Historical Records of Survey of India Vol 1-3

SECONDA

INDIA to ARABIA
by Ferando Bertoli, 1565
os t . RO .

Plate 2

TAVOLA

Ferando Berfoli exi_. it ds

Reft. No. 62 M. D.1539-600.

TRAMO VTANA

Reduced by one-fifth from a map in the British Museum, K 115 ( 7 ), by permission of the Trustees.

Published at S.I.O. Dehra OuJ>

St. ^ ■' '.^.jiiiCiiJflil

1 A m

mml l

LADAKH to LHASA
from the Lamas' map of 1733.

Plate 7

4 /'at *in«7<" of *A« /Oart eontaininu Thibet of "(Arte generate du- Thibet ouBviW-
u -uui at des pays de Sash/jar et Ham/. Drexsee .iur les cartes et memoires des RR.FR
"Jesiuies de hi Cluae et accord ee avec la situation consltULle de. quelques Rays vomins.
"Par U SV DAnvUle , Gevgraphe Ord™ du Roi . AvrU 1733'.'

1

Reg. No. 90 M.D. 1939 ,

Eedueed by one-eighth from map facing p. lxi of Markham's Narrative of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet [ 70-1 ].

The English edn., 1788, of Du Halde's Description de VEmpire de Chine
[ 70 ] contains the five sections of the Lamas' survey as adjusted by Father
Eegis, and used by D'Anville for the map above, which sections are three times
the scale of this plate 7; they bear the following note by the translator;

Drawn by the Lama Mathematicians & corrected and improved by the Missionaries
in 1717. ... As the Lamas made no Astronomical observations, ... the Missionaries have
connected this Map with their own, as well as Adjusted the Situation of the Country
in General by means of the following Places of China, whose Latitudes were observ'd,
and Longitudes determined Geometrically. ... Lasa...is, according to P. P. Dorville
and Grueber [ 149], ... in the Latd. of 29° 6', but the Map differs from their observations
above 30 minutes. . . . The Country to the South & West of Mount Kentais, where the
travells of y e Lama Mathematicians end, is layed down from Report of the Natives.

Du Halde takes the following notes (II. pp. 384, 386) from the account sent
home by Eegis, the original source of the many versions of the story [70] ;

The map of 1711 had been rejected by Eegis because
no situation had been fix'd by celestial Observation, and... the Distances were not
measured, but laid down from common Computation.

The two Lamas, sent later,
had studied Arithmetic and Geometry in a mathematical Academy. ... They were
ordered to comprize in their Map all the Country from Si-ning... to Lasa, the Grand
Lama's Residence, and from thence to the Source of the Ganges ; and likewise to bring
some of the Water of that River back with them. This Map was laid before the Missio-
nary Geographers in 1717, who found it vastly preferable to that of 1711, but not without

Faults. However, by the Help of the Measures used in this Map, by comparing it with
some Itineraries, . . . they found themselves not unprovided with Materials for drawing
a Map of all Tibet, more correct than any hitherto published.

The reason for the Lamas having to break off their survey was the invasion
of Tibet by Tartars from the North ;

All the Lamas that could be found were transported into Tartary. The two Lamas
employed in making the Map of Tibet; who were of the Yellow-Hat Party, narrowly
escaped the Fate of their Brethren. But as they were hurried by this Accident, they
were obliged to content themselves, in many Circumstances relating to the Countries
round the Source of the Ganges, with such information as the Lamas in the neighbouring
Pagoda could afford them, and with what they could learn from the Historical Account
found at the Grand Lama's at Lasa.

The River Ganges issues from the W. of the Mountain Kentais... . If therefore the
Latitude of that Mountain had been taken by Observation, the course of the Ganges might
have been more easily determined. But our Lama Geographers followed and measured
the course of the Tsan pu, which flows from the E. of the same Mountain, and their Mea-
sures alone cannot be supposed sufficient for accurately fixing the Latitude of Kentais.

The Lamas have been held to scorn for foisting upon the world their crazy
course for the upper Ganges ; but it was an honest mistake, the best they
could make of the information collected. They had not shirked their task ;
retreat was unavoidable. Their map of Tibet was not too bad, and it was
unfortunate that their big mistake should affect a problem that was of parti-
cular interest to the geographical world [72-3].

IERS

ther large body of water flows into

nnell who followed the Lamas'

ountains, the Ganges, formed by
takes its course to the "Westward,
:urn to the Southward, and then
rected towards the latter it enters
tween the mountains. . . . This dis-

ich, rising behind the subordinate
}f the Ganges. There ended the
o the South and South West were

11 accepted and wrote,
have followed M. D'Anville's cor-
ed the course of the Ganges to the
[ have said before, that I consider
sut the want of better materials
)es not take quite so wide a circuit

scorn and justly remarks,

ut plus employer des Materiaux

oubts that Rennell expressed,

res respecting the [upper?] part

maps and writings of Father
*W and apparently trustworthy
thaler's maps into a general
>wn in 1784; learning thus of
Berlin, obtained his Vescriptio
which he added, in two further
and a translation of Eennell's

jale insets shewing the sources
tier from native information,
about 3 degrees west and 8£
ing about 40' E. and 65' 1ST.),
du Gange est inconnue, & elle
me de la Tache les chemins
iperron.

Dhe 12 ", three rivers are shewn
ist Tieffenthaler notes,
gamati, sort de ce Lac [8o, 209].

sort de ce Lac; mais cette asser-
qu'il se jette dans l'Allaknanda

?", with the notes,

i tandis que c'est reellement le

, 1805 (322-3). ^Memoir, 1783 (99).
8 Maclagan notes that Tieffenthaler
de; a great astronomer; d. 1807, at
Tso Mapham ; Lagang or Eakas, 62

Plate 8

The INDUS to the GANGES
Rennell, 1792.

Reg No 9( M . D.1939.

Part of Eennell's Map of the Countries situated between Delhi and Kandahar, 1782, which
faces p. 65 of his Memoir of a Map of Hindoostan, 1793. Scale li inches to a degree.

Rennell has received a new value for the position of Sirinagur, Garhwal,
and changed the course of the Ganges above Hard war to conform [73].

He has now abandoned the Lamas' version of the Upper Ganges, but has
no idea of the source of the Indus, which Monserrate had shewn 200 years
earlier [Plate 10].

Published at 8. 1.O. Dehra Dun

The SOUTH PENINSULA
from Kelly, 1782.

Plate 9

. 71' 88 Lona. E. from 72 «' London

89 Long, E. from 90' Ferro

Reg. No. 9 2 M.o. 1939

Redrawn and reduced from Robert Kelly's Index Map to the Atlas submitted to the Governor
General and Supreme Council in 1782 [ 240-2 ].

The Political Divisions as shewn by Kelly are thus distinguished :

Maharattas ... ... Green Hyder Ally ... ... Blue

Nizam S( Bazla-jung ... Yellow English ... ... Red

Travancore ... ... Buff

Though Kelly shows the whole Carnatic as English, full possession was not obtained
till 1801 [ 107 n. 6]'.

Names shown in brackets are taken from map published by R. Bowyer, Pall Mall, 1-2-94.
published with Select Views in Mysore by Mr. Home.

Published at S.I.O. Dehra DOn.

BENGAL
from D'Anville's Carte de x'Inde 1752.

Plate 13

ReR- No. 96 M D. 1939-600.

Scale 1 • 4 inches to a degree.
Longitudes from Ferro.

Reproduced from map in the British Museum, K. 115 (12) 2 Tab. by permission of the Trustees.

For the river Ganga see note on Plate 8.

The Carte de Vlnde carries an inset showing the Hooghly River on a large scale.

Bourguignon d' Anvil le was the first geographer who preferred to leave his map blank
rather than insert detail for which he had no good authority. Compare the great acquisition
of knowledge displayed by Rennell thirty years later, Plate 14.

Published at S.l.O Oehra Dun ,

Plate 14

BENGAL and the BRAHMAPUTRA from Bunnell's Map of Hindoostan, 1782.

Plate 13

JIO

34

23

JIO

Scale one inch to a degree

Rel. No. 97 M . D.1939

Rennell was emphatic that the Tsang-po
and Brahmaputra were one river, [p. 79J.

A R A c a :sr

Published at 8.I.O. Dehra Du"