 


: GO 


FC 


00 


3F 


cc 


00 


33 


00 


3D 


00 


3C 


00 


03 


CA48 


• 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


48 


00 


00 


00 


8C 


CA50 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


50 


00 


00 


00 


88 


CA58 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


58 


00 


00 


00 


90 


CA60 


: FF 


00 


60 














00 


00 


00 


98 






















00 


OA 


00 


B4 


PIL 


IMAN 














00 
OF 


00 
CO 
3C 


25 
00 
FO 


E2 
01 
82 


mOM PA«I IS 










00 


SIwIihb 


nddraf 


1 in liex: CQOO 












00 


00 


00 


FO 


Ending a 


(Mrett 


in hei 


i: a22 












00 


00 


00 


C8 


SYS to 1 


tort: 49152 
















00 


00 


00 


DO 


Flankipe 


«/ required for entry) See page 95 


, 






00 


00 


00 


D8 






















00 


OA 


00 


F4 


CO 00 


; 20 


CB 


C4 


20 


cc 


C7 


20 


7F 


05 


00 


00 


85 


D3 


COOS 


. CO 


A9 


00 


8D 


00 


DC 


20 


3D 


3A 


OF 


00 


00 


60 


CO 10 


: CI 


AD 


00 


DC 


C9 


6F 


DO 


F6 


5D 


00 


CO 


30 


A7 


CO 18 


; A2 


00 


A9 


2D 


9D 


9E 


07 


A9 


7E 


00 


00 


00 


3C 


C020 


: OE 


9D 


9E 


DB 


E8 


EO 


13 


DO 


F3 


00 


00 


00 


08 


CO 2 8 


: Fl 


20 


4B 


C3 


20 


92 


CO 


20 


DC 


00 


00 


00 


10 


C030 


: 3D 


CI 


20 


A8 


CI 


A9 


00 


8D 


FO 


00 


00 


00 


18 


CO 38 


: 54 


CO 


20 


9F 


C2 


EE 


54 


CO 


D3 


00 


OA 


00 


34 


C040 


: AD 


54 


CO 


C9 


01 


DO 


F3 


AD 


40 


50 


00 


05 


B2 


CO 4 8 


: 9B 


CO 


C9 


IE 


DO 


03 


4C 


55 


02 


OF 


CO 


00 


FF 


C050 


: CO 


4C 


29 


CO 


00 


20 


7F 


CO 


A7 


00 


OC 


00 


ID 


CO 5 8 


: A2 


00 


BD 


08 


CA 


9D 


3E 


04 


6B 


00 


00 


00 


4C 


C060 


: A9 


03 


9D 


3E 


D8 


E8 


EO 


06 


91 


00 


00 


00 


48 


C068 


: DO 


FO 


A9 


00 


8D 


00 


DC 


AD 


EB 



C070 


: 00 


DC 


C9 


6F 


DO 


F9 


20 


CB 


3D 


C240: 


8C 


C2 


4C 


63 


C2 


AD 


A7 


CI 


19 


C078 


: C4 


20 


CC 


C7 


4C 


29 


CO 


A2 


CA 


C248: 


FO 


03 


4C 


85 


C2 


A 9 


00 


8D 


08 


C080 


: 00 


BD 


OE 


CA 


9D 


9E 


07 


A9 


04 


C250: 


49 


C3 


20 


2E 


C4 


20 


57 


C4 


AC 


C088 


: 01 


9D 


9E 


DB 


E8 


EO 


13 


DO 


4F 


C258: 


A9 


E2 


8D 


FA 


07 


A9 


01 


8D 


AC 


C090 


: FO 


60 


A5 


A2 


69 


02 


C5 


A2 


FD 


C260: 


A7 


CI 


60 


A9 


01 


8D 


49 


C3 


6F 


C098 


: DO 


FC 


60 


00 


AD 


El 


05 


EE 


4A 


C268: 


18 


AD 


15 


DO 


09 


01 


8D 


15 


CO 


COAO 


: 9B 


CO 


09 


20 


FO 


3A 


EE 


El 


E2 


C270: 


DO 


AD 


04 


DO 


8D 


00 


DO 


18 


3A 


CO A 8 


: CO 


AD 


El 


CO 


20 


D9 


CO 


8D 


02 


C278: 


AD 


05 


DO 


69 


08 


8D 


01 


DO 


CC 


CO BO 


: El 


CO 


EE 


E6 


CO 


AD 


E6 


CO 


3F 


C280: 


A9 


E3 


8D 


FA 


07 


A9 


00 


8D 


D4 


COBS 


: 20 


D9 


CO 


8D 


E6 


CO 


EE 


EB 


83 


C288: 


IE 


DO 


60 


01 


01 


00 


AD 


IB 


A2 


COCO 


: CO 


AD 


EB 


CO 


20 


D9 


CO 


8D 


24 


C290: 


D4 


C9 


2C 


90 


F9 


C9 


E6 


BO 


47 


C0C8 


: EB 


CO 


EE 


FO 


CO 


AD 


FO 


CO 


75 


C298: 


F5 


8D 


8D 


C2 


60 


00 


00 


AD 


7A 


CODO 


: 20 


D9 


CO 


8D 


FO 


CO 


4C 


EO 


F7 


C2A0: 


9D 


C2 


C9 


DE 


FO 


41 


CE 


06 


BO 


CODS 


: CO 


C9 


40 


DO 


02 


A9 


3C 


60 


BC 


C2A8: 


DO 


AD 


06 


DO 


C9 


33 


BO 


08 


B3 


COEO 


: A9 


3C 


8D 


El 


05 


A9 


3D 


8D 


AF 


C2B0: 


EE 


07 


DO 


A9 


El 


8D 


FB 


07 


93 


GOES 


: E2 


05 


A9 


BE 


8D 


09 


06 


A9 


FE 


C2B8: 


EE 


9D 


C2 


AD 


9D 


C2 


C9 


DE 


BE 


COFO 


: 3F 


8D 


OA 


06 


A9 


03 


8D 


05 


OD 


C2C0: 


DO 


20 


AD 


8B 


C2 


C9 


00 


FO 


68 


C0F8 


: D4 


8D 


06 


D4 


A9 


EF 


8D 


17 


74 


C2C8: 


03 


20 


9C 


CO 


18 


AD 


15 


DO 


F4 


CI 00 


: D4 


A9 


2F 


8D 


18 


D4 


AO 


OA 


D2 


C2D0: 


09 


08 


8D 


15 


DO 


A9 


6B 


8D 


F7 


C108 


: A9 


21 


8D 


04 


D4 


A9 


05 


8D 


75 


C2D8: 


07 


DO 


A9 


F5 


8D 


06 


DO 


4C 


01 


Clio 


: 01 


D4 


8C 


16 


D4 


A2 


00 


E8 


E8 


C2E0: 


E7 


C2 


C9 


6E 


BO 


01 


60 


AD 


83 


C118 


: EO 


00 


DO 


FB 


A9 


20 


8D 


04 


21 


C2E8: 


9E 


C2 


C9 


DE 


FO 


39 


CE 


08 


F3 


CI 20 


: D4 


18 


98 


69 


05 


A8 


CO 


6E 


EB 


C2F0: 


DO 


AD 


08 


DO 


C9 


33 


BO 


08 


FD 


CI28 


: DO 


DE 


A9 


8F 


8D 


18 


D4 


A9 


35 


C2F8: 


EE 


09 


DO 


A9 


El 


8D 


FC 


07 


DE 


CI 30 


: 00 


8D 


17 


D4 


8D 


04 


D4 


20 


30 


C300: 


EE 


9E 


C2 


AD 


9E 


C2 


C9 


DE 


08 


C138 


• 9A 


C4 


60 


00 


00 


EE 


3B 


CI 


E3 


C308: 


DO 


3E 


AD 


8C 


C2 


C9 


00 


FO 


CE 


CI 40 


: AD 


3B 


CI 


C9 


04 


DO 


34 


A9 


67 


C310: 


03 


20 


9C 


CO 


18 


AD 


15 


DO 


3C 


CU8 


00 


8D 


3B 


CI 


AD 


3C 


CI 


FO 


6F 


C318: 


09 


10 


8D 


15 


DO 


A9 


6B 


8D 


47 


C150 


2B 


CE 


3C 


CI 


A2 


00 


BD 


lA 


C2 


C320: 


09 


DO 


A9 


F5 


8D 


08 


DO 


18 


18 


C158 


C9 


9D 


00 


04 


9D 


50 


04 


EB 


9E 


C328: 


AD 


15 


DO 


09 


18 


8D 


15 


DO 


50 


CI 60 


EO 


28 


DO 


F2 


A9 


3B 


8D 


28 


C7 


C330: 


A9 


01 


8D 


8B 


C2 


8D 


8C 


C2 


93 


C168 


04 


A9 


3A 


8D 


4F 


04 


A2 


00 


D3 


C338: 


A9 


00 


8D 


9D 


C2 


8D 


9E 


C2 


BE 


CI 70 


BD 


BB 


C9 


9D 


6D 


05 


E8 


EO 


8D 


C340: 


A9 


EO 


8D 


FB 


07 


8D 


FC 


07 


EC 


C178: 


lA 


DO 


F5 


60 


EE 


3C 


CI 


A2 


49 


C348: 


60 


00 


00 


AD 


00 


DC 


8D 


4A 


OB 


CI 80: 


00 


BD 


42 


C9 


9D 


00 


04 


9D 


89 


C350: 


C3 


29 


01 


DO 


03 


20 


86 


C3 


7C 


C188 


50 


04 


E8 


EO 


28 


DO 


F2 


A9 


3C 


C358: 


AD 


4A 


C3 


29 


02 


DO 


03 


20 


33 


C190' 


3A 


8D 


28 


04 


A9 


3B 


8D 


4F 


46 


C360: 


BA 


C3 


AD 


4A 


C3 


29 


04 


DO 


98 


C198: 


04 


A2 


00 


BD 


D5 


C9 


9D 


6D 


A7 


G368: 


03 


20 


E9 


C3 


AD 


4A 


C3 


29 


IE 


ClAO: 


05 


E8 


EO 


lA 


DO 


F5 


60 


02 


B2 


C370: 


08 


DO 


03 


20 


07 


C4 


AD 


4A 


30 


C1A8: 


AD 


A7 


CI 


FO 


13 


C9 


01 


FO 


7F 


C378: 


C3 


29 


10 


DO 


03 


20 


25 


C4 


53 


CIBO: 


10 


CE 


03 


DO 


AD 


03 


DO 


C9 


AE 


C380: 


A9 


00 


8D 


4A 


C3 


60 


AD 


49 


ID 


C1B8: 


E7 


BO 


05 


A9 


00 


8D 


A7 


CI 


F6 


C388: 


C3 


DO 


07 


AD 


05 


DO 


C9 


70 


El 


CICO: 


60 


EE 


03 


DO 


EE 


03 


DO 


AD 


54 


C390: 


BO 


01 


60 


C9 


D4 


BO 


FB 


CE 


BC 


C1C8: 


03 


DO 


8D 


01 


DO 


C9 


FB 


90 


52 


C398: 


05 


DO 


CE 


05 


DO 


A9 


E2 


8D 


2D 


CIDO: 


EF 


18 


AD 


15 


DO 


09 


01 


8D 


04 


C3A0: 


FA 


07 


AD 


05 


DO 


C9 


B4 


DO 


75 


CID8: 


15 


DO 


20 


8E 


C2 


AD 


8D 


C2 


2E 


C3A8: 


05 


A9 


78 


8D 


IB 


DO 


AD 


49 


40 


ClEO: 


8D 


02 


DO 


A9 


02 


8D 


A7 


CI 


E3 


C3B0: 


C3 


FO 


06 


CE 


01 


DO 


CE 


01 


DB 


C1E8: 


4C 


CO 


CI 


AD 


05 


DO 


C9 


72 


77 


C3B8: 


DO 


60 


AD 


05 


DO 


C9 


6E 


BO 


56 


CIFO: 


BO 


OC 


AD 


IE 


DO 


C9 


OC 


FO 


11 


C3C0: 


01 


60 


C9 


D2 


BO 


FB 


EE 


05 


5F 


C1F8: 


lA 


C9 


14 


FO 


2F 


60 


AD 


05 


24 


C3C8: 


DO 


EE 


05 


DO 


A9 


E3 


8D 


FA 


74 


C200; 


DO 


C9 


C8 


BO 


01 


60 


AD 


IE 


41 


C3D0: 


7 


AD 


05 


DO 


C9 


B8 


DO 


05 


B3 


C208: 


DO 


C9 


07 


FO 


38 


A9 


00 


8D 


OA 


C3D8: 


A9 


7C 


8D 


IB 


DO 


AD 


49 


C3 


33 


C210: 


IB 


DO 


60 


AD 


8B 


C2 


C9 


00 


25 


C3E0: 


FO 


06 


EE 


01 


DO 


EE 


01 


DO 


59 


C218: 


DO 


01 


60 


38 


AD 


15 


DO 


E9 


FF 


C3E8: 


60 


AD 


04 


DO 


C9 


E8 


90 


01 


10 


C220: 


08 


8D 


15 


DO 


A9 


00 


8D 


8B 


5E 


C3F0: 


60 


C9 


2C 


90 


FB 


CE 


04 


DO 


77 


C228: 


C2 


4C 


63 


C2 


AD 


8C 


C2 


C9 


24 


C3F8: 


CE 


04 


DO 


AD 


49 


C3 


FO 


06 


4E 


C230: 


00 


DO 


01 


60 


38 


AD 


15 


DO 


2E 


C400: 


CE 


00 


DO 


CE 


00 


DO 


60 


AD 


4D 


C238: 


E9 


10 


8D 


15 


DO 


A9 


00 


8D 


DC 


C408: 


04 


DO 


C9 


E6 


90 


01 


60 


C9 


49 



i I 



AHOYl W3 



C410: 


2A 


90 


FB 


EE 


04 


DO 


EE 


04 


7D 


C5E0 


: 03 


03 


03 


DF 


DF 


FF 


FF 


2A 


D3 


C418: 


DO 


AD 


49 


C3 


FO 


06 


EE 


00 


89 


C5E8 


: 2A 


26 


26 


FF 


FF 


FF 


FF 


FF 


5F 


C420: 


DO 


EE 


00 


DO 


60 


AD 


49 


C3 


CB 


C5F0 


: FF 


FF 


FF 


FF 


FF 


57 


7D 


7D 


43 


C428: 


FO 


00 


20 


EB 


CI 


60 


A9 


09 


F9 


C5F8 


: 57 


7F 


7F 


7F 


FF 


57 


DF 


DF 


E5 


C430: 


8D 


05 


D4 


8D 


06 


D4 


A9 


OF 


B8 


C600 


: DF 


DF 


DF 


57 


FF 


57 


7F 


7F 


4D 


C438: 


8D 


18 


D4 


A9 


21 


8D 


04 


D4 


E3 


C608 


: 5F 


7F 


7F 


57 


FF 


D7 


7D 


7F 


92 


C440: 


A9 


51 


8D 


00 


D4 


8D 


01 


D4 


01 


C610 


: D7 


FD 


7D 


D7 


FF 


02 


OA 


08 


4F 


C448: 


A5 


A2 


69 


08 


C5 


A2 


DO 


FC 


38 


C618 


: 28 


20 


00 


00 


00 


AA 


00 


00 


OB 


C450: 


A9 


20 


8D 


04 


D4 


60 


00 


EE 


CF 


C620 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


22 


80 


28 


EA 


C458: 


56 


C4 


AD 


56 


C4 


C9 


19 


DO 


EF 


C628 


: 20 


12 


AO 


AA 


4A 


AA 


98 


8A 


BD 


C460: 


08 


A 9 


00 


8D 


56 


C4 


EE 


44 


ED 


C630 


: 28 


28 


08 


08 


20 


29 


AA 


96 


IB 


C468: 


CO 


AD 


CC 


06 


C9 


39 


FO 


04 


Al 


C638 


: AA 


AO 


AO 


OA 


21 


28 


08 


8A 


OA 


C470: 


EE 


CC 


06 


60 


A9 


30 


8D 


CC 


C6 


C640 


: 81 


24 


A8 


98 


80 


FF 


C3 


D7 


43 


C478: 


06 


AD 


CB 


06 


C9 


39 


FO 


04 


F5 


C648 


: D7 


D7 


D7 


C3 


FF 


FF 


C3 


EB 


43 


C480: 


EE 


CB 


06 


60 


A9 


30 


8D 


CB 


D4 


C650 


: EB 


EB 


EB 


C3 


FF 


OC 


OC 


18 


08 


C488: 


06 


AD 


CA 


06 


C9 


39 


FO 


04 


05 


C658 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


58 


C490: 


EE 


CA 


06 


60 


A9 


30 


8D 


CA 


E2 


C660 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


60 


C498: 


06 


60 


AD 


6C 


07 


C9 


39 


FO 


14 


C668 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


68 


C4A0: 


04 


EE 


6C 


07 


60 


A9 


30 


8D 


CE 


C670 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


70 


C4A8: 


6C 


07 


AD 


6B 


07 


C9 


39 


FO 


30 


C678 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


78 


C4B0: 


04 


EE 


6B 


07 


60 


A9 


30 


8D 


DD 


C680 


: 00 


02 


AA 


00 


09 


A6 


80 


OA 


67 


C4B8: 


6B 


07 


AD 


6A 


07 


C9 


39 


FO 


3E 


C688 


: AA 


80 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


B3 


C4C0: 


04 


EE 


6A 


07 


60 


A9 


30 


8D 


EC 


C690 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


90 


C4C8: 


6A 


07 


60 


AD 


OE 


DC 


29 


FE 


5B 


C698 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


98 


C4D0: 


8D 


OE 


DC 


A5 


01 


29 


FB 


85 


9A 


C6A0 


. 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


AO 


C4D8 : 


01 


A2 


00 


BD 


00 


DO 


9D 


00 


A8 


C6A8 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


A8 


C4E0: 


30 


BD 


00 


Dl 


9D 


00 


31 


E8 


58 


C6B0 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


BO 


C4E8: 


EO 


00 


DO 


EF 


A5 


01 


09 


04 


3E 


C6B8 


: 00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


80 


00 


02 


3B 


C4F0: 


85 


01 


AD 


OE 


DC 


09 


01 


8D 


A7 


C6C0 


80 


00 


09 


80 


00 


2A 


00 


00 


F4 


C4F8: 


OE 


DC 


A2 


00 


BD 


9D 


C5 


9D 


45 


C6C8 


A8 


00 


02 


60 


00 


02 


80 


00 


56 


C500: 


18 


31 


E8 


EO 


68 


DO 


F5 


A2 


E4 


C6D0 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


DO 


C508: 


00 


BD 


05 


C6 


9D 


D8 


30 


BD 


F5 


C6D8 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


D8 


C510: 


25 


C6 


9D 


EO 


31 


E8 


EO 


20 


95 


C6E0 


00 


3C 


00 


00 


FF 


00 


02 


AA 


C9 


C518: 


DO 


EF 


A2 


00 


BD 


45 


C6 


9D 


E2 


C6E8 


80 


00 


AA 


00 


08 


28 


20 


20 


84 


C520: 


DO 


31 


BD 


4D 


C6 


9D 


D8 


31 


9B 


C6F0 


14 


08 


25 


55 


58 


05 


55 


50 


8A 


C528: 


BD 


55 


C6 


9D 


00 


30 


A9 


18 


91 


C6F8 


01 


55 


40 


01 


55 


40 


03 


FF 


29 


C530: 


9D 


F8 


30 


E8 


EO 


08 


DO 


E4 


7E 


C700 


CO 


01 


55 


40 


01 


55 


40 


01 


EE 


C538: 


A2 


00 


BD 


5D 


C6 


9D 


00 


38 


92 


C708 


41 


40 


01 


41 


40 


01 


41 


40 


8E 


C540: 


E8 


EO 


00 


DO 


F5 


A2 


00 


BD 


31 


C710 


01 


41 


40 


01 


71 


70 


03 


C3 


3C 


C548: 


5D 


C7 


9D 


00 


39 


E8 


EO 


40 


4E 


C718 


CO 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


D8 


C550: 


DO 


F5 


A2 


00 


BD 


9D 


C7 


9D 


7A 


C720- 


00 


3C 


00 


00 


FF 


00 


02 


69 


C7 


C558: 


00 


DO 


E8 


EO 


2F 


DO 


F5 


A2 


8B 


C728 


80 


00 


BE 


00 


00 


28 


00 


00 


8F 


C560: 


00 


A9 


EO 


9D 


F8 


07 


E8 


EO 


52 


C730: 


14 


00 


25 


55 


58 


25 


55 


58 


E9 


C568: 


08 


DO 


F6 


A9 


E2 


8D 


FA 


07 


54 


C738 


29 


55 


68 


09 


55 


60 


03 


FF 


EO 


C57fj: 


A9 


E4 


8D 


F9 


07 


A9 


02 


8D 


C6 


C740: 


CO 


01 


55 


40 


01 


55 


40 


01 


2F 


C578: 


A7 


CI 


A9 


00 


8D 


3C 


CI 


8D 


A4 


C748: 


41 


40 


01 


41 


40 


01 


41 


40 


CE 


C580: 


3B 


CI 


8D 


9D 


C2 


8D 


9E 


C2 


5A 


C750: 


01 


41 


40 


01 


41 


40 


03 


C3 


IC 


C588: 


8D 


49 


C3 


8D 


9B 


CO 


8D 


56 


FO 


C758: 


CO 


03 


03 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


IF 


C590: 


C4 


A9 


01 


8D 


8B 


C2 


8D 


8C 


F5 


C760: 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


60 


C598: 


C2 


8D 


44 


CO 


60 


03 


OF 


3C 


9C 


C768: 


00 


00 


00 


00 


07 


83 


CO 


OF 


C2 


C5A0: 


3C 


FC 


FC 


FF 


FF 


FF 


FF 


2A 


01 


C770: 


C7 


EO 


OF 


C7 


EO 


OF 


C7 


EO 


88 


C5A8: 


26 


26 


2A 


FF 


FF 


F3 


F3 


33 


3A 


C778: 


6F 


C7 


EC 


3F 


C7 


F8 


OF 


83 


2F 


C5B0: 


33 


33 


33 


FF 


FF 


CO 


CO 


CO 


8C 


C780: 


EO 


07 


01 


CO 


03 


01 


80 


03 


Bl 


C5B8: 


CO 


C3 


CC 


FO 


CO 


OF 


OC 


30 


07 


C788: 


01 


80 


03 


01 


80 


03 


01 


80 


13 


C5C0: 


CO 


00 


00 


00 


00 


FO 


30 


OC 


AE 


C790: 


03 


01 


80 


03 


01 


80 


03 


01 


9D 


C5C8: 


03 


00 


00 


00 


00 


03 


03 


03 


D4 


C798: 


80 


03 


01 


80 


00 


00 


00 


DC 


7A 


C5D0: 


03 


C3 


33 


OF 


03 


CO 


CO 


CO 


IF 


C7A0: 


FB 


3C 


82 


F5 


6B 


F5 


6B 


F5 


14 


C5D8: 


CO 


CO 


CO 


F7 


F7 


03 


03 


03 


14 


C7A8: 


6B 


F5 


6B 


00 


00 


00 


IB 


00 


90 


W4 AHOY! 







































|m|nn||TII|k|T| Letters on white background are Bug Repellent line codes. Do not enter themi Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes 
I ITIr Uri Inll I ! and provide other essential information on entering Ahoyf programs. Reler to these pages before entering any programs! 



C7B0: 

C7B8: 

C7C0: 

C7C8: 

C7D0: 

C7D8: 

C7E0: 

C7E8: 

C7F0: 

C7F8: 

C800: 

C808: 

C810: 

C818: 

C820: 

C828: 

C830: 

C838: 

C840: 

C848: 

C850: 

C858: 

C860: 

C868: 

C870: 

C878: 

C880: 

C888: 

C890: 

C898: 

C8A0: 

C8A8: 

C8B0: 

C8B8: 

C8C0: 

C8C8: 

C8D0 : 

C8D8: 

C8E0: 

C8E8: 

C8F0: 

C8F8: 

C900: 

C908: 

C910: 

C918: 

C920: 

C928: 

C930: 

C938: 

C940: 

C9A8: 

C950: 

C958: 

C960: 

C968: 



00 00 
78 ID 
07 00 
07 07 
FF A9 
BD lA 

04 BD 
07 9D 
E7 A2 

05 BD 
AO C9 
DO E9 
Bl 05 
BD Bl 
07 BD 
EO 05 
9D BO 
9D 10 
9D 78 
9D 19 
9D C8 
9D 3E 
07 DO 
CA 06 
DO F5 
4F D8 
6D 05 
00 A 9 

04 9D 
5C 05 
9D D4 
03 DO 
9B 07 
9B DB 
DO EB 
9E 05 

05 E8 
E8 8E 
8E BD 
C9 05 
AC 05 
OD 05 
8E BD 
27 8D 
C9 9D 
F5 60 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 



IE D8 
00 00 

04 09 
07 OA 
93 20 
C9 9D 
6A C9 
28 D8 
00 BD 
99 C9 
9D 40 
A 2 00 
BD AC 
C9 9D 
B6 C9 
DO EO 
D9 9D 
D9 9D 
DA 9D 
DB 9D 
DA 9D 
D8 9D 
CB A2 
9D 6A 
A9 OD 
A2 00 
E8 EO 
2D 9D 
OC 05 
9D 84 

05 9D 
EO A 2 
9D C3 
9D C3 
A2 26 
E8 8E 
8E AO 
Al 05 
05 8E 
8E D3 
8D D4 
E8 8E 
04 E8 
5B 05 
00 D4 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 20 



04 ID 
00 00 
07 OA 
A9 99 
D2 FF 
00 04 
9D 28 
E8 EO 
92 C9 
9D 38 
07 E8 
BD A7 
C9 9D 
79 06 
9D Al 
A 2 00 
D8 D9 
38 D9 
AO DA 
40 DB 
68 DB 
47 D8 
00 A 9 
07 E8 
8D 28 
BD BB 
lA DO 
BC 04 
9D 34 

05 9D 
94 04 
00 A 9 
07 A9 
DB E8 
8E 95 
96 05 
05 8E 
8E AB 
C6 05 
05 A9 
05 A2 
35 05 
8E E5 
A 2 00 
E8 EO 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3A 3B 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
3B 3A 
20 01 



70 00 39 
00 02 50 
OA 07 F6 
20 D2 IE 
A 2 00 A3 
9D 50 OA 

04 A9 4A 
28 DO 51 
9D 10 43 

05 BD B7 
EO 07 20 
C9 9D 32 
D9 05 77 
9D 19 25 

06 E8 93 
A9 07 13 
A9 02 54 
A9 05 IE 
A 9 04 F7 
A9 01 3F 
A9 03 20 
E8 EO 94 
30 9D IE 
EO 03 15 
D8 8D OA 
C9 9D 24 
F5 A2 40 
9D E4 40 
05 9D B7 
AC 05 70 
E8 EO 18 
2D 9D 74 
OE 9D 11 
EO lA 51 
05 8E FD 
8E 9F AD 
AA 05 31 
05 E8 IF 
E8 8E 04 
20 8D 76 
IB 8E 56 
A2 2E 8D 
04 A9 5B 
BD EF 6D 
19 DO FF 
3A 3B CE 
3A 3B F5 
3A 3B FD 
3A 3B 06 
3A 3B OE 
3B 3A 16 
3B 3A IE 
3B 3A 26 
3B 3A 2E 
3B 3A 36 
08 OF 71 



C970: 
C978: 
C980: 
0988: 
C990: 
0998: 
C9A0: 
C9A8: 
C9B0: 
C9B8: 
C9C0: 
C9C8: 
C9D0: 
C9D8: 
C9E0: 
C9E8: 
09F0: 
C9F8: 
CAOO: 
CA08: 
CAIO: 
CA18: 
CA20: 



19 21 20 
OD 10 OF 

20 20 OF 
34 20 08 
20 3 A 14 
13 13 10 

13 OD 01 
05 OD OP 

19 10 09 
00 04 20 
24 20 24 
24 20 24 
24 25 2D 

20 24 20 
20 24 20 
2C 24 20 
00 00 00 
00 00 00 
00 80 00 
03 OC OF 
05 13 13 
20 14 OF 

14 00 00 



10 09 

12 09 
10 05 
OF 15 
OF 04 
05 03 

13 08 
OE 02 
05 13 

23 24 
2C 24 
2C 24 
2D 2D 

24 2C 

24 20 

25 2D 
00 00 
00 00 
00 00 
13 05 
20 06 
20 13 
34 



05 
15 
OE 
12 
01 
09 
05 
05 
20 
20 
20 
20 
23 
24 
24 
2D 
00 
80 
00 
04 
09 
14 



20 
OD 
20 
13 
19 
01 
04 
12 
13 
24 
24 
24 
20 
20 
20 
2D 
00 
00 
00 
10 
12 
01 



05 OE 
20 02 
32 45 
20 4E 
00 20 
00 EO 
00 Fl 
12 03 
OF 3D 
20 AC 
20 02 
20 OA 
24 15 
24 lA 
24 22 
00 12 
00 FO 
00 79 
8F 10 
12 64 
05 81 
12 B5 



FROM PAOE 34 



•10 GRAPHIC4,1,0:P0KE3072,0 LC 

• 20 COLORO , 7 : C0L0R4 ,13: COLOR 1,6: 0OL0R2 , 1 : 

SPRCOLOR 3,11:PUDEF"0":F$="[3"#"].##" GO 
•30 DIM V(3),D(4),J(3),C(3),M(3),L(3),A(3 

),H(3),P,A$(16):P=52330 10 

•40 J(1)=1:J(3)=2:D(1)=19:D(2)=90:D(3)— 1 

9:D(4)=270 OJ 

■50 F0RX=1T012:READA$(X):NEXT:0F$="[RVS0F 



PK 



PN 



AE 



F]":HI$="[RVSON]" 

•60 PRINT" [CLEAR] [DOWN] [DOWN] [3" "] [BLACK 
][RVSON][s U][33"[s C]"][s I]" 

•70 PRINT" [3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF]"TAB( 
37)"[RVS0N][s B]" 

•80 PRINT" [3" "][RVSON][s B][RVSOFF] [RVS 
ON][c 0] [c I][c I] [c *][c I] [RVSOFF] 
[RVSON][sEP][c D][c F][c *][c 0][SS][c 
*] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [c V][RVSON][ 
c 0] [c P][c P] [c H][c P] [c P] [RVSOFF 
] [RVSON] [s B]" EN 

•90 PRINT" [3" "] [RVSON] [s B] [RVSOFF] [RV 
SON] [c U][c U] [RVS0FF][sEP] [RVSON][SS 
][RVS0FF] [RVS0N][c G][c 0][c V] [RVSOF 
F] [ RVSON ][SS][ RVSOFF] [c *][RVS0N] [RVS 
OFF] [RVSON ][SS][ RVSOFF] [s C][c K][3" " 
] [RVSON] [RVS0FF][4" "] [RVSON] [s B]" KD 

•100 PRINT" [3" "] [RVSON] [s B] [RVSOFF] [R 
VSON] [RVSOFF] [5" "] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RV 
SON][c K][c G][ RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] 

AHOY! 105 



[RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RV 
SON] [RVSOFF] [5" "] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [3" " 
][SS][RVSON][s B]" MD 

110 PRINT" [3" "] [RVSON] [s B] [RVSOFF] [RV 
SON][c U] [RVS0FF][4" "][RVSON][c U][3" 
"][c G] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [c U] [RVSOFF] 
[c D][RVSON] [RVSOFF][c F][RVSON][c U] [ 
c Y][c Y] [RVSOFF] [c D][RVSON] [RVSOFF] 
[c F] [SS][RVSON][s B]" BN 

120 PRINT" [3" "] [RVSON] [s B] [RVSOFF]"TAB 
(37)"[RVS0N][s B]" AE 

130 PRINT"[3" "][RVSON][c Q][ll"[s C]"][ 
RVSOFF]D U E L[RVS0N][12"[s C]"][c W] 

' KI 
140 PRINT" [3" "] [RVSON] [s B][ RVSOFF ]"TAB 
(37)"[RVS0N][s B]" AE 

150 PRINT"[3" "][RVS0N][s B][YELLOW] [4" 
"]BY CLEVELAND M. BLAKEM0RE[4" "] [BLACK] 
[s B]" EA 

160 PRINT" [3" "] [RVSON] [s J][33"[s C]"][ 
s K]" AL 

170 PRINT"[D0WN]"TAB(5)"A TWO-PLAYER CON 
FLICT IN SPACE" LF 

180 PRINT" [DOWN ]"TAB( 10) "PREPARE FOR COM 
BAT!!" PA 

190 PRINT"[D0WN]"TAB(5)"PLEASE STAND BY 
FOR PLANETFALL" KI 

200 F0RX=3584T03903:READA:P0KEX,A:NEXT BA 
210 IFPEEK(3072)=1THEN240 JI 

220 A=l 70 : FORX=OT0320STEP3 : I=( RND( 1 )*40) 
+5:DRAW 2,X,A TO X+3, 170-1: A=170-I:NEXT: 
PAINT2, 0,160 GP 

230 COLORl , 15 : F0RX= .T099 : A=RND(0)*320: B= 
RND(1)*130:DRAW1,A,B:NEXT:C0L0R3,8:CIRCL 
E3,30,30,15:PAINT3,35,35:POKE3072,1 AK 
240 H(1)=100:H(3)=100:FORZ=1T03STEP2:X=8 PG 
250 SYSP,,14,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"@" FO 
260 A$="CHOOSE WEAPONS" :A=1:B=4:C=12:G0S 
UB660:L(Z)=I+5:X=X-I HL 

270 SYSP,,U,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"@" FO 
280 A$="PICK DEFENSIVE ARMOR" :A=5:B=8: GO 
SUB660:A(Z)=I:X=X-I:IFX<=OTHENC(Z)=l:GOT 
0320 LA 

290 SYSP,,14,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"@" FO 
300 A$="DECIDE ON SPACECRAFT ENGINE" :A=9 
:B=A-1+X+(X>3)*(X-4):G0SUB660:C(2)=I+1;X 
=X-I KB 

310 IFXTHENH(Z)=H(Z)+X*10 FF 

320 NEXT lA 

330 F0RX-0T024 : FORD= 1T050 : NEXT : GR APHIC4 , 
0,X:NEXT:SYSP,,24,.,.:PRINT"[c 5]SHIP#1 
ERGS: [9" "][c 8]SHIP#2 ERGS: [4" "]"; DL 
340 MOVSPRl , 100, 100:SPRITE1 , 1 , 12, , , , . :SP 
RITE2,0,2,,,,.:M(l)=l:V(l)=90:PRINT"[c 8 
]";:SYSP,,24,33,.:PRINTUSINGF$;H(1); OB 
350 M0VSPR3, 250, 170 :SPRITE3, 1,16, , , , . :SP 
RITE4,0,2, , , , . :M(3)=3:V(3)=270:PRINT"[c 
5]"; :SYSP, ,24, 12, . :PRINTUSINGF$;H(3); CL 

106 AHOY! 



•360 J=BUMP(1):J=BUMP(1):J=BUMP(2):J=BUMP 

(2) BL 

•370 REM MAIN LOOP PK 

•380 Z=1:D0 GG 

•390 A=J0Y(J(Z)):IFAAND15THENV(Z)=((AAND1 
5)-l)*45:M(Z)=l+(V(Z)>180)*-2:P0KE8183+Z 
,M(Z)+55 LI 

•400 IFA>127THENSPRITEZ+1,1:M0VSPRZ+1,RSP 
POS(Z, . )+D(M(Z) ) ,RSPP0S(Z, 1) :M0VSPRZ+1 ,D 
(M(Z)+1)#L(Z):S0UNDZ, 10000,33, 1,300,300, 
3 LH 

•410 M0VSPRZ,V(Z)#C(Z) LL 

• 420 Z=4-Z : J=BUMP( 1 ) : L00PUNTILJ=60RJ=90RJ 
=5:IF(BUMP(2)AND5)<>5THEN380 LN 

•430 IFJ=6THENBEGIN:M0VSPR5,RSPP0S(3, .) »R 
SPP0S(3,1):M0VSPR3,.#.:SPRITE5,1,2,,,,1: 
S0UND2 , 5000 , 30 , 1 , , 500 , 3 : FORX= . T050 ; NEXT 
:SPRITE5,.:H=RND(1)*LC1)*2+1 GG 

•440 IFH>A(3)THENH(3)=H(3)-(H-A(3)):PRINT 
"[c 8]"; :SYSP, ,24,33, . :PRINTUSINGF$;H(3) 
;:IFH(3)<=.THENJ=1:I=3:G0T0520 GF 
•450 G0T0380 CH 

•460 BEND BG 

• 470 IFJ=9THENBEGIN : M0VSPR5 , RSPP0S( 1 , . ) , R 
SPPOS( 1 , 1) :M0VSPR1 , .#. :SPRITE5,1 ,2, , , , 1; 
S0UND2 , 5000 , 30 , 1 , , 500 , 3 : FORX= .T050: NEXT 
:SPRITE5,.:H=RND(1)*L(3)*2 HP 

•480 IFH>A(1)THENH(1)=H(1)-(H-A(1)):PRINT 
"[c 5]";:SYSP,,24,12,.:PRINTUSINGF$;H(1) 
;:IFH(1)<=.THENJ=3:I=1:G0T0520 CP 
•490 G0T0380 CH 

•500 BEND BG 

•510 J=0:I=1 JL 

• 520 SPRS AV5 , A$ : S0UND2 , 5000 , 500 , 1 , 20 , 500 , 
3 : FORX= 1T08 : IFXOJTHENSPRSAV A$ , X : MOVSPRX 
,RSPP0S(I,.),RSPP0S(I,1):SPRITEX,1,2,,,, 
1:M0VSPRX,(X-1)*45#1 IH 

•530 NEXT I A 

•540 IFJ=3THENSySP, ,24, . , , :PRINTCHR$(27)" 
Q";TAB(8)"STARPIL0T TWO WINS! ! "; :SLEEPB: 
CLR:GOT0580 OM 

•550 IFJ=1THENSYSP, ,24, . , . :PRINTCHR$(27)" 
Q";TAB(8)"STARPIL0T ONE WINS! !"; rSLEEPB: 
CLR:G0T0580 KI 

•560 SYSP,,24,.,.:PRINTCHR$(27)"Q";" MID 
-AIR COLLISION ENDS IN STALEMATE !!";: FOR 
X=.T0150:COLORO,(XAND15)+1:FORA=1T050:NE 
XTA,X:CLR:G0T0580 MK 

•570 END IC 

•580 PRINTCHR$(147) :GRAPHIC0:P0KE208, .:P0 
KE53248+21,.:RUN20 DG 

•590 REM WEAPONS LL 

•600 DATA LASER TORPEDOES, PHOTON CHARGES, 
PLASMA TRACERS, NUCLEAR MISSILES MI 
•610 REM ARMOR BG 

•620 DATA CHROMIUM PLATING, DEFLECTOR WEB, 
KIRLIAN FIELD, SHRELL SPHERE CG 

•630 REM ENGINES IN 



IMPHRTA MTI '-^^^''^ °" ^^''^ background are Bug Repellent line codes. Do not enter themi Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes 
ll"l I Un IMn I ! and provide otiier essential intofmation on entering Ahoy! programs. Refer to these pages t>efore entering any programsl 



•640 DATA ATOMICS, ION PROPULSION, TACH YON 
DRIVE, HALYCON OVERTHRUSTER DO 

650 REM MENU MC 

660 SYS52330 , , 14 , . , . : PRINTTAB( 20-LEN ( A$ ) 
/2);A$:PRINT:PRINT HH 

670 PRINTTAB(C)"PLAYER #";INT(Z/2+.6) ;" 
(<[s C][s C]»":PRINTTAB(C)"$"X*100:I=1 AE 
680 SYSP,, 20, C,.: PRINT ;HI$;A$(A+I-1)CHR$ 
(27)"Q" NJ 

F0RJ=1T090:NEXT GJ 

J=JOY(Z/2+.6):IFJ>127THENSOUNDl,2000 



69 
70 
,1 
71 
72 
73' 
74 
75 
76 
77 
781 
79 
801 
81 
82 
831 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88' 
89' 
901 

91 
92 
931 
941 
95 
961 
97 
981 
991 

101 

101 

102i 

103' 

104 

105' 

1061 

107 

1081 

1091 

llOi 

11 

11 

11 



LAPS 

FROM PAGE 63 



RETURN : ELSEIFJO3ANDJO7THEN700 FI 

IFJ=3THENI=I+1:IFA+I~1>BTHENI=1 CI 

IFJ=7THENI=I-1:IFI<1THEN660 AJ 

GOT0680 CK 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DAT AOOO , 064 , 000 , 000 , 096 , 000 , 000 ,112 JL 

DATAOOO , 000 , 1 20 , 000 , 000 ,124, 000 , 000 JE 

DATAl 27, 192, 000, 060, 063, 255, 255, 255 LF 

DATA255, 255, 255, 254, 063, 252, 124, 063 LN 

DATA255 , 1 28 , 056 , 000 . 000 , 048 , 000 , 000 HO 

DATA032 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 KD 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , VjO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 028 FM 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , r/jO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , r/jO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAr//j , 000 , 000 , 002 , 000 , 000 , 006 , 000 PG 

DATAV/j , 014 , 000 , 000 , 030 , 000 , 000 , 062 EG 

DATAOOO, 003, 254, 255, 252, 060, 255, 255 CD 

DATA255, 127, 255, 255, 062, 063, 252, 001 EH 

DATA 2 5 5 , 2 5 2 , 000 , 000 , 028 , 000 , 000 ,012 BG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 004 , 000 , 000 , 000 , r//j , 000 FK 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , VjO , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 028 FM 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 FG 

DATA048 , 000 , 003 , 003 , 016 , 192 , 000 , 000 OL 

DATAOOO , 049 , 003 , 076 , 000 , 032 , 000 , 004 PM 

DAT A002 , 1 6 , 048 , 1 36 , 003 , 002 , 034 , 000 EP 

DATA016, 000, 132, 000, 136, 003, 194, 000 DM 

DATAOOO , 000 , 000 ,132, 004 , 1 36 , 000 , 000 LC 

DATAOOO , 140 , 1 92 , 072 , 000 , 004 , 000 , 019 BM 

DATAOOO, 193,000,048,000,000,000,012 PM 

DATA048 , 12 , 1 92 , 003 , 000 , 000 , 000 , 000 IC 



10 REM LAPS BY JC HILTY HJ 

20 P0KE53280,0:P0KE53281 ,0: PRINT" [CLEAR] 
"TAB(18)"[c 7]LAPS" EC 

30 PRINTTAB(4)"[4"[D0WN]"]PLEASE WAIT [8" 
."JREADING DATA" PG 

40 GOSUB1520 FJ 

50 PRINT"[CLEAR][GREEN]PLEASE ENTER THE 
NAME OF PLAYER 1[4"."]" NC 

60 PRINT"[4"."]UP TO 10 LETTERS" AF 

70 INPUTA$:IFLEN(A$)>irjTHEN50 DD 

80 PRINT"[CLEAR][WHITE]PLEASE ENTER THE 
NAME OF PLAYER 2 [4"."]" GO 

90 PRINT"[4"."]UP TO 10 LETTERS" AF 

IV) INPUTB$:IFLEN(B$)>10THEN80 FK 

110 G0SUB129fj FP 

120 D=PEEK(V+30) FI 

130 GOSUB1150 FK 

140 SYS850,23,8:PRINT"[YELL0W]PRESS FIRE 
TO START[4"."]" GO 

150 P0KE49522,1:P0KE49523,8:P0KE49524,30 
: P0KE49525 , 23 : P0KE49526 , 23 DO 

160 SYS49152 KF 

170 SYS828:IFST=rjTHENF0RT=0T088:NEXT:G0T 
0160 EG 

180 IF(PEEK(3)AND16)>r/rHEN2r/j GP 

190 FORT=OT050:NEXT:GOT0160 AO 

200 SYS850,23,8:PRINT"[23" "]" JL 

210 G0SUB1260 FK 

220 POKE2040,195:POKE2042,197:LP=0 MP 

230 POKEV+37 , 1 : POKEV+38 , 2 : SYS828 : IFST=OT 
HEN290 FK 

240 IFPEEK(3)=lTHENMP=MP+5:IFMP>3r/jTHENM 
P=300 LD 

250 IFPEEK( 3)=2THENMP=MP-5 : IFMP<50THENMP 



:=50 



LC 
OG 
CP 



260 IFPEEK(3)=4THENXl=Xl-6 
270 IFPEEK(3)=8THENXl=Xl+6 
280 P0KEV+8,X1:SYS850,1,9:PRINT"[3" "]": 
SYS850 ,1,8: PRINT" [ YELLOW ] "MP lA 

290 POKEV+37 , 2 : POKEV+38 , 1 : TM=TM+INT(600/ 
MP) IN 

300 LP=LP+l:IFLP=ir/jTHEN390 OP 

310 IFMP>250THENPOKE2045 , 194:POKEV+ll , 14 
2:GOT0340 FA 

320 IFMPM50THENP0KE2045, 193:P0KEV+11,12 
2:GOT0340 LE 

330 POKE2045,192:POKEV+ll,114:GOT0340 BA 
340 Y1=Y1+1:IFY1>130THENP0KE2046,194 DN 
350 IFY1>150THENY1=110:POKE2046,192:GOTO 
370 MP 

360 IFY1<130ANDY1>122THENP0KE2046,193 BD 
370 POKEV+13 , Y 1 : IFPEEK( V+30) AND16THENG0S 

AHOri 107 



UB1070 
•380 G0T0230 
•390 IFE=0THEN410 
•400 G0T0770 



MI 

CF 
PH 
CK 



•410 POKE49522,2:POKE49523,0:POKE49524,38 

: P0KE49525 , 3 : P0KE49526 , 7 : POKE2040 ,199 CL 
•420 LP=0 ID 

• 430 POKEV+37 , 1 : POKEV+38 , 2 : SYS828 : IFST=fjT 
HEN480 FH 

•440 IFPEEK(3)=lTHENMP=MP+5:IFMP>3r/jTHENM 

P=300 LD 

•450 IFPEEK(3)=2THENMP=MP-5:IFMP<50THENMP 

=50 LC 

•460 IFPEEK(3)=4THENXl=Xl-6 OG 

•470 IFPEEK(3)=8THENXl=Xl+6 CP 

• 480 IFMP>250THENP0KE2045 , 194 :P0KEV+11 , 13 

8:X1=X1+10:G0T0510 BI 

• 490 IFMP>150THENPOKE2045 , 193 : POKEV+U , 12 

2:X1=X1+7:G0T0510 HE 

•500 POKE2045,192:POKEV+il,n4:Xl=Xl+4 OG 
•510 Y1=Y1+1:IFY1>130THENP0KE2046,194 DN 

•520 IFY1>150THENY1=110:POKE2046,192:GOTO 

540 MM 

•530 IFY1<130ANDY1>122THENP0KE2046,193 BD 
•540 P0KEV+8,X1:SYS850,1,9:PRINT"[3" "]": 

SYS850 ,1,8: PRINT" [ YELLOW ] "MP lA 

• 550 POKEV+37 , 2 : POKEV+38 , 1 : TM=TM+INT( 600/ 
MP):P0KEV+13,Y1 GK 

•560 SYS49152:LP=LP+1:IFLP=60THEN590 IC 

•570 IFPEEK(V+30)AND16THENGOSUB1070 BJ 

•580 G0T0430 CH 

• 590 POKE49522 , 1 : POKE49523 , : POKE49524 , 38 

: POKE49525 , 3 : POKE49526 , 7 : P0KE2040 ,195 KG 
•600 LP=0:POKE2O42,20O OP 

• 610 POKEV+37 , 1 : POKEV+38 , 2 : SYS828 : IFST=fjT 
HEN660 FP 

• 620 IFPEEK( 3)=lTHENMP=MP+5 ; IFMP>3r/jTHENM 
P=300 LD 

• 630 IFPEEK( 3 )=2THENMP=MP-5 : IFMP<50THENMP 

-50 LC 

•640 IFPEEK(3)=4THENXl=Xl-6 OG 

•650 IFPEEK(3)=8THENXl=Xl+6 CP 

• 660 IFMP>250THENPOKE2045 , 194 : POKEV+1 1 , 13 

8:X1-X1-10:G0T0690 CG 

•670 IFMP>150THENP0KE2045,193:P0KEV+11,12 

2:X1=X1-7:G0T0690 IC 

•680 P0KE2045,192:P0KEV+ll,114:Xl=Xl-4 OF 
•690 Yl=Yl+l:IFYl>13rjTHENPOKE2046,194 DN 
•700 IFY1>150THENY1=110:POKE2046, 192:GOTO 

720 JI 

•710 IFY1<130ANDY1>122THENP0KE2046,193 BD 
•720 P0KEV+8,X1:SYS850,1,9:PRINT"[3" "]": 

SYS850 ,1,8: PRINT" [ YELLOW ] "MP I A 

• 730 POKEV+37 , 2 : POKEV+38 , 1 :TM=TM+INT(600/ 
MP):P0KEV+13,Y1 GK 

• 740 SYS49152 :LP=LP+1 : IFLP=60THENE=1 : GOTO 
220 BL 

•750 IFPEEK(V+30)AND16THENGOSUB1070 BJ 

W8 AHOri 



760 G0T0610 CD 

770 L(Z)=TM/10:P0KES+4,128 BK 

780 ONZGOTO860,870,88O,890,900,910 EL 
790 LP=0:E=0:Z=Z+1:MP=50:TM=0 NF 

800 SYS850,1,9:PRINT"[3" "]":SYS850,1,8: 
PRINT" [YELLOW] "MP DA 

810 IFC$=A$THENC$=B$:GOT0830 IL 

820 C$=A$ lA 

830 SYS850, 1,27: PRINT" [10" "]":SYS850,1, 
27:PRINTC$ MJ 

840 X1=164:P0KEV+8.X1:P0KE2045,192:P0KEV 
+11,114:P0KE2046,192:Y1=114:P0KEV+13,Y1 AM 
850 D=PEEK(V+30):G0T0130 KL 

860 SYS850, 18, 9: PRINT" [ YELLOW ]"L(Z): GOTO 
790 GN 

870 SYS850,18,29:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(Z):G0T 
0790 GH 

880 SYS850,19,9:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(Z):G0T0 
790 HE 

890 SYS850, 19, 29: PRINT" [ YELLOW ]"L(Z): GOT 
0790 JM 

900 SYS850,20,9:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(Z) :G0T0 
790 HA 

910 SYS850,20,29:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(Z) PB 
920 L(7)=INT((L(1)+L(3)+L(5))/3):SYS850, 
21,9:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(7) GJ 

930 L(8)=INT((L(2)+L(4)+L(6))/3):SYS850, 
21,29:PRINT"[YELL0W]"L(8) JK 

940 IFL(7)>L(8)THENW$=B$:GOT0970 JC 
950 IFL(8)>LC7)THENW$=A$:GOT0970 JB 
960 IFL(7)=L(8)THENW$="TIE" AB 

970 SYS850,23,16:PRINT"[c 3]"W$ JD 
980 F0RT=0T06000:NEXT:P0KEV+21,0 MM 
990 PRINT"[CLEAR][8"[D0WN]"]"A$" "L(7); 
PRINT NH 

1000 PRINTB$" "L(8):PRINT EB 

1010 PRINT"THE WINNER WAS "W$: PRINT :PRIN 



Y OR N" 



HJ 
DG 
PD 
LJ 
FG 
IC 



1020 PRINT" [YELLOW] PLAY AGAIN 
1030 GETJK$ : IFJK$<>""THEN1030 
1040 GETR$ : IFR$=""THEN1040 
1050 IFR$="Y"THEN50 
1060 END 

1 070 F0RX=fjT024 : POKES+X , : NEXT : POKES+24 , 
15 : POKES+5 , 8 : POKES+6 , 255 : POKES+4 , 85 AH 
1080 Fl=100 : F2=230 : FORX= lT08fJ : POKES , Fl : P 
0KE2044 , 201 : POKES+15 , F2 : P0KE2044 ,194 LK 
1090 F2=F2-2:F1=F1*.99:NEXT:P0KES+6,15 NI 
1100 Y1=114:P0KEV+13,Y1:X1=164:P0KEV+8,X 
1:P0KE2045,192:P0KE2046,192:P0KEV+11,114 AE 
1 110 TM=TM+20 :MP=50: SYS850 ,1,9: PRINT" [ 3" 
"]":SYS850, 1,8 :PRINT"[ YELLOW] "MP LJ 
1120 D=PEEK(V+30) FI 

1130 GOSUBl 260: RETURN CP 

1140 REM INITIAL FANFARE IJ 

1150 FORX=OT024: POKES+X, 0: NEXT PM 
1160 RESTORE 10 

1170 P0KES+5,85:P0KES+6,85:P0KES+12,85:P 



0KES+13,85:P0KES+24,15:P0KES+4,33 LA 
•1180 POKES+11,17 KH 

•1190 F0RX=0T05 JO 

•Ur/) READH1,N1,H2,N2:P0KES+1,H1:P0KES,N1 

:POKES+8,H2:POKES+7,N2 AB 

•1210 IFH1=50THENFORT=OT0200:NEXT LP 
•1220 F0RT=0T01 00: NEXT -.NEXT ID 

•1230 F0RX=0T024:P0KES+X,0:NEXT PM 
•1240 RETURN IM 

•1250 REM CAR SOUND PM 

•1260 F0RX=0T024:P0KES+X,0:NEXT PM 
•1270 P0KES,251:P0KES+1,05:P0KES+5,129:P0 
KES+6, 65 :P0KES+24, 15 :P0KES+4, 129: RETURN MJ 
•1280 REM INITIALIZE PLAYING SCREEN HM 
•1290 MP=50:V=53248: 8=54272 :TM=0:X1=164:L 
P=0:E=0:Z=1:C$=A$:Y1=114 HD 

•13f/J PRINT" [CLEAR]" :POKE53280,0:POKE5328 
1,0 CD 

I •ISIO PRINTTAB(4)"[WHITE]MPH[WHITE]"MP;TA 
' B( 21)" [WHITE] RACER [ CYAN ]"A$: PRINT PH 
•1320 PRINTTAB(7)"[RVS0N][c 7] "TAB(19)" 
":PRINTTAB(7)"[RVS0N] "TAB(19)" "TAB(31) 
' " " BG 

•1330 PRINTTAB(2)"[RVS0N] [RVS0FF][4" "][ 
RVSON] [RVS0FF][4" "][RVSON] [RVS0FF][5 
" "] [RVSON] [RVS0FF][5" "] [RVSON] [RVSOF 
F][5" "] [RVSON] " 10 

•1340 PRINTTAB(2)"[RVS0N] [RVSOFF] [RVSON 
] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [4" "]tRVSO 
N] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [3" 
"] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [R 
VS0FF][3" "] [RVSON] [RVSOFF] [RVSON] [R 
VS0FF][3" "] [RVSON] " JH 

1350 PRINT" [RVSON] [39" "]" GO 

1360 PRINT"[7"[D0WN]"] [CYAN] [RVSON] [39" 
"]" GD 

1370 PRINTTAB(3)"[RVS0N][c 7]"A$;TAB(18) 
"[CYAN] "TAB(23)"[c 7]"B$ AM 

1380 PRINTTAB( 18) "[CYAN] [RVSON] ": PRINT 
TAB(3)"[c 7]LAP 1"TAB( 18) "[RVSON] [CYAN] 

[RVS0FF]"TAB(23)"[c 7]LAP 1" CP 

1390 PRINTTAB(3)"[c 7]LAP 2"TAB(18)"[RVS 
ON] [CYAN] [RVS0FF]"TAB(23)"[c 7] LAP 2" OP 
1400 PRINTTAB(3)"[c 7]LAP 3"TAB(18)"[RVS 
ON] [CYAN] [RVSOFF] "TAB( 23)" [c 7] LAP 3" BB 
1410 PRINT" [c 7]AVERAGE"TAB(18)"[RVSON] 
[CYAN] [RVSOFF] [c 7]AVERAGE" GN 
1420 PRINTTAB( 15) "[RVSON] [CYAN] WINNER "PC 
1430 POKEV+37 , 1 : POKEV+38 , 2 : POKEV+43 , 2 : PO 
KEV+44,5 FL 

1440 P0KE2040 , 195 : POKE2041 , 196 : P0KE2042 , 
197:P0KE2043,198:P0KE2044,194 EF 

1450 POKE2045 , 192 : POKEV+28 , 15 : POKEV+29 , 1 
27:POKEV+23,15 GN 

1460 POKEV , 104 : POKEV+1 ,114: POKEV+2 , 56 : PO 
KEV+3,138 CP 

1470 POKEV+4 , 200 : POKEV+5 ,114: POKEV+6 . 248 
:P0KEV+7,138 ND 



1480 POKEV+8 , 164 : POKEV+9 , 146 : POKEV+ 10, 14 
0: POKEV+1 1,114 IL 

1490 P0KE2046 , 192 : POKEV+45 , 7 : POKEV+12 , 15 
7:P0KEV+13,110 EG 

1500 POKEV+21,127:D=PEEK(V+30) FF 

1510 RETURN IM 

1520 FORX=OT05:READH1,N1,H2,N2:NEXT ND 
1530 F0RX=49152T049528:READA:P0KEX,A:NEX 
T LP 

1540 F0RX=12288T012926:READA:P0KEX,A:NEX 
T IH 

1550 F0RX=828T0848:READA:P0KEX,A:NEXT PA 
1560 F0RX=850T0865:READA:P0KEX,A:NEXT MM 
1570 DIML(8) GD 

1580 RETURN IM 

1590 REM FANFARE DATA KH 

1600 DATA 25,30,18,209,33,135,25,30,42,6 
2,31,165,50,60,37,162.42,62,31,165 FA 
1610 DATA 50,60,37,162 OJ 

1620 REM SCROLL DATA GJ 

1630 DATA 174,114,193,224,3,144,3,76,117 
,192,188,114,193,140,121,193,174 GI 
1640 DATA 118,193,232,202,32,30,193,172, 
121,193,173,119,193,201,2,208,10 EL 
1650 DATA 169.32,72,173,33,208,72,76,50, 
192,177,90,72.177,92,72,204 CN 

1660 DATA 116,193,240,20,200,177,90,72,1 
77,92,136,145,92,104,145,90,200 CI 
1670 DATA 204,116,193,208,238,240,18,136 
,177,90.72,177,92,200,145,92,104 AK 
1680 DATA 145,90,136,204,115,193,208,238 
,173,119,193,201,0,208,5,104,104 KD 
1690 DATA 76,111,192,104,145,92,104,145, 
90,236,117,193,208,160,96,172,116 OJ 
170fJ DATA 193,200,189,114,193,170,32,30, 
193,173,120,193,201,2,208,19,136 OP 
1710 DATA 169,32,153,122,193,173,33,208, 
153,162,193,204,115,193,208,239,240 KB 
1720 DATA 16,136,177,90,153,122,193.177, 
92,153,162,193,204,115,193,208,240 CE 
1730 DATA 236,117,193,240,37,202,32,30,1 
93,172,116,193,200,136,177,90,72 MG 
1740 DATA 177,92,32,48,193,145,92,104,14 
5,90,32,56,193,204,115,193,208 HJ 
1750 DATA 234,236,117,193,208,221,240,46 
,202,206,118,193,232,32,30,193,172 GF 
1760 DATA 116,193,200,136,32,48,193,177, 
90,72,177,92,32,56.193,145,92 IC 

1770 DATA 104,145,90,204,115,193,208,234 
,236,118,193,208,221,238,118,193,232 AL 
1780 DATA 32.30,193,173,120,193,201.0,24 
0,20,172,115,193,136,200,185,162 DK 
1790 DATA 193,145,92,185,122,193,145,90, 
204,116,193,208,240,96,189,89,193 EP 
1800 DATA 133,91,24,105,212,133,93,189,6 
4,193,133,90,133.92.96,72,152 lA 

1810 DATA 24,105,40,168,104.96,72.152,56 
, 233 , 40 , 168 , 104 , 96 , , 40, 80 LL 



AHOYl 109 



|m|pf>||TA |k|T| l-etters on white background are Bug Repellent line codes. Do not enter themi Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes 
I IVI I Un InN I ■ and provide other essential information on entering Ahoy! programs. Refer to these pages before entering any programs! 



1820 DATA 120,160,200,240,24,64, lOA, 144, 
184,224,8,48,88,128,168,208,248 LK 
1830 DATA 32,72,112,152,192,4,4,4,4,4,4, 
4,5,5,5,5,5 JG 

1840 DATA 5,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,7,7,7,7,7,2,0, 
29,0,21,1,1 LD 

1850 REM SPRITE DATA IB 

1860 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 
0,0,0,0,84,0,0,124,0,0,16,0,0,186,0 JK 
1870 DATA 0.255,0,0,146,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 
0,0,0,0.0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 KB 
1880 DATA 0,0 BC 

1890 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 
0,0,0,0,16,0,0,186,0,0,255,0,0,146,0 GP 
1900 DATA 0,56,0,0,124,0,3,108,128,3,41, 
128,3,255,128,3,57,128,3,17,128 EP 
1910 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 JH 
1920 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 
0,0,0,6,24,96,6,126,96,7,255,224 NK 
1930 DATA 6,126,96,6,24,96,0,60,0,248,12 
6,31,248,231,31,248,195,31 10 

1940 DATA 255.195,255,255,195,255,248,25 
5,31,248,126,31,248,24,31,248,0,31,0 U 
1950 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,4.0,0,48,0,0,2 
40,0,1,64,0,5,0,0,60,0,0,240,0,1,64,0 KM 
1960 DATA 5,64,0,21,0,0,252,0,0,240,0,0, 
192,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 KN 
1970 DATA 0,0,0,0 NG 

1980 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,15,0,0,21,0,0, 
85,0,1,84,0,15,240,0,63,192,0,255,0 JE 
1990 DATA 3,252,0,5,80,0,21,64,0,85,64,0 
,85,0,0,84,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 EH 
2000 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 PD 

2010 DATA 0,0,0,192,0,0,16,0,0,12.0,0,15 
,0,0,1,64,0,0,80,0,0,60,0,0,15,0 EP 
2020 DATA 0,1,64,0,1,80,0,0,84,0,0,63,0, 
0,15,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.0 BD 
2030 DATA 0,0,0,0,0 DH 

2040 DATAO , , , 192 , , , 240 , , , 84 , , , 85 
,0,0,21,64,0,15,240.0,3,252,0,0,255,0 BB 
2050 DATA 0,63,192,0,5,80,0,1,84,0,1,85, 
0,0,85,0,0,21,0,0,0.0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 GL 
2060 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 PD 

2070 DATA 0,0,0,192,0.0,16,0,0,12.0,0,12 
,0,0,1,64,0,0,192,0,0,192,0,0,192,0 BD 
2080 DATA 1,64,0,5,64.0,21,0,0.252,0,0,2 
40,0,0,192,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 AH 
2090 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 PD 

2100 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,4,0,0,48,0,0,4 
8,0,0,64,0,3,0,0,3,0,0,3,0,0,1,64 EJ 
2110 DATA 0,1,80,0,0,84,0,0,63,0,0,15,0, 
0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 IH 
2120 DATA 0,0,0,0 NG 

2130 DATA 0,0,0,76,1,0,00,128.4,32,4,32, 
0,48,0,8,0,0,0,32,48,80,0,130,3,12,0 KI 
2140 DATA 0,0,4,32,0,128,0,36,0.0,0,192, 



201,0,4,0,0,0,19,32,192,0,4,0,32,0,1 GH 
>2150 DATA 4,192,0,0,4,8,0,0,0 NC 

•2160 REM JOYSTICK DATA CP 

•2170 DATA 173,0,220,41,31.73,31,133,3,17 

3,1,220,73,255,133,2,5,3,133,144,96 KJ 
•2180 REM JD 

■2190 DATA 32,155,183,138,72,32,155,183,1 

04,170,164,101,24,76,240,255 HG 



FRACTALS 



FRAaAL MAKER 



1 REM 

2 REM 

3 REM 

4 REM 

5 REM 

6 REM 

7 REM 



FRACTAL MAKER 
C-128 

RUPERT REPORT #40 



OM 
JD 
BM 
KC 
JD 
OH 
JD 



8 REM ================================== OM 



9 GRAPHIC 1,1 

1 
2i 



REM FIX BASIC BUG GK 
REM DEFINE ALL VARIABLES FH 
REM FREE VARIABLE MEMORY MA 

KB 

MM 



GOSUB 8000 

MEM=FRE(1) 

BP=10 :REM BYTES PER POINT 

PI=3. 14159265 : P2=2*PI : P0=PI/2 

DEF FNR(X)=INT(X+.5) rREM ROUND OFF 

REM ================================: 

GOSUB 9000 :REM MENU 



GOSUB 2000 
GOSUB 3000 
GOSUB 4000 
GOSUB 5000 
GOSUB 6000 



KO 
10 
FN 
PG 
NE 
HM 
GG 



REM INITIALIZE 
REM WINDOW SET-UP 
REM GET GENERATOR 
REM DRAW ALL LEVELS 
REM SHOW MIN/MAX VALUES GH 
PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY FOR MENU" PF 
GETKEY K$ AM 

RUN :REM BACK TO MENU CM 
999 END :=============================== IK 

00 REM ======= INITIALIZATION ======== PA 

10 READ N,R :REM # LINE SEGMENTS, 
HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS HN 

20 ML=FNR(LOG(MEM/BP)/LOG(N)) :REM MAX 
LEVEL AO 

30 NP=FNR(N[UPARROW]ML) :REM # P 
NTS PH 

40 SS=NP/N :REM SAVE INCR. HB 

45 IF NP>6000 THEN ML=ML-1 : GOTO 2030 ON 



50 DIM X(NP),Y(NP) :REM POINTS 
60 DIM DX(N),DY(N) :REM DELTAS 
70 RETURN 

00 REM ======= SET UP WINDOW ========= 

10 GRAPHIC 2,1,23 :REM SPLIT SCREEN 
20 :REM VIEWPORT COORDINATES 



KC 
JA 
IM 
CH 
EA 
JC 



30 VL=0 : VR=320 



:REM LEFT, RIGHT CI 



m AHOYl 



3040 VB=0 : VT=200 :REM BOTTOM, TOP MK 
3050 :REM WORLD COORDINATES HG 

3060 READ WL,WR,WB,WT :REM WORLD MIN.MAX CG 



3070 WL=WL/R : WR=WR/R 

3080 WB=WB/R : WT=WT/R 

3090 A=(VR-VL)/(WR-WL) 

3100 B=VL-A*WL 

3110 C=(VT-VB)/CWT-WB) 

3120 D=VB-C*WB 

3130 XN=1E38 : YN=XN 

3140 XX=-1E38 : YX=XX 

3150 RETURN 



:REM ACTUAL MIN 
:REM ACTUAL MAX 



CD 
FD 
CM 
OD 

FK 
OD 
MO 
NM 
IM 



4000 REM ======= GET GENERATOR ======== PG 



4010 REM — GENERATOR ENDPOINTS 

4020 X(0)=0 : Y(0)=0 

4030 X(NP)=1 : Y(NP)=0 

4040 REM — GENERATOR MIDPOINTS 

4050 FOR J-SS TO NP-1 STEP SS 

4060 READ X,Y 

4070 X(J)=X/R : Y(J)=Y/R 

4080 NEXT J 

4090 REM — CALCULATE DELTAS — 

4100 FOR J=l TO N 

4110 DX(J)=X(J*SS)-X((J-1)*SS) 

4120 DY(J)=Y(J*SS)-Y((J-1)*SS) 

4130 NEXT J 

4140 RETURN 



HH 
LH 
NL 
LI 
KG 
GJ 
GI 
MM 
MB 
JI 
DL 
CG 
MM 
IM 



5000 REM ======= DRAW ALL LEVELS ======= JG 



5010 :F0R LEVEL=1 TO ML 
5020 IS=FNR(N[UPARR0W](LEVEL-1)) 
M INIT # SEGS 

5030 FS=FNR(N[UPARROW]LEVEL) 
FINAL # SEGS 
5040 SR=NP/IS 
5050 SS=NP/FS 
5060 K$="" ; GET K$ 
5070 SCNCLR 2 : PRINT 



FM 



:RE 



FP 



:REM 



DB 

REM READ INCREMENT NJ 

REM WRITE INCREMENT BK 

IF K$<>"" THEN 5060 DJ 

"#" VS ": LEVEL =" 



LEVEL "OF" ML "; # PTS. =" FS+1 LA 

5080 XL=X(0) : YUY(O) :REM LEFT ENDPT. GC 

5090 X=XL : Y=YL JE 

5100 GOSUB 7200 :REM CONVERT GA 

5110 DRAW l.XP.YP :REM INITIAL PT. ML 

5120 REM — STEP THRU EACH SEGMENT — BD 

5130 ::F0R SG=SR TO NP STEP SR HK 



5140 XR=X(SG) 

5150 DX=XR-XL 

5160 L=SQR(DX*DX + DY*DY) 

5170 GOSUB 7010 

5180 CS=C0S(P2-AN) 

5190 NDX=SG-SR 

5200 XO=XL : YO=YL 



YR=Y(SG) :REM RT. ENDPT OF 
DY=YR-YL :REM DELTAS JB 
REM SEG LNTH. LP 
REM GET ANGLE EI 
SN=SIN(P2-AN) DB 
:REM WRITE INDEX CA 
:REM SEG. ORIGIN GN 
5210 GET K$ : IF K$<>"" THEN GOSUB 7300 AM 
5220 REM — STEP THRU EACH SUBSEGMENT — FH 



5230 :::FOR SB=1 TO N-1 




IC 


5240 V=XL+L*DX(SB) 




CM 


5250 W=YL+L*DY(SB) 




OL 


5260 VO=V-XO : WO=W-YO 


:REM TRANSLATE 


JE 


5270 X=VO*CS+WO*SN+XO 


:REM ACTUAL ... 


MG 



5280 Y=-VO*SN+WO*CS+YO : REM ... COORDS EJ 
5290 GOSUB 7200 :REM GET SCREEN PTS PN 
5300 DRAW TO XP,YP AL 

5310 GOSUB 7100 :REM SAVE MIN/MAX BI 
5320 NDX=NDX+SS :REM INCR. WRITE INDEX HH 
5330 X(NDX)=X : Y(NDX)=Y :REM SAVE PT HC 



5340 XL=V : YL=W 
5350 :::NEXT SB 
5360 X=XR : Y=YR 
5370 GOSUB 7200 
5380 DRAW TO XP.YP 
5390 XL=XR : YL=YR 
5400 ::NEXT SG 



:REM NEXT LEFT PT DP 
MF 

LI 
GA 



:REM CONVERT 

:REM LAST SUBSEG PL 

:REM NEXT SEG LEFT PT EK 

JC 

5410 IF LEVEL<ML THEN PRINT"PRESS ANY KE 
Y FOR -NEXT LEVEL-" BP 

5420 IF LEVEL>=ML THEN PRINT"PRESS ANY K 
EY FOR ACTUAL SCREEN SIZES" PJ 

5430 GETKEY K$ AM 

5440 :NEXT LEVEL EN 

5450 RETURN IM 

6000 REM ======= DISPLAY MIN/MAX ===== MC 

6010 GRAPHIC 0,1 GK 

6020 PRINT "#" VS ": XMIN , XMAX , YMIN , YMAX 

: " GA 

6030 FM$="[3"#"].##[3" "][3"#"].##[3" "] 
[3"#"].##[3" "][3"#"].##" GH 

6040 PRINT USING FM$;XN*R,XX*R,YN*R,YX*R FA 
6050 RETURN IM 

7000 REM SUBROUTINES AC 

7010 REM — FIND SEGMENT ANGLE — ME 
7020 IF DX=0 THEN AN=PO-(DY<0)*PI : GOTO 

7060 HD 

7030 AN=ATN(DY/DX) CI 

7040 IF DX<0 THEN AN=AN+PI : GOTO 7060 JB 
7050 IF DY<0 THEN AN=AN+P2 LG 

7060 RETURN IM 

71''/j REM — FIND MIN/MAX VALUES — BB 
7110 IF X<XN THEN XN=X JH 

7120 IF X>XX THEN XX=X JN 

7130 IF Y<YN THEN YN=Y JF 

7140 IF Y>YX THEN YX=Y JL 

7150 RETURN IM 

7200 REM -CONVERT X,Y TO SCREEN COORDS -AN 
7210 XP=A*X+B 10 

7220 YP=200-C*Y-D 01 

7230 IF XP>VR THEN XP=VR DC 

7240 IF XP<VL THEN XP=VL DA 

7250 IF YP>VT THEN YP=VT EK 

7260 IF YP<VB THEN YP=VB CI 

7270 RETURN IM 

7300 REM STOP OR CONTINUE CH 

7310 PRINT "<C>ONTINUE OR <M>ENU?" 01 
7320 GETKEY K$ : IF K$="M" THEN RUN NH 
7330 PRINT "#" VS ": LEVEL =" LEVEL "OF" 

ML "; # PTS. =" FS+1 JC 

7340 RETURN IM 

8000 REM DEFINE ALL VARIABLES — DK 

8010 X=0 : Y=0 : XL=0 : YL=0 : XR=0 : YR=0 : L=0 : V=0 



AHOYl W 



: W=0 : V0=0 : W0=0 : CS=0 : SN=f"J : N=0 N J 

8020 X0=0 : Y0=0 : XP=0 : YP=0 : NDX=0 : SS=0 : SB=0 
:XN=0:XX=0:YN-0:YX=0:A=0 CB 

8030 B=0 : C=0 : D=0 : VR=0 : VL=0 : VT=0 : VB=0 : DX= 
: DY=0 1 SG=0 : AN=0 : PI=0 : VS=0 PP 

8040 WL=0 : WR=0 : WT=0 : WB=0 : J=0 : IS=0 : FS=0 : S 



R=0:K$="":LEVEL=0:FM$="" 

8050 RETURN 

9000 REM ======= MENU ======= 

9010 GRAPHIC 0,1 
9020 PRINT"1. TWIDDLES" 
9030 PRINT"2. ZIG-ZAG" 
9040 PRINT"3. PYRAMIDS" 
9050 PRINT"4. KITE TAIL" 
9060 PRINT"5. BLUEPRINT" 
9070 PRINT"6. ORTHOGONALITY" 



DIADEM" 

RORSCHACH" 

LACE" 

:REM # OF SELECTIONS 



NB 
IM 
MB 
GK 
AD 
EJ 
KG 
PN 
AN 
CI 
CE 
DO 
IM 
CM 
JJ 



9080 PRINT"?. 

9090 PRINT"8. 

9100 PRINT"9. 

9110 NUMSEL=9 

9120 PRINT 

9130 PRINT "SELECT AN ITEM # OR PRESS 

<Q> TO QUIT" 

9140 GETKEY SS$ : IF SS$="Q" THEN END 

9150 VS=VAL(SS$) 

9160 IF VS<1 OR VS>NUMSEL THEN 9130 

9170 DL=1000fw-VS*100 :REM DATA LINE # 

9180 RESTORE DL :REM SET READ PTR. CA 

9190 RETURN IM 

9980 REM DATA STRUCTURE 

9990 REM -DO NOT CHANGE LINE NUMBERS- 

10000 REM 

10020 DATA N,R [# GENERATOR SEGMENTS, # 
HORIZONTAL DIVISIONS] 

If/J40 DATA XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, YMAX [IMAGE 
SIZE: XN, XX, YN, YX] FI 

10060 DATA XI, Yl, X2,Y2, ... [N-1 GENER- 
ATOR MIDPTS. OMIT 0,0 AND R,0 ENDPTS.] HC 



KD 
FA 
DN 

FJ 
AJ 



ME 
IN 
FH 
JD 

KC 



10080 REM 




JD 


lOlOTj REM - FRACTAL 1 




AE 


10120 DATA 8,4 




BO 


10140 DATA 0,4.2,-1.4,1 




LG 


10160 DATA 1.2,0, 1.2,. 8, 


1.8, .8, 1.8,0, 




1,0, 2,-1, 3,-1 




OA 


10180 REM 




JD 


10200 REM - FRACTAL 2 




AH 


10220 DATA 10.6 




EO 


10240 DATA -.2,6.2,-3,2.2 




DN 


10260 DATA 1,1, 2,2, 3,1, 


4,0, 3,-1, 2,0 




, 2,-1, 2,-2, 5,-1 




CJ 


10280 REM 




JD 


1030fJ REM - FRACTAL 3 




AG 


10320 DATA 8,4 




BO 


10340 DATA 0,4, -.5,1.5 




10 


10360 DATA 1,0, 2,0, 1,1, 


2,1, 3,1, 2,0, 




3,0 




IN 


10380 REM 




JD 



2,0, 2.5,-1, 3 



0400 REM - FRACTAL 4 AJ 

0420 DATA 7,3 CC 

0440 DATA 0,3,-1.4,1.4 OH 
0460 DATA 1,0, 2,1, 2,0, 1,0, 1,-1, 2,0MB 

0480 REM JD 

0500 REM - FRACTAL 5 AI 

0520 DATA 7,3 CC 

0540 DATA -3,3.5,-1.5,4.9 IE 

0560 DATA 0,2, 2,2, 2,1, 1,1, 1,0, 2,0 CA 

0580 REM JD 

0600 REM - FRACTAL 6 AL 

0620 DATA 7,5 CE 

0640 DATA -.5, 5, -.8, 3 KP 

0660 DATA 1,1, 2,2, 3,2, 4,2, 2,0, 4,0 MH 

0680 REM JD 

0700 REM - FRACTAL 7 AK 

0720 DATA 9,5 BO 

0740 DATA 0,5,-1.5,1.5 NH 
0760 DATA 1,0, 2,1, 3,1, 4,0, 1,0, 2,-1 

3,-1. 4.0 
0780 REM 

0800 REM - FRACTAL 8 
0820 DATA 10,5 
0840 DATA 0,5,-1.4,1.4 
0860 DATA 1,0, 1,1, 2,1, 
0, 3.1, 4,1, 4,0 
0880 REM 

0900 REM - FRACTAL 9 
0920 DATA 5,3 
0940 DATA 0,3, -.5, 2 
0960 DATA 1,0, 1,1, 2,1, 
0980 REM 

ir//j REM == SAVE IMAGE TO DISK == 
1010 INPUT"SAVE IMAGE WITH WHAT FILENAM 

E";FL$ LG 

1020 GRAPHIC 1 BB 

1040 BSAVE (FL$),P8192 TO P16191 IF 

1060 GRAPHIC AO 
1070 PRINT "TO DISPLAY IMAGE, TYPE 'GOT 

12[3"0"]' " DA 

1080 END IC 

2f"jOO REM == DISPLAY IMAGE FROM DISK == DJ 

2010 INPUT "DISPLAY WHAT FILE";FL$ DP 

2020 GRAPHIC 1,1 GP 

2030 BLOAD (FL$) AC 

2040 GRAPHIC AO 

2050 END IC 

3000 REM === HI-RES DUMP TO EPSON === MO 
3010 E$=CHR$(27) : Nl=200 : N2=0 :A$=""JA 

3020 OPEN 222,4 :PRINT#222,E$"A"CHR$(8) FB 

3030 FOR COL=0 TO 39 KB 

3040 FOR R0W=24 TO STEP -1 MJ 

3050 M=8192+8*COL+320*ROW OD 

3060 FOR LNE=7 TO STEP -1 MH 

3070 A$=A$+CHR$(PEEK(M+LNE)) IB 

3080 NEXT LNE : NEXT ROW AJ 

3085 FOR DUP=1 TO 2 DG 

3090 PRINT#222,E$"K"CHR$(N1)CHR$(N2)A$; DO 



2,0 



PL 

JD 
AN 
EP 
MF 

HF 
JD 
AM 

BI 
DO 
GO 
JD 
OC 



112 AHOY! 



IIUI PflRTANTt '-^^^ °" ^^''^ background are Bug Repett«nt line codes. Do not enter theml Pages 93 and 94 explain these codes 
llVIr Un Inll I ' and provide other essential Information on entering 4hoy/ programs. Refer to these pages belore entering any programsl 



•13095 PRINT#222,CHR$(141); : 


NEXT DUP : 




•6400 DATA 


PRINT#222 




BC 


•6408 DATA 


•13100 A$="" : NEXT COL 




BJ 


•6416 DATA 


•13110 PRINT#222 : CLOSE 222 


: END 


GL 


•6424 DATA 






m 


•6432 DATA 


CXTINPID BACKOna 


UND MOB 


•6440 DATA 


FROM PAOE 81 




•6448 DATA 
•6456 DATA 
•6464 DATA 









• 10 BANK15 : SUM=0: F0RI=6144T06466 : READJ : PC 
KEI , J : SUM=SUM+J : NEXT : IFSUM<>3228r/rHENPRI 
NT"ERROR IN DATA": END 
•20 SYS6144 

•6144 DATA 160,5,185,36,25,153,12,3 

•6152 DATA 136,16,247,169,0,141,67,25 

•6160 DATA 96,133,2,160,42,169,25,32 

•6168 DATA 226,67,144,7,105,166,162,0 

•6176 DATA 24,144,3,56,165,2,76,33 

•6184 DATA 67,201,43,144,4,56,76,205 

•6192 DATA 81.56,233,39,170,160,255,202 

•6200 DATA 48, 8, 2r/j, 185, 42, 25, 16, 250 

•6208 DATA 48,245,200,185,42,25,48,6 

•6216 DATA 32,12,86,76,66,24,41,127 

•6224 DATA 76,46,81,201,43,176,16,201 

•6232 DATA 39,240,44,201,40,240,12,201 

•6240 DATA 41,240,62,201,42,240,121,56 

•6248 DATA 76,169,75,169,255,133,216,169 

•6256 DATA 0,141,0,255,169,91,141,17 

•6264 DATA 208,169,253,141,38,3,169,24 

•6272 DATA 141,39,3,32,128,3,96,169 

•6280 DATA 0,133,216,141,0,255,169,27 

•6288 DATA 141,17,208,169,121,141,38,3 

•6296 DATA 169,239,141,39,3,32,128,3 

•6304 DATA 96,32,128,3,240,84,160,0 

•6312 DATA 140,68,25,172,68,25,192,4 

•6320 DATA 176,72,32,244,135,72,169,0 

•6328 DATA 141,0,255,202,48,60,138,172 

•6336 DATA 68,25, 153, 33, 208, 2r/j, 140, 68 

•6344 DATA 25,104,201,0,240,14,201,58 

•6352 DATA 240.10,201,44,208,36,32,128 

•6360 DATA 3,76,171,24,32,134,3,96 

•6368 DATA 32,128.3,240,21,201,49,144 

•6376 DATA 17,201,53,176,13,41,3,168 

•6384 DATA 185,63,25,141,67,25,32,128 

•6392 DATA 3,96,76,108,121,201,32,144 



32,201,128,144,4,201,160,144 EM 

24,72,173,67,25.240.17,16 IE 

11,169,128,133,243,173,67,25 KN 

41,1,240,4,104,9,128,72 MC 

104,76,121,239,17,24,41,24 JD 

83,24,69,88,84,79,70,198 BI 

69,88,84,79,206,69,88,84 JH 

67,79,204,69,88,212,0,129 BC 

0,1,128 NA 



IK 
HD 
OG 

DM 
JI 
HF 
PG 
HI 

FG 

KN 
GJ 
KC 
OF 
BJ 
KG 
AP 
JG 
FK 
EH 
JC 
LN 
CO 
HI 
JE 
PA 
CB 
DM 
BB 
FC 
JD 
KJ 
IE 
EJ 



LIST FOniMUlTTER 

ROM PA9I 85 



W) REM LIST FORMATTER —SHAWN K. SMITH ED 
110 S=5555:REM RELXATABLE PROGRAM - 'S' BK 
120 PRINT : PRINT" [RVSON][ CLEAR] [DOWN] LIST 
FORMATTER "; CO 

130 REM LIST FORMATTER ML CODE 64-BYTES AK 
140 DATA 1 73 , 007 , 003 , 201 , 028 , 144 . 006 , 169 FJ 
150 DATA 203,162,021,208,004,169,081,162 EP 
160 DATA 081, 141, 006, 003, 142, 007, Vj3, 096 LA 
1 70 DATA 008 , 201 . 058 , 208 , 026 , 036 ,017, 048 BN 
180 DATA 022, 169,013.032.012,086, 162,000 MN 
190 DATA 189 , 000 , 001 , 240 . 008 , 1 69 , 032 , 032 LL 
200 DATA 012,086,232,208,243,169,058.201 CP 
210 DATA 143,208,002.133,243,040,234,076 PO 
220 REM POKE ML STARTING AT ADDR. 'S' 01 
230 F0RD=ST0S+63: READY: POKED, Y:T=T+Y:NEX 
T:T=T-6277: REMARKS ARE HIGHLIGHTED! !! AK 
240 REM CHECK ML CODE FOR ERROR DL 
250 IF T THEN BEGIN: PRINT : PRINT FB 
260 PRINT" [RVSON]? CHECKSUM ERROR IN DAT 

CJ 
OK 
IM 
LH 
FM 
GH 
DC 
AC 
PC 
EK 
GN 



270 PRINT"LINES 140-2 10": END: BEND 
280 REM HANDLE PROGRAM RELOCATION 
290 L=PEEK(774):P0KED,L:P0KES+14,L 
300 H=PEEK(775):POKED+l,H:POKES+16.H 
310 M=S+24:L%=M/256 
320 POKES+10 , L% : POKES+8 , M-256*L% 
330 SYS ( S ) : PRINT"ENGAGED ! " : LIST230 
340 PRINT" [ RVSON IDIS/RE-ENGAGE: SYS"S 
350 REM KEY5."SYS"+STR$(S)+CHR$(13) 
360 NEW : SAVE IT BEFORE U RUN IT! ! ! ! ! 



New number fer pregram help: 
212-239-6089 

(If busy or no answer after three rings, call 212-239-0855) 

This new direct line to the Ahoy! technical department will provide readers typing in 
Ahoy! programs with the fastest possible assistance. 

'^"^ AHOYI m 




Continued from page 14 

TAX UPBATI 

C-64 users can take advantage of 
the old tax laws one last time with 
die 1986 version dlSmfttax ($49.95). 
The program prompts you through 
every step of die process and checks 
alternatives to calculate the lowest 
possible tax you can p^. Supported 
are the most common schedules — 
A,B,C,D,G,SE,W, and Form 2441- 
the totals from which can be integra- 
ted into Forms 1040, 104QA, or 
1040EZ. Information can be printed 
onto tax forms or blank paper. 

Tmieworks, 312-948-9200 (see ad- 
dress list, page 14). 

MIDI SIOUINCUI 

The Master Tracks Pro MIDI se- 
quencer ($299.95), a C-128 update of 
Passport Designs' Master Tracks, 
supports extended memory for longer 
songs. The Main Sequencer and Song 
Mode sections now send and receive 
MIDI Song Position Pointer, an aid 
in writing film and TV scores or jin- 
gles synced to videotape. 

F^sport Designs, Inc., 415-726- 
0280 (see address list, page 14). 

WOilD WBITIR UPORADI 

\Sbrd Writers ($49.95) includes all 
the features of the original C-64 word 
processor and adds an 85,000 word 
spell checker, a thesaurus with over 
60,000 synonyms and antonyms, an 
outline processor, SO-column print 
preview mode, highlighting feature, 
headers and footers, programmable 
"Swiftkeys," and GEOS compatibiUty. 
The program can be used alone or 
interfaced with Timeworks' Data 
Manager 2, Swiftcalc, and Sylvia 




NEWS 



Updated to prepare '86 tax return. 
READER SERVICE NO. 156 

Porter's Personal Financial Planner. 
Timeworks, 312-948-9200 (see ad- 
dress list, page 14). 

TIACHIR'S AID 

Lesson Master ($59.95) allows 
teachers to develop courseware with- 
out programming knowledge. The 
Authoring module includes a char- 
acter shape editor, sprite shape ed- 
itor, sprite animator, sound and mu- 
sic editor, and lesson screen editor. 
The Presenter module lets the student 
play back a lesson without the little 
cheat being able to modify it. The 
File Manager module includes the 
usual management ftinctions, with the 
capability to generate lesson sum- 
mary, student progress, and master 
file reports. 

Small Systems Software, 304-737- 
2891 (see address list, page 14). 

DiUI/a JOYSTICK CABLIS 

Interfiice cables that will connect 
standard Commodore joysticks to the 
Plus/4 are available for $10 each, pos- 
tage included, from R.M. Harris. 



R.M. Harris (see address list, page 
14). 

AJWIOA MUSIC PDOORAMi 

Two music makers for the Amiga 
from Electronic Arts: 

Instant Music ($49.95) utilizes ar- 
tificial intelligence by incorporating 
into the score a musical template that 
keeps the composer within his chosen 
key and tempo. The user can make 
music in real time along with the 
computer, playing the fourth instru- 
ment or voice while the computer 
plays the other three. 

Deluxe Music Construction Set 
($99.95) suppUes input, editing, and 
notation tools for easy composing. As 
the music is played back, the notes 
of the score flash and an onscreen pi- 
ano follows along. Instruments and 
styles can be changed within each 
staff as desired, and playback speed 
can be set at 1 to 240 beats per min- 
ute. Files can be transferred to the 
program from Instant Music. 

Electronic Arts, 415-571-7171 (see 
address list, page 14). 

MODIM 

The TCM-1200H Hayes Compati- 
ble Modem for the C-64 and 128 
($179.95) features auto-select 300/ 
12(X) baud and originate answer 
modes, 8 LED status indicators, and 
8 DIP switches (including an auto- 
answer disable switch to prevent the 
modem from answering the phone 
when not in use). Besides supporting 
the full set of Hayes AT commands, 
the modem is Bell 212 and CCITT 
V.22 compatible. C-64 and C-128 
software are included. 

Trans Com, Inc., 312-543-9055 
(see address list, page 14). 



.XOMINO IN THE MAY ISSUE OF AHOYI (ON SALE JMARCH 31). 




m AHori 



FROM DREAM 
TO DISK 

HOW ENTERTAINMENT 

SOFTWARE IS 

DESIGNED TODAY 



■^ 



C-128 
STARTUP 

AUTOBOOT 

MAKER AND 

OTHER DOS 

UTILITIES 



r 




THE LEADING 
WORD PROCESSOR 
JUST GOT BEnER! 

No Brag. Just Fact. WORD WRITER 3 
has more features, more power, and 
is easier-to-use than any 
other C64 word processor. 



And now the factsl We've added: 

• An 85,000-Word Spell Checker - plus, unlimited 
sub-dictionaries- 

• An Integrated Thesaurus with over 60,000 
synonyms and alternatives. 

• An Integrated Outline Processor that quickly 
organizes notes, facts, and ideas into a convenient 
outline format. 

• An 80-Column Print Preview Mode 

• Highlighting: Prints out your text incorporating 
underlinin g, boldface, italics, superscript, subscript, 
and more. 

• Headers and Footers 

• Automatic Program Set-Up: Configures WORD 
WRITER 3 to your choice of printer codes, screen 
colors, and more. 

• SwiftKeys' access commands quickly, using a 
minimum of keystrokes. 

• . . . and much, mucti more! 

You Get Free, Ongoing Technical Support 

Rest assured. When you show your support by 
buying TImeworks software, we never stop show- 
ing ours. That's why our twelve Customer Support 
Technicians have been giving our T.L.C. (Technical 
Loving Care) for over four years. And, all our 
programs have a Money Back Guarantee" 

bilii'QllVd!^1 



More power for your dollar 

Timeworks, Inc. 444 Lake Cook Road 
Deerfield, Illinois 60015 312-948-9200 



" Details on every Timeworks package, 
■ Registered trademarks o1 Commodore Electronics, Ltd.. 
Timeworks. Inc.. Berkeley Sottworks. Inc 
5 t363 Timeworks, Inc All Pights Reserved. 
n««l.r Sarvtca No. 299 




Word Writer 3 
interfaces with 
Timeworks' 
other C64 
programs for 
a complete 
Productivity 
System: 



• DATA MANAGER 2 ii.;^wHt«r 

A highly flexible filing and recordkeeping system 
that stores, retrieves, sorts, evaluates, and updates 
large amounts of information. Includes: Report 
Writing, Graphics, Statistics, and Label Making 
capabilities. 

• SWIFTCALC ^oys 

A powerful, surprisingly easy-to-use electronic 
spreadsheet for home and business use. Plus, 
with Sideways, prints all your columns on one, 
continuous sheet - sideways! 

• PARTNER 64 

A cartridge-based product with eight instantly 
accessible desktop accessories. PARTNER oper- 
ates "concurrently" with your other C64 software 
programs. 

Available for Commodore 64/128 Computers 
(64K, 40 Column) 

Suggested Retail List Prices: 

WORD WRITER 3 $49.95 

DATA MANAGER 2 S39.95 

SWIFTCALC S39.95 

PARTNER 64 $59.95 

Now at your favorite dealer, 

or contact Timeworks today. .^R^I*] 

To Order Call 
1-800-535-9497 



orji 



THE EXECUTIVE DISK #1 

Two new 18 hole courses f 
with LEADER BOARD. 7"ra 
sand traps, rough, water hat 

$19.95 C64/128 0NLY 



yURNAMENT DISK #T 

r new 18 hole courses ( 
I with LEADER BOARD: 

S19.9S C64/128. AMIGA 
ATABl ST, ATARI(4aK) 



1(11 h 
lilSh 




TS. 



MA OH 5 

Increase the power ol your O 
1541 drive. Loads programs u 
500% faster. Adds easy-to-ust 
comniands. j 

.95 C64 ' 



H128 




IS power ol MACH 5 lor the 
S and C64. Features 64 and 126 
select switch, warp drive and- 

$49.95 C64anaC12$ 



LEADER BOARD 

pro Golf Simulator 

f39.9S C64/128, AMIGA. 
ATARI ST. ATARI<48K) 

"This game is simply am^ 



m ■ m 

u 



rd lor itr 
GAZETTE 



"...the next best thing to a sunny day on the fairwavs..." 

AHOY MAGAZINE 

"...the sports simulation ol the year, it not the decade!" .. 

ZZAPI 64 (U... 



pn^oira 



UUjLi- 



J5iP 



MB230 



RCjOiC "/QPKS' OP 

The ultimate high-tec construction set. Discover 
how fiasy it is to build hundreds of Rottotic 
arojects and control them with your home 
mpuler. 

".as C84/12$ , 
ting lor Appf 




■[ .hr.iAr.E 

owling Simulator 

'"k and 'leal' of real tjowting. 
ight players including 
league play. 

139.95 C64/C128 » 

tomlns toon lor ATARI ST <~ 
- 'MIGA) 



i-R'?LE 

BEACHHEAD, BEACHHEAD 
RAID OVER MOSCOW 

Three best selling, award wi . 
classics! All for one incredibh 
price. 

$19.95 C64/128. APPLE2*/E/C, 
ATARI 48K 




Attention Dealers! 

If you wish to be included on our dealer 
list tor Tiew produci informcition and 
special promotional material, please 
call 1 (800) 824-2549 



^W?^^ 



Software incorporated 

Reader Service No. 298 



H you can't And our pfoctuct* *t your to<iil (leJilei. 
you can order direct. 

for mall orders, enclote check or mone> order. p)u« 
SI, 00 ihlpplng and handling, and tpecMy machine 
trenion desired. Order bt phone on VISA. Matiet 
Charge or C.O.D. by calling |80n 298 9077. 
ACCESS SOfTWARt. INC. 2S6I South I S60 Wc*l 
Wood* CroM. UT 840S7 



DONTMISS 
THE BOAT! 



pifB 


^^■■^^^^^Ehiih^H^hI 




9^ 


8 


B 


[iiiiH 


^SB 


s^ 



SUBSCRIBE 
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